Tafsir Ibn Kathir All 10 Volumes

A compilation of the Abridged Tafsir Ibn Kathir Volumes 1 - 10. In The English Language with Arabic Verses

Biography of Hafiz Ibn Kat hir - The Aut hor of Tafsir Ibn Kat hir By t he Honored Shaykh ` Abdul-Qadir Al-Arna'ut , may Allah prot ect him.

He is t he respect ed Imam, Abu Al-Fida', ` Imad Ad-Din Isma il bin 'Umar bin Kat hir Al-Qurashi Al-Busrawi - Busraian in origin; Dimashqi in t raining, learning and residence.

Ibn Kat hir was born in t he cit y of Busra in 701 H. His fat her was t he Friday speaker of t he village, but he died while Ibn Kat hir was only four years old. Ibn Kat hir's brot her, Shaykh Abdul-Wahhab, reared him and t aught him unt il he moved t o Damascus in 706 H., when he was five years old. Ibn Kat hir's Teachers

Ibn Kat hir st udied Fiqh - Islamic j urisprudence - wit h Burhan Ad-Din, Ibrahim bin ` Abdur-Rahman Al-Fizari, known as Ibn Al-Firkah (who died in 729 H). Ibn Kat hir heard Hadit hs from ` Isa bin Al-Mut im, Ahmad bin Abi Talib, (Ibn Ash-Shahnah) (who died in 730 H), Ibn AlHaj j ar, (who died in 730 H), and t he Hadit h narrat or of Ash-Sham (modern day Syria and surrounding areas); Baha Ad-Din Al-Qasim bin Muzaffar bin ` Asakir (who died in 723 H), and Ibn Ash-Shirdzi, Ishaq bin Yahya Al-Ammuddi, also known as ` Afif Ad-Din, t he Zahiriyyah Shaykh who died in 725 H, and Muhammad bin Zarrad. He remained wit h Jamal Ad-Din, Yusuf bin Az-Zaki AlMizzi who died in 724 H, he benefit ed from his knowledge and also married his daught er. He also

read wit h Shaykh Al-Islam, Taqi Ad-Din Ahmad bin ` Abdul-Halim bin ` Abdus-Salam bin Taymiyyah who died in 728 H. He also read wit h t he Imam Hafiz and hist orian Shams Ad-Din, Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Ut hman bin Qaymaz Adh-Dhahabi, who died in 748 H. Also, Abu Musa Al-Qarafai, Abu Al-Fat h Ad-Dabbusi and 'Ali bin ` Umar As-Suwani and ot hers who gave him permission t o t ransmit t he knowledge he learned wit h t hem in Egypt .

In his book, Al-Mu j am Al-Mukht as, Al-Hafiz Adh-Dhaliabi wrot e t hat Ibn Kat hir was, "The Imam, scholar of j urisprudence, skillful scholar of Hadit h, renowned Fagih and scholar of Tafsir who wrot e several beneficial books."

Furt her, in Ad-Durar Al-Kdminah, Al-Hafiz Ibn Haj ar AlAsqalani said, "Ibn Kat hir worked on t he subj ect of t he Hadit h in t he areas of t ext s and chains of narrat ors. He had a good memory, his books became popular during his lifet ime, and people benefit ed from t hem aft er his deat h."

Also, t he renowned hist orian Abu Al-Mahasin, Jamal Ad-Din Yusuf bin Sayf Ad-Din (Ibn Taghri Bardi), said in his book, AlManhal As-Safi, "He is t he Shaykh, t he Imam, t he great scholar ` Imad Ad-Din Abu Al-Fida'. He learned ext ensively and was very act ive in collect ing knowledge and writ ing. He was excellent in t he areas of Fiqh, Tafsfr and Hadit h. He collect ed knowledge, aut hored (books), t aught , narrat ed Hadit h and wrot e. He had immense knowledge in t he fields of Hadit h, Tafsir, Fiqh, t he Arabic language, and so fort h. He gave Fat awa (religious verdict s) and t aught unt il he died, may Allah grant him mercy. He was known for his precision and vast knowledge, and as a scholar of hist ory, Hadit h and Tafsir." Ibn Kat hir's St udent s

Ibn Haj j i was one of Ibn Kat hir's st udent s, and he described Ibn Kat hir: "He had t he best memory of t he Hadit h t ext s. He also had t he most knowledge concerning t he narrat ors and aut hent icit y, his cont emporaries and t eachers admit t ed t o t hese qualit ies. Every t ime I met him I gained some benefit from him."

Also, Ibn Al-` Imad Al-Hanbali said in his book, Shadhardt Adh-Dhahab, "He is t he renowned Hafiz ` Imad Ad-Din, whose memory was excellent , whose forget fulness was miniscule, whose underst anding was adequat e, and who had good knowledge in t he Arabic language." Also, Ibn Habib said about Ibn Kat hir, "He heard knowledge and collect ed it and wrot e various books. He brought comfort t o t he ears wit h his Fat was and narrat ed Hadit h and brought benefit t o ot her people. The papers t hat cont ained his Fat was were t ransmit t ed t o t he various (Islamic) provinces. Furt her, he was known for his precision and encompassing knowledge." Ibn Kat hir's Books

1 - One of t he great est books t hat Ibn Kat hir wrot e was his Tafsir of t he Noble Qur'an, which is one of t he best Tafsir t hat rely on narrat ions [of Ahadit h, t he Tafsir of t he Companions, et c.]. The Tafsir by Ibn Kat hir was print ed many t imes and several scholars have summarized it .

2- The Hist ory Collect ion known as Al-Biddyah, which was print ed in 14 volumes under t he name Al-Bidayah wanNihdyah, and cont ained t he st ories of t he Prophet s and previous nat ions, t he Prophet 's Seerah (life st ory) and Islamic hist ory unt il his t ime. He also added a book Al-Fit an, about t he Signs of t he Last Hour.

3- At -Takmil ft Ma` rifat At h-Thiqat wa Ad-Du'afa wal Maj dhil which Ibn Kat hir collect ed from t he books of his t wo Shaykhs Al-Mizzi and Adh-

Dhahabi; Al-Kdmal and Mizan Al-Ft iddl. He added several benefit s regarding t he subj ect of Al-Jarh and At T'adil.

4- Al-Hadi was-Sunan ft Ahadit h Al-Masdnfd was-Sunan which is also known by, Jami` Al-Masdnfd. In t his book, Ibn Kat hir collect ed t he narrat ions of Imams Ahmad bin Hanbal, Al-Bazzar, Abu Ya` la AlMawsili, Ibn Abi Shaybah and from t he six collect ions of Hadit h: t he Two Sahihs [Al-Bukhari and Muslim] and t he Four Sunan [Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi, AnNasa and Ibn Maj ah]. Ibn Kat hir divided t his book according t o areas of Fiqh.

5-Tabaqat Ash-Shaf iyah which also cont ains t he virt ues of Imam AshShafi.

6- Ibn Kat hir wrot e references for t he Ahadit h of Adillat At Tanbfh, from t he Shafi school of Fiqh.

7- Ibn Kat hir began an explanat ion of Sahih Al-Bukhari, but he did not finish it .

8- He st art ed writ ing a large volume on t he Ahkam (Laws), but finished only up t o t he Haj j rit uals.

9- He summarized Al-Bayhaqi's 'Al-Madkhal. Many of t hese books were not print ed.

10- He summarized ` Ulum Al-Hadit h, by Abu ` Amr bin AsSalah and called it Mukht asar ` Ulum Al-Hadit h. Shaykh Ahmad Shakir, t he

Egypt ian Muhaddit h, print ed t his book along wit h his comment ary on it and called it Al-Ba't h Al-Hat hft h fi Sharh Mukht asar ` Ulum Al-Hadit h.

11- As-Sfrah An-Nabawiyyah, which is cont ained in his book AlBiddyah, and bot h of t hese books are in print .

12- A research on Jihad called Al-Ij t ihad ft Talabi Al-Jihad, which was print ed several t imes. Ibn Kat hir's Deat h

Al-Hafiz Ibn Haj ar Al-Asgalani said, "Ibn Kat hir lost his sight j ust before his life ended. He died in Damascus in 774 H." May Allah grant mercy upon Ibn Kat hir and make him among t he resident s of His Paradise.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Fat ihah (Chapt er 1) Which was revealed in Makkah

The Meaning of Al-Fatihah and its Various Name

This Surah is called Al-Fat ihah, t hat is, t he Opener of t he Book, t he Surah wit h which prayers are begun. It is also called, Umm Al-Kit ab (t he Mot her of t he Book), according t o t he maj orit y of t he scholars. In an aut hent ic Hadit h recorded by At -Tirmidhi, who graded it Sahih, Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゆ ͡ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや ぁュぺ⊥ヱ∠ ラ ͡ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ぁュぺ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ヨャ∠ゅ∠バ∇ャや ゆ ∠ ケ∠ ぶ ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや» «ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ⊥ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヶ͡ルゅ∠んヨ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ∇らジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ (Al-Hamdu lillahi Rabbil-` Alamin is t he Mot her of t he Qur'an, t he Mot her of t he Book, and t he seven repeat ed Ayat of t he Glorious Qur'an.) It is also called Al-Hamd and As-Salah, because t he Prophet said t hat his Lord said,

や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩͡リ∇Βヘ∠ ∇ダル͡ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡レ∇Βよ∠ り∠ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ろ ⊥ ∇ヨジ ∠ ホ∠ » :ぶ ⊥ や メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩∠リΒ͡ヨャ∠ゅ∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ぶ͡キギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや:ギ⊥ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ «ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ヶ͡ルギ∠ ヨ͡ ェ ∠ (` The prayer (i.e., Al-Fat ihah) is divided int o t wo halves bet ween Me and My servant s.' When t he servant says, ` All praise is due t o Allah, t he Lord of exist ence,' Allah says, 'My servant has praised Me.') Al-Fat ihah was called t he Salah, because recit ing it is a condit ion for t he correct ness of Salah t he prayer. Al-Fat ihah was also called Ash-Shifa' (t he Cure). It is also called Ar-Ruqyah (remedy), since in t he Sahih, t here is t he narrat ion of Abu Sa` id t elling t he t he st ory of t he Companion who used Al-Fat ihah as a remedy for t he t ribal chief who was poisoned. Lat er, t he Messenger of Allah said t o a Companion,

«∀る∠Β∇ホケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ Α͡ケ∇ギΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ » (How did you know t hat it is a Ruqyah) Al-Fat ihah was revealed in Makkah as Ibn ` Abbas, Qat adah and Abu Al-` Aliyah st at ed. Allah said,

びヶ͡ルゅ∠んヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔バ∇らシ ∠ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed, We have best owed upon you t he seven Mat hani) (seven repeat edly recit ed verses), (i.e. Surat Al-Fat ihah) (15:87). Allah knows best .

ous Names

How many Ayat does Al-Fatihah contain

There is no disagreement over t he view t hat Al-Fat ihah cont ains seven Ayat . According t o t he maj orit y of t he recit ers of Al-Kufah, a group of t he Companions, t he Tabi` in, and a number of scholars from t he successive generat ions, t he Bismillah is a separat e Ayah in it s beginning. We will ment ion t his subj ect again soon, if Allah wills, and in Him we t rust .

The Number of Words and Letters in Al-Fatihah The scholars say t hat Al-Fat ihah consist s of t went y-five words, and t hat it cont ains one hundred and t hirt een let t ers

The Reason it is called Umm Al-Kitab In t he beginning of t he Book of Tafsir, in his Sahih, Al-Bukhari said; "It is called Umm Al-Kit ab, because t he Qur'an st art s wit h it and because t he prayer is st art ed by recit ing it .'' It was also said t hat it is called Umm Al-Kit ab, because it cont ains t he meanings of t he ent ire Qur'an. Ibn Jarir said, "The Arabs call every comprehensive mat t er t hat cont ains several specific areas an Umm. For inst ance, t hey call t he skin t hat surrounds t he brain, Umm Ar-Ra's. They also call t he flag t hat gat hers t he ranks of t he army an Umm.'' He also said, "Makkah was called Umm AlQura, (t he Mot her of t he Villages) because it is t he grandest and t he leader of all villages. It was also said t hat t he eart h was made st art ing from Makkah.'' Furt her, Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah narrat ed about Umm Al-Qur'an t hat t he Prophet said,

ラ ⊥ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ルゅ∠んヨ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ∇らｚジャや ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ぁュぺ⊥ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ » «ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや (It is Umm Al-Qur'an, t he seven repeat ed (verses) and t he Glorious Qur'an.) Also, Abu Ja` far, Muhammad bin Jarir At -Tabari recorded Abu Hurayrah saying t hat t he Messenger of Allah said about Al-Fat ihah,

ノ⊥ ∇らｚジャや ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや る⊥ エ ∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠プ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ぁュぺ⊥ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ » «ヶ͡ルゅ∠んヨ∠ ∇ャや (It is Umm Al-Qur'an, Al-Fat ihah of t he Book (t he Opener of t he Qur'an) and t he seven repeat ed (verses).)

Virtues of Al-Fatihah Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal recorded in t he Musnad t hat Abu Sa` id bin Al-Mu` alla said, "I was praying when t he Prophet called me, so I did not answer him unt il I finished t he prayer. I t hen went t o him and he said, (What prevent ed you from coming) I said, 'O Messenger of Allah ! I was praying.' He said, (` Didn't Allah say),

や∠クま͡ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ヤ͡ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇シや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び∇ユム⊥ Β͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ハキ∠ (O you who believe! Answer Allah (by obeying Him) and (His) Messenger when he () calls you t o t hat which gives you life) He t hen said,

ァ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ラ ͡ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ り∃ ケ∠ ヲ⊥シ ユ∠ ヌ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ マ ∠ レｚ ヨ∠ ヤあハ ∠ ほ⊥ャ∠» «ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ (I will t each you t he great est Surah in t he Qur'an before you leave t he Masj id.) He held my hand and when he was about t o leave t he Masj id, I said, ` O Messenger of Allah! You said: I will t each you t he great est Surah in t he Qur'an.' He said, (Yes.)

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (Al-Hamdu lillahi Rabbil-` Alamin)''

ヵ͡グャｚや ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ⊥ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヶ͡ルゅ∠んヨ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ∇らｚジャや ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » «ヮ⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ (It is t he seven repeat ed (verses) and t he Glorious Qur'an t hat I was given.)'' Al-Bukhari, Abu Dawud, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah also recorded t his Hadit h. Also, Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "The Messenger of Allah went out while Ubayy bin Ka` b was praying and said, (O Ubayy!) Ubayy did not answer him. The Prophet said, (O Ubayy!) Ubayy prayed fast er t hen went t o t he Messenger of Allah saying, ` Peace be unt o you, O Messenger of Allah!' He said, (Peace be unt o you. O Ubayy, what prevent ed you from answering me when I called you) He said, ` O Messenger of Allah! I was praying.' He said, (Did you not read among what Allah has sent down t o me,)

び∇ユム⊥ Β͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ͡ャ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ハキ∠ や∠クま͡ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ヤ͡ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇シやぴ (Answer Allah (by obeying Him) and (His) Messenger when he () calls you t o t hat which gives you life) He said, ` Yes, O Messenger of Allah! I will not do it again.' t he Prophet said,

り͡ や∠ケヲｚわャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ャ ∇メゴ͡ ∇レゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ り⇔ ケ∠ ヲ⊥シ マ ∠ ヨ∠ ヤあハ ∠ ぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ょ ぁ エ ͡ ゎ⊥ ぺ∠» ラ ͡ ゅ∠ホ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ケ͡ ヲ⊥よゴｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ モ ͡ Β͡イ∇ルみ͡∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ «∨ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇んョ͡ (Would you like me t o t each you a Surah t he likes of which not hing has been revealed in t he Tawrah, t he Inj il, t he Zabur (Psalms) or t he Furqan (t he Qur'an)) He said, ` Yes, O Messenger of Allah!' The Messenger of Allah said, (I hope t hat I will not leave t hrough t his door unt il you have learned it .) He (Ka` b) said, ` The Messenger of Allah held my hand while speaking t o me. Meanwhile I was slowing down fearing t hat he might reach t he door before he finished his conversat ion. When we came close t o t he door, I said: O Messenger of Allah ! What is t he Surah t hat you have promised t o t each me' He said, (What do you read in t he prayer.) Ubayy said, ` So I recit ed Umm Al-Qur'an t o him.' He said,

ゅ∠ャヱ∠ り͡ や∠ケヲｚわャや ヶ͡プ ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇んョ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ホ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ケ͡ ヲ⊥よゴｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ モ ͡ Β͡イ∇ルみ͡∇ャや ヶ͡プ «ヶ͡ルゅ∠んヨ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ∇らｚジャや ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ (By Him in Whose Hand is my soul! Allah has never revealed in t he Tawrah, t he Inj il, t he Zabur or t he Furqan a Surah like it . It is t he seven repeat ed verses t hat I was given.)'' Also, At -Tirmidhi recorded t his Hadit h and in his narrat ion, t he Prophet said,

ヵ͡グャｚや ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ͡ラへ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヶ͡ルゅ∠んヨ∠ ∇ャや ノ͡ ∇らジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡» «ヮ⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥ (It is t he seven repeat ed verses and t he Glorious Qur'an t hat I was given.) At -Tirmidhi t hen comment ed t hat t his Hadit h is Hasan Sahih. There is a similar Hadit h on t his subj ect narrat ed from Anas bin Malik Furt her, ` Abdullah, t he son of Imam Ahmad, recorded t his Hadit h from Abu Hurayrah from Ubayy bin Ka` b, and he ment ioned a longer but similar wording for t he above Hadit h. In addit ion, At -Tirmidhi and An-

Nasa'i recorded t his Hadit h from Abu Hurayrah from Ubayy bin Ka` b who said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

あュぺ⊥ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ モ ͡ Β͡イ∇ルみ͡∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ り͡ や∠ケヲｚわャや ヶ͡プ ぶ ⊥ や メ∠ゴ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ» ヶ͡レ∇Βよ∠ ∀る∠ョヲ⊥ジ∇ボ∠ョ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ルゅ∠んヨ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ∇らｚジャや ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや «リ ͡ ∇Βヘ∠ ∇ダル͡ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ (Allah has never revealed in t he Tawrah or t he Inj il anyt hing similar t o Umm Al-Qur'an. It is t he seven repeat ed verses and it is divided int o t wo halves bet ween Allah and His servant .) This is t he wording report ed by An-Nasa'i. At -Tirmidhi said t hat t his Hadit h is Hasan Gharib. Also, Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn Jabir said, "I went t o t he Messenger of Allah aft er he had poured wat er (for purificat ion) and said, ` Peace be unt o you, O Messenger of Allah!' He did not answer me. So I said again, ` Peace be unt o you, O Messenger of Allah!' Again, he did not answer me, so I said again, ` Peace be unt o you, O Messenger of Allah!' St ill he did not answer me. The Messenger of Allah went while I was following him, unt il he arrived at his residence. I went t o t he Masj id and sat t here sad and depressed. The Messenger of Allah came out aft er he performed his purificat ion and said, (Peace and Allah's mercy be unt o you, peace and Allah's mercy be unt o you, peace and Allah's mercy be unt o you.) He t hen said, (O ` Abdullah bin Jabir! Should I inform you of t he best Surah in t he Qur'an) I said, ` Yes, O Messenger of Allah!' He said, (Read, ` All praise be t o Allah, t he Lord of t he exist ence,' unt il you finish it .)'' This Hadit h has a good chain of narrat ors. Some scholars relied on t his Hadit h as evidence t hat some Ayat and Surahs have more virt ues t han ot hers. Furt hermore, in t he chapt er about t he virt ues of t he Qur'an, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri said, "Once, we were on a j ourney when a female servant came and said, ` The leader of t his area has been poisoned and our people are away. Is t here a healer among you' Then a man whose healing expert ise did not int erest us st ood for her, he read a Ruqyah for him, and he was healed. The chief gave him t hirt y sheep as a gift and some milk. When he came back t o us we said t o him, ` You know of a (new) Ruqyah, or did you do t his before' He said, ` I only used Umm Al-Kit ab as Ruqyah.' We said, ` Do not do anyt hing furt her unt il we ask t he Messenger of Allah.' When we went back t o Al-Madinah we ment ioned what had happened t o t he Prophet . The Prophet said,

ヶ͡ャ やヲ⊥よ͡ゲ∇ッや∠ヱ やヲ⊥ヨジ ͡ ∇ホや ∀る∠Β∇ホケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ Α͡ケ∇ギΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ » «ユ∃ ∇ヰジ ∠ よ͡ (Who t old him t hat it is a Ruqyah Divide (t he sheep) and reserve a share for me.)''

Also, Muslim recorded in his Sahih, and An-Nasa'i in his Sunan t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "While Jibril (Gabriel) was wit h t he Messenger of Allah , he heard a noise from above. Jibril lift ed his sight t o t he sky and said, ` This is a door in heaven being open, and it has never been opened before now.' An angel descended from t hat door and came t o t he Prophet and said, ` Receive t he glad t idings of t wo light s t hat you have been given, which no ot her Prophet before you was given: t he Opening of t he Book and t he last (t hree) Ayat of Surat Al-Baqarah. You will not read a let t er of t hem, but will gain it s benefit .''' This is t he wording collect ed by An-Nasa'i (Al-Kubra 5:12) and Muslim recorded similar wording (1:554).

Al-Fatihah and the Prayer Muslim recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,

ヶ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ ラ ͡ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ｚュぺ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ぺゲ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ り⇔ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ヴ∠ヤタ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ュ∃ ゅ∠ヨゎ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ ∀ァや∠ギ͡カ (Whoever performs any prayer in which he did not read Umm Al-Qur'an, t hen his prayer is incomplet e.) He said it t hrice. Abu Hurayrah was asked, " When we st and behind t he Imam'' He said, "Read it t o yourself, for I heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡レ∇Βよ∠ り∠ ゅ∠ヤダ ∂ ャや ろ ⊥ ∇ヨジ ∠ ホ∠ :モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ » :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や∠クみ͡プ∠ メ ∠ ほ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヵ͡ギ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βヘ∠ ∇ダル͡ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ヶ͡ルギ∠ ヨ͡ ェ ∠ :ぶ ⊥ や メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩び リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ∩ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴレ∇をぺ∠ :ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャやぴ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や∠クみ∠プ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ヶ͡ルギ∠ イ ｚ ョ∠ :ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩び リ ͡ Αあギャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ͡ ヤ͡⇒∠ョぴ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ヶ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ チ ∠ ヲｚ プ∠ :り⇔ ゲｚ ョ∠

リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヶレ͡ ∇Βよ∠ や∠グワ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩び リ ⊥ Β͡バわ∠ ∇ジル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ぴ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∠メほ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヵ͡ギ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヅ ∠ や∠ゲタ ͡ - ユ∠ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヅ ∠ や∠ゲダ あ ャや ゅ∠ル͡ギ∇ワやぴ ∩び ∠リΒあャべｚツャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ツ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ «メ ∠ ほ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヵ͡ギ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ や∠グワ :ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ (Allah, t he Exalt ed, said, ` I have divided t he prayer (Al-Fat ihah) int o t wo halves bet ween Myself and My servant , and My servant shall have what he asks for.' If he says,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (All praise and t hanks be t o Allah, t he Lord of exist ence.) Allah says, ` My servant has praised Me.' When t he servant says,

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャやぴ (The Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.) Allah says, ` My servant has glorified Me.' When he says,

びリ ͡ Αあギャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ͡ ヤ͡⇒∠ョぴ (The Owner of t he Day of Recompense.) Allah says, ` My servant has glorified Me,' or ` My servant has relat ed all mat t ers t o Me.' When he says,

びリ ⊥ Β͡バわ∠ ∇ジル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ぴ (You (alone) we worship, and You (alone) we ask for help.) Allah says, ` This is bet ween Me and My servant , and My servant shall acquire what he sought .' When he says,

ろ ∠ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヅ ∠ や∠ゲタ ͡ - ユ∠ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヅ ∠ や∠ゲダ あ ャや ゅ∠ル͡ギ∇ワやぴ びリ ∠ Βあャべｚツャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ツ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (Guide us t o t he st raight pat h. The way of t hose on whom You have grant ed Your grace, not (t he way) of t hose who earned Your anger, nor of t hose who went ast ray), Allah says, ` This is for My servant , and My servant shall acquire what he asked for.').'' These are t he words of An-Nasa'i, while bot h Muslim and An-Nasa'i collect ed t he following wording, "A half of it is for Me and a half for My servant , and My servant shall acquire what he asked for.''

Explaining this Hadith The last Hadit h used t he word Salah ` prayer' in reference t o recit ing t he Qur'an, (Al-Fat ihah in t his case) j ust as Allah said in anot her Ayah,

リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヒ͡ わ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ろプ͡ ゅ∠ガゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ゎ͡ Κ∠ダよ͡ ∇ゲヰ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ (And offer your Salah (prayer) neit her aloud nor in a low voice, but follow a way bet ween.) meaning, wit h your recit at ion of t he Qur'an, as t he Sahih relat ed from Ibn ` Abbas. Also, in t he last Hadit h, Allah said, "I have divided t he prayer bet ween Myself and My servant int o t wo halves, a half for Me and a half for My servant . My servant shall have what he asked for.'' Allah next explained t he division t hat involves recit ing Al-Fat ihah, demonst rat ing t he import ance of recit ing t he Qur'an during t he prayer, which is one of t he prayer's great est pillars. Hence, t he word ` prayer' was used here alt hough only a part of it was act ually being referred t o, t hat is, recit ing t he Qur'an. Similarly, t he word ` recit e' was used where prayer is meant , as demonst rat ed by Allah's st at ement ,

びや⇔キヲ⊥ヰ∇ゼョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゲ͡ ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゲ͡ ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And recit e t he Qur'an in t he early dawn.Verily, t he recit at ion of t he Qur'an in t he early dawn is ever wit nessed.) in reference t o t he Faj r prayer. The Two Sahihs recorded t hat t he angels of t he night and t he day at t end t his prayer.

Reciting Al-Fatihah is required in Every Rak` ah of the Prayer All of t hese fact s t est ify t o t he requirement t hat recit ing t he Qur'an (Al-Fat ihah) in t he prayer is required, and t here is a consensus bet ween t he scholars on t his ruling. The Hadit h t hat we ment ioned also t est ifies t o t his fact , for t he Prophet said,

ヶ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ ラ ͡ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや あュほ⊥よ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ぺゲ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ り⇔ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ヴｚヤタ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «∀ァや∠ギ͡カ (Whoever performs any prayer in which he did not recit e Umm Al-Qur'an, his prayer is incomplet e.) Also, t he Two Sahihs recorded t hat ` Ubadah bin As-Samit said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ゆ ͡ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや る͡ エ ∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ヘよ͡ ∇ぺゲ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ り∠ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ゅ∠ャ» (There is no prayer for whoever does not recit e t he Opening of t he Book.) Also, t he Sahihs of Ibn Khuzaymah and Ibn Hibban recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ラ ͡ へゲ⊥ボ∇ャや あュほ⊥よ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ぺ⊥ゲ∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∀りゅ∠ヤ∠タ む ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇イゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» (The prayer during which Umm Al-Qur'an is not recit ed is invalid.) There are many ot her Hadit hs on t his subj ect . Therefore, recit ing t he Opening of t he Book, during t he prayer by t he Imam and t hose praying behind him, is required in every prayer, and in every Rak` ah.

The Tafsir of Isti` adhah (seeking Refuge) Allah said,

リ ∠ Β͡ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ チ͡ゲ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ フ ͡ ∇ゲバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ゲョ⊥ ∇ぺヱ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ヘバ∠ ∇ャや グ͡ カ ⊥ぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇グバ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∀パ∇ゴ∠ル リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ レｚ ビ ∠ ゴ∠ レ∠ Α∠ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨ∠シ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ (Show forgiveness, enj oin what is good, and st ay away from t he foolish (i.e. don't punish t hem). And if an evil whisper comes t o you from Shayt an (Sat an), t hen seek refuge wit h Allah. Verily, He is Hearing, Knowing) (7:199-200),

ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ る∠ ゃ∠ Βあ ジ ｚ ャや リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ ∇ノプ∠ ∇キやぴ れ ͡ や∠ゴヨ∠ ワ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ゆ あ ケｚ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ Α∠ びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲツ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ゆ あ ケ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ヱ∠ - リ ͡ Β͡ト⇒Βｚゼャや (Repel evil wit h t hat which is bet t er. We are Best -Acquaint ed wit h t hings t hey ut t er. And say: "My Lord! I seek refuge wit h You from t he whisperings (suggest ions) of t he Shayat in (devils). And I seek refuge wit h You, My Lord! lest t hey should come near me.'') (23:96-98) and,

ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ ∇ノプ∠ ∇キや る⊥ ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ ｘ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∀り∠ヱや∠ギ∠ハ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠クみ͡プ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ べ∠ワゅｚボヤ∠Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ワゅｚボヤ∠Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヨェ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ レｚ ビ ∠ ゴ∠ レ∠Α ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ナ あェ ∠ ヱ⊥ク Ι ｚ ま͡ び ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇グバ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∀パ∇ゴ∠ル (Repel (an evil) wit h one which is bet t er, t hen verily he wit h whom t here was enmit y bet ween you, (will become) as t hough he was a close friend. But none is grant ed it except t hose who are pat ient and none is grant ed it except t he owner of t he great port ion (of happiness in t he Hereaft er, i.e. Paradise and of a high moral charact er) in t his world. And if an evil whisper from Shayt an t ries t o t urn you away (O Muhammad ) (from doing good), t hen seek refuge in Allah. Verily, He is t he Hearing, t he Knowing.) (41:34-36) These are t he only t hree Ayat t hat carry t his meaning. Allah commanded t hat we be lenient human enemy, so t hat his soft nat ure might make him an ally and a support er. He also commanded t hat we seek refuge from t he sat anic enemy, because t he devil does not relent in his enmit y if we t reat him wit h kindness and leniency. The devil only seeks t he dest ruct ion of t he Son of Adam due t o t he vicious enmit y and hat red he has always had t owards man's fat her, Adam. Allah said,

ユ⊥ム∇Αヲ∠ よ∠ ぺ∠ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ べ∠ヨミ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ レｚ レ∠ わ͡ ∇ヘΑ∠ Ι ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ ヴ͡レら∠ ⇒∠Αぴ びる͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ (O Children of Adam! Let not Shayt an deceive you, as he got your parent s Adam and Hawwa' (Eve) out of Paradise) (7:27),

ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ や⇔ヱ∂ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グガ ͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ゲ͡ Β͡バジ ｚ ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ∇ゴェ ͡ (Surely, Shayt an is an enemy t o you, so t ake (t reat ) him as an enemy. He only invit es his Hizb (followers) t hat t hey may become t he dwellers of t he blazing Fire) (35:6) and,

∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ｚΑあケク⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ わ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びΙ ⇔ ギ∠ よ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャ ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ (Will you t hen t ake him (Iblis) and his offspring as prot ect ors and helpers rat her t han Me while t hey are enemies t o you What an evil is t he exchange for t he Zalimun (polyt heist s, and wrongdoers, et c)) (18:50). The devil assured Adam t hat he want ed t o advise him, but he was lying. Hence, how would he t reat us aft er he had vowed,

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ポ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ Ι ｚ み͡レ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Α∠ ヲ͡ ∇ビΕ マ ∠ ゎ͡ ゴｚ バ͡ ら͡ プ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ダヤ∠∇ガヨ⊥ ∇ャや ("By Your might , t hen I will surely, mislead t hem all. Except Your chosen servant s among t hem (i.e. fait hful, obedient , t rue believers of Islamic Monot heism).'') (38:82-83) Also, Allah said,

リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇グバ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや れ ∠ ∇ぺゲ∠ ホ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ び ユ͡ Β͡ィゲｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∀ ゅ∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ びラ ∠ ヲミ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ

(So when you want t o recit e t he Qur'an, seek refuge wit h Allah from Shayt an, t he out cast (t he cursed one). Verily, he has no power over t hose who believe and put t heir t rust only in t heir Lord (Allah). His power is only over t hose who obey and follow him (Sat an), and t hose who j oin part ners wit h Him.) (16:98-100).

Seeking Refuge before reciting the Qur'an Allah said,

リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇グバ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや れ ∠ ∇ぺゲ∠ ホ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ び ユ͡ Β͡ィゲｚ ャや (So when you want t o recit e t he Qur'an, seek refuge wit h Allah from Shayt an, t he out cast (t he cursed one).) meaning, before you recit e t he Qur'an. Similarly, Allah said,

∇ユム⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤジ ͡ ∇ビゅプ り͡ ヲヤｚダャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨホ⊥ や∠クま͡ぴ び∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ (When you int end t o offer As-Salah (t he prayer), wash your faces and your hands (forearms)) (5:6) meaning, before you st and in prayer, as evident by t he Hadit hs t hat we ment ioned. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri said, "When t he Messenger of Allah would st and up in prayer at night , he would st art his prayer wit h t he Takbir (saying "Allahu Akbar''; Allah is Great er) and would t hen supplicat e,

∩∠マヨ⊥ ∇シや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ポギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや マ ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥» «ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠ポギぁ ∠ィ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ (All praise is due t o You, O Allah, and also t he t hanks. Blessed be Your Name, Exalt ed be Your sovereignt y, and t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except You.) He would t hen say t hrice,

«ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ» (There is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah,).

He would t hen say,

ユ͡ Β͡ィゲｚ ャや ラ ͡ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ͡ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ͡ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠» «ヮ͡ ん͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ガ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ ゴ∠ ∇ヨワ∠ ∇リョ͡ (I seek refuge wit h Allah, t he Hearing, t he Knowing, from t he cursed Sat an, from his coercion, lures t o arrogance and poems.).'' The four collect ors of t he Sunan recorded t his Hadit h, which At -Tirmidhi considered t he most famous Hadit h on t his subj ect . Abu Dawud and Ibn Maj ah recorded t hat Jubayr bin Mut ` im said t hat his fat her said, "When t he Messenger of Allah st art ed t he prayer, he said,

ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ぶ ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や» マ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡タぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ ぶ ͡ やラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ «ヮ͡ ん͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ガ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ ゴ͡ ∇ヨワ∠ ∇リョ͡ ユ͡ Β͡ィゲｚ ャや ラ ͡ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ (Allah is t he Great er, t ruly t he Great est (t hrice); all praise is due t o Allah always (t hrice); and all praise is due t o Allah day and night (t hrice). O Allah! I seek refuge wit h You from t he cursed Sat an, from his Hamz, Nafkh and Naft h.).'' ` Amr said, "The Hamz means asphyxiat ion, t he Nafkh means arrogance, and t he Naft h means poet ry.'' Also, Ibn Maj ah recorded t hat ` Ali bin Al-Mundhir said t hat Ibn Fudayl narrat ed t hat ` At a' bin As-Sa'ib said t hat Abu ` Abdur-Rahman As-Sulami said t hat Ibn Mas` ud said t hat t he Prophet said,

ユ͡ Β͡ィゲ∠ ャや ラ ͡ ゅ∠トΒｚゼャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» «ヮ͡ ん͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ガ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ ゴ͡ ∇ヨワ∠ ヱ∠ (O Allah! I seek refuge wit h You from t he cursed devil, from his Hamz, Nafkh and Naft h.) He said, "The Hamz means deat h, t he Nafkh means arrogance, and t he Naft h means poet ry.''

Seeking Refuge with Allah when One is Angry In his Musnad, Al-Hafiz Abu Ya` la Ahmad bin ` Ali bin Al-Mut hanna Al-Mawsili report ed t hat Ubayy bin Ka` b said, "Two men disput ed wit h each ot her in t he presence of t he Messenger of Allah and t he nose of one of t hem became swollen because of ext reme anger. The Messenger of Allah said,

:ギ⊥ イ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ょ ∠ ワ∠ グ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ホ ∇ヲャ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハほ∠ャ∠ ヶあルま͡» «ユ͡ Β͡ィゲｚ ャや ラ ͡ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ (I know of some words t hat if he said t hem, what he feels will go away, 'I seek refuge wit h Allah from t he cursed Sat an.')'' An-Nasa'i also recorded t his Hadit h in his book, Al-Yawm wal-Laylah. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Sulayman bin Surad said, "Two men disput ed in t he presence of t he Prophet while we were sit t ing wit h him. One of t hem was cursing t he ot her fellow and his face t urned red due t o anger. The Prophet said,

∇ヲャ∠ ∩⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ょ ∠ ワ∠ グ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ゅ∠ホ ∇ヲャ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハほ∠ャ∠ ヶあルま͡» «ユ͡ Β͡ィゲｚ ャや ラ ͡ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ (I know of a st at ement which if he said it , will make what he feels disappear, ` I seek refuge wit h Allah from t he cursed Sat an.') They said t o t he man, ` Do you not hear what t he Messenger of Allah is saying' He said, ` I am not insane.''' Also, Muslim, Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i recorded t his Hadit h. There are many ot her Hadit hs about seeking refuge wit h Allah. One can find t his subj ect in t he books on supplicat ion and t he virt ues of right eous, good deeds

Is the Isti` adhah (seeking Refuge) required The maj orit y of t he scholars st at e t hat recit ing t he Ist i` adhah (in t he prayer and when recit ing t he Qur'an) is recommended and not required, and t herefore, not recit ing it does not const it ut e a sin. However, Ar-Razi recorded t hat ` At a' bin Abi Rabah said t hat t he Ist i` adhah is required in t he prayer and when one reads t he Qur'an. In support of ` At a's st at ement , Ar-Razi relied upon t he apparent meaning of t he Ayah,

び∇グバ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ (Then seek refuge.) He said t hat t he Ayah cont ains a command t hat requires implement at ion. Also, t he Prophet always said t he Ist i` adhah. In addit ion, t he Ist i` adhah wards off t he evil of Sat an, which is neccessary, t he rule is t hat t he means needed t o implement a requirement of t he religion is it self also required. And when one says, "I seek refuge wit h Allah from t he cursed devil.'' Then t his will suffice.

Virtues of the Isti` adhah

The Ist i` adhah cleanses t he mout h from t he foul speech t hat it has indulged in. It also purifies t he mout h and prepares it t o recit e t he speech of Allah. Furt her, t he Ist i` adhah ent ails seeking Allah's help and acknowledging His abilit y t o do everyt hing. The Ist i` adhah also affirms t he servant 's meekness, weakness and inabilit y t o face t he enemy of his inner evil, whom Allah alone, Who creat ed t his enemy, is able t o repel and defeat . This enemy does not accept kindness, unlike t he human enemy. There are t hree Ayat in t he Qur'an t hat affirm t his fact . Also, Allah said,

マ ∠ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ∀リ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ン͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ (Verily, My servant s (i.e. t he t rue believers of Islamic Monot heism) t hem. And sufficient is your Lord as a Guardian.) (17:65).

you have no aut horit y over

We should st at e here t hat t he believers, whom t he human enemies kill, become mart yrs, while t hose who fall vict im t o t he inner enemy - Sat an - become bandit s. Furt her, t he believers who are defeat ed by t he apparent enemy - disbelievers - gain a reward, while t hose defeat ed by t he inner enemy earn a sin and become misguided. Since Sat an sees man where man cannot see him, it is befit t ing t hat t he believers seek refuge from Sat an wit h Whom Sat an cannot see. The Ist i` adhah is a form of drawing closer t o Allah and seeking refuge wit h Him from t he evil of every evil creat ure.

What does Isti` adhah mean Ist i` adhah means, "I seek refuge wit h Allah from t he cursed Sat an so t hat he is prevent ed from affect ing my religious or worldly affairs, or hindering me from adhering t o what I was commanded, or luring me int o what I was prohibit ed from.'' Indeed, only Allah is able t o prevent t he evil of Sat an from t ouching t he son of Adam. This is why Allah allowed us t o be lenient and kind wit h t he human devil, so t hat his soft nat ure might cause him t o refrain from t he evil he is indulging in. However, Allah required us t o seek refuge wit h Him from t he evil of Sat an, because he neit her accept s bribes nor does kindness affect him, for he is pure evil. Thus, only He Who creat ed Sat an is able t o st op his evil. This meaning is reit erat ed in only t hree Ayat in t he Qur'an. Allah said in Surat Al-A` raf,

リ ͡ハ ∠ チ͡ゲ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ フ ͡ ∇ゲバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ゲョ⊥ ∇ぺヱ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ヘバ∠ ∇ャや グ͡ カ ⊥ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや (Show forgiveness, enj oin what is good, and t urn away from t he foolish (i.e. don't punish t hem).) (7:199) This is about dealing wit h human beings. He t hen said in t he same Surah,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇グバ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∀パ∇ゴ∠ル リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ レｚ ビ ∠ ゴ∠ レ∠ Α∠ ゅョｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨ∠シ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ (And if an evil whisper comes t o you from Shayt an, t hen seek refuge wit h Allah. Verily, He is Hearing, Knowing (7: 200).) Allah also said in Surat Al-Mu'minun,

ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ る∠ ゃ∠ Βあ ジ ｚ ャや リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ ∇ノプ∠ ∇キやぴ れ ͡ や∠ゴヨ∠ ワ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ゆ あ ケｚ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ Α∠ びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲツ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ゆ あ ケ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ヱ∠ - リ ͡ Β͡ト⇒Βｚゼャや (Repel evil wit h t hat which is bet t er. We are Best -Acquaint ed wit h t he t hings t hey ut t er. And say: "My Lord! I seek refuge wit h You from t he whisperings (suggest ions) of t he Shayat in (devils). And I seek refuge wit h You, My Lord! lest t hey should come near me.'' (23:96-98).) Furt her, Allah said in Surat As-Saj dah,

ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ ∇ノプ∠ ∇キや る⊥ ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ ｘ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∀り∠ヱや∠ギ∠ハ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠クみ͡プ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ べ∠ワゅｚボヤ∠Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ワゅｚボヤ∠Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヨェ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ レｚ ビ ∠ ゴ∠ レ∠Α ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ナ あェ ∠ ヱ⊥ク Ι ｚ ま͡ び ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇グバ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∀パ∇ゴ∠ル (The good deed and t he evil deed cannot be equal. Repel (t he evil) wit h one which is bet t er, t hen verily he, bet ween whom and you t here was enmit y, (will become) as t hough he was a close friend. But none is grant ed it (t he above qualit y) except t hose who are pat ient and none is grant ed it except t he owner of t he great port ion (of happiness in t he Hereaft er, i.e. Paradise and of a high moral charact er) in t his world. And if an evil whisper from Shayt an t ries t o t urn you away (from doing good), t hen seek refuge in Allah. Verily, He is t he Hearing, t he Knowing) (41:34-36).

Why the Devil is called Shaytan

In t he Arabic language, Shayt an is derived from Shat ana, which means t he far t hing. Hence, t he Shayt an has a different nat ure t han mankind, and his sinful ways are far away from every t ype of right eousness. It was also said t hat Shayt an is derived from Shat a, (lit erally ` burned'), because it was creat ed from fire. Some scholars said t hat bot h meanings are correct , alt hough t hey st at e t hat t he first meaning is more plausible. Furt her, Siybawayh (t he renowned Arab linguist ic) said, "The Arabs say, ` So-and-so has Tashayt an,' when he commit s t he act of t he devils. If Shayt an was derived from Shat a, t hey would have said, Tashayyat a (rat her t han Tashayt an).'' Hence, Shayt an is derived from t he word t hat means, far away. This is why t hey call t hose who are rebellious (or mischievous) from among t he Jinns and mankind a ` Shayt an'. Allah said,

ザ ͡ ∇ルΗ ͡や リ ∠ Β͡ト⇒∠Βセ ∠ や⇔ヱ∂ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヴ ｙ ら͡ ル͡ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや フ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇カコ⊥ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥Α リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ びや⇔ケヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ (And so We have appoint ed for every Prophet enemies Shayat in (devils) among mankind and Jinn, inspiring one anot her wit h adorned speech as a delusion (or by way of decept ion)) (6:112). In addit ion, t he Musnad by Imam Ahmad records t hat Abu Dharr said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ͡ ∇ルみ͡∇ャや ͡リΒ͡デゅ∠Β∠セ ∇リョ͡ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ∇クヲｚ バ∠ ゎ∠ ケ∠ ク∠ ゅ∠よ∠ぺ ゅ∠Α» (O Abu Dharr! Seek refuge wit h Allah from t he devils of mankind and t he Jinns.) Abu Dharr said, "I asked him , ` Are t here human devils' He said, (Yes.)'' Furt hermore, it is recorded in Sahih Muslim t hat Abu Dharr said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«キ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇シほ∠∇ャや ょ ⊥ ∇ヤム∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヨエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ り⊥ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや り∠ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ノ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ » (The woman, t he donkey and t he black dog int errupt t he prayer (if t hey pass in front of t hose who do not pray behind a Sut rah, i.e. a barrier).) Abu Dharr said, "I said, ` What is t he difference bet ween t he black dog and t he red or yellow dog' He said,

«∀ラゅ∠ト∇Βセ ∠ キ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇シほ∠∇ャや ょ ⊥ ∇ヤム∠ ∇ャや» (The black dog is a devil.).'' Also, Ibn Jarir At -Tabari recorded t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab once rode a Bert hawn (huge camel) which st art ed t o proceed arrogant ly. ` Umar kept st riking t he animal, but t he animal kept walking in an arrogant manner. ` Umar dismount ed t he animal and said, "By Allah! You

have carried me on a Shayt an. I did not come down from it unt il aft er I had felt somet hing st range in my heart .'' This Hadit h has an aut hent ic chain of narrat ors.

The Meaning of Ar-Rajim Ar-Raj im means, being expelled from all t ypes of right eousness. Allah said,

ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ウ ∠ Β͡ら⇒∠ダヨ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅｚレΑｚ コ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ͡ Β͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ヤあャ ゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ィケ⊥ (And indeed We have adorned t he nearest heaven wit h lamps, and We have made such lamps Ruj uman (as missiles) t o drive away t he Shayat in (devils)) (67:5). Allah also said,

ゅ⇔ヌ∇ヘェ ͡ ヱ∠ - ょ ͡ ミ͡ ヲ∠ ム∠ ∇ャや る∃ レ∠ Α͡ゴよ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅｚレΑｚ コ∠ ゅｚル͡まぴ Θ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨｚ ジ ｚ Α∠ Ι ｚ - キ∃ ケ͡ ゅｚョ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇Βセ ∠ あモミ⊥ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ェキ⊥ - ょ ∃ ル͡ ゅ∠ィ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プグ∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ｘや ヮ⊥ バ∠ ら∠ ∇ゎほ∠プ∠ る∠ ヘ∠ ∇トガ ∠ ∇ャや ブ ∠ ト ͡カ ∠ ∇リョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ∀ょ͡タや∠ヱ ∀ゆやグ∠ハ び ∀ょ͡ホゅ∠を ∀ゆゅ∠ヰセ ͡ (Verily, We have adorned t he near heaven wit h t he st ars (for beaut y). And t o guard against every rebellious devil. They cannot list en t o t he higher group (angels) for t hey are pelt ed from every side. Out cast , and t heirs is a const ant (or painful) t orment . Except such as snat ch away somet hing by st ealing, and t hey are pursued by a flaming fire of piercing bright ness) (37:6-10). Furt her, Allah said,

リ ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ͡ ⇒ｚレヤ͡ャ ゅ∠ヰ⇒ｚレΑｚ コ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ィヱ⊥ゲよ⊥ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ ͡ ョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ユ∃ Β͡ィケｚ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇Βセ ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヌヘ͡ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゆゅ∠ヰセ ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ら∠ ∇ゎほ∠プ∠ ノ∠ ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや ベ ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇シや

(And indeed, We have put t he big st ars in t he heaven and We beaut ified it for t he beholders. And We have guarded it (near heaven) from every Shayt an Raj im (out cast Shayt an). Except him (devil) who st eals t he hearing t hen he is pursued by a clear flaming fire.) (15:16-18). There are several similar Ayat . It was also said t hat Raj im means, t he person who t hrows or bombards t hings, because t he devil t hrows doubt s and evil t hought s in people's heart s. The first meaning is more popular and accurat e.

Bismillah is the First Ayah of Al-Fatihah The Companions st art ed t he Book of Allah wit h Bismillah:

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ (1. In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.) The scholars also agree t hat Bismillah is a part of an Ayah in Surat An-Naml (chapt er 27). They disagree over whet her it is a separat e Ayah before every Surah, or if it is an Ayah, or a part of an Ayah, included in every Surah where t he Bismillah appears in it s beginning. Ad-Daraqut ni also recorded a Hadit h from Abu Hurayrah from t he Prophet t hat support s t his Hadit h by Ibn Khuzaymah. Also, similar st at ement s were at t ribut ed t o ` Ali, Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers. The opinion t hat Bismillah is an Ayah of every Surah, except Al-Bara'ah (chapt er 9), was at t ribut ed t o (t he Companions) Ibn ` Abbas, Ibn ` Umar, Ibn Az-Zubayr, Abu Hurayrah and ` Ali. This opinion was also at t ribut ed t o t he Tabi` in: ` At a', Tawus, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Makhul and AzZuhri. This is also t he view of ` Abdullah bin Al-Mubarak, Ash-Shafi` i, Ahmad bin Hanbal, (in one report from him) Ishaq bin Rahwayh and Abu ` Ubayd Al-Qasim bin Salam. On t he ot her hand, Malik, Abu Hanifah and t heir followers said t hat Bismillah is not an Ayah in Al-Fat ihah or any ot her Surah. Dawud said t hat it is a separat e Ayah in t he beginning of every Surah, not part of t he Surah it self, and t his opinion was also at t ribut ed t o Ahmad bin Hanbal.

Basmalah aloud in the Prayer As for Basmalah aloud during t he prayer, t hose who did not agree t hat it is a part of Al-Fat ihah, st at e t hat t he Basmalah should not be aloud. The scholars who st at ed t hat Bismillah is a part of every Surah (except chapt er 9) had different opinions; some of t hem, such as Ash-Shafi` i, said t hat one should recit e Bismillah wit h Al-Fat ihah aloud. This is also t he opinion of many among t he Companions, t he Tabi` in and t he Imams of Muslims from t he Salaf and t he lat er generat ions. For inst ance, t his is t he opinion of Abu Hurayrah, Ibn ` Umar, Ibn ` Abbas, Mu` awiyah, ` Umar and ` Ali - according t o Ibn ` Abdul-Barr and Al-Bayhaqi. Also, t he Four Khalifahs - as Al-Khat ib report ed - were said t o have held t his view alt hough t he report from t hem is cont radict ed. The Tabi` in scholars who gave t his Tafsir include Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Ikrimah, Abu Qilabah, Az-Zuhri, ` Ali bin Al-Hasan, his son Muhammad, Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib, ` At a', Tawus, Muj ahid, Salim, Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi, Abu Bakr bin Muhammad bin ` Amr bin Hazm, Abu Wa'il, Ibn Sirin, Muhammad bin Al-Munkadir, ` Ali bin ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas, his son Muhammad, Nafi` t he freed slave of Ibn ` Umar, Zayd bin Aslam, ` Umar bin ` Abdul-Aziz, Al-Azraq bin Qays, Habib bin Abi Thabit , Abu Ash-Sha` t ha', Makhul and ` Abdullah bin Ma` qil bin Muqarrin. Also, Al-Bayhaqi added ` Abdullah bin Safwan, and Muhammad bin AlHanafiyyah t o t his list . In addit ion, Ibn ` Abdul-Barr added ` Amr bin Dinar.

The proof t hat t hese scholars relied on is t hat , since Bismillah is a part of Al-Fat ihah, it should be recit ed aloud like t he rest of Al-Fat ihah. Also, An-Nasa'i recorded in his Sunan, Ibn Hibban and Ibn Khuzaymah in t heir Sahihs and Al-Hakim in t he Must adrak, t hat Abu Hurayrah once performed t he prayer and recit ed Bismillah aloud. Aft er he finished t he prayer, he said, "Among you, I perform t he prayer t hat is t he closest t o t he prayer of t he Messenger of Allah .'' Ad-Daraqut ni, Al-Khat ib and Al-Bayhaqi graded t his Hadit h Sahih Furt hermore, in Sahih AlBukhari it is recorded t hat Anas bin Malik was asked about t he recit at ion of t he Prophet . He said, "His recit at ion was unhurried.'' He t hen demonst rat ed t hat and recit ed, while lengt hening t he recit at ion of Bismillah Ar-Rahman Ar-Rahim, Also, in t he Musnad of Imam Ahmad, t he Sunan of Abu Dawud, t he Sahih of Ibn Hibban and t he Must adrak of Al-Hakim - it is recorded t hat Umm Salamah said, "The Messenger of Allah used t o dist inguish each Ayah during his recit at ion,

ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや - ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ びリ ͡ Αあギャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ͡ ヤ͡⇒∠ョ - ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや (In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful. All praise and t hanks be t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful. The Owner of t he Day of Recompense.)'' Ad-Daraqut ni graded t he chain of narrat ion for t his Hadit h Sahih Furt hermore, Imam Abu ` Abdullah Ash-Shafi` i and Al-Hakim in his Must adrak, recorded t hat Mu` awiyah led t he prayer in Al-Madinah and did not recit e t he Bismillah. The Muhaj irin who were present at t hat prayer crit icized t hat . When Mu` awiyah led t he following prayer, he recit ed t he Bismillah aloud. The Hadit hs ment ioned above provide sufficient proof for t he opinion t hat t he Bismillah is recit ed aloud. As for t he opposing evidences and t he scient ific analysis of t he narrat ions ment ioned t heir weaknesses or ot herwise it is not our desire t o discuss t his subj ect at t his t ime. Ot her scholars st at ed t hat t he Bismillah should not be recit ed aloud in t he prayer, and t his is t he est ablished pract ice of t he Four Khalifahs, as well as ` Abdullah bin Mughaffal and several scholars among t he Tabi` in and lat er generat ions. It is also t he Madhhab (view) of Abu Hanifah, At h-Thawri and Ahmad bin Hanbal. Imam Malik st at ed t hat t he Bismillah is not recit ed aloud or silent ly. This group based t heir view upon what Imam Muslim recorded t hat ` A'ishah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o st art t he prayer by recit ing t he Takbir (Allahu Akbar; Allah is Great er) and t hen recit e,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (All praise and t hanks be t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s.) (Ibn Abi Hat im 1:12). Also, t he Two Sahihs recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said, "I prayed behind t he Prophet , Abu Bakr, ` Umar and ` Ut hman and t hey used t o st art t heir prayer wit h,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (All praise and t hanks be t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s.) Muslim added, "And t hey did not ment ion,

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ (In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful) whet her in t he beginning or t he end of t he recit at ion.'' Similar is recorded in t he Sunan books from ` Abdullah bin Mughaffal, may Allah be pleased wit h him. These are t he opinions held by t he respect ed Imams, and t heir st at ement s are similar in t hat t hey agree t hat t he prayer of t hose who recit e Al-Fat ihah aloud or in secret is correct . All t he favor is from Allah.

The Virtue of Al-Fatihah Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad, t hat a person who was riding behind t he Prophet said, "The Prophet 's animal t ripped, so I said, ` Cursed Shayt an.' The Prophet said,

ザ ∠ バ͡ ゎ∠ :ろ ∠ ∇ヤホ⊥ や∠クま͡ マ ∠ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ラゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ザ ∠ バ͡ ゎ∠ :∇モボ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮわ⊥ ∇ハゲ∠ タ ∠ ヶ͡ゎヲｚ ボ⊥ よ͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ユ∠ ニ ∠ ゅ∠バゎ∠ ∩⊥ラゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ゲ∠ Β͡ダΑ∠ ヴわ∠ェ ゲ∠ ビ ∠ ゅ∠ダゎ∠ ぶ ͡ や ユ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ :ろ ∠ ∇ヤホ⊥ «ゆ ͡ ゅ∠よグ⊥ ャや (Do not say, 'Cursed Shayt an,' for if you say t hese words, Sat an becomes arrogant and says, 'Wit h my st rengt h I made him fall.' When you say, 'Bismillah,' Sat an will become as small as a fly.) Furt her, An-Nasa'i recorded in his book Al-Yawm wal-Laylah, and also Ibn Marduwyah in his Tafsir t hat Usamah bin ` Umayr said, "I was riding behind t he Prophet ...'' and he ment ioned t he rest of t he above Hadit h. The Prophet said in t his narrat ion,

∩͡ろ∇Βら∠ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ユ⊥ ∠ニゅ∠バ∠わ∠Α ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ や∠グム∠ ワ ∇モボ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゲ⊥ ピ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルみ∠プ ∩͡ぶや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ :∇モホ⊥ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ «る͡ よ∠ ゅ∠よグ⊥ ャゅ∠ミ (Do not say t hese words, because t hen Sat an becomes larger; as large as a house. Rat her, say, 'Bismillah,' because Sat an t hen becomes as small as a fly.) This is t he blessing of recit ing Bismillah.

Basmalah is recommended before performing any Deed Basmalah (recit ing Bismillah) is recommended before st art ing any act ion or deed. For inst ance, Basmalah is recommended before st art ing a Khut bah (speech). The Basmalah is also recommended before one ent ers t he place where he want s t o relieve himself, t here is a Hadit h concerning t his pract ice. Furt her, Basmalah is recommended at t he beginning of ablut ion, for Imam Ahmad and t he Sunan compilers recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, Sa` id bin Zayd and Abu Sa` id narrat ed from t he Prophet ,

«ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ユ∠ ∇シや ゲ͡ ミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ￢∠ ヲ⊥ッヱ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» (There is no valid ablut ion for he who did not ment ion Allah's Name in it .) This Hadit h is Hasan (good). Also, t he Basmalah is recommended before eat ing, for Muslim recorded in his Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t o ` Umar bin Abi Salamah while he was a child under his care,

«マ ∠ Β͡ヤΑ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇モミ⊥ ヱ∠ マ ∠ レ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ ∇モミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ∇モホ⊥ » (Say Bismillah, eat wit h your right hand and eat from what ever is next t o you.) Some of t he scholars st at ed t hat Basmalah before eat ing is obligat ory. Basmalah before having sexual int ercourse is also recommended. The Two Sahihs recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ヶ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠» ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ょ ͡ レあ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇らレあ ィ ∠ ｚユヰ⊥ ヤ∠ャや ぶ ͡ や

ロ⊥ ｚゲツ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ケギｚ ボ∠ Α⊥ ∇ラま͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み∠プ∩ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ «や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや (If anyone of you before having sexual relat ions wit h his wife says, 'In t he Name of Allah. O Allah! Prot ect us from Sat an and also prot ect what you grant us (meaning t he coming offspring) from Sat an,' and if it is dest ined t hat t hey should have a child t hen, Sat an will never be able t o harm t hat child.)

The Meaning of "Allah Allah is t he Name of t he Lord, t he Exalt ed. It is said t hat Allah is t he Great est Name of Allah, because it is referred t o when describing Allah by t he various at t ribut es. For inst ance, Allah said,

ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠ハ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ Ι ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ - ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ り͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ⇒∠ヤジ ｚ ャや サ ⊥ ヱぁギボ⊥ ∇ャや マ ⊥ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ゲ⊥ らあ ム∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ケ⊥ ゅｚらイ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや リ ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇Βヰ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ケ⊥ あヲダ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⊥ ン͡ケゅ∠ら∇ャや ペ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ガ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ Α⊥ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⊥ べ∠ヨ∇シΙ ｘや び ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ (He is Allah, beside Whom La ilaha illa Huwa (none has t he right t o be worshipped but He) t he Knower of t he unseen and t he seen. He is t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful. He is Allah, beside Whom La ilaha illa Huwa, t he King, t he Holy, t he One free from all defect s, t he Giver of securit y, t he Wat cher over His creat ures, t he Almight y, t he Compeller, t he Supreme. Glory be t o Allah! (High is He) above all t hat t hey associat e as part ners wit h Him. He is Allah, t he Creat or, t he Invent or of all t hings, t he Best ower of forms. To Him belong t he Best Names. All t hat is in t he heavens and t he eart h glorify Him. And He is t he Almight y, t he Wise) (59:22-24). Hence, Allah ment ioned several of His Names as At t ribut es for His Name Allah. Similarly, Allah said,

びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇キゅ∠プ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⊥ べ∠ヨ∇シΕ ∠ や ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ (And (all) t he Most Beaut iful Names belong t o Allah, so call on Him by t hem) (7:180), and,

∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅｚョ ゅ６Α∠ぺ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ びヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇シΙ ｘ や ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ (Say (O Muhammad :) "Invoke Allah or invoke t he Most Gracious (Allah), by what ever name you invoke Him (it is t he same), for t o Him belong t he Best Names.'') (17:110) Also, t he Two Sahihs recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇リョ∠ ∩や⇔ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ ゅ∠ャま͡ る⇔ も∠ ゅ͡ョ ∩ゅ⇔ヨ∇シや リ ∠ Β͡バ∇ジゎ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ バ∠ ∇ジゎ͡ ぶ ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡» «る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ゅワ∠ ゅ∠ダ∇ェぺ∠ (Allah has ninet y-nine Names, one hundred minus one, whoever count s (and preserves) t hem, will ent er Paradise.) These Names were ment ioned in a Hadit h recorded by At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah, and t here are several differences bet ween t hese t wo narrat ions.

The Meaning of Ar-Rahman Ar-Rahim - the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful Ar-Rahman and Ar-Rahim are t wo names derived from Ar-Rahmah (t he mercy), but Rahman has more meanings t hat pert ain t o mercy t han Ar-Rahim. There is a st at ement by Ibn Jarir t hat indicat es t hat t here is a consensus on t his meaning. Furt her, Al-Qurt ubi said, "The proof t hat t hese names are derived (from Ar-Rahmah), is what At -Tirmidhi recorded - and graded Sahih from ` Abdur-Rahman bin ` Awf t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

ユ∠ ェ ͡ ゲｚ ャや ろ ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ リ ⊥ ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ :ヴャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ» ゅ∠ヰヤ∠タ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩ヶ͡ヨ∇シや リ ͡ ョ͡ ゅ⇔ヨ∇シや ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ろ ⊥ ∇ボボ∠ セ ∠ ヱ∠ «ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇バト ∠ ホ∠ ゅヰ∠バト ∠ ホ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヤタ ∠ ヱ∠ (Allah t he Exalt ed said, 'I Am Ar-Rahman. I creat ed t he Raham (womb, i.e. family relat ions) and derived a name for it from My Name. Hence, whoever keeps it , I will keep t ies t o him, and whoever severs it , I will sever t ies wit h him.') He t hen said, "This is a t ext t hat indicat es t he

derivat ion.'' He t hen said, "The Arabs denied t he name Ar-Rahman, because of t heir ignorance about Allah and His at t ribut es.'' Al-Qurt ubi said, "It was said t hat bot h Ar-Rahman and Ar-Rahim have t he same meaning, such as t he words Nadman and Nadim, as Abu ` Ubayd has st at ed. Abu ` Ali Al-Farisi said, ` ArRahman, which is exclusively for Allah, is a name t hat encompasses every t ype of mercy t hat Allah has. Ar-Rahim is what effect s t he believers, for Allah said,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And He is ever Rahim (merciful) t o t he believers.)' (33:43) Also, Ibn ` Abbas said - about ArRahman and Ar-Rahim, ` They are t wo soft names, one of t hem is soft er t han t he ot her (meaning it carries more implicat ions of mercy).''' Ibn Jarir said; As-Surri bin Yahya At -Tamimi narrat ed t o me t hat ` Ut hman bin Zufar relat ed t hat Al-` Azrami said about Ar-Rahman and Ar-Rahim, "He is Ar-Rahman wit h all creat ion and ArRahim wit h t he believers.'' Hence. Allah's st at ement s,

びリ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ヲわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then He rose over (Ist awa) t he Throne (in a manner t hat suit s His maj est y), Ar-Rahman) (25:59),) and,

び ン∠ヲ∠わ∇シや ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャやぴ (Ar-Rahman (Allah) rose over (Ist awa) t he (Might y) Throne (in a manner t hat suit s His maj est y).) (20:5) Allah t hus ment ioned t he Ist awa - rising over t he Throne - along wit h His Name Ar-Rahman, t o indicat e t hat His mercy encompasses all of His creat ion. Allah also said,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And He is ever Rahim (merciful) t o t he believers), t hus encompassing t he believers wit h His Name Ar-Rahim. They said, "This t est ifies t o t he fact t hat Ar-Rahman carries a broader scope of meanings pert aining t o t he mercy of Allah wit h His creat ion in bot h lives. Meanwhile, Ar-Rahim is exclusively for t he believers.'' Yet , we should ment ion t hat t here is a supplicat ion t hat reads,

«ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ヨ∠ Β͡ェケ∠ ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡ べ∇ャや∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや リ ∠ ヨ∇ェケ∠ » (The Rahman and t he Rahim of t his life and t he Hereaft er) Allah's Name Ar-Rahman is exclusively His. For inst ance, Allah said,

∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅｚョ ゅ６Α∠ぺ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ びヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇シΙ ｘ や ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ (Say (O Muhammad ): "Invoke Allah or invoke Ar-Rahman (Allah), by what ever name you invoke Him (it is t he same), for t o Him belong t he Best Names) (17:110),) and,

ゅレ∠ ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠レ͡ヤシ ⊥ ケぁ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇モゃ∇シや∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら∠ ∇バΑ⊥ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ (And ask (O Muhammad ) t hose of Our Messengers whom We sent before you: "Did We ever appoint alihah (gods) t o be worshipped besides Ar-Rahman (Most Gracious, Allah)'') (43:45). Furt her, when Musaylimah t he Liar called himself t he Rahman of Yamamah, Allah made him known by t he name ` Liar' and exposed him. Hence, whenever Musaylimah is ment ioned, he is described as ` t he Liar'. He became an example for lying among t he resident s of t he cit ies and villages and t he resident s of t he desert s, t he bedouins. Therefore, Allah first ment ioned His Name - Allah - t hat is exclusively His and described t his Name by Ar-Rahman, which no one else is allowed t o use, j ust as Allah said,

∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅｚョ ゅ６Α∠ぺ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ びヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇シΙ ｘ や ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ (Say (O Muhammad ): "Invoke Allah or invoke Ar-Rahman (Allah), by what ever name you invoke Him (it is t he same), for t o Him belong t he Best Names.'') (17:110) Only Musaylimah and t hose who followed his misguided ways described Musaylimah by ArRahman. As for Allah's Name Ar-Rahim, Allah has described ot hers by it . For inst ance, Allah said,

ゅョ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ケ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ゾΑ͡ゲェ ∠ ∇ユわぁ レ͡ ハ ∠ (Verily, t here has come unt o you a Messenger (Muhammad ) from amongst yourselves (i.e. whom you know well). It grieves him t hat you should receive any inj ury or difficult y. He

(Muhammad ) is anxious over you (t o be right ly guided) for t he believers (he is) kind (full of pit y), and Rahim (merciful)) (9:128). Allah has also described some of His creat ion using some of His ot her Names. For inst ance, Allah said,

͡ヮΒ͡ヤ∠わ∇らルｚ ァ ∃ ゅ∠ゼ∇ョぺ∠ る∃ ヘ∠ ∇トルぁ リ͡ョ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ゅｚル͡まぴ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ (Verily, We have creat ed man from Nut fah (drops) of mixed semen (sexual discharge of man and woman), in order t o t ry him, so We made him hearer (Sami` ) and seer (Basir) (76:2). In conclusion, t here are several of Allah's Names t hat are used as names for ot hers besides Allah. Furt her, some of Allah's Names are exclusive for Allah alone, such as Allah, Ar-Rahman, Al-Khaliq (t he Creat or), Ar-Raziq (t he Sust ainer), and so fort h. Hence, Allah st art ed t he Tasmiyah (meaning, ` In t he Name of Allah, Most Gracious Most Merciful') wit h His Name, Allah, and described Himself as Ar-Rahman, (Most Gracious) which is soft er and more general t han Ar-Rahim. The most honorable Names are ment ioned first , j ust as Allah did here. A Hadit h narrat ed by Umm Salamah st at ed t hat t he recit at ion of t he Messenger of Allah was slow and clear, let t er by let t er,

ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや - ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ びリ ͡ Αあギャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ͡ ヤ͡⇒∠ョ - ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや (In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful. All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s. The Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful. The Owner of t he Day of Recompense) (1:1-4). And t his is how a group of scholars recit e it . Ot hers connect ed t he recit at ion of t he Tasmiyah t o Al-Hamd.

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (2. Al-Hamd be t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s.)

The Meaning of Al-Hamd Abu Ja` far bin Jarir said, "The meaning of

びヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (Al-Hamdu Lillah) (all praise and t hanks be t o Allah) is: all t hanks are due purely t o Allah, alone, not any of t he obj ect s t hat are being worshipped inst ead of Him, nor any of His creat ion. These t hanks are due t o Allah's innumerable favors and bount ies, t hat only He knows t he amount of. Allah's bount ies include creat ing t he t ools t hat help t he creat ion worship Him, t he physical bodies wit h which t hey are able t o implement His commands, t he sust enance t hat He provides t hem in t his life, and t he comfort able life He has grant ed t hem, wit hout anyt hing or anyone compelling Him t o do so. Allah also warned His creat ion and alert ed t hem about t he means and met hods wit h which t hey can earn et ernal dwelling in t he residence of everlast ing happiness. All t hanks and praise are due t o Allah for t hese favors from beginning t o end.'' Furt her, Ibn Jarir comment ed on t he Ayah,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (Al-Hamdu Lillah), t hat it means, "A praise t hat Allah praised Himself wit h, indicat ing t o His servant s t hat t hey t oo should praise Him, as if Allah had said, ` Say: All t hanks and praise is due t o Allah.' It was said t hat t he st at ement ,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (All praise and t hanks be t o Allah), ent ails praising Allah by ment ioning His most beaut iful Names and most honorable At t ribut es. When one proclaims, ` All t hanks are due t o Allah,' he will be t hanking Him for His favors and bount ies.''

The Difference between Praise and Thanks Hamd is more general, in t hat it is a st at ement of praise for one's charact erist ics, or for what he has done. Thanks are given for what was done, not merely for charact erist ics.

The Statements of the Salaf about Al-Hamd Hafs ment ioned t hat ` Umar said t o ` Ali, "We know La ilaha illallah, Subhan Allah and Allahu Akbar. What about Al-Hamdu Lillah'' ` Ali said, "A st at ement t hat Allah liked for Himself, was pleased wit h for Himself and He likes t hat it be repeat ed.'' Also, Ibn ` Abbas said, "Al-Hamdu Lillah is t he st at ement of appreciat ion. When t he servant says Al-Hamdu Lillah, Allah says, ` My servant has praised Me.'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t his Hadit h

The Virtues of Al-Hamd Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal recorded t hat Al-Aswad bin Sari` said, "I said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Should I recit e t o you words of praise for My Lord, t he Exalt ed, t hat I have collect ed' He said,

«ギ∠ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ョぺ∠» (Verily, your Lord likes Al-Hamd.)'' An-Nasa'i also recorded t his Hadit h. Furt hermore, Abu ` Isa At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah recorded t hat Musa bin Ibrahim bin Kat hir relat ed t hat Talhah bin Khirash said t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

￢͡ ゅ∠ハギぁ ャや モ ⊥ツ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ぶや ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ャ ゲ͡ ∇ミグあ ャや モ ⊥ツ ∠ ∇プぺ∠» «ぶ͡キギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや (The best Dhikr (remembering Allah) is La ilaha illallah and t he best supplicat ion is Al-Hamdu Lillah.) At -Tirmidhi said t hat t his Hadit h is Hasan Gharib. Also, Ibn Maj ah recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅｚャま͡ ∩͡ぶ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ギ∃ ∇らハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ユ∠ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ» «グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ モ ∠ツ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ヴ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ (No servant is blessed by Allah and says,` Al-Hamdu Lillah', except t hat what he was given is bet t er t han t hat which he has himself acquired.) Furt her, in his Sunan, Ibn Maj ah recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ヨ∠ミ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α:メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ぶ ͡ や キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ∇ろヤ∠ツ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ .マ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ユ͡ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ヤイ ∠ ャ͡ ヶ͡ピら∠ ∇レΑ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ャま͡ や∠ギバ͡ ダ ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰル͡ ゅ∠らわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ゅ∠Αケ͡ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βム∠ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヵ͡ケ∇ギル∠ ゅ∠ャ る⇔ ャ∠ゅ∠ボョ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ギホ∠ や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α :ゅ∠ャゅ∠ボプ∠ や∠クゅ∠ョ :ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇らハ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ぶや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩ゅ∠ヰら⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムル∠ ゅ∠Α ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α :ゅ∠ャゅ∠ホ ∨ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ

.マ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ユ͡ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ヤイ ∠ ャ͡ ヶ͡ピら∠ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ∠ワゅ∠らわ⊥ ∇ミや :ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∠ャ ぶ ⊥ や メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ «.ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヮ͡ Α͡ゴ∇ィほ∠プ∠ ヶ͡ルゅ∠ボ∇ヤΑ∠ (A servant of Allah once said, ` O Allah! Yours is t he Hamd t hat is suit able for t he grace of Your Face and t he great ness of Your Supreme Aut horit y.' The t wo angels were confused as t o how t o writ e t hese words. They ascended t o Allah and said, ` O our Lord! A servant has j ust ut t ered a st at ement and we are unsure how t o record it for him.' Allah said while having more knowledge in what His servant has said, 'What did My servant say' They said, ` He said, ` O Allah! Yours is t he Hamd t hat is suit able for t he grace of Your Face and t he great ness of Your Supreme Aut horit y.' Allah said t o t hem, ` Writ e it as My servant has said it , unt il he meet s Me and t hen I shall reward him for it .)

Al before Hamd encompasses all Types of Thanks and Appreciation for Allah The let t ers Alif and Lam before t he word Hamd serve t o encompass all t ypes of t hanks and appreciat ion for Allah, t he Exalt ed. A Hadit h st at ed,

ポ ∠ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮヤぁミ⊥ マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮヤぁミ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» «ヮ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョほ∠∇ャや ノ⊥ ィ ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮヤぁミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや (O Allah! All of Al-Hamd is due t o You, You own all t he ownership, all t ypes of good are in Your Hand and all affairs belong t o You.)

The Meaning of Ar-Rabb, the Lord Ar-Rabb is t he owner who has full aut horit y over his propert y. Ar-Rabb, linguist ically means, t he mast er or t he one who has t he aut horit y t o lead. All of t hese meanings are correct for Allah. When it is alone, t he word Rabb is used only for Allah. As for ot her t han Allah, it can be used t o say Rabb Ad-Dar, t he mast er of such and such obj ect . Furt her, it was report ed t hat ArRabb is Allah's Great est Name.

The Meaning of Al-` Alamin Al-` Alamin is plural for ` Alam, which encompasses everyt hing in exist ence except Allah. The word ` Alam is it self a plural word, having no singular form. The ` Alamin are different creat ions t hat exist in t he heavens and t he eart h, on land and at sea. Every generat ion of creat ion is called an ` Alam. Al-Farra` and Abu ` Ubayd said, "` Alam includes all t hat has a mind, t he Jinns, mankind, t he angels and t he devils, but not t he animals.'' Also, Zayd bin Aslam and Abu Muhaysin said, ` Alam includes all t hat Allah has creat ed wit h a soul.'' Furt her, Qat adah said about ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ (The Lord of t he ` Alamin), "Every t ype of creat ion is an ` Alam.'' Az-Zaj j aj also said, "Alam encompasses everyt hing t hat Allah creat ed, in t his life and in t he Hereaft er.'' Al-Qurt ubi comment ed, "This is t he correct meaning, t hat t he ` Alam encompasses everyt hing t hat Allah creat ed in bot h worlds. Similarly, Allah said,

ゆ ぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レホ͡ ヲぁョ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま べ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (Fir` awn (Pharaoh) said: "And what is t he Lord of t he ` Alamin'' Musa (Moses) said: "The Lord of t he heavens and t he eart h, and all t hat is bet ween t hem, if you seek t o be convinced wit h cert aint y'') (26:23-24).

Why is the Creation called ` Alam ` Alam is derived from ` Alamah, t hat is because it is a sign t est ifying t o t he exist ence of it s Creat or and t o His Oneness.''

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャやぴ (3. Ar-Rahman (t he Most Gracious), Ar-Rahim (t he Most Merciful)). Allah said next ,

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャやぴ (Ar-Rahman (t he Most Gracious), Ar-Rahim (t he Most Merciful)) We explained t hese Names in t he Basmalah. Al-Qurt ubi said, "Allah has described Himself by ` Ar-Rahman, Ar-Rahim' aft er saying ` t he Lord of t he Alamin', so His st at ement here includes a warning, and t hen an encouragement . Similarly, Allah said,

ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ヴあルぺ∠ ン͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇￢ヴあらル∠ ぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヴ͡よや∠グハ ∠ (Declare (O Muhammad ) unt o My servant s, t hat t ruly, I am t he Oft -Forgiving, t he Most Merciful. And t hat My t orment is indeed t he most painful t orment .) (15:49-50) Allah said,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ

(Surely, your Lord is swift in ret ribut ion, and cert ainly He is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (6:165) Hence, Rabb cont ains a warning while Ar-Rahman Ar-Rahim encourages. Furt her, Muslim recorded in his Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ノ∠ ヨ͡ デ ∠ ゅ∠ョ る͡ よ∠ ヲ⊥ボバ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ゅ∠ョ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ヲャ∠» リ ∠ ョ͡ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ゅ∠ョ ゲ⊥ プ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∀ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ レｚ ィ ∠ ヶ͡プ «ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ∇リョ͡ テ ∠ レ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲｚ ャや (If t he believer knew what punishment Allah has, none would have hope in acquiring His Paradise, and if t he disbeliever knew what mercy Allah has, none will lose hope of earning His earning.)

びリ ͡ Αあギャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ͡ ヤ͡⇒∠ョぴ (4. The Owner of t he Day of Recompense.)

Indicating Sovereignty on the Day of Judgment Allah ment ioned His sovereignt y of t he Day of Resurrect ion, but t his does not negat e His sovereignt y over all ot her t hings. For Allah ment ioned t hat He is t he Lord of exist ence, including t his eart hly life and t he Hereaft er. Allah only ment ioned t he Day of Recompense here because on t hat Day, no one except Him will be able t o claim ownership of anyt hing what soever. On t hat Day, no one will be allowed t o speak wit hout His permission. Similarly, Allah said,

Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤｚ∠ム∠わ∠Α Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ヘ∂ タ ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔よや∠ヲタ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ (The Day t hat Ar-Ruh (Jibril (Gabriel) or anot her angel) and t he angels will st and fort h in rows, t hey will not speak except him whom t he Most Gracious (Allah) allows, and he will speak what is right .) (78:38),

Ι ｚ ま͡ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ れ ⊥ や∠ヲ∇タΕ ∠や ろ ͡ バ∠ ゼ ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ジ∇ヨワ∠

(And all voices will be humbled for t he Most Gracious (Allah), and not hing shall you hear but t he low voice of t heir foot st eps.)(20:108), and,

ヴ ｘ ボ͡ セ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ユ⊥ ヤｚム∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び ギ∀ Β͡バシ ∠ ヱ∠ (On t he Day when it comes, no person shall speak except by His (Allah's) leave. Some among t hem will be wret ched and (ot hers) blessed) (11:105). Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "Allah says, ` On t hat Day, no one owns anyt hing t hat t hey used t o own in t he world.'''

The Meaning of Yawm Ad-Din Ibn ` Abbas said, "Yawm Ad-Din is t he Day of Recompense for t he creat ures, meaning t he Day of Judgment . On t hat Day, Allah will reckon t he creat ion for t heir deeds, evil for evil, good for good, except for t hose whom He pardons.'' In addit ion, several ot her Companions, Tabi` in and scholars of t he Salaf, said similarly, for t his meaning is apparent and clear from t he Ayah.

Allah is Al-Malik (King or Owner) Allah is t he True Owner (Malik) (of everyt hing and everyone). Allah said,

サ ⊥ ヱぁギボ⊥ ∇ャや マ ⊥ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ びユ⊥ ⇒∠ヤジ ｚ ャや (He is Allah, beside Whom La ilaha illa Huwa, t he King, t he Holy, t he One free from all defect s) (59:23). Also, t he Two Sahihs recorded Abu Hurayrah saying t hat t he Prophet said,

ポ ͡ ゅ∠ヤ∇ョほ∠∇ャや マ ͡ ヤ͡ヨ∠ よ͡ ヴｚヨジ ∠ ゎ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ユ∃ ∇シや ノ⊥ レ∠ ∇カぺ∠» «ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ (The most despicable name t o Allah is a person who calls himself t he king of kings, while t here are no owners except Allah.) Also t he Two Sahihs recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ レ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ ￢∠ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヵ͡ヲ∇トΑ∠ ヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ぶ ⊥ やヂ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ボΑ∠ » リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∨͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ポ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤョ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∩⊥マヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ルぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ «∨∠ラヱ⊥ゲらあ ム∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∨∠ラヱ⊥ケゅｚら∠イ∇ャや ((On t he Day of Judgement ) Allah will grasp t he eart h and fold up t he heavens wit h His Right Hand and proclaim, 'I Am t he King! Where are t he kings of t he eart h Where are t he t yrant s Where are t he arrogant ') Also, in t he t he Glorious Qur'an;

びケ͡ ゅｚヰボ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャあぴ (Whose is t he kingdom t his Day Allah's, t he One, t he Irresist ible.)(40:16). As for calling someone ot her t han Allah a king in t his life, 3-24). :23NNA r-Rahman (t he Most Gracious), Ar-Rahim (t he Most Merciful)) We explained t hese Names in t he Basmalah. Al-Qurt ubi said, "Allah has described Himself by ` Ar-Rahman, Ar-Rahim' aft er saying ` t he Lord of t he Alamin', so His st at ement here includes a warning, and t hen an encouragement . Similarly, Allah said, RNA ? Allah is Al-Malik (King or Owner) Allah is t he True Owner (Malik) (of everyt hing and everyone). Allah said,

サ ⊥ ヱぁギボ⊥ ∇ャや マ ⊥ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ びユ⊥ ⇒∠ヤジ ｚ ャや (He is Allah, beside Whom La ilaha illa Huwa, t he King, t he Holy, t he One free from all defect s) (59:23). Also, t he Two Sahihs recorded Abu Hurayrah saying t hat t he Prophet said,

ポ ͡ ゅ∠ヤ∇ョほ∠∇ャや マ ͡ ヤ͡ヨ∠ よ͡ ヴｚヨジ ∠ ゎ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ユ∃ ∇シや ノ⊥ レ∠ ∇カぺ∠» «ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ (The most despicable name t o Allah is a person who calls himself t he king of kings, while t here are no owners except Allah.)

Also t he Two Sahihs recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ レ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ ￢∠ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヵ͡ヲ∇トΑ∠ ヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ぶ ⊥ やヂ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ボΑ∠ » リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∨͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ポ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤョ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∩⊥マヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ «∨∠ラヱ⊥ゲらあ ム∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∨∠ラヱ⊥ケゅｚら∠イ∇ャや ((On t he Day of Judgement ) Allah will grasp t he eart h and fold up t he heavens wit h His Right Hand and proclaim, 'I Am t he King! Where are t he kings of t he eart h Where are t he t yrant s Where are t he arrogant ') Also, in t he t he Glorious Qur'an;

びケ͡ ゅｚヰボ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャあぴ (Whose is t he kingdom t his Day Allah's, t he One, t he Irresist ible.)(40:16). As for calling someone ot her t han Allah a king in t his life, t hen it is done as a figure of speech. For inst ance, Allah said,

びゅ⇔ムヤ͡ョ∠ れ ∠ ヲ⊥ャゅ∠デ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Indeed Allah appoint ed Talut (Saul) as a king over you.) (2:247),

び∀マ͡ヤョｚ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ へ∠ケヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (As t here was a king behind t hem)(18:79), and,

びゅ⇔ミヲ⊥ヤョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠Βら͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ When He made Prophet s among you, and made you kings )5:20(. Also, t he Two Sahihs recorded,

«り͡ ゲｚ シ ͡ ほ∠∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ポ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ » (Just like kings reclining on t heir t hrones)

The Meaning of Ad-Din

Ad-Din means t he reckoning, t he reward or punishment . Similarly, Allah said,

びペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ Βあプヲ∠ Α⊥ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t hat Day Allah will pay t hem t he (Dinahum) recompense (of t heir deeds) in full) (24:25), and,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レΑ͡ギ∠ヨ∠ャ ゅｚル￢͡ ぺ∠ぴ (Shall we indeed (be raised up) t o receive reward or punishment (according t o our deeds)) (37:53). A Hadit h st at ed,

«れ ͡ ヲ∠ヨ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ラ ∠ や∠キ ∇リョ∠ ザ ⊥ あΒム∠ ∇ャや» (The wise person is he who reckons himself and works for (his life) aft er deat h.) meaning, he holds himself account able. Also, ` Umar said, "Hold yourself account able before you are held account able, weigh yourselves before you are weighed, and be prepared for t he biggest gat hering before He Whose knowledge encompasses your deeds,

び る∀ Β∠ プ͡ ゅ∠カ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ヴ∠ヘ∇ガゎ∠ Ι ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ∠ ∇バゎ⊥ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (That Day shall you be brought t o Judgement , not a secret of yours will be hidden) (69:18).''

びリ ⊥ Β͡バわ∠ ∇ジル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ぴ (5. You we worship, and You we ask for help.) (1:5)

The Linguistic and Religious Meaning of ` Ibadah Linguist ically, ` Ibadah means subdued. For inst ance, a road is described as Mu` abbadah, meaning, ` paved'. In religious t erminology, ` Ibadah implies t he ut most love, humilit y and fear.

The Merit of stating the Object of the Action before the Doer of the Act, and the Merit of these Negations

You...'', means, we worship You alone and none else, and rely on You alone and none else. This is t he perfect form of obedience and t he ent ire religion is implied by t hese t wo ideas. Some of t he Salaf said, Al-Fat ihah is t he secret of t he Qur'an, while t hese words are t he secret of AlFat ihah,

びリ ⊥ Β͡バわ∠ ∇ジル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ぴ (5. You we worship, and You we ask for help from.) The first part is a declarat ion of innocence from Shirk (polyt heism), while t he second negat es having any power or st rengt h, displaying t he recognit ion t hat all affairs are cont rolled by Allah alone. This meaning is reit erat ed in various inst ances in t he Qur'an. For inst ance, Allah said,

ゅｚヨ∠ハ モ ∃ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ピよ͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ (So worship Him (O Muhammad ) and put your t rust in Him. And your Lord is not unaware of what you (people) do.) (11:123),

びゅレ∠ ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "He is t he Most Gracious (Allah), in Him we believe, and in Him we put our t rust .'') (67:29),

ロ⊥ ∇グガ ͡ ｚゎゅ∠プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ゆ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケｚ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ ((He alone is) t he Lord of t he east and t he west ; La ilaha illa Huwa (none has t he right t o be worshipped but He). So t ake Him alone as Wakil (Disposer of your affairs)), (73:9), and,

びリ ⊥ Β͡バわ∠ ∇ジル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ぴ (You we worship, and You we ask for help from). We should ment ion t hat in t his Ayah, t he t ype of speech here changes from t he t hird person t o direct speech by using t he Kaf in t he st at ement Iyyaka (You). This is because aft er t he servant praised and t hanked Allah, he st ands before Him, addressing Him direct ly;

びリ ⊥ Β͡バわ∠ ∇ジル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ぴ (You we worship, and You we ask for help from). So t ake Him alone as Wakil (Disposer of your affairs)), (73:9), and,

びリ ⊥ Β͡バわ∠ ∇ジル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ぴ (You we worship, and You we ask for help from). We should ment ion t hat in t his Ayah, t he t ype of speech here changes from t he t hird person t o direct speech by using t he Kaf in t he st at ement Iyyaka (You). This is because aft er t he servant praised and t hanked Allah, he st ands before Him, addressing Him direct ly;

びリ ⊥ Β͡バわ∠ ∇ジル∠ ポ ∠ ゅΑｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ぴ (You we worship, and You we ask for help from).

Al-Fatihah indicates the Necessity of praising Allah. It is required in every Prayer The beginning of Surat Al-Fat ihah cont ains Allah's praise for Himself by His most beaut iful At t ribut es and indicat es t o His servant s t hat , t hey t oo, should praise Him in t he same manner. Hence, t he prayer is not valid unless one recit es Al-Fat ihah, if he is able. The Two Sahihs recorded t hat ` Ubadah bin As-Samit said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ゆ ͡ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや る͡ エ ∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ヘよ͡ ∇ぺゲ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ り∠ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ゅ∠ャ» (There is no valid prayer for whoever does not recit e Al-Fat ihah of t he Book.) Also, it is recorded in Sahih Muslim t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡レ∇Βよ∠ り∠ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ろ ⊥ ∇ヨジ ∠ ホ∠ : ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » ヵ͡ギ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヰヘ⊥ ∇ダル͡ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ャ ゅ∠ヰヘ⊥ ∇ダレ͡ プ∠ ∩͡リ∇Βヘ∠ ∇ダル͡ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ :ギ⊥ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や∠クま͡ ∩∠メほ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヵ͡ギ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ∂ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや» ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ツ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀り∠ヲ⇒∠ゼ͡ビ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ￢へ∠ヲシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ͡ バ͡ ∇ヨシ ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ͡ レ⊥ゎ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ∂ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ∇ュぺ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ͡ レ⊥ゎ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲレ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ «ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ツ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や∠クみ∠プ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴレ∇をぺ∠ :ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ヶ͡ルギ∠ イ ｚ ョ∠ :ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩び リ ͡ Αあギャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ͡ ヤ͡⇒∠ョぴ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡レ∇Βよ∠ や∠グワ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩び リ ⊥ Βバ͡ わ∠ ∇ジル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ぴ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∠メほ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヵ͡ギ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∩ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ び ユ∠ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヅ ∠ や∠ゲダ あ ャや ゅ∠ル͡ギ∇ワやぴ ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ツ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヅ ∠ や∠ゲタ ͡ ぴ ヵ͡ギ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∩ヵ͡ギ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ や∠グワ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩び リ ∠ Βあャべｚツャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ «メ ∠ ほ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ

(Allah said, ` I divided t he prayer int o t wo halves bet ween Myself and My servant , one half is for Me and one half for My servant . My servant shall have what he asks for.' When t he servant says,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (All praise and t hanks be t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s.), Allah says, ` My servant has praised Me.' When t he servant says,

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャやぴ (The Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful), Allah says, ` My servant has praised Me.' When t he servant says,

びリ ͡ Αあギャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ͡ ヤ͡⇒∠ョぴ (The Owner of t he Day of Recompense), Allah says, ` My servant has glorified Me.' If t he servant says,

びリ ⊥ Β͡バわ∠ ∇ジル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ぴ (You we worship, and You we ask for help), Allah says, ` This is bet ween Me and My servant , and My servant shall have what he asked.' If t he servant says,

ろ ∠ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヅ ∠ や∠ゲタ ͡ - ユ∠ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヅ ∠ や∠ゲダ あ ャや ゅ∠ル͡ギ∇ワやぴ びリ ∠ Βあャべｚツャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ツ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (Guide us t o t he st raight pat h. The pat h of t hose on whom You have best owed Your grace, not (t hat ) of t hose who have earned Your anger, nor of t hose who went ast ray), Allah says, ` This is for My servant , and My servant shall have what he asked.')

Tawhid Al-Uluhiyyah Ad-Dahhak narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

びギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ぴ (You we worship) means, "It is You whom we single out , Whom we fear and Whom we hope in, You alone, our Lord,

Tawhid Ar-Rububiyyah

びリ ⊥ Β͡バわ∠ ∇ジル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And You we ask for help from), t o obey you and in all of our affairs.'' Furt her, Qat adah said t hat t he Ayah,

びリ ⊥ Β͡バわ∠ ∇ジル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ぴ (You we worship, and You we ask for help from) "Cont ains Allah's command t o us t o perform sincere worship for Him and t o seek His aid concerning all of our affairs.'' Allah ment ioned,

びギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ぴ (You we worship) before,

びリ ⊥ Β͡バわ∠ ∇ジル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And You we ask for help from), because t he obj ect ive here is t he worship, while Allah's help is t he t ool t o implement t his obj ect ive. Cert ainly, one first t akes care of t he most import ant aspect s and t hen what is less import ant , and Allah knows best .

Allah called His Prophet

an ` Abd Allah called His Messenger an ` Abd (servant ) when He ment ioned sending down His Book, t he Prophet 's involvement in invit ing t o Him, and when ment ioning t he Isra' (overnight j ourney from Makkah t o Jerusalem and t hen t o heaven), and t hese are t he Prophet 's most honorable missions. Allah said,

びょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (All praise and t hanks be t o Allah, Who has sent down t o His servant (Muhammad ) t he Book (t he Qur'an)) (18:1),

びロ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ∇らハ ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヨャｚ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he servant of Allah (Muhammad ) st ood up invoking Him (his Lord prayer)), (72:19) and,

Allah in

びΚ ⇔ ∇Βャ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らバ∠ よ͡ ン∠ゲ∇シぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ゅエ ∠ ∇らシ ⊥ぴ (Glorified (and Exalt ed) be He (Allah) (above all t hat t hey associat e wit h Him) Who t ook His servant (Muhammad ) for a j ourney by night ) (17:1).

Encouraging the Performance of the Acts of Worship during Times of Distress Allah also recommended t hat His Prophet resort t o act s of worship during t imes when he felt dist ressed because of t he disbelievers who defied and denied him. Allah said,

- ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ポ ∠ ケ⊥ ∇ギタ ∠ ペ ⊥ Β͡ツΑ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ギら⊥ ∇ハや∠ヱ - リ ∠ Α͡ギイ ͡ ⇒ｚジャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇リミ⊥ ヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ウらあ ジ ∠ プ∠ びリ ⊥ Β͡ボΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ (Indeed, We know t hat your breast is st rait ened at what t hey say. So glorify t he praises of your Lord and be of t hose who prost rat e t hemselves (t o Him). And worship your Lord unt il t here comes unt o you t he cert aint y (i.e. deat h)) (15:97-99).

Why Praise was mentioned First Since t he praise of Allah, Who is being sought for help, was ment ioned, it was appropriat e t hat one follows t he praise by asking for his need. We st at ed t hat Allah said,

«メ ∠ ほ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヵ͡ギ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∩ヵ͡ギ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヰヘ⊥ ∇ダル͡ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ャ ゅ∠ヰヘ⊥ ∇ダレ͡ プ∠ » (One half for Myself and one half for My servant , and My servant shall have what he asked.) This is t he best met hod for seeking help, by first praising t he one whom help is sought from and t hen asking for His aid, and help for one's self, and for his Muslim bret hren by saying.

び ユ∠ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヅ ∠ や∠ゲダ あ ャや ゅ∠ル͡ギ∇ワやぴ (Guide us t o t he st raight pat h.) This met hod is more appropriat e and efficient in bringing about a posit ive answer t o t he pleas, and t his is why Allah recommended t his bet t er met hod. Asking for help may t ake t he form of conveying t he condit ion of t he person who is seeking help. For inst ance, t he Prophet Moses said,

び∀ゲΒ͡ボ∠プ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ろ ∠ ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨャ͡ ヴあルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ (My Lord! Truly, I am in need of what ever good t hat You best ow on me!) (28:24). Also, one may first ment ion t he at t ribut es of whoever is being asked, such as what Dhun-Nun said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヴあルま͡ マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ｚぴ (La ilaha illa Ant a (none has t he right t o be worshipped but You (O Allah)), Glorified (and Exalt ed) be You (above all t hat t hey associat e wit h You)! Truly, I have been of t he wrongdoers) (21:87). Furt her, one may praise Him wit hout ment ioning what he needs. The Meaning of Guidance ment ioned in t he Surah The guidance ment ioned in t he Surah implies being direct ed and guided t o success. Allah said,

び ユ∠ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヅ ∠ や∠ゲダ あ ャや ゅ∠ル͡ギ∇ワやぴ (Guide us t o t he st raight pat h) meaning guide, direct , lead and grant us t he correct guidance. Also,

びリ ͡ Α∠ギ∇イレｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ワ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And shown him t he t wo ways (good and evil)) (90:10), means, ` We explained t o him t he pat hs of good and evil.' Also, Allah said,

びユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ や∠ギワ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠らわ∠ ∇ィやぴ

(He (Allah) chose him (as an int imat e friend) and guided him t o a st raight pat h) (16:121), and,

びユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ヅ ͡ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥ギ∇ワゅ∠プぴ (And lead t hem on t o t he way of flaming Fire (Hell)) (37:23). Similarly, Allah said,

びユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰわ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, you (O Muhammad ) are indeed guiding (mankind) t o t he st raight pat h) (42:52), and,

びや∠グ⇒∠ヰャ͡ ゅ∠ルや∠ギワ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (All praise and t hanks be t o Allah, Who has guided us t o t his) (7:43), meaning, guided us and direct ed us and qualified us for t his end - Paradise.

The Meaning of As-Sirat Al-Mustaqim, the Straight Path. As for t he meaning of As-Sirat Al-Must aqim, Imam Abu Ja` far At -Tabari said, "The Ummah agreed t hat Sirat Al-Must aqim, is t he clear pat h wit hout branches, according t o t he language of t he Arabs. For inst ance, Jarir bin ` At iyah Al-Khat afi said in a poem, ` The Leader of t he fait hful is on a pat h t hat will remain st raight even t hough t he ot her pat hs are crooked.'' At -Tabari also st at ed t hat , "There are many evidences t o t his fact .'' At -Tabari t hen proceeded, "The Arabs use t he t erm, Sirat in reference t o every deed and st at ement whet her right eous or wicked. Hence t he Arabs would describe t he honest person as being st raight and t he wicked person as being crooked. The st raight pat h ment ioned in t he Qur'an refers t o Islam. Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad t hat An-Nawwas bin Sam` an said t hat t he Prophet said,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ゅ⇔デや∠ゲタ ͡ ゅ⇔ヤん∠ ョ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ » ∩∀るエ ∠ わｚ ヘ∠ ョ⊥ ∀ゆや∠ヲ∇よ∠ぺ ゅ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プ ラ ͡ や∠ケヲ⊥シ ヅ ͡ や∠ゲダ あ ャや ヶ ͡ わ∠ ら∠ ∇レィ ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠よ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀りゅ∠カ∇ゲョ⊥ ∀ケヲ⊥わシ ⊥ ゆ ͡ や∠ヲ∇よほ∠∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ネ ∃ や∠キ ヅ ͡ や∠ゲダ あ ャや ∇リョ͡ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α ネ ∃ や∠キヱ∠ ∩やヲぁィヲ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヅ ∠ や∠ゲダ あ ャや ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ウ ∠ わ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ジ∇ルみ͡∇ャや キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ヅや∠ゲダ あ ャや ベ ͡ ∇ヲプ∠

∇ラま͡ マ ∠ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇エわ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ マ ∠エ ∠ ∇Αヱ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゆ ͡ や∠ヲ∇よほ∠∇ャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ∇リョ͡ キ⊥ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ :ラ ͡ や∠ケヲぁジャや∠ヱ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや :ヅ ⊥ や∠ゲダ あ ャゅ∠プ ヮ⊥ ∇イヤ͡ゎ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡ハやｚギャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や ュ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠エョ∠ る⊥ エ ∠ わｚヘ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ⊥ や∠ヲ∇よほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ぶ ͡ や ∇リョ͡ ヶ͡ハやｚギャや∠ヱ ∩͡ぶや ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヅ ͡ や∠ゲダ あ ャや サ ͡ ∇ぺケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ «ユ∃ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ あモミ⊥ ょ ͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヶ͡プ ぶ ͡ やナ ⊥ハ ͡ や∠ヱ ヅ ͡ や∠ゲダ あ ャや ベ ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ (Allah has set an example: a Sirat (st raight pat h) t hat is surrounded by t wo walls on bot h sides, wit h several open doors wit hin t he walls covered wit h curt ains. There is a caller on t he gat e of t he Sirat who heralds, 'O people! St ay on t he pat h and do not deviat e from it .' Meanwhile, a caller from above t he pat h is also warning any person who want s t o open any of t hese doors, 'Woe unt o you! Do not open it , for if you open it you will pass t hrough.' The st raight pat h is Islam, t he t wo walls are Allah's set limit s, while t he doors resemble what Allah has prohibit ed. The caller on t he gat e of t he Sirat is t he Book of Allah, while t he caller above t he Sirat is Allah's admonishment in t he heart of every Muslim.)

The Faithful ask for and abide by Guidance If someone asks, "Why does t he believer ask Allah for guidance during every prayer and at ot her t imes, while he is already properly guided Has he not already acquired guidance'' The answer t o t hese quest ions is t hat if it were not a fact t hat t he believer needs t o keep asking for guidance day and night , Allah would not have direct ed him t o invoke Him t o acquire t he guidance. The servant needs Allah t he Exalt ed every hour of his life t o help him remain firm on t he pat h of guidance and t o make him even more firm and persist ent on it . The servant does not have t he power t o benefit or harm himself, except by Allah's permission. Therefore, Allah direct ed t he servant t o invoke Him const ant ly, so t hat He provides him wit h His aid and wit h firmness and success. Indeed, t he happy person is he whom Allah guides t o ask of Him. This is especially t he case if a person urgent ly needs Allah's help day or night . Allah said,

ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ ン͡グャｚや ͡ょ⇒∠わ͡ム∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ン͡グャｚや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ びモ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ メ ∠ ゴ∠ルぺ∠ (O you who believe! Believe in Allah, and His Messenger (Muhammad ), and t he Book (t he Qur'an) which He has sent down t o His Messenger, and t he Script ure which He sent down t o t hose before (him)) (4:16).

Therefore, in t his Ayah Allah commanded t he believers t o believe, and t his command is not redundant since what is sought here is firmness and cont inuit y of performing t he deeds t hat help one remain on t he pat h of fait h. Also, Allah commanded His believing servant s t o proclaim,

リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ょワ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇Αギ∠ ワ∠ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇パゴ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ びゆ ⊥ ゅｚワヲ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ マ ∠ ル⊥ギャｚ (Our Lord! Let not our heart s deviat e (from t he t rut h) aft er You have guided us, and grant us mercy from You. Truly, You are t he Best ower.) (3:8). Hence,

び ユ∠ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヅ ∠ や∠ゲダ あ ャや ゅ∠ル͡ギ∇ワやぴ (Guide us t o t he st raight way) means, "Make us firm on t he pat h of guidance and do not allow us t o deviat e from it .''

ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ツ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヅ ∠ や∠ゲタ ͡ ぴ びリ ∠ Βあャべｚツャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (7. The way of t hose upon whom You have best owed Your grace, not (t hat ) of t hose who earned Your anger, nor of t hose who went ast ray). We ment ioned t he Hadit h in which t he servant proclaims,

び ユ∠ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヅ ∠ や∠ゲダ あ ャや ゅ∠ル͡ギ∇ワやぴ (Guide us t o t he st raight way) and Allah says, "This is for My servant , and My servant shall acquire what he asks for.'' Allah's st at ement .

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヅ ∠ や∠ゲタ ͡ ぴ (The way of t hose upon whom You have best owed Your grace) defines t he pat h. ` Those upon whom Allah has best owed His grace' are t hose ment ioned in Surat An-Nisa' (chapt er 4), when Allah said,

ユ∠ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ノ∠ ョ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ノ͡ ト ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ￢͡ へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ボΑあギダ あ ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ⊥ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク - ゅ⇔ボΒ͡プケ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ジ ⊥ェ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャやヱ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ (And whoever obeys Allah and t he Messenger (Muhammad ), t hen t hey will be in t he company of t hose on whom Allah has best owed His grace, t he Prophet s, t he Siddiqin (t he t ruly fait hful), t he mart yrs, and t he right eous. And how excellent t hese companions are! Such is t he bount y from Allah, and Allah is sufficient t o know) (4:69-70). Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Βあャべｚツャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ツ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ぴ (Not (t he way) of t hose who earned Your anger, nor of t hose who went ast ray) meaning guide us t o t he st raight pat h, t he pat h of t hose upon whom you have best owed Your grace, t hat is, t he people of guidance, sincerit y and obedience t o Allah and His Messengers. They are t he people who adhere t o Allah's commandment s and refrain from commit t ing what He has prohibit ed. But , help us t o avoid t he pat h of t hose whom Allah is angry wit h, whose int ent ions are corrupt , who know t he t rut h, yet deviat e from it . Also, help us avoid t he pat h of t hose who were led ast ray, who lost t he t rue knowledge and, as a result , are wandering in misguidance, unable t o find t he correct pat h. Allah assert ed t hat t he t wo pat hs He described here are bot h misguided when He repeat ed t he negat ion ` not '. These t wo pat hs are t he pat hs of t he Christ ians and Jews, a fact t hat t he believer should beware of so t hat he avoids t hem. The pat h of t he believers is knowledge of t he t rut h and abiding by it . In comparison, t he Jews abandoned pract icing t he religion, while t he Christ ians lost t he t rue knowledge. This is why ` anger' descended upon t he Jews, while being described as ` led ast ray' is more appropriat e of t he Christ ians. Those who know, but avoid implement ing t he t rut h, deserve t he anger, unlike t hose who are ignorant . The Christ ians want t o seek t he t rue knowledge, but are unable t o find it because t hey did not seek it from it s proper resources. This is why t hey were led ast ray. We should also ment ion t hat bot h t he Christ ians and t he Jews have earned t he anger and are led ast ray, but t he anger is one of t he at t ribut es more part icular of t he Jews. Allah said about t he Jews,

びヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ ツ ͡ ビ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヮ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ャｚ リ∠ョぴ (Those (Jews) who incurred t he curse of Allah and His wrat h) (5:60). The at t ribut e t hat t he Christ ians deserve most is t hat of being led ast ray, j ust as Allah said about t hem,

リ∠ハ ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ びモ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや ￢͡ へ∠ヲシ ∠ (Who went ast ray before and who misled many, and st rayed (t hemselves) from t he right pat h) (5:77). There are several Hadit hs and report s from t he Salaf on t his subj ect . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Adi bin Hat im said, "The horsemen of t he Messenger of Allah seized my pat ernal aunt and some ot her people. When t hey brought t hem t o t he Messenger of Allah , t hey were made t o st and in line before him. My aunt said, ` O Messenger of Allah! The support er is far away, t he offspring have st opped coming and I am an old woman, unable t o serve. Grant me your favor, may Allah grant you His favor.' He said, ` Who is your support er' She said, ` Adi bin Hat im.' He said, ` The one who ran away from Allah and His Messenger' She said, ` So, t he Prophet freed me.' When t he Prophet came back, t here was a man next t o him, I t hink t hat he was ` Ali, who said t o her, ` Ask him for a means of t ransport at ion.' She asked t he Prophet , and he ordered t hat she be given an animal. '' ` Adi t hen said, "Lat er on, she came t o me and said, ` He (Muhammad ) has done a favor t hat your fat her (who was a generous man) would never have done. So and-so person came t o him and he grant ed him his favor, and so-and-so came t o him and he grant ed him his favor.' So I went t o t he Prophet and found t hat some women and children were gat hering wit h him, so close t hat I knew t hat he was not a king like Kisra (King of Persia) or Caesar. He said, ` O ` Adi! What made you run away, so t hat La ilaha illallah is not proclaimed Is t here a deit y wort hy of worship except Allah What made you run away, so t hat Allahu Akbar (Allah is t he Great er) is not proclaimed Is t here anyt hing Great er t han Allah' I proclaimed my Islam and I saw his face radiat e wit h pleasure and he said:

リ ∠ Β͡ャゅｚツャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヱ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ツ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» «ン∠ケゅ∠ダレｚ ャや (Those who have earned t he anger are t he Jews and t hose who are led ast ray are t he Christ ians.)'' This Hadit h was also collect ed by At -Tirmidhi who said t hat it is Hasan Gharib. Also, when Zayd bin ` Amr bin Nufayl went wit h some of his friends - before Islam - t o Ash-Sham seeking t he t rue religion, t he Jews said t o him, "You will not become a Jew unless you carry a share of t he anger of Allah t hat we have earned.'' He said, "I am seeking t o escape Allah's anger.'' Also, t he Christ ians said t o him, "If you become one of us you will carry a share in Allah's discont ent .'' He said, "I cannot bear it .'' So he remained in his pure nat ure and avoided worshipping t he idols and t he polyt heist ic pract ices. He became neit her a Jew, nor Christ ian. As for his companions, t hey became Christ ians because t hey found it more pure t han Judaism. Waraqah bin Nawfal was among t hese people unt il Allah guided him by t he hand of His Prophet , when he was sent as Prophet , and Waraqah believed in t he revelat ion t hat was sent t o t he Prophet may Allah be pleased wit h him.

The Summary of Al-Fatihah The honorable Surah Al-Fat ihah cont ains seven Ayat including t he praise and t hanks of Allah, glorifying Him and praising Him by ment ioning His most Beaut iful Names and most high At t ribut es. It also ment ions t he Hereaft er, which is t he Day of Resurrect ion, and direct s Allah's servant s t o ask of Him, invoking Him and declaring t hat all power and st rengt h comes from Him. It also calls t o t he sincerit y of t he worship of Allah alone, singling Him out in His divinit y, believing in His perfect ion, being free from t he need of any part ners, having no rivals nor equals. Al-Fat ihah direct s t he believers t o invoke Allah t o guide t hem t o t he st raight pat h, which is t he t rue religion, and t o help t hem remain on t hat pat h in t his life, and t o pass over t he act ual Sirat (bridge over hell t hat everyone must pass over) on t he Day of Judgment . On t hat Day, t he believers will be direct ed t o t he gardens of comfort in t he company of t he Prophet s, t he t rut hful ones, t he mart yrs and t he right eous. Al-Fat ihah also encourages performing good deeds, so t hat t he believers will be in t he company of t he good-doers on t he Day of Resurrect ion. The Surah also warns against following t he pat hs of misguidance, so t hat one does not end up being gat hered wit h t hose who indulge in sin, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, including t hose who have earned t he anger and t hose who were led ast ray.

The Bounties are because of Allah, not the Deviations Allah said,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヅ ∠ や∠ゲタ ͡ ぴ (The way of t hose upon whom you have best owed Your grace), when He ment ioned His favor. On ment ioning anger, Allah said,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ツ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ぴ (Not (t hat ) of t hose who earned Your anger), wit hout ment ioning t he subj ect , alt hough it is He Who has sent down t he anger on t hem, j ust as Allah st at ed in anot her Ayah,

びユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ょ ∠ ツ ͡ ビ ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Have you (O Muhammad ) not seen t hose (hypocrit es) who t ake as friends a people upon whom is t he wrat h of Allah (i.e. Jews)) (58:14). Also, Allah relat es t he misguidance of t hose who indulged in it , alt hough t hey were j ust ly misguided according t o Allah's appoint ed dest iny. For inst ance, Allah said,

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∇モヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ギ͡ わ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ リ∠ョぴ びや⇔ギセ ͡ ∇ゲョぁ ゅ６Βャ͡ヱ∠ (He whom Allah guides, he is t he right ly-guided; but he whom He sends ast ray, for him you will find no Wali (guiding friend) t o lead him (t o t he right pat h)) (18:17) and,

ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ グ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヵ ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠ワ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ (Whomsoever Allah sends ast ray, none can guide him; and He let s t hem wander blindly in t heir t ransgression) (7:186). These and several ot her Ayat t est ify t o t he fact t hat Allah alone is t he One Who guides and misguides, cont rary t o t he belief of t he Qadariyyah sect , who claimed t hat t he servant s choose and creat e t heir own dest iny. They rely on some unclear Ayat avoiding what is clear and cont radict s t heir desires. Theirs, is t he met hod of t he people who follow t heir lust , desire and wickedness. An aut hent ic Hadit h narrat ed,

マ ∠ ゃ͡ ャヱ⊥ほプ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ゼゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡» «∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ ∇ェゅ∠プ ぶ ⊥ や ヴｚヨシ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや (When you see t hose who follow what is not so clear in it (t he Qur'an), t hen t hey are t hose whom Allah has ment ioned (refer t o 3:7). Hence, avoid t hem.) The Prophet was referring t o Allah's st at ement ,

ヮ∠ ら∠ ⇒∠ゼゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Β∠ プ∠ ∀ヒ∇Α∠コ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴプ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤ͡Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや∠ヱ る͡ レ∠ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ (So as for t hose in whose heart s t here is a deviat ion (from t he t rut h) t hey follow t hat which is not ent irely clear t hereof, seeking Al-Fit nah (polyt heism and t rials), and seeking for it s hidden meanings)(3:7). Verily, no innovat or in t he religion could ever rely on any aut hent ic evidence in t he Qur'an t hat t est ifies t o his innovat ion. The Qur'an came t o dist inguish bet ween t rut h and falsehood, and

guidance and misguidance. The Qur'an does not cont ain any discrepancies or cont radict ions, because it is a revelat ion from t he Most Wise, Wort hy of all praise.

Saying Amin It is recommended t o say Amin aft er finishing t he recit at ion of Al-Fat ihah. Amin means, "O Allah! Accept our invocat ion.'' The evidence t hat saying Amin is recommended is cont ained in what Imams Ahmad, Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi recorded, t hat Wa'il bin Huj r said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah recit e,

びリ ∠ Βあャべｚツャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ツ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ぴ (Not (t hat ) of t hose who earned Your anger, nor of t hose who went ast ray), and he said ` Amin' ext ending it wit h his voice.'' Abu Dawud's narrat ion added, "Raising his voice wit h it .'' At -Tirmidhi t hen comment ed t hat t his Hadit h is Hasan and was also narrat ed from ` Ali and Ibn Mas` ud. Also, Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat whenever t he Messenger of Allah would recit e,

びリ ∠ Βあャべｚツャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ツ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ぴ (Not (t he way) of t hose who earned Your anger, nor of t hose who went ast ray), He would say Amin unt il t hose who were behind him in t he first line could hear him. Abu Dawud and Ibn Maj ah recorded t his Hadit h wit h t he addit ion, "Then t he Masj id would shake because of (t hose behind t he Prophet ) recit ing Amin.'' Also, Ad-Daraqut ni recorded t his Hadit h and comment ed t hat it is Hasan. Furt her, Bilal narrat ed t hat he said, "O Messenger of Allah! Do not finish saying Amin before I can j oin you.'' This was recorded by Abu Dawud. In addit ion, Abu Nasr Al-Qushayri narrat ed t hat Al-Hasan and Ja` far As-Sadiq st ressed t he ` m' in Amin. Saying Amin is recommended for t hose who are not praying (when recit ing Al-Fat ihah) and is st rongly recommended for t hose who are praying, whet her alone or behind t he Imam. The Two Sahihs recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヮ⊥ レ⊥ Β͡ョ∇ほゎ∠ ペ ∠ プ∠ や∠ヱ ∇リョ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩やヲ⊥レョあ ほ∠プ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ョみ͡∇ャや リ ∠ ョｚ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡» «ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ルク∠ ∇リョ͡ ュ∠ ギｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ビ ⊥ る͡ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ Β͡ョ∇ほゎ∠ (When t he Imam says, ' Amin', t hen say, 'Amin', because whoever says, Amin' wit h t he angels, his previous sins will be forgiven.)

Muslim recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヶ͡プ る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩∠リΒ͡ョへ :り͡ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や∠クま͡» ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ビ ⊥ ン∠ゲ∇カほ⊥∇ャや ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ や∠ギ∇ェま͡ ∇ろボ∠ プ∠ や∠ヲプ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡ョへ :͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや «ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ルク∠ ∇リョ͡ ュ∠ ギｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ (When any of you says in t he prayer, 'Amin ` and t he angels in heaven say, ` Amin', in unison, his previous sins will be forgiven.) It was said t hat t he Hadit h t alks about bot h t he angels and t he Muslims saying Amin at t he same t ime. The Hadit h also refers t o when t he Amins said by t he angels and t he Muslims are equally sincere (t hus bringing about forgiveness). Furt her, it is recorded in Sahih Muslim t hat Abu Musa relat ed t o t he Prophet t hat he said,

:やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボプ∠ ∩∠リΒあャゅｚツャや ゅ∠ャヱ∠ : ュ∠ ゅ∠ョみ͡∇ャや ヶ͡レバ∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や∠クま͡» «ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇らイ ͡ Α⊥ ∩∠リΒ͡ョへ (When t he Imam says, ` Walad-dallin', say, ` Amin' and Allah will answer your invocat ion.) In addit ion, At -Tirmidhi said t hat ` Amin' means, "Do not disappoint our hope'', while t he maj orit y of scholars said t hat it means. "Answer our invocat ion.'' Also, in his Musnad, Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` A'ishah said t hat when t he Jews were ment ioned t o him, t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ルヱ⊥ギジ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ルヱ⊥ギジ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ∇リャ∠ ユ⊥ヰルｚ ま͡» ∩ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ やヲぁヤッ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ルや∠ギワ∠ ヶ͡わャｚや る͡ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ やヲぁヤッ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ルや∠ギワ∠ ヶ͡わャｚや る͡ ヤ∠∇らボ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ «リ ∠ Β͡ョへ :ュ͡ ゅ∠ョみ͡∇ャや ブ ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠レャ͡∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ (They will not envy us for anyt hing more t han t hey envy us for Friday which we have been guided t o, while t hey were led ast ray from it , and for t he Qiblah which we were guided t o, while t hey were led ast ray from it , and for our saying ` Amin' behind t he Imam.)

Also, Ibn Maj ah recorded t his Hadit h wit h t he wording,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ゎギ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ゎギ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ» «リ ͡ Β͡ョ∇ほわｚ ャや∠ヱ ュ͡ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや (The Jews have never envied you more t han for your saying t he Salam (Islamic greet ing) and for saying Amin.) rgiveness). veneooA ? Furt her, it is recorded in Sahih Muslim t hat Abu Musa relat ed t o t he Prophet t hat he said,

:やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボプ∠ ∩∠リΒあャゅｚツャや ゅ∠ャヱ∠ : ュ∠ ゅ∠ョみ͡∇ャや ヶ͡レバ∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や∠クま͡» «ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇らイ ͡ Α⊥ ∩∠リΒ͡ョへ (When t he Imam says, ` Walad-dallin', say, ` Amin' and Allah will answer your invocat ion.) In addit ion, At -Tirmidhi said t hat ` Amin' means, "Do not disappoint our hope'', while t he maj orit y of scholars said t hat it means. "Answer our invocat ion.'' Also, in his Musnad, Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` A'ishah said t hat when t he Jews were ment ioned t o him, t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ルヱ⊥ギジ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ルヱ⊥ギジ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ∇リャ∠ ユ⊥ヰルｚ ま͡» ∩ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ やヲぁヤッ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ルや∠ギワ∠ ヶ͡わャｚや る͡ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ やヲぁヤッ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ルや∠ギワ∠ ヶ͡わャｚや る͡ ヤ∠∇らボ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ «リ ∠ Β͡ョへ :ュ͡ ゅ∠ョみ͡∇ャや ブ ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠レャ͡∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ (They will not envy us for anyt hing more t han t hey envy us for Friday which we have been guided t o, while t hey were led ast ray from it , and for t he Qiblah which we were guided t o, while t hey were led ast ray from it , and for our saying ` Amin' behind t he Imam.) Also, Ibn Maj ah recorded t his Hadit h wit h t he wording,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ゎギ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ゎギ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ» «リ ͡ Β͡ョ∇ほわｚ ャや∠ヱ ュ͡ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや

(The Jews have never envied you more t han for your saying t he Salam (Islamic greet ing) and for saying Amin.)

The Bounties are because of Allah, not the Deviations Allah said,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヅ ∠ や∠ゲタ ͡ ぴ (The way of t hose upon whom you have best owed Your grace), when He ment ioned His favor. On ment ioning anger, Allah said,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ツ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ぴ (Not (t hat ) of t hose who earned Your anger), wit hout ment ioning t he subj ect , alt hough it is He Who has sent down t he anger on t hem, j ust as Allah st at ed in anot her Ayah,

びユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ょ ∠ ツ ͡ ビ ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Have you (O Muhammad ) not seen t hose (hypocrit es) who t ake as friends a people upon whom is t he wrat h of Allah (i.e. Jews)) (58:14). Also, Allah relat es t he misguidance of t hose who indulged in it , alt hough t hey were j ust ly misguided according t o Allah's appoint ed dest iny. For inst ance, Allah said,

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∇モヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ギ͡ わ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ リ∠ョぴ びや⇔ギセ ͡ ∇ゲョぁ ゅ６Βャ͡ヱ∠ (He whom Allah guides, he is t he right ly-guided; but he whom He sends ast ray, for him you will find no Wali (guiding friend) t o lead him (t o t he right pat h)) (18:17) and,

ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ グ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヵ ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠ワ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ (Whomsoever Allah sends ast ray, none can guide him; and He let s t hem wander blindly in t heir t ransgression) (7:186).

These and several ot her Ayat t est ify t o t he fact t hat Allah alone is t he One Who guides and misguides, cont rary t o t he belief of t he Qadariyyah sect , who claimed t hat t he servant s choose and creat e t heir own dest iny. They rely on some unclear Ayat avoiding what is clear and cont radict s t heir desires. Theirs, is t he met hod of t he people who follow t heir lust , desire and wickedness. An aut hent ic Hadit h narrat ed,

マ ∠ ゃ͡ ャヱ⊥ほプ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ゼゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡» «∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ ∇ェゅ∠プ ぶ ⊥ や ヴｚヨシ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや (When you see t hose who follow what is not so clear in it (t he Qur'an), t hen t hey are t hose whom Allah has ment ioned (refer t o 3:7). Hence, avoid t hem.) The Prophet was referring t o Allah's st at ement ,

ヮ∠ ら∠ ⇒∠ゼゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Β∠ プ∠ ∀ヒ∇Α∠コ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴプ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤ͡Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや∠ヱ る͡ レ∠ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ (So as for t hose in whose heart s t here is a deviat ion (from t he t rut h) t hey follow t hat which is not ent irely clear t hereof, seeking Al-Fit nah (polyt heism and t rials), and seeking for it s hidden meanings)(3:7). Verily, no innovat or in t he religion could ever rely on any aut hent ic evidence in t he Qur'an t hat t est ifies t o his innovat ion. The Qur'an came t o dist inguish bet ween t rut h and falsehood, and guidance and misguidance. The Qur'an does not cont ain any discrepancies or cont radict ions, because it is a revelat ion from t he Most Wise, Wort hy of all praise.

Saying Amin It is recommended t o say Amin aft er finishing t he recit at ion of Al-Fat ihah. Amin means, "O Allah! Accept our invocat ion.'' The evidence t hat saying Amin is recommended is cont ained in what Imams Ahmad, Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi recorded, t hat Wa'il bin Huj r said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah recit e,

びリ ∠ Βあャべｚツャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ツ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ぴ (Not (t hat ) of t hose who earned Your anger, nor of t hose who went ast ray), and he said ` Amin' ext ending it wit h his voice.'' Abu Dawud's narrat ion added, "Raising his voice wit h it .'' At -Tirmidhi t hen comment ed t hat t his Hadit h is Hasan and was also narrat ed from ` Ali and Ibn Mas` ud. Also, Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat whenever t he Messenger of Allah would recit e,

びリ ∠ Βあャべｚツャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ツ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ぴ (Not (t he way) of t hose who earned Your anger, nor of t hose who went ast ray), He would say Amin unt il t hose who were behind him in t he first line could hear him. Abu Dawud and Ibn Maj ah recorded t his Hadit h wit h t he addit ion, "Then t he Masj id would shake because of (t hose behind t he Prophet ) recit ing Amin.'' Also, Ad-Daraqut ni recorded t his Hadit h and comment ed t hat it is Hasan. Furt her, Bilal narrat ed t hat he said, "O Messenger of Allah! Do not finish saying Amin before I can j oin you.'' This was recorded by Abu Dawud. In addit ion, Abu Nasr Al-Qushayri narrat ed t hat Al-Hasan and Ja` far As-Sadiq st ressed t he ` m' in Amin. Saying Amin is recommended for t hose who are not praying (when recit ing Al-Fat ihah) and is st rongly recommended for t hose who are praying, whet her alone or behind t he Imam. The Two Sahihs recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヮ⊥ レ⊥ Β͡ョ∇ほゎ∠ ペ ∠ プ∠ や∠ヱ ∇リョ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩やヲ⊥レョあ ほ∠プ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ョみ͡∇ャや リ ∠ ョｚ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡» «ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ルク∠ ∇リョ͡ ュ∠ ギｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ビ ⊥ る͡ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ Β͡ョ∇ほゎ∠ (When t he Imam says, ' Amin', t hen say, 'Amin', because whoever says, Amin' wit h t he angels, his previous sins will be forgiven.) Muslim recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヶ͡プ る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩∠リΒ͡ョへ :り͡ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や∠クま͡» ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ビ ⊥ ン∠ゲ∇カほ⊥∇ャや ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ や∠ギ∇ェま͡ ∇ろボ∠ プ∠ や∠ヲプ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡ョへ :͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや «ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ルク∠ ∇リョ͡ ュ∠ ギｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ (When any of you says in t he prayer, 'Amin ` and t he angels in heaven say, ` Amin', in unison, his previous sins will be forgiven.) It was said t hat t he Hadit h t alks about bot h t he angels and t he Muslims saying Amin at t he same t ime. The Hadit h also refers t o when t he Amins said by t he angels and t he Muslims are equally sincere (t hus bringing about forgiveness). Furt her, it is recorded in Sahih Muslim t hat Abu Musa relat ed t o t he Prophet t hat he said,

:やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボプ∠ ∩∠リΒあャゅｚツャや ゅ∠ャヱ∠ : ュ∠ ゅ∠ョみ͡∇ャや ヶ͡レバ∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や∠クま͡» «ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇らイ ͡ Α⊥ ∩∠リΒ͡ョへ (When t he Imam says, ` Walad-dallin', say, ` Amin' and Allah will answer your invocat ion.) In addit ion, At -Tirmidhi said t hat ` Amin' means, "Do not disappoint our hope'', while t he maj orit y of scholars said t hat it means. "Answer our invocat ion.'' Also, in his Musnad, Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` A'ishah said t hat when t he Jews were ment ioned t o him, t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ルヱ⊥ギジ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ルヱ⊥ギジ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ∇リャ∠ ユ⊥ヰルｚ ま͡» ∩ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ やヲぁヤッ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ルや∠ギワ∠ ヶ͡わャｚや る͡ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ やヲぁヤッ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ルや∠ギワ∠ ヶ͡わャｚや る͡ ヤ∠∇らボ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ «リ ∠ Β͡ョへ :ュ͡ ゅ∠ョみ͡∇ャや ブ ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠レャ͡∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ (They will not envy us for anyt hing more t han t hey envy us for Friday which we have been guided t o, while t hey were led ast ray from it , and for t he Qiblah which we were guided t o, while t hey were led ast ray from it , and for our saying ` Amin' behind t he Imam.) Also, Ibn Maj ah recorded t his Hadit h wit h t he wording,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ゎギ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ゎギ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ» «リ ͡ Β͡ョ∇ほわｚ ャや∠ヱ ュ͡ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや (The Jews have never envied you more t han for your saying t he Salam (Islamic greet ing) and for saying Amin.) rgiveness). veneooA ? Furt her, it is recorded in Sahih Muslim t hat Abu Musa relat ed t o t he Prophet t hat he said,

:やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボプ∠ ∩∠リΒあャゅｚツャや ゅ∠ャヱ∠ : ュ∠ ゅ∠ョみ͡∇ャや ヶ͡レバ∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や∠クま͡» «ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇らイ ͡ Α⊥ ∩∠リΒ͡ョへ (When t he Imam says, ` Walad-dallin', say, ` Amin' and Allah will answer your invocat ion.)

In addit ion, At -Tirmidhi said t hat ` Amin' means, "Do not disappoint our hope'', while t he maj orit y of scholars said t hat it means. "Answer our invocat ion.'' Also, in his Musnad, Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` A'ishah said t hat when t he Jews were ment ioned t o him, t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ルヱ⊥ギジ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ルヱ⊥ギジ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ∇リャ∠ ユ⊥ヰルｚ ま͡» ∩ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ やヲぁヤッ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ルや∠ギワ∠ ヶ͡わャｚや る͡ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ やヲぁヤッ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ルや∠ギワ∠ ヶ͡わャｚや る͡ ヤ∠∇らボ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ «リ ∠ Β͡ョへ :ュ͡ ゅ∠ョみ͡∇ャや ブ ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠レャ͡∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ (They will not envy us for anyt hing more t han t hey envy us for Friday which we have been guided t o, while t hey were led ast ray from it , and for t he Qiblah which we were guided t o, while t hey were led ast ray from it , and for our saying ` Amin' behind t he Imam.) Also, Ibn Maj ah recorded t his Hadit h wit h t he wording,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ゎギ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ゎギ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ» «リ ͡ Β͡ョ∇ほわｚ ャや∠ヱ ュ͡ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや (The Jews have never envied you more t han for your saying t he Salam (Islamic greet ing) and for saying Amin.)

Surat Al-Baqarah

Which was revealed in Al-Madinah The Virt ues of Surat Al-Baqarah In Musnad Ahmad, Sahih Muslim, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i, it is recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,

ぺ⊥ゲ∠ ∇ボゎ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚや ろ ∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥らホ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ∠ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ラゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ り͡ ゲ∠ ボ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥シ ヮ͡ Β͡プ (Do not t urn your houses int o graves. Verily, Shayt an does not ent er t he house where Surat AlBaqarah is recit ed.) At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih. Also, ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "Shayt an flees from t he house where Surat Al-Baqarah is heard.'' This Hadit h was collect ed by An-Nasa'i in Al-Yawm wal-Laylah, and Al-Hakim recorded it in his Must adrak, and t hen said t hat it s chain of narrat ion is aut hent ic, alt hough t he Two Sahihs did not collect it . In his Musnad, Ad-Darimi recorded t hat Ibn Mas` ud said, "Shayt an depart s t he house where Surat Al-Baqarah is being recit ed, and as he leaves, he passes gas.'' Ad-Darimi also recorded t hat Ash-Sha` bi said t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "Whoever recit es t en Ayat from Surat Al-Baqarah in a night , t hen Shayt an will not ent er his house t hat night . (These t en Ayat are) four from t he beginning, Ayat Al-Kursi (255), t he following t wo Ayat (256-257) and t he last t hree Ayat .'' In anot her narrat ion, Ibn Mas` ud said, "Then Shayt an will not come near him or his family, nor will he be t ouched by anyt hing t hat he dislikes. Also, if t hese Ayat were t o be recit ed over a senile person, t hey would wake him up.'' Furt her, Sahl bin Sa` d said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩⊥りゲ∠ ボ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ラ ͡ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ュ∠ ゅ∠レシ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ョゅ∠レシ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡» ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ∇ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ る⇔ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ワぺ∠ゲ∠ ホ∠ ∇リョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ヰル∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ワぺ∠ゲ∠ ホ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∃メゅ∠Βャ∠ ゐ ∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ «ュゅｚΑぺ∠ る∠ を∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや (Everyt hing has a hump (or, high peek), and Al-Baqarah is t he high peek of t he Qur'an. Whoever recit es Al-Baqarah at night in his house, t hen Shayt an will not ent er t hat house for t hree night s. Whoever recit es it during a day in his house, t hen Shayt an will not ent er t hat house for t hree days.) This Hadit h was collect ed by Abu Al-Qasim At -Tabarani, Abu Hat im Ibn Hibban in his Sahih and Ibn Marduwyah. At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "The Messenger of Allah sent an expedit ion force comprising of many men and asked each about what t hey memorized of t he Qur'an. The Prophet came t o one of t he youngest men among t hem and asked him, ` What have you memorized (of t he Qur'an) young man' He said, ` I memorized such and such Surahs and also Al-Baqarah.' The Prophet said, ` You memorized Surat Al-Baqarah' He said, ` Yes.' The Prophet said, ` Then you are t heir commander.' One of t he not ed men (or chiefs) comment ed, ` By Allah! I did not learn Surat Al-Baqarah, for fear t hat I would not be able t o implement it . The Messenger of Allah said,

∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ラ ͡ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ∠ ん∠ ョ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩⊥ロヱ⊥￢ゲ∠ ∇ホや∠ヱ ラ ∠ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ャや やヲ⊥ヨヤｚバ∠ ゎ∠ » ゅ⇔ム∇ジョ͡ ヲ∠ ゼ ⊥ ∇エョ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲィ ͡ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ュ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∃ラゅ∠ムョ∠ あモミ⊥ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ エ ⊥ Α͡ケ ゥ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘΑ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ヶ ∠ ミ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲィ ͡ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ヮ͡ プ͡ ∇ヲィ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇ゲΒ∠ プ∠ «マ∇ジョ͡ (Learn Al-Qur'an and recit e it , for t he example of whoever learns t he Qur'an, recit es it and adheres t o it , is t he example of a bag t hat is f ull of musk whose scent fills t he air. The example of whoever learns t he Qur'an and t hen sleeps (i.e. lazy) while t he Qur'an is in his memory, is t he example of a bag t hat has musk, but is closed t ight .) This is t he wording collect ed by At -Tirmidhi, who said t hat t his Hadit h is Hasan. In anot her narrat ion, At -Tirmidhi recorded t his same Hadit h in a Mursal manner, so Allah knows best . Also, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Usayd bin Hudayr said t hat he was once recit ing Surat AlBaqarah while his horse was t ied next t o him. The horse st art ed t o make some noise. When Usayd st opped recit ing, t he horse st opped moving about . When he resumed reading, t he horse st art ed moving about again. When he st opped recit ing, t he horse st opped moving, and when he resumed reading, t he horse st art ed t o move again. Meanwhile, his son Yahya was close t o t he horse, and he feared t hat t he horse might st ep on him. When he moved his son back, he looked up t o t he sky and saw a cloud radiat ing wit h light t hat looked like lamps. In t he morning, he went t o t he Prophet and t old him what had happened and t hen said, "O Messenger of Allah! My son Yahya was close t o t he horse and I feared t hat she might st ep on him. When I at t ended t o him and raised my head t o t he sky, I saw a cloud wit h light s like lamps. So I went , but I couldn't see it .'' The Prophet said, "Do you know what t hat was'' He said, "No.'' The Prophet said,

れ ∠ ∇ぺゲ∠ ホ∠ ヲ∠ャヱ∠ マ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ヲダ ∠ ャ͡ ∇ろル∠ キ∠ る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ » «ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ン∠ケやヲ∠わゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ろ ∠ ∇エら∠ ∇タほ∠ャ∠ (They were t he angels, t hey came close hearing your voice (recit ing Surat Al-Baqarah), and if you had kept reading, t he people would have been able t o see t he angels when t he morning came, and t he angels would not be hidden from t heir eyes.) This is t he narrat ion report ed by Imam Abu Ubayd Al-Qasim bin Salam in his book Fada'il AlQur'an.

Virtues of Surat Al-Baqarah and Surat Al ` Imran

Imam Ahmad said t hat Abu Nu` aym narrat ed t o t hem t hat Bishr bin Muhaj ir said t hat ` Abdullah bin Buraydah narrat ed t o him from his fat her, "I was sit t ing wit h t he Prophet and I heard him say,

ゅ∠ヰミ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀るミ∠ ゲ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ワグ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ ボ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや り∠ ケ∠ ヲ⊥シ やヲ⊥ヨヤｚバ∠ ゎ∠ » «る∠ヤト ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∀りゲ∠ ∇ジェ ∠ (Learn Surat Al-Baqarah, because in learning it t here is blessing, in ignoring it t here is sorrow, and t he sorceresses cannot memorize it .) He kept silent for a while and t hen said,

ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ラ ∠ や∠ゲ∇ヨハ ͡ メ ∠ へ∠ヱ り͡ ゲ∠ ボ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや り∠ ケ∠ ヲ⊥シ やヲ⊥ヨヤｚバ∠ ゎ∠ » ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∠ら͡ェゅ∠タ ラ ͡ ゅｚヤヌ ͡ Α⊥ ∩͡ラや∠ヱや∠ゲ∇ワゴｚ ャや ゲ∃ ∇Βデ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ホ∇ゲプ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わΑ∠ ゅ∠Βビ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わョ∠ ゅ∠ヨビ ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ら∠ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タ ヴボ∇ヤΑ∠ ラ ∠ へゲ⊥ボ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩ｚフや∠ヲタ ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ょ ͡ ェ ͡ ゅｚゼャや モ ͡ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャゅ∠ミ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇らホ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ペ ぁゼ ∠ ∇レΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ .マ ∠ プ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ハぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨ヶ͡レプ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ͡ ィ ͡ や∠ヲヰ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ マ ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ほヨ∠ ∇ニぺ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ラ ⊥ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ら⊥ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タ ∩͡ヮゎ͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠イゎ͡ ￢͡ や∠ケヱ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゲ∃ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ゎ ｚモミ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲヰ∠ ∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ト∇バΒ⊥ プ∠ り∃ ケ∠ ゅ∠イゎ͡ あモミ⊥ ￢͡ や∠ケヱ∠ ∇リョ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ァ ⊥ ゅ∠ゎ ヮ͡ シ ͡ ∇ぺケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ⊥ ッ ∠ ヲ⊥Αヱ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ヨゼ ͡ よ͡ ギ∠ ∇ヤガ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ レ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∠ャ ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わヤｚェ ⊥ ロ⊥ や∠ギャ͡や∠ヱ ヴ∠ジ∇ムΑ⊥ ∠ヱ ∩͡ケゅ∠ホヲ∠ ∇ャや グ͡ ∇カほ∠よ͡ :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∨や∠グワ∠ ゅ∠レΒ͡ジミ⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ :ラ ͡ ゅ∠ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ァ ͡ ケ∠ キ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ギバ∠ ∇タや∠ヱ ∇ぺゲ∠ ∇ホや :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ラ ∠ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨミ⊥ ギ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠

や６グワ∠ ぺ⊥ゲ∇ボΑ∠ ュ∠ や∠キ ゅ∠ョ キ∃ ヲ⊥バタ ⊥ ヶ͡プ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰプ͡ ゲ∠ ビ ⊥ ヱ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや «ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡ゎ∇ゲゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ (Learn Surat Al-Baqarah and Al ` Imran because t hey are t wo light s and t hey shade t heir people on t he Day of Resurrect ion, j ust as t wo clouds, t wo spaces of shade or t wo lines of (flying) birds. The Qur'an will meet it s companion in t he shape of a pale-faced man on t he Day of Resurrect ion when his grave is opened. The Qur'an will ask him, 'Do you know me' The man will say, 'I do not know you.' The Qur'an will say, 'I am your companion, t he Qur'an, which has brought you t hirst during t he heat and made you st ay up during t he night . Every merchant has his cert ain t rade. But , t his Day, you are behind all t ypes of t rade.' Kingship will t hen be given t o him in his right hand, et ernal life in his left hand and t he crown of grace will be placed on his head. His parent s will also be grant ed t wo garment s t hat t he people of t his life could never afford. They will say, 'Why were we grant ed t hese garment s' It will be said, 'Because your son was carrying t he Qur'an.' It will be said (t o t he reader of t he Qur'an), 'Read and ascend t hrough t he levels of Paradise.' He will go on ascending as long as he recit es, whet her recit ing slowly or quickly.)'' Ibn Maj ah also recorded part of t his Hadit h from Bishr bin Al-Muhaj ir, and t his chain of narrat ors is Hasan, according t o t he crit eria of Imam Muslim. A part of t his Hadit h is also support ed by ot her Hadit hs. For inst ance, Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Umamah Al-Bahili said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワほ∠ャ͡ ∀ノ͡プゅ∠セ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ラ ∠ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや やヱ⊥ぺゲ∠ ∇ホや» ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ルｚ ͡み∠プ ∩∠ラや∠ゲ∇ヨハ ͡ メ ∠ へ∠ヱ り∠ ゲ∠ ボ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ∩͡リ∇Αヱ∠ や∠ゲ∇ワゴｚ ャや やヱ⊥ぺゲ∠ ∇ホや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ルｚ ∠ほ∠ミ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩͡ラゅ∠わョ∠ ゅ∠ヨビ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ルｚ ∠ほ∠ミ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ͡ラゅ∠Β͡ゎ∇ほ∠Α ∩ｚフや∠ヲタ ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βデ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ホ∇ゲプ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ルｚ ∠ほ∠ミ ∇ヱぺ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わΑ∠ ゅ∠Βビ ∠ «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ラ ͡ ゅｚィゅ∠エΑ⊥ (Read t he Qur'an, because it will int ercede on behalf of it s people on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Read t he t wo light s, Al-Baqarah and Al ` Imran, because t hey will come in t he shape of t wo clouds, t wo shades or t wo lines of birds on t he Day of Resurrect ion and will argue on behalf of t heir people on t hat Day.) The Prophet t hen said,

り∀ ゲ∠ ∇ジェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰミ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ る∀ ミ∠ ゲ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ワグ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ ボ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや やヱ⊥ぺゲ∠ ∇ホや » «る∠ヤト ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ (Read Al-Baqarah, because in having it t here is blessing, and in ignoring t here is a sorrow and t he sorceresses cannot memorize it .) Also, Imam Muslim narrat ed t his Hadit h in t he Book of Prayer Imam Ahmad narrat ed t hat An-Nawwas bin Sam` an said t hat t he Prophet said,

やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ͡ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ » «ラや∠ゲ∇ヨハ ͡ メ ⊥ へ∠ヱ り͡ ゲ∠ ボ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥シ ユ⊥ヰョ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α (On t he Day of Resurrect ion t he Qur'an and it s people who used t o implement it will be brought fort h, preceded by Surat Al-Baqarah and Al ` Imran.) An-Nawwas said, "The Prophet set t hree examples for t hese t wo Surahs and I did not forget t hese examples ever since. He said,

ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ͡ や∠ヱや∠キヲ∠シ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わヤｚニ ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩͡ラゅ∠わョ∠ ゅ∠ヨビ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ルｚ ∠ほ∠ミ» ∩ｚフや∠ヲタ ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βデ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ホ∇ゲプ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ルｚ ∠ほ∠ミ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∀ベ∇ゲセ ∠ «ゅ∠ヨ͡ヰ͡ら͡ェゅ∠タ ∇リハ ∠ ラ ͡ ゅｚィゅ∠エΑ⊥ (They will come like t wo clouds, t wo dark shades or t wo lines of birds arguing on behalf of t heir people.) It was also recorded in Sahih Muslim and At -Tirmidhi narrat ed t his Hadit h, which he rendered Hasan Gharib.

Surat Al-Baqarah was revealed in Al-Madinah There is no disagreement over t he view t hat Surat Al-Baqarah was revealed in it s ent iret y in AlMadinah. Moreover, Al-Baqarah was one of t he first Surahs t o be revealed in Al-Madinah, while, Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ

(And be afraid of t he Day when you shall be brought back t o Allah.) (2:281) was t he last Ayah t o be revealed from t he Qur'an. Also, t he Ayat about usury were among t he last Ayat t o be revealed. Khalid bin Ma` dan used t o call Al-Baqarah t he Fust at (t ent ) of t he Qur'an. Some of t he scholars said t hat it cont ains a t housand news incident s, a t housand commands and a t housand prohibit ions. Those who count said t hat t he number of Al-Baqarah's Ayat is t wo hundred and eight y-seven, and it s words are six t housand t wo hundred and t went y-one words. Furt her, it s let t ers are t went y-five t housand five hundred. Allah knows best . Ibn Jurayj narrat ed t hat ` At a' said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Surat Al-Baqarah was revealed in AlMadinah.'' Also, Khasif said from Muj ahid t hat ` Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr said; "Surat Al-Baqarah was revealed in Al-Madinah.'' Several Imams and scholars of Tafsir issued similar st at ement s, and t here is no difference of opinion over t his as we have st at ed. The Two Sahihs recorded t hat Ibn Mas` ud kept t he Ka` bah on his left side and Mina on his right side and t hrew seven pebbles (at t he Jamrah) and said, "The one t o whom Surat Al-Baqarah was revealed (i.e. t he Prophet ) performed Rami (t he Haj j rit e of t hrowing pebbles) similarly.'' The Two Sahihs recorded t his Hadit h. Furt her, Ibn Marduwyah report ed a Hadit h of Shu` bah from ` Aqil bin Talhah from ` Ut bah bin Mart had; "The Prophet saw t hat his Companions were not in t he first lines and he said,

«り∠ゲボ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや り͡ ケ∠ ヲ⊥シ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ ゅ∠Α» (O Companions of Surat Al-Baqarah.) I Think t hat t his incident occurred during t he bat t le of Hunayn when t he Companions ret reat ed. Then, t he Prophet commanded Al-` Abbas (his uncle) t o yell out ,

«り∠ゲイ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ ゅ∠Α» (O Companions of t he t ree!) meaning t he Companions who part icipat ed in t he pledge of ArRidwan (under t he t ree). In anot her narrat ion, Al- ` Abbas cried, "O Companions of Surat AlBaqarah!'' encouraging t hem t o come back, so t hey ret urned from every direct ion. Also, during t he bat t le of Al-Yamamah, against t he army of Musaylimah t he Liar, t he Companions first ret reat ed because of t he huge number of soldiers in Musaylimah's army. The Muhaj irun and t he Ansar called out for each ot her, saying; "O people of Surat Al-Baqarah!'' Allah t hen gave t hem vict ory over t heir enemy, may Allah be pleased wit h all of t he companions of all t he Messengers of Allah.

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ び ユャやぴ (In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful) (1. Alif Lam Mim).

The Discussion of the Individual Letters

The individual let t ers in t he beginning of some Surahs are among t hose t hings whose knowledge Allah has kept only for Himself. This was report ed from Abu Bakr, ` Umar, ` Ut hman, ` Ali and Ibn Mas` ud. It was said t hat t hese let t ers are t he names of some of t he Surahs. It was also said t hat t hey are t he beginnings t hat Allah chose t o st art t he Surahs of t he Qur'an wit h. Khasif st at ed t hat Muj ahid said, "The beginnings of t he Surahs, such as Qaf, Sad, Ta Sin Mim and Alif Lam Ra, are j ust some let t ers of t he alphabet .'' Some linguist s also st at ed t hat t hey are let t ers of t he alphabet and t hat Allah simply did not cit e t he ent ire alphabet of t went y-eight let t ers. For inst ance, t hey said, one might say, "My son recit es Alif, Ba, Ta, Tha... '' he means t he ent ire alphabet alt hough he st ops before ment ioning t he rest of it . This opinion was ment ioned by Ibn Jarir.

The Letters at the Beginning of Surahs If one removes t he repet it ive let t ers, t hen t he number of let t ers ment ioned at t he beginning of t he Surahs is fourt een: Alif, Lam, Mim, Sad, Ra, Kaf, Ha, Ya, ` Ayn, Ta, Sin, Ha, Qaf, Nun. So glorious is He Who made everyt hing subt ly reflect His wisdom. Moreover, t he scholars said, "There is no doubt t hat Allah did not reveal t hese let t ers for j est and play.'' Some ignorant people said t hat some of t he Qur'an does not mean anyt hing, (meaning, such as t hese let t ers) t hus commit t ing a maj or mist ake. On t he cont rary, t hese let t ers carry a specific meaning. Furt her, if we find an aut hent ic narrat ion leading t o t he Prophet t hat explains t hese let t ers, we will embrace t he Prophet 's st at ement . Ot herwise, we will st op where we were made t o st op and will proclaim,

びゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ぴ (We believe in it ; all of it (clear and unclear verses) is from our Lord) (3:7). The scholars did not agree on one opinion or explanat ion regarding t his subj ect . Therefore, whoever t hinks t hat one scholar's opinion is correct , he is obliged t o follow it , ot herwise it is bet t er t o refrain from making any j udgment on t his mat t er. Allah knows best .

These Letters testify to the Miraculous Qur'an The wisdom behind ment ioning t hese let t ers in t he beginning of t he Surahs, regardless of t he exact meanings of t hese let t ers, is t hat t hey t est ify t o t he miracle of t he Qur'an. Indeed, t he servant s are unable t o produce somet hing like t he Qur'an, alt hough it is comprised of t he same let t ers wit h which t hey speak t o each ot her. This opinion was ment ioned by Ar-Razi in his Tafsir who relat ed it t o Al-Mubarrid and several ot her scholars. Al-Qurt ubi also relat ed t his opinion t o Al-Farra' and Qut rub. Az-Zamakhshari agreed wit h t his opinion in his book, Al-Kashshaf. In addit ion, t he Imam and scholar Abu Al-` Abbas Ibn Taymiyyah and our Shaykh Al-Hafiz Abu AlHaj j aj Al-Mizzi agreed wit h t his opinion. Al-Mizzi t old me t hat it is also t he opinion of Shaykh Al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah. KAz-Zamakhshari said t hat t hese let t ers, "Were not all ment ioned once in t he beginning of t he Qur'an. Rat her, t hey were repeat ed so t hat t he challenge (against t he creat ion) is more daring. Similarly, several st ories were ment ioned repeat edly in t he Qur'an,

and also t he challenge was repeat ed in various areas (i.e., t o produce somet hing like t he Qur'an). Somet imes, one let t er at a t ime was ment ioned, such as Sad, Nun and Qaf. Somet imes t wo let t ers were ment ioned, such as

び ユ⇒ェぴ (Ha Mim) (44:1) Somet imes, t hree let t ers were ment ioned, such as,

び ユャやぴ (Alif Lam Mim (2: 1)) and four let t ers, such as,

びゲヨャやぴ (` Alif Lam Mim Ra) (13:1), and

び ゾヨャやぴ (Alif Lam Mim Sad) (7:1). Somet imes, five let t ers were ment ioned, such as,

び ゾバΒヰミぴ (Kaf Ha Ya ` Ayn Sad) (19:1), and;

び ユ͡ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ Α͡ゴレ∠ゎ - ユ⇒ェぴ (Ha Mim. ` Ayn Sin Qaf) (42:1-2). This is because t he words t hat are used in speech are usually comprised of one, t wo, t hree, four, or five let t ers.'' Every Surah t hat begins wit h t hese let t ers demonst rat es t he Qur'an's miracle and magnificence, and t his fact is known by t hose well-versed in such mat t ers. The count of t hese Surahs is t went y-nine. For inst ance, Allah said,

びヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ユャやぴ

(Alif Lam Mim) This is t he Book (t he Qur'an), wherein t here is no doubt (2:1-2),

リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ユャやぴ びヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョ⊥ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ (Alif Lam Mim. Allah! La ilaha illa Huwa (none has t he right t o be worshipped but He), AlHayyul-Qayyuum (t he Ever Living, t he One Who sust ains and prot ect s all t hat exist s). It is He Who has sent down t he Book (t he Qur'an) t o you (Muhammad ) wit h t rut h, confirming what came before it .) (3:1-3), and,

ポ ∠ ケ͡ ∇ギタ ∠ ヴ͡プ リ⊥ムΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ ゾヨャやぴ びヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ァ ∀ ゲ∠ ェ ∠ (Alif Lam Mim Sad. (This is t he) Book (t he Qur'an) sent down unt o you (O Muhammad ), so let not your breast be narrow t herefrom) (7:1-2). Also, Allah said,

リ ∠ ョ͡ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ァ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガわ⊥ ャ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∀ゆゅ∠わ͡ミ ゲャやぴ び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ͡ケヲぁレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや (Alif Lam Ra. (This is) a Book which We have revealed unt o you (O Muhammad ) in order t hat you might lead mankind out of darkness (of disbelief and polyt heism) int o t he light (of belief in t he Oneness of Allah and Islamic Monot heism) by t heir Lord's leave) (14:1),

びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ユャやぴ (Alif Lam Mim. The revelat ion of t he Book (t his Qur'an) in which t here is no doubt , is from t he Lord of t he ` Alamin (mankind, Jinn and all t hat exist s)!) (32:1-2),

び ユ͡ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ Α͡ゴレ∠ゎ - ユ⇒ェぴ (Ha Mim. A revelat ion from (Allah) t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful) (41:1-2), and,

- ユ͡ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ Α͡ゴレ∠ゎ - ユ⇒ェぴ ン͡ク ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ͡ Α͡ギセ ∠ ゆ ͡ ∇ヲわｚ ャや モ ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ょ ͡ ルｚグャや ゲ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠ビ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲト ｚ ャや (Ha Mim. ` Ain Sin Qaf. Likewise Allah, t he Almight y, t he Wise sends revelat ion t o you (O Muhammad ) as (He sent revelat ion t o) t hose before you.) (42:1-3). There are several ot her Ayat t hat t est ify t o what we have ment ioned above, and Allah knows best .

びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (2. That is Book in which t here is no Rayb, guidance for t he Mut t aqin).

There is no Doubt in the Qur'an The Book, is t he Qur'an, and Rayb means doubt . As-Suddi said t hat Abu Malik and Abu Salih narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas, and Murrah Al-Hamadani narrat ed from Ibn Mas` ud and several ot her Companions of t he Messenger of Allah t hat ,

びヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (In which t here is no Rayb), means about which t here is no doubt . Abu Ad-Darda', Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Abu Malik, Nafi` ` At a', Abu Al-` Aliyah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Muqat il bin Hayyan, As-Suddi, Qat adah and Isma` il bin Abi Khalid said similarly. In addit ion, Ibn Abi Hat im said, "I do not know of any disagreement over t his explanat ion.'' The meaning of t his is t hat t he Book, t he Qur'an, is wit hout a doubt revealed from Allah. Similarly, Allah said in Surat As- Saj dah,

びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ユャやぴ (Alif Lam Mim). The revelat ion of t he Book (t his Qur'an) in which t here is no doubt , is from t he Lord of all t hat exist s) (32:1-2). Some scholars st at ed t hat t his Ayah - 2:2 - cont ains a prohibit ion meaning, "Do not doubt t he Qur'an.'' Furt hermore, some of t he recit ers of t he Qur'an pause upon reading,

びょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ぴ

(t here is no doubt ) and t hey t hen cont inue;

びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プぴ (in which t here is guidance for t he Mut t aqin (t he pious and right eous persons)). However, it is bet t er t o pause at ,

びヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (in which t here is no doubt ) because in t his case,

びン⇔ギワ⊥ ぴ (guidance) becomes an at t ribut e of t he Qur'an and carries a bet t er meaning t han,

びン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プぴ (in which t here is guidance).

Guidance is granted to Those Who have Taqwa Hidayah - correct guidance - is only grant ed t o t hose who have Taqwa - fear of Allah. Allah said,

Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ∠ヱ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヴ⇔ヨハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇ホ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ や∠クや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ びギ∃ Β͡バよ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョｚ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヱキ∠ ゅ∠レΑ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ (Say: It is for t hose who believe, a guide and a healing. And as for t hose who disbelieve, t here is heaviness (deafness) in t heir ears, and it (t he Qur'an) is blindness for t hem. They are t hose who are called from a place far away (so t hey neit her list en nor underst and)) (41:44), and,

る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケゅ∠ジカ ∠ Ι ｚ ま∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ

(And We send down of t he Qur'an t hat which is a healing and a mercy t o t hose who believe (in Islamic Monot heism and act on it ), and it increases t he Zalimin (wrongdoers) in not hing but loss) (17:82). This is a sample of t he numerous Ayat indicat ing t hat t he believers, in part icular, benefit from t he Qur'an. That is because t he Qur'an is it self a form of guidance, but t he guidance in it is only grant ed t o t he right eous, j ust as Allah said,

∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リｚョ る∀ ヌ ∠ハ ͡ ∇ヲョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ∠Αぴ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヨャあ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ∠ヱ び (O mankind! There has come t o you a good advice from your Lord (i. e. t he Qur'an, enj oining all t hat is good and forbidding all t hat is evil), and a healing for t hat (disease of ignorance, doubt , hypocrisy and differences) which is in your breast s, a guidance and a mercy (explaining lawful and unlawful t hings) for t he believers) (10:57). Ibn ` Abbas and Ibn Mas` ud and ot her Companions of t he Messenger of Allah said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ぴ (guidance for t he Mut t aqin (t he pious and right eous persons), means, a light for t hose who have Taqwa.

The Meaning of Al-Muttaqin Ibn ` Abbas said about ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ぴ (guidance for t he Mut t aqin) t hat it means, "They are t he believers who avoid Shirk wit h Allah and who work in His obedience.'' Ibn ` Abbas also said t hat Al-Mut t aqin means, "Those who fear Allah's punishment , which would result if t hey abandoned t he t rue guidance t hat t hey recognize and know. They also hope in Allah's mercy by believing in what He revealed.'' Furt her, Qat adah said t hat ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあぴ (Al-Mut t aqin), are t hose whom Allah has described in His st at ement ;

びり∠ ヲヤｚダャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Who believe in t he Ghayb and perform t he Salah) (2:3), and t he following Ayat . Ibn Jarir st at ed t hat t he Ayah (2:2) includes all of t hese meanings t hat t he scholars have ment ioned, and t his is t he correct view. Also, At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah narrat ed t hat ` At iyah As-Sa` di said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ャゅ∠ョ ネ ∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボｚわヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ギ⊥ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや ヒ⊥ ヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «サ∇ほよ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚヨョ͡ や⇔ケグ∠ ェ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ サ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ (The servant will not acquire t he st at us of t he Mut t aqin unt il he abandons what is harmless out of fear of falling int o t hat which is harmful.) At -Tirmidhi t hen said "Hasan Gharib.''

There are Two Types of Hidayah (Guidance) Huda here means t he fait h t hat resides in t he heart , and only Allah is able t o creat e it in t he heart of t he servant s. Allah said,

びろ ∠ ∇らら∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ン͡ギ∇ヰゎ∠ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, you (O Muhammad ) guide not whom you like) (28:56),

び∇ユワ⊥ や∠ギワ⊥ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ (Not upon you (Muhammad ) is t heir guidance) (2:272),

びヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヵ ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠ワ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョぴ (Whomsoever Allah sends ast ray, none can guide him) (7:186), and,

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∇モヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ギ͡ わ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ リ∠ョぴ びや⇔ギセ ͡ ∇ゲョぁ ゅ６Βャ͡ヱ∠ (He whom Allah guides, he is t he right ly guided; but he whom He sends ast ray, for him you will find no Wali (guiding friend) t o lead him (t o t he right pat h)) (18:17).

Huda also means t o explain t he t rut h, give direct ion and lead t o it . Allah, t he Exalt ed, said,

びユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰわ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, you (O Muhammad ) are indeed guiding (mankind) t o t he st raight pat h (i.e. Allah's religion of Islamic Monot heism)) (42: 52),

びキ∃ ゅ∠ワ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ モ あ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∀ケ͡グレ⊥ョ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (You are only a warner, and t o every people t here is a guide) (13:7), and,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠ヨバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲぁらエ ∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ヰ∠ プ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや (And as for Thamud, We showed and made clear t o t hem t he pat h of t rut h (Islamic Monot heism) t hrough Our Messenger (i.e. showed t hem t he way of success), but t hey preferred blindness t o guidance) (41:17). t est ifying t o t his meaning. Also, Allah said,

びリ ͡ Α∠ギ∇イレｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ワ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And shown him t he t wo ways (good and evil).) (90:10) This is t he view of t he scholars who said t hat t he t wo ways refer t o t he pat hs of right eousness and evil, which is also t he correct explanat ion. And Allah knows best .

Meaning of Taqwa The root meaning of Taqwa is t o avoid what one dislikes. It was report ed t hat ` Umar bin AlKhat t ab asked Ubayy bin Ka` b about Taqwa. Ubayy said, "Have you ever walked on a pat h t hat has t horns on it '' ` Umar said, "Yes.'' Ubayy said, "What did you do t hen'' He said, "I rolled up my sleeves and st ruggled.'' Ubayy said, "That is Taqwa.''

びょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ

(3.Those Who have fait h in t he Ghayb).

The Meaning of Iman Abu Ja` far Ar-Razi said t hat Al-` Ala' bin Al-Musayyib bin Rafi` narrat ed from Abu Ishaq t hat Abu Al-Ahwas said t hat ` Abdullah said, "Iman is t o t rust .''. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ぴ (who have fait h) means t hey t rust . Also, Ma` mar said t hat Az-Zuhri said, "Iman is t he deeds.'' In addit ion, Abu Ja` far Ar-Razi said t hat Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said t hat , ` They have fait h', means, t hey fear (Allah). Ibn Jarir (At -Tabari) comment ed, "The prefered view is t hat t hey be described as having fait h in t he Unseen by t he t ongue, deed and creed. In t his case, fear of Allah is included in t he general meaning of Iman, which necessit at es following deeds of t he t ongue by implement at ion. Hence, Iman is a general t erm t hat includes affirming and believing in Allah, His Books and His Messengers, and realizing t his affirmat ion t hrough adhering t o t he implicat ions of what t he t ongue ut t ers and affirms.'' Linguist ically, in t he absolut e sense, Iman merely means t rust , and it is used t o mean t hat somet imes in t he Qur'an, for inst ance, Allah t he Exalt ed said,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ぴ (He t rust s (yu'minu) in Allah, and t rust s (yu'minu) in t he believers.) (9: 61) Prophet Yusuf's brot hers said t o t heir fat her,

びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ゅｚレミ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レャｚ リ ∃ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (But you will never believe us even when we speak t he t rut h) (12:17). Furt her, t he word Iman is somet imes ment ioned along wit h deeds, such as Allah said,

びろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Save t hose who believe (in Islamic Monot heism) and do right eous deeds) (95:6). However, when Iman is used in an unrest rict ed manner, it includes beliefs, deeds, and st at ement s of t he t ongue.We should st at e here t hat Iman increases and decreases.

There are many narrat ions and Hadit hs on t his subj ect , and we discussed t hem in t he beginning of our explanat ion of Sahih Al-Bukhari, all favors are from Allah. Some scholars explained t hat Iman means Khashyah (fear of Allah). For inst ance, Allah said;

びょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who fear t heir Lord unseen (i.e. t hey do not see Him, nor His punishment in t he Hereaft er)) (67:12), and,

びょ ∃ Β͡レョぁ ょ ∃ ∇ヤボ∠ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヴ ∠ゼ ͡カ ∠ ∇リョｚ ぴ (Who feared t he Most Gracious (Allah) in t he Ghayb (unseen) and brought a heart t urned in repent ance (t o Him and absolut ely free from every kind of polyt heism)) (50: 33). Fear is t he core of Iman and knowledge, j ust as Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び￢⊥ ゅ∠ヨヤ∠バ⊥ ∇ャや ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (It is only t hose who have knowledge among His servant s t hat fear Allah) (35:28).

The Meaning of Al-Ghayb As for t he meaning of Ghayb here, t he Salaf have different explanat ions of it , all of which are correct , indicat ing t he same general meaning. For inst ance, Abu Ja` far Ar-Razi quot ed Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, report ing from Abu Al-` Aliyah about Allah's st at ement , i

びょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ぴ ((Those who) have fait h in t he Ghayb), "They believe in Allah, His angels, Books, Messengers, t he Last Day, His Paradise, Fire and in t he meet ing wit h Him. They also believe in life aft er deat h and in Resurrect ion. All of t his is t he Ghayb.'' Qat adah bin Di` amah said similarly. Sa` id bin Mansur report ed from ` Abdur-Rahman bin Yazid who said, "We were sit t ing wit h ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud when we ment ioned t he Companions of t he Prophet and t heir deeds being superior t o our deeds. ` Abdullah said, ` The mat t er of Muhammad was clear for t hose who saw him. By He ot her t han Whom t here is no God, no person will ever acquire a bet t er t ype of fait h t han believing in Al-Ghayb.' He t hen recit ed,

リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ユャやぴ びょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや (Alif Lam Mim. This is t he Book, wherein t here is no doubt , a guidance for t he Mut t aqin. Those who believe in t he Ghayb), unt il,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャやぴ (t he successful). '' Ibn Abi Hat im, Ibn Marduwyah and Al-Hakim, in his Must adrak, recorded t his Hadit h. Al-Hakim comment ed t hat t his Hadit h is aut hent ic and t hat t he Two Shaykhs - AlBukhari and Muslim - did not collect it , alt hough it meet s t heir crit eria. Ahmad recorded a Hadit h wit h similar meaning from Ibn Muhayriz who said: I said t o Abu Jumu` ah, "Narrat e a Hadit h for us t hat you heard from t he Messenger of Allah.'' He said, "Yes. I will narrat e a good Hadit h for you. Once we had lunch wit h t he Messenger of Allah . Abu ` Ubaydah, who was wit h us, said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Are people bet t er t han us We embraced Islam wit h you and performed Jihad wit h you.' He said,

«ヶ͡ル∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヶ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » (Yes, t hose who will come aft er you, who will believe in me alt hough t hey did not see me.)'' This Hadit h has anot her rout e collect ed by Abu Bakr bin Marduwyah in his Tafsir, from Salih bin Jubayr who said: ` Abu Jumu` ah Al-Ansari, t he Companion of t he Messenger of Allah , came t o Bayt Al-Maqdis (Jerusalem) t o perform t he prayer. Raj a' bin Haywah was wit h us, so when Abu Jumu` ah finished, we went out t o greet him. When he was about t o leave, he said, "You have a gift and a right . I will narrat e a Hadit h for you t hat I heard from t he Messenger of Allah. '' We said, "Do so, and may Allah grant you mercy.'' He said, "We were wit h t he Messenger of Allah, t en people including Mu` adh bin Jabal. We said, "O Messenger of Allah! Are t here people who will acquire great er rewards t han us We believed in Allah and followed you.' He said,

∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ヰ⊥ ∇ニぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ぶ ͡ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ レ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ» ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇モよ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヶ ͡ ∇ェヲ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ͡ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀ゆゅ∠わ͡ミ «リ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚ ョ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ユ⊥ ヌ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ャヱ⊥ぺ ∩͡ヮΒ͡プ (What prevent s you from doing so, while t he Messenger of Allah is among you, bringing you t he revelat ion from heaven There are people who will come aft er you and who will be given a book

bet ween t wo covers (t he Qur'an), and t hey will believe in it and implement it s commands. They have a great er reward t han you, even t wice as much.)''

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅヨｚ ョ͡ ヱ∠ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And perform Salah, and spend out of what we have provided for t hem)

Meaning of Iqamat As-Salah Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

びり∠ ヲヤｚダャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And perform t he Salah), means, "Perform t he prayer wit h all of t he obligat ions t hat accompany it .'' Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Iqamat As-Salah means t o complet e t he bowings, prost rat ions, recit at ion, humbleness and at t endance for t he prayer.'' Qat adah said, "Iqamat As-Salah means t o preserve punct ualit y, and t he ablut ion, bowings, and prost rat ions of t he prayer.'' Muqat il bin Hayyan said Iqamat As-Salah means "To preserve punct ualit y for it , as well as complet ing ones purit y for it , and complet ing t he bowings, prost rat ions, recit at ion of t he Qur'an, Tashahhud and blessings for t he Prophet . This is Iqamat As-Salah.''

The Meaning of "Spending'' in this Ayah Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱぴ (And spend out of what We have provided for t hem) means, "The Zakah due on t heir wealt h.'' As-Suddi said t hat Abu Malik and Abu Salih narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas, as well as Murrah from Ibn Mas` ud and ot her Companions of t he Messenger of Allah , t hat ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱぴ (And spend out of what We have provided for t hem) means, "A man's spending on his family. This was before t he obligat ion of Zakah was revealed.'' Juwaybir narrat ed from Ad-Dahhak, "General spending (in charit y) was a means of drawing nearer t o Allah, according t o one's discret ion and capabilit y. Unt il t he obligat ion of charit y was revealed in t he seven Ayat of Surat Bara'ah (chapt er 9), were revealed. These abrogat ed t he previous case.'' In many inst ances, Allah ment ioned prayer and spending wealt h t oget her. Prayer is a right of Allah as well as a form of worshipping Him. It includes singling Him out for one's devot ion, praising Him, glorifying Him, supplicat ing t o Him, invoking Him, and it displays one's dependence upon Him. Spending is form of kindness t owards creat ures by giving t hem what will benefit t hem, and t hose people most deserving of t his charit y are t he relat ives, t he wife, t he

servant s and t hen t he rest of t he people. So all t ypes of required charit y and required spending are included in Allah's saying,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱぴ (And spend out of what we have provided for t hem). The Two Sahihs recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ り͡ キ∠ ゅ∠ヰセ ∠ :ザ ∃ ∇ヨカ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや ヶ ∠ レ͡ よ⊥ » ￢͡ ゅ∠わΑ͡まヱ∠ ∩͡りゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ュ͡ ゅ∠ホま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ やギ⇔ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ «ろ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ア あェ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ラゅ∠ツョ∠ ケ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡りゅ∠ミゴｚ ャや (Islam is built upon five (pillars): Test ifying t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah and t hat Muhammad is t he Messenger of Allah, est ablishing t he prayer, giving Zakah, fast ing Ramadan and Haj j t o t he House.) There are many ot her Hadit hs on t his subj ect .

The Meaning of Salah In t he Arabic language, t he basic meaing of Salah is supplicat ion. In religious t erminology, Salah is used t o refer t o t he act s of bowing and prost rat ion, t he remaining specified act s associat ed wit h it , specificed at cert ain t imes, wit h t hose known condit ions, and t he charact erist ics, and requirement s t hat are well-known about it .

リ͡ョ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡ ∇Εゅ͡よヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ (4. And who have fait h in what is revealed t o you and in what was revealed before you, and in t he Hereaft er t hey are cert ain.) Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

リ͡ョ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ びマ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠

(And who have fait h in what is revealed t o you and in what was revealed before you.) means, "They believe in what Allah sent you wit h, and in what t he previous Messengers were sent wit h, t hey do not dist inguish bet ween (believing) t hem, nor do t hey rej ect what t hey brought from t heir Lord.''

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡ ∇Εゅ͡よヱ∠ ぴ (And in t he Hereaft er t hey are cert ain) t hat is t he resurrect ion, t he st anding (on t he Day of Resurrect ion), Paradise, t he Fire, t he reckoning and t he t he Scale t hat weighs t he deeds (t he Mizan). The Hereaft er is so named because it comes aft er t his eart hly life.

Attributes of the Believers The people described here (2:4) are t hose whom Allah described in t he preceding Ayah,

ゅｚヨョ͡ ヱ∠ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ (Those who have fait h in t he Ghayb and perform Salah, and spend out of what we have provided for t hem.) Muj ahid once st at ed, "Four Ayat at t he beginning of Surat Al-Baqarah describe t he believers, t wo describe t he disbelievers, and t hirt een describe t he hypocrit es.'' The four Ayat ment ioned in t his st at ement are general and include every believer, whet her an Arab, non-Arab, or a person of a previous Script ure, whet her t hey are Jinns or humans. All of t hese at t ribut es complement each ot her and require t he exist ence of t he ot her at t ribut es. For inst ance, it is not possible t hat one believes in t he Unseen, performs t he prayer and gives Zakah wit hout believing in what t he Messenger of Allah and t he previous Messengers were sent wit h. The same wit h cert aint y in t he Hereaft er, t his is not correct wit hout t hat , for Allah has commanded t he believers,

ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ ン͡グャｚや ͡ょ⇒∠わ͡ム∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ン͡グャｚや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ びモ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ メ ∠ ゴ∠ルぺ∠ (O you who believe! Believe in Allah, and His Messenger, and t he Book (t he Qur'an) which He has revealed t o t he Messenger, and t he Book which He sent own t o t hose before (him)) (4:136),

リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ⇒∠イゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ び∀ギ͡ェや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠レヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ (And argue not wit h t he People of t he Book, unless it be in (a way) t hat is bet t er, except wit h such of t hem as do wrong; and say (t o t hem): "We believe in t hat which has been revealed t o us and revealed t o you; our Ilah (God) and your Ilah (God) is One (i.e. Allah)') (29:46),

ゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ∠ル ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや べ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ び∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョ⊥ (O you who have been given t he Book (Jews and Christ ians)! Believe in what We have revealed (t o Muhammad ) confirming what is (already) wit h you) (4:47), and,

∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボゎ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ジャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠⇒∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱ り∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや (Say (O Muhammad ): "O People of t he Book (Jews and Christ ians)! You have not hing unt il you act according t o t he Tawrah (Torah), t he Inj il (Gospel), and what has (now) been revealed t o you from your Lord (t he Qur'an).'') (5:68). Also, Allah t he Exalt ed described t he believers;

ヮ͡ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨ͡よ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ぴ ヮ͡ ら͡ わ⊥ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ びヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケぁ リあョ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ベ ⊥ あゲヘ∠ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ (The Messenger (Muhammad ) believes in what has been revealed t o him from his Lord, and (so do) t he believers. Each one believes in Allah, His Angels, His Books, and His Messengers. (They say,) "We make no dist inct ion bet ween any of His Messengers'') (2: 285), and,

ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲあ ヘ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ (And t hose who believe in Allah and His Messengers and make no dist inct ion bet ween any of t hem (Messengers)) (4:152), This is a sample of t he Ayat t hat indicat e t hat t he t rue believers all believe in Allah, His Messengers and His Books. The fait hful among t he People of t he Book, have a special significance here, since t hey believe in t heir Books and in all of t he det ails relat ed t o t hat , so when such people embrace Islam and sincerely believe in t he det ails of t he religion, t hen t hey will get t wo rewards. As for t he ot hers, t hey can only believe in t he previous religious t eachings in a general way. For inst ance, t he Prophet st at ed,

ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ を∠ ギ∠ ェ ∠ や∠クま͡» ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ∇ルぺ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ へ :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ホギ͡ ダ ∠ ゎ⊥ «ユ⊥ム∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ∇ルぺ⊥ヱ∠ (When t he People of t he Book narrat e t o you, neit her rej ect nor affirm what t hey say. Rat her, say, 'We believe in what was revealed t o us and what was revealed t o you.') However, t he fait h t hat many Arabs have in t he religion of Islam as it was revealed t o Muhammad might be more complet e, encompassing and firmer t han t he fait h of t he People of t he Book who embraced Islam. Therefore, if t he believers in Islam among t he People of t he Book gain t wo rewards, ot her Muslims who have firmer Islamic fait h might gain an equal reward t hat compares t o t he t wo t he People of t he Book gain (upon embracing Islam). And Allah knows best .

ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや (5. They are on guidance from t heir Lord, and t hey are t he successful.)

Guidance and Success are awarded to the Believers Allah said,

びマ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (They are) refers t o t hose who believe in t he Unseen, est ablish t he prayer, spend from what Allah has grant ed t hem, believe in what Allah has revealed t o t he Messenger and t he Messengers before him, believe in t he Hereaft er wit h cert aint y, and prepare t he necessary requirement s for t he Hereaft er by performing good deeds and avoiding t he prohibit ions. Allah t hen said,

びン⇔ギワ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ぴ (On guidance) meaning, t hey are (following) a light , guidance, and have insight from Allah,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey are t he successful) meaning, in t his world and t he Hereaft er. They shall have what t hey seek and be saved from t he evil t hat t hey t ried t o avoid. Therefore, t hey will have rewards, et ernal life in Paradise, and safet y from t he t orment t hat Allah has prepared for His enemies.

∇ユャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ケグ∠ ル∠ぺ￢∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ͡ レ⊥ゎ -(6. Verily, t hose who disbelieve, it is t he same t o t hem whet her you warn t hem or do not warn t hem, t hey will not believe.) Allah said,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who disbelieve) meaning, covered t he t rut h and hid it . Since Allah has writ t en t hat t hey would do so, it does not mat t er if you (O Muhammad ) warn t hem or not , t hey would st ill have disbelieved in what you were sent wit h. Similarly, Allah said,

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ユ∠ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る∃ Α∠ や￢ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠

(Truly, t hose against whom t he Word (wrat h) of your Lord has been j ust ified, will not believe. Even if every sign should come t o t hem, unt il t hey see t he painful t orment ) (10:96-97). About t he rebellious People of t he Book, Allah said,

ゅｚョ る∃ Α∠ や∠￢ あモム⊥ よ͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ろ ∠ ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びマ ∠ わ∠ ヤ∠∇らホ͡ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎ∠ (And even if you were t o bring t o t he People of t he Book (Jews and Christ ians) all t he Ayat , t hey would not follow your Qiblah (prayer direct ion)) (2:5). These Ayat indicat e t hat whomever Allah has writ t en t o be miserable, t hey shall never find anyone t o guide t hem t o happiness, and whomever Allah direct s t o misguidance, he shall never find anyone t o guide him. So do not pit y t hem - O Muhammad - deliver t he Message t o t hem. Cert ainly, whoever among t hem accept s t he Message, t hen he shall gain t he best rewards. As for t hose who t urn away in rej ect ion, do not feel sad for t hem or concerned about t hem, for

びゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プぴ (Your dut y is only t o convey (t he Message) and on Us is t he reckoning) (13: 40), and,

び∀モΒ͡ミヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (But you are only a warner. And Allah is a Wakil (Disposer of affairs, Trust ee, Guardian) over all t hings) (11:12). ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about Allah's st at ement ,

∇ユャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ケグ∠ ル∠ぺ￢∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ͡ レ⊥ゎ (Verily, t hose who disbelieve, it is t he same t o t hem whet her you (O Muhammad ) warn t hem or do not warn t hem, t hey will not believe) "That t he Messenger of Allah was eager for all t he people t o believe and follow t he guidance he was sent wit h. Allah informed him t hat none would believe except for t hose whom He decreed happiness for in t he first place, and none would st ray except t hose who Allah has decreed t o do so in t he first place.''

ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ バ͡ ∇ヨシ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ わ∠ カ ∠ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ヌハ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∀り∠ヲ⇒∠ゼ͡ビ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ (7. Allah has set a seal on t heir heart s and on t heir hearing, and on t heir eyes t here is a covering. Theirs will be a great t orment ).

Meaning of Khatama As-Suddi said t hat ,

びヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ∠ わ∠ カ ∠ぴ (Khat ama Allah) means, "Allah has sealed.'' Qat adah said t hat t his Ayah means, "Shayt an cont rolled t hem when t hey obeyed him. Therefore, Allah sealed t heir heart s, hearing and sight , and t hey could neit her see t he guidance nor hear, comprehend or underst and.'' Ibn Jurayj said t hat Muj ahid said,

び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ∠ わ∠ カ ∠ぴ (Allah has set a seal on t heir heart s), "A st amp. It occurs when sin resides in t he heart and surrounds it from all sides, and t his submersion of t he heart in sin const it ut es a st amp, meaning a seal.'' Ibn Jurayj also said t hat t he seal is placed on t he heart and t he hearing. In addit ion, Ibn Jurayj said, t hat ` Abdullah bin Kat hir narrat ed t hat Muj ahid said, "The st ain is not as bad as t he st amp, t he st amp is not as bad as t he lock which is t he worst t ype.'' Al-A` mash said, "Muj ahid demonst rat ed wit h his hand while saying, ` They used t o say t hat t he heart is j ust like t his - meaning t he open palm. When t he servant commit s a sin, a part of t he heart will be rolled up - and he rolled up his index finger. When t he servant commit s anot her sin, a part of t he heart will be rolled up' - and he rolled up anot her finger, unt il he rolled up all of his fingers. Then he said, ` Then, t he heart will be sealed.' Muj ahid also said t hat t his is t he descript ion of t he Ran (refer t o 83:14).'' Al-Qurt ubi said, "The Ummah has agreed t hat Allah has described Himself wit h sealing and closing t he heart s of t he disbelievers, as a punishment for t heir disbelief. Similarly, Allah said,

び∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ノ∠ ら∠ デ ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, Allah has set a seal upon t heir heart s because of t heir disbelief) (4:155).'' He t hen ment ioned t he Hadit h about changing t he heart s, (in which t he Prophet supplicat ed),

«マ͡レΑ͡キ ヴヤ∠ハ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ろらあ を∠ ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ヤ͡ボ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠Α»

(O You Who changes t he heart s, make our heart s firm on Your religion.) He also ment ioned t he Hadit h by Hudhayfah recorded in t he Sahih, in which t he Messenger of Allah said,

や⇔キヲ⊥ハ ゲ͡ Β͡ダエ ∠ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ⊥ わ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ャや チ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇バゎ⊥ » ￢⊥ や∠キ∇ヲシ ∠ ∀る∠わ∇ムル⊥ ヮΒ͡プ ろ ∠ ム͡ ル⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∠よ͡ゲ∇セぺ⊥ ょ ∃ ∇ヤホ∠ ヵ ぁ ほ∠プ∠ ∩や⇔キヲ⊥ハ ヴわ∠ェ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ツ∇Βよ∠ ∀る∠わ∇ムル⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ろ ∠ ム͡ ル⊥ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ム∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ょ ∃ ∇ヤホ∠ ヵ ぁ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヘダ ｚ ャや モ ͡ ∇んョ͡ ヂ ∠ Β∠ ∇よぺ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ :リ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ∠ Β͡ダゎ∠ ゲ⊥ カ ∠ べ∇ャや∠ヱ チ ⊥ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ れ ⊥ や∠ヲヨ∠ ジ ｚ ャや ろ ͡ ョ∠ や∠キ ゅ∠ョ る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ロ⊥ ぁゲツ ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ⇔プヱ⊥ゲ∇バョ∠ フ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ゅ⇔Βガ あ ∠イョ⊥ コ͡ ヲ⊥ム∇ャゅ∠ミ や６キゅ∠よ∇ゲョ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ «や⇔ゲム∠ ∇レョ⊥ ゲ⊥ ム͡ ∇レΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ (The Fit an (t rials, t est s) are offered t o t he heart s, j ust as t he st raws t hat are sewn int o a woven mat , one aft er anot her. Any heart t hat accept s t he Fit an, t hen a black dot will be engraved on it . Any heart t hat rej ect s t he Fit an, t hen a whit e dot will be engraved on it . The heart s will t herefore become t wo cat egories: whit e, j ust like t he barren rock; no Fit nah shall ever harm t his cat egory as long as t he heavens and eart h st ill exist . Anot her cat egory is black, j ust as t he cup t hat is t urned upside down, for t his heart does not recognize right eousness or renounce evil. ) Ibn Jarir said, "The t rut h regarding t his subj ect is what t he aut hent ic Hadit h from t he Messenger of Allah st at ed. Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヶ͡プ ￢∠ や∠キ∇ヲシ ∠ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ムル⊥ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ ょ ∠ ル∠ ∇クぺ∠ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ ョ͡ ぽ⊥ヨ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ヤホ∠ モ ∠ ボ͡ タ ∠ ょ ∠ わ∠ ∇バわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ネ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ヮら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヵ͡グャｚや ラ ⊥ やｚゲャや マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠プ ∩⊥ヮら∠ ∇ヤホ∠ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇バゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇れキ∠ や∠コ キ∠ やコ∠ :ヴャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ や∠ケ ∇モよ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ

(When t he believer commit s a sin, a black dot will be engraved on his heart . If he repent s, refrains and regret s, his heart will be polished again. If he commit s more errors, t he dot s will increase unt il t hey cover his heart . This is t he Ran (st ain) t hat Allah described,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ や∠ケ ∇モよ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay! But on t heir heart s is t he Ran (st ain) which t hey used t o earn)'' (83:14). At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah recorded t his Hadit h, and At -Tirmidhi said t hat it is Hasan Sahih.

The Meaning of Ghishawah Recit ing t he Ayah,

び∇ユヰ͡ バ͡ ∇ヨシ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ∠ わ∠ カ ∠ぴ (Allah has set a seal on t heir heart s and on t heir hearing), t hen pausing, t hen cont inuing wit h,

び∀り∠ヲ⇒∠ゼ͡ビ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (And on t heir eyes t here is a Ghishawah (covering)) is accurat e, for t he st amp is placed on t he heart and t he hearing while t he Ghishawah, t he covering, is appropriat ely placed on t he eyes. In his Tafsir, As-Suddi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas and Ibn Mas` ud said about Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ͡ バ͡ ∇ヨシ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ∠ わ∠ カ ∠ぴ (Allah has set a seal on t heir heart s and on t heir hearing), "So t hat t hey neit her underst and nor hear. Allah also said t hat He placed a covering on t heir sight , meaning eyes, and so, t hey do not see.''

The Hypocrites We ment ioned t hat four Ayat in t he beginning of Surat Al-Baqarah described t he believers. The t wo last Ayat (2:6-7) describe t he disbelievers. Aft erwards, Allah begins t o describe t he hypocrit es who show belief and hide disbelief. Since t he mat t er of t he hypocrit es is vague and many people do not realize t heir t rue realit y, Allah ment ioned t heir descript ion in det ail. Each of t he charact erist ics t hat Allah used t o described t hem wit h is a t ype of hypocrisy it self. Allah revealed Surat Bara'ah (chapt er 9) and Surat Al-Munafiqun (chapt er 63) about t he hypocrit es. He also ment ioned t he hypocrit es in Surat An-Nur (24) and ot her Surahs, so t hat t heir descript ion would be known and t heir ways and errors could be avoided. Allah said,

ゲ͡ カ ͡ ∇Εや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギ͡ ⇒∠ガΑ⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ｚ まラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (8. And of mankind, t here are some who say: "We believe in Allah and t he Last Day'' while in fact t hey do not believe). (9. They t ry t o deceive Allah and t hose who believe, while t hey only deceive t hemselves, and perceive (it ) not !)

Meaning of Nifaq Nifaq means t o show conformit y - or agreement - and t o conceal evil. Nifaq has several t ypes: Nifaq in t he creed t hat causes it s people t o reside in Hell for et ernit y, and Nifaq in deed, which is one of t he maj or sins, as we will explain soon, Allah willing. Ibn Jurayj said of t he hypocrit e t hat , "His act ual deeds are different from what he publicizes, what he conceals is different from what he ut t ers, his ent rance and presence are not t he same as his exit and absence.''

The Beginning of Hypocrisy

The revelat ions about t he charact erist ics of t he hypocrit es were revealed in Al-Madinah, t his is because t here were no hypocrit es in Makkah. Rat her t he opposit e was t he sit uat ion in Makkah, since some people were forced t o pret end t hat t hey were disbelievers, while t heir heart s concealed t heir fait h. Aft erwards, t he Messenger of Allah migrat ed t o Al-Madinah, where t he Ansar from t he t ribes of Aws and Khazraj resided. They used t o worship idols during t he preIslamic period of ignorance, j ust as t he rest of t he Arab idolat ors. Three Jewish t ribes resided in Al-Madinah, Banu Qaynuqa` -allies of Al-Khazraj , Banu An-Nadir and Banu Qurayzah-allies of t he Aws. Many members of t he Aws and Khazraj t ribes embraced Islam. However, only a few Jews embraced Islam, such as ` Abdullah bin Salam. During t he early st age in Al-Madinah, t here weren't any hypocrit es because t he Muslims were not st rong enough t o be feared yet . On t he cont rary, t he Messenger of Allah conduct ed peace t reat ies wit h t he Jews and several ot her Arab t ribes around Al-Madinah. Soon aft er, t he bat t le of Badr occurred and Allah gave vict ory t o Islam and it s people. ` Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul was a leader in Al-Madinah. He was AlKhazraj 's chief, and during t he period of Jahiliyyah he was t he mast er of bot h t ribes - Aws and Khazraj . They were about t o appoint him t heir king when t he Message reached Al-Madinah, and many in Al-Madinah embraced Islam. Ibn Salul's heart was filled wit h hat red against Islam and it s people. When t he bat t le of Badr t ook place, he said, "Allah's religion has become apparent .'' So he pret ended t o be Muslim, along wit h many of t hose who were j ust like him, as well as many among t he People of t he Book. It was t hen t hat hypocrisy began in Al-Madinah and among t he surrounding nomad t ribes. As for t he Emigrant s, none of t hem were hypocrit es, since t hey emigrat ed willingly (seeking t he pleasure of Allah). Rat her, when a Muslim would emigrat e from Makkah, he would be forced t o abandon all of his wealt h, offspring and land; he would do so seeking Allah's reward in t he Hereaft er.

The Tafsir of Ayah 2:8 Muhammad bin Ishaq narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

ゲ͡ カ ͡ ∇Εや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (And of mankind, t here are some who say: "We believe in Allah and t he Last Day'' while in fact t hey do not believe) "This refers t o t he hypocrit es among t he Aws and Khazraj and t hose who behaved as t hey did.'' This is how Abu Al-` Aliyah, Al-Hasan, Qat adah and As-Suddi explained t his Ayah. Allah revealed t he charact erist ics of t he hypocrit es, so t hat t he believers would not be deceived by t heir out er appearance, t hus saving t he believers from a great evil. Ot herwise, t he believers might t hink t hat t he hypocrit es were believers, when in realit y t hey are disbelievers. To consider t he sinners as right eous people is ext remely dangerous, Allah said,

ゲ͡ カ ͡ ∇Εや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (And of mankind, t here are some who say: "We believe in Allah and t he Last Day'' while in fact t hey do not believe) meaning, t hey ut t er t hese false st at ement s only wit h t heir t ongues, j ust as Allah said,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ぴ びヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シゲ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚま͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (When t he hypocrit es come t o you (O Muhammad ), t hey say: "We bear wit ness t hat you are indeed t he Messenger of Allah.'' Allah knows t hat you are indeed His Messenger) (63:1). This Ayah means t hat t he hypocrit es ut t er t hese st at ement s only when t hey meet you, not because t hey act ually believe what t hey are saying. The hypocrit es emphasize t heir belief in Allah and t he Last Day wit h t heir words, when t hat is not t he case in realit y. Therefore, Allah st at ed t hat t he hypocrit es lie in t heir t est imony of creed, when He said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah bears wit ness t hat t he hypocrit es are indeed liars.) (63:1), and,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (while in fact t hey believe not ) Allah said,

びやヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギ͡ ⇒∠ガΑ⊥ ぴ (They t ry t o deceive Allah and t hose who believe). The hypocrit es show belief out wardly while concealing disbelief. They t hink t hat by doing t his, t hey will mislead Allah, or t hat t he st at ement s t hey ut t er will help t hem wit h Allah, and t his is an indicat ion of t heir t ot al ignorance. They t hink t hat such behavior will deceive Allah, j ust as it might deceive some of t he believers. Similarly, Allah said,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΒ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ん⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (On t he Day when Allah will resurrect t hem all t oget her; t hen t hey will swear t o Him as t hey swear t o you. And t hey t hink t hat t hey have somet hing (t o st and upon). Verily, t hey are liars!) (58:18). aHence, Allah refut ed t heir way by saying,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ｚ まラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (While t hey only deceive t hemselves, and perceive (it ) not !) Allah st at ed t hat t he hypocrit es only deceive t hemselves by t his behavior, alt hough t hey are unaware of t his fact . Allah also said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ハ ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギ͡ ⇒∠ガΑ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he hypocrit es t ry t o deceive Allah, but it is He Who deceives t hem) (4:142). Also, Ibn Abi Hat im narrat ed t hat Ibn Jurayj comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ハ ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギ͡ ⇒∠ガΑ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ

(Verily, t he hypocrit es seek t o deceive Allah, but it is He Who deceives t hem), "The hypocrit es pronounce, ` There is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah' seeking t o ensure t he sanct it y of t heir blood and money, all t he while concealing disbelief.''Sa` id said t hat Qat adah said,

ゲ͡ カ ͡ ∇Εや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギ͡ ⇒∠ガΑ⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ｚ まラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (And of mankind, t here are some who say: "We believe in Allah and t he Last Day'' while in fact t hey believe not . They t ry t o deceive Allah and t hose who believe, while t hey only deceive t hemselves, and perceive (it ) not !) "This is t he descript ion of a hypocrit e. He is devious, he says t he t rut h wit h his t ongue and defies it wit h his heart and deeds. He wakes up in a condit ion ot her t han t he one he goes t o sleep in, and goes t o sleep in a different condit ion t han t he one he wakes up in. He changes his mind j ust like a ship t hat moves about whenever a wind blows.''

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ッゲ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ キ∠ や∠ゴプ∠ ∀チ∠ゲョｚ ユ͡ヰ͡よヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ (10. In t heir heart s is a disease and Allah has increased t heir disease. A painful t orment is t heirs because t hey used t o t ell lies.)

The Meaning of ` Disease' in this Ayah As-Suddi narrat ed from Abu Malik and (also) from Abu Salih, from Ibn ` Abbas, and (also) Murrah Al-Hamdani from Ibn Mas` ud and ot her Companions t hat t his Ayah,

び∀チ∠ゲョｚ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プぴ (In t heir heart s is a disease) means, ` doubt ', and,

びゅ⇔ッゲ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ キ∠ や∠ゴプ∠ ぴ (And Allah has increased t heir disease) also means ` doubt '. Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan AlBasri, Abu Al-` Aliyah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and Qat adah also said similarly. ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam comment ed on,

び∀チ∠ゲョｚ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴプ͡ ぴ (In t heir heart s is a disease), "A disease in t he religion, not a physical disease. They are t he hypocrit es and t he disease is t he doubt t hat t hey brought t o Islam.

びゅ⇔ッゲ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ キ∠ や∠ゴプ∠ ぴ (And Allah has increased t heir disease) meaning, increased t hem in shameful behavior.'' He also recit ed,

∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ や∠ゴプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ や∠ゴプ∠ ∀チ∠ゲョｚ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョぺ∠ヲ∠ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ び∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ィケ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ィケ͡ (As for t hose who believe, it has increased t heir fait h, and t hey rej oice. But as for t hose in whose heart s is a disease, it will add disgrace t o t heir disgrace.) (9:124-125) and comment ed, "Evil t o t heir evil and deviat ion t o t heir deviat ion.'' This st at ement by ` Abdur-Rahman is t rue, and it const it ut es a punishment t hat is compat ible t o t he sin, j ust as t he earlier scholars st at ed. Similarly, Allah said,

び ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヲボ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ キ∠ や∠コ ∇や∇ヱギ∠ わ∠ ∇ワや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (While as for t hose who accept guidance, He increases t heir guidance and grant s t hem t heir piet y) (47:17). Allah said next ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ぴ (Because t hey used t o t ell lies). The hypocrit es have t wo charact erist ics, t hey lie and t hey deny t he Unseen. The scholars who st at ed t hat t he Prophet knew t he hypocrit es of his t ime have only t he Hadit h of Hudhayfah bin Al-Yaman as evidence. In it t he Prophet gave him t he names of fourt een hypocrit es during t he bat t le of Tabuk. These hypocrit es plot t ed t o assassinat e t he Prophet during t he night on a hill in t hat area. They planned t o excit e t he Prophet 's camel, so t hat she would t hrow him down t he hill. Allah informed t he Prophet about t heir plot , and t he Prophet t old Hudhayfah t heir names.

As for t he ot her hypocrit es, Allah said about t hem,

モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レョ⊥ ゆ ͡ や∠ゲ∇ハｘΙや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ベ ͡ ゅ∠ヘレｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゲ∠ ョ∠ る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや び∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バル∠ (And among t he bedouins around you, some are hypocrit es, and so are some among t he people of Al-Madinah who persist in hypocrisy; you (O Muhammad ) know t hem not , We know t hem) (9:101), and,

∀チ∠ゲョｚ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ わ∠ レ∠Α ∇ユャｚ リ͡ゃャｚぴ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ レｚ Α∠ ゲ͡ ∇ピレ⊥ ャ∠ る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘィ ͡ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヘボ͡ を⊥ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∠リΒ͡ルヲ⊥バ∇ヤョｚ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ マ ∠ ル∠ ヱ⊥ケヱ͡ ゅ∠イΑ⊥ びΚ ⇔ Β͡わ∇ボゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわあ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ͡ ぺ⊥ (If t he hypocrit es, and t hose in whose heart s is a disease, and t hose who spread false news among t he people in Al-Madinah do not cease, We shall cert ainly let you overpower t hem, t hen t hey will not be able t o st ay in it as your neighbors but a lit t le while. Accursed, t hey shall be seized wherever found, and killed wit h a (t errible) slaught er) (33:60-61). These Ayat prove t hat t he Prophet was not informed about each and everyone among t he hypocrit es of his t ime. Rat her, t he Prophet was only informed about t heir charact erist ics, and he used t o assume t hat some people possessed t hese charact erist ics. Similarly, Allah said,

∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΒ͡ジよ͡ ユ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇プゲ∠ バ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ム∠ ⇒∠レ∇Αケ∠ Ε ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びメ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ ∇エャ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ プ∠ ゲ͡ ∇バわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ (Had We willed, We could have shown t hem t o you, and you should have known t hem by t heir marks; but surely, you will know t hem by t he t one of t heir speech!) (47:30). The most not orious hypocrit e at t hat t ime was ` Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul; Zayd bin Arqam t he Companion - gave t rut hful t est imony t o t hat effect . In addit ion, ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab once ment ioned t he mat t er of Ibn Salul t o t he Prophet , who said,

モ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ や⇔ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや ゐ ∠ ギｚ エ ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヶあルま͡» «ヮ∠よゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ (I would not like t he Arabs t o say t o each ot her t hat Muhammad is killing his Companions.) Yet , when Ibn Salul died, t he Prophet performed t he funeral prayer for him and at t ended his funeral j ust as he used t o do wit h ot her Muslims. It was recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Prophet said,

«れ∇ゲわ∠ ∇カゅ∠プ れ ⊥ ∇ゲあΒカ ⊥ ヶあルま͡» (I was given t he choice (t o pray for him or not ), so I chose.) In anot her narrat ion, t he Prophet said,

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ピΑ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ れ ⊥ ∇キコ͡ ∇ヲャ∠ ヶあルぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠» «れ∇キゴ͡ ャ∠ (If I knew t hat by asking (Allah t o forgive Ibn Salul) more t han sevent y t imes t hat He would forgive him, t hen I would do t hat .)

ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲャ⊥ゅ∠ホ チ ͡ ∇ケΕ ∠ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ Ι∠ぺ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ダョ⊥ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ｚ (11. And when it is said t o t hem: "Do not make mischief on t he eart h,'' t hey say: "We are only peacemakers.'') (12. Verily, t hey are t he ones who make mischief, but t hey perceive not .)

Meaning of Mischief In his Tafsir, As-Suddi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas and Ibn Mas` ud comment ed,

ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ チ ͡ ∇ケΕ ∠ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ダョ⊥ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ (And when it is said t o t hem: "Do not make mischief on t he eart h,'' t hey say: "We are only peacemakers.'') "They are t he hypocrit es. As for,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΕ ∠ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘゎ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ ("Do not make mischief on t he eart h''), t hat is disbelief and act s of disobedience.'' Abu Ja` far said t hat Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said t hat Abu Al-` Aliyah said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΕ ∠ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when it is said t o t hem: "Do not make mischief on t he eart h,''), means, "Do not commit act s of disobedience on t he eart h. Their mischief is disobeying Allah, because whoever disobeys Allah on t he eart h, or commands t hat Allah be disobeyed, he has commit t ed mischief on t he eart h. Peace on bot h t he eart h and in t he heavens is ensured (and earned) t hrough obedience (t o Allah).'' Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and Qat adah said similarly.

Types of Mischief that the Hypocrites commit Ibn Jarir said, "The hypocrit es commit mischief on eart h by disobeying t heir Lord on it and cont inuing in t he prohibit ed act s. They also abandon what Allah made obligat ory and doubt His religion, even t hough He does not accept a deed from anyone except wit h fait h in His religion and cert aint y of it s t rut h. The hypocrit es also lie t o t he believers by saying cont rary t o t he doubt and hesit at ion t heir heart s harbor. They give as much aid as t hey can, against Allah's loyal friends, and support t hose who deny Allah, His Books and His Messengers. This is how t he hypocrit es commit mischief on eart h, while t hinking t hat t hey are doing right eous work on eart h.'' The st at ement by Ibn Jarir is t rue, t aking t he disbelievers as friends is one of t he cat egories of mischief on t he eart h. Allah said,

ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Αグｚャや∠ヱぴ び ∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ∀キゅ∠ジ∠プ∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ (And t hose who disbelieve are allies of one anot her, if you do not do t his (help each ot her), t here will be t urmoil and oppression on t he eart h, and great mischief.) (8:73), In t his way Allah severed t he loyalt y bet ween t he believers and t he disbelievers. Similarly, Allah said,

￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ ぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ び ゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ (O you who believe! Do not t ake disbelievers as Awliya' (prot ect ors or helpers or friends) inst ead of believers. Do you wish t o offer Allah a manifest proof against yourselves) (4: 144). Allah t hen said,

リ∠ャヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ モ ͡ ヘ∠ ∇シΙ ｘやポ ͡ ∇ケギｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ (Verily, t he hyprocrit es will be in t he lowest dept h of t he Fire; no helper will you find for t hem) (4:145). Since t he out ward appearance of t he hypocrit e displays belief, he confuses t he t rue believers. Hence, t he deceit ful behavior of t he hypocrit es is an act of mischief, because t hey deceive t he believers by claiming what t hey do not believe in, and because t hey give support and loyalt y t o t he disbelievers against t he believers. If t he hypocrit e remains a disbeliever (rat her t han pret ending t o be Muslim), t he evil t hat result s from him would be less. Even bet t er, if t he hypocrit e becomes sincere wit h Allah and makes t he st at ement s t hat he ut t ers conform t o his deeds, he will gain success. Allah said,

ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ チ ͡ ∇ケΕ ∠ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ダョ⊥ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ (And when it is said t o t hem: "Do not make mischief on t he eart h,'' t hey say: "We are only peacemakers.'') meaning, "We seek t o be friends wit h bot h part ies, t he believers and t he disbelievers, and t o have peace wit h bot h part ies.'' Similarly, Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ チ ͡ ∇ケΕ ∠ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ダョ⊥ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠

(And when it is said t o t hem: "Do not make mischief on t he eart h,'' t hey say: "We are only peacemakers.'') means, "We seek t o make amends bet ween t he believers and t he People of t he Book. '' Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ Ι∠ぺぴ (Verily, t hey are t he ones who make mischief, but t hey perceive not .). This Ayah means t hat t he hypocrit es' behavior, and t heir claim t hat it is for peace, is it self mischief, alt hough in t heir ignorance, t hey do not see it t o be mischief.

∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ヨミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ￢⊥ べ∠ヰヘ∠ ジ ぁ ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヰヘ∠ ジ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ∠ へ べ∠ヨミ∠ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ぺ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ (13. And when it is said t o t hem: Believe as t he people believe,'' They say: "Shall we believe as t he fools have believed'' Verily, t hey are t he fools, but t hey do not know.) Allah said t hat if t he hypocrit es are t old,

びサ ⊥ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ヨミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ぴ ("Believe as t he people believe,''), meaning, ` Believe j ust as t he believers believe in Allah, His angels, His Books, His Messengers, Resurrect ion aft er deat h, Paradise and Hellfire, et c. And obey Allah and His Messenger by heeding t he commandment s and avoiding t he prohibit ions.' Yet t he hypocrit es answer by saying,

び￢⊥ べ∠ヰヘ∠ ジ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ∠ へ べ∠ヨミ∠ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ ("Shall we believe as t he fools have believed'') t hey meant (may Allah curse t he hypocrit es) t he Companions of t he Messenger of Allah . This is t he same Tafsir given by Abu Al-` Aliyah and AsSuddi in his Tafsir, wit h a chain of narrat ion t o Ibn ` Abbas, Ibn Mas` ud and ot her Companions. This is also t he Tafsir of Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam. The hypocrit es said, "Us and t hem having t he same st at us, following t he same pat h, while t hey are fools!'' ` The fool' is t he ignorant , simple-minded person who has lit t le knowledge in areas of benefit and harm. This is why, according t o t he maj orit y of t he scholars, Allah used t he t erm foolish t o include children, when He said,

∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ヰヘ∠ ジ ぁ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠Βホ͡ (And do not give your propert y, which Allah has made a means of support for you, t o t he foolish) (4:5). Allah answered t he hypocrit es in all of t hese inst ances. For inst ance, Allah said here,

び￢⊥ べ∠ヰヘ∠ ジ ぁ ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Verily, t hey are t he fools). Allah t hus affirmed t hat t he hypocrit es are indeed t he fools, yet ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (But t hey know not ). Since t hey are so t horoughly ignorant , t he hypocrit es are unaware of t heir degree of deviat ion and ignorance, and such sit uat ion is more dangerous, a severer case of blindness, and furt her from t he t rut h t han one who is aware.

∇や∇ヲヤ∠カ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ボャ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ Β͡ト⇒∠Βセ ∠ ヴャ∠ま͡ ヶ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁギヨ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ￢⊥ ン͡ゴ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ (14. And when t hey meet t hose who believe, t hey say: "We believe,'' but when t hey are alone wit h t heir Shayat in (devils), t hey say: "Truly, we are wit h you; verily, we were but mocking.'') (15. Allah mocks at t hem and leaves t hem increasing in t heir deviat ion t o wander blindly.)

The Hypocrites' Cunning and Deceit Allah said t hat when t he hypocrit es meet t he believers, t hey proclaim t heir fait h and pret end t o be believers, loyalist s and friends. They do t his t o misdirect , mislead and deceive t he believers. The hypocrit es also want t o have a share of t he benefit s and gains t hat t he believers might possibly acquire. Yet ,

び∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ Β͡ト⇒∠Βセ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヲヤ∠カ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(But when t hey are alone wit h t heir Shayat in), meaning, if t hey are alone wit h t heir devils, such as t heir leaders and mast ers among t he rabbis of t he Jews, hypocrit es and idolat ors.

Human and Jinn Devils Ibn Jarir said, "The devils of every creat ion are t he mischievous among t hem. There are bot h human devils and Jinn devils. Allah said,

ザ ͡ ∇ルΗ ͡や リ ∠ Β͡ト⇒∠Βセ ∠ や⇔ヱ∂ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヴ ｙ ら͡ ル͡ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや フ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇カコ⊥ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥Α リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ びや⇔ケヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ (And so We have appoint ed for every Prophet enemies Shayat in (devils) among mankind and Jinn, inspiring one anot her wit h adorned speech as a delusion (or by way of decept ion)) (6:112).

The Meaning of ` Mocking Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They say: "Truly, we are wit h you''). Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah means, "We are wit h you,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, we were but mocking), meaning, we only mock people (t he believers) and deceive t hem.'' Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, we were but mocking), means, "We (meaning t he hypocrit es) were mocking t he Companions of Muhammad.'' Also, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and Qat adah said similarly. Allah's st at ement ,

∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ ヶ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁギヨ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ￢⊥ ン͡ゴ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ (Allah mocks at t hem and leaves t hem increasing in t heir deviat ion t o wander blindly) answers t he hypocrit es and punishes t hem for t heir behavior. Ibn Jarir comment ed, "Allah ment ioned what He will do t o t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion, when He said,

∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ケヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ケや モ ∠ Β͡ホ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヲぁル リ͡ョ ∇ザら͡ わ∠ ∇ボル∠ ゅ∠ルヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ルや ∀ゆゅ∠よ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ケ∃ ヲ⊥ジよ͡ ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゆ ∠ ゲ͡ ツ ⊥ プ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ∇やヲジ ⊥ ヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プ びゆ ⊥ や∠グ∠バ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤ͡ら∠ ホ͡ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ヰ͡ ⇒∠ニヱ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェｚゲャや ヮ͡ Β͡プ ヮ⊥ レ⊥ デ ͡ ゅ∠よ (On t he Day when t he hypocrit es men and women will say t o t he believers: "Wait for us! Let us get somet hing from your light !'' It will be said: "Go back t o your rear! Then seek a light !'' So a wall will be put up bet ween t hem, wit h a gat e t herein. Inside it will be mercy, and out side it will be t orment .) (57:13), and,

∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∇ヨル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ヨ∠ ∇をま͡ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠キ∇ゴΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∇ヨル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル６Ι (And let not t he disbelievers t hink t hat Our post poning of t heir punishment is good for t hem. We post pone t he punishment only so t hat t hey may increase in sinfulness.) (3:178).'' He t hen said, "This, and it s like, is Allah's mockery of t he hypocrit es and t he people of Shirk.''

The Hypocrites suffering for their Plots Allah st at ed t hat He will punish t he hypocrit es for t heir mockery, using t he same t erms t o describe bot h t he deed and it s punishment , alt hough t he meaning is different . Similarly, Allah said,

ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヘハ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇んョあ る∀ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ る∃ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィほ∠プ∠

(The recompense for an offense is an offense equal t o it ; but whoever forgives and makes reconciliat ion, his reward is wit h Allah) (42:40), and,

びヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ン∠ギわ∠ ∇ハや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then whoever t ransgresses (t he prohibit ion) against you, t ransgress likewise against him) (2:194). The first act is an act of inj ust ice, while t he second act is an act of j ust ice. So bot h act ions carry t he same name, while being different in realit y. This is how t he scholars explain deceit , cunning and mocking when at t ribut ed t o Allah in t he Qur'an. Surely, Allah exact s revenge for cert ain evil act s wit h a punishment t hat is similar in nat ure t o t he act it self. We should affirm here t hat Allah does not do t hese t hings out of j oyful play, according t o t he consensus of t he scholars, but as a j ust form of punishment for cert ain evil act s.

Meaning of ` Leaves them increasing in their deviation to wander blindly Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ ヶ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁギヨ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Allah mocks at t hem and leaves t hem increasing in t heir deviat ion t o wander blindly). As-Suddi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, Ibn Mas` ud and several ot her Companions of t he Messenger of Allah said t hat ,

び∇ユワ⊥ ギぁ ヨ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and leaves t hem increasing) means, He gives t hem respit e. Also, Muj ahid said, "He (causes t heir deviat ion) t o increase.'' Allah said;

- リ ∠ Β͡レよ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∃ ゅｚョ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁギヨ͡ ル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ｚ モ∠よ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ネ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ジル⊥ (Do t hey t hink t hat by t he wealt h and t he children wit h which We augment t hem. (That ) We hast en t o give t hem wit h good t hings. Nay, but t hey perceive not .) (23:55-56). Ibn Jarir comment ed, "The correct meaning of t his Ayah is ` We give t hem increase from t he view of giving t hem respit e and leaving t hem in t heir deviat ion and rebellion.' Similarly, Allah said,

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ ょ ⊥ あヤボ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ グ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ (And We shall t urn t heir heart s and t heir eyes away (from guidance), as t hey refused t o believe in it t he first t ime, and We shall leave t hem in t heir t respass t o wander blindly). '' (6:110). Tughyan used in t his Ayah means t o t ransgress t he limit s, j ust as Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び る͡ Α∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ゅ∠ピデ ∠ ゅｚヨ∠ャ ゅｚル͡まぴ (Verily, when t he wat er Tagha (rose) beyond it s limit s, We carried you in t he ship) (69:11). Also, Ibn Jarir said t hat t he t erm ` Amah, in t he Ayah means, ` deviat ion'. He also said about Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ ヶ͡プぴ (in t heir deviat ion t o wander), "In t he misguidance and disbelief t hat has encompassed t hem, causing t hem t o be confused and unable t o find a way out of it . This is because Allah has st amped t heir heart s, sealed t hem, and blinded t heir vision. Therefore, t hey do not recognize guidance or find t he way out of t heir deviat ion.''

ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ る∠ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤツ ｚ ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇セや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇ヰョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠イゎあ ろ∠エ͡よ∠ケ (16. These are t hey who have purchased error wit h guidance, so t heir commerce was profit less. And t hey were not guided.) In his Tafsir, As-Suddi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas and Ibn Mas` ud comment ed on;

びン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ る∠ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤツ ｚ ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇セや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (These are t hey who have purchased error wit h guidance) saying it means, "They pursued misguidance and abandoned guidance. '' Muj ahid said, "They believed and t hen disbelieved,'' while Qat adah said, "They preferred deviat ion t o guidance.'' Qat adah's st at ement is similar in meaning t o Allah's st at ement about Thamud,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠ヨバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲぁらエ ∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ヰ∠ プ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや (And as for Thamud, We grant ed t hem guidance, but t hey preferred blindness t o guidance) (41:17). In summary, t he st at ement s t hat we have ment ioned from t he scholars of Tafsir indicat e t hat t he hypocrit es deviat e from t he t rue guidance and prefer misguidance, subst it ut ing wickedness in place of right eousness. This meaning explains Allah's st at ement ,

びン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ る∠ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤツ ｚ ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇セや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (These are t hey who have purchased error wit h guidance), meaning, t hey exchanged guidance t o buy misguidance. This meaning includes t hose who first believed, t hen lat er disbelieved, whom Allah described,

び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ∠ ら͡ ト ⊥ プ∠ やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ｚユを⊥ や∂ヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That is because t hey believed, and t hen disbelieved; t herefore t heir heart s are sealed) (63:3). The Ayah also includes t hose who preferred deviat ion over guidance. The hypocrit es fall int o several cat egories. This is why Allah said,

びリ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇ヰョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠イゎあ ろ∠エ͡よ∠ケ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (So t heir commerce was profit less. And t hey were not guided), meaning t heir t rade did not succeed nor were t hey right eous or right ly guided t hroughout all t his. In addit ion, Ibn Jarir narrat ed t hat Qat adah comment ed on t he Ayah,

びリ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇ヰョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠イゎあ ろ∠エ͡よ∠ケ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (So t heir commerce was profit less. And t hey were not guided), "By Allah! I have seen t hem leaving guidance for deviat ion, leaving t he Jama` ah (t he communit y of t he believers) for t he sect s, leaving safet y for fear, and t he Sunnah for innovat ion.'' Ibn Abi Hat im also report ed ot her similar st at ement s.

ゅ∠ョ ∇れ￢∠ ゅ∠ッぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ギ∠ ホ∠ ∇ヲわ∠ ∇シや ン͡グャｚや モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ョ∠ ぴ Ι ｚ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ミ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥レよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ょ ∠ ワ∠ ク∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∀ヴ∇ヨハ ⊥ ∀ユ∇ムよ⊥ ユｘ タ ⊥ - ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ダ∇らΑ⊥ (17. Their likeness is as t he likeness of one who kindled a fire; t hen, when it illuminat ed all around him, Allah removed t heir light and left t hem in darkness. (So) t hey could not see). (18. They are deaf, dumb, and blind, so t hey ret urn not (t o t he right pat h).)

The Example of the Hypocrites Allah likened t he hypocrit es when t hey bought deviat ion wit h guidance, t hus acquiring ut t er blindness, t o t he example of a person who st art ed a fire. When t he fire was lit , and illumnit at ed t he surrounding area, t he person benefit ed from it and felt safe. Then t he fire was suddenly ext inguished. Therefore, t ot al darkness covered t his person, and he became unable t o see anyt hing or find his way out of it . Furt her, t his person could not hear or speak and became so blind t hat even if t here were light , he would not be able t o see. This is why he cannot ret urn t o t he st at e t hat he was in before t his happened t o him. Such is t he case wit h t he hypocrit es who preferred misguidance over guidance, deviat ion over right eousness. This parable indicat es t hat t he hypocrit es first believed, t hen disbelieved, j ust as Allah st at ed in ot her part s of t he Qur'an. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥レよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ∠ ワ∠ ク∠ ぴ (Allah removed t heir light ) means, Allah removed what benefit s t hem, and t his is t he light , and He left t hem wit h what harms t hem, t hat is, t he darkness and smoke. Allah said,

びろ ∃ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ミ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And left t hem in darkness), t hat is t heir doubt s, disbelief and hypocrisy.

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ Ι ｚぴ ((So) t hey could not see) meaning, t hey are unable t o find t he correct pat h or find it s direct ion. In addit ion, t hey are,

びユｘ タ ⊥ ぴ

(deaf) and t hus cannot hear t he guidance,

び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ぴ (dumb) and cannot ut t er t he words t hat might benefit t hem,

びヴ⇔ヨハ ∠ぴ (and blind) in t ot al darkness and deviat ion. Similarly, Allah said,

ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヨ∇バゎ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヨ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ͡み∠プぴ びケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ヴ͡わャｚや (Verily, it is not t he eyes t hat grow blind, but it is t he heart s which are in t he breast s t hat grow blind) (22:46) and t his why t hey cannot get back t o t he st at e of guidance t hat t hey were in, since t hey sold it for misguidance.

ベ ∀ ∇ゲよ∠ ヱ∠ ギ∀ ∇ハケ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ろ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ょ ∃ Βあ ダ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ ペ ͡ハ ͡ ヲ∠ ダ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ͡ヰル͡ や∠クや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ら͡ ⇒∇タぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ベ ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ ∇ャや キ⊥ ゅ∠ムΑ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒ム∇ャゅ͡よ ∀テΒ͡エョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ケ∠ グ∠ ェ ∠ へ∠クま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇や∇ヲゼ ∠ ョｚ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ッぺ∠ べ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ ブ ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ バ͡ ∇ヨジ ∠ よ͡ ょ ∠ ワ∠ グ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ (19. Or like a rainst orm in t he sky, bringing darkness, t hunder, and light ning. They t hrust t heir fingers in t heir ears t o keep out t he st unning t hunderclap for fear of deat h. But Allah ever encompasses t he disbelievers.) (20. The light ning almost snat ches away t heir sight , whenever it flashes for t hem, t hey walk t herein, and when darkness covers t hem, t hey st and st ill. And if Allah willed, He could have t aken away t heir hearing and t heir sight . Cert ainly, Allah has power over all t hings.)

Another Parable of the Hypocrites

This is anot her parable which Allah gave about t he hypocrit es who somet imes know t he t rut h and doubt it at ot her t imes. When t hey suffer from doubt , confusion and disbelief, t heir heart s are,

びょ ∃ Βあ ダ ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Like a Sayyib), meaning, "The rain", as Ibn Mas` ud, Ibn ` Abbas, and several ot her Companions have confirmed as well as Abu Al-` Aliyah, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` At a', Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Qat adah, ` At iyah Al-` Awfi, ` At a' Al-Khurasani, As-Suddi and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas. Ad-Dahhak said "It is t he clouds." However, t he most accept ed opinion is t hat it means t he rain t hat comes down during,

びろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ぴ (darkness), meaning, here, t he doubt s, disbelief and hypocrisy.

びギ∀ ∇ハケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (t hunder) t hat shocks t he heart s wit h fear. The hypocrit es are usually full of fear and anxiet y, j ust as Allah described t hem,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ る∃ エ ∠ ∇Βタ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぴ (They t hink t hat every cry is against t hem) (63: 4), and,

∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ヨャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ヱぺ∠ れ ∃ や∠ゲ⇒∠ピョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∠イ∇ヤョ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ヲャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホゲ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ャｚ Κ ⇔カ ∠ ギｚ ョ⊥ (They swear by Allah t hat t hey are t ruly of you while t hey are not of you, but t hey are a people who are afraid. Should t hey find refuge, or caves, or a place of concealment , t hey would t urn st raight way t heret o in a swift rush) (9:56-57).

びベ ∠ ∇ゲら∠ ∇ャやぴ (The light ning), is in reference t o t he light of fait h t hat is somet imes felt in t he heart s of t he hypocrit es,

ペ ͡ハ ͡ ヲ∠ ダ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ͡ヰル͡ や∠クや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ら͡ ⇒∇タぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒ム∇ャゅ͡よ ∀テΒ͡エョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ケ∠ グ∠ ェ ∠ (They t hrust t heir fingers in t heir ears t o keep out t he st unning t hunderclap for fear of deat h. But Allah ever encompasses t he disbelievers), meaning, t heir caut iousness does not benefit t hem because t hey are bound by Allah's all-encompassing will and decision. Similarly, Allah said,

モ ͡ よ∠ - キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ - キ͡ ヲ⊥レイ ⊥ ∇ャや ゑ ⊥ Α͡ギェ ∠ ポ ∠ ゅ∠ゎぺ∠ モ ⊥ ワ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ - ∃ょΑ͡グ∇ム∠ゎ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや び ∀テΒ͡エョぁ (Has t he st ory reached you of t wo host s. Of Fir` awn (Pharaoh) and Thamud Nay! The disbelievers (persist ed) in denying. And Allah encompasses t hem from behind!) (85:17-20). Allah t hen said,

び∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ ブ ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ベ ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ ∇ャや キ⊥ ゅ∠ムΑ∠ ぴ F(The light ning almost snat ches away t heir sight ) meaning, because t he light ning is st rong it self, and because t heir comprehension is weak and does not allow t hem t o embrace t he fait h. Also, ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah,

び∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ ブ ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ベ ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ ∇ャや キ⊥ ゅ∠ムΑ∠ ぴ (The light ning almost snat ches away t heir sight ), "The Qur'an ment ioned almost all of t he secret s of t he hypocrit es.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah also narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

びヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇や∇ヲゼ ∠ ョｚ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ッぺ∠ べ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ (Whenever it flashes for t hem, t hey walk t herein), "Whenever t he hypocrit es acquire a share in t he vict ories of Islam, t hey are cont ent wit h t his share. Whenever Islam suffers a calamit y, t hey are ready t o revert t o disbelief.''. Similarly, Allah said,

∇ラみ͡プ∠ フ ∃ ∇ゲェ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ｚ ほ∠ヨ∠ ∇デや ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ (And among mankind is he who worships Allah on t he edge: If good befalls him, he is cont ent wit h t hat .) (22:11). Also, Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ へ∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇や∇ヲゼ ∠ ョｚ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ッぺ∠ べ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ び∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホ (Whenever it flashes for t hem, t hey walk t herein, and when darkness covers t hem, t hey st and st ill), "They recognize t he t rut h and speak about it . So t heir speech is upright , but when t hey revert t o disbeleif, t hey again fall int o confusion.'' This was also said by Abu Al-` Aliyah, AlHasan Al-Basri, Qat adah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and As-Suddi, who narrat ed it from t he Companions, and it is t he most obvious and most correct view, and Allah knows best . Consequent ly, on t he Day of Judgment , t he believers will be given a light according t o t he degree of t heir fait h. Some of t hem will gain light t hat illuminat es over a dist ance of several miles, some more, some less. Some people's light will glow somet imes and be ext inguished at ot her t imes. They will, t herefore, walk on t he Sirat (t he bridge over t he Fire) in t he light , st opping when it is ext inguished. Some people will have no light at all, t hese are t he hypocrit es whom Allah described when He said,

∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ケヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ケや モ ∠ Β͡ホ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヲぁル リ͡ョ ∇ザら͡ わ∠ ∇ボル∠ ゅ∠ルヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ルや びや⇔ケヲ⊥ル ∇やヲ⊥ジヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プ (On t he Day when t he hypocrit es men and women will say t o t he believers: "Wait for us! Let us get somet hing from your light !'' It will be said t o t hem; "Go back t o you rear! Then seek a light !'') (57:13). Allah described t he believers,

ユ⊥ワケ⊥ ヲ⊥ル ヴ∠バ∇ジΑ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ゲゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ や∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ ユ͡ヰレ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αほ∠よ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ びゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ (On t he Day you shall see t he believing men and t he believing women t heir light running forward before t hem and by t heir right hands. Glad t idings for you t his Day! Gardens under which rivers flow (Paradise)) (57:12), and,

ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヴ ｚ ら͡ レｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ン͡ゴ∇ガΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αほ∠よ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ∠バ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ル ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ べ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや∠ヱ ゅ∠ルケ∠ ヲ⊥ル ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ユヨ͡ ∇ゎぺ∠ び∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ (The Day t hat Allah will not disgrace t he Prophet (Muhammad ) and t hose who believe wit h him. Their Light will run forward before t hem and (wit h t heir Records Books of deeds) in t heir right hands. They will say: "Our Lord! Keep perfect our Light for us and do not put it off t ill we cross over t he Sirat (a slippery bridge over t he Hell) safely and grant us forgiveness. Verily, You are Able t o do all t hings'') (66:8). Ibn Abi Hat im narrat ed t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud comment ed on,

び∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ∠バ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ルぴ (Their Light will run forward before t hem), "They will pass on t he Sirat . according t o t heir deeds. The light t hat some people have will be as big as a mount ain, while t he light of ot hers will be as big as a dat e t ree. The people who will have t he least light are t hose whose index fingers will somet imes be lit and ext inguished at ot her t imes.'' Ibn Abi Hat im also report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Every person among t he people of Tawhid (Islamic Monot heism) will gain a light on t he Day of Resurrect ion. As for t he hypocrit e, his light will be ext inguished. When t he believers wit ness t he hypocrit e's light being ext inguished, t hey will feel anxious. Hence, t hey will supplicat e,

びゅ∠ルケ∠ ヲ⊥ル ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ユヨ͡ ∇ゎぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! Keep perfect our Light for us).'' Ad-Dahhak bin Muzahim said, "On t he Day of Resurrect ion, everyone who has embraced t he fait h will be given a light . When t hey arrive at

t he Sirat , t he light of t he hypocrit es will be ext inguished. When t he believers see t his, t hey will feel anxious and supplicat e,

びゅ∠ルケ∠ ヲ⊥ル ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ユヨ͡ ∇ゎぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! Keep perfect our Light for us).''

Types of Believers and Types of Disbelievers

Consequent ly, t here are several t ypes of people. There are t he believers whom t he first four Ayat (2:2-5) in Surat Al-Baqarah describe. There are t he disbelievers who were described in t he next t wo Ayat . And t here are t wo cat egories of hypocrit es: t he complet e hypocrit es who were ment ioned in t he parable of t he fire, and t he hesit ant hypocrit es, whose light of fait h is somet imes lit and somet imes ext inguished. The parable of t he rain was revealed about t his cat egory, which is not as evil as t he first cat egory. This is similar t o t he parables t hat were given in Surat An-Nur (chapt er 24). Like t he example of t he believer and t he fait h t hat Allah put in his heart , compared t o a bright ly illuminat ed lamp, j ust like a rising st ar. This is t he believer, whose heart is built on fait h and receiving it s support from t he divine legislat ion t hat was revealed t o it , wit hout any impurit ies or imperfect ions, as we will come t o know, Allah willing. Allah gave a parable of t he disbelievers who t hink t hat t hey have somet hing, while in realit y t hey have not hing; such people are t hose who have compounded ignorance. Allah said,

ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ る∃ バ∠ Β͡ボよ͡ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲジ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ロ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ラ ⊥ べ∇ヨヌ ｚ ャや (As for t hose who disbelieved, t heir deeds are like a mirage in a desert . The t hirst y one t hinks it t o be wat er, unt il he comes up t o it , he finds it t o be not hing) (24:39). Allah t hen gave t he example of ignorant disbelievers, simple in t heir ignorance. He said;

ヮ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リあョ ∀ァ∇ヲ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ゼ∇ピ∠Α ヴ ｙイ あ ャぁ ゲ∃ ∇エよ∠ ヴ͡プ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ⊥ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゅ∠ヰツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∀ろ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ ∀ゆゅ∠エ∠シ ヮ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リあョ ∀ァ∇ヲ∠ョ モ ͡ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ワや∠ゲΑ∠ ∇ギム∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ Α∠ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ び ケ∃ ヲ⊥ル リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや

(Or (t he st at e of a disbeliever) is like t he darkness in a vast deep sea, overwhelmed by waves, t opped by dark clouds, (layers of) darkness upon darkness: if a man st ret ches out his hand, he can hardly see it ! And he for whom Allah has not appoint ed light , for him t here is no light ) (24:40). Therefore, Allah divided t he camp of t he disbelievers int o t wo groups, advocat es and followers. Allah ment ioned t hese t wo groups in t he beginning of Surat Al-Haj j ,

ノ⊥ ら͡ わｚ Α∠ ヱ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ͡プ メ ⊥ ギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ び ギ∃ Α͡ゲョｚ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇Βセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ (And among mankind is he who disput es about Allah, wit hout knowledge, and follows every rebellious (disobedient t o Allah) Shayt an (devil) (devoid of every kind of good)) (22:3), and,

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ͡プ メ ⊥ ギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱぴ び ゲ∃ Β͡レョぁ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ (And among men is he who disput es about Allah, wit hout knowledge or guidance, or a Book giving light (from Allah)) (22:8). Furt hermore, Allah has divided t he group of t he believers in t he beginning of Surat Al-Waqi` ah (56) and at t he end. He also divided t hem in Surat Al-Insan (76) int o t wo groups, t he Sabiqun (t hose who preceded), t hey are t he "near ones" (Muqaribun) and Ashab Al-Yamin (t he companions of t he right ), and t hey are right eous (Abrar). In summary, t hese Ayat divide t he believers int o t wo cat egories, t he near ones and right eous. Also, t he disbelievers are of t wo t ypes, advocat es and followers. In addit ion, t he hypocrit es are divided int o t wo t ypes, pure hypocrit es and t hose who have some hypocrisy in t hem. The Two Sahihs record t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said t hat t he Prophet said,

∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ダャ͡ゅ∠カ ゅ⇔ボプ͡ ゅ∠レョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ｚリミ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ∀ゐゅ∠ヤ∠を» リ ∠ ョ͡ る∀ ヤ∠∇ダカ ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ろル∠ ゅミ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩∠ゆグ∠ ミ∠ ゐ ∠ ギｚ ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇リョ∠ :ゅ∠ヰハ ∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ベ ͡ ゅ∠ヘレあ ャや «ラゅ∠カ リ ∠ ヨ͡ わ⊥ ∇もや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠ブヤ∠∇カぺ∠ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ (Whoever has t he following t hree (charact erist ics) will be a pure hypocrit e, and whoever has one of t he following t hree charact erist ics will have one charact erist ic of hypocrisy, unless and

unt il he gives it up. Whenever he speaks, he t ells a lie. Whenever he makes a covenant , he proves t reacherous. Whenever he is ent rust ed, he breaches t he t rust ) Hence, man might have bot h a part of fait h and a part of hypocrisy, whet her in deed, as t his Hadit h st ipulat es, or in t he creed, as t he Ayah (2:20) st ipulat es.

Types of Hearts Imam Ahmad recorded Abu Sa` id saying t hat t he Messenger of Allah said

͡ァや∠ゲジ あ ャや モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ キ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∀ょ∇ヤ∠ホ :る∀ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや» ょ ∀ ∇ヤホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠ヤビ ͡ ヴヤ∠ハ ヅ ∀ ヲ⊥よ∇ゲョ∠ ブ ⊥ ヤ∠∇ビぺ∠ ょ ∀ ∇ヤホ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ワ∠ ∇ゴΑ∠ ょ ⊥ ∇ヤボ∠ プ∠ キ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ィほ∠∇ャや ょ ⊥ ∇ヤボ∠ ∇ャや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ∩∀ウヘ∠ ∇ダョ⊥ ょ ∀ ∇ヤホ∠ ヱ∠ ∀サヲ⊥ム∇レョ∠ ブ ⊥ ヤ∠∇ビほ∠∇ャや ょ ⊥ ∇ヤボ∠ ∇ャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ロケ⊥ ヲ⊥ル ヮ͡ Β͡プ ヮ⊥ ィ ⊥ や∠ゲジ ͡ プ∠ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ペ ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ∇ヤボ∠ プ∠ サ ⊥ ヲ⊥ム∇レ∠ヨ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ∇ヤボ∠ ∇ャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ゲプ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや ょ ⊥ ∇ヤボ∠ プ∠ ウ ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ダヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ∇ヤボ∠ ∇ャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ム∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ フ ∠ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ゾ ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ガ∇ャや モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヨΑみ∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ベゅ∠ヘル͡ ヱ∠ ラ ∀ ゅ∠ヨΑま ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∀ ∇ヤボ∠ プ∠ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ベ ͡ ゅ∠ヘレあ ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ⊥ Βあ ト ｚ ャや ￢⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ゅ∠ワギぁ ヨ⊥ ∠Α る͡ ヤ∠∇ボら∠ ∇ャや ∇ろら∠ ヤ∠ビ ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ キｚ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ヵ ぁ ほ∠プ∠ ュ⊥ ｚギャや∠ヱ ウ ⊥ ∇Βボ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ワギぁ ヨ⊥ Α∠ る͡ ェ ∠ ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや «ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろら∠ ヤ∠ビ ∠ ン∠ゲ∇カほ⊥∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (The heart s are four (t ypes): polished as shiny as t he radiat ing lamp, a sealed heart wit h a knot t ied around it s seal, a heart t hat is t urned upside down and a wrapped heart . As for t he polished heart , it is t he heart of t he believer and t he lamp is t he light of fait h. The sealed heart is t he heart of t he disbeliever. The heart t hat is t urned upside down is t he heart of t he pure hypocrit e, because he had knowledge but denied it . As for t he wrapped heart , it is a heart t hat cont ains belief and hypocrisy. The example of fait h in t his heart , is t he example of t he herb t hat is sust ained by pure wat er. The example of hypocrisy in it , is t he example of an ulcer t hat t hrives on puss and blood. Whichever of t he t wo subst ances has t he upper hand, it will have t he upper hand on t hat heart ). This Hadit h has a Jayid Hasan (good) chain of narrat ion. Allah said,

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ バ͡ ∇ヨジ ∠ よ͡ ょ ∠ ワ∠ グ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (And if Allah willed, He would have t aken away t heir hearing and t heir sight . Cert ainly, Allah has power over all t hings). Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ バ͡ ∇ヨジ ∠ よ͡ ょ ∠ ワ∠ グ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And if Allah willed, He would have t aken away t heir hearing and t heir sight ), "Because t hey abandoned t he t rut h aft er t hey had knowledge in it .''

び∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Cert ainly, Allah has power over all t hings). Ibn ` Abbas said, "Allah is able t o punish or pardon His servant s as He wills.'' Ibn Jarir comment ed, "Allah only described Himself wit h t he abilit y t o do everyt hing in t his Ayah as a warning t o t he hypocrit es of His cont rol over everyt hing, and t o inform t hem t hat His abilit y complet ely encompasses t hem and t hat He is able t o t ake away t heir hearing and sight .'' Ibn Jarir and several ot her scholars of Tafsir st at ed t hat t hese t wo parables are about t he same kind of hypocrit e. So t he ` or' ment ioned in,

び￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ょ ∃ Βあ ダ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or like a rainst orm from t he sky) means ` and', j ust as t he Ayah,

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ヘミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ͡をや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ノト ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And obey neit her a sinner or a disbeliever among t hem). Therefore, ` or' in t he Ayah includes a choice of using eit her example for t he hypocrit es. Also, Al-Qurt ubi said t hat ` or' means, "To show compat ibilit y of t he t wo choices, j ust as when one says, ` Sit wit h Al-Hasan or Ibn Sirin.' According t o t he view of Az-Zamakhshari, ` so it means each of t hese persons is t he same as t he ot her, so you may sit wit h eit her one of t hem.' The meaning of ` or' t hus becomes ` eit her.' Allah gave t hese t wo examples of t he hypocrit es, because t hey bot h perfect ly describe t hem.'' I (Ibn Kat hir) say, t hese descript ions are relat ed t o t he t ype of hypocrit e, because t here is a difference bet ween t hem as we st at ed. For inst ance, Allah ment ioned t hese t ypes in Surat Bara'ah (chapt er 9) when He repeat ed t he st at ement , "And among t hem'' t hree t imes, describing t heir t ypes, charact erist ics, st at ement s and deeds. So t he t wo examples ment ioned here describe t wo t ypes of hypocrit es whose charact erist ics are similar. For inst ance, Allah

gave t wo examples in Surat An-Nur, one for t he advocat es of disbelief and one for t he followers of disbelief, He said,

びる∃ バ∠ Β͡ボよ͡ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲジ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (As for t hose who disbelieved, t heir deeds are like a mirage in a desert ) (24:39), unt il,

びヴ ｙイ あ ャぁ ゲ∃ ∇エよ∠ ヴ͡プ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ⊥ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or (t he st at e of a disbeliever) is like t he darkness in a vast deep sea) (24:40). The first example is of t he advocat es of disbelief who have complex ignorance, while t he second is about t he followers who have simple ignorance. Allah knows best .

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ング͡ ャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚよケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠レよ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゅ⇔セや∠ゲプ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ んｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カほ∠プ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ や⇔キや∠ギル∠ぺ (21. O mankind! Worship your Lord (Allah), Who creat ed you and t hose who were before you so t hat you may acquire Taqwa.) (22. Who has made t he eart h a rest ing place for you, and t he sky as a canopy, and sent down wat er (rain) from t he sky and brought fort h t herewit h fruit s as a provision for you. Then do not set up rivals unt o Allah (in worship) while you know (t hat He alone has t he right t o be worshipped).)

Tawhid Al-Uluhiyyah Allah next ment ioned His Oneness in divinit y and st at ed t hat He has favored His servant s by bringing t hem t o life aft er t hey did not exist . He also surrounded t hem wit h blessings, bot h hidden and apparent . He made t he eart h a rest ing place for t hem, j ust like t he bed, st able wit h t he firm mount ains.

び￢⇔ べ∠レよ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ

(And t he sky as a canopy) meaning, ` a ceiling'. Similarly, Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ゅ∠ヰわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ニヲ⊥ヘ∇エョｚ ゅ⇔ヘ∇ボシ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョ⊥ (And We have made t he heaven a roof, safe and well-guarded. Yet t hey t urn away from it s signs (i.e. sun, moon, winds, clouds)) (21:32).

び￢⇔ べ∠ョ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And sends down for you wat er (rain) from t he sky) meaning, t hrough t he clouds, when t hey need t he rain. Hence, Allah caused t he various t ypes of veget at ion and fruit s t o grow as a means of sust enance for people and t heir cat t le. Allah reit erat ed t his bount y in various part s of t he Qur'an. There is anot her Ayah t hat is similar t o t his Ayah (2:22), t hat is, Allah's st at ement ,

￢⇔ べ⇒∠レよ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ や⇔ケや∠ゲ⇒∠ホ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ⇒⊥ムャ∠ モ ∠ ⇒∠バィ ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユ⇒⊥ムホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユ⇒⊥ミケ∠ ヲ∠ タ ⊥ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ ∇ユ⇒⊥ミケ∠ ヲｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ら⇒∠わプ∠ ∇ユ⇒⊥ムよぁ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや (It is He Who has made for you t he eart h as a dwelling place and t he sky as a canopy, and has given you shape and made your shapes good (looking) and has provided you wit h good t hings. That is Allah, your Lord, so Blessed be Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s) (40:64). The meaning t hat is reit erat ed here is t hat Allah is t he Creat or, t he Sust ainer, t he Owner and Provider of t his life, all t hat is in and on it . Hence, He alone deserves t o be worshipped, and no one and not hing is t o be associat ed wit h Him. This is why Allah said next ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ や⇔キや∠ギル∠ぺ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then do not set up rivals unt o Allah (in worship) while you know (t hat He alone has t he right t o be worshipped)) (2:22). The Two Sahihs record t hat Ibn Mas` ud said, "I said t o t he Messenger of Allah , ` Which evil deed is t he worst wit h Allah' He said,

«マ∠ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ や６ギル͡ ぶ ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠» (To t ake an equal wit h Allah, while He alone creat ed you.)'' Also, Mu` adh narrat ed t he Prophet 's st at ement ,

ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∨͡ロキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぶ ͡ やペ ぁェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヵ͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ぺ∠» «ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ やヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ (Do you know Allah's right on His servant s They must worship Him alone and refrain from associat ing anyt hing wit h Him in worship.) Anot her Hadit h st at es,

∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ ∩∀ラゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠セヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ｚ ャ∠ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ラゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ｚユを⊥ ぶ ⊥ や ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ゅ∠ョ :∇モボ⊥ Β∠ ャ͡ (None of you should say, ` What Allah and so-and-so person wills. Rat her, let him say, ` What Allah wills, and t hen what so-and-so person wills.)

Hadith with the same MeaningImam Ahmad narrat ed t hat

Al-Harit h Al-Ash` ari said

t hat t he Prophet of Allah said,

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅｚΑゲ͡ ミ∠ コ∠ リ ∠ ∇よ ヴ∠Β∇エΑ∠ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» ゲ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ｚリヰ͡ よ͡ モ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ∃ ゅ∠ヨヤ͡ミ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨガ ∠ よ͡ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ￢∠ ヴ͡ト∇らΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ よ͡ やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ Β͡もや∠ゲ∇シま͡ ヶ͡レよ∠ れ ∠ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ :ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヶ͡レよ∠ ゲ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ よ͡ モ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ∃ ゅ∠ヨヤ͡ミ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨガ ∠ よ͡ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚョま∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ピ∠ ヤあら∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚョみ͡プ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ よ͡ やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ Β͡もや∠ゲ∇シま͡ ∇ラぺ∠ ヶ͡レわ∠ ∇ボら∠ シ ∠ ∇ラま͡ ヴ∠ゼ∇カぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ ヶ͡カぺ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩ｚリヰ⊥ ピ∠ ヤあよ∠ ぺ⊥

リ ⊥ ∇よ ヴ∠Β∇エΑ∠ ノ∠ ヨ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヶ͡よ ブ ∠ ジ ∠ ∇ガΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゆ ∠ グｚ ハ ∠ ぺ⊥ ほ∠ヤ∠わ∠ ∇ョや ヴｚわェ ∠ サ ͡ ギ͡ ∇ボヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ヶ͡プ モ ∠ Β͡もや∠ゲ∇シま͡ ヶ͡レよ∠ ゅｚΑゲ͡ ミ∠ コ∠ ヴ∠レ∇をぺ∠ヱ∠ ぶ ∠ や ギ∠ ヨ͡ エ ∠ プ∠ フ ͡ ゲ∠ ゼ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ギ∠ バ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ギイ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇ラぺ∠ れ ∃ ゅ∠ヨヤ͡ミ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨガ ∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ルゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ :ｚリヰ⊥ ャ⊥ｚヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ よ͡ やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ⊥ へ∠ヱ リ ｚ ヰ͡ よ͡ モ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク モ ∠ ん∠ ョ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ やヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ぶ ∠ や やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ベ ∃ ケ͡ ヲ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ョ ゾ ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠カ ∇リョ͡ や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇セや モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ヴャ͡ま ヮ⊥ わ∠ ヤｚビ ∠ ヵあキぽ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ょ ∃ ワ∠ ク∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠マャ͡グ∠ミ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇らハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ロ⊥ ぁゲジ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユム⊥ Αぁ ほ∠プ∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ Βあ シ ∠ .ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ やヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇ィヲ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ょ ⊥ ダ ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ り͡ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ⊥ へ∠ヱ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ へ∠ヱ .やヲ⊥わヘ͡ わ∠ ∇ヤゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βヤｚタ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∇ろヘ͡ わ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ ∀りゲｚ タ ⊥ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク モ ∠ ん∠ ョ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠Βダ あ ャゅ͡よ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ マ ͡ ∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ウ ∠ Α͡ケ ギ⊥ イ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ る∃ よ∠ ゅ∠ダハ ͡ ヶ͡プ マ ∃ ∇ジョ͡ ∇リョ͡ ウ ͡ Α͡ケ ∇リョ͡ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ょ ⊥ Β∠ ∇デぺ∠ ユ͡もゅｚダャや ユ͡ プ∠ フ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ∠ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク モ ∠ ん∠ ョ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ る͡ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ へ∠ヱ .マ ͡ ∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ョギｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ボ͡ レ⊥ ハ ⊥ ヴャ͡ま ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ やヱぁギゼ ∠ プ∠ ぁヱギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ャや ロ⊥ ゲ∠ シ ∠ ぺ∠ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヵ ∠ ギ͡ わ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇モワ∠ :∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ レ⊥ ハ ⊥ やヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ツΒ∠ ャ͡

モ ͡ Β͡ヤボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡ギ∠わ∇ヘΑ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ぶ ͡ や ゲ͡ ∇ミグ͡ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ へ∠ヱ.ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ マ ｚ プ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゲ͡ Β͡んム∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヶ͡プ ゅ⇔ハや∠ゲシ ͡ ぁヱギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ら∠ ヤ∠デ ∠ モ ͡ィ ⊥ ケ∠ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク モ ∠ ん∠ ョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ リ ∠ダ ｚ エ ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔レΒ͡ダェ ∠ ゅ⇔レ∇ダェ ͡ ヴ∠ゎほ∠プ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ を∠ ぺ∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や∠クま͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ダ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ギ∠ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや «ぶや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ (Allah commanded Yahya bin Zakariya t o implement five commands and t o order t he Children of Israel t o implement t hem, but Yahya was slow in carrying out t hese commands. ` Isa said t o Yahya, ` You were ordered t o implement five commands and t o order t he Children of Israel t o implement t hem. So eit her order, or I will do it .' Yahya said, 'My brot her! I fear t hat if you do it before me, I will be punished or t he eart h will be shaken under my feet .' Hence, Yahya bin Zakariya called t he Children of Israel t o Bayt Al-Maqdis (Jerusalem), unt il t hey filled t he Masj id. He sat on t he balcony, t hanked Allah and praised him and t hen said, ` Allah ordered me t o implement five commandment s and t hat I should order you t o adhere t o t hem. The first is t hat you worship Allah alone and not associat e any wit h Him. The example of t his command is t he example of a man who bought a servant from his money wit h paper or gold. The servant st art ed t o work for t he mast er, but was paying t he profit s t o anot her person. Who among you would like his servant t o do t hat Allah creat ed you and sust ains you. Therefore, worship Him alone and do not associat e anyt hing wit h Him. I also command you t o pray, for Allah direct s His Face t owards His servant 's face, as long as t he servant does not t urn away. So when you pray, do not t urn your heads t o and fro. I also command you t o fast . The example of it is t he example of a man in a group of men and he has some musk wrapped in a piece of clot h, and consequent ly, all of t he group smells t he scent of t he wrapped musk. Verily, t he odor of t he mout h of a fast ing person is bet t er before Allah t han t he scent of musk. I also command you t o give charit y. The example of t his is t he example of a man who was capt ured by t he enemy. They t ied his hands t o his neck and brought him fort h t o cut off his neck. He said t o t hem, 'Can I pay a ransom for myself' He kept ransoming himself wit h small and large amount s unt il he liberat ed himself. I also command you t o always remember Allah. The example of t his deed is t hat of a man who t he enemy is t irelessly pursuing. He t akes refuge in a fort ified fort . When t he servant remembers Allah, he will be resort ing t o t he best refuge from Sat an.) Al-Harit h t hen narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

る͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや :リ ｚ ヰ͡ よ͡ ヶ͡ルゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ やザ ∃ ∇ヨガ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ へ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ » モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ キ͡ ゅ∠ヰイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇イヰ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚトャや∠ヱ ノ͡ ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ゲ∃ ∇らセ ͡ ギ∠ Β͡ホ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ .ぶ ͡ や

∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ノ∠ ィ ͡ や∠ゲΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ͡ ボ͡ レ⊥ ハ ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ュ͡ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや る∠ ボ∠ ∇よケ∠ ノ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ «ユｚレヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ∠んィ ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ る∃ Βｚ ヤ͡ワ͡ ゅ∠ィ ン∠ヲ∇ハギ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ハキ∠ :

:

やヲ⊥ハ∇キゅ∠プ ∩∀ユヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ユ∠ ハ ∠ コ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠タヱ∠ ヴｚヤタ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ » モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ゅｚヨシ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇シほ∠よ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや «ぶや キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや (And I order you wit h five commandment s t hat Allah has ordered me. St ick t o t he Jama` ah (communit y of t he fait hful), list en and obey (your leaders) and perform Hij rah (migrat ion) and Jihad for t he sake of Allah. Whoever abandons t he Jama` ah, even t he dist ance of a hand span, will have removed t he t ie of Islam from his neck, unless he ret urns. Whoever uses t he slogans of Jahiliyah (t he pre-Islamic period of ignorance) he will be among t hose kneeling in Jahannam (Hellfire).) They said, "O Messenger of Allah! Even if he prays and fast s'' He said, (Even if he prays, fast s and claims t o be Muslim. So call t he Muslims wit h t heir names t hat Allah has called t hem: ` The Muslims, t he believing servant s of Allah.') This is a Hasan Hadit h, and it cont ains t he st at ement , "Allah has creat ed and sust ains you, so worship Him and do not associat e anyt hing wit h Him in worship.'' This st at ement is relevant in t he Ayat (2:21-22) we are discussing here and support s singling Allah in worship, wit hout part ners.

Several scholars of Tafsir, like Ar-Razi and ot hers, used t hese Ayat as an argument for t he exist ence of t he Creat or, and it is a most wort hy met hod of argument . Indeed, whoever ponders over t he t hings t hat exist , t he higher and lower creat ures, t heir various shapes, colors, behavior, benefit s and ecological roles, t hen he will realize t he abilit y, wisdom, knowledge, perfect ion and maj est y of t heir Creat or. Once a bedouin was asked about t he evidence t o Allah's exist ence, he responded, "All praise is due t o Allah! The camel's dung t est ifies t o t he exist ence of t he camel, and t he t rack t est ifies t o t he fact t hat someone was walking. A sky t hat holds t he giant st ars, a land t hat has fairways and a sea t hat has waves, does not all of t his t est ify t hat t he Most Kind, Most Knowledgeable exist s'' Hence, whoever gazes at t he sky in it s immensit y, it s expanse, and t he various kinds of planet s in it , some of which appear st at ionary in t he sky - whoever gazes at t he seas t hat surround t he land from all sides, and t he mount ains t hat were placed on t he eart h t o st abilize it , so t hat

whoever lives on land, what ever t heir shape and color, are able t o live and t hrive - whoever reads Allah's st at ement ,

ゅ∠ヰル⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ブ ∀ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガョぁ ∀ゲ∇ヨェ ⊥ ∠ヱ ∀ヂΒ͡よ ∀キ∠ギィ ⊥ メ ͡ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゆ あ へ∠ヱギｚ ャや∠ヱ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ キ∀ ヲ⊥シ ょ ⊥ Β͡よや∠ゲビ ∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヮ⊥ ル⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ブ ∀ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガョ⊥ び￢⊥ ゅ∠ヨヤ∠バ⊥ ∇ャや (And among t he mount ains are st reaks whit e and red, of varying colours and (ot hers) very black. And likewise, men and Ad-Dawabb (moving (living) creat ures, beast s) and cat t le are of various colours. It is only t hose who have knowledge among His servant s t hat fear Allah) (35: 27-28). Whoever t hinks about t he running rivers t hat t ravel from area t o area bringing benefit , whoever ponders over what Allah has creat ed on eart h; various animals and plant s of different t ast es, scent s, shapes and colors t hat are a result of unit y bet ween land and wat er, whoever t hinks about all of t his t hen he will realize t hat t hese fact s t est ify t o t he exist ence of t he Creat or, His perfect abilit y, wisdom, mercy, kindness, generosit y and His overall compassion for His creat ion. There is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah, nor is t here a Lord besides Him, upon Him we rely and t o Him we t urn in repent ance. There are numerous Ayat in t he Qur'an on t his subj ect .

∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ゅ∠ル͡ギ∇ら∠ハ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ∠ル ゅｚヨョあ ょ ∃ ∇Αケ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ユ⊥ミ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョあ リあョ り∃ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ジよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇れギｚ ハ ͡ ぺ⊥ り⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠イエ ͡ ∇ャやヱ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ワキ⊥ ヲ⊥ホ∠ヱ ヴ͡わャｚや ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ (23. And if you (Arab pagans, Jews, and Christ ians) are in doubt concerning t hat which We have sent down (i.e. t he Qur'an) t o Our servant (Muhammad ), t hen produce a Surah (chapt er) of t he like t hereof and call your wit nesses (support ers and helpers) besides Allah, if you are t rut hful). (24. But if you do it not , and you can never do it , t hen fear t he Fire (Hell) whose fuel is men and st ones, prepared for t he disbelievers.)

The Message of Messenger of Allah is True Allah begins t o prove t he t rut h of prophet hood aft er He st at ed t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Him. Allah said t o t he disbelievers,

びゅ∠ル͡ギ∇ら∠ハ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ∠ル ゅｚヨョあ ょ ∃ ∇Αケ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if you (Arab pagans, Jews, and Christ ians) are in doubt concerning t hat which We have sent down (i.e. t he Qur'an) t o Our servant ) meaning, Muhammad ,

びり∃ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ジよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ぴ (t hen produce a Surah (chapt er)) meaning, similar t o what he brought t o you. Hence, if you claim t hat what he was sent wit h did not come from Allah, t hen produce somet hing similar t o what he has brought t o you, using t he help of anyone you wish inst ead of Allah. However, you will not be able t o succeed in t his quest . Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

びユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ぴ (your wit nesses) means "Aids.'' Also, As-Suddi report ed t hat Abu Malik said t he Ayah means, "Your part ners, meaning, some ot her people t o help you in t hat . Meaning t hen go and seek t he help of your deit ies t o support and aid you.'' Also, Muj ahid said t hat ,

びユ⊥ミ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや∠ヱぴ (and call your wit nesses) means, "People, meaning, wise and eloquent men who will provide t he t est imony t hat you seek.''

The Challenge Allah challenged t he disbelievers in various part s of t he Qur'an. For inst ance, Allah said in Surat Al-Qasas (28:49),

べ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ン∠ギ∇ワぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わム͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ヮ⊥ ∇バら͡ ゎｚ ぺ∠ (Say (t o t hem, O Muhammad ): "Then bring a Book from Allah, which is a bet t er guide t han t hese t wo (t he Tawrah (Torah) and t he Qur'an), t hat I may follow it , if you are t rut hful''). Also, Allah said in Surat Al-Isra' (17:88),

∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ぁイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ⊥ ル͡Ηや ろ ͡ バ∠ ヨ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや リ ͡ ゃ͡ ャｚ モ⊥ホぴ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んヨ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ モ ͡ ∇んヨ͡ よ͡ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ヰニ ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ (Say: "If mankind and t he Jinn were t oget her t o produce t he like of t his Qur'an, t hey could not produce t he like t hereof, even if t hey helped one anot her.'') Allah said in Surat Hud (11:13),

ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョあ ケ∃ ヲ∠ シ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ゼバ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ロ⊥ や∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや∠ヱ ∃れゅ∠Α∠ゲ∠わ∇ヘョ⊥ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ (Or t hey say, "He (Prophet Muhammad ) forged it (t he Qur'an).'' Say: "Bring you t hen t en forged Surahs (chapt ers) like it , and call whomsoever you can, ot her t han Allah (t o your help), if you speak t he t rut h!''), and in Surat Yunus (10:37-38),

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ラ ⊥ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ Β͡ダ∇ヘゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ン͡グャｚや ペ ∠ Α͡ギ∇ダゎ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケｚ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ Βプ͡ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョあ り∃ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ジよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ∇モホ⊥ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ (And t his Qur'an is not such as could ever be produced by ot her t han Allah (Lord of t he heavens and t he eart h), but it is a confirmat ion of (t he revelat ion) which was before it (i.e. t he Tawrah, and t he Inj il), and a full explanat ion of t he Book (i.e. Laws decreed for mankind) wherein t here is no doubt from t he Lord of all t hat exist s.) (Or do t hey say: "He (Muhammad ) has forged it '' Say: "Bring t hen a Surah (chapt er) like it , and call upon whomsoever you can besides Allah, if you are t rut hful!''). All of t hese Ayat were revealed in Makkah. Allah also challenged t he disbelievers in t he Ayat t hat were revealed in Al-Madinah. In t his Ayah, Allah said,

びょ ∃ ∇Αケ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if you (Arab pagans, Jews, and Christ ians) are in Rayb) meaning, doubt .

びゅ∠ル͡ギ∇ら∠ハ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ∠ル ゅｚヨョあ ぴ (Concerning t hat which We have sent down (i.e. t he Qur'an) t o Our servant ) meaning, Muhammad ,

びヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョあ リあョ り∃ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ジよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ぴ (t hen produce a Surah (chapt er) t he like t hereof) meaning, similar t o t he Qur'an. This is t he Tafsir of Muj ahid, Qat adah, Ibn Jarir At -Tabari, Az-Zamakhshari and Ar-Razi. Ar-Razi said t hat t his is t he Tafsir of ` Umar, Ibn Mas` ud, Ibn ` Abbas, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and t he maj orit y of t he scholars. And he gave preference t o t his view and ment ioned t he fact t hat Allah has challenged t he disbelievers as individuals and as groups, whet her lit erat e or illit erat e, t hus making t he challenge t ruly complet e. This t ype of challenge is more daring t han simply challenging t he disbelievers who might not be lit erat e or knowledgeable. This is why Allah said,

びヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョあ ケ∃ ヲ∠ シ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ゼバ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ぴ (Bring you t hen t en forged Surahs (chapt ers) like it ) (11:13), and,

びヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んヨ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (They could not produce t he like t hereof) (17:88). Therefore, t his is a general challenge t o t he Arab disbelievers, t he most eloquent among all nat ions. Allah challenged t he Arab disbelievers bot h in Makkah and Al-Madinah several t imes, especially since t hey had t remendous hat red and enmit y for t he Prophet and his religion. Yet , t hey were unable t o succeed in answering t he challenge, and t his is why Allah said,

び∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (But if you do it not , and you can never do it ), indicat ing t hat t hey will never be able t o answer t he challenge. This is anot her miracle, in t hat , Allah clearly st at ed wit hout doubt t hat t he Qur'an will never be opposed or challenged by anyt hing similar t o it , for et ernit y. This is a t rue st at ement t hat has not been changed unt il t he present and shall never change. How can anyone be able t o produce somet hing like t he Qur'an, when t he Qur'an is t he Word of Allah Who creat ed everyt hing How can t he words of t he creat ed ever be similar t o t he Words of t he Creat or

Examples of the Miracle of the Qur'an Whoever reads t hrough t he Qur'an will realize t hat it cont ains various levels of superiorit y t hrough bot h t he apparent and hidden meanings t hat it ment ions. Allah said,

ユ∃ Β͡ムェ ∠ ∇ラギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠ダ あ プ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠Αや￢ ∇ろヨ∠ ム͡ ∇ェほ⊥ら∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ゲャやぴ びゲ∃ Β͡らカ ∠ (Alif Lam Ra. (This is) a Book, t he verses whereof are perfect (in every sphere of knowledge, et c.), and t hen explained in det ail from One (Allah), Who is Wise and well-acquaint ed (wit h all t hings)) (11:1) So t he expressions in t he Qur'an are perfect and it s meanings are explained. Furt her, every word and meaning in t he Qur'an is eloquent and cannot be surpassed. The Qur'an also ment ioned t he st ories of t he people of t he past ; and t hese account s and st ories occurred exact ly as t he Qur'an st at ed. Also, t he Qur'an commanded every t ype of right eousness and forbade every t ype of evil, j ust as Allah st at ed,

びΙ ⇔ ∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ホ∇ギタ ͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろヨｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he Word of your Lord has been fulfilled in t rut h and in j ust ice) (6:115). meaning, t rue in t he st ories it narrat es and j ust in it s Laws. The Qur'an is t rue, j ust and full of guidance. It does not cont ain exaggerat ions, lies or falsehood, unlike Arabic and ot her t ypes of poems t hat cont ained lies. These poems, conform wit h t he popular st at ement , "The most eloquent speech is t he one t hat cont ains t he most lies!'' Somet imes, one would find a long poem t hat mainly cont ains descript ions of women, horses or alcohol. Or, t he poem might cont ain praise or t he descript ion of a cert ain person, horse, camel, war, incident , fear, lion, or ot her t ypes of it ems and obj ect s. Such praise or descript ions do not bring any benefit , except shed light on t he poet 's abilit y t o clearly and eloquent ly describe such it ems. Yet , one will only be able t o find one or t wo sent ences in many long poems t hat elaborat e on t he main t heme of t he poem, while t he rest of t he poem cont ains insignificant descript ions and repet it ions. As for t he Qur'an, it is ent irely eloquent in t he most perfect manner, as t hose who have knowledge in such mat t ers and underst and Arabic met hods of speech and expressions concur. When one reads t hrough t he st ories in t he Qur'an, he will find t hem fruit ful, whet her t hey were in ext ended or short forms, repeat ed or not . The more t hese st ories are repeat ed, t he more fruit ful and beaut iful t hey become. The Qur'an does not become old when one repeat s recit ing it , nor do t he scholars ever get bored wit h it . When t he Qur'an ment ions t he subj ect of warning and promises, it present s t rut hs t hat would make solid, firm mount ains shake, so what about t he comprehending, underst anding heart s When t he Qur'an promises, it opens t he heart s and t he ears, making t hem eager t o at t ain t he abode of peace - Paradise - and t o be t he neighbors of t he Throne of t he Most Beneficent . For inst ance, on t he subj ect of promises and encouragement , t he Qur'an said,

￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ リ ∃ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ り͡ ゲｚ ホ⊥ リあョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ヴ ∠ ヘ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ べｚョ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ (No person knows what is kept hidden for t hem of j oy as a reward for what t hey used t o do) (32:17), and,

ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ リ ⊥ Β⊥ ∇ハΙ ｘ や グぁ ヤ∠ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ザ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ルΙ ｘ や ヮ͡ Β͡ヰわ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱギ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠カ ((There will be) t herein all t hat inner selves could desire, and all t hat eyes could delight in and you will abide t herein forever) (43:71). On t he subj ect of warning and discouragement ;

びゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ィ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ブ ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ レ͡ョ∠ほ∠プ∠ぺぴ (Do you t hen feel secure t hat He will not cause a side of t he land t o swallow you up) (17:68), and,

チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ よ͡ ブ ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リｚョ ∇ユわ⊥ レ͡ョ￢∠ ぺ∠ぴ ラ∠ぺ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ レ͡ョぺ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ び ゲ͡ Α͡グル∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バわ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ら͡ダ⇒∠ェ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ (Do you feel secure t hat He, Who is over t he heaven (Allah), will not cause t he eart h t o sink wit h you, and t hen it should quake Or do you feel secure t hat He, Who is over t he heaven (Allah), will not send against you a violent whirlwind Then you shall know how (t errible) has been My warning) (67:16-17). On t he subj ect of t hreat s, t he Qur'an said,

びヮ͡ ら͡ ル∠グよ͡ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ６Κム⊥ プ∠ ぴ (So We punished each (of t hem) for his sins) (29:40). Also, on t he subj ect of soft advice, t he Qur'an said,

∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ べ∠ィ ｚユを⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡レシ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バわｚ ョｚ ラ͡ま ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ Α⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ べ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α (Tell Me, (even) if We do let t hem enj oy for years. And aft erwards comes t o t hem t hat (punishment ) which t hey had been promised. All t hat wit h which t hey used t o enj oy shall not avail t hem) (26:205-207). There are many ot her examples of t he eloquence, beaut y, and benefit s of t he Qur'an. When t he Qur'an is discussing Laws, commandment s and prohibit ions, it commands every t ype of right eous, good, pleasing and beneficial act . It also forbids every t ype of evil, disliked and amoral act . Ibn Mas` ud and ot her scholars of t he Salaf said, "When you hear what Allah said in t he Qur'an, such as,

び∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ (O you who believe!), t hen list en wit h full at t ent ion, for it eit her cont ains a t ype of right eousness t hat Allah is enj oining, or an evil t hat He is forbidding.'' For inst ance, Allah said,

モ ぁエ ͡ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ワゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ぴ ノ⊥ ツ ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ゑ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠らガ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ⊥ あゲエ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ヴ͡わャｚや モ ∠ ⇒∠ヤ∇ビΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇タま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ (He (Muhammad ) commands t hem for Al-Ma` ruf (i.e. Islamic Monot heism and all t hat Islam has ordained); and forbids t hem from Al-Munkar (i.e. disbelief, polyt heism of all kinds, and all t hat Islam has forbidden); he allows t hem as lawful At -Tayyibat (i.e. all good and lawful t hings), and prohibit s t hem as unlawful Al-Khaba'it h (i.e. all evil and unlawful t hings), he releases t hem from t heir heavy burdens and from t he fet t ers (bindings) t hat were upon t hem) (7:157). When t he Ayat ment ion Resurrect ion and t he horrors t hat will occur on t hat Day, and Paradise and t he Fire and t he j oys and safe refuge t hat Allah prepared for His loyal friends, or t orment and Hell for His enemies, t hese Ayat cont ain glad t idings or warnings. The Ayat t hen call t o perform good deeds and avoid evil deeds, making t he life of t his world less favorable and t he Hereaft er more favorable. They also est ablish t he correct met hods and guide t o Allah's st raight pat h and j ust legislat ion, all t he while ridding t he heart s of t he evil of t he cursed devil.

The Qur'an is the Greatest Miracle given to the Prophet The Two Sahihs record t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,

れ ͡ ゅ∠ΑΓや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヶ ∠ト ͡ ∇ハぺ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ￢͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヶ ∠ ら͡ ル∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» ヮ⊥わΒ͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ ヵ͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま∠ヱ ∩⊥ゲゼ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ へ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ヶ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ぶ ⊥ や ロ⊥ ゅ∠ェ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔Β∇ェ∠ヱ «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ⇔バ͡よゅ∠ゎ (Every Prophet was given a miracle, t he t ype of which brings mankind t o fait h. What I was given is a revelat ion t hat Allah sent down t o me. Yet , I hope t hat I will have t he most following on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) This is t he wording narrat ed by Muslim. The Prophet st at ed t hat among t he Prophet s he was given a revelat ion, meaning, he was especially ent rust ed wit h t he miraculous Qur'an t hat challenged mankind t o produce somet hing similar t o it . As for t he rest of t he divinely revealed Books, t hey were not miraculous according t o many scholars. Allah knows best . The Prophet was also aided wit h innumerable signs and indicat ions t hat t est ify t o t he t rut h of his prophet hood and what he was sent wit h, all t hanks and praise is due t o Allah.

Meaning of ` Stones

Allah said,

り⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠イエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ワキ⊥ ヲ⊥ホ∠ヱ ヴ͡わャｚや ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ∇れギｚ ハ ͡ ぺ⊥ (Then fear t he Fire (Hell) whose fuel is men and st ones, prepared for t he disbelievers) (2:24). ` Fuel' is wood, or similar subst ances, used t o st art and feed a fire. Similarly, Allah said,

び ゅ⇔ら∠トェ ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ イ ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥トジ ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And as for t he Qasit un (disbelievers who deviat ed from t he right pat h), t hey shall be firewood for Hell) (72:15), and,

ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ょ ⊥ ダ ∠ ェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥キケ͡ や∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥キケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚョ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ (Cert ainly you (disbelievers) and t hat which you are worshipping now besides Allah, are (but ) fuel for Hell! (Surely) you ent er it . Had t hese (idols) been alihah (gods), t hey would not have ent ered t here (Hell), and all of t hem will abide t herein) (21:98-99). The st ones ment ioned here are t he giant , rot t en, black, sulfuric st ones t hat become t he hot t est when heat ed, may Allah save us from t his evil end. It was also report ed t hat t he st ones ment ioned here are t he idols and rivals t hat were worshipped inst ead of Allah, j ust as Allah said,

びユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ょ ⊥ ダ ∠ ェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Cert ainly you (disbelievers) and t hat which you are worshipping now besides Allah,are (but ) fuel for Hell!) (21:28). Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ∇れギｚ ハ ͡ ぺ⊥ぴ (prepared for t he disbelievers) It appears most obvious t hat it refers t o t he Fire t hat is fueled by men and st ones, and it also may refer t o t he st ones t hemselves. There is no cont radict ion bet ween t hese t wo views, because t hey are dependent upon each ot her. ` Prepared' means, it is ` kept ' and will surely t ouch t hose who disbelieve in Allah and His Messenger . Ibn Ishaq narrat ed t hat Muhammad said t hat ` Ikrimah or Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ∇れギｚ ハ ͡ ぺ⊥ぴ (prepared for t he disbelievers), "For t hose who embrace t he disbelief t hat you (disbelievers) have embraced.''

Jahannam (Hellfire) exists now Many of t he Imams of t he Sunnah used t his Ayah t o prove t hat t he Fire exist s now. This is because Allah said,

び∇れギｚ ハ ͡ ぺ⊥ぴ (prepared) meaning, prepared and kept . There are many Hadit hs on t his subj ect . For inst ance, t he Prophet said,

«ケゅｚレャや∠ヱ る⊥ ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ィ ｚ ゅ∠エゎ∠ » (Paradise and t he Fire had an argument ..) Also, t he Prophet said,

ヶ͡ツバ∠よ モ ∠ ミ∠ ぺ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ :∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ボプ∠ ゅ∠ヰよｚ ケ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ろ ͡ ル∠ ク∠ ∇ほわ∠ ∇シや» ザ ∃ ヘ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠わゼ あ ャや ヶ͡プ ザ ∃ ヘ∠ ル∠ :リ ͡ ∇Βジ ∠ ヘ∠ レ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ラ ∠ ク͡ ほ∠プ ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ «ブ∇Βダ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ (The Fire sought t he permission of her Lord. She said, 'O my Lord! Some part s of me consumed t he ot her part s.' And Allah allowed her t wo periods t o exhale, one in wint er and one in summer.) Also, t here is a Hadit h recorded from Ibn Mas` ud t hat t he Companions heard t he sound of a falling obj ect . When t hey asked about it , t he Messenger of Allah said,

リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ グ⊥ ∇レョ⊥ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ゲ͡ Β͡ヘセ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヶ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥ ゲ∀ イ ∠ェ ∠ や∠グワ∠ » «ゅ∠ワゲ͡ ∇バホ∠ ヴャ͡ま モ ∠タ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ べ∇ャや ∩⇔るレ∠ シ ∠ (This is a st one t hat was t hrown from t he t op of Jahannam sevent y years ago, but only now reached it s bot t om.) This Hadit h is in Sahih Muslim. There are many Hadit hs t hat are Mut awat ir (narrat ed by many different chains of narrat ions) on t his subj ect , such as t he Hadit hs about t he eclipse prayer, t he night of Isra' et c. Allah's st at ement s,

びヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョあ リあョ り∃ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ジよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ぴ (Then produce a Surah (chapt er) of t he like t hereof) (2:23), and,

びヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョあ り∃ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ジよ͡ ぴ (A Surah (chapt er) like it ) (10:38) t his includes t he short and long Surahs of t he Qur'an. Therefore, t he challenge t o creat ion st ands wit h regards t o bot h t he long and short Surahs, and t here is no disagreement t hat I know of on t his fact bet ween t he scholars of old and new. Before he became Muslim, ` Amr bin Al-` As met Musaylimah t he Liar who asked him, "What has recent ly been revealed t o your fellow (meaning Muhammad ) in Makkah'' ` Amr said, "A short , yet eloquent Surah.'' He asked, "What is it '' He said,

び ゲ∃ ∇ジカ ⊥ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ラ ｚ ま͡ - ゲ͡ ∇ダバ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (By Al-` Asr (t he t ime). Verily, man is in loss,) (103:1-2) Musaylimah t hought for a while and said, "A similar Surah was also revealed t o me.'' ` Amr asked, "What is it '' He said, "O Wabr, O Wabr (i.e. a wild cat ), you are but t wo ears and a chest , and t he rest of you is unwort hy and t hin.'' ` Amr said, "By Allah! You know t hat I know t hat you are lying.''

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ͡ ゼ あ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ホコ͡ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΕ ∠ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ホコ͡ ケ⊥ ン͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケあ り∃ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ を∠ リ͡ョ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ヰｚ ト ∠ ョぁ ァ ∀ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ͡ら⇒∠ゼわ∠ ョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎぺ⊥ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (25. And give glad t idings t o t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, t hat for t hem will be Gardens under which rivers flow (Paradise). Every t ime t hey will be provided wit h a fruit t herefrom, t hey will say: "This is what we were provided wit h before,'' and t hey will be given t hings in resemblance (i.e. in t he same form but different in t ast e) and t hey shall have t herein Azwaj un Mut ahharat un (purified mat es or wives), and t hey will abide t herein forever.)

Rewards of Righteous Believers

Aft er ment ioning t he t orment t hat Allah has prepared for His miserable enemies who disbelieve in Him and in His Messengers, He ment ions t he condit ion of His happy, loyal friends who believe in Him and in His Messengers, adhere t o t he fait h and perform t he good deeds. This is t he reason why t he Qur'an was called Mat hani, based on t he correct opinion of t he scholars. We will elaborat e upon t his subj ect lat er. Mat hani means t o ment ion fait h and t hen disbelief, or vice versa. Or, Allah ment ions t he miserable and t hen t he happy, or vice versa. As for ment ioning similar t hings, it is called Tashabbuh, as we will come t o know, Allah willing. Allah said,

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ͡ ゼ あ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΕ ∠ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ (And give glad t idings t o t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, t hat for t hem will be Gardens under which rivers flow (Paradise)). Consequent ly, Allah st at ed t hat Paradise has rivers t hat run beneat h it , meaning, underneat h it s t rees and rooms. From Hadit hs it is learned t hat t he rivers of Paradise do not run in valleys, and t hat t he banks of Al-Kawt har (t he Prophet 's lake in Paradise) are made of domes of hollow pearls, t he sand of Paradise is made of scent ed musk while it s st ones are made from pearls and j ewels. We ask Allah t o grant Paradise t o us, for verily, He is t he Most Beneficent , Most Gracious. Ibn Abi Hat im report ed t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

メ ͡ ゅ∠らィ ͡ ろ ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠ヤゎ͡ ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ゲ⊥ イ ｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠» «マ∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや (The rivers of Paradise spring from beneat h hills, or mount ains of musk.) He also report ed from Masruq t hat ` Abdullah said, "The rivers of Paradise spring from beneat h mount ains of musk.''

The similarity between the Fruits of Paradise

Allah said next ,

や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅホ∠ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケあ り∃ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ を∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ホコ͡ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ びモ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ホコ͡ ケ⊥ ン͡グャｚや (Every t ime t hey will be provided wit h a fruit t herefrom, t hey will say: "This is what we were provided wit h before'').

Ibn Abi Hat im report ed t hat Yahya bin Abi Kat hir said, "The grass of Paradise is made of saffron, it s hills from musk and t he boys of everlast ing yout h will serve t he believers wit h fruit s which t hey will eat . They will t hen be brought similar fruit s, and t he people of Paradise will comment , ` This is t he same as what you have j ust brought us.' The boys will say t o t hem, ` Eat , for t he color is t he same, but t he t ast e is different . Hence Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔ヰ͡ら⇒∠ゼわ∠ ョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey will be given t hings in resemblance). Abu Ja` far Ar-Razi narrat ed t hat Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said t hat Abu Al-` Aliyah said t hat ,

びゅ⇔ヰ͡ら⇒∠ゼわ∠ ョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey will be given t hings in resemblance) means, "They look like each ot her, but t he t ast e is different .'' Also, ` Ikrimah said,

びゅ⇔ヰ͡ら⇒∠ゼわ∠ ョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey will be given t hings in resemblance) "They are similar t o t he fruit s of t his life, but t he fruit s of Paradise t ast e bet t er. '' Sufyan At h-Thawri report ed from Al-A` mash, from Abu Thubyan, t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Not hing in Paradise resembles anyt hing in t he life of t his world, except in name.'' In anot her narrat ion, Ibn ` Abbas said, "Only t he names are similar bet ween what is in t his life and what is in Paradise.''

The Wives of the People of Paradise are Pure Allah said,

びり∀ ゲ∠ ヰｚ ト ∠ ョぁ ァ ∀ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey shall have t herein Azwaj un Mut ahharat un). Ibn Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Purified from filt h and impurit y.'' Also, Muj ahid said, "From menst ruat ion, relieving t he call of nat ure, urine, spit , semen and pregnancies.'' Also, Qat adah said, "Purified from impurit y and sin.'' In anot her narrat ion, he said, "From menst ruat ion and pregnancies.'' Furt her, ` At a', Al-Hasan, Ad-Dahhak, Abu Salih, ` At iyah and As-Suddi were report ed t o have said similarly. Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey will abide t herein forever) meaning ult imat e happiness, for t he believers will enj oy everlast ing delight , safe from deat h and disrupt ion of t heir bliss, for it never ends or ceases.

We ask Allah t o make us among t hese believers, for He is t he Most Generous, Most Kind and Most merciful.

る⇔ ッ ∠ ヲ⊥バよ∠ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ゆ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ ͡ ∇エわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Β∠プ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ヰホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ へ∠クゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヵ͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ぁモツ ͡ Α⊥ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ∠ ∇ヰハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツボ⊥ レ∠Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - リ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ぁモツ ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バト ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ボ͡ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ∠タ ∠ ヲ⊥Α びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや (26. Verily, Allah is not ashamed t o set fort h a parable even of a mosquit o or so much more when it is bigger (or less when it is smaller) t han it . And as for t hose who believe, t hey know t hat it is t he t rut h from t heir Lord, but as for t hose who disbelieve, t hey say: "What did Allah int end by t his parable'' By it He misleads many, and many He guides t hereby. And He misleads t hereby only t he Fasiqin (t he rebellious, disobedient t o Allah). (27. Those who break Allah's covenant aft er rat ifying it , and sever what Allah has ordered t o be j oined and do mischief on eart h, it is t hey who are t he losers.) In his Tafsir, As-Suddi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, Ibn Mas` ud, and some Companions said; "When Allah gave t hese t wo examples of t he hypocrit es'' meaning Allah's st at ement s,

びや⇔ケゅ∠ル ギ∠ ホ∠ ∇ヲわ∠ ∇シや ン͡グャｚや モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ョ∠ ぴ (Their likeness is as t he likeness of one who kindled a fire), and,

び￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ょ ∃ Βあ ダ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or like a rainst orm from t he sky), "The hypocrit es said, ` Allah's far more exalt ed t han for Him t o make such examples.' So Allah revealed t hese Ayat (2:26-27) up t o:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ぴ (Who are t he losers)''. Sa` id said t hat Qat adah said, "Allah does not shy away from t he t rut h when He ment ions a mat t er as a parable, whet her t his mat t er is significant or not . When Allah ment ioned t he flies and t he spider in His Book, t he people of misguidance said, ` Why did Allah ment ion t hese t hings.' So Allah revealed;

る⇔ ッ ∠ ヲ⊥バよ∠ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ゆ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ ラぺ∠ ヴ ͡ ∇エわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びゅ∠ヰホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ (Verily, Allah is not ashamed t o set fort h a parable even of a mosquit o or so much more when it is bigger (or less when it is smaller) t han it ).''

A Parable about the Life of This World Abu Ja` far Ar-Razi report ed t hat Ar-Rabi` bin Anas comment ed on t his Ayah (2:26); "This is an example t hat Allah has given for t he life of t his world. The mosquit o lives as long as it needs food, but when it get s fat , it dies. This is also t he example of people whom Allah ment ioned in t he Qur'an: when t hey acquire (and collect t he delight s of) t he life of t his world, Allah t hen t akes t hem away.'' Aft erwards, he recit ed,

あモミ⊥ ゆ ∠ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミあ ク⊥ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ び￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ (So, when t hey forgot (t he warning) wit h which t hey had been reminded, We opened for t hem t he gat es of every (pleasant ) t hing) (6:44) In t his Ayah (2:26) Allah st at ed t hat He does not shy away or hesit at e in making an example or parable of anyt hing, whet her t he example involves a significant or an insignificant mat t er. Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ヰ∠ホ∇ヲ∠プ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (Or so much more when it is bigger t han it ) Fama fawqaha means, somet hing bigger t han t he mosquit o, which is one of t he most insignificant and t iniest of creat ures. Muslim narrat ed t hat Aishah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ろら∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ る⇔ ミ∠ ヲ∠セ ポ ⊥ ゅ∠ゼΑ⊥ ユ∃ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» «る∠ゃΒ͡トカ ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ろΒ∠ エ ͡ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∀るィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ (No Muslim is harmed by a t horn, Fama fawqaha (or somet hing larger), but a good deed will be writ t en for him and an evil deed will be erased from his record.) So Allah has informed us t hat t here is no mat t er t hat is t oo small t hat is exempt from being used as an example, even if it was as insignificant as a mosquit o or a spider. Allah said,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ モ ∀ ん∠ ョ∠ ゆ ∠ ゲ͡ ッ ⊥ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ヲ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔よゅ∠よク⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ リ∠ャ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グボ͡ レ∠わ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠よグぁ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇らヤ⊥∇ジΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや びゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤ∇トヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ⊥ ャ͡ゅｚトャや ブ ∠ バ⊥ ッ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ (O mankind! A similit ude has been coined, so list en t o it (carefully): Verily, t hose on whom you call besides Allah, cannot creat e (even) a fly, even t hough t hey combine t oget her for t he purpose. And if t he fly snat ches away a t hing from t hem, t hey will have no power t o release it from t he fly. So weak are (bot h) t he seeker and t he sought .) (22:73),

モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グ∠ガゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ぴ ろ ⊥ ∇Βら∠ ャ∠ ͡れヲ⊥Βら⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ワ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔わ∇Βよ∠ ∇れグ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や れ ͡ ヲ⊥らム∠ レ∠バ∇ャや び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ れ ͡ ヲ⊥らム∠ レ∠バ∇ャや (The likeness of t hose who t ake (false deit ies as) Awliya' (prot ect ors, helpers) ot her t han Allah is t he likeness of a spider who builds (for it self) a house; but verily, t he frailest (weakest ) of houses is t he spider's house if t hey but knew.) (29:41), and,

る⇔ ら∠ Βあ デ ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ - ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヰハ ⊥ ∇ゲプ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ろ͡よゅ∠を ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇タぺ∠ る∃ ら∠ Βあ デ ∠ り∃ ゲ∠イゼ ∠ ミ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよあ ケ∠ ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ リ ∃ Β͡ェ ｚモミ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ミ⊥ ぺ⊥ ヴ͡ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥

る∃ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ モ ⊥ ん∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ メ ∠ ゅ∠ん∇ョΕ ∠や ゅ∠ョ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやベ ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろんｚ わ⊥ ∇ィや る∃ ん∠ Β͡らカ ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ イ ∠ゼ ∠ ミ∠ る∃ ん∠ Β͡らカ ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ろ ⊥ あらん∠ Α⊥ - ケ∃ や∠ゲホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ぁツ ͡ Α⊥ ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ろ ͡ よ͡ ゅｚんャや び ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや (See you not how Allah set s fort h a parable A goodly word as a goodly t ree, whose root is firmly fixed, and it s branches (reach) t o t he sky (i.e. very high). Giving it s fruit at all t imes, by t he leave of it s Lord, and Allah set s fort h parables for mankind in order t hat t hey may remember. And t he parable of an evil word is t hat of an evil t ree uproot ed from t he surface of eart h, having no st abilit y. Allah will keep firm t hose who believe, wit h t he word t hat st ands firm in life of t his world (i.e. t hey will keep on worshipping Allah alone and none else), and in t he Hereaft er. And Allah will cause t he Zalimin (polyt heist s and wrongdoers) t o go ast ray t hose and Allah does what He wills.) (14:24-27). Allah said,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ミヲ⊥ヤ∇ヨョｚ や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ぴ び￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ (Allah put s forward t he example of (t wo men a believer and a disbeliever); a servant under t he possession of anot her, he has no power of any sort ) (16:75). He t hen said,

ケ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ Ι ∠ ユ⊥ ム∠ ∇よぺ∠ べ∠ヨワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ィ ⊥ ケｚ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ヮぁ ヰあィヲ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ロ⊥ Ι∇ヲョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ｘ ミ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ びメ ͡ ∇ギバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ∇モワ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ (And Allah put s forward (anot her) example of t wo men, one of t hem dumb, who has no power over anyt hing, and he is a burden on his mast er; whichever way he direct s him, he brings no good. Is such a man equal t o one who commands j ust ice) (16:76). Also, Allah said,

ゅｚョ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∇モワ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ (He set s fort h for you a parable from your own selves: Do you have part ners among t hose whom your right hands possess (i.e. your servant s) t o share as equals in t he wealt h we have best owed on you) (30:28). Muj ahid comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

る⇔ ッ ∠ ヲ⊥バよ∠ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ゆ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ ͡ ∇エわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びゅ∠ヰホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ (Verily, Allah is not ashamed t o set fort h a parable even of a mosquit o or so much more when it is bigger t han it .) "The believers believe in t hese parables, whet her t hey involve large mat t ers or small, because t hey know t hat t hey are t he t rut h from t heir Lord, and Allah guides t he believers by t hese parables.'' In his Tafsir, As-Suddi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, Ibn Mas` ud and ot her people among t he Companions said,

びや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ぁモツ ͡ Α⊥ ぴ (By it He misleads many), "Meaning t he hypocrit es. Allah guides t he believers wit h t hese parables, and t he st raying of t he hypocrit es increases when t hey rej ect t he parables t hat Allah ment ioned for t hem which t hey know are t rue. This is how Allah misleads t hem.''

びヮ͡ よ͡ ヵ͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He guides t hereby) meaning, wit h t he parables,

びや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ぴ (many) from among t he people of fait h and convict ion. Allah adds guidance t o t heir guidance, and fait h t o t heir fait h, because t hey firmly believe in what t hey know t o be t rue, t hat is, t he parables t hat Allah has ment ioned. This is guidance t hat Allah grant s t hem;

びリ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ぁモツ ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(And He misleads t hereby only t he Fasiqin (t he rebellious, disobedient t o Allah)), meaning, t he hypocrit es. The Arabs say t hat t he dat e has Fasaqat , when it comes out of it s skin, and t hey call t he mouse a Fuwaysiqah, because it leaves it s den t o cause mischief. The Two Sahihs recorded ` A'ishah saying t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゆ ⊥ や∠ゲピ⊥ ャや :ュ͡ ゲ∠ エ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ モ あエ ͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ リ ∠ ∇ヤわ∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ ペ ⊥シ ͡ や∠ヲプ∠ ∀ザ∇ヨカ ∠» «ケヲ⊥ボバ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ∇ヤム∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ り⊥ ケ∠ ∇ほヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ボバ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ り⊥ ぺ∠ギ∠ エ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ (Five animals are Fawasiq, and t hey must be killed during Ihram and ot herwise: t he crow, t he kit e, t he scorpion, t he mouse and t he rabid dog.) eFasiq, includes t he disbeliever and t he disobedient . However, t he Fisq of t he disbeliever is worse, and t his is t he t ype of Fasiq t hat t he Ayah is describing here, because Allah described t hem as,

ヮ͡ ボ͡ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ヰハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツボ⊥ レ∠Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ͡ジ∇ヘΑ⊥ ∠ヱ モ ∠タ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バト ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ (Those who break Allah's covenant aft er rat ifying it , and sever what Allah has ordered t o be j oined and do mischief on eart h, it is t hey who are t he losers.) These are t he charact erist ics of t he disbelievers and t hey cont radict t he qualit ies of t he believers. Similarly, Allah said in Surat Ar-Ra` d,

∇リヨ∠ ミ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ リ∠ヨ∠プ∠ぺぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ ∠ や ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ⊥ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ヴ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ペ ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツボ⊥ レ͡Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プヲ⊥Α ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∠タ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤダ ͡ Α∠ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ャや ￢∠ ヲ⊥シ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ (Shall he t hen, who knows t hat what has been revealed unt o you (O Muhammad ) from your Lord is t he t rut h, be like him who is blind But it is only t he men of underst anding t hat pay heed. Those who fulfill t he covenant of Allah and break not t he Mit haq (bond, t reat y, covenant ). And t hose who j oin t hat which Allah has commanded t o be j oined (i.e. t hey are

good t o t heir relat ives and do not sever t he bond of kinship), and fear t heir Lord, and dread t he t errible reckoning.) (13:19-21)) unt il,

ヮ͡ ボ͡ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ヰハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツボ⊥ レ∠Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ͡ジ∇ヘΑ⊥ ∠ヱ モ ∠タ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バト ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ び ケ͡ やｚギャや ￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ∇バｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ (And t hose who break t he covenant of Allah, aft er it s rat ificat ion, and sever t hat which Allah has commanded t o be j oined (i.e. t hey sever t he bond of kinship and are not good t o t heir relat ives), and work mischief in t he land, on t hem is t he curse (i.e. t hey will be far away from Allah's mercy), and for t hem is t he unhappy (evil) home (i.e. Hell).) (13:25) The covenant t hat t hese deviant people broke is Allah's covenant wit h His creat ion, t hat is, t o obey Him and avoid t he sins t hat He prohibit ed. This covenant was reit erat ed in Allah's Books and by t he words of His Messengers. Ignoring t his covenant const it ut es breaking it . It was said t hat t he Ayah (2:27) is about t he disbelievers and t he hypocrit es among t he People of t he Book. In t his case, t he covenant t hat t hey broke is t he pledge t hat Allah t ook from t hem in t he Tawrah t o follow Muhammad when he is sent as a Prophet , and t o believe in him, and in what he was sent wit h. Breaking Allah's covenant in t his case occured when t he People of t he Book rej ect ed t he Prophet aft er t hey knew t he t rut h about him, and t hey hid t his t rut h from people, even t hough t hey swore t o Allah t hat t hey would do ot herwise. Allah informed us t hat t hey t hrew t he covenant behind t heir backs and sold it for a miserable price. It was also report ed t hat t he Ayah (2:27) refers t o all disbelievers, idol worshippers and hypocrit es. Allah t ook t heir pledge t o believe in His Oneness, showing t hem t he signs t hat t est ify t o His Lordship. He also t ook a covenant from t hem t o obey His commands and refrain from His prohibit ions, knowing t hat His Messengers would bring proofs and miracles t hat none among t he creat ion could ever produce. These miracles t est ified t o t he t rut h of Allah's Messengers. The covenant was broken when t he disbelievers denied what was proven t o t hem t o be aut hent ic and rej ect ed Allah's Prophet s and Books, alt hough t hey knew t hat t hey were t he t rut h. This Tafsir was report ed from Muqat il bin Hayyan, and it is very good. It is also t he view t hat Az-Zamakhshari held. Allah's st at ement next ,

びモ ∠タ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バト ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And sever what Allah has ordered t o be j oined) is in reference t o keeping t he relat ions wit h t he relat ives, as Qat adah assert ed. This Ayah is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡ま ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βジ ∠ハ ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ び ∇ユム⊥ ョ∠ ゅ∠ェ∇ケぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バト あ ボ∠ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠

(Would you t hen, if you were given t he aut horit y, do mischief in t he land, and sever your t ies of kinship) (47:22) Ibn Jarir At -Tabari preferred t his opinion. However, it has been said t hat t he meaning of t he Ayah (2:27) here is more general. Hence, everyt hing t hat Allah has commanded t o nurt ure, and t he people severed, is included in it s meaning.

The Meaning of ` Loss Muqat il bin Hayyan comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺぴ (It is t hey who are t he losers) "In t he Hereaft er.'' Similarly, Allah said,

びケ͡ やｚギャや ￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ∇バヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (On t hem is t he curse (i.e. t hey will be far away from Allah's mercy), and for t hem is t he unhappy (evil) home (i.e. Hell)) (13:25). Also, Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Every charact erist ic t hat Allah describes t hose ot her t han t he people of Islam - such as being losers - t hen it refers t o disbelief. However, when t hey are at t ribut ed t o t he people of Islam, t hen t hese t erms refer t o sin.'' Ibn Jarir comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺぴ (It is t hey who are t he losers,) "` Losers is plural for loser, t his word refers t o whoever decreased his own share of Allah's mercy by disobeying Him, j ust as t he merchant loses in his t rade by sust aining capit al loss. Such is t he case wit h t he hypocrit e and t he disbeliever who lose t heir share of t he mercy t hat Allah has in st ore for His servant s on t he Day of Resurrect ion. And t hat is when t he disbeliever and t he hypocrit e most desperat ely need Allah's mercy.''

ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠Β∇ェほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ゎヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ (28. How can you disbelieve in Allah seeing t hat you were dead and He gave you life Then He will give you deat h, t hen again will bring you t o life (on t he Day of Resurrect ion) and t hen unt o Him you will ret urn.) Allah t est ifies t o t he fact t hat He exist s and t hat He is t he Creat or and t he Sust ainer Who has full aut horit y over His servant s,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ぴ (How can you disbelieve in Allah) How can anyone deny Allah's exist ence or worship ot hers wit h Him while;

び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠Β∇ェほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ゎヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ぴ (You were dead and He gave you life) meaning, He brought t hem from t he st at e of nonexist ence t o life. Similarly, Allah said,

∇ュぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヤ͡⇒∠ガ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇ュぺ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ͡カ ⊥ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α Ι ｚ モ∠よ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ∠カ ∠ (Were t hey creat ed by not hing Or were t hey t hemselves t he creat ors Or did t hey creat e t he heavens and t he eart h Nay, but t hey have no firm belief) (52:35-36) and,

リ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ワギｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀リΒ͡ェ リ ͡ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ミ∇グョｚ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ (Has t here not been over man a period of t ime, when he was not a t hing wort h ment ioning) (76:1). There are many ot her Ayat on t his subj ect . Ibn Jarir report ed from ` At a' t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠Β∇ェほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ゎヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ぴ (Seeing t hat you were dead and He gave you life) means, "You did not exist beforehand. You were not hing unt il Allah creat ed you; He will bring deat h t o you and t hen bring you back t o life during Resurrect ion.'' Ibn ` Abbas t hen said, "This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ;

びリ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ∇をや ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ΒΒ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ∇をや ゅ∠レわｚ ョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They will say: "Our Lord! You have made us t o die t wice and You have given us life t wice.'') (40:11)''

ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ れ ∃ や∠ヲ⇒∠ヨシ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ｚリワ⊥ やｚヲジ ∠ プ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ン∠ヲわ∠ ∇シや び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ (29. He it is Who creat ed for you all t hat is on eart h. Then He Ist awa ila t he heaven and made t hem seven heavens and He is t he Knower of everyt hing.)

Evidence of Allah's Ability Aft er Allah ment ioned t he proofs of His creat ing t hem, and what t hey can wit ness in t hemselves as proof of t hat , He ment ioned anot her proof t hat t hey can wit ness, t hat is, t he creat ion of t he heavens and eart h. Allah said,

ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ びれ ∃ や∠ヲ⇒∠ヨシ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ｚリワ⊥ やｚヲジ ∠ プ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ン∠ヲわ∠ ∇シや (He it is Who creat ed for you all t hat is on eart h. Then He Ist awa ila t he heaven and made t hem seven heavens) meaning, He t urned t owards t he heaven,

びｚリワ⊥ やｚヲジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (And made t hem) meaning, t hat He made t he heaven, seven heavens. Allah said,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ れ ∃ や∠ヲ⇒∠ヨシ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ｚリワ⊥ やｚヲジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (And made t hem seven heavens and He is t he Knower of everyt hing) meaning, His knowledge encompasses all His creat ion, j ust as He said in anot her Ayah,

びペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Should not He Who has creat ed know) (67:14).

The Beginning of the Creation This Ayah (2:29) is explained in det ail in Surat As-Saj dah where Allah said;

ヴ͡プ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムわ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ￢͡ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ -リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ や⇔キや∠ギル∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∇イ∠ゎ∠ヱ リ ͡ ∇Βョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ⇒∠よヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ ∠シ ͡ や∠ヱケ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ｚユを⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤも͡ べジ ｚ ヤあャ ￢⇔ へ∠ヲシ ∠ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヰゎ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∀ラゅ∠カキ⊥ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ン∠ヲわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Β͡バも͡ べ∠デ ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠わャ∠ゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔ワ∇ゲミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ハ∇ヲデ ∠ ゅ∠Βわ͡ ∇もや チ ͡ ∇ケΚ ｘ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡プ ヴ∠ェ∇ヱ∠ぺ∠ヱ リ ͡ ∇Βョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ͡プ れ ∃ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨシ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ｚリワ⊥ ゅ∠ツボ∠ プ∠ ウ ∠ Β͡ら⇒∠ダヨ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅｚレΑｚ コ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ￢∃ べ∠ヨシ ∠ あモミ⊥ び ユ͡ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Α͡ギ∇ボゎ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ⇔ヌ∇ヘェ ͡ ヱ∠ (Say (O Muhammad ): "Do you verily disbelieve in Him Who creat ed t he eart h in t wo Days And you set up rivals (in worship) wit h Him That is t he Lord of all t hat exist s. He placed t herein (i.e. t he eart h) firm mount ains from above it , and He blessed it , and measured t herein it s sust enance (for it s dwellers) in four Days equal (i.e. all t hese four ` days' were equal in t he lengt h of t ime) for all t hose who ask (about it s creat ion). Then He Ist awa ila t he heaven when it was smoke, and said t o it and t o t he eart h: "Come bot h of you willingly or unwillingly.'' They bot h said: "We come willingly.'' Then He finished t hem (as) seven heavens in t wo Days and He made in each heaven it s affair. And We adorned t he nearest (lowest ) heaven wit h lamps (st ars) t o be an adornment as well as t o guard (from t he devils by using t hem as missiles against t he devils). Such is t he decree of t he Almight y, t he Knower) (41:9-12). These Ayat indicat e t hat Allah st art ed creat ion by creat ing eart h, t hen He made heaven int o seven heavens. This is how building usually st art s, wit h t he lower floors first and t hen t he t op floors, as t he scholars of Tafsir reit erat ed, as we will come t o know, Allah willing. Allah also said,

ゅ∠ヰム∠ ∇ヨシ ∠ ノ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レよ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ュ͡ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠￢ぺ∠ぴ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠エッ ⊥ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ズ ∠ ト ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ヱ∠ - ゅ∠ワやｚヲジ ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ワ￢∠ べ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ェキ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ

∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ゅ⇔バ⇒∠わョ∠ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠シ∇ケぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ハ∇ゲョ∠ ヱ∠ び ∇ユム⊥ ヨ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ６ ヱ∠ (Are you more difficult t o creat e or is t he heaven t hat He const ruct ed He raised it s height , and has perfect ed it . It s night He covers wit h darkness and it s forenoon He brings out (wit h light ). And t he eart h, aft er t hat , He spread it out . And brought fort h t herefrom it s wat er and it s past ure. And t he mount ains He has fixed firmly. (To be) a provision and benefit for you and your cat t le) (79:27-33). It is said t hat "Then'' in t he Ayah (2:29) relat es only t o t he order of recit ing t he informat ion being given, it does not relat e t o t he order t hat t he event s being ment ioned t ook place, t his was report ed from Ibn ` Abbas by ` Ali bin Abi Talhah.

The Earth was created before Heaven Muj ahid comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He it is Who creat ed for you all t hat is on eart h) "Allah creat ed t he eart h before heaven, and when He creat ed t he eart h, smoke burst out of it . This is why Allah said,

び∀ラゅ∠カキ⊥ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ￢͡ べヨ∠ ジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ン∠ヲわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then He Ist awa ila (t urned t owards) t he heaven when it was smoke.) (41:11)

びれ ∃ や∠ヲ⇒∠ヨシ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ｚリワ⊥ やｚヲジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (And made t hem seven heavens) means, one above t he ot her, while t he ` seven eart hs' means, one below t he ot her.'' This Ayah t est ifies t o t he fact t hat t he eart h was creat ed before heaven, as Allah has indicat ed in t he Ayat in Surat As-Saj dah.

Spreading the Earth out after the Heavens were created Sahih Al-Bukhari records t hat when Ibn ` Abbas was quest ion about t his mat t er, he said t hat t he eart h was creat ed before heaven, and t he eart h was spread out only aft er t he creat ion of t he heaven. Several Tafsir scholars of old and recent t imes also said similarly, as we have elaborat ed on in t he Tafsir of Surat An-Nazi` at (chapt er 79). The result of t hat discussion is

t hat t he word Daha (t ranslat ed above as "spread'') is ment ioned and explained in Allah's st at ement ,

ゅ∠ワ￢∠ べ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ェキ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱぴ び ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠シ∇ケぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ハ∇ゲョ∠ ヱ∠ (And t he eart h, aft er t hat , He spread it out . And brought fort h t herefrom it s wat er and it s past ure. And t he mount ains He has fixed firmly.) (79:30-32) Therefore, Daha means t hat t he eart h's t reasures were brought t o it s surface aft er finishing t he j ob of creat ing what ever will reside on eart h and heaven. When t he eart h became Daha, t he wat er burst out t o it s surface and t he various t ypes, colors, shapes and kinds of plant s grew. The st ars st art ed rot at ing along wit h t he planet s t hat rot at e around t hem. And Allah knows best .

チ ͡ ∇ケΕ ∠ や ヴ͡プ ∀モ͡ハゅ∠ィ ヶあルま͡ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ マ ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ギ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ヘΑ⊥ リ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ る⇔ ヘ∠ Β͡ヤカ ∠ ヶあルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ ャ∠ サ ⊥ あギボ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ ル⊥ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ョギあ ャや び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ (30. And (remember) when your Lord said t o t he angels: "Verily, I am going t o place (mankind) generat ions aft er generat ions on eart h.'' They said: "Will You place t herein t hose who will make mischief t herein and shed blood, while we glorify You wit h praises and t hanks and sanct ify You.'' He (Allah) said: "I know t hat which you do not know.'')

Adam and His Children inhabited the Earth, Generation after Generation Allah reit erat ed His favor on t he Children of Adam when He st at ed t hat He ment ioned t hem in t he highest of height s before He creat ed t hem. Allah said,

びる͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And (remember) when your Lord said t o t he angels.) This Ayah means, "O Muhammad ! Ment ion t o your people what Allah said t o t he angels,

びる⇔ ヘ∠ Β͡ヤカ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΕ ∠ や ヴ͡プ ∀モ͡ハゅ∠ィ ヶあルま͡ぴ (Verily, I am going t o place a Khalifah on eart h). Meaning people reproducing generat ion aft er generat ion, cent ury aft er cent ury, j ust as Allah said,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやブ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤカ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And it is He Who has made you (Khala'if) generat ions coming aft er generat ions, replacing each ot her on t he eart h) (6:165),

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ￢∠ べ∠ヘヤ∠ェ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And makes you (Khulafa') inherit ors of t he eart h) (27:62),

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ る⇔ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョｚ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ (And if it were Our will, We would have (dest royed you (mankind all, and) made angels t o replace you (Yakhlufun) on t he eart h.) (43: 60) and,

び∀ブ∇ヤ∠カ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ブ ∠ ヤ∠ガ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then aft er t hem succeeded an (evil) generat ion (Khalf)) (7:169). It appears t hat Allah was not refering t o Adam specifically as Khalifah, ot herwise he would not have allowed t he angels' st at ement ,

び￢∠ べ∠ョギあ ャや マ ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ギ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ヘΑ⊥ リ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Will You place t herein t hose who will make mischief t herein and shed blood). The angels meant t hat t his t ype of creat ure usually commit s t he at rocit ies t hey ment ioned. The angels knew of t his fact , according t o t heir underst anding of human nat ure, for Allah st at ed t hat He would creat e man from clay. Or, t he angels underst ood t his fact from t he word Khalifah, which also means t he person who j udges disput es t hat occur bet ween people, forbidding t hem from inj ust ice and sin, as Al-Qurt ubi said.

The st at ement t he angels ut t ered was not a form of disput ing wit h Allah's, nor out of envy for t he Children of Adam, as some mist akenly t hought . Allah has described t hem as t hose who do not precede Him in speaking, meaning t hat t hey do not ask Allah anyt hing wit hout His permission. When Allah informed t hem t hat He was going t o creat e a creat ion on t he eart h, and t hey had knowledge t hat t his creat ion would commit mischief on it , as Qat adah ment ioned, t hey said,

び￢∠ べ∠ョギあ ャや マ ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ギ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ヘΑ⊥ リ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Will You place t herein t hose who will make mischief t herein and shed blood) This is only a quest ion for t he sake of learning about t he wisdom of t hat , as if t hey said, Our Lord! What is t he wisdom of creat ing such creat ures since t hey will cause t rouble in t he eart h and spill blood "If t he wisdom behind t his act ion is t hat You be worshipped, we praise and glorify You (meaning we pray t o You) we never indulge in mischief, so why creat e ot her creat ures'' Allah said t o t he angels in answer t o t heir inquiry,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ぴ (I know t hat which you do not know.) meaning, "I know t hat t he benefit of creat ing t his t ype of creat ure out weighs t he harm t hat you ment ioned, t hat which you have no knowledge of. I will creat e among t hem Prophet s and send Messengers. I will also creat e among t hem t rut hful, mart yrs, right eous believers, worshippers, t he modest , t he pious, t he scholars who implement t heir knowledge, humble people and t hose who love Allah and follow His Messengers.'' The Sahih recorded t hat when t he angels ascend t o Allah wit h t he records of t he servant 's deeds, Allah asks t hem, while having bet t er knowledge, "How did you leave My servant s'' They will say, "We came t o t hem while t hey were praying and left t hem while t hey were praying.'' This is because t he angels work in shift s wit h mankind, and t hey change shift s during t he Faj r and ` Asr prayers. The angels who descended will remain wit h us, while t he angels who have remained wit h us ascend wit h our deeds. The Messenger of Allah said,

ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャや モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ノ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ » «モ∇Βヤｚャや モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ (The deeds of t he night are elevat ed t o Allah before t he morning, and t he deeds of t he morning before t he night falls. ) Hence, t he angels' st at ement , "We came t o t hem while t hey were praying and left t hem while t hey were praying,'' explains Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ぴ (I know t hat which you do not know.) It was said t hat t he meaning of Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ぴ (I know t hat which you do not know.) is, "I have a specific wisdom in creat ing t hem, which you do not have knowledge of.'' It was also said t hat it is in answer t o,

びマ ∠ ャ∠ サ ⊥ あギボ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ ル⊥ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (While we glorify You wit h praises and t hanks and sanct ify You) aft er which Allah said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ぴ (I know t hat which you do not know). Meaning, "I know t hat Iblis is not as you are, alt hough he is among you.'' Ot hers said,

リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ョギあ ャや マ ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ギ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ヘΑ⊥ リ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びマ ∠ ャ∠ サ ⊥ あギボ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ ル⊥ "(Will You place t herein t hose who will make mischief t herein and shed blood, while we glorify you wit h praises and t hanks and sanct ify You.) is t heir request t hat t hey should be allowed t o inhabit t he eart h, inst ead of t he Children of Adam. So Allah said t o t hem,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ぴ (I know t hat which you do not know) if your inhabit ing t he heavens is bet t er, or worse for you.'' Ar-Razi as well as ot hers said t his. Allah knows best .

The Obligation of appointing a Khalifah and some related Issues Al-Qurt ubi, as well as ot her scholars, said t hat t his Ayah (2:30) proves t he obligat ion of appoint ing a Khalifah t o pass j udgement s on mat t ers of disput e bet ween people, t o aid t he oppressed against t he oppressor, t o implement t he Islamic penal code and t o forbid evil. There are many ot her t asks t hat can only be fulfilled by appoint ing t he Imam, and what is necessary

in performing an obligat ion, is an obligat ion it self. We should st at e here t hat Imamah occurs by eit her naming a successor, as a group among Ahl As-Sunnah scholars said occurred - by t he Prophet - in t he case of Abu Bakr, or hint ing t o a successor. Or, t he current Khalifah names a cert ain person as Khalifah aft er him, as Abu Bakr did wit h ` Umar. Or, t he Khalifah might leave t he mat t er in t he hands of t he Muslim consult at ive council, or a group of right eous men, j ust as ` Umar did. Or, t he people of aut horit y could gat her around a cert ain person t o whom t hey give t he pledge of allegiance, or t hey could select one among t hem t o choose t he candidat e, according t o t he maj orit y of t he scholars. The Khalifah must be a responsible adult Muslim male, able t o perform Ij t ihad (independent legal j udgment s), bodily able, right eous, wit h knowledge of warfare, polit ics. He also must be from t he t ribe of Quraysh, according t o t he correct view, but it is not necessary t hat he be from t he t ribe of Bani Hashim, or t hat he be immune from error, as t he Rafidah (Shiit es) falsely claim. When t he Khalifah becomes an immoral person (Fasiq), should he be impeached There is disagreement over t his mat t er, but t he correct view is t hat he is not t o be removed, because t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヮ͡ Β͡プ ぶ ͡ や リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ゅ⇔ェや∠ヲよ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ や∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡» «ラゅ∠ワ∇ゲよ⊥ (Unless you wit ness a clear Kufr regarding which you have clear proof from Allah. ) Does t he Khalifah have t he right t o resign from his post There is a difference on t his issue. It is a fact t hat Al-Hasan bin ` Ali removed himself from t he posit ion of Khalifah and surrendered it t o Mu` awiyah. However, t his occurred because of a necessit y, and Al-Hasan was praised for t his act ion. It is not permissible t o appoint t wo Imams for t he world or more at t he same t ime. This is not allowed because t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ベ ∠ ゲあ ヘ∠ Α⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ∀ノΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ∇リョ∠ » «ラゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ ゅ⇔レ͡もゅ∠ミ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プ (Whoever came t o you while you are unit ed and t ried t o divide you, t hen execut e him, no mat t er who he is.) This is t he view of t he maj orit y of scholars. Imam Al-Haramayn st at ed t hat Abu Ishaq allowed t he appoint ment of t wo or more Imams when t he various provinces are far away from each ot her. However, Imam Al-Haramayn himself was indecisive about t his view.

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ッ ∠ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠ヰヤｚミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇シΕ ∠ や ュ∠ キ∠ や∠￢ ユ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ￢͡ べ∠ヨ∇シほ∠よ͡ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ゃら͡ ル∠ぺ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや べ∠レわ∠ ∇ヨヤｚハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠レ∠ャ ユ∠ ∇ヤハ ͡ Ι ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ユ⊥ヰ∇ゃら͡ ル∠ぺ ュ⊥ キ∠ や∠￢ゅ⇒∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ モ⊥ホぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ユ͡ヰも͡ べ∠ヨ∇シほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ワほ∠ら∠ ルぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ヨ∇シほ∠よ͡ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ や∠ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ょ ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ (31. And He t aught Adam all t he names (of everyt hing), t hen He showed t hem t o t he angels and said, "Tell Me t he names of t hese if you are t rut hful.'') (32. They (angels) said: "Glory is t o You, we have no knowledge except what you have t aught us. Verily, You are t he Knower, t he Wise.'') (33. He said: "O Adam! Inform t hem of t heir names,'' and when he had informed t hem of t heir names, He said: "Did I not t ell you t hat I know t he Ghayb (unseen) in t he heavens and t he eart h, and I know what you reveal and what you have been concealing'')

The Virtue of Adam over the Angels Allah st at ed t he virt ue of Adam above t he angels, because He t aught Adam, rat her t han t hem, t he names of everyt hing. This occurred aft er t hey prost rat ed t o him. This discussion precedes t hat event here, only t o show t he import ance of his posit ion, and t he absence of t he angels' knowledge about creat ing t he Khalifah when t hey asked about it . So Allah informed t he angels t hat He knows what t hey do not know, and t hen He ment ioned t his t o show t hem Adam's superiorit y over t hem in knowledge. Allah said,

びゅ∠ヰヤｚミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇シΕ ∠ や ュ∠ キ∠ や∠￢ ユ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He t aught Adam all t he names (of everyt hing)). Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah;

びゅ∠ヰヤｚミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇シΕ ∠ や ュ∠ キ∠ や∠￢ ユ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And He t aught Adam all t he names (of everyt hing)) "Meaning, t he names t hat people use, such as human, animal, sky, eart h, land, sea, horse, donkey, and so fort h, including t he names of t he ot her species.'' Ibn Abi Hat im and Ibn Jarir report ed t hat ` Asim bin Kulayb narrat ed from Sa` id bin Ma` bad t hat Ibn ` Abbas was quest ioned,

びゅ∠ヰヤｚミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇シΕ ∠ や ュ∠ キ∠ や∠￢ ユ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He t aught Adam all t he names (of everyt hing)) "Did Allah t each him t he names of t he plat e and t he pot '' He said, "Yes, and even t he t erms for breaking wind!'' Allah t aught Adam t he names of everyt hing, t heir proper names, t he names of t heir charact erist ics, and what t hey do, j ust as Ibn ` Abbas st at ed about t he t erms for passing gas. In his Sahih, Al-Bukhari explained t his Ayah in t he Book of Tafsir wit h a report from Anas bin Malik who said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヲ͡ ャ∠ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ぽ⊥ヨ∇ャや ノ⊥ ヨ͡ わ∠ ∇イΑ∠ » ヲ⊥よぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠レ∇バヘ∠ ∇ゼわ∠ ∇シや マ ∠ ヨ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤョ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ ∠ ∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ やマ ∠ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ノヘ∠ ∇セゅ∠プ ∩∃￢∇ヶセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇シぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠レワ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇ジャ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩やグ∠ワ ゅ∠レ͡ルゅ∠ム∠ョ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レエ ∠ Αゲ⊥Α メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルみ͡プ ゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ル やヲ⊥わ∇もや ヶ͡Β∇エわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ら∠ ∇ルク∠ ゲ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヮ∠ルヲ⊥ゎ∇ほ∠Β∠プ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ん∠ バ∠ よ∠ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮｚよケ∠ ヮ∠ャや∠ぽシ ⊥ ゲ⊥ミ∇グΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅレ⊥ワ ろ ⊥ ∇ジャ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ リヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや モ ∠ Β͡ヤカ ∠ やヲ⊥わ∇もや :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡Β∇エわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ユ∇ヤハ ͡ ヮ͡よ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ やヲ⊥わ∇もや :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠レワ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇ジャ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠プ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ジャ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠プ ∩∠りや∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ロ⊥ ゅ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ヱ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚミ∠ や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヶ͡Β∇エわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ザ ͡ ∇ヘレｚ ャや モ ∠ ∇わホ∠ ゲ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇グΒ∠ プ∠ ユ⊥ミゅ∠レワ⊥

る∠ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や∠ギ∇らハ ∠ ヴジΒ͡ハ やヲ⊥わ∇もや :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ やヲ⊥わ∇もや ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠レワ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇ジャ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮェ ∠ ヱ⊥ケヱ ぶ ͡ や ∩∠ゲカ ｚ ほ∠ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ルク∠ ∇リョ͡ ュｚギボ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ビ ⊥ や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ や⇔ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ラ ⊥ ク∠ ∇ほΒ∠ プ ヶあよケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ク͡ ほわ∇シぺ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ペ ⊥ ヤ͡ト ∠ ∇ルほ∠プ ヶあルヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヶ͡レハ ⊥ ギ∠ Β∠ プ∠ や⇔ギィ ͡ ゅ∠シ ろ ⊥ ∇バホ∠ ヱ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ や∠クみ͡プ ∩ヶ͡ャ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ヮト ∠ ∇バゎ⊥ ∇モシ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠シ ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ∇ノプ∠ ∇ケや :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぶ ⊥ や ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ギ∃ Β͡ヨ∇エわ∠ よ͡ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェほ∠プ ヶ͡シ∇ぺケ∠ ノ⊥ プ∠ ∇ケほ∠プ ∩∇ノヘｚ ゼ ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ノヘ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇ノヨ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇キほ⊥プ や６ギェ ∠ ヶ͡ャ ギぁ エ ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇セぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡レヨ⊥ あヤバ∠ Α⊥ ヶ͡ャ ギぁ エ ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇セぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ヶあよケ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クみ∠プ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま キ⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ ｚユを⊥ る∠ ん∠ ャ͡ゅｚんャや キ⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇キほ⊥プ や６ギェ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ら∠ ェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚャま ケゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ヶ ∠ ボ͡ よ∠ ゅ∠ョ:メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホほ∠プ∠ る∠ バ∠ よ͡ やｚゲャや «キヲ⊥ヤガ ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ⊥ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや (The believers will gat her on t he Day of Resurrect ion and will say, ` We should seek a means of int ercession wit h our Lord' They will go t o Adam and say, ` O Adam! You are t he fat her of all mankind, Allah creat ed you wit h His Own Hand, ordered t he angels t o prost rat e for you and t aught you t he names of everyt hing. Will you not int ercede for us wit h your Lord, so t hat he relieve us from t his gat hering place' On t hat Adam will reply, ` I cannot do what you have asked'. He will have remembered his error and will be embarrassed, saying, ` Go t o Nuh, for he is t he first of Allah's Messengers whom Allah sent t o t he people of t he eart h.' They will go t o Nuh and ask him. He will say, ` I cannot do what you have asked.' He will recall asking Allah what he was not t o know, and will also be embarrassed. He will say, ` Go t o Khalil Ar-Rahman.' They will go t o Ibrahim and he will also say, ` I cannot do what you have asked.' He will say, ` Go t o Musa, a servant t o whom Allah spoke direct ly and gave t he Tawrah.' Musa will say, ` I cannot do what you have asked.' He will remember t hat he killed a person wit hout j ust ificat ion and will be embarrassed before his Lord. He will say, ` Go t o ` Isa, Allah's servant and Messenger and His Word and a spirit of His.' They will go t o ` Isa and he will say, ` I will not do what you asked. Go t o Muhammad, a servant whose previous and lat t er errors were forgiven.' They will come t o me, and I will go t o Allah and seek His permission and He will give me His permission. When I gaze at my Lord, I will prost rat e myself and Allah will allow me t o remain like t hat as much as He will. Then I will be addressed, ` O Muhammad! Raise your head; ask, for you will be

given what you ask, and int ercede, for your int ercession will be accept ed.' I will raise my head and t hank and praise Allah wit h such praise as He will inspire me. I will int ercede and He will grant me a quant it y of people t hat He will admit int o Paradise. I will go back t o Him, and when I see my Lord, I will int ercede and He will allow me a quant it y t hat He will admit int o Paradise. I will do t hat for a t hird and t hen a fourt h t ime. I will say, ` There are no more people left in Hell except t hose whom t he Qur'an has incarcerat ed and have t hus acquired et ernit y in Hell.') This Hadit h was collect ed by Muslim, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah. fThe reason why we ment ioned t his Hadit h here is t he Prophet 's st at ement ,

ぶ ⊥ やマ ∠ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヲ⊥よぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ :ラヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ » あモミ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇シぺ∠ マ ∠ ヨ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤョ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ ∠ ∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ «￢∇ヶセ ∠ (They will go t o Adam and say, ` O Adam! You are t he fat her of all mankind, and Allah creat ed you wit h His Own Hand, ordered t he angels t o prost rat e for you, and t aught you t he names of everyt hing). This part of t he Hadit h t est ifies t o t he fact t hat Allah t aught Adam t he names of all creat ures. This is why Allah said,

びる͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ッ ∠ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then He showed t hem t o t he angels) meaning, t he obj ect s or creat ions. ` Abdur-Razzaq narrat ed t hat Ma` mar said t hat Qat adah said, "Allah paraded t he obj ect s before t he angels,

びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ￢͡ べ∠ヨ∇シほ∠よ͡ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ゃら͡ ル∠ぺ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ (And said, "Tell Me t he names of t hese if you are t rut hful'').'' Allah's st at ement means, "Tell Me t he names of what I paraded before you, O angels who said,

び￢∠ べ∠ョギあ ャや マ ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ギ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ヘΑ⊥ リ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Will You place t herein t hose who will make mischief t herein and shed blood). You asked, ` Are You appoint ing a Khalifah from us or from ot her creat ions We praise and glorify You. Therefore, Allah said, "If you say t he t rut h, t hat if I appoint a non-angel Khalifah on t he eart h, he and his offspring will disobey Me, commit mischief and shed blood, but if I designat e you t he Khalifahs you will obey Me, follow My command and honor and glorify Me. However, since you

do not know t he names of t he obj ect s I paraded before you, t hen you have even less knowledge of what will occur on t he eart h t hat does not exist yet .''

ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ べ∠レわ∠ ∇ヨヤｚハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠レ∠ャ ユ∠ ∇ヤハ ͡ Ι ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや (They (angels) said: "Glory is t o You, we have no knowledge except what you have t aught us. Verily, it is You, t he Knower, t he Wise.''). Here t he angels are praising Allah's holiness, and perfect ion above every kind of deficiency, affirming t hat no creat ure could ever acquire any part of Allah's knowledge, except by His permission, nor could anyone know anyt hing except what Allah t eaches t hem. This is why t hey said,

ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ べ∠レわ∠ ∇ヨヤｚハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠レ∠ャ ユ∠ ∇ヤハ ͡ Ι ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ びユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ("Glory is t o You, we have no knowledge except what you have t aught us. Verily You are t he Knower, t he Wise) meaning, Allah is knowledgeable of everyt hing, Most Wise about His creat ion, and He makes t he wisest decisions, and He t eaches and deprives whom He wills from knowledge. Verily, Allah's wisdom and j ust ice in all mat t ers is perfect .

Adam's Virtue of Knowledge is demonstrated Allah said,

ユ⊥ワほ∠ら∠ ル∠ぺ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ヨ∇シほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ヰ∇ゃら͡ ル∠ぺ ュ⊥ キ∠ や∠￢ゅ⇒∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ょ ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ モ⊥ホぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ユ͡ヰも͡ べ∠ヨ∇シほ∠よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ や∠ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ (He said: "O Adam! Inform t hem of t heir names,'' and when he had informed t hem of t heir names, He said: "Did I not t ell you t hat I know t he Ghayb (unseen) in t he heavens and t he eart h, and I know what you reveal and what you have been concealing'') Zayd bin Aslam said, "You are Jibril, you are Mika'il, you are Israfil, unt il he ment ioned t he name of t he crow.'' Muj ahid said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ヨ∇シほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ヰ∇ゃら͡ ル∠ぺ ュ⊥ キ∠ や∠￢ゅ⇒∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "O Adam! Inform t hem of t heir names,'') "The name of t he pigeon, t he crow and everyt hing.'' St at ement s of a similar meaning were report ed from Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan, and Qat adah. When Adam's virt ue over t he angels became apparent , as he ment ioned t he names t hat Allah t aught him, Allah said t o t he angels,

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ や∠ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ょ ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ モ⊥ホぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ (Did I not t ell you t hat I know t he Ghayb (unseen) in t he heavens and t he eart h, and I know what you reveal and what you have been concealing) This means, "Did I not st at e t hat I know t he seen and unseen mat t ers. '' Similarly, Allah said,

び ヴ∠ヘ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲｚ ジ あ ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ゲヰ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if you (O Muhammad ) speak (t he invocat ion) aloud, t hen verily, He knows t he secret and t hat which is yet more hidden) (20:7). Also, Allah said about t he hoopoe, t hat it said t o Sulayman;

ヴ͡プ ￢∠ ∇ょガ ∠ ∇ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レヤ͡∇バゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや び ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ( As Shayt an (Sat an) has barred t hem from Allah's way so t hey do not prost rat e before Allah, Who brings t o light what is hidden in t he heavens and t he eart h, and knows what you conceal and what you reveal. Allah, La ilaha illa Huwa (none has t he right t o be worshipped but He), t he Lord of t he Supreme Throne!) (27:25-26). They also have comment s ot her t han what we have said about t he meaning of Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And I know what you reveal and what you have been concealing).

It is report ed from Ad-Dahhak t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And I know what you reveal and what you have been concealing) means, "` I know t he secret s, j ust as I know t he apparent t hings, such as, what Iblis concealed in his heart of arrogance and pride.'' Abu Ja` far Ar-Razi narrat ed t hat Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said t hat ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱギ⊥ ∇らゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And I know what you reveal and what you have been concealing) means, "The apparent part of what t hey said was: ` Do you creat e in it t hat which would commit mischief and shed blood' The hidden meaning was: ` We have more knowledge and honor t han any creat ion our Lord would creat e.' But t hey came t o know t hat Allah favored Adam above t hem regarding knowledge and honor.''

Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ∠ジ ∠ プ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ Ι ６ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇シや る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ヴ∠よぺ∠ ザ ∠ Β͡ヤ∇よま͡ (34. And (remember) when We said t o t he angels: "Prost rat e yourselves before Adam.'' And t hey prost rat ed except Iblis (Shayt an), he refused and was proud and was one of t he disbelievers (disobedient t o Allah).)

Honoring Adam when the Angels prostrated before Him This Ayah ment ions t he great honor t hat Allah grant ed Adam, and Allah reminded Adam's offspring of t his fact . Allah commanded t he angels t o prost rat e before Adam, as t his Ayah and many Hadit hs t est ify, such as t he Hadit h about t he int ercession t hat we discussed. There is a Hadit h about t he supplicat ion of Musa, "O my Lord! Show me Adam who caused us and himself t o be t hrown out of Paradise.'' When Musa met Adam, he said t o him, "Are you Adam whom Allah creat ed wit h His Own Hands, blew life int o and commanded t he angels t o prost rat e before'' Iblis was among Those ordered t o prost rat e before Adam, alt hough He was not an Angel When Allah commanded t he angels t o prost rat e before Adam, Iblis was included in t his command. Alt hough Iblis was not an angel, he was t rying - and pret ending - t o imit at e t he angels' behavior and deeds, and t his is why he was also included in t he command t o t he angels t o prost rat e before Adam. Sat an was crit icized for defying t hat command, as we will explain wit h det ail, Allah willing, when we ment ion t he Tafsir of Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ペ ∠ジ ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ザ ∠ Β͡ヤ∇よま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ

(Except Iblis (Sat an). He was one of t he Jinn; he disobeyed t he command of his Lord.) (18:50) Similarly, Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Before he undert ook t he pat h of sin, Iblis was wit h t he angels and was called ` Azazil.' He was among t he resident s of t he eart h and was one of t he most act ive worshippers and knowledgeable persons among t he angels. This fact caused him t o be arrogant . Iblis was from a genus called Jinn.''

The Prostration was before Adam but the Obedience was to Allah Qat adah comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びュ∠ キ∠ Ι ６ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇シや る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And (remember) when We said t o t he angels: "Prost rat e yourselves before Adam.'') "The obedience was for Allah and t he prost rat ion was before Adam. Allah honored Adam and commanded t he angels t o prost rat e before him.'' Some people said t hat t his prost rat ion was j ust a prost rat ion of greet ing, peace and honor, hence Allah's st at ement ,

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ や∠ギイ ｚシ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱぁゲカ ∠ ヱ∠ ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αヲ∠ よ∠ ぺ∠ ノ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヴあよケ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ⇒∠Α∇ぼケ⊥ モ ⊥ Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Α びゅ６ボェ ∠ (And he (Prophet Yusuf) raised his parent s t o t he t hrone and t hey fell down before him prost rat e. And he said: "O my fat her! This is t he int erpret at ion of my dream aforet ime! My Lord has made it come t rue!'') (12:100) The pract ice of prost rat ing was allowed for previous nat ions, but was repealed for ours. Mu` adh said t o t he Prophet , "I visit ed Ash-Sham and found t hat t hey used t o prost at e before t heir priest s and scholars. You, O Messenger of Allah, are more deserving of prost rat ion.'' The Prophet said,

れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ∠ ほ∠ャ∠ ゲ∃ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ャ͡ ギ∠ イ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ラぺ や⇔ゲゼ ∠ よ∠ や⇔ゲョ͡ へ ろ ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ボあ ェ ∠ ユ͡ ヌ ∠ハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰィ ͡ ヱ∠ゴャ͡ ギ∠ イ ⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ラぺ り∠ ぺ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや (No. If I was t o command any human t o prost rat e before anot her human, I would command t he wife t o prost rat e before her husband because of t he enormit y of his right on her.) Ar-Razi agreed wit h t his view. Also, Qat adah said about Allah's st at ement ,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ヴ∠よぺ∠ ザ ∠ Β͡ヤ∇よま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ∠ジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (And t hey prost rat ed except Iblis (Shayt an), he refused and was proud and was one of t he disbelievers (disobedient t o Allah).) "Iblis, t he enemy of Allah, envied Adam because Allah honored Adam. He said, ` I was creat ed from fire, and he was creat ed from clay.' Therefore, t he first error ever commit t ed was arrogance, for t he enemy of Allah was t oo arrogant t o prost rat e before Adam.'' I - Ibn Kat hir say, t he following is recorded in t he Sahih,

∇リョ͡ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ゲ∇らミ͡ ∇リョ͡ メ ∃ キ∠ ∇ゲカ ∠ (No person who has t he weight of a must ard seed of arrogance in his heart shall ent er Paradise.) Iblis had disbelief, arrogance, and rebellion, all of which caused him t o be expelled from t he holy presence of Allah, and His mercy.

Κ ∠ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ィ ⊥ ∇ヱコ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リム⊥ ∇シや ュ⊥ キ∠ や∠￢ゅ∠Α ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ り∠ ゲ∠ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠よ∠ゲ∇ボ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ や⇔ギビ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ャｚコ∠ ほ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ムわ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥トら͡ ∇ワや ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚヨョ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ィ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カほ∠プ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∀ノ⇒∠わョ∠ ヱ∠ ゲｘ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΕ ∠ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ ャ͡ びリ ∃ Β͡ェ (35. And We said: "O Adam! Dwell you and your wife in t he Paradise and eat bot h of you freely wit h pleasure and delight , of t hings t herein wherever you will, but come not near t his t ree or you bot h will be of t he Zalimin (wrongdoers). '') (36. Then t he Shayt an made t hem slip t herefrom (t he Paradise), and got t hem out from t hat in which t hey were. We said: "Get you down, all, wit h enmit y bet ween yourselves. On eart h will be a dwelling place for you and an enj oyment for a t ime.'')

Adam was honored again Allah honored Adam by commanding t he angels t o prost rat e before him, so t hey all complied except for Iblis. Allah t hen allowed Adam t o live and eat wherever and what ever he wished in Paradise. Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr bin Marduwyah report ed Abu Dharr saying, "I said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Was Adam a Prophet ' He said,

«ゅ⇔ヤら⊥ ホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚミ∠ ゅ⇔ャヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅ６Βら͡ ル∠ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » (Yes. He was a Prophet and a Messenger t o whom Allah spoke direct ly), meaning

びる∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ィ ⊥ ∇ヱコ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇リム⊥ ∇シやぴ ((O Adam!) Dwell you and your wife in t he Paradise.)''

Hawwa' was created before Adam entered Paradise The Ayah (2:35) indicat es t hat Hawwa' was creat ed before Adam ent ered Paradise, as Muhammad bin Ishaq st at ed. Ibn Ishaq said, "Aft er Allah finished crit icizing Iblis, and aft er t eaching Adam t he names of everyt hing, He said,

び∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ヨ∇シほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ヰ∇ゃら͡ ル∠ぺ ュ⊥ キ∠ や∠￢ゅ⇒∠Αぴ (O Adam! Inform t hem of t heir names) unt il,

びユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, You are t he Knower, t he Wise.) Then Adam fell asleep, as t he People of t he Book and ot her scholars such as Ibn ` Abbas have st at ed, Allah t ook one of Adam's left ribs and made flesh grow in it s place, while Adam was asleep and unaware. Allah t hen creat ed Adam's wife, Hawwa', from his rib and made her a woman, so t hat she could be a comfort for him. When Adam woke up and saw Hawwa' next t o him, it was claimed, he said, ` My flesh and blood, my wife.' Hence, Adam reclined wit h Hawwa'. When Allah married Adam t o Hawwa' and gave him comfort , Allah said t o him direct ly,

ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ Κ ∠ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ィ ⊥ ∇ヱコ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リム⊥ ∇シや ュ⊥ キ∠ や∠￢ゅ∠Αぴ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ムわ∠ プ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ や⇔ギビ ∠ ケ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ("O Adam! Dwell you and your wife in t he Paradise and eat bot h of you freely wit h pleasure and delight , of t hings t herein wherever you will, but come not near t his t ree or you bot h will be of t he Zalimin (wrongdoers).'').''

Allah tests Adam

Allah's st at ement t o Adam,

びり∠ ゲ∠ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (but come not near t his t ree) is a t est for Adam. There are conflict ing opinions over t he nat ure of t he t ree ment ioned here. Some said t hat it was t he grape t ree, barley, dat e t ree, fig t ree, and so fort h. Some said t hat it was a cert ain t ree, and whoever eat s from it will be relieved of t he call of nat ure. It was also said t hat it was a t ree from which t he angels eat so t hat t hey live for et ernit y. Imam Abu Ja` far bin Jarir said, "The correct opinion is t hat Allah forbade Adam and his wife from eat ing from a cert ain t ree in Paradise, but t hey at e from it . We do not know which t ree t hat was, because Allah has not ment ioned anyt hing in t he Qur'an or t he aut hent ic Sunnah about t he nat ure of t his t ree. It was said t hat it was barley, grape, or a fig t ree. It is possible t hat it was one of t hose t rees. Yet , t his is knowledge t hat does not bring any benefit , j ust as being ignorant in it s nat ure does no harm. Allah knows best .'' This is similar t o what ArRazi st at ed in his Tafsir, and t his is t he correct opinion. Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ャｚ∠コ∠ほ∠プぴ (Then t he Shayt an made t hem slip t herefrom) eit her refers t o Paradise, and in t his case, it means t hat Shayt an led Adam and Hawwa' away from it , as ` Asim bin Abi An-Naj ud recit ed it . It is also possible t hat t his Ayah refers t o t he forbidden t ree. In t his case, t he Ayah would mean, as Al-Hasan and Qat adah st at ed, "He t ripped t hem.'' In t his case,

びゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ャｚ∠コ∠ほ∠プぴ (Then t he Shayt an made t hem slip t herefrom) means, "Because of t he t ree'', j ust as Allah said,

びマ ∠ プ͡ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ マ ⊥ プ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ぴ (Turned aside t herefrom (i.e. from Muhammad and t he Qur'an) is he who is t urned aside (by t he decree and preordainment of Allah)) (51:9) meaning, t he deviant person becomes t urned aside - or slips - from t he t rut h because of so and so reason. This is why t hen Allah said,

びヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚヨョ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ィ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カほ∠プ∠ ぴ (And got t hem out from t hat in which t hey were) meaning, t he clot hes, spacious dwelling and comfort able sust enance.

ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥トら͡ ∇ワや ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∃ Β͡ェ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∀ノ⇒∠わョ∠ ヱ∠ ゲｘ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΕ ∠や (We said: "Get you down, all, wit h enmit y bet ween yourselves. On eart h will be a dwelling place for you and an enj oyment for a t ime.'') meaning, dwelling, sust enance and limit ed life, unt il t he commencement of t he Day of Resurrect ion

Adam was very Tall Ibn Abi Hat im narrat ed t hat Ubayy bin Ka` b said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

サ ͡ ∇ぺゲｚ ャや ゲ͡ ∇バセ ∠ ゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ ゅ⇔ャや∠ヲデ ⊥ ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ テ ∠ ボ∠ シ ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや ベ ∠ や∠ク ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∩∀ベヲ⊥エシ ∠ る∀ ヤ∠∇ガル∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ヴャま ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ ル∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∩⊥ヮゎ⊥ ケ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ や∠ギよ∠ ゅ∠ョ メ ⊥ ヱｚ ほ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ シ ⊥ ゅ∠らャ͡ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇バセ ∠ ∇れグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ギぁ わ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヮ͡ゎケ∇ヲハ ∠ ヶあレョ͡ ュ⊥ キ∠ へ ゅ∠Α :リ ⊥ ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ロ⊥ や∠キゅ∠レプ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰハ ∠ コ∠ ゅ∠レプ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ゅ∠ャ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ ͡ ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ュ∠ Κ∠ミ ノ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∨ぁゲヘ͡ ゎ∠ «￢ゅ∠Β∇エわ͡ ∇シや リ ͡ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ

(Allah creat ed Adam t all, wit h t hick hair, j ust as a dat e t ree wit h full branches. When Adam at e from t he forbidden t ree, his cover fell off, and t he first t hing t hat appeared was his privat e area. When he saw his privat e area, he ran away in Paradise and his hair got caught in a t ree. He t ried t o free himself and Ar-Rahman called him, 'O Adam! Are you running away from Me' When Adam heard t he words of Ar-Rahman (Allah), he said, 'No, O my Lord! But I am shy.')

Adam remained in Paradise for an Hour Al-Hakim recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Adam was allowed t o reside in Paradise during t he t ime period bet ween t he ` Asr (Aft ernoon) prayer, unt il sunset .'' Al-Hakim t hen comment ed t his is "Sahih according t o t he Two Shaykhs (Al-Bukhari and Muslim), but t hey did not include it in t heir collect ions.'' Also, Ibn Abi Hat im recorded Ibn ` Abbas saying, "Allah sent Adam t o eart h t o an area called, Dahna, bet ween Makkah and At -Ta'if.'' Al-Hasan Al-Basri said t hat Adam was sent down t o India, while Hawwa' was sent t o Jeddah. Iblis was sent down t o Dust umaysan, several miles from Basra. Furt her, t he snake was sent down t o Asbahan. This was report ed by Ibn Abi Hat im. Also, Muslim and An-Nasa'i recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヮ͡ Β͡プ る͡ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ろバ∠ ヤ∠デ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠» «ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プヱ∠ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ͡ ∇キぺ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プヱ∠ ュ⊥ キ∠ へ ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ (Friday is t he best day on which t he sun has risen. On Friday, Allah creat ed Adam, admit t ed him int o Paradise, and expelled him from it .)

A Doubt and a Rebuttal If one asks, "If t he Paradise t hat Adam was t hrown out of was in heaven, as t he maj orit y of t he scholars assert , t hen is it possible for Iblis t o ent er Paradise, alt hough he was expelled from it by Allah's decision (when he refused t o prost rat e before Adam)'' Basically, t he response t o t his would be t hat t he Paradise which Adam was in, was in t he heavens, not on t he eart h, as we explained in t he beginning of our book Al-Bidayah wanNihayah. The maj orit y of scholars said t hat Shayt an was originally prohibit ed from ent ering Paradise, but t here were t imes when he sneaked int o it in secret . For inst ance, t he Tawrah st at ed t hat Iblis hid inside t he snake's mout h and ent ered Paradise. Some scholars said t hat it is possible t hat Shayt an led Adam and Hawwa' ast ray on his way out of Paradise. Some scholars said t hat he led Adam and Hawwa' ast ray when he was on eart h, while t hey were st ill in heaven, as st at ed by Az-Zamakhshari. Al-Qurt ubi ment ioned several beneficial Hadit hs here about snakes and t he ruling on killing t hem.

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠わプ∠ れ ∃ ゅ∠ヨヤ͡ミ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ュ⊥ キ∠ や∠￢ ヴｚボヤ∠わ∠ プ∠ ぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゆ ⊥ やｚヲわｚ ャや

(37. Then Adam received from his Lord Words. And his Lord pardoned him (accept ed his repent ance). Verily, He is t he One Who forgives (accept s repent ance), t he Most Merciful.)

Adam repents and supplicates to Allah It was report ed t hat t he above Ayah is explained by Allah's st at ement ,

ゅ∠レ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ∠レジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠レ∇ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムレ∠ ャ∠ (37. They said: "Our Lord! We have wronged ourselves. If You forgive us not , and best ow not upon us Your mercy, we shall cert ainly be of t he losers.'') (7:23) as Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Abu Al-` Aliyah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi, Kha lid bin Ma` dan, ` At a' Al-Khurasani and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam have st at ed. As-Suddi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on,

びれ ∃ ゅ∠ヨヤ͡ミ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ュ⊥ キ∠ や∠￢ ヴｚボヤ∠わ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then Adam received from his Lord Words) "Adam said, ` O Lord! Did You not creat ed me wit h Your Own Hands' He said, ` Yes.' He said, ` And blow life int o me' He said, ` Yes.' He said, ` And when I sneezed, You said, ` May Allah grant you His mercy.' Does not Your mercy precede Your anger' He was t old, ` Yes.' Adam said, ` And You dest ined me t o commit t his evil act ' He was t old, ` Yes.' He said, ` If I repent , will You send me back t o Paradise' Allah said, ` Yes.''' Similar is report ed from Al-` Awfi, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Sa` id bin Ma` bad, and Ibn ` Abbas. Al-Hakim recorded t his Hadit h in his Must adrak from Ibn Jubayr, who narrat ed it from Ibn ` Abbas. AlHakim said, "It s chain is Sahih and t hey (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) did not record it .'' Allah's st at ement ,

びユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゆ ⊥ やｚヲわｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, He is t he One Who forgives (accept s repent ance), t he Most Merciful) (2:37) means t hat Allah forgives whoever regret s his error and ret urns t o Him in repent ance. This meaning is similar t o Allah's st at ement s,

びロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ る∠ よ∠ ∇ヲわｚ ャや モ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Know t hey not t hat Allah accept s repent ance from His servant s) (9:104),

びヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ユヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever does evil or wrongs himself) (4:110) and

びゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever repent s and does right eous good deeds) (25:71). The Ayat ment ioned above, t est ify t o t he fact t hat Allah forgives t he sins of whoever repent s, demonst rat ing His kindness and mercy t owards His creat ion and servant s. There is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah, t he Most Forgiving, t he Most Merciful.

ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヴあレョあ ユ⊥ムレｚ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅｚョみ͡プ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥トら͡ ∇ワや ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヵ ∠ や∠ギワ⊥ ノ∠ ら͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ べ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや (38. We said: "Get down all of you from t his place (t he Paradise), t hen whenever t here comes t o you Hudan (guidance) from Me, and whoever follows My guidance, t here shall be no fear on t hem, nor shall t hey grieve.) (39. But t hose who disbelieve and belie Our Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelat ions, et c.) such are t he dwellers of t he Fire. They shall abide t herein forever.'') Allah st at ed t hat when He sent Adam, Hawwa', and Shayt an t o eart h from Paradise, He warned t hem t hat He will reveal Books and send Prophet s and Messengers t o t hem, i.e., t o t heir offspring. Abu Al-` Aliyah said, "Al-Huda, refers t o t he Prophet s, Messengers, t he clear signs and plain explanat ion.''

びヵ ∠ や∠ギワ⊥ ノ∠ ら͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (And whoever follows My guidance) meaning, whoever accept s what is cont ained in My Books and what I send t he Messengers wit h,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (There shall be no fear on t hem) regarding t he Hereaft er,

びラ ∠ ヲル⊥ ゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor shall t hey grieve) regarding t he life of t his world. Similarly, in Surat Ta Ha, Allah said,

ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ト͡ら∇ワや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ モ ぁツ ͡ Α∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ン ∠ や∠ギワ⊥ ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヴあレョあ ユ⊥ムレｚ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅｚョみ͡プ∠ び ヴ∠ボ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ (He (Allah) said: "Get you down (from t he Paradise t o t he eart h), bot h of you, t oget her, some of you are an enemy t o some ot hers. Then if t here comes t o you guidance from Me, t hen whoever follows My guidance, he shall neit her go ast ray, nor shall he be dist ressed.) (20:123) Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "He will not be misguided in t his life or miserable in t he Hereaft er.'' The Ayah,

ゅ⇔ムレ∠ッ る⇔ ゼ ∠ Β͡バョ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ン͡ゲ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ チ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ヴ∠ヨ∇ハ∠ぺ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒Β͡ボ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ (But whosoever t urns away from My Reminder (i.e. neit her believes in t his Qur'an nor act s on it s t eachings) verily, for him is a life of hardship, and We shall raise him up blind on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) (20:124) is similar t o what Allah st at ed here,

ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ べ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや (But t hose who disbelieve and belie Our Ayat such are t he dwellers of t he Fire. They shall abide t herein forever), meaning, t hey will remain in Hell for et ernit y and will not find a way out of it .

ろ ⊥ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ヶ ∠ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レら∠ ⇒∠Αぴ ヴ ∠ ⇒ｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ン͡ギ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥プ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホギあ ダ ∠ ョ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇ケゅ∠プ

ゅ⇔レヨ∠ を∠ ヶ͡わ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゲ∃ プ͡ ゅ∠ミ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ びラ ͡ ヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ ヴ ∠ ⇒ｚΑま͡ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ (40. O Children of Israel! Remember My favor which I best owed upon you, and fulfill (your obligat ions t o) My covenant (wit h you) so t hat I fulfill (My obligat ions t o) your covenant (wit h Me), and fear none but Me.) (41. And believe in what I have sent down (t his Qur'an), confirming t hat which is wit h you (t he Tawrah and t he Inj il), and be not t he first t o disbelieve t herein, and buy not wit h My verses (t he Tawrah and t he Inj il) a small price (i.e. get t ing a small gain by selling My verses), and fear Me and Me alone.)

Encouraging the Children of Israel to embrace Islam Allah commanded t he Children of Israel t o embrace Islam and t o follow Muhammad . He also reminded t hem wit h t he example of t heir fat her Israel, Allah's Prophet Ya` qub, as if saying, "O children of t he pious, right eous servant of Allah who obeyed Allah! Be like your fat her, following t he t rut h.'' This st at ement is similar t o one's saying, "O you son of t hat generous man! Do t his or t hat '' or, "O son of t he brave man, engage t he st rong fight ers,'' or "O son of t he scholar, seek t he knowledge,'' and so fort h. Similarly, Allah said,

び や⇔ケヲ⊥ムセ ∠ や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∠るΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ ぴ (O offspring of t hose whom We carried (in t he ship) wit h Nuh (Noah)! Verily, he was a grat eful servant ) (17:3).

Israel is Prophet Ya` qub (Jacob) Israel is Prophet Ya` qub, for Abu Dawud At -Tayalisi recorded t hat ` Abdullah Ibn ` Abbas said, "A group of Jews came t o t he Prophet and he said t o t hem,

«∨⊥ゆヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ モ ∠ Β͡もや∠ゲ∇シま͡ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇モワ∠ » (Do you know t hat Israel is Jacob) They said, "Yes, by Allah.'' He said,

«ギヰ∠ ∇セや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» (O Allah! Be wit ness.)'' At -Tabari recorded t hat ` Abdullah Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ` Israel' means, ` t he servant of Allah.'

Allah's Blessings for the Children of Israel Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ヶ ∠ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クやぴ (Remember My favor which I best owed upon you). Muj ahid comment ed, "Allah's favor t hat He grant ed t he Jews is t hat He made wat er gush from st ones, sent down manna and quails for t hem, and saved t hem from being enslaved by Pharaoh.'' Abu Al-` Aliyah also said, "Allah's favor ment ioned here is His sending Prophet s and Messengers among t hem, and revealing Books t o t hem.'' I - Ibn Kat hir - say t hat t his Ayah is similar t o what Musa said t o t he Children of Israel,

∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ⇒∠Αぴ や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ れ ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ミヲ⊥ヤョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠Βら͡ ∇ルぺ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや リあョ (O my people! Remember t he favor of Allah t o you: when He made Prophet s among you, made you kings, and gave you what He had not given t o any ot her among t he nat ions (of t heir t ime) (5:20) meaning, during t heir t ime. Also, Muhammad bin Ishaq said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ヶ ∠ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クやぴ (Remember My favor which I best owed upon you,) means, "My support for you and your fat hers,'' t hat is saving t hem from Pharaoh and his people.

Reminding the Children of Israel of Allah's Covenant with Them Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ン͡ギ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥プ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And fulfill (your obligat ions t o) My covenant (wit h you) so t hat I fulfill (My obligat ions t o) your covenant (wit h Me),) means, ` My covenant t hat I t ook from you concerning Prophet Muhammad , when he is sent t o you, so t hat I grant you what I promised you if you believe in him and follow him. I will t hen remove t he chains and rest rict ions t hat were placed around your necks, because of t he errors t hat you commit t ed.' Also, Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "The ` covenant ' is in reference t o Allah's st at ement , i

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヨホ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヴあルま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ⇔らΒ͡ボル∠ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ハ ∠ ∇ヴレ∠ ∇をや ヴ͡ヤシ ⊥ ゲ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ョや∠￢ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ゅ⇔レ∠ジェ ∠ ゅ⇔ッ∇ゲホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ッゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ⊥ ∇ケゴｚ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ヤ∠カ ͡ ∇キΕ∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ラ ｚ ∠ゲヘあ ∠ミΕ ⊥ びゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ (Indeed, Allah t ook t he covenant from t he Children of Israel (Jews), and We appoint ed t welve leaders among t hem. And Allah said: "I am wit h you if you perform As-Salah and give Zakah and believe in My Messengers; honor and assist t hem, and lend a good loan t o Allah, verily, I will expiat e your sins and admit you t o Gardens under which rivers flow (in Paradise)) (5:12).'' Ot her scholars said, "The covenant is what Allah t ook from t hem in t he Tawrah, in t hat , He will send a great Prophet - meaning Muhammad - from among t he offspring of Isma` il, who will be obeyed by all peoples. Therefore, whoever obeys him, t hen Allah will forgive his sins, ent er him int o Paradise and award him t wo rewards.'' We should ment ion here t hat Ar-Razi ment ioned several cases of informat ion brought by t he earlier Prophet s regarding t he coming of Muhammad . Furt her, Abu Al-` Aliyah said t hat ,

びン͡ギ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥プ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And fulfill (your obligat ions t o) My covenant (wit h you)) means, "His covenant wit h His servant s is t o embrace Islam and t o adhere t o it .'' Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "` I fulfill My obligat ions t o you' means, ` I (Allah) will be pleased wit h you and admit you int o Paradise.''' AsSuddi, Ad-Dahhak, Abu Al-` Aliyah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said similarly. Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ͡ ヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇ケゅ∠プ ヴ ∠ ⇒ｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And fear Me and Me alone.) means, "Fear t he t orment t hat I might exert on you, j ust as I did wit h your fat hers, like t he mut at ion, et c.'' This Ayah cont ains encouragement , followed by warning. Allah first called t he Children of Israel, using encouragement , t hen He warned t hem, so t hat t hey might ret urn t o t he Trut h, follow t he Messenger , heed t he Qur'an's prohibit ions and commands and believe in it s cont ent . Surely, Allah guides whom He wills t o t he st raight pat h. Allah said next ,

び∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホギあ ダ ∠ ョ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (And believe in what I have sent down, confirming t hat which is wit h you (t he Tawrah and t he Inj il)) meaning, t he Qur'an t hat Allah sent down t o Muhammad , t he unlet t ered Arab Prophet , as bringer of glad t idings, a warner and a light . The Qur'an cont ains t he Trut h from Allah and affirms what was revealed beforehand in t he Tawrah and t he Inj il (t he Gospel). Abu Al-` Aliyah said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホギあ ダ ∠ ョ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (And believe in what I have sent down (t his Qur'an), confirming t hat which is wit h you (t he Tawrah and t he Inj il)) "means, ` O People of t he Book! Believe in what I sent down t hat conforms t o what you have.' This is because t hey find t he descript ion of Muhammad recorded in t he Tawrah and t he Inj il.'' Similar st at ement s were at t ribut ed t o Muj ahid, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and Qat adah. Allah said,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ゲ∃ プ͡ ゅ∠ミ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and be not t he first t o disbelieve t herein). Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "Do not become t he first t o disbelieve in t he Qur'an (or Muhammad ), while you have more knowledge in it t han ot her people.'' Abu Al-` Aliyah comment ed, "` Do not become t he first t o disbelieve in Muhammad, ' meaning from among t he People of t he Book, ` aft er you hear t hat he was sent as a Prophet .''' Similar st at ement s were at t ribut ed t o AlHasan, As-Suddi and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas. Ibn Jarir st at ed t hat t he Ayah (disbelieve t herein 2:41) refers t o t he Qur'an, ment ioned earlier in t he Ayah,

びろ ⊥ ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ぴ (in what I have sent down (t his Qur'an),) Bot h st at ement s are correct because t hey are int er-relat ed. For inst ance, whoever disbelieves in t he Qur'an will have disbelieved in Muhammad , and whoever disbelieves in Muhammad will have disbelieved in t he Qur'an. Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ゲ∃ プ͡ ゅ∠ミ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ぴ (t he first t o disbelieve t herein) means, do not become t he first among t he Children of Israel t o disbelieve in it , for t here were people from Quraysh and t he Arabs in general who rej ect ed Muhammad before t he People of t he Book disbelieved in him. We should st at e here t hat t he Ayah is t alking about t he Children of Israel in specific, because t he Jews in Al-Madinah were

t he first among t he Children of Israel t o be addressed by t he Qur'an. Hence, t heir disbelief in t he Qur'an means t hat t hey were t he first among t he People of t he Book t o disbelieve in it . Allah's st at ement ,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ゅ⇔レヨ∠ を∠ ヶ͡わ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and buy not wit h My verses a small price,) means, "Do not subst it ut e fait h in My Ayat and belief in My Prophet wit h t he life of t his world and it s lust s which are minut e and bound t o end. '' Allah said,

びラ ͡ ヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ ヴ ∠ ⇒ｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and have Taqwa of Me and Me alone). Ibn Abi Hat im report ed t hat Talq bin Habib said, "Taqwa is t o work in Allah's obedience, on a light from Allah, hoping in Allah's mercy, and t o avoid Allah's disobedience, on a light from Allah, fearing Allah's punishment .'' Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ͡ ヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ ヴ ∠ ⇒ｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and fear Me and Me alone) means, t hat Allah warns t he People of t he Book against int ent ionally hiding t he t rut h and spreading t he opposit e of it , as well as, against defying t he Messenger .

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ジら͡ ∇ヤゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎへ∠ヱ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ びリ ∠ Β͡バミ͡ やｚゲャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バミ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱ (42. And mix not t rut h wit h falsehood, nor conceal t he t rut h while you know (t he t rut h).) (43. And perform As-Salah, and give Zakah, and bow down along wit h Ar-Raki` in.)

The Prohibition of hiding the Truth and distorting It with Falsehood Allah forbade t he Jews from int ent ionally dist ort ing t he t rut h wit h falsehood and from hiding t he t rut h and spreading falsehood,

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ジら͡ ∇ヤゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ (And mix not t rut h wit h falsehood, nor conceal t he t rut h while you know (t he t rut h)). So Allah forbade t hem from t wo t hings; He ordered t hem t o make t he t rut h known, as well as explaining it . Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas ment ioned t he Ayah,

びモ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ジら͡ ∇ヤゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And mix not t rut h wit h falsehood) and said; "Do not mix t he t rut h wit h falsehood and t he fact s wit h lies.'' Qat adah said t hat ,

びモ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ジら͡ ∇ヤゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And mix not t rut h wit h falsehood) means, "Do not mix Judaism and Christ ianit y wit h Islam,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (while you know (t he t rut h).) t hat t he religion of Allah is Islam, and t hat Judaism and Christ ianit y are innovat ions t hat did not come from Allah.'' It was report ed t hat Al-Hasan AlBasri said similarly. Also, Muhammad bin Ishaq narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor conceal t he t rut h while you know (t he t rut h).) means, "Do not hide t he knowledge t hat you have of My Messenger and what he was sent wit h. His descript ion, which you know about , can be found writ t en in t he Books t hat you have.'' It is possible t hat it means, "..alt hough you know t he t remendous harm t hat t his evil will cause people, misguiding t hem and leading t hem t o t he Fire, because t hey will follow t he falsehood t hat you mixed wit h t he t rut h in your claims.''

ノ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バミ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎへ∠ヱ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡バミ͡ やｚゲャや

(And perform As-Salat and give Zakah, and bow down along wit h Ar-Raki` in.) Muqat il said, "Allah's st at ement t o t he People of t he Book,

びり∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And perform As-Salah) commands t hem t o perform t he prayer behind t he Prophet ,

びり∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ ゎ∠ へ∠ヱぴ (and give Zakah) commands t hem t o pay t he Zakah t o t he Prophet , and

びリ ∠ Β͡バミ͡ やｚゲャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バミ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱぴ (and bow down along wit h Ar-Raki` in) commands t hem t o bow down wit h t hose who bow down among t he Ummah of Muhammad . Allah t herefore commands t he People of t he Book t o be wit h, and among t he Ummah of Muhammad .'' In addit ion, Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡バミ͡ やｚゲャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バミ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱぴ (And bow down along wit h Ar-Raki` in) means, "And be among t he believers performing t he best deeds t hey perform, such as, and foremost , t he prayer.'' Many scholars said t hat t his Ayah (2:43) is proof for t he obligat ion of performing t he prayer in congregat ion (for men only). I will explain t his ruling in det ail in Kit ab Al-Ahkam Al-Kabir, Allah willing.

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ レ∠ゎヱ∠ ゲあ ら͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わゎ∠ (44. Enj oin you Al-Birr (piet y and right eousness and every act of obedience t o Allah) on t he people and you forget (t o pract ise it ) yourselves, while you recit e t he Script ure (Tawrah))! Have you t hen no sense)

The Condemnation of commanding Others to observe Righteousness while ignoring Righteousness Allah said, "How is it , O People of t he Book, t hat you command people t o perform Al-Birr, which encompasses all t ypes of right eousness, yet forget yourselves and do not heed what you call ot hers t o And you read Allah's Book (t he Tawrah) and know what it promises t o t hose who do not fulfill Allah's commandment s.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Have you t hen no sense) of what you are doing t o yourselves, so t hat you might become aware of your slumber and rest ore your sight from blindness'' ` Abdur-Razzaq said t hat Ma` mar st at ed t hat Qat adah comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ レ∠ゎヱ∠ ゲあ ら͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Enj oin you Al-Birr (piet y and right eousness and every act of obedience t o Allah) on t he people and you forget (t o pract ise it ) yourselves,) "The Children of Israel used t o command people t o obey Allah, fear Him and perform Al-Birr. Yet , t hey cont radict ed t hese orders, so Allah reminded t hem of t his fact .'' As-Suddi said similarly. Ibn Jurayj said t hat t he Ayah:

びゲあ ら͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Enj oin you Al-Birr on t he people) "Is about t he People of t he Book and t he hypocrit es. used t o command people t o pray and fast . However, t hey did not pract ice what commanded ot hers. Allah reminded t hem of t his behavior. So whoever commands people right eousness, let him be among t he first of t hem t o implement t hat command.'' Muhammad bin Ishaq narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

They t hey t o do Also,

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ レ∠ゎヱ∠ ぴ (And you forget yourselves,) means, "You forget t o pract ice it yourselves,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (While you recit e t he Script ure (Tawrah)! Have you t hen no sense) You forbid t he people from rej ect ing t he prophet hood and t he covenant t hat you have ment ioned wit h you in t he Tawrah, while you yourselves have forgot en it , meaning t hat ` you have forgot t en t he covenant t hat I made wit h you t hat you will accept My Messenger. You have breeched My covenant , and rej ect ed what you know is in My Book.' '' Therefore, Allah admonished t he Jews for t his behavior and alert ed t hem t o t he wrongs t hat t hey were perpet rat ing against t hemselves by ordering right eousness, yet refraining t hemselves from right eousness. We should st at e t hat Allah is not crit icizing t he People of t he Book for ordering right eousness, because enj oining good is a part of right eousness and is an obligat ion for t he scholars. However, t he scholar is himself required t o heed, and adhere t o, what he invit es ot hers t o. For inst ance, Prophet Shu` ayb said,

∇ラま͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヘ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠カぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ͡ボΒ͡プ∇ヲゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ョ ウ ∠ ⇒∠ヤ∇タΗ ͡やΙ ｚ ま͡ ギ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ びょ ⊥ Β͡ルぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ (I wish not , in cont radict ion t o you, t o do t hat which I forbid you. I only desire reform t o t he best of my power. And my guidance cannot come except from Allah, in Him I t rust and unt o Him I repent ) (11:88). Therefore, enj oining right eousness and performing right eousness are bot h required. Neit her cat egory is rendered not necessary by t he pract ice of t he ot her, according t o t he most correct view of t he scholars among t he Salaf (predecessors) and t he Khalaf. Imam Ahmad report ed t hat Abu Wa'il said, "While I was riding behind Usamah, he was asked, ` Why not advise ` Ut hman' He said, ` Do you t hink t hat if I advise him I should allow you t o hear it I advise him in secret , and I will not st art somet hing t hat I would hat e t o be t he first t o st art . I will not say t o a man, ` You are t he best man,' even if he was my leader, aft er what I heard from t he Messenger of Allah .' They said, ` What did he say' He said, ` I heard him say,

ケゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ヴ∠ボ∇ヤΒ⊥ プ∠ る͡ ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ モ ͡ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャゅ͡よ ￢⊥ ゅ∠イΑ⊥ » ケ⊥ ヱ⊥ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ケゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ケ⊥ ヱ⊥ギΒ∠ プ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ ゅ∠わ∇ホぺ∠ ヮ͡よ ペ ⊥ ャ͡ギ∠ ∇レわ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠Α :ラヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ケゅｚレャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ブ ⊥ Β͡トΒ⊥ プ ロ⊥ ゅ∠ェゲ∠ よ͡ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヨエ ͡ ∇ャや フヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∨∠マよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ゅョ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョへ ろ ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨͡ゲム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ゅ∠ルゅ∠ヰ∇レゎ∠ ヱ∠ «ヮΒ͡ゎへ∠ヱ ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎへ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (A man will be brought on t he Day of Resurrect ion and t hrown in t he Fire. His int est ines will fall out and he will cont inue circling pulling t hem behind him, j ust as t he donkey goes around t he pole. The people of t he Fire will go t o t hat man and ask him, ` What happened t o you Did you not used t o command us t o do right eous act s and forbid us from commit t ing evil' He will say, ` Yes. I used t o enj oin right eousness, but refrained from performing right eousness, and I used t o forbid you t o perform from evil while I myself did it .').''' This Hadit h was also recorded by Al-Bukhari and Muslim. eAlso, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i said, "I hesit at e in advising people because of t hree Ayat :

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ レ∠ゎヱ∠ ゲあ ら͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Enj oin you Al-Birr on t he people and you forget (t o pract ise it ) yourselves).

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ⇔わ∇ボョ∠ ゲ∠ ら⊥ ミ∠ (O you who believe! Why do you say t hat which you do not do Most hat eful it is t o Allah t hat you say t hat which you do not do) (61:2-3).'' And Allah informed us t hat t he Prophet Shu` ayb said,

∇ラま͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヘ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠カぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ͡ボΒ͡プ∇ヲゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ョ ウ ∠ ⇒∠ヤ∇タΗ ͡やΙ ｚ ま͡ ギ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ びょ ⊥ Β͡ルぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ (I wish not , in cont radict ion t o you, t o do t hat which I forbid you. I only desire reform t o t he best of my power. And my guidance cannot come except from Allah, in Him I t rust and unt o Him I repent ) (11:88).

Ι ｚ ま͡ ∀りゲ∠ Β͡らム∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ∇らダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レΒ͡バわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ やヲ⊥ボ⇒∠ヤョぁ ユ⊥ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁレヌ ⊥ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - リ ∠ Β͡バゼ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ (45. And seek help in pat ience and As-Salat (t he prayer) and t ruly, it is ext remely heavy and hard except for Al-Khashi` in.) (46 (They are t hose) who are cert ain t hat t hey are going t o meet t heir Lord, and t hat unt o Him t hey are going t o ret urn.)

The Support that comes with Patience and Prayer Allah commanded His servant s t o use pat ience and prayer t o acquire t he good of t his life and t he Hereaft er. Muqat il bin Hayan said t hat t his Ayah means, "Ut ilize pat ience and t he obligat ory prayer in seeking t he Hereaft er. As for pat ience (here), t hey say t hat it means

fast ing.'' There are similar t ext s report ed from Muj ahid. Al-Qurt ubi and ot her scholars comment ed, "This is why Ramadan is called t he mont h of pat ience,'' as is ment ioned in t he Hadit h lit erat ure. It was also said t hat ` pat ience' in t he Ayah means, refraining from evil, and t his is why ` pat ience' was ment ioned along wit h pract icing act s of worship, especially and foremost , t he prayer. Also, Ibn Abi Hat im narrat ed t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said, "There are t wo t ypes of pat ience: good pat ience when t he disast er st rikes, and a bet t er pat ience while avoiding t he prohibit ions of Allah.'' Ibn Abi Hat im said t hat Al-Hasan Al-Basri was report ed t o have said similarly. Allah t hen said,

びり͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャやヱぴ (And As-Salah (t he prayer).) The prayer is one of t he best means of assist ance for firmly adhering t o Allah's orders, j ust as Allah said;

ラ ｚ ま͡ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ͡ ホ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ∇ゎやぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ミグ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠ゼ∇エヘ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヰ∇レゎ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや びゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ (Recit e (O Muhammad ) what has been revealed t o you of t he Book (t he Qur'an), and perform As-Salah. Verily, As-Salah (t he prayer) prevent s from Al-Fahsha' (i.e. great sins of every kind), and Al-Munkar and t he remembrance of (praising) of (you by) Allah is great er indeed) (29:45). The personal pronoun in t he Ayah,

び∀りゲ∠ Β͡らム∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t ruly, it is ext remely heavy and hard) refers t o prayer, as Muj ahid is report ed t o have said, and it was also t he choice of Ibn Jarir. It is possible t hat t he pronoun might be referring t o t he advice - t o observe pat ience and t he prayer - ment ioned in t he same Ayah. Similarly, Allah said about Qarun (Korah),

∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ⊥ や∠ヲを∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠∇Αヱ∠ ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Αグ͡ ャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ワゅｚボヤ∠Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リヨ∠ ャあ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや (But t hose who had been given (religious) knowledge said: "Woe t o you! The reward of Allah (in t he Hereaft er) is bet t er for t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, and t his, none shall at t ain except As-Sabirun (t he pat ient ).'') (28:80). Also, Allah said,

ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ ∇ノプ∠ ∇キや る⊥ ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ ｘ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∀り∠ヱや∠ギ∠ハ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠クみ͡プ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ べ∠ワゅｚボヤ∠Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ワゅｚボヤ∠Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヨェ ∠ び ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ナ あェ ∠ ヱ⊥ク Ι ｚ ま͡ (The good deed and t he evil deed cannot be equal. Repel (t he evil) wit h one which is bet t er t hen verily he, bet ween whom and you t here was enmit y, (will become) as t hough he was a close friend. But none is grant ed it (t he above qualit y) except t hose who are pat ient and none is grant ed it except t he owner of t he great port ion (of happiness in t he Hereaft er and) in t his world.) (41:34-35) meaning, t his advice is only implement ed by t hose who are pat ient and t he fort unat e. In any case, Allah's st at ement here means, prayer is ` heavy and burdensome',

びリ ∠ Β͡バゼ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except for Al-Khashi` in.) Ibn Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t his Ayah, "They (Al-Khashi` in) are t hose who believe in what Allah has revealed.'' Allah's st at ement ,

ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ やヲ⊥ボ⇒∠ヤョぁ ユ⊥ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁレヌ ⊥ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ケ∠

(They are t hose who are cert ain t hat t hey are going t o meet t heir Lord, and t hat unt o Him t hey are going t o ret urn.) cont inues t he subj ect t hat was st art ed in t he previous Ayah. Therefore, t he prayer, or t he advice t o observe it is heavy,

やヲ⊥ボ⇒∠ヤョぁ ユ⊥ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁレヌ ⊥ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠レΒ͡バゼ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ (except for Al-Khashi` in. (They are t hose) who are cert ain (Yazunnuna) t hat t hey are going t o meet t heir Lord,) meaning, t hey know t hat t hey will be gat hered and face t heir Lord on t he Day of Resurrect ion,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat unt o Him t hey are going t o ret urn.) meaning, t heir affairs are all subj ect t o His will and He j ust ly decides what He wills. Since t hey are cert ain t hat t hey will be ret urned t o Allah and be reckoned, it is easy for t hem t o perform t he act s of obedience and refrain from t he prohibit ions. Ibn Jarir comment ed on Allah's st at ement ;

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ やヲ⊥ボ⇒∠ヤョぁ ユ⊥ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁレヌ ⊥ Α∠ ぴ (Yazunnuna t hat t hey are going t o meet t heir Lord) Ibn Jarir said; "The Arabs call cert aint y as well as doubt , Zann. There are similar inst ances in t he Arabic language where a subj ect as well as it s opposit e share t he same name. For inst ance, Allah said,

びゅ∠ワヲ⊥バホ͡ や∠ヲョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲぁレヌ ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ぺケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he Muj rimun (criminals, polyt heist s, sinners), shall see t he Fire and Zannu (apprehend) t hat t hey have t o fall t herein)''(18:53). It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat on t he Day of Resurrect ion, Allah will say t o a servant , "Have I not allowed you t o marry, honored you, made t he horses and camels subservient t o you and allowed you t o become a chief and a mast er'' He will say, "Yes.'' Allah will say, "Did you have Zann (t hink) t hat you will meet Me'' He will say, "No.'' Allah will say, "This Day, I will forget you, j ust as you forgot Me.'' If Allah wills, we will furt her elaborat e on t his subj ect when we explain Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ジ ͡ レ∠ プ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ ぴ (They have forgot t en Allah, so He has forgot t en t hem) (9:67).

ろ ⊥ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ヴ͡わヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レら∠ ⇒∠Αぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヤｚツプ∠ ヴあル∠ぺ∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (47. O Children of Israel! Remember My favor which I best owed upon you and t hat I preferred you over t he ` Alamin (nat ions))

Reminding the Children of Israel that They were preferred above the Other Nations Allah reminds t he Children of Israel of t he favors t hat He grant ed t heir fat hers and grandfat hers, how He showed preference t o t hem by sending t hem Messengers from among t hem and revealing Books t o t hem, more so t han any of t he ot her previous nat ions. Similarly, Allah said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲわ∠ ∇カや ギ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And We chose t hem (t he Children of Israel) over t he ` Alamin, (nat ions) wit h knowledge.) (44:32) and,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ⇒∠Α ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ⇔ミヲ⊥ヤョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠Βら͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや リあョ や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ れ ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ (And (remember) when Musa (Moses) said t o his people: "O my people! Remember t he favor of Allah t o you: when He made Prophet s among you, made you kings, honored you above t he ` Alamin (nat ions).'') (5:20). Abu Ja` far Ar-Razi report ed t hat Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said t hat Abu Al-` Aliyah said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヤｚツプ∠ ヴあル∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (and t hat I preferred you over t he ` Alamin) means, "The kingship, Messengers and Books t hat were grant ed t o t hem, inst ead of grant ing such t o t he ot her kingdoms t hat exist ed during t heir t ime, for every period t here is a nat ion.'' It was also report ed t hat Muj ahid, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Qat adah and Isma` il bin Abi Khalid said similarly.

The Ummah of Muhammad is Better than the Children of Israel This is t he only way t he Ayah can be underst ood, because t his Ummah is bet t er t han t heirs, as Allah said;

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ∇ろィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レゎ∠ ヱ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ び∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∠ラゅ∠ム∠ャ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ (You are t he best of people ever raised up for mankind; you enj oin good and forbid evil, and you believe in Allah. And had t he People of t he Book (Jews and Christ ians) believed, it would have been bet t er for t hem) (3:110). Also, t he Musnad and Sunan Collect ions of Hadit h recorded t hat Mu` awiyah bin Haydah AlQushayri said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ヰョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁプヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠» «ぶや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (You (Muslims) are t he sevent iet h nat ion, but you are t he best and most honored of t hem according t o Allah.) There are many Hadit hs on t his subj ect , and t hey will be ment ioned when we discuss Allah's st at ement ,

びサ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ∇ろィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミぴ (You are t he best of peoples ever raised up for mankind) (3:110).

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘルｚ リ∠ハ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ン͡ゴ∇イゎ∠ Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀メ∇ギ∠ハ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ グ⊥ カ ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀る∠バ⇒∠ヘ∠セ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ モ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α (48. And fear a Day (of Judgement ) when a person shall not avail anot her, nor will int ercession be accept ed from him, nor will compensat ion be t aken from him, nor will t hey be helped.)

Aft er Allah reminded t he Children of Israel of t he favors t hat He has grant ed t hem, He warned t hem about t he durat ion of t he t orment which He will punish t hem wit h on t he Day of Resurrect ion. He said,

びゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And fear a Day) meaning, t he Day of Resurrect ion,

びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘルｚ リ∠ハ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ン͡ゴ∇イゎ∠ Ι ｚぴ (When a person shall not avail anot her) meaning, on t hat Day, no person shall be of any help t o anot her. Similarly, Allah said,

びン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ケ∠ ∇コヱ͡ り∀ ケ∠ コ͡ や∠ヱ ケ⊥ ゴ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And no bearer of burdens shall bear anot her's burden) (35:18)

び ヮ͡ Β͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ ∀ラ∇ほ∠セ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや あモム⊥ ャ͡ぴ (Every man t hat Day will have enough t o make him careless of ot hers.) (80:37) and,

ン͡ゴ∇イΑ∠ Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇や∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇カや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ロ͡ ギ͡ ャ͡や∠ヱ リ∠ハ コ∃ ゅ∠ィ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∀キヲ⊥ャ∇ヲョ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ リ∠ハ ∀ギャ͡や∠ヱ びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ (O mankind! Have Taqwa of your Lord (by keeping your dut y t o Him and avoiding all evil), and fear a Day when no fat her can avail aught for his son, nor a son avail aught for his fat her) (31: 33). This indeed should serve as a great warning t hat bot h t he fat her and t he son will not be of help t o each ot her on t hat Day.

Neither Intercession, Ransom, or Assistance will be accepted on behalf of the Disbelievers Allah said,

び∀る∠バ⇒∠ヘ∠セ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ モ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor will int ercession be accept ed from him) meaning, from t he disbelievers. Similarly, Allah said,

びリ ∠ Β͡バヘ͡ ⇒ｚゼャや る⊥ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘセ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (So no int ercession of int ercessors will be of any use t o t hem) (74:48) and described t he people of t he Fire saying,

び ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ペ ∃ Α͡ギタ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡バヘ͡ ⇒∠セ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (Now we have no int ercessors. Nor a close friend (t o help us)) (26:100-101). Allah's st at ement here (2:48)

び∀メ∇ギ∠ハ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ グ⊥ カ ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor will compensat ion be t aken from him) means, t hat Allah does not accept t he disbelievers t o ransom t hemselves. Similarly, Allah said,

∇リョ͡ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∀ケゅｚヘミ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びヮ͡ よ͡ ン∠ギわ∠ ∇プや ヲ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔らワ∠ ク∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ￢⊥ ∇モあョ ユ͡ワギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ (Verily, t hose who disbelieved, and died while t hey were disbelievers, t he (whole) eart h full of gold will not be accept ed from anyone of t hem even if t hey offered it as a ransom) (3:91)

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヘΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ あらボ⊥ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや (Verily, t hose who disbelieve, if t hey had all t hat is in t he eart h, and as much again t herewit h t o ransom t hemselves from t he t orment on t he Day of Resurrect ion, it would never be accept ed of t hem, and t heirs would be a painful t orment ) (5:36)

びべ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇グカ ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ メ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ∇メギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And even if he offers every ransom, it will not be accept ed from him) (6:70) and,

∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る∀ Α∠ ∇ギプ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ グ⊥ カ ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プぴ び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ (So t his Day no ransom shall be t aken from you (hypocrit es), nor of t hose who disbelieved. Your abode is t he Fire. That is your Mawla (friend proper place)) (57:15). Allah st at ed t hat if t he people do not believe in His Messenger and follow what He sent him wit h, t hen when t hey meet Him on t he Day of Resurrect ion, aft er remaining on t he pat h of disbelief, t heir family lineage and/ or t he int ercession of t heir mast ers will not help t hem at all. It will not be accept ed of t hem, even if t hey paid t he eart h's fill of gold as ransom. Similarly, Allah said,

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀るヤｚカ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∀ノ∇Β∠よ Ι ｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リあョぴ び∀る∠バ⇒∠ヘ∠セ (Before a Day comes when t here will be no bargaining, nor friendship, nor int ercession) (2:254) and,

び∀モ⇒∠ヤ͡カ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∀ノ∇Β∠よ Ι ｚぴ (On which t here will be neit her mut ual bargaining nor befriending) (19:31). Allah's st at ement next ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor will t hey be helped.) means, "no person shall get angry - or anxious - on t heir behalf and offer t hem any help, or t ry t o save t hem from Allah's punishment .'' As st at ed earlier on t hat Day, neit her t he relat ive, nor persons of aut horit y will feel pit y for t he disbelievers, nor will any ransom be accept ed for t hem. Consequent ly, t hey will receive no help from ot hers and t hey will be helpless t hemsleves. Allah said,

びヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ケ⊥ ゅ∠イΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ Β͡ ∇イΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ

(While He (Allah) grant s refuge (or prot ect ion), but none grant s refuge from Him) (23:88)

ヮ⊥ ホ∠ ゅ∠をヱ∠ ペ ⊥ を͡ ヲ⊥Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ よ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ゆ ⊥ あグバ∠ Α⊥ Ι ｚ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ プ∠ ぴ び ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ (So on t hat Day none will punish as He will punish. And none will bind (t he wicked, disbelievers and polyt heist s) as He will bind) (89:25-26)

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ ⇒∠レゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ び ("What is t he mat t er wit h you Why do you not help one anot her (as you used t o do in t he world)'' Nay, but t hat Day t hey shall surrender) (37:25-26) and,

ゅ⇔ルゅ∠よ∇ゲホ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ル∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ ∇モよ∠ る∠ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ (Then why did t hose whom t hey had t aken for alihah (gods) besides Allah, as a way of approach (t o Allah) not help t hem Nay, but t hey vanished complet ely from t hem) (46:28). Also, Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ ⇒∠レゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ ("What is t he mat t er wit h you Why do you not help one anot her'') (37:25) means, "This Day, you shall not have a refuge from Us. Not t his Day.'' Ibn Jarir said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor will t hey be helped.) meaning, on t hat Day, t hey shall neit her be helped by any helper, nor shall anyone int ercede on t heir behalf. No repeal or ransom will be accept ed for t hem, all court esy t owards t hem will have ceased, along wit h any helpful int ercession. No t ype of help or cooperat ion will be available for t hem on t hat Day. The j udgment will, on t hat Day, be up t o t he Most Great , t he Most Just , against whom no int ercessor or helper can ever assist . He will t hen award t he evil deed it s kind and will mult iply t he good deeds. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

-ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ ⇒∠レゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ゃ∇ジョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘホ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ (But st op t hem, verily, t hey are t o be quest ioned. "What is t he mat t er wit h you Why do you not help one anot her'' Nay, but t hat Day t hey shall surrender) (37:24-26).

￢∠ ヲ⊥シ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ジΑ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ͡ や∠￢ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ム⇒∠レ∇Βイ ｚ ル∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ジル͡ ∠ラヲ⊥Β∇エ∠わ∇ジ∠Α∠ヱ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥エよあ ∠グΑ⊥ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ホゲ∠ プ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ ￢∀ Κ ∠ よ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ∠レ∇ホゲ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ (49. And (remember) when We delivered you from Fir` awn's (Pharaoh) people, who were afflict ing you wit h a horrible t orment , killing your sons and sparing your women, and t herein was a might y t rial from your Lord.) (50. And (remember) when We separat ed t he sea for you and saved you and drowned Fir` awn's (Pharaoh) people while you were wat ching.)

The Children of Israel were saved from Pharaoh and His Army Who drowned Allah said t o t he Children of Israel, "Remember My favor on you

￢∠ ヲ⊥シ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ジΑ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ͡ や∠￢ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ム⇒∠レ∇Βイ ｚ ル∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや (And (remember) when We delivered you from Fir` awn's (Pharaoh) people, who were afflict ing you wit h a horrible t orment ,) meaning, ` I - Allah - saved you from t hem and delivered you from t heir hands in t he company of Musa, aft er t hey subj ect ed you t o horrible t ort ure.' This favor came aft er t he cursed Pharaoh had a dream in which he saw a fire emerge from Bayt Al-Maqdis (Jerusalem), and t hen t he fire ent ered t he houses of t he Copt ics in Egypt , wit h t he except ion of t he Children of Israel. It s purport was t hat his kingship would be t oppled by a man among t he Children of Israel. It was also said t hat some of Pharaoh's ent ourage said t hat t he Children of Israel were expect ing a man among t hem t o arise who would est ablish a st at e for t hem. We will ment ion t he Hadit h on t his subj ect when we explain Surat Ta Ha (20), Allah willing. Aft er t he dream, Pharaoh ordered t hat every newborn male among t he Children of Israel be killed

and t hat t he girls be left alone. He also commanded t hat t he Children of Israel be given t asks of hard labor and assigned t he most humiliat ing j obs. The t orment here refers t o killing t he male infant s. In Surat Ibrahim (14) t his meaning is clearly ment ioned,

∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エよあ グ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ͡ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや ￢∠ ヲ⊥シ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ジΑ∠ ぴ び∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ジル͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥Β∇エわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ (Who were afflict ing you wit h horrible t orment , and were slaught ering your sons and let t ing your women live.) (14:6). We will explain t his Ayah in t he beginning of Surat Al-Qasas (28), Allah willing, and our reliance and t rust are wit h Him. The meaning of,

び∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ジΑ∠ ぴ (who were afflict ing you) is, "They humiliat ed you,'' as Abu ` Ubaydah st at ed. It was also said t hat it means, "They used t o exaggerat e in t orment ing you'' according t o Al-Qurt ubi. As for Allah saying,

び∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ジル͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥Β∇エわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥エよあ ∠グΑ⊥ ぴ (killing your sons and sparing your women) t hat explains His st at ement ,

びゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ ヲ⊥シ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ジΑ∠ ぴ (who were afflict ing you wit h horrible t orment ) t hen it explains t he meaning of t he favor He gave t hem, as ment ioned in His st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ヶ ∠ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クやぴ (Remember My favor which I best owed upon you). As for what Allah said in Surat Ibrahim,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ュ͡ ゅｚΑほ∠よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ゲミあ ク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And remind t hem of t he annals of Allah) (14:5) meaning, t he favors and blessing He grant ed t hem, He t hen said,

∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エよあ グ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ͡ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや ￢∠ ヲ⊥シ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ジΑ∠ ぴ び∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ジル͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥Β∇エわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ (Who were afflict ing you wit h horrible t orment , and were slaught ering your sons and let t ing your women live.) (14:6) So Allah ment ioned saving t heir children from being slaught ered in order t o remind t hem of t he many favors t hat He grant ed t hem. We should st at e here t hat ` Pharaoh' (Fir` awn) is a t it le t hat was given t o every disbelieving king who ruled Egypt , whet her from t he ` Amaliq (Canaanit es) or ot herwise, j ust as Caesar (Qaysar) is t he t it le of t he disbelieving kings who ruled Rome and Damascus. Also, Khosrau (Kisra) is t he t it le of t he kings who ruled Persia, while Tubb` a is t he t it le of t he kings of Yemen, and t he kings of Abyssinia (Et hiopia) were called Negus (An-Naj ashi). Allah said,

び∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ ￢∀ Κ ∠ よ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ (And t herein was a might y t rial from your Lord.) Ibn Jarir comment ed t hat t his part of t he Ayah means, "Our saving your fat hers from t he t orment t hat t hey suffered by t he hand of Pharaoh, is a great blessing from your Lord.'' We should ment ion t hat in t he blessing t here a is t est , t he same as wit h hardship, for Allah said,

びる⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ゼ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ミヲ⊥ヤ∇らル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We shall make a t rial of you wit h evil and wit h good) (21:35) and,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ヲヤ∠よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We t ried t hem wit h good (blessings) and evil (calamit ies) in order t hat t hey might t urn (t o obey Allah.)) (7:168). Allah's st at ement next ,

メ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ∠レ∇ホゲ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠イル∠ほ∠プ ゲ∠ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ホゲ∠ プ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ (And (remember) when We separat ed t he sea for you and saved you and drowned Fir` awn's (Pharaoh) people while you were wat ching) means, ` Aft er We saved you from Fir` awn and you escaped wit h Musa; Fir` awn went out in your pursuit and We part ed t he sea for you.' Allah ment ioned t his st ory in det ail, as we will come t o know, Allah willing. One of t he short est references t o t his st ory is Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠イル∠ほ∠プぴ (And saved you) meaning, "We saved you from t hem, drowning t hem while you wat ched, bringing relief t o your heart s and humiliat ion t o your enemy.''

Fasting the Day of ` Ashura It was report ed t hat t he day t he Children of Israel were saved from Fir` awn was called t he day of ` Ashura'. Imam Ahmad report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah came t o AlMadinah and found t hat t he Jews were fast ing t he day of ` Ashura'. He asked t hem, "What is t his day t hat you fast '' They said, "This is a good day during which Allah saved t he Children of Israel from t heir enemy, and Musa used t o fast t his day.'' The Messenger of Allah said,

«ユ⊥ム∇レョ͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨよ͡ ペ ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ» (I have more right t o Musa t han you have.) So t he Messenger of Allah fast ed t hat day and ordered t hat it be fast ed. This Hadit h was collect ed by Al-Bukhari, Muslim, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah.

モ ∠ ∇イバ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇グガ ∠ ｚゎや ｚユを⊥ る⇔ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠ル∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ユ͡ ム⊥ レ∠ハ ゅ∠ル∇ヲヘ∠ ハ ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∠ラゅ∠ホ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ (51. And (remember) when We appoint ed for Musa (Moses) fort y night s, and (in his absence) you t ook t he calf (for worship), and you were Zalimun (polyt heist s and wrongdoers).) (52. Then aft er t hat We forgave you so t hat you might be grat eful.) (53. And (remember) when We gave

Musa t he Script ure (t he Tawrah)) and t he crit erion (of right and wrong) so t hat you may be guided aright .)

The Children of Israel worshipped the Calf Allah t hen said, "Remember My favor on you when I forgave you for worshipping t he calf.'' This happened aft er Musa went t o t he meet ing place wit h his Lord at t he end of t hat period which was fort y days. These fort y days were ment ioned in Surat Al-A` raf, when Allah said,

びゲ∃ ∇ゼバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ワゅ∠レ∇ヨヨ∠ ∇ゎぺ∠ヱ∠ る⇔ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ん⇒∠ヤを∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠ル∇ギ∠ハ∠ヱ∠ヱぴ (And We appoint ed for Musa t hirt y night s and added (t o t he period) t en (more)) (7:142). It was said t hat t hese days were during t he mont h of Dhul-Qa` dah plus t he first t en days in Dhul-Hij j ah, aft er t he Children of Israel were delivered from Fir` awn and t hey safely crossed t he sea. Allah's st at ement ,

びょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And (remember) when We gave Musa t he Script ure) means, t he Tawrah,

び͡ラゅ∠ホ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And t he crit erion) t hat is t hat which different iat es bet ween t rut h and falsehood, guidance and deviat ion.

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (So t hat you may be guided aright ), aft er escaping t he sea, as anot her Ayah in Surat Al-A` raf clearly st at ed,

ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ べ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ゲ∠ も͡ べ∠ダよ∠ ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚ∠バャｚ

(And indeed We gave Musa aft er We had dest royed t he generat ions of old t he Script ure (t he Tawrah) as an enlight enment for mankind, and a guidance and a mercy, t hat t hey might remember (or receive admonit ion)) (28:43).

∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ⇒∠Α ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ヴ∠シヲョ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠よ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥よヲ⊥わプ∠ モ ∠ ∇イバ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ク͡ ゅ∠ガゎあ ゅ͡よ (54. And (remember) when Musa said t o his people: "O my people! Verily, you have wronged yourselves by worshipping t he calf. So t urn in repent ance t o your Creat or and kill yourselves (t he innocent kill t he wrongdoers among you), t hat will be bet t er for you wit h your Creat or.'' Then He accept ed your repent ance. Truly, He is t he One Who accept s repent ance, t he Most Merciful.)

The Children of Israel kill each other in Repentance This was t he repent ance required from t he Children of Israel for worshipping t he calf. Comment ing on Allah's st at ement ;

∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ⇒∠Α ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びモ ∠ ∇イバ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ク͡ ゅ∠ガゎあ ゅ͡よ (And (remember) when Musa said t o his people: "O my people! Verily, you have wronged yourselves by worshipping t he calf...), Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "When t heir heart s t hought of worshipping t he calf,

∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ヴ∠プ テ ∠ ボ͡ シ ⊥ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ͡ゃャ∠ (And when t hey regret t ed and saw t hat t hey had gone ast ray, t hey (repent ed and) said: "If our Lord does not have mercy upon us and forgive us'') (7:149). This is when Musa said t o t hem,

びモ ∠ ∇イバ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ク͡ ゅ∠ガゎあ ゅ͡よ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ⇒∠Αぴ (O my people! Verily, you have wronged yourselves by worshipping t he calf...).'' Abu ` Al` Aliyah, Sa` id bin Jubayr and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas comment ed on,

び∇ユム⊥ も͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠よ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥よヲ⊥わプ∠ ぴ

(So t urn in repent ance t o your Bari') t hat it means, "To your Creat or.'' Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ も͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠よ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (t o your Bari' (Creat or)) alert s t he Children of Israel t o t he enormit y of t heir error and means, "Repent t o He Who creat ed you aft er you associat ed ot hers wit h Him in worship.'' An-Nasa'i, Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hat im recorded Ibn ` Abbas saying, "Allah t old t he Children of Israel t hat t heir repent ance would be t o slay by t he sword every person t hey meet , be he fat her or son. They should not care whom t hey kill. Those were guilt y whom Musa and Harun were not aware of t heir guilt , t hey admit t ed t heir sin and did as t hey were ordered. So Allah forgave bot h t he killer and t he one killed.'' This is part of t he Hadit h about t he t rials t hat we will ment ion in Surat Ta Ha, (20) Allah willing. Ibn Jarir narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Musa said t o his people,

∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠よ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥よヲ⊥わプ∠ ぴ びユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゆ ⊥ やｚヲわｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠わプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠よ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ("So t urn in repent ance t o your Creat or and kill each ot her (t he innocent kill t he wrongdoers among you), t hat will be bet t er for you wit h your Creat or.'' Then He accept ed your repent ance. Truly, He is t he One Who accept s repent ance, t he Most Merciful.) Allah ordered Musa t o command his people t o kill each ot her. He ordered t hose who worshipped t he calf t o sit down and t hose who did not worship t he calf t o st and holding knives in t heir hands. When t hey st art ed killing t hem, a great darkness suddenly overcame t hem. Aft er t he darkness lift ed, t hey had killed sevent y t housand of t hem. Those who were killed among t hem were forgiven, and t hose who remained alive were also forgiven.'' p

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ン∠ゲル∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠Α ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ｚユを⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ る⊥ ボ∠ バ͡ ⇒ｚダャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ム⇒∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ (55. And (remember) when you said: "O Musa! We shall never believe in you unt il we see Allah plainly.'' But you were seized wit h a bolt of light ning while you were looking). (56.Then We raised you up aft er your deat h, so t hat you might be grat eful.)

The Best among the Children of Israel ask to see Allah; their subsequent Death and Resurrection

Allah said, ` Remember My favor on you for resurrect ing you aft er you were seized wit h light ning when you asked t o see Me direct ly, which neit her you nor anyone else can bear or at t ain.' This was said by Ibn Jurayj . Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ン∠ゲル∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠Α ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びり⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠ (And (remember) when you said: "O Musa ! We shall never believe in you unt il we see Allah plainly.'') means, "Publicly'', "So t hat we gaze at Allah.'' Also, ` Urwah bin Ruwaym said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (While you were looking) means, "Some of t hem were st ruck wit h light ning while ot hers were wat ching.'' Allah resurrect ed t hose, and st ruck t he ot hers wit h light ning. As-Suddi comment ed on,

びる⊥ ボ∠ バ͡ ⇒ｚダャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (But you were seized wit h a bolt of light ning) saying; "They died, and Musa st ood up crying and supplicat ing t o Allah, ` O Lord! What should I say t o t he Children of Israel when I go back t o t hem aft er You dest royed t he best of t hem,

モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ∠レム⊥ ヤ͡∇ヰゎ⊥ ぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ⇒ｚΑま͡ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ びべｚレ͡ョ ￢⊥ べ∠ヰヘ∠ ジ ぁ ャや (If it had been Your will, You could have dest royed t hem and me before; would You dest roy us for t he deeds of t he foolish ones among us)' Allah revealed t o Musa t hat t hese sevent y men were among t hose who worshipped t he calf. Aft erwards, Allah brought t hem back t o life one man at a t ime, while t he rest of t hem were wat ching how Allah was bringing t hem back t o life. That is why Allah's said,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ム⇒∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then We raised you up aft er your deat h, so t hat you might be grat eful.)'' Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said, "Deat h was t heir punishment , and t hey were resurrect ed aft er t hey died so t hey could finish out t heir lives.'' Qat adah said similarly.

` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam comment ed on t his Ayah, "Musa ret urned from meet ing wit h his Lord carrying t he Tablet s on which He wrot e t he Tawrah. He found t hat t hey had worshipped t he calf in his absence. Consequent ly, he commanded t hem t o kill t hemselves, and t hey complied, and Allah forgave t hem. He said t o t hem, ` These Tablet s have Allah's Book, cont aining what He commanded you and what He forbade for you.' They said, ` Should we believe t his st at ement because you said it By Allah, we will not believe unt il we see Allah in t he open, unt il He shows us Himself and says: This is My Book, t herefore, adhere t o it . Why does He not t alk t o us as He t alked t o you, O, Musa''' Then he (` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd) recit ed Allah's st at ement ,

びり⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ン∠ゲル∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャぴ (We shall never believe in you unt il we see Allah plainly) and said, "So Allah's wrat h fell upon t hem, a t hunderbolt st ruck t hem, and t hey all died. Then Allah brought t hem back t o life aft er He killed t hem.'' Then he (` Abdur-Rahman) recit ed Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ム⇒∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then We raised you up aft er your deat h, so t hat you might be grat eful), and said, "Musa said t o t hem, ` Take t he Book of Allah.' They said, ` No.' He said, ` What is t he mat t er wit h you' They said, ` The problem is t hat we died and came back t o life.' He said, ` Take t he Book of Allah.' They said, ` No.' So Allah sent some angels who made t he mount ain t opple over t hem.'' This shows t hat t he Children of Israel were required t o fulfill t he commandment s aft er t hey were brought back t o life. However, Al-Mawardy said t hat t here are t wo opinions about t his mat t er. The first opinion is t hat since t he Children of Israel wit nessed t hese miracles, t hey were compelled t o believe, so t hey did not have t o fulfill t he commandment s. The second opinion st at es t hat t hey were required t o adhere t o t he commandment s, so t hat no responsible adult is free of such responsibilit ies. Al-Qurt ubi said t hat t his is what is correct , because, he said, alt hough t he Children of Israel wit nessed t hese t remendous calamit ies and incident s, t hat did not mean t hat t hey were not responsible for fulfilling t he commandment s any more. Rat her t hey are responsible for t hat , and t his is clear. Allah knows best .

リ ｚ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ヨピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヤｚ∠ニ∠ヱぴ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョ ろ ͡ ⇒∠らΒあデ ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ン∠ヲ∇ヤジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ (57. And We shaded you wit h clouds and sent down on you Al-Manna and t he quail, (saying): "Eat of t he good lawful t hings We have provided for you,'' (but t hey rebelled). And t hey did not wrong Us but t hey wronged t hemselves.)

The Shade, the Manna and the Quail

Aft er Allah ment ioned t he calamit ies t hat He saved t he Children of Israel from, He ment ioned t he favors t hat He grant ed t hem, saying,

びュ∠ ゅ∠ヨピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヤｚ∠ニ∠ヱぴ And We shaded you wit h clouds. This A0yah ment ions t he whit e clouds t hat provided shade for t he Children of Israel, prot ect ing t hem from t he sun s heat during t heir years of wandering. In t he H ad0t h about t he t rials, An-Nasa0 i recorded Ibn Abba0s saying, Alla0h shaded t he Children of Israel wit h clouds during t he years of wandering. Ibn Abi H a0t im said, Narrat ions similar t o t hat of Ibn Abba0s were report ed from Ibn Umar, Ar-Rab0 bin Anas, Abu Mij laz, Ad D ah h a0k, and As-Suddi. Al-H asan and Qat a0dah said t hat ,

びュ∠ ゅ∠ヨピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヤｚ∠ニ∠ヱぴ (And We shaded you wit h clouds) "This happened when t hey were in t he desert and t he clouds shielded t hem from t he sun.'' Ibn Jarir said t hat several scholars said t hat t he t ype of cloud t he Ayah ment ioned, "was cooler and bet t er t han t he t ype we know.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ｚ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ And sent down on you Al-Manna, The manna used t o descend t o t hem t o t he t rees, and t hey used t o eat what ever t hey wished of it . Also, Qat a0dah said, The manna, which was whit er t han milk and sweet er t han honey, used t o rain down on t he Children of Israel, j ust as t he snow falls, from dawn unt il sunrise. One of t hem would collect enough for t hat part icular day, for if it remained more t han t hat , it would spoil. On t he sixt h day, Friday, one would collect enough for t he sixt h and t he sevent h day, which was t he Sabbat h during which one would not leave home t o seek his livelihood, or for anyt hing else. All t his occurred in t he wilderness. The t ype of manna t hat we know provides sufficient food when eat en alone, because it is nut rit ious and sweet . When manna is mixed wit h wat er, it becomes a sweet drink. It also changes composit ion when mixed wit h ot her t ypes of food. However, t his is not t he only t ype. The evidence t o t his fact is t hat Al-Bukha0ri narrat ed, t hat Sa 0d bin Zayd said t hat t he Messenger of Alla0h said,

«リ∇Βバ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ∀￢ゅ∠ヘ͡セ ゅ∠ワぼ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ リ あ ヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ り⊥ ほ∠∇ヨム∠ ∇ャや» (Kam'ah (t ruffles) is a t ype of manna, and it s liquid is a remedy for t he eyes.) This Hadit h was also collect ed by Imam Ahmad. The group of Hadit h compilers, wit h t he except ion of Abu Dawud, also collect ed it , and At -Tirmidhi graded it Hasan Sahih. At -Tirmidhi recorded Abu Hurayrah saying t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

り⊥ ほ∠∇ヨム∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユあ ジ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∀￢ゅ∠ヘ͡セ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プヱ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ り⊥ ヲ∠ ∇イバ∠ ∇ャや» «リ∇Βバ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ∀￢ゅ∠ヘ͡セ ゅ∠ワぼ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ リ あ ヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ (The ` Aj wah (pressed, dried dat e) is from Paradise and it cures poison, Al-Kam'ah (t ruffles) is a form of manna, and it s liquid heals t he eye.'') At -Tirmidhi is t he only one of t hem who recorded t his Hadit h. As for t he quail (Salwa) in quest ion, ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The (Salwa) is a bird t hat looks like t he quail.'' This is t he same opinion report ed from Muj ahid, AshSha` bi, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, ` Ikrimah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, may Allah have mercy upon t hem. Also, ` Ikrimah said t hat t he Salwa is a bird in Paradise about t he size of a sparrow. Qat adah said "The Salwa is a bird t hat is similar t o a sparrow. During t hat t ime, an Israelit e could cat ch as many quails as was sufficient for t hat part icular day, ot herwise t he meat would spoil. On t he sixt h day, Friday, he would collect what is enough for t he sixt h and t he sevent h day, t he Sabbat h, during which one was not allowed t o depart his home t o seek anyt hing.'' Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョ ろ ͡ ⇒∠らΒあ デ ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ぴ (Eat of t he good lawful t hings We have provided for you,) (7:160) t his form of command is a simple order of allowance, guiding t o what is good. Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲヨ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey did not wrong Us but t hey wronged t hemselves) means, ` We commanded t hem t o eat from what We gave t hem, and t o perform t he act s of worship (but t hey rebelled).' This Ayah is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ベ ͡ ∇コケあ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ぴ (Eat of t he provision of your Lord, and be grat eful t o Him) (34:15). Yet , t he Children of Israel rebelled, disbelieved and commit t ed inj ust ice against t hemselves, even t hough t hey saw t he clear signs, t remendous miracles and ext raordinary event s.

The Virtue of Muhammad's Companions over the Companions of all Other Prophets Here it is import ant t o point out t he virt ue of Muhammad's Companions over t he companions of t he ot her Prophet s. This includes firmness in t he religion, pat ience and t he lack of arrogance, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem. Alt hough t he Companions accompanied t he Prophet in his

t ravels and bat t les, such as during t he bat t le of Tabuk, in int ense heat and hardship, t hey did not ask for a miracle, t hough t his was easy for t he Prophet by Allah's leave. And when t he Companions became hungry, t hey merely asked t he Prophet - t o invoke Allah - for an increase in t he amount of food. They collect ed what ever food t hey had and brought it t o t he Prophet , and he asked Allah t o bless it , t old each of t hem t o t ake some food, and t hey filled every pot t hey had. Also, when t hey needed rain, t he Prophet asked Allah t o send down rain, and a rain cloud came. They drank, gave wat er t o t heir camels and filled t heir wat er skins. When t hey looked around, t hey found t hat t he cloud had only rained on t heir camp. This is t he best example of t hose who were willing t o accept Allah's decision and follow t he Messenger of Allah .

ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ る∠ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∀るト ｚ ͡ェ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホヱ∠ や⇔ギイ ｚシ ⊥ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ら∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや∠ヱ や⇔ギビ ∠ ケ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ メ ∠ ギｚ ら∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゴレ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠Β⇒∠トカ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピルｚ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ ヵ͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ルゅミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ゴ∇ィケ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ⊥ ∇ヘΑ∠ (58. And (remember) when We said: "Ent er t his t own (Jerusalem) and eat bount ifully t herein wit h pleasure and delight wherever you wish, and ent er t he gat e in prost rat ion (or bowing wit h humilit y) and say: ` Forgive us,' and We shall forgive you your sins and shall increase (reward) for t he good-doers.'') (59. But t hose who did wrong changed t he word from t hat which had been t old t o t hem for anot her, so We sent upon t he wrongdoers Rij z (a punishment ) from t he heaven because of t heir rebellion.)

The Jews were Rebellious instead of Appreciative when They gained Victory Allah admonished t he Jews for avoiding Jihad and not ent ering t he holy land as t hey had been ordered t o do when t hey came from Egypt wit h Musa. They were also commanded t o fight t he disbelieving ` Amaliq (Canaanit es) dwelling in t he holy land at t hat t ime. But t hey did not want t o fight , because t hey were weak and exhaust ed. Allah punished t hem by causing t hem t o become lost , and t o cont inue wandering, as Allah has st at ed in Surat Al-Ma'idah (5). The correct opinion about t he meaning of, ` t he holy land' ment ioned here is t hat it was Bayt AlMaqdis (Jerusalem), as As-Suddi, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Qat adah and Abu Muslim Al-Asfahani, as well as ot hers have st at ed. Musa said,

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや る∠ シ ∠ ギｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ャや チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠Αぴ びやヱぁギゎ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ (O people! Ent er t he holy land which Allah has assigned t o you and t urn not back (in flight ).) (5:21) However, some scholars said t hat t he holy land is Jericho, (Ariha') and t his opinion was ment ioned from Ibn ` Abbas and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd. Aft er t he years of wandering ended fort y years lat er, in t he company of Yuwsha` (Joshua) bin Nun, Allah allowed t he Children of Israel t o conquer t he holy land on t he eve of a Friday. On t hat day, t he sun was kept from set t ing for a lit t le more t ime, unt il vict ory was achieved. When t he Children of Israel conquered t he holy land, t hey were commanded t o ent er it s gat e while,

びや⇔ギイ ｚシ ⊥ぴ (prost rat ing) in appreciat ion t o Allah for making t hem vict orious, t riumphant , ret urning t hem t o t heir land and saving t hem from being lost and wandering. Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

びや⇔ギイ ｚシ ⊥ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ら∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや∠ヱぴ (and ent er t he gat e Suj j adan) means, "While bowing''. Ibn Jarir report ed Ibn ` Abbas saying,

びや⇔ギイ ｚシ ⊥ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ら∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや∠ヱぴ (and ent er t he gat e in prost rat ion) means, "Through a small door while bowing.'' Al-Hakim narrat ed it , and Ibn Abi Hat im added, "And t hey went t hrough t he door backwards!'' Al-Hasan Al-Basri said t hat t hey were ordered t o prost rat e on t heir faces when t hey ent ered t he cit y, but Ar-Razi discount ed t his explanat ion. It was also said t hat t he Suj ud ment ioned here means, ` submissiveness', for act ually ent ering while prost rat ing is not possible. Khasif said t hat ` Ikrimah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The door ment ioned here was facing t he Qiblah.'' Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, As-Suddi, Qat adah and Ad-Dahhak said t hat t he door is t he door of Hit t ah in Iylya', which is Jerusalem. Ar-Razi also report ed t hat some of t hem said t hat it was a door in t he direct ion of t he Qiblah''. Khasif said t hat ` Ikrimah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Children of Israel ent ered t he door sideways. As-Suddi said t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Azdy said t hat Abu Al-Kanud said t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said t hat t hey were commanded t o, u

びや⇔ギイ ｚシ ⊥ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ら∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや∠ヱぴ

(ent er t he gat e in prost rat ion (or bowing wit h humilit y)) but inst ead, t hey ent ered while t heir heads were raised in defiance. Allah said next ,

び∀るト ｚ ͡ェ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ (and say: ` Hit t ah'). Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "Seek Allah's forgiveness.'' Al-Hasan and Qat adah said t hat it means, "Say, ` Relieve us from our errors.''

びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゴレ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠Β⇒∠トカ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピルｚ ぴ (and We shall forgive you your sins and shall increase (reward) for t he good-doers) Here is t he reward for fulfilling Allah's commandment . This Ayah means, "If you implement what We commanded you, We will forgive your sins and mult iply your good deeds.'' In summary, upon achieving vict ory, t he Children of Israel were commanded t o submit t o Allah in t ongue and deed and, t o admit t o t heir sins and seek forgiveness for t hem, t o be grat eful t o Allah for t he blessings He gave t hem, hast ening t o do t he deeds t hat Allah loves, as He said,

サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ - ウ ⊥ ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ダル∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ぴ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ウらあ ジ ∠ プ∠ - ゅ⇔ィ∠ヲ∇プぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ͡ Α͡キ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ び ゅ∠よヲ͡ ゎ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ロ⊥ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ (When t here comes t he help of Allah (t o you, O Muhammad against your enemies) and t he conquest (of Makkah). And you see t hat t he people ent er Allah's religion (Islam) in crowds. So glorify t he praises of your Lord, and ask His forgiveness. Verily, He is t he One Who accept s t he repent ance.) (110). Allah said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ ヵ͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ギｚ ら∠ プ∠ ぴ (But t hose who did wrong changed t he word from t hat which had been t old t o t hem for anot her). Al-Bukhari recorded Abu Hurayrah saying t hat t he Prophet said,

:やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホヱ∠ や⇔ギイ ｚシ ⊥ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ら∇ャや やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや モ ∠ Β͡もや∠ゲ∇シま͡ ヶ͡レら∠ ャ͡ モ ∠ Β͡ホ» やヲ⊥ャギｚ ら∠ プ∠ ユ͡ヰワ͡ ゅ∠わ∇シぺ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ラヲ⊥ヘェ ∠ ∇ゴΑ∠ やヲ⊥ヤカ ∠ ギ∠ プ∠ ∩∀るト ｚ ͡ェ «り∠ゲ∇バセ ∠ ヶ͡プ ∀るらｚ ∠ェ ∩やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ (The Children of Israel were commanded t o ent er t he door while bowing and t o say ` Hit t ah'. Yet , t hey ent ered t he door on t heir behinds, dist ort ing t he words. They said; ` Habbah (seed), in Sha` rah (a hair).') An-Nasa'i recorded t his part of it from Abu Hurayrah only, but he has a chain from t he Prophet , explaining Allah's st at ement ,

び∀るト ｚ ͡ェぴ (` Hit t ah'), saying, "So t hey deviat ed and said ` Habbah.'' Similar was recorded by ` AbdurRazzaq, and his rout e was also collect ed by Al-Bukhari. Muslim and At -Tirmidhi narrat ed similar versions of t his Hadit h, At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.'' The summary of what t he scholars have said about t his subj ect is t hat t he Children of Israel dist ort ed Allah's command t o t hem t o submit t o Him in t ongue and deed. They were commanded t o ent er t he cit y while bowing down, but t hey ent ered while sliding on t heir rear ends and raising t heir heads! They were commanded t o say, ` Hit t ah' meaning, "Relieve us from our errors and sins.'' However, t hey mocked t his command and said, "Hint ah (grain seed) in Sha` irah (barley).'' This demonst rat es t he worst t ype of rebellion and disobedience, and it is why Allah released His anger and punishment upon t hem, all because of t heir sinning and defying His commands. Allah said,

ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ゴ∇ィケ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ⊥ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ (So We sent upon t he wrongdoers Rij z (a punishment ) from t he heaven because of t heir rebellion.) Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Every word in Allah's Book t hat says Rij z means, ` a punishment .''' Muj ahid, Abu Malik, As-Suddi, Al-Hasan and Qat adah were report ed t o have said t hat Rij z means ` Torment .' Ibn Abi Hat im narrat ed t hat Sa` d bin Malik, Usamah bin Zayd and Khuzaymah bin Thabit said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゆ ∠ グあ ハ ⊥ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ.∀ゴ∇ィ͡ケ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ハゅｚトャや» «ユ⊥ムヤ∠∇らホ∠ (The plague is a Rij z, a punishment wit h which Allah punished t hose before you.) This is also how An-Nasa'i recorded t his Hadit h. In addit ion, t he basis of t his Hadit h was collect ed in t he Two Sahihs,

«ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ チ ∃ ∇ケほ∠よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゅｚトャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ や∠クま͡» (If you hear of t he plague in a land, t hen do not ent er it .) Ibn Jarir recorded Usamah bin Zayd saying t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヂ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゆ ∠ グあ ハ ⊥ ∀ゴ∇ィ͡ケ ユ∠ ボ∠ ジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ノ∠ ィ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ャや や∠グワ∠ ラ ｚ ま» «ユ⊥ムヤ∠∇らホ∠ ユ͡ ョ∠ ほ⊥∇ャや (This calamit y and sickness (i.e. t he plague) is a Rij z, a punishment wit h which some nat ions who were before you were punished.) The basis of t his Hadit h was also collect ed in t he Two Sahihs.

ゆ͡ゲ∇ッや ゅ∠レ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ボ∇ジわ∠ ∇シや ク͡ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ⇔レ∇Βハ ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼハ ∠ ゅ∠わレ∠ ∇をや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇れゲ∠ イ ∠ ヘ∠ ルゅ∠プ ゲ∠ イ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ゅ∠ダバ∠ よあ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼョｚ サ ∃ ゅ∠ルぺ⊥ ぁモミ⊥ ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘョ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇や∇ヲん∠ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ベ ͡ ∇コケあ (60. And (remember) when Musa asked for wat er for his people, We said: "St rike t he st one wit h your st ick.'' Then gushed fort h t herefrom t welve springs. Each (group of) people knew it s own place for wat er. "Eat and drink of t hat which Allah has provided and do not act corrupt ly, making mischief on t he eart h.'')

Twelve Springs gush forth

Allah said, "Remember My favor on you when I answered t he supplicat ion of your Prophet , Musa, when he asked Me t o provide you wit h wat er. I made t he wat er available for you, making it gush out t hrough a st one. Twelve springs burst out of t hat st one, a designat ed spring for each of your t ribes. You eat from t he manna and t he quails and drink from t he wat er t hat I provided for you, wit hout any effort or hardship for you. So worship t he One Who did t his for you.

びリ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘョ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇や∇ヲん∠ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And do not act corrupt ly, making mischief on t he eart h) meaning, "Do not ret urn t he favor by commit t ing act s of disobedience t hat cause favors t o disappear.'' Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Children of Israel, "Had a square st one t hat Musa was commanded t o st rike wit h his st aff and, as a result , t welve springs burst out of t hat st one, t hree on each side. Each t ribe was, t herefore, designat ed a cert ain spring, and t hey used t o drink from t heir springs. They never had t o t ravel from t heir area, t hey would find t he same bount y in t he same manner t hey had in t he first area.''This narrat ion is part of t he long Hadit h t hat An-Nasa'i, Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hat im recorded about t he t rials. This st ory is similar t o t he st ory in Surat Al-` Araf (Chapt er 7) alt hough t he lat t er was revealed in Makkah. In Surat Al-A` raf, Allah used t he t hird person when He ment ioned t he Children of Israel t o t he Prophet and narrat ed what He favored t hem wit h. In t his Surat Al-Baqarah, which was revealed in Al-Madinah, Allah direct ed His Speech at t he Children of Israel. Furt her, Allah said in Surat Al-A` raf,

びゅ⇔レ∇Βハ ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼハ ∠ ゅ∠わレ∠ ∇をや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ろジ ∠イ ∠ ら∠ ルゅ∠プぴ (And t here gushed fort h out of it t welve springs) (7:160), describing what first occurred when t he wat er begins t o gush out . In t he Ayah in Surat Al-Baqarah, Allah described what happened lat er on, meaning when t he wat er burst out in full force. Allah knows best .

ギ∃ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ュ∃ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ∠ ら͡ ∇ダルｚ リ∠ャ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠Α ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ リ͡ョ チ ⊥ ∇ケΕ ∠やろ ⊥ ら͡ レ⊥ゎ ゅｚヨョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ァゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ネ ⊥ ∇キゅ∠プ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡ダ ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰシ ͡ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰョ͡ ヲ⊥プヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰも͡ べｚんホ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡ヤ∇ボ∠よ ∇やヲ⊥トら͡ ∇ワや ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ぺ∠ び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ダョ͡ (61. And (remember) when you said, "O Musa ! We cannot endure one kind of food. So invoke your Lord for us t o bring fort h for us of what t he eart h grows, it s herbs, it s cucumber it s Fum, it s lent ils and it s onions.'' He said, "Would you exchange t hat which is bet t er for t hat which is lower Go you down t o any t own and you shall find what you want !'')

The Children of Israel preferred Foods inferior to Manna and Quails Allah said, "And remember My favor on you when I sent down t he manna and quails t o you, a good, pure, beneficial, easily acquired food. And remember your ungrat efulness for what We grant ed you. Remember how you asked Musa t o exchange t his t ype of food for an inferior t ype t hat consist s of veget at ion, and so fort h.'' Al-Hasan Al-Basri said about t he Children of Israel, "They were bored and impat ient wit h t he t ype of food t hey were provided. They also remembered t he life t hey used t o live, when t heir diet consist ed of lent ils, onions, garlic and herbs.'' They said,

ゅ∠レ∠ャ ネ ⊥ ∇キゅ∠プ ギ∃ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ュ∃ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ∠ ら͡ ∇ダルｚ リ∠ャ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠Αぴ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ボよ∠ リ͡ョ チ ⊥ ∇ケΕ ∠や ろ ⊥ ら͡ レ⊥ゎ ゅｚヨョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ァゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ びゅ∠ヰ͡ヤ∠ダ∠よ∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰシ ͡ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡ョヲ⊥プ∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰも͡ べｚんホ͡ ヱ∠ (O Musa ! We cannot endure one kind of food. So invoke your Lord for us t o bring fort h for us of what t he eart h grows, it s herbs, it s cucumbers, it s Fum, it s lent ils and it s onions). They said,

びギ∃ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ュ∃ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ぴ (One kind of food) meaning, t he manna and quails, because t hey at e t he same food day aft er day. The Ayah ment ioned lent ils, onions and herbs, which are all known t ypes of foods. As for t he Fum, Ibn Mas` ud read it , Thum (garlic). Also, Ibn Abi Hat im narrat ed t hat Al-Hasan said about t he Ayah,

びゅ∠ヰ͡ョヲ⊥プ∠ヱぴ (It s Fum), "Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Fum means, garlic.'' He also said t hat t he expression, ` Fumu-lanna' means, ` bake for us', according t o t he languages of old. Ibn Jarir comment ed, "If t his is t rue, t hen ` Fum' is one of t he words whose pronounciat ion were alt ered, t he let t er ` fa' was replaced by t he let t er ` t ha', since t hey are similar in sound.'' And Allah knows best . Ot hers said t hat Fum is wheat , t he kind used for bread. Al-Bukhari said, "Some of t hem said t hat Fum includes all grains or seeds t hat are eat en.'' Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said, "Would you exchange t hat which is bet t er for t hat which is lower'') crit icized t he Jews for asking for inferior foods, alt hough t hey were living an easy life, eat ing t ast y, beneficial and pure food. Allah's st at ement ,

びや⇔ゲ∇ダョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥トら͡ ∇ワやぴ (Go you down t o any Misr) means, ` any cit y', as Ibn ` Abbas said. Ibn Jarir also report ed t hat Abu Al-` Aliyah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said t hat t he Ayah refers t o Misr, t he Egypt of Fir` awn. The t rut h is t hat t he Ayah means any cit y, as Ibn ` Abbas and ot her scholars st at ed. Therefore, t he meaning of Musa's st at ement t o t he Children of Israel becomes, "What you are asking for is easy, for it is available in abundance in any cit y t hat you might ent er. So since what you asked for is available in all of t he villages and cit ies, I will not ask Allah t o provide us wit h it , especially when it is an inferior t ype of food. '' This is why Musa said t o t hem,

∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ダョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥トら͡ ∇ワや (Would you exchange t hat which is bet t er for t hat which is lower Go you down t o any t own and you shall find what you want !) Since t heir request was t he result of boredom and arrogance and since fulfilling it was unnecessary, t heir request was denied. Allah knows best .

ょ ∃ ツ ∠ ピ∠ よ͡ やヱ⊥￢べ∠よヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ム∠ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ る⊥ ャｚグあ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろよ∠ ゲ͡ ッ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒Α∠ べ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇やヲ∠ダハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ リ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱｚ (61. And t hey were covered wit h humiliat ion and misery, and t hey drew on t hemselves t he wrat h of Allah. That was because t hey used t o disbelieve in t he Ayat (proofs, evidence) of Allah and killed t he Prophet s wrongfully. That was because t hey disobeyed and used t o t ransgress t he bounds (in t heir disobedience t o Allah, i.e. commit crimes and sins.)) (2:61)

Covering the Jews in Humiliation and Misery Allah said,

びる⊥ レ∠ ム∠ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ る⊥ ャｚグあ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろよ∠ ゲ͡ ッ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey were covered wit h humiliat ion and misery). This Ayah indicat es t hat t he Children of Israel were plagued wit h humiliat ion, and t hat t his will cont inue, meaning t hat it will never

cease. They will cont inue t o suffer humiliat ion at t he hands of all who int eract wit h t hem, along wit h t he disgrace t hat t hey feel inwardly. Al-Hasan comment ed, "Allah humiliat ed t hem, and t hey shall have no prot ect or. Allah put t hem under t he feet of t he Muslims, who appeared at a t ime when t he Maj us (Zoroast rians) were t aking t he Jizyah (t ax) from t he Jews.'' Also, Abu Al-` Aliyah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and As-Suddi said t hat ` misery' used in t he Ayah means, ` povert y.' ` At iyah Al-` Awfi said t hat ` misery' means, ` paying t he t ilt h (t ax).' In addit ion, AdDahhak comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ょ ∃ ツ ∠ ピ∠ よ͡ やヱ⊥￢べ∠よヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey drew on t hemselves t he wrat h of Allah), "They deserved Allah's anger.'' Also, Ibn Jarir said t hat ,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ょ ∃ ツ ∠ ピ∠ よ͡ やヱ⊥￢べ∠よヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey drew on t hemselves t he wrat h of Allah) means, "They went back wit h t he wrat h. Similarly, Allah said,

びマ ∠ ヨ͡ ∇をま͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ヨ∇をみ͡よ͡ ￢∠ ヲ⊥らゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ ヴあルま͡ぴ (Verily, I int end t o let you draw my sin on yourself as well as yours) (Al-Ma'idah 5:29) meaning, ` You will end up carrying my, and your, mist akes inst ead of me'. Thus, t he meaning of t he Ayah becomes, ` They went back carrying Allah's anger; Allah's wrat h descended on t hem; t hey deserved Allah's anger.''' Allah's st at ement ,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ びペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ リ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや (That was because t hey used t o disbelieve in t he Ayat (proofs, evidences, et c.) of Allah and killed t he Prophet s wrongfully.) means, "This is what We rewarded t he Children of Israel wit h: humiliat ion and misery.'' Allah's anger t hat descended on t he Children of Israel was a part of t he humiliat ion t hey earned, because of t heir defiance of t he t rut h, disbelief in Allah's Ayat and belit t ling t he carriers of Allah's Law i.e. t he Prophet s and t heir following. The Children of Israel rej ect ed t he Messengers and even killed t hem. Surely, t here is no form of disbelief worse t han disbelieving in Allah's Ayat and murdering t he Prophet s of Allah.

Meaning of Kibr Similarly, in a Hadit h recorded in t he Two Sahihs t he Messenger of Allah said,

«サゅｚレャや テ ⊥ ∇ヨビ ∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ト ∠ よ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇らム͡ ∇ャや» (` Kibr, is refusing t he t rut h and degrading (belit t ling) people.) Imam Ahmad recorded, ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud saying t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ヱぺ∠ ヶ ｘ ら͡ ル∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠わ∠ ホ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠» «リΒ͡ヤんあ ヨ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ モ ∀ んあ ヨ∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ る∃ ャ∠ゅ∠ヤッ ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ョま͡ヱ∠ :ゅ６Βら͡ ル∠ モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ (The people who will receive t he most t orment on t he Day of Resurrect ion are: a man who was killed by a Prophet or who killed a Prophet , an unj ust ruler and one who mut ilat es (t he dead).) Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱｚ ∇やヲ∠ダハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (That was because t hey disobeyed and used t o t ransgress t he bounds) ment ions anot her reason why t he Children of Israel were punished in t his manner, for t hey used t o disobey and t ransgress t he limit s. Disobedience is t o do what is prohibit ed, while t ransgression ent ails overst epping t he set limit s of what is allowed and what is prohibit ed. Allah knows best .

ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚ ャや∠ヱ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Αグ͡ ャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ ∠リΒ͡ゃ͡ら⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ (62. Verily, t hose who believe and t hose who are Jews and Christ ians, and Sabians (Sabi'in), whoever believes in Allah and t he Last Day and does right eous good deeds shall have t heir reward wit h t heir Lord, on t hem shall be no fear, nor shall t hey grieve.)

Faith and doing Righteous Deeds equals Salvation in all Times Aft er Allah described t he condit ion - and punishment - of t hose who defy His commands, fall int o His prohibit ions and t ransgress set limit s by commit t ing prohibit ed act s, He st at ed t hat t he earlier nat ions who were right eous and obedient received t he rewards for t heir good deeds. This shall be t he case, unt il t he Day of Judgment . Therefore, whoever follows t he unlet t ered

Messenger and Prophet shall acquire et ernal happiness and shall neit her fear from what will happen in t he fut ure nor become sad for what has been lost in t he past . Similarly, Allah said,

∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι∠ぺぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ (No doubt ! Verily, t he Awliya' of Allah, no fear shall come upon t hem nor shall t hey grieve) (10:62). The angels will proclaim t o t he dying believers, as ment ioned,

メ ⊥ ゴｚ レ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠ボわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゅ∠ガゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヴ͡わャｚや る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (Verily, t hose who say: "Our Lord is Allah (alone),'' and t hen t hey st and firm, on t hem t he angels will descend (at t he t ime of t heir deat h) (saying): "Fear not , nor grieve! But receive t he glad t idings of Paradise which you have been promised!''). (41:30)

The Meaning of Mu'min, or Believer Ali bin Abi Talhah narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas, about ,

ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚ ャや∠ヱ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ ∠リΒ͡ゃ͡ら⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ (Verily, t hose who believe and t hose who are Jews and Christ ians, and Sabians, whoever believes in Allah and t he Last Day) t hat Allah revealed t he following Ayah aft erwards,

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ リ∠ヤプ∠ ゅ⇔レΑ͡キ ユ͡ ⇒∠ヤ∇シΗ ͡ や ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ヒ͡ わ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ

(And whoever seeks religion ot her t han Islam, it will never be accept ed of him, and in t he Hereaft er he will be one of t he losers) (3:85). This st at ement by Ibn ` Abbas indicat es t hat Allah does not accept any deed or work from anyone, unless it conforms t o t he Law of Muhammad t hat is, aft er Allah sent Muhammad . Before t hat , every person who followed t he guidance of his own Prophet was on t he correct pat h, following t he correct guidance and was saved

Why the Jews were called ` Yahud The Jews are t he followers of Prophet Musa, who used t o refer t o t he Tawrah for j udgment . Yahud is a word t hat means, ` repent ing', j ust as Musa said,

びマ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ⇒∠ル∇ギワ⊥ ゅｚル͡まぴ why the christians were called nasara ("Who will be my helpers in Allah's cause'' Al-Hawariyyun said: "We are t he helpers of Allah.'') (61:14) It was said t hat t hey were called ` Nasara', because t hey inhabit ed a land called An-Nasirah (Nazaret h), as Qat adah, Ibn Jurayj and Ibn ` Abbas were report ed t o have said, Allah knows best . Nasara is cert ainly plural for Nasran. When Allah sent Muhammad as t he Last and Final Prophet and Messenger t o all of t he Children of Adam, mankind was required t o believe in him, obey him and refrain from what he prohibit ed t hem; t hose who do t his are t rue believers. The Ummah of Muhammad was called ` Mu'minin' (believers), because of t he dept h of t heir fait h and cert aint y, and because t hey believe in all of t he previous Prophet s and mat t ers of t he Unseen.

The Sabi'un or Sabians There is a difference of opinion over t he ident it y of t he Sabians. Sufyan At h-Thawri said t hat Layt h bin Abu Sulaym said t hat Muj ahid said t hat , "The Sabians are bet ween t he Maj us, t he Jews and t he Christ ians. They do not have a specific religion.'' Similar is report ed from Ibn Abi Naj ih. Similar st at ement s were at t ribut ed t o ` At a' and Sa` id bin Jubayr. They (ot hers) say t hat t he Sabians are a sect among t he People of t he Book who used t o read t he Zabur (Psalms), ot hers say t hat t hey are a people who worshipped t he angels or t he st ars. It appears t hat t he closest opinion t o t he t rut h, and Allah knows best , is Muj ahid's st at ement and t hose who agree wit h him like Wahb bin Munabbih, t hat t he Sabians are neit her Jews nor Christ ians nor Maj us nor polyt heist s. Rat her, t hey did not have a specific religion t hat t hey followed and enforced, because t hey remained living according t o t heir Fit rah (inst inct ual nat ure). This is why t he idolat ors used t o call whoever embraced Islam a ` Sabi', meaning, t hat he abandoned all religions t hat exist ed on t he eart h. Some scholars st at ed t hat t he Sabians are t hose who never received a message by any Prophet . And Allah knows best .

∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ケ∠ ヲぁトャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バプ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱ り∃ ヲｚ ボ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ム⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ユ⊥わ∇Βャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ びリ ∠ Αゲ͡ ジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥わレ⊥ムャ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ (63. And (O Children of Isra'il, remember) when We t ook your covenant and We raised above you t he Mount (saying): "Hold fast t o t hat which We have given you, and remember t hat which is t herein so t hat you may acquire Taqwa.) (64. Then aft er t hat you t urned away. Had it not been for t he grace and mercy of Allah upon you, indeed you would have been among t he losers.)

Taking the Covenant from the Jews Allah reminded t he Children of Israel of t he pledges, covenant s and promises t hat He t ook from t hem t o believe in Him alone, wit hout a part ner, and follow His Messengers. Allah st at ed t hat when He t ook t heir pledge from t hem, He raised t he mount ain above t heir heads, so t hat t hey affirm t he pledge t hat t hey gave Allah and abide by it wit h sincerit y and seriousness. Hence, Allah's st at ement ,

∀ノ͡ホや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ∇やヲぁレニ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀るヤｚニ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ イ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボわ∠ ル∠ ク͡まヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱ り∃ ヲｚ ボ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ミゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ (And (remember) when We raised t he mount ain over t hem as if it had been a canopy, and t hey t hought t hat it was going t o fall on t hem. (We said): "Hold firmly t o what We have given you (Tawrah), and remember t hat which is t herein (act on it s commandment s), so t hat you may fear Allah and obey Him.'') (7:171). The mount ment ioned here is At -Tur, j ust as it was explained in Surat Al-A` raf, according t o t he Tafsir of Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` At a', ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Ad-Dahhak, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and ot hers. This is more obvious. There is anot her report from Ibn ` Abbas saying; ` The Tur is a t ype of mount ain t hat veget at ion grows on, if no veget at ion grows on it , it is not called Tur.' And in t he Hadit h about t he t rials, Ibn ` Abbas said; "When t hey (t he Jews) refused t o obey, Allah raised t he mount ain above t heir heads so t hat t hey would list en.'' Al-Hasan said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びり∃ ヲｚ ボ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ム⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ぴ (Hold fast t o t hat which We have given you) means, t he Tawrah. Muj ahid said t hat t he Ayah commanded, "St rict ly adhere t o it .'' Abu Al-` Aliyah and Ar-Rabi` said t hat ,

びヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ (and remember t hat which is t herein) means, "Read t he Tawrah and implement it .'' Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ユ⊥わ∇Βャｚ∠ヲ∠ゎ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then aft er t hat you t urned away. Had it not been for t he grace of Allah) means, "Yet , aft er t he firm pledge t hat you gave, you st ill deviat ed and broke your pledge'';

びヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (Had it not been for t he grace and mercy of Allah upon you), meaning, by forgiving you and by sending t he Prophet s and Messengers t o you,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥わレ⊥ムャ∠ぴ (Indeed you would have been among t he losers) meaning, in t his life and t he Hereaft er due t o t heir breach of t he covenant .

ゅ∠レ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ろ ͡ ∇らジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヱ∠ギわ∠ ∇ハや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヨャあ Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ムル∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ゃジ ͡ ⇒∠カ り⇔ キ∠ ゲ∠ ホ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ る⇔ ヌ ∠ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ (65. And indeed you knew t hose amongst you who t ransgressed in t he mat t er of t he Sabbat h (i.e. Sat urday). We said t o t hem: "Be you monkeys, despised and rej ect ed.'') (66. So We made t his punishment an example for t hose in front of it and t hose behind it , and a lesson for AlMut t aqin (t he pious.)

The Jews breach the Sanctity of the Sabbath Allah said,

びユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed you knew). This Ayah means, O Jews! Remember t hat Allah sent His t orment on t he village t hat disobeyed Him and broke t heir pledge and t heir covenant t o observe t he sanct it y of t he Sabbat h. They began using deceit ful means t o avoid honoring t he Sabbat h by placing net s, ropes and art ificial pools of wat er for t he purpose of fishing before t he Sabbat h. When t he fish came in abundance on Sat urday as usual, t hey were caught in t he ropes and net s for t he rest of Sat urday. During t he night , t he Jews collect ed t he fish aft er t he Sabbat h ended. When t hey did t hat , Allah changed t hem from humans int o monkeys, t he animals having t he form closest t o humans. Their evil deeds and deceit appeared lawful on t he surface, but t hey were in realit y wicked. This is why t heir punishment was compat ible wit h t heir crime. This st ory is explained in det ail in Surat Al-A` raf, where Allah said (7:163),

ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや り∠ ゲ∠ ッ ͡ ゅ∠ェ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ヴ͡わャｚや る͡ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヤゃ∠ ∇シヱ∠ ぴ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル⊥ ゅ∠わΒ͡ェ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ∇クま͡ ろ ͡ ∇らジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇バΑ∠ ∇クま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わら͡ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ハゲｚ セ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ∇らシ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ⊥ ∇ヘΑ∠ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ワヲ⊥ヤ∇らル∠ (And ask t hem (O Muhammad ) about t he t own t hat was by t he sea; when t hey t ransgressed in t he mat t er of t he Sabbat h (i.e. Sat urday): when t heir fish came t o t hem openly on t he Sabbat h day, and did not come t o t hem on t he day t hey had no Sabbat h. Thus We made a t rial of t hem, for t hey used t o rebel (disobey Allah).)(7:163) In his Tafsir, Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ゃジ ͡ ⇒∠カ り⇔ キ∠ ゲ∠ ホ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤボ⊥ ∠プぴ (We said t o t hem: "Be you monkeys, despised and rej ect ed'') means, "Allah changed t heir bodies int o t hose of monkeys and swines. The young people t urned int o monkeys while t he old people t urned int o swine.'' Shayban An-Nahwi report ed t hat Qat adah comment ed on,

びリ ∠ Β͡ゃジ ͡ ⇒∠カ り⇔ キ∠ ゲ∠ ホ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤボ⊥ ∠プぴ (We said t o t hem: "Be you monkeys, despised and rej ect ed''), "These people were t urned int o howling monkeys wit h t ails, aft er being men and women.''

The Monkeys and Swine that exist now are not the Descendants of Those that were transformed

Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Those who violat ed t he sanct it y of t he Sabbat h were t urned int o monkeys, t hen t hey perished wit hout offspring.'' Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Allah t urned t hem int o monkeys because of t heir sins. They only lived on t he eart h for t hree days, for no t ransformed person ever lives more t han t hree days. They did not eat , drink or have offspring. Allah t ransformed t heir shapes int o monkeys, and He does what He wills, wit h whom He wills and He changes t he shape of whomever He wills. On t he ot her hand, Allah creat ed t he monkeys, swines and t he rest of t he creat ion in t he six days (of creat ion) t hat He ment ioned in His Book.'' Allah's st at ement ,

びΚ ⇔ ⇒∠ムル∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So We made t his punishment an example) means, Allah made t he people of t his village, who violat ed t he sanct it y of t he Sabbat h,

びΚ ⇔ ⇒∠ムル∠ ぴ (an example) via t he way t hey were punished. Similarly, Allah said about Pharaoh,

び ヴ∠ャ∇ヱΙ ｙ や∠ヱ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやメ ∠ ゅ∠ムル∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ロ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So Allah, seized him wit h punishing example for his last and first t ransgression) (79:25). nAllah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ヰ∠ヘ∇ヤ∠カ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあぴ (for t hose in front of it and t hose behind it ) meaning, for t he ot her villages. Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "Meaning, ` We made t his village an example for t he villages around it by t he manner in which We punished it s people.''' Similarly, Allah said,

ゅ∠レ∇プゲｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ム∠ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘや (And indeed We have dest royed t owns (populat ions) round about you, and We have (repeat edly) shown (t hem) t he Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelat ions, et c.) in various ways t hat t hey might ret urn (t o t he t rut h and believe in t he Oneness of Allah Islamic Monot heism)).(46:27) Therefore, Allah made t hem an example for t hose who lived during t heir t ime as well as a reminder for t hose t o come, by preserving t heir st ory. This is why Allah said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ る⇔ ヌ ∠ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and a lesson for Al-Mut t aqin (t he pious)), meaning, a reminder. This Ayah means, "The t orment and punishment t hat t his village suff ered was a result of indulging in Allah's prohibit ions and t heir deceit . Hence, t hose who have Taqwa should be aware of t heir evil behavior, so t hat what occurred t o t his village does not befall t hem as well.'' Also, Imam Abu ` Abdullah bin Bat t ah report ed t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ュ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠エョ∠ やヲぁヤエ ͡ わ∠ ∇ジわ∠ プ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ら∠ ム∠ ゎ∠ ∇ケや ゅ∠ョ やヲ⊥らム͡ ゎ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «モ∠Βエ ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ル∇キほ∠よ͡ ぶ ͡ や (Do not commit what t he Jews commit t ed, breaching what Allah has forbidden, by resort ing t o t he lowest t ypes of deceit .) This Hadit h has a good (Jayid) chain of narrat ion. Allah knows best .

ラ∠ぺ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や⇔ヱゴ⊥ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ルグ⊥ ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ り⇔ ゲ∠ ボ∠ よ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エ∠よ∇グ∠ゎ びリ ∠ Β͡ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ (67. And (remember) when Musa said t o his people: "Verily, Allah commands you t hat you slaught er a cow.'' They said, "Do you make fun of us'' He said, "I t ake Allah's refuge from being among Al-Jahilin (t he ignorant or t he foolish).'')

The Story of the murdered Israeli Man and the Cow Allah said, ` O Children of Israel! Remember how I blessed you wit h miracle of t he cow t hat was t he means for discovering t he ident it y of t he murderer, when t he murdered man was brought back t o life.' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded ` Ubaydah As-Salmani saying, "There was a man from among t he Children of Israel who was impot ent . He had subst ant ial wealt h, and only a nephew who would inherit from him. So his nephew killed him and moved his body at night , placing it at t he doorst ep of a cert ain man. The next morning, t he nephew cried out for revenge, and t he people t ook up t heir weapons and almost fought each ot her. The wise men among t hem said, ` Why would you kill each ot her, while t he Messenger of Allah is st ill among you' So t hey went t o Musa and ment ioned t he mat t er t o him and Musa said,

ゅ∠ルグ⊥ ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ り⇔ ゲ∠ ボ∠ よ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エよ∠ ∇グゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や⇔ヱゴ⊥ ワ⊥ ("Verily, Allah commands you t hat you slaught er a cow.'' They said, "Do you make fun of us'' He said, "I t ake Allah's refuge from being among Al-Jahilin (t he ignorant or t he foolish)).'' "Had t hey not disput ed, it would have been sufficient for t hem t o slaught er any cow. However, t hey disput ed, and t he mat t er was made more difficult for t hem, unt il t hey ended up looking for t he specific cow t hat t hey were lat er ordered t o slaught er. They found t he designat ed cow wit h a man, only who owned t hat cow. He said, ` By Allah! I will only sell it for it s skin's fill of gold.' So t hey paid t he cow's fill of it s skin in gold, slaught ered it and t ouched t he dead man wit h a part of it . He st ood up, and t hey asked him, ` Who killed you' He said, ` That man,' and point ed t o his nephew. He died again, and his nephew was not allowed t o inherit him. Thereaft er, whoever commit t ed murder for t he purpose of gaining inherit ance was not allowed t o inherit .'' Ibn Jarir report ed somet hing similar t o t hat . Allah knows best .

メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レャｚ リ ∠ Βあ ら∠ Α⊥ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ネ ⊥ ∇キや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ マ ∠ ャ͡ク リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∀ラや∠ヲ∠ハ ∀ゲ∇ム͡よ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀チ͡ケゅ∠プ Ι ｚ り∀ ゲ∠ ボ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ ゅ∠レャｚ リあΒら∠ Α⊥ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ネ ⊥ ∇キや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヱゲ∠ョ∇ぽゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇プゅ∠プ ∀ノ⇒͡ホゅ∠プ ￢⊥ へ∠ゲ∇ヘタ ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ボ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヰル⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ ゅ∠ョ リあΒら∠ Α⊥ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ネ ⊥ ∇キや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ͡ ⇒ｚレャや ぁゲジ ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰル⊥ ∇ヲャｚ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ラ͡ま べｚルま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ∠ ら∠ ⇒∠ゼゎ∠ ゲ∠ ボ∠ ら∠ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レャｚ ゲ⊥ Β͡んゎ⊥ ∀メヲ⊥ャ∠ク Ι ｚ り∀ ゲ∠ ボ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ る∠ Β∠ セ ͡ Ι ｚ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤｚジ ∠ ョ⊥ ゐ ∠ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡ボ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥エよ∠ グ∠ プ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ろ ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ リ ∠ ⇒∠ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ (68. They said, "Call upon your Lord for us t hat He may make plain t o us what it is!'' He said, "He says, ` Verily, it is a cow neit her t oo old nor t oo young, but (it is) bet ween t he t wo condit ions', so do what you are commanded.'') (69. They said, "Call upon your Lord for us t o make plain t o us it s colour.'' He said, "He says, ` It is a yellow cow, bright in it s colour, pleasing t he beholders.' '') (70. They said, "Call upon your Lord for us t o make plain t o us what it is.

Verily, t o us all cows are alike. And surely, if Allah wills, we will be guided.'') (71. He (Musa) said, "He says, ` It is a cow neit her t rained t o t ill t he soil nor wat er t he fields, sound, having no blemish in it .' '' They said, "Now you have brought t he t rut h.'' So t hey slaught ered it t hough t hey were near t o not doing it .)

The Stubbornness of the Jews regarding the Cow; Allah made the Matter difficult for Them Allah ment ioned t he st ubbornness of t he Children of Israel and t he many unnecessary quest ions t hey asked t heir Messengers. This is why when t hey were st ubborn, Allah made t he decisions difficult for t hem. Had t hey slaught ered a cow, any cow, it would have been sufficient for t hem, as Ibn ` Abbas and ` Ubaydah have said. Inst ead, t hey made t he mat t er difficult , and t his is why Allah made it even more difficult for t hem. They said,

びヴ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レャｚ リ ∠ Βあ ら∠ Α⊥ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ネ ⊥ ∇キやぴ (Call upon your Lord for us t hat He may make plain t o us what it is!), meaning, "What is t his cow and what is it s descript ion'' Musa said,

び∀ゲ∇ム͡よ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀チ͡ケゅ∠プ Ι ｚ り∀ ゲ∠ ボ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (He says, ` Verily, it is a cow neit her t oo old nor t oo young'), meaning, t hat it is neit her old nor below t he age of breeding. This is t he opinion of Abu Al-` Aliyah, As-Suddi, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, ` At iyah Al-` Awfi, ` At a', Al-Khurasani, Wahb bin Munabbih, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qat adah and Ibn ` Abbas. Ad-Dahhak report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

びマ ∠ ャ͡ク リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∀ラや∠ヲ∠ハぴ (But (it is) bet ween t he t wo condit ions) means, "Neit her old nor young. Rat her, she was at t he age when t he cow is st rongest and fit t est .'' In his Tafsir Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat ,

びゅ∠ヰル⊥ ∇ヲャｚ ∀ノ⇒͡ホゅ∠プぴ (bright in it s colour) "A deep yellowish whit e.'' As-Suddi said,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ͡ ⇒ｚレャや ぁゲジ ⊥ ゎ∠ ぴ

(pleasing t he beholder) meaning, t hat it pleases t hose who see it . This is also t he opinion of Abu Al-` Aliyah, Qat adah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas. Furt hermore, Wahb bin Munabbih said, "If you look at t he cow's skin, you will t hink t hat t he sun's rays radiat e t hrough it s skin.'' The modern version of t he Tawrah ment ions t hat t he cow in t he Ayah was red, but t his is an error. Or, it might be t hat t he cow was so yellow t hat it appeared blackish or reddish in color. Allah's knows best .

びゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ∠ ら∠ ⇒∠ゼゎ∠ ゲ∠ ボ∠ ら∠ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t o us all cows are alike) t his means, t hat since cows are plent iful, t hen describe t his cow for us furt her,

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ラ͡ま べｚルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And surely, if Allah wills) and if you furt her describe it t o us,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (we will be guided.)

チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ゲ⊥ Β͡んゎ⊥ ∀メヲ⊥ャ∠ク Ι ｚ り∀ ゲ∠ ボ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びゐ ∠ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡ボ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ (He says, ` It is a cow neit her t rained t o t ill t he soil nor wat er t he fields') meaning, it is not used in farming, or for wat ering purposes. Rat her, it is honorable and fair looking. ` AbdurRazzaq said t hat Ma` mar said t hat Qat adah said t hat ,

びる∀ ヨ∠ ヤｚジ ∠ ョぁ ぴ (sound) means, "The cow does not suffer from any defect s.'' This is also t he opinion of Abu Al` Aliyah and Ar-Rabi` . Muj ahid also said t hat t he Ayah means t he cow is free from defect s. Furt her, ` At a' Al-Khurasani said t hat t he Ayah means t hat it s legs and body are free of physical defect s. Also, Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥エよ∠ グ∠ プ∠ ぴ

(So t hey slaught ered it t hough t hey were near t o not doing it ) means, "They did not want t o slaught er it .'' This means t hat even aft er all t he quest ions and answers about t he cow's descript ion, t he Jews were st ill reluct ant t o slaught er t he cow. This part of t he Qur'an crit icized t he Jews for t heir behavior, because t heir only goal was t o be st ubborn, and t his is why t hey nearly did not slaught er t he cow. Also, ` Ubaydah, Muj ahid, Wahb bin Munabbih, Abu Al-` Aliyah and ` AbdurRahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, "The Jews bought t he cow wit h a large amount of money.'' There is a difference of opinion over t his.

∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅｚョ ∀ァ͡ゲ∇ガョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ぺケ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠プ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰツ ͡ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ッや ゅ∠レ∇ヤボ⊥ ∠プ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αへ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや (72. And (remember) when you killed a man and disagreed among yourselves as t o t he crime. But Allah brought fort h t hat which you were Takt umun.) (73. So We said: "St rike him (t he dead man) wit h a piece of it (t he cow).'' Thus Allah brings t he dead t o life and shows you His Ayat (proofs, evidences, et c.) so t hat you may underst and.)

Bringing the murdered Man back to Life Al-Bukhari said t hat ,

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ぺケ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠プぴ (And disagreed among yourselves as t o t he crime) means, "Disput ed.'' This is also t he Tafsir of Muj ahid. ` At a' Al-Khurasani and Ad-Dahhak said, "Disput ed about t his mat t er.'' Also, Ibn Jurayj said t hat ,

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ぺケ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠プ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And (remember) when you killed a man and disagreed among yourselves as t o t he crime) means, some of t hem said, "You killed him,'' while t he ot hers said, "No you killed him.'' This is also t he Tafsir of ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam. Muj ahid said t hat ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅｚョ ∀ァ͡ゲ∇ガョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (But Allah brought fort h t hat which you were Takt umun) means, "what you were hiding.''

Allah said,

びゅ∠ヰツ ͡ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ッや ゅ∠レ∇ヤボ⊥ ∠プぴ (So We said: "St rike him (t he dead man) wit h a piece of it (t he cow)'') meaning, "any part of t he cow will produce t he miracle (if t hey st ruck t he dead man wit h it ).'' We were not t old which part of t he cow t hey used, as t his mat t er does not benefit us eit her in mat t ers of life or religion. Ot herwise, Allah would have made it clear for us. Inst ead, Allah made t his mat t er vague, so t his is why we should leave it vague. Allah's st at ement ,

びヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Thus Allah brings t he dead t o life) means, "They st ruck him wit h it , and he came back t o life.'' This Ayah demonst rat es Allah's abilit y in bringing t he dead back t o life. Allah made t his incident proof against t he Jews t hat t he Resurrect ion shall occur, and ended t heir disput ing and st ubbornness over t he dead person. Allah ment ioned His bringing t he dead back t o life in five inst ances in Surat Al-Baqarah. First Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ム⇒∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then We raised you up aft er your deat h). He t hen ment ioned t he st ory about t he cow. Allah also ment ioned t he st ory of t hose who escaped deat h in t heir land, while t hey were numbering in t he t housands. He also ment ioned t he st ory of t he Prophet who passed by a village t hat was dest royed, t he st ory of Abraham and t he four birds, and t he land t hat comes back t o life aft er it has died. All t hese incident s and st ories alert us t o t he fact t hat bodies shall again become whole, aft er t hey were rot t en. The proof of Resurrect ion is also reit erat ed in Allah's st at ement ,

ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ΒΒ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ る⊥ わ∠ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚャ ∀る∠Αや∠￢∠ヱぴ リあョ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ゅ⇔ら∂ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ͡ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥Βバ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠ル∇ゲイ ｚ プ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ∃ Β͡ガルｚ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ を∠ リ͡ョ (And a sign for t hem is t he dead land. We give it life, and We bring fort h from it grains, so t hat t hey eat t hereof. And We have made t herein gardens of dat e palms and grapes, and We have caused springs of wat er t o gush fort h t herein. So t hat t hey may eat of t he fruit t hereof and t heir hands made it not . Will t hey not t hen give t hanks) (36:33-35).

∇ヱぺ∠ り͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠イエ ͡ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ろジ ∠ ホ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ⊥ イ ｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠ャ り͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠イエ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ り⇔ ヲ∠ ∇ジホ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΒ∠ プ∠ ペ ⊥ ボｚ ゼ ｚ ∠Α ゅ∠ヨャ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΕ ∠や モ ∃ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ピよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ テ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠ャ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅｚヨハ ∠ (74. Then aft er t hat your heart s were hardened and became as st ones or even worse in hardness. And indeed, t here are st ones out of which rivers gush fort h, and indeed, t here are of t hem (st ones) which split asunder so t hat wat er flows from t hem, and indeed, t here are of t hem (st ones) which fall down for fear of Allah. And Allah is not unaware of what you do.)

The Harshness of the Jews Allah crit icized t he Children of Israel because t hey wit nessed t he t remendous signs and t he Ayat of Allah, including bringing t he dead back t o life, yet ,

びマ ∠ ャ͡ク ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ろジ ∠ ホ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then aft er t hat your heart s were hardened). So t heir heart s were like st ones t hat never become soft . This is why Allah forbade t he believers from imit at ing t he Jews when He said,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミグ͡ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ノ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ラ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ろジ ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ギ⊥ ョ∠ Ι ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠トプ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヱ∠ (Has not t he t ime come for t he heart s of t hose who believe (in t he Oneness of Allah Islamic Monot heism) t o be affect ed by Allah's Reminder (t his Qur'an), and t hat which has been revealed of t he t rut h, lest t hey become as t hose who received t he Script ure (t he Tawrah) and t he Inj il

(Gospel)) before (i.e. Jews and Christ ians), and t he t erm was prolonged for t hem and so t heir heart s were hardened And many of t hem were Fasiqun (t he rebellious, t he disobedient t o Allah)) (57:16). v In his Tafsir, Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "When t he dead man was st ruck wit h a part of t he cow, he st ood up and became more alive t han he ever was. He was asked, ` Who killed you' He said, ` My nephews killed me.' He t hen died again. His nephews said, aft er Allah t ook his life away, ` By Allah! We did not kill him' and denied t he t rut h while t hey knew it . Allah said,

びり⇔ ヲ∠ ∇ジホ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ り͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠イエ ͡ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ ぴ (And became as st ones or even worse in hardness). '' And by t he passage of t ime, t he heart s of t he Children of Israel were unlikely t o accept any admonishment , even aft er t he miracles and signs t hey wit hnessed. Their heart s became harder t han st ones, wit h no hope of ever soft ening. Somet imes, springs and rivers burst out of st ones, some st ones split and wat er comes out of t hem, even if t here are no springs or rivers around t hem, somet imes st ones fall down from mount aint ops out of t heir fear of Allah. Muhammad bin Ishaq narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΕ ∠ や ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ⊥ イ ｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨャ∠ り͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠イエ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヨャ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΒ∠ プ∠ ペ ⊥ ボｚ ゼ ｚ ∠Α ゅ∠ヨャ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ テ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ (And indeed, t here are st ones out of which rivers gush fort h, and indeed, t here are of t hem (st ones) which split asunder so t hat wat er flows from t hem, and indeed, t here are of t hem (st ones) which fall down for fear of Allah), means, "Some st ones are soft er t han your heart s, t hey acknowledge t he t rut h t hat you are being called t o,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅｚヨハ ∠ モ ∃ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ピよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah is not unaware of what you do).''

Solid Inanimate Objects possess a certain Degree of Awareness Some claimed t hat t he Ayat ment ioned t he st ones being humble as a met aphor. However, ArRazi, Al-Qurt ubi and ot her Imams said t hat t here is no need for t his explanat ion, because Allah creat es t his charact erist ic - humbleness - in st ones. For inst ance, Allah said,

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョΙ ｘ や ゅ∠レ∇ッゲ∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚル͡まぴ びゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ リ ∠ ∇ボヘ∠ ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰレ∠ ∇ヤヨ͡ ∇エΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ほ∠プ メ ͡ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ (Truly, We did offer Al-Amanah (t he t rust ) t o t he heavens and t he eart h, and t he mount ains, but t hey declined t o bear it and were afraid of it (i.e. afraid of Allah's t orment )) (33:72),

びリ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ノ⊥ ∇らｚジャや れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ ゎ⊥ ぴ (The seven heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is t herein, glorify Him) (17:44),

びラ ͡ や∠ギイ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ゲ⊥ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ユ⊥ ∇イレｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (And t he st ars and t he t rees bot h prost rat e t hemselves (t o Allah)) (55:6),

びほ⊥Βｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Β∠ ∇ヨャ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Have t hey not observed t hings t hat Allah has creat ed: (how) t heir shadows incline) (16:48),

びリ ∠ Β͡バも͡ べ∠デ ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠わャ∠ゅ∠ホぴ (They bot h said: "We come willingly.'') (41:11),

びモ ∃ ら∠ ィ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ (Had We sent down t his Qur'an on a mount ain) (59:21), and,

ゅ∠レボ∠ ト ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユゎぁ ギ͡ヰセ ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユワ͡ キ͡ ヲ⊥ヤイ ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (And t hey will say t o t heir skins, "Why do you t est ify against us'' They will say: "Allah has caused us t o speak.'') (41:21). It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Prophet said,

«ヮぁらエ ͡ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レらぁ エ ͡ Α⊥ モ ∀ ら∠ ィ ∠ や∠グワ» (This (Mount Uhud) is a mount t hat loves us and t hat we love.) Similarly, t he compassion of t he st ump of t he palm t ree for t he Prophet as confirmed in aut hent ic narrat ions. In Sahih Muslim it is recorded t hat t he Prophet said,

モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ⊥ あヤジ ∠ Α⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ る∠ ムｚ ヨ∠ よ͡ や⇔ゲイ ∠ェ ∠ フ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ハほ∠ャ∠ ヶあルま͡» «ラべ∇ャや ヮ⊥ プ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ハほ∠ャ∠ ヶあルま͡ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇よぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ (I know a st one in Makkah t hat used t o greet me wit h t he Salam before I was sent . I recognize t his st one now.) He said about t he Black St one t hat ,

«る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ペ ∠エ ∠ よ͡ ユ∠ ヤ∠わ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャ͡ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡» (On t he Day of Resurrect ion it will t est ifiy for t hose who kiss it .) There are several ot her t ext s wit h t his meaning. The scholars of t he Arabic language disagreed over t he meaning of Allah's st at ement ,

びり⇔ ヲ∠ ∇ジホ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ り͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠イエ ͡ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ ぴ (And became as st ones or even worse in hardness) aft er agreeing t hat ` or' here is not being used t o reflect doubt . Some scholars said t hat ` or' here means, ` and'. So t he meaning becomes, "As hard as st ones, and harder.'' For inst ance, Allah said,

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ヘミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ͡をや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ノト ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And obey not a sinner or a disbeliever among t hem) (76:24), and,

び や⇔ケ∇グル⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔ケ∇グハ ⊥ぴ (To cut off all excuses or t o warn) (77:6). Some ot her scholars said t hat ` or' here means, ` rat her'. Hence, t he meaning becomes, ` As hard as st ones. Rat her, harder.' For inst ance, Allah said,

∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ Β∠ ∇ゼガ ∠ ミ∠ サ ∠ ゅレｚャや ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ や∠クま͡ぴ びる⇔ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ (A sect ion of t hem fear men as t hey fear Allah or even more) (4:77),

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゴΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ブ ∃ ∇ャぺ∠ る͡ も∠ ∇ゅョ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And We sent him t o a hundred t housand (people) or even more) (37:147), and,

び ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βシ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ぴ (And was at a dist ance of t wo bows' lengt h or (even) nearer) (53:9). Some ot her scholars said t hat t his Ayah means t heir heart s are only of t wo t ypes, as hard as st one or harder t han st one. Furt her, Ibn Jarir comment ed t hat t his Tafsir means t hat some of t heir heart s are as hard as st one and some heart s are harder t han st one. Ibn Jarir said t hat he favored t his last Tafsir, alt hough t he ot hers are plausible. I - Ibn Kat hir - say t hat t he last Tafsir is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

びや⇔ケゅ∠ル ギ∠ ホ∠ ∇ヲわ∠ ∇シや ン͡グャｚや モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ョ∠ ぴ (Their likeness is as t he likeness of one who kindled a fire) (2:17), and t hen His st at ement ,

び￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ょ ∃ Βあ ダ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or like a rainst orm from t he sky) (2:19). It is also similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

びる∃ バ∠ Β͡ボよ͡ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲジ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (As for t hose who disbelieved, t heir deeds are like a mirage in a desert ) (24:39), and t hen His st at ement ,

びヴ ｙイ あ ャぁ ゲ∃ ∇エよ∠ ヴ͡プ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ⊥ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ

(Or (t he st at e of a disbeliever) is like t he darkness in a vast deep sea) (24:40). This t hen means t hat some of t hem are like t he first example, and some ot hers are like t he second example. Allah knows best .

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇トわ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤボ∠ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥プゲあ エ ∠ Α⊥ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ∠ ⇒∠ヤミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ボャ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ユ⊥ヰル∠ ヲ⊥をギあ エ ∠ ゎ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ Κ ∠カ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レハ ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ミヲぁィべ∠エΒ⊥ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ウ ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲジ ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ヤ∇バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (75. Do you (fait hful believers) covet t hat t hey will believe in your religion inspit e of t he fact t hat a part y of t hem (Jewish rabbis) used t o hear t he Word of Allah (t he Tawrah), t hen t hey used t o change it knowingly aft er t hey underst ood it ) (76. And when t hey (Jews) meet t hose who believe (Muslims), t hey say, "We believe,'' but when t hey meet one anot her in privat e, t hey say, "Shall you (Jews) t ell t hem (Muslims) what Allah has revealed t o you t hat t hey (Muslims) may argue wit h you (Jews) about it before your Lord'' Have you (Jews) t hen no underst anding) (77. Know t hey (Jews) not t hat Allah knows what t hey conceal and what t hey reveal)

There was little Hope that the Jews Who lived during the Time of the Prophet could have believed Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇トわ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Do you covet ) O believers,

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺぴ

(That t hey will believe in your religion) meaning, t hat t hese people would obey you They are t he deviant sect of Jews whose fat hers wit nessed t he clear signs but t heir heart s became hard aft erwards. Allah said next ,

ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ∠ ⇒∠ヤミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥プゲあ エ ∠ Α⊥ (Inspit e of t he fact t hat a part y of t hem (Jewish rabbis) used t o hear t he Word of Allah (t he Tawrah), t hen t hey used t o change it ) meaning, dist ort it s meaning,

びロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤボ∠ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョぴ (aft er t hey underst ood it ). They underst ood well, yet t hey used t o defy t he t rut h,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (knowingly), being fully aware of t heir erroneous int erpret at ions and corrupt ion. This st at ement is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒ｚレバ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ⇒∠んΒあョ ユ͡ヰツ ͡ ∇ボル∠ ゅ∠ヨら͡ プ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ バ͡ ッ ͡ ヲ∠ ョｚ リ∠ハ ユ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲあ エ ∠ Α⊥ る⇔ Β∠ シ ͡ ゅ∠ホ (So, because of t heir violat ion of t heir covenant , We cursed t hem and made t heir heart s grow hard. They change t he words from t heir (right ) places) (5:13). Qat adah comment ed t hat Allah's st at ement ;

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤボ∠ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥プゲあ エ ∠ Α⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then t hey used t o change it knowingly aft er t hey underst ood it ) "They are t he Jews who used t o hear Allah's Words and t hen alt er t hem aft er t hey underst ood and comprehended t hem.'' Also, Muj ahid said, "Those who used t o alt er it and conceal it s t rut hs; t hey were t heir scholars.'' Also, Ibn Wahb said t hat Ibn Zayd comment ed,

びヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥プゲあ エ ∠ Α⊥ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ∠ ⇒∠ヤミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ぴ

(used t o hear t he Word of Allah (t he Tawrah), t hen t hey used t o change it ) "They alt ered t he Tawrah t hat Allah revealed t o t hem, making it say t hat t he lawful is unlawful and t he prohibit ed is allowed, and t hat what is right is false and t hat what is false is right . So when a person seeking t he t rut h comes t o t hem wit h a bribe, t hey j udge his case by t he Book of Allah, but when a person comes t o t hem seeking t o do evil wit h a bribe, t hey t ake out t he ot her (dist ort ed) book, in which it is st at ed t hat he is in t he right . When someone comes t o t hem who is not seeking what is right , nor offering t hem bribe, t hen t hey enj oin right eousness on him. This is why Allah said t o t hem,

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ レ∠ゎヱ∠ ゲあ ら͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わゎ∠ (Enj oin you Al-Birr (piet y and right eousness and every act of obedience t o Allah) on t he people and you forget (t o pract ise it ) yourselves, while you recit e t he Script ure (t he Tawrah)! Have you t hen no sense) (2:44)''

The Jews knew the Truth of the Prophet , but disbelieved in Him Allah said next ,

Κ ∠カ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲャ⊥ゅ∠ホ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ボャ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ (And when t hey (Jews) meet t hose who believe (Muslims), t hey say, "We believe'', but when t hey meet one anot her in privat e..). Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed,

びゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ボャ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t hey (Jews) meet t hose who believe (Muslims), t hey say, "We believe'') "They believe t hat Muhammad is t he Messenger of Allah, ` But he was only sent for you (Arabs)''' However, when t hey meet each ot her t hey say, "Do not convey t he news about t his Prophet t o t he Arabs, because you used t o ask Allah t o grant you vict ory over t hem when he came, but he was sent t o t hem (not t o you).'' Allah t hen revealed,

Κ ∠カ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ボャ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ウ ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ヰル∠ ヲ⊥をあギエ ∠ ゎ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ミヲぁィべ∠エΒ⊥ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (And when t hey (Jews) meet t hose who believe (Muslims), t hey say, "We believe,'' but when t hey meet one anot her in privat e, t hey say, "Shall you (Jews) t ell t hem (Muslims) what Allah has revealed t o you, t hat t hey (Muslims) may argue wit h you (Jews) about it before your Lord'') meaning, "If you admit t o t hem t hat he is a Prophet , knowing t hat Allah t ook t he covenant from you t o follow him, t hey will know t hat Muhammad is t he Prophet t hat we were wait ing for and whose coming we find foret old of in our Book. Therefore, do not believe in him and deny him.'' Allah said,

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲジ ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ヤ∇バΑ⊥ (Know t hey (Jews) not t hat Allah knows what t hey conceal and what t hey reveal). Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "When t he Jews met t he believers t hey used t o say, ` We believe.' When t hey met each ot her, some of t hem would say, ` Do not t alk t o t he companions of Muhammad about what Allah has foret old in your Book, so t hat t he news (t hat Muhammad is t he Final Messenger) does not become a proof for t hem against you wit h your Lord, and, t hus, you will win t he disput e.''' Furt her, Abu Al-` Aliyah said about Allah's st at ement ,

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲジ ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ヤ∇バΑ⊥ (Know t hey (Jews) not t hat Allah knows what t hey conceal and what t hey reveal), "Meaning t heir secret denial and rej ect ion of Muhammad, alt hough t hey find his coming recorded in t heir Book.'' This is also t he Tafsir of Qat adah. Al-Hasan comment ed on,

びラ ∠ ヱぁゲジ ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ぴ (That Allah knows what t hey conceal), "What t hey concealed refers t o when t hey were alone wit h each ot her away from t he Companions of Muhammad . Then t hey would forbid each ot her from conveying t he news t hat Allah revealed t o t hem in t heir Book t o t he Companions of Muhammad , fearing t hat t he Companions would use t his news (about t he t rut h of Muhammad ) against t hem before t heir Lord.''

び∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ヤ∇バΑ⊥ ゅョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And what t hey reveal) meaning, when t hey said t o t he Companions of Muhammad ,

びゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ぴ (We believe), as Abu Al-` Aliyah, Ar-Rabi` and Qat adah st at ed.

∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ヴ ｚ ル͡ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁΒョあ ぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲぁレヌ ⊥ Α∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αほ∠よ͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ モ ∀ ∇Αヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ モ ∀ ∇Αヲ∠ プ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ゅ⇔レヨ∠ を∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲ∠わ∇ゼ∠Β͡ャ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ モ ∀ ∇Αヱ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろら∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚヨョあ (78. And t here are among t hem (Jews) ` Ummyyun (unlet t ered) people, who know not t he Book, but t hey t rust upon Amani (false desires) and t hey but guess.) (79. Then woe t o t hose who writ e t he book wit h t heir own hands and t hen say, "This is from Allah,'' t o purchase wit h it a lit t le price! Woe t o t hem for what t heir hands have writ t en and woe t o t hem for t hat t hey earn t hereby.)

The Meaning of ` Ummi Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲぁΒョあ ぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t here are among t hem Ummyyun people) meaning, among t he People of t he Book, as Muj ahid st at ed. Ummyyun, is plural for Ummi, t hat is, a person who does not writ e, as Abu Al` Aliyah, Ar-Rabi` , Qat adah, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i and ot hers said. This meaning is clarified by Allah's st at ement ,

びょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ (Who know not t he Book) meaning, are t hey not aware of what is in it .

Ummi was one of t he descript ions of t he Prophet because he was unlet t ered. For inst ance, Allah said,

ヮ⊥ ぁトガ ⊥ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わゎ∠ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤト ͡ ∇らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠ゎ∇ケΙ ｚ や⇔ク͡ま マ ∠ レ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ (Neit her did you (O Muhammad ) read any book before it (t his Qur'an) nor did you writ e any book (what soever) wit h your right hand. In t hat case, indeed, t he followers of falsehood might have doubt ed) (29:48). Also, t he Prophet said,

や∠グム∠ ワ ゲ⊥ ∇ヰｚゼャや ∩⊥ょジ ͡ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ょ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムル∠ ゅ∠ャ ∀るΒｚ ョあ ぺ⊥ ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま» «や∠グム∠ ワ∠ヱ や∠グム∠ ワ∠ヱ (We are an Ummi nat ion, neit her writ ing nor calculat ing. The (lunar) mont h is like t his, t his and t his (i.e. t hirt y or t went y-nine days.) This Hadit h st at ed t hat Muslims do not need t o rely on books, or calculat ions t o decide t he t imings of t heir act s of worship. Allah also said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ リ ∠ ΒあΒョあ Ε ⊥ や ヴ͡プ ゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He it is Who sent among t he Ummiyyin ones a Messenger (Muhammad ) from among t hemselves) (62:2).

The Explanation of Amani Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びヴ ｚ ル͡ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (But t hey t rust upon Amani) means, "It is j ust a false st at ement t hat t hey ut t er wit h t heir t ongues.'' It was also said t hat Amani means ` wishes and hopes'. Muj ahid comment ed, "Allah described t he Ummiyyin as not underst anding any of t he Book t hat Allah sent down t o Musa, yet t hey creat e lies and falsehood.'' Therefore, t he word Amani ment ioned here refers t o lying and falsehood. Muj ahid said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲぁレヌ ⊥ Α∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey but guess) means, "They lie.'' Qat adah, Abu Al-` Aliyah and Ar-Rabi` said t hat it means, "They have evil false ideas about Allah.''

Woe unto Those Criminals among the Jews Allah said,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αほ∠よ͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲら⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ モ ∀ ∇Αヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ゅ⇔レヨ∠ を∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲ∠わ∇ゼ∠Β͡ャ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ (Then Waylun (woe) t o t hose who writ e t he book wit h t heir own hands and t hen say, "This is from Allah,'' t o purchase wit h it a lit t le price!). This is anot her cat egory of people among t he Jews who called t o misguidance wit h falsehood and lies about Allah, t hriving on unj ust ly amassing people's propert y. ` Waylun (woe)' carries meanings of dest ruct ion and perishing, and it is a well-known word in t he Arabic language. AzZuhri said t hat ` Ubadydullah bin ` Abdullah narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "O Muslims! How could you ask t he People of t he Book about anyt hing, while t he Book of Allah (Qur'an) t hat He revealed t o His Prophet is t he most recent Book from Him and you st ill read it fresh and young Allah t old you t hat t he People of t he Book alt ered t he Book of Allah, changed it and wrot e anot her book wit h t heir own hands. They t hen said, ` This book is from Allah,' so t hat t hey acquired a small profit by it . Hasn't t he knowledge t hat came t o you prohibit ed you from asking t hem By Allah! We have not seen any of t hem asking you about what was revealed t o you.'' This Hadit h was also collect ed by Al-Bukhari. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "The lit t le amount here means t his life and all t hat it cont ains.'' Allah's st at ement ,

ゅｚヨョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ モ ∀ ∇Αヱ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろら∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ モ ∀ ∇Αヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ (Woe t o t hem for what t heir hands have writ t en and woe t o t hem for t hat t hey earn t hereby) means, "Woe t o t hem because of what t hey have writ t en wit h t heir own hands, t he lies, falsehood and alt erat ions. Woe t o t hem because of t he propert y t hat t hey unj ust ly acquired.'' Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ モ ∀ ∇Αヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ

(Woe t o t hem), "Means t he t orment will be t heirs because of t he lies t hat t hey wrot e wit h t heir own hands,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ モ ∀ ∇Αヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And woe t o t hem for t hat t hey earn t hereby), which t hey unj ust ly acquired from people, be t hey commoners or ot herwise.''

∇モホ⊥ り⇔ キ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇バョｚ ゅ⇔ョゅｚΑぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠レジ ｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ∇ュぺ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ヰハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ブ ∠ ヤ͡∇ガΑ⊥ リ∠ヤプ∠ や⇔ギ∇ヰハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ ぺ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ (80. And t hey (Jews) say, "The Fire shall not t ouch us but for a few numbered days.'' Say (O Muhammad t o t hem): "Have you t aken a covenant from Allah, so t hat Allah will not break His covenant Or is it t hat you say of Allah what you know not '')

The Jews hope They will only remain in the Fire for a Few Days Allah ment ioned t he claim of t he Jews, t hat t he Fire will only t ouch t hem for a few days, and t hen t hey will be saved from it . Allah refut ed t his claim by saying,

びや⇔ギ∇ヰハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say (O Muhammad t o t hem): "Have you t aken a covenant from Allah'). Hence, t he Ayah proclaims, ` if you had a promise from Allah for t hat , t hen Allah will never break His promise. However, such promise never exist ed. Rat her, what you say, about Allah, you have no knowledge of and you t hus ut t er a lie about Him.' Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about t he Ayah,

びり⇔ キ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇バョｚ ゅ⇔ョゅｚΑぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠レジ ｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey (Jews) say, "The Fire shall not t ouch us but for a few numbered days.''). "The Jews said, ` The Fire will only t ouch us for fort y days.''' Ot hers added t hat t his was t he period during which t he Jews worshipped t he calf. Also, Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr bin Marduwyah report ed Abu Hurayrah saying,

:

«ゅ∠レヰ⊥ ワ ͡キヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ ヶ͡ャ やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ィや» .

:

«ユ⊥ミヲ⊥よぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » :

:

«ラゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥よぺ∠ ∇モよ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇よグ∠ ミ∠ » .

:

:

«ヮ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ∇ラま͡ ￢∃ ヶ∠セ ∇リハ ∠ ヶ ｚ ホ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ » : :

« ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » : :

«や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ヘ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガル∠ ゅ∠ャ ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ やヲ⊥ゃジ ∠ ∇カや» .

:

«∨⊥ヮ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ∇ラま͡ ￢∃ ヶ∠セ ∇リハ ∠ ヶ ｚ ホ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ » :

:

«∨ゅ６ヨシ ⊥ り͡ ゅｚゼャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ ヶ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ∇モワ∠ » :

:

«∨∠マャ͡ク ヴヤ∠ハ ユ⊥ムヤ∠ヨ∠ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ » : . (When Khaybar was conquered, a roast ed poisoned sheep was present ed t o t he Prophet as a gift (by t he Jews). The Messenger of Allah ordered, ` Assemble before me all t he Jews who were here.' The Jews were summoned and t he Prophet said (t o t hem), ` Who is your fat her' They replied, ` So-and-so.' He said, ` You have lied; your fat her is so-and-so.' They said, ` You have ut t ered t he t rut h.' He said, ` Will you now t ell me t he t rut h, if I ask you about somet hing' They replied, ` Yes, O Abul-Qasim; and if we should t ell a lie, you will know our lie as you have about our fat hers.' On t hat he asked, ` Who are t he people of t he (Hell) Fire' They said, ` We shall remain in t he (Hell) Fire for a short period, and aft er t hat you will replace us in it .' The Prophet said, ` May you be cursed and humiliat ed in it ! By Allah, we shall never replace you in it .' Then he asked, ` Will you t ell me t he t rut h if I ask you a quest ion' They said, ` Yes, O AbulQasim.' He asked, ` Have you poisoned t his sheep' They said, ` Yes.' He asked, ` What made you do so' They said, ` We want ed t o know if you were a liar, in which case we would get rid of you, and if you were a Prophet t hen t he poison would not harm you.') Imam Ahmad, Al-Bukhari and An-Nasa'i recorded similarly.

ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠⇒Β͡トカ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ろト ∠ ⇒∠ェぺ∠ヱ∠ る⇔ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ ょ ∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや (81. Yes! Whosoever earns evil and his sin has surrounded him, t hey are dwellers of t he Fire (i.e. Hell); t hey will dwell t herein forever). (82. And t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, t hey are dwellers of Paradise, t hey will dwell t herein forever.) Allah says, t he mat t er is not as you have wished and hoped it t o be. Rat her, whoever does an evil deed and abides purposefully in his error, coming on t he Day of Resurrect ion wit h no good deeds, only evil deeds, t hen he will be among t he people of t he Fire.

びれ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds) meaning, "They believe in Allah and His Messenger and perform t he good deeds t hat conform wit h t he Islamic Law. They shall be among t he people of Paradise.'' Allah said in a similar st at ement ,

∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ あ ル͡ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ Ι∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ Βあ レ͡ ⇒∠ョほ∠よ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゴ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ミ∠ ク∠ リ͡ョ ろ ∠ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠んル⊥ぺ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ボル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ (It will not be in accordance wit h your desires (Muslims), nor t hose of t he People of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians), whosoever works evil, will have t he recompense t hereof, and he will not find any prot ect or or helper besides Allah. And whoever does right eous good deeds, male or female, and is a (t rue) believer in t he Oneness of Allah (Muslim) , such will ent er Paradise and not t he least inj ust ice, even t he size of a Naqira (speck on t he back of a dat e st one), will be done t o t hem) (4: 123-124). Also, Abu Hurayrah, Abu Wa'il, ` At a', and Al-Hasan said t hat ,

びヮ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠⇒Β͡トカ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ろト ∠ ⇒∠ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And his sin has surrounded him) means, "His Shirk (polyt heism) has surrounded him.'' Also, AlA` mash report ed from Abu Razin t hat Ar-Rabi` bin Khut haym said,

びヮ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠⇒Β͡トカ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ろト ∠ ⇒∠ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And his sin has surrounded him), "Whoever dies before repent ing from his wrongs.'' As-Suddi and Abu Razin said similarly. Abu Al-` Aliyah, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan, Qat adah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said t hat ,

びヮ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠⇒Β͡トカ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ろト ∠ ⇒∠ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And his sin has surrounded him) refers t o maj or sins. All of t hese st at ement s carry similar meanings, and Allah knows best .

When Small Sins gather, They bring about Destruction Here we should ment ion t he Hadit h t hat Imam Ahmad recorded, in which ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ ∇バヨ͡ わ∠ ∇イΑ∠ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ルｚ ͡み∠プ ͡ゆヲ⊥ルグぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠ゲボｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡» «ヮ∠レ∇ムヤ͡∇ヰΑ⊥ ヴ∂わェ ∠ モ ͡ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや (Beware of t he belit t led sins, because t hey gat her on a person unt il t hey dest roy him.) He t hen said t hat t he Messenger of Allah gave t hem an example,

ノ⊥ Β͡レタ ∠ ゲ∠ ツ ∠ エ ∠ プ∠ ∩∃りゅ∠ヤプ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠よ͡ やヲ⊥ャゴ∠ ル∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ モ ∃ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ » キ͡ ヲ⊥バ∇ャゅ͡よ ￢⊥ ヶ͡イΒ∠ プ∠ ペ ⊥ ヤ͡ト ∠ ∇レΑ∠ モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや モ ∠ バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや や⇔キや∠ヲシ ∠ やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ∂わェ ∠ ∩͡キヲ⊥バ∇ャゅ͡よ ￢⊥ ヶ͡イΑ∠ モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや∠ヱ «ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ やヲ⊥プグ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ やヲ⊥イツ ∠ ∇ルほ∠プ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ル やヲ⊥イィ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ (This is t he example of people who set up camp on a flat land, and t hen t heir servant s came. One of t hem collect ed some wood and anot her man collect ed some wood unt il t hey collect ed a great deal. They t hen st art ed a fire and cooked what t hey put on it .) Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒプ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ (And t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, t hey are dwellers of Paradise, t hey will dwell t herein forever) "Whoever believes in what you (Jews) did not believe in and implement s what you refrained from implement ing of Muhammad's religion, shall acquire Paradise for et ernit y. Allah st at ed t hat t he recompense for good or evil works shall remain wit h it s people for et ernit y. ''

Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ク∠ヱ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ジ∇ェま͡ リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ∇ジェ ⊥ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホヱ∠ リ ͡ Β͡ム⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ

∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョぁ (83. And (remember) when We t ook a covenant from t he Children of Israel, (saying): Worship none but Allah (alone) and be dut iful and good t o parent s, and t o kindred, and t o orphans and (t he poor), and speak good t o people and perform As-Salah and give Zakah. Then you slid back, except a few of you, while you are backsliders.)

The Covenant that Allah took from the Children of Israel Allah reminded t he Children of Israel of t he commandment s t hat He gave t hem, and t he covenant s t hat He t ook from t hem t o abide by t hose commands, and how t hey int ent ionally and knowingly t urned away from all of t hat . Allah commanded t hem t o worship Him and t o associat e none wit h Him in worship, j ust as He has commanded all of His creat ures, for t his is why Allah creat ed t hem. Allah said,

ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥ル Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ (And We did not send any Messenger before you (O Muhammad ) but We revealed t o him (saying): La ilaha illa Ana none has t he right t o be worshipped but I (Allah) , so worship Me (alone and none else)) (21:25), and,

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∠れヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚト∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ (And verily, We have sent among every Ummah (communit y, nat ion) a Messenger (proclaiming): "Worship Allah (alone), and avoid t he Taghut (all false deit ies,)) (16:36). This is t he highest and most import ant right , t hat is, Allah's right t hat He be worshipped alone wit hout part ners. Aft er t hat comes t he right of t he creat ures, foremost , t he right of t he parent s. Allah usually ment ions t he right s of t he parent s along wit h His right s. For inst ance, Allah said,

びゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ マ ∠ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゲム⊥ ∇セや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ぴ (Give t hanks t o Me and t o your parent s. Unt o Me is t he final dest inat ion) (31:14). Also, Allah said,

リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒ｚΑま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔レ⇒∠ジ∇ェま͡ (And your Lord has decreed t hat you worship none but Him. And t hat you be dut iful t o your parent s) (17:23), unt il,

びモ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ｚボェ ∠ ヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠ク れ ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (And give t o t he kinsman his due and t o t he Miskin (poor) and t o t he wayfarer) (17:26). The Two Sahihs record t hat Ibn Mas` ud said,

:ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨⊥モツ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ モ∠ヨ∠バ∇ャや ヵ ぁ ぺぶ ͡ やメ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅ∠Α» «ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇ホ∠ヱ ヴヤ∠ハ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや» :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨ｘヵぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ «リ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲ∇ャや ゲぁ よ͡ » :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨ｘヵぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ «ぶや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰイ ͡ ∇ャや» (I said, ` O Messenger of Allah! What is t he best deed' He said, ` Performing t he prayer on t ime.' I said, 'Then what ' He said, ` Being kind t o one's parent s.' I said, ` Then what ' He said, ` Jihad in t he cause of Allah.') Allah t hen said,

びヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and t o orphans) meaning, t he young who have no fat hers t o fend for t hem.

びリ ⊥ Β͡ム⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and Al-Masakin (t he poor)), plural for Miskin, t he one who does not find what he needs t o spend on himself and his family. We will discuss t hese cat egories when we explain t he Ayah of Surat An-Nisa` where Allah said,

リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや∠ヱぴ びゅ⇔レ⇒∠ジ∇ェま͡ (Worship Allah and j oin none wit h Him (in worship); and do good t o parent s) (4:36). Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔レ∇ジェ ⊥ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ (and speak good t o people) meaning, say good words t o t hem and be lenient wit h t hem, t his includes commanding good and forbidding evil. Al-Hasan Al-Basri comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔レ∇ジェ ⊥ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ (and speak good t o people), ".` The good saying' means commanding good and forbidding evil, and being pat ient and forgiving. The ` good words t o people', as Allah commanded, also includes every good t ype of behavior t hat Allah is pleased wit h.'' Imam Ahmad narrat ed t hat Abu Dharr said t hat t he Prophet said,

ペ ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プ ∇ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ｚ ゲ∠ ボ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ペ͡ヤト ∠ ∇レョ⊥ ヮ∃ ∇ィヲ∠ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゅ∠カぺ∠ (Do not belit t le any form of right eousness, and even if you did not find any good deed except meet ing your brot her wit h a smiling face, t hen do so.) This Hadit h was also collect ed by Muslim in his Sahih and At -Tirmidhi, who graded it Sahih.

Allah commands t he servant s t o say good words t o people, aft er He commanded t hem t o be kind t o t hem, t hereby ment ioning t wo cat egories of manners: good speech and good act ions. He t hen emphasized t he command t o worship Him and t he command t o do good, ordaining t he prayer and t he Zakah,

びり∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎへ∠ヱ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and perform As-Salah and give Zakah). Allah informed us t hat t he People of t he Book, except for a few among t hem, ignored t hese orders, t hat is, t hey knowingly and int ent ionally abandoned t hem. Allah ordered t his Ummah similarly in Surat An-Nisa' when He said,

リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや∠ヱぴ リ ͡ Β͡ム⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡グよ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ジ∇ェま͡ ょ ͡ エ ͡ ⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ レ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ク ケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ͡ ∇よやヱ∠ ょ ͡ ∇レイ ∠ ャゅ͡よ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ガプ∠ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠わ∇ガョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ (Worship Allah and j oin none wit h Him (in worship); and do good t o parent s, kinsfolk, orphans, Al-Masakin (t he poor), t he neighbor who is near of kin, t he neighbor who is a st ranger, t he companion by your side, t he wayfarer (you meet ), and t hose (servant s) whom your right hands possess. Verily, Allah does not like such as are proud and boast ful) (4:36). Of t hese orders, t his Ummah has pract iced what no ot her nat ion before it has, and all praise is due t o Allah.

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢͡ べ∠ョキ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムヘ͡ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ケゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ｚユを⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヰ∠ ⇒∠ヌゎ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リあョ ユ⊥ムレあョ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠シぺ⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ラ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ギバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユ͡ ∇をΗ ͡ ゅ͡よ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽわ⊥ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ⊥ や∠ゲ∇カま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ュゲｚ ∠エョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥ギ⇒∠ヘゎ⊥ リ∠ョ ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヂ ͡ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅΒ∠ ∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∀ン∇ゴ͡カ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ マ ∠ ャ͡ク モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ モ ∃ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ピよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ャ∂や ギあ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁキゲ∠ Α⊥ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇セや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ブ ⊥ ｚヘガ ∠ Α⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α (84. And (remember) when We t ook your covenant (saying): Shed not t he blood of your (people), nor t urn out your own people from t heir dwellings. Then, (t his) you rat ified and (t o t his) you bore wit ness.) (85. Aft er t his, it is you who kill one anot her and drive out a part y of you from t heir homes, assist (t heir enemies) against t hem, in sin and t ransgression. And if t hey come t o you as capt ives, you ransom t hem, alt hough t heir expulsion was forbidden t o you. Then do you believe in a part of t he Book and rej ect t he rest Then what is t he recompense of t hose who do so among you, except disgrace in t he life of t his world, and on t he Day of Resurrect ion t hey shall be consigned t o t he most grievous t orment . And Allah is not unaware of what you do.) (86. Those are t hey who have bought t he life of t his world at t he price of t he Hereaft er. Their t orment shall not be light ened nor shall t hey be helped.)

The Terms of the Covenant and their Breach of It Allah crit icized t he Jews who lived in Al-Madinah during t he t ime of t he Messenger of Allah . They used t o suffer, because of t he armed conflict s bet ween t he t ribes of Al-Madinah, Aws and Khazraj . Before Islam, t he Aws and Khazraj worshipped idols, and many bat t les t ook place bet ween t hem. There were t hree Jewish t ribes in Al-Madinah at t hat t ime, Banu Qaynuqa` and Banu An-Nadir, t he allies of t he Khazraj , and Banu Qurayzah, who used t o be t he allies of t he Aws. When war erupt ed bet ween Aws and Khazraj , t heir Jewish allies would assist t hem. The Jew would kill his Arab enemy, and somet imes t hey also killed Jews who were t he allies of t he ot her Arab t ribe, alt hough t he Jews were prohibit ed from killing each ot her according t o clear religious t ext s in t heir Books. They would also drive each ot her from t heir homes and loot what ever furnit ure and money t hey could. When t he war ended, t he vict orious Jews would release t he prisoners from t he defeat ed part y, according t o t he rulings of t he Tawrah. This is why Allah said,

びヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヂ ͡ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽわ⊥ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Then do you believe in a part of t he Script ure and rej ect t he rest ) Allah said,

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢͡ べ∠ョキ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムヘ͡ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ (And (remember) when We t ook your covenant (saying): Shed not t he blood of your (people), nor t urn out your own people from t heir dwellings.) meaning, "Do not kill each ot her, nor expel one anot her from t heir homes, nor part icipat e in fight ing against t hem.'' Allah ment ioned t he word ` your own' here, j ust as He said in anot her Ayah.

∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠よ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥よヲ⊥わプ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ も͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠よ ギ∠ レ͡ハ (So t urn in repent ance t o your Creat or and kill yourselves, t hat will be bet t er for you wit h your Creat or) (2:54) because t he followers of one religion are j ust like one soul. Also, t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ェ ⊥ や∠ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ キあ や∠ヲゎ∠ ヶ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ » ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヴム∠わ∇セや や∠クま͡ ギ͡ ェ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや ギ͡ ジ ∠イ ∠ ∇ャや る͡ ャ∠ゴ͡ ∇レヨ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡タ ⊥ や∠ヲゎ∠ ヱ∠ «ゲ∠ヰジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ヴｚヨエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ギ͡ ジ ∠イ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠シ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ハや∠ギゎ∠ ∀ヲ∇ツハ ⊥ (The example of t he believers in t heir kindness, mercy and sympat hy t o each ot her is t he example of one body, when an organ of it falls ill, t he rest of t he body rushes t o it s aid in fever and sleeplessness.) Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヱギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ケゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then, (t his) you rat ified and (t o t his) you bore wit ness.) means, "You t est ified t hat you know of t he covenant and t hat you were wit nesses t o it .''

ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リあョ ユ⊥ムレあョ (Aft er t his, it is you who kill one anot her and drive out a part y of you from t heir homes). Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah,

ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リあョ ユ⊥ムレあョ (Aft er t his, it is you who kill one anot her and drive out a part y of you from t heir homes) "Allah ment ioned what t hey were doing, and t hat in t he Tawrah He had prohibit ed t hem from shedding each ot her's blood, and required t hem t o free t heir prisoners. Now t hey were divided int o t wo camps in Al-Madinah, Banu Qaynuqa` , who were t he allies of t he Khazraj , and AnNadir and Qurayzah, who were t he allies of t he Aws. When fight ing erupt ed bet ween Aws and Khazraj , Banu Qaynuqa` would fight along wit h t he Khazraj , while Banu An-Nadir and Qurayzah would fight along wit h t he Aws. Each Jewish camp would fight against t heir Jewish bret hren from t he ot her camp. They would shed each ot her's blood, alt hough t hey had t he Tawrah wit h t hem, and t hey knew t heir right s and dues. Meanwhile, t he Aws and Khazraj were polyt heist s who worshipped idols. They did not know about Paradise, t he Fire, Resurrect ion, Divine Books t he lawful and prohibit ed. When t he war would end, t he Jews would ransom t heir prisoners and implement t he Tawrah. Consequent ly, Banu Qaynuqa` would ransom t heir prisoners who were capt ured by t he Aws, while Banu An-Nadir and Qurayzah would ransom t heir prisoners who were capt ured by t he Khazraj . They would also ask for blood money. During t hese wars, t hey would kill whomever (Jews or Arabs) t hey could, while helping t he polyt heist s against t heir bret hren. Therefore, Allah reminded t hem of t his when He said,

びヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヂ ͡ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽわ⊥ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Then do you believe in a part of t he Script ure and rej ect t he rest ) This Ayah means, ` Do you ransom t hem according t o t he rulings of t he Tawrah, yet kill t hem while t he Tawrah forbade you from killing t hem and from expelling t hem from t heir homes The Tawrah also commanded t hat you should not aid t he polyt heist s and t hose who associat e wit h Allah in t he worship against your bret hren. You do all t his t o acquire t he life of t his world.' I was informed t hat t he behavior of t he Jews regarding t he Aws and Khazraj was t he reason behind revealing t hese Ayat .'' These noble Ayat crit icized t he Jews for implement ing t he Tawrah somet imes and defying it at ot her t imes, alt hough t hey believed in t he Tawrah and knew what t hey were doing was wrong. This is why t hey should not be t rust ed t o preserve or convey t he Tawrah. Furt her, t hey should not be believed when it comes t o t he descript ion of t he Messenger of Allah , his coming, his expulsion from his land, and his Hij rah, and t he rest of t he informat ion t hat t he previous Prophet s informed t hem about him, all of which t hey hid. The Jews, may t hey suffer t he curse of Allah, hid all of t hese fact s among t hemselves, and t his is why Allah said,

ヶ͡プ ∀ン∇ゴ͡カ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ マ ∠ ャ͡ク モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョ ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや (Then what is t he recompense of t hose who do so among you, except disgrace in t he life of t his world), because t hey defied Allah's Law and commandment s,

びゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ャ∂や ギあ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁキゲ∠ Α⊥ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And on t he Day of Resurrect ion t hey shall be consigned t o t he most grievous t orment ) as punishment for defying t he Book of Allah t hat t hey had.

∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇セや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ほル∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ モ ∃ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ピよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びり͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや (And Allah is not unaware of what you do. Those are t hey who have bought t he life of t his world at t he price of t he Hereaft er) meaning, t hey prefer t his life t o t he Hereaft er. Therefore,

びゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ブ ⊥ ｚヘガ ∠ Α⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Their t orment shall not be light ened) not even for an hour,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Nor shall t hey be helped), and t hey shall find no helper who will save t hem from t he et ernal t orment t hey will suffer, nor shall t hey find any t o grant t hem refuge from it .

ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇Βヘｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ギΑｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢∠ヱ モ ͡シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャゅ͡よ ン∠ヲ∇ヰ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ヨヤｚム⊥ プ∠ ぺ∠ サ ͡ ギ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ャや ゥ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲよ͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇よグｚ ミ∠ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲヘ∠ プ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや ユ⊥ムジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ (87. And indeed, We gave Musa t he Book and followed him up wit h a succession of Messengers. And We gave ` Isa, t he son of Maryam, clear signs and support ed him wit h Ruh-il-Qudus. Is it t hat whenever t here came t o you a Messenger wit h what you yourselves desired not , you grew arrogant Some you disbelieved and some you killed.)

The Arrogance of the Jews who denied and killed Their Prophets

and desires. Allah ment ioned t hat He gave Musa t he Book, t he Tawrah, and t hat t he Jews changed, dist ort ed, and defied it s commands, as well as alt ered it s meanings. Allah sent Messengers and Prophet s aft er Musa who followed his law, as Allah st at ed,

び∀ケヲ⊥ルヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ り∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べｚル͡まぴ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇ェΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲぁΒル͡ ゅｚよゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わミ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヌ͡ヘ∇エわ⊥ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨよ͡ び￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ (Verily, We did reveal t he Tawrah (t o Musa), t herein was guidance and light , by which t he Prophet s, who submit t ed t hemselves t o Allah's will, j udged for t he Jews. And t he rabbis and t he priest s (t oo j udged for t he Jews by t he Tawrah aft er t hose Prophet s), for t o t hem was ent rust ed t he prot ect ion of Allah's Book, and t hey were wit nesses t heret o) (5:44). This is why Allah said here,

びモ ͡シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャゅ͡よ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇Βヘｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Qaffayna him wit h Messengers). As-Suddi said t hat Abu Malik said t hat Qaffayna means, "Succeeded'', while ot hers said, "Followed". Bot h meanings are plausible, since Allah said,

びン∠ゲ∇わゎ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then We sent Our Messengers in succession) (23:44). Thereaft er, Allah sent t he last Prophet among t he Children of Israel, ` Isa t he son of Mary, who was sent wit h some laws t hat differed wit h some in t he Tawrah. This is why Allah also sent miracles t o support ` Isa. These included bringing t he dead back t o life, forming t he shape of birds from clay and blowing int o t hem, aft erwhich t hey became living birds by Allah's leave, healing t he sick and foret elling t he Unseen, as Ibn ` Abbas st at ed. Allah also aided him wit h Ruh Al-Qudus, and t hat refers t o Jibril. All of t hese signs t est ified t o t he t rut hfulness of ` Isa and what he was sent wit h. Yet , t he Children of Israel became more defiant and envious of him and did not want t o differ wit h even one part of t he Tawrah, as Allah said about ` Isa,

∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ∠ ゲあ ェ ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚや ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ムャ∠ モ ｚェ ͡Ι ｘ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ る∃ Α∠ ほ∠ よ͡ (And t o make lawful t o you part of what was forbidden t o you, and I have come t o you wit h a proof from your Lord) (3:50). Hence, t he Children of Israel t reat ed t he Prophet s in t he worst manner, rej ect ing some of t hem and killing some of t hem. All of t his occurred because t he Prophet s used t o command t he Jews wit h what differed from t heir desires and opinions. The Prophet s also upheld t he rulings of t he Tawrah t hat t he Jews had changed, and t his is why it was difficult for t hem t o believe in t hese Prophet s. Therefore, t hey rej ect ed t he Prophet s and killed some of t hem. Allah said,

ユ⊥ムジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ン∠ヲ∇ヰゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ヨヤｚム⊥ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇よグｚ ミ∠ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲヘ∠ プ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや (Is it t hat whenever t here came t o you a Messenger wit h what you yourselves desired not ,you grew arrogant Some you disbelieved and some you kill).

Jibril is Ruh Al-Qudus The proof t hat Jibril is t he Ruh Al-Qudus is t he st at ement of Ibn Mas` ud in explanat ion of t his Ayah. This is also t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, Muhammad bin Ka` b, Isma` il bin Khalid, As-Suddi, ArRabi` bin Anas, ` At iyah Al-` Awfi and Qat adah. Addit ionally, Allah said,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ -リ ⊥ Β͡ョΙ ｘやゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや ヮ͡ よ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ケグ͡ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Which t he t rust wort hy Ruh (Jibril) has brought down. Upon your heart (O Muhammad ) t hat you may be (one) of t he warners) (26:193-194). Al-Bukhari recorded ` A'ishah saying t hat t he Messenger of Allah erect ed a Minbar in t he Masj id on which Hassan bin Thabit (t he renowned poet ) used t o defend t he Messenger of Allah (wit h his poems). The Messenger of Allah said,

∇リハ ∠ ウ ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ル ゅ∠ヨミ∠ サ ͡ ギ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ャや ゥ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲよ͡ ラ ∠ ゅｚジェ ∠ ∇ギΑあ ぺ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» «マあΒ͡ら∠ル

(O Allah! Aid Hassan wit h Ruh Al-Qudus, for he defended Your Prophet .) Abu Dawud recorded t his Hadit h in his Sunan as did At -Tirmidhi who graded it Hasan Sahih. Furt her, Ibn Hibban recorded in his Sahih t hat Ibn Mas` ud said t hat t he Prophet said,

れ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ∇リャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ヶ͡ハヱ⊥ケ ヶ͡プ ゑ ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ サ ͡ ギ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ャや ゥ ∠ ヱ⊥ケ ラ ｚ ま͡» ぶ ∠ や やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ ∩ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ィ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰホ∠ ∇コケ͡ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル «ょ∠ヤト ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ (Ruh Al-Qudus informed me t hat no soul shall die unt il it finishes it s set provisions and t erm limit . Therefore, have Taqwa of Allah and seek your sust enance in t he most suit able way.)

The Jews tried to kill the Prophet Az-Zamakhshari comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇よグｚ ミ∠ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲヘ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Some you disbelieved and some you kill), "Allah did not say ` killed' here, because t he Jews would st ill t ry t o kill t he Prophet in t he fut ure, using poison and magic.'' During t he illness t hat preceded his deat h, t he Prophet said,

ラ ⊥ や∠ヱぺ∠ や∠グヰ∠プ ∩ヶ͡ルキ⊥ ヱ͡ ゅ∠バゎ⊥ ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇Βカ ∠ る⊥ ヤ∠∇ミぺ∠ ∇ろャ∠や∠コ ゅ∠ョ» «ヵ͡ゲヰ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ネ ͡ ゅ∠トボ͡ ∇ルや (I kept feeling t he effect of what I at e (from t he poisoned sheep) during t he day of Khaybar, unt il now, when it is t he t ime t hat t he aort a will be cut off (meaning when deat h is near).) This Hadit h was collect ed by Al-Bukhari and ot hers

Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤボ∠ プ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ｚャ モ∠よ ∀ブ∇ヤビ ⊥ ゅ∠レよ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅｚョ (88. And t hey say, "Our heart s are Ghulf.'' Nay, Allah has cursed t hem for t heir disbelief, so lit t le is t hat which t hey believe.)

Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

び∀ブ∇ヤビ ⊥ ゅ∠レよ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey say, "Our heart s are Ghulf.''), means, "Our heart s are screened.'' Muj ahid also said t hat ,

び∀ブ∇ヤビ ⊥ ゅ∠レよ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey say, "Our heart s are Ghulf.''), means, "They are covered.''` Ikrimah said, "There is a st amp on t hem.'' Abu Al-` Aliyah said, "They do not comprehend.'' Muj ahid and Qat adah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas read t he Ayah in a way t hat means, "Our heart s cont ain every t ype of knowledge and do not need t he knowledge t hat you (O Muhammad) have.'' This is t he opinion of ` At a' and Ibn ` Abbas.

び∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ｚャ モ∠よぴ (Nay, Allah has cursed t hem for t heir disbelief) meaning, "Allah expelled t hem and deprived t hem of every t ype of right eousness.'' Qat adah said t hat t he Ayah,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So lit t le is t hat which t hey believe.) means, "Only a few of t hem believe.'' Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ブ∇ヤビ ⊥ ゅ∠レよ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey say, "Our heart s are Ghulf .'') is similar t o His st at ement ,

びヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ る∃ レｚ ミ͡ ぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レよ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey say: "Our heart s are under coverings (screened) from t hat t o which you invit e us) (41:5). This is why Allah said here,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤボ∠ プ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ｚャ モ∠よぴ

(Nay, Allah has cursed t hem for t heir disbelief, so lit t le is t hat which t hey believe.) meaning, "It is not as t hey claim. Rat her, t heir heart s are cursed and st amped,'' j ust as Allah said in Surat An-Nisa' (4:155),

∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ノ∠ ら∠ デ ∠ ∇モよ∠ ∀ブ∇ヤビ ⊥ ゅ∠レよ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ (And of t heir saying: "Our heart s are wrapped (wit h coverings, i.e. we do not underst and what t he Messengers say) nay, Allah has set a seal upon t heir heart s because of t heir disbelief, so t hey believe not but a lit t le.) There is a difference of opinion regarding t he meaning of Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So lit t le is t hat which t hey believe.) and His st at ement ,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So t hey believe not except a few). Some scholars said t hat t he Ayat indicat e t hat a few of t hem would believe, or t hat t heir fait h is minut e, because t hey believe in Resurrect ion and in Allah's reward and punishment t hat Musa foret old. Yet , t his fait h will not benefit t hem since it is overshadowed by t heir disbelief in what Muhammad brought t hem. Some scholars said t hat t he Jews did not act ually believe in anyt hing and t hat Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So lit t le is t hat which t hey believe), meaning, t hey do not believe. This meaning is similar t o t he Arabic expression, "Hardly have I seen anyt hing like t his,'' meaning, "I have never seen anyt hing like t his.''

ゅ∠ヨャあ ∀ベギあ ∠ダョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べィ ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エわ͡ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る⊥ レ∠ ∇バヤ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠

(89. And when t here came t o t hem (t he Jews), a Book (t his Qur'an) from Allah confirming what is wit h t hem (t he Tawrah) and t he Inj il (Gospel), alt hough aforet ime t hey had invoked Allah (for t he coming of Muhammad ) in order t o gain vict ory over t hose who disbelieved, t hen when t here came t o t hem t hat which t hey had recognised, t hey disbelieved in it . So let t he curse of Allah be on t he disbelievers.)

The Jews were awaiting the Prophet's coming, but They disbelieved in Him when He was sent Allah said,

びユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t here came t o t hem) meaning, t he Jews,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミぴ (a Book from Allah) meaning, t he Qur'an t hat Allah sent down t o Muhammad,

び∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ∀ベギあ ∠ダョ⊥ ぴ (confirming what is wit h t hem) meaning, t he Tawrah. Furt her, Allah said,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エわ͡ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (alt hough aforet ime t hey had invoked Allah (for coming of Muhammad ) in order t o gain vict ory over t hose who disbelieved) meaning, before t his Messenger came t o t hem, t hey used t o ask Allah t o aid t hem by his arrival, against t heir polyt heist ic enemies in war. They used t o say t o t he polyt heist s, "A Prophet shall be sent j ust before t he end of t his world and we, along wit h him, shall ext erminat e you, j ust as t he nat ions of ` Ad and Iram were ext erminat ed.'' Also, Muhammad bin Ishaq narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Jews used t o invoke Allah (for t he coming of Muhammad ) in order t o gain vict ory over t he Aws and Khazraj , before t he Prophet was sent . When Allah sent him t o t he Arabs, t hey rej ect ed him and denied what t hey used t o say about him. Hence, Mu` adh bin Jabal and Bishr bin Al-Bara' bin Ma` rur, from Bani Salamah, said t o t hem, ` O Jews! Fear Allah and embrace Islam. You used t o invoke Allah for t he coming of Muhammad when we were st ill disbelievers and you used t o t ell us t hat he would come and describe him t o us,' Salam bin Mushkim from Bani An-Nadir replied, ` He did not bring anyt hing t hat we recognize. He is not t he Prophet we t old you about .' Allah t hen revealed t his Ayah about t heir st at ement ,

ゅ∠ヨャあ ∀ベギあ ∠ダョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ (And when t here came t o t hem (t he Jews), a Book (t his Qur'an) from Allah confirming what is wit h t hem (t he Tawrah) and t he Inj il (Gospel)).''' Abu Al-` Aliyah said, "The Jews used t o ask Allah t o send Muhammad so t hat t hey would gain vict ory over t he Arab disbelievers. They used t o say, ` O Allah! Send t he Prophet t hat we read about - in t he Tawrah - so t hat we can t orment and kill t he disbelievers alongside him.' When Allah sent Muhammad and t hey saw t hat he was not one of t hem, t hey rej ect ed him and envied t he Arabs, even t hough t hey knew t hat he was t he Messenger of Allah. Hence, Allah said,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る⊥ レ∠ ∇バヤ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (Then when t here came t o t hem t hat which t hey had recognized, t hey disbelieved in it . So let t he curse of Allah be on t he disbelievers). ''

メ ∠ ゴ∠ ルぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ わ∠ ∇セや ゅ∠ヨジ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ぴ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ゅ⇔Β∇ピよ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ツ ∠ ビ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ょ ∃ ツ ∠ ピ∠ よ͡ ヱ⊥￢べ∠らプ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ び ∀リΒ͡ヰョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ (90. How bad is t hat for which t hey have sold t heir own selves, t hat t hey should disbelieve in t hat which Allah has revealed (t he Qur'an), grudging t hat Allah should reveal of His grace unt o whom He wills of His servant s. So t hey have drawn on t hemselves wrat h upon wrat h. And for t he disbelievers, t here is disgracing t orment .) Muj ahid said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ わ∠ ∇セや ゅ∠ヨジ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ぴ (How bad is t hat for which t hey have sold t heir own selves), "The Jews sold t he t rut h for falsehood and hid t he t rut h about Muhammad .'' As-Suddi said t hat t he Ayah,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ わ∠ ∇セや ゅ∠ヨジ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ぴ (How bad is t hat for which t hey have sold t heir own selves) means, "The Jews sold t hemselves.'' meaning, what is worse is what t hey chose for t hemselves by disbelieving in what Allah revealed t o Muhammad inst ead of believing, aiding and support ing him. This behavior of t heirs is t he result of t heir inj ust ice, envy and hat red,

∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺぴ びロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ (grudging t hat Allah should reveal of His grace unt o whom He wills of His servant s). '' There is no envy worse t han t his. Therefore,

びょ ∃ ツ ∠ ビ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ょ ∃ ツ ∠ ピ∠ よ͡ ヱ⊥￢べ∠らプ∠ ぴ (So t hey have drawn on t hemselves wrat h upon wrat h). Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t his Ayah, "Allah became angry wit h t hem because t hey ignored some of t he Tawrah and disbelieved in t he Prophet t hat He sent t o t hem.'' I (Ibn Kat hir) say t hat t he meaning of,

びやヱ⊥￢ゅ∠よぴ (And t hey drew on t hemselves) is t hat t hey deserved and acquired mult iplied anger. Also, Abu Al-` Aliyah said, "Allah became angry wit h t hem, because of t heir disbelief in t he Inj il and ` Isa and He became angry wit h t hem again, because t hey disbelieved in Muhammad and t he Qur'an.'' Similar was said by ` Ikrimah and Qat adah. Allah said,

び∀リΒ͡ヰョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And for t he disbelievers, t here is disgracing t orment ). Since t heir disbelief was a result of t heir t ransgression and envy, which was caused by arrogance, t hey were punished wit h disgrace and humiliat ion in t his world and t he Hereaft er. Similarly, Allah said,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ シ ∠ ヴ͡ゎキ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡ キ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ (Verily, t hose who scorn My worship (i.e. do not invoke Me, and do not believe in My Oneness) t hey will surely ent er Hell in humiliat ion!'') (40:60) meaning, "Disgraced, degraded and

humiliat ed.'' Imam Ahmad narrat ed t hat ` Amr bin Shu` ayb said t hat his fat her said t hat his grandfat her said t hat t he Prophet said,

ヶプ͡ ケあ グｚ ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ん∇ョぺ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲらあ ム∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ゼ ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ » ケ͡ ゅ∠ピダ あ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤ∇バΑ∠ ∩͡サゅｚレャや ケ͡ ヲ∠ タ ⊥ ザ ⊥ ャ∠∇ヲよ∠ .ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ⇔レ∇イ͡シ やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠らガ ∠ ∇ャや る͡ レ∠ Β͡デ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ∠ボ∇ジΑ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルほ∠∇ャや ケ⊥ ゅ∠ル ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤ∇バゎ∠ «ケゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ り͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠ダハ ⊥ (The arrogant people will be gat hered on t he Day of Resurrect ion in t he size of ant s, but in t he shape of men. Everyt hing shall be above t hem, because of t he humiliat ion placed on t hem, unt il t hey ent er a prison in Jahannam called ` Bawlas' where t he fire will surround t hem from above. They shall drink from t he puss of t he people of t he Fire.)

リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ケヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ヱゲ⊥ヘ∇ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠Βら͡ ル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホギあ ダ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴ∠シヲぁョ ユ⊥ミ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ∠ ∇イバ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇グガ ∠ ｚゎや ｚユを⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ (91. And when it is said t o t hem (t he Jews), "Believe in what Allah has sent down,'' t hey say, "We believe in what was sent down t o us.'' And t hey disbelieve in t hat which came aft er it , while it is t he t rut h confirming what is wit h t hem. Say (O Muhammad t o t hem): "Why t hen have you killed t he Prophet s of Allah af oret ime, if you indeed have been believers'') (92. And indeed Musa came t o you wit h clear proofs, yet you worshipped t he calf aft er he left , and you were Zalimun.)

Although The Jews denied the Truth, They claimed to be Believers!

Allah said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when it is said t o t hem), meaning, t he Jews and t he People of t he Book,

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ぴ (Believe in what Allah has sent down) t o Muhammad , believe in and follow him,

びゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They say, "We believe in what was sent down t o us.'') meaning, it is enough for us t o believe in what was revealed t o us in t he Tawrah and t he Inj il, and t his is t he pat h t hat we choose,

びロ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ケヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ヱゲ⊥ヘ∇ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey disbelieve in t hat which came aft er it ).

び∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホギあ ダ ∠ ョ⊥ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (while it is t he t rut h confirming what is wit h t hem) meaning, while knowing t hat what was revealed t o Muhammad ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホギあ ダ ∠ ョ⊥ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (it is t he t rut h confirming what is wit h t hem). This means t hat since what was sent t o Muhammad conforms t o what was revealed t o t he People of t he Book, t hen t his fact const it ut es a proof against t hem. Similarly, Allah said,

ラ ∠ ヲプ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ へ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ び∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ (Those t o whom We gave t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) recognize him (Muhammad ) as t hey recognize t heir sons) (2:146). Allah said next ,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠Βら͡ ル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ぴ ("Why t hen have you killed t he Prophet s of Allah aforet ime, if you indeed have been believers''). This means, "If your claim t hat you believe in what was revealed t o you is t rue, t hen why did you kill t he Prophet s who came t o you affirming t he Tawrah's Law, alt hough you knew t hey were t rue Prophet s You killed t hem simply out of t ransgression, st ubbornness and inj ust ice wit h Allah's Messengers. Therefore, you only follow your lust s, opinions and desires.'' Similarly, Allah said,

ユ⊥ムジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ン∠ヲ∇ヰゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ヨヤｚム⊥ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇よグｚ ミ∠ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲヘ∠ プ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや (Is it t hat whenever t here came t o you a Messenger wit h what you yourselves desired not , you grew arrogant Some you disbelieved and some you killed.) Also, As-Suddi said, "In t his Ayah, Allah chast ised t he People of t he Book,

ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠Βら͡ ル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ (Say (O Muhammad t o t hem): "Why t hen have you killed t he Prophet s of Allah aforet ime, if you indeed have been believers'').''

びろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヴ∠シヲぁョ ユ⊥ミ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed Musa came t o you wit h clear proofs) meaning, wit h clear signs and clear proofs t hat he was t he Messenger of Allah and t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah. The clear signs -or miracles- ment ioned here are t he flood, t he locust s, t he lice, t he frogs, t he blood, t he st aff and t he hand. Musa's miracles also include part ing t he sea, shading t he Jews wit h clouds, t he manna and quails, t he gushing st one, et c.

びモ ∠ ∇イバ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇グガ ∠ ｚゎや ｚユを⊥ ぴ (yet you worshipped t he calf) meaning, as a deit y inst ead of Allah, during t he t ime of Musa. Allah's st at ement ,

びロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョぴ (aft er he left ) aft er Musa went t o Mount Tur t o speak t o Allah. Similarly, Allah said,

Κ ⇔ ∇イハ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ Βあ ヤ͡ェ ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ び∀ケや∠ヲカ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚャ や⇔ギ∠ジィ ∠ (And t he people of Musa made in his absence, out of t heir ornament s, t he image of a calf (for worship). It had a sound (as if it was mooing)) (7:148).

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (and you were Zalimun) meaning, you were unj ust in t his behavior of worshipping t he calf, alt hough you knew t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah. Similarly, Allah said,

∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ヴ∠プ テ ∠ ボ͡ シ ⊥ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムレ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ͡ゃャ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや (And when t hey regret t ed and saw t hat t hey had gone ast ray, t hey (repent ed and) said: "If our Lord have not mercy upon us and forgive us, we shall cert ainly be of t he losers'') (7:149).

∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ケ∠ ヲぁトャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バプ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠レ∇Βダ ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ り∃ ヲｚ ボ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ミゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ョ ゅ∠ヨジ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ∇モホ⊥ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ よ͡ モ ∠ ∇イバ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇セぺ⊥ヱ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ミゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ (93. And (remember) when We t ook your covenant and We raised above you t he Mount (saying), "Hold firmly t o what We have given you and hear (Our Word).'' They said, "We have heard and disobeyed.'' And t heir heart s absorbed (t he worship of) t he calf because of t heir disbelief. Say: "Worst indeed is t hat which your fait h enj oins on you if you are believers.'')

The Jews rebel after Allah took Their Covenant and raised the Mountain above Their Heads Allah reminded t he Jews of t heir errors, breaking His covenant , t ransgression and defiance, when He raised Mount Tur above t hem so t hat t hey would believe and agree t o t he t erms of t he covenant . Yet , t hey broke it soon aft erwards,

びゅ∠レ∇Βダ ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said, "We have heard and disobeyed.'') We have ment ioned t he Tafsir of t his subj ect before. ` Abdur-Razzaq said t hat Ma` mar narrat ed t hat Qat adah said t hat ,

び∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ よ͡ モ ∠ ∇イバ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥よ͡ゲ∇セぺ⊥∠ヱぴ (And t heir heart s absorbed (t he worship of) t he calf) means, "They absorbed it s love, unt il it s love resided in t heir heart s.'' This is also t he opinion of Abu Al-` Aliyah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas. Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ミゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨジ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Worst indeed is t hat which your fait h enj oins on you if you are believers.'') means, "Worse yet is t he manner in which you behaved in t he past and even now, disbelieving in Allah's Ayat and defying t he Prophet s. You also disbelieved in Muhammad , which is t he worst of your deeds and t he harshest sin t hat you commit t ed. You disbelieved in t he Final Messenger and t he mast er of all Prophet s and Messengers, t he one who was sent t o all mankind. How can you t hen claim t hat you believe, while commit t ing t he evil of breaking Allah's covenant , disbelieving in Allah's Ayat and worshipping t he calf inst ead of Allah"

る⇔ ダ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠カ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ケ⊥ やｚギャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ∇モホ⊥ ぴ -リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ラ͡ま れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ レｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ プ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ヲレｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ り∃ ヲ∠Βェ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ソ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ギ∠ イ ͡ わ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Βヨ͡ヤ⇒ｚヌャゅ͡よ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ｚヨバ∠ Α⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ キぁ ヲ∠ Α∠ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠

ゲ∠ ヨｚ バ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ェ ͡ ゴ͡ ∇ェゴ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ る∃ レ∠ シ ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (94. Say t o (t hem): "If t he abode of t he Hereaft er wit h Allah is indeed for you especially and not for ot hers of mankind, t hen long for deat h if you are t rut hful.'') (95. But t hey will never long for it because of what t heir hands have sent before t hem (i.e. what t hey have done). And Allah is Aware of t he Zalimin .) (96. And verily, you will find t hem (t he Jews) t he greediest of mankind for life and (even greedier) t han t hose who ascribe part ners t o Allah. One of t hem wishes t hat he could be given a life of a t housand years. But t he grant of such life will not save him even a lit t le from (due) punishment . And Allah is Seer of what t hey do.)

Calling the Jews to invoke Allah to destroy the Unjust Party Muhammad bin Ishaq narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Allah said t o His Prophet ,

る⇔ ダ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠カ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ケ⊥ やｚギャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ラ͡ま れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ レｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ プ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ (Say t o (t hem): "If t he home of t he Hereaft er wit h Allah is indeed for you especially and not for ot hers, of mankind, t hen long for deat h if you are t rut hful.'') meaning, ` Invoke Allah t o bring deat h t o t he lying camp among t he t wo (Muslims and Jews).' The Jews declined t his offer by t he Messenger of Allah .''

∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ヲレｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Βヨ͡ヤ⇒ｚヌャゅ͡よ (But t hey will never long for it because of what t heir hands have sent before t hem (i.e. what t hey have done). And Allah is Aware of t he Zalimin (polyt heist s and wrongdoers).) meaning, "Since t hey know t hat t hey recognize you, and yet disbelieve in you.'' Had t hey wished deat h t hat day, no Jew would have remained alive on t he face of t he eart h. Moreover, Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

びれ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ レｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then long for deat h), means, "Invoke (Allah) for deat h.'' Also, ` Abdur-Razzaq narrat ed t hat ` Ikrimah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed,

びれ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ レｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then long for deat h if you are t rut hful), "Had t he Jews invoked Allah for deat h, t hey would have perished.'' Also, Ibn Abi Hat im recorded Sa` id bin Jubayr saying t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Had t he Jews asked for deat h, one of t hem would have choked on his own saliva.'' These st at ement s have aut hent ic chains of narrat ion up t o Ibn ` Abbas. Furt her, Ibn Jarir said in his Tafsir, "We were t old t hat t he Prophet said,

や∇ヱぺ∠ゲ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ヨャ∠ れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや や⊥ヲレｚ ∠ヨ∠ゎ キ∠ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠» ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤワ͡ ゅ∠らΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ ハ ͡ ゅ∠ボョ∠ ゅ∠ャ やヲ⊥バィ ∠ ゲ∠ ャ∠ ユ∂ヤシヱ ヮΒヤハ ぶや ヴヤダ͡ヰヤャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ «ゅ⇔ャゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヤ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ (Had t he Jews wished for deat h, t hey would have died and seen t heir seat s in t he Fire. And, t hose who invoked such curse against Allah's Messenger would have found no families or propert y had t hey ret urned t o t heir homes).'' Similar t o t his Ayah is Allah's st at ement in Surat Al-Jumu` ah,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨハ∠コ ラ͡ま ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ -リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ レｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ プ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ Αギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲｚレヨ∠ わ∠ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲヘ͡ ゎ∠ ング͡ ャｚや れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャゅ͡よ り͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ハ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁキゲ∠ ゎ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ボ⇒∠ヤョ⊥ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ムゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ((Say (O Muhammad ): "O you Jews! If you pret end t hat you are friends of Allah, t o t he exclusion of (all) ot her mankind, t hen long for deat h if you are t rut hful. ''But t hey will never long for it (deat h), because of what (deeds) t heir hands have sent before t hem! And Allah knows well t he Zalimin. Say (t o t hem): "Verily, t he deat h from which you flee will surely meet you, t hen you will be sent back t o (Allah) t he Knower of t he unseen and t he seen, and He will t ell you what you used t o do.'') (62:6-8).

So t hey claimed t hat t hey are Allah's sons and loved ones and said, "Only t hose who are Christ ian or Jews shall ent er Paradise.'' Therefore, t hey were called t o invoke Allah t o dest roy t he lying group, be it t hem or t he Muslims. When t he Jews declined, every one was sure of t heir wrong, for had t hey been sure of t heir claims, t hen t hey would have accept ed t he proposal. Their lies were t hus exposed aft er t hey declined t he offer t o invoke t he curse. Similarly, t he Messenger of Allah called a delegat ion of Naj ran's Christ ians t o curse aft er he refut ed t hem in a debat e in which t hey demonst rat ed st ubbornness and defiance. Allah said,

∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ マ ∠ィ ｚ べ∠ェ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ジル͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ジル͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ネ ⊥ ∇ギル∠ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ⊥ レ∠ ∇バｚャ モ∠バ∇イレ∠ プ∠ ∇モヰ͡ わ∠ ∇らル∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ ゅ∠レジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡よグ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (Then whoever disput es wit h you concerning him (` Isa) aft er (all t his) knowledge t hat has come t o you (i.e. ` Isa) being a servant of Allah, and having no share in divinit y), say (O Muhammad ): "Come, let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves t hen we pray and invoke (sincerely) t he curse of Allah upon t hose who lie.'') (3:61). When t he Christ ians heard t his challenge, some of t hem said t o each ot her, "By Allah! If you do such wit h t his Prophet , none of you will have an eye t hat blinks.'' This is when t hey resort ed t o peace and gave t he Jizyah (t ax) in disgrace. The Prophet accept ed t he Jizyah from t hem and sent Abu ` Ubaydah bin Al-Jarrah wit h t hem as a t rust ee. Similar t o t his meaning is Allah's command t o His Prophet t o proclaim t o t he polyt heist s:

リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇キギ⊥ ∇ヨΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ る͡ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤツ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びや⇔ギ∂ ョ∠ (Say (O Muhammad ) whoever is in error, t he Most Gracious (Allah) will prolong him (in it ).) (19:75) meaning, "Whoever among us has deviat ed, may Allah increase and prolong his deviat ion.'' We will ment ion t his subj ect lat er, Allah willing. The Mubahalah (invocat ion t o Allah t o dest roy t he liars) was called a ` wish' here, because every j ust person wishes t hat Allah dest roy t he unj ust opponent who is debat ing wit h him, especially when t he j ust person has a clear, apparent proof for t he t rut h he is calling t o. Also, t he Mubahalah involves invoking Allah for deat h of t he unj ust group, because t o disbelievers, life is t he biggest prize, especially when t hey know t he evil dest inat ion t hey will meet aft er deat h.

Disbelievers wish They could live longer

This is why Allah said next ,

∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ヲレｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ びり∃ ヲ∠Βェ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ソ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ギ∠ イ ͡ わ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ Βヨ͡ヤ⇒ｚヌャゅ͡よ (But t hey will never long for it because of what t heir hands have sent before t hem (i.e.what t hey have done). And Allah is Aware of t he Zalimin. And verily, you will find t hem (t he Jews) t he greediest of mankind for life.) meaning, greedy t o live longer, because t hey know t heir evil end, and t he only reward t hey will have wit h Allah is t ot al loss. This life is a prison for t he believer and Paradise for t he disbeliever. Therefore, t he People of t he Book wish t hey could delay t he Hereaft er, as much as possible. However, t hey shall cert ainly meet what t hey are t rying t o avoid, even if t hey are more eager t o delay t he Hereaft er t han t he polyt heist s who do not have a divine book. Muhammad bin Ishaq narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on,

びゲ∠ ヨｚ バ∠ Α⊥ ラぺ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ェ ͡ ゴ͡ ∇ェゴ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (But t he grant of such life will not save him even a lit t le from (due) punishment .) "Long life shall not save t hem from t orment . Cert ainly, t he polyt heist s do not believe in resurrect ion aft er deat h, and t hey would love t o enj oy a long life. The Jews know t he humiliat ion t hey will suffer in t he Hereaft er for knowingly ignoring t he t rut h.'' Also, ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, "The Jews are most eager for t his life. They wish t hey could live for a t housand years. However, living for a t housand years will not save t hem from t orment , j ust as Iblis' Sat an - long life did not benefit him, due t o being a disbeliever.'' t

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is Seer of what t hey do.) meaning, "Allah knows what His servant s are doing, whet her good or evil, and will compensat e each of t hem accordingly.''

マ ∠ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゴｚ ル∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ モ ∠ Α͡ゲ∇らイ ͡ ャあ や６ヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホギあ ダ ∠ ョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒ヤ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∂ や６ヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャあ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ モ ∠ ⇒∠ムΒ͡ョヱ∠ モ ∠ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ヱ∠ (97. Say (O Muhammad ): "Whoever is an enemy t o Jibril (Gabriel) (let him die in his fury), for indeed he has brought it (t his Qur'an) down t o your heart by Allah's permission, confirming what

came before it (i.e. t he Tawrah and t he Inj il) and guidance and glad t idings for t he believers). (98. "Whoever is an enemy t o Allah, His Angels, His Messengers, Jibril and Mika'il, t hen verily, Allah is an enemy t o t he disbelievers.'')

The Jews are the Enemies of Jibril Imam Abu Ja` far bin Jarir At -Tabari said, "The scholars of Tafsir agree t hat t his Ayah (2: 97-98) was revealed in response t o t he Jews who claimed t hat Jibril (Gabriel) is an enemy of t he Jews and t hat Mika'il (Michael) is t heir friend.'' Al-Bukhari said, "Allah said,

びモ ∠ Α͡ゲ∇らイ ͡ ャあ や６ヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョぴ (Whoever is an enemy of Jibril (let him die in his fury)). ` Ikrimah said, "Jibr, Mik and Israf all mean, worshipper, while il means, Allah''. Anas bin Malik said, "When ` Abdullah bin Salam heard of t he arrival of t he Prophet in Al-Madinah, he was working on his land. He came t o t he Prophet and said, ` I am going t o ask you about t hree t hings which nobody knows except a Prophet . What will be t he first port ent of t he Hour What will be t he first meal t aken by t he people of Paradise Why does a child resemble it s fat her, and why does it resemble it s mat ernal uncle' Allah's Messenger said, (Jibril has j ust t old me t he answers.) ` Abdullah said, ` He (i.e. Jibril), among all t he angels, is t he enemy of t he Jews.' Allah's Messenger recit ed t he Ayah,

びマ ∠ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゴｚ ル∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ モ ∠ Α͡ゲ∇らイ ͡ ャあ や６ヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョぴ (Whoever is an enemy t o Jibril (Gabriel) (let him die in his fury), for indeed he has brought it (t his Qur'an) down t o your heart ). Allah's Messenger t hen said, (The first port ent of t he Hour will be a fire t hat will bring t oget her t he people from t he east t o t he west ; t he first meal of t he people of Paradise will be t he caudat e lobe of t he liver of fish. As for t he child resembling his parent s: If a man has sexual int ercourse wit h his wife and his discharge is first , t he child will resemble t he fat her. If t he woman has a discharge first , t he child will resemble her side of t he family.) On t hat ` Abdullah bin Salam said, ` I t est ify t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah and you are t he Messenger of Allah.' ` Abdullah bin Salam furt her said, ` O Allah's Messenger! The Jews are liars, and if t hey should come t o know about my conversion t o Islam before you ask t hem (about me), t hey will t ell a lie about me.' The Jews came t o Allah's Messenger , and ` Abdullah went inside t he house. Allah's Messenger asked (t he Jews), (` What kind of man is ` Abdullah bin Salam') They replied, ` He is t he best among us, t he son of t he best among us, our mast er and t he son of our mast er.' Allah's Messenger said, (What do you t hink if he would embrace Islam) The Jews said, ` May Allah save him from it .' Then ` Abdullah bin Salam came out in front of t hem saying, ` I t est ify t hat none has t he right t o be worshipped but Allah and t hat Muhammad is t he Messenger of Allah.' Thereupon t hey said, ` He is t he evilest among us, and t he son of t he evilest among us.' And t hey cont inued t alking badly about him. Ibn Salam said, ` This is what I feared, O Messenger of Allah!.''' Only Al-Bukhari recorded t his Hadit h wit h t his chain of narrat ion. Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t his Hadit h from Anas using anot her chain of narrat ion. Some people say t hat ` il' means worshipper while what ever word t hat is added t o it becomes Allah's Name, because ` il' is a const ant in such conj unct ion. This is similar t o t he names ` Abdullah, ` Abdur-Rahman, ` Abdul-Malik, ` Abdul-Quddus, ` Abdus-Salam, ` Abdul-Kafi, ` Abdul-

Jalil, and so fort h. Hence, ` Abd' is const ant in t hese compound names, while t he remainder differs from name t o name. This is t he same case wit h Jibril, Mika'il, ` Azra'il, Israfil, and so fort h. Allah knows best .

Choosing Some Angels to believe in over Others is Disbelief like choosing Some Prophets over Others

Allah said,

マ ∠ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゴｚ ル∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ モ ∠ Α͡ゲ∇らイ ͡ ャあ や６ヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ (Whoever is an enemy t o Jibril (Gabriel) (let him die in his fury), for indeed he has brought it (t his Qur'an) down t o your heart by Allah's permission,) meaning, whoever becomes an enemy of Jibril, let him know t hat he is Ruh Al-Qudus who brought down t he Glorious Dhikr (Qur'an) t o your heart from Allah by His leave. Hence, he is a messenger from Allah. Whoever t akes a messenger as an enemy, will have t aken all t he messengers as enemies. Furt her, whoever believes in one messenger, is required t o believe in all of t he messengers. Whoever rej ect s one messenger, he has rej ect ed all of t he messengers. Similarly, Allah said,

ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲあ ヘ∠ Α⊥ びヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムル∠ ヱ∠ (Verily, t hose who disbelieve in Allah and His Messengers and wish t o make dist inct ion bet ween Allah and His Messengers (by believing in Allah and disbelieving in His Messengers) saying, "We believe in some but rej ect ot hers.'') (4:150) Allah decreed t hat t hey are disbelievers, because t hey believe in some Prophet s and rej ect ot hers. This is t he same wit h t hose who t ake Jibril as an enemy, because Jibril did not choose missions on his own, but by t he command of his Lord,

びマ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ⊥ ゴｚ レ∠ わ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And we (angels) descend not except by t he command of your Lord) (19: 64), and,

ゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや ヮ͡ よ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ モ ⊥ Α͡ゴレ∠わャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ケグ͡ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ -リ ⊥ Β͡ョΙ ｘや (And t ruly, t his (t he Qur'an) is a revelat ion from t he Lord of all t hat exist s. Which t he t rust wort hy Ruh (Jibril) has brought down. Upon your heart (O Muhammad ) t hat you may be (one) of t he warners) (26:192-194). Al-Bukhari report ed t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ゆ∇ゲ∠エ∇ャゅ͡よ ヶ͡ルコ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠よ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ゅ６Βャ͡ヱ∠ ヶ͡ャ ン∠キゅ∠ハ ∇リョ∠ » (Allah said, ` Whoever t akes a friend of Mine as an enemy, will have st art ed a war wit h Me.) Therefore, Allah became angry wit h t hose who t ook Jibril as an enemy. Allah said,

マ ∠ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゴｚ ル∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ モ ∠ Α͡ゲ∇らイ ͡ ャあ や６ヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョぴ びヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホギあ ダ ∠ ョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ (Whoever is an enemy t o Jibril (Gabriel) (let him die in his fury), for indeed he has brought it (t his Qur'an) down t o your heart by Allah's permission, confirming what came before it ) meaning, t he previous Books,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and guidance and glad t idings for t he believers) meaning, as guidance t o t heir heart s and bringer of t he good news of Paradise, which is exclusively for t he believers. Similarly, Allah said,

び∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ∠ヱ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "It is for t hose who believe, a guide and a healing.'') (41:44), and,

る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ

(And We send down of t he Qur'an t hat which is a healing and a mercy t o t hose who believe) (17:82). Allah t hen said,

モ ∠ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒ヤ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∂ や６ヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャあ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ モ ∠ ⇒∠ムΒ͡ョヱ∠ (Whoever is an enemy t o Allah, His Angels, His Messengers, Jibril and Mika'il (Michael), t hen verily, Allah is an enemy t o t he disbelievers.) Allah st at ed t hat whoever t akes Him, His angels and messengers as enemies, t hen...Allah's messengers include angels and men, for Allah said,

びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔シ ⊥ ケ⊥ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡ヘト ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやぴ (Allah chooses Messengers from angels and from men) (22:75). Allah said,

びモ ∠ ⇒∠ムΒ͡ョヱ∠ モ ∠ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (Jibril (Gabriel) and Mika'il (Michael)). Allah ment ioned Jibril and Mika'il specifically - alt hough t hey are included among t he angels who were messengers - only because t his Ayah was meant t o support Jibril t he emissary bet ween Allah and His Prophet s. Allah also ment ioned Mika'il here, because t he Jews claimed t hat Jibril was t heir enemy and Mika'il was t heir friend. Allah informed t hem t hat whoever is an enemy of eit her of t hem, t hen he is also an enemy of t he ot her as well as Allah. We should st at e here t hat Mika'il somet imes descended t o some of Allah's Prophet s, alt hough t o a lesser ext ent t han Jibril, because t his was primarily Jibril's t ask, and Israfil is ent rust ed wit h t he j ob of blowing t he Trumpet for t he commencement of Resurrect ion on t he Day of Judgment . It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat whenever t he Messenger of Allah would wake up at night , he would supplicat e,

ゲ∠ デ ͡ ゅ∠プ モ ∠ Β͡プや∠ゲ∇シま͡ヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡もゅ∠ムΒ͡ョヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡もや∠ゲ∇らィ ͡ ゆ ｚ ケ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∩͡りキ∠ ゅ∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ハ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ れ ͡ や∠ヲヨ∠ ジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡ルギ͡ ∇ワや ∩∠ラヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ポ ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇ヰゎ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ブ ∠ ヤ͡わ⊥ ∇カや ゅ∠ヨャ͡ «ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヅ ∃ や∠ゲタ ͡ ヴャ͡ま ￢⊥ ゅ∠ゼゎ∠

(O Allah, Lord of Jibril, Mika'il and Israfil, Creat or of t he heavens and eart h and Knower of t he seen and t he unseen! You j udge bet ween Your servant s regarding what t hey differ in, so direct me t o t he t rut h which t hey differ on, by Your leave. Verily, You guide whom You will t o t he st raight pat h.) Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャあ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (t hen verily, Allah is an enemy t o t he disbelievers) informed t he disbelievers t hat whoever t akes a friend of Allah as an enemy, t hen he has t aken Allah as an enemy, and whoever t reat s Allah as an enemy, t hen he shall be Allah's enemy. Indeed, whoever is an enemy of Allah t hen he will lose in t his life and t he Hereaft er, as st at ed earlier;

«る∠よケ∠ ゅ∠エヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ルク∠ へ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ゅ６Βャ͡ヱ∠ ヶ͡ャ ンキ∠ ゅ∠ハ ∇リョ∠ » (Whoever t akes a friend of Mine as an enemy, I shall wage war on him.)

Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰよ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠レΒあ よ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョあ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ ロ⊥ グ∠ ら∠ ルｚ や⇔ギ∇ヰハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ハ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ∇リョあ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇モよ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ グ∠ ら∠ ル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ∀ベギあ ∠ダョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ケヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ マ ͡ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠Βｚゼャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇わゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲバ⊥ ら∠ ｚゎや∠ヱ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Β͡デゅ∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ リ ͡ ∇Βム∠ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇エジ あ ャや サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤあ∠バΑ⊥ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヨヤあバ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ョヱ∠ れ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ モ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠らよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤｚバ∠ わ∠ Β∠ プ∠ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠

ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ィ ͡ ∇ヱコ∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホゲあ ヘ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤｚバ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ∠ Αあケべ∠ツよ͡ ゅ∠ョ ロ⊥ や∠ゲわ∠ ∇セや リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ セ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ペ ∃ ⇒∠ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ ∀るよ∠ ヲ⊥んヨ∠ ャ∠ や∇ヲ∠ボゎｚ やヱ び (99. And indeed We have sent down t o you manifest Ayat and none disbelieve in t hem but Fasiqun (t hose who rebel against Allah's command).) (100. Is it not (t he case) t hat every t ime t hey make a covenant , some part y among t hem t hrow it aside Nay! (t he t rut h is:) most of t hem believe not .) (101. And when t here came t o t hem a Messenger from Allah (i.e. Muhammad ) confirming what was wit h t hem, a part y of t hose who were given t he Script ure t hrew away t he Book of Allah behind t heir backs as if t hey did not know!) (102. They followed what t he Shayat in (devils) gave out (falsely of t he magic) in t he lifet ime of Sulayman (Solomon). Sulayman did not disbelieve, but t he Shayat in (devils) disbelieved, t eaching men magic and such t hings t hat came down at Babylon t o t he t wo angels, Harut and Marut , but neit her of t hese t wo (angels) t aught anyone (such t hings) t ill t hey had said, "We are for t rial, so disbelieve not (by learning t his magic from us).'' And from t hese (angels) people learn t hat by which t hey cause separat ion bet ween man and his wife, but t hey could not t hus harm anyone except by Allah's leave. And t hey learn t hat which harms t hem and profit s t hem not . And indeed t hey knew t hat t he buyers of it (magic) would have no share in t he Hereaft er. And how bad indeed was t hat for which t hey sold t heir own selves, if t hey but knew.) (103. And if t hey had believed and guarded t hemselves from evil and kept t heir dut y t o Allah, far bet t er would have been t he reward from t heir Lord, if t hey but knew!)

Proofs of Muhammad's Prophethood Imam Abu Ja` far bin Jarir said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びろ ∃ ⇒∠レΒあよ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed We have sent down t o you manifest Ayat ) means, "We have sent t o you, O Muhammad, clear signs t hat t est ify t o your prophet hood.'' These Ayat are cont ained in t he Book of Allah (Qur'an) which narrat es t he secret s of t he knowledge t hat t he Jews possess, which t hey hid, and t he st ories of t heir earlier generat ions. The Book of Allah also ment ions t he t ext s in t he Books of t he Jews t hat are known t o only t he rabbis and scholars, and t he sect ions where t hey alt ered and dist ort ed t he rulings of t he Tawrah. Since Allah ment ioned all of t his in His

Book revealed t o His Prophet Muhammad , t hen t his fact alone should be enough evidence for t hose who are t rut hful wit h t hemselves and who wish t o avoid bringing t hemselves t o dest ruct ion due t o envy and t ransgression. Furt her human inst ict t est ifies t o t he t rut h t hat Muhammad was sent wit h and t he clear signs t hat he brought which he did not learn or acquire from mankind. Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

びろ ∃ ⇒∠レΒあよ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed We have sent down t o you manifest Ayat ) means, "You recit e and convey t his Book t o t hem day and night , alt hough you are an Ummi (unlet t ered) who never read a book. Yet , you inform t hem of what t hey have (in t heir own Books). Allah st at ed t hat t his fact should serve as an example, a clear sign and a proof against t hem, if t hey but knew.''

The Jews break Their Covenants When t he Messenger of Allah was sent and Allah reminded t he Jews of t he covenant t hat t hey had wit h Him, especially concerning Muhammad , Malik bin As-Sayf said, "By Allah! Allah never made a covenant wit h us about Muhammad, nor did He t ake a pledge from us at all.'' Allah t hen revealed,

びユ⊥ヰ∇レョあ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ ロ⊥ グ∠ ら∠ ルｚ や⇔ギ∇ヰハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ハ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Is it not (t he case) t hat every t ime t hey make a covenant , some part y among t hem t hrow it aside) Al-Hasan Al-Basri said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay! (t he t rut h is:) most of t hem believe not ) means, "There is not a promise t hat t hey make, but t hey break it and abandon it . They make a promise t oday and break it t omorrow.''

The Jews abandoned the Book of Allah and practiced Magic As-Suddi comment ed on,

ゅ∠ヨャあ ∀ベギあ ∠ダョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ (And when t here came t o t hem a Messenger from Allah (i.e. Muhammad ) confirming what was wit h t hem), "When Muhammad came t o t hem, t hey want ed t o cont radict and disput e wit h him using t he Tawrah. However, t he Tawrah and t he Qur'an affirmed each ot her. So t he Jews gave

up on using t he Torah, and t ook t o t he Book of Asaf, and t he magic of Harut and Marut , which indeed did not conform t o t he Qur'an. Hence Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ぴ (As if t hey did not know!).'' Also, Qat adah said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ぴ (As if t hey did not know!) means, "They knew t he t rut h but abandoned it , hid it and denied t he fact t hat t hey even had it .''

Magic existed before Sulayman (Solomon) As-Suddi said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ マ ͡ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠Βｚゼャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇わゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (They followed what t he Shayat in (devils) gave out (falsely of t he magic) in t he lifet ime of Sulayman) means, "` During t he t ime of Prophet Solomon.' Beforehand, t he devils used t o ascend t o heaven and eavesdrop on t he conversat ions of t he angels about what will occur on t he eart h regarding deat h, ot her incident s or unseen mat t ers. They would convey t his news t o t he soot hsayers, and t he soot hsayers would in t urn convey t he news t o t he people. The people would believe what t he soot hsayers t old t hem as being t rue. When t he soot hsayers t rust ed t he devils, t he devils st art ed t o lie t o t hem and added ot her words t o t he t rue news t hat t hey heard, t o t he ext ent of adding sevent y false words t o each t rue word. The people recorded t hese words in some books. Soon aft er, t he Children of Israel said t hat t he Jinns know mat t ers of t he Unseen. When Solomon was sent as a Prophet , he collect ed t hese books in a box and buried it under his t hrone; any devil t hat dared get near t he box was burned. Solomon said, ` I will not hear of anyone who says t hat t he devils know t he Unseen, but I will cut off his head.' When Solomon died and t he scholars who knew t he t rut h about Solomon perished, t here came anot her generat ion. To t hem, t he devil mat erialized in t he shape of a human and said t o some of t he Children of Israel, ` Should I lead you t o a t reasure t hat you will never be able t o use up' They said. ` Yes.' He said, ` Dig under t his t hrone,' and he went wit h t hem and showed t hem Solomon's t hrone. They said t o him, ` Come closer.' He said, ` No. I will wait for you here, and if you do not find t he t reasure t hen kill me. ' They dug and found t he buried books, and Sat an said t o t hem, ` Solomon only cont rolled t he humans, devils and birds wit h t his magic.' Thereaft er, t he news t hat Solomon was a sorcerer spread among t he people, and t he Children of Israel adopt ed t hese books. When Muhammad came, t hey disput ed wit h him relying on t hese books. Hence Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Β͡デゅ∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (Sulayman did not disbelieve, but t he Shayat in (devils) disbelieved).

The Story of Harut and Marut, and the Explanation that They were Angels Allah said,

れ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ョヱ∠ れ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ モ ∠ よ͡ ゅら∠ よ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βム∠ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヨヤあバ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホゲあ ヘ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤｚバ∠ わ∠ Β∠ プ∠ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ びヮ͡ ィ ͡ ∇ヱコ∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや (And such t hings t hat came down at Babylon t o t he t wo angels, Harut and Marut , but neit her of t hese t wo (angels) t aught anyone (such t hings) t ill t hey had said, "We are for t rial, so disbelieve not (by learning t his magic from us).'' And from t hese (angels) people learn t hat by which t hey cause separat ion bet ween man and his wife). There is a difference of opinion regarding t his st ory. It was said t hat t his Ayah denies t hat anyt hing was sent down t o t he t wo angels, as Al-Qurt ubi st at ed and t hen referred t o t he Ayah,

びリ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (Sulayman did not disbelieve) saying, "The negat ion applies in bot h cases. Allah t hen said,

ゲ∠ ∇エジ あ ャや サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤあバ∠ Α⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Β͡デゅ∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ びリ ͡ ∇Βム∠ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ (But t he Shayat in (devils) disbelieved, t eaching men magic and such t hings t hat came down at Babylon t o t he t wo angels). The Jews claimed t hat Gabriel and Michael brought magic down t o t he t wo angels, but Allah refut ed t his false claim.'' Also, Ibn Jarir report ed, t hat Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about Allah's st at ement ,

びモ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠らよ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βム∠ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And such t hings t hat came down at Babylon t o t he t wo angels) "Allah did not send magic down.'' Also, Ibn Jarir narrat ed t hat Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said about ,

びリ ͡ ∇Βム∠ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And such t hings t hat came down t o t he t wo angels), "Allah did not send magic down t o t he t hem.'' Ibn Jarir comment ed, "This is t he correct explanat ion for t his Ayah.

びリ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ マ ͡ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠Βｚゼャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇わゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (They followed what t he Shayat in (devils) gave out (falsely) in t he lifet ime of Sulayman.) meaning, magic. However, neit her did Solomon disbelieve nor did Allah send magic wit h t he t wo angels. The devils, on t he ot her hand, disbelieved and t aught magic t o t he people of t he Babylon of Harut and Marut .'' Ibn Jarir cont inued; "If someone asks about explaining t his Ayah in t his manner, we say t hat ,

びリ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ マ ͡ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠Βｚゼャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇わゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (They followed what t he Shayat in (devils) gave out (falsely) in t he lifet ime of Sulayman.) means, magic. Solomon neit her disbelieved nor did Allah send magic wit h t he t wo angels. However, t he devils disbelieved and t aught magic t o t he people in t he Babylon of Harut and Marut , meaning Gabriel and Michael, for Jewish sorcerers claimed t hat Allah sent magic by t he words of Gabriel and Michael t o Solomon, son of David. Allah denied t his false claim and st at ed t o His Prophet Muhammad t hat Gabriel and Michael were not sent wit h magic. Allah also exonerat ed Solomon from pract icing magic, which t he devils t aught t o t he people of Babylon by t he hands of t wo men, Harut and Marut . Hence, Harut and Marut were t wo ordinary men (not angels or Gabriel or Michael).'' These were t he words of At -Tabari, and t his explanat ion is not plausible. Many among t he Salaf, said t hat Harut and Marut were angels who came down from heaven t o eart h and did what t hey did as t he Ayah st at ed. To conform t his opinion wit h t he fact t hat t he angels are immune from error, we say t hat Allah had et ernal knowledge what t hese angels would do, j ust as He had et ernal knowledge t hat Iblis would do as he did, while Allah refered t o him being among t he angels,

Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ∠ジ ∠ プ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ Ε ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇シや る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び ヴ∠よぺ∠ ザ ∠ Β͡ヤ∇よま͡ (And (remember) when We said t o t he angels: "Prost rat e yourselves before Adam.'' And t hey prost rat ed except Iblis (Sat an), he refused) (20:116) and so fort h. However, what Harut and Marut did was less evil t han what Iblis, may Allah curse him, did. Al-Qurt ubi report ed t his opinion from ` Ali, Ibn Mas` ud, Ibn ` Abbas, Ibn ` Umar, Ka` b Al-Ahbar, As-Suddi and Al-Kalbi.

Learning Magic is Kufr Allah said,

る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヨヤあバ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ (But neit her of t hese t wo (angels) t aught anyone (such t hings) t ill t hey had said, "We are for t rial, so disbelieve not (by learning t his magic from us).) Abu Ja` far Ar-Razi said t hat Ar-Rabi' bin Anas said t hat Qays bin ` Abbad said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "When someone came t o t he angels t o learn magic, t hey would discourage him and say t o him, ` We are only a t est , so do not fall int o disbelief.' They had knowledge of what is good and evil and what const it ut es belief or disbelief, and t hey t hus knew t hat magic is a form of disbelief. When t he person who came t o learn magic st ill insist ed on learning it , t hey commanded him t o go t o such and such place, where if he went , Sat an would meet him and t each him magic. When t his man would learn magic, t he light (of fait h) would depart him, and he would see it shining (and flying away) in t he sky. He would t hen proclaim, ` O my sorrow! Woe unt o me! What should I do.'' Al-Hasan Al-Basri said t hat t his Ayah means, "The angels were sent wit h magic, so t hat t he people whom Allah willed would be t ried and t est ed. Allah made t hem promise t hat t hey would not t each anyone unt il first proclaiming, ` We are a t est for you, do not fall int o disbelief.''' It was recorded by Ibn Abi Hat im. Also, Qat adah said, "Allah t ook t heir covenant t o not t each anyone magic unt il t hey said, ` We are a t est . Therefore, do not fall in disbelief.''' Also, As-Suddi said, "When a man would come t o t he t wo angels t hey would advise him, ` Do not fall int o disbelief. We are a t est . ' When t he man would ignore t heir advice, t hey would say, ` Go t o t hat pile of ashes and urinat e on it .' When he would urinat e on t he ashes, a light , meaning t he light of fait h, would depart from him and would shine unt il it ent ered heaven. Then somet hing black t hat appeared t o be smoke would descend and ent er his ears and t he rest of his body, and t his is Allah's anger. When he t old t he angels what happened, t hey would t each him magic. So Allah's st at ement ,

る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヨヤあバ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ (But neit her of t hese t wo (angels) t aught anyone (such t hings) t ill t hey had said, "We are for t rial, so disbelieve not (by learning t his magic from us).) Sunayd said t hat Haj j aj said t hat Ibn Jurayj comment ed on t his Ayah (2:102), "No one dares pract ice magic except a disbeliever. As for t he Fit nah, it involves t rials and freedom of choice.''The scholars who st at ed t hat learning magic is disbelief relied on t his Ayah for evidence. They also ment ioned t he Hadit h t hat Abu Bakr Al-Bazzar recorded from ` Abdullah, which st at es,

∇ギボ∠ プ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ホ∠ ギｚ ダ ∠ プ∠ や⇔ゲ͡ェゅ∠シ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔レ͡ワゅ∠ミ ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ユ∂ヤシヱ ヮΒヤハ ぶや ヴヤタ∃ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ ヴヤ∠ハ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ∇ルぺ⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゲ∠ヘ∠ミ (Whoever came t o a soot hsayer or a sorcerer and believed in what he said, will have disbelieved in what Allah revealed t o Muhammad .) This Hadit h has an aut hent ic chain of narrat ion and t here are ot her Hadit hs which support it .

Causing a Separation between the Spouses is One of the Effects of Magic Allah said,

￢͡ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホゲあ ヘ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤｚバ∠ わ∠ Β∠ プ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ィ ͡ ∇ヱコ∠ ヱ∠ (And from t hese (angels) people learn t hat by which t hey cause separat ion bet ween man and his wife,) This means, "The people learned magic from Harut and Marut and indulged in evil act s t hat included separat ing spouses, even t hough spouses are close t o, and int imat ely associat e wit h each ot her. This is t he devil's work.'' Muslim recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ セ ∠ ∇ゲハ ∠ ノ⊥ ツ ∠ Β∠ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヌ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ る⇔ ャ∠ゴ͡ ∇レョ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホほ∠プ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ロ⊥ ゅ∠Αや∠ゲシ ∠

ラ ∃ ゅ∠ヤヘ⊥ よ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ャコ͡ ゅ∠ョ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢⊥ ヶ͡イΑ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ :ザ ⊥ Β͡ヤ∇よま͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩や∠グミ∠ ヱ∠ や∠グミ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢⊥ ヶ͡イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇バレ∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ ゅ∠ャ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩͡ヮ͡ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ホｚゲプ∠ ヴ∂わェ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ «ろ∇ルぺ∠ ユ∠ ∇バル͡ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ⊥ ゴ͡ わ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ル∇ギΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ あゲボ⊥Βプ∠ (Sat an erect s his t hrone on wat er and sends his emissaries among t he people. The closest person t o him is t he person who causes t he most Fit nah. One of t hem (a devil) would come t o him and would say, ` I kept incit ing so-and-so, unt il he said such and such words.' Iblis says, ` No, by Allah, you have not done much.' Anot her devil would come t o him and would say, ` I kept incit ing so-and-so, unt il I separat ed bet ween him and his wife.' Sat an would draw him closer and embrace him, saying, ` Yes, you did well.') Separat ion bet ween a man and his wife occurs here because each spouse imagines t hat t he ot her spouse is ugly or ill-mannered, et c.

Allah's Appointed Term supercedes Everything Allah said,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ∠ Αあケべ∠ツよ͡ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (But t hey could not t hus harm anyone except by Allah's leave). Sufyan At h-Thawri comment ed, "Except by Allah's appoint ed t erm.'' Furt her, Al-Hasan Al-Basri said t hat ,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ∠ Αあケべ∠ツよ͡ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (But t hey could not t hus harm anyone except by Allah's leave) means, "Allah allows magicians t o adversely affect whomever He wills and saves whomever He wills from t hem. Sorcerers never bring harm t o anyone except by Allah's leave.'' Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤｚバ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey learn t hat which harms t hem and prof it s t hem not .) means, it harms t heir religion and does not have a benefit compared t o it s harm.

∇リョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ロ⊥ や∠ゲわ∠ ∇セや リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びペ ∃ ⇒∠ヤカ ∠ (And indeed t hey knew t hat t he buyers of it (magic) would have no (Khalaq) share in t he Hereaft er.) meaning, "The Jews who preferred magic over following t he Messenger of Allah knew t hat t hose who commit t he same error shall have no Khalaq in t he Hereaft er.'' Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and As-Suddi st at ed t hat ` no Khalaq' means, ` no share.' Allah t hen said,

リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ マ ͡ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠Βｚゼャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇わゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤあバ∠ Α⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Β͡デゅ∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ モ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠らよ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βム∠ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇エジ あ ャや サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ヴｚわェ ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヨヤあバ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ョヱ∠ れ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤｚバ∠ わ∠ Β∠ プ∠ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ ∠ Αあケべ∠ツよ͡ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ィ ͡ ∇ヱコ∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホゲあ ヘ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤｚバ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ロ⊥ や∠ゲわ∠ ∇セや リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ セ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ペ ∃ ⇒∠ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや ∀るよ∠ ヲ⊥んヨ∠ ャ∠ や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚ やヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ (And how bad indeed was t hat for which t hey sold t heir own selves, if t hey but knew. And if t hey had believed and guarded t hemselves from evil and kept t heir dut y t o Allah, far bet t er would have been t he reward from t heir Lord, if t hey but knew!). Allah st at ed, o

びザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(And how bad) meaning, what t hey preferred, magic, inst ead of fait h and following t he Messenger, if t hey but comprehend t he advice.

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ ∀るよ∠ ヲ⊥んヨ∠ ャ∠ や∇ヲ∠ボゎｚ やヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∀ゲ∇Β∠カ (And if t hey had believed and guarded t hemselves from evil and kept t heir dut y t o Allah, far bet t er would have been t he reward from t heir Lord,) meaning, "Had t hey believed in Allah and His Messenger and avoided t he prohibit ions, t hen Allah's reward for t hese good deeds would have been bet t er for t hem t han what t hey chose and preferred for t hemselves.'' Similarly, Allah said,

∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ⊥ や∠ヲを∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠∇Αヱ∠ ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ワゅｚボヤ∠Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リヨ∠ ャあ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや (But t hose who had been given (religious) knowledge said: "Woe t o you! The reward of Allah (in t he Hereaft er) is bet t er for t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, and t his none shall at t ain except As-Sabirun (t he pat ient in following t he t rut h).'') (28:80).

∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ゅ∠レ͡ハ∠ケ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ キぁ ヲ∠ Α∠ ゅｚョ - ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒ム∠ ヤ͡ャヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ゅ∠ル∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルや ラ∠ぺ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゾ ぁ わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴｚ レ∠ Α⊥ び ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや ヱ⊥ク ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ (104. O you who believe! Say not (t o t he Messenger ) Ra` ina but say Unzurna (make us underst and) and hear. And for t he disbelievers t here is a painful t orment .) (105. Neit her t hose who disbelieve among t he People of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) nor Al-Mushrikin (t he idolat ers) like t hat t here should be sent down unt o you any good from your Lord. But Allah chooses for His mercy whom He wills. And Allah is t he Owner of great bount y.)

Manners in Speech Allah forbade His believing servant s from imit at ing t he behavior and deeds of t he disbelievers. The Jews used t o use devious words t hat hide what t hey really meant . May Allah's curse be upon t hem. When t hey want ed t o say, ` hear us,' t hey would use t he word Ra` ina, which is an insult (in Hebrew, but means ` hear us' in Arabic). Allah said,

ヮ͡ バ͡ ッ ͡ や∠ヲョｚ リ∠ハ ユ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲあ エ ∠ Α⊥ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョあ ぴ ノ∃ ヨ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ノヨ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∇Βダ ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔レ∇バデ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャほ∠よ͡ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ∠ ゅ∠レハ ͡ ケ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムャ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルや∠ヱ ∇ノヨ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ｚャ リ͡ムャ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ (Among t hose who are Jews, t here are some who displace words from (t heir) right places and say: "We hear your word (O Muhammad ) and disobey,'' and "Hear and let you (O Muhammad ) hear not hing.'' And Ra` ina wit h a t wist of t heir t ongues and as a mockery of t he religion (Islam). And if only t hey had said: "We hear and obey,'' and "Do make us underst and,'' it would have been bet t er for t hem, and more proper; but Allah cursed t hem for t heir disbelief, so t hey believe not except a few) (4:46). Also, t he Hadit hs st at ed t hat when t hey would greet Muslims, t hey would say, ` As-Samu ` alaykum,' meaning, ` deat h be t o you'. This is why we were commanded t o answer t hem by saying, ` Wa ` alaykum,' meaning, ` and t o you t oo', t hen our supplicat ion against t hem shall be answered, rat her t han t heirs against us. Allah forbade t he believers from imit at ing t he disbelievers in t ongue or deed. Allah said,

∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ゅ∠レ͡ハ∠ケ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ムヤ͡ャヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ゅ∠ル∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルや (O you who believe! Say not (t o t he Messenger ) Ra` ina but say Unzurna (make us underst and) and hear. And for t he disbelievers t here is a painful t orment ) (2:104). Also, Imam Ahmad narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ぶ ⊥ や∠ギら∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ブ ͡ ∇Βジ ｚ ャゅ͡よ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ヵ ͡ ギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ » モ あニ ͡ ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ヶ͡ホ∇コケ͡ モ ∠ バ͡ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ マ ∠ Α͡ゲセ ∠ ゅ∠ャ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ブ ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠カ ∇リョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ピダ ｚ ャや∠ヱ る⊥ ャｚグあ ャや ろ ͡ ヤ∠バ͡ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡エ∇ョケ⊥ «ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ュ∃ ヲ∠ボよ͡ ヮ∠ らｚ ゼ ∠ ゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヵ͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ (I was sent wit h t he sword j ust before t he Last Hour, so t hat Allah is worshipped alone wit hout part ners. My sust enance was provided for me from under t he shadow of my spear. Those who oppose my command were humiliat ed and made inferior, and whoever imit at es a people, he is one of t hem.) Abu Dawud narrat ed t hat t he Prophet said,

«ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ よ͡ ヮ∠ らｚ ゼ ∠ ゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ » (Whoever imit at es a people is one of t hem.) These Hadit hs indicat e, along wit h t heir t hreat s and warnings, t hat we are not allowed t o imit at e t he disbelievers in t heir st at ement s, deeds, clot hes, feast s, act s of worship, et c., what ever act ions of t he disbelievers t hat were not legislat ed for us. Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah,

びゅ∠レ͡ハ∠ケ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (Say not (t o t he Messenger ) Ra` ina) "They used t o say t o t he Prophet , Ar` ina samak (which is an insult ).'' Ibn Abu Hat im said t hat it was report ed t hat Abu Al-` Aliyah, Abu Malik, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, ` At iyah Al-` Awfi and Qat adah said similarly. Furt her, Muj ahid said, "` Do not say Ra` ina' means, ` Do not disput e'.'' Muj ahid said in anot her narrat ion, "Do not say, ` We hear from you, and you hear from us.''' Also, ` At a' said, "Do not say,

びゅ∠レハ ͡ ケ∠ ぴ (Ra` ina), which was a dialect t hat t he Ansar used and which was forbidden from use by Allah.'' Also, As-Suddi said, "Rifa` ah bin Zayd, a Jewish man from t he t ribe of Qaynuqa` , used t o come t o t he Prophet and say t o him, ` Hear, Ghayr Musma'in (let you hear not hing).' The Muslims used t o t hink t hat t he Prophet s are greet ed and honored wit h t his t ype of speech, and t his is why some of t hem used t o say, ` Hear, let you hear not hing,' and so on, as ment ioned in Surat An-

Nisa.'' Thereaft er, Allah forbade t he believers from ut t ering t he word Ra` ina.'' ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam also said similarly.

The extreme Enmity that the Disbelievers and the People of the Book have against Muslims Allah said next (2:105),

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キぁ ヲ∠ Α∠ ゅｚョぴ び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴｚ レ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Neit her t hose who disbelieve among t he People of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) nor AlMushrikin (t he idolat ers), like t hat t here should be sent down unt o you any good from your Lord). Allah described t he deep enmit y t hat t he disbelieving polyt heist s and People of t he Script ure, whom Allah warned against imit at ing, have against t he believers, so t hat Muslims should sever all friendship wit h t hem. Also, Allah ment ioned what He grant ed t he believers of t he perfect Law t hat He legislat ed for t heir Prophet Muhammad . Allah said,

ヱ⊥ク ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ゾ ぁ わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ びユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや (But Allah chooses for His mercy whom He wills. And Allah is t he Owner of great bount y) (2:105).

∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ゲ∃ ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほル∠ ゅ∠ヰジ ͡ レ⊥ル ∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ∇オジ ∠ レ∠ル ゅ∠ョぴ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ - ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇んョ͡ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΕ ∠ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇バゎ∠ び ゲ∃ Β͡ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ ｙ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ (106. What ever a verse (revelat ion) do Nansakh (We abrogat e) or Nunsiha (cause t o be forgot t en), We bring a bet t er one or similar t o it . Know you not t hat Allah is Able t o do all t hings) (107. Know you not t hat it is Allah t o Whom belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h And besides Allah you have neit her any Wali (prot ect or or guardian) nor any helper.)

The Meaning of Naskh Ibn Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

びる∃ Α∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ∇オジ ∠ レ∠ル ゅ∠ョぴ (What ever a verse (revelat ion) do Nansakh) means, "What ever an Ayah We abrogat e.'' Also, Ibn Jurayj said t hat Muj ahid said t hat ,

びる∃ Α∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ∇オジ ∠ レ∠ル ゅ∠ョぴ (What ever a verse (revelat ion) do Nansakh) means, "What ever an Ayah We erase.'' Also, Ibn Abi Naj ih said t hat Muj ahid said t hat ,

びる∃ Α∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ∇オジ ∠ レ∠ル ゅ∠ョぴ (What ever a verse (revelat ion) do Nansakh) means, "We keep t he words, but change t he meaning.'' He relat ed t hese words t o t he companions of ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud. Ibn Abi Hat im said t hat similar st at ement s were ment ioned by Abu Al-` Aliyah and Muhammad bin Ka` b AlQurazi. Also As-Suddi said t hat ,

びる∃ Α∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ∇オジ ∠ レ∠ル ゅ∠ョぴ (What ever a verse (revelat ion) do Nansakh) means, "We erase it .'' Furt her, Ibn Abi Hat im said t hat it means, "Erase and raise it , such as erasing t he following wordings (from t he Qur'an), ` The married adult erer and t he married adult eress: st one t hem t o deat h,' and, ` If t he son of Adam had t wo valleys of gold, he would seek a t hird.''' Ibn Jarir st at ed t hat ,

びる∃ Α∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ∇オジ ∠ レ∠ル ゅ∠ョぴ (What ever a verse (revelat ion) do Nansakh) means, "What ever ruling we repeal in an Ayah by making t he allowed unlawful and t he unlawful allowed.'' The Nasakh only occurs wit h commandment s, prohibit ions, permissions, and so fort h. As for st ories, t hey do not undergo Nasakh. The word, ` Nasakh' lit erally means, ` t o copy a book'. The meaning of Nasakh in t he case of commandment s is removing t he commandment and replacing it by anot her. And whet her t he Nasakh involves t he wordings, t he ruling or bot h, it is st ill called Nasakh. Allah said next ,

びゅ∠ヰジ ͡ レ⊥ル ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or Nunsiha (cause it t o be forgot t en)). ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

びゅ∠ヰジ ͡ レ⊥ル ∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ∇オジ ∠ レ∠ル ゅ∠ョぴ (What ever a verse (revelat ion) do Nansakh or Nunsiha) means, "What ever Ayah We repeal or uphold wit hout change.'' Also, Muj ahid said t hat t he companions of Ibn Mas` ud (who read t his word Nansa'ha) said t hat it means, "We uphold it s wording and change it s ruling.'' Furt her, ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr, Muj ahid and ` At a' said, ` Nansa'ha' means, "We delay it (i.e., do not abrogat e it ).'' Furt her, ` At iyyah Al-` Awfi said t hat t he Ayah means, "We delay repealing it .'' This is t he same Tafsir provided by As-Suddi and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas. ` Abdur-Razzaq said t hat Ma` mar said t hat Qat adah said about Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ヰジ ͡ レ⊥ル ∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ∇オジ ∠ レ∠ル ゅ∠ョぴ (What ever a verse (revelat ion) do We abrogat e or cause t o be forgot t en) "Allah made His Prophet forget what He willed and He abrogat ed what He will.'' Allah's said,

びゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇んョ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ゲ∃ ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほル∠ ぴ (We bring a bet t er one or similar t o it ), bet t er, relat es t o t he benefit provided for t he one it addresses, as report ed from ` Ali bin Abi Talhah t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

びゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ゲ∃ ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほル∠ ぴ (We bring a bet t er one) means, "We bring fort h a more beneficial ruling, t hat is also easier for you.'' Also, As-Suddi said t hat ,

びゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇んョ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ゲ∃ ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほル∠ ぴ (We bring a bet t er one or similar t o it ) means, "We bring fort h a bet t er Ayah, or similar t o t hat which was repealed.'' Qat adah also said t hat ,

びゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇んョ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ゲ∃ ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほル∠ ぴ

(We bring a bet t er one or similar t o it ) means, "We replace it by an Ayah more facilit at ing, permit t ing, commanding, or prohibit ing.''

Naskh occurs even though the Jews deny it Allah said,

∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ゲ∃ ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほル∠ ゅ∠ヰジ ͡ レ⊥ル ∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ∇オジ ∠ レ∠ル ゅ∠ョぴ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ - ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇んョ͡ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΕ ∠ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇バゎ∠ び ゲ∃ Β͡ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ ｙ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ (Know you not t hat Allah is Able t o do all t hings Know you not t hat it is Allah t o Whom belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h And besides Allah you have neit her any Wali (prot ect or or guardian) nor any helper). Allah direct ed His servant s t o t he fact t hat He alone is t he Owner of His creat ures and t hat He does wit h t hem as He wills. Indeed, His is t he supreme aut horit y and all creat ion is His, and j ust as He creat ed t hem as He wills, He brings happiness t o whom He wills, misery t o whom He wills, healt h t o whom He wills and ailment t o whom He wills. He also brings success t o whom He wills and failure t o whom He wills. He j udges bet ween His servant s as He wills, allows what He wills and disallows what He wills. He decides what He wills, t here is no opponent for His j udgment , and no one can quest ion Him about what He does, while t hey shall be quest ioned. He t est s His servant s and t heir obedience t o His Messengers by t he Naskh. He commands a mat t er cont aining a benefit which He knows of, and t hen He out of His wisdom, prohibit s it . Hence, perfect obedience is realized by adhering t o His commands, following His Messengers, believing in what ever t hey convey, implement ing t heir commands and avoiding what t hey prohibit . The st at ement s of Allah here cont ain t remendous benefit , prove t hat t he Jews are disbelievers and refut e t heir claim t hat Naskh does not occur, may Allah curse t he Jews. In ignorance and arrogance t hey claimed t hat t he sound mind st ipulat es t hat Naskh does not occur. Some of t hem falsely claimed t hat t here are divine t ext s t hat dismiss t he possibilit y t hat Naskh occurred. Imam Abu Ja` far bin Jarir said, "The Ayah means, ` Do you not know, O Muhammad, t hat I alone own t he heavens and t he eart h and t hat I decide what ever I will in t hem I forbid what ever I will, change and repeal what ever I will of My previous rulings, whenever I will. I also uphold what ever I will.'' Ibn Jarir t hen said, "Alt hough Allah direct ed His st at ement indicat ing His great ness t owards His Prophet , He also rej ect ed t he lies of t he Jews who denied t hat t he rulings of t he Torah could undergo Naskh. The Jews also denied t he prophet hood of Jesus and Muhammad, because of t heir dislike for what t hey brought from Allah, such as changing some rulings of t he Torah, as Allah commanded. Allah t hus proclaimed t o t he Jews t hat He owns t he heavens and eart h and

also all aut horit y in t hem. Furt her, t he subj ect s in Allah's kingdom are His creat ion, and t hey are required t o hear and obey His commands and prohibit ions. Allah has full aut horit y t o command t he creat ion as He wills, forbidding t hem from what He wills, abrogat e what He wills, uphold what He wills, and decide what ever commandment s and prohibit ions He wills.'' I (Ibn Kat hir) say t hat t he Jews' dismissal of t he occurrence of t he Naskh is only a case of t heir disbelief and rebellion. The sound mind does not deny t hat t here could be a Naskh in Allah's commandment s, for He decides what He wills, j ust as He does what He wills. Furt her, Naskh occurred in previous Books and Law. For inst ance, Allah allowed Adam t o marry his daught ers t o his sons and t hen lat er forbade t his pract ice. Allah also allowed Nuh t o eat from all kinds of animals aft er t hey left t he ark, t hen prohibit ed eat ing some t ypes of foods. Furt her, marrying t wo sist ers t o one man was allowed for Israel and his children, but Allah prohibit ed t his pract ice lat er in t he Torah. Allah commanded Abraham t o slaught er his son, t hen repealed t hat command before it was implement ed. Also, Allah commanded t he Children of Israel t o kill t hose who worshipped t he calf and t hen repealed t hat command, so t hat t he Children of Israel were not all ext erminat ed. There are many ot her inst ances t hat t he Jews admit have occurred, yet t hey ignore t hem. Also, it is a well-known fact t hat t heir Books foret old about Muhammad and cont ained t he command t o follow him. These t ext s, in t heir Books, indicat e t hat t he Jews were required t o follow t he Prophet Muhammad and t hat no good deed would be accept ed from t hem, unless it conformed t o Muhammad's Law. The Prophet brought anot her Book, - t he Qur'an -, which is t he last revelat ion from Allah.

ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ モ ∠ ゃ͡ シ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ モ ｚッ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηゅ͡よ ゲ∠ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや メ ͡ ギｚ ら∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ びモ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや ￢∠ へ∠ヲシ ∠ (108. Or do you want t o ask your Messenger (Muhammad ) as Musa (Moses) was asked before (i.e. show us openly our Lord) And he who changes fait h for disbelief, verily, he has gone ast ray from t he right way.)

The Prohibition of Unnecessary Questions In t his Ayah, Allah forbade t he believers from asking t he Prophet numerous quest ions about mat t ers t hat did not occur yet . Similarly, Allah said,

ギ∠ ∇らゎ⊥ ラ͡ま ￢∠ べ∠Β∇セぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ラ ⊥ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ｚゴレ∠ Α⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ぽジ ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ ∇らゎ⊥ (O you who believe! Ask not about t hings which, if made plain t o you, may cause you t rouble. But if you ask about t hem while t he Qur'an is being revealed, t hey will be made plain t o you) (5:101).

This Ayah means, "If you ask about a mat t er aft er it is revealed, it shall be duly explained t o you. Therefore, do not ask about mat t ers t hat have not occurred yet , for t hey might become prohibit ed, due t o your quest ions.'' This is why t he Sahih narrat ed,

￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ∇リハ ∠ メ ∠ ほ∠シ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ゲィ ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ∠ ヌ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» «ヮ͡わャ∠ほ∠∇ジョ∠ モ ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ュ∠ ゲあ エ ⊥ プ∠ ∩∇ュゲｚ ∠エΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ (The great est criminal among t he Muslims is t he one who asks if a t hing is prohibit ed, which is not prohibit ed, and it becomes prohibit ed because of his asking about it .) This is why when t he Messenger of Allah was asked about a husband who finds anot her man wit h his wife; if he exposes t he adult ery, he will be exposing a maj or incident ; if he is quiet about it , he will be quiet about a maj or mat t er. The Messenger of Allah did not like such quest ions. Lat er on, Allah revealed t he ruling of Mula` anah Refer t o Nur 24:6-9 in t he Qur'an . The Two Sahihs recorded t hat Al-Mughirah bin Shu` bah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah "Forbade saying, ` It was said' and ` He said,' and wast ing money and asking many quest ions.'' Muslim recorded t hat t he Prophet said,

∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠ワ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ∩∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヶ͡ルヱ⊥ケク∠ » や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ も͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ∇ユヰ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡や∠ぽシ ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇んム∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇Βヰ∠ ル∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ゲョ∠ ぺ∠ «ロヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ∇リハ ∠ (Leave me as I leave you; t hose before you were only dest royed because of t heir excessive quest ioning and disput ing wit h t heir Prophet s. Therefore, when I command you wit h a mat t er, adhere t o it as much as you can, and when I forbid from somet hing, avoid it .) The Prophet only said t his aft er he t old t he Companions t hat Allah has ordered t hem t o perform Haj j . A man asked, "Every year, O Messenger of Allah'' The Prophet did not answer him, but he repeat ed his quest ion t hree t imes. Then t he Prophet said,

ゅ∠ヨャ∠ ∇ろら∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ィ ∠ ヲ∠ ャ∠ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ャ» «ユ⊥わ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや (No. Had I said yes, it would have been ordained, and you would not have been able t o implement it .)

This is why Anas bin Malik said, "We were forbidden from asking t he Messenger of Allah about t hings. So we were delight ed when a bedouin man would come and ask him while we list ened.'' Muhammad bin Ishaq said t hat Muhammad bin Abi Muhammad t old him t hat ` Ikrimah or Sa` id said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Rafi` bin Huraymilah or Wahb bin Zayd said, "O Muhammad! Bring us a Book sent down from heaven and which we could read, and make some rivers flow for us, t hen we will follow you and believe in you.'' Allah sent down t he answer t o t his challenge,

ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ モ ∠ ゃ͡ シ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ モ ｚッ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηゅ͡よ ゲ∠ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや メ ͡ ギｚ ら∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ びモ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや ￢∠ へ∠ヲシ ∠ (Or do you want t o ask your Messenger (Muhammad ) as Musa was asked before (i.e. show us openly our Lord) And he who changes fait h for disbelief, verily, he has gone ast ray from t he right way). Allah crit icized t hose who ask t he Messenger of Allah about a cert ain mat t er j ust for t he purpose of being difficult , j ust as t he Children of Israel asked Musa out of st ubbornness, rej ect ion and rebellion. Allah said,

びリ ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηゅ͡よ ゲ∠ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや メ ͡ ギｚ ら∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And he who changes fait h for disbelief) meaning, whoever prefers disbelief t o fait h,

びモ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや ￢∠ へ∠ヲシ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (verily, he has gone ast ray from t he right way) meaning, he has st rayed from t he st raight pat h, t o t he pat h of ignorance and misguidance. This is t he case of t hose who deviat ed from accept ing t he Prophet s and obeying t hem and t hose who kept asking t heir Prophet s unnecessary quest ions in defiance and disbelief, j ust as Allah said,

∇やヲぁヤェ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャギｚ よ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ル∇ヲ∠ヤ∇ダ∠Α ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ - ケ͡ や∠ヲら∠ ∇ャや ケ∠ や∠キ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ び ケ⊥ や∠ゲボ∠ ∇ャや

(Have you not seen t hose who have changed t he blessings of Allah int o disbelief (by denying Prophet Muhammad and his Message of Islam), and caused t heir people t o dwell in t he house of dest ruct ion Hell, in which t hey will burn and what an evil place t o set t le in!) (14:28-29). Abu Al-` Aliyah comment ed, "They exchanged comfort for hardship.''

ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ユ⊥ムル∠ ヱぁキゲ⊥ Α∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ キｚ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ギ͡ ∇レハ ͡ ∇リョあ や⇔ギジ ∠ェ ∠ や⇔ケゅｚヘミ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エヘ∠ ∇タや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇ハゅ∠プ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ - ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ムジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルΕ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョギあ ボ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや び ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ (109. Many of t he People of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) wish t hat t hey could t urn you away as disbelievers aft er you have believed, out of envy from t heir own selves, even aft er t he t rut h (t hat Muhammad is Allah's Messenger) has become manifest unt o t hem. But forgive and overlook, t ill Allah brings His command. Verily, Allah is able t o do all t hings.) (110. And perform t he Salah and give t he Zakah, and what ever of good you send fort h for yourselves before you, you shall find it wit h Allah. Cert ainly, Allah is t he Seer of what you do.)

The Prohibition of following the Ways of the People of the Book Allah warned His believing servant s against following t he ways of t he People of Book, who publicly and secret ly harbor emnit y and hat red for t he believers, and who envy t he believers, while t hey recognize t he virt ue of t he believers and t heir Prophet . Allah also commanded His believing servant s t o forgive t hem and t o be pat ient wit h t hem, unt il Allah delivers His aid and vict ory t o t hem. Allah commanded t he believers t o perform t he prayer perfect ly, t o pay t he Zakah and He encouraged t hem t o preserve t he pract ice of t hese right eous deeds. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Ka` b bin Malik said t hat Ka` b bin Al-Ashraf, who was a Jew and a poet , used t o crit icize t he Prophet in his poems, so Allah revealed,

びユ⊥ムル∠ ヱぁキゲ⊥ Α∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ キｚ ヱ∠ ぴ (Many of t he People of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) wish t hat t hey could t urn you away..) regarding his mat t er. Also, Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "An unlet t ered Messenger came t o t he People of t he Script ures confirming what t hey have in t heir own Books about t he Messengers and t he Ayat of

Allah. He also believes in all of t his, j ust as t hey believe in it . Yet , t hey rej ect ed t he Prophet out of disbelief, envy and t ransgression. This is why Allah said,

リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ギ͡ ∇レハ ͡ ∇リョあ や⇔ギジ ∠ェ ∠ や⇔ケゅｚヘミ⊥ ぴ びペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ (out of envy from t heir own selves, even aft er t he t rut h (t hat Muhammad is Allah's Messenger) has become manifest unt o t hem). Allah said t hat aft er He illuminat ed t he t rut h for t hem, such t hat t hey were not ignorant of any of it , yet t heir envy made t hem deny t he Prophet . Thus Allah crit icized, chast ised and denounced t hem.'' Allah legislat ed t he charact erist ics t hat His Prophet and t he believers should adhere t o: belief, fait h and accept ing what Allah revealed t o t hem and t o t hose before t hem out of His generosit y and t remendous kindness. Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said t hat ,

び∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ギ͡ ∇レハ ͡ ∇リョあ ぴ (from t heir own selves) means, "of t heir making.'' Also, Abu Al-` Aliyah said t hat ,

びペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョぴ (even aft er t he t rut h (t hat Muhammad is Allah's Messenger) has become manifest unt o t hem) means, "Aft er it became clear t hat Muhammad is t he Messenger of Allah whom t hey find writ t en of in t he Torah and t he Inj il. They denied him in disbelief and t ransgression because he was not one of t hem.'' Qat adah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said similarly. Allah said,

びロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エヘ∠ ∇タや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇ハゅ∠プぴ (But forgive and overlook, t ill Allah brings His command.) t his is similar t o His saying;

∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ バ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ン⇔ク∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ (And you shall cert ainly hear much t hat will grieve you from t hose who received t he Script ure before you (Jews and Christ ians) and from t hose who ascribe part ners t o Allah) (3: 186). ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エヘ∠ ∇タや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇ハゅ∠プぴ (But forgive and overlook, t ill Allah brings His command.) was abrogat ed by t he Ayah,

び∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎぁ ギ∠ィヱ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プぴ (Then kill t he Mushrikin wherever you find t hem) (9:5), and,

びゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ホぴ (Fight against t hose who believe not in Allah, nor in t he Last Day) (9:29) unt il,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲピ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And feel t hemselves subdued) (9:29). Allah's pardon for t he disbelievers was repealed.'' Abu Al-` Aliyah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Qat adah and As-Suddi said similarly: It was abrogat ed by t he Ayah of t he sword." (Ment ioned above). The Ayah,

びロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (t ill Allah brings His command.) gives furt her support for t his view. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded Usamah bin Zayd saying t hat t he Messenger of Allah and his Companions used t o forgive t he disbelievers and t he People of t he Book, j ust as Allah commanded in His st at ement ,

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エヘ∠ ∇タや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇ハゅ∠プぴ び∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (But forgive and overlook, t ill Allah brings His command. Verily, Allah is able t o do all t hings). The Messenger of Allah used t o forgive t hem and was pat ient wit h t hem as Allah ordered him, unt il Allah allowed fight ing t hem. Then Allah dest royed t hose who He decreed t o be killed among t he st rong men of Quraysh, by t he Prophet 's forces. The chain of narrat ion for t his t ext is Sahih, but I did not see it s wordings in t he six collect ions of Hadit h, alt hough t he basis of it is in t he Two Sahihs, narrat ed from Usamah bin Zayd.

The Encouragement to perform Good Deeds Allah said,

∇やヲ⊥ョギあ ボ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ムジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルΕ ∠ (And perform t he Salah and give t he Zakah, and what ever of good you send fort h for yourselves before you, you shall find it wit h Allah). Allah encouraged t he believers t o busy t hemselves in performing deeds t hat would bring t hem benefit and reward on t he Day of Resurrect ion, such as prayer and paying Zakah. This way, t hey will gain Allah's aid in t his life and on a Day when t he wit nesses t est ify,

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ∇バヤｚ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇バョ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び ケ͡ やｚギャや ￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ (The Day when t heir excuses will be of no profit t o t he Zalimin (wrongdoers). Theirs will be t he curse, and t heirs will be t he evil abode (i.e. painful t orment in Hell-fire)) (40:52). This is why Allah said,

び∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Cert ainly, Allah sees what you do), meaning, t hat He is never unaware of t he deeds of any person, nor will t hese deeds be lost by Him. Whet her deeds are right eous or evil, Allah will award each according t o what he or she deserves based on t heir deeds.

∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔キヲ⊥ワ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ リ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ワ∇ゲよ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ワ ∇モホ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ Βぁ ル͡ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダル∠ ∀リ͡ジ∇エョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ヮ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚ ャや ろ ͡ ジ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠

￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ジ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚ ャや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャゅ∠プ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ (111. And t hey say, "None shall ent er Paradise unless he be a Jew or a Christ ian.'' These are t heir own desires. Say (O Muhammad ), "Produce your Burhan if you are t rut hful.'') (112. Yes! But whoever submit s his face (himself) t o Allah (i.e. follows Allah's religion of Islamic Monot heism) and he is a Muhsin t hen his reward is wit h his Lord (Allah), on such shall be no fear, nor shall t hey grieve.) (113. The Jews said t hat t he Christ ians follow not hing (i.e. are not on t he right religion); and t he Christ ians said t hat t he Jews follow not hing (i.e. are not on t he right religion); t hough t hey bot h recit e t he Script ure. Like unt o t heir word, said t hose (t he pagans) who know not . Allah will j udge bet ween t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion about t hat wherein t hey have been differing.)

The Hopes of the People of the Book Allah made t he confusion of t he Jews and t he Christ ians clear, since t hey claim t hat no one will ent er Paradise, unless he is a Jew or a Christ ian. Similarly, Allah ment ioned t heir claims in Surat Al-Ma'idah:

びロ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅｚらェ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ￢⊥ ゅ∠レ∇よぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ぴ (We are t he children of Allah and His loved ones) (5:18). Allah refut ed t his false claim and informed t hem t hat t hey will be punished because of t heir sins. Previously we ment ioned t heir claim t hat t he Fire would not t ouch t hem for more t han a few days, aft er which t hey would be put in Paradise. Allah rebuked t his claim, and He said about t his baseless claim, m

び∇ユヰ⊥ Βぁ ル͡ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ (These are t heir own desires). Abu Al-` Aliyah comment ed, "These are wishes t hat t hey wished Allah would answer, wit hout basis.'' Similar was st at ed by Qat adah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas. Allah t hen said,

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ

(Say) meaning, "Say O Muhammad:''

び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ワ∇ゲよ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ワぴ ("Produce your Burhan...'') meaning, "Your proof'', as Abu Al-` Aliyah, Muj ahid, As-Suddi and ArRabi` bin Anas st at ed. Qat adah said t hat t he Ayah means, "Bring t he evidence t hat support s your st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まぴ (if you are t rut hful) in your claim. '' Allah t hen said,

び∀リ͡ジ∇エョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ヮ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ぴ (Yes! But whoever submit s his face (himself) t o Allah (i.e. follows Allah's religion of Islamic Monot heism) and he is a Muhsin) meaning, "Whoever performs deeds in sincerit y, for Allah alone wit hout part ners.'' In a similar st at ement , Allah said,

リ ͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ポ ∠ ヲぁィべ∠ェ ∇ラみ∠プぴ びリ ͡ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や (So if t hey disput e wit h you (Muhammad ) say: "I have submit t ed myself t o Allah (in Islam), and (so have) t hose who follow me.'') (3:20) Abu Al-` Aliyah and Ar-Rabi` said t hat ,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ヮ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ぴ (Yes! But whoever submit s his face (himself) t o Allah) means, "Whoever is sincere wit h Allah.'' Also, Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat ,

びユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ぴ (Yes! But whoever submit s) means, he is sincere,

びヮ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ぴ (his face (himself)) meaning, in his religion.

び∀リ͡ジ∇エョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and he is a Muhsin) following t he Messenger . For t here are t wo condit ions for deeds t o be accept ed; t he deed must be performed for Allah's sake alone and conform t o t he Shari` ah. When t he deed is sincere, but does not conform t o t he Shari` ah, t hen it will not be accept ed. The Messenger of Allah said,

«キ∠ケ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ⇔ヤヨ∠ ハ ∠ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » (Whoever performs a deed t hat does not conform wit h our mat t er (religion), t hen it will be rej ect ed.) This Hadit h was recorded by Muslim. Therefore, t he good deeds of t he priest s and rabbis will not be accept ed, even if t hey are sincerely for Allah alone, because t hese deeds do not conform wit h t he met hod of t he Messenger , who was sent for all mankind. Allah said regarding such cases,

￢⇔ べ∠らワ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ モ ∃ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇ョギ͡ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥んレｚョ (And We shall t urn t o what ever deeds t hey (disbelievers, polyt heist s, sinners) did, and We shall make such deeds as scat t ered float ing part icles of dust .) (25:23)

ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ る∃ バ∠ Β͡ボよ͡ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲジ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ロ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ラ ⊥ べ∇ヨヌ ｚ ャや (As for t hose who disbelieved, t heir deeds are like a mirage in a desert . The t hirst y one t hinks it t o be wat er, unt il he comes up t o it , he finds it t o be not hing.) (24:39) and,

ヴ∠ヤ∇ダゎ∠ - る∀ ら∠ タ ͡ ゅｚル る∀ ヤ∠ョ͡ ゅ∠ハ - る∀ バ∠ ゼ ͡ ⇒∠カ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ぴ び る∃ Β∠ ル͡ や∠￢ リ ∃ ∇Βハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ジゎ⊥ - る⇔ Β∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ェ や⇔ケゅ∠ル

(Some faces, t hat Day will be humiliat ed. Laboring, weary. They will ent er in t he hot blazing Fire. They will be given t o drink from a boiling spring) (88:2-5). When t he deed conforms t o t he Shari` ah out wardly, but t he person did not perform it sincerely for Allah alone, t he deed will also be rej ect ed, as in t he case of t he hypocrit es and t hose who do t heir deeds t o show off. Similarly, Allah said,

や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ハ ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギ͡ ⇒∠ガΑ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢へ∠ゲΑ⊥ ヴ∠ャゅ∠ジミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホ り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ (Verily, t he hypocrit es seek t o deceive Allah, but it is He Who deceives t hem. And when t hey st and up for As-Salah (t he prayer), t hey st and wit h laziness t o be seen by people, and t hey do not remember Allah but lit t le.) (4:142) and,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ワゅ∠シ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ヤタ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - リ ∠ Βあヤダ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ モ ∀ ∇Αヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢へ∠ゲΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや (So woe unt o t hose performers of Salah (prayers) (hypocrit es). Those who delay t heir Salah (from t heir st at ed fixed t imes). Those who do good deeds only t o be seen (of men). And wit hhold Al-Ma` un (small kindnesses)) (107:4-7). This is why Allah said,

ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ Κ ⇔ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ びや∠ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ り͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ (So whoever hopes for t he meet ing wit h his Lord, let him work right eousness and associat e none as a part ner in t he worship of his Lord) (18: 110). He also said in t his Ayah,

び∀リ͡ジ∇エョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ヮ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ぴ (Yes, but whoever submit s his face (himself) t o Allah (follows Allah's religion of Islamic Monot heism) and he is a Muhsin).

Allah's st at ement ,

∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ (Shall have t heir reward wit h t heir Lord, on t hem shall be no fear, nor shall t hey grieve) guarant eed t hem t he rewards and safet y from what t hey fear and should avoid.

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (There shall be no fear on t hem) in t he fut ure,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor shall t hey grieve) about what t hey abandoned in t he past . Moreover, Sa` id bin Jubayr said,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ "(There shall be no fear on t hem) in t he Hereaft er, and

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor shall t hey grieve) about t heir imminent deat h.''

The Jews and Christians dispute among Themselves out of Disbelief and Stubbornness Allah said,

￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚ ャや ろ ͡ ジ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャや ろ ͡ ジ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚ ャや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ びょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠

(The Jews said t hat t he Christ ians follow not hing (i.e. are not on t he right religion); and t he Christ ians said t hat t he Jews follow not hing (i.e. are not on t he right religion); t hough t hey bot h recit e t he Script ure.) Allah explained t he disput es, hat red and st ubbornness t hat t he People of t he Book have t owards each ot her. Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "When a delegat ion of Christ ians from Naj ran came t o t he Messenger of Allah , t he Jewish rabbis came and began arguing wit h t hem before t he Messenger of Allah . Rafi` bin Huraymilah said, ` You do not follow anyt hing,' and he reit erat ed his disbelief in Jesus and t he Inj il. Then a Christ ian man from Naj ran's delegat ion said t o t he Jews, ` Rat her, you do not follow anyt hing,' and he reit erat ed his rej ect ion of Musa's prophet hood and his disbelief in t he Torah. So Allah revealed t he Ayah,

￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚ ャや ろ ͡ ジ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャや ろ ͡ ジ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚ ャや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ びょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ (The Jews said t hat t he Christ ians follow not hing (i.e. are not on t he right religion); and t he Christ ians said t hat t he Jews follow not hing (i.e. are not on t he right religion); t hough t hey bot h recit e t he Script ure. )'' Allah made it clear t hat each part y read t he affirmat ion of what t hey claimed t o rej ect in t heir Book. Consequent ly, t he Jews disbelieve in Jesus, even t hough t hey have t he Torah in which Allah t ook t heir Covenant by t he t ongue of Moses t o believe in Jesus. Also, t he Gospel cont ains Jesus' assert ion t hat Moses' prophet hood and t he Torah came from Allah. Yet , each part y disbelieved in what t he ot her part y had. Allah said,

び∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Like unt o t heir word, said t hose who know not ) t hus exposing t he ignorance displayed by t he Jews and t he Christ ians concerning t heir st at ement s t hat we ment ioned. There is a difference of opinion regarding t he meaning of Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (who know not ) For inst ance, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and Qat adah said t hat ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Like unt o t heir word, said t hose said t hose who know not ) means, "The Christ ians said similar st at ement s t o t he Jews.'' Ibn Jurayj asked ` At a' "Who are t hose ` who know not ''' ` At a' said, "Nat ions t hat exist ed before t he Jews and t he Christ ians and before t he Torah and t he Gospel.'' Also, As-Suddi said t hat ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (said t hose who know not ) is in reference t o t he Arabs who said t hat Muhammad was not following anyt hing (i. e. did not follow a t rue or exist ing religion). Abu Ja` far bin Jarir chose t he view t hat t his Ayah is general and t hat t here is no evidence t hat specifically support s any of t hese explanat ions. So int erpret ing t he Ayah in a general way is bet t er. Allah knows best . Allah said,

ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャゅ∠プぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ (Allah will j udge bet ween t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion about t hat wherein t hey have been differing.) meaning, t hat Allah will gat her t hem all on t he Day of Ret urn. On t hat Day, Allah will j ust ly j udge bet ween t hem, for He is never unj ust wit h anyone, even as lit t le as t he weight of an at om. This Ayah is similar t o Allah's st at ement in Surat Al-Haj j (22:17),

∠リΒ͡ゃ͡ら⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ サ ∠ ヲ⊥イヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚ ャや∠ヱ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒Β͡ボ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ⊥ダ ͡ ∇ヘΑ∠ び ∀ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ (Verily, t hose who believe (in Allah and in His Messenger Muhammad ), and t hose who are Jews, and t he Sabians, and t he Christ ians, and t he Maj us, and t hose who associat e part ners wit h Allah; t ruly, Allah will j udge bet ween t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Verily, Allah is over all t hings a Wit ness). Allah said,

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ウ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゥ ⊥ ゅｚわヘ∠ ∇ャや (Say: "Our Lord will assemble us all t oget her (on t he Day of Resurrect ion), t hen He will j udge bet ween us wit h t rut h. And He is t he Just Judge, t he Knower of t he t rue st at e of affairs.'') (34:26).

ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゲ∠ ミ∠ ∇グΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ イ ͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ノ∠ レ∠ ョｚ リｚヨョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ べ∠ヰよ͡ や∠ゲカ ∠ ヴ͡プ ヴ∠バシ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇シや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∀ン∇ゴ͡カ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヘも͡ べ∠カ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ワヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや (114. And who are more unj ust t han t hose who forbid t hat Allah's Name be ment ioned (i.e. prayers and invocat ions) in Allah's Masj ids and st rive for t heir ruin It was not fit t ing t hat such should t hemselves ent er t hem (Allah's Masj ids) except in fear. For t hem t here is disgrace in t his world, and t hey will have a great t orment in t he Hereaft er.)

Of the Most Unjust are Those Who prevent People from the Masjids and strive for their Ruin The Quraysh idolat ors are t hose who hindered t he people from t he Masj ids of Allah and want ed t o dest roy t hem. Ibn Jarir report ed t hat Ibn Zayd said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゲ∠ ミ∠ ∇グΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ イ ͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ノ∠ レ∠ ョｚ リｚヨョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びべ∠ヰよ͡ や∠ゲカ ∠ ヴ͡プ ヴ∠バシ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇シや (And who are more unj ust t han t hose who forbid t hat Allah's Name be ment ioned (i.e. prayers and invocat ions) in Allah's Masj ids and st rive for t heir ruin) is about t he Quraysh idolat ors who prevent ed t he Prophet from ent ering Makkah from Al-Hudaybiyyah, unt il he slaught ered t he Hadi (animal for sacrifice) at Dhi-Tuwa. He t hen agreed t o a peace t reat y wit h t he idolat ors and said t o t hem, (No one before has ever prevent ed people from ent ering t he House. One would even see t he killer of his fat her and brot her, but would not prevent him (from ent ering t he House of Allah).) They said, "Whoever killed our fat hers at Badr, shall never ent er it while t here is one of us alive.'' Allah's st at ement ,

びべ∠ヰよ͡ や∠ゲカ ∠ ヴ͡プ ヴ∠バシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and st rive for t heir ruin) means t hose who prevent whoever maint ain t he Masj ids wit h Allah's remembrance and who visit Allah's House t o perform Haj j and ` Umrah. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Quraysh prevent ed t he Prophet from praying at t he Ka` bah in AlMasj id Al-Haram, so Allah revealed,

ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゲ∠ ミ∠ ∇グΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ イ ͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ノ∠ レ∠ ョｚ リｚヨョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇シや (And who are more unj ust t han t hose who forbid t hat Allah's Name be ment ioned (i.e. prayers and invocat ions) in Allah's Masj ids)'' Aft er Allah chast ised t he Jews and Christ ians, He also crit icized t he idolat ors who expelled t he Messenger of Allah and his Companions from Makkah, prevent ing t hem from praying in Al-Masj id Al-Haram, which t hey kept exclusively for t heir idols and polyt heism. Allah said,

リ ͡ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ よ∠ あグバ∠ Α⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ロ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや (And why should not Allah punish t hem while t hey hinder (men) from Al-Masj id Al-Haram, and t hey are not it s guardians None can be it s guardians except Al-Mut t aqun (t he pious), but most of t hem know not .) (8:34)

ぶや ギ∠ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ジョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヨ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ ∇ろト ∠ ら͡ ェ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ͡ヰジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒∠セ ゲ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ イ ͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠

ヴ∠ジバ∠ プ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ズ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ヴ∠ゎや￢∠ヱ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや びリ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ (It is not for t he Mushrikin (polyt heist s), t o maint ain t he Masj ids of Allah while t hey wit ness against t heir own selves of disbelief. The works of such are in vain and in Fire shall t hey abide. The Masj ids of Allah shall be maint ained only by t hose who believe in Allah and t he Last Day; perform t he Salah, and give t he Zakah and fear none but Allah. It is t hey who are on t rue guidance.) (9:17-18) and,

ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱぁギタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ぴ ∀メゅ∠ィ͡ケ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚエ ͡ ョ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ゅ⇔プヲ⊥ム∇バョ∠ ン ∠ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゃト ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ∀ろ⇒∠レ͡ョ∇ぽョぁ ∀￢べ∠ジ͡ル∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ ャあ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ∀りゲｚ バ∠ ョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∇ユム∠らΒ͡ダわ⊥ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠レ∇よグｚ バ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤΑｚ ゴ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ (They are t he ones who disbelieved and hindered you from Al-Masj id-Al-Haram (at Makkah) and det ained t he sacrificial animals, from reaching t heir place of sacrifice. Had t here not been believing men and believing women whom you did not know, t hat you may kill t hem and on whose account a sin would have been commit t ed by you wit hout (your) knowledge, t hat Allah might bring int o His mercy whom He wills if t hey (t he believers and t he disbelievers) had been apart , We verily, would have punished t hose of t hem who disbelieved wit h painful t orment ) (48:25). Therefore, Allah said here,

ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ イ ͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ゲ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ ズ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ヴ∠ゎや￢∠ヱ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ュ∠ ゅ∠ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘや びヮ∠ ヤｚャや (The Masj ids of Allah shall be maint ained only by t hose who believe in Allah and t he Last Day; perform t he Salah, and give t he Zakah and fear none but Allah). Therefore, if t hose believers

who follow t he virt ues ment ioned in t he Ayah were prevent ed from at t ending t he Masj id, t hen what cause for dest ruct ion is worse t han t his Maint aining t he Masj ids not only means beaut ifying t hem, but it involves remembering Allah, est ablishing His Shari` ah in t he Masj ids and purifying t hem from t he filt h of Shirk.

The Good News that Islam shall prevail Allah said next ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヘも͡ べ∠カ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ワヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (It was not fit t ing t hat such should t hemselves ent er t hem (Allah's Masj ids) except in fear). This Ayah means, "Do not allow t hem - t he disbelievers - t o ent er t he Masj ids, except t o sat isfy t he t erms of an armist ice or a t reat y.'' When t he Messenger of Allah conquered Makkah in 9 H, he commanded t hat someone announce at Mina, "Aft er t he current year, no idolat ors shall perform Haj j , and no naked persons shall perform Tawaf around t he House, except for t hose who have a t reat y. In t his case, t he t reat y will be carried t o t he end of it s t erm.'' This Ayah support s t he Ayah,

Κ ∠ プ∠ ザ ∀ イ ∠ ル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユヰ͡ ョ͡ ゅ∠ハ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ュ∠ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ (O you who believe! (in Allah's Oneness and in His Messenger Muhammad )! Verily, t he Mushrikun (idolat ors) are Naj asun (impure). So let t hem not come near Al-Masj id-Al-Haram (at Makkah) aft er t his year) (9:28). It was also said t hat t his Ayah (2:114) carries t he good news for t he Muslims from Allah t hat He will allow t hem t o t ake over Al-Masj id Al-Haram and all t he Masj ids and disgrace t he idolat ors. Soon aft er, t he Ayah indicat ed, no idolat or shall ent er t he House, except out of fear of being seized or killed, unless he embraces Islam. Allah fulfilled t his promise and lat er decreed t hat idolat ors not be allowed t o ent er Al-Masj id Al-Haram. The Messenger of Allah st at ed t hat no t wo religions should remain in t he Arabian Peninsula, and t he Jews and Christ ians should be expelled from it , all praise is due t o Allah. All of t hese rulings ensure maint aining t he honor of Al-Masj id Al-Haram and purifying t he area where Allah sent His Messenger t o warn and bring good news t o all of mankind, may Allah's peace and blessings be on him. This Ayah also described t he disgrace t hat t he disbelievers earn in t his life, and t hat t he punishment comes in a form comparable t o t he deed. Just as t hey prevent ed t he believers from ent ering Al-Masj id Al-Haram, t hey were prevent ed from ent ering it in t urn. Just as t hey expelled t he believers from Makkah, t hey were in t urn expelled from Makkah,

び∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(and t hey will have a great t orment in t he Hereaft er) because t hey breached t he sanct it y of t he House and brought filt h t o it by erect ing idols all around it , invoking ot her t han Allah and performing Tawaf around it while naked, et c. Here it is wort h ment ioning t he Hadit h about seeking refuge from disgrace in t his life and t he t orment of t he Hereaft er. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Busr bin Art ah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o supplicat e,

ゅ∠ル∇ゲィ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤあミ⊥ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ョほ⊥∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅレ∠ わ∠ ら∠ ホ͡ ゅ∠ハ ∇リジ ͡ ∇ェぺ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» «り∠ゲカ ͡ べ∇ャや ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヵ ͡ ∇ゴカ ͡ ∇リョ͡ (O Allah! Make our end bet t er in all affairs, and save us from disgrace in t his life and t he t orment of t he Hereaft er.) This Hadit h is Hasan.

ヮ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ ユｚ ん∠ プ∠ ∇やヲぁャヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∠レ∇Α∠ほ∠プ ゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ノ∀ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (115. And t o Allah belong t he east and t he west , so wherever you t urn (yourselves or your faces) t here is t he Face of Allah (and He is High above, over His Throne). Surely, Allah is Sufficient (for His creat ures' needs), Knowing.)

Facing the Qiblah (Direction of the Prayer) This ruling brought comfort t o t he Messenger of Allah and his Companions, who were driven out of Makkah and had t o depart from t he area of Al-Masj id Al-Haram. In Makkah, t he Messenger of Allah used t o pray in t he direct ion of Bayt Al-Maqdis, while t he Ka` bah was bet ween him and t he Qiblah. When t he Messenger migrat ed t o Al-Madinah, he faced Bayt Al-Maqdis for sixt een or sevent een mont hs, and t hen Allah direct ed him t o face Al-Ka` bah in prayer. This is why Allah said,

ヮ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ ユｚ ん∠ プ∠ ∇やヲぁャヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∠レ∇Α∠ほ∠プ ゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや (And t o Allah belong t he east and t he west , so wherever you t urn (yourselves or your faces) t here is t he Face of Allah (and He is High above, over His Throne)).

` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The first part of t he Qur'an t hat was abrogat ed was about t he Qiblah. When t he Messenger of Allah migrat ed t o Al-Madinah, which was inhabit ed by t he Jews, he was at first commanded t o face Bayt Al-Maqdis. The Jews were happy, and t he Messenger of Allah faced Bayt Al-Maqdis for some t en mont hs. However, t he Messenger of Allah liked t o face t he Qiblah of Ibrahim (Al-Ka` bah at Makkah), and he used t o look t o t he sky and supplicat e. So Allah revealed,

び͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ マ ∠ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ょ ∠ ヤぁボ∠ ゎ∠ ン∠ゲル∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Verily, We have seen t he t urning of your (Muhammad's) face t owards t he heaven) unt il,

びロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇トセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇やヲぁャヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t urn your faces (in prayer) in t hat direct ion) (2:144). The Jews were dist urbed by t his development and said, ` What made t hem change t he direct ion of t he Qiblah t hat t hey used t o face' Allah revealed,

びゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∂ モ⊥ホぴ (Say (O Muhammad ): "To Allah belong bot h, east and t he west '') and,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヮ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ ユｚ ん∠ プ∠ ∇やヲぁャヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∠レ∇Α∠ほ∠プぴ (So wherever you t urn (yourselves or your faces) t here is t he Face of Allah (and He is High above, over His Throne)).'' ` Ikrimah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヮ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ ユｚ ん∠ プ∠ ∇やヲぁャヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∠レ∇Α∠ほ∠プぴ (So wherever you t urn (yourselves or your faces) t here is t he Face of Allah (and He is High above, over His Throne)) means, "Allah's direct ion is wherever you face, east or west .'' Muj ahid said t hat ,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヮ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ ユｚ ん∠ プ∠ ∇やヲぁャヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∠レ∇Α∠ほ∠プぴ (So wherever you t urn (yourselves or your faces) t here is t he Face of Allah (and He is High above, over His Throne))

means, "Wherever you may be, you have a Qiblah t o face, t hat is, Al-Ka` bah.'' However, it was said t hat Allah sent down t his Ayah before t he order t o face t he Ka` bah. Ibn Jarir said, "Ot hers said t hat t his Ayah was revealed t o t he Messenger of Allah permit t ing t he one praying volunt ary prayers t o face wherever t hey wish in t he east or west , while t raveling, when in fear and when facing t he enemy.'' For inst ance, Ibn ` Umar used t o face what ever direct ion his animal was headed and proclaim t hat t he Messenger of Allah did t he same, explaining t he Ayah,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヮ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ ユｚ ん∠ プ∠ ∇やヲぁャヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∠レ∇Α∠ほ∠プぴ (So wherever you t urn (yourselves or your faces) t here is t he Face of Allah).'' That Hadit h was also collect ed by Muslim, At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hat im, Ibn Marduwyah, and it s origin is in t he Two Sahihs from Ibn ` Umar and ` Amr bin Rabi` ah wit hout ment ioning t he Ayah. In his Sahih, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Nafi` said t hat whenever Ibn ` Umar was asked about t he prayer during t imes of fear, he used t o describe it and would t hen say, "When t he sense of fear is worse t han t hat , pray while st anding, or while riding, whet her facing t he Qiblah or not .'' Nafi` t hen said, "I t hink Ibn ` Umar ment ioned t hat from t he Prophet .'' It was also said t hat t he Ayah was revealed about t hose who are unable t o find t he correct direct ion of t he Qiblah in t he dark or due t o cloudy skies and, t hus, prayed in a direct ion ot her t han t he Qiblah by mist ake.

The Qiblah for the People of Al-Madinah is what is between the East and the West In his Tafsir of t his Ayah (2:115), Al-Hafiz Ibn Marduwyah recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワほ∠ャ͡ る∀ ヤ∠∇らホ͡ ゆ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ» «ベや∠ゲバ͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ュ͡ ゅｚゼャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ (What is bet ween t he east and t he west is t he Qiblah for t he people of Al-Madinah, Ash-Sham and ` Iraq.) At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah recorded t his Hadit h wit h t he wording,

«る∠ヤ∇らホ͡ ゆ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (What is bet ween t he east and t he west is a Qiblah.) Ibn Jarir said, "The meaning of Allah's st at ement ;

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ノ∀ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, Allah is Sufficient (for His creat ures' needs), Knowing) is t hat Allah encompasses all His Creat ion by providing t hem wit h sufficient needs and by His generosit y and favor. His st at ement ,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハぴ (Knowing) means He is knowledgeable of t heir deeds and not hing escapes His wat ch, nor is He unaware of anyt hing. Rat her, His knowledge encompasses everyt hing.''

ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ∠よ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ や⇔ギ∠ャ∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ノ⊥ Α͡ギよ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わレ͡ ⇒∠ホ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ ｘ ミ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや びラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ ∇リミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ (116. And t hey (Jews, Christ ians and pagans) say: Allah has begot t en a son (children or offspring). Glory is t o Him (Exalt ed is He above all t hat t hey associat e wit h Him). Nay, t o Him belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and on eart h, and all are Qanit un t o Him.) (117. The Originat or of t he heavens and t he eart h. When He decrees a mat t er, He only says t o it : "Be! and it is.)

Refuting the Claim that Allah has begotten a Son This and t he following Ayat refut e t he Christ ians, may Allah curse t hem, and t heir like among t he Jews and t he Arab idolat ors, who claimed t hat t he angels are Allah's daught ers. Allah refut ed all of t hem in t heir claim t hat He had begot t en a son. Allah said,

びヮ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ (Glory is t o Him.) meaning, He is holier and more perfect t han such claim;

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ∠よぴ

(Nay, t o Him belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and on eart h,) meaning, t he t rut h is not as t he disbelievers claimed, rat her, Allah's is t he kingdom of t he heavens and eart h and what ever and whoever is in, on and bet ween t hem. Allah is t he Supreme Aut horit y in t he heavens and eart h, and He is t he Creat or, Provider and Sust ainer Who decides all t he affairs of t he creat ion as He wills. All creat ures are Allah's servant s and are owned by Him. Therefore, how could one of t hem be His son The son of any being is born out of t wo comparable beings. Allah has no equal or rival sharing His grace and great ness, so how can He have a son when He has no wife Allah said,

∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ノ⊥ Α͡ギよ∠ ぴ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ る∀ ら∠ エ ͡ ⇒∠タ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ (He is t he Originat or of t he heavens and t he eart h. How can He have children when He has no wife He creat ed all t hings and He is t he Knower of everyt hing) (6:101).

- や⇔キ∂ ま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ - や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや ペ ぁゼ ∠ レ∠ゎヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ゲト ｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや キ⊥ ゅ∠ムゎ∠ - や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ や∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ラ∠ぺ - や⇔ギ∂ ワ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ゲぁ ガ ͡ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ リ∠ョ ぁモミ⊥ ラ͡ま - や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヴ͡ゎへ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ͡ヮΒ͡ゎや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ ヱ∠ - や⇔ギ∂ ハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギｚ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚ び や⇔キ∇ゲプ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや (And t hey say: "The Most Gracious (Allah) has begot t en a son (offspring or children).'' Indeed you have brought fort h (said) a t errible evil t hing. Whereby t he heavens are almost t orn, and t he eart h is split asunder, and t he mount ains fall in ruins. That t hey ascribe a son (or offspring or children) t o t he Most Gracious (Allah). But it is not suit able for (t he maj est y of) t he Most Gracious (Allah) t hat He should beget a son (or offspring or children). There is none in t he heavens and t he eart h but comes unt o t he Most Gracious (Allah) as a servant . Verily, He knows each one of t hem, and has count ed t hem a full count ing. And everyone of t hem will come t o Him alone on t he Day of Resurrect ion (wit hout any helper, or prot ect or or defender)) (19:8895), and,

∇ギャ∠ヲ⊥Α ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ギヤ͡Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ - ギ⊥ ヨ∠ ｚダャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや - ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ や⇔ヲ⊥ヘミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ (Say: "He is Allah (t he) One, Allah t he Samad (t he Self- Sufficent , upon whom all depend), He beget s not , nor was He begot t en, and t here is none comparable t o Him.'') (112). In t hese Ayat , Allah st at ed t hat He is t he Supreme Mast er Whom t here is no equal or rival, everyt hing and everyone was creat ed by Him, so how can He have a son from among t hem This is why, in t he Tafsir of t his Ayah, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Prophet said,

∩∠マャ͡ク ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ⊥ ∇よや ヶ͡レよ∠ グ∂ ミ∠ :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ» ヵ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ Α͡グ∇ムゎ∠ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ∩∠マャ͡ク ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヶ͡レヨ∠ わ∠ セ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ラゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ Β͡ハぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ケ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ホぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ ヶあルぺ∠ ユ⊥ ハ ⊥ ∇ゴΒ∠ プ∠ グ∠ ガ ͡ ゎｚ ぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヶ͡ルゅエ ∠ ∇らジ ⊥ プ∠ や⇔ギ∠ャ∠ヱ ヶ͡ャ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲボ∠ プ∠ ヵ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇わセ ∠ «や⇔ギャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ ら∠ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タ (Allah said, ` The son of Adam has denied Me, and t hat is not his right . He has insult ed Me, and t hat is not his right . As for t he denial of Me, he claimed t hat I am unable t o bring him back as he used t o be (resurrect him). As for his insult ing Me, he claimed t hat I have a son. All praise is due t o Me, it is unbefit t ing t hat I should have a wife or a son.') This Hadit h was recorded by Al-Bukhari. It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ :ぶ ͡ や リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ン⇔ク∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇タぺ∠ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ユ͡ヰΒ͡プゅ∠バΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ギャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イΑ∠ e(No one is more pat ient when hearing an insult t han Allah. They at t ribut e a son t o Him, yet He st ill gives t hem sust anence and healt h.)

Everything is within Allah's Grasp Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥わレ͡ ⇒∠ホ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ぴ (all are Qanit un t o Him). Ibn Abi Hat im said t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Ashaj informed t hem t hat Asbat informed t hem from Mut arrif, from ` At iyah, from Ibn ` Abbas who said t hat ,

びリ ∠ Β͡わレ͡ ⇒∠ホぴ (Qant in) (2:238) means, t hey pray t o Him. ` Ikrimah and Abu Malik also said t hat ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥わレ͡ ⇒∠ホ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ぴ (and all are Qanit un t o Him.) means, bound t o Him in servit ude t o Him. Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat Qanit un is sincerit y. Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said t hat ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥わレ͡ ⇒∠ホ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ぴ (all are Qanit un t o Him.) means, "St anding up - before Him - on t he Day of Resurrect ion.'' Also, As-Suddi said t hat ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥わレ͡ ⇒∠ホ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ぴ (and all are Qanit un t o Him.) means, "Obedient on t he Day of Resurrect ion.'' Khasif said t hat Muj ahid said t hat ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥わレ͡ ⇒∠ホ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ぴ (and all are Qanit un t o Him. ) means, "Obedient . He says, ` Be a human' and he becomes a human.'' He also said, "(Allah says,) ` Be a donkey' and it becomes a donkey.'' Also, Ibn Abi Naj ih said t hat Muj ahid said t hat ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥わレ͡ ⇒∠ホ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ぴ (and all are Qanit un t o Him.) means, obedient . Muj ahid also said, "The obedience of t he disbeliever occurs when his shadow prost rat es, while he hat es t hat .'' Muj ahid's st at ement , which Ibn Jarir preferred, combines all t he meanings, and t hat is t hat Qunut means obedience and submission t o Allah. There are t wo cat egories of Qunut : legislat ed and dest ined, for Allah said,

ゅ⇔ハ∇ヲデ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ギ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ びメ ͡ ゅ∠タΙ ｘ や∠ヱ あヱギ⊥ ピ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰヤ⊥⇒∠ヤニ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ワ∇ゲミ∠ ヱ∠ (And unt o Allah (alone) falls in prost rat ion whoever is in t he heavens and t he eart h, willingly or unwillingly, and so do t heir shadows in t he mornings and in t he (lat e) aft ernoons) (13:15).

The Meaning of Bad ®299 " Allah said,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ノ⊥ Α͡ギよ∠ ぴ (The Badi` (Originat or) of t he heavens and t he eart h.) which means, He creat ed t hem when not hing resembling t hem exist ed. Muj ahid and As-Suddi said t hat t his is t he linguist ic meaning, for all new mat t ers are called Bid` ah. Muslim recorded t he Messenger of Allah saying,

«る∠ハ∇ギよ͡ る∃ を∠ ギ∠ ∇エョ⊥ ｚモミ⊥ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ » (...every innovat ion (in religion) is a Bid` ah.) There are t wo t ypes of Bid` ah, religious, as ment ioned in t he Hadit h:

«る∠ャゅ∠ヤッ ∠ る∃ ハ ∠ ∇ギよ͡ ｚモミ⊥ ヱ∠ る∀ ハ ∠ ∇ギよ͡ る∃ を∠ ギ∠ ∇エョ⊥ ｚモミ⊥ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ » (...every innovat ion is a Bid` ah and every Bid` ah is heresy.) And t here is a linguist ic Bid` ah, such as t he st at ement of t he Leader of t he fait hful ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab when he gat hered t he Muslims t o pray t he Tarawih prayer in congregat ion (which was also an earlier pract ice of t he Prophet ) and said, "What a good Bid` ah t his is.'' Ibn Jarir said, "Thus t he meaning of t he Ayat (2:116-117) becomes, ` Allah is far more glorious t han t o have had a son, for He is t he Owner of everyt hing t hat is in t he heavens and eart h. All t est ify t o His Oneness and t o t heir submissiveness t o Him. He is t heir Creat or and Maker. Wit hout creat ed precedence, He shaped t he creat ures in t heir current shapes. Allah also bears wit ness t o His servant s t hat Jesus, who some claimed t o be Allah's son, is among t hose who t est ify t o His Oneness. Allah st at ed t hat He creat ed t he heavens and eart h out of not hing and wit hout precedent . Likewise, He creat ed Jesus, t he Messiah, wit h His power and wit hout a fat her.'' This explanat ion from Ibn Jarir, may Allah have mercy upon him, is very good and correct . Allah said,

びラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ ∇リミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (When He decrees a mat t er, He only says t o it : "Be! and it is.) t hus, demonst rat ing His perfect ly complet e abilit y and t remendous aut horit y; if He decides a mat t er, He merely orders it t o, ` Be' and it comes int o exist ence. Similarly, Allah said,

びラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ リ⊥ミ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, His command, when He int ends a t hing, is only t hat He says t o it , "Be! (36:82),

and it is.)

∇リミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボルｚ ラ∠ぺ ロ⊥ ゅ∠ル∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴゼ ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ (Verily, Our Word unt o a t hing when We int end it , is only t hat We say unt o it : "Be! (16:40) and,

and it is.)

び ゲ͡ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ウ ∃ ∇ヨヤ∠ミ∠ り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And Our commandment is but one as t he t winkling of an eye) (54:50) So Allah informed us t hat He creat ed Jesus by merely saying, "Be!'' and he was, as Allah willed:

リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ や∠￢ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ モ ∠ ん∠ ョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ リ⊥ミ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ｚユを⊥ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲゎ⊥ (Verily, t he likeness of ` Isa (Jesus) before Allah is t he likeness of Adam. He creat ed him from dust , t hen (He) said t o him: "Be! and he was) (3:59).

べ∠レΒ͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ヤあム∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ モ ∠ ∇んョあ ユ͡ヰヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Αグ͡ ャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ∀る∠Αや∠￢ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΓや ゅｚレΒｚ よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ろヰ∠ ら∠ ⇒∠ゼゎ∠

(118. And t hose who have no knowledge say: "Why does not Allah speak t o us (face t o face) or why does not a sign come t o us'' So said t he people before t hem words of similar import . Their heart s are alike, We have indeed made plain t he signs for people who believe wit h cert aint y.) Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Rafi` bin Huraymilah said t o t he Messenger of Allah , "O Muhammad! If you were t ruly a Messenger from Allah, as you claim, t hen ask Allah t o speak t o us direct ly, so t hat we hear His Speech.'' So Allah revealed,

べ∠レΒ͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ヤあム∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び∀る∠Αや∠￢ (And t hose who have no knowledge say: "Why does not Allah speak t o us (face t o face) or why does not a sign come t o us'') Abu Al-` Aliyah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Qat adah and As-Suddi said t hat it was act ually t he st at ement of t he Arab disbelievers:

び∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ モ ∠ ∇んョあ ユ͡ヰヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (So said t he people before t hem words of similar import . ) He said, "These are t he Jews and t he Christ ians.'' What furt her proves t hat t he Arab idolat ors said t he st at ement ment ioned in t he Ayah is t hat Allah said,

ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽル⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∀る∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∀ケゅ∠ピタ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ⊥ Β͡ダΒ⊥ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠シケ͡ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠セ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ∠ヱ (And when t here comes t o t hem a sign (from Allah) t hey say: "We shall not believe unt il we receive t he like of t hat which t he Messengers of Allah had received.'' Allah knows best wit h whom t o place His Message. Humiliat ion and disgrace from Allah and a severe t orment will overt ake t he criminals (polyt heist s and sinners) for t hat which t hey used t o plot .) (6:124) and

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レャ∠ ゲ∠ イ ⊥ ∇ヘゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔ハヲ⊥ら∇レΑ∠ (And t hey say: "We shall not believe in you (O Muhammad ), unt il you cause a spring t o gush fort h from t he eart h for us) unt il,

びΙ ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ や⇔ゲゼ ∠ よ∠ Ι ｚ ま∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇モワ∠ ヴあよケ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say (O Muhammad ): "Glorified (and Exalt ed) be my Lord (Allah) above all t hat evil t hey (polyt heist s) associat e wit h Him ! Am I anyt hing but a man, sent as a Messenger'') (17:90-93) and,

ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ン∠ゲル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや (And t hose who expect not a meet ing wit h Us (i. e. t hose who deny t he Day of Resurrect ion and t he life of t he Hereaft er) said: "Why are not t he angels sent down t o us, or why do we not see our Lord'') (25:21) and,

ゅ⇔ヘ⊥エタ ⊥ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや ぁモミ⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ び り⇔ ゲ∠ ゼ ｚ レ∠ ョぁ (Nay, everyone of t hem desires t hat he should be given pages spread out ) (74:52). There are many ot her Ayat t hat t est ify t o t he disbelief of t he Arab idolat ors, t heir t ransgression, st ubbornness, and t hat t hey asked unnecessary quest ions out of disbelief and arrogance. The st at ement s of t he Arab idolat ors followed t he st at ement s of t he nat ions of t he People of t he Two Script ures and ot her religions before t hem. Allah said,

リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ あゴレ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ⊥ほ∠∇ジΑ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク リ͡ョ ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャほ∠シ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや びり⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゅ∠ルケ͡ ぺ∠

(The People of t he Script ure (Jews) ask you t o cause a book t o descend upon t hem from heaven. Indeed, t hey asked Musa (Moses) for even great er t han t hat , when t hey said: "Show us Allah in public,'') (4:153) and,

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ン∠ゲル∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠Α ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びり⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠ (And (remember) when you said: "O Musa! We shall never believe in you unt il we see Allah plainly.'') (2:55). Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ろヰ∠ ら∠ ⇒∠ゼゎ∠ ぴ (Their heart s are alike. ) means, t he heart s of t he Arab idolat ors are j ust like t he heart s of t hose before t hem, cont aining disbelief, st ubbornness and inj ust ice. Similarly, Allah said,

Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ べ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ よ͡ ∇や∇ヲタ ∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∀ラヲ⊥レ∇イョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀ゲ͡エ⇒∠シ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ (Likewise, no Messenger came t o t hose before t hem but t hey said: "A sorcerer or a madman!'' Have t hey (t he people of t he past ) t ransmit t ed t his saying t o t hese (Quraysh pagans)) (51:5253). Allah said next ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΓや ゅｚレΒｚ よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (We have indeed made plain t he signs for people who believe wit h cert aint y.) meaning, We made t he argument s clear, prooving t he t rut h of t he Messengers, wit h no need of more quest ions or proofs for t hose who believe, follow t he Messengers and comprehend what Allah sent t hem wit h. As for t hose whose heart s and hearing Allah has st amped and whose eyes have been sealed, Allah described t hem:

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ユ∠ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る∃ Α∠ や￢ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠

(Truly, t hose, against whom t he Word (wrat h) of your Lord has been j ust ified, will not believe. Even if every sign should come t o t hem, unt il t hey see t he painful t orment ) (10:96-97).

∇リハ ∠ モ ⊥ ⇒∠∇ジゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΑ͡グル∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡ゼよ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ゅｚル͡まぴ び ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ (119. Verily, We have sent you (O Muhammad ) wit h t he t rut h (Islam), a bringer of glad t idings (for t hose who believe in what you brought , t hat t hey will ent er Paradise) and a warner (for t hose who disbelieve in what you brought , t hat t hey will ent er t he Hellfire). And you will not be asked about t he dwellers of t he blazing Fire.) Allah's st at ement ;

びユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ モ ⊥ ⇒∠∇ジゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And you will not be asked about t he dwellers of t he blazing Fire.) means, "We shall not ask you about t he disbelief of t hose who rej ect ed you.'' Similarly, Allah said,

びゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ゅレ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プぴ (Your dut y is only t o convey (t he Message) and on Us is t he reckoning.) (13:40)

び ゲ∃ ト ͡ ∇Βジ ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ジャｚ - ∀ゲミあ ∠グョ⊥ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ゲミあ グ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So remind t hem (O Muhammad ) t hem.)(88:21-22) and,

you are only one who reminds. You are not a dict at or over

ケ∃ ゅｚらイ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エｚルぴ び ギ͡ Β͡ハヱ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠ガΑ∠ リ∠ョ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ゲミあ グ∠ プ∠ (We know best what t hey say. And you (O Muhammad ) are not t he one t o force t hem (t o belief). But warn by t he Qur'an; him who fears My t hreat ) (50:45). There are many ot her similar Ayat .

The Description of the Prophet in the Tawrah

Imam Ahmad recorded ` At a' bin Yasar saying t hat he met ` Abdullah bin ` Amr bin Al-` As and said t o him, "Tell me about t he descript ion of t he Messenger of Allah in t he Torah.'' He said, "Yes, by Allah, he is described by t he Torah wit h t he same charact erist ics t hat he is described wit h in t he Qur'an wit h: ` O Prophet ! We have sent you as a wit ness, a bringer of good news, a warner, and as safe refuge for t he unlet t ered people. You are My servant and Messenger. I have called you t he Mut awakkil (who depends and relies on Allah for each and everyt hing). You are not harsh, nor hard, nor obnoxious in t he bazaars. He does not reward t he evil deed wit h an evil deed. Rat her, he forgives and pardons. Allah will not bring his life t o an end, unt il he st raight ens t he wicked's religion by his hands so t hat t he people proclaim: There is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah. By his hands, Allah will open blind eyes, deaf ears and sealed heart s.''' This was recorded by Al-Bukhari only.

ヴｚわェ ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚ ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ レ∠ハ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲ∠ゎ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ リ ͡ ゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ン∠ギワ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ヤｚョ͡ ノ∠ ら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ヵ͡グャｚや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇バら∠ ゎｚ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ へ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ゲ∃ Β͡ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ ｙ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ヱ∠ Κ ∠ ゎ͡ ペ ｚェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∇わ∠Α ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リョ∠ヱ (120. Never will t he Jews nor t he Christ ians be pleased wit h you (O Muhammad ) t ill you follow t heir religion. Say: "Verily, t he guidance of Allah (i.e. Islamic Monot heism) t hat is t he (only) guidance. And if you (O Muhammad ) were t o follow t heir (Jews and Christ ians) desires aft er what you have received of Knowledge (i.e. t he Qur'an), t hen you would have against Allah neit her any Wali (prot ect or or guardian) nor any helper.) (121. Those t o whom we gave t he Book recit e it as it should be recit ed (Yat lunahu Haqqa Tilawat ihi) t hey are t he ones who believe t herein. And whoso disbelieve in it , t hose are t hey who are t he losers.) Ibn Jarir said, "Allah said,

ヴｚわェ ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚ ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ レ∠ハ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲ∠ゎ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ヤｚョ͡ ノ∠ ら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ (Never will t he Jews nor t he Christ ians be pleased wit h you (O Muhammad ) t ill you follow t heir religion.) meaning, ` The Jews and t he Christ ians will never be happy wit h you, O Muhammad! Therefore, do not seek what pleases or appeases t hem, and st ick t o what pleases Allah by calling t hem t o t he t rut h t hat Allah sent you wit h.' Allah's st at ement ,

びン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ン∠ギワ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ

(Say: "Verily, t he guidance of Allah (i.e. Islamic Monot heism) t hat is t he (only) guidance'') emeans, ` Say, O Muhammad , t he guidance of Allah t hat He sent me wit h is t he t rue guidance, meaning t he st raight , perfect and comprehensive religion.''' Qat adah said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ン∠ギワ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Verily, t he guidance of Allah (i.e. Islamic Monot heism) t hat is t he (only) guidance) is, "A t rue argument t hat Allah t aught Muhammad and his Companions and which t hey used against t he people of misguidance.'' Qat adah said, "We were t old t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o say,

ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ ゅ∠デ メ ⊥ や∠ゴゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ヶ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴわｚ ェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヘ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠カ ∇リョ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩∠リΑ͡ゲワ͡ ゅ∠ニ «ぶや (There will always be a group of my Ummah fight ing upon t he t rut h, having t he upper hand, not harmed by t heir opponent s, unt il t he decree of Allah (t he Last Hour) comes.) This Hadit h was collect ed in t he Sahih and narrat ed from ` Abdullah bin ` Amr.

ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ヵ͡グャｚや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゲ∃ Β͡ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ ｙ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ (And if you (O Muhammad ) were t o follow t heir (Jews and Christ ians) desires aft er what you have received of Knowledge (i.e. t he Qur'an), t hen you would have against Allah neit her any Wali (prot ect or or guardian) nor any helper.) This Ayah carries a st ern warning for t he Muslim Ummah against imit at ing t he ways and met hods of t he Jews and Christ ians, aft er t hey have acquired knowledge of t he Qur'an and Sunnah, may Allah grant us refuge from t his behavior. Alt hough t he speech in t his Ayah was direct ed at t he Messenger , t he ruling of which applies t o his ent ire Ummah.

The Meaning of Correct Tilawah Allah said,

びヮ͡ ゎ͡ ヱ∠ Κ ∠ ゎ͡ ペ ｚェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠ゎへ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ

(Those t o whom We gave t he Book. Yat lunahu Haqqan Tilawat ih.) ` Abdur-Razzaq said from Ma` mar, from Qat adah, "They are t he Jews and Christ ians.'' This is t he opinion of ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam, and it was also chosen by Ibn Jarir. Sa` id report ed from Qat adah, "They are t he Companions of t he Messenger of Allah .'' Abu Al-` Aliyah said t hat Ibn Mas` ud said, "By He in Whose Hand is my soul! The right Tilawah is allowing what it makes lawful, prohibit ing what it makes unlawful, recit ing it as it was revealed by Allah, not changing t he words from t heir places, and not int erpret ing it wit h ot her t han it s act ual int erpret at ion.'' As-Suddi report ed from Abu Malik from Ibn ` Abbas who said about t his Ayah (2:121): "They make lawful what it allows and t hey prohibit what it makes unlawful, and t hey do not alt er it s wordings.'' ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said, "They are t hose who when t hey recit e an Ayah t hat ment ions mercy, t hey ask Allah for it , and when t hey recit e an Ayah t hat ment ions t orment , t hey seek refuge wit h Allah from it .'' This meaning was at t ribut ed t o t he Prophet , for when he used t o recit e an Ayah of mercy, he invoked Allah for mercy, and when he recit ed an Ayah of t orment , he sought refuge from it wit h Allah. Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (t hey are t he ones who believe t herein) explains t he Ayah,

びヮ͡ ゎ͡ ヱ∠ Κ ∠ ゎ͡ ペ ｚェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠ゎへ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those t o whom We gave t he Book. Yat lunahu Haqqa Tilawat ihi). These Ayat mean, "Those among t he People of t he Book who perfect ly adhered t o t he Books t hat were revealed t o t he previous Prophet s, will believe in what I have sent you wit h, O Muhammad!'' Allah said in anot her Ayah,

メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱ り∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ∇やヲョ⊥ ゅ∠ホぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ろ ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ∠ Ι ∂ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ Β∠ャま͡ びユ͡ヰヤ͡ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ (And if only t hey had act ed according t o t he Tawrah, t he Inj il, and what has (now) been sent down t o t hem from t heir Lord (t he Qur'an), t hey would surely, have got t en provision from above t hem and from underneat h t heir feet .) (5:66). The Ayah,

∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボゎ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ジャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠⇒∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱ り∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや (Say (O Muhammad ) "O People of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians)! You have not hing (as regards guidance) t ill you act according t o t he Tawrah, t he Inj il, and what has (now) been sent down t o you from your Lord (t he Qur'an).'') means, "If you adhere t o t he Torah and t he Gospel in t he correct manner, believe in t hem as you should, and believe in t he news t hey carry about Muhammad's prophet hood, his descript ion and t he command t o follow, aid and support him, t hen t his will direct you t o adhere t o t rut h and right eousness in t his life and t he Hereaft er.'' In anot her Ayah, Allah said,

ン͡グャｚや ヴ ｚ ョあ Ε ⊥や ヴ ｚ ら͡ レｚャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ びモ ͡ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱ り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ⇔よヲ⊥わ∇ムョ∠ ヮ⊥ ∠ルヱ⊥ギ͡イ∠Α (Those who follow t he Messenger, t he Prophet who can neit her read nor writ e (i.e. Muhammad ) whom t hey find writ t en wit h t hem in t he Tawrah and t he Inj il.) (7:157) and,

ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ - や⇔ギイ ｚシ ⊥ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ホ∇クΚ ｘ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲガ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ や∠クま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥バ∇ヘヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べ∠レよあ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ び (Say (O Muhammad t o t hem): "Believe in it (t he Qur'an) or do not believe (in it ). Verily, t hose who were given knowledge before it , when it is recit ed t o t hem, fall down on t heir faces in humble prost rat ion. And t hey say: "Glory be t o our Lord! Truly, t he promise of our Lord must be fulfilled.'') (17:107-108). These Ayat indicat e t hat what Allah promised for Muhammad will cert ainly occur. Allah also said,

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ワ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ べ∠レよあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ

ユ⊥ワゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚルま る∠ ゃ∠ Βあ ジ ｚ ャや る͡ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ぼ⊥ ケ∠ ∇ギΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚ ョｚ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱ (Those t o whom We gave t he Script ure (i. e. t he Tawrah and t he Inj il) before it , t hey believe in it (t he Qur'an). And when it is recit ed t o t hem, t hey say: "We believe in it . Verily, it is t he t rut h from our Lord. Indeed even before it we have been from t hose who submit t hemselves t o Allah in Islam as Muslims. These will be given t heir reward t wice over, because t hey are pat ient , and repel evil wit h good, and spend (in charit y) out of what We have provided t hem.) (28:52-54) and,

∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠￢∠ リ ∠ ΒあΒョあ Ι ｙ や∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ∠ら∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱｚ ∇やヱ∠ギわ∠ ∇ワや ギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ びキ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (And say t o t hose who were given t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) and t o t hose who are illit erat es (Arab pagans): "Do you (also) submit yourselves (t o Allah in Islam)'' If t hey do, t hey are right ly guided; but if t hey t urn away, your dut y is only t o convey t he Message; and Allah is t he Seer of (His) servant s) (3:20). Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リョ∠ヱぴ (And whoever disbelieves in it (t he Qur'an), t hose are t hey who are t he losers), j ust as He said in anot her Ayah,

びロ⊥ ギ⊥ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャゅ∠プ ゆ ͡ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (But t hose of t he sect s (Jews, Christ ians and all t he ot her non-Muslim nat ions) t hat rej ect it (t he Qur'an), t he Fire will be t heir promised meet ing place) (11:17). As recorded in t he Sahih, t he Prophet said,

ロ͡ グ͡ ワ ∇リョ͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヶ͡よ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» ゅｚャま͡ ヶ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ｚユを⊥ ヶ ｘ ル͡ や∠ゲ∇ダル∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヵ ｘ キ͡ ヲ⊥ヰΑ∠ る͡ ョｚ ほ⊥∇ャや «ケゅｚレャや モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ (By He in Whose Hand is my soul! There is no member of t his Ummah (mankind and Jinns), Jew or a Christ ian, who hears of me, yet does not believe in me, but will ent er t he Fire.)

ろ ⊥ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ヴ͡わヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レら∠ ⇒∠Αぴ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヤｚツプ∠ ヴあル∠ぺ∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ モ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘルｚ リ∠ハ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ン͡ゴ∇イゎ∠ Ι ｚ びラ ∠ ヱゲ⊥ ダ ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀る∠バ⇒∠ヘ∠セ ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀メ∇ギ∠ハ (122. O Children of Israel! Remember My favor which I best owed upon you and t hat I preferred you over t he nat ions).) (123. And fear t he Day (of Judgement ) when no person shall avail anot her, nor shall compensat ion be accept ed from him, nor shall int ercession be of use t o him, nor shall t hey be helped.) We ment ioned a similar Ayah at t he beginning of t his Surah, and it is ment ioned here t o emphisize t he import ance of following t he Ummi Prophet and Messenger, who is described for t he People of t he Script ures in t heir Books by his charact erist ics, name, t he good news about him and t he descript ion of his Ummah. Allah warned t hem against concealing t his informat ion, which is among t he favors t hat Allah grant ed t hem. Allah also commanded t hem t o remember t heir daily life and t heir religious affairs and how He blessed t hem. They should not envy t heir cousins, t he Arabs, for what Allah has given t hem, t he Final Messenger of Allah being an Arab. Envy should not incit e t hem t o oppose or deny t he Prophet or refrain from following him, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him unt il t he Day of Judgment .

ヴあルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ヨｚ ゎ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ヤわ∠ ∇よや ク͡ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ メ ⊥ ゅ∠レΑ∠ Ι ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヴ͡わΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ョま͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ マ ∠ ヤ⊥バ͡ ⇒∠ィ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ヵ͡ギ∇ヰハ ∠ (124. And (remember) when t he Lord of Ibrahim (Abraham) t ried him wit h (cert ain) commands, which he fulfilled. He (Allah) said (t o him), "Verily, I am going t o make you an Imam (a leader)

for mankind (t o follow you).'' (Ibrahim) said, "And of my offspring (t o make leaders).'' (Allah) said, "My covenant (prophet hood) includes not Zalimin (polyt heist s and wrongdoers).'')

Ibrahim Al-Khalil was an Imam for the People Allah is informing us of t he honor of Ibrahim Al-Khalil, who He made an Imam for t he people, and a model t o be imit at ed, because of t he way he conduct ed himself and adhered t o Tawhid. This honor was given t o Prophet Ibrahim when he adhered t o Allah's decisions and prohibit ions. This is why Allah said,

びろ ∃ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ヤわ∠ ∇よや ク͡ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And (remember) when t he Lord of Ibrahim (i.e., Allah) t ried him wit h (cert ain) commands). This Ayah means, O Muhammad! Remind t he idolat ors and t he People of t he Script ures, who pret end t o be followers of t he religion of Ibrahim, while in realit y t hey do not follow it , while you, O Muhammad, and your followers are t he t rue followers of his religion; remind t hem of t he commands and prohibit ions t hat Allah t est ed Ibrahim wit h.

びリ ｚ ヰ⊥ ヨｚ ゎ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (which he fulfilled.) indicat ing t hat Ibrahim implement ed all of Allah's orders. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び ヴｚプヱ∠ ン͡グャｚや ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And of Ibrahim (Abraham) who fulfilled (or conveyed) all t hat (Allah ordered him t o do or convey)) (53:37) meaning, he was t rut hful and he was obedient t o Allah's legislat ion. Also, Allah said,

リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ゅ⇔わレ͡ ⇒∠ホ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ や∠ギワ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠らわ∠ ∇ィや ヮ͡ ヨ͡ バ⊥ ∇ルΙ や⇔ゲ͡ミゅ∠セ - リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や￢∠ヱ - ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ラ ͡ ぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ る∠ ヤｚョ͡ ∇ノら͡ ゎｚ や

(Verily, Ibrahim was an Ummah (or a nat ion), obedient t o Allah, Hanif (i.e. t o worship none but Allah), and he was not one of t hose who were Al-Mushrikin (polyt heist s), (He was) t hankful for His (Allah's) favors. He (Allah) chose him and guided him t o a st raight pat h. And We gave him good in t his world, and in t he Hereaft er he shall be of t he right eous. Then, We have sent t he revelat ion t o you (O Muhammad saying): "Follow t he religion of Ibrahim Hanif (Islamic Monot heism t o worship none but Allah) and he was not of t he Mushrikin.) (16:120-123)

ゅ⇔レΑ͡キ ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ͡ルや∠ギワ∠ ヴ͡レルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ る∠ ヤｚョあ ゅ⇔ヨΒ∠ ホ͡ (Say (O Muhammad ): "Truly, my Lord has guided me t o a st raight pat h, a right religion, t he religion of Ibrahim, Hanifan, and Ibrahim (t o worship none but Allah, alone) and he was not of Al-Mushrikin.'') (6:161) and,

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ͡ムャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ６Βル͡ や∠ゲ∇ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ６Α͡キヲ⊥ヰ∠Α ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ ラ ｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨヤ͡∇ジョぁ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よみ͡よ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ ぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ (Ibrahim was neit her a Jew nor a Christ ian, but he was a t rue Muslim Hanifan (Islamic Monot heism t o worship none but Allah alone) and he was not of Al-Mushrikin. Verily, among mankind who have t he best claim t o Ibrahim are t hose who followed him, and t his Prophet (Muhammad ) and t hose who have believed (Muslims). And Allah is t he Wali (Prot ect or and Helper) of t he believers) (3:67-68). Allah said,

びろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ぴ (wit h Kalimat (words)) which means, "Laws, commandment s and prohibit ions.'' ` Words' as ment ioned here, somet imes refers t o what Allah has willed, such as Allah's st at ement about Maryam,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ わ⊥ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよｚ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ∇ろホ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡わレ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや

(And she t est ified t o t he t rut h of t he Words of her Lord, and (also believed in) His Script ures, and she was of t he Qanit in (i.e. obedient t o Allah)) (66:12). "Words'' also refers t o Allah's Law, such as Allah's st at ement ,

びΙ ⇔ ∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ホ∇ギタ ͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろヨｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he Word of your Lord has been fulfilled in t rut h and in j ust ice) (6:115) meaning, His legislat ion. "Words'' also means t rut hful news, or a j ust commandment or prohibit ion. For inst ance, Allah said,

びリ ｚ ヰ⊥ ヨｚ ゎ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ヤわ∠ ∇よや ク͡ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And (remember) when t he Lord of Ibrahim t ried him wit h (cert ain) Words (commands), which he fulfilled) meaning, he adhered t o t hem, Allah said,

びゅ⇔ョゅ∠ョま͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ マ ∠ ヤ⊥バ͡ ⇒∠ィ ヴあルま͡ぴ ("Verily, I am going t o make you an Imam (a leader) for mankind (t o follow you).'') as a reward for Ibrahim's good deeds, adhering t o t he commandment s and avoiding t he prohibit ions. This is why Allah made Ibrahim a role model for t he people, and an Imam whose conduct and pat h are imit at ed and followed.

What were the Words that Ibrahim was tested with There is a difference of opinion over t he words t hat Allah t est ed Ibrahim wit h. There are several opinions at t ribut ed t o Ibn ` Abbas. For inst ance, ` Abdur-Razzaq said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Allah t est ed him wit h t he rit uals (of Haj j ).'' Abu Ishaq report ed t he same. ` Abdur-Razzaq also narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

びろ ∃ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ヤわ∠ ∇よや ク͡ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And (remember) when t he Lord of Ibrahim (Abraham) (i.e., Allah) t ried him wit h (cert ain) commands) means, "Allah t est ed him wit h Taharah (purit y, ablut ion): five on t he head and five on t he body. As for t he head, t hey are cut t ing t he must ache, rinsing t he mout h, inhaling and discarding wat er, using Siwak and part ing t he hair. As for t he body, t hey are t rimming t he nails, shaving t he pubic hair, circumcision and plucking under t he arm and washing wit h wat er aft er answering t he call of nat ure.'' Ibn Abi Hat im said, "A similar st at ement was also report ed from Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib, Muj ahid, Ash-Sha` bi, An-Nakha` i, Abu Salih, Abu Al-Jald, and so fort h.''

There is a similar st at ement t hat Imam Muslim narrat ed from ` A'ishah who said t hat Allah's Messenger said,

る͡ Β∠ ∇エヤあャや ￢⊥ ゅ∠ヘ∇ハま͡ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ ケ͡ ゅｚゼャや ゾ ぁ ホ∠ :り͡ ゲ∠ ∇トヘ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∀ゲ∇ゼ∠ハ» モ ⊥ ∇ジビ ∠ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヘ∇ニほ∠∇ャや ゾ ぁ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ベ ⊥ ゅ∠ゼ∇レわ͡ ∇シや∠ヱ ポ ⊥ や∠ヲジ あ ャや∠ヱ ソ ⊥ ゅ∠ボわ͡ ∇ルや∠ヱ る͡ ル∠ ゅ∠バ∇ャや ペ ⊥ ∇ヤェ ∠ ヱ∠ テ ͡ ∇よみ͡∇ャや ブ ⊥ ∇わル∠ ヱ∠ ユ͡ ィ ͡ や∠ゲら∠ ∇ャや «る∠ツヨ∠ ∇ツヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ り∠ ゲ∠ セ ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ャや ろ ⊥ Β͡ジル∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ ゅヨ∠ ∇ャや (Ten are among t he Fit rah (inst inct , nat ural const it ut ion): t rimming t he must ache, growing t he beard, using Siwak, inhaling and t hen exhaling wat er (in ablut ion), cut t ing t he nails, washing bet ween t he fingers (in ablut ion), plucking t he underarm hair, shaving t he pubic hair, washing wit h wat er aft er answering t he call of nat ure, (and I forgot t he t ent h, I t hink it was) rinsing t he mout h (in ablut ion).) The Two Sahihs recorded Abu Hurayrah saying t hat t he Prophet said,

ゾ ぁ ホ∠ ヱ∠ キ⊥ や∠ギ∇エ͡わ∇シゅ∇ャや∠ヱ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠わガ ͡ ∇ャや :∀ザ∇ヨ∠カ り⊥ ゲ∠ ∇トヘ͡ ∇ャや» «テ∇よみ͡∇ャや ブ ⊥ ∇わル∠ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヘ∇ニほ∠∇ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ヤ∇ボゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ ケ͡ ゅｚゼャや (Five are among t he act s of Fit rah: circumcision, shaving t he pubic hair, t rimming t he must ache, cut t ing t he nails and plucking t he underarm hair.) This is t he wording wit h Muslim. Muhammad bin Ishaq report d t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The words t hat Allah t est ed Ibrahim wit h, and t hat he implement ed were: abandoning his (disbelieving) people when Allah commanded him t o do so, disput ing wit h Nimrod (king of Babylon) about Allah, being pat ient when he was t hrown in t he fire (alt hough t his was ext remely t raumat ic) migrat ing from his homeland when Allah commanded him t o do so, pat ience wit h t he monet ary and mat erial demands of host ing guest s by Allah's command, and Allah's order for him t o slaught er his son. When Allah t est ed Ibrahim wit h t hese words, and he was ready for t he maj or t est , Allah said t o him,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ユヤ͡∇シぺ∠ぴ ("Submit (be a Muslim)!'' He said, "I have submit t ed myself (as a Muslim) t o t he Lord of all t hat exist s. '') (2:131) alt hough t his meant defying and being apart from t he people.''

The Unjust do not qualify for Allah's Promise Allah said t hat Ibrahim said,

びヴ͡わΑ∠ ケあ ク⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (And of my offspring (t o make leaders)) and Allah replied,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ヵ͡ギ∇ヰハ ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠レΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (My covenant (prophet hood) includes not Zalimin (polyt heist s and wrongdoers)). When Allah made Ibrahim an Imam (Leader for t he fait hful), he asked Allah t hat Imams t hereaft er be chosen from his offspring. Allah accept ed his supplicat ion, but t old him t hat t here will be unj ust people among his offspring and t hey will not benefit from Allah's promise. Thus, t hey will neit her become Imams nor be imit at ed (for t hey will not be right eous). The proof t hat Ibrahim's supplicat ion t o Allah was accept ed is t hat Allah said in Surat Al-` Ankabut (29:27),

びょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∠りヲｚ ら⊥ レぁ ャや ヮ͡ わ͡ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We ordained among his offspring prophet hood and t he Book). Hence, every Prophet whom Allah sent aft er Ibrahim were from among his offspring, and every Book t hat Allah revealed was t o t hem. As for Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ヵ͡ギ∇ヰハ ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠レΑ∠ Ι ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ((Allah) said, "My covenant (prophet hood) includes not Zalimin (polyt heist s and wrongdoers). '') Allah ment ioned t hat t here are unj ust people among t he offspring of Ibrahim, and t hey will not benefit from Allah's promise, nor would t hey be ent rust ed wit h anyt hing, even t hough t hey are among t he children of Allah's Khalil (int imat e friend, Prophet Abraham). There will also be t hose who do good among t he children of Ibrahim, and t hese it is who will benefit from Ibrahim's supplicat ion. Ibn Jarir said t hat t his Ayah indicat ed t hat t he unj ust shall not be Imams for t he people. Moreover, t he Ayah informed Ibrahim t hat t here will be unj ust people among his offspring. Also, Ibn Khuwayz Mindad Al-Maliki said, "The unj ust person does not qualify t o be a Khalifah, a ruler, one who gives religious verdict s, a wit ness, or even a narrat or (of Hadit hs).''

リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ゅ⇔レ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤあャ る⇔ よ∠ ゅ∠んョ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びヴ６ヤダ ∠ ョ⊥ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ュ͡ ゅ∠ボョｚ (125. And (remember) when We made t he House (t he Ka` bah at Makkah) a place of resort for mankind and a place of safet y. And t ake you (people) t he Maqam (place) of Ibrahim (or t he st one on which Ibrahim as a place)

The Virtue of Allah's House Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びサ ͡ ゅｚレヤあャ る⇔ よ∠ ゅ∠んョ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And (remember) when We made t he House (t he Ka` bah at Makkah) a place of resort for mankind) "They do not remain in t he House, t hey only visit it and ret urn t o t heir homes, and t hen visit it again.'' Also, Abu Ja` far Ar-Razi narrat ed from Ar-Rabi` bin Anas from Abu Al` Aliyah who said t hat ,

びゅ⇔レ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤあャ る⇔ よ∠ ゅ∠んョ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And (remember) when We made t he House (t he Ka` bah at Makkah) a place of resort for mankind and a place of safet y) means, "Safe from enemies and armed conflict . During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, t he people were oft en vict ims of raids and kidnapping, while t he people in t he area surrounding it (Al-Masj id Al-Haram) were safe and not subj ect t o kidnapping.'' Also, Muj ahid, ` At a', As-Suddi, Qat adah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas were report ed t o have said t hat t he Ayah (2:125) means, "Whoever ent ers it shall be safe.'' This Ayah indicat es t hat Allah honored t he Sacred House, which Allah made as a safe refuge and safe haven. Therefore, t he souls are eager, but never bored, t o conduct short visit s t o t he House, even every year. This is because Allah accept ed t he supplicat ion of His Khalil, Ibrahim, when he asked Allah t o make t he heart s of people eager t o visit t he House. Ibrahim said (14:40),

び￢͡ べ∠ハキ⊥ ∇モらｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! And accept my invocat ion).

Allah described the House as a safe resort and refuge, for those who visit it are safe, even if they had committed acts of evil. This honor comes from the honor of the person who built it first, Khalil Ar-Rahman, just as Allah said,

ヴ͡よ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺ ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よΗ ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ぺヲｚ よ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠

(And (remember) when We showed Ibrahim t he sit e of t he (Sacred) House (t he Ka` bah at Makkah) (saying): "Associat e not anyt hing (in worship) wit h Me...'') (22:26) and,

ゅ⇔ミ∠ケゅ∠らョ⊥ る∠ ムｚ ら∠ よ͡ ン͡グヤｚャ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ノ∠ ッ ͡ ヱ⊥ ろ ∃ ∇Βよ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ボョｚ ∀ろ⇒∠レ⇒あΒ∠よ ∀ろ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヮ͡ Β͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ びゅ⇔レ͡ョや∠￢ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ ∠ キ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ (Verily, t he first House (of worship) appoint ed for mankind was t hat at Bakkah (Makkah), full of blessing, and a guidance for Al-` Alamin (mankind and Jinn). In it are manifest signs (for example), t he Maqam (place) of Ibrahim; whosoever ent ers it , he at t ains securit y) (3:96-97). The last honorable Ayah emphasized t he honor of Ibrahim's Maqam, and t he inst ruct ion t o pray next t o it ,

びヴ６ヤダ ∠ ョ⊥ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ュ͡ ゅ∠ボョｚ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And t ake you (people) t he Maqam (place) of Ibrahim as a place of prayer). The Maqam of Ibrahim Sufyan At h-Thawri report ed t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr comment ed on t he Ayah,

びヴ６ヤダ ∠ ョ⊥ ユ∠ Βワ͡ ゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ュ͡ ゅ∠ボョｚ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And t ake you (people) t he Maqam (place) of Ibrahim as a place of prayer) "The st one (Maqam) is t he st anding place of Ibrahim, Allah's Prophet , and a mercy from Allah. Ibrahim st ood on t he st one, while Isma` il was handing him t he st ones (const ruct ing t he Ka` bah).''As-Suddi said, "The Maqam of Ibrahim is a st one which Isma` il's wife put under Ibrahim's feet when washing his head." Al-Qurt ubi ment ioned t his, but he considered it unaut hent ic, alt hough ot hers gave it prefrence, Ar-Razi report ed it in his Tafsir from Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Qat adah, and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas. Ibn Abi Hat im report ed t hat Jabir, describing t he Haj j (pilgrimage) of t he Prophet said, "When t he Prophet performed Tawaf, ` Umar asked him, ` Is t his t he Maqam of our fat her' He said, ` Yes.' ` Umar said, ` Should we t ake it a place of prayer' So Allah revealed,

びヴ６ヤダ ∠ ョ⊥ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ュ͡ ゅ∠ボョｚ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And t ake you (people) t he Maqam (place) of Ibrahim (Abraham) as a place of prayer.'') Al-Bukhari said, "Chapt er: Allah's st at ement ,

びヴ６ヤダ ∠ ョ⊥ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ュ͡ ゅ∠ボョｚ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And t ake you (people) t he Maqam (place) of Ibrahim (Abraham) as a place of prayer) meaning, t hey ret urn t o it repeat edly.'' He t hen narrat ed t hat Anas bin Malik said t hat ` Umar bin AlKhat t ab said, "I agreed wit h my Lord, or my Lord agreed wit h me, regarding t hree mat t ers. I said, ` O Messenger of Allah! I wish you t ake t he Maqam of Ibrahim a place for prayer.' The Ayah,

びヴ６ヤダ ∠ ョ⊥ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ュ͡ ゅ∠ボョｚ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And t ake you (people) t he Maqam (place) of Ibrahim (Abraham)) was revealed. I also said, ` O Messenger of Allah! The right eous and t he wicked ent er your house. I wish you would command t he Mot hers of t he believers (t he Prophet 's wives) t o wear Hij ab. Allah sent down t he Ayah t hat required t he Hij ab. And when I knew t hat t he Prophet was angry wit h some of his wives, I came t o t hem and said, ` Eit her you st op what you are doing, or Allah will endow His Messenger wit h bet t er women t han you are.' I advised one of his wives and she said t o me, ` O ` Umar! Does t he Messenger of Allah not know how t o advise his wives, so t hat you have t o do t he j ob inst ead of him' Allah t hen revealed,

や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ゅ⇔ィ∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ギ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ リ ｚ ム⊥ ∠ボヤｚ∠デ ラ͡ま ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ぴ びろ ∃ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ｚリム⊥ レあョ (It may be if he divorced you (all) t hat his Lord will give him inst ead of you, wives bet t er t han you, Muslims (who submit t o Allah)).'' (66:5) Also, Ibn Jarir narrat ed t hat Jabir said, "Aft er t he Messenger of Allah kissed t he Black St one, he went around t he house t hree t imes in a fast pace and four t imes in a slow pace. He t hen went t o Maqam of Ibrahim, wit h it bet ween him and t he House, and prayed t wo Rak` ahs.'' This is part of t he long Hadit h t hat Muslim recorded in Sahih. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Amr bin Dinar said t hat he heard Ibn ` Umar say, "The Messenger of Allah performed Tawaf around t he House seven t imes and t hen prayed t wo Rak` ahs behind t he Maqam.'' All t hese t ext s indicat e t hat t he Maqam is t he st one t hat Ibrahim was st anding on while building t he House. As t he House's walls became higher, Isma` il brought his fat her a st one, so t hat he could st and on it , while Isma` il handed him t he st ones. Ibrahim would place t he st ones on t he wall, and whenever he finished one side, he would move t o t he next side, t o complet e t he building all around. Ibrahim kept repeat ing t his unt il he finished building t he House, as we will describe when we explain t he st ory of Ibrahim and Isma` il and how t hey built t he House, as narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas and collect ed by Al-Bukhari. Ibrahim's foot print s were st ill visible in t he st one, and t he Arabs knew t his fact during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah. This is why Abu Talib said in his poem known as ` Al-Lamiyyah', "And Ibrahim's foot print wit h his bare feet on t he st one is st ill visible.'' The Muslims also saw Ibrahim's foot print s on t he st one, as Anas bin Malik said, "I saw t he Maqam wit h t he print of Ibrahim's t oes and feet st ill visible in it , but t he foot print s dissipat ed because of t he people rubbing t he st one wit h t heir hands.''

Earlier, t he Maqam was placed close t o t he Ka` bah's wall. In t he present t ime, t he Maqam is placed next t o Al-Hij r on t he right side of t hose ent ering t hrough t he door. When Ibrahim finished building t he House, he placed t he st one next t o t he wall of Al-Ka` bah. Or, when t he House was finished being built , Ibrahim j ust left t he st one where it was last st anding, and he was commanded t o pray next t o t he st one when he finished t he Tawaf (circumambulat ing). It is underst andable t hat t he Maqam of Ibrahim would st and where t he building of t he House ended. The Leader of t he fait hful ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab, one of t he Four Right ly Guided Caliphs whom we were commanded t o emulat e, moved t he st one away from t he Ka` bah's wall during his reign. ` Umar is one of t he t wo men, whom t he Messenger of Allah described when he said,

«ゲ∠ヨハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ムよ∠ ヶ͡よぺ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇バよ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ͡ ∇Αグ∠ ヤｚャゅ͡よ やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ホや» (Imit at e t he t wo men who will come aft er me: Abu Bakr and ` Umar.) ` Umar was also t he person whom t he Qur'an agreed wit h regarding praying next t o Maqam of Ibrahim. This is why none among t he Companions rej ect ed it when he moved it . ` Abdur-Razzaq report ed from Ibn Jurayj from ` At a', "` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab moved t he Maqam back.'' Also, ` Abdur-Razzaq narrat ed t hat Muj ahid said t hat ` Umar was t he first person who moved t he Maqam back t o where it is now st anding.'' Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr, Ahmad bin ` Ali bin AlHusayn Al-Bayhaqi recorded ` A'ishah saying, "During t he t ime of t he Messenger of Allah and Abu Bakr, t he Maqam was right next t o t he House. ` Umar moved t he Maqam during his reign.'' This Hadit h has an aut hent ic chain of narrat ion. i

リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ゅ⇔レ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤあャ る⇔ よ∠ ゅ∠んョ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠ル∇ギヰ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ６ヤダ ∠ ョ⊥ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ュ͡ ゅ∠ボョｚ リ ∠ Β͡ヘム͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ヘも͡ べｚトヤ͡ャ ヴ ∠ わ͡ ∇Βよ∠ や∠ゲヰあ デ ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ∠ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィや ゆ あ ケ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ - キ͡ ヲ⊥イジ ぁ ャや ノ͡ ミｚ ゲぁ ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ んｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ベコ⊥ ∇ケや∠ヱ ゅ⇔レョ͡ へ や⇔ギ∠ヤ∠よ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ あわョ∠ ほ⊥プ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ ゲぁ ト ∠ ∇ッぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ モ ⊥ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ギ∠ ハ ͡ や∠ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ノ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ -

ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ べｚレ͡ョ ∇モらｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ マ ∠ ャｚ る⇔ ヨ∠ ヤ͡∇ジョぁ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ べ∠レわ͡ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ ゆ ⊥ やｚヲわｚ ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ょゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レム∠ シ ͡ ゅ∠レョ∠ ゅ∠ル͡ケ∠ぺ∠ヱ び ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや (125. And We commanded Ibrahim (Abraham) and Isma` il (Ishmael) t hat t hey should purify My House (t he Ka` bah at Makkah) for t hose who are circumambulat ing it , or st aying (I` t ikaf), or bowing or prost rat ing t hemselves (t here, in prayer).) (126. And (remember) when Ibrahim said, "My Lord, make t his cit y (Makkah) a place of securit y and provide it s people wit h fruit s, such of t hem as believe in Allah and t he Last Day.'' He (Allah) answered: "As for him who disbelieves, I shall leave him in cont ent ment for a while, t hen I shall compel him t o t he t orment of t he Fire, and worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion!'') (127. And (remember) when Ibrahim and (his son) Isma` il were raising t he foundat ions of t he House (t he Ka` bah at Makkah), (saying), "Our Lord! Accept (t his service) from us. Verily, You are t he Hearer, t he Knower.'') (128. "Our Lord! And make us submissive unt o You and of our offspring a nat ion submissive unt o You, and show us our Manasik, and accept our repent ance. Truly, You are t he One Who accept s repent ance, t he Most Merciful.)

The Command to purify the House Al-Hasan Al-Basri said t hat ,

びモ ∠ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠ル∇ギ͡ヰ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (And We gave Our 'Ahd (command) t o Ibrahim and Isma` il) means, "Allah ordered t hem t o purify it from all filt h and impurit ies, of which none should ever t ouch it .'' Also, Ibn Jurayj said, "I said t o ` At a', ` What is Allah's ` Ahd' He said, ` His command.''' Also, Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヘム͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ヘも͡ べｚトヤ͡ャ ヴ ∠ わ͡ ∇Βよ∠ や∠ゲヰあ デ ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ (t hat t hey should purify My House (t he Ka` bah) for t hose who are circumambulat ing it , or st aying (I` t ikaf)) "Purify it from t he idols.'' Furt her, Muj ahid and Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヘも͡ べｚトヤ͡ャ ヴ ∠ わ͡ ∇Βよ∠ や∠ゲヰあ デ ∠ぴ (purify My House for t hose who are circumambulat ing it ) means, "From t he idols, sexual act ivit y, false wit ness and sins of all kinds.''

Allah said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヘも͡ べｚトヤ͡ャぴ (for t hose who are performing Tawaf (circumambulat ing) it ). The Tawaf around t he House is a well-est ablished rit ual, Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヘも͡ べｚトヤ͡ャぴ (for t hose who are circumambulat ing it ) means, st rangers (he means who do not live in Makkah), while;

びリ ∠ Β͡ヘム͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (or st aying (I` t ikaf)) is about t hose who live in t he area of t he Sacred House. Also, Qat adah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said t hat I` t ikaf is in reference t o t hose who live in t he area of t he House, j ust as Sa` id bin Jubayr st at ed. Allah said,

びキ͡ ヲ⊥イジ ぁ ャや ノ͡ ミｚ ゲぁ ャや∠ヱぴ (or bowing or prost rat ing t hemselves (t here, in prayer)) Ibn ` Abbas said, when it is a place of prayer it includes t hose who are described as bowing and prost rat ing t hemselves. Also, ` At a' and Qat adah offered t he same Tafsir. Purifying all Masj ids is required according t o t his Ayah and according t o Allah's st at ement ,

ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇シや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゲ∠ ミ∠ ∇グΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ノ∠ プ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ れ ∃ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ヴ͡プぴ びメ ͡ ゅ∠タΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ヱあ ギ⊥ ピ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ Α⊥ (In houses (mosques) which Allah has ordered t o be raised (t o be cleaned, and t o be honored), in t hem His Name is remembered (i.e. Adhan, Iqamah, Salah, invocat ions, recit at ion of t he Qur'an). Therein glorify Him (Allah) in t he mornings and in t he (lat e) aft ernoons) (24:36). There are many Hadit hs t hat give a general order for purifying t he Masj ids and keeping filt h and impurit ies away from t hem. This is why t he Prophet said,

«ヮ∠ャ ∇ろΒ∠ レ͡ よ⊥ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ギ⊥ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ Β∠ レ͡ よ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡» (The Masj ids are est ablished for t he purpose t hat t hey were built for (i. e. worshipping Allah alone).) I have collect ed a book on t his subj ect , and all praise is due t o Allah.

Makkah is a Sacred Area Allah said,

ゅ⇔レョ͡ へ や⇔ギヤ∠よ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィや ゆ あ ケ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ んｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ベコ⊥ ∇ケや∠ヱ びゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (And (remember) when Ibrahim said, "My Lord, make t his cit y (Makkah) a place of securit y and provide it s people wit h fruit s, such of t hem as believe in Allah and t he Last Day.'') Imam Abu Ja` far bin Jarir At -Tabari narrat ed t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ろ ⊥ ∇ョｚゲェ ∠ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ョｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ やろ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡» ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ワギ⊥ ∇Β∠タ キ⊥ ゅ∠ダΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰ∇Βわ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ャ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ る∠ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや «ゅ∠ヰワ⊥ ゅ∠ツハ ͡ ノ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ (Ibrahim made Allah's House a Sacred Area and a safe refuge. I have made what is bet ween t he t wo sides of Al-Madinah a Sacred Area. Therefore, it s game should not be hunt ed, and it s t rees should not be cut .) An-Nasa'i and Muslim also recorded t his Hadit h. There are several ot her Hadit hs t hat indicat e t hat Allah made Makkah a sacred area before He creat ed t he heavens and eart h. The Two Sahihs recorded ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas saying t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

れ ͡ や∠ヲヨ∠ ジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ギ∠ ヤ∠ら∠ ∇ャや や∠グワ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ヲ∠Α ヴャ͡ま ぶ ͡ や る͡ ョ∠ ∇ゲエ ⊥ よ͡ ∀ュや∠ゲ∠ェ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩∠チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ヶ͡ャ モ ｚエ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヶ͡ヤ∇らホ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ メ ⊥ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャや モ ｚエ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヴャ͡ま ぶ ͡ や る͡ ョ∠ ∇ゲエ ⊥ よ͡ ∀ュや∠ゲ∠ェ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩∃ケゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇リョ͡ る⇔ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ロギ⊥ ∇Βタ ∠ ゲ⊥ ｚヘレ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ヲセ ∠ ギ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ «ゅ∠ワゅ∠ヤカ ∠ ヴヤ∠わ∇ガΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰプ∠ ゲｚ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ト ∠ ボ∠ ャ⊥ テ ⊥ ボ͡ わ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ :

∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βら⊥ ͡ャ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ∇Βボ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡ ∇クみ∇ャや ゅ∂ャま͡ :ぶ ͡ やメ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅ∠Α» :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ «ゲ͡カ∇クみ͡∇ャや ゅｚャま͡» (Allah has made t his cit y a sanct uary (sacred place) t he Day He creat ed t he heavens and eart h. Therefore, it is a sanct uary unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion because Allah made it a sanct uary. It was not legal for anyone t o fight in it before me, and it was legal for me for a few hours of one day. Therefore, it is a sanct uary unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, because Allah made it a sanct uary. None is allowed t o uproot it s t horny shrubs, or t o chase it s game, or t o pick up somet hing t hat has fallen, except by a person who announces it publicly, nor should any of it s t rees be cut .) Al-` Abbas said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Except t he lemon-grass, for our goldsmit hs and for our graves.' The Prophet added, (Except lemon-grass.) This is t he wording of Muslim. The Two Sahihs also recorded Abu Hurayrah narrat ing a similar Hadit h, while Al-Bukhari recorded a similar Hadit h from Safiyyah bint Shaybah who narrat ed it from t he Prophet . Abu Shurayh Al-` Adawi said t hat he said t o ` Amr bin Sa` id while he was sending armies t o Makkah, "O Commander! Let me narrat e a Hadit h t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t he day t hat followed t he vict ory of Makkah. My ears heard t he Hadit h, my heart comprehended it , and my eyes saw t he Prophet when he said it . He t hanked Allah and praised him and t hen said,

モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰ∇ョゲあ エ ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ヰョ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ る∠ ムｚ ョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ゅ∠ヰ͡よ マ ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡ べ∇ャや ュ͡ ヲ∠Β∇ャや∠ヱ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョゅ͡ャ メ ͡ ゅ∠わボ͡ よ͡ ゾ ∠ カ ｚ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩⇔りゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ギ∠ ツ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ⇔ョキ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡ :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボ∠プ ユ∂ヤシヱ ヮΒヤハ ぶや ヴヤダ͡ヰヤャや メ ͡ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヶ͡ャ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ラク∠ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シゲ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ ュ∠ ヲ∠Β∇ャや ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ゲェ ⊥ ∇れキ∠ ゅ∠ハ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ケ∃ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇リョ͡ る⇔ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ «ょ͡もゅ∠ピ∇ャや ギ⊥ ワ͡ ゅｚゼャや ヒ͡ ヤあら∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ョほ∠∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠ヰわ͡ ョ∠ ∇ゲエ ⊥ ミ∠ (Allah, not t he people, made Makkah a sanct uary, so any person who has belief in Allah and t he Last Day, should neit her shed blood in it nor should he cut down it s t rees. If anybody argues t hat fight ing in it is permissible on t he basis t hat Allah's Messenger fought in Makkah, say t o him, ` Allah allowed His Messenger and did not allow you.' Allah allowed me only for a few hours on t hat day (of t he Conquest ), and t oday it s sanct it y is valid as it was before. So, t hose who are present should inform t hose who are absent (concerning t his fact ).) Abu Shurayh was asked, ` What did ` Amr reply' He said, (` Amr said) ` O Abu Shurayh! I know bet t er t han you about t his, t he Sacred House does not give prot ect ion t o a sinner, a murderer or a t hief.' This Hadit h was collect ed by Al-Bukhari and Muslim. Aft er t his, t here is no cont radict ion bet ween t he Hadit hs t hat st at ed t hat Allah made Makkah a sanct uary when He creat ed t he heavens and eart h and t he Hadit hs t hat Ibrahim made it a sanct uary, since Ibrahim conveyed Allah's decree t hat Makkah is a sanct uary, before he built t he House. Similarly, t he Messenger of Allah was writ t en as t he Final Prophet when Adam was st ill clay. Yet , Ibrahim said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ∇ゑバ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! Send amongst t hem a Messenger of t heir own) (2: 129). Allah accept ed Ibrahim's supplicat ion, alt hough He had full knowledge beforehand t hat it will occur by His decree. To furt her elaborat e on t his subj ect , we should ment ion t he Hadit h about what t he Messenger of Allah said when he was asked, "O Messenger of Allah! Tell us about how your prophet hood st art ed.'' He said,

ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∩∠ユΒ͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ヶ͡よぺ∠ り⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ » ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ヶあョぺ⊥ ∇れぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ユΑ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ͡ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ «ュゅｚゼャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ダホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇れ￢∠ ゅ∠ッぺ∠ ∀ケヲ⊥ル (I am t he supplicat ion of my fat her Ibrahim, t he good news of Jesus, t he son of Mary, and my mot her saw a light t hat radiat ed from her which illuminat ed t he cast les of Ash-Sham (Syria).) In t his Hadit h, t he Companions asked t he Messenger about t he beginning of his prophet hood. We will explain t his mat t er lat er, if Allah wills

Ibrahim invokes Allah to make Makkah an Area of Safety and Sustenance Allah said t hat Ibrahim said,

びゅ⇔レョ͡ へ や⇔ギ∠ヤ∠よ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィや ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ (My Lord, make t his cit y (Makkah) a place of securit y) (2:126) from t error, so t hat it s people do not suffer from fear. Allah accept ed Ibrahim's supplicat ion. Allah said,

びゅ⇔レ͡ョや∠￢ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ ∠ キ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (Whosoever ent ers it , he at t ains securit y) (3:97) and,

ブ ⊥ ト ｚガ ∠ わ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ⇔ゅレ͡ョや￢ ゅ⇔ョ∠ゲェ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや (Have t hey not seen t hat We have made (Makkah) a secure sanct uary, while men are being snat ched away from all around t hem) (29:67). We have already ment ioned t he Hadit hs t hat prohibit fight ing in t he Sacred Area. Muslim recorded t hat Jabir said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ゥゅ∠ヤジ あ ャや る∠ ムｚ ヨ∠ よ͡ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ» (No one is allowed t o carry weapons in Makkah.) Allah ment ioned t hat Ibrahim said,

びゅ⇔レョ͡ へ や⇔ギ∠ヤ∠よ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィや ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ (My Lord, make t his cit y (Makkah) a place of securit y) meaning, make t his a safe cit y. This occurred before t he Ka` bah was built . Allah said in Surat Ibrahim,

びゅ⇔レョ͡ へ ギ∠ ヤ∠ら∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィや ゆ あ ケ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ ゅホ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And (remember) when Ibrahim said, "My Lord! Make t his cit y (Makkah) one of peace and securit y...'') (14:35) as here, Ibrahim supplicat ed a second t ime aft er t he House was built and it s people lived around it , aft er Ishaq who was t hirt een years Isma` il's j unior was born. This is why at t he end of his supplicat ion, Ibrahim said here,

モ ∠ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ ゲ͡ ら∠ ム͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ͡ャ ょ ∠ ワ∠ ヱ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ び ￢͡ べ∠ハギぁ ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ∠ ャ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ヱ∠ (All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah, Who has given me in old age Isma` il (Ishmael) and Ishaq (Isaac). Verily, my Lord is indeed t he Hearer of invocat ions) (14:39). Allah said next ,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ んｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ベコ⊥ ∇ケや∠ヱぴ ｚユを⊥ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ あわョ∠ ほ⊥プ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ びゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ ゲぁ ト ∠ ∇ッぺ∠ ("...and provide it s people wit h fruit s, such of t hem as believe in Allah and t he Last Day.'' He (Allah) answered: "As for him who disbelieves, I shall leave him in cont ent ment for a while, t hen I shall compel him t o t he t orment of t he Fire, and worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion!'') Ibn Jarir said t hat Ubayy bin Ka` b comment ed on,

ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ ゲぁ ト ∠ ∇ッぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ あわョ∠ ほ⊥プ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ (He answered: "As for him who disbelieves, I shall leave him in cont ent ment for a while, t hen I shall compel him t o t he t orment of t he Fire, and worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion!'') "These are

Allah's Words (meaning not Ibrahim's)'' This is also t he Tafsir of Muj ahid and ` Ikrimah. Furt hermore, Ibn Abi Hat im narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ベコ⊥ ∇ケや∠ヱ ゅ⇔レョ͡ へ や⇔ギヤ∠よ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィや ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ びゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅよ͡ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ んｚ ャや (My Lord, make t his cit y (Makkah) a place of securit y and provide it s people wit h fruit s, such of t hem as believe in Allah and t he Last Day.) "Ibrahim asked Allah t o grant sust enance for t he believers only. However, Allah revealed, ` I will also provide for t he disbelievers, j ust as I shall provide for t he believers. Would I creat e somet hing and not sust ain and provide for I shall allow t he disbelievers lit t le delight , and t hen force t hem t o t he t orment of t he Fire, and what an evil dest inat ion.'' Ibn ` Abbas t hen recit ed,

ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ べ∠トハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ギぁ ヨ͡ ルぁ ６Κミ⊥ ぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ヌ∇エョ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠トハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ (On each t hese as well as t hose We best ow from t he bount ies of your Lord. And t he bount ies of your Lord can never be forbidden) (17:20). This was recorded by Ibn Marduwyah, who also recorded similar st at ement s from ` Ikrimah and Muj ahid. Similarly, Allah said,

Ι ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ギ∠ Α͡ギゼ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ボ⊥ Α͡グル⊥ (Verily, t hose who invent a lie against Allah will never be successful. (A brief) enj oyment in t his world! And t hen unt o Us will be t heir ret urn, t hen We shall make t hem t ast e t he severest t orment because t hey used t o disbelieve.) (10:69-70),

∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ヘミ⊥ マ ∠ ル⊥ゴ∇エΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ - ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ヰゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ レ⊥ プ∠ びナ ∃ Β͡ヤビ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲぁ ト ∠ ∇ツル∠ ｚユを⊥ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ あわヨ∠ ル⊥

(And whoever disbelieves, let not his disbelief grieve you (O Muhammad ). To Us is t heir ret urn, and We shall inform t hem what t hey have done. Verily, Allah is t he Knower of what is in t he breast s (of men). We let t hem enj oy for a lit t le while, t hen in t he end We shall oblige t hem t o (ent er) a great t orment .) (31:23-24) and,

リ∠ヨャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ ャｚ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∠ァ͡ケゅ∠バ∠ョ∠ヱ る∃ ツ ｚ プ͡ リあョ ゅ⇔ヘ⊥ボシ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βら⊥ ャ͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャゅ͡よ ゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ⇔やケ⊥ゲシ ⊥ ∠ヱ ゅ⇔よ∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βら⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヰ∠ ∇ヌΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ⇒∠わョ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぁモミ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ⇔プ⊥ゲ∇カコ⊥ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゃム͡ わｚ Α∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや (And were it not t hat mankind would have become of one communit y (all disbelievers desiring worldly life only), We would have provided for t hose who disbelieve in t he Most Gracious (Allah), silver roofs for t heir houses, and elevat ors whereby t hey ascend. And for t heir houses, doors (of silver), and t hrones (of silver) on which t hey could recline. And adornment s of gold. Yet all t his would have been not hing but an enj oyment of t his world. And t he Hereaft er wit h your Lord is (only) for t he Mut t aqin (t he pious).) (43:33-35). Allah said next ,

びゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ ゲぁ ト ∠ ∇ッぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then I shall compel him t o t he t orment of t he Fire, and worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion!) meaning, "Aft er t he delight t hat t he disbeliever enj oyed in t his life, I will make his dest inat ion t orment in t he Fire, and what an evil dest inat ion.'' This Ayah indicat es t hat Allah gives t he disbelievers respit e and t hen seizes t hem in a manner compat ible t o His great ness and abilit y. This Ayah is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

ｚユを⊥ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ニ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βヤ∠∇ョぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ リあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ (And many a t ownship did I give respit e while it was given t o wrongdoing. Then (in t he end) I seized it (wit h punishment ). And t o Me is t he (final) ret urn (of all)) (22:48). Also, t he Two Sahihs recorded,

∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ぶ ͡ や リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ン⇔ク∠ぺ ヴヤ∠ハ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇タぺ∠ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ユ͡ヰΒ͡プゅ∠バΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ギャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イΑ∠ (No one is more pat ient t han Allah when hearing abuse. They at t ribut e a son t o Him, while He grant s t hem sust enance and healt h.) The Sahih also recorded,

«ヮ∇わヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ロ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴ∂わェ ∠ ユ͡ ャ͡ゅｚヌヤ͡ャ ヶ͡ヤ∇ヨΒ⊥ ャ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» (Allah gives respit e t o t he unj ust person, unt il when He seizes him; He never let s go of him.) He t hen recit ed Allah's st at ement ,

ラ ｚ ま͡ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ニ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ グ⊥ ∇カぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠セ ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ロ⊥ グ∠ ∇カぺ∠ (Such is t he punishment of your Lord when He punishes t he (populat ion of) t owns while t hey are doing wrong. Verily, His punishment is painful (and) severe). (11:102)

Building the Ka` bah and asking Allah to accept This Deed Allah said,

モ ⊥ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ギ∠ ハ ͡ や∠ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ノ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ べｚレ͡ョ ∇モらｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ マ ∠ ャｚ る⇔ ヨ∠ ヤ͡∇ジョぁ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ べ∠レわ͡ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ ゆ ⊥ やｚヲわｚ ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ょゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レム∠ シ ͡ ゅ∠レョ∠ ゅ∠ル͡ケ∠ぺ∠ヱ び ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや (And (remember) when Ibrahim (Abraham) and (his son) Isma` il (Ishmael) were raising t he foundat ions of t he House (t he Ka` bah at Makkah), (saying), "Our Lord! Accept (t his service) from us. Verily, You are t he Hearer, t he Knower. Our Lord! And make us submissive unt o You

and of our offspring a nat ion submissive unt o You, and show us our Manasik and accept our repent ance. Truly, You are t he One Who accept s repent ance, t he Most Merciful.'') Allah said, "O Muhammad! Remind your people when Ibrahim and Isma` il built t he House and raised it s foundat ions while saying,

びユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ べｚレ͡ョ ∇モらｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! Accept (t his service) from us. Verily, You are t he Hearer, t he Knower.'') Al-Qurt ubi ment ioned t hat Ubayy and Ibn Mas` ud used t o recit e t he Ayah t his way,

びモ ⊥ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ギ∠ ハ ͡ や∠ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ノ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ べｚレ͡ョ ∇モらｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (And (remember) when Ibrahim and (his son) Isma` il were raising t he foundat ions of t he House (t he Ka` bah at Makkah), Saying, "Our Lord! Accept (t his service) from us. Verily, You are t he Hearer, t he Knower.'') What furt her t est ifies t o t his st at ement (which adds ` saying' t o t he Ayah) by Ubayy and Ibn Mas` ud, is what came aft erwards,

る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ べ∠レわ͡ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ リョ͡ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ びマ ∠ ャｚ る⇔ ヨ∠ ヤ͡∇ジョぁ (Our Lord! And make us submissive unt o You and of our offspring a nat ion submissive unt o You). The Prophet s Ibrahim and Isma` il were performing a good deed, yet t hey asked Allah t o accept t his good deed from t hem. Ibn Abi Hat im narrat ed t hat Wuhayb bin Al-Ward recit ed,

モ ⊥ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ギ∠ ハ ͡ や∠ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ノ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びべｚレ͡ョ ∇モらｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ (And (remember) when Ibrahim and (his son) Isma` il were raising t he foundat ions of t he House (t he Ka` bah at Makkah), (saying), "Our Lord! Accept (t his service) from us'') and cried and said, "O Khalil of Ar-Rahman! You raise t he foundat ions of t he House of Ar-Rahman (Allah), yet you

are afraid t hat He will not accept it from you'' This is t he behavior of t he sincere believers, whom Allah described in His st at ement ,

び∇やヲ∠ゎや￢ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who give t hat which t hey give) (23:60) meaning, t hey give away volunt ary charit y, and perform t he act s of worship yet ,

びる∀ ヤ∠ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヱｚ ぴ (wit h t heir heart s full of fear) (23: 60) afraid t hat t hese good deeds might not be accept ed of t hem. There is an aut hent ic Hadit h narrat ed by ` A'ishah on t his subj ect , which we will ment ion lat er, Allah willing. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Prophet Ibrahim t ook Isma` il and his mot her and went away wit h t hem unt il he reached t he area of t he House, where he left t hem next t o a t ree above Zamzam in t he upper area of t he Masj id. During t hat t ime, Isma` il's mot her was st ill nursing him. Makkah was t hen uninhabit ed, and t here was no wat er source in it . Ibrahim left t hem t here wit h a bag cont aining some dat es and a wat er-skin cont aining wat er. Ibrahim t hen st art ed t o leave, and Isma` il's mot her followed him and said, ` O Ibrahim! To whom are you leaving us in t his barren valley t hat is not inhabit ed' She repeat ed t he quest ion several t imes and Ibrahim did not reply. She asked, ` Has Allah commanded you t o do t his' He said, ` Yes.' She said, ` I am sat isfied t hat Allah will never abandon us.' Ibrahim left , and when he was far enough away where t hey could not see him, close t o Thaniyyah, he faced t he House, raised his hands and supplicat ed,

ン͡ク ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ キ∃ や∠ヲよ͡ ヴ͡わΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ リ͡ョ ろ ⊥ レ∠ム∇シぺ∠ ヴｚルま͡ べ∠レよｚ ケｚ ぴ びュ͡ ゲｚ エ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ わ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ネ ∃ ∇ケコ∠ (O our Lord! I have made some of my offspring t o dwell in an uncult ivable valley by Your Sacred House (t he Ka` bah at Makkah)) unt il,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ ぴ (Give t hanks) (14:37). Isma` il's mot her t hen ret urned t o her place, st art ed drinking wat er from t he wat er-skin and nursing Isma` il. When t he wat er was used up, she and her son became t hirst y. She looked at him, and he was suffering from t hirst ; she left , because she disliked seeing his face in t hat condit ion. She found t he nearest mount ian t o where she was, As-Safa, ascended it and looked, in vain, hoping t o see somebody. When she came down t o t he valley, she raised her garment and ran, j ust as a t ired person runs, unt il she reached t he Al-Marwah mount ain. In vain, she looked t o see if t here was someone t here. She ran t o and fro (bet ween t he t wo mount ains) seven t imes.'' Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said, "This is why t he people make t he t rip bet ween As-Safa and Al-Marwah (during Haj j and Umrah).''

"When she reached Al-Marwah, she heard a voice and said, ` Shush,' t o herself. She t ried t o hear t he voice again and when she did, she said, ` I have heard you. Do you have relief' She found t he angel digging wit h his heel (or his wing) where Zamzam now exist s, and t he wat er gushed out . Isma` il's mot her was ast onished and st art ed digging, using her hand t o t ransfer wat er t o t he wat er-skin.'' Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Prophet t hen said, "May Allah grant His mercy t o t he mot her of Isma` il, had she left t he wat er, (flow nat urally wit hout her int ervent ion), it would have been flowing on t he surface of t he eart h.'' "Isma` il's mot her st art ed drinking t he wat er and her milk increased for her child. The angel (Gabriel) said t o her, ` Do not fear abandonment . There shall be a House for Allah built here by t his boy and his fat her. Allah does not abandon His people.' During t hat t ime, t he area of t he House was raised above ground level and t he floods used t o reach it s right and left sides. Aft erwards some people of t he t ribe of Jurhum, passing t hrough Kada', made camp at t he bot t om of t he valley. They saw some birds, t hey were ast onished, and said, ` Birds can only be found at a place where t here is wat er. We did not not ice before t hat t his valley had wat er.' They sent a scout or t wo who searched t he area, found t he wat er, and ret urned t o inform t hem about it . Then t hey all went t o Isma` il's mot her, next t o t he wat er, and said, ` O Mot her of Isma` il! Will you allow us t o be wit h you (or dwell wit h you)' She said, ` Yes. But you will have no exclusive right t o t he wat er here.' They said, ` We agree.''' Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Prophet said, "At t hat t ime, Isma` il's mot her liked t o have human company.'' "And t hus t hey st ayed t here and sent for t heir relat ives t o j oin t hem. Lat er on, her boy reached t he age of pubert y and married a lady from t hem, for Isma` il learned Arabic from t hem, and t hey liked t he way he was raised. Isma` il's mot her died aft er t hat . Then an idea occurred t o Abraham t o visit his dependent s. So he left (t o Makkah). When he arrived, he did not find Isma` il, so he asked his wife about him. She said, ` He has gone out hunt ing.' When he asked her about t heir living condit ions, she complained t o him t hat t hey live in misery and povert y. Abraham said (t o her), ` When your husband comes, convey my greet ing and t ell him t o change t he t hreshold of his gat e.' When Isma` il came, he sensed t hat t hey had a visit or and asked his wife, ` Did we have a visit or' She said, ` Yes. An old man came t o visit us and asked me about you, and I t old him where you were. He also asked about our condit ion, and I t old him t hat we live in hardship and povert y.' Isma` il said, ` Did he ask you t o do anyt hing' She said, ` Yes. He asked me t o convey his greet ing and t hat you should change t he t hreshold of your gat e.' Isma` il said t o her, ` He was my fat her and you are t he t hreshold, so go t o your family (i.e. you are divorced).' So he divorced her and married anot her woman. Again Ibrahim t hought of visit ing his dependent s whom he had left (at Makkah). Ibrahim came t o Isma` il's house, but did not find Isma` il and asked his wife, ` Where is Isma` il' Isma` il's wife replied, ` He has gone out hunt ing.' He asked her about t heir condit ion, and she said t hat t hey have a good life and praised Allah. Ibrahim asked, ` What is your food and what is your drink' She replied, ` Our food is meat and our drink is wat er.' He said, ` O Allah! Bless t heir meat and t heir drink.''' The Prophet (Muhammad ) said, "They did not have crops t hen, ot herwise Ibrahim would have invoked Allah t o bless t hat t oo. Those who do not live in Makkah cannot bear eat ing a diet only cont aining meat and wat er.'' "Ibrahim said, ` When Isma` il comes back, convey my greet ing t o him and ask him t o keep t he t hreshold of his gat e.' When Isma` il came back, he asked, ` Has anyone visit ed us.' She said, ` Yes. A good looking old man,' and she praised Ibrahim, ` And he asked me about our livelihood and I t old him t hat we live in good condit ions.' He asked, ` Did he ask you t o convey any message' She said, ` Yes. He conveyed his greet ing t o you and said t hat you should keep t he t hreshold of your gat e.' Isma` il said, ` That was my fat her, and you are t he t hreshold; he commanded me t o keep you.'

Ibrahim t hen came back visit ing and found Isma` il behind t he Zamzam well, next t o a t ree, mending his arrows. When he saw Ibrahim, he st ood up and t hey greet ed each ot her, j ust as t he fat her and son greet each ot her. Ibrahim said, ` O Isma` il, Your Lord has ordered me t o do somet hing.' He said, ` Obey your Lord.' He asked Isma` il, ` Will you help me' He said, ` Yes, I will help you.' Ibrahim said, ` Allah has commanded me t o build a house for Him t here, ' and he point ed t o an area t hat was above ground level. So, bot h of t hem rose and st art ed t o raise t he foundat ions of t he House. Abraham st art ed building (t he Ka` bah), while Isma` il cont inued handing him t he st ones. Bot h of t hem were saying, ` O our Lord ! Accept (t his service) from us, Verily, You are t he Hearing, t he Knowing.' (2.127).''' Hence, t hey were building t he House, part by part , going around it and saying,

びユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ べｚレ͡ョ ∇モらｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! Accept (t his service) from us. Verily, You are t he Hearer, t he Knower.)

The Story of rebuilding the House by Quraysh before the Messenger of Allah was sent as Prophet In his Sirah, Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar said, "When t he Messenger of Allah reached t hirt yfive years of age, t he Quraysh gat hered t o rebuild t he Ka` bah, t his included covering it wit h a roof. However, t hey were weary of demolishing it . During t hat t ime, t he Ka` bah was barely above a man's shoulder, so t hey want ed t o raise it s height and build a ceiling on t op. Some people had st olen t he Ka` bah's t reasure beforehand, which used t o be in a well in t he middle of t he Ka` bah. The t reasure was lat er found wit h a man called, Duwayk, a freed servant of Bani Mulayh bin ` Amr, from t he t ribe of Khuza` ah. The Quraysh cut off his hand as punishment . Some people claimed t hat t hose who act ually st ole t he t reasure left it wit h Duwayk. Aft erwards, t he sea brought a ship t hat belonged t o a Roman merchant t o t he shores of Jeddah, where it washed-up. So t hey collect ed t he ship's wood t o use it for t he Ka` bah's ceiling; a Copt ic carpent er in Makkah prepared what t hey needed for t he j ob. When t hey decided t o begin t he demolit ion process t o rebuild t he House, Abu Wahb bin ` Amr bin ` A'idh bin ` Abd bin ` Imran bin Makhzum t ook a st one from t he Ka` bah; t he st one slipped from his hand and went back t o where it had been. He said, ` O people of Quraysh! Do not spend on rebuilding t he House, except from what was earned from pure sources. No money earned from a prost it ut e, usury or inj ust ice should be included.''' Ibn Ishaq comment ed here t hat t he people also at t ribut e t hese words t o Al-Walid bin Al-Mughirah bin ` Abdullah bin ` Amr bin Makhzum. Ibn Ishaq cont inued, "The Quraysh began t o organize t heir effort s t o rebuild t he Ka` bah, each subt ribe t aking t he responsibilit y of rebuilding a designat ed part of it . However, t hey were st ill weary about bringing down t he Ka` bah. Al-Walid bin Al-Mughirah said, ` I will st art t o bring it down.' He held an ax and st ood by t he Ka` bah and said, ` O Allah! No harm is meant . O Allah! We only seek t o do a good service.' He t hen st art ed t o chop t he House's st ones. The people wait ed t hat night and said, ` We will wait and see. If somet hing st rikes him, we will not bring it down and inst ead rebuid it t he way it was. If not hing happens t o him, t hen Allah will have agreed t o what we are doing.' The next morning, Al-Walid went t o work on t he Ka` bah, and t he people st art ed bringing t he Ka` bah down wit h him. When t hey reached t he foundat ions t hat Ibrahim built , t hey uncovered green st ones t hat were above each ot her, j ust like a pile of spears.'' Ibn Ishaq t hen said t hat some people t old him, "A man from Quraysh, who was helping rebuild t he Ka` bah, placed t he shovel bet ween t wo of t hese st ones t o pull t hem

up; when one of t he st ones was moved, all of Makkah shook, so t hey did not dig up t hese st ones.''

The Dispute regarding Who should place the Black Stone in Its Place Ibn Ishaq said, "The t ribes of Quraysh collect ed st ones t o rebuild t he House, each t ribe collect ing on t heir own. They st art ed rebuilding it , unt il t he rebuilding of t he Ka` bah reached t he point where t he Black St one was t o be placed in it s designat ed sit e. A disput e erupt ed bet ween t he various t ribes of Quraysh, each seeking t he honor of placing t he Black St one for t heir own t ribe. The disput e almost led t o violence bet ween t he leaders of Quraysh in t he area of t he Sacred House. Banu ` Abd Ad-Dar and Banu ` Adi bin Ka` b bin Lu'ay, gave t heir mut ual pledge t o fight unt il deat h. However, five or four days lat er, Abu Umayyah bin Al-Mughirah bin ` Abdullah bin ` Amr bin Makhzum, t he oldest man from Quraysh t hen int ervened at t he right moment . Abu Umayyah suggest ed t hat Quraysh should appoint t he first man t o ent er t he House from it s ent rance t o be a mediat or bet ween t hem. They agreed. The Messenger - Muhammad - was t he first person t o ent er t he House. When t he various leaders of Quraysh realized who t he first one was, t hey all proclaimed, ` This is Al-Amin (t he Honest one). We all accept him; This is Muhammad.' When t he Prophet reached t he area where t he leaders were gat hering and t hey informed him about t heir disput e, he asked t hem t o bring a garment and place it on t he ground. He placed t he Black St one on it . He t hen request ed t hat each of t he leaders of Quraysh hold t he garment from one side and all part icipat e in lift ing t he Black St one, moving it t o it s designat ed area. Next , t he Prophet carried t he Black St one by himself and placed it in it s designat ed posit ion and built around it . The Quraysh used t o call t he Messenger of Allah ` Al-Amin' even before t he revelat ion came t o him.''

Ibn Az-Zubayr rebuilds Al-Ka` bah the way the Prophet wished Ibn Ishaq said, "During t he t ime of t he Prophet , t he Ka` bah was eight een cubit s high and was covered wit h Egypt ian linen, and t hey wit h a st riped garment . Al-Haj j aj bin Yusuf was t he first person t o cover it wit h silk.'' The Ka` bah remained t he same way t he Quraysh rebuilt it , unt il it was burned during t he reign of ` Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr, aft er t he year 6o H, at t he end of t he reign of Yaz 0d bin Mu` awiyah. During t hat t ime, Ibn Az-Zubayr was besieged at Makkah. When it was burned, Ibn Az-Zubayr brought t he Ka` bah down and built it upon t he foundat ions of Ibrahim, including t he Hij r in it . He also made an east ern door and a west ern door in t he Ka` bah and placed t hem on ground level. He had heard his aunt ` A'ishah, t he Mot her of t he believers, narrat e t hat t he Messenger of Allah had wished t hat . The Ka` bah remained like t his t hroughout his reign, unt il Al-Haj j aj killed Ibn Az-Zubayr and t hen rebuilt it t he way it was before, by t he order of ` Abdul-Malik bin Marwan. Muslim recorded t hat ` At a' said, "The House was burnt during t he reign of Yazid bin Mu` awiyah, when t he people of Ash-Sham raided Makkah. Ibn Az-Zubayr did not t ouch t he House unt il t he people came for Haj j , for he want ed t o incit e t hem against t he people of Ash-Sham. He said t o t hem, ` O people! Advise me regarding t he Ka` bah, should we bring it down and rebuild it , or j ust repair t he damage it sust ained' Ibn ` Abbas said, ` I have an opinion about t his. You should rebuild t he House t he way it was when t he people became Muslims. You should leave t he st ones t hat exist ed when t he people became Muslims and when t he Prophet was sent . ' Ibn AzZubayr said, ` If t he house of one of t hem get s burned, he will not be sat isfied, unt il he rebuilds it . How about Allah's House I will invoke my Lord for t hree days and will t hen implement what I decide.' When t he t hree days had passed, he decided t o bring t he Ka` bah down. The people hesit at ed t o bring it down, fearing t hat t he first person t o climb on t he House would be st ruck

down. A man went on t op of t he House and t hrew some st ones down, and when t he people saw t hat no harm t ouched him, t hey st art ed doing t he same. They brought t he House down t o ground level. Ibn Az-Zubayr surrounded t he sit e wit h curt ains hanging from pillars, so t hat t he House would be covered, unt il t he building was erect . Ibn Az-Zubayr t hen said, ` I heard ` A'ishah say t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∃ゲ∇ヘム⊥ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇ヰハ ∠ ∀ゑΑ͡ギ∠ェ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ∇ヲャ∠» ろ ⊥ ∇レム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ も͡ ゅ∠レよ͡ ヴヤ∠ハ ヶ͡レΑあヲボ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ る͡ ボ∠ ヘ∠ レｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヵ͡ギ∇レハ ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∃ネケ⊥ ∇クぺ∠ る∠ ジ ∠ ∇ヨカ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇イエ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇キぺ∠ «ヮ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ⇔よゅ∠よヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ⇔よゅ∠よ (If it was not for t he fact t hat t he people have recent ly abandoned disbelief, and t hat I do not have enough money t o spend on it , I would have included in t he House five cubit s from Al-Hij r and would have made a door for it t hat people could ent er from, and anot her door t hat t hey could exit from.) Ibn Az-Zubayr said, ` I can spend on t his j ob, and I do not fear t he people.' So he added five cubit s from t he Hij r, which looked like a rear part for t he House t hat people could clearly see. He t hen built t he House and made it eight een cubit s high. He t hought t hat t he House was st ill short and added t en cubit s in t he front and built t wo doors in it , one as an ent rance and anot her as an exit . When Ibn Az-Zubayr was killed, Al-Haj j aj wrot e t o ` Abdul-Malik bin Marwan asking him about t he House and t old him t hat Ibn Az-Zubayr made a rear sect ion for t he House. ` Abdul-Malik wrot e back, ` We do not agree wit h Ibn Az-Zubayr's act ions. As, for t he Ka` bah's height , leave it as it is. As for what he added from t he Hij r, bring it down, and build t he House as it was before and close t he door.' Therefore, Al-Haj j aj brought down t he House and rebuilt it as it was.'' In his Sunan, An-Nasa'i collect ed t he Hadit h of t he Prophet narrat ed from ` A'ishah, not t he whole st ory, The correct Sunnah conformed t o Ibn Az-Zubayr's act ions, because t his was what t he Prophet wished he could do, but feared t hat t he heart s of t he people who recent ly became Muslim could not bear rebuilding t he House. This Sunnah was not clear t o ` Abdul-Malik bin Marwan. Hence, when ` Abdul-Malik realized t hat ` A'ishah had narrat ed t he Hadit h of t he Messenger of Allah on t his subj ect , he said, "I wish we had left it as Ibn Az-Zubayr had made it .'' Muslim recorded t hat ` Ubadydullah bin ` Ubayd said t hat Al-Harit h bin ` Abdullah came t o ` Abdul-Malik bin Marwan during his reign. ` Abdul-Malik said, ` I did not t hink t hat Abu Khubayb (Ibn AzZubayr) heard from ` A'ishah what he said he heard from her.' Al-Harit h said, ` Yes he did. I heard t he Hadit h from her.' ` Abdul-Malik said, ` You heard her say what ' He said, ` She said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ャ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ラ ͡ ゅ∠Β∇レよ⊥ ∇リョ͡ やヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ ∇ボわ∠ ∇シや マ ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∇レョ͡ やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ れ ⊥ ∇ギハ ∠ ぺ∠ ポ ͡ ∇ゲゼ あ ャゅ͡よ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヰハ ∠ る⊥ を∠ や∠ギェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ マ ͡ Α∠ ケ͡ ほ⊥ャ͡ ヶあヨヤ⊥∠ヰ∠プ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥レ∇らΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇バよ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ や∠ギよ∠ «ヮ∇レョ͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ (Your people rebuilt t he House smaller. Had it not been for t he fact t hat your people are not far from t he t ime of Shirk, I would add what was left out side of it . If your people aft erwards t hink about rebuilding it , let me show you what t hey left out of it .) He showed her around seven cubit s.' One of t he narrat ors of t he Hadit h, Al-Walid bin ` At a', added t hat t he Prophet said,

:チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヶ͡プ リ ͡ ∇Βハ ∠ ヲ⊥ッ∇ヲョ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠よ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ » マ ͡ ョ⊥ ヲ∠ホ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ユ∠ ャ͡ リ ∠ Α͡ケギ∠ゎ ∇モワ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ６Βよ͡ ∇ゲビ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ６Βホ͡ ∇ゲセ ∠ «∨ゅ∠ヰよ∠ ゅ∠よ やヲ⊥バプ∠ ケ∠ :

:

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:

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ∩やヱ⊥キや∠ケぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ や⇔コゴぁ バ∠ ゎ∠ » ヶ͡ボゎ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ∠ルヲ⊥ハ∠ギ∠Α ゅ∠ヰヤ∠カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠クま͡ モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや «テ∠ボジ ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バプ∠ キ∠ モ ∠カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ミ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ (I would have made t wo doors for t he House on ground level, one east ern and one west ern. Do you know why your people raised it s door above ground level) She said, ` No.' He said, (To allow only t hose whom t hey want ed t o ent er it . When a man whom t hey did not wish t o ent er t he House climbed t o t he level of t he door, t hey would push him down) ` Abdul-Malik t hen said, ` You heard ` A'ishah say t his Hadit h' He said, ` Yes.' ` Abdul-Malik said, ` I wish I left it as it was.''

An Ethiopian will destroy the Ka` bah just before the Last Hour

The Two Sahihs recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«る∠ゼら∠ エ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ボ∠ ∇Αヲ∠ ジ ぁ ャや ヱ⊥ク る∠ ら∠ ∇バム∠ ∇ャや ゆ ⊥ あゲガ ∠ Α⊥ » (The Ka` bah will be dest royed by Dhus-Sawiqat ayn (lit erally, a person wit h t wo lean legs) from Et hiopia.) Also, Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Prophet said,

«や⇔ゲイ ∠ェ ∠ や⇔ゲイ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ ∠ヤ∇ボ∠Α ア ∠エ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ キ∠ ヲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヶあルほ∠ミ∠ » (As if I see him now: a black person wit h t hin legs plucking t he st ones of t he Ka` bah one aft er anot her.) Al-Bukhari recorded t his Hadit h. Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal recorded in his Musnad t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr bin Al-` As said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

る͡ ゼ ∠ ら∠ エ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ボ∠ ∇Αヲ∠ ジ ぁ ャや ヱ⊥ク る∠ ら∠ ∇バム∠ ∇ャや ゆ ⊥ あゲガ ∠ Α⊥ » ヶあルほ∠ム∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅヰ∠ ゎ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ジミ͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ワキ⊥ ゲあ イ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤェ ͡ ゅ∠ヰら⊥ ヤ⊥∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ ネ ∠ ギ͡ ∇Βプ∠ ぺ⊥ ヱ∠ ノ∠ ヤ͡∇Βタ ∠ ぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ «ヮ͡ャヲ∠ ∇バョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠エ∇ジヨ͡ よ͡ (Dhus-Sawiqat ayn from Et hiopia will dest roy t he Ka` bah and will loot it s adornment s and cover. It is as if I see him now: bald, wit h t hin legs st riking t he Ka` bah wit h his ax.) This will occur aft er t he appearance of Gog and Magog people. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ァ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほΑ∠ ァ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲカ ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ラ ｚ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ わ∠ ∇バΒ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや リ ｚイ ｚ ∠エΒ⊥ ∠ャ» «ァヲ⊥ィ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ (There will be Haj j and ` Umrah t o t he House aft er t he appearance of Gog and Magog people.)

Al-Khalil's Supplication Allah said t hat Ibrahim and Isma` il supplicat ed t o Him,

る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ べ∠レわ͡ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ょゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レム∠ シ ͡ ゅ∠レョ∠ ゅ∠ル͡ケ∠ぺ∠ヱ マ ∠ ャｚ る⇔ ヨ∠ ヤ͡∇ジョぁ び ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゆ ⊥ やｚヲわｚ ャや (Our Lord! And make us submissive unt o You and of our offspring a nat ion submissive unt o You, and show us our Manasik, and accept our repent ance. Truly, You are t he One Who accept s repent ance, t he Most Merciful.) Ibn Jarir said, "They meant by t heir supplicat ion, ` Make us submit t o Your command and obedience and not associat e anyone wit h You in obedience or worship.''Also, ` Ikrimah comment ed on t he Ayah,

びマ ∠ ャ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! And make us submissive unt o You) "Allah said, ` I shall do t hat .'''

びマ ∠ ャｚ る⇔ ヨ∠ ヤ͡∇ジョぁ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ べ∠レわ͡ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (And of our offspring a nat ion submissive unt o You) Allah said, ` I shall do t hat .'" This supplicat ion by Ibrahim and Isma` il is similar t o what Allah informed us of about His believing servant s,

ゅ∠レィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ょワ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ョま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ リ ∃ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ り∠ ゲｚ ホ⊥ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒ｚΑケあ ク⊥ ヱ∠ (And t hose who say: ` Our Lord! Best ow on us from our wives and our offspring t he comfort of our eyes, and make us leaders of t he Mut t aqin) (25:74). This t ype of supplicat ion is allowed, because loving t o have offspring who worship Allah alone wit hout part ners is a sign of complet e love of Allah. This is why when Allah said t o Ibrahim,

びゅ⇔ョゅ∠ョま͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ マ ∠ ヤ⊥バ͡ ⇒∠ィ ヴあルま͡ぴ

(Verily, I am going t o make you an Imam (a leader) for mankind (t o follow you)) Ibrahim said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ヵ͡ギ∇ヰハ ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠レΑ∠ Ι ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヴ͡わΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ ("And of my offspring (t o make leaders).'' (Allah) said, "My covenant (prophet hood) includes not t he Zalimin (polyt heist s and wrongdoers)'') which is explained by,

びュ∠ ゅ∠レ∇タΙ ｘ や ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇バルｚ ラ∠ぺ ヴ ｚ レ͡ よ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レ∇らレ⊥ ∇ィや∠ヱぴ (And keep me and my sons away from worshipping idols) Muslim narrat ed in his Sahih t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

:ゐ ∃ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ノ∠ ト ∠ ボ∠ ∇ルや ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ⊥ ∇よや れ ∠ ゅ∠ョ や∠クま͡» ウ ∃ ャ͡ゅ∠タ ギ∃ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ わ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ィ る∃ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ «ヮ∠ャ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α (When t he son of Adam dies, his deeds end except for t hree deeds: an ongoing charit y, a knowledge t hat is being benefit ed from and a right eous son who supplicat es (t o Allah) for him.)

The Meaning of Manasik Sa` id bin Mansur said t hat ` At t ab bin Bashir informed us from Khasif, from Muj ahid who said, "The Prophet Ibrahim supplicat ed,

びゅ∠レム∠ シ ͡ ゅ∠レョ∠ ゅ∠ル͡ケ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (and show us our Manasik) Jibril t hen came down, t ook him t o t he House and said, ` Raise it s foundat ions.' Ibrahim raised t he House's foundat ions and complet ed t he building. Jibril held Ibrahim's hand, led him t o As-Safa and said, ` This is among t he rit uals of Allah.' He t hen t ook him t o Al-Marwah and said, ` And t his is among t he rit uals of Allah.' He t hen t ook him t o Mina unt il when t hey reached t he ` Aqabah, t hey found Iblis st anding next t o a t ree. Jibril said, ` Say Takbir (Allah is t he Great ) and t hrow (pebbles) at him.' Ibrahim said t he Takbir and t hrew (pebbles at ) Iblis. Iblis moved t o t he middle Jamrah, and when Jibril and Ibrahim passed by him, Jibril said t o Ibrahim, ` Say Takbir and t hrow at him.' Ibrahim t hrew at him and said Takbir. The devious Iblis sought t o add some evil act s t o t he rit uals of Haj j , but he was unable t o succeed. Jibril t ook Ibrahim's hand and led him t o Al-Mash` ar Al-Haram and ` Arafat and said t o him, ` Have you ` Araft a (known, learned) what I showed you' t hrice. Ibrahim said, ` Yes I did.''' Similar st at ement s were report ed from Abu Mij laz and Qat adah. a

∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ∇ゑバ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ Βあミゴ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ マ ∠ わ͡ ⇒∠Αへ び ユ⊥ Β͡ム∠エャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ (129. "Our Lord! Send amongst t hem a Messenger of t heir own, who shall recit e unt o t hem Your verses and inst ruct t hem in t he Book (t his Qur'an), and purify t hem. Verily, You are t he Might y, t he Wise.'')

Ibrahim's Supplication that Allah sends the Prophet Allah ment ioned Ibrahim's supplicat ion for t he benefit of t he people of t he Sacred Area (t o grant t hem securit y and provision), and it was perfect ed by invoking Allah t o send a Messenger from his offspring. This accept ed supplicat ion, from Ibrahim, conformed wit h Allah's appoint ed dest iny t hat Muhammad be sent as a Messenger among t he Ummiyyin and t o all non-Arabs, among t he Jinns and mankind. Hence, Ibrahim was t he first person t o ment ion t he Prophet t o t he people. Ever since, Muhammad was known t o t he people, unt il t he last Prophet was sent among t he Children of Israel, Jesus t he son of Mary, who ment ioned Muhammad by name. Jesus addressed t he Children of Israel saying,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ン ｚ ギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョぁ ユ⊥ム∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴあルま͡ぴ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇シや ン͡ギ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シゲ∠ よ͡ や⇔ゲあゼら∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや びギ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ (I am t he Messenger of Allah unt o you, confirming what is before me in t he Tawrah, and giving glad t idings of a Messenger t o come aft er me, whose name shall be Ahmad) (61:6) This is why t he Prophet said ,

«ユ∠Α∇ゲョ∠ リ ͡ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ヶ͡よぺ∠ り⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ » (The supplicat ion of my fat her Ibrahim and t he glad t idings brought fort h by Jesus t he son of Mary.) The Prophet said,

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇れ￢∠ ゅ∠ッぺ∠ ∀ケヲ⊥ル ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ヶあョぺ⊥ ∇れぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ » «ュゅｚゼャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ダホ⊥ (My mot her saw a light t hat went out of her and radiat ed t he palaces of Ash-Sham.) It was said t hat t he Prophet 's mot her saw t his vision when she was pregnant wit h, narrat ed t his vision t o her people, and t he st ory became popular among t hem. The light ment ioned in t he Hadit h appeared in Ash-Sham (Great er Syria), t est ifying t o what will lat er occur when t he Prophet 's religion will be firmly est ablished in Ash-Sham area. This is why by t he end of t ime, Ash-Sham will be a refuge for Islam and it s people. Also, Jesus t he son of Mary will descend in Ash-Sham, next t o t he east ern whit e minaret in Damascus. The Two Sahihs st at ed,

ゅ∠ャ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲワ͡ ゅ∠ニ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ ゅ∠デ メ ⊥ や∠ゴゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» ヶ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヘ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠カ ∇リョ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠グ∠ カ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ «マ͡ャ∠グ∠ミ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ «ュゅｚゼャゅよ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ » (There will always be a group of my Ummah who will be on t he t rut h, undet erred by t hose who fail or oppose t hem, unt il t he command of Allah comes while t hey are on t his.) Al-Bukhari added in his Sahih, (And t hey will reside in Ash-Sham.)

The Meaning of Al-Kitab wal-Hikmah Allah said,

びょ ∠ ⇒わ∠ ム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and inst ruct t hem in t he Book) meaning, Al-Qur'an,

び͡る∠ヨ⇒⇒∇ム͡エ∇ャや∠ヱぴ

(and Al-Hikmah) meaning, t he Sunnah, as Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Muqat il bin Hayyan and Abu Malik assert ed. It was also said t hat ` Al-Hikmah', means ` comprehension in t he religion', and bot h meanings are correct . ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said, t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

び∇ユヰ͡ Βあミゴ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and purify t hem) means, "Wit h t he obedience of Allah.''

びユ⊥ Β͡ム∠エャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, You are t he Might y, t he Wise). This Ayah st at ed t hat Allah is able t o do anyt hing, and not hing escapes His abilit y. He is Wise in His decisions, His act ions, and He put s everyt hing in it s right ful place due t o His perfect knowledge, wisdom and j ust ice.

ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ヮ∠ ヘ͡ シ ∠ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ る͡ ヤｚョあ リ∠ハ ょ ⊥ ビ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ルｚま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βヘ∠ ト ∠ ∇タや ギ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ユヤ͡∇シぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ヮ͡ Β͡レよ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ べ∠ヰよ͡ ヴｚタヱ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ ャ͡ Κ ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ Αあギャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ヴヘ∠ ト ∠ ∇タや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ ｚ レ͡ ら∠ ⇒∠Α ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョぁ ユ⊥わル∠ぺヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま∠ リ ｚ ゎ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ (130. And who t urns away from t he religion of Ibrahim (i.e. Islamic Monot heism) except him who fools himself Truly, We chose him in t his world and verily, in t he Hereaft er he will be among t he right eous). (131. When his Lord said t o him, "Submit (i.e. be a Muslim)!'' He said, "I have submit t ed myself (as a Muslim) t o t he Lord of t he ` Alamin (mankind, Jinn and all t hat exist s).'') (132. And t his (submission t o Allah, Islam) was enj oined by Ibrahim (Abraham) upon his sons and by Ya` qub (Jacob) (saying), "O my sons! Allah has chosen for you t he (t rue) religion, t hen die not except as Muslims.'')

Only the Fools deviate from Ibrahim's Religion Allah refut ed t he disbelievers' innovat ions of associat ing ot hers wit h Allah in defiance of t he religion of Ibrahim, t he leader of t he upright . Ibrahim always singled out Allah in worship, wit h sincerit y, and he did not call upon ot hers besides Allah. He did not commit Shirk, even for an

inst ant . He disowned every ot her deit y t hat was being worshipped inst ead of Allah and defied all his people in t his regard. Prophet Ibrahim said,

へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴあよケ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ る⇔ ビ ∠ コ͡ ゅ∠よ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ン∠ぺケ∠ ゅｚヨ∠ヤプ∠ ぴ ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ヴあルま͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ろヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ゲ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ン͡グヤｚャ͡ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヰｚィヱ∠ ヴあルま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや び (O my people! I am indeed free from all t hat you j oin as part ners (in worship wit h Allah). Verily, I have t urned my face t owards Him Who has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h Hanifa (Islamic Monot heism), and I am not of Al-Mushrikin.) (6:78-79). Also, Allah said,

ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢へ∠ゲ∠よ ヴ͡レルｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΒ∠ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ヴ͡ルゲ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ン͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ (And (remember) when Ibrahim said t o his fat her and his people: "Verily, I am innocent of what you worship. "Except Him (i.e. I worship none but Allah alone) Who did creat e me; and verily, He will guide me'') (43:26-27),

り∃ ギ∠ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョｚ リ∠ハ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヘ∇ピわ͡ ∇シや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ぺ∠ゲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ロ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ べ∠ワギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ェ ∀ロやｚヱ∠Ε ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ (And Ibrahim's invoking (of Allah) for his fat her's forgiveness was only because of a promise he (Ibrahim) had made t o him (his fat her). But when it became clear t o him (Ibrahim) t hat he (his fat her) was an enemy of Allah, he dissociat ed himself from him. Verily, Ibrahim was Awwah (one who invokes Allah wit h humilit y, glorifies Him and remembers Him much) and was forbearing) (9:114), and,

リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ゅ⇔わレ͡ ⇒∠ホ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ や∠ギワ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠らわ∠ ∇ィや ヮ͡ ヨ͡ バ⊥ ∇ルΙ や⇔ゲ͡ミゅ∠セ - リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や￢∠ヱ - ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ びリ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ (Verily, Ibrahim was an Ummah (a leader having all t he good qualit ies, or a nat ion), obedient t o Allah, Hanif (i.e. t o worship none but Allah), and he was not one of t hose who were AlMushrikin. (He was) t hankful for His (Allah's) favors. He (Allah) chose him (as an int imat e friend) and guided him t o a st raight pat h. And We gave him good in t his world, and in t he Hereaft er he shall be of t he right eous.) (16:120-122). This is why Allah said here,

び∠ユΒ͡ワ∠ゲ∇よ͡ま る͡ ヤｚョあ リ∠ハ ょ ⊥ ビ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And who t urns away from t he religion of Ibrahim), meaning, abandons his pat h, way and met hod

びヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ヮ∠ ヘ͡ シ ∠ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except him who fools himself) meaning, who commit s inj ust ice against himself by deviat ing from t he t rut h, t o wickedness. Such a person will be defying t he pat h of he who was chosen in t his life t o be a t rue Imam, from t he t ime he was young, unt il Allah chose him t o be His Khalil, and who shall be among t he successful in t he Last Life. Is t here anyt hing more insane t han deviat ing from t his pat h and following t he pat h of misguidance and deviat ion inst ead Is t here more inj ust ice t han t his Allah said,

び∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ユ∇ヤヌ ⊥ ∠ャ ポ ∠ ∇ゲゼ あ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, j oining ot hers in worship wit h Allah is a great Zulm (wrong) indeed) (31:13). Abu Al-` Aliyah and Qat adah said, "This Ayah (2:130) was revealed about t he Jews who invent ed a pract ice t hat did not come from Allah and t hat defied t he religion of Ibrahim.'' Allah's st at ement ,

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ͡ムャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ６Βル͡ や∠ゲ∇ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ６Α͡キヲ⊥ヰ∠Α ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ ラ ｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ͡ヤ∇ジョぁ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よみ͡よ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ ぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ (Ibrahim was neit her a Jew nor a Christ ian, but he was a t rue Muslim Hanifa (t o worship none but Allah alone) and he was not of Al-Mushrikin. Verily, among mankind who have t he best claim t o Ibrahim are t hose who followed him, and t his Prophet (Muhammad ) and t hose who have believed (Muslims). And Allah is t he Wali (Prot ect or and Helper) of t he believers.) (3:6768), t est ifies t o t his fact . Allah said next ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ユヤ͡∇シぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ (When his Lord said t o him, "Submit (i. e. be a Muslim)!'' He said, "I have submit t ed myself (as a Muslim) t o t he Lord of t he ` Alamin (mankind, Jinn and all t hat exist s).'') This Ayah indicat es t hat Allah commanded Ibrahim t o be sincere wit h Him and t o abide and submit t o Him; Ibrahim perfect ly adhered t o Allah's command. Allah's st at ement ,

びゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡レよ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ べ∠ヰよ͡ ヴｚタヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t his (submission t o Allah, Islam) was enj oined by Ibrahim upon his sons and by Ya` qub) means, Ibrahim commanded his offspring t o follow t his religion, t hat is, Islam, for Allah. Or, t he Ayah might be referring t o Ibrahim's words,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ぴ (I have submit t ed myself (as a Muslim) t o t he Lord of t he ` Alamin (mankind, Jinn and all t hat exist s)). This means t hat t hese Prophet s loved t hese words so much t hat t hey preserved t hem unt il t he t ime of deat h and advised t heir children t o adhere t o t hem aft er t hem. Similarly, Allah said,

びヮ͡ ら͡ ボ͡ ハ ∠ ヴ͡プ る⇔ Β∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠よ る⇔ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And he (Ibrahim) made it i.e. La ilaha illallah (none has t he right t o be worshipped but Allah alone) a Word last ing among his offspring, (t rue Monot heism)) (43:28). It might be t hat Ibrahim advised his children, including Jacob, Isaac's son, who were present . It appears, and Allah knows best , t hat Isaac was endowed wit h Jacob, during t he lifet ime of Ibrahim and Sarah, for t he good news includes bot h of t hem in Allah's st at ement ,

びゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ ￢͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シみ͡よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ル∇ゲゼ ｚ ら∠ プ∠ ぴ (But We gave her (Sarah) glad t idings of Ishaq (Isaac), and aft er Ishaq, of Ya` qub (Jacob)) (11:71). Also, if Jacob was not alive t hen, t here would be no use here in ment ioning him specifically among Isaac's children. Also, Allah said in Surat Al-` Ankabut ,

ヮ͡ わ͡ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らワ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∠りヲｚ ら⊥ レぁ ャや (And We best owed on him (Ibrahim), Ishaq and Ya` qub, and We ordained among his offspring prophet hood and t he Book.) (29:27), and,

びる⇔ ヤ∠プ͡ ゅ∠ル ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らワ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We best owed upon him Ishaq, and (a grandson) Ya` qub) (21:72), t hus, indicat ing t hat t his occurred during Ibrahim's lifet ime. Also, Jacob built Bayt Al-Maqdis, as earlier books t est ified. The Two Sahihs recorded t hat Abu Dharr said, "I said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Which Masj id was built first ' He said, (Al-Masj id Al-Haram (Al-Ka` bah).) I said, ` Then' He said, (Bayt Al- Maqdis.) I said, ` How many years lat er' He said, (Fort y years. )'' Furt her, t he advice t hat Jacob gave t o his children, which we will soon ment ion, t est ifies t hat Jacob was among t hose who received t he advice ment ioned in Ayat above (2:130-132).

Adhering to Tawhid until Death Allah said,

Ι ｚ ま∠ リ ｚ ゎ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ Αあギャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ヘト ∠ ∇タや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ ｚ レ͡ ら∠ ⇒∠Αぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョぁ ユ⊥わル∠ぺヱ∠ ((Saying), "O my sons! Allah has chosen for you t he (t rue) religion, t hen die not except as Muslims.'') meaning, perform right eous deeds during your lifet ime and remain on t his pat h, so t hat Allah will endow you wit h t he favor of dying upon it . Usually, one dies upon t he pat h t hat

he lived on and is resurrect ed according t o what he died on. Allah, t he Most Generous, helps t hose who seek t o do good deeds t o remain on t he right eous pat h. This by no means cont radict s t he aut hent ic Hadit h t hat says,

ゅ∠ョ ヴ⇒∂わェ ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ͡ ヨ∠ バ∠ よ͡ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ ャ∠ モ ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ∀ネや∠ケ͡ク ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀ネゅ∠よ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ .ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ プ∠ ケゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ͡ ヨ∠ バ∠ よ͡ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ バ∠Βプ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴわｚ ェ ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ͡ ワ∠ぺ モ ͡ ヨ∠ バ∠ よ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ ャ∠ モ ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ∀ネや∠ケ͡ク ヱ∠ぺ ∀ネゅ∠よ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ «ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ プ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ͡ ヨ∠ バ∠ よ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ プ∠ (Man might perform t he works of t he people of Paradise unt il only a span of out st ret ched arms or a cubit separat es him from it , t hen t he Book (dest iny) t akes precedence, and he performs t he works of t he people of t he Fire and t hus ent ers it . Also, man might perform t he works of t he people of t he Fire unt il only a span of out st ret ched arms or a cubit separat es him from t he Fire, but t he Book t akes precedence and he performs t he works of t he people of Paradise and t hus ent ers it .) Allah said, (92:5-10),

- ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ベ ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ - ヴ∠ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ヴ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ - ヴ∠レ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ モ ∠ガ ͡ よ∠ リ∠ョ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ - ン∠ゲ∇ジΒ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ あジΒ∠ レ⊥ ジ ∠ プ∠ び ン∠ゲ∇ジバ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ あジΒ∠ レ⊥ ジ ∠ プ∠ - ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ (As for him who gives (in charit y) and keeps his dut y t o Allah and fears Him. And believes in AlHusna. We will make smoot h for him t he pat h of ease (goodness). But he who is a greedy miser and t hinks himself self-sufficient . And belies Al-Husna (none has t he right t o be worshipped except Allah). We will make smoot h for him t he pat h for evil),

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ゲ∠ ツ ∠ ェ ∠ ∇クま͡ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ ヰ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ン͡ギ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ Β͡レら∠ ャ͡

や⇔ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ マ ∠ も͡ べ∠よへ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ユ⊥わ∇らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ムャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α n(133. Or were you wit nesses when deat h approached Ya` qub (Jacob) When he said unt o his sons, "What will you worship aft er me'' They said, "We shall worship your AIlah (God Allah) t he Ilah of your fat hers, Ibrahim (Abraham), Isma` il (Ishmael), Ishaq (Isaac), One Ilah, and t o Him we submit (in Islam)).'' (134. That was a nat ion who has passed away. They shall receive t he reward of what t hey earned and you of what you earn. And you will not be asked of what t hey used t o do.)

Ya` qub's Will and Testament to His Children upon His Death This Ayah cont ains Allah's crit icism of t he Arab pagans among t he offspring of Isma` il as well as t he disbelievers among t he Children of Israel Jacob t he son of Isaac, t he son of Ibrahim. When deat h came t o Jacob, he advised his children t o worship Allah alone wit hout part ners. He said t o t hem,

ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ ヰ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ン͡ギ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ びペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ マ ∠ も͡ べ∠よへ ("What will you worship aft er me'' They said, "We shall worship your Ilah (God of your fat hers, Ibrahim, Isma` il, Ishaq,'')

Allah) t he Ilah

Ment ioning Isma` il here is a figure of speech, because Isma` il is Jacob's uncle. An-Nahas said t hat t he Arabs call t he uncle a fat her, as Al-Qurt ubi ment ioned). This Ayah is used as evidence t hat t he grandfat her is called a fat her and inherit s, rat her t han t he brot hers (i.e. when his son dies), as Abu Bakr assert ed, according t o Al-Bukhari who narrat ed Abu Bakr's st at ement from Ibn ` Abbas and Ibn Az-Zubayr. Al-Bukhari t hen comment ed t hat t here are no opposing opinions regarding t his subj ect . This is also t he opinion of ` A'ishah t he Mot her of t he believers, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Tawus and ` At a', Malik, Ash-Shaf` i and Ahmad said t hat t he inherit ance is divided bet ween t he grandfat her and t he brot hers. It was report ed t hat t his was also t he opinion of ` Umar, ` Ut hman, ` Ali, bin Mas` ud, Zayd bin Thabit and several scholars among t he Salaf and lat er generat ions. The st at ement ,

びや⇔ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ぴ (One Ilah (God)) means, "We single Him out in divinit y and do not associat e anyt hing or anyone wit h Him.''

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t o Him we submit ), in obedience meaning, obedient and submissiveness. Similarly, Allah said,

ゅ⇔ハ∇ヲデ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ワ∇ゲミ∠ ヱ∠ (While t o Him submit t ed all creat ures in t he heavens and t he eart h, willingly or unwillingly. And t o Him shall t hey all be ret urned) (3:83). Indeed, Islam is t he religion of all t he Prophet s, even if t heir rei spect ive laws differed. Allah said,

ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥ル Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ (And We did not send any Messenger before you (O Muhammad ) but We revealed t o him (saying): La ilaha illa Ana none has t he right t o be worshipped but I (Allah) , so worship Me (alone and none else)) (21:25). There are many ot her Ayat - and Hadit hs - on t his subj ect . For inst ance, t he Prophet said,

«ギ͡ェや∠ヱ ゅレ⊥レΑ͡キ れ ∃ ゅｚヤハ ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ » (We, t he Prophet s, are brot hers wit h different mot hers, but t he same religion.) Allah said,

び∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ (That was a nat ion who has passed away) meaning, exist ed before your t ime,

びユ⊥わ∇らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ムャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ぴ (They shall receive t he reward of what t hey earned and you of what you earn). This Ayah proclaims, Your relat ionship t o t he Prophet s or right eous people among your ancest ors will not benefit you, unless you perform good deeds t hat bring about you religious benefit . They have t heir deeds and you have yours,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And you will not be asked of what t hey used t o do).'' This is why a Hadit h proclaims,

«ヮ⊥らジ ∠ ル∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ネゲ͡ ∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ほ∠ト ｚ よ∠ ∇リョ∠ » (Whoever was slowed on account of his deeds will not get any fast er on account of his family lineage.)'

∇モよ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔キヲ⊥ワ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ る∠ ヤｚョ͡ (135. And t hey say, "Be Jews or Christ ians, t hen you will be guided.'' Say (t o t hem O Muhammad ), "Nay, (we follow) only t he religion of Ibrahim, Hanif (Islamic Monot heism), and he was not of Al-Mushrikin (t hose who worshipped ot hers along wit h Allah. ) Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ` Abdullah bin Suriya Al-A` war said t o t he Messenger of Allah, "The guidance is only what we (Jews) follow. Therefore, follow us, O Muhammad, and you will be right ly guided.'' Also, t he Christ ians said similarly, so Allah revealed,

び∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔キヲ⊥ワ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey say, "Be Jews or Christ ians, t hen you will be guided.'') Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ る∠ ヤｚョ͡ ∇モよ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say (t o t hem O Muhammad ), "Nay, (we follow) only t he religion of Ibrahim, Hanif) means, "We do not need t he Judaism or Christ ianit y t hat you call us t o, rat her,

びゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ る∠ ヤｚョ͡ ぴ ((we follow) only t he religion of Ibrahim, Hanif) meaning, on t he st raight pat h, as Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi and ` Isa bin Jariyah st at ed. Also, Abu Qilabah said, "The Hanif is what t he Messengers, from beginning t o end, believed in.''

ヴ∠ャま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホぴ ヅ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇シΕ ∠ や∠ヱ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲぁΒら͡ レｚ ャや ヶ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ベ ⊥ あゲヘ∠ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ び (136. Say (O Muslims): "We believe in Allah and t hat which has been sent down t o us and t hat which has been sent down t o Ibrahim (Abraham), Isma` il (Ishmael), Ishaq (Isaac), Ya` qub (Jacob), and t o Al-Asbat (t he offspring of t he t welve sons of Ya` qub), and t hat which has been given t o Musa (Moses) and ` Isa (Jesus), and t hat which has been given t o t he Prophet s from t heir Lord. We make no dist inct ion bet ween any of t hem, and t o Him we have submit t ed (in Islam).'')

The Muslim believes in all that Allah ` revealed and all the Prophets Allah direct ed His believing servant s t o believe in what He sent down t o t hem t hrough His Messenger Muhammad and in what was revealed t o t he previous Prophet s in general. Some Prophet s Allah ment ioned by name, while He did not ment ion t he names of many ot hers. Allah direct ed t he believers t o refrain from different iat ing bet ween t he Prophet s and t o believe in t hem all. They should avoid imit at ing whomever Allah described as,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲあ ヘ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠Α ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムル∠ ヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ びゅ⇔ボ∂ ェ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ (And wish t o make dist inct ion bet ween Allah and His Messengers (by believing in Allah and disbelieving in His Messengers) saying, "We believe in some but rej ect ot hers,'' and wish t o adopt a way in bet ween. They are in t rut h disbelievers) (4:150-151).

Al-Bukhari narrat ed t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "The People of t he Book used t o read t he Torah in Hebrew and t ranslat e it int o Arabic for t he Muslims. The Messenger of Allah said,

:やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ やヲ⊥ホあギダ ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» «ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メゴ∇ルぺ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ へ (Do not believe t he People of t he Book, nor rej ect what t hey say. Rat her, say, ` We believe in Allah and in what was sent down t o us.)'' Also, Muslim, Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Most ly, t he Messenger of Allah used t o recit e,

びゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ぴ (We believe in Allah and t hat which has been sent down t o us) (2: 136), and,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅｚルほ∠よ͡ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ぴ (We believe in Allah, and bear wit ness t hat we are Muslims (i.e. we submit t o Allah)) (3:52) during t he t wo (volunt ary) Rak` at before Faj r.'' Abu Al-` Aliyah, Ar-Rabi` and Qat adah said, "Al-Asbat are t he t welve sons of Jacob, and each one of t hem had an Ummah of people from his descendant s. This is why t hey were called AlAsbat .'' Al-Khalil bin Ahmad and ot hers said, "Al-Asbat among t he Children of Israel are j ust like t he t ribes among t he Children of Isma` il.'' This means t hat t he Asbat are t he various t ribes of t he Children of Israel, among whom Allah sent several Prophet s. Moses said t o t he Children of Israel,

￢∠ べ∠Βら͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クやぴ びゅ⇔ミヲ⊥ヤョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ (Remember t he favor of Allah t o you: when He made Prophet s among you, made you kings) (5:20). Also, Allah said,

びゅデ ⇔ ゅ∠ら∇シぺ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼハ ∠ ∇ヴわ∠ レ∠ ∇をや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バト ｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We divided t hem int o t welve t ribes) (7:160). Al-Qurt ubi said, "Sibt is t he group of people or a t ribe all belonging t o t he same ancest ors.''

Qat adah said, "Allah commanded t he believers t o believe in Him and in all His Books and Messengers. '' Also, Sulayman bin Habib said, "We were commanded t o believe in t he (original) Torah and Inj il, but not t o implement t hem.''

∇ラま͡ヱｚ ∇やヱ∠ギわ∠ ∇ワや ギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ョや∠￢ べ∠ョ モ ͡ ∇んヨ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ぴ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ム∠ Β͡ヘ∇ムΒ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ベ ∃ ゅ∠ボセ ͡ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ピ∠ ∇らタ ͡ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや びラ ∠ ヱギ͡ら⇒∠ハ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ピ∠ ∇らタ ͡ (137. So if t hey believe in t he like of t hat which you believe t hen t hey are right ly guided; but if t hey t urn away, t hen t hey are only in opposit ion. So Allah will suffice for you against t hem. And He is t he Hearer, t he Knower.) (138. Our Sibghah (religion) is t he Sibghah of Allah (Islam) and which Sibghah can be bet t er t han Allah's And we are His worshippers.) Allah said, if t hey, t he disbelievers among t he People of t he Book and ot her disbelievers, believe in all of Allah's Books and Messengers and do not different iat e bet ween any of t hem,

び∇やヱ∠ギわ∠ ∇ワや ギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t hen t hey are right ly guided) meaning, t hey would acquire t he t rut h and be direct ed t o it .

び∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (but if t hey t urn away) from t rut h t o falsehood aft er proof had been present ed t o t hem,

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ム∠ Β͡ヘ∇ムΒ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ベ ∃ ゅ∠ボセ ͡ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プぴ (t hen t hey are only in opposit ion. So Allah will suffice you against t hem) meaning, Allah will aid t he believers against t hem,

びユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He is t he Hearer, t he Knower). Allah said,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ピ∠ ∇らタ ͡ ぴ

(The Sibghah of Allah). Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "The religion of Allah.'' This Tafsir was also report ed of Muj ahid, Abu Al-` Aliyah, ` Ikrimah, Ibrahim, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, ` Abdullah bin Kat hir, ` At iyah Al-` Awfi, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, As-Suddi and ot her scholars. The Ayah,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや り∠ ゲ∠ ∇トプ͡ ぴ (Allah's Fit rah (i.e. Allah's Islamic Monot heism)) (30:30) direct s Muslims t o, "Hold t o it .''

べ∠レャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レル∠ ヲぁィべ∠エゎ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ∇ュぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ダヤ͡∇ガョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒⇒∠エ∇シま͡ヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ￢∠ ∇モホ⊥ ン∠ケゅ∠ダル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔キヲ⊥ワ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ヅ ∠ ゅ∠ら∇シΕ ∠ や∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ り⇔ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰセ ∠ ユ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ュ͡ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅｚヨハ ∠ モ ∃ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ピよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ユ⊥わ∇らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅョｚ ユ⊥ムャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α (139. Say (O Muhammad t o t he Jews and Christ ians), "Disput e you wit h us about Allah while He is our Lord and your Lord And we are t o be rewarded for our deeds and you for your deeds. And we are sincere t o Him (i.e. we worship Him alone and none else, and we obey His orders).'') (140. Or say you t hat Ibrahim, Isma` il, Ishaq, Ya` qub and Al-Asbat , were Jews or Christ ians Say, "Do you know bet t er or does Allah And who is more unj ust t han he who conceals t he t est imony he has from Allah And Allah is not unaware of what you do.'') (141. That was a nat ion who has passed away. They shall receive t he reward of what t hey earned, and you of what you earn. And you will not be asked of what t hey used t o do.) Allah direct ed His Prophet t o pre-empt t he argument s wit h t he idolat ors:

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レル∠ ヲぁィべ∠エゎ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say (O Muhammad t o t he Jews and Christ ians), "Disput e you wit h us about Allah) meaning, "Do you disput e wit h us regarding t he Oneness of Allah, obedience and submission t o Him and in avoiding His prohibit ions,

び∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (while He is our Lord and your Lord) meaning, He has full cont rol over us and you, and deserves t he worship alone wit hout part ners.

び∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ べ∠レャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And we are t o be rewarded for our deeds and you for your deeds.) meaning, we disown you and what you worship, j ust as you disown us. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∠ヨ∠ハ ヴあャ モ⊥ボプ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ べｚヨョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゃΑ͡ゲよ∠ (And if t hey belie you, say: "For me are my deeds and for you are your deeds! You are innocent of what I do, and I am innocent of what you do!'') (10:41), and,

リ ͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ポ ∠ ヲぁィべ∠ェ ∇ラみ∠プぴ びリ ͡ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や (So if t hey disput e wit h you (Muhammad ) say: "I have submit t ed myself t o Allah (in Islam), and (so have) t hose who follow me'') (3:20). Allah said about Ibrahim,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ͡プ ヴあルヲぁィゅ∠エゎ⊥ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚィべ∠ェヱ∠ ぴ (His people disput ed wit h him. He said: "Do you disput e wit h me concerning Allah'') (6:80), and,

びヮ͡ よあ ケ͡ ヴ͡プ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ァ ｚ べ∠ェ ン͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Have you not looked at him who disput ed wit h Ibrahim about his Lord (Allah)) (2:258). He said in t his honorable Ayah,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ダヤ͡∇ガョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ べ∠レャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And we are t o be rewarded for our deeds and you for your deeds. And we are sincere t o Him.) meaning, "We disown you j ust as you disown us,''

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ダヤ͡∇ガョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And we are sincere t o Him), in worship and submission. Allah t hen crit icized t hem in t he claim t hat Ibrahim, t he Prophet s who came aft er him and t he Asbat were following t heir religion, whet her Judaism or Christ ianit y. Allah said,

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ュ͡ ぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ￢∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say, "Do you know bet t er or does Allah'') meaning, Allah has t he best knowledge and He st at ed t hat t hey were neit her Jews, nor Christ ians. Similarly, Allah said in t he Ayah,

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ͡ムャ∠ヱ∠ ゅΒ６ ル͡ や∠ゲ∇ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ６Α͡キヲ⊥ヰ∠Α ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ͡ヤ∇ジョぁ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ (Ibrahim was neit her a Jew nor a Christ ian, but he was a t rue Muslim Hanifa (t o worship none but Allah alone) and he was not of Al-Mushrikin) (3:67) and t he following Ayat . Allah also said,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ り⇔ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰセ ∠ ユ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ And who is more unj ust t han he who conceals t he t est imony he has from Alla0h )2:140(. AlH asan Al-Bas ri said, They used t o recit e t he Book of Alla0h He sent t o t hem t hat st at ed t hat t he t rue religion is Isla0m and t hat Muh ammad is t he Messenger of Alla0h. Their Book also st at ed t hat Ibra0h0m, Isma0 0l, Ish a0q, Ya qu0b and t he t ribes were neit her Jews, nor Christ ians. They t est ified t o t hese fact s, yet hid t hem from t he people. Alla0h s st at ement ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅｚヨハ ∠ モ ∃ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ピよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah is not unaware of what you do), is a t hreat and a warning t hat His knowledge encompasses every one's deeds, and He shall award each accordingly. Allah t hen said,

び∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ (That was a nat ion who has passed away.) meaning, exist ed before you,

びユ⊥わ∇らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ムャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ぴ

(They shall receive t he reward of what t hey earned, and you of what you earn.) meaning, t hey bear t heir deeds while you bear yours,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And you will not be asked of what t hey used t o do) meaning, t he fact t hat you are t heir relat ives will not suffice, unless you imit at e t heir good deeds. Furt her, do not be deceived by t he fact t hat you are t heir descendant s, unless you imit at e t hem in obeying Allah's orders and following His Messengers who were sent as warners and bearers of good news. Indeed, whoever disbelieves in even one Prophet , will have disbelieved in all t he Messengers, especially if one disbelieves in t he mast er and Final Messenger from Allah, t he Lord of t he worlds, t o all mankind and t he Jinns. May Allah's peace and blessings be on Muhammad and t he rest of Allah's Prophet s.

ユ⊥ ヰ͡ わ͡ ヤ∠∇らホ͡ リ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒ｚャヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ヰヘ∠ ジ ぁ ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ シ ∠ぴ ゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∂ モ⊥ホ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ヴ͡わャｚや マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャあ ゅ⇔トシ ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ る∠ ヤ∠∇らボ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ リｚヨョ͡ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ノ⊥ ら͡ わｚ Α∠ リ∠ョ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バレ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ヴ͡わャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ り⇔ ゲ∠ Β͡らム∠ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βら∠ ボ͡ ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ょ ⊥ ヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Α ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ノ∠ Β͡ツΒ⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ン∠ギ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ゲ∠ャ サ ͡ ゅｚレャゅ͡よ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや (142. The fools (idolat ors, hypocrit es, and Jews) among t he people will say: "What has t urned t hem (Muslims) from t heir Qiblah prayer direct ion (t owards Jerusalem) t o which t hey used t o face in prayer.'' Say (O Muhammad ): "To Allah belong bot h, east and t he west . He guides whom He wills t o t he st raight way.'') (143. Thus We have made you t rue Muslims real believers of Islamic Monot heism, t rue followers of Prophet Muhammad and his Sunnah (legal ways) , a Wasat (j ust and t he best ) nat ion, t hat you be wit nesses over mankind and t he Messenger (Muhammad ) be a wit ness over you. And We made t he Qiblah which you used t o face, only t o t est t hose who followed t he Messenger (Muhammad ) from t hose who would t urn on t heir heels (i.e., disobey t he Messenger). Indeed it was great (heavy, difficult ) except for t hose whom Allah guided. And Allah would never make your fait h (prayers) t o be lost (i.e., your prayers

offered t owards Jerusalem). Truly, Allah is full of kindness, t he Most Merciful t owards mankind.)

Changing the Qiblah

Direction of the Prayer

Imam Al-Bukhari report ed t hat Al-Bara' bin ` Azib narrat ed: "Allah's Messenger offered his prayers facing Bayt Al-Maqdis (Jerusalem) for sixt een or sevent een mont hs, but he wished t hat he could pray facing t he Ka` bah (at Makkah). The first prayer which he offered (facing t he Ka` bah) was t he ` Asr (Aft ernoon) prayer in t he company of some people. Then one of t hose who had offered t hat prayer wit h him, went out and passed by some people in a mosque who were in t he bowing posit ion (in Ruku` ) during t heir prayers (facing Jerusalem). He addressed t hem saying, ` By Allah, I bear wit ness t hat I have offered prayer wit h t he Prophet facing Makkah (Ka` bah).' Hearing t hat , t hose people immediat ely changed t heir direct ion t owards t he House (Ka` bah) while st ill as t hey were (i.e., in t he same bowing posit ion). Some Muslims who offered prayer t owards t he previous Qiblah (Jerusalem) before it was changed t owards t he House (t he Ka` bah in Makkah) had died or had been mart yred, and we did not know what t o say about t hem (regarding t heir prayers t owards Jerusalem). Allah t hen revealed:

サ ͡ ゅｚレャゅ͡よ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ノ∠ Β͡ツΒ⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ゲ∠ャ (And Allah would never make your fait h (prayers) t o be lost (i.e., t he prayers of t hose Muslims were valid)) (2:143).'' Al-Bukhari collect ed t his narrat ion, while Muslim collect ed it using anot her chain of narrat ors. Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed t hat Al-Bara' narrat ed: Allah's Messenger used t o offer prayers t owards Bayt Al-Maqdis (in Jerusalem), but would keep looking at t he sky await ing Allah's command (t o change t he Qiblah). Then Allah revealed:

る⇔ ヤ∠∇らホ͡ マ ∠ レｚ Β∠ ャあヲ∠ レ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ マ ∠ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ょ ∠ ヤぁボ∠ ゎ∠ ン∠ゲル∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ びュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇トセ ∠ マ ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ メ あ ヲ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ッ∇ゲゎ∠ (Verily, We have seen t he t urning of your (Muhammad's) face t owards t he heaven. Surely, We shall t urn you t o a Qiblah (prayer direct ion) t hat shall please you, so t urn your face in t he direct ion of Al-Masj id Al-Haram (at Makkah).) (2:144) A man from among t he Muslims t hen said, "We wish we could know about t hose among us who died before t he Qiblah was changed (i.e., t owards Makkah) and also about our own prayers, t hat we had performed t owards Bayt Al-Maqdis.'' Allah t hen revealed:

び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ノ∠ Β͡ツΒ⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(And Allah would never make your fait h (prayers) t o be lost .) (2:143) The fools among t he people, meaning t he People of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians), said, "What made t hem change t he former Qiblah t hat t hey used t o face'' Allah t hen revealed:

びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ヰヘ∠ ジ ぁ ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ シ ∠ぴ (The fools (idolat ors, hypocrit es, and Jews) among t he people will say...) unt il t he end of t he Ayah. ` Ali bin Abu Talhah relat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: When Allah's Messenger migrat ed t o AlMadinah, Allah commanded him t o face Bayt Al-Maqdis (Jerusalem). The Jews were delight ed t hen. Allah's Messenger faced Jerusalem for over t en mont hs. However, he liked (t o offer prayer in t he direct ion of) Prophet Ibrahim's Qiblah (t he Ka` bah in Makkah) and used t o supplicat e t o Allah and kept looking up t o t he sky (await ing Allah's command in t his regard). Allah t hen revealed:

びロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇トセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇やヲぁャヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t urn your faces (in prayer) in t hat direct ion.) meaning, it s direct ion. The Jews did not like t his change and said, "What made t hem change t he Qiblah t hat t hey used t o face (meaning Jerusalem)'' Allah revealed:

ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∂ モ⊥ホぴ びユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ (Say (O Muhammad ): "To Allah belong bot h, east and t he west . He guides whom He wills t o t he st raight way.'') There are several ot her Ahadit h on t his subj ect . In summary, Allah's Messenger was commanded t o face Bayt Al-Maqdis (during t he prayer) and he used t o offer prayer t owards it in Makkah bet ween t he t wo corners (of Ka` bah), so t hat t he Ka` bah would be bet ween him and Bayt AlMaqdis8. When t he Prophet migrat ed t o Al-Madinah, t his pract ice was no longer possible; t hen Allah commanded him t o offer prayer t owards Bayt Al-Maqdis, as Ibn Abbas and t he maj orit y of t he scholars have st at ed. Al-Bukhari report ed in his Sahih t hat t he news (of t he change of Qiblah) was conveyed t o some of t he Ansar while t hey were performing t he ` Asr (Aft ernoon) prayer t owards Bayt Al-Maqdis, upon hearing t hat , t hey immediat ely changed t heir direct ion and faced t he Ka` bah. It is report ed in t he Sahihayn (Al-Bukhari Muslim) t hat Ibn ` Umar narrat ed: While t he people were in Quba' (Mosque) performing t he Faj r (Dawn) prayer, a man came and said, "A (part of t he) Qur'an was revealed t onight t o Allah's Messenger and he was commanded t o face t he

Ka` bah. Therefore, face t he Ka` bah. They were facing Ash-Sham, so t hey t urned t owards t he Ka` bah. These Hadit hs prove t hat t he Nasikh (a Text t hat abrogat es a previous Text ) only applies aft er one acquires knowledge of it , even if t he Nasikh had already been revealed and announced. This is why t he Companions ment ioned above were not commanded t o repeat t he previous ` Asr, Maghrib and ` Isha' prayers (alt hough t hey had prayed t hem t owards Jerusalem aft er Allah had changed t he Qiblah). Allah knows best . When t he change of Qiblah (t o Ka` bah in Makkah) occurred, t hose inflict ed wit h hypocrisy and mist rust , and t he disbelieving Jews, bot h were led ast ray from t he right guidance and fell int o confusion. They said:

びゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ヴ͡わャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ わ͡ ヤ∠∇らホ͡ リ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒ｚャヱ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (What has t urned t hem (Muslims) from t heir Qiblah t o which t hey used t o face in prayer.) They asked, "What is t he mat t er wit h t hese people (Muslims) who one t ime face t his direct ion (Jerusalem), and t hen face t hat direct ion (Makkah)'' Allah answered t heir quest ions when He st at ed:

びゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∂ モ⊥ホぴ (Say (O Muhammad ): "To Allah belong bot h, east and t he west .) meaning, t he command, t he decision and t he aut horit y are for Allah Alone. Hence:

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヮ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ ユｚ ん∠ プ∠ ∇やヲぁャヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∠レ∇Α∠ほ∠プぴ (...so wherever you t urn (yourselves or your faces) t here is t he Face of Allah (and He is High above, over His Throne).) (2:115), and:

ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ら∠ ホ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇やヲぁャヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ゲｚ ら͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ ゲｚ ら͡ ∇ャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゆ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ( It is not Al-Birr (piet y, right eousness) t hat you t urn your faces t owards east and (or) west (in prayers); but Al-Birr is t he one who believes in Allah.) (2:177) This st at ement means, t he best act is t o adhere t o Allah's commands. Hence, wherever He commands us t o face, we should face. Also, since obedience requires implement ing Allah's commands, if He commands us every day t o face different places, we are His servant s and under His disposal, and we face what ever He orders us t o face. Cert ainly, Allah's care and kindness t owards His servant and Messenger, Muhammad , and cert ainly, his Ummah (Muslim nat ion) is profoundly great . Allah has guided

t hem t o t he Qiblah of (Prophet ) Ibrahim -- Allah's Khalil (int imat e friend). He has commanded t hem t o face t he Ka` bah, t he most honorable house (of worship) on t he face of t he eart h, which was built by Ibrahim Al-Khalil in t he Name of Allah, t he One wit hout a part ner. This is why Allah said aft erwards:

ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∂ モ⊥ホぴ びユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ (Say (O Muhammad ): "To Allah belong bot h, east and t he west . He guides whom He wills t o t he st raight way.'') Imam Ahmad report ed t hat ` A'ishah (t he Prophet 's wife) said t hat Allah's Messenger said about t he People of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians):

ゅレ∠ルヱギ͡ジ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ￢∇ヶセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ルヱギ͡ジ∇エ∠Α Ι ユ⊥ヰルｚ ま» ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ やヲ⊥ヤッ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ルや∠ギワ∠ ヶ͡わャｚや る͡ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ やヲぁヤッ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ルや∠ギワ∠ ヶ͡わャｚや る͡ ヤ∠∇らボ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ «リΒ͡ョへ :ュ͡ ゅ∠ョΗ ͡ やブ ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠レャ͡∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ (They do not envy us for a mat t er more t han t hey envy us for Jumu` ah (Friday) t o which Allah has guided us and from which t hey were led ast ray; for t he (t rue) Qiblah t o which Allah has direct ed us and from which t hey were led ast ray; and for our saying ` Amin' behind t he Imam (leader of t he prayer).)

The Virtues of Muhammad's Nation Allah said:

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャあ ゅ⇔トシ ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びや⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや (Thus We have made you t rue Muslims , a Wasat (j ust ) (and t he best ) nat ion, t hat you be wit nesses over mankind and t he Messenger (Muhammad ) be a wit ness over you.) Allah st at ed t hat He has changed our Qiblah t o t he Qiblah of Ibrahim and chose it for us so t hat He makes us t he best nat ion ever. Hence, we will be t he wit nesses over t he nat ions on t he Day of Resurrect ion, for all of t hem will t hen agree concerning our virt ue. The word Wasat in t he

Ayah means t he best and t he most honored. Therefore, saying t hat (t he Prophet 's t ribe) Quraysh is in t he Wasat regarding Arab t ribes and t heir areas, means t he best . Similarly, saying t hat Allah's Messenger was in t he Wasat of his people, means he was from t he best subt ribe. Also, ` Asr, t he prayer t hat is described as ` Wust a' (a variat ion of t he word Wasat ), means t he best prayer, as t he aut hent ic collect ions of Ahadit h report ed. Since Allah made t his Ummah (Muslim nat ion) t he Wasat , He has endowed her wit h t he most complet e legislat ion, t he best Manhaj (way, met hod, et c.,) and t he clearest Madhhab (met hodology, mannerism, et c). Allah said:

∇リョ͡ リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠らわ∠ ∇ィや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ⇒ｚヨシ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡よぺ∠ る∠ ヤｚョあ ァ ∃ ゲ∠ ェ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ (He has chosen you (t o convey His Message of Islamic Monot heism t o mankind), and has not laid upon you in religion any hardship: it is t he religion of your fat her Ibrahim. It is He (Allah) Who has named you Muslims bot h before and in t his (t he Qur'an), t hat t he Messenger (Muhammad ) may be a wit ness over you and you be wit nesses over mankind!) (22:78) Moreover, Imam Ahmad report ed t hat Abu Sa` id narrat ed: Allah's Messenger said:

∨∠ろ∇ピヤｚよ∠ ∇モワ∠ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩るョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀ゥヲ⊥ル ヴ∠ハ∇ギΑ⊥ » ∇ユム⊥ ピ∠ ヤｚよ∠ ∇モワ∠ :∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ハ∇ギΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∃ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ルゅ∠ゎぺ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ∃ Α͡グル∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ルゅ∠ゎぺ ゅ∠ョ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮわ⊥ ョｚ ぺ⊥∠ヱ ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨∠マ∠ャ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ :ゥヲ⊥レャ͡ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ :ヮ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠プ メゅホ びゅ⇔トシ ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ゼわ∠ プ∠ ラヲ∠ハ∇ギわ⊥ プ∠ ∩⊥メ∇ギバ∠ ∇ャや テ ⊥シ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ャやヱ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ «ユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇セぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ パ ͡ ゅ∠ヤら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (Nuh will be called on t he Day of Resurrect ion and will be asked, ` Have you conveyed (t he Message)' He will say, ` Yes.' His people will be summoned and asked, ` Has Nuh conveyed (t he Message) t o you' They will say, ` No warner came t o us and no one (Prophet ) was sent t o us.' Nuh will be asked, ` Who t est ifies for you' He will say, ` Muhammad and his Ummah.') This is why Allah said:

びゅ⇔トシ ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Thus We have made you a Wasat nat ion.) The Prophet said; (The Wasat means t he ` Adl (j ust ). You will be summoned t o t est ify t hat Nuh has conveyed (his Message), and I will at t est t o your t est imony.) It was also recorded by Al-Bukhari, At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah. Imam Ahmad also report ed t hat Abu Sa` id Khudri narrat ed: Allah's Messenger said:

ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヤィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ￢⊥ ヶ͡イΑ∠ » ∨や∠グワ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ピ∠ ヤｚよ∠ ∇モワ∠ :メ ⊥ ゅボ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮョ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ハ∇ギΒ⊥ プ ∩∠マャ͡ク ∇リョ͡ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨∠マョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ピヤｚよ∠ ∇モワ∠ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅボ⊥Βプ∠ ゅ∠ャ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮわ⊥ ョｚ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨∠マ∠ャ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ :メ ⊥ ゅボ⊥Βプ∠ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ や∠グワ ヒ∠ ヤｚよ∠ ∇モワ∠ :∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮわ⊥ ョｚ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ ヴ∠ハ∇ギΒ⊥ プ∠ ∨∇ユム⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨⊥ヮョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ユ∂ヤシヱ ヮΒヤハ ぶや ヴヤタゅ∠レΒぁ ら͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ ゅ∠ィ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ マ͡ャグ∠プ ∩やヲ⊥ピヤｚよ∠ ∇ギホ∠ モ ∠シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ∠ ら∠ ∇カほプ :モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠

びゅ⇔トシ ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ :

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャあ ゅ⇔トシ ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びや⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや (The Prophet would come on t he Day of Resurrect ion wit h t wo or more people (his only following!), and his people would also be summoned and asked, ` Has he (t heir Prophet ) conveyed (t he Message) t o you' They would say, ` No.' He would be asked, ` Have you conveyed (t he Message) t o your people' He would say, ` Yes.' He would be asked, ` Who t est ifies for you' He would say, ` Muhammad and his Ummah.' Muhammad and his Ummah would t hen be summoned and asked, ` Has he conveyed (t he Message) t o his people' They would say, ` Yes.' They would be asked, ` Who t old you t hat ' They would say, ` Our Prophet (Muhammad) came t o us and t old us t hat t he Messengers have conveyed (t heir Messages). ') Hence Allah's st at ement :

びゅ⇔トシ ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Thus We have made you a Wasat nat ion.) He said, "(meaning) t he ` Adl,' (he t hen cont inued recit ing t he Ayah):

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャあ ゅ⇔トシ ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びや⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや (Thus We have made you, a j ust (and t he best ) nat ion, t hat you be wit nesses over mankind and t he Messenger (Muhammad ) be a wit ness over you.)'' Furt hermore, Imam Ahmad report ed t hat Abul-Aswad narrat ed: I came t o Al-Madinah and found t hat an epidemic had broken out t hat caused many fat alit ies. I sat next t o ` Umar bin AlKhat t ab once when a funeral procession st art ed and t he people praised t he dead person. ` Umar said, "Waj abat (it will be recorded as such), Waj abat !'' Then anot her funeral was brought fort h and t he people crit icized t he dead person. Again, ` Umar said, "Waj abat .'' AbulAswad asked, "What is Waj abat , O Leader of t he fait hful'' He said, "I said j ust like Allah's Messenger had said:

ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ゲ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ る∀ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ ユ∃ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅ∠ヨΑぁ ぺ∠» «る⇒⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ ェ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ャほ∠∇ジル∠ ∇ユャ∠ ｚユを⊥ .

«る⇒⇒⇒⇒∠をゅ∠ヤを∠ ヱ∠ »

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ :ラ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇をや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ .

«ラゅ∠レ∇をや∠ヱ»

ギ͡ ェ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ャほ∠∇ジル∠ ∇ユャ∠ ユｚ を⊥ .

(Any Muslim for whom four t est ify t hat he was right eous, t hen Allah will ent er him int o Paradise.' We said, ` What about t hree' He said, ` And t hree.' We said, ` And t wo' He said, ` And t wo.' We did not ask him about (t he t est imony) of one (believing) person.)'' This was also recorded by Al-Bukhari, At -Tirmidhi, and An-Nasa'i.

The Wisdom behind changing the Qiblah Allah t hen said:

リ∠ョ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バレ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ヴ͡わャｚや る∠ ヤ∠∇らボ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βら∠ ボ͡ ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ょ ⊥ ヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Α リｚヨョ͡ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ノ⊥ ら͡ わｚ Α∠ びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ン∠ギ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ り⇔ ゲ∠ Β͡らム∠ ャ∠ (And We made t he Qiblah (prayer direct ion t owards Jerusalem) which you used t o face, only t o t est t hose who followed t he Messenger (Muhammad ) from t hose who would t urn on t heir heels (i.e., disobey t he Messenger). Indeed it was great (heavy, difficult ) except for t hose whom Allah guided.)

Allah st at es t hus: We have legislat ed for you, O Muhammad, facing Bayt Al-Maqdis at first and t hen changed it t o t he Ka` bah so as t o find who will follow and obey you and t hus face what ever you face.

びヮ͡ ∇Βら∠ ボ͡ ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ょ ⊥ ヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Α リｚヨョ͡ ぴ (...from t hose who would t urn on t heir heels.) meaning, revert s from his religion. Allah t hen said:

びり⇔ ゲ∠ Β͡らム∠ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (Indeed it was great (heavy, difficult )) The Ayah indicat es t hat changing t he Qiblah from Bayt Al-Maqdis t o t he Ka` bah is heavy on t he heart , except for whomever Allah has right ly guided t heir heart s, who believe in t he t rut h of t he Messenger wit h cert aint y and t hat what ever he was sent wit h is t he t rut h wit hout doubt . It is t hey who believe t hat Allah does what He wills, decides what He wills, commands His servant s wit h what He wills, abrogat es any of His commands t hat He wills, and t hat He has t he perfect wisdom and t he unequivocal proof in all t his. (The at t it ude of t he believers in t his respect is) unlike t hose who have a disease in t heir heart s, t o whom whenever a mat t er occurs, it causes doubt s, j ust as t his same mat t er adds fait h and cert aint y t o t he believers. Similarly, Allah said:

∇ユム⊥ Αぁ ぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲボ⊥ Α∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ∀り∠ケヲ⊥シ ∇ろャ∠ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ や∠ゴプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ヮ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ や∠コ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま び∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ィケ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ィケ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ や∠ゴプ∠ ∀チ∠ゲョｚ (And whenever t here comes down a Surah (chapt er from t he Qur'an), some of t hem (hypocrit es) say: "Which of you has had his fait h increased by it '' As for t hose who believe, it has increased t heir fait h, and t hey rej oice. But as for t hose in whose heart s is a disease (of doubt , disbelief and hypocrisy), it will add doubt and disbelief t o t heir doubt and disbelief; and t hey die while t hey are disbelievers.) (9:124, 125) and:

る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケゅ∠ジカ ∠ Ι ｚ ま∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ

(And We send down of t he Qur'an t hat which is a healing and a mercy t o t hose who believe, and it increases t he wrongdoers in not hing but loss.) (17:82) Cert ainly, t hose who remained fait hful t o t he Messenger , obeyed him and faced what ever Allah commanded t hem, wit hout doubt or hesit at ion, were t he leaders of t he Companions. Some scholars st at ed t hat t he Early Migrant s (who migrat ed wit h t he Prophet from Makkah t o Al-Madinah) and Ansar (t he resident s of Al-Madinah who gave aid and refuge t o bot h t he Prophet and t he Migrant s) were t hose who offered prayers t owards t he t wo Qiblah (Bayt AlMaqdis and t hen t he Ka` bah). Al-Bukhari report ed in t he explanat ion of t he Ayah (2:143) t hat Ibn ` Umar narrat ed: While t he people were performing t he Faj r (Dawn) prayer in t he Quba' Mosque, a man came and said, "Qur'an was revealed t o t he Prophet and he was ordered t o face t he Ka` bah. Therefore, face t he Ka` bah.'' They t hen faced t he Ka` bah. Muslim also recorded it . At -Tirmidhi added t hat t hey were performing Ruku` (bowing down in prayer), and t hen changed t he direct ion (of t he Qiblah) t o t he Ka` bah while st ill bowing down. Muslim report ed t his last narrat ion from Anas. These Hadit hs all indicat e t he perfect obedience t he Companions had for Allah and His Messenger and t heir compliance wit h Allah's commandment s, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem all. Allah said:

び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ノ∠ Β͡ツΒ⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah would never make your fait h (prayers) t o be lost .) meaning, t he reward of your prayers t owards Bayt Al-Maqdis before would not be lost wit h Allah. It is report ed in Sahih t hat Abu Ishaq As-Sabi` y relat ed t hat Bara' narrat ed: "The people asked about t he mat t er of t hose who offered prayers t owards Bayt Al-Maqdis and died (before t he Qiblah was changed t o Ka` bah). Allah revealed:

び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ノ∠ Β͡ツΒ⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah would never make your fait h (prayers) t o be lost .)'' It was also recorded by At -Tirmidhi from Ibn ` Abbas, and At -Tirmidhi graded it Sahih. Ibn Ishaq report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas narrat ed:

び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ノ∠ Β͡ツΒ⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah would never make your fait h t o be lost .) ent ails: Your (prayer t owards) t he first Qiblah and your believing your Prophet and obeying him by facing t he second Qiblah; He will grant you t he rewards for all t hese act s. Indeed,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ゲ∠ャ サ ͡ ゅｚレャゅ͡よ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ

(Truly, Allah is full of kindness, t he Most Merciful t owards mankind.)'' Furt hermore, it is report ed in t he Sahih t hat Allah's Messenger saw a woman among t he capt ives who was separat ed from her child. Whenever she found a boy (infant ) among t he capt ives, she would hold him close t o her chest , as she was looking for her boy. When she found her child, she embraced him and gave him her breast t o nurse. Allah's Messenger said:

ケ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ボゎ∠ ヶ͡ワヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ワギ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ る⇔ ェ ∠ ケ͡ ゅデ ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ⊥ ぺ∠ » «ヮ∠ェ∠ゲ∇ト∠ゎ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ :

.

:

«ゅ∠ワギ͡ ャ∠ヲ∠ よ͡ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ ∇リョ͡ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ ぶ ͡ や∠ヲプ∠ » (Do you t hink t hat t his woman would willingly t hrow her son in t he fire) They said, "No, O Messenger of Allah!'' He said, (By Allah! Allah is more merciful wit h His servant s t han t his woman wit h her son.)

る⇔ ヤ∠∇らホ͡ マ ∠ レｚ Β∠ ャあヲ∠ レ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ マ ∠ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ょ ∠ ヤぁボ∠ ゎ∠ ン∠ゲル∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇トセ ∠ マ ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ メ あ ヲ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ッ∇ゲゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇トセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇やヲぁャヲ∠ プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Β∠ャ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅｚヨハ ∠ モ ∃ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ピよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (144. Verily, We have seen t he t urning of your (Muhammad's) face t owards t he heaven. Surely, We shall t urn you t o a Qiblah (prayer direct ion) t hat shall please you, so t urn your face in t he direct ion of Al-Masj id Al-Haram (at Makkah). And wheresoever you people are, t urn your faces (in prayer) in t hat direct ion. Cert ainly, t he people who were given t he Script ure (i.e., Jews and Christ ians) know well t hat , t hat (your t urning t owards t he direct ion of t he Ka` bah at Makkah in prayers) is t he t rut h from t heir Lord. And Allah is not unaware of what t hey do).

The First Abrogation in the Qur'an was about the Qiblah Ali bin Abu Talhah relat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas narrat ed: The first abrogat ed part in t he Qur'an was about t he Qiblah. When Allah's Messenger migrat ed t o Al-Madinah, t he maj orit y of it s people were Jews, and Allah commanded him t o face Bayt Al-Maqdis. The Jews were delight ed t hen. Allah's Messenger faced it for t en and some mont hs, but he liked t o face t he Qiblah of Ibrahim

(Ka` bah in Makkah). He used t o supplicat e t o Allah and look up t o t he sky (await ing Allah's command). Allah t hen revealed:

び͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ マ ∠ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ょ ∠ ヤぁボ∠ ゎ∠ ン∠ゲル∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Verily, We have seen t he t urning of your (Muhammad's) face t owards t he heaven), unt il,

びロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇トセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇やヲぁャヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t urn your faces (in prayer) in t hat direct ion.) The Jews did not like t his ruling and said:

ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∂ モ⊥ホ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ヴ͡わャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ わ͡ ヤ∠∇らホ͡ リ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒ｚャヱ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ びゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ("What has t urned t hem (Muslims) from t heir Qiblah (prayer direct ion) t o which t hey used t o face in prayer.'' Say (O Muhammad), "To Allah belong bot h, east and t he west .'') (2:142) Allah said:

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヮ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ ユｚ ん∠ プ∠ ∇やヲぁャヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∠レ∇Α∠ほ∠プぴ (. ..so wherever you t urn (yourselves or your faces) t here is t he Face of Allah) (2:115), and:

リ∠ョ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バレ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ヴ͡わャｚや る∠ ヤ∠∇らボ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ∇Βら∠ ボ͡ ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ょ ⊥ ヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Α リｚヨョ͡ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ノ⊥ ら͡ わｚ Α∠ (And We made t he Qiblah (prayer direct ion t owards Jerusalem) which you used t o face, only t o t est t hose who followed t he Messenger (Muhammad ) from t hose who would t urn on t heir heels (i.e., disobey t he Messenger).) (2:143)

Is the Qiblah the Ka` bah itself or its General Direction

Al-Hakim relat ed t hat ` Ali bin Abu Talib said:

びュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇トセ ∠ マ ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ メ あ ヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (...so t urn your face in t he direct ion of Al-Masj id Al-Haram (at Makkah).) means it s direct ion.'' Al-Hakim t hen comment ed t hat t he chain of t his narrat ion is aut hent ic and t hat t hey (i.e., AlBukhari and Muslim) did not include it in t heir collect ions. This ruling concerning t he Qiblah is also t he opinion of Abu Al-` Aliyah, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Qat adah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and ot hers. Allah's St at ement :

びロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇トセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇やヲぁャヲ∠ プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And wheresoever you people are, t urn your faces (in prayer) in t hat direct ion) is a command from Allah t o face t he Ka` bah from wherever one is on t he eart h: t he east , west , nort h or sout h. The except ion is of t he volunt ary prayer (Nafl) while one is t raveling, for one is allowed t o offer it in any direct ion his body is facing, while his heart is int ending t he Ka` bah. Also, when t he bat t le is raging, one is allowed t o offer prayer, however he is able. Also, included are t hose who are not sure of t he direct ion and offer prayer in t he wrong direct ion, t hinking t hat it is t he direct ion of t he Qiblah, because Allah does not burden a soul beyond what it can bear.

The Jews had Knowledge that the (Muslim) Qiblah would later be changed Allah st at ed t hat :

リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ (Cert ainly, t he people who were given t he Script ure (i.e., Jews and t he Christ ians) know well t hat , t hat (your t urning t owards t he direct ion of t he Ka` bah at Makkah in prayers) is t he t rut h from t heir Lord.) This Ayah means: The Jews, who did not like t hat you change your Qiblah from Bayt Al-Maqdis, already knew t hat Allah will command you (O Muhammad) t o face t he Ka` bah. The Jews read in t heir Books t heir Prophet s' descript ion of Allah's Messenger and his Ummah, and t hat Allah has endowed and honored him wit h t he complet e and honorable legislat ion. Yet , t he People of t he Book deny t hese fact s because of t heir envy, disbelief and rebellion. This is why Allah t hreat ened t hem when He said:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅｚヨハ ∠ モ ∃ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ピよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah is not unaware of what t hey do.)

ゅｚョ る∃ Α∠ や∠￢ あモム⊥ よ͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ろ ∠ ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ユ⊥ヰツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ヤ∠∇らホ͡ ノ∃ よ͡ ゅ∠わよ͡ ろ ∠ ルぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ わ∠ ヤ∠∇らホ͡ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ る∠ ヤ∠∇らホ͡ ノ∃ よ͡ ゅ∠わよ͡ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャｚ や∠クま͡ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ (145. And even if you were t o bring t o t he People of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) all t he Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelat ions, et c.), t hey would not follow your Qiblah (prayer direct ion), nor are you going t o follow t heir Qiblah. And t hey will not follow each ot her's Qiblah. Verily, if you follow t heir desires aft er t hat which you have received of knowledge (from Allah), t hen indeed you will be one of t he wrongdoers.)

The Stubbornness and Disbelief of the Jews Allah describes t he Jews' disbelief, st ubbornness and defiance of what t hey know of t he t rut h of Allah's Messenger , t hat if t he Prophet brought forward every proof t o t he t rut h of what he was sent wit h, t hey will never obey him or abandon following t heir desires. In anot her inst ance, Allah said:

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ユ∠ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る∃ Α∠ や￢ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ (Truly, t hose, against whom t he Word (wrat h) of your Lord has been j ust ified, will not believe. Even if every sign should come t o t hem, unt il t hey see t he painful t orment .) (10:96, 97) This is why Allah said here:

ゅｚョ る∃ Α∠ や∠￢ あモム⊥ よ͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ろ ∠ ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びマ ∠ わ∠ ヤ∠∇らホ͡ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎ∠

(And even if you were t o bring t o t he People of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) all t he Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelat ions, et c.), t hey would not follow your Qiblah (prayer direct ion)). Allah's st at ement :

び∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ヤ∠∇らホ͡ ノ∃ よ͡ ゅ∠わよ͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (...nor are you going t o follow t heir Qiblah ), indicat es t he vigor wit h which Allah's Messenger implement s what Allah commanded him. Allah's st at ement also indicat es t hat as much as t he Jews adhere t o t heir opinions and desires, t he Prophet adheres by Allah's commands, obeying Him and following what pleases Him, and t hat he would never adhere t o t heir desires in any case. Hence, praying t owards Bayt Al-Maqdis was not because it was t he Qiblah of t he Jews, but because Allah had commanded it . Allah t hen warns t hose who knowingly defy t he t rut h, because t he proof against t hose who know is st ronger t han against ot her people. This is why Allah said t o His Messenger and his Ummah:

リ ∠ ョ͡ ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャｚ や∠クま͡ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや (Verily, if you follow t heir desires aft er t hat which you have received of knowledge (from Allah), t hen indeed you will be one of t he wrongdoers.)

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ へ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α びリ ∠ Α͡ゲわ∠ ∇ヨヨ⊥ ∇ャや (146. Those t o whom We gave t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) recognise him (Muhammad or t he Ka` bah at Makkah) as t hey recognize t heir sons. But verily, a part y of t hem conceal t he t rut h while t hey know it i.e., t he qualit ies of Muhammad which are writ t en in t he Tawrah and t he Inj il ). (147. This is) t he t rut h from your Lord. So be you not one of t hose who doubt ).

The Jews know that the Prophet is True, but they hide the Truth Allah st at es t hat t he scholars of t he People of t he Script ure know t he t rut h of what Allah's Messenger was sent wit h, j ust as one of t hem knows his own child, which is a parable t hat t he Arabs use t o describe what is very apparent . Similarly, in a Hadit h, Allah's Messenger said t o a man who had a youngst er wit h him:

«や∠グワ∠ マ ∠ レ⊥ ∇よや» : (Is t his your son) He said, "Yes, O Messenger of Allah! I t est ify t o t his fact .'' Allah's Messenger said:

«ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヶ͡レ∇イ∠ゎ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヶ͡レ∇イΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ゅ∠ョぺ∠» (Well, you would not t ransgress against him nor would he t ransgress against you.) According t o Al-Qurt ubi, it was narrat ed t hat ` Umar said t o ` Abdullah bin Salam (an Israelit e scholar who became a Muslim), "Do you recognize Muhammad as you recognize your own son'' He replied, "Yes, and even more. The Honest One descended from heaven on t he Honest One on t he eart h wit h his (i.e., Muhammad's) descript ion and I recognized him, alt hough I do not know anyt hing about his mot her's st ory.'' Allah st at es next t hat alt hough t hey had knowledge and cert aint y in t he Prophet , t hey st ill:

びペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΒ∠ ャ∠ぴ (conceal t he t rut h.) The Ayah indicat es t hat t hey hide t he t rut h from t he people, about t he Prophet , t hat t hey find in t heir Books,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (while t hey know it . ) Allah t hen st rengt hens t he resolve of His Prophet and t he believers and affirms t hat what t he Prophet came wit h is t he t rut h wit hout doubt , saying:

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲわ∠ ∇ヨヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ ((This is) t he t rut h from your Lord. So be you not one of t hose who doubt .)

リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ボら͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰΒあャ∠ヲョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ る∀ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ͡ モ ｙ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ よ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ (148. For every nat ion t here is a direct ion t o which t hey face (in t heir prayers). So hast en t owards all t hat is good. Wheresoever you may be, Allah will bring you t oget her (on t he Day of Resurrect ion). Truly, Allah is able t o do all t hings.)

Every Nation has a Qiblah Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said:

びゅ∠ヰΒあャ∠ヲョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ る∀ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ͡ モ ｙ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (For every nat ion t here is a direct ion t o which t hey face (in t heir prayers)) "This t alks about followers of t he various religions. Hence, every nat ion and t ribe has it s own Qiblah t hat t hey choose, while Allah's appoint ed Qiblah is what t he believers face.'' Abul-` Aliyah said, "The Jew has a direct ion t o which he faces (in t he prayer). The Christ ian has a direct ion t o which he faces. Allah has guided you, O (Muslim) Ummah, t o a Qiblah which is t he t rue Qiblah.'' This st at ement was also relat ed t o Muj ahid, ` At a' Ad-Dahhak, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, As-Suddi, and ot hers. This last Ayah is similar t o what Allah said:

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔イ⇒∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ハ ∠ ∇ゲセ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ｙモム⊥ ャ͡ぴ ユ⊥ム⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ あャ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ぶや ヴ∠ャま͡ れ ͡ や∠ゲ∇Βガ ∠ ャや やヲ⊥ボら͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ (To each among you, We have prescribed a law and a clear way. If Allah had willed, He would have made you one nat ion, but t hat (He) may t est you in what He has given you; so compet e in good deeds. The ret urn of you (all) is t o Allah.) (5:48) In t he Ayah (2:148), Allah said:

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ よ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ぴ び∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ (Wheresoever you may be, Allah will bring you t oget her (on t he Day of Resurrect ion). Truly, Allah is able t o do all t hings.) meaning: He is able t o gat her you from t he eart h even if your bodies and flesh disint egrat ed and scat t ered.

ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇トセ ∠ マ ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ メ あ ヲ∠ プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ィゲ∠ カ ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅｚヨハ ∠ モ ∃ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ピよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ヤャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇トセ ∠ マ ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ メ あ ヲ∠ プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ィゲ∠ カ ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユム⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇やヲぁャヲ∠ プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ヱ∠ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ ∀るイ ｚェ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Κ ｚ ゃ∠ ャ͡ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇トセ ∠ ユｚ ゎ͡ Ι ｘ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ル∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇カや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ͡わヨ∠ ∇バル͡ (149. And from wheresoever you st art fort h (for prayers), t urn your face in t he direct ion of AlMasj id Al-Haram (at Makkah), t hat is indeed t he t rut h from your Lord. And Allah is not unaware of what you do.) (150. And from wheresoever you st art fort h (for prayers), t urn your face in t he direct ion of Al-Masj id Al-Haram (at Makkah), and wheresoever you are, t urn your faces t owards it (when you pray) so t hat men may have no argument against you except t hose of t hem t hat are wrongdoers, so fear t hem not , but fear Me! And so t hat I may complet e My blessings on you and t hat you may be guided.)

Why was changing the Qiblah mentioned thrice This is a t hird command from Allah t o face Al-Masj id Al-Haram (t he Sacred Mosque) from every part of t he world (during prayer). It was said t hat Allah ment ioned t his ruling again here because it is connect ed t o what ever is before and what ever is aft er it . Hence, Allah first said:

る⇔ ヤ∠∇らホ͡ マ ∠ レｚ Β∠ ャあヲ∠ レ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ マ ∠ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ょ ∠ ヤぁボ∠ ゎ∠ ン∠ゲル∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ワゅ∠ッ∇ゲゎ∠

(Verily, We have seen t he t urning of your (Muhammad's) face t owards t he heaven. Surely, We shall t urn you t o a Qiblah (prayer direct ion) t hat shall please you) (2:144), unt il:

リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅｚヨハ ∠ モ ∃ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ピよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ (Cert ainly, t he people who were given t he Script ure (i.e., Jews and t he Christ ians) know well t hat , t hat (your t urning t owards t he direct ion of t he Ka` bah at Makkah in prayers) is t he t rut h from t heir Lord. And Allah is not unaware of what t hey do.) (2:144) Allah ment ioned in t hese Ayat His fulfillment of t he Prophet 's wish and ordered him t o face t he Qiblah t hat he liked and is pleased wit h. In t he second command, Allah said:

ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇トセ ∠ マ ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ メ あ ヲ∠ プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ィゲ∠ カ ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅｚヨハ ∠ モ ∃ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ピよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ヤャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ (And from wheresoever you st art fort h (for prayers), t urn your face in t he direct ion of Al-Masid Al-Haram t hat is indeed t he t rut h from your Lord. And Allah is not unaware of what you do.) Therefore, Allah st at es here t hat changing t he Qiblah is also t he t rut h from Him, t hus upgrading t he subj ect more t han in t he first Ayah, in which Allah agreed t o what His Prophet had wished for. Thus Allah st at es t hat t his is also t he t rut h from Him t hat He likes and is pleased wit h. In t he t hird command, Allah refut es t he Jewish assert ion t hat t he Prophet faced t heir Qiblah, as t hey knew in t heir Books t hat t he Prophet will lat er on be commanded t o face t he Qiblah of Ibrahim, t he Ka` bah. The Arab disbelievers had no more argument concerning t he Prophet 's Qiblah aft er Allah commanded t he Prophet t o face t he Qiblah of Ibrahim, which is more respect ed and honored, rat her t han t he Qiblah of t he Jews. The Arabs used t o honor t he Ka` bah and liked t he fact t hat t he Messenger was commanded t o face it .

The Wisdom behind abrogating the Previous Qiblah Allah said:

び∀るイ ｚェ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Κ ｚ ゃ∠ ャ͡ぴ (...so t hat men may have no argument against you) Therefore, t he People of t he Book knew from t he descript ion of t he Muslim Ummah t hat t hey would be ordered t o face t he Ka` bah. If t he Muslims did not fit t his descript ion, t he Jews would have used t his fact against t he Muslims. If t he Muslims had remained on t he Qiblah of

Bayt Al-Maqdis, which was also t he Qiblah of t he Jews, t his fact could have been used as t he basis of argument by t he Jews against ot her people. Allah's St at ement :

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (...except t hose of t hem t hat are wrongdoers,) indicat es t he Mushrikin (polyt heist s) of Quraysh. The reasoning of t hese unj ust persons was t he unsound st at ement : "This man (Muhammad) claims t hat he follows t he religion of Ibrahim! Hence, if his facing Bayt Al-Maqdis was a part of t he religion of Ibrahim, why did he change it '' The answer t o t his quest ion is t hat Allah has chosen His Prophet t o face Bayt Al-Maqdis first for cert ain wisdom, and he obeyed Allah regarding t his command. Then, Allah changed t he Qiblah t o t he Qiblah of Ibrahim, which is t he Ka` bah, and he also obeyed Allah in t his command. He, obeys Allah in all cases and never engages in t he defiance of Allah even for an inst ant , and his Ummah imit at es him in t his. Allah said:

びヴ͡ル∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇カや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (. ..so fear t hem not , but fear Me!) meaning: ` Do not fear t he doubt s t hat t he unj ust , st ubborn persons raise and fear Me Alone.' Indeed, Allah Alone deserves t o be feared. Allah said:

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ͡わヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ユｚ ゎ͡ Ι ｘ ヱ∠ ぴ (...so t hat I may complet e My blessings on you.) This Ayah relat es t o Allah's st at ement :

び∀るイ ｚェ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Κ ｚ ゃ∠ ャ͡ぴ (...so t hat men may have no argument against you), meaning: I will perfect My bount y on you by legislat ing for you t o face t he Ka` bah, so t hat t he (Islamic) Shari` ah (law) is complet e in every respect . Allah said:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (...t hat you may be guided.), meaning: ` To be direct ed and guided t o what t he nat ions have been led ast ray from, We have guided you t o it and preferred you wit h it .' This is why t his Ummah is t he best and most honored nat ion ever.

ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αへ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ヨミ∠ ぴ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ムヨ⊥ ヤあ∠バΑ⊥ ∠ヱ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Βあミゴ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クぺ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ャ (151. Similarly (t o complet e My blessings on you), We have sent among you a Messenger (Muhammad ) of your own, recit ing t o you Our verses (t he Qur'an) and purifying you, and t eaching you t he Book (t he Qur'an) and t he Hikmah (i. e., Sunnah, Islamic laws and Fiqh j urisprudence), and t eaching you t hat which you did not know.) (152. Therefore remember Me (by praying, glorifying). I will remember you, and be grat eful t o Me (for My count less favors on you) and never be ungrat eful t o Me.)

Muhammad's Prophecy is a Great Bounty from Allah Allah reminds His believing servant s wit h what He has endowed t hem wit h by sending Muhammad as a Messenger t o t hem, recit ing t o t hem Allah's clear Ayat and purifying and cleansing t hem from t he worst t ypes of behavior, t he ills of t he souls and t he act s of Jahiliyyah (pre-Islamic era). The Messenger also t akes t hem away from t he darkness (of disbelief) t o t he light (of fait h) and t eaches t hem t he Book, t he Qur'an, and t he Hikmah (i.e., t he wisdom), which is his Sunnah. He also t eaches t hem what t hey knew not . During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, t hey used t o ut t er foolish st at ement s. Lat er on, and wit h t he blessing of t he Prophet 's Message and t he goodness of his prophecy, t hey were elevat ed t o t he st at us of t he Awliya' (loyal friends of Allah) and t he rank of t he scholars. Hence, t hey acquired t he deepest knowledge among t he people, t he most pious heart s, and t he most t rut hful t ongues. Allah said:

Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ ∇クま͡ ∠リΒ͡レ͡ョぽ⊥ヨ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ｚ ョ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ び∇ユ͡ヰΒあミ∠ゴΑ⊥ ∠ヱ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ (Indeed, Allah conferred a great favor on t he believers when He sent among t hem a Messenger (Muhammad ) from among t hemselves, recit ing unt o t hem His verses (t he Qur'an), and purifying t hem (from sins).) (3:164) Allah also crit icized t hose who did not give t his bount y it s due considerat ion, when He said:

∇やヲぁヤェ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャギｚ よ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び ケ͡ や∠ヲら∠ ∇ャや ケ∠ や∠キ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠

(Have you not seen t hose who have changed t he favors of Allah int o disbelief (by denying Prophet Muhammad ) and his Message of Islam), and caused t heir people t o dwell in t he house of dest ruct ion) (14:28) Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "Allah's favor means Muhammad.'' Therefore, Allah has commanded t he believers t o affirm t his favor and t o appreciat e it by t hanking and remembering Him:

びラ ͡ ヱゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ャ ∇やヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クぺ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プぴ (Therefore, remember Me. I will remember you, and be grat eful t o Me, and never be ungrat eful t o Me.) Muj ahid said t hat Allah's st at ement :

び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ヨミ∠ ぴ (Similarly (t o complet e My favor on you), We have sent among you a Messenger (Muhammad ) of your own,) means: Therefore, remember Me in grat it ude t o My favor. Al-Hasan Al-Basri comment ed about Allah's st at ement :

び∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クぺ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プぴ (Therefore remember Me. I will remember you), "Remember Me regarding what I have commanded you and I will remember you regarding what I have compelled Myself t o do for your benefit (i.e., His rewards and forgiveness).'' An aut hent ic Hadit h st at es:

ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ゲミ∠ ク∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヶ͡プ ヶ͡ル∠ゲ∠ミ∠ク ∇リョ∠ :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » ほ∃ヤ∠ョ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ゲミ∠ ク∠ ほ∃ヤ∠ョ∠ ヶ͡プ ヶ͡ル∠ゲ∠ミ∠ク ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヶ͡プ «ヮ∇レョ͡ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ (Allah t he Exalt ed said, ` Whoever ment ions Me t o himself, t hen I will ment ion him t o Myself; and whoever ment ions Me in a gat hering, I will ment ion him in a bet t er gat hering.)' Imam Ahmad report ed t hat Anas narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said:

ヶ͡プ ヶ͡レゎ∠ ∇ゲミ∠ ク∠ ∇ラま͡ ∩∠ュキ∠ へ リ ∠ ∇よや ゅ∠Α :モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ» み∃ヤ∠ョ∠ ヶ͡プ ヶ͡レゎ∠ ∇ゲミ∠ ク∠ ∇ラま͡ ∩ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヶ͡プ マ⊥ゎ∇ゲミ∠ ク∠ マ ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ み∃ヤ∠ョ∠ ヶ͡プ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ る͡ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ み∃ヤ∠ョ∠ ヶ͡プ マ ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ゲミ∠ ク ∩ゅ⇔ハや∠ケク͡ マ ∠ ∇レョ͡ れ ⊥ ∇ヲル∠ キ∠ や⇔ゲ∇らセ ͡ ヶあレョ͡ れ ∠ ∇ヲル∠ キ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ラま∠ヱ ∩ゅ⇔ハゅ∠よ マ ∠ ∇レョ͡ れ ⊥ ∇ヲル∠ キ∠ ゅ⇔ハや∠ケク͡ ヶあレョ͡ れ ∠ ∇ヲル∠ キ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ «る∠ャヱ∠ ∇ゲワ∠ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ ヶ͡ゼ∇ヨゎ∠ ヶ͡レわ∠ ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ (Allah t he Exalt ed said, ` O son of Adam! If you ment ion Me t o yourself, I will ment ion you t o Myself. If you ment ion Me in a gat hering, I will ment ion you in a gat hering of t he angels (or said in a bet t er gat hering). If you draw closer t o Me by a hand span, I will draw closer t o you by forearm's lengt h. If you draw closer t o Me by a forearm's lengt h, I will draw closer t o you by an arm's lengt h. And if you come t o Me walking, I will come t o you running). It s chain is Sahih, it was recorded by Al-Bukhari. Allah said:

びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ャ ∇やヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇セや∠ヱぴ (...and be grat eful t o Me (for My count less favors on you) and never be ungrat eful t o Me.) In t his Ayah, Allah commands t hat He be t hanked and appreciat ed, and promises even more rewards for t hanking Him. Allah said in anot her Ayah:

リ͡ゃャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ギ∠ Α͡コΕ ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲム∠ セ ∠ リ͡ゃャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ラ ∠ クｚ ほ∠ゎ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠ゼ∠ャ ヴ͡よや∠グハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ (And (remember) when your Lord proclaimed: "If you give t hanks (by accept ing fait h and worshipping none but Allah), I will give you more (of My blessings); but if you are t hankless (i.e., disbelievers), verily, My punishment is indeed severe.) Abu Raj a' Al-` Ut aridi said: ` Imran bin Husayn came by us once wearing a nice silken garment t hat we never saw him wear before or aft erwards. He said, "Allah's Messenger said:

ン∠ゲΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ み͡プ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ユ∠ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ヮ͡ボ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ゲ∠ を∠ ぺ∠ :

«ロ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠» (Those whom Allah has favored wit h a bount y, t hen Allah likes t o see t he effect of His bount y on His creat ion), or he said, "on His servant '' - according t o Ruh (one of t he narrat ors of t he Hadit h).

り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ∇らダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レΒ͡バわ∠ ∇シや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ ヴ͡プ モ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ リ∠ヨャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ Ι ｚ リ͡ムャ∠ヱ∠ ∀￢ゅ∠Β∇ェ∠ぺ ∇モよ∠ ∀れや∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Βら∠シ (153. O you who believe! Seek help in pat ience and As-Salah (t he prayer). Truly, Allah is wit h As-Sabirin (t he pat ient ).) (154. And say not of t hose who are killed in t he way of Allah, "They are dead.'' Nay, t hey are living, but you perceive (it ) not .)

The Virtue of Patience and Prayer Aft er Allah commanded t hat He be appreciat ed, He ordained pat ience and prayer. It is a fact t hat t he servant is eit her enj oying a bount y t hat he should be t hankful for, or suffering a calamit y t hat he should meet wit h pat ience. A Hadit h st at es:

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚャま ￢⇔ ゅ∠ツホ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヶ͡ツ∇ボ∠Α ゅ∠ャ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ⇔ら∠イ∠ハ» ヮ⊥ ャ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゲ∠ ム∠ ゼ ∠ プ∠ ￢⊥ やｚゲシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ «ヮ∠ャ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゲ∠ ら∠ ダ ∠ プ∠ ￢⊥ やｚゲッ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ラまヱ (Amazing is t he believer, for what ever Allah decrees for him, it is bet t er for him! If he is t est ed wit h a bount y, he is grat eful for it and t his is bet t er for him; and if he is afflict ed wit h a hardship, he is pat ient wit h it and t his is bet t er for him.)

Allah has st at ed t hat t he best t ools t o help ease t he effect s of t he afflict ions are pat ience and prayer. Earlier we ment ioned Allah's st at ement :

Ι ｚ ま͡ ∀りゲ∠ Β͡らム∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ∇らダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レΒ͡バわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ びリ ∠ Β͡バゼ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (And seek help in pat ience and As-Salah (t he prayer) and t ruly, it is ext remely heavy and hard except for Al-Khashi` in i.e., t he t rue believers in Allah ) (2:45) There are several t ypes of Sabr pat ience: one for avoiding t he prohibit ions and sins, one for act s of worship and obedience. The second t ype carries more rewards t han t he first t ype. There is a t hird t ype of pat ience required in t he face of t he afflict ions and hardships, which is mandat ory, like repent ance. ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, "Sabr has t wo part s: pat ience for t he sake of Allah concerning what He is pleased wit h (i.e., act s of worship and obedience), even if it is hard on t he heart and t he body, and pat ience when avoiding what He dislikes, even if it is desired. Those who acquire t hese qualit ies will be among t he pat ient persons whom Allah shall greet (when t hey meet Him in t he Hereaft er; refer t o Surat Al-Ahzab 33:44), Allah willing.''

The Life enjoyed by Martyrs Allah's st at ement :

∇モよ∠ ∀れや∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Βら∠シ ヴ͡プ モ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ リ∠ヨャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∀￢ゅ∠Β∇ェ∠ぺ (And say not of t hose who are killed in t he way of Allah, "They are dead.'' Nay, t hey are living,) indicat es t hat t he mart yrs are alive and receiving t heir sust enance. Muslim report ed in his Sahih:

∩∃ゲ∇ツカ ⊥ ゲ∃ ∇Βデ ∠ モ ∠タ ͡ や∠ヲェ ∠ ヶ͡プ ￢͡ や∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや ゥ ∠ や∠ヱ∇ケぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠» ヴ∠ャま ヵ͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩∇れ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゥ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ノ∠ ヤ∠デ ｚ ゅ∠プ ∩͡ス∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ る∃ ボ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ョ⊥ モ ∠ Α͡キゅ∠レホ∠ ヵ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ∨∠ラヲ⊥ピ∇らゎ∠ や∠クゅ∠ョ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ ∩⇔るハ ∠ ゅ∠ヤデ あや

∇リョ͡ や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ テ ͡ ∇バゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レわ∇Β∠ト∇ハ∠ぺ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ピ∇らル∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ゅ∠ャ ユ⊥ヰルｚ ぺ∠ や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∩や∠グワ モ ͡ ∇んヨ͡ よ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ キ∠ ゅ∠ハ ｚユを⊥ ∨∠マボ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ルキｚ ゲ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲル⊥ :やヲ⊥ャゅホ∠ ∩やヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇わΑ⊥ り⇔ ゲｚ ョ∠ マ ∠ Β͡プ モ ∠ わ∠ ∇ボル⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ モ ∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ボレ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ケ͡ やｚギャや ゆ ぁ ゲｚ ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ り͡ キ∠ ゅヰｚゼャや ゆ ͡ やヲ∠を ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡ャ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ «ラヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ヶあルま͡ :ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ヤィ ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ (The souls of t he mart yrs are inside green birds and move about in Paradise wherever t hey wish. Then, t hey t ake refuge in lamps t hat are hanging under t he Throne (of Allah). Your Lord looked at t hem and asked t hem, ` What do you wish for' They said, ` What more could we wish for while You have favored us wit h what You have not favored any ot her of your creat ion' He repeat ed t he quest ion again. When t hey realize t hat t hey will be asked (unt il t hey answer), t hey said, ` We wish t hat You send us back t o t he eart hly life, so t hat we fight in Your cause unt il we are killed in Your cause again,' (because of what t hey enj oy of t he rewards of mart yrdom). The Lord t hen said, ` I have writ t en t hat t hey will not be ret urned t o it (eart hly life) again.) Imam Ahmad report ed t hat ` Abdur-Rahman bin Ka` b bin Malik narrat ed from his fat her t hat Allah's Messenger said:

ヴｚわェ ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ イ ∠セ ∠ ヶ͡プ ペ ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∀ゲ͡もゅ∠デ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ ヨ∠ ジ ∠ ル∠ » «ヮ⊥ん∠バ∇ら∠Α ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ロ͡ ギ∠ジィ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ バ∠ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ (The believer's soul is a bird t hat feeds on t he t rees of Paradise unt il Allah sends it back t o it s body when t he person is resurrect ed.) This Hadit h includes all t he believers in it s general meaning. Thus, t he fact t hat t he Qur'an ment ions t he mart yrs in part icular in t he above Ayah serves t o honor, glorify and favor t hem (alt hough t he ot her believers share t he rewards t hey enj oy).

ゾ ∃ ∇ボル∠ ヱ∠ ネ ͡ ヲ⊥イ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇フヲ∠ガ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ￢∃ ∇ヶゼ ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ムルｚ ∠ヲヤ⊥∇らレ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや ゲ͡ ゼ あ よ∠ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ んｚ ャや∠ヱ ザ ͡ ヘ⊥ ルｘΙや∠ヱ メ ͡ や∠ヲョ∠ Ι ｘやリ ∠ ョあ

べ⇒ｚルま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∀るら∠ Β͡ダョぁ ユ⊥ヰ∇わら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇ユヰ͡ ∇よケｚ リョあ れ ∀ ヲ∠ ヤ∠タ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ - ラ ∠ ヲバ͡ィケ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺヱ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ (155. And cert ainly, We shall t est you wit h somet hing of fear, hunger, loss of wealt h, lives and fruit s, but give glad t idings t o As-Sabirin (t he pat ient ).) (156. Who, when afflict ed wit h calamit y, say: "Truly, t o Allah we belong and t ruly, t o Him we shall ret urn.'') (157. They are t hose on whom are t he Salawat (i.e., who are blessed and will be forgiven) from t heir Lord, and (t hey are t hose who) receive His mercy, and it is t hey who are t he guided ones.)

The Believer is Patient with the Affliction and thus gains a Reward Allah informs us t hat He t est s and t ries His servant s, j ust as He said in anot her Ayah:

∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ

リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イヨ⊥ ∇ャや

ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らレ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ら∇カぺ∠ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らル∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ

(And surely, We shall t ry you t ill We t est t hose who st rive hard (for t he cause of Allah) and AsSabirin (t he pat ient ), and We shall t est your fact s (i.e., t he one who is a liar, and t he one who is t rut hful).) (47:31) Hence, He t est s t hem wit h t he bount y somet imes and somet imes wit h t he afflict ions of fear and hunger. Allah said in anot her Ayah:

びフ ͡ ∇ヲガ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ネ ͡ ヲ⊥イ∇ャや サ ∠ ゅ∠らャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ヰホ∠ や∠クほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So Allah made it t ast e ext reme of hunger (famine) and fear.) (16:112) The fright ened and t he hungry persons show t he effect s of t he afflict ion out wardly and t his is why Allah has used here t he word ` Libas' (cover or clot hes) of fear and hunger. In t he Ayat above, Allah used t he words:

びネ ͡ ヲ⊥イ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇フヲ∠ガ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ￢∃ ∇ヶゼ ∠ よ͡ ぴ (wit h somet hing of fear, hunger,) meaning, a lit t le of each. Then (Allah said),

びメ ͡ や∠ヲョ∠ Ι ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ゾ ∃ ∇ボル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (loss of wealt h,) meaning, some of t he wealt h will be dest royed,

びザ ͡ ヘ⊥ ルｘΙや∠ヱぴ (lives) meaning, losing friends, relat ives and loved ones t o deat h,

びれ ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ んｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (and fruit s,) meaning, t he gardens and t he farms will not produce t he usual or expect ed amount s. This is why Allah said next :

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや ゲ͡ ゼ あ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (but give glad t idings t o As-Sabirin (t he pat ient ).) He t hen explained whom He meant by ` t he pat ient ' whom He praised:

ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ⇒ｚルま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∀るら∠ Β͡ダョぁ ユ⊥ヰ∇わら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ びラ ∠ ヲバ͡ィケ∠ (Who, when afflict ed wit h calamit y, say: "Truly, t o Allah we belong and t ruly, t o Him we shall ret urn.'') meaning, t hose who recit e t his st at ement t o comfort t hemselves in t he face of t heir loss, know t hat t hey belong t o Allah and t hat He does what He wills wit h His servant s. They also know t hat not hing and no deed, even if it was t he weight of an at om, will be lost wit h Allah on t he Day of Resurrect ion. These fact s t hus compel t hem t o admit t hat t hey are Allah's servant s and t hat t heir ret urn will be t o Him in t he Hereaft er. This is why Allah said: t

びる∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇よケｚ リあョ れ ∀ ヲ∠ ヤ∠タ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺぴ (They are t hose on whom are t he Salawat (i. e. , who are blessed and will be forgiven) from t heir Lord, and (t hey are t hose who) receive His mercy,) meaning, Allah's praise and mercy will be wit h t hem. Sa` id bin Jubayr added, "Meaning, safet y from t he t orment .''

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺヱ∠ ぴ (and it is t hey who are t he guided ones.) ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab comment ed: "What right eous t hings, and what a great height s.

びる∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇よケｚ リあョ ∀れヲ∠ ヤ∠タ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺぴ (They are t hose on whom are t he Salawat from t heir Lord, and (t hey are t hose who) receive His mercy) are t he t wo right eous t hings.

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺヱ∠ ぴ (and it is t hey who are t he guided ones) are t he height s.'' The height s means more rewards, and t hese people will be awarded t heir rewards and more.

The Virtue of asserting that We all belong to Allah, during Afflictions There are several Ahadit h t hat ment ion t he rewards of admit t ing t hat t he ret urn is t o Allah by saying:

びラ ∠ ヲバ͡ィケ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ⇒ｚルま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ゅｚル͡まぴ ("Truly, t o Allah we belong and t ruly, t o Him we shall ret urn.'') when afflict ions st rike. For inst ance, Imam Ahmad report ed t hat Umm Salamah narrat ed: Once, Abu Salamah came back aft er he was wit h Allah's Messenger and said: I heard Allah's Messenger recit e a st at ement t hat made me delight ed. He said:

ノ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ∀るら∠ Β͡ダョ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ょ ⊥ Β͡ダΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» ヶ͡わら∠ Β͡ダョ⊥ ヶ͡プ ヶ͡ル∇ゲィ ⊥ ∇ぺ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ わ͡ ら∠ Β͡ダョ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ «ヮ͡よ マ ∠ ャ͡ク モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∩ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ヶ͡ャ ∇ブヤ͡∇カぺ∠ヱ (No Muslim is st ruck wit h an afflict ion and t hen says Ist irj a` when t he afflict ion st rikes, and t hen says: ` O Allah! Reward me for my loss and give me what is bet t er t han it ,' but Allah will do j ust t hat .) Umm Salamah said: So I memorized t hese words. When Abu Salamah died I said Ist irj a` and said: "O Allah! Compensat e me for my loss and give me what is bet t er t han it .'' I t hen t hought about it and said, "Who is bet t er t han Abu Salamah'' When my ` Iddah (t he period

of t ime before t he widow or divorced woman can remarry) finished, Allah's Messenger asked for permission t o see me while I was dyeing a skin t hat I had. I washed my hands, gave him permission t o ent er and handed him a pillow, and he sat on it . He t hen asked me for marriage and when he finished his speech, I said, "O Messenger of Allah! It is not because I do not want you, but I am very j ealous and I fear t hat you might experience some wrong mannerism from me for which Allah would punish me. I am old and have children.'' He said:

ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ヰら⊥ ͡ワ∇グΑ⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ れ ͡ ∇ゲミ∠ ク∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅｚョぺ» ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ リ あジ あ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ れ ͡ ∇ゲミ∠ ク∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡マ∇レハ ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ れ ͡ ∇ゲミ∠ ク∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡マよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ヶ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ «ヶ͡ャゅ∠Βハ ͡ マ ͡ ャ⊥ゅ∠Βハ ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ メ ͡ ゅ∠Βバ͡ ∇ャや (As for t he j ealousy t hat you ment ioned, Allah t he Exalt ed will remove it from you. As for your being old as you ment ioned, I have suffered what you have suffered. And for your having children, t hey are my children t oo.) She said, "I have surrendered t o Allah's Messenger.'' Allah's Messenger married her and Umm Salamah said lat er, "Allah compensat ed me wit h who is bet t er t han Abu Salamah: Allah's Messenger .'' Muslim report ed a short er version of t his Hadit h.

ア ｚェ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ も͡ べ∠バセ ∠ リ͡ョ り∠ ヱ∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヘダ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ よ͡ フ ∠ ヲｚ ト ｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ わ∠ ∇ハや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ゲ͡ミゅ∠セ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ネ ∠ ヲｚ ト ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ (158. Verily, As-Safa and Al-Marwah are of t he symbols of Allah. So it is not a sin on him who performs Haj j or ` Umrah (pilgrimage) of t he House t o perform Tawaf bet ween t hem. And whoever does good volunt arily, t hen verily, Allah is All-Recognizer, All-Knower).

The Meaning of "it is not a sin'' in the Ayah Imam Ahmad report ed t hat ` Urwah said t hat he asked ` A'ishah about what Allah st at ed:

ア ｚェ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ も͡ べ∠バセ ∠ リ͡ョ り∠ ヱ∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヘダ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びゅ∠ヨ͡ヰ͡よ フ ∠ ヲｚ ト ｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ わ∠ ∇ハや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや

(Verily, As-Safa and Al-Marwah (t wo mount ains in Makkah) are of t he symbols of Allah. So it is not a sin on him who performs Haj j or ` Umrah (pilgrimage) of t he House (t he Ka` bah at Makkah) t o perform t he going (Tawaf) bet ween t hem (As-Safa and Al-Marwah).) "By Allah! It is not a sin if someone did not perform Tawaf around t hem.'' ` A'ishah said, "Worst is t hat which you said, O my nephew! If t his is t he meaning of it , it should have read, ` It is not a sin if one did not perform Tawaf around t hem.' Rat her, t he Ayah was revealed regarding t he Ansar, who before Islam, used t o assume Ihlal (or Ihram for Haj j ) in t he area of Mushallal for t heir idol Manat t hat t hey used t o worship. Those who assumed Ihlal for Manat , used t o hesit at e t o perform Tawaf (going) bet ween Mount s As-Safa and Al-Marwah. So t hey (during t he Islamic era) asked Allah's Messenger about it , saying, ` O Messenger of Allah! During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, we used t o hesit at e t o perform Tawaf bet ween As-Safa and Al-Marwah.' Allah t hen revealed:

ア ｚェ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ も͡ べ∠バセ ∠ リ͡ョ り∠ ヱ∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヘダ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びゅ∠ヨ͡ヰ͡よ フ ∠ ヲｚ ト ｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ わ∠ ∇ハや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや (Verily, As-Safa and Al-Marwah are of t he symbols of Allah. So it is not a sin on him who performs Haj j or ` Umrah of t he House t o perform t he going (Tawaf) bet ween t hem.)'' ` A'ishah t hen said, " Allah's Messenger has made it t he Sunnah t o perform Tawaf bet ween t hem (As-Safa and Al-Marwah), and t hus, no one should abandon performing Tawaf bet ween t hem.'' This Hadit h is report ed in t he Sahihayn. In anot her narrat ion, Imam Az-Zuhri report ed t hat ` Urwah said: Lat er on I (` Urwah) t old Abu Bakr bin ` Abdur-Rahman bin Al-Harit h bin Hisham (of ` A'ishah's st at ement ) and he said, "I have not heard of such informat ion. However, I heard learned men saying t hat all t he people, except t hose whom ` A'ishah ment ioned, said, ` Our Tawaf bet ween t hese t wo hills is a pract ice of Jahiliyyah. ' Some ot hers among t he Ansar said, ` We were commanded t o perform Tawaf of t he Ka` bah, but not bet ween As-Safa and Al-Marwah.' So Allah revealed:

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ も͡ べ∠バセ ∠ リ͡ョ り∠ ヱ∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヘダ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, As-Safa and Al-Marwah are of t he symbols of Allah.)'' Abu Bakr bin ` Abdur-Rahman t hen said, "It seems t hat t his verse was revealed concerning t he t wo groups.'' Al-Bukhari collect ed a similar narrat ion by Anas. Ash-Sha` bi said, "Isaf (an idol) was on As-Safa while Na'ilah (an idol) was on Al-Marwah, and t hey used t o t ouch (or kiss) t hem. Aft er Islam came, t hey were hesit ant about performing Tawaf bet ween t hem. Thereaft er, t he Ayah (2:158 above) was revealed.''

The Wisdom behind legislating Sa` i between As-Safa and Al-Marwah Muslim recorded a long Hadit h in his Sahih from Jabir, in which Allah's Messenger finished t he Tawaf around t he House, and t hen went back t o t he Rukn (pillar, i.e., t he Black St one) and kissed it . He t hen went out from t he door near As-Safa while recit ing:

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ も͡ べ∠バセ ∠ リ͡ョ り∠ ヱ∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヘダ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, As-Safa and Al-Marwah are of t he symbols of Allah.) The Prophet t hen said, (I st art wit h what Allah has commanded me t o st art wit h meaning st art t he Sa` i (i.e., fast walking) from t he As-Safa ). In anot her narrat ion of An-Nasa'i, t he Prophet said, (St art wit h what Allah has st art ed wit h (i.e., As-Safa).) Imam Ahmad report ed t hat Habibah bint Abu Taj rah said, "I saw Allah's Messenger performing Tawaf bet ween As-Safa and Al-Marwah, while t he people were in front of him and he was behind t hem walking in Sa` i. I saw his garment t wist ed around his knees because of t he fast walking in Sa` i (he was performing) and he was recit ing:

.«ヶ∇バジ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ み͡プ∠ や∇ヲバ∠ ∇シや» (Perform Sa` i, for Allah has prescribed Sa` i on you.)''' This Hadit h was used as a proof for t he fact t hat Sa` i is a Rukn of Haj j . It was also said t hat Sa` i is Waj ib, and not a Rukn of Haj j and t hat if one does not perform it by mist ake or by int ent ion, he could expiat e t he short coming wit h Damm. Allah has st at ed t hat Tawaf bet ween As-Safa and Al-Marwah is among t he symbols of Allah, meaning, among t he act s t hat Allah legislat ed during t he Haj j for Prophet Ibrahim. Earlier we ment ioned t he Hadit h by Ibn ` Abbas t hat t he origin of Tawaf comes from t he Tawaf of Haj ar (Prophet Ibrahim's wife), bet ween As-Safa and Al-Marwah seeking wat er for her son (Isma` il) Ibrahim had left t hem in Makkah, where t here was no habit at ion for her. When Haj ar feared t hat her son would die, she st ood up and begged Allah for His help and kept going back and fort h in t hat blessed area bet ween As-Safa and Al-Marwah. She was humble, fearful, fright ened and meek before Allah. Allah answered her prayers, relieved her of her loneliness, ended her dilemma and made t he well of Zamzam bring fort h it s wat er for her, which is:

«ユ∇ボシ ⊥ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ヘセ ͡ ヱ∠ ∩∃ユ∇バデ ⊥ ュ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠» (A t ast y (or nut rit ional) food and a remedy for t he illness.) Therefore, whoever performs Sa` i bet ween As-Safa and Al-Marwah should remember his meekness, humbleness and need for Allah t o guide his heart , lead his affairs t o success and forgive his sins. He should also want Allah t o eliminat e his short comings and errors and t o guide him t o t he st raight pat h. He should ask Allah t o keep him firm on t his pat h unt il he meet s deat h, and t o change his sit uat ion from t hat of sin and errors t o t hat of perfect ion and being forgiven, --- t he same providence which was provided t o Haj ar. Allah t hen st at es:

びや⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ネ ∠ ヲｚ ト ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(And whoever does good volunt arily.) It was said t hat t he Ayah describes performing Tawaf more t han seven t imes, it was also said t hat it refers t o volunt ary ` Umrah or Haj j . It was also said t hat it means volunt eering t o do good works in general, as Ar-Razi has st at ed. The t hird opinion was at t ribut ed t o Al-Hasan AlBasri. Allah knows best . Allah st at es:

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ゲ͡ミゅ∠セ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (...t hen verily, Allah is All-Recognizer, All-Knower.) meaning, Allah's reward is immense for t he lit t le deed, and He knows about t he sufficiency of t he reward. Hence, He will not award insufficient rewards t o anyone. Indeed:

る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ マ ⊥ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ルギ⊥ ｚャ リ͡ョ れ ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヘバ͡ ⇒∠ツΑ⊥ (Surely, Allah wrongs not even of t he weight of an at om, but if t here is any good (done), He doubles it , and gives from Him a great reward.) (4:40)

ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ヮ⊥ ⇒ｚレΒｚ よ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥エヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レバ͡ ⇒ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゆ ⊥ やｚヲわｚ ャや ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レΒｚ よ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱぺ⊥ ∀ケゅｚヘミ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ͡ま - リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒ヤ∠ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る⊥ レ∠ ∇バャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ブ ⊥ ｚヘガ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ∠ レ⊥Α (159. Verily, t hose who conceal t he clear proofs, evidences and t he guidance, which We have sent down, aft er We have made it clear for t he People in t he Book, t hey are t he ones cursed by

Allah and cursed by t he cursers.) (160. Except t hose who repent and do right eous deeds, and openly declare (t he t rut h which t hey concealed). These, I will accept t heir repent ance. And I am t he One Who accept s repent ance, t he Most Merciful.) (161. Verily, t hose who disbelieve, and die while t hey are disbelievers, it is t hey on whom is t he curse of Allah and of t he angels and of mankind, combined.) (162. They will abide t herein (under t he curse in Hell), t heir punishment will neit her be light ened nor will t hey be reprieved).

The Eternal Curse for Those Who hide Religious Commandments These Ayat st ernly warn against t hose who hide t he clear signs t hat t he Messengers were sent wit h which guide t o t he correct pat h and beneficial guidance for t he heart s, aft er Allah has made such aspect s clear for His servant s t hrough t he Books t hat He revealed t o His Messengers. Abu Al-` Aliyah said t hat t hese Ayat , "were revealed about t he People of t he Script ure who hid t he descript ion of Muhammad .'' Allah t hen st at es t hat everyt hing curses such people for t his evil act . Cert ainly, j ust as everyt hing asks for forgiveness for t he scholar, even t he fish in t he sea and t he bird in t he air, t hen t hose who hide knowledge are cursed by Allah and by t he cursers. A Hadit h in t he Musnad, narrat ed t hrough several chains of narrat ors, t hat st rengt hens t he overall j udgment of t he Hadit h, st at es t hat Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said:

る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ユ∠ イ ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥ ∩⊥ヮヨ∠ わ∠ ム∠ プ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ モ ∠ ゃ͡ シ ⊥ ∇リョ∠ » «ケゅ∠ル ∇リョ͡ ュ∃ ゅ∠イヤ͡よ͡ (Whoever was asked about knowledge t hat one has, but he hid it , t hen a bridle made of fire will be t ied around his mout h on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) It is also recorded by Al-Bukhari t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "If it was not for an Ayah in Allah's Book, I would not have narrat ed a Hadit h for anyone:

びン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who conceal t he clear proofs, evidences and t he guidance, which We have sent down,)'' Muj ahid said, "When t he eart h is st ruck by drought , t he animals say, ` This is because of t he sinners among t he Children of Adam. May Allah curse t he sinners among t he Children of Adam.''' Abu Al-` Aliyah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and Qat adah said t hat

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レバ͡ ⇒ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and cursed by t he cursers) means t hat t he angels and t he believers will curse t hem. Moreover, a Hadit h st at es t hat everyt hing, including t he fish in t he sea, asks for forgiveness for t he

scholars. The Ayah (2:159 above) st at es t hat t hose who hide t he knowledge will be cursed, (in t his life and) on t he Day of Resurrect ion, by Allah, t he angels, all humanit y, and t hose who curse (including t he animals) each in it s own dist inct way. Allah knows best . From t his punishment , Allah excluded all who repent t o Him:

び∇やヲ⊥レΒｚ よ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except t hose who repent and do right eous deeds, and openly declare (t he t rut h which t hey concealed).) This Ayah refers t o t hose who regret what t hey have been doing and correct t heir behavior and, t hus, explain t o t he people what t hey have been hiding.

びユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゆ ⊥ やｚヲわｚ ャや ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ (These, I will accept t heir repent ance. And I am t he One Who accept s repent ance, t he Most Merciful.) This Ayah also indicat es t hat t hose who used t o call t o innovat ion, or even disbelief, and repent t o Allah, t hen Allah will forgive t hem. Allah aft erwards st at es t hat t hose who disbelieve in Him and remain in t his st at e unt il t hey die, t hen:

サ ͡ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒ヤ∠ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る⊥ レ∠ ∇バャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺぴ びリ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ びべ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カぴ (it is t hey on whom is t he curse of Allah and of t he angels and of mankind, combined. They will abide t herein (under t he curse in Hell).) Therefore, t hey will suffer t he et ernal curse unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion and aft er t hat in t he fire of Jahannam, where,

びゆ ⊥ や∠グ∠バ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ブ ⊥ ｚヘガ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (t heir punishment will neit her be light ened) Hence, t he t orment will not be decreased for t hem,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor will t hey be reprieved.) The t orment will not be changed or t empered for even an hour. Rat her, it is cont inuous and et ernal. We seek refuge wit h Allah from t his evil end.

Cursing the Disbelievers is allowed There is no disagreement t hat it is lawful t o curse t he disbelievers. ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab and t he Imams aft er him used t o curse t he disbelievers in t heir Qunut (a t ype of supplicat ion) during t he prayer and ot herwise. As for cursing a specific disbeliever, some scholars st at ed t hat it is not allowed t o curse him, because we do not know how Allah will make his end. Ot hers said t hat it is allowed t o curse individual disbelievers. For proof, t hey ment ion t he st ory about t he man who was brought t o be punished repeat edly for drinking (alcohol), a man said, "May Allah curse him! He is being brought repeat edly (t o be flogged for drinking).'' Allah's Messenger said:

«ヮ∠ャヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ∠ や ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮｚルみ͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レバ∠ ∇ヤゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» (Do not curse him, for he loves Allah and His Messenger). This Hadit h indicat es t hat it is allowed t o curse t hose who do not love Allah and His Messenger . Allah knows best .

リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ｚ ギ∀ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや (163. And your Ilah (God) is One Ilah (God Allah), La ilaha illa Huwa (t here is none who has t he right t o be worshipped but He), t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.) In t his Ayah, Allah ment ions t hat He is t he only deit y, and t hat He has no part ners or equals. He is Allah, t he One and Only, t he Sust ainer, and t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Him. He is t he Most Gracious Ar-Rahman, t he Most Merciful Ar-Rahim. We explained t he meanings of t hese t wo Names in t he beginning of Surat Al-Fat ihah. Shahr bin Hawshab report ed t hat Asma' bint Yazid bin As-Sakan narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said:

リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ Α∠ Γや リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ゅ∠ワ ヶ͡プ ユ⊥ ヌ ∠ ∇ハほ∠∇ャや ぶ ͡ や ユ⊥ ∇シや» (Allah's Great est Name is cont ained in t hese t wo Ayat ):

リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ｚ ギ∀ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや (And your Ilah (God) is One Ilah (God Allah), La ilaha illa Huwa (t here is none who has t he right t o be worshipped but He), t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.) and:

びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ユャやぴ (Alif-Lam-Mim. Allah! La ilaha illa Huwa (none has t he right t o be worshipped but He), AlHaiyul-Qaiyum (t he Ever Living, t he One Who sust ains and prot ect s all t hat exist s).) (3:1, 2)'' Then Allah ment ions some of t he proof t hat He is alone as t he deit y, t hat He is t he One who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h and all of t he various creat ures bet ween t hem, all of which t est ify t o His Oneness. Allah said:

モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャや ブ ͡ ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ェほ∠プ∠ ￢∃ べｚョ リ͡ョ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや る∃ よｚ へ∠キ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゑ ｚ よ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヮ͡ よ͡ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゲ͡ ガ ｚジ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ ゅ∠エジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ウ ͡ ⇒∠Αゲあ ャや ͡ブΑ͡ゲ∇ダ∠ゎ∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ チ ͡ ∇ケΕ ∠ や∠ヱ (164. Verily, in t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h, and in t he alt ernat ion of night and day, and t he ships which sail t hrough t he sea wit h t hat which is of use t o mankind, and t he wat er (rain) which Allah sends down from t he sky and makes t he eart h alive t herewit h aft er it s deat h, and t he moving (living) creat ures of all kinds t hat He has scat t ered t herein, and in t he veering of winds and clouds which are held bet ween t he sky and t he eart h, are indeed Ayat (proofs, evidences, signs, et c.) for people of underst anding.)

The Proofs for Tawhid Allah said:

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h...) Therefore, t he sky, wit h it s height , int ricat e design, vast ness, t he heavenly obj ect s in orbit , and t his eart h, wit h it s densit y, it s lowlands, mount ains, seas, desert s, valleys, and ot her st ruct ures, and beneficial t hings t hat it has. Allah cont inues:

び͡ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ブ ͡ ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや∠ヱぴ (...and in t he alt ernat ion of night and day.) This (t he night ) comes and t hen goes followed by t he ot her (t he day) which does not delay for even an inst ant , j ust as Allah said:

モ ⊥ ∇Βｚャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ャや ポ ∠ ケ͡ ∇ギゎ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ヰャ∠ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや Ι ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エら∠ ∇ジΑ∠ マ ∃ ヤ∠プ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ペ ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠シ (It is not for t he sun t o overt ake t he moon, nor does t he night out st rip t he day. They all float , each in an orbit .) (36:40) Somet imes, t he day grows short er and t he night longer, and somet imes vice versa, one t akes from t he lengt h of t he ot her. Similarly Allah said:

びモ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ヴ͡プ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ア ⊥ ャ͡ヲ⊥Αヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ヴ͡プ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ア ⊥ ャ͡ヲ⊥Αぴ (Allah merges t he night int o t he day, and He merges t he day int o t he night ) (57:6) meaning, He ext ends t he lengt h of one from t he ot her and vice versa. Allah t hen cont inues:

びサ ∠ ゅｚレャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (. ..and t he ships which sail t hrough t he sea wit h t hat which is of use t o mankind,) Shaping t he sea in t his manner, so t hat it is able t o carry ships from one shore t o anot her, so people benefit from what t he ot her region has, and export what t hey have t o t hem and vice versa. Allah t hen cont inues:

ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ェほ∠プ∠ ￢∃ べｚョ リ͡ョ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや (...and t he wat er (rain) which Allah sends down from t he sky and makes t he eart h alive t herewit h aft er it s deat h), which is similar t o Allah's st at ement :

ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ΒΒ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ る⊥ わ∠ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚャ ∀るΑ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ゅ⇔ら∂ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ (And a sign for t hem is t he dead land. We give it life, and We bring fort h from it grains, so t hat t hey eat t hereof.) (36:33), unt il:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱぴ (which t hey know not .) (36:36) Allah cont inues:

びる∃ よｚ へ∠キ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゑ ｚ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t he moving (living) creat ures of all kinds t hat He has scat t ered t herein,) meaning, in various shapes, colors, uses and sizes, whet her small or large. Allah knows all t hat , sust ains it , and not hing is concealed from Him. Similarly, Allah said:

ゅ∠ヰホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ゅ∠ヰハ ∠ キ∠ ∇ヲわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワゲｚ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ び (And no moving (living) creat ure is t here on eart h but it s provision is due from Allah. And He knows it s dwelling place and it s deposit (in t he ut erus or grave). All is in a Clear Book (Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz t he Book of Decrees wit h Allah).) (11:6)

びウ ͡ ⇒∠Αゲあ ャや ͡ブΑ͡ゲ∇ダ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ

(...and in t he veering of winds...) Somet imes, t he wind brings mercy and somet imes t orment . Somet imes it brings t he good news of t he clouds t hat follow it , somet imes it leads t he clouds, herding t hem, scat t ering t hem or direct ing t hem. Somet imes, t he wind comes from t he nort h (t he nort hern wind), and somet imes from t he sout h, somet imes from t he east , and st riking t he front of t he Ka` bah, somet imes from t he west , st riking it s back. There are many books about t he wind rain, st ars and t he regulat ions relat ed t o t hem, but here is not t he place t o elaborat e on t hat , and Allah knows best . Allah cont inues:

びチ ͡ ∇ケΕ ∠ や∠ヱ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゲ͡ ガ ｚジ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ ゅ∠エジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (...and clouds which are held bet ween t he sky and t he eart h,) The clouds run bet ween t he sky and t he eart h t o wherever Allah wills of lands and areas. Allah said next :

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓぴ (...are indeed Ayat for people of underst anding,) meaning, all t hese t hings are clear signs t hat t est ify t o Allah's Oneness. Similarly, Allah said:

モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ブ ͡ ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱｘΙ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΙ ∂ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ や⇔キヲ⊥バホ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠Βホ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや やグ∠ワ ろ ∠ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ び ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ゅ∠レ͡ボ∠プ マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ Κ ⇔ト ͡ ⇒∠よ (Verily, in t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h, and in t he alt ernat ion of night and day, t here are indeed signs for men of underst anding. Those who remember Allah (always, and in prayers) st anding, sit t ing, and lying down on t heir sides, and t hink deeply about t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h, (saying): "Our Lord! You have not creat ed (all) t his wit hout purpose, glory t o You! (Exalt ed are You above all t hat t hey associat e wit h You as part ners). Give us salvat ion from t he t orment of t he Fire.'') (3:190, 191)

や⇔キや∠ギル∠ぺ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ グ⊥ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ゅ６らェ ⊥ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや あょエ ⊥ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ り∠ ヲｚ ボ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン∠ゲΑ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ぺ∠ゲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ∇クま͡ - ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇ろバ∠ ト ｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎぁ や り⇔ ゲｚ ミ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇シΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚレ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥￢ゲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ぺ∠ゲｚ ら∠ わ∠ レ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ィゲ͡ ⇒∠ガよ͡ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ れ ∃ ゲ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ び ケ͡ ゅｚレャや (165. And of mankind are some who t ake (for worship) ot hers besides Allah as rivals (t o Allah). They love t hem as t hey love Allah. But t hose who believe, love Allah more (t han anyt hing else). If only, t hose who do wrong could see, when t hey will see t he t orment , t hat all power belongs t o Allah and t hat Allah is severe in punishment .) (166. When t hose who were followed disown (declare t hemselves innocent of) t hose who followed (t hem), and t hey see t he t orment , t hen all t heir relat ions will be cut off from t hem). (167. And t hose who followed will say: "If only we had one more chance t o ret urn (t o t he worldly life), we would disown (declare ourselves as innocent from) t hem as t hey have disowned (declared t hemselves as innocent from) us. '' Thus Allah will show t hem t heir deeds as regret s for t hem. And t hey will never get out of t he Fire.)

The Condition of the Polytheists in this Life and the Hereafter In t hese Ayat , Allah ment ions t he condit ion of t he polyt heist s in t his life and t heir dest inat ion in t he Hereaft er. They appoint ed equals and rivals wit h Allah, worshipping t hem along wit h Allah and loving t hem, j ust as t hey love Allah. However, Allah is t he only deit y wort hy of worship, Who has neit her rival nor opponent nor part ner. It is report ed in t he Sahihayn t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said: I said, "O Messenger of Allah! What is t he great est sin'' He said:

«マ∠ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ や６ギル͡ ぶ ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠» (To appoint a rival t o Allah while He Alone has creat ed you.) Allah said:

びヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ゅ６らェ ⊥ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (But t hose who believe, love Allah more (t han anyt hing else)) Because t hese believers love Allah, know His great ness, revere Him, believe in His Oneness, t hen t hey do not associat e anyt hing or anyone wit h Him in t he worship. Rat her, t hey worship Him Alone, depend on Him and t hey seek help from Him for each and every need. Then, Allah warns t hose who commit Shirk,

ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン∠ゲΑ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ り∠ ヲｚ ボ⊥ ∇ャや (If only, t hose who do wrong could see, when t hey will see t he t orment , t hat all power belongs t o Allah.) if t hese people knew what t hey will face and t he t errible punishment t hey are t o suffer because of t heir disbelief and Shirk (polyt heism), t hen t hey would shun t he deviat ion t hat t hey live by. Allah ment ions t heir false beliefs in t heir idols, and t hat t hose t hey followed will declare t heir innocence of t hem. Allah said:

び∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎぁ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ぺ∠ゲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ (When t hose who were followed disown (declare t hemselves innocent of) t hose who followed (t hem).) t he angels, whom t hey used t o claim t hat t hey worshipped, declare t heir innocence of t hem in t he Hereaft er, saying:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ルゅｚΑま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠ル∇ぺゲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ぴ (We declare our innocence (from t hem) before You. It was not us t hey worshipped.) (28:63), and:

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇モよ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レΒぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ユ⊥ワゲ⊥ ん∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚイ ͡ ∇ャや ("Glorified be You! You are our Wali (Lord) inst ead of t hem. Nay, but t hey used t o worship t he Jinn; most of t hem were believers in t hem.'') (34:4)

The Jinn will also disown t he disbelievers who worshipped t hem, and t hey will rej ect t hat worship. Allah said:

Ι ｚ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リｚヨョ͡ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ハキ⊥ リ∠ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ⊥ Β͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ギ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ゼ ͡ェ ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ (And who is more ast ray t han one who calls on (invokes) besides Allah, such as will not answer him t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion, and who are (even) unaware of t heir calls (invocat ions) t o t hem And when mankind are gat hered (on t he Day of Resurrect ion), t hey (false deit ies) will become t heir enemies and will deny t heir worshipping.) (46:5, 6) Allah said:

び や⇔ゴ∂ ハ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャあ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や￢ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ び や⇔ギ∂ ッ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠らバ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΒ∠ シ ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (And t hey have t aken (for worship) alihah (gods) besides Allah, t hat t hey might give t hem honor, power and glory (and also prot ect t hem from Allah' punishment ). Nay, but t hey (t he socalled gods) will deny t heir worship of t hem, and become opponent s t o t hem (on t he Day of Resurrect ion).) (19:81, 82) Prophet Ibrahim said t o his people:

ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ∇Βよ∠ り∠ キｚ ヲ∠ ョｚ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠を∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱキ⊥ リあョ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ や ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ リ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ヱ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲダ ͡ ⇒ｚル (You have t aken (for worship) idols inst ead of Allah. The love bet ween you is only in t he life of t his world, but on t he Day of Resurrect ion, you shall disown each ot her, and curse each ot her, and your abode will be t he Fire, and you shall have no helper.) (29:25) Allah said:

∇ユヰ͡ よ∂ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プヲ⊥ホ∇ヲョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ヌ ｚ ャや ク͡ ま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ メ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ノ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ゅｚレム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツわ⊥ ∇シや ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツわ⊥ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ルキ∠ギタ ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツわ⊥ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レル∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇クま͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ゲ⊥ ∇ムョ∠ ∇モよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや ゅヨｚ ャ∠ る∠ ョ∠ や∠ギレｚ ャや ∇やヱぁゲシ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔キや∠ギル∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゲ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ムルｚ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ベ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ∠ ⇒∠ヤ∇ビ∇Ιや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∠ゆや∠グ∠バ∠ャ∇や ∇やヱ⊥ ぺ∠ケ∠ び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ (But if you could see when t he Zalimun (polyt heist s and wrongdoers) will be made t o st and before t heir Lord,how t hey will cast t he (blaming) word one t o anot her! Those who were deemed weak will say t o t hose who were arrogant : "Had it not been for you, we should cert ainly have been believers!'' And t hose who were arrogant will say t o t hose who were deemed weak: "Did we keep you back from guidance aft er it had come t o you Nay, but you were Muj rimin (polyt heist s, sinners, disbelievers, criminals).'' Those who were deemed weak will say t o t hose who were arrogant : "Nay, but it was your plot t ing by night and day, when you ordered us t o disbelieve in Allah and set up rivals t o Him!'' And each of t hem (part ies) will conceal t heir own regret s (for disobeying Allah during t his worldly life), when t hey behold t he t orment . And We shall put iron collars round t he necks of t hose who disbelieved. Are t hey requit ed aught except what t hey used t o do) (34:31-33) Allah said:

∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘやヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ゅｚヨャ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ヴ ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠∇カほ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎぁ ギ∠ハヱ∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らイ ∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ カ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダヨ⊥ よ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ャヱ∠ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ヤゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠

ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ れ ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ヴあルま͡ ヴ ｚカ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダヨ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ラ ｚ ま͡ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ (And Shayt an (Sat an) will say when t he mat t er has been decided: "Verily, Allah promised you a promise of t rut h. And I t oo promised you, but I bet rayed you. I had no aut horit y over you except t hat I called you, and you responded t o me. So blame me not , but blame yourselves. I cannot help you, nor can you help me. I deny your former act in associat ing me (Sat an) as a part ner wit h Allah (by obeying me in t he life of t he world). Verily, t here is a painful t orment for t he Zalimin (polyt heist s and wrongdoers).) (14:22) Allah t hen said:

びゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇シΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ろバ∠ ト ｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (...and t hey see t he t orment , t hen all t heir relat ions will be cut off from t hem.) meaning, when t hey see Allah's t orment , t heir power and means of salvat ion are all cut off, and t hey will have no way of making amends, nor will t hey find a way of escape from t he Fire. ` At a' report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about :

びゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇シΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ろバ∠ ト ｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (t hen all t heir relat ions will be cut off from t hem.) "meaning t he friendship.'' Muj ahid report ed a similar st at ement in anot her narrat ion by Ibn Abu Naj ih. Allah said:

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ぺ∠ゲｚ ら∠ わ∠ レ∠ プ∠ り⇔ ゲｚ ミ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びゅｚレ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥￢ゲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ (And t hose who followed will say: "If only we had one more chance t o ret urn (t o t he worldly life), we would disown (declare ourselves as innocent from) t hem as t hey have disowned (declared t hemselves as innocent from) us.'') This Ayah means: ` If we only had a chance t o go back t o t he life so t hat we could disown t hem (t heir idols, leaders, et c.) shun t heir worship, ignore t hem and worship Allah Alone inst ead.' But t hey ut t er a lie in t his regard, because if t hey were given t he chance t o go back, t hey would only ret urn t o what t hey were prohibit ed from doing, j ust as Allah said. This is why Allah said:

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ れ ∃ ゲ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Thus Allah will show t hem t heir deeds as regret s for t hem.) meaning, t heir works will vanish and disappear. Similarly, Allah said:

￢⇔ べ∠らワ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ モ ∃ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇ョギ͡ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥んレｚョ (And We shall t urn t o what ever deeds t hey (disbelievers, polyt heist s, sinners) did, and We shall make such deeds as scat t ered float ing part icles of dust .) (25:23) Allah also said:

∇れギｚ わ∠ ∇セや キ∃ ゅ∠ョゲ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ん∠ ｚョぴ びブ ∃ タ ͡ ゅ∠ハ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡プ ウ ⊥ Αあゲャや ヮ͡ よ͡ (The parable of t hose who disbelieved in t heir Lord is t hat t heir works are as ashes, on which t he wind blows furiously on a st ormy day.) (14:18), and:

ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ る∃ バ∠ Β͡ボよ͡ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲジ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び￢⇔ べ∠ョ ラ ⊥ べ∇ヨヌ ｚ ャや (As for t hose who disbelieved, t heir deeds are like a mirage in a desert . The t hirst y one t hinks it t o be wat er.) (24:39) This is why Allah said

at t he end of t he Ayah 2:167 above

びケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ィゲ͡ ⇒∠ガよ͡ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will never get out of t he Fire.)

ゅ⇔らあΒデ ∠ Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ヤェ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅｚヨ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒Αぴ び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや れ ͡ ヲ∠ ト ⊥カ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ￢べ∠ゼ∇エヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢ヲぁジャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ミゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ び-∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (168.O mankind! Eat of t hat which is lawful and good on t he eart h, and follow not t he foot st eps of Shayt an (Sat an). Verily, he is t o you an open enemy.) (169. He (Sat an) commands you only what is evil and Fahsha' (sinful), and t hat you should say about Allah what you know not .)

The Order to eat the Lawful Things, and the Prohibition of following the Footsteps of Shaytan Aft er Allah st at ed t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Him and t hat He Alone creat ed t he creat ion, He st at ed t hat He is t he Sust ainer for all His creat ion, and He ment ioned a favor t hat He grant ed t hem; He has allowed t hem t o eat any of t he pure lawful t hings on t he eart h t hat do not cause harm t o t he body or t he mind. He also forbade t hem from following t he foot st eps of Shayt an, meaning his ways and met hods wit h which he misguides his followers, like prohibit ing t he Bahirah (a she-camel whose milk was spared for t he idols and nobody was allowed t o milk it ), or Sa'ibah (a she-camel let loose for free past ure for t he idols and not hing was allowed t o be carried on it ), or a Wasilah (a she-camel set free for idols because it has given birt h t o a she-camel at it s first delivery and t hen again gives birt h t o a she-camel at it s second delivery), and all of t he ot her t hings t hat Shayt an made at t ract ive t o t hem during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah. Muslim recorded ` Iyad bin Himar saying t hat Allah's Messenger said t hat Allah t he Exalt ed says,

ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇エレ∠ ョ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠ョ ｚモミ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡:ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∩∠￢ゅ∠ヘレ∠ ェ ⊥ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ ヮ͡ Β͡プヱ∠ ∩∀メゅ∠ヤェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ Α͡キ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わャ∠ゅ∠わ∇ィゅ∠プ リ ⊥ Β͡デゅ∠Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ ゅ∠イプ∠ «ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤヤ∠∇ェぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ (` Every t ype of wealt h I have endowed My servant s is allowed for t hem...' (unt il), ` I have creat ed My servant s Hunafa' (pure or upright ), but t he devils came t o t hem and led t hem ast ray from t heir (t rue) religion and prohibit ed t hem from what I allowed for t hem. ') Allah said:

び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (...he is t o you an open enemy.)

warning against Sat an. Allah said in anot her inst ance:

ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ や⇔ヱ∂ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グガ ͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ゲ͡ Β͡バジ ｚ ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ∇ゴェ ͡ (Surely, Shayt an is an enemy t o you, so t ake (t reat ) him as an enemy. He only invit es his Hizb (followers) t hat t hey may become t he dwellers of t he blazing Fire.) (35:6), and:

∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ｚΑあケク⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ わ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びΙ ⇔ ギ∠ よ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャ ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ (Will you t hen t ake him (Iblis) and his offspring as prot ect ors and helpers rat her t han Me while t hey are enemies t o you What an evil is t he exchange for t he Zalimin (polyt heist s, and wrongdoers, et c).) (18:50) Qat adah and As-Suddi comment ed on what Allah said:

びリ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや れ ͡ ヲ∠ ト ⊥カ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (...and follow not t he foot st eps of Shayt an (Sat an)): Every act of disobedience t o Allah is among t he foot st eps of Sat an. ` Abd bin Humayd report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "Any vow or oat h t hat one makes while angry, is among t he foot st eps of Shayt an and it s expiat ion is t hat of t he vow. '' Allah's st at ement :

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ゼ∇エヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ ヲぁジャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ミゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (He (Sat an) commands you only what is evil and Fahsha (sinful), and t hat you should say about Allah what you know not .) The verse means: ` Your enemy, Sat an, commands you t o commit evil act s and what is worse t han t hat , such as adult ery and so fort h. He commands you t o commit what is even worse, t hat is, saying about Allah wit hout knowledge.' So t his includes every innovat or and disbeliever.

ノ⊥ ら͡ わｚ ル∠ ∇モよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや∠￢ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ル￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヘ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ べ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ギル͡ ヱ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ハキ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ペ ⊥ バ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∀ヴ∇ヨハ ⊥ ∀ユ∇ムよ⊥ ユｘ タ ⊥ (170 When it is said t o t hem: "Follow what Allah has sent down.'' They say: "Nay! We shall follow what we found our fat hers following.'' (Would t hey do t hat !) even t hough t heir fat hers did not underst and anyt hing nor were t hey guided) (171. And t he example of t hose who disbelieve is as t hat of him who shout s t o t hose (flock of sheep) t hat hear not hing but calls and cries. (They are) deaf, dumb and blind. So t hey do not underst and.)

The Polytheist imitates Other Polytheists Allah st at es t hat if t he disbelievers and polyt heist s are called t o follow what Allah has revealed t o His Messenger and abandon t he pract ices of misguidance and ignorance t hat t hey indulge in, t hey will say, "Rat her. We shall follow what we found our fat hers following,'' meaning, worshipping t he idols and t he false deit ies. Allah crit icized t heir reasoning:

び∇ユワ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや∠￢ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ((Would t hey do t hat !) even t hough t heir fat hers), meaning, t hose whom t hey follow and whose pract ices t hey imit at e, and:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (...did not underst and anyt hing nor were t hey guided) meaning, t hey had no sound underst anding or guidance. Ibn Ishaq report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t his was revealed about a group of Jews whom Allah's Messenger called t o Islam, but t hey refused, saying, "Rat her, we shall follow what we found our forefat hers following.'' So Allah revealed t his Ayah (2:170) above."

The Disbeliever is just like an Animal Allah t hen made a parable of t he disbelievers, j ust as He said in anot her Ayah:

び￢͡ ∇ヲジ ｚ ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ぴ (For t hose who believe not in t he Hereaf t er is an evil descript ion.) (16:60) Similarly, Allah said here (2:171 above)

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he example of t hose who disbelieve...) meaning, in t heir inj ust ice, misguidance and ignorance, t hey are j ust like wandering animals, not underst anding what t hey are t old; if t he shepherd heralds t hem or calls t hem t o what benefit s t hem, t hey would not underst and what is act ually being said t o t hem, for t hey only hear unint elligible sounds. This is what is report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, Abu Al-` Aliyah, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, ` At a', Al-Hasan, Qat adah, ` At a' AlKhurasani and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas.

び∀ヴ∇ヨハ ⊥ ∀ユ∇ムよ⊥ ユｘ タ ⊥ ぴ (They are deaf, dumb, and blind.) means, t hey are deaf, as t hey do not hear t he t rut h; mut e, as t hey do not ut t er it ; and blind, as t hey do not see or recognize it s pat h and way.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (So t hey do not underst and.) means, t hey do not comprehend or underst and anyt hing.

∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョ れ ͡ ゅ∠らΒあ デ ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒Αぴ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ロ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇やヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇セや∠ヱ ヮ͡ よ͡ ｚモワ͡ ぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ͡ Α͡ゴレ͡ガ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇エャ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ ギｚ ャや∠ヱ る∠ わ∠ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ∠ ∇をま͡ Κ ∠ プ∠ キ∃ ゅ∠ハ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ パ ∃ ゅ∠よ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ｚゲト ⊥ ∇ッや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ャ͡ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (172. O you who believe (in t he Oneness of Allah Islamic Monot heism)! Eat of t he lawful t hings t hat We have provided you wit h, and be grat eful t o Allah, if it is indeed He Whom you worship). (173. He has forbidden you only t he Mait ah (dead animals), and blood, and t he flesh of swine, and t hat which is slaught ered as a sacrifice for ot her t han Allah. But if one is forced by necessit y wit hout willful disobedience nor t ransgressing due limit s, t hen t here is no sin on him. Truly, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

The Command to eat Pure Things and the Explanation of the Prohibited Things Allah commands His believing servant s t o eat from t he pure t hings t hat He has creat ed for t hem and t o t hank Him for it , if t hey are t ruly His servant s. Eat ing from pure sources is a cause for t he accept ance of supplicat ions and act s of worship, j ust as eat ing from impure sources prevent s t he accept ance of supplicat ions and act s of worship, as ment ioned in a Hadit h recorded by Imam Ahmad, t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat Allah's Messenger said:

ラ ｚ ま∠ヱ ∩ゅ⇔ら⇒あΒデ ∠ ゅｚャま͡ モ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩∀ょΒあ デ ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠» :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ぶ ∠ や ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ぁゲャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヴあルま͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∩ ゅ∠ョ れ ͡ ゅ∠らΒあ デ ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒Αぴ び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ぁギヨ⊥ Α∠ ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ビぺ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇セぺ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ジ ｚ ャや モ ⊥ Β͡トΑ⊥ モ ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ゲ∠ ミ∠ ク∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ バ∠ ∇トョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩あゆケ∠ ゅ∠Α ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α :￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ ヵ ∠ グあ ビ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∀ュや∠ゲェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ヤョ∠ヱ ∩∀ュや∠ゲェ ∠ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ゼョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀ュや∠ゲェ ∠ «∨∠マャ͡グ͡ャ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠イわ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ヴｚルほ∠プ∠ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャゅよ (O people! Allah is Tayyib (Pure and Good) and only accept s t hat which is Tayyib. Allah has indeed commanded t he believers wit h what He has commanded t he Messengers, for He said: (O (you) Messengers! Eat of t he Tayyibat and do right eous deeds. Verily, I am well-acquaint ed wit h what you do) (23:51), and: (O you who believe! Eat of t he lawful t hings t hat We have provided you wit h) He t hen ment ioned a man, (who is engaged in a long j ourney, whose hair is unt idy and who is covered in dust , he raises his hands t o t he sky, and says, ` O Lord! O Lord!'

Yet , his food is from t he unlawful, his drink is from t he unlawful, his clot hes are from t he unlawful, and he was nourished by t he unlawful, so how can it (his supplicat ion) be accept ed'') It was also recorded by Muslim and At -Tirmidhi Aft er Allah ment ioned how He has blessed His creat ures by providing t hem wit h provisions, and aft er commanding t hem t o eat from t he pure t hings t hat He has provided t hem, He t hen st at ed t hat He has not prohibit ed anyt hing for t hem, except dead animals. Dead animals are t hose t hat die before being slaught ered; whet her t hey die by st rangling, a violent blow, a headlong fall, t he goring of horns or by being part ly eat en by a wild animal. Dead animals of t he sea are excluded from t his ruling, as is explained lat er, Allah willing, as Allah said:

びヮ⊥ ョ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ ∇Βタ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ｚモェ ͡ ぺ⊥ぴ (Lawful t o you is (t he pursuit of) wat ergame and it s use for food) (5:96), and because of t he Hadit h about t he whale recorded in t he Sahih. The Musnad, Al-Muwat t a' and t he Sunan recorded t he Prophet saying about t he sea:

«ヮ⊥わ∠わ∇Β∠ョ モ ぁエ ͡ ∇ャやヱ ロ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰト ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ » (It s wat er is pure and it s dead are permissible.) Ash-Shafi` i, Ahmad, Ibn Maj ah, and Ad-Daraqut ni report ed t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat t he Prophet said:

ギ⊥ ら͡ ム∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ キ⊥ や∠ゲイ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ マ ⊥ ヨ∠ ジ ｚ ャや∩͡ラゅ∠ョキ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わわ∇Βョ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ｚモェ ͡ ぺ⊥» «メゅ∠エト あ ャや∠ヱ (We have been allowed t wo dead t hings and t wo bloody t hings: fish and locust s; and liver and spleen). We will ment ion t his subj ect again in Surat Al-Ma'idah (chapt er 5 in t he Qur'an), In sha' Allah (if Allah wills). Issue: According t o Ash-Shafi` i and ot her scholars, milk and eggs t hat are inside dead unslaught ered animals are not pure, because t hey are part of t he dead animal. In one narrat ion from him, Malik said t hat t hey are pure t hemselves, but become impure because of t heir locat ion. Similarly, t here is a difference of opinion over t he cheeses (made wit h t he milk) of dead animals. The popular view of t he scholars is t hat it is impure, alt hough t hey ment ioned t he fact t hat t he Companions at e from t he cheeses made by t he Magians (fire worshippers). Hence, Al-Qurt ubi comment ed: "Since only a small part of t he dead animal is mixed wit h it , t hen it is permissible, because a minut e amount of impurit y does not mat t er if it is mixed wit h a large amount of liquid.'' Ibn Maj ah report ed t hat Salman said t hat Allah's Messenger was asked about but t er, cheese and fur. He said:

ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ュ⊥ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヶ͡プ ぶ ⊥ やモ ｚェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ヤエ ∠ ∇ャや» «ヮ∇レハ ∠ ゅ∠ヘハ ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ろ ∠ ム∠ シ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヶ͡プ ぶ ⊥ や (The allowed is what Allah has allowed in His Book and t he prohibit ed is what Allah has prohibit ed in His Book. What He has not ment ioned is a part of what He has pardoned.) Allah has prohibit ed eat ing t he meat of swine, whet her slaught ered or not , and t his includes it s fat , eit her because it is implied, or because t he t erm Lahm includes t hat , or by analogy. Similarly prohibit ed are offerings t o ot her t han Allah, t hat is what was slaught ered in a name ot her t han His, be it for monument s, idols, divinat ion, or t he ot her pract ices of t he t ime of Jahiliyyah. Al-Qurt ubi ment ioned t hat ` A'ishah was asked about what non-Muslims slaught er for t heir feast s and t hen offer some of it as gift s for Muslims. She said, "Do not eat from what has been slaught ered for t hat day, (or feast ) but eat from t heir veget ables.''

The Prohibited is Allowed in Cases of Emergency Then Allah permit t ed eat ing t hese t hings when needed for survival or when t here are no permissible t ypes of food available. Allah said:

びキ∃ ゅ∠ハ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ パ ∃ ゅ∠よ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ｚゲト ⊥ ∇ッや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (But if one is forced by necessit y wit hout willful disobedience nor t ransgressing due limit s), meaning, wit hout t ransgression or overst epping t he limit s,

びヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ∠ ∇をま͡ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (...t hen t here is no sin on him.) meaning, if one eat s such it ems, for,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) Muj ahid said, "If one is forced by necessit y wit hout willful disobedience nor t ransgressing t he set limit s. For example, if he didn't , t hen he would have t o resort t o highway robbery, rising against t he rulers, or some ot her kinds of disobedience t o Allah, t hen t he permission applies t o him. If one does so t ransgressing t he limit s, or cont inually, or out of disobedience t o Allah, t hen t he permission does not apply t o him even if he is in dire need.'' The same was report ed from Sa` id bin Jubayr. Sa` id and Muqat il bin Hayyan are report ed t o have said t hat wit hout willful disobedience means, "Wit hout believing t hat it is permissible.'' It was report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah:

びキ∃ ゅ∠ハ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ パ ∃ ゅ∠よ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ぴ (. ..wit hout willful disobedience nor t ransgressing) saying, "Wit hout willful disobedience means eat ing t he dead animal and not cont inuing t o do so. Qat adah said:

びパ ∃ ゅ∠よ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ぴ (wit hout willful disobedience) "Wit hout t ransgressing by eat ing from t he dead animals, t hat is when t he lawful is available.'' Issue: When one in dire st rait s finds bot h dead animals, and foods belong t o ot her people which he could get wit hout risking t he loss of his hands or causing harm, t hen it is not allowed for him t o eat t he dead animals. Ibn Maj ah report ed t hat ` Abbad bin Shurahbil Al-Ghubari said, "One year we suffered from famine. I came t o Al-Madinah and ent ered a garden. I t ook some grain t hat I cleaned, and at e, t hen I left some of it in my garment . The owner of t he garden came, roughed me up and t ook possession of my garment . I t hen went t o Allah's Messenger and t old him what had happened. He said t o t he man:

ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヨヤｚハ ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ⇔ら͡ビゅ∠シ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔バも͡ ゅ∠ィ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇クま͡ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ» «ゅ⇔ヤワ͡ ゅ∠ィ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇クま͡ . (You have not fed him when he was hungry - or he said st arving - nor have you t aught him if he was ignorant .) The Prophet commanded him t o ret urn ` Abbad's garment t o him, and t o offer him a Wasq (around 180 kilograms) - or a half Wasq - of food This has a sufficient ly st rong chain of narrat ors and t here are many ot her wit nessing narrat ions t o support it , such as t he Hadit h t hat ` Amr bin Shu` ayb narrat ed from his fat her t hat his grandfat her said: Allah's Messenger was asked about t he hanging clust ers of dat es. He said:

グ∃ ガ ͡ わｚ ョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ヘよ͡ る∃ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ェ ヵ͡ク ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ￢∠ ∇ヶセ ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩⇔るレ∠ ∇らカ ⊥ (There is no harm for whoever t akes some of it in his mout h for a necessit y wit hout put t ing it in his garment .) Muqat il bin Hayyan comment ed on:

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ∠ ∇をま͡ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (...t hen t here is no sin on him. Truly, Allah is Of t -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) "For what is eat en out of necessit y.'' Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "Allah is pardoning for what has been eat en of t he unlawful, and Merciful' in t hat He allowed t he prohibit ed during t imes of necessit y.'' Masruq said, "Whoever is in dire need, but does not eat or drink unt il he dies, he will ent er t he Fire.'' This indicat es t hat eat ing dead animals for t hose who are in need of it for survival is not only permissible but required.

ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ Κ⇔Βヤ͡ホ∠ ゅ⇔レヨ∠ を∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤム∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇セや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱぺ⊥ - ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Βあミゴ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇タぺ∠ べ∠ヨプ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ る∠ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤツ ｚ ャや ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ び ギ∃ Β͡バよ∠ ベ ∃ ゅ∠ボセ ͡ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ (174. Verily, t hose who conceal what Allah has sent down of t he Book, and purchase a small gain t herewit h (of worldly t hings), t hey eat int o t heir bellies not hing but fire. Allah will not speak t o t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion, nor purify t hem, and t heirs will be a painful t orment ). (175. Those are t hey who have purchased error at t he price of guidance, and t orment at t he price of forgiveness. So how bold t hey are (for evil deeds which will push t hem) t o t he Fire). (176. That is because Allah has sent down t he Book (t he Qur'an) in t rut h. And verily, t hose who disput ed as regards t he Book are far away in opposit ion).

Criticizing the Jews for concealing what Allah revealed Allah said:

びょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who conceal what Allah has sent down of t he Book.) Meaning t he Jews who concealed t heir Book's descript ions of Muhammad , all of which t est ify t o his t rut h as a Messenger and a Prophet . They concealed t his informat ion so t hat t hey would not lose

aut horit y and t he posit ion t hat t hey had wit h t he Arabs, where t hey would bring t hem gift s, and honor t hem. The cursed Jews feared t hat if t hey announced what t hey know about Muhammad , t hen t he people would abandon t hem and follow him. So t hey hid t he t rut h so t hat t hey may ret ain t he lit t le t hat t hey were get t ing, and t hey sold t heir souls for t his lit t le profit . They preferred t he lit t le t hat t hey gained over guidance and following t he t rut h, believing in t he Messenger and having fait h in what Allah was sent him wit h. Therefore, t hey have profit ed failure and loss in t his life and t he Hereaft er. As for t his world, Allah made t he t rut h about His Messenger known anyway, by t he clear signs and t he unequivocal proofs. Thereaft er, t hose whom t he Jews feared would follow t he Prophet , believed in him and followed him anyway, and so t hey became his support ers against t hem. Thus, t he Jews earned anger on t op of t he wrat h t hat t hey already had earned before, and Allah crit icized t hem again many t imes in His Book. For inst ance, Allah said in t his Ayah (2:174 above):

ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びΚ⇔Βヤ͡ホ∠ ゅ⇔レヨ∠ を∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヱ∠ (Verily, t hose who conceal what Allah has sent down of t he Book, and purchase a small gain t herewit h (of worldly t hings).) meaning, t he j oys and delight s of t his eart hly life. Allah said:

びケ∠ ゅｚレャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺぴ (...t hey eat int o t heir bellies not hing but fire,) meaning, what ever t hey eat in ret urn for hiding t he t rut h, will t urn int o a raging fire in t heir st omachs on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Similarly, Allah said:

ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び や⇔ゲΒ͡バシ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠∇ダΒ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ (Verily, t hose who unj ust ly eat up t he propert y of orphans, t hey eat up only fire int o t heir bellies, and t hey will be burnt in t he blazing Fire!) (4:10) Also, report ed in an aut hent ic Hadit h is t hat Allah's Messenger said:

る͡ ツ ｚ ヘ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ワ∠ グｚ ャや る͡ Β͡ルへ ヶ͡プ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや» «ユｚレヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ル ヮ͡ レ͡ ∇トよ∠ ヶ͡プ ゲ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲイ ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま

(Those who eat or drink in golden or silver plat es are filling t heir st omachs wit h t he fire of Jahannam (Hell).) Allah said:

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Βあミゴ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤム∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ (Allah will not speak t o t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion, nor purify t hem, and t heirs will be a painful t orment .) This is because Allah is furious wit h t hem for concealing t he t rut h. They t hus deserve Allah's anger, so Allah will not look at t hem or purify t hem, meaning t hat He will not praise t hem but will cause t hem t o t ast e a severe t orment . Then, Allah said about t hem:

びン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ る∠ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤツ ｚ ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇セや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (Those are t hey who have purchased error for guidance.) Hence, t hey opposed t he guidance, t hat is, not announcing t he Prophet 's descript ion t hey find in t heir Books, t he news about his prophecy and t he good news of his coming which t he previous Prophet s proclaimed, as well as following and believing in him. Inst ead, t hey preferred misguidance by denying him, rej ect ing him and concealing his descript ions t hat were ment ioned in t heir Books. Allah said:

びり͡ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∠ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (...and t orment at t he price of forgiveness,) meaning, t hey preferred t orment over forgiveness due t o t he sins t hey have commit t ed. Allah t hen said:

びケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇タぺ∠ べ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (So how bold t hey are (for evil deeds which will push t hem) t o t he Fire.) Allah st at es t hat t hey will suffer such severe, painful t orment t hat t hose who see t hem will be amazed at how t hey could bear t he t remendous punishment , t ort ure and pain t hat t hey will suffer. We seek refuge wit h Allah from t his evil end. RAllah's St at ement :

びペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ

(That is because Allah has sent down t he Book (t he Qur'an) in t rut h. ) means, t hey deserve t his painful t orment because Allah has revealed Books t o His Messenger Muhammad , and t he Prophet s before him, and t hese revelat ions bring about t rut h and expose falsehood. Yet , t hey t ook Allah's signs for mockery. Their Books ordered t hem t o announce t he t rut h and t o spread t he knowledge, but inst ead, t hey defied t he knowledge and rej ect ed it . This Final Messenger Muhammad called t hem t o Allah, commanded t hem t o work right eousness and forbade t hem from commit t ing evil. Yet , t hey rej ect ed, denied and defied him and hid t he t rut h t hat t hey knew about him. They, t hus, mocked t he Ayat t hat Allah revealed t o His Messengers, and t his is why t hey deserved t he t orment and t he punishment . This is why Allah said here (2:176):

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ び ギ∃ Β͡バよ∠ ベ ∃ ゅ∠ボセ ͡ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや (That is because Allah has sent down t he Book (t he Qur'an) in t rut h. And verily, t hose who disput ed about t he Book are far away in opposit ion.)

ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ら∠ ホ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇やヲぁャヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ゲｚ ら͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ ゲｚ ら͡ ∇ャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゆ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ メ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ヴ∠ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ リ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや∠ヱ ͡ょ⇒∠わ͡ム∇ャや∠ヱ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘや リ ∠ Β͡ム⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ヱク∠ ヮ͡ らあ ェ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ホゲあ ャや ヶ͡プヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヤも͡ べｚジャや∠ヱ モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ や∠クま͡ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プヲ⊥ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ヴ∠ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや リ ∠ Β͡ェヱ∠ ￢͡ やｚゲツ ｚ ャやヱ ￢͡ べ∠シ∇ほら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ゲよ͡ ゅｚダャや∠ヱ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺヱ∠ やヲ⊥ホギ∠ タ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ サ ͡ ∇ほら∠ ∇ャや び (177. It is not Birr t hat you t urn your faces t owards east and (or) west ; but Birr is t he one who believes in Allah, t he Last Day, t he Angels, t he Book, t he Prophet s and gives his wealt h, in spit e of love for it , t o t he kinsfolk, t o t he orphans, and t o Al-Masakin (t he poor), and t o t he wayfarer, and t o t hose who ask, and t o set servant s free, performs As-Salah (Iqamat -As-Salah), and gives t he Zakah, and who fulfill t heir covenant when t hey make it , and who are pat ient in ext reme povert y and ailment (disease) and at t he t ime of fight ing (during t he bat t les). Such are t he people of t he t rut h and t hey are Al-Mut t aqun (t he pious).)

Al-Birr (Piety, Righteousness) This Ayah cont ains many great wisdoms, encompassing rulings and correct beliefs. As for t he explanat ion of t his Ayah, Allah first commanded t he believers t o face Bayt Al-Maqdis, and t hen t o face t he Ka` bah during t he prayer. This change was difficult for some of t he People of t he Book, and even for some Muslims. Then Allah sent revelat ion which clarified t he wisdom behind t his command, t hat is, obedience t o Allah, adhering t o His commands, facing wherever He commands facing, and implement ing what ever He legislat es, t hat is t he obj ect ive. This is Birr, Taqwa and complet e fait h. Facing t he east or t he west does not necessit at e right eousness or obedience, unless it is legislat ed by Allah. This is why Allah said:

ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ら∠ ホ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇やヲぁャヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ゲｚ ら͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ ゲｚ ら͡ ∇ャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゆ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ びゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘや (It is not Birr t hat you t urn your faces t owards east and (or) west (in prayers); but Birr is t he one who believes in Allah and t he Last Day,) Similarly, Allah said about t he sacrifices:

ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠レΑ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ワぼ⊥ べ∠ョキ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰョ⊥ ヲ⊥エャ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ゅ∠レΑ∠ リ∠ャぴ び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや (It is neit her t heir meat nor t heir blood t hat reaches Allah, but it is t he piet y from you t hat reaches Him.) (22:37) Abu Al-` Aliyah said, "The Jews used t o face t he west for t heir Qiblah, while t he Christ ians used t o face t he east for t heir Qiblah. So Allah said:

ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ら∠ ホ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇やヲぁャヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ゲｚ ら͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ びゆ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (It is not Birr t hat you t urn your faces t owards east and (or) west (in prayers)) (2: 177) meaning, "t his is fait h, and it s essence requires implement at ion.'' Similar was report ed from AlHasan and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas. At h-Thawri recit ed:

びヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ ゲｚ ら͡ ∇ャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but Birr is t he one who believes in Allah,) and said t hat what follows are t he t ypes of Birr. He has said t he t rut h. Cert ainly, t hose who acquire t he qualit ies ment ioned in t he Ayah will have indeed embraced all aspect s of Islam and implement ed all t ypes of right eousness; believing in Allah, t hat He is t he only God wort hy of worship, and believing in t he angels t he emissaries bet ween Allah and His Messengers. The ` Books' are t he Divinely revealed Books from Allah t o t he Prophet s, which were finalized by t he most honorable Book (t he Qur'an). The Qur'an supercedes all previous Books, it ment ions all t ypes of right eousness, and t he way t o happiness in t his life and t he Hereaft er. The Qur'an abrogat es all previous Books and t est fies t o all of Allah's Prophet s, from t he first Prophet t o t he Final Prophet , Muhammad, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon t hem all. Allah's st at ement :

びヮ͡ らあ ェ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ヴ∠ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (...and gives his wealt h, in spit e of love for it ,) refers t o t hose who give money away while desiring it and loving it . It is recorded in t he Sahihayn t hat Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat t he Prophet said:

∀ウΒ͡エ∠タ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ベ ∠ ギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ る͡ ホ∠ギダ ｚ ャや モ ⊥ツ ∠ ∇プぺ∠» «ゲ∇ボヘ∇ャや ヴ∠ゼ∇ガゎ∠ ヱ ヴ∠レピ͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ∩∀ウΒ͡エセ ∠ (The best charit y is when you give it away while st ill healt hy and t hrift y, hoping t o get rich and fearing povert y.) Allah said:

ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡わΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レΒ͡ム∇ジョ͡ ヮ͡ らあ ェ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨバ͡ ∇トΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲル⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヮ͡ ∇ィヲ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヨ⊥ バ͡ ∇トル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - や⇔ゲΒ͡シぺ∠ヱ∠ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ムセ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ (And t hey give food, inspit e of t heir love for it , t o t he Miskin (t he poor), t he orphan, and t he capt ive (saying): "We feed you seeking Allah's Face only. We wish for no reward, nor t hanks from you.'') (76:8, 9) and:

びラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ゅｚヨ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゲｚ ら͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠レゎ∠ リ∠ャぴ (By no means shall you at t ain Birr unless you spend of t hat which you love.) (3:92) Allah's st at ement :

び∀る∠タゅ∠ダ∠カ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡を∇ぽΑ⊥ ∠ヱぴ (...and give t hem preference over t hemselves even t hough t hey were in need of t hat ) (59:9) refers t o a higher cat egory and st at us, as t he people ment ioned here give away what t hey need, while t hose ment ioned in t he previous Ayat give away what t hey covet (but not necessarily need). Allah's st at ement :

びヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ヱク∠ ぴ (t he kinsfolk) refers t o man's relat ives, who have more right s t han anyone else t o one's charit y, as t he Hadit h support s:

ヵ͡ク ヴ∠ヤ∠ハヱ ∩∀るホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ リ ͡ Β͡ミゅ∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る⊥ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや» サ ͡ ゅレｚ ャや ヴ∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩∀る⇒∠ヤタ ͡ ヱ∠ る∀ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ :ラ ͡ ゅ∠わレ∇をや ユ͡ ェ ͡ ゲｚ ャや «マ͡もゅ∠ト∇ハま͡ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ゲあ ら͡ よ͡ ヱ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ (Sadaqah (i. e., charit y) given t o t he poor is a charit y, while t he Sadaqah given t o t he relat ives is bot h Sadaqah and Silah (nurt uring relat ions), for t hey are t he most deserving of you and your kindness and charit y). Allah has commanded kindness t o t he relat ives in many places in t he Qur'an.

びヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (t o t he orphans) The orphans are children who have none t o look aft er t hem, having lost t heir fat hers while t hey are st ill young, weak and unable t o find t heir own sust enance since t hey have not reached t he age of work and adolescence. ` Abdur-Razzaq report ed t hat ` Ali said t hat t he Prophet said:

びリ ⊥ Β͡ム⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ

(and t o Al-Masakin) The Miskin is t he person who does not have enough food, clot hing, or he has no dwelling. So t he Miskin should be grant ed t he provisions t o sust ain him enough so t hat he can acquire his needs. In t he Sahihayn it is recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat Allah's Messenger said:

り⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ヨｚわャや ロぁキゲ⊥ ゎ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや フ ͡ やｚヲト ｚ ャや や∠グヰ͡よ リ ⊥ Β͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠» リ ⊥ Β͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや リ ͡ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ ∩͡ラゅ∠わヨ∠ ∇ボヤぁャやヱ る⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ボヤぁャやヱ ∩͡ラゅ∠ゎゲ∠ ∇ヨわｚ ャやヱ ベ ∠ ギｚ ダ ∠ わ⊥Βプ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ト ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヮΒ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ ヴ ⇔ レ͡ビ ギ⊥ イ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ ヵ͡グャｚや «ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (The Miskin is not t he person who roams around, and whose need is met by one or t wo dat es or one or t wo bit es. Rat her, t he Miskin is he who does not have what is sufficient , and t o whom t he people do not pay at t ent ion and, t hus, do not give him from t he charit y.)

びモ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ͡ ∇よや∠ヱぴ (and t o t he wayfarer) is t he needy t raveler who runs out of money and should, t hus, be grant ed what ever amount t hat helps him t o go back t o his land. Such is t he case wit h whoever int ends t o go on a permissible j ourney, he is given what he needs for his j ourney and back. The guest s are included in t his cat egory. ` Ali bin Abu Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Ibn As-Sabil (wayfarer) is t he guest who is host ed by Muslims.'' Furt hermore, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Abu Ja` far Al-Baqir, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, Az-Zuhri, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and Muqat il bin Hayyan said similarly.

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤも͡ べｚジャや∠ヱぴ (and t o t hose who ask) refers t o t hose who beg people and are t hus given a part of t he Zakah and general charit y.

びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ホゲあ ャや ヶ͡プヱ∠ ぴ (and t o set servant s free) These are t he servant s who seek t o free t hemselves, but cannot find enough money t o buy t heir freedom. We will ment ion several of t hese cat egories and t ypes under t he Tafsir of t he Ayah on Sadaqah in Surat Bara'ah chapt er 9 in t he Qur'an , In sha' Allah. Allah's st at ement :

びり∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ュ∠ ゅ∠ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (performs As-Salah (Iqamat -As-Salah)) means t hose who pray on t ime and give t he prayer it s due right ; t he bowing, prost rat ion, and t he necessary at t ent ion and humbleness required by Allah. Allah's st at ement :

びり∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ヴ∠ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (and gives t he Zakah) means t he required charit y (Zakah) due on one's money, as Sa` id bin Jubayr and Muqat il bin Hayyan have st at ed. Allah's st at ement :

び∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ハ や∠クま͡ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プヲ⊥ヨ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and who fulfill t heir covenant when t hey make it ,) is similar t o:

びペ ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツボ⊥ レ͡Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プヲ⊥Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who fulfill t he covenant of Allah and break not t he Mit haq (bond, t reat y, covenant ).) (13:20) The opposit e of t his charact erist ic is hypocrisy. As found in a Hadit h:

ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ や∠クま∠ヱ ∩∠ゆグ∠ ミ∠ ゐ ∠ ギｚ ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ :∀ゐゅ∠ヤ∠を ペ ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ Α∠ へ» «ラゅ∠カ リ ∠ ヨ͡ わ⊥ ∇もや や∠クま∠ヱ ∩∠ブヤ∠∇カぺ∠ (The signs of a hypocrit e are t hree: if he speaks, he lies; if he promises, he breaks his promise; and if he is ent rust ed, he breaches t he t rust .) In anot her version:

ユ∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠カ や∠クま∠ヱ∩∠ケ∠ギ∠ビ ギ∠ ワ∠ ゅハ ∠ や∠クま∠ヱ ∩∠ゆグ∠ ミ∠ ゐ ∠ ギｚ ェ ∠ や∠クま͡» «ゲ∠イプ∠

(If he speaks, he lies; if he vows, he breaks his vow; and if he disput es, he is lewd.) Allah's st at ement :

リ ∠ Β͡ェヱ∠ ͡￢やｚゲツ ｚ ャやヱ ￢͡ べ∠シ∇ほら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∠リΑ͡ゲ͡よゅｚダャや∠ヱぴ びサ ͡ ∇ほら∠ ∇ャや (. ..and who are pat ient in ext reme povert y and ailment (disease) and at t he t ime of fight ing (during t he bat t les).) means, during t he t ime of meekness and ailment .

びサ ͡ ∇ほら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ Β͡ェヱ∠ ぴ (...and at t he t ime of fight ing (during t he bat t les).) means on t he bat t lefield while facing t he enemy, as Ibn Mas` ud, Ibn ` Abbas, Abu Al-` Aliyah, Murrah Al-Hamdani, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, As-Suddi, Muqat il bin Hayyan, Abu Malik, AdDahhak and ot hers have st at ed. And calling t hem t he pat ient here, is a form of praise, because of t he import ance of pat ience in t hese circumst ances, and t he suffering and difficult ies t hat accompany t hem. And Allah knows best , it is He Whom help is sought from, and upon Him we rely. Allah's st at ement :

びやヲ⊥ホギ∠ タ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺぴ (Such are t he people of t he t rut h) means, whoever acquires t hese qualit ies, t hese are t rut hful in t heir fait h. This is because t hey have achieved fait h in t he heart and realized it in deed and upon t he t ongue. So t hey are t he t rut hful,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey are Al-Mut t aqun (t he pious).) because t hey avoided t he prohibit ions and performed t he act s of obedience.

ヶ͡プ ソ ⊥ ゅ∠ダボ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒Αぴ ヴ∠ん∇ルΙ ｙ ゅよ͡ ヴ∠んルｙΙや∠ヱ ギ͡ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ギ⊥ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ あゲエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ぁゲエ ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∇わ∠ボ∇ャや フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ネゅ∠らゎあ ゅ∠プ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ ∠ ヘ͡ ハ ⊥ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠

∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∀ブΒ͡ヘ∇ガ∠ゎ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ ∃ ⇒∠ジ∇ェみ͡よ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∀￢へ∠キぺ∠ヱ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ン∠ギわ∠ ∇ハや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΙや ヶ͡ャヱ⊥ほΑ ∀りヲ∠Βェ ∠ ソ ͡ ゅ∠ダボ͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ び-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ (178. O you who believe! Al-Qisas (t he Law of equalit y) is prescribed for you in case of murder: t he free for t he free, t he slave for t he slave, and t he female for t he female. But if t he killer is forgiven by t he brot her (or t he relat ives) of t he killed (against blood money), t hen it should be sought in a good manner, and paid t o him respect fully. This is an alleviat ion and a mercy from your Lord. So aft er t his, whoever t ransgresses t he limit s (i.e. kills t he killer aft er t aking t he blood money), he shall have a painful t orment .) (179. And t here is (a saving of) life for you in Al-Qisas (t he Law of equalit y in punishment ), O men of underst anding, t hat you may acquire Taqwa.)

The Command and the Wisdom behind the Law of Equality Allah st at es: O believers! The Law of equalit y has been ordained on you (for cases of murder), t he free for t he free, t he slave for t he slave and t he female for t he female. Therefore, do not t ransgress t he set limit s, as ot hers before you t ransgressed t hem, and t hus changed what Allah has ordained for t hem. The reason behind t his st at ement is t hat (t he Jewish t ribe of) Banu AnNadir invaded Qurayzah (anot her Jewish t ribe) during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah (before Islam) and defeat ed t hem. Hence, (t hey made it a law t hat ) when a person from Nadir kills a person from Quraizah, he is not killed in ret aliat ion, but only pays a hundred Wasq of dat es. However, when a person from Quraizah kills a Nadir man, he would be killed for him. If Nadir want ed (t o forfeit t he execut ion of t he murderer and inst ead require him) t o pay a ransom, t he Quraizah man pays t wo hundred Wasq of dat es double t he amount Nadir pays in Diyah (blood money) . So Allah commanded t hat j ust ice be observed regarding t he penal code, and t hat t he pat h of t he misguided and mischievous persons be avoided, who in disbelief and t ransgression, defy and alt er what Allah has commanded t hem. Allah said:

あゲエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ぁゲエ ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∇わ∠ボ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ソ ⊥ ゅ∠ダボ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ぴ びヴ∠ん∇ルΙ ｙ ゅ͡よ ヴ∠んルｙΙや∠ヱ ギ͡ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ギ⊥ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (Al-Qisas (t he Law of equalit y in punishment ) is prescribed for you in case of murder: t he free for t he free, t he slave for t he slave, and t he female for t he female.) Allah's st at ement :

びヴ∠ん∇ルΙ ｙ ゅよ͡ ヴ∠んルｙΙや∠ヱ ギ͡ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ギ⊥ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ あゲエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ぁゲエ ⊥ ∇ャやぴ (t he free for t he free, t he slave for t he slave, and t he female for t he female.) was abrogat ed by t he st at ement life for life (5:45). However, t he maj orit y of scholars agree t hat t he Muslim is not killed for a disbeliever whom he kills. Al- Bukhari report ed t hat ` Ali narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said:

«ゲ͡プゅ∠ムよ͡ ∀ユ͡ヤ∇ジョ⊥ モ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ » (The Muslim is not killed for t he disbeliever (whom he kills).) No opinion t hat opposes t his ruling could st and correct , nor is t here an aut hent ic Hadit h t o cont radict it . However, Abu Hanifah t hought t hat t he Muslim could be killed for a disbeliever, following t he general meaning of t he Ayah (5:45) in Surat Al-Ma'idah (chapt er 5 in t he Qur'an). The Four Imams (Abu Hanifah, Malik, Shafi` i and Ahmad) and t he maj orit y of scholars st at ed t hat t he group is killed for one person whom t hey murder. ` Umar said, about a boy who was killed by seven men, "If all t he resident s of San` a' (capit al of Yemen t oday) collaborat ed on killing him, I would kill t hem all.'' No opposing opinion was known by t he Companions during t hat t ime which const it ut es a near Ij ma` (consensus). There is an opinion at t ribut ed t o Imam Ahmad t hat a group of people is not killed for one person whom t hey kill, and t hat only one person is killed for one person. Ibn Al-Mundhir also at t ribut ed t his opinion t o Mu` adh, Ibn AzZubayr, ` Abdul-Malik bin Marwan, Az-Zuhri, Ibn Sirin and Habib bin Abu Thabit . Allah's st at ement :

フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ネゅ∠らゎあ ゅ∠プ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ ∠ ヘ͡ ハ ⊥ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ びリ ∃ ⇒∠ジ∇ェみ͡よ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∀￢へ∠キぺ∠ヱ∠ (But if t he killer is forgiven by t he brot her (or t he relat ives) of t he killed (against blood money), t hen it should be sought in a good manner, and paid t o him respect fully.) refers t o accept ing blood money (by t he relat ives of t he vict im in ret urn for pardoning t he killer) in cases of int ent ional murder. This opinion is at t ribut ed t o Abu Al-` Aliyah, Abu Sha` t ha', Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` At a' Al-Hasan, Qat adah and Muqat il bin Hayyan. Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said:

び∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ ∠ ヘ͡ ハ ⊥ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (But if t he killer is forgiven by t he brot her (or t he relat ives) of t he killed (against blood money)) means t he killer is pardoned by his brot her (i.e., t he relat ive of t he vict im) and accept ing t he Diyah aft er capit al punishment becomes due (against t he killer), t his is t he ` Afw (pardon ment ioned in t he Ayah).'' Allah's st at ement :

びフ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ネゅ∠らゎあ ゅ∠プぴ (...t hen it should be sought in a good manner,) means, when t he relat ive agrees t o t ake t he blood money, he should collect his right ful dues wit h kindness:

びリ ∃ ⇒∠ジ∇ェみ͡よ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∀￢へ∠キぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ( and paid t o him respect fully.) means, t he killer should accept t he t erms of set t lement wit hout causing furt her harm or resist ing t he payment . Allah's st at ement :

びる∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∀ブΒ͡ヘ∇ガ∠ゎ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (This is an alleviat ion and a mercy from your Lord.) means t he legislat ion t hat allows you t o accept t he blood money for int ent ional murder is an alleviat ion and a mercy from your Lord. It light ens what was required from t hose who were before you, eit her applying capit al punishment or forgiving. Sa` id bin Mansur report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Children of Israel were required t o apply t he Law of equalit y in murder cases and were not allowed t o offer pardons (in ret urn for blood money). Allah said t o t his Ummah (t he Muslim nat ion):

あゲエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ぁゲエ ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∇わ∠ボ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ソ ⊥ ゅ∠ダボ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ぴ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ ∠ ヘ͡ ハ ⊥ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ヴ∠ん∇ルΙ ｙ ゅ͡よ ヴ∠んルｙΙや∠ヱ ギ͡ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ギ⊥ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ び∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ (The Law of equalit y in punishment is prescribed for you in case of murder: t he free for t he free, t he servant for t he servant , and t he female for t he female. But if t he killer is forgiven by t he brot her (or t he relat ives) of t he killed (against blood money),) Hence, ` pardoning' or ` forgiving' means accept ing blood money in int ent ional murder cases.'' Ibn Hibban also recorded t his in his Sahih. Qat adah said:

び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∀ブΒ͡ヘ∇ガ∠ゎ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (This is an alleviat ion from your Lord)

Allah had mercy on t his Ummah by giving t hem t he Diyah which was not allowed for any nat ion before it . The People of t he Torah (Jews) were allowed t o eit her apply t he penal code (for murder, i.e., execut ion) or t o pardon t he killer, but t hey were not allowed t o t ake blood money. The People of t he Inj il (t he Gospel - t he Christ ians) were required t o pardon (t he killer, but no Diyah was legislat ed). This Ummah (Muslims) is allowed t o apply t he penal code (execut ion) or t o pardon and accept t he blood money.'' Similar was report ed from Sa` id bin Jubayr, Muqat il bin Hayyan and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas. Allah's st at ement :

び∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ン∠ギわ∠ ∇ハや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So aft er t his whoever t ransgresses t he limit s, he shall have a painful t orment .) means, t hose who kill in ret aliat ion aft er t aking t he Diyah or accept ing it , t hey will suffer a painful and severe t orment from Allah. The same was report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` At a' ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, As-Suddi and Muqat il bin Hayyan.

The Benefits and Wisdom of the Law of Equality Allah's st at ement :

び∀りヲ∠Βェ ∠ ソ ͡ ゅ∠ダボ͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t here is life for you in Al-Qisas) legislat ing t he Law of equalit y, i.e., killing t he murderer, carries great benefit s for you. This way, t he sanct it y of life will be preserved because t he killer will refrain from killing, as he will be cert ain t hat if he kills, he would be killed. Hence life will be preserved. In previous Books, t here is a st at ement t hat killing st ops furt her killing! This meaning came in much clearer and eloquent t erms in t he Qur'an:

び∀りヲ∠Βェ ∠ ソ ͡ ゅ∠ダボ͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t here is (a saving of) life for you in Al-Qisas (t he Law of equalit y in punishment ).) Abu Al-` Aliyah said, "Allah made t he Law of equalit y a ` life'. Hence, how many a man who t hought about killing, but t his Law prevent ed him from killing for fear t hat he will be killed in t urn.'' Similar st at ement s were report ed from Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Abu Malik, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and Muqat il bin Hayyan. Allah's st at ement :

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ ∠ や ヶ͡ャヱ⊥ほΑぴ (O men of underst anding, t hat you may acquire Taqwa.) means, ` O you who have sound minds, comprehension and underst anding! Perhaps by t his you will be compelled t o refrain from

t ransgressing t he prohibit ions of Allah and what He considers sinful. ' Taqwa (ment ioned in t he Ayah) is a word t hat means doing all act s of obedience and refraining from all prohibit ions.

ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡ま れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ツ ∠ ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ぴ ゅボ６ ェ ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ∠ Β͡よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘ や∠ヱ リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ る⊥ Βｚ タ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇をま͡ べ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ゅ∠ョギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ギｚ よ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ リ͡ョ フ ∠ ゅ∠カ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ャギあ ら∠ Α⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ∠ ∇をま͡ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇タほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヘレ∠ ィ ∠ ソ ∃ ヲぁョ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ (180. It is prescribed for you, when deat h approaches any of you, if he leaves wealt h, t hat he makes a bequest t o parent s and next of kin, according t o reasonable manners. (This is) a dut y upon Al-Mut t aqin (t he pious).) (181. Then whoever changes it aft er hearing it , t he sin shall be on t hose who make t he change. Truly, Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower.) (182. But he who fears from a t est at or some unj ust act or wrongdoing, and t hereupon he makes peace bet ween t he part ies concerned, t here shall be no sin on him. Cert ainly, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

Including Parents and Relatives in the Will was later abrogated This Ayah cont ains t he command t o include parent s and relat ives in t he will, which was obligat ory, according t o t he most correct view, before t he Ayah about inherit ance was revealed. When t he Ayah of inherit ance was revealed, t his Ayah was abrogat ed, so fixed shares of t he inherit ance for deserving recipient s were legislat ed by Allah. Therefore, deserving inherit ors t ake t heir fixed inherit ance wit hout t he need t o be included in t he will or t o be reminded of t he favor of t he inherit ed person. For t his reason we see t he Hadit h narrat ed in t he Sunan and ot her books t hat ` Amr bin Kharij ah said: I heard Allah's Messenger saying in a speech:

る∠ ⇒⇒ｚΒタ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩⊥ヮボｚ ェ ∠ ペ ∠ェ ∠ ヵ͡ク ｚモミ⊥ ヴ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» «ゐ͡ケや∠ヲャ͡

(Allah has given each heir his fixed share. So t here is no will for a deserving heir.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Muhammad bin Sirin said: Ibn ` Abbas recit ed Surat Al-Baqarah (chapt er 2 in t he Qur'an) unt il he reached t he Ayah:

びリ ∠ Β͡よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘ や∠ヱ リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ る⊥ Βｚ タ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ (...if he leaves wealt h, t hat he makes a bequest t o parent s and next of kin.) He t hen said, "This Ayah was abrogat ed.'' This was recorded by Sa` id bin Mansur and Al-Hakim in his Must adrak Al-Hakim Said, "It is Sahih according t o t heir crit eria (Al-Bukhari and Muslim)''. Ibn Abu Hat im report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Allah's st at ement :

びリ ∠ Βよ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘ や∠ヱ リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ る⊥ Βｚ タ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャやぴ (a bequest t o parent s and next of kin) was abrogat ed by t he Ayah:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ラ ͡ ギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ょ͡Βダ∠ル メ ͡ ゅ∠ィゲあ ヤあャぴ ゅｚヨョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ラ ͡ ギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ル ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ヤ͡ャヱ∠ び ゅ⇔ッヱ⊥ゲ∇ヘョｚ ゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ ゲ∠ ん⊥ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ｚ ホ∠ (There is a share for men and a share for women from what is left by parent s and t hose nearest relat ed, whet her t he propert y be small or large a legal share.) (4:7) Ibn Abu Hat im t hen said, "It was report ed from Ibn ` Umar, Abu Musa, Sa` id bin Musayyib, AlHasan, Muj ahid, ` At a' Sa` id bin Jubayr, Muhammad bin Sirin, ` Ikrimah, Zayd bin Aslam and ArRabi` bin Anas. Qat adah, As-Suddi, Muqat il bin Hayyan, Tawus, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Shurayh, Ad-Dahhak and Az-Zuhri said t hat t his Ayah (2:180 above) was abrogat ed by t he Ayah about t he inherit ors (4:7).''

The Will for the Relatives that do not qualify as Inheritors It is recommended t hat t he remaining relat ives who do not have a designat ed fixed share of t he inherit ance, be willed up t o a t hird, due t o t he general meaning of t he Ayah about t he will. It is recorded in t he Sahihayn t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat Allah's Messenger said:

ヮΒ͡プ ヶ͡タヲ⊥Α ∀￢∇ヶ∠セ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ユ∃ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや ペ ぁェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ» «ロ∠ギ∇レハ ͡ ∀るよ∠ ヲ⊥わ∇ムョ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ Βｚ タ ͡ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚャま リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡らΑ∠ (It is not permissible for any Muslim who has somet hing t o will t o st ay for t wo night s wit hout having his last will and t est ament writ t en and kept ready wit h him.) Ibn ` Umar comment ed, "Ever since I heard t his st at ement from Allah's Messenger , no night has passed, but my will is kept ready wit h me.'' There are many ot her Ayat and Ahadit h ordering kindness and generosit y t o one's relat ives.

The Will should observe Justice The will should be fair, in t hat one designat es a part of t he inherit ance t o his relat ives wit hout commit t ing inj ust ice against his qualified inherit ors and wit hout ext ravagance or st inginess. It is recorded in t he Sahihayn t hat Sa` d bin Abu Waqqas said, "O Allah's Messenger! I have some money and only a daught er inherit s from me, should I will all my remaining propert y (t o ot hers)'' He said, "No.'' Sa` d said, "Then may I will half of it '' He said, "No.'' Sa` d said, "Onet hird'' He said, "Yes, one-t hird, yet even one-t hird is t oo much. It is bet t er for you t o leave your inherit ors wealt hy t han t o leave t hem poor, begging from ot hers.'' Al-Bukhari ment ioned in his Sahih t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "I recommend t hat people reduce t he proport ion of what t hey bequeat h by will t o a fourt h (of t he whole legacy) rat her t han a t hird, for Allah's Messenger said:

«ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ゑ ⊥ ヤ⊥ぁんャや∠ヱ ゑ ⊥ ヤ⊥ぁんャや» (One-t hird, yet even one-t hird is t oo much.)'' Allah's st at ement :

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇をま͡ べ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ゅ∠ョギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ギｚ よ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ャギあ ら∠ Α⊥ (Then whoever changes it aft er hearing it , t he sin shall be on t hose who make t he change. Truly, Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower.) means, whoever changed t he will and t est ament or alt ered it by addit ion or delet ion, including hiding t he will as is obvious, t hen

びヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ャギあ ら∠ Α⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇をま͡ べ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プぴ (t he sin shall be on t hose who make t he change. )

Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers said, "The dead person's reward will be preserved for him by Allah, while t he sin is acquired by t hose who change t he will.''

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower.) means, Allah knows what t he dead person has bequeat hed and what t he beneficiaries (or ot hers) have changed in t he will. Allah's st at ement :

びゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヘレ∠ ィ ∠ ソ ∃ ヲぁョ リ͡ョ フ ∠ ゅ∠カ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (But he who fears from a t est at or some unj ust act or wrongdoing,) Ibn ` Abbas, Abu Al-` Aliyah, Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and As-Suddi said, "Error.'' These errors include such cases as when t he inherit or indirect ly acquires more t han his fair share, such as by being allocat ed t hat a cert ain it em ment ioned in t he legacy be sold t o him. Or, t he t est at or might include his daught er's son in t he legacy t o increase his daught er's share in t he inherit ance, and so fort h. Such errors might occur out of t he kindness of t he heart wit hout t hinking about t he consequences of t hese act ions, or by sinful int ent ion. In such cases, t he execut ive of t he will and t est ament is allowed t o correct t he errors and t o replace t he unj ust it ems in t he will wit h a bet t er solut ion, so t hat bot h t he Islamic law and what t he dead person had wished for are respect ed and observed. This act would not const it ut e an alt erat ion in t he will and t his is why Allah ment ioned it specifically, so t hat it is excluded from t he prohibit ion (t hat prohibit s alt ering t he will and t est ament ) ment ioned in t he previous Ayah. And Allah knows best .

The Virtue of Fairness in the Will ` Abdur-Razzaq report ed t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat Allah's Messenger said:

リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ͡ ヨ∠ バ∠ よ͡ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ ャ∠ モ ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» ヮ∠ャ ユ⊥ わ∠ ∇ガΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ヮわ͡ Βｚ タ ͡ ヱ∠ ヶ͡プ フ ∠ ゅ∠ェ ヴ∠タ∇ヱぺ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩⇔るレ∠ シ ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ ャ∠ モ ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ .ケ∠ ゅｚレャや モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ヮヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ゲあ ゼ ∠ よ͡ ∩͡ヮわ͡ Βｚ タ ͡ ヱ∠ ヶ͡プ メ ⊥ ギ͡ ∇バΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⇔るレ∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ゲあ ゼ ｚ ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ͡ ヨ∠ バ∠ よ͡ «る⇒⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ヮヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ユ⊥ わ∠ ∇ガΒ⊥ プ∠

(A man might perform t he works of right eous people for sevent y years, but when he dict at es his will, he commit s inj ust ice and t hus his works end wit h t he worst of his deeds and he ent ers t he Fire. A man might perform t he works of evil people for sevent y years, but t hen dict at es a j ust will and t hus ends wit h t he best of his deeds and t hen ent ers Paradise.) Abu Hurayrah t hen said, "Read if you wish:

びゅ∠ワヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ⊥ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ (These are t he limit s ordained by Allah, so do not t ransgress t hem.)'' (2:229)

ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠Βダ あ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ツΑ͡ゲョｚ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨプ∠ れ ∃ キ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇バョｚ ゅ⇔ョゅｚΑぺ∠ぴ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ボΒ͡トΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ゲ∠ カ ∠ ぺ⊥ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ∇リョあ り∀ ギｚ バ͡ プ∠ ゲ∃ ヘ∠ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ネ ∠ ヲｚ ト ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ リ ∃ Β͡ム∇ジョ͡ ュ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ る∀ Α∠ ∇ギプ͡ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇やヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ダゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ (183. O you who believe! Fast ing is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for t hose before you, t hat you may acquire Taqwa.) (184. Fast for a fixed number of days, but if any of you is ill or on a j ourney, t he same number (should be made up) from ot her days. And as for t hose who can fast wit h difficult y, (e.g., an old man), t hey have (a choice eit her t o fast or) t o feed a Miskin (poor person) (for every day). But whoever does good of his own accord, it is bet t er for him. And t hat you fast is bet t er for you if only you know.)

The Order to Fast In an address t o t he believers of t his Ummah, Allah ordered t hem t o fast , t hat is, t o abst ain from food, drink and sexual act ivit y wit h t he int ent ion of doing so sincerely for Allah t he Exalt ed alone. This is because fast ing purifies t he souls and cleanses t hem from t he evil t hat might mix wit h t hem and t heir ill behavior. Allah ment ioned t hat He has ordained fast ing for Muslims j ust as He ordained it for t hose before t hem, t hey being an example for t hem in t hat , so t hey should vigorously perform t his obligat ion more obedient ly t han t he previous nat ions. Similarly, Allah said:

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔イ⇒∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ハ ∠ ∇ゲセ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ｙモム⊥ ャ͡ぴ ユ⊥ム⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ あャ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ びれ ͡ や∠ゲ∇Βガ ∠ ャや やヲ⊥ボら͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ (To each among you, We have prescribed a law and a clear way. If Allah had willed, He would have made you one nat ion, but t hat (He) may t est you in what He has given you; so compet e in good deeds.) (5:48) Allah said in t his Ayah:

ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠Βダ あ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (O you who believe! Fast ing is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for t hose before you, t hat you may have Taqwa).) since t he fast cleanses t he body and narrows t he pat hs of Shayt an. In t he Sahihayn t he following Hadit h was recorded:

り∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ら∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ネ ∠ ゅ∠トわ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠らゼ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バョ∠ ゅ∠Α» ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ノ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ァヱｚ ゴ∠ ⇒∠わΒ∇ヤプ∠ «￢ゅ∠ィヱ͡ .(O young people! Whoever amongst you can afford marriage, let him marry. Whoever cannot afford it , let him fast , for it will be a shield for him.) Allah t hen st at es t hat t he fast occurs during a fixed number of days, so t hat it does not become hard on t he heart s, t hereby weakening t heir resolve and endurance.)

The various Stages of Fasting Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "(The day of) ` Ashura' was a day of fast ing. When t he obligat ion t o fast Ramadan was revealed, t hose who wished fast ed, and t hose who wished did not .'' Al-Bukhari recorded t he same from Ibn ` Umar and Ibn Mas` ud. Allah said:

びリ ∃ Β͡ム∇ジョ͡ ュ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ る∀ Α∠ ∇ギプ͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ボΒ͡トΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (...t hose who can fast wit h difficult y, (e.g., an old man), t hey have (a choice eit her t o fast or) t o feed a Miskin (poor person) (for every day).) Mu` adh comment ed, "In t he beginning, t hose who wished, fast ed and t hose who wished, did not fast and fed a poor person for each day.'' Al- Bukhari recorded Salamah bin Al-Akwa` saying t hat when t he Ayah:

びリ ∃ Β͡ム∇ジョ͡ ュ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ る∀ Α∠ ∇ギプ͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ボΒ͡トΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (...t hose who can fast wit h difficult y, (e.g., an old man), t hey have (a choice eit her t o fast or) t o feed a Miskin (poor person) (for every day).) was revealed, t hose who did not wish t o fast , used t o pay t he Fidyah (feeding a poor person for each day t hey did not fast ) unt il t he following Ayah (2:185) was revealed abrogat ing t he previous Ayah. It was also report ed from ` Ubaydullah from Nafi` t hat Ibn ` Umar said; "It was abrogat ed.'' As-Suddi report ed t hat Murrah narrat ed t hat ` Abdullah said about t his Ayah:

びリ ∃ Β͡ム∇ジョ͡ ュ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ る∀ Α∠ ∇ギプ͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ボΒ͡トΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (t hose who can fast wit h difficult y, (e.g., an old man), t hey have (a choice eit her t o fast or) t o feed a Miskin (poor person) (for every day).) "It means ` t hose who find it difficult (t o fast ).' Formerly, t hose who wished, fast ed and t hose who wished, did not but fed a poor person inst ead.'' Allah t hen said:

びや⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ネ ∠ ヲｚ ト ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (But whoever does good of his own accord) meaning whoever fed an ext ra poor person,

び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇やヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ダゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (it is bet t er for him. And t hat you fast is bet t er for you) Lat er t he Ayah:

びヮ⊥ ∇ヨダ ⊥ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ヰゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ レ͡ョ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (So whoever of you sight s (t he crescent on t he first night of) t he mont h (of Ramadan, i.e., is present at his home), he must observe Sawm (fast ing) t hat mont h) (2:185) was revealed and t his abrogat ed t he previous Ayah (2:184).

The Fidyah (Expiation) for breaking the Fast is for the Old and the Ailing Al-Bukhari report ed t hat ` At a heard Ibn ` Abbas recit e:

びリ ∃ Β͡ム∇ジョ͡ ュ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ る∀ Α∠ ∇ギプ͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ボΒ͡トΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (And as for t hose who can fast wit h difficult y, (e.g., an old man), t hey have (a choice eit her t o fast or) t o feed a Miskin (poor person) (for every day).) Ibn ` Abbas t hen comment ed, "(This Ayah) was not abrogat ed, it is for t he old man and t he old woman who are able t o fast wit h difficult y, but choose inst ead t o feed a poor person for every day (t hey do not fast ).'' Ot hers report ed t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr ment ioned t his from Ibn ` Abbas. So t he abrogat ion here applies t o t he healt hy person, who is not t raveling and who has t o fast , as Allah said:

びヮ⊥ ∇ヨダ ⊥ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ヰゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ レ͡ョ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (So whoever of you sight s (t he crescent on t he first night of) t he mont h (of Ramadan, i.e., is present at his home), he must observe Sawm (fast ing) t hat mont h.) (2:185) As for t he old man (and woman) who cannot fast , he is allowed t o abst ain from fast ing and does not have t o fast anot her day inst ead, because he is not likely t o improve and be able t o fast ot her days. So he is required t o pay a Fidyah for every day missed. This is t he opinion of Ibn ` Abbas and several ot hers among t he Salaf who read t he Ayah:

びヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ボΒ͡トΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (And as for t hose who can fast wit h difficult y, (e.g., an old man)) t o mean t hose who find it difficult t o fast as Ibn Mas` ud st at ed. This is also t he opinion of Al-Bukhari who said, "As for t he old man (person) who cannot fast , (he should do like) Anas who, for one or t wo years aft er he became old fed some bread and meat t o a poor person for each day he did not fast .'' This point , which Al-Bukhari at t ribut ed t o Anas wit hout a chain of narrat ors, was collect ed wit h a cont inuous chain of narrat ors by Abu Ya` la Mawsuli in his Musnad, t hat Ayyub bin Abu Tamimah said; "Anas could no longer fast . So he made a plat e of Tharid (brot h, bread and meat ) and invit ed t hirt y poor persons and fed t hem.'' The same ruling applies for t he pregnant and breast -feeding women if t hey fear for t hemselves or t heir children or fet uses. In t his case, t hey pay t he Fidyah and do not have t o fast ot her days in place of t he days t hat t hey missed.

ン⇔ギワ⊥ ラ ⊥ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ Β͡プ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ン͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ツョ∠ ケ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ヰセ ∠ぴ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ホ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∃ろ⇒∠レΒあ ∠よ∠ヱ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤあャ

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ツΑ͡ゲョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ヨダ ⊥ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ヰゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ レ͡ョ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ジΒ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゲ∠ カ ∠ ぺ⊥ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ∇リョあ り∀ ギｚ バ͡ プ∠ ゲ∃ ヘ∠ シ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲらあ ム∠ わ⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ り∠ ギｚ バ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ∇ムわ⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ジバ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ よ͡ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ギワ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (185. The mont h of Ramadan in which was revealed t he Qur'an, a guidance for mankind and clear proofs for t he guidance and t he crit erion (bet ween right and wrong). So whoever of you sight s (t he crescent on t he first night of) t he mont h (of Ramadan, i.e., is present at his home), he must observe Sawm (fast ing) t hat mont h, and whoever is ill or on a j ourney, t he same number of days which one did not observe Sawm (fast ing) must be made up from ot her days. Allah int ends for you ease, and He does not want t o make t hings difficult for you. (He want s t hat you) must complet e t he same number (of days), and t hat you must magnify Allah i.e., t o say Takbir (Allahu Akbar: Allah is t he Most Great ) for having guided you so t hat you may be grat eful t o Him.)

The Virtue of Ramadan and the Revelation of the Qur'an in it. Allah praised t he mont h of Ramadan out of t he ot her mont hs by choosing it t o send down t he Glorious Qur'an, j ust as He did for all of t he Divine Books He revealed t o t he Prophet s. Imam Ahmad report ed Wat hilah bin Al-Asqa` t hat Allah's Messenger said:

∇リョ͡ る∃ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ メ ͡ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ヶ͡プ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ブ ⊥ エ ⊥タ ⊥ ∇ろャ∠ゴ͡ ∇ルぺ⊥» ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ ∇Βツ ∠ ョ∠ ろ ∠ ジ ͡ ャ͡ り⊥ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゴ͡ ∇ルぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩∠ラゅ∠ツョ∠ ケ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∠りゲ∠ゼ∠ハ ゐ ∠ Κ∠んャ͡ モ ⊥ Β͡イ∇ルみ͡∇ャや∠ヱ ∩∠ラゅ∠ツョ∠ ケ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲ∇ゼハ ͡ ヱ∠ ノ∃ よ∠ ∇ケΕ ∠ ラ ∠ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ぶ ⊥ や メ ∠ ゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ラゅ∠ツョ∠ ケ∠ «ラゅ∠ツョ∠ ケ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ (The Suhuf (Pages) of Ibrahim were revealed during t he first night of Ramadan. The Torah was revealed during t he sixt h night of Ramadan. The Inj il was revealed during t he t hirt eent h night of Ramadan. Allah revealed t he Qur'an on t he t went y-fourt h night of Ramadan.)

The Virtues of the Qur'an Allah said:

び͡ラゅ∠ホ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∃ろ⇒∠レΒあ ∠よ∠ヱ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤあャ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ぴ (...a guidance for mankind and clear proofs for t he guidance and t he crit erion (bet ween right and wrong).) Here Allah praised t he Qur'an, which He revealed as guidance for t he heart s of t hose who believe in it and adhere t o it s commands. Allah said:

び∃ろ⇒∠レΒあ ∠よ∠ヱぴ (and clear proofs) meaning, as clear and unambiguous signs and unequivocal proof for t hose who underst and t hem. These proofs t est ify t o t he t rut h of t he Qur'an, it s guidance, t he opposit e of misguidance, and how it guides t o t he st raight pat h, t he opposit e of t he wrong pat h, and t he dist inct ion bet ween t he t rut h and falsehood, and t he permissible and t he prohibit ed.

The Obligation of Fasting Ramadan Allah said:

びヮ⊥ ∇ヨダ ⊥ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ヰゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ レ͡ョ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (So whoever of you sight s (t he crescent on t he first night of) t he mont h (of Ramadan, i.e., is present at his home), he must observe Sawm (fast ing) t hat mont h.) This Ayah requires t he healt hy persons who wit ness t he beginning of t he mont h, while residing in t heir land, t o fast t he mont h. This Ayah abrogat ed t he Ayah t hat allows a choice of fast ing or paying t he Fidyah. When Allah ordered fast ing, He again ment ioned t he permission for t he ill person and t he t raveler t o break t he fast and t o fast ot her days inst ead as compensat ion. Allah said:

ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ∇リョあ り∀ ギｚ バ͡ プ∠ ゲ∃ ヘ∠ シ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ツΑ͡ゲョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びゲ∠ カ ∠ ぺ⊥ (...and whoever is ill or on a j ourney, t he same number of days which one did not observe Sawm (fast ing) must be made up from ot her days.)

This Ayah indicat es t hat ill persons who are unable t o fast or fear harm by fast ing, and t he t raveler, are all allowed t o break t he fast . When one does not fast in t his case, he is obliged t o fast ot her days inst ead. Allah said:

びゲ∠ ∇ジバ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ よ͡ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ジΒ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ぴ (Allah int ends for you ease, and He does not want t o make t hings difficult for you.) This Ayah indicat es t hat Allah allowed such persons, out of His mercy and t o make mat t ers easy for t hem, t o break t he fast when t hey are ill or t raveling, while t he fast is st ill obligat ory on t he healt hy persons who are not t raveling.

Several Rulings concerning the Fast The aut hent ic Sunnah st at es t hat Allah's Messenger t raveled during t he mont h of Ramadan for t he bat t le for Makkah. The Prophet marched unt il he reached t he area of Kadid and t hen broke his fast and ordered t hose who were wit h him t o do likewise. This was recorded in t he Two Sahihs. Breaking t he fast ment ioned in t his Hadit h was not required, for t he Companions used t o go out wit h Allah's Messenger during t he mont h of Ramadan, t hen, some of t hem would fast while some of t hem would not fast and neit her cat egory would crit icize t he ot hers. If t he command ment ioned in t he Hadit h required breaking t he fast , t he Prophet would have crit icized t hose who fast ed. Allah's Messenger himself somet imes fast ed while t raveling. For inst ance, it is report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat Abu Ad-Darda' said, "We once went wit h Allah's Messenger during Ramadan while t he heat was int ense. One of us would place his hand on his head because of t he int ense heat . Only Allah's Messenger and ` Abdullah bin Rawahah were fast ing at t hat t ime.'' We should st at e t hat observing t he permission t o break t he fast while t raveling is bet t er, as Allah's Messenger said about fast ing while t raveling:

«ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠タ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀リ∠ジ∠エ∠プ ゲ∠ ト ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » (Those who did not fast have done good, and t here is no harm for t hose who fast ed.) In anot her Hadit h, t he Prophet said:

«ユ⊥ムャ∠ ゾ ∠ カ あ ケ⊥ ヶ͡わャｚや ぶ ͡ や る͡ ダ ∠ ∇カゲ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠» (Hold t o Allah's permission t hat He has grant ed you.) Some scholars say t hat t he t wo act ions are t he same, as ` A'ishah narrat ed t hat Hamzah bin ` Amr Al-Aslami said, "O Messenger of Allah! I fast a lot , should I fast while t raveling'' The Prophet said:

«ゲ͡ト∇プほ∠プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩∇ユダ ⊥ プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ラま͡» (Fast if you wish or do not fast if you wish.) This Hadit h is in t he Two Sahihs. It was report ed t hat if t he fast becomes difficult (while t raveling), t hen breaking t he fast is bet t er. Jabir said t hat Allah's Messenger saw a man who was being shaded (by ot her people while t raveling). The Prophet asked about him and he was t old t hat man was fast ing. The Prophet said:

«ゲ∠ヘジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ュ⊥ ゅ∠Βダ あ ャや ゲあ ら͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠» (It is not a part of Birr (piet y) t o fast while t raveling.) This was recorded by Al-Bukhari and Muslim. As for t hose who ignore t he Sunnah and believe in t heir heart s t hat breaking t he fast while t raveling is disliked, t hey are required t o break t he fast and are not allowed t o fast . As for making up for missed fast ing days, it is not required t o be consecut ive. One may do so consecut ively or not consecut ively. There are ample proofs t o t his fact . We should ment ion t hat fast ing consecut ive days is only required exclusively during Ramadan. Aft er t he mont h of Ramadan, what is required t hen is t o merely make up for missed days. This is why Allah said:

びゲ∠ カ ∠ ぺ⊥ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ∇リョあ り∀ ギｚ バ͡ プ∠ ぴ (. ..t he same number (should be made up) from ot her days.)

Ease and not Hardship Allah t hen said:

びゲ∠ ∇ジバ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ よ͡ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ジΒ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ぴ (Allah int ends for you ease, and He does not want t o make t hings difficult for you.) Imam Ahmad recorded Anas bin Malik saying t hat Allah's Messenger said:

«やヱ⊥ゲあヘレ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ やヲ⊥レムあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ やヱ⊥ゲあジバ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ やヱ⊥ゲジ あ Α∠ » (Treat t he people wit h ease and don't be hard on t hem; give t hem glad t idings and don't fill t hem wit h aversion.)

This Hadit h was also collect ed in t he Two Sahihs. It is report ed in t he Sahihayn t hat Allah's Messenger said t o Mu` adh and Abu Musa when he sent t hem t o Yemen:

ゅ∠ハヱ∠ ゅ∠トゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩や∠ゲジ あ バ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ や∠ゲジ あ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∩や∠ゲヘあ レ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ や∠ゲゼ あ よ∠ » «ゅ∠ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ (Treat t he people wit h ease and don't be hard on t hem; give t hem glad t idings and don't fill t hem wit h aversion; and love each ot her, and don't differ.) The Sunan and t he Musnad compilers recorded t hat Allah's Messenger said:

«る∠エ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや る͡ Βｚ ヘ͡ Β͡レエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ » (I was sent wit h t he easy Hanifiyyah (Islamic Monot heism).) Allah's st at ement :

ゲ∠ ∇ジバ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ よ͡ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ジΒ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ぴ びり∠ ギｚ バ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ∇ムわ⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ (Allah int ends for you ease, and He does not want t o make t hings difficult for you. (He want s t hat you) must complet e t he same number (of days)) means: You were allowed t o break t he fast while ill, while t raveling, and so fort h, because Allah want ed t o make mat t ers easy for you. He only commanded you t o make up for missed days so t hat you complet e t he days of one mont h.

Remembering Allah upon performing the Acts of Worship Allah's st at ement :

び∇ユミ⊥ や∠ギワ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲらあ ム∠ わ⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (...and t hat you must magnify Allah i.e., t o say Takbir (Allahu Akbar: Allah is t he Most Great ) for having guided you) means: So t hat you remember Allah upon finishing t he act of worship. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement :

∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ミグ͡ ミ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ム∠ ジ ͡ ⇒∠レョｚ ユ⊥わ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ びや⇔ゲ∇ミク͡ ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ (So when you have accomplished your Manasik, (rit uals) remember Allah as you remember your forefat hers or wit h far more remembrance.) (2:200) and:

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ わ∠ ルゅ∠プ り⊥ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ろ ͡ Β∠ ツ ͡ ホ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚ∠バャｚ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ (...Then when t he (Jumu` ah) Salah (prayer) is ended, you may disperse t hrough t he land, and seek t he bount y of Allah (by working), and remember Allah much, t hat you may be successful.) (62:10) and:

モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ウらあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プぴ ヮ⊥ ∇エらあ ジ ∠ プ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ - ゆ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲピ⊥ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヱ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ネ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤデ ⊥ び キ͡ ヲ⊥イジ ぁ ャや ゲ∠ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ (...and glorify t he praises of your Lord, before t he rising of t he sun and before (it s) set t ing. And during a part of t he night , glorify His praises, and aft er t he prayers.) (50:39, 40) This is why t he Sunnah encouraged Tasbih (saying Subhan Allah, i.e., all praise is due t o Allah), Tahmid (saying Al-Hamdu Lillah, i.e., all t he t hanks are due t o Allah) and Takbir (saying Allahu Akbar, i.e., Allah is t he Most Great ) aft er t he compulsory prayers. Ibn ` Abbas said, "We used t o know t hat Allah's Messenger has finished t he prayer by t he Takbir.'' Similarly, several scholars have st at ed t hat recit ing Takbir t he during ` Id-ul-Fit r was specified by t he Ayah t hat st at es:

び∇ユミ⊥ や∠ギワ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲらあ ム∠ わ⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ り∠ ギｚ バ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ∇ムわ⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ ((He want s t hat you) must complet e t he same number (of days), and t hat you must magnify Allah i.e., t o say Takbir (Allahu Akbar: Allah is t he Most Great ) for having guided you...) Allah's st at ement :

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(...so t hat you may be grat eful t o Him.) means: If you adhere t o what Allah commanded you, obeying Him by performing t he obligat ions, abandoning t he prohibit ions and abiding by t he set limit s, t hen perhaps you will be among t he grat eful.

ょ ⊥ Β͡ィぺ⊥ ∀ょΑ͡ゲ∠ホ ヶあルみ͡プ∠ ヶあレハ ∠ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ほ∠シ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ ∇ャヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ハキ∠ や∠クま͡ ネ ͡ やｚギャや り∠ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギセ ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヴ͡よ (186. And when My servant s ask you (O Muhammad concerning Me, t hen answer t hem), I am indeed near (t o t hem by My knowledge). I respond t o t he invocat ions of t he supplicant when he calls on Me (wit hout any mediat or or int ercessor). So let t hem obey Me and believe in Me, so t hat t hey may be led aright .)

Allah hears the Servant's Supplication Imam Ahmad report ed t hat Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari said, "We were in t he company of Allah's Messenger during a bat t le. Whenever we climbed a high place, went up a hill or went down a valley, we used t o say, ` Allah is t he Most Great ,' raising our voices. The Prophet came by us and said:

ゅ∠ャ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ やヲ⊥バよ∠ ∇ケや ∩⊥サゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ゅ∠Α» ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま ∩ゅ⇔らも͡ ゅ∠ビ ゅ∠ャヱ ユｚ タ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∇ホぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ヵグｚャや ラ ｚ ま ∩や⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ マ ∠ ヨ⊥ ヤあハ ∠ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∩∃ザ∇Βホ∠ リ ∠ ∇よ ぶ ͡ や∠ギ∇らハ ∠ ゅΑ ∩͡ヮわ͡ ヤ∠ェ ͡ や∠ケ ペ ͡ レ⊥ ハ ⊥ «ぶゅ͡よ ゅｚャま͡ り∠ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ メ ∠ ∇ヲェ ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∨͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや コ͡ ヲ⊥レミ⊥ ∇リョ͡ る⇔ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ (O people! Be merciful t o yourselves (i.e., don't raise your voices), for you are not calling a deaf or an absent one, but One Who is All-Hearer, All-Seer. The One Whom you call is closer t o one of you t han t he neck of his animal. O ` Abdullah bin Qais (Abu Musa's name) should I t each you a st at ement t hat is a t reasure of Paradise: ` La hawla wa la quwwat a illa billah (t here is no power or st rengt h except from Allah).') This Hadit h was also recorded in t he Two Sahihs, and Abu Dawud, An-Nasa'i, At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah recorded similar wordings. Furt hermore, Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas said t hat t he Prophet said:

ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ヶ͡よ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ リ あニ ∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ヴャゅバ∠ ゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » «ヶ͡ルゅ∠ハキ∠ や∠クま͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ("Allah t he Exalt ed said, ` I am as My servant t hinks of Me, and I am wit h him whenever he invokes Me.') Allah accept s t he Invocat ion Imam Ahmad also recorded Abu Sa` id saying t hat t he Prophet said:

ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ り∃ ヲ∠ ∇ハギ∠ よ͡ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ∠ や ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α ユ∃ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ロ⊥ ゅ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ゅｚャま ∩∃ユェ ͡ ケ∠ る⊥ バ∠ Β͡トホ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ ∀ユ∇を͡ま ゅヰΒ͡プ ∩⊥ヮゎ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モあイバ∠ Α⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚョ͡ま :メ ∃ ゅ∠ダカ ͡ ゐ ͡ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ン∠ギ∇ェま͡ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅョｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩ン∠ゲ∇カΕ ⊥ や ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ カ ͡ ギｚ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ «ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇んョ͡ ￢͡ ヲぁジャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ フ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ダΑ∠ :

:

«ゲ∠ん∇ミぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や» (No Muslim supplicat es t o Allah wit h a Du` a t hat does not involve sin or cut t ing t he relat ions of t he womb, but Allah will grant him one of t he t hree t hings. He will eit her hast en t he response t o his supplicat ion, save it for him unt il t he Hereaft er, or would t urn an equivalent amount of evil away from him.'') They said, "What if we were t o recit e more (Du` a).'' He said, (There is more wit h Allah.) ` Abdullah t he son of Imam Ahmad recorded ` Ubadah bin As-Samit saying t hat t he Prophet said:

ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α ユ∃ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ∇リョ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΕ ∠ や ゲ͡ ∇ヰニ ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ゅ∠ョ» ブ ｚ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワゅｚΑま ぶ ⊥ や ロ⊥ ゅ∠ゎへ ゅｚャま͡ り∃ ヲ∠ ∇ハギ∠ よ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ∠ や る͡ バ∠ Β͡トホ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ユ∃ ∇をみ͡よ͡ ネ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇んョ͡ ￢͡ ヲぁジャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ «ユ͡ェ∠ケ

(There is no Muslim man on t he face of t he eart h who supplicat es t o Allah but Allah would eit her grant it t o him, or avert a harm from him of equal proport ions, as long as his supplicat ion does not involve sin or cut t ing t he relat ions of t he womb.) At -Tirmidhi recorded t his Hadit h. Imam Malik recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said:

∇ユヤ∠プ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∩∇モイ ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ゅ∠ョ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ェ ∠Ε ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠イわ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ » «ヶ͡ャ ∇ょイ ∠ わ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ (One's supplicat ion will be accept ed as long as he does become get hast y and say, JAWAD TO DO CHECK ORIG FOR TEXT

Allah accepts the Invocation Imam Ahmad also recorded Abu Sa` id saying t hat t he Prophet said:

ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ り∃ ヲ∠ ∇ハギ∠ よ͡ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ∠ や ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α ユ∃ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ロ⊥ ゅ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ゅｚャま ∩∃ユェ ͡ ケ∠ る⊥ バ∠ Β͡トホ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ ∀ユ∇を͡ま ゅヰΒ͡プ ∩⊥ヮゎ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モあイバ∠ Α⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚョ͡ま :メ ∃ ゅ∠ダカ ͡ ゐ ͡ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ン∠ギ∇ェま͡ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ ∩ン∠ゲ∇カΕ ⊥ や ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ カ ͡ ギｚ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ «ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇んョ͡ ￢͡ ヲぁジャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ フ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ダΑ∠ :

:

«ゲ∠ん∇ミぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や» (No Muslim supplicat es t o Allah wit h a Du` a t hat does not involve sin or cut t ing t he relat ions of t he womb, but Allah will grant him one of t he t hree t hings. He will eit her hast en t he response t o his supplicat ion, save it for him unt il t he Hereaft er, or would t urn an equivalent amount of evil away from him.'') They said, "What if we were t o recit e more (Du` a).'' He said, (There is more wit h Allah.) ` Abdullah t he son of Imam Ahmad recorded ` Ubadah bin As-Samit saying t hat t he Prophet said:

ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α ユ∃ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ∇リョ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΕ ∠ や ゲ͡ ∇ヰニ ∠ ヴヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ» ブ ｚ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワゅｚΑま ぶ ⊥ や ロ⊥ ゅ∠ゎへ ゅｚャま͡ り∃ ヲ∠ ∇ハギ∠ よ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ∠ や る͡ バ∠ Β͡トホ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ユ∃ ∇をみ͡よ͡ ネ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇んョ͡ ￢͡ ヲぁジャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ «ユ͡ェ∠ケ (There is no Muslim man on t he face of t he eart h who supplicat es t o Allah but Allah would eit her grant it t o him, or avert a harm from him of equal proport ions, as long as his supplicat ion does not involve sin or cut t ing t he relat ions of t he womb.) At -Tirmidhi recorded t his Hadit h. Imam Malik recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said:

∇ユヤ∠プ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∩∇モイ ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ゅ∠ョ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ェ ∠Ε ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠イわ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ » «ヶ͡ャ ∇ょイ ∠ わ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ (One's supplicat ion will be accept ed as long as he does become get hast y and say, ` I have supplicat ed but it has not been accept ed from me.'') This Hadit h is recorded in t he Two Sahihs from Malik, and t his is t he wording of Al-Bukhari. Muslim recorded t hat t he Prophet said:

∇ヱぺ∠ ユ∇を͡み͡よ ネ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇らバ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ゆ ⊥ ゅイ∠わ∇ジΑ⊥ メ ⊥ や∠ゴΑ∠ Ι» «モ͡イ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ∃ ェ ͡ ケ∠ る͡ バ∠ Β͡トホ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨⊥メゅ∠イ∇バわ͡ ∇シΙや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩͡ぶや メ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅ∠Α :モ∠Βホ͡ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠イわ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∩⊥れ∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ れ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ∇ギホ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » «￢ゅ∠ハギぁ ャや ネ ⊥ ギ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ゲ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇エわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ヶ͡ャ (The supplicat ion of t he servant will be accept ed as long as he does not supplicat e for what includes sin, or cut t ing t he relat ions of t he womb, and as long as he does not become hast y.)

He was asked, "O Messenger of Allah! How does one become hast y'' He said, (He says, ` I supplicat ed and supplicat ed, but I do not see t hat my supplicat ion is being accept ed from me.' He t hus looses int erest and abandons supplicat ing (t o Allah).)

Three Persons Whose Supplication will not be rejected In t he Musnad of Imam Ahmad and t he Sunans of At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah it is recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said:

ユ⊥ も͡ ゅｚダャや∠ヱ ∩⊥メキ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ャや ュ⊥ ゅ∠ョみ∇ャや :∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ぁキゲ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∀るを∠Κ∠を» ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∩͡ュヲ⊥ヤ∇ヌヨ∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ゲト ͡ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ⊥ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ウ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヘゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠ヨピ∠ ∇ャや «リΒ͡ェ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ゲ∠ ダ ⊥ ∇ルほ∠ャ∠ ヶ͡ゎゴｚ ͡バ͡よ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ (Three persons will not have t heir supplicat ion rej ect ed: t he j ust ruler, t he fast ing person unt il breaking t he fast , and t he supplicat ion of t he oppressed person, for Allah raises it above t he clouds on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and t he doors of heaven will be opened for it , and Allah says, ` By My grace! I will cert ainly grant it for you, even if aft er a while.')

ｚリワ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠ジル͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゑ ⊥ プ∠ ｚゲャや ュ͡ ゅ∠Βダ あ ャや る∠ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ｚモェ ͡ ぺ⊥ぴ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ャｚ ∀サゅ∠ら͡ャ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀サゅ∠ら͡ャ リ ∠ ⇒ャゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ゅ∠ヘハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠わプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゅわ∇ガゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ⇒∠よ リ ∠ ョ͡ ヂ ⊥ Β∠ ∇よΕ ∠や テ ⊥ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ヴ∠ャま͡ ュ∠ ゅ∠Βダ あ ャや ∇やヲぁヨゎ͡ ぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゲ͡ ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ キ͡ ヲ∠ ∇シΕ ∠や テ ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘム͡ ⇒∠ハ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ⇒∠らゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや

ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠Αへ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ⊥ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ (187. It is made lawful for you t o have sexual relat ions wit h your wives on t he night of As-Siyam (fast ing). They are Libas i.e., body-cover, or screen for you and you are Libas for t hem. Allah knows t hat you used t o deceive yourselves, so He t urned t o you (accept ed your repent ance) and forgave you. So now have sexual relat ions wit h t hem and seek t hat which Allah has ordained for you (offspring), and eat and drink unt il t he whit e t hread (light ) of dawn appears t o you dist inct from t he black t hread (darkness of night ), t hen complet e your fast t ill t he night fall. And do not have sexual relat ions wit h t hem (your wives) while you are in I` t ikaf in t he Masj ids. These are t he limit s (set ) by Allah, so approach t hem not . Thus does Allah make clear His Ayat t o mankind t hat t hey may acquire Taqwa.)

Eating, Drinking and Sexual Intercourse are allowed during the Nights of Ramadan These Ayat cont ain a relief from Allah for t he Muslims by ending t he pract ice t hat was observed in t he early years of Islam. At t hat t ime, Muslims were allowed t o eat , drink and have sexual int ercourse only unt il t he ` Isha' (Night ) prayer, unless one sleeps before t he ` Isha' prayer. Those who slept before ` Isha' or offered t he ` Isha' prayer, were not allowed t o drink, eat or sexual int ervourse sex unt il t he next night . The Muslims found t hat t o be difficult for t hem. The Ayat used t he word ` Rafat h' t o indicat e sexual int ercourse, according t o Ibn ` Abbas, ` At a' and Muj ahid. Similar Tafsir was offered by Sa` id bin Jubayr, Tawus, Salim bin ` Abdullah, ` Amr bin Dinar, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Az-Zuhri, Ad-Dahhak, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, As-Suddi, ` At a' AlKhurasani and Muqat il bin Hayyan. Allah said:

びリ ｚ ヰ⊥ ャｚ ∀サゅ∠ら͡ャ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀サゅ∠ら͡ャ ｚリワ⊥ ぴ (They are Libas i.e., body-cover, or screen for you and you are Libas for t hem.) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, As-Suddi and Muqat il bin Hayyan said t hat t his Ayah means, "Your wives are a resort for you and you for t hem.'' Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said, "They are your cover and you are t heir cover.'' In short , t he wife and t he husband are int imat e and have sexual int ercourse wit h each ot her, and t his is why t hey were permit t ed t o have sexual act ivit y during t he night s of Ramadan, so t hat mat t ers are made easier for t hem. Abu Ishaq report ed t hat Al-Bara' bin ` Azib said, "When t he Companions of Allah's Messenger observed fast but would sleep before breaking t heir fast , t hey would cont inue fast ing unt il t he following night . Qays bin Sirmah Al-Ansari was fast ing one day and was working in his land. When t he t ime t o break t he fast came, he went t o his wife and said, ` Do you have food' She said, ` No. But I could t ry t o get you some.' His eyes t hen were overcome by sleep and when his wife came back, she found him asleep. She said, ` Woe unt o you! Did you sleep' In t he middle of t he next day, he lost consciousness and ment ioned what had happened t o t he Prophet . Then, t his Ayah was revealed: r

び∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠ジル͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゑ ⊥ プ∠ ｚゲャや ュ͡ ゅ∠Βダ あ ャや る∠ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ｚモェ ͡ ぺ⊥ぴ (It is made lawful for you t o have sexual relat ions wit h your wives on t he night of As-Siyam (fast ing)) unt il...

ヂ ⊥ Β∠ ∇よΕ ∠やテ ⊥ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びゲ͡ ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ キ͡ ヲ∠ ∇シΕ ∠ やテ ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ (and eat and drink unt il t he whit e t hread (light ) of dawn appears t o you dist inct from t he black t hread (darkness of night ), t hen complet e your fast t ill t he night fall. ) Consequent ly, t hey were very delight ed.'' Al-Bukhari report ed t his Hadit h by Abu Ishaq who relat ed t hat he heard AlBara' say, "When fast ing Ramadan was ordained, Muslims used t o refrain from sleeping wit h t heir wives t he ent ire mont h, but some men used t o deceive t hemselves. Allah revealed:

∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠わプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゅわ∇ガゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ぴ び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ゅ∠ヘハ ∠ ヱ∠ (Allah knows t hat you used t o deceive yourselves, so He t urned t o you (accept ed your repent ance) and forgave you.) ` Ali bin Abu Talhah narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "During t he mont h of Ramadan, aft er Muslims would pray ` Isha', t hey would not t ouch t heir women and food unt il t he next night . Then some Muslims, including ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab, t ouched (had sex wit h) t heir wives and had some food during Ramadan aft er ` Isha'. They complained t o Allah's Messenger . Then Allah sent down:

∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠わプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゅわ∇ガゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ぴ びリ ｚ ワ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ⇒∠よ リ ∠ ⇒ャゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ゅ∠ヘハ ∠ ヱ∠ (Allah knows t hat you used t o deceive yourselves, so He t urned t o you (accept ed your repent ance) and forgave you. So now have sexual relat ions wit h t hem)'' This is t he same narrat ion t hat Al-` Awfi relat ed from Ibn ` Abbas. Allah said:

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇よや∠ヱぴ

(. ..and seek t hat which Allah has ordained for you (offspring),) Abu Hurayrah, Ibn ` Abbas, Anas, Shurayh Al-Qadi, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` At a', Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, As-Suddi, Zayd bin Aslam, Hakam bin ` Ut bah, Muqat il bin Hayyan, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah, and ot hers said t hat t his Ayah refers t o having offspring. Qat adah said t hat t he Ayah means, "Seek t he permission t hat Allah has allowed for you.'' Sa` id narrat ed t hat Qat adah said,

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇よや∠ヱぴ (and seek t hat which Allah has ordained for you,)

Time for Suhur Allah said:

ヂ ⊥ Β∠ ∇よΕ ∠やテ ⊥ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ュ∠ ゅ∠Βダ あ ャや ∇やヲぁヨゎ͡ ぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゲ͡ ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ キ͡ ヲ∠ ∇シΕ ∠や テ ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ びモ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ (...and eat and drink unt il t he whit e t hread (light ) of dawn appears t o you dist inct from t he black t hread (darkness of night ), t hen complet e your fast t ill t he night fall.) Allah has allowed eat ing and drinking, along wit h having sexual int ercourse, as we have st at ed, during any part of t he night unt il t he light of dawn is dist inguished from t he darkness of t he night . Allah has described t hat t ime as ` dist inguishing t he whit e t hread from t he black t hread.' He t hen made it clearer when He said:

びゲ͡ ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぴ (of dawn.) As st at ed in a Hadit h t hat Imam Abu ` Abdullah Al-Bukhari recorded, Sahl bin Sa` d said, "When t he following verse was revealed:

ヂ ⊥ Β∠ ∇よΕ ∠やテ ⊥ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びキ͡ ヲ∠ ∇シΕ ∠ やテ ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡

(Eat and drink unt il t he whit e t hread appears t o you, dist inct from t he black t hread) and (of dawn) was not revealed, some people who int ended t o fast , t ied black and whit e t hreads t o t heir legs and went on eat ing t ill t hey different iat ed bet ween t he t wo. Allah t hen revealed t he words, (of dawn), and it became clear t o t hem t hat it meant (t he darkness of) night and (t he light of) day. '' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ash-Sha` bi said t hat ` Adi said, "I t ook t wo st rings, one black and t he ot her whit e and kept t hem under my pillow and went on looking at t hem t hroughout t he night , but could not make any dist inct ion bet ween t he t wo. So, t he next morning I went t o Allah's Messenger and t old him t he whole st ory. He said:

テ ⊥ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラぺ∠ ∩∀ヂΑ͡ゲバ∠ ャ∠ や⇔クま͡ ポ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠シヱ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡» «マ͡ゎキ∠ ゅ∠シヱ͡ ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ キ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇シほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ヂ ⊥ Β∠ ∇よほ∠∇ャや (Your pillow is very wide if t he whit e and black t hreads are under it !) Some wordings for t his Hadit h read,

«ゅ∠ヘボ∠ ∇ャや ヂ ⊥ Α͡ゲバ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡» (Your Qafa (back side of your neck) is wide!) Some people said t hat t hese words meant t hat ` Adi was not smart . This is a weak opinion. The narrat ion t hat Al-Bukhari collect ed explains t his part of t he Hadit h. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Adi bin Hat im narrat ed: I said, "O Messenger of Allah! What is t he whit e t hread from t he black t hread Are t hey act ual t hreads'' He said:

ｚユを⊥ ∩͡リ∇Βト ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや れ ∠ ∇ゲダ ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅ∠ヘボ∠ ∇ャや ヂ ⊥ Α͡ゲバ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま» «ケゅ∠ヰレｚャや チ ⊥ ゅ∠Βよ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャや キ⊥ や∠ヲシ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ゅ∠ャ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ (Your Qafa is wide if you see t he t wo t hreads. Rat her, t hey are t he blackness of t he night and t he whit eness of t he daylight .)

Suhur is recommended Allah allowed eat ing and drinking unt il dawn, it represent s proof t hat Suhur is encouraged, since it is a Rukhsah (concession or allowance) and Allah likes t hat t he Rukhsah is accept ed and implement ed. The aut hent ic Sunnah indicat es t hat eat ing t he Suhur is encouraged. It is report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat Anas narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said:

«る∠ミゲ∠ よ∠ ケ͡ ヲエ ⊥ ｚジャや ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ やヱ⊥ゲエ ｚジ ∠ ゎ∠ »

(Eat t he Suhur, for t here is a blessing in Suhur.) Muslim report ed t hat ` Amr bin Al-` As narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said:

ゆ ͡ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠Βタ ͡ ヱ ゅ∠レョ͡ ゅ∠Βタ ͡ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇ダプ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» «ゲ∠エジ ｚ ャや る⊥ ヤ∠∇ミぺ∠ (The dist inct ion bet ween our fast and t he fast of t he People of t he Book is t he meal of Suhur.) Imam Ahmad report ed t hat Abu Sa` id narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said:

∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ロヲ⊥ハギ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ る∀ ミ∠ ゲ∠ よ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ミぺ∠ ケ⊥ ヲ⊥エジ ｚ ャや» ラヲぁヤダ ∠ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ム∠ も͡ ゅヤ∠ョ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∃￢ゅ∠ョ る∠ ハ ∠ ∇ゲィ ⊥ ネ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇イゎ∠ «リΑ͡ゲエ あジ ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (Suhur is a blessed meal. Hence, do not abandon it , even if one j ust t akes a sip of wat er. Indeed, Allah and His angels send Salah (blessings) upon t hose who eat Suhur.) There are several ot her Hadit hs t hat encourage t aking t he Suhur, even if it only consist s of a sip of wat er. It is preferred t hat Suhur be delayed unt il t he t ime of dawn. It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Anas bin Malik narrat ed t hat Zayd bin Thabit said, "We had Suhur wit h Allah's Messenger and t hen went on t o pray.'' Anas asked, "How much t ime was t here bet ween t he Adhan (call t o prayer) and t he Suhur'' He said, "The t ime t hat fift y Ayat t ake (t o recit e).'' Imam Ahmad recorded Abu Dharr saying t hat Allah's Messenger said:

やヱ⊥ゲカ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ト∇プみ͡∇ャや やヲ⊥ヤイ ｚハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゲ∃ ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ メ ⊥ や∠ゴゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ケヲ⊥エジ ぁ ャや (My Ummah will always ret ain goodness as long as t hey hast en in breaking t he fast and delay t he Suhur.) There are several Hadit hs t hat narrat e t hat t he Prophet called Suhur "t he blessed meal.'' There are narrat ions from several of t he Salaf t hat t hey allowed t he Suhur t o be eat en lat er unt il close t o Faj r. This is is report ed from Abu Bakr, ` Umar, ` Ali, Ibn Mas` ud, Hudhayfah, Abu Hurayrah, Ibn ` Umar, Ibn ` Abbas and Zayd bin Thabit . It is also report ed from many of t he

Tabi` in, such as Muhammad bin ` Ali bin Husayn, Abu Mij laz, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Abu Ad-Duha, Abu Wa'il and ot her companions of Ibn Mas` ud. This is also t he opinion of ` At a', Al-Hasan, Hakam bin ` Uyainah, Muj ahid, ` Urwah bin Az-Zubayr, Abu Sha` t ha' Jabir bin Zayd, Al- A` mash and Ma` mar bin Rashid. We have ment ioned t he chains of narrat ions for t heir st at ement s in our (Ibn Kat hir's) book about Siyam (Fast ing), and all praise is due t o Allah. It is also recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Al-Qasim said t hat ` A'ishah narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said:

ヵ͡キゅ∠レΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∇ユミ⊥ ͡ケヲ⊥エ∠シ ∇リハ ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠ヤよ͡ ラ ⊥ や∠クぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ レ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» あュぺ⊥ リ ͡ ∇よや ラ ∠ や∠クぺ∠ やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ ∩∃モ∇Βヤ∠よ͡ «ゲ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ヤ⊥∇トΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ラ ⊥ あクぽ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∃ュヲ⊥わ∇ムョ∠ (The Adhan pronounced by Bilal should not st op you from t aking Suhur, for he pronounces t he Adhan at night . Hence, eat and drink unt il you hear t he Adhan by Ibn Umm Makt um, for he does not call t he Adhan unt il dawn.) This is t he wording collect ed by Al-Bukhari. Imam Ahmad report ed t hat Qays bin Talq quot ed from his fat her t hat Allah's Messenger said:

リ ͡ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ペ ͡ プ⊥ ほ⊥∇ャや ヶ͡プ モ ∠ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠» «ゲ∠ヨ∇ェほ∠∇ャや チ ⊥ ゲ͡ わ∠ ∇バヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Dawn is not t he (ascending) glow of whit e light of t he horizon. Rat her, it is t he red (radiat ing) light .) Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi also recorded t his Hadit h, but t heir wording is:

∩⊥ギバ͡ ∇ダヨ⊥ ∇ャや ノ⊥ デ ͡ ゅｚジャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚルギ∠ Β͡ヰΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩やヲ⊥よ∠ゲ∇セやヱ やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ » «ゲ∠ヨ∇ェほ∠∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ チ ∠ ゲ͡ わ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇セやヱ やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ (Eat and drink and do not be rushed by t he ascending (whit e) light . Eat and drink unt il t he redness (of t he dawn) appears.) Ibn Jarir (At -Tabari) recorded t hat Samurah bin Jundub narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said:

キ͡ ヲ⊥ヨバ∠ ャ͡ チ ⊥ ゅ∠Βら∠ ∇ャや や∠グワ∠ ゅャ∠ヱ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠ヤよ͡ ラ ⊥ や∠クぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ｚルｚゲピ⊥ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ゲΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ウ ͡ ∇らダ ぁ ャや (Do not be st opped by Bilal's Adhan or t he (ascending) whit eness, unt il it spreads.) Muslim also recorded t his Hadit h.

There is no Harm in beginning the Fast while Junub (a state of major ritual impurity) Issue: Among t he benefit s of allowing sexual act ivit y, eat ing and drinking unt il dawn for t hose who are fast ing, is t hat it is allowed t o st art t he fast while Junub (in t he st at e of impurit y aft er sexual discharge), and t here is no harm in t his case if one t akes a bat h any t ime in t he morning aft er waking up, and complet es t he fast . This is t he opinion of t he Four Imams and t he maj orit y of t he scholars. Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t hat ` A'ishah and Umm Salamah said t hat Allah's Messenger used t o wake up while Junub from sexual int ercourse, not wet dreams, and he would t ake a bat h and fast . Umm Salamah added t hat he would not break his fast or make up for t hat day. Muslim recorded t hat ` A'ishah said t hat a man asked:

ユ∂ヤシヱ ヮΒヤハ ぶや ヴヤダ͡ヰヤャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∨⊥ュヲ⊥タほ∠プ∠ ∀ょレ⊥ ∠ィ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヶ͡レミ⊥ ケ͡ ∇ギゎ⊥ ∩͡ぶや メ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅ∠Α: Fasting ends at

Sunset Allah said:

びモ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ュ∠ ゅ∠Βダ あ ャや ∇やヲぁヨゎ͡ ぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (...t hen complet e your fast t ill t he night fall.) This Ayah orders breaking t he fast at sunset . It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat ` Umar bin AlKhat t ab said t hat Allah's Messenger said:

ゅ∠レヰ⊥ ワ ∇リョ͡ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ゲ∠ よ∠ ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠レヰ⊥ ワ ∇リョ͡ モ ⊥ ∇Βヤｚャや モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ホぺ∠ や∠クま͡» «ユ͡もゅｚダャや ゲ∠ ト ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ (If t he night comes from t his direct ion (t he east ), and t he day depart s from t hat direct ion (t he west ), t hen t he fast ing person breaks his fast .) It is report ed t hat Sahl bin Sa` d As-Sa` idi narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said:

«ゲ∇トヘ͡ ∇ャや やヲ⊥ヤイ ｚハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゲ∃ ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや メ ⊥ や∠ゴΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» (The people will ret ain goodness as long as t hey hast en in breaking t he fast .) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat t he Prophet said:

ヶ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ :モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » «や⇔ゲ∇ト͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ (Allah t he Exalt ed said, ` The dearest among My servant s t o Me are t hose who hast en in breaking t he fast t he most .') At -Tirmidhi recorded t his Hadit h and said t hat t his Hadit h is Hasan Gharib.

Prohibition of Uninterrupted Fasting (Wisal)

There are several aut hent ic Hadit hs t hat prohibit Al-Wisal, which means cont inuing t he fast t hrough t he night t o t he next night , wit hout eat ing. Imam Ahmad recorded Abu Hurayrah saying t hat Allah's Messenger said:

«やヲ⊥ヤタ ͡ や∠ヲゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩⊥モタ ͡ や∠ヲゎ⊥ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ぶ ͡ やメ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅ∠Α :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ: :

ヶあよケ∠ ヶ͡レヨ⊥ バ͡ ∇トΑ⊥ ろ ⊥ Β͡よぺ∠ ヶルあ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ジャ∠ ヶあルみ͡プ∠ » «ヶ͡レΒ͡ボ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ (Do not pract ice Al-Wisal in fast ing.) So, t hey said t o him, "But you pract ice Al-Wisal, O Allah's Messenger!'' The Prophet replied, "(I am not like you, I am given food and drink during my sleep by my Lord.) ,So, when t he people refused t o st op Al-Wisal, t he Prophet fast ed t wo days and t wo night s (along wit h t hose who pract iced Wisal) and t hen t hey saw t he crescent moon (of t he mont h of Shawwal). The Prophet said t o t hem (angrily):

«ユ⊥ムゎ⊥ ∇キ͡ゴャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ヤヰ͡ ∇ャや ゲ∠ カ ｚ ほ∠ゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠» (If t he crescent had not appeared, I would have made you fast for a longer period.) That was as a punishment for t hem (when t hey refused t o st op pract icing Al-Wisal). This Hadit h is also recorded in t he Sahihayn. The prohibit ion of Al-Wisal was also ment ioned in a number of ot her narrat ions. It is a fact t hat pract icing Al-Wisal was one of t he special qualit ies of t he Prophet , for he was capable and assist ed in his pract ice of it . It is obvious t hat t he food and drink t hat t he Prophet used t o get while pract icing Al-Wisal was spirit ual and not mat erial, ot herwise he would not be pract icing Al-Wisal. We should ment ion t hat it is allowed t o refrain from breaking t he fast from sunset unt il before dawn (Suhur). A Hadit h narrat ed by Abu Sa` id Khudri st at es t hat Allah's Messenger said:

∇モタ ͡ や∠ヲΒ⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ モ ∠タ ͡ や∠ヲΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Αぁ ほ∠プ∠ やヲ⊥ヤタ ͡ や∠ヲゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» «ゲ∠エジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ (Do not pract ice Al-Wisal, but whoever wishes is allowed t o pract ice it unt il t he Suhur.) They said, "You pract ice Al-Wisal, O Messenger of Allah!'' He said:

∀ユ͡バ∇トョ⊥ ヶ͡ャ ろ ⊥ Β͡よぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ ∩∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ゃ∠ ∇Βヰ∠ ミ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ジャ∠ ヶあルま͡» «ヶ͡レΒ͡ボ∇ジΑ∠ ベ ∃ ゅ∠シヱ∠ ヶ͡レヨ⊥ バ͡ ∇トΑ⊥ (I am not similar t o you, for I have One Who makes me eat and drink during t he night .) This Hadit h is also collect ed in t he Two Sahihs.

The Rulings of I` tikaf Allah said:

びギ͡ イ ͡ ⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘム͡ ⇒∠ハ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ⇒∠らゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And do not have sexual relat ions wit h t hem (your wives) while you are in I` t ikaf in t he Masj ids.)

` Ali bin Abu Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "This Ayah is about t he man who st ays in I` t ikaf at t he mosque during Ramadan or ot her mont hs, Allah prohibit ed him from t ouching (having sexual int ercourse wit h) women, during t he night or day, unt il he finishes his I` t ikaf.'' Ad-Dahhak said, "Formerly, t he man who pract iced I` t ikaf would go out of t he mosque and, if he wished, would have sexual int ercourse (wit h his wife). Allah t hen said:

びギ͡ イ ͡ ⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘム͡ ⇒∠ハ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ⇒∠らゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And do not have sexual relat ions wit h t hem (your wives) while you are in I` t ikaf in t he Masj ids.) meaning, ` Do not t ouch your wives as long as you are in I` t ikaf, whet her you were in t he mosque or out side of it '.'' It is also t he opinion of Muj ahid, Qat adah and several ot her scholars, t hat t he Muslims used t o have sexual int ercourse wit h t he wife while in I` t ikaf if t hey depart ed t he mosque unt il t he Ayah was revealed. Ibn Abu Hat im comment ed, "It was report ed t hat Ibn Mas` ud, Muhammad bin Ka` b, Muj ahid, ` At a' Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, As-Suddi, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and Muqat il said t hat t he Ayah means, ` Do not t ouch t he wife while in I` t ikaf.''' What Ibn Abu Hat im report ed from t hese people is t he agreed upon pract ice among t he scholars. Those who are in I` t ikaf are not allowed t o have sexual int ercourse as long as t hey are st ill in I` t ikaf in t he mosque. If one has t o leave t he mosque t o at t end t o a need, such as t o relieve t he call of nat ure or t o eat , he is not allowed t o kiss or embrace his wife or t o busy himself wit h ot her t han his I` t ikaf. He is not even allowed t o visit ailing persons, but he can merely ask about t heir condit ion while passing by. I` t ikaf has several ot her rulings t hat are explained in t he books (of Fiqh), and we have ment ioned several of t hese rulings at t he end of our book on Siyam (Fast ing), all praise is due t o Allah. Furt hermore, t he scholars of Fiqh used t o follow t heir explanat ion of t he rules for fast ing wit h t he explanat ion of t he rules for I` t ikaf, as t his is t he way t hese act s of worship were ment ioned in t he Qur'an. By ment ioning I` t ikaf aft er fast ing, Allah draws at t ent ion t o pract icing I` t ikaf during t he mont h of t he fast , especially t he last part of t he mont h. The Sunnah of Allah's Messenger is t hat he used t o perform I` t ikaf during t he last t en night s of t he mont h of Ramadan unt il he died. Aft erwards, t he Prophet 's wives used t o perform I` t ikaf as t he Two Sahihs recorded from ` A'ishah t he Mot her of t he believers. It is report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat Safiyyah, t he daught er of Huyai, went t o Allah's Messenger t o visit him in t he mosque while he was in I` t ikaf. She had a t alk wit h him for a while, t hen she got up in order t o ret urn home. The Prophet accompanied her back home, as it was night . Her house was at Usamah bin Zayd's house on t he edge of Al-Madinah. While t hey were walking, t wo Ansari men met t hem and passed by t hem in a hurry, for t hey were shy t o bot her t he Prophet while he was walking wit h his wife. He t old t hem:

«ヶ∠Βェ ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇レよ͡ る⊥ Βｚ ヘ͡ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ ∩ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ヤ͡∇シケ͡ ヴヤ∠ハ» (Do not run away! She is (my wife) Safiyyah bint Huyai.) Bot h of t hem said, "All praise is due t o Allah, (How dare we t hink of any evil) O Allah's Messenger!'' The Prophet said (t o t hem):

∩͡ュギｚ ャや ン∠ゲ∇イョ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ͡ ∇よや リ ͡ ョ͡ ヵ͡ゲ∇イΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ͡よヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヶ͡プ フ ∠ グ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ゼカ ∠ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ «や６ゲセ ∠ (Shayt an reaches everywhere in t he human body, t hat t he blood reaches. I was afraid lest Shayt an might suggest an evil t hought in your minds.) Imam Ash-Shafi` i comment ed, "Allah's Messenger sought t o t each his Ummah t o inst ant ly eliminat e any evil t hought , so t hat t hey do not fall int o t he prohibit ed. They (t he t wo Ansari men) had more fear of Allah t han t o t hink evil of t he Prophet . Allah knows best .'' The Ayah (2:187) prohibit s sexual int ercourse and anyt hing like kissing or embracing t hat might lead t o it during I` t ikaf. As for having t he wife helping t he husband, it is allowed. It is report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat ` A'ishah said, "Allah's Messenger would bring his head near me (in her room) and I would comb his hair, while I was on my menses. He would ent er t he room only t o at t end t o what a man needs.'' Allah's st at ement :

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ⊥ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ (These are t he limit s (set ) by Allah) means, ` This is what We have explained, ordained, specified, allowed and prohibit ed for fast ing. We also ment ioned t he fast 's obj ect ives, what is permit t ed during it , and what is required of it . These are t he set limit s t hat Allah has legislat ed and explained, so do not come near t hem or t ransgress t hem.' ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, "(Allah's set limit s ment ioned in t he Ayah) mean t hese four limit s (and he t hen recit ed):

び∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠ジル͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゑ ⊥ プ∠ ｚゲャや ュ͡ ゅ∠Βダ あ ャや る∠ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ｚモェ ͡ ぺ⊥ぴ (It is made lawful for you t o have sexual relat ions wit h your wives on t he night of As-Siyam (fast ing).) and he recit ed up t o:

びモ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ュ∠ ゅ∠Βダ あ ャや ∇やヲぁヨゎ͡ ぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen complet e your Sawm (fast ) t ill t he night fall.) My fat her and ot her's used t o say similarly and recit e t he same Ayah t o us.'' Allah said:

びサ ͡ ゅレｚヤ͡ャ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠Αへ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや リ ⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミぴ (Thus does Allah make clear His Ayat t o mankind) meaning, ` Just as He explains t he fast and it s rulings, He also explains t he ot her rulings by t he words of His servant and Messenger, Muhammad .' Allah cont inues:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャぴ (t o mankind t hat t hey may at t ain Taqwa.) meaning, ` So t hat t hey know how t o acquire t he t rue guidance and how t o worship (Allah).' Similarly, Allah said:

ろ ∃ ⇒∠レΒあ よ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ケ͡ ヲぁレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ͡ろ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガΒ⊥ ャあ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ゲ∠ャ (It is He Who sends down manifest Ayat t o His servant (Muhammad ) t hat He may bring you out from (t ypes of) darkness int o t he light . And verily, Allah is t o you full of kindness, Most Merciful.) (57:9)

ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠ヰ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ギゎ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ͡デ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ムレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ユ͡ ∇をΗ ͡ ゅ͡よ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや メ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョあ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほわ∠ ャ͡ ュ͡ ゅｚムエ ⊥ ∇ャや び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ (188. And eat up not one anot her's propert y unj ust ly (in any illegal way, e.g., st ealing, robbing, deceiving), nor give bribery t o t he rulers (j udges before present ing your cases) t hat you may knowingly eat up a part of t he propert y of ot hers sinfully.)

Bribery is prohibited and is a Sin Ali bin Abu Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "This (Ayah 2:188) is about t he indebt ed person when t here is no evidence of t he loan. So he denies t aking t he loan and t he case goes t o t he aut horit ies, even t hough he knows t hat it is not his money and t hat he is a sinner, consuming what is not allowed for him.'' This opinion was also report ed from Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, As-Suddi, Muqat il bin Hayan and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam. They all st at ed, "Do not disput e when you know t hat you are being unj ust .''

The Judge's Ruling does not allow the Prohibited or prohibit the Lawful It is report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat Umm Salamah narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said:

モ ｚ バ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ ∩⊥ユ∇ダガ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡レΒ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩∀ゲゼ ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ わ͡ イ ｚエ ⊥ よ͡ リ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ユ∃ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ペ あエ ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ヶ ∠ツ ͡ ∇ホほ∠プ∠ «ゅ∠ワ∇ケグ∠ Β∠ ャ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヤヨ͡ ∇エΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∩∃ケゅ∠ル ∇リョ͡ る∀ バ∠ ∇トホ͡ (I am only human! You people present your cases t o me, and as some of you may be more eloquent and persuasive in present ing his argument , I might issue a j udgment in his benefit . So, if I give a Muslim's right t o anot her, I am really giving him a piece of fire; so he should not t ake it .) The Ayah and t he Hadit h prove t hat t he j udgment of t he aut horit ies in any case does not change t he realit y of t he t rut h. Hence, t he ruling does not allow what is in fact prohibit ed or prohibit what is in fact allowed. It is only applicable in t hat case. So if t he ruling agrees wit h t he t rut h, t hen t here is no harm in t his case. Ot herwise, t he j udge will acquire his reward, while t he cheat er will acquire t he evil burden. This is why Allah said:

ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠ヰ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ギゎ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ͡デ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ムレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ユ͡ ∇をΗ ͡ ゅ͡よ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや メ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョあ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほわ∠ ャ͡ ュ͡ ゅｚムエ ⊥ ∇ャや び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ (And eat up not one anot her's propert y unj ust ly, nor give bribery t o t he rulers (j udges before present ing your cases) t hat you may knowingly eat up a part of t he propert y of ot hers sinfully.) meaning, ` While you know t he falsehood of what you claim. ' Qat adah said, "O son of Adam! Know t hat t he j udge's ruling does not allow you what is prohibit ed or prohibit you from what is allowed. The j udge only rules according t o his best j udgment and according t o t he t est imony of t he wit nesses. The j udge is only human and is bound t o make mist akes. Know t hat if t he j udge erroneously rules in some one's favor, t hen t hat person will st ill encount er t he disput e when t he disput ing part ies meet Allah on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Then, t he unj ust person will be j udged swift ly and precisely wit h t hat which will surpass what ever he acquired by t he erroneous j udgment he received in t he life of t his world.''

サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ろ ⊥ Β͡ホや∠ヲョ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ∇モホ⊥ る͡ ヤｚワ͡ Ε ∠や リ ͡ハ ∠ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Αぴ リ͡ョ れ ∠ ヲ⊥Βら⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ほよ͡ ゲぁ ら͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ア あエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇リョ͡ ∠れヲ⊥Βら⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ぺヱ∠ ヴ∠ボゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ゲｚ ら͡ ∇ャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ワケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ (189. They ask you (O Muhammad) about t he crescent s. Say: "These are signs t o mark fixed periods of t ime for mankind and for t he pilgrimage.'' It is not Al-Birr (piet y, right eousness, et c.) t hat you ent er t he houses from t he back, but Al-Birr is from Taqwa. So ent er houses t hrough t heir proper doors, and have Taqwa of Allah t hat you may be successful.)

The Crescent Moons Al-` Awfi relat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The people asked Allah's Messenger about t he crescent moons. Thereaft er, t his Ayah was revealed:

びサ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ろ ⊥ Β͡ホや∠ヲョ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ∇モホ⊥ る͡ ヤｚワ͡ Ε ∠ やリ ͡ハ ∠ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Αぴ (They ask you (O Muhammad) about t he crescent s. Say, "These are signs t o mark fixed periods of t ime for mankind...) so t hat t hey mark t heir act s of worship, t he ` Iddah (t he period of t ime a divorced woman or a widow is required t o wait before remarrying) of t heir women and t he t ime of t heir Haj j (pilgrimage t o Makkah).'' ` Abdur-Razzaq report ed t hat Ibn ` Umar narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said:

やヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ダプ∠ ∩͡サゅｚレヤ͡ャ ろ ∠ Β͡ホや∠ヲョ∠ る∠ ヤｚワ͡ ほ∠∇ャや ぶ ⊥ や モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠» やヱぁギバ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ｚユビ ⊥ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ヮわ͡ Α∠ ∇ぼゲ⊥ ャ͡ やヱ⊥ゲト ͡ ∇プぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮわ͡ Α∠ ∇ぼゲ⊥ ャ͡ «ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡をゅ∠ヤを∠ (Allah has made t he crescent s signs t o mark fixed periods of t ime for mankind. Hence, fast on seeing it (t he crescent for Ramadan) and break t he fast on seeing it (t he crescent for Shawwal). If it (t he crescent ) was obscure t o you t hen count t hirt y days (mark t hat mont h as t hirt y days).) WThis Hadit h was also collect ed by Al-Hakim in his Must adrak, and he said, "The chain is Sahih, and t hey (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) did not recorded it ."

Righteousness comes from Taqwa

Allah said:

ゅ∠ワケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ リ͡ョ ∠れヲ⊥Βら⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ほよ͡ ゲぁ ら͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ れ ∠ ヲ⊥Βら⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ぺヱ∠ ヴ∠ボゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ゲｚ ら͡ ∇ャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ (It is not Al-Birr (piet y, right eousness, et c.) t hat you ent er t he houses from t he back, but AlBirr is from Taqwa. So ent er houses t hrough t heir proper doors.) Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Al-Bara' said, "During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, t hey used t o ent er t he house from t he back upon assuming t he Ihram. Thereaft er, Allah revealed (t he following Ayah):

ゅ∠ワケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ リ͡ョ ∠れヲ⊥Βら⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ほよ͡ ゲぁ ら͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ れ ∠ ヲ⊥Βら⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ぺヱ∠ ヴ∠ボゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ゲｚ ら͡ ∇ャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ (It is not Al-Birr (piet y, right eousness, et c.) t hat you ent er t he houses from t he back but Al-Birr is from Taqwa. So ent er houses t hrough t heir proper doors.) Abu Dawud At -Tayalisi recorded t he same Hadit h from Al-Bara' but wit h t he wording; "The Ansar used t o ent er t heir houses from t he back when ret urning from a j ourney. Thereaft er, t his Ayah (2:189 above) was revealed...'' Al-Hasan said, "When some people during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah would leave home t o t ravel, and t hen decide not t o t ravel, t hey would not ent er t he house from it s door. Rat her, t hey would climb over t he back wall. Allah t he Exalt ed said:

びゅ∠ワケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ リ͡ョ れ ∠ ヲΒ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ほよ͡ ゲぁ ら͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (It is not Al-Birr (piet y, right eousness) t hat you ent er t he houses from t he back,).'' Allah's st at ement :

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (...and have Taqwa of Allah t hat you may be successful.) Have Taqwa of Allah, means t o do what He has commanded you and refrain from what He has forbidden for you,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ

(t hat you may be successful.) t omorrow when you st and before Him and He t hus rewards you perfect ly.

∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホや∠ヱ - リ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇バヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ィゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ヘボ͡ を∠ ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇わボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ⇒∠ホ ラ͡みプ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇や∇ヲヰ∠ わ∠ ルや ラ ͡ み͡プ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ホヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ギハ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ∠ヰわ∠ ルや ラ ͡ み͡プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ リ ⊥ Αあギャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ヌ ｚ ャや (190. And fight in t he way of Allah t hose who fight you, but t ransgress not t he limit s. Truly, Allah likes not t he t ransgressors.) (191. And kill t hem wherever you find t hem, and t urn t hem out from where t hey have t urned you out . And Al-Fit nah is worse t han killing. And fight not wit h t hem at Al-Masj id Al-Haram (t he sanct uary at Makkah), unless t hey (first ) fight you t here. But if t hey at t ack you, t hen kill t hem. Such is t he recompense of t he disbelievers. ) (192. But if t hey cease, t hen Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (193. And fight t hem unt il t here is no more Fit nah (disbelief and worshipping of ot hers along wit h Allah) and t he religion (all and every kind of worship) is for Allah (Alone). But if t hey cease, let t here be no t ransgression except against Az-Zalimin (t he polyt heist s and wrongdoers).)

The Command to fight Those Who fight Muslims and killing Them wherever They are found Abu Ja` far Ar-Razi said t hat Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said t hat Abu Al-` Aliyah comment ed on what Allah said:

び∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ホヱ∠ ぴ

(And fight in t he way of Allah t hose who fight you,) Abu Al-` Aliyah said, "This was t he first Ayah about fight ing t hat was revealed in Al-Madinah. Ever since it was revealed, Allah's Messenger used t o fight only t hose who fought him and avoid non-combat ant s. Lat er, Surat Bara'ah (chapt er 9 in t he Qur'an) was revealed.'' ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said similarly, t hen he said t hat t his was lat er abrogat ed by t he Ayah:

び∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎぁ ギ∠ィヱ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プぴ (t hen kill t hem wherever you find t hem) (9:5). However, t his st at ement is not plausible, because Allah's st at ement :

び∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (...t hose who fight you) applies only t o fight ing t he enemies who are engaged in fight ing Islam and it s people. So t he Ayah means, ` Fight t hose who fight you', j ust as Allah said (in anot her Ayah):

びる⇔ プｚ べ∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ る⇔ プｚ べ∠ミ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (...and fight against t he Mushrikin collect ively as t hey fight against you collect ively.) (9:36) This is why Allah said lat er in t he Ayah:

ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ヘボ͡ を∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホや∠ヱぴ び∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ィゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ (And kill t hem wherever you find t hem, and t urn t hem out from where t hey have t urned you out .) meaning, ` Your energy should be spent on fight ing t hem, j ust as t heir energy is spent on fight ing you, and on expelling t hem from t he areas from which t hey have expelled you, as a law of equalit y in punishment .'

The Prohibition of mutilating the Dead and stealing from the captured Goods Allah said:

びリ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇バヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(but t ransgress not t he limit s. Truly, Allah likes not t he t ransgressors.) This Ayah means, ` Fight for t he sake of Allah and do not be t ransgressors,' such as, by commit t ing prohibit ions. Al-Hasan Al-Basri st at ed t hat t ransgression (indicat ed by t he Ayah), "includes mut ilat ing t he dead, t heft (from t he capt ured goods), killing women, children and old people who do not part icipat e in warfare, killing priest s and resident s of houses of worship, burning down t rees and killing animals wit hout real benefit .'' This is also t he opinion of Ibn ` Abbas, ` Umar bin ` Abdul-` Aziz, Muqat il bin Hayyan and ot hers. Muslim recorded in his Sahih t hat Buraydah narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said:

∩͡ぶゅ͡よ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇リョ∠ やヲ⊥ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ホ ∩͡ぶや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ やヱ⊥ゴ∇ビや» やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ やヲ⊥ヤん⊥ ∇ヨゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ やヱ⊥ケギ͡ ∇ピゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ やヲぁヤピ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ やヱ⊥ゴ∇ビや «ノ͡ョや∠ヲダ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡ャヱ∠ (Fight for t he sake of Allah and fight t hose who disbelieve in Allah. Fight , but do not st eal (from t he capt ured goods), commit t reachery, mut ilat e (t he dead), or kill a child, or t hose who reside in houses of worship.) It is report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat Ibn ` Umar said, "A woman was found dead during one of t he Prophet 's bat t les and t he Prophet t hen forbade killing women and children. '' There are many ot her Hadit hs on t his subj ect .

Shirk is worse than Killing Since Jihad involves killing and shedding t he blood of men, Allah indicat ed t hat t hese men are commit t ing disbelief in Allah, associat ing wit h Him (in t he worship) and hindering from His pat h, and t his is a much great er evil and more disast rous t han killing. Abu Malik comment ed about what Allah said:

びモ ͡ ∇わボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And Al-Fit nah is worse t han killing.) Meaning what you (disbelievers) are commit t ing is much worse t han killing.'' Abu Al-` Aliyah, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said t hat what Allah said:

びモ ͡ ∇わボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And Al-Fit nah is worse t han killing.) "Shirk (polyt heism) is worse t han killing.''

Fighting in the Sacred Area is prohibited, except in Self-Defense Allah said:

びュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And fight not wit h t hem at Al-Masj id Al-Haram (t he sanct uary at Makkah)) It is report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat t he Prophet said:

れ ͡ や∠ヲヨｚジャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ギ∠ ヤ∠ら∠ ∇ャや や∠グワ∠ ラ ｚ ま» ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴャ͡ま ぶ ͡ や る͡ ョ∠ ∇ゲエ ⊥ よ͡ ∀ュや∠ゲ∠ェ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩∠チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩∃ケゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇リョ͡ る⇔ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ ゅｚャま͡ ヶ͡ャ モ ｚエ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ∩͡るョ∠ ゅΒ͡ボ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴャ͡ま ぶ ͡ や る͡ ョ∠ ∇ゲエ ⊥ よ ∀ュやゲ∠ェ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ ヶ͡わハ ∠ ゅ∠シ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ロゅ∠ヤカ ∠ ヴ ∠ ヤ∠わ∇ガΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ロゲ⊥ イ ∠セ ∠ ギ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ Ι ∩ユ∂ヤシヱ ヮΒヤハ ぶや ヴヤダ͡ヰヤャや メ ͡ ヲ⊥シケ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠わボ͡ よ͡ ゾ ∠ カ ｚ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ «ユ⊥ムャ∠ ∇ラク∠ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シゲ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボプ∠ (Allah has made t his cit y a sanct uary since t he day He creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h. So, it is a sanct uary by Allah's decree t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion. Fight ing in it was made legal for me only for an hour in t he dayt ime. So, it (i.e., Makkah) is a sanct uary, by Allah's decree, from now on unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. It s t rees should not be cut , and it s grass should not be uproot ed. If anyone ment ions t he fight ing in it t hat occurred by Allah's Messenger, t hen say t hat Allah allowed His Messenger, but did not allow you.) In t his Hadit h, Allah's Messenger ment ions fight ing t he people of Makkah when he conquered it by force, leading t o some deat hs among t he polyt heist s in t he area of t he Khandamah. This occurred aft er t he Prophet proclaimed:

ヲ⊥ヰプ∠ ギ∠ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀リョ͡ へ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠よ ペ ∠ ヤ∠∇ビぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «リ͡ョへ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ヘシ ⊥ ヶ͡よぺ∠ ケ∠ や∠キ モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ ∩∀リョ͡ へ

(Whoever closed his door is safe. Whoever ent ered t he (Sacred) Mosque is safe. Whoever ent ered t he house of Abu Sufyan is also safe.) Allah said:

マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ⇒∠ホ ラ͡みプ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ (...unless t hey (first ) fight you t here. But if t hey at t ack you, t hen kill t hem. Such is t he recompense of t he disbelievers.) Allah st at es: ` Do not fight t hem in t he area of t he Sacred Mosque unless t hey st art fight ing you in it . In t his case, you are allowed t o fight t hem and kill t hem t o st op t heir aggression.' Hence, Allah's Messenger t ook t he pledge from his Companions under t he t ree (in t he area of AlHudaybiyyah) t o fight (t he polyt heist s), aft er t he t ribes of Quraysh and t heir allies, Thaqif and ot her groups, collaborat ed against t he Muslims (t o st op t hem from ent ering Makkah t o visit t he Sacred House). Then, Allah st opped t he fight ing before it st art ed bet ween t hem and said:

ユ⊥ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ブ ｚ ミ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ニぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ る∠ ムｚ ョ∠ リ ͡ ∇トら∠ よ͡ (And He it is Who has wit hheld t heir hands from you and your hands from t hem in t he midst of Makkah, aft er He had made you vict ors over t hem.) (48:24) and:

∇ユャｚ ∀ろ⇒∠レ͡ョ∇ぽョぁ ∀￢べ∠ジ͡ル∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ∀メゅ∠ィ͡ケ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ∀りゲｚ バ∠ ョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∇ユム∠らΒ͡ダわ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゃト ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇やヲ⊥ヤΑｚ ゴ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ ャあ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠レ∇よグｚ ∠バ∠ャ (Had t here not been believing men and believing women whom you did not know, t hat you may kill t hem and on whose account a sin would have been commit t ed by you wit hout (your) knowledge, t hat Allah might bring int o His mercy whom He wills if t hey (t he believers and t he disbelievers) had been apart , We verily, would have punished t hose of t hem who disbelieved wit h painful t orment .) (48:25) Allah's st at ement :

び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇や∇ヲヰ∠ わ∠ ルや ラ ͡ み͡プ∠ ぴ (But if t hey cease, t hen Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) which means, ` If t hey (polyt heist s) cease fight ing you in t he Sacred Area, and come t o Islam and repent , t hen Allah will forgive t hem t heir sins, even if t hey had before killed Muslims in Allah's Sacred Area.' Indeed, Allah's forgiveness encompasses every sin, what ever it s enormit y, when t he sinner repent s it .

The Order to fight until there is no more Fitnah Allah t hen commanded fight ing t he disbelievers when He said:

びる∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (...unt il t here is no more Fit nah) meaning, Shirk. This is t he opinion of Ibn ` Abbas, Abu Al` Aliyah, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Ar-Rabi` , Muqat il bin Hayyan, As-Suddi and Zayd bin Aslam. Allah's st at ement :

びヮ͡ ヤｚャ リ ⊥ Αあギャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (...and t he religion (all and every kind of worship) is for Allah (Alone).) means, ` So t hat t he religion of Allah becomes dominant above all ot her religions.' It is report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari said: "The Prophet was asked, ` O Allah's Messenger! A man fight s out of bravery, and anot her fight s t o show off, which of t hem fight s in t he cause of Allah' The Prophet said:

ヶ͡プ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゅΒ∇ヤバ⊥ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ぶ ͡ や る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャ͡ モ ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇リョ∠ » «ぶや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ (He who fight s so t hat Allah's Word is superior, t hen he fight s in Allah's cause.) In addit ion, it is report ed in t he Two Sahihs:

ゅｚャま ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ャ やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや モ ∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ホぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥» ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ ゅ∠ョキ͡ ヶあレョ͡ やヲ⊥ヨダ ∠ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ぶや «ぶや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰボあ エ ∠ よ͡ ゅｚャま

(I have been ordered (by Allah) t o fight t he people unt il t hey proclaim, ` None has t he right t o be worshipped but Allah'. Whoever said it , t hen he will save his life and propert y from me, except for cases of t he law, and t heir account will be wit h Allah.) Allah's st at ement :

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ギハ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ∠ヰわ∠ ルや ラ ͡ み͡プ∠ ぴ (But if t hey cease, let t here be no t ransgression except against t he wrongdoers.) indicat es t hat , ` If t hey st op t heir Shirk and fight ing t he believers, t hen cease warfare against t hem. Whoever fight s t hem aft erwards will be commit t ing an inj ust ice. Verily aggression can only be st art ed against t he unj ust .' This is t he meaning of Muj ahid's st at ement t hat only combat ant s should be fought . Or, t he meaning of t he Ayah indicat es t hat , ` If t hey abandon t heir inj ust ice, which is Shirk in t his case, t hen do not st art aggression against t hem aft erwards.' The aggression here means ret aliat ing and fight ing t hem, j ust as Allah said:

ゅ∠ョ モ ͡ ∇んヨ͡ よ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠わ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ン∠ギわ∠ ∇ハや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ン∠ギわ∠ ∇ハや (Then whoever t ransgresses against you, you t ransgress likewise against him.) (2:194) Similarly, Allah said:

びゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇んョあ る∀ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ る∃ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (The recompense for an evil is an evil like t hereof.) (42:40), and:

びヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らホ͡ ヲ⊥ハ ゅ∠ョ モ ͡ ∇んヨ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らホ͡ ゅ∠バプ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らホ∠ ゅ∠ハ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And if you punish t hem, t hen punish t hem wit h t he like of t hat wit h which you were afflict ed. ) (16:126) ` Ikrimah and Qat adah st at ed, "The unj ust person is he who refuses t o proclaim, ` There is no God wort hy of worship except Allah'.'' Under Allah's st at ement :

びる∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And fight t hem unt il t here is no more Fit nah) Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Nafi` said t hat t wo men came t o Ibn ` Umar during t he conflict of Ibn Az-Zubayr and said t o him, "The people have

fallen int o short comings and you are t he son of ` Umar and t he Prophet 's Companion. Hence, what prevent s you from going out '' He said, "What prevent s me is t hat Allah has for bidden shedding t he blood of my (Muslim) brot her.'' They said, "Did not Allah say:

びる∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And fight t hem unt il t here is no more Fit nah (disbelief and worshipping of ot hers along wit h Allah))'' He said, "We did fight unt il t here was no more Fit nah and t he religion became for Allah Alone. You want t o fight unt il t here is Fit nah and t he religion becomes for ot her t han Allah!'' ` Ut hman bin Salih added t hat a man came t o Ibn ` Umar and asked him, "O Abu ` AbdurRahman! What made you perform Haj j one year and ` Umrah anot her year and abandon Jihad in t he cause of Allah, alt hough you know how much He has encouraged performing it '' He said, "O my nephew! Islam is built on five (pillars): believing in Allah and His Messenger, t he five daily prayers, fast ing Ramadan, paying t he Zakah and performing Haj j (pilgrimage) t o t he House.'' They said, "O Abu ` Abdur-Rahman! Did you not hear what Allah said in His Book:

∇やヲ⊥エヤ͡∇タほ∠プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠わ∠わ∇ホや リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボプ∠ ン∠ゲ∇カΕ ⊥ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ や∠ギ∇ェま͡ ∇ろピ∠ よ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢∠ ヴ͡ヘゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヴ͡ピ∇ら∠ゎ ヴ͡わャｚや (And if t wo part ies (or groups) among t he believers fall t o fight ing, t hen make peace bet ween t hem bot h. But if one of t hem out rages against t he ot her, t hen fight you (all) against t he one t hat which out rages t ill it complies wit h t he command of Allah.) (49:9) and:

びる∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And fight t hem unt il t here is no more Fit nah (disbelief)) He said, "That we did during t he t ime of Allah's Messenger when Islam was st ill weak and (t he Muslim) man used t o face t rials in his religion, such as killing or t ort ure. When Islam became st ronger (and apparent ), t here was no more Fit nah.'' He asked, "What do you say about ` Ali and ` Ut hman'' He said, "As for ` Ut hman, Allah has forgiven him. However, you hat ed t he fact t hat Allah had forgiven him! As for ` Ali, he is t he cousin of Allah's Messenger and his son-in-law.'' He t hen point ed wit h his hand, saying, "This is where his house is locat ed (meaning, ` so close t o t he Prophet 's house j ust as ` Ali was so close t o t he Prophet himself').''

ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ョゲ⊥ エ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇ヰゼ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ュ⊥ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇ヰｚゼャやぴ モ ͡ ∇んヨ͡ よ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ン∠ギわ∠ ∇ハや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ∀ソゅ∠ダ͡ホ

ノ∠ ョ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ン∠ギわ∠ ∇ハや ゅ∠ョ びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや (194. The sacred mont h is for t he sacred mont h, and for t he prohibit ed t hings, t here is t he Law of equalit y (Qisas). Then whoever t ransgresses against you, you t ransgress likewise against him. And fear Allah, and know t hat Allah is wit h Al-Mut t aqin.)

Fighting during the Sacred Months is prohibited, except in SelfDefense Ibn ` Abbas, Ad-Dahhak, As-Suddi, Qat adah, Miqsam, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and ` At a said, "Allah's Messenger went for ` Umrah on t he sixt h year of Hij rah. Then, t he idolat ors prevent ed him from ent ering t he Sacred House (t he Ka` bah in Makkah) along wit h t he Muslims who came wit h him. This incident occurred during t he sacred mont h of Dhul-Qa` dah. The idolat ors agreed t o allow t hem t o ent er t he House t he next year. Hence, t he Prophet ent ered t he House t he following year, along wit h t he Muslims who accompanied him, and Allah permit t ed him t o avenge t he idolat ors' t reat ment of him, when He said:

ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ョゲ⊥ エ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇ヰゼ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ュ⊥ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇ヰｚゼャやぴ び∀ソゅ∠ダ͡ホ (The sacred mont h is for t he sacred mont h, and for t he prohibit ed t hings, t here is t he Law of equalit y (Qisas).) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said, "Allah's Messenger would not engage in warfare during t he Sacred Mont h unless he was first at t acked, t hen he would march fort h. He would ot herwise remain idle unt il t he end of t he Sacred Mont hs.'' This Hadit h has an aut hent ic chain of narrat ors. Hence, when t he Prophet was t old t hat ` Ut hman was killed (in Makkah) when he was camped at t he area of Al-Hudaybiyyah, aft er he had sent ` Ut hman as his emissary t o t he polyt heist s, he accept ed t he pledge from his Companions under t he t ree t o fight t he polyt heist s. They were one t housand and four hundred t hen. When t he Prophet was informed t hat ` Ut hman was not killed, he abandoned t he fight and revert ed t o peace. When t he Prophet finished fight ing wit h (t he t ribes of) Hawazin during t he bat t le of Hunayn and Hawazin t ook refuge in (t he cit y of) At -Ta'if , he laid siege t o t hat cit y. Then, t he (sacred) mont h of Dhul-Qa` dah st art ed, while At -Ta'if was st ill under siege. The siege went on for t he rest of t he fort y days (rat her, from t he day t he bat t le of Hunayn st art ed unt il t he Prophet went back t o Al-Madinah from Al-Ji` ranah, were fort y days), as report ed in t he Two Sahihs and narrat ed by Anas. When t he Companions suffered mount ing casualt ies (during t he siege), t he Prophet ended t he siege before conquering At -Ta'if. He t hen went back t o Makkah, performed ` Umrah from Al-Ji` ranah, where he divided t he war boot y of Hunayn. This ` Umrah occurred during Dhul-Qa` dah of t he eight h year of Al-Hij rah.

Allah's st at ement :

ゅ∠ョ モ ͡ ∇んヨ͡ よ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠わ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ン∠ギわ∠ ∇ハや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ンギ∠ わ∠ ∇ハや (...whoever t ransgresses against you, you t ransgress likewise against him.) ordains j ust ice even wit h t he polyt heist s. Allah also said in anot her Ayah:

びヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らホ͡ ヲ⊥ハ ゅ∠ョ モ ͡ ∇んヨ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らホ͡ ゅ∠バプ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らホ∠ ゅ∠ハ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And if you punish, t hen punish t hem wit h t he like of t hat wit h which you were afflict ed.) (16:126) Allah's st at ement :

びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And fear Allah, and know t hat Allah is wit h Al-Mut t aqin (t he pious)) (2:194) commands t hat Allah be obeyed and feared out of Taqwa. The Ayah informs us t hat Allah is wit h t hose who have Taqwa by His aid and support in t his life and t he Hereaft er.

ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Α∠ほ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ヤゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レジ ͡ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ る͡ ム∠ ヤ⊥∇ヰわｚ ャや (195. And spend in t he cause of Allah and do not t hrow yourselves int o dest ruct ion, and do good. Truly, Allah loves Al-Muhsinin (t hose who do good).)

The Command to spend in the Cause of Allah Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Hudhayfah said:

ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Α∠ほ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ヤゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ びる͡ ム∠ ヤ⊥∇ヰわｚ ャや (And spend in t he cause of Allah and do not t hrow yourselves int o dest ruct ion.) "It was revealed about spending.'' Ibn Abu Hat im report ed him saying similarly. He t hen comment ed, "Similar is

report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` At a', Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, As-Suddi and Muqat il bin Hayyan.'' Aslam Abu ` Imran said, "A man from among t he Ansar broke enemy (Byzant ine) lines in Const ant inople (Ist anbul). Abu Ayyub Al-Ansari was wit h us t hen. So some people said, ` He is t hrowing himself t o dest ruct ion.' Abu Ayyub said, ` We know t his Ayah (2:195) bet t er, for it was revealed about us, t he Companions of Allah's Messenger who part icipat ed in Jihad wit h him and aided and support ed him. When Islam became st rong, we, t he Ansar, met and said t o each ot her, ` Allah has honored us by being t he Companions of His Prophet and in support ing him unt il Islam became vict orious and it s following increased. We had before ignored t he needs of our families, est at es and children. Warfare has ceased, so let us go back t o our families and children and at t end t o t hem.' So t his Ayah was revealed about us:

ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Α∠ほ͡よ ∇やヲボ⊥ ∇ヤゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ びる͡ ム∠ ヤ⊥∇ヰわｚ ャや (And spend in t he cause of Allah and do not t hrow yourselves int o dest ruct ion.) t he dest ruct ion refers t o st aying wit h our families and est at es and abandoning Jihad'.'' This was recorded by Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, ` Abd bin Humayd in his Tafsir, Ibn Abu Hat im, Ibn Jarir, Ibn Marduwyah, Al-Hafiz Abu Ya` la in his Musnad, Ibn Hibban and Al-Hakim. At -Tirmidhi said; "Hasan, Sahih, Gharib" Al-Hakim said, "It meet s t he crit eria of t he Two Shaykhs (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) but t hey did not record it ." Abu Dawud's version ment ions t hat Aslam Abu ` Imran said, "We were at (t he siege of) Const ant inople. Then, ` Uqbah bin ` Amr was leading t he Egypt ian forces, while t he Syrian forces were led by Fadalah bin ` Ubayd. Lat er on, a huge column of Roman (Byzant ine) soldiers depart ed t he cit y, and we st ood in lines against t hem. A Muslim man raided t he Roman lines unt il he broke t hrough t hem and came back t o us. The people shout ed, ` All praise is due t o Allah! He is sending himself t o cert ain demise.' Abu Ayyub said, ` O people! You explain t his Ayah t he wrong way. It was revealed about us, t he Ansar when Allah gave vict ory t o His religion and it s following increased. We said t o each ot her, ` It would be bet t er for us now if we ret urn t o our est at es and at t end t o t hem.' Then Allah revealed t his Ayah (2:195)'.'' Abu Bakr bin ` Aiyash report ed t hat Abu Ishaq As-Subai` y relat ed t hat a man said t o Al-Bara' bin ` Azib, "If I raided t he enemy lines alone and t hey kill me, would I be t hrowing myself t o cert ain demise'' He said, "No. Allah said t o His Messenger :

びマ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ブ ⊥ ｚヤム∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇モゎ͡ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ (Then fight (O Muhammad ) in t he cause of Allah, you are not t asked (held responsible) except for yourself.) (4:84) That Ayah (2:195) is about (refraining from) spending.'' Ibn Marduwyah report ed t his Hadit h, as well as Al-Hakim in his Must adrak who said; "It meet s t he crit eria of t he Two Shaykhs (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) but t hey did not record it ." At h-Thawri and Qays bin Ar-Rabi` relat ed it from Al-Bara'. but added:

びマ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ブ ⊥ ｚヤム∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ

(You are not t asked (held responsible) except for yourself.) (4:84) "Dest ruct ion refers t o t he man who sins and refrains from repent ing, t hus t hrowing himself t o dest ruct ion.'' Ibn ` Abbas said:

ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Α∠ほ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ヤゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ びる͡ ム∠ ヤ⊥∇ヰわｚ ャや (And spend in t he cause of Allah and do not t hrow yourselves int o dest ruct ion) "This is not about fight ing. But about refraining from spending for t he sake of Allah, in which case, one will be t hrowing his self int o dest ruct ion." The Ayah (2:195) includes t he order t o spend in Allah's cause, in t he various areas and ways t hat involve obedience and drawing closer t o Allah. It especially applies t o spending in fight ing t he enemies and on what st rengt hens t he Muslims against t he enemy. Allah st at es t hat t hose who refrain from spending in t his regard will face ut t er and cert ain demise and dest ruct ion, meaning t hose who acquire t his habit . Allah commands t hat one should acquire Ihsan (excellence in t he religion), as it is t he highest part of t he act s of obedience. Allah said:

びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レジ ͡ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and do good. Truly, Allah loves Al-Muhsinin (t hose who do good).)

ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲダ ͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ り∠ ゲ∠ ∇ヨバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ア ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲぁヨ͡ゎ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ シ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ͡∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ン ͡ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ∠ ジ ∠ ∇Βわ∠ ∇シや ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ツΑ͡ゲョｚ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨプ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚエ ͡ ョ∠ ン ⊥ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ュ∃ ゅ∠Βタ ͡ リあョ る∀ Α∠ ∇ギヘ͡ プ∠ ヮ͡ シ ͡ ∇ぺケｚ リあョ ン⇔ク∠ぺ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ ア あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇ヨバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ノ∠ わｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ͡ョぺ∠ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ マ ∃ ジ ⊥ ル⊥ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠Βダ ͡ プ∠ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ヨプ∠ ン ͡ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ∠ ジ ∠ ∇Βわ∠ ∇シや る∀ ヤ∠ョ͡ ゅ∠ミ り∀ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バィ ∠ ケ∠ や∠クま͡ る∃ バ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ヱ∠ ア あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ

ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ンゲ͡ ッ ͡ ゅ∠ェ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ワぺ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ヨャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ (196. And complet e Haj j and ` Umrah for Allah. But if you are prevent ed, t hen sacrifice a Hady t hat you can afford, and do not shave your heads unt il t he Hady reaches t he place of sacrifice. And whosoever of you is ill or has an ailment on his scalp (necessit at ing shaving), he must pay a Fidyah (ransom) of eit her fast ing or giving Sadaqah or a sacrifice. Then if you are in safet y and whosoever performs t he ` Umrah (in t he mont hs of Haj j ), before (performing) t he Haj j , he must slaught er a Hady such as he can afford, but if he cannot (afford it ), he should fast for t hree days during Haj j and seven days aft er his ret urn, making t en days in all. This is for him whose family is not present at Al-Masj id Al-Haram (i.e., non-resident of Makkah). And fear Allah much and know t hat Allah is severe in punishment .) g

The Command to complete Hajj and ` Umrah Aft er Allah ment ioned t he rulings for fast ing and Jihad, he explained t he rit uals by commanding t he Muslims t o complet e Haj j and ` Umrah, meaning, t o finish t he rit uals of Haj j and ` Umrah aft er one st art s t hem. This is why Allah said aft erwards:

び∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲダ ͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ぴ (But if you are prevent ed) meaning, if your way t o t he House is obst ruct ed, and you are prevent ed from finishing it . This is why t he scholars agree t hat st art ing t he act s of Haj j and ` Umrah requires one t o finish t hem. As for Makhul, he said, "Complet e, means t o st art t hem from t he Miqat (areas t he Prophet designat ed t o assume Ihram from).'' ` Abdur-Razzaq said t hat Az-Zuhri said: "We were t old t hat ` Umar comment ed on:

びヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ り∠ ゲ∠ ∇ヨバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ア ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲぁヨ͡ゎ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (And complet e Haj j and ` Umrah for Allah.) "Complet e Haj j and ` Umrah means performing each of t hem separat ely, and t o perform ` Umrah out side of t he mont hs of Haj j , for Allah t he Exalt ed says:

び∀ろ⇒∠ョヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ∀ゲヰ⊥ ∇セ∠ぺ ア ぁエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (The Haj j (pilgrimage) is (in) t he well-known (lunar year) mont hs. )'' As-Suddi said,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ り∠ ゲ∠ ∇ヨバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ア ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲぁヨ͡ゎ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ

(And complet e Haj j and ` Umrah for Allah.) means, "Maint ain t he performance of Haj j and ` Umrah.'' Ibn ` Abbas was report ed t o have said, "Haj j is ` Arafat , while ` Umrah is Tawaf.'' AlA` mash relat ed t hat Ibrahim said t hat ` Alqamah comment ed on Allah's st at ement :

びヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ り∠ ゲ∠ ∇ヨバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ア ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲぁヨ͡ゎ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (And complet e Haj j and ` Umrah for Allah.) "Abdullah (Ibn Mas` ud) recit ed it t his way: ` Complet e Haj j and ` Umrah t o t he House, so t hat one does not exceed t he area of t he House during t he ` Umrah'.'' Ibrahim t hen said, "I ment ioned t his st at ement t o Sa` id bin Jubayr and he said; ` Ibn ` Abbas also said t hat .''' Sufyan report ed t hat Ibrahim said t hat ` Alqamah said (regarding t he Ayah 2:196), "Perform t he Haj j and ` Umrah t o t he House.'' At h-Thawri report ed t hat Ibrahim read (t he Ayah), "Perform t he Haj j and ` Umrah t o t he House.''

If One is prevented while in Route, He slaughters the Sacrifice, shaves his Head and ends Ihram Allah's st at ement :

びン ͡ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ∠ ジ ∠ ∇Βわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲダ ͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ぴ (But if you are prevent ed, sacrifice a Hady (animals for sacriface) such as you can afford,) was revealed in t he sixt h year of Hij rah, t he year of t he t reat y of Al-Hudaybiyyah when t he polyt heist s prevent ed Allah's Messenger from reaching t he House. Allah revealed Surat Al-Fat h (chapt er 48 in t he Qur'an) t hen, and allowed t he Muslims t o slaught er any Hady (animals for sacrifice) t hey had. They had sevent y camels wit h t hem for t hat purpose. They were also permit t ed t o shave t heir heads and end t heir Ihram. When t he Prophet commanded t hem t o shave t heir heads and end t he st at e of Ihram, t hey did not obey him, as t hey were await ing t hat order t o be abrogat ed. When t hey saw t hat t he Prophet went out aft er shaving his head, t hey imit at ed him. Some of t hem did not shave, but only short ened t heir hair. This is why t he Prophet said:

«リΒ͡ボヤあエ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぶ ⊥ や ユ∠ ェ ͡ ケ∠ » (May Allah award His mercy t o t hose who shaved.) They said, "What about t hose who short ened t he hair'' He said in t he t hird t ime, "And t o t hose who short ened.'' Every seven among t hem shared one camel for t heir sacrifice. They were one t housand and four hundred Companions and were camping in t he area of Al-Hudaybiyyah, out side t he Sacred Area. It was also report ed t hat t hey were wit hin t he boundaries of t he Sacred Area. Allah knows best . Being prevent ed from t he House (Hasr) includes more t han j ust being sick, fearing an enemy or get t ing lost on t he way t o Makkah. Imam Ahmad report ed t hat Al-Haj j aj bin ` Amr Al-Ansari said t hat he heard Allah's Messenger saying:

∀るイ ｚ ∠ェ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ モ ｚェ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ァ ∠ ゲ͡ ハ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∠ ジ ͡ ミ⊥ ∇リョ∠ » «ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ (Whoever suffered a broken bone or a limb, will have ended his Ihram and has t o perform Haj j again.) He said, "I ment ioned t hat t o Ibn ` Abbas and Abu Hurayrah and t hey bot h said, ` He (AlHaj j aj ) has said t he t rut h'.'' This Hadit h is also report ed in t he Four Collect ions. In t he version of Abu Dawud and Ibn Maj ah, t he Prophet said, "Whoever limped, had a broken bone or became ill...'' Ibn Abu Hat im also recorded it and said, "It was report ed t hat Ibn Mas` ud, Ibn Az-Zubayr, ` Alqamah, Sa` id bin Musayyib, ` Urwah bin Az-Zubayr, Muj ahid, An-Nakha` i, ` At a' and Muqat il bin Hayyan said t hat being prevent ed (Hasr) ent ails an enemy, an illness or a fract ure.'' At hThawri also said, "Being prevent ed ent ails everyt hing t hat harms t he person.'' It is report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat ` A'ishah said t hat Allah's Messenger went t o Duba` ah bint Az-Zubayr bin ` Abdul-Mut t alib who said, "O Messenger of Allah! I int end t o perform Haj j but I am ill.'' He said, "Perform Haj j and make t he condit ion: ` My place is where You prevent (or halt ) me.'' Muslim recorded similarly from Ibn ` Abbas. So saying such a condit ion for Haj j is allowed is based on t his Hadit h. Allah's st at ement :

びン ͡ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ∠ ジ ∠ ∇Βわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (...sacrifice a Hady such as you can afford) includes a sheep also, as Imam Malik report ed t hat ` Ali bin Abu Talib used t o say. Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Hady includes eight t ypes of animals: camels, cows, goat s and sheep.'' ` Abdur-Razzaq report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about what Allah said:

びン ͡ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ∠ ジ ∠ ∇Βわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (...sacrifice a Hady such as you can afford) "As much as one could afford.'' Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "If one can afford it , t hen camels, ot herwise cows, or sheep.'' Hisham bin ` Urwah quot ed his fat her:

びン ͡ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ∠ ジ ∠ ∇Βわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (...sacrifice a Hady (animal, i.e., a sheep, a cow, or a camel) such as you can afford) ` Depending on t he price.' The proof t hat sacrificing only a sheep is allowed in t he case of being prevent ed from cont inuing t he rit es, is t hat Allah has required sacrificing what ever is available as a Hady, and t he Hady is any t ype of cat t le; be it camels, cows or sheep. This is t he opinion of Ibn ` Abbas

t he cousin of Allah's Messenger and t he scholar of Tafsir. It is report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat ` A'ishah, t he Mot her of t he believers, said, "The Prophet once offered some sheep as Hady.'' Allah's st at ement :

びヮ⊥ ヤｚエ ͡ ョ∠ ン ⊥ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ シ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ͡∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (...and do not shave your heads unt il t he Hady reaches t he place of sacrifice.) is a cont inuat ion of His st at ement :

びヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ り∠ ゲ∠ ∇ヨバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ア ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲぁヨ͡ゎ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (And complet e, t he Haj j and ` Umrah for Allah.) and is not dependent upon:

びン ͡ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ∠ ジ ∠ ∇Βわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲダ ͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ぴ (But if you are prevent ed, t hen sacrifice a Hady) as Ibn Jarir has erroneously claimed. When t he Prophet and his Companions were prevent ed from ent ering t he Sacred House during t he AlHudaybiyyah year by t he polyt heist s from Quraysh, t hey shaved t heir heads and sacrificed t heir Hady out side t he Haram (Sacred) area. In normal circumst ances, and when one can safely reach t he House, he is not allowed t o shave his head unt il:

びヮ⊥ ヤｚエ ͡ ョ∠ ン ⊥ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (.. .and do not shave your heads unt il t he Hady reaches t he place of sacrifice.) and t hen he ends t he rit uals of Haj j or ` Umrah, or bot h if he had assumed Ihram for bot h. It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Hafsah said, "O Allah's Messenger! What is wrong wit h t he people, t hey have finished t heir Ihram for ` Umrah but you have not '' The Prophet said,

ヴｚわェ ∠ モ ぁェ ͡ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩ヶ͡Α∇ギワ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ギヤｚホ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡シ∇ぺケ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ギｚらャ∠ ヶあルま» «ゲ∠エ∇ルぺ∠ (I mat t ed my hair and I have garlanded my Hady (animals for sacrifice), so I will not finish my Ihram t ill I offer t he sacrifice.)

Whoever shaved his Head during Ihram, will have to pay the Fidyah Allah said:

ヮ͡ シ ͡ ∇ぺケｚ リあョ ン⇔ク∠ぺ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ツΑ͡ゲョｚ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ びマ ∃ジ ⊥ ル⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ュ∃ ゅ∠Βタ ͡ リあョ る∀ Α∠ ∇ギヘ͡ プ∠ (And whosoever of you is ill or has an ailment on his scalp (necessit at ing shaving), he must pay a Fidyah.) Al-Bukhari report ed t hat ` Abdur-Rahman bin Asbahani said t hat he heard ` Abdullah bin Ma` qil saying t hat he sat wit h Ka` b bin ` Uj rah in t he mosque of Kufah (in Iraq). He t hen asked him about t he Fidyah of t he fast ing. Ka` b said, "This was revealed concerning my case especially, but it is also for you in general. I was carried t o Allah's Messenger and t he lice were falling in great numbers on my face. The Prophet said:

ギ⊥ イ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョぺ ∩や∠グワ マ ∠ よ ヒ∠ ヤ∠よ ギ∠ ∇ヰイ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ン∠ケぺ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ» «りゅ∠セ : (I never t hought t hat your ailment (or st ruggle) had reached t o such an ext ent as I see. Can you afford a sheep (for sacrifice)' I replied in t he negat ive.) He t hen said:

あモム⊥ ャ͡ ∩∠リΒ͡ミゅ∠ジ∠ョ る∠ わｚ シ ͡ ∇ユバ͡ ∇デぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る∠ を∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ∇ユタ ⊥ » «マ∠シ∇ぺケ∠ ∇ペヤ͡∇ェや∠ヱ ∩∃ュゅ∠バデ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ネ ∃ ゅ∠タ ブ ⊥ ∇ダル͡ リ ∃ Β͡ム∇ジョ͡ (Fast for t hree days or feed six poor persons, each wit h half a Sa` of food (1 Sa` = 3 kilograms approx.) and shave your head.) So t his is a general j udgement derived from a specific case. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ka` b bin ` Uj rah said, "Allah's Messenger came by while I was ignit ing t he fire under a pot and while t he lice were falling down my head or my eyelids. He said:

«マ͡シ∇ぺケ∠ ュぁ や∠ヲワ∠ マ ∠ Α͡ク∇ぽΑ⊥ » : (Do t hese lice in your head bot her you) I said, ` Yes.' He said:

る∠ わｚ シ ͡ ∇ユバ͡ ∇デぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∃ュゅｚΑぺ∠ る∠ を∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ∇ユタ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∇ボヤ͡∇ェゅ∠プ» «る∠ムΒ͡ジル∠ ∇マジ ⊥ ∇ルや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡ミゅ∠ジョ∠ (Shave it , t hen fast t hree days, or feed six poor people, or sacrifice an animal.) Ayyub (one of t he narrat ors of t he Hadit h) comment ed, "I do not know which alt ernat ive was st at ed first .'' The wording of t he Qur'an begins wit h t he easiest t hen t he more difficult opt ions: "Pay a Fidyah of fast ing (t hree days), feeding (six poor persons) or sacrificing (an animal).'' Meanwhile, t he Prophet advised Ka` b wit h t he more rewarding opt ion first , t hat is, sacrificing a sheep, t hen feeding six poor persons, t hen fast ing t hree days. Each Text is suit able in it s place and cont ext , all t he t hanks and praises are due t o Allah.

Tamattu` during Hajj Allah said:

ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ア あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇ヨバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ノ∠ わｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ͡ョぺ∠ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ びン ͡ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ∠ ジ ∠ ∇Βわ∠ ∇シや (Then if you are in safet y and whosoever performs t he ` Umrah (in t he mont hs of Haj j ), before (performing) t he Haj j , he must slaught er a Hady such as he can afford,) That is, when you are able t o complet e t he rit es, so whoever among you connect s his ` Umrah wit h Haj j having t he same Ihram for bot h, or, first assuming Ihram for ` Umrah, and t hen assuming Ihram for Haj j when finished t he ` Umrah, t his is t he more specific t ype of Tamat t u` which is well-known among t he discussion of t he scholars whereas in general t here are t wo t ypes of Tamat t u` , as t he aut hent ic Hadit hs prove, since among t he narrat ors are t hose who said, "Allah's Messenger performed Tamat t u` , and ot hers who said, "Qarin" but t here is no difference bet ween t hem over t he Hady. So Allah said,

ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ア あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇ヨバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ノ∠ わｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ͡ョぺ∠ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ びン ͡ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ∠ ジ ∠ ∇Βわ∠ ∇シや (Then if you are in safet y and whosoever performs t he ` Umrah (in t he mont hs of Haj j ), before (performing) t he Haj j (i.e., Haj j At -Tamat t u` and Al-Qiran), he must slaught er a Hady such as he can afford,) means let him sacrifice what ever Hady is available t o him, t he least of which is a sheep. One is also allowed t o sacrifice a cow because t he Prophet slaught ered cows on behalf

of his wives. Al-Awza` i report ed t hat Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger slaught ered cows on behalf of his wives when t hey were performing Tamat t u` . This was report ed by Abu Bakr bin Marduwyah. This last Hadit h proves t hat Tamat t u` is legislat ed. It is report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat ` Imran bin Husayn said, "We performed Haj j At -Tamat t u` in t he lifet ime of Allah's Messenger and t hen t he Qur'an was revealed (regarding Haj j At -Tamat t u` ). Not hing was revealed t o forbid it , nor did he (t he Prophet ) forbid it unt il he died. And somebody said what he wished (regarding Haj j At -Tamat t u` ) according t o his own opinion.'' Al-Bukhari said t hat ` Imran was t alking about ` Umar. It is report ed in an aut hent ic narrat ion t hat ` Umar used t o discourage t he people from performing Tamat t u` . He used t o say, "If we refer t o Allah's Book, we should complet e it ,'' meaning:

リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ∠ ジ ∠ ∇Βわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ア あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇ヨバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ノ∠ わｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ びン ͡ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや (...whosoever performs t he ` Umrah (in t he mont hs of Haj j ), before (performing) t he Haj j , he must slaught er a Hady such as he can afford,) However ` Umar did not say t hat Tamat t u` is unlawful. He only prevent ed t hem so t hat t he people would increase t heir t rips t o t he House for Haj j (during t he mont hs of Haj j ) and ` Umrah (t hroughout t he year), as he himself has st at ed.

Whoever performs Tamattu` should fast Ten Days if He does not have a Hady Allah said:

る∃ バ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ヱ∠ ア あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠Βダ ͡ プ∠ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ びる∀ ヤ∠ョ͡ ゅ∠ミ り∀ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バィ ∠ ケ∠ や∠クま͡ (...but if he cannot (afford it ), he should fast t hree days during t he Haj j and seven days aft er his ret urn (t o his home), making t en days in all.) This Ayah means: "Those who do not find a Hady, let t hem fast t hree days during t he Haj j season.'' Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "If one does not have a Hady, he should fast t hree days during Haj j , before ` Arafah day. If t he day of ` Arafah was t he t hird day, t hen his fast is complet e. He should also fast seven days when he get s back home.'' Abu Ishaq report ed from Wabarah from Ibn ` Umar who said, "One fast s one day before t he day of Tarwiyah, t he day of Tarwiyah (eight h day of Dhul-Hij j ah) and t hen ` Arafah day (t he nint h day of t he mont h of DhulHij j ah).'' The same st at ement was report ed by Ja` far bin Muhammad from his fat her from ` Ali.

If one did not fast t hese t hree days or at least some of t hem before ` Id day (t he t ent h day of Dhul-Hij j ah), he is allowed t o fast during t he Tashriq days (11-12-13t h day of Dhul-Hij j ah). ` A'ishah and Ibn ` Umar said, "Fast ing t he days of Tashriq was only allowed for t hose who did not find t he Hady,'' as Al-Bukhari has report ed. Sufyan relat ed t hat Ja` far bin Muhammad narrat ed t hat his fat her said t hat ` Ali said, "Whoever did not fast t he t hree days during t he Haj j , should fast t hem during t he days of Tashriq.'' This is also t he posit ion t aken by ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr Al-Layt hi, ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and ` Urwah bin Az-Zubayr, referring t o t he general meaning of Allah's st at ement :

びア あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠Βダ ͡ プ∠ ぴ (...fast t hree days during t he Haj j ...) As for what Muslim report ed t hat Qut aybah Al-Hudhali said t hat Allah's Messenger said:

ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ ヱ∠ ∩∃ゆ∇ゲセ ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ∃ ∇ミぺ∠ ュ⊥ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ペ ͡ Α͡ゲ∇ゼわｚ ャや ュ⊥ ゅｚΑぺ∠» «モ∠ィヱ∠ (The days of Tashriq are days of eat ing and drinking and remembering Allah t he Exalt ed.) This narrat ion is general in meaning while what ` A'ishah and Ibn ` Umar narrat ed is specific. Allah said:

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇バィ ∠ ケ∠ や∠クま͡ る∃ バ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (...and seven days aft er his ret urn.) There are t wo opinions regarding t he meaning of t his Ayah. First , it means ` when you ret urn t o t he camping areas'. The second, upon going back home. ` Abdur-Razzaq report ed t hat Salim narrat ed t hat he heard Ibn ` Umar saying:

る∃ バ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ヱ∠ ア あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠Βダ ͡ プ∠ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ び∇ユわ⊥ ∇バィ ∠ ケ∠ や∠クま͡ "(...but if he cannot (afford it ), he should fast t hree days during t he Haj j and seven days aft er his ret urn,) means when he goes back t o his family. '' The same opinion was report ed from Sa` id bin Jubayr, Abu Al-` Aliyah, Muj ahid, ` At a', ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Imam Az-Zuhri and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas.

Al-Bukhari report ed t hat Salim bin ` Abdullah narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Umar said, "During t he Farewell Haj j of Allah's Messenger , he performed Tamat t u` wit h ` Umrah and Haj j . He drove a Hady along wit h him from Dhul-Hulayfah. Allah's Messenger st art ed by assuming Ihram for ` Umrah, and t hen for Haj j . And t he people, t oo, performed t he ` Umrah and Haj j along wit h t he Prophet . Some of t hem brought t he Hady and drove it along wit h t hem, while t he ot hers did not . So, when t he Prophet arrived at Makkah, he said t o t he people:

￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ン∠ギ∇ワぺ∠ ユ⊥ム∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ » ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮイ ｚェ ∠ ヶ ∠ツ ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ュ∠ ゲ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ゲダ あ ボ∠ Β⊥ ∇ャヱ∠ り͡ ヱ∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヘダ ｚ ャゅよヱ ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャゅよ ∇ブト ⊥ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ン∠ギ∇ワぺ∠ ゅ⇔Α∇ギワ∠ ∇ギイ ∠ Α ∇ユャ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩あアエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ｚモヰ͡ Β⊥ ∇ャ ｚユを⊥ ∩∇モヤ͡∇エΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ヴャ͡ま ノ∠ ィ ∠ ケ∠ や∠クま͡ る⇔ バ∇らシ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩あアエ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る∠ を∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ∇ユダ ⊥ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ «ヮ͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ (Whoever among you has driven t he Hady, should not finish his Ihram t ill he complet es his Haj j . And whoever among you has not (driven) t he Hady wit h him, he should perform Tawaf of t he Ka` bah and bet ween As-Safa and Al-Marwah. Then, he should shave or cut his hair short and finish his Ihram, and should lat er assume Ihram for Haj j ; but he must offer a Hady (sacrifice) . And if anyone cannot afford a Hady, he should fast for t hree days during t he Haj j and seven days when he ret urns home.) He t hen ment ioned t he rest of t he Hadit h, which is report ed in t he Two Sahihs. Allah said:

びる∀ ヤ∠ョ͡ ゅ∠ミ り∀ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ (...making t en days in all.) t o emphasize t he ruling we ment ioned above. This met hod is common in t he Arabic language, for t hey would say, ` I have seen wit h my eyes, heard wit h my ears and writ t en wit h my hand,' t o emphasize such fact s. Similarly, Allah said:

びヮ͡ ∇Βェ ∠ ゅ∠レイ ∠ よ͡ ゲ⊥ Β͡トΑ∠ ゲ∃ も͡ ゅ∠デ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (...nor a bird t hat flies wit h it s t wo wings) (6:38) and:

びマ ∠ レ͡ Βヨ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ぁトガ ⊥ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(...nor did you writ e any book (what soever) wit h your right hand) (29:48) and:

ユｚ わ∠ プ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ゼバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ワゅ∠レ∇ヨヨ∠ ∇ゎぺ∠ヱ∠ る⇔ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ん⇒∠ヤを∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠ル∇ギ∠ハ∠ヱ∠ヱぴ びる⇔ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ボΒ͡ョ (And We appoint ed for Musa t hirt y night s and added (t o t he period) t en (more), and he complet ed t he t erm, appoint ed by his Lord, of fort y night s.) (7:142) It was also said t hat t he meaning of "t en days in all'' emphasizes t he order t o fast for t en days, not less t han t hat .

The Residents of Makkah do not perform Tamattu" Allah said:

ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ゲッ ͡ ゅ∠ェ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ワぺ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ヨャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ びュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや (This is for him whose family is not present at Al-Masj id Al-Haram (i.e., non-resident of Makkah).) This Ayah concerns t he resident s of t he area of t he Haram, for t hey do not perform Tamat t u` . ` Abdur-Razzaq report ed t hat Tawus said, "Tamat t u` is for t he people, t hose whose families are not residing in t he Haram area (Makkah), not for t he resident s of Makkah. Hence Allah's St at ement :

ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ゲッ ͡ ゅ∠ェ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ワぺ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ヨャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ びュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや (This is for him whose family is not present at Al-Masj id Al-Haram (i.e., non-resident of Makkah).) ` Abdur-Razzaq t hen said, "I was also t old t hat Ibn ` Abbas said similar t o Tawus.'' Allah said:

びヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (...and fear Allah) meaning, in what He has commanded you and what He prohibit ed for you. He t hen said:

びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱぴ (...and know t hat Allah is severe in punishment ) for t hose who defy His command and commit what He has prohibit ed.

ア ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ チ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ∀ろ⇒∠ョヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ∀ゲヰ⊥ ∇セ∠ぺ ア ぁエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ア あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ メ ∠ や∠ギィ ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ベ ∠ ヲ⊥ジプ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゑ ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キヱｚ ゴ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヮ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ びょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ ∠ や ヶ͡ャ∇ヱほ⊥Α ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや キ͡ やｚゴャや (197. The Haj j (pilgrimage) is (in) t he well-known mont hs. So whosoever int ends t o perform Haj j t herein (by assuming Ihram), t hen he should not have sexual relat ions (wit h his wife), nor commit sin, nor disput e unj ust ly during t he Haj j . And what ever good you do, Allah knows it . And t ake provisions for t he j ourney, but t he best provision is At -Taqwa (piet y, right eousness). So fear Me, O men of underst anding!)

When does Ihram for Hajj start Allah said:

び∀ろ⇒∠ョヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ∀ゲヰ⊥ ∇セ∠ぺ ア ぁエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (The Haj j is (in) t he well-known mont hs.) This Ayah indicat es t hat Ihram for Haj j only occurs during t he mont hs of Haj j . This was report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, Jabir, ` At a', Tawus and Muj ahid. The proof for t his is Allah's st at ement t hat Haj j occurs during known, specific mont hs, which indicat es t hat Haj j is not allowed before t hat , j ust as t he prayer has a fixed t ime (before which one's prayer is not accept ed). Ash-Shafi` i recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "No person should assume Ihram for Haj j before t he mont hs of t he Haj j , for Allah said:

び∀ろ⇒∠ョヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ∀ゲヰ⊥ ∇セ∠ぺ ア ぁエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (The Haj j is (in) t he well-known mont hs.) Ibn Khuzaymah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "No Ihram for Haj j should be assumed, except during t he mont hs of Haj j , for among t he Sunnah of Haj j is t hat one assume Ihram for it during

t he Haj j mont hs. '' This is an aut hent ic narrat ion and t he Companion's st at ement t hat such and such is among t he Sunnah is considered as a Hadit h of t he Prophet , according t o t he maj orit y of t he scholars. This is especially t he case when it is Ibn ` Abbas who issued t his st at ement , as he is t he Tarj uman (t ranslat or, int erpret er, explainer) of t he Qur'an. There is a Hadit h about t his subj ect t oo. Ibn Marduwyah relat ed t hat Jabir narrat ed t hat t he Prophet said:

ゲ͡ ヰ⊥ ∇セぺ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅｚャま͡ ア あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ュ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ ヶ͡ピら∠ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ア∠エ∇ャや (No one should assume Ihram for Haj j , but during t he mont hs of Haj j .) The chain of narrat ors for t his Hadit h is reasonable. Ash-Shafi` i and Al-Bayhaqi recorded t his Hadit h from Ibn Jurayj who relat ed t hat Abu Az-Zubayr said t hat he heard Jabir bin ` Abdullah being asked, "Does one assume Ihram for Haj j before t he mont hs of t he Haj j '' He said, "No.'' This narrat ion is more reliable t han t he narrat ion t hat we ment ioned from t he Prophet . In short , t his st at ement is t he opinion of t he Companion, support ed by Ibn ` Abbas' st at ement t hat it is a part of t he Sunnah not t o assume Ihram for Haj j before t he mont hs of t he Haj j . Allah knows best .

The Months of Hajj Allah said:

び∀ろ⇒∠ョヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ∀ゲヰ⊥ ∇セ∠ぺぴ (...t he well-known mont hs.) Al-Bukhari said t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat t hese are Shawwal, Dhul-Qa` dah and t he first t en days of Dhul-Hij j ah. This narrat ion for which Al-Bukhari did not ment ion t he chain of narrat ors, was collect ed by a cont inuous chain of narrat ors t hat Ibn Jarir rendered aut hent ic, leading t o Ibn ` Umar, who said:

び∀ろ⇒∠ョヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ∀ゲヰ⊥ ∇セ∠ぺ ア ぁエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (The Haj j (pilgrimage) is (in) t he well-known (lunar year) mont hs.) "which are Shawwal, DhulQa` dah and t he (first ) t en days of Dhul-Hij j ah.'' It s chain is Sahih. Al-Hakim also recorded it in his Must adrak, and he said,"It meet s t he crit eria of t he Two Shaykhs." This st at ement is also report ed from ` Umar, ` Ali, Ibn Mas` ud, ` Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr, Ibn ` Abbas, ` At a', Tawus, Muj ahid, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Imam Ash-Sha` bi, Al-Hasan, Ibn Sirin,

Makhul, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak bin Muzahim, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and Muqat il bin Hayyan. This opinion was preferred by Ibn Jarir who said, "It is a common pract ice t o call t wo mont hs and a part of t he t hird mont h as ` mont hs'. This is similar t o t he Arab's saying, ` I visit ed such and such person t his year or t his day.' He only visit ed him during a part of t he year and a part of t he day. Allah said:

びヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ∠ ∇をま͡ Κ ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ∠イ ｚ バ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (But whosoever hast ens t o leave in t wo days, t here is no sin on him.) In t his case, one will only be hast ening for one and a half days.'' Allah t hen said:

びア ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ チ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (So whosoever int ends (Farada) t o perform Haj j t herein (by assuming Ihram),) meaning t hat one's assuming t he Ihram requires a Haj j , for t he person is required t o complet e t he rit uals of Haj j aft er assuming Ihram. Ibn Jarir said t hat Al-` Awfi said, "The scholars agree t hat (Farada) ` int ends' ment ioned in t he Ayah means it is a requirement and an obligat ion.'' ` Ali bin Abu Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: f

びア ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ チ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (So whosoever int ends t o perform Haj j t herein (by assuming Ihram), ) refers t o t hose who assume Ihram for Haj j and ` Umrah''. ` At a' said, "'Int ends', means, assumes t he Ihram.'' Similar st at ement s were at t ribut ed t o Ibrahim, Ad-Dahhak and ot hers.

Prohibition of Rafath (Sexual Intercourse) during Hajj Allah said:

びゑ ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (He should not have Rafat h) This Ayah means t hat t hose who assume t he Ihram for Haj j or ` Umrah are required t o avoid t he Rafat h, meaning, sexual int ercourse. Allah's st at ement here is similar t o His st at ement :

び∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠ジル͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゑ ⊥ プ∠ ｚゲャや ュ͡ ゅ∠Βダ あ ャや る∠ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ｚモェ ͡ ぺ⊥ぴ

(It is made lawful for you t o have Rafat h (sexual relat ions) wit h your wives on t he night of t he fast .) (2:187) What ever might lead t o sexual int ercourse, such as embracing, kissing and t alking t o women about similar subj ect s, is not allowed. Ibn Jarir report ed t hat Nafi` narrat ed t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said, "Rafat h means sexual int ercourse or ment ioning t his subj ect wit h t he t ongue, by eit her men or women.'' ` At a' bin Abu Rabah said t hat Rafat h means sexual int ercourse and foul speech. This is also t he opinion of ` Amr bin Dinar. ` At a' also said t hat t hey used t o even prevent t alking (or hint ing) about t his subj ect . Tawus said t hat Rafat h includes one's saying, "When I end t he Ihram I will have sex wit h you.'' This is also t he same explanat ion offered by Abu Al-` Aliyah regarding Rafat h. ` Ali bin Abu Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Rafat h means having sex wit h t he wife, kissing, fondling and saying foul words t o her, and similar act s.'' Ibn ` Abbas and Ibn ` Umar said t hat Rafat h means t o have sex wit h women. This is also t he opinion of Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Ikrimah, Muj ahid, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Abu Al-` Aliyah who narrat ed it from ` At a' and Makhul, ` At a Al-Khurasani, ` At a' bin Yasar, ` At iyah, Ibrahim, Ar-Rabi` , AzZuhri, As-Suddi, Malik bin Anas, Muqat il bin Hayyan, ` Abdul-Karim bin Malik, Al-Hasan, Qat adah and Ad-Dahhak, and ot hers.

The Prohibition of Fusuq during Hajj Allah said:

びベ ∠ ヲ⊥ジプ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (...nor commit sin) Miqsam and several ot her scholars relat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "It is disobedience." This is also t he opinion of ` At a,' Muj ahid, Tawus, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Muhammad bin Ka` b, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Az-Zuhri, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, ` At a' bin Yasar, ` At a' Al-Khurasani and Muqat il bin Hayyan. Ibn Wahb report ed t hat Nafi` narrat ed t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said, "Fusuq or sin ment ioned in t he Ayah (2:197) refers t o commit t ing what Allah has forbidden in t he Sacred Area.'' Several ot hers said t hat Fusuq means cursing ot hers, t hey based t his on t he aut hent ic Hadit h:

«ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠わホ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ベヲ⊥ジプ⊥ ユ͡ ヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠らシ ͡» (Cursing t he Muslim is Fusuq, while fight ing him is Kufr.) ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said Fusuq here means slaught ering animals for t he idols, as Allah said:

びヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ャ͡ ｚモワ͡ ぺ⊥ ゅ⇔ボ∇ジプ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (...or impious (Fisq) meat (of an animal) which is slaught ered as a sacrifice for ot hers t han Allah.) (6: 145)

Ad-Dahhak said t hat Fusuq is insult ing one anot her wit h bad nicknames. Those who said t hat t he Fusuq means all t ypes of disobedience are correct . Allah has also prohibit ed commit t ing inj ust ice during t he mont hs of Haj j in specific, alt hough inj ust ice is prohibit ed t hroughout t he year. This is why Allah said:

∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ユ⊥ あΒボ∠ ∇ャや リ ⊥ Αあギャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク ∀ュゲ⊥ ェ ⊥ る∀ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ (...of t hem four are sacred. That is t he right religion, so wrong not yourselves t herein.) (9:36) Allah said about t he Sacred Area:

びユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇ホグ͡ ぁル ユ∃ ∇ヤヌ ⊥ よ͡ キ∃ ゅ∠エ∇ャみ͡よ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (...and whoever inclines t o evil act ions t herein or t o do wrong, him We shall cause t o t ast e from a painful t orment .) (22:25) It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said:

ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ ∇ペジ ⊥ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ゑプ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∩∠ろ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや や∠グワ∠ ア ｚェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ヮぁョぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇ゎギ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ミ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ∇リョ͡ (Whoever performed Haj j t o t his (Sacred) House and did not commit Rafat h or Fusuq, will ret urn sinless, j ust as t he day his mot her gave birt h t o him.)

The Prohibition of arguing during Hajj Allah said:

びア あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ メ ∠ や∠ギィ ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor should t here be Jidal during Haj j ) meaning, disput es and argument s. Ibn Jarir relat ed t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said t hat what Allah said:

びア あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ メ ∠ や∠ギィ ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(...nor disput e unj ust ly during t he Haj j .) means t o argue wit h your companion (or fellow) unt il you make him angry. This is similar t o t he t he opinion t hat Miqsam and Ad-Dahhak relat ed t o Ibn ` Abbas. This is also t he same meaning report ed from Abu Al-` Aliyah, ` At a', Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Ikrimah, Jabir bin Zayd, ` At a' Al-Khurasani, Makhul, As-Suddi, Muqat il bin Hayyan, ` Amr bin Dinar, Ad-Dahhak, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, ` At a bin Yasar, Al-Hasan, Qat adah and Az-Zuhri.

The Encouragement for Righteous Deeds and to bring Provisions for Hajj Allah said:

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And what ever good you do, Allah knows it .) Aft er Allah prohibit ed evil in deed and t ongue, He encouraged right eous, good deeds, st at ing t hat He is knowledgeable of t he good t hat t hey do, and He will reward t hem wit h t he best awards on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Allah said next :

びン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや キ͡ やｚゴャや ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キヱｚ ゴ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t ake provisions (wit h you) for t he j ourney, but t he best provision is At -Taqwa (piet y, right eousness).) Al-Bukhari and Abu Dawud report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The people of Yemen used t o go t o Haj j wit hout t aking enough supplies wit h t hem. They used t o say, ` We are t hose who have Tawakkul (reliance on Allah).' Allah revealed t his Ayah:

びン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや キ͡ やｚゴャや ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キヱｚ ゴ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t ake provisions (wit h you) for t he j ourney, but t he best provision is At -Taqwa (piet y, right eousness).) Ibn Jarir and Ibn Marduwyah narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Umar said, "When people assumed Ihram, t hey would t hrow away what ever provisions t hey had and would acquire ot her t ypes of provisions. Allah revealed:

びン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや キ͡ やｚゴャや ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キヱｚ ゴ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And t ake a provisions (wit h you) for t he j ourney, but t he best provision is At -Taqwa (piet y, right eousness).) Allah forbade t hem from t his pract ice and required t hem t o t ake flour and Sawiq (a t ype of food usually eat en wit h dat es) wit h t hem.''

The Provisions of the Hereafter Allah said:

びン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや キ͡ やｚゴャや ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (...but t he best provision is At -Taqwa (piet y, right eousness).) When Allah required mankind t o supply t hemselves wit h what sust ains t hem for t he j ourneys of t his life, He direct ed t hem t o t he necessary provisions for t he Hereaft er: Taqwa. Allah said in anot her Ayah:

び∀ゲ∇Β∠カ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや サ ⊥ ゅ∠らャ͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゼΑ͡ケヱ∠ ぴ (...and as an adornment ; and t he raiment of Taqwa, t hat is bet t er.) (7:26) Allah ment ioned t he mat erial covering and t hen He ment ioned t he spirit ual covering, which includes humbleness, obedience and Taqwa. He also st at ed t hat t he lat t er provision is bet t er and more beneficial t han t he former.

びょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ ∠ や ヶ͡ャ∇ヱほ⊥Α ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (So fear Me, O men of underst anding!) meaning: ` Fear My t orment , punishment , and afflict ion for t hose who defy Me and do not adhere t o My commands, O people of reason and underst anding.'

∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リョあ Κ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プ ろ ∃ ⇒∠プゲ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョあ ユ⊥わ∇ツプ∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ギワ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ バ∠ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや びリ ∠ Βあャべｚツャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ (198. There is no sin on you if you seek t he bount y of your Lord (during pilgrimage by t rading). Then when you leave ` Arafat , remember Allah (by glorifying His praises, i.e., prayers and invocat ions) at t he Mash` ar-il-Haram. And remember Him (by invoking Allah for all good) as He has guided you, and verily you were before, of t hose who were ast ray).

Commercial Transactions during Hajj Al-Bukhari report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "` Ukaz, Mij annah and Dhul-Maj az were t rading post s during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah. During t hat era, t hey did not like t he idea of conduct ing business t ransact ions during t he Haj j season. Lat er, t his Ayah was revealed:

び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ Κ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ (There is no sin on you if you seek t he bount y of your Lord.) during t he Haj j season.'' Abu Dawud and ot hers recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "They used t o avoid conduct ing business t ransact ions during t he Haj j season, saying t hat t hese are t he days of Dhikr. Allah revealed:

び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ Κ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ (There is no sin on you if you seek t he bount y of your Lord (during pilgrimage by t rading).) This is also t he explanat ion of Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Ikrimah, Mansur bin Al-Mu` t amir, Qat adah, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and ot hers. Ibn Jarir report ed t hat Abu Umaymah said t hat when Ibn ` Umar was asked about conduct ing t rade during t he Haj j , he recit ed t he Ayah:

び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ Κ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ (There is no sin on you if you seek t he bount y of your Lord (during pilgrimage by t rading). ) This Hadit h is relat ed t o Ibn ` Umar wit h a st rong chain of narrat ors. This Hadit h is also relat ed t o t he Prophet , as Ahmad report ed t hat Abu Umamah At -Taymi said, "I asked Ibn ` Umar, ` We buy (and sell during t he Haj j ), so do we st ill have a valid Haj j ' He said, ` Do you not perform Tawaf around t he House, st and at ` Arafat , t hrow t he pebbles and shave your heads' I said, ` Yes.' Ibn ` Umar said, ` A man came t o t he Prophet and asked him about what you asked me, and t he Prophet did not answer him unt il Jibril came down wit h t his Ayah:

び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ Κ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ (There is no sin on you if you seek t he bount y of your Lord (during pilgrimage by t rading).) The Prophet summoned t he man and said: (You are pilgrims).'' Ibn Jarir narrat ed t hat Abu Salih said t o ` Umar, "` O Leader of t he fait hful! Did you conduct t rade t ransact ions during t he Haj j '' He said, "Was t heir livelihood except during Haj j ''

Standing at ` Arafat

Allah said:

ギ∠ レハ ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プ ろ ∃ ⇒∠プゲ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョあ ユ⊥わ∇ツプ∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ びュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ バ∠ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや (Then when you leave ` Arafat , remember Allah (by glorifying His praises, i.e., prayers and invocat ions) at t he Mash` ar-il-Haram.) ` Arafat is t he place where one st ands during t he Haj j and it is a pillar of t he rit uals of Haj j . Imam Ahmad and t he Sunan compilers recorded t hat ` Abdur-Rahman bin Ya` mar Ad-Diyli said t hat he heard Allah's Messenger saying:

∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ る∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ポ ∠ ケ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ ∀れゅ∠プ∠ゲ∠ハ ア ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや» ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩∀る⇒⇒を∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ヴ⇔レョ͡ ュ⊥ ゅｚΑぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ポケ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ヤ⊥∇トΑ∠ ユ∠ ∇をま͡ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ゲｚカほ∠ゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ∠ ∇をま͡ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡プ モ ∠イ ｚ バ∠ ゎ∠ «ヮΒ∠ヤハ ∠ (Haj j is ` Arafat , (t hrice). Hence, t hose who have st ood at ` Arafat before dawn will have performed (t he rit uals of t he Haj j ). The days of Mina are t hree, and t here is no sin for t hose who move on aft er t wo days, or for t hose who st ay.) The t ime t o st and on ` Arafat st art s from noon on t he day of ` Arafah unt il dawn t he next day, which is t he day of t he Sacrifice (t he t ent h day of Dhul-Hij j ah). The Prophet st ood at ` Arafat during t he Farewell Haj j , aft er he had offered t he Zuhr (noon) prayer, unt il sunset . He said, "Learn your rit uals from me.'' In t his Hadit h (i. e., in t he previous paragraph) he said, "Whoever st ood at ` Arafat before dawn, will have performed (t he rit uals of Haj j ).'' c` Urwah bin Mudarris bin Harit hah bin Lam At -Ta'i said, "I came t o Allah's Messenger at Al-Muzdalifah when it was t ime t o pray. I said, ` O Messenger of Allah! I came from t he t wo mount ains of Tayy', and my animal became t ired and I became t ired. I have not left any mount ain, but st ood on it . Do I have a valid Haj j ' Allah's Messenger said:

∩∠ノプ∠ ∇ギル∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ∠レバ∠ ョ∠ ブ ∠ ホ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ログ͡ ワ ゅ∠レゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ユｚ ゎ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ や⇔ケゅヰ∠ル ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヤ∇Βャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ る∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ バ∠ よ͡ ブ ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ «ヮ∠んヘ∠ ゎ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁイェ ∠

(Whoever performed t his prayer wit h us, st ood wit h us unt il we moved fort h, and had st ood at ` Arafat before t hat , day or night , will have performed t he Haj j and complet ed it s rit uals).'' This Hadit h was collect ed by Imam Ahmad and t he compilers of t he Sunan, and At -Tirmidhi graded it S ahih. It was report ed t hat t he mount was called ` Arafat because, as ` Abdur-Razzaq report ed t hat ` Ali bin Abu Talib said, "Allah sent Jibril t o Prophet Ibrahim and he performed Haj j for him (t o t each him it s rit uals). When Ibrahim reached ` Arafat he said, ` I have ` Araft u (I know t his place).' He had come t o t hat area before. Thereaft er, it was called ` Arafat .'' Ibn AlMubarak said t hat ` At a' said, "It was called ` Arafat because Jibril used t o t each Ibrahim t he rit uals of Haj j . Ibrahim would say, ` I have ` Araft u, I have ` Araft u.' It was t hereaft er called ` Arafat .'' Similar st at ement s were at t ribut ed t o Ibn ` Abbas, Ibn ` Umar and Abu Mij laz. Allah knows best . ` Arafat is also called Al-Mash` ar Al-Haram, Al-Mash` ar Al-Aqsa and Ilal, while t he mount t hat is in t he middle of ` Arafat is called Jabal Ar-Rahmah (Mount of Mercy).

The Time to leave ` Arafat and Al-Muzdalifah Ibn Abu Hat im report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, t he people used t o st and at ` Arafat . When t he sun would be on t op of t he mount ains, j ust as t he t urban is on t op of a man's head, t hey would move on. Allah's Messenger delayed moving from ` Arafat unt il sunset .'' Ibn Marduwyah relat ed t his Hadit h and added, "He t hen st ood at Al-Muzdalifah and offered t he Faj r (Dawn) prayer at an early t ime. When t he light of dawn broke, he moved on.'' This Hadit h has a Hasan chain of narrat ors. The long Hadit h t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah narrat ed, which Muslim collect ed, st at ed, "The Prophet kept st anding t here (meaning at ` Arafat ) unt il sunset , when t he yellow light had somewhat gone and t he disc of t he sun had disappeared. Then, t he Prophet made Usamah sit behind him, and in order t o keep her under cont rol, pulled t he nose st ring of Al-Qaswa' so hard, t hat it s head t ouched t he saddle. He gest ured wit h his right hand and said, "Proceed calmly people, calmly!" Whenever he happened t o pass over an elevat ed t ract of sand, he light ly loosened t he nose st ring of his camel t ill she climbed up and t his is how t hey reached Al-Muzdalifah. There, he led t he Maghrib (Evening) and ` Isha' (Night ) prayers wit h one Adhan and t wo Iqamah (which announces t he imminent st art of t he act s of t he prayer) and did not glorify Allah in bet ween t hem (i.e., he did not perform volunt ary Rak` ah). Allah's Messenger t hen laid down t ill dawn and offered t he Faj r (Dawn) prayer wit h Adhan and Iqamah, when t he morning light was clear. He again mount ed Al-Qaswa', and when he came t o Al-Mash` ar Al-Haram, he faced t owards Qiblah, supplicat ed t o Allah, glorifying Him and saying, La ilaha illallah, and he cont inued st anding unt il t he daylight was very clear. He t hen went quickly before t he sun rose.'' It is report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat Usamah bin Zayd was asked, "How was t he Prophet 's pace when he moved'' He said, "Slow, unless he found space, t hen he would go a lit t le fast er.''

Al-Mash` ar Al-Haram Abdur-Razzaq report ed t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat all of Al-Muzdalifah is Al-Mash` ar Al-Haram. It was report ed t hat Ibn ` Umar was asked about Allah's st at ement :

びュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ バ∠ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プぴ (...remember Allah (by glorif ying His praises, i.e., prayers and invocat ions) at t he Mash` ar-ilHaram.) He said, "It is t he Mount and t he surrounding area.'' It was report ed t hat Al-Mash` ar AlHaram is what is bet ween t he t wo Mount s (refer t o t he following Hadit h), as Ibn ` Abbas, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Ikrimah, Muj ahid, As-Suddi, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Al-Hasan and Qat adah have st at ed. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jubayr bin Mut ` im narrat ed t hat t he Prophet said:

ぁモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∠るル∠ ゲ∠ ハ ⊥ ∇リハ ∠ やヲ⊥バプ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱ ∩∀ブ͡ホ∇ヲ∠ョ れ ∃ ゅ∠プゲ∠ ハ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ » ぁモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∃ゲジ あエ ∠ ョ⊥ ∇リハ ∠ やヲ⊥バプ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱ ∩∀ブ͡ホ∇ヲ∠ョ る∠ ヘ∠ ャ͡キ∠ ∇ゴョ⊥ «ウ∇よク∠ ͡ペΑ͡ゲ∇ゼわｚ ャや ュ͡ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∀ゲエ ∠ ∇レョ∠ る∠ ムｚ ョ∠ ァ ͡ ゅ∠イプ͡ (All of ` Arafat is a place of st anding, and keep away from ` Uranah. All of Al-Muzdalifah is a place for st anding, and keep away from t he bot t om of Muhassir. All of t he areas of Makkah are a place for sacrifice, and all of t he days of Tashriq are days of sacrifice.) Allah t hen said:

び∇ユミ⊥ やギ∠ ワ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ (And remember Him (by invoking Allah for all good) as He has guided you. ) This Ayah reminds Muslims of Allah's bount y on t hem t hat He has direct ed and t aught t hem t he rit uals of Haj j according t o t he guidance of Prophet Ibrahim Al-Khalil. This is why Allah said:

びリ ∠ Βあャべｚツャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (...and verily, you were, before, of t hose who were ast ray.) It was said t hat t his Ayah refers t o t he condit ion before t he guidance or t he Qur'an or t he Messenger , all of which are correct meanings.

∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや チ ∠ ゅ∠プぺ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ツΒ͡プぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや

(199. Then depart from t he place whence all t he people depart and ask Allah for His forgiveness. Truly, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most -Merciful.

The Order to stand on ` Arafat and to depart from it This Ayah cont ains Allah's order t o t hose who st and at ` Arafat t o also move on t o Al-Muzdalifah, so t hat t hey remember Allah at Al-Mash` ar Al-Haram. Allah commands t he Muslim t o st and wit h t he rest of t he pilgrims at ` Arafat , unlike Quraysh who (before Islam) used t o remain in t he sanct uary, near Al-Muzdalifah, saying t hat t hey are t he people of Allah's Town and t he servant s of His House. Al-Bukhari report ed t hat ` A'ishah said, "Quraysh and t heir allies, who used t o be called Al-Hums, used t o st ay in Al-Muzdalifah while t he rest of t he Arabs would st and at ` Arafat . When Islam came, Allah commanded His Prophet t o st and at ` Arafat and t hen proceed from t here. Hence Allah's st at ement :

びサ ⊥ ゅｚレャや チ ∠ ゅ∠プぺ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぴ (...from t he place whence all t he people depart .) This was also said by Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` At a', Qat adah and As-Suddi and ot hers. Ibn Jarir chose t his opinion and said t hat t here is Ij ma` (a consensus among t he scholars) for it . Imam Ahmad report ed t hat Jubayr bin Mut ` im said, "My camel was lost and I went out in search of it on t he day of ` Arafah, and I saw t he Prophet st anding in ` Arafat . I said t o myself, ` By Allah he is from t he Hums. What has brought him here''' This Hadit h is also report ed in t he Sahihayn. Al-Bukhari report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ` depart ' ment ioned in t he Ayah refers t o proceeding from Al-Muzdalifah t o Mina t o st one t he pillars. Allah knows best .

Asking Allah for His Forgiveness Allah said:

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ (...and ask Allah for His forgiveness. Truly, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most -Merciful.) Allah frequent ly orders remembrance of Him aft er act s of worship are finished. Muslim report ed t hat Allah's Messenger used t o ask Allah for His forgiveness t hrice aft er t he prayer is finished. It is report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat t he Prophet encouraged Tasbih (saying Subhan Allah, i.e., Glorified is Allah), Tahmid (saying Al-Hamdu Lillah, i.e., praise be t o Allah) and Takbir (saying Allahu Akbar, i.e., Allah is t he Most Great ) t hirt y-t hree t imes each (aft er prayer). Ibn Marduwyah collect ed t he Hadit h t hat Al-Bukhari report ed from Shaddad bin Aws, who st at ed t hat Allah's Messenger said:

∩ヶあよケ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや :ギ⊥ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヘ∇ピわ͡ ∇シゅ͡∇ャや ギ⊥ あΒシ ∠» ヴヤ∠ハ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ポギ⊥ ∇ら∠ハ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ヶ͡レわ∠ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ∩∠ろ∇ル∠ぺ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ャ ゲあ セ ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ∩⊥ろ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ ギ͡ ∇ハヱ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰハ ∠ ￢⊥ ヲ⊥よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ｚヶヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ￢⊥ ヲ⊥よぺ∠ ∩⊥ろ∇バレ∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩∠ろ∇ルぺ∠ ゅｚャま ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ルグぁ ャや ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ヶ͡ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プ ∩ヶ͡ら∇ルグ∠ よ͡ ∩∠る⇒⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ヶ͡プ れ ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ る∃ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ゅ∠ホ ∇リョ∠ «る⇒⇒ｚレ∠イ∇ャや モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ∠れゅ∠ヨ∠プ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ゅ∠ホ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ (The mast er of supplicat ion for forgiveness, is for t he servant t o say: ` O Allah! You are my Lord, t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except You. You have creat ed me and I am Your servant . I am on Your covenant , as much as I can be, and await ing Your promise. I seek refuge wit h You from t he evil t hat I have commit t ed. I admit Your favor on me and admit my fault s. So forgive me, for none except You forgives t he sins.' Whoever said t hese words at night and died t hat same night will ent er Paradise. Whoever said it during t he day and died will ent er Paradise.) Furt hermore, it is report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said t hat Abu Bakr said, "O Messenger of Allah! Teach me an invocat ion so t hat I may invoke (Allah) wit h it in my prayer. He t old me t o say:

ゅ∠ャヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ヶあルま͡ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや :∇モホ⊥ » ∇リョ͡ り⇔ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヶ͡ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ルグぁ ャや ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ «ユΒ͡ェゲｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ヶ͡レ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱ ∩∠ポ͡ギ∇レ͡ハ (Allahumma inni zalamt u nafsi zulman kat hiran, wa la yaghfirudh-dhunuba illa Ant a faghfirli maghfirat an min ` indika, war-hamni innaka Ant al-Ghafur-ur-Rahim (O Allah! I have done great inj ust ice t o myself and none except You forgives sins, so please forgive me and be merciful t o me as You are t he Forgiver, t he Merciful).) There are many ot her Hadit hs on t his subj ect .

∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ミグ͡ ミ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ム∠ ジ ͡ ⇒∠レョｚ ユ⊥わ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ プ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ミク͡ ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ -ペ ∃ ⇒∠ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レゎ͡ や∠￢ ヶ͡プヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レゎ͡ や∠￢ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リｚョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ - ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ゅ∠レホ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ル (200. So when you have accomplished your Manasik, remember Allah as you remember your forefat hers or wit h far more remembrance. But of mankind t here are some who say: "Our Lord! Give us (Your bount ies) in t his world!'' and for such t here will be no port ion in t he Hereaft er.) (201. And of t hem t here are some who say: "Our Lord! Give us in t his world t hat which is good and in t he Hereaft er t hat which is good, and save us from t he t orment of t he Fire!'') (202. For t hem t here will be allot ed a share for what t hey have earned. And Allah is swift at reckoning.)

The Order for Remembrance of Allah and seeking Good in this Life and the Hereafter upon completing the Rites of Hajj Allah commands t hat He be remembered aft er t he rit uals are performed.

び∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ミグ͡ ミ∠ ぴ (...as you remember your forefat hers) Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, people used t o st and during t he (Haj j ) season, and one of t hem would say, ` My fat her used t o feed (t he poor), help ot hers (end t heir disput es, wit h his money), pay t he Diyah (i.e., blood money),' and so fort h. The only Dhikr t hat t hey had was t hat t hey would remember t he deeds of t heir fat hers. Allah t hen revealed t o Muhammad :

びや⇔ゲ∇ミク͡ ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ミグ͡ ミ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プぴ (Remember Allah as you remember your forefat hers or wit h far more remembrance.) Therefore, remembering Allah t he Exalt ed and Ever High is always encouraged. We should ment ion t hat when Allah used "or'' in t he Ayah, He meant t o encourage t he people t o remember Him more t han t hey remember t heir forefat hers, not t hat t he word ent ails a doubt (as t o which is larger or bigger). This st at ement is similar t o t he Ayat :

びり⇔ ヲ∠ ∇ジホ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ り͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠イエ ͡ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ ぴ (...as st ones or even worse in hardness) (2:74) and,

びる⇔ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ Β∠ ∇ゼガ ∠ ミ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ぴ (. ..fear men as t hey fear Allah or even more) (4:77) and,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゴΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ブ ∃ ∇ャぺ∠ る͡ も∠ ∇ゅョ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And We sent him t o a hundred t housand (people) or even more) (37:147) and,

び ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βシ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ぴ (And was at a dist ance of t wo bows' lengt h or (even) nearer.) (53:9) Allah encourages calling Him in supplicat ion aft er remembering Him, because t his will make it more likely t hat t he supplicat ion will be accept ed. Allah also crit icizes t hose who only supplicat e t o Him about t he affairs of t his life, while ignoring t he affairs of t he Hereaft er. Allah said:

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レゎ͡ や∠￢ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ プ∠ ぴ びペ ∃ ⇒∠ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ (But of mankind t here are some who say: "Our Lord! Give us (Your bount ies) in t his world!'' and for such t here will be no port ion in t he Hereaft er.) qmeaning, t hey have no share in t he Hereaft er. This crit icism serves t o discourage ot her people from imit at ing t hose ment ioned. Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Some bedouins used t o come t o t he st anding area (` Arafat ) and supplicat e saying, ` O Allah! Make it a rainy year, a fert ile year and a year of good child bearing.' They would not ment ion any of t he affairs of t he Hereaft er. Thus, Allah revealed about t hem:

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レゎ͡ や∠￢ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ プ∠ ぴ びペ ∃ ⇒∠ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ

(But of mankind t here are some who say: "Our Lord! Give us (Your bount ies) in t his world!'' and for such t here will be no port ion in t he Hereaft er.) The believers who came aft er t hem used t o say:

る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヶ͡プヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レゎ͡ や∠￢ べレ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ぴ びケ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ゅ∠レホ͡ ヱ∠ (Our Lord! Give us in t his world t hat which is good and in t he Hereaft er t hat which is good, and save us from t he t orment of t he Fire!'') Next , Allah revealed:

ノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ル ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺぴ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや (For t hem t here will be allot ed a share for what t hey have earned. And Allah is swift at reckoning.) Hence, Allah praised t hose who ask for t he affairs of bot h t his life and t he Hereaft er. He said:

ヶ͡プヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レゎ͡ や∠￢ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リｚョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ͡ ぴ び ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ゅ∠レホ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや (And of t hem t here are some who say: "Our Lord! Give us in t his world t hat which is good and in t he Hereaft er t hat which is good, and save us from t he t orment of t he Fire!'') The supplicat ion ment ioned and praised in t he Ayah includes all good aspect s of t his life and seeks refuge from all t ypes of evil. The good of t his life concerns every mat erial request of well-being, spacious dwelling, pleasing mat es, sufficient provision, beneficial knowledge, good profession or deeds, comfort able means of t ransport at ion and good praise, all of which t he scholars of Tafsir have ment ioned regarding t his subj ect . All of t hese are but a part of t he good t hat is sought in t his life. As for t he good of t he Hereaft er, t he best of t his includes acquiring Paradise, which also means acquiring safet y from t he great est horror at t he gat hering place. It also refers t o being quest ioned light ly and t he ot her favors in t he Hereaft er. As for acquiring safet y from t he Fire, it includes being direct ed t o what leads t o t his good end in t his world, such as avoiding t he prohibit ions, sins of all kinds and doubt ful mat t ers.

Al-Qasim bin ` Abdur-Rahman said, "Whoever is gift ed wit h a grat eful heart , a remembering t ongue and a pat ient body, will have been endowed wit h a good deed in t his life, a good deed in t he Hereaft er and saved from t he t orment of t he Fire.'' This is why t he Sunnah encourages recit ing t his Du` a' (i.e., in t he Ayah about gaining a good deed in t his life and t he Hereaft er). Al-Bukhari report ed t hat Anas bin Malik narrat ed t hat t he Prophet used t o say:

り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡ Γや ヶ͡プヱ∠ ∩⇔るレ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠レゎ͡ へ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» «ケゅｚレャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ゅ∠レホ͡ ヱ∠ ∩⇔る⇒⇒∠レジ ∠ェ ∠ (O Allah, our Lord! Give us t hat which is good in t his life, t hat which is good in t he Hereaft er and save us from t he t orment of t he Fire.) Imam Ahmad report ed t hat Anas said, "Allah's Messenger visit ed a Muslim man who had become as weak as a sick small bird. Allah's Messenger said t o him, ` Were you asking or supplicat ing t o Allah about somet hing' He said, ` Yes. I used t o say: O Allah! What ever punishment you saved for me in t he Hereaft er, give it t o me in t his life.' Allah's Messenger said:

:ろ ∠ ∇ヤホ⊥ ゅｚヤヰ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮバ⊥ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ボ⊥ Β͡トゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ぶ ͡ やラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥» る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヶ͡プヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レゎ͡ や∠￢ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ びケ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ゅ∠レホ͡ ヱ∠ ( (All praise is due t o Allah! You cannot bear it -or st and it -. You should have said: (Our Lord! Give us in t his world t hat which is good and in t he Hereaft er t hat which is good, and save us from t he t orment of t he Fire!)) The man began recit ing t his Du` a and he was cured.'' Muslim also recorded it . Al-Hakim report ed t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "A man came t o Ibn ` Abbas and said, ` I worked for some people and set t led for a part of my compensat ion in ret urn for t heir t aking me t o perform Haj j wit h t hem. Is t his accept able' Ibn ` Abbas said, ` You are among t hose whom Allah described:

ノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ル ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺぴ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや

(For t hem t here will be allot ed a share for what t hey have earned. And Allah is swift at reckoning.) Al-Hakim t hen comment ed; "This Hadit h is aut hent ic according t o t he crit eria of t he Two Shaykhs (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) alt hough t hey did not record it ."

ヴ͡プ モ ∠イ ｚ バ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ れ ∃ キ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇バョｚ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ∠ ∇をま͡ Κ∠プ ゲ∠ カ ｚ ほ∠ゎ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ∠ ∇をま͡ Κ ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚぺ∠ やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ヴ∠ボゎｚ や (203. And remember Allah during t he Appoint ed Days. But whosoever hast ens t o leave in t wo days, t here is no sin on him and whosoever st ays on, t here is no sin on him, if his aim is t o do good and obey Allah (fear Him), and know t hat you will surely be gat hered unt o Him.)

Remembering Allah during the Days of Tashriq - Days of Eating and Drinking Ibn ` Abbas said, ` The Appoint ed Days are t he Days of Tashriq (11-12-13t h of Dhul-Hij j ah) while t he Known Days are t he (first ) t en (days of Dhul-Hij j ah).'' ` Ikrimah said t hat :

びれ ∃ キ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇バョｚ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ (And remember Allah during t he Appoint ed Days.) means recit ing t he Takbir -- Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, during t he days of Tashriq aft er t he compulsory prayers. Imam Ahmad report ed t hat ` Uqbah bin ` Amr said t hat Allah's Messenger said:

ゅ∠ルギ⊥ Β͡ハ ∩͡ペΑ͡ゲ∇ゼわｚ ャや ュ⊥ ゅｚΑぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ゲ∇エレｚ ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠るプ∠ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ » «ゆ∇ゲセ ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ∃ ∇ミぺ∠ ュ⊥ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ∩͡ュゅ∠ヤ∇シみ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ (The day of ` Arafah (9t h of Dhul-Hij j ah), t he day of t he Sacrifice (10t h) and t he days of t he Tashriq (11-12-13t h) are our ` Id (fest ival) for we people of Islam. These are days of eat ing and drinking.) Imam Ahmad report ed t hat Nubayshah Al-Hudhali said t hat Allah's Messenger said:

«ぶや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ ヱ∠ ゆ ∃ ∇ゲセ ⊥ヱモ ∃ ∇ミぺ∠ ュ⊥ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ペ ͡ Α͡ゲ∇ゼわｚ ャや ュ⊥ ゅｚΑぺ∠»

(The days of Tashriq are days of eat ing, drinking and Dhikr (remembering) of Allah.) Muslim also recorded t his Hait h We also ment ioned t he Hadit h of Jubayr bin Mut ` im:

«ウ∇よク∠ ゅ∠ヰヤぁミ⊥ ペ ͡ Α͡ゲ∇ゼわｚ ャや ュ⊥ ゅｚΑぺ∠ヱ ∩∀ブホ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤぁミ⊥ る⊥ プ∠ ゲ∠ ハ ∠» (All of ` Arafat is a st anding place and all of t he days of Tashriq are days of Sacrifice. ) We also ment ioned t he Hadit h by ` Abdur-Rahman bin Ya` mar Ad-Diyli:

ユ∠ ∇をま ゅヤ∠プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡プ モ ∠イ ｚ バ∠ ゎ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∀る∠をゅ∠ヤ∠を ヴ ⇔ レ͡ョ ュ⊥ ゅｚΑぺ∠ヱ∠ » «ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ∠ ∇をま͡ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ゲ∠ カ ｚ ほ∠ゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (The days of Mina (Tashriq) are t hree. Those who hast en in t wo days t hen t here is no sin in it , and t hose who delay (i.e., remain in Mina for a t hird day) t hen t here is no sin in it .) Ibn Jarir report ed t hat Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said:

«ぶや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ ヱ∠ ユ∃ ∇バデ ⊥ ュ⊥ ゅｚΑぺ ペ ͡ Α͡ゲ∇ゼわｚ ャや ュ⊥ ゅｚΑぺ∠» (The days of Tashriq are days of eat ing and remembering Allah.) Ibn Jarir report ed t hat Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger sent ` Abdullah bin Hudhafah t o Mina proclaiming:

ゆ ∃ ∇ゲセ ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ∃ ∇ミぺ∠ ュ⊥ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ み∠プ ∩∠ュゅｚΑ∠ほ∇ャや ロ͡グワ やヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ダゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «モ∠ィヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ ヱ∠ (Do not fast t hese days (i.e., Tashriq days), for t hey are days of eat ing, drinking and remembering Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored.)

The Appointed Days Miqsam said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Appoint ed Days are t he days of Tashriq, four days: t he day of t he Sacrifice (10t h of Dhul-Hij j ah) and t hree days aft er t hat . This opinion was also report ed of Ibn ` Umar, Ibn Az-Zubayr, Abu Musa, ` At a', Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Abu Malik, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Yahya bin Abu Kat hir, Al-Hasan,

Qat adah, As-Suddi, Az-Zuhri, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Ad-Dahhak, Muqat il bin Hayyan, ` At a' AlKhurasani, Malik bin Anas, and ot hers. In addit ion, t he apparent meaning of t he following Ayah support s t his opinion:

ゲ∠ カ ｚ ほ∠ゎ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ∠ ∇をま͡ Κ ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ∠イ ｚ バ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ∠ ∇をま͡ Κ∠プ (But whosoever hast ens t o leave in t wo days, t here is no sin on him and whosoever st ays on, t here is no sin on him.) So t he Ayah hint s t o t he t hree days aft er t he day of Sacrifice. Allah's st at ement :

びれ ∃ キ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇バョｚ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ (And remember Allah during t he Appoint ed Days) direct s remembering Allah upon slaught ering t he animals, aft er t he prayers, and by Dhikr (supplicat ion) in general. It also includes Takbir and remembering Allah while t hrowing t he pebbles every day during t he Tashriq days. A Hadit h t hat Abu Dawud and several ot hers collect ed st at es:

(Tawaf around t he House, Sa` i bet ween As-Safa and Al-Marwah and t hrowing t he pebbles were legislat ed so t hat Allah is remembered in Dhikr.) When ment ioning t he first procession (refer t o 2:199) and t he second procession of t he people upon t he end of t he Haj j season, when t hey st art t o ret urn t o t heir areas, aft er t hey had gat hered during t he rit uals and at t he st anding places, Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (and obey Allah (fear Him), and know t hat you will surely be gat hered unt o Him.) Similarly, Allah said:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ぺ∠ケ∠ ク∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And it is He Who has creat ed you on t he eart h, and t o Him you shall be gat hered back.) (23:79)

ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ マ ∠ ら⊥ イ ͡ ∇バΑ⊥ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ - ュ͡ ゅ∠ダガ ͡ ∇ャや ギぁ ャ∠ぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ギ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ヘΒ⊥ ャ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴプ͡ ヴ∠バシ ∠ ヴｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ - キ∠ ゅ∠ジヘ∠ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇ジレｚ ャや∠ヱ ゐ ∠ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ジエ ∠ プ∠ ユ͡ ∇をΗ ͡ ゅ͡よ り⊥ ｚゴバ͡ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ ゎｚ や ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ン͡ゲ∇ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ - キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヨ͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ び キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ケ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや れ ͡ ゅ∠ッ∇ゲョ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや (204. And of mankind t here is he whose speech may please you (O Muhammad ), in t his worldly life, and he calls Allah t o wit ness as t o t hat which is in his heart , yet he is t he most quarrelsome of t he opponent s.) (205. And when he t urns away (from you O Muhammad ), his effort in t he land is t o make mischief t herein and t o dest roy t he crops and t he cat t le, and Allah likes not mischief). (206. And when it is said t o him, "Fear Allah'', he is led by arrogance t o (more) crime. So enough for him is Hell, and worst indeed is t hat place t o rest !) (207. And of mankind is he who would sell himself, seeking t he pleasure of Allah. And Allah is full of kindness t o (His) servant s.)

The Characteristics of the Hypocrites As-Suddi said t hat t hese Ayat were revealed about Al-Akhnas bin Shariq At h-Thaqafi who came t o Allah's Messenger and announced his Islam alt hough his heart concealed ot herwise. Ibn ` Abbas narrat ed t hat t hese Ayat were revealed about some of t he hypocrit es who crit icized Khubayb and his companions who were killed during t he Raj i` incident . Thereaft er, Allah sent down His condemnat ion of t he hypocrit es and His praise for Khubayb and his companions:

れ ͡ ゅ∠ッ∇ゲョ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ン͡ゲ∇ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや (And of mankind is he who would sell himself, seeking t he pleasure of Allah.) It was also said t hat t hey refer t o t he hypocrit es and t he believers in general. This is t he opinion of Qat adah, Muj ahid, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and several ot hers, and it is correct .

Ibn Jarir relat ed t hat Al-Qurazi said t hat Nawf Al-Bikali, who used t o read (previous Divine) Books said, "I find t he descript ion of some members of t his Ummah in t he previously revealed Books of Allah: t hey (hypocrit es) are people who use t he religion t o gain mat erial benefit . Their t ongues are sweet er t han honey, but t heir heart s are more bit t er t han Sabir (a bit t er plant , aloe). They show t he people t he appearance of sheep while t heir heart s hide t he viciousness of wolves. Allah said, ` They dare challenge Me, but t hey are deceived by Me. I swear by Myself t hat I will send a Fit nah (t rial, calamit y) on t hem t hat will make t he wise man bewildered.' I cont emplat ed about t hese st at ement s and found t hem in t he Qur'an describing t he hypocrit es:

ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ マ ∠ ら⊥ イ ͡ ∇バΑ⊥ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ヱ∠ (And of mankind t here is he whose speech may please you (O Muhammad ), in t his worldly life, and he calls Allah t o wit ness as t o t hat which is in his heart ,) This st at ement by Al-Qurazi is Hasan Sahih. Allah said:

びヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (...and he calls Allah t o wit ness as t o t hat which is in his heart ,) This Ayah indicat es t hat such people pret end t o be Muslims, but defy Allah by t he disbelief and hypocrisy t hat t heir heart s conceal. Similarly Allah said:

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ぴ (They may hide (t heir crimes) from men, but t hey cannot hide (t hem) from Allah.) (4:108) This Tafsir was report ed from Ibn ` Abbas by Ibn Ishaq. It was also said t hat t he Ayah means t hat when such people announce t heir Islam, t hey swear by Allah t hat what is in t heir heart s is t he same of what t heir t ongues are pronouncing. This is also a correct meaning for t he Ayah t hat was chosen by ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam. It is also t he choice of Ibn Jarir who relat ed it t o Ibn ` Abbas and Muj ahid. Allah knows best . Allah said:

びュ͡ ゅ∠ダガ ͡ ∇ャや ギぁ ャ∠ぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (Yet he is t he most Aladd of t he opponent s.) (2:204) lThe Ayah used t he word Aladd here, which lit erally means ` wicked' (here it means ` quarrelsome'). A variat ion of t he word Ludda was also used in anot her Ayah:

びや⇔ギ∂ ャぁ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇レゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (So t hat you (Muhammad) warn wit h it (t he Qur'an) a Ludda people.) (19:97) Hence, a hypocrit e lies, alt ers t he t rut h when he quarrels and does not care for t he t rut h. Rat her, he deviat es from t he t rut h, deceives and becomes most quarrelsome. It is report ed in Sahih t hat Allah's Messenger said:

ギ∠ ワ∠ ゅ∠ハ や∠クま∠ヱ ∩∠ゆグ∠ ミ∠ ゐ ∠ ギｚ ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ :∀ゐΚ∠を ペ ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ Α∠ へ» «ゲ∠イプ∠ ユ∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠カ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠ケギ∠ ビ ∠ (The signs of a hypocrit e are t hree: Whenever he speaks, he t ells a lie. Whenever he promises, he always breaks it (his promise). If you have a disput e wit h him, he is most quarrelsome.) Imam Bukhari report ed t hat ` A'ishah narrat ed t hat t he Prophet said:

«ユ͡ダガ ∠ ∇ャや ギぁ ャ∠ほ∇ャや ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ャま メ ͡ ゅ∠ィゲあ ャや ヂ ∠ ピ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» (The most hat ed person t o Allah is he who is Aladd and Khasim (meaning most quarrelsome).) Allah t hen said:

マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ギ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ヘΒ⊥ ャ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヴ∠バシ ∠ ヴｚャヲ∠ ゎ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び キ∠ ゅ∠ジヘ∠ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇ジレｚ ャや∠ヱ ゐ ∠ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや (And when he t urns away (from you O Muhammad), he st ruggles in t he land t o make mischief t herein and t o dest roy t he crops and t he cat t le, and Allah likes not mischief.) This Ayah indicat es t hat such persons are deviant in t he t ongue, evil in t he deeds, t heir words are fabricat ed, t heir belief is wicked and t heir works are immoral. The Ayah used t he (Arabic word) Sa` a (lit erally, ` t ries' or ` int ends'). This word was also used t o describe Pharaoh:

ユ⊥ ム⊥ ぁよケ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ - ン∠キゅ∠レプ∠ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠エ ∠ プ∠ - ヴ∠バ∇ジΑ∠ ゲ∠ よ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ヴ∠ャ∇ヱΙ ｙ や∠ヱ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ∠メゅ∠ム∠ル ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ロ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ - ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ｘや び ヴ∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ リ∠ヨャあ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇らバ͡ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ

(Then he t urned his back, Yas` a (st riving hard against Allah). Then he gat hered (his people) and cried aloud saying, ` I am your lord, most high.' So Allah, seized him wit h a punishing example for his last and first t ransgression. Verily, in t his is an inst ruct ive admonit ion for whosoever fears Allah.) (79:22-26) Sa` a was also used in t he Ayah :

ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ͡ョ り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ヤ͡ャ ン ∠ キ͡ ヲ⊥ル や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヲバ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ る͡ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや (O you who believe (Muslims)! When t he call is proclaimed for t he Salah (prayer) on t he day of Friday (Jumu` ah prayer), As` aw come t o t he remembrance of Allah.) (62:9) This Ayah means, ` (when t he call t o t he Friday prayer is announced) int end and t hen proceed t o at t end t he Friday prayer.' We should ment ion t hat hast ening t o t he mosque is condemed by t he Sunnah (as t his is anot her meaning for t he word Sa` a):

∩∠ラ∇ヲバ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ゎ∇ほ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ り∠ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま» «ケゅ∠ホヲ∠ ∇ャやヱ る⊥ レ∠ Β͡ムジ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ゎ∇ぺ∠ヱ (When you come t o at t end t he prayer, do not come in a Sa` i (hast e). Rat her, come t o it while walking at ease and in peace (or grace). ) The hypocrit e has no mot ive in t his life but t o cause mischief and t o dest roy t he crops and t he offspring, including what t he animals produce and what t he people depend on for t heir livelihood. Muj ahid said, "If t he hypocrit e st rives for mischief in t he land, Allah prevent s t he rain from falling and t hus t he crops and t he offspring perish.'' The Ayah cont inues:

びキ∠ ゅ∠ジヘ∠ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (...and Allah likes not mischief.) t hat is, Allah does not like t hose who possess t hese charact erist ics, or t hose who act like t his.

Rejecting Advice is Characteristic of the Hypocrites Allah said:

びユ͡ ∇をΗ ͡ ゅ͡よ り⊥ ｚゴバ͡ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ ゎｚ や ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when it is said t o him, "Fear Allah'', he is led by arrogance t o (more) crime.)

This Ayah indicat es t hat when t he hypocrit e, who deviat es in his speech and deeds, is advised and commanded t o fear Allah, refrain from his evil deeds and adhere t o t he t rut h, he refuses and becomes angry and out raged, as he is used t o doing evil. This Ayah is similar t o what Allah said:

ロ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ͡プ フ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠レΒあ よ∠ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ト∇ジΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギ⇒∠ムΑ∠ ゲ∠ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡ク リあョ ゲｙ ゼ ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ムゃ⊥ らあ ル∠ ほ⊥プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲヤ⊥∇わΑ∠ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ワギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや (And when Our clear verses are recit ed t o t hem, you will not ice a denial on t he faces of t he disbelievers! They are nearly ready t o at t ack wit h violence t hose who recit e Our verses t o t hem. Say: "Shall I t ell you of somet hing worse t han t hat The Fire (of Hell) which Allah has promised t o t hose who disbelieved, and worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion!) (22:72) This is why in t his Ayah, Allah said:

びキ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヨ͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ユ⊥ レｚヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ジエ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So enough for him is Hell, and worst indeed is t hat place t o rest ) meaning, t he Fire is enough punishment for t he hypocrit e.

The Sincere Believer prefers pleasing Allah Allah said:

れ ͡ ゅ∠ッ∇ゲョ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ン͡ゲ∇ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや (And of mankind is he who would sell himself, seeking t he pleasure of Allah.) Aft er Allah described t he evil charact erist ics of t he hypocrit es, He ment ioned t he good qualit ies of t he believers. Allah said:

れ ͡ ゅ∠ッ∇ゲョ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ン͡ゲ∇ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや (And of mankind is he who would sell himself, seeking t he pleasure of Allah.) Ibn ` Abbas, Anas, Sa` id bin Musayyib, Abu ` Ut hman An-Nahdi, ` Ikrimah and several ot her scholars said t hat t his Ayah was revealed about Suhayb bin Sinan Ar-Rumi. When Suhayb became a Muslim in Makkah and int ended t o migrat e (t o Al-Madinah), t he people (Quraysh) prevent ed him from migrat ing wit h his money. They said t hat if he forfeit s his propert y, he is free t o migrat e. He abandoned his money and preferred t o migrat e, and Allah revealed t his Ayah about him. ` Umar bin Khat t ab and several ot her Companions met Suhayb close t o t he out skirt s of Al-Madinah at Al-Harrah (flat lands wit h black st ones). They said t o him, "The t rade has indeed been successful.'' He answered t hem, "You t oo, may Allah never allow your t rade t o fail. What is t he mat t er'' ` Umar t old him t hat Allah has revealed t his Ayah (2:207) about him. It was also report ed t hat Allah's Messenger said, "The t rade has been successful, O Suhayb!'' The meaning of t he Ayah (2:207) includes every Muj ahid in t he way of Allah. Allah said in anot her Ayah:

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇セや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ャ∂や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ モ ͡ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱ り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ６ボェ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や⇔ギ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠プ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ や￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ び ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠よ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ バ͡ ∇Βら∠ よ͡ (Verily, Allah has purchased of t he believers t heir lives and t heir propert ies for (t he price) t hat t heirs shall be t he Paradise. They fight in Allah's cause, so t hey kill (ot hers) and are killed. It is a promise in t rut h which is binding on Him in t he Tawrah and t he Inj il and t he Qur'an. And who is t ruer t o his covenant t han Allah Then rej oice in t he bargain which you have concluded. That is t he supreme success.) (9:111) When Hisham bin ` Amr penet rat ed t he lines of t he enemy, some people crit icized him. ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab and Abu Hurayrah refut ed t hem and recit ed t his Ayah:

れ ͡ ゅ∠ッ∇ゲョ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ン͡ゲ∇ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ び キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ケ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや

(And of mankind is he who would sell himself, seeking t he pleasure of Allah. And Allah is full of kindness t o (His) servant s.)

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ プｚ べ∠ミ ユ͡ ∇ヤジ あ ャや ヶ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや れ ͡ ヲ∠ ト ⊥カ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハゅ∠プ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤャ∠コ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ (208.O you who believe! Ent er Silm perfect ly, and follow not t he foot st eps of Shayt an (Sat an). Verily, he is t o you a plain enemy.) (209. Then if you slide back aft er t he clear signs (Prophet Muhammad , and t his Qur'an and Islam) have come t o you, t hen know t hat Allah is All-Might y, All-Wise).

Entering Islam in its Entirety is obligated Allah commands His servant s who believe in Him and have fait h in His Messenger t o implement all of Islam's legislat ion and law, t o adhere t o all of it s commandment s, as much as t hey can, and t o refrain from all of it s prohibit ions. ` Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, and also Muj ahid, Tawus, Ad-Dahhak, ` Ikrimah, Qat adah, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd said t hat Allah's st at ement :

びユ͡ ∇ヤジ あ ャや ヶ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キやぴ (Ent er Silm) means Islam. Allah's st at ement :

びる⇔ プｚ べ∠ミぴ (...perfect ly) means, in it s ent iret y. This is t he Tafsir of Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Abu Al-` Aliyah, ` Ikrimah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, As-Suddi, Muqat il bin Hayyan, Qat adah and Ad-Dahhak. Muj ahid said t hat t he Ayah means, ` Perform all t he good works and t he various pious deeds, t his is especially addressed t o t hose from among t he People of t he Script ure who embraced t he fait h.' Ibn Abu Hat im report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat :

びる⇔ プｚ べ∠ミ ユ͡ ∇ヤジ あ ャや ヶ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ

(O you who believe! Ent er Silm perfect ly) refers t o t he believers among t he People of t he Script ure. This is because t hey believed in Allah, some of t hem st ill followed some part s of t he Tawrah and t he previous revelat ions. So Allah said:

びる⇔ プｚ べ∠ミ ユ͡ ∇ヤジ あ ャや ヶ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キやぴ (Ent er Islam perfect ly.) Allah t hus commanded t hem t o embrace t he legislat ion of t he religion of Muhammad in it s ent iret y and t o avoid abandoning any part of it . They should no longer adhere t o t he Tawrah. Allah t hen said:

びリ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや れ ͡ ヲ∠ ト ⊥カ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (...and follow not t he foot st eps of Shayt an) meaning, perform t he act s of worship and avoid what Sat an commands you t o do. This is because:

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ゼ∇エヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ ヲぁジャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ミゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (He (Shayt an) commands you only what is evil and Fahsha' (sinful), and t hat you should say about Allah what you know not .) (2:169) and:

びゲ͡ Β͡バジ ｚ ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ∇ゴェ ͡ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (He only invit es his Hizb (followers) t hat t hey may become t he dwellers of t he blazing Fire.) (35:6) Hence, Allah said:

び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, he is t o you an open enemy.) Allah said:

びろ ⊥ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤャ∠コ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (Then if you slide back aft er t he clear signs have come t o you) meaning, if you deviat e from t he Trut h aft er clear proofs have been est ablished against you,

び∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハゅ∠プぴ (...t hen know t hat Allah is All-Might y) in His punishment , and no one can escape His vengeance or defeat Him.

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ぴ (All-Wise) in His decisions, act ions and rulings. Hence Abu Al-` Aliyah, Qat adah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said, "He is Might y in His vengeance, Wise in His decision.''

リ ∠ ョあ モ ∃ ヤ∠ニ ⊥ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇モワ∠ ぴ ノ⊥ ィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΕ ∠やヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ュ͡ ゅ∠ヨピ∠ ∇ャや び ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ョΕ ⊥や (210. Do t hey t hen wait for anyt hing ot her t han t hat Allah should come t o t hem over t he shadows of t he clouds and t he angels (Then) t he case would be already j udged. And t o Allah ret urn all mat t ers (for decision).)

Do not delay embracing the Faith

リ ∠ ョあ モ ∃ ヤ∠ニ ⊥ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇モワ∠ ぴ びる⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ュ͡ ゅ∠ヨピ∠ ∇ャや (Do t hey t hen wait for anyt hing ot her t han t hat Allah should come t o t hem over t he shadows of t he clouds and t he angels) on t he Day of Resurrect ion t o j udge t he early and t he lat t er creat ions. Allah shall t hen reward each according t o his or her deeds; and whoever does good shall see it , and whoever does evil shall see it . This is why Allah said:

びケ⊥ ヲ⊥ョΕ ⊥ や ノ⊥ ィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΕ ∠ やヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ((Then) t he case would be already j udged. And t o Allah ret urn all mat t ers (for decision).) Similarly, Allah said:

マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ミ∂ キ∠ ゅ⇔ミ∂ キ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや ろ ͡ ミｚ キ⊥ や∠クま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ イ ∠ よ͡ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢∠ ヴ͡ィヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヘ∂ タ ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ∂ タ ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ び ン∠ゲ∇ミグあ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヴｚル∠ぺ∠ヱ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゲ⊥ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ (Nay! When t he eart h is ground t o powder. And your Lord comes wit h t he angels in rows. And Hell will be brought near t hat Day. On t hat Day will man remember, but how will t hat remembrance (t hen) avail him) (89:21-23) and:

ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇モワ∠ ぴ びマ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヂ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ (Do t hey t hen wait for anyt hing ot her t han t hat t he angels should come t o t hem, or t hat your Lord (Allah) should come, or t hat some of t he signs of your Lord should come (i. e., port ent s of t he Hour, e.g., rising of t he sun from t he west )!) (6:158) Abu Ja` far Razi report ed t hat Abu Al-` Aliyah narrat ed t hat :

リ ∠ ョあ モ ∃ ヤ∠ニ ⊥ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇モワ∠ ぴ びる⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ュ͡ ゅ∠ヨピ∠ ∇ャや (Do t hey t hen wait for anyt hing ot her t han t hat Allah should come t o t hem over t he shadows of t he clouds and t he angels) means, t he angels will descend on t he shadows of clouds, while Allah comes as He wills. Some of t he recit ers read it ,

モ ∃ ヤ∠ニ ⊥ ヶ͡プる⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヲヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇モワ∠ ぴ びュ͡ ゅ∠ヨピ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ Do t hey t hen wait for anyt hing ot her t han t hat Allah should come t o t hem and also t he angels over t he shadows of t he clouds. This is similar t o Allah's ot her st at ement :

る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴあ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ユ͡ ⇒∠ヨピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ⊥ ボｚ ゼ ∠ ゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Α͡ゴレ∠ゎ

(And (remember) t he Day when t he heaven shall be rent asunder wit h clouds, and t he angels will be sent down, wit h a grand descending.) (25:25)

リ∠ョヱ∠ る∃ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ る∃ Α∠ へ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ へ ∇ユミ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ∇モシ ∠ぴ ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べィ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇メギあ ら∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ リ ∠ Αあ コ⊥ - ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ∇やヲ∠ボゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲガ ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ びゆ ∃ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ベ ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ (211. Ask t he Children of Israel how many clear Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelat ions, et c.) We gave t hem. And whoever changes Allah's favor aft er it has come t o him, e.g., renounces t he religion of Allah (Islam) and accept s Kufr (disbelief) t hen surely, Allah is severe in punishment .) (212. Beaut ified is t he life of t his world for t hose who disbelieve, and t hey mock at t hose who believe. But t hose who have Taqwa, will be above t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion. And Allah gives (of His bount y, blessings, favors, and honors on t he Day of Resurrect ion) t o whom He wills wit hout limit .)

The Punishment for changing Allah's Favor and mocking the Believers Allah ment ioned t hat t he Children of Israel, were wit nesses t o many clear signs t hat at t est t o t he t rut h of Moses regarding what he was sent wit h for t hem. They wit nessed his hand (when it became lit wit h light ), his part ing t he sea, his st riking t he rock (and wat er flowed from t he rock), t he clouds t hat shaded t hem during t he int ense heat , t he manna and t he quails, and so fort h. These signs at t est ed t o t he exist ence of t he Creat or and t he t rut h of Moses by whose hand t hese signs appeared. Yet , so many among t hem changed Allah's favor, by preferring disbelief t o fait h and by ignoring Allah's favors,

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇メギあ ら∠ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ (And whoever changes Allah's favor aft er it had come t o him, t hen surely, Allah is severe in punishment .) Similarly, Allah said about t he disbelievers of Quraysh:

∇やヲぁヤェ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャギｚ よ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ル∇ヲ∠ヤ∇ダ∠Α ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ - ケ͡ や∠ヲら∠ ∇ャや ケ∠ や∠キ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ び ケ⊥ や∠ゲボ∠ ∇ャや (Have you not seen t hose who have changed t he blessings of Allah int o disbelief, and caused t heir people t o dwell in t he house of dest ruct ion Hell, in which t hey will burn, and what an evil place t o set t le in!) (14:28, 29) Then Allah st at es t hat He has made t he life of t his world beaut iful for t he disbelievers who are sat isfied wit h it , who collect wealt h, but refrain from spending it on what t hey have been commanded, which could earn t hem Allah's pleasure. Inst ead, t hey ridicule t he believers who ignore t his life and who spend what ever t hey earn on what pleases t heir Lord. The believers spend seeking Allah's Face, and t his is why t hey have gained t he ult imat e happiness and t he best share on t he Day of t he Ret urn. Therefore, t hey will be exalt ed above t he disbelievers at t he Gat hering Place, when t hey are gat hered, during t he resurrect ion and in t heir final dest inat ion. The believers will reside in t he highest grades in t he ut most highs, while t he disbelievers will reside in t he lowest of lows (in t he Fire). This is why Allah said:

びゆ ∃ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ベ ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah gives t o whom He wills wit hout limit .) This Ayah indicat es t hat Allah gives sust enance t o whomever He wills of His servant s wit hout count or limit in t his and t he Hereaft er. A Hadit h has st at ed (t hat Allah said):

«マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ペヘ͡ ∇ルぺ⊥ ∇ペヘ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ∠ ∇よや» (O son of Adam! Spend (in Allah's cause) and I (Allah) will spend on you.) The Prophet said:

«ゅ⇔ャゅ∠ヤ∇ホま͡ ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ヵ͡ク ∇リョ͡ ズ ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ヤよ͡ ∇ペヘ͡ ∇ルぺ∠» (O Bilal! Spend and do not fear deprivat ion from t he Owner of t he Throne.) Allah said:

びヮ⊥ ヘ⊥ ヤ͡∇ガΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リョあ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(...and what soever you spend of anyt hing (in Allah's cause), He will replace it .) (34:39) In addit ion, it is report ed in t he Sahih (t hat t he Prophet said):

ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ あモミ⊥ る∠ エ ∠ Β͡らタ ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ャゴ͡ ∇レΑ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠» メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ヘヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ⇔ボヘ͡ ∇レョ⊥ テ ͡ ∇ハぺ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや:ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ぺ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ «ゅ⇔ヘヤ∠ゎ∠ ゅ⇔ムジ ͡ ∇ヨョ⊥ テ ͡ ∇ハぺ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや :ゲ⊥ カ ∠ Γや (Every day t wo angels come down from heavens and one of t hem says, ` O Allah! Compensat e every person who spends in Your cause,' and t he ot her (angel) says, ` O Allah! Dest roy every miser.') Also in t he Sahih:

マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ョ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ∇モワ∠ ヱ∠ .ヶ͡ャゅ∠ョ ヶ͡ャゅ∠ョ :ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ⊥ ∇よや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩∠ろ∇Βヤ∠∇よほ∠プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ジら͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩∠ろ∇Βレ∠ ∇プほ∠プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤミ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅｚャま͡ ∀ょ͡ワや∠グ∠プ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ン∠ヲシ ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩∠ろ∇Βツ ∠ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ホギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ «サゅｚレヤ͡ャ ヮ⊥ ミ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ゎ∠ヱ (The son of Adam says, ` My money, my money!' Yet , what is your money except t hat which you eat and use up, wear and t ear, and spend in charit y and t hus keep (in your record). Ot her t han t hat , it will go away and will be left for t he people (t he inherit ors).) In addit ion, Imam Ahmad report ed t hat t he Prophet said:

∩⊥ヮャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ャ ∇リョ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ケ∠ や∠キ ゅ∠ャ ∇リョ∠ ケ⊥ や∠キ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや» «ヮ∠ャ モ ∠ ∇ボハ ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇リョ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ヱ∠ (The Dunya (life of t his world) is t he residence of t hose who have no residence, t he wealt h of t hose who have no wealt h, and it is harvest ed by t hose who have no sense of reason.)

リ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゑ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ プ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミぴ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ケグ͡ レ⊥ョヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲゼ あ ら∠ ョ⊥

ブ ∠ ヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ∠ ム⊥ ∇エΒ∠ ャ͡ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや ゅ∠ヨ͡ャ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ン∠ギヰ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ⇔Β∇ピよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ び ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ や∠ゲタ ͡ (213. Mankind was one communit y and Allah sent Prophet s wit h glad t idings and warnings, and wit h t hem He sent down t he Script ure in t rut h t o j udge bet ween people in mat t ers wherein t hey differed. And only t hose t o whom (t he Script ure) was given differed concerning it , aft er clear proofs had come unt o t hem, t hrough hat red, one t o anot her. Then Allah by His leave guided t hose who believed t o t he t rut h of t hat wherein t hey differed. And Allah guides whom He wills t o t he st raight pat h).

Disputing, after the Clear Signs have come, indicates Deviation Ibn Jarir report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "There were t en generat ions bet ween Adam and Nuh, all of t hem on t he religion of Trut h. They lat er disput ed so Allah sent t he Prophet s as warners and bringers of glad t idings.'' He t hen said t hat t his is how ` Abdullah read t he Ayah:

やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カゅ∠プ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ

The people were one Ummah and t hey t hen disput ed. Al-Hakim recorded t his in his Must adrak and said, "It s chain of narrat ors is Sahih, but t hey (AlBukhari and Muslim) did not record it .'' Abu Ja` far Razi report ed t hat Abu Al-` Aliyah said t hat Ubayy bin Ka` b read t he Ayah as:

リ ∠ Α͡ケグ͡ ∇レョ⊥ ヱ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡ゲゼ あ ら∠ ョ⊥ リ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや ぶ ⊥ やゑ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ プ∠ やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カゅ∠プ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ The people were one Ummah and t hey t hen disput ed and Allah sent t he Prophet s as warners and bringers of glad t idings. ` Abdur-Razzaq said t hat Ma` mar said t hat Qat adah said t hat Allah's st at ement :

びり⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミぴ (Mankind was one communit y) means; "They all had t he guidance. Then:

リ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや ぶ ⊥ やゑ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ プ∠ やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カゅ∠プ They disput ed and Allah sent Prophet s. The first t o be sent was Nuh." ` Abdur-Razzaq report ed t hat Abu Hurayrah comment ed on:

リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ン∠ギヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや (Then Allah by His leave guided t hose who believed t o t he t rut h of t hat wherein t hey differed. ) saying t hat t he Prophet said:

メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱｚ ほ∠∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ͡ Γや リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ » ∇リョ͡ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ ユ⊥ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ギ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∩∠る⇒⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ⇔ャヲ⊥カキ⊥ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ゅル∠やギ∠ヰプ∠ ∩∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レΒ͡ゎヱ⊥ぺヱ ゅレ͡ヤ∇らホ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや ヵ͡グャｚや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや や∠グヰ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ヮル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∩͡キヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ や⇔ギピ∠プ ∩∀ノら∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠レ∠ャ サ ⊥ ゅレｚ ャゅ∠プ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ルや∠ギヰ∠ プ∠ «ン∠ケゅ∠ダレｚヤ͡ャ ギ∃ ビ ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヱ∠ (We are t he last (nat ion), but t he first (foremost ) on t he Day of Resurrect ion. We are t he first people t o ent er Paradise, alt hough t hey (Jews and Christ ians) have been given t he Book before us and we aft er t hem. Allah has guided us t o t he t rut h wherever t hey disput ed over it . This is t he day (Friday) t hat t hey disput ed about , Allah guided us t o it . So, t he people follow us, as t omorrow is for t he Jews and t he day aft er is for t he Christ ians.) Ibn Wahb relat ed t hat ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said t hat his fat her said about t he Ayah:

リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ン∠ギヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや

(Then Allah by His leave guided t hose who believed t o t he t rut h of t hat wherein t hey differed.) They disput ed about t he day of Congregat ion (Friday). The Jews made it Sat urday while t he Christ ians chose Sunday. Allah guided t he Ummah of Muhammad t o Friday. They also disput ed about t he t rue Qiblah. The Christ ians faced t he east while t he Jews faced Bayt Al-Maqdis. Allah guided t he Ummah of Muhammad t o t he t rue Qiblah (Ka` bah in Makkah). They also disput ed about t he prayer, as some of t hem bow down, but do not prost rat e, while ot hers prost rat e, but do not bow down. Some of t hem pray while t alking and some while walking. Allah guided t he Ummah of Muhammad t o t he t rut h. They also disput ed about t he fast ; some of t hem fast during a part of t he day, while ot hers fast from cert ain t ypes of foods. Allah guided t he Ummah of Muhammad t o t he t rut h. They also disput ed about Ibrahim. The Jews said, ` He was a Jew,' while t he Christ ians considered him Christ ian. Allah has made him a Haniyfan Musliman. Allah has guided t he Ummah of Muhammad t o t he t rut h. They also disput ed about ` Isa. The Jews rej ect ed him and accused his mot her of a grave sin, while t he Christ ians made him a god and t he son of God. Allah made him by His Word and a spirit from (t hose He creat ed) Him. Allah guided t he Ummah of Muhammad t o t he t rut h.'' Allah t hen said:

びヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ぴ (...by His leave) meaning, ` By His knowledge of t hem and by what He has direct ed and guided t hem t o,' according t o Ibn Jarir. Also:

び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah guides whom He wills) means from among His creat ion. (Allah said:)

びユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (...t o t he st raight way) meaning, He commands t he decision and t he clear proof. Al-Bukhari and Muslim report ed t hat ` A'ishah narrat ed t hat when Allah's Messenger used t o wake up at night t o pray, he would say:

ゲ∠ デ ͡ ゅ∠プ ∩∠モΒ͡プや∠ゲ∇シま͡ヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡もゅ∠ムΒ͡ョヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡もや∠ゲ∇らィ ͡ ゆ ｚ ケ ｚユヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∩͡りキ∠ ゅ∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ハ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ れ ͡ や∠ヲヨｚジャや ヶ͡ルギ͡ ∇ワや ∩∠ラヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ポ ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ リ ∠ ∇Βよ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エゎ∠

∇リョ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇ヰゎ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ∩∠マル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ブ ∠ ヤ͡わ⊥ ∇カや ゅ∠ヨャ͡ «ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヅ ∃ や∠ゲタ ͡ ヴャ͡ま ￢⊥ ゅ∠ゼゎ∠ (O Allah, t he Lord of (angels) Jibril, Mika'il and Israfil, Creat or of t he heavens and eart h and Knower of t he seen and t he unseen. You j udge bet ween Your servant s regarding what t hey have disput ed in, so guide me t o what have been t he subj ect of disput e of t he t rut h by Your leave. Indeed, You guide whom You will t o t he st raight pat h.( A Du` a reads:

ゅ∠ルケ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮハ ∠ ゅ∠らゎあ や ゅ∠レ∇ホコ⊥ ∇ケや∠ヱ ∩ゅ６ボェ ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ルケ͡ ぺ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» ヮ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮよ∠ ゅ∠ レ͡ わ∇ィや ゅ∠レ∇ホコ⊥ ∇ケや∠ヱ ∩ゅ⇔ヤデ ͡ ゅ∠よ モ ∠デ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇ャや «ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ョま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ ∩ｚモツ ͡ レ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ⇔ジら͡ わ∠ ∇ヤョ⊥ (O Allah! Show us t he t rut h as t rut h, and best ow adherence t o it on us. Show us t he evil as evil, and make us st ay away from it , and do not confuse us regarding t he realit y of evil so t hat we will not be led ast ray by it , and make us leaders for t he believers.)

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ん∠ ｚョ ユ⊥ムゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ ￢⊥ へｚゲツ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠シ∇ほ∠ら∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇わｚジｚョ ユ⊥ムヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇や∇ヲヤ∠カ ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゴ͡ ∇ャコ⊥ ヱ∠ び ∀ょΑ͡ゲ∠ホ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇ダル∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ダル∠ ヴ∠わョ∠ (214. Or t hink you t hat you will ent er Paradise wit hout such (t rials) as came t o t hose who passed away before you They were afflict ed wit h severe povert y and ailment s and were so shaken t hat even t he Messenger and t hose who believed along wit h him said, "When (will come) t he help of Allah'' Yes! Cert ainly, t he help of Allah is near!)

Victory only comes after succeeding in the Trials Allah said:

びる∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ

(Or t hink you t hat you will ent er Paradise) before you are t est ed and t ried j ust like t he nat ions t hat came before you This is why Allah said:

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇わｚジｚョ ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇や∇ヲヤ∠カ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ん∠ ｚョ ユ⊥ムゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び￢⊥ へｚゲツ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠シ∇ほら∠ ∇ャや (...wit hout such (t rials) as came t o t hose who passed away before you They were afflict ed wit h severe povert y and ailment s) meaning, illnesses, pain, disast ers and hardships. Ibn Mas` ud, Ibn ` Abbas, Abu Al-` Aliyah, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Murrah Al-Hamdani, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, AdDahhak, Ar-Rabi` , As-Suddi and Muqat il bin Hayyan said t hat

び￢͡ べ∠シ∇ほら∠ ∇ャやぴ (Al-Ba'sa') means povert y. Ibn ` Abbas said t hat

び￢͡ へｚゲツ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (...and Ad-Darra') means ailment s.

び∇やヲ⊥ャゴ͡ ∇ャコ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and were so shaken) for fear of t he enemy, and were t est ed, and put t o a t remendous t rial. An aut hent ic Hadit h narrat ed t hat Khabbab bin Al-Arat t said, "We said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Why do you not invoke Allah t o support us Why do you not supplicat e t o Allah for us' He said:

ケ⊥ ゅ∠ゼ∇レヨ͡ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ッ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ヮ⊥ プ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ダΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ヮ͡ ∇Βョ∠ ギ∠ ホ∠ ヴャ͡ま ゾ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ シ ͡ ∇ぺケ∠ ベ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ヘョ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや ヅ ͡ ゅ∠ゼ∇ョほ∠よ͡ テ ⊥ゼ ∠ ∇ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮレ͡ Α͡キ ∇リハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ .«ヮ͡レΑ͡キ ∇リハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヮ⊥ プ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ダΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩͡ヮ͡ヨ∇ヌ∠ハ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇エャ∠ (The saw would be placed on t he middle of t he head of one of t hose who were before you (believers) and he would be sawn unt il his feet , and he would be combed wit h iron combs bet ween his skin and bones, yet t hat would not make him change his religion.) He t hen said:

ょ ⊥ ミ͡ やｚゲャや ゲ∠ Β͡ジΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ョほ∠∇ャや や∠グワ∠ ぶ ⊥ やリ ｚ ヨｚ ͡わΒ⊥ ∠ャ ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ» ぶ ∠ や ゅｚャま͡ フ ⊥ ゅ∠ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩∠れ∇ヲョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ツェ ∠ ヴャま ￢∠ ゅ∠バ∇レタ ∠ ∇リョ͡ «ラヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒⇒ｚレム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮヨ͡ レ∠ ビ ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ょ ∠ ∇もグあ ャや∠ヱ (By Allah! This mat t er (religion) will spread (or expand) by Allah unt il t he t raveler leaves San` a' t o Hadramawt (bot h in Yemen, but at a great dist ance from each ot her) fearing only Allah and t hen t he wolf for t he sake of his sheep. You are j ust a hast y people.) And Allah said:

-リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ユャやぴ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ (Alif-Lam-Mim. Do people t hink t hat t hey will be left alone because t hey say: "We believe,'' and will not be t est ed And We indeed t est ed t hose who were before t hem. And Allah will cert ainly make (it ) known (t he t rut h of) t hose who are t rue, and will cert ainly make (it ) known (t he falsehood of) t hose who are liars.) (29:1-3) The Companions experienced t remendous t rials during t he bat t le of Confederat es). Allah said:

Al-Ahzab (t he

∇クま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ モ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ぴ ゲ∠ ィ ͡ ゅ∠レエ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘや ろ ͡ ビ ∠ や∠コ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ ヤ͡わ⊥ ∇よや マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ - ∇ゅル∠ ヲ⊥レヌ ぁ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲぁレヌ ⊥ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ - や⇔ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ Ι ⇔ や∠ゴ∇ャコ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゴ͡ ∇ャコ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ルギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚョ ∀チ∠ゲョｚ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ び や⇔ケヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡

(When t hey came upon you from above you and from below you, and when t he eyes grew wild and t he heart s reached t o t he t hroat s, and you were harboring doubt s about Allah. There, t he believers were t ried and shaken wit h a might y shaking. And when t he hypocrit es and t hose in whose heart s is a disease (of doubt s) said: "Allah and His Messenger promised us not hing but delusion!'') (33:10-12) When Heraclius asked Abu Sufyan, "Did you fight him (Prophet Muhammad)'' He said, "Yes.'' Heraclius said, "What was t he out come of warfare bet ween you'' Abu Sufyan said, "Somet imes we lose and somet imes he loses.'' He said, "Such is t he case wit h Prophet s, t hey are t est ed, but t he final vict ory is t heirs.'' Allah's st at ement :

びユ⊥ムヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇や∇ヲヤ∠カ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ん∠ ｚョぴ (...wit hout (such) (t rials) as came t o t hose who passed away before you) meaning, t heir way of life. Similarly, Allah said:

びリ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘやモ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ヴ∠ツョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゼ∇トよ∠ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワほ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then We dest royed men st ronger (in power) t han t hese passed away (before t hem)) (43: 8) and:

and t he example of t he ancient s has

∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゴ͡ ∇ャコ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ダル∠ ヴ∠わョ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ (...were so shaken t hat even t he Messenger and t hose who believed along wit h him said, "When (will come) t he help of Allah.'') They pleaded (t o Allah) for vict ory against t heir enemies and invoked Him for aid and deliverance from t heir hardships and t rials. Allah said:

び∀ょΑ͡ゲ∠ホ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇ダル∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Yes! Cert ainly, t he help of Allah is near!) Allah said:

び や⇔ゲ∇ジΑ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ジバ⊥ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - や⇔ゲ∇ジΑ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ジバ⊥ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (Verily, along wit h every hardship is relief. Verily, along wit h every hardship is relief.) (94:5, 6)

So j ust as t here is hardship, it s equal of relief will soon arrive. This is why Allah said:

び∀ょΑ͡ゲ∠ホ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇ダル∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Yes! Cert ainly, t he help of Allah is near!)

ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョあ ユ⊥わ∇ボ∠ヘル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α や∠クゅ∠ョ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Αぴ リ ͡ ∇よや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ム⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘ や∠ヱ リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ヤヤ͡プ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや (215. They ask you (O Muhammad ) what t hey should spend. Say: "What ever you spend of good must be for parent s and kindred and orphans and Al-Masakin (t he poor) and t he wayfarer, and what ever you do of good deeds, t ruly, Allah knows it well.'')

Who deserves the Nafaqah (Spending or Charity) Muqat il bin Hayyan said t hat t his Ayah was revealed about t he volunt ary charit y. The Ayah means, ` They ask you (O Muhammad ) how t hey should spend,' as Ibn ` Abbas and Muj ahid have st at ed. So, Allah explained it for t hem, saying:

リ ∠ Β͡よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘ や∠ヱ リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ヤヤ͡プ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョあ ユ⊥わ∇ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びモ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ͡ ∇よや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ム⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (Say: "What ever you spend of good must be for parent s and kindred and orphans and Al-Masakin and t he wayfarer,'') meaning, spend it on t hese cat egories or areas. Similarly, a Hadit h st at es (t hat t hose who deserve one's generosit y t he most , are):

«ポゅ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ポ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ポ ∠ ゅ∠カぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ わ∠ ∇カぺ⊥ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ゅ∠よぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ョｚ ぺ⊥» (Your mot her, fat her, sist er, brot her, t he closest and t hen t he fart hest (relat ives).) Maymun bin Mihran once recit ed t his Ayah (2:215) and comment ed, "These are t he areas of spending. Allah did not ment ion among t hem t he drums, pipe, wooden pict ures, or t he curt ains t hat cover t he walls.'' Next , Allah said:

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (...and what ever you do of good deeds, t ruly, Allah knows it well.) meaning, what ever you perform of good works, Allah knows t hem and He will reward you for t hem in t he best manner, no one will be dealt wit h unj ust ly, even t he weight of an at om.

ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ロ∇ゲミ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ぴ ∇やヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ワ∠ゲ∇ム∠ゎ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ゲｘ セ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ (216. Fight ing is ordained for you (Muslims) t hough you dislike it , and it may be t hat you dislike a t hing which is good for you and t hat you like a t hing which is bad for you. Allah knows but you do not know.)

Jihad is made Obligatory In t his Ayah, Allah made it obligat ory for t he Muslims t o fight in Jihad against t he evil of t he enemy who t ransgress against Islam. Az-Zuhri said, "Jihad is required from every person, whet her he act ually j oins t he fight ing or remains behind. Whoever remains behind is required t o give support , if support is warrant ed; t o provide aid, if aid is needed; and t o march fort h, if he is commanded t o do so. If he is not needed, t hen he remains behind.'' It is report ed in t he Sahih:

∩͡ヱ∇ゴピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ゐギあ エ ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゴ⊥ ∇ピΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ れ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇リョ∠ » «る⇒⇒ｚΒヤ͡ワ͡ ゅ∠ィ る⇔ わ∠ Β͡ョ れ ∠ ゅ∠ョ (Whoever dies but neit her fought (i.e., in Allah's cause), nor sincerely considered fight ing, will die a deat h of Jahiliyyah (pre-Islamic era of ignorance).) On t he day of Al-Fat h (when he conquered Makkah), t he Prophet said:

や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩∀るΒｚ ル͡ ヱ∠ ∀キゅ∠ヰィ ͡ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ ウ ͡ ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ ∇イワ͡ ゅ∠ャ» «やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ルゅ∠プ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇レわ⊥ ∇シや

(There is no Hij rah (migrat ion from Makkah t o Al-Madinah) aft er t he vict ory, but only Jihad and good int ent ion. If you were required t o march fort h, t hen march fort h.) Allah's st at ement :

び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ロ∇ゲミ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (...t hough you dislike it ) means, ` Fight ing is difficult and heavy on your heart s.' Indeed, fight ing is as t he Ayah describes it , as it includes being killed, wounded, st riving against t he enemies and enduring t he hardship of t ravel. Allah t hen said:

び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ワ∠ゲ∇ム∠ゎ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (. ..and it may be t hat you dislike a t hing which is good for you) meaning, fight ing is followed by vict ory, dominance over t he enemy, t aking over t heir lands, money and offspring. Allah cont inues:

び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ゲｘ セ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇やヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (...and t hat you like a t hing which is bad for you.) This Ayah is general in meaning. Hence, one might covet somet hing, yet in realit y it is not good or beneficial for him, such as refraining from j oining t he Jihad, for it might lead t o t he enemy t aking over t he land and t he government . Then, Allah said:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (Allah knows, but you do not know.) meaning, He has bet t er knowledge t han you of how t hings will t urn out t o be in t he end, and of what benefit s you in t his eart hly life and t he Hereaft er. Hence, obey Him and adhere t o His commands, so t hat you may acquire t he t rue guidance.

∀メゅ∠わ͡ホ ∇モホ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ メ ∃ ゅ∠わホ͡ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇ヰゼ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Αぴ ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∀ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ギｘ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ る⊥ レ∠ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ァ ⊥ や∠ゲ∇カま͡ヱ∠ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ∠ラヲ⊥ャや∠ゴ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇わボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠

∇キギ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハゅ∠トわ∠ ∇シや ラ ͡ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ Α͡キ リ∠ハ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱぁキゲ⊥ Α∠ ∇ろト ∠ ら͡ ェ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ∀ゲ͡プゅ∠ミ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ろヨ⊥ Β∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ レ͡ Α͡キ リ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲィ ∠ ゅ∠ワ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ (217. They ask you concerning fight ing in t he Sacred Mont hs. Say, "Fight ing t herein is a great (t ransgression) but a great er (t ransgression) wit h Allah is t o prevent mankind from following t he way of Allah, t o disbelieve in Him, t o prevent access t o Al-Masj id Al-Haram (at Makkah), and t o drive out it s inhabit ant s, and Al-Fit nah is worse t han killing.'' And t hey will never cease fight ing you unt il t hey t urn you back from your religion (Islamic Monot heism) if t hey can. And whosoever of you t urns back from his religion and dies as a disbeliever, t hen his deeds will be lost in t his life and in t he Hereaft er, and t hey will be t he dwellers of t he Fire. They will abide t herein forever.) (218. Verily, t hose who have believed, and t hose who have emigrat ed (for Allah's religion) and have st riven hard in t he way of Allah, all t hese hope for Allah's mercy. And Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most -Merciful.)

The Nakhlah Military Maneuvers, and the Ruling on Fighting during the Sacred Months Ibn Abu Hat im report ed t hat Jundub bin ` Abdullah said: Allah's Messenger assembled a group of men under t he command of Abu ` Ubaydah bin Jarrah. When he was about t o march, he st art ed crying for t he t hought of missing Allah's Messenger . Consequent ly, t he Messenger relieved Abu ` Ubaydah from command, appoint ed ` Abdullah bin Jahsh inst ead, gave him some writ t en inst ruct ions and commanded him not t o read t he inst ruct ions unt il he reached such and such area. He also said t o ` Abdullah:

∇リョ͡ マ ∠ バ∠ ョ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ｚ ワ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ムゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» .«マ͡よゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ (Do not compel any of your men t o cont inue marching wit h you t hereaft er.) When ` Abdullah read t he inst ruct ions, he recit ed Ist irj a` saying, ` Truly! t o Allah we belong and t ruly, t o Him we shall ret urn'; and refer t o (2:156) and said, "I hear and obey Allah and His

Messenger.'' He t hen t old his companions t he st ory and read t he inst ruct ions t o t hem, and t wo men went back while t he rest remained. Soon aft er, t hey found Ibn Hadrami (one of t he disbelievers of Quraysh) and killed him not knowing t hat t hat day was in Raj ab or Jumadi (where Raj ab is t he Sacred Mont h). The polyt heist s said t o t he Muslims, "You have commit t ed murder in t he Sacred Mont h.'' Allah t hen revealed:

∀メゅ∠わ͡ホ ∇モホ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ メ ∃ ゅ∠わホ͡ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇ヰゼ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Αぴ び∀ゲΒ͡ら∠ミ ヮ͡ Β͡プ (They ask you concerning fight ing in t he Sacred Mont hs. Say, "Fight ing t herein is a great (t ransgression)...'') Abdul-Malik bin Hisham, who compiled t he Sirah (life st ory of t he Prophet ), relat ed t hat Ziyad bin ` Abdullah Bakka'i said t hat Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar Al-Madani wrot e in his book on t he Sirah, "Allah's Messenger sent ` Abdullah bin Jahsh bin Riyab Al-Asadi in Raj ab, aft er he (t he Prophet ) came back from t he first bat t le of Badr. The Prophet sent eight people wit h him, all from among t he Muhaj irun and none from t he Ansar. He also gave him some writ t en inst ruct ions and ordered him not t o read t hem unt il he marched for t wo days. ` Abdullah should t hen read t he inst ruct ions and march t o implement t hem, but should not force any of t hose who were wit h him t o accompany him. The companions of ` Abdullah bin Jahsh were all from t he Muhaj irun, from t he t ribe of Banu ` Abd Shams bin ` Abd Manaf, t here was Abu Hudhayfah bin ` Ut bah bin Rabi` ah bin ` Abd Shams bin ` Abd Manaf. From t heir allies, t here was ` Abdullah bin Jahsh, who was t he commander of t he army unit , and ` Ukkashah bin Mihsan from t he t ribe of Banu Asad bin Khuzaymah. From t he t ribe of Banu Nawfal bin ` Abd Manaf, t here was ` Ut bah bin Ghazwan bin Jabir, one of t heir allies. From t he t ribe of Banu Zuhrah bin Kilab, t here was Sa` d bin Abu Waqqas. From Banu Ka` b, t here were t heir allies: ` Adi bin ` Amr bin Ar-Rabi` ah not from t he t ribe of Ibn Wa'il; Waqid bin ` Abdullah bin ` Abd Manaf bin ` Arin bin Tha` labah bin Yarbu` from Banu Tamim; and Khalid bin Bukair from t he t ribe of Banu Sa` d bin Layt h, Suhayl bin Bayda' from Banu Al-Harit h bin Fihr was also among t hem. When ` Abdullah bin Jahsh marched for t wo days, he opened and read t he (Prophet 's) inst ruct ions, "When you read t hese inst ruct ions, march unt il you set camp at Nakhlah bet ween Makkah and At -Ta'if. There, wat ch t he movement s of t he caravan of Quraysh and collect news about t hem for us.'' When ` Abdullah bin Jahsh read t he document , he said, "I hear and obey.'' He t hen said t o his companions, "Allah's Messenger has commanded me t o march fort h t o Nakhlah t o wat ch t he movement s of t he caravan of Quraysh and t o inform him about t heir news. He has prohibit ed me from forcing any of you (t o go wit h me). So, t hose who seek mart yrdom, t hey should march wit h me. Those who dislike t he idea of mart yrdom, let t hem t urn back. Surely, I will implement t he command of Allah's Messenger .'' He and his companions cont inued wit hout any of t hem t urning back. ` Abdullah ent ered t he Hij az area (west ern Arabia) unt il he reached an area called Buhran, close t o Furu` . There, Sa` d bin Abu Waqqas and ` Ut bah bin Ghazwan lost t he camel t hat t hey were riding in t urns, and t hey went back t o search for it while ` Abdullah bin Jahsh and t he rest of his companions cont inued unt il t hey reached Nakhlah. Then, a caravan belonging t o t he Quraysh passed by carrying raisins, food st uff and some t rade it ems for t he Quraysh. ` Amr bin Hadrami, whose name was ` Abdullah bin ` Abbad, was in t he caravan, as well as ` Ut hman bin ` Abdullah bin Al-Mughirah and his brot her Nawfal bin ` Abdullah from t he t ribe of Makhzum, and Al-Hakam bin Kaysan, a freed slave of Hisham bin Al-Mughirah. When t hey saw t he Companions t hey were fright ened, but when t hey saw ` Ukkashah bin Mihsan t heir fears

subsided, since his head was shaved. They said, "These people seek t he ` Umrah, so t here is no need t o fear t hem.'' The Companions conferred among t hemselves. That day was t he last day in t he (sacred) mont h of Raj ab. They said t o each ot her, "By Allah! If you let t hem pass, t hey will soon ent er t he Sacred Area and t ake refuge in it from you. If you kill t hem, you will kill t hem during t he Sacred Mont h.'' They at first hesit at ed and did not like t o at t ack t hem. They t hen began encouraging t hemselves and decided t o kill whomever t hey could among t he disbelievers and t o confiscat e what ever t hey had. Hence, Waqid bin ` Abdullah At -Tamimi shot an arrow at ` Amr bin Al-Hadrami and killed him. ` Ut hman bin ` Abdullah and Al-Hakam bin Kaysan gave t hemselves up, while Nawfal bin ` Abdullah was able t o out run t hem in flight . Lat er on, ` Abdullah bin Jahsh and his companions went back t o Allah's Messenger in Al-Madinah wit h t he caravan and t he t wo prisoners. dIbn Ishaq went on: I was t old t hat some members of t he family of ` Abdullah bin Jahsh said t hat ` Abdullah said t o his companions: "Allah's Messenger will have one-fift h of what we have confiscat ed.'' This occurred before Allah required one-fift h for His Messenger from t he war boot y. So, ` Abdullah designat ed one-fift h of t he caravan for Allah's Messenger and divided t he rest among his companions. Ibn Ishaq also st at ed t hat at first , when t he Sariyah came back t o Allah's Messenger , he said t o t hem:

«ュや∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇ヰゼ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ メ ∃ ゅ∠わボ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ゲョ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (I have not commanded you t o conduct warfare during t he Sacred Mont h. ) He left t he caravan and t he t wo prisoners alone and did not t ake any share of t he war boot y. When Allah's Messenger did t hat , t he soldiers from t he at t ack were concerned and felt t hat t hey were dest royed, and t heir Muslim bret hren crit icized t hem for what t hey did. The Quraysh said t hat Muhammad and his Companions violat ed t he sanct it y of t he Sacred Mont h and shed blood, confiscat ed propert y and t ook prisoners during it . Those who refut ed t hem among t he Muslims who remained in Makkah replied t hat t he Muslims had done t hat during t he mont h of Sha` ban (which is not a sacred mont h). Meanwhile, t he Jews were pleased about what happened t o Allah's Messenger . They said, ` Amr bin Hadrami was killed by Waqid bin ` Abdullah: ` Amr, means t he war has st art ed, Hadrami means t he war has come, as for Waqid (bin ` Abdullah): t he war has raged (using some of t he lit eral meanings of t hese names t o support t heir fort une-t elling!).'' But , Allah made all t hat t urn against t hem. The people cont inued t alking about t his mat t er, t hen Allah revealed t o His Messenger :

∀メゅ∠わ͡ホ ∇モホ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ メ ∃ ゅ∠わホ͡ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇ヰゼ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Αぴ ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∀ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ギｘ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ る⊥ レ∠ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ァ ⊥ や∠ゲ∇カま͡ヱ∠ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや びモ ͡ ∇わボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠

(They ask you concerning fight ing in t he Sacred Mont hs. Say, "Fight ing t herein is a great (t ransgression) but a great er (t ransgression) wit h Allah is t o prevent mankind from following t he way of Allah, t o disbelieve in Him, t o prevent access t o Al-Masj id Al-Haram (at Makkah), and t o drive out it s inhabit ant s, and Al-Fit nah is worse t han killing.) This Ayah means, ` If you had killed during t he Sacred Mont h, t hey (disbelievers of Quraysh) have hindered you from t he pat h of Allah and disbelieved in it . They also prevent ed you from ent ering t he Sacred Mosque, and expelled you from it , while you are it s people,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ぴ (...a great er (t ransgression) wit h Allah) t han killing whom you killed among t hem. Also:

びモ ͡ ∇わボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (...and Al-Fit nah is worse t han killing.) means, t rying t o force t he Muslims t o revert from t heir religion and re-embrace Kufr aft er t hey had believed, is worse wit h Allah t han killing.' Allah said:

∇ユム⊥ レ͡ Α͡キ リ∠ハ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱぁキゲ⊥ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ∠ラヲ⊥ャや∠ゴ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇やヲ⊥ハゅ∠トわ∠ ∇シや ラ ͡ ま͡ (And t hey will never cease fight ing you unt il t hey t urn you back from your religion (Islamic Monot heism) if t hey can.) So, t hey will go on fight ing you wit h unrelent ing viciousness. Ibn Ishaq went on: When t he Qur'an t ouched t his subj ect and Allah brought relief t o t he Muslims inst ead of t he sadness t hat had befallen t hem, Allah's Messenger t ook possession of t he caravan and t he t wo prisoners. The Quraysh offered t o ransom t he t wo prisoners, ` Ut hman bin ` Abdullah and Hakam bin Kaysan. Allah's Messenger said:

«ゅ∠ルゅ∠らェ ͡ ゅ∠タ ュ∠ ギ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨム⊥ Α͡ギ∇ヘル∠ ゅ∠ャ» (We will not accept your ransom unt il our t wo companions ret urn safely. ) meaning Sa` d bin Abu Waqqas and ` Ut bah bin Ghazwan, "For we fear for t heir safet y wit h you. If you kill t hem, we will kill your people.'' Lat er on, Sa` d and ` Ut bah ret urned safely and Allah's Messenger accept ed t he Quraysh's ransom for t heir prisoners. As for Al-Hakam bin Kaysan, he became Muslim and his Islam st rengt hened. He remained wit h Allah's Messenger unt il he was mart yred during t he incident at Bir Ma` unah (when t he Prophet sent sevent y Companions t o Naj d t o t each t hem Islam, but Banu Sulaim killed t hem all except t wo). As for ` Ut hman bin ` Abdullah, he went back t o Makkah and died t here as a disbeliever.

Ibn Ishaq went on: When ` Abdullah bin Jahsh and his companions were relieved from t heir depressing t hought s aft er t he Qur'an was revealed about t his subj ect , t hey sought t he reward of t he fight ers (in Allah's way). They said, "O Messenger of Allah! We wish t hat t his incident be considered a bat t le for us, so t hat we gain t he rewards of t he Muj ahidin.'' Then, Allah revealed:

ヶ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲィ ∠ ゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ (Verily, t hose who have believed, and t hose who have emigrat ed (for Allah's religion) and have st riven hard in t he way of Allah, all t hese hope for Allah's mercy. And Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) Hence, Allah has great ly elevat ed t heir hopes of gaining what t hey had wished for.

∀ユ∇を͡ま べ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プ ∇モホ⊥ ゲ͡ ジ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤゃ∠ ⇒∇ジΑ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ バ͡ ∇ヘルｚ リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇をま͡ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ノ⊥ ヘ͡ ⇒∠レョ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ⊥ Β∂ ら⊥Α マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミ ヲ∠ ∇ヘバ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α や∠クゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤゃ∠ ⇒∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡ ∇Ιや∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΓや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ゥ ∀Κ ∠ ∇タま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤゃ∠ ⇒∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ギ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ル⊥ ヲ∇カみ͡プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥トャ͡ゅ∠ガゎ⊥ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ∠ レ∠ ∇ハΙ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ウ ͡ ヤ͡∇ダヨ⊥ ∇ャや び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ (219. They ask you (O Muhammad ) concerning alcoholic drink and gambling. Say: "In t hem is a great sin, and (some) benefit s for men, but t he sin of t hem is great er t han t heir benefit .'' And t hey ask you what t hey ought t o spend. Say: "That which is (spare) beyond your needs.'' Thus Allah makes clear t o you His Laws in order t hat you may give t hought .) (220. In (t o) t his worldly life and in t he Hereaft er. And t hey ask you concerning orphans. Say: "The best t hing is t o work honest ly in t heir propert y, and if you mix your affairs wit h t heirs, t hen t hey are your brot hers. And Allah knows (t he one) who means mischief (e.g., t o swallow t heir propert y) from (t he one) who means good (e.g., t o save t heir propert y). And if Allah had wished, He could have put you int o difficult ies. Truly, Allah is All-Might y, All-Wise.'')

The Gradual Prohibition of Khamr (Alchoholic Drink) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Maysarah said t hat ` Umar once said, "O Allah! Give us a clear ruling regarding Al-Khamr!'' Allah sent down t he Ayah of Surat Al-Baqarah:

∀ユ∇を͡ま べ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プ ∇モホ⊥ ゲ͡ ジ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ ぴ び∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ (They ask you (O Muhammad ) concerning alcoholic drink and gambling. Say: "In t hem is a great sin...) ` Umar was t hen summoned and t he Ayah was recit ed t o him. Yet , he st ill said, "O Allah! Give us a clear ruling regarding Al-Khamr.'' Then, t his Ayah t hat is in Surat An-Nisa' was revealed:

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ びン∠ゲ⇒∠ムシ ⊥ (O you who believe! Approach not As-Salah (t he prayer) when you are in a drunken st at e.) (4:43) Then, when t he prayer was called for, a person used t o herald on behalf of Allah's Messenger , "No drunk person should at t end t he prayer.'' ` Umar was summoned again and t he Ayah was recit ed t o him. Yet , he st ill said, "O Allah! Give us a clear ruling regarding Al-Khamr.'' Then, t he Ayah t hat is in Surat Al-Ma'idah was revealed, ` Umar was again summoned and t he Ayah was recit ed t o him. When he reached:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レぁョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, will you not t hen abst ain) (5:91) he said, "We did abst ain, we did abst ain.'' This is also t he narrat ion t hat Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasai collect ed in t heir books. ` Ali bin Al-Madini and At -Tirmidhi said t hat t he chain of narrat ors for t his Hadit h is sound and aut hent ic. We will ment ion t his Hadit h again along wit h what Imam Ahmad collect ed by Abu Hurayrah Allah's saying in Surat Al-Ma'idah:

ュ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇コΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ダルｘΙや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや モ ͡ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ザ∇ィ͡ケ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ (Int oxicant s and gambling, and Al-Ansab, and Al-Azlam are an abominat ion of Sat an's handiwork. So avoid (st rict ly all) t hat (abominat ion) in order t hat you may be successful.) (5:90) Allah said:

びゲ͡ ジ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Αぴ (They ask you (O Muhammad ) concerning alcoholic drinks and gambling.) As for Al-Khamr, ` Umar bin Khat t ab, t he Leader of t he fait hful, used t o say, "It includes all what int oxicat es t he mind.'' We will also ment ion t his st at ement in t he explanat ion of Surat AlMa'idah, along wit h t he t opic of gambling. Allah said:

びサ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ノ⊥ ヘ͡ ⇒∠レョ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ∀ユ∇を͡ま べ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: In t hem is a great sin, and (some) benefit s for men.) As for t he harm t hat t he Khamr and gambling cause, it effect s t he religion. As for t heir benefit , it is mat erial, including benefit for t he body, digest ing t he food, get t ing rid of t he excrement s, sharpening t he mind, bringing about a j oyous sensat ion and financially benefit ing from t heir sale. Also, (t heir benefit includes) earnings t hrough gambling t hat one uses t o spend on his family and on himself. Yet , t hese benefit s are out weighed by t he clear harm t hat t hey cause which affect s t he mind and t he religion. This is why Allah said:

びゅ∠ヨヰ͡ バ͡ ∇ヘルｚ リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇を͡ま∠ヱぴ (...but t he sin of t hem is great er t han t heir benefit .) This Ayah was t he beginning of t he process of prohibit ing Khamr, not explicit y, but it only implied t his meaning. So when t his Ayah was recit ed t o ` Umar, he st ill said, "O Allah! Give us a clear ruling regarding Al-Khamr.'' Soon aft er, Allah sent down a clear prohibit ion of Khamr in Surat Al-Ma'idah:

ゲ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ へ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや モ ͡ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ザ∇ィ͡ケ ュ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇コΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ダルｘΙや∠ヱ ラ∠ぺ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ギ⊥ Αゲ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プ ゲ͡ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ￢∠ べ∠ツ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ り∠ ヱ∠ や∠ギバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ノ∠ ホ͡ ヲ⊥Α り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ∇ユミ⊥ ｚギダ ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ジ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レぁョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ (O you who believe! Int oxicant s (all kinds of alcoholic drinks), and gambling, and Al-Ansab, and Al-Azlam are an abominat ion of Shayt an's handiwork. So avoid (st rict ly all) t hat (abominat ion) in order t hat you may be successful. Shayt an want s only t o excit e enmit y and hat red bet ween you wit h int oxicant s (alcoholic drinks) and gambling, and hinder you from t he remembrance of Allah and from As-Salah (t he prayer). So, will you not t hen abst ain) (5:90, 91) We will ment ion t his subj ect , by t he will of Allah, when we explain Surat Al-Ma'idah. Ibn ` Umar, Ash-Sha` bi, Muj ahid, Qat adah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Aslam st at ed t hat t he first Ayah revealed about Khamr was:

∀ユ∇を͡ま べ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プ ∇モホ⊥ ゲ͡ ジ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Αぴ び∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ (They ask you about Khamr and gambling. Say: "In t hem t here is great sin.'') (2:219) Then, t he Ayah in Surat An-Nisa' was revealed (on t his subj ect ) and t hen t he Ayah in Surat AlMa'idah which prohibit ed Khamr.

Spending whatever One could spare of his Money on Charity Allah said:

びヲ∠ ∇ヘバ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α や∠クゅ∠ョ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Α∠ヱぴ (And t hey ask you what t hey ought t o spend. Say: "That which is (spare) beyond your needs.'')

Al-Hakam said t hat Miqsam said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t his Ayah means, what ever you can spare above t he needs of your family. This is also t he opinion of Ibn ` Umar, Muj ahid, ` At a', ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Muhammad bin Ka` b, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Al-Qasim, Salim, ` At a' AlKhurasani and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas. Ibn Jarir relat ed t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat a man said, "O Messenger of Allah! I have a Dinar (a currency).'' The Prophet said:

«マ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ∇ボヘ͡ ∇ルぺ∠» (Spend it you on yourself.) He said, "I have anot her Dinar.'' He said:

«マ͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ∇ボヘ͡ ∇ルぺ∠» (Spend it on your wife.) He said, "I have anot her Dinar.'' He said:

«ポ͡ギ∠ャ∠ヱ ヴヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ∇ボヘ͡ ∇ルぺ∠» (Spend it on your offspring.) He said, "I have anot her Dinar.'' He said:

«ゲ∠ダ∇よぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルほ∠プ∠ » (You have bet t er knowledge (meaning how and where t o spend it in charit y).) Muslim also recorded t his Hadit h in his Sahih. Muslim recorded t hat Jabir said t hat Allah's Messenger said t o a man:

∀￢∇ヶ∠セ モ ∠ツ ∠ プ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ベギｚ ダ ∠ わ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ よ͡ ∇ぺギ∠ ∇よや» ヵ͡グヤ͡プ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ∀￢∇ヶ∠セ モ ∠ツ ∠ プ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩∠マヤ͡∇ワほ∠ヤ͡プ∠ や∠グム∠ ヰ∠プ ∀￢∇ヶ∠セ マ ∠ わ͡ よ∠ や∠ゲホ∠ ヵ͡ク ∇リハ ∠ モ ∠ツ ∠ プ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩∠マわ͡ よ∠ や∠ゲホ∠ «や∠グム∠ ワ∠ヱ (St art wit h yourself and grant it some charit y. If anyt hing remains, t hen spend it on your family. If anyt hing remains, t hen spend it on your relat ives. If anyt hing remains, t hen spend it like t his and like t hat (i.e., on various charit able purposes).)

A Hadit h st at es:

∇ラぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠マャ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ モ ∠ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ グ⊥ ∇らゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ マ ∠ ルｚま͡ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ∠ ∇よや» «フゅ∠ヘミ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠マャ∠ ゲｘ セ ∠ ヮ⊥ ム∠ ジ ͡ ∇ヨゎ⊥ (O son of Adam! If you spend what ever you can spare, it would be bet t er for you; but if you keep it , it would be worse for you. You shall not be blamed for what ever is barely sufficient .) Allah said:

ヴ͡ヘル∠ ヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΓや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ⊥ Βあ ら⊥Α マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミぴ びり͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ゅ∠Βル⊥ ギぁ ャや (Thus Allah makes clear t o you His Ayat in order t hat you may give t hought . In (t o) t his worldly life and in t he Hereaft er.) meaning, j ust as He st at ed and explained t hese commandment s for you, He also explains t he rest of His Ayat regarding t he commandment s and His promises and warnings, so t hat you might give t hought in t his life and t he Hereaft er. ` Ali bin Abu Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "Meaning about t he imminent demise and t he brevit y of t his life, and t he imminent commencement of t he Hereaft er and it s cont inuit y.'' a

Maintaining the Orphan's Property Allah said:

∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ∀ゥ∠Κ∇タま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Α∠ヱぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ ギ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ル⊥ ヲ∠ ∇カみ͡プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥トャ͡ゅ∠ガゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ び∇ユム⊥ わ∠ レ∠ ∇ハΕ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ウ ͡ ヤ͡∇ダヨ⊥ ∇ャや (And t hey ask you concerning orphans. Say: "The best t hing is t o work honest ly in t heir propert y, and if you mix your affairs wit h t heirs, t hen t hey are your brot hers. And Allah knows him who means mischief (e.g., t o swallow t heir propert y) from him who means good (e.g., t o save t heir propert y). And if Allah had wished, He could have put you int o difficult ies.) Ibn Jarir report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "When t he Ayat :

びリ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ ユ͡ Β͡わΒ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And come not near t o t he orphan's propert y, except t o improve it .) (6:152) and

ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び や⇔ゲΒ͡バシ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠∇ダΒ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ (Verily, t hose who unj ust ly eat up t he propert y of orphans, t hey eat up only fire int o t heir bellies, and t hey will be burnt in t he blazing Fire!) (4:10) were revealed, t hose who t ook care of some orphans, separat ed t heir food and drink from t he orphans' food and drink. When some of t he orphans' food and drink remained, t hey would keep it for t hem unt il t hey eat it or ot herwise get spoiled. This sit uat ion was difficult for t hem and t hey ment ioned t his subj ect t o Allah's Messenger .

∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ゥ ∀Κ ∠ ∇タま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Α∠ヱぴ び∇ユム⊥ ル⊥ ヲ∠ ∇カみ͡プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥トャ͡ゅ∠ガゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ (And t hey ask you concerning orphans. Say: "The best t hing is t o work honest ly in t heir propert y, and if you mix your affairs wit h t heirs, t hen t hey are your brot hers.) Hence, t hey j oined t heir food and drink wit h t he food and drink of t he orphans.'' This Hadit h was also collect ed by Abu Dawud, An-Nasa'i and Al-Hakim in his Must adrak. Several ot hers said similarly about t he circumst ances surrounding t he revelat ion of t he Ayah (2:220), including Muj ahid, ` At a', Ash-Sha` bi, Ibn Abu Layla, Qat adah and ot hers among t he Salaf and t hose aft er t hem. Ibn Jarir report ed t hat ` A'ishah said, "I dislike t hat an orphan's money be under my care, unless I mix my food wit h his food and my drink wit h his drink.'' Allah said:

び∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ゥ ∀Κ ∠ ∇タま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: The best t hing is t o work honest ly in t heir propert y.) meaning, on t he one hand (i.e., t his is required in any case). Allah t hen said:

び∇ユム⊥ ル⊥ ヲ∠ ∇カみ͡プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥トャ͡ゅ∠ガゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (...and if you mix your affairs wit h t heirs, t hen t hey are your brot hers.) meaning, t here is no harm if you mix your food and drink wit h t heir food and drink, since t hey are your brot hers in t he religion. This is why Allah said aft erwards:

びウ ͡ ヤ͡∇ダヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ギ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah knows (t he one) who means mischief (e.g., t o swallow t heir propert y) from (t he one) who means good (e.g., t o save t heir propert y). ) meaning, He knows t hose whose int ent is t o cause mischief or right eousness. He also said:

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ∠ レ∠ ∇ハΕ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And if Allah had wished, He could have put you int o difficult ies. Truly, Allah is All-Might y, AllWise) meaning, if Allah wills, He will make t his mat t er difficult for you. But , He made it easy for you, and allowed you t o mix your affairs wit h t he orphans' affairs in a way t hat is bet t er. Similarly, Allah said:

びリ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ ユ͡ Β͡わΒ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And come not near t o t he orphan's propert y, except t o improve it .) (6:152) Allah has t hus allowed spending from t he orphan's est at e by it s execut or, in reasonable proport ions, on t he condit ion t hat he has t he int ent ion t o compensat e t he orphan lat er on, when he can afford it . We will ment ion about it in det ail in Surat An-Nisa' by Allah's will.

る∀ ョ∠ Ε ∠ ヱ∠ ｚリョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥エム͡ ∇レゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇わら∠ イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ る∃ ミ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼョぁ リあョ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ る∀ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョぁ ギ∀ ∇らバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ゼ ͡ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥エム͡ レ⊥ゎ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ら∠ イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ポ ∃ ゲ͡ ∇ゼョぁ リあョ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αへ リ ⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ (221. And do not marry Al-Mushrikat (idolat resses) t ill t hey believe (worship Allah Alone). And indeed a slave woman who believes is bet t er t han a (free) Mushrikah (idolat ress), even t hough she pleases you. And give not (your daught ers) in marriage t o Al-Mushrikin t ill t hey believe (in Allah Alone) and verily, a believing servant is bet t er t han a (free) Mushrik (idolat or), even t hough he pleases you. Those (Mushrikin) invit e you t o t he Fire, but Allah invit es (you) t o Paradise and forgiveness by His leave, and makes His Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelat ions, et c.) clear t o mankind t hat t hey may remember.)

The Prohibition of marrying Mushrik Men and Women Allah prohibit ed t he believers from marrying Mushrik women who worship idols. Alt hough t he meaning is general and includes every Mushrik woman from among t he idol worshippers and t he People of t he Script ure, Allah excluded t he People of t he Script ure from t his ruling. Allah st at ed:

リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ へク∠ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡エプ͡ ゅ∠ジョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レダ ͡ ∇エョ⊥ ｚリワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ ((Lawful t o you in marriage) are chast e women from t hose who were given t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) before your t ime when you have given t heir due dowry, desiring chast it y (i.e., t aking t hem in legal wedlock) not commit t ing illegal sexual int ercourse.) (5:5) ` Ali bin Abu Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about what Allah said:

びｚリョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥エム͡ ∇レゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And do not marry Al-Mushrikat (female idolat ors) t ill t hey believe (worship Allah Alone).) "Allah has excluded t he women of t he People of t he Script ure.'' This is also t he explanat ion of Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Makhul, Al-Hasan, Ad-Dahhak, Zayd bin Aslam and ArRabi` bin Anas and ot hers. Some scholars said t hat t he Ayah is exclusively t alking about idol worshippers and not t he People of t he Script ure, and t his meaning is similar t o t he first meaning we ment ioned. Allah knows best . Abu Ja` far bin Jarir (At -Tabari) said, aft er ment ioning t hat t here is Ij ma` t hat marrying women from t he People of t he Script ure is allowed, "` Umar disliked t his pract ice so t hat t he Muslims do not refrain from marrying Muslim women, or for similar reasons.'' An aut hent ic chain of narrat ors st at ed t hat Shaqiq said: Once Hudhayfah married a Jewish woman and ` Umar wrot e t o him, "Divorce her.'' He wrot e back, "Do you claim t hat she is not allowed for me so t hat I divorce her'' He said, "No. But , I fear t hat you might marry t he whores from among t hem.'' Ibn Jarir relat ed t hat Zayd bin Wahb said t hat ` Umar bin Khat t ab said, "The Muslim man marries t he Christ ian woman, but t he Christ ian man does not marry t he Muslim woman.'' This Hadit h has a st ronger, aut hent ic chain of narrat ors t han t he previous Hadit h. Ibn Abu Hat im said t hat Ibn ` Umar disliked marrying t he women from t he People of t he Script ure. He relied on his own explanat ion for t he Ayah:

びｚリョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥エム͡ ∇レゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And do not marry Al-Mushrikat (female idolat ors) t ill t hey believe (worship Allah Alone).)

Al-Bukhari also report ed t hat Ibn ` Umar said, "I do not know of a bigger Shirk t han her saying t hat Jesus is her Lord!'' Allah said:

び∇ユム⊥ ∇わら∠ イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ る∃ ミ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼョぁ リあョ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ る∀ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ る∀ ョ∠ Ε ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed a slave woman who believes is bet t er t han a (free) Mushrikah (female idolat ors), even t hough she pleases you.) It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat t he Prophet said:

ゅ∠ヰャ͡ゅ∠ヨイ ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰら͡ ジ ∠エ ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ͡ゅ∠ヨャ͡ :ノ∃ よ∠ ∇ケほ∠ャ͡ り⊥ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ウ ⊥ ム∠ ⇒∇レゎ⊥ » «ポや∠ギΑ∠ ∇ろよ∠ ゲ͡ ゎ∠ ∩͡リΑあギャや れ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ∇ゲヘ∠ ∇ニゅ∠プ ∩ゅ∠ヰレ͡ Α͡ギャ͡ヱ∠ (A woman is chosen for marriage for four reasons: her wealt h, social st at us, beaut y, and religion. So, marry t he religious woman, may your hands be filled wit h sand (a st at ement of encouragement ).) Muslim report ed t his Hadit h from Jabir. Muslim also report ed t hat Ibn ` Amr said t hat Allah's Messenger said:

り⊥ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ネ ͡ ゅ∠わョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀ネゅ∠わョ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや» «る∠エ͡ャゅｚダャや (The life of t his world is but a delight , and t he best of t he delight s of t his eart hly life is t he right eous wife.) Allah t hen said:

び∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ゼ ͡ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥エム͡ レ⊥ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And give not (your daught ers) in marriage t o Al-Mushrikin t ill t hey believe (in Allah Alone).) meaning, do not marry Mushrik men t o believing women. This st at ement is similar t o Allah's st at ement :

びｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁヤエ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ モ ｘェ ͡ ｚリワ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (They are not lawful (wives) for t hem, nor are t hey lawful (husbands) for t hem.) (60:10)

Next , Allah said:

び∇ユム⊥ ら∠ イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ポ ∃ ゲ͡ ∇ゼョぁ リあョ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョぁ ギ∀ ∇らバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (. ..and verily, a believing servant is bet t er t han a (free) Mushrik (idolat or), even t hough he pleases you.) This Ayah indicat es t hat a believing man, even an Abyssinian servant , is bet t er t han a Mushrik man, even if he was a rich mast er.

びケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (Those (Al-Mushrikun) invit e you t o t he Fire) meaning, associat ing and mingling wit h t he disbelievers makes one love t his life and prefer it over t he Hereaft er, leading t o t he severest repercussions. Allah said:

びヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (...but Allah invit es (you) t o Paradise and forgiveness by His leave) meaning, by His Law, commandment s and prohibit ions. Allah said:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αへ リ ⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (...and makes His Ayat clear t o mankind t hat t hey may remember.)

∇やヲ⊥ャゴ͡ わ∠ ∇ハゅ∠プ ン⇔ク∠ぺ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ヂ ͡ Β͡エヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Α∠ヱぴ ラ ∠ ∇ゲヰ⊥ ∇トΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヂ ͡ Β͡エヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ￢∠ べ∠ジレあ ャや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ゲヰｚ ト ∠ ゎ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ジル͡ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヰあ ト ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ぁ エ ͡ Α⊥ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡よヲ∠ わｚ ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ョギあ ∠ホ∠ヱ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ヴｚルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ を∠ ∇ゲェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゐ∇ゲ∠ェ ゲ͡ ゼ あ よ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ボ⇒∠ヤぁョ ユ⊥ムルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル６Ι びリ ∠ Βレ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや

(222. They ask you concerning menst ruat ion. Say: "That is an Adha, t herefore, keep away from women during menses and go not in unt o t hem t ill t hey are purified.'' And when t hey have purified t hemselves, t hen go in unt o t hem as Allah has ordained for you. Truly, Allah loves t hose who t urn unt o Him in repent ance and loves t hose who purify t hemselves.) (223. Your wives are a t ilt h for you, so go t o your t ilt h, when or how you will, and send (good deeds, or ask Allah t o best ow upon you pious offspring) for your own selves beforehand. And fear Allah, and know t hat you are t o meet Him (in t he Hereaft er), and give good t idings t o t he believers (O Muhammad ).)

Sexual Intercourse with Menstruating Women is prohibited Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas said t hat t he Jews used t o avoid t heir menst ruat ing women, t hey would not eat , or even mingle wit h t hem in t he house. The Companions of t he Prophet asked about t his mat t er and Allah revealed:

∇やヲ⊥ャゴ͡ わ∠ ∇ハゅ∠プ ン⇔ク∠ぺ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ヂ ͡ Β͡エヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Α∠ヱぴ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヂ ͡ Β͡エヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶプ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ジレあ ャや びラ ∠ ∇ゲヰ⊥ ∇トΑ∠ (They ask you concerning menst ruat ion. Say: "That is an Adha, t herefore, keep away from women during menses and go not in unt o t hem t ill t hey are purified.) Allah's Messenger said:

«ゥゅ∠ムレあ ャや ゅｚャま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ やヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇タや» (` Do everyt hing you wish, except having sexual int ercourse.) When t he Jews were t old about t he Prophet 's st at ement , t hey said, "What is t he mat t er wit h t his man He would not hear of any of our pract ices, but would defy it .'' Then, Usayd bin Hudayr and ` Abbad bin Bishr came and said, "O Messenger of Allah! The Jews said t his and t hat , should we have sex wit h our women (meaning, during t he menst ruat ion period)'' The face of Allah's Messenger changed color, unt il t he Companions t hought t hat he was angry wit h t hem. They left . Soon aft er, some milk was brought t o Allah's Messenger as a gift , and he sent some of it for t hem t o drink. They knew t hen t hat Allah's Messenger was not angry wit h t hem. Muslim also report ed t his Hadit h. Allah said:

びヂ ͡ Β͡エヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ￢∠ べ∠ジレあ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゴ͡ わ∠ ∇ハゅ∠プぴ (. ..t herefore, keep away from women during menses.) meaning, avoid t he sexual organ. The Prophet said:

«ゥゅ∠ムレあ ャや ゅｚャま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ やヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇タや» (Do anyt hing you wish except having sexual int ercourse.) This is why most of t he scholars said t hat it is allowed t o fondle t he wife, except for having sexual int ercourse (when she is having her menses). Abu Dawud report ed t hat ` Ikrimah relat ed t o one of t he Prophet 's wives t hat she said t hat whenever t he Prophet want ed t o fondle (one of his wives) during her menses, he would cover her sexual organ wit h somet hing. Abu Ja` far bin Jarir relat ed t hat Masruq went t o ` A'ishah and greet ed her, and ` A'ishah greet ed him in ret urn. Masruq said, "I wish t o ask you about a mat t er, but I am shy.'' She replied, "I am your mot her and you are my son.'' He said, "What can t he man enj oy of his wife when she is having her menses'' She said, "Everyt hing except her sexual organ.'' This is also t he opinion of Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan and ` Ikrimah. One is allowed t o sleep next t o his wife and t o eat wit h her (when she is having her menses). ` A'ishah said, "Allah's Messenger used t o ask me t o wash his hair while I was having t he menses. He would lay on my lap and read t he Qur'an while I was having t he period.'' It is also report ed in t he Sahih t hat ` A'ishah said, "While having t he menses, I used t o eat from a piece of meat and give it t o t he Prophet who would eat from t he same place I at e from. I used t o have sips of a drink and would t hen give t he cup t o t he Prophet who would place his mout h where I placed my mout h.'' It is also report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat Maymunah bint Al-Harit h Al-Hilaliyah said, "Whenever t he Prophet want ed t o fondle any of his wives during t he periods (menses), he used t o ask her t o wear an Izar (a sheet covering t he lower-half of t he body).'' These are t he wordings collect ed by Al-Bukhari. Similar was report ed from ` A'ishah. In addit ion, Imam Ahmad, Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah report ed t hat ` Abdullah bin Sa` d Al-Ansari asked Allah's Messenger , "What am I allowed of my wife while she is having her menses'' He said, "What is above t he Izar (a sheet covering t he lower-half of t he body).'' Hence, Allah's st at ement : h

びラ ∠ ∇ゲヰ⊥ ∇トΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (...and go not in unt o t hem t ill t hey are purified.) explains His st at ement :

びヂ ͡ Β͡エヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ￢∠ べ∠ジレあ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゴ͡ わ∠ ∇ハゅ∠プぴ (...t herefore, keep away from women during menses.) Allah prohibit ed having sexual int ercourse wit h t he wife during menst ruat ion, indicat ing t hat sexual int ercourse is allowed ot herwise. Allah's st at ement :

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ゲヰｚ ト ∠ ゎ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ

(And when t hey have purified t hemselves, t hen go in unt o t hem as Allah has ordained for you.) indicat es t hat men should have sexual int ercourse wit h t heir wives aft er t hey t ake a bat h. The scholars agree t hat t he woman is obliged t o t ake a bat h, or t o perform Tayammum wit h sand, if she is unable t o use wat er, before she is allowed t o have sexual int ercourse wit h her husband, aft er t he mont hly period ends. Ibn ` Abbas said:

びラ ∠ ∇ゲヰ⊥ ∇トΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ "(t ill t hey are purified) means from blood, and,

びラ ∠ ∇ゲヰｚ ト ∠ ゎ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (And when t hey have purified t hemselves) means wit h wat er.'' This is also t he Tafsir of Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Muqat il bin Hayyan and Al-Layt h bin Sa` d and ot hers.

Anal Sex is prohibited Allah said:

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぴ (...as Allah has ordained for you.) t his refers t o Al-Farj (t he vagina), as Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and ot her scholars have st at ed. Therefore, anal sex is prohibit ed, as we will furt her emphasize aft erwards, Allah willing. Abu Razin, ` Ikrimah and Ad-Dahhak and ot hers said t hat :

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ぴ (...t hen go in unt o t hem as Allah has ordained for you.) means when t hey are pure, and not during t he menses. Allah said aft erwards:

びリ ∠ Β͡よヲ∠ わｚ ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, Allah loves t hose who t urn unt o Him in repent ance) from t he sin even if it was repeat ed,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヰあ ト ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ぁ エ ͡ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and loves t hose who purify t hemselves.) meaning, t hose who purify t hemselves from t he impurit y and t he filt h t hat include having sexual int ercourse wit h t he wife during t he menses and anal sex.

The Reason behind revealing Allah's Statement: "Your Wives are a Tilth for You. Allah said:

び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゐ∇ゲ∠ェ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ジル͡ ぴ (Your wives are a t ilt h for you,) Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "Meaning t he place of pregnancy.'' Allah t hen said:

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ヴｚルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ を∠ ∇ゲェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ぴ (...so go t o your t ilt h, when or how you will,) meaning, wherever you wish from t he front or from behind, as long as sex t akes place in one valve (t he female sexual organ), as t he aut hent ic Hadit hs have indicat ed. For inst ance, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn Al-Munkadir said t hat he heard Jabir say t hat t he Jews used t o claim t hat if one has sex wit h his wife from behind (in t he vagina) t he offspring would become cross-eyed. Then, t his Ayah was revealed:

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ヴｚルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ を∠ ∇ゲェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゐ∇ゲ∠ェ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ジル͡ ぴ (Your wives are a t ilt h for you, so go t o your t ilt h, when or how you will,) Muslim and Abu Dawud also report ed t his Hadit h. Ibn Abu Hat im said t hat Muhammad bin Al-Munkadir narrat ed t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah t old him t hat t he Jews claimed t o t he Muslims t hat if one has sex wit h t heir wife from behind (in t he vagina) t heir offspring will become cross-eyed. Allah revealed aft erwards:

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ヴｚルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ を∠ ∇ゲェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゐ∇ゲ∠ェ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ジル͡ ぴ (Your wives are a t ilt h for you, so go t o your t ilt h, when or how you will,) Ibn Jurayj (one of t he report ers of t he Hadit h) said t hat Allah's Messenger said:

«ァ∇ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ラゅ∠ミ や∠クま͡ り⇔ ゲ∠ よ͡ ∇ギョ⊥ ヱ る⇔ ヤ∠ら͡ ∇ボョ⊥ » (From t he front or from behind, as long as t hat occurs in t he Farj (vagina).) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Ayah,

び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゐ∇ゲ∠ェ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ジル͡ ぴ (Your wives are a t ilt h for you) was revealed about some people from t he Ansar who came t o t he Prophet and asked him (about having sex wit h t he wife from behind). He said t o t hem:

«ァ∇ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や∠クま͡ メ ∃ ゅ∠ェ あモミ⊥ ヴヤ∠ハ ゅ∠ヰわ͡ ∇もや» (Have sex wit h her as you like as long as t hat occurs in t he vagina.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Sabit said: I went t o Hafsah bint ` Abdur-Rahman bin Abu Bakr and said, "I wish t o ask you about somet hing, but I am shy.'' She said, "Do not be shy, O my nephew.'' He said, "About having sex from behind wit h women.'' She said, "Umm Salamah t old me t hat t he Ansar used t o refrain from having sex from behind (in t he vagina). The Jews claimed t hat t hose who have sex wit h t heir women from behind would have offspring wit h crossed-eyes. When t he Muhaj irun came t o Al-Madinah, t hey married Ansar women and had sex wit h t hem from behind. One of t hese women would not obey her husband and said, ` You will not do t hat unt il I go t o Allah's Messenger (and ask him about t his mat t er). ' She went t o Umm Salamah and t old her t he st ory. Umm Salamah said, ` Wait unt il Allah's Messenger comes.' When Allah's Messenger came, t he Ansari woman was shy t o ask him about t his mat t er, so she left . Umm Salamah t old Allah's Messenger t he st ory and he said:

«る⇒ｚΑケ͡ ゅ∠ダ∇ルほ∠∇ャや ヶ͡ハ∇キや» (Summon t he Ansari woman.)'' She was summoned and he recit ed t his Ayah t o her:

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ヴｚルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ を∠ ∇ゲェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゐ∇ゲ∠ェ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ジル͡ ぴ (Your wives are a t ilt h for you, so go t o your t ilt h, when or how you will.) He added:

«や⇔ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ヨタ ͡ » (Only in one valve (t he vagina).)''

This Hadit h was also collect ed by At -Tirmidhi who said, "Hasan.'' An-Nasa'i report ed t hat Ka` b bin ` Alqamah said t hat Abu An-Nadr said t hat he asked Nafi` , "The people are repeat ing t he st at ement t hat you relat e from Ibn ` Umar t hat he allowed sex wit h women in t heir rear (anus).'' He said, "They have said a lie about me. But let me t ell you what really happened. Ibn ` Umar was once recit ing t he Qur'an while I was wit h him and he reached t he Ayah:

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ヴｚルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ を∠ ∇ゲェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゐ∇ゲ∠ェ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ジル͡ ぴ (Your wives are a t ilt h for you, so go t o your t ilt h, when or how you will,) He t hen said, ` O Nafi` ! Do you know t he st ory behind t his Ayah' I said, ` No.' He said, ` We, t he people of Quraysh, used t o have sexual int ercourse wit h our wives from t he back (in t he vagina). When we migrat ed t o Al-Madinah and married some Ansari women, we want ed t o do t he same wit h t hem. They disliked it and made a big issue out of it . The Ansari women had followed t he pract ice of t he Jews who have sex wit h t heir women while t hey lay on t heir sides. Then, Allah revealed:

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ヴｚルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ を∠ ∇ゲェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゐ∇ゲ∠ェ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ジル͡ ぴ (Your wives are a t ilt h for you, so go t o your t ilt h, when or how you will,)'' This has an aut hent ic chain of narrat ors. Imam Ahmad report ed t hat Khuzaymah bin Thabit Al-Khat ami narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said:

￢∠ ゅ∠ジレあ ャや やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ヶ͡Β∇エわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «リ͡ワコ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ハぺ∠ ヶ͡プ (Allah does not shy from t he t rut h - he said it t hrice-, do not have anal sex wit h women.) This Hadit h was collect ed by An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah. Abu ` Isa At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said:

ヶ͡プ り⇔ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヴャ͡ま ぶ ⊥ や ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ゲ⊥よギぁ ャや (Allah does not look at a man who had anal sex wit h anot her man or a woman.)

At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib.'' This is also t he narrat ion t hat Ibn Hibban collect ed in his Sahih, while Ibn Hazm st at ed t hat t his is an aut hent ic Hadit h. In addit ion, Imam Ahmad report ed t hat ` Ali bin Talaq said, "Allah's Messenger forbade anal sex wit h women, for Allah does not shy away from t rut h.'' Abu ` Isa At -Tirmidhi also report ed t his Hadit h and said, "Hasan''. Abu Muhammad ` Abdullah bin ` Abdur-Rahman Darimi report ed in his Musnad t hat Sa` id bin Yasar Abu Hubab said: I said t o Ibn ` Umar, "What do you say about having sex wit h women in t he rear'' He said, "What does it mean'' I said, "Anal sex.'' He said, "Does a Muslim do t hat '' This Hadit h has an aut hent ic chain of narrat ors and is an explicit rej ect ion of anal sex from Ibn ` Umar. Abu Bakr bin Ziyad Naysaburi report ed t hat Isma` il bin Ruh said t hat he asked Malik bin Anas, "What do you say about having sex wit h women in t he anus'' He said, "You are not an Arab Does sex occur but in t he place of pregnancy Do it only in t he Farj (vagina).'' I said, "O Abu ` Abdullah! They say t hat you allow t hat pract ice.'' He said, "They ut t er a lie about me, t hey lie about me.'' This is Malik's firm st ance on t his subj ect . It is also t he view of Sa` id bin Musayyib, Abu Salamah, ` Ikrimah, Tawus, ` At a , Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Urwah bin Az-Zubayr, Muj ahid bin Jabr, Al-Hasan and ot her scholars of t he Salaf (t he Companions and t he following t wo generat ions aft er t hem). They all, along wit h t he maj orit y of t he scholars, harshly rebuked t he pract ice of anal sex and many of t hem called t his pract ice a Kufr. Allah said:

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル６Ι ∇やヲ⊥ョギあ ∠ホ∠ヱぴ (. ..and send for your own selves beforehand.) meaning, by performing t he act s of worship while refraining from what ever Allah has prohibit ed for you. This is why Allah said aft erwards:

びロ⊥ ヲ⊥ボ⇒∠ヤぁョ ユ⊥ムルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And fear Allah, and know t hat you are t o meet Him (in t he Hereaft er),) meaning, He will hold you account able for all of your deeds,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ゼ あ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (...and give good t idings t o t he believers (O Muhammad ).) meaning, t hose who obey what Allah has commanded and refrain from what He has prohibit ed. Ibn Jarir report ed t hat ` At a' said, or relat ed it t o Ibn ` Abbas,

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル６Ι ∇やヲ⊥ョギあ ∠ホ∠ヱぴ

(...and send for your own selves beforehand.) means, ment ion Allah's Name, by saying, ` Bismillah', before having sexual int ercourse.'' Al-Bukhari also report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said:

ユ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ヶ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠» ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ょ ͡ レあ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇らレあ ィ ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩͡ぶや ∇ユャ∠ ∩∠マャ͡ク ヶ͡プ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ケギｚ ボ∠ Α⊥ ∇ラま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルみ∠プ ∩ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ «や⇔ギ∠よ∠ぺ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ロ⊥ ｚゲツ ⊥ Α∠ (If anyone of you on having sexual relat ions wit h his wife said: ` In t he Name of Allah. O Allah! Prot ect us from Sat an and also prot ect what you best ow upon us (i.e., t he coming offspring) from Sat an,' and if it is dest ined t hat t hey should have a child t hen, Sat an will never be able t o harm him.)

∇やヱぁゲら∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ΑΙ ６ る⇔ ッ ∠ ∇ゲハ ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ - ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ダゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ヲ͡ ∇ピヤｚャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ グ⊥ カ ͡ や∠ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ェ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ミグ⊥ カ ͡ や∠ぽΑ⊥ (224. And make not Allah's (Name) an excuse in your oat hs against doing good and act ing piously, and making peace among mankind. And Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower (i.e., do not swear much and if you have sworn against doing somet hing good t hen give an expiat ion for t he oat h and do good).) (225. Allah will not call you t o account for t hat which is unint ent ional in your oat hs, but He will call you t o account for t hat which your heart s have earned. And Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most -Forbearing.)

The Prohibition of swearing to abandon a Good Deed Allah commands, ` You should not implement your vows in Allah's Name t o refrain from pious act s and severing t he relat ions wit h t he relat ives, if you swear t o abandon such causes.' Allah said in anot her Ayah:

∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ る͡ バ∠ ジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ モ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ モ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴプ͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲイ ͡ ⇒∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ム⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エヘ∠ ∇ダΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇バΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ (And let not t hose among you who are blessed wit h graces and wealt h swear not t o give (any sort of help) t o t heir kinsmen, Al-Masakin (t he poor), and t hose who left t heir homes for Allah's cause. Let t hem pardon and forgive. Do you not love t hat Allah should forgive you) (24:22) Cont inuit y in a sinful vow is more sinful t han breaking it by expiat ion. Allah's Messenger said:

ギ∇レハ ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ユ⊥ を∠ へ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ レ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ア ｚ ヤ∠Α∠ ∇ラほ∠ャ∠ ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ» ぶ ⊥ や チ ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇プや ヶ͡わャｚや ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヘミ∠ ヶ ∠ト ͡ ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぶ ͡ や «ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (By Allah! It is more sinful t o Allah t hat one of you implement s his vow regarding (severing t he relat ions wit h) his relat ives t han (breaking his promise and) paying t he Kaffarah t hat Allah has required in such cases.) This is how Muslim report ed t his Hadit h and also Imam Ahmad. ` Ali bin Abu Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat what Allah said:

び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ΑΙ ６ る⇔ ッ ∠ ∇ゲハ ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And make not Allah's (Name) an excuse in your oat hs) means, "Do not vow t o refrain from doing good works. (If you make such vow t hen) break it , pay t he Kaffarah and do t he good work.'' This was also said by Masruq, Ash-Sha` bi, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Muj ahid, Tawus, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` At a', ` Ikrimah, Makhul, Az-Zuhri, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Muqat il bin Hayyan, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Ad-Dahhak, ` At a' Al-Khurasani and As-Suddi. Suport ing t his view, which is t he maj orit y view, is what is report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said: .

リ ∃ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ブ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ェぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩⊥ぶや ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ∇ラま͡ ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ ヶあルま͡» ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚや ろ ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ン∠ケほ∠プ∠ «ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ ∇ヤヤｚエ ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ (By Allah! Allah willing, I will not vow t o do a t hing and t hen see a bet t er act , but I would do what is bet t er and break my vow.) Muslim report ed t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat Allah's Messenger said:

ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ン∠ぺゲ∠ プ∠ リ ∃ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ブ ∠ ヤ∠ェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚや モ ͡ バ∠ ∇ヘΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ∩͡ヮレ͡ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ゲヘあ ム∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ (Whoever makes a vow and t hen finds what is bet t er t han his vow (should break his vow,) pay t he Kaffarah and perform t he bet t er deed.)

The Laghw (Unintentional) Vows Allah said:

び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ヲ͡ ∇ピヤｚャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ グ⊥ カ ͡ や∠ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚぴ (Allah will not call you t o account for t hat which is unint ent ional in your oat hs,) This Ayah means, ` Allah does not punish or hold you account able for t he Laghw (unint ent ional) vows t hat you make.' The Laghw vows are unint ent ional and are j ust like t he habit ual st at ement s t hat t he t ongue repeat s, wit hout really int ending t hem. For inst ance, it is report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said:

∇モボ⊥ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∩ンｚゴバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ れ ͡ ゅｚヤャゅ͡よ ヮ͡ ヘ͡ ヤ͡ェ ∠ ヶ͡プ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ブ ∠ ヤ∠ェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ぶや ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ (Whoever swore and (unint ent ionally) ment ioned Al-Lat and Al-` Uzza (t wo idols) in his vow, should t hen say, ` There is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah'.) The Messenger said t his st at ement t o some new Muslims whose t ongues were, before Islam, used t o vowing by t heir idol Al-Lat . Therefore, t he Prophet ordered t hem t o int ent ionally recit e t he slogan of Ikhlas, j ust as t hey ment ioned t hese words by mist ake, so t hat it (t he word of Ikhlas) may eradicat e t he word (of Shirk). This is why Allah said:

び∇ユム⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ミグ⊥ カ ͡ や∠ぽΑ⊥ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (...but He will call you t o account for t hat which your heart s have earned.) and in anot her Ayah:

びリ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇ΑΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ぁゎギｚボハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ぴ (...for your deliberat e oat hs) (5:89) Abu Dawud report ed under Chapt er: ` The Laghw Vows' t hat ` At a' said t hat ` A'ishah said t hat Allah's Messenger said:

ゅｚヤミ∠ :ヮ͡ わ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ヶ͡プ モ ͡ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤミ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ リ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ヲ⊥ ∇ピヤｚャや» «ぶや∠ヱ ヴ∠ヤ∠よ∠ヱ ∩͡ぶや∠ヱ (The Laghw in t he vows includes what t he man says in his house, such as, ` No, by Allah,' and, ` Yes, by Allah'.) Ibn Abu Hat im report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Laghw vow includes vowing while angry.'' He also report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Laghw vow includes vowing t o prohibit what Allah has allowed, and t his t ype does not require a Kaffarah (expiat ion).'' Similar was said by Sa` id bin Jubayr. In addit ion, Abu Dawud relat ed under Chapt er: ` Vowing while Angry' t hat Sa` id bin Musayyib said t hat t wo Ansari brot hers bot h received inherit ance and one of t hem asked t hat t he inherit ance be divided. His brot her said, "If you ask me about dividing t he inherit ance again, t hen all of what I have will be spent on t he Ka` bah's door.'' ` Umar said t o him, "The Ka` bah does not need your money. So break your vow, pay t he Kaffarah and come t o t erms wit h your brot her. I heard Allah's Messenger saying:

ゴｚ ハ ∠ ゆ あ ゲｚ ャや る͡ Β∠ ダ ͡ ∇バョ∠ ヶ͡プ ケ∠ ∇グル∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «マ͡ヤ∇ヨゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プヱ∠ ∩͡ユェ ͡ ゲｚ ャや る͡ バ∠ Β͡トホ∠ ヶ͡プヱ∠ ∩ｚモィ ∠ ヱ∠ (Do not make a vow against yourself, nor t o disobey t he Lord, cut t he relat ions of t he womb or dispose of what you do not own.)'' Allah said:

び∇ユム⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ミグ⊥ カ ͡ や∠ぽΑ⊥ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (. ..but He will call you t o account for t hat which your heart s have earned,) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and several ot hers said t hat t his Ayah means swearing about a mat t er while knowing t hat he is lying. Muj ahid and ot hers said t his Ayah is similar t o what Allah said:

びリ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇ΑΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ぁゎギｚボハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ミグ⊥ カ ͡ や∠ぽΑ⊥ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (...but He will punish you for your deliberat e oat hs.) (5:89) Allah said (2:225 above):

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ェ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most -Forbearing.) meaning, He is Oft -Forgiving t o His servant s and Most Forbearing wit h t hem.

ゲ∃ ヰ⊥ ∇セぺ∠ る͡ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ゾ ⊥ よぁ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ジルあ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあぴ ∇やヲ⊥ョゴ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ やヱ⊥￢べ∠プ ラ͡みプ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠ヤト ｚ ャや (226. Those who t ake an oat h not t o have sexual relat ion wit h t heir wives must wait for four mont hs, t hen if t hey ret urn, verily, Allah is Of t -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (227. And if t hey decide upon divorce, t hen Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower.)

The Ila' and its Rulings Ila' is a t ype of vow where a man swears not t o sleep wit h his wife for a cert ain period, whet her less or more t han four mont hs. If t he vow of Ila' was for less t han four mont hs, t he man has t o wait for t he vow's period t o end and t hen is allowed t o have sexual int ercourse wit h his wife. She has t o be pat ient and she cannot ask her husband, in t his case, t o end his vow before t he end of it s t erm. It is report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat ` A'ishah said t hat Allah's Messenger swore he would st ay away from wit h his wives for a mont h. He t hen came down aft er t went y-nine days saying:

«ラヱ⊥ゲ∇ゼハ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ノ∇ジ͡ゎ ゲ⊥ ∇ヰｚゼャや»

(The (lunar) mont h is t went y-nine days.) Similar was narrat ed by ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab and report ed in t he Two Sahihs. If t he period of Ila' is for more t han four mont hs, t he wife is allowed in t his case t o ask her husband, upon t he end of t he four mont hs, t o end t he Ila' and have sexual relat ions wit h her. Ot herwise, he should divorce her, by being forced t o do so by t he aut horit ies if necessary, so t hat t he wife is not harmed. Allah said:

び∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ジルあ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあぴ (Those who t ake an oat h not t o have sexual relat ions wit h t heir wives) meaning, swear not t o have sexual relat ions wit h t he wife. This Ayah indicat es t hat t he Ila' involves t he wife and not a slave-women, as t he maj orit y of t he scholars have agreed,

びゲ∃ ヰ⊥ ∇セぺ∠ る͡ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ゾ ⊥ よぁ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ぴ (...must wait for four mont hs,) meaning, t he husband wait s for four mont hs from t he t ime of t he vow and t hen ends t he Ila' (if t he vow was for four or more mont hs) and is required t o eit her ret urn t o his wife or divorce her. This is why Allah said next :

びやヱ⊥￢べ∠プ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (...t hen if t hey ret urn,) meaning, t o a normal relat ionship, having sexual int ercourse wit h t he wife. This is t he Tafsir of Ibn ` Abbas, Masruq, Ash-Sha` bi, Sa` id bin Jubayr and Ibn Jarir.

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (...verily, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) wit h any short comings t hat occurred in t he right s of t he wife because of t he vow of Ila'. Allah said:

び∠ペ⇒∠ヤト ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ョゴ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And if t hey decide upon divorce,) indicat ing t hat divorce does not occur by merely passing t he four mont h mark (during t he Ila'). Malik report ed from Nafi` t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said, "If t he man swears t o Ila' from his wife, t hen divorce does not occur aut omat ically even aft er t he four mont hs have passed. When he st ops at t he four mont hs mark, he should eit her divorce or ret urn.'' Al-Bukhari also report ed t his Hadit h. Ibn Jarir report ed t hat Suhayl bin Abu Salih said t hat his fat her said, "I asked t welve Companions about t he man who does Ila' wit h his wife. They all st at ed t hat he does not have t o do anyt hing unt il t he four mont hs have passed and t hen has t o eit her ret ain or divorce her.'' Ad-Daraqut ni also report ed t his from Suhayl.

It is also report ed from ` Umar, ` Ut hman, ` Ali, Abu Ad-Darda', ` A'ishah, Ibn ` Umar and Ibn ` Abbas. This is also t he opinion of Sa` id bin Musayyib, ` Umar bin ` Abdul-` Aziz, Muj ahid, Tawus, Muhammad bin Ka` b and Al-Qasim.

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ￢∃ ヱ⊥ゲホ⊥ る∠ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルほ∠よ͡ リ ∠ ∇ダよｚ ゲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ボヤｚト ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ョ͡ ゅ∠ェ∇ケぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ ペ ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ わ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥バよ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ｚリョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ｚリミ⊥ ラ͡ま モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔エ⇒∠ヤ∇タま͡ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠ケぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヶ͡プ リ ｚ ワ͡ キあ ゲ∠ よ͡ る∀ ィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ィゲあ ヤ͡ャヱ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ン͡グャｚや び ∀ユΒ⊥ムェ ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (228. And divorced women shall wait (as regards t heir marriage) for t hree menst rual periods, and it is not lawful for t hem t o conceal what Allah has creat ed in t heir wombs, if t hey believe in Allah and t he Last Day. And t heir husbands have t he bet t er right t o t ake t hem back in t hat period, if t hey wish for reconciliat ion. And t hey (women) have right s (over t heir husbands as regards living expenses) similar (t o t hose of t heir husbands) over t hem (as regards obedience and respect ) t o what is reasonable, but men have a degree (of responsibilit y) over t hem. And Allah is All-Might y, All-Wise.)

The ` Iddah (Waiting Period) of the Divorced Woman This Ayah cont ains a command from Allah t hat t he divorced woman, whose marriage was consummat ed and who st ill has menst ruat ion periods, should wait for t hree (menst rual) periods (Quru') aft er t he divorce and t hen remarry if she wishes.

The Meaning of Al-Quru Ibn Jarir relat ed t hat ` Alqamah said: We were wit h ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab when a woman came and said, "My husband divorced me one or t wo periods ago. He t hen came back t o me while I had prepared my wat er for t aking a bat h , t ook off my clot hes and closed my door.'' ` Umar asked ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud, "What do you t hink'' He said, "I t hink t hat she is st ill his wife, as long as she is not allowed t o resume praying (i.e., unt il t he t hird period ends before he t akes her back).'' ` Umar said, "This is my opinion t oo.'' This is also t he opinion of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, ` Umar, ` Ut hman, ` Ali, Abu Ad-Darda', ` Ubadah bin As-Samit , Anas bin Malik, Ibn Mas` ud, Mu` adh, Ubayy bin Ka` b, Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari and Ibn ` Abbas. Furt hermore, t his is t he opinion of Sa` id bin Musayyib, ` Alqamah, Aswad, Ibrahim, Muj ahid, ` At a', Tawus, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Ikrimah, Muhammad bin Sirin, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Ash-Sha` bi, Ar-Rabi` , Muqat il bin Hayyan,

As-Suddi, Makhul, Ad-Dahhak and ` At a' Al-Khurasani. They all st at ed t hat t he Quru' is t he menst ruat ion period. What t est ifies t o t his is t he Hadit h t hat Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i report ed t hat Fat imah bint Abu Hubaiysh said t hat Allah's Messenger said t o her:

«マ͡もや∠ゲ∇ホぺ∠ ュ∠ ゅｚΑぺ∠ り∠ Κ ∠ダ ｚ ャや ヶ͡ハキ∠ » (Do not pray during your Aqra' (pl. for Quru', t he menst ruat ion period).) If t his Hadit h was aut hent ic, it would have been a clear proof t hat t he Quru' is t he menst ruat ion period. However, one of t he narrat ors of t his Hadit h, Al-Mundhir, is an unknown person (in Hadit h t erminology), as Abu Hat im has st at ed, alt hough Ibn Hibban has ment ioned Al-Mundhir in his book At h-Thiqat .

A Woman's Statement about Menses and Purity is to be accepted Allah said:

ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ｚ ヰ͡ ョ͡ ゅ∠ェ∇ケぺ∠ (...and it is not lawful for t hem t o conceal what Allah has creat ed in t heir wombs,) meaning, of pregnancy or menst ruat ion periods. This is t he Tafsir of Ibn ` Abbas, Ibn ` Umar, Muj ahid, AshSha` bi, Al-Hakam bin ` Ut aybah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Ad-Dahhak and ot hers. Allah t hen said:

びゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ｚリョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ｚリミ⊥ ラ͡まぴ (...if t hey believe in Allah and t he Last Day.) This Ayah warns women against hiding t he t rut h (if t hey were pregnant or on t heir menses), indicat ing t hat t hey are t he aut horit y in such mat t ers as t hey alone know such fact s about t hemselves. Since verifying such mat t ers is difficult , Allah left t his decision wit h t hem. Yet , women were warned not t o hide t he t rut h in case t hey wish t o end t he ` Iddah sooner, or lat er, according t o t heir desires. Women were t hus commanded t o say t he t rut h (if t hey were pregnant or on t heir menses), no more and no less.

The Husband has the Right to take back his Divorced Wife during the ` Iddah (Waiting Period) Allah said:

∇やヱ⊥キや∠ケぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヶ͡プ リ ｚ ワ͡ キあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ペ ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ わ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥バよ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔エ⇒∠ヤ∇タま͡ (And t heir husbands have t he bet t er right t o t ake t hem back in t hat period, if t hey wish for reconciliat ion.) Hence, t he husband who divorces his wife can t ake her back, providing she is st ill in her ` Iddah (t ime spent before a divorced woman or a widow can remarry) and t hat his aim, by t aking her back, is right eous and for t he purpose of bringing t hings back t o normal. However, t his ruling applies where t he husband is eligible t o t ake his divorced wife back. We should ment ion t hat (when t his Ayah 2:228 was revealed), t he ruling t hat made t he divorce t hrice and specified when t he husband is ineligible t o t ake his divorced wife back, had not been revealed yet . Previously, t he man used t o divorce his wife and t hen t ake her back even if he had divorced her a hundred separat e t imes. Thereaft er, Allah revealed t he following Ayah (2:229) t hat made t he divorce only t hrice. So t here was now a reversible divorce and an irreversible final divorce.

The Rights the Spouses have over Each Other Allah said:

びフ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ン͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey (women) have right s (over t heir husbands as regards living expenses) similar (t o t hose of t heir husbands) over t hem (as regards obedience and respect ) t o what is reasonable,) This Ayah indicat es t hat t he wife has cert ain right s on her husband, j ust as he has cert ain right s on her, and each is obliged t o give t he ot her spouse his due right s. Muslim report ed t hat Jabir said t hat Allah's Messenger said:

る͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ョほ∠よ͡ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ジレあ ャや ヶ͡プ ぶ ∠ や やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ» リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶや る͡ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ｚリヰ⊥ ィ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲプ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤヤ∠∇エわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ∩͡ぶや リ ∠ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∠ルヲ⊥ワ∠ゲ∇ム∠ゎ や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ セ ∠ ゲ⊥ プ⊥ リ ∠ ∇ゃデ ͡ ヲ⊥Α ゅャ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∃ゥゲあ ら∠ ョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔よ∇ゲッ ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ッゅ∠プ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ «フヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ジミ͡ ヱ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇コケ͡

a(Fear Allah regarding your women, for you have t aken t hem by Allah's covenant and were allowed t o enj oy wit h t hem sexually by Allah's Words. You have t he right on t hem t hat t hey do not allow anyone you dislike t o sit on your mat . If t hey do t hat , t hen discipline t hem lenient ly. They have t he right t o be spent on and t o be bought clot hes in what is reasonable.) Bahz bin Hakim said t hat Mu` awiyah bin Haydah Al-Qushayri relat ed t hat his grandfat her said, "O Messenger of Allah! What is t he right t he wife of one of us has'' The Prophet said:

∩∠ろ∇Βジ ∠ わ∠ ∇ミや や∠クま͡ ゅ∠ワ∠ヲジ ⊥ ∇ム∠ゎヱ ∩∠ろ∇ヨバ͡ デ ∠ や∠クま͡ ゅ∠ヰ∠ヨ͡バ∇トゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠» ヶ͡プ ゅｚャま͡ ∇ゲイ ⊥ ∇ヰゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∇ウらあ ボ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠ヮ∇ィヲ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ツゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ «ろ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや (To feed her when you eat , buy her clot hes when you buy for yourself and t o refrain from st riking her on t he face, cursing her or st aying away from her except in t he house.) Waki` relat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "I like t o t ake care of my appearance for my wife j ust as I like for her t o t ake care of her appearance for me. This is because Allah says:

びフ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ン͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey (women) have right s similar (t o t hose of t heir husbands) over t hem t o what is reasonable.)'' This st at ement is report ed by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abu Hat im.

The Virtue Men have over Women Allah said:

びる∀ ィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ィゲあ ヤ͡ャヱ∠ ぴ (but men have a degree (of responsibilit y) over t hem.) This Ayah indicat es t hat men are in a more advant ageous posit ion t han women physically as well as in t heir mannerism, st at us, obedience (of women t o t hem), spending, t aking care of t he affairs and in general, in t his life and in t he Hereaft er. Allah said (in anot her Ayah):

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ツ ｚ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョやｚヲホ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ィゲあ ャやぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠

(Men are t he prot ect ors and maint ainers of women, because Allah has made one of t hem t o excel t he ot her, and because t hey spend (t o support t hem) from t heir means.) (4:34) Allah's st at ement :

び∀ユΒ⊥ムェ ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is All-Might y, All-Wise) means, He is Might y in His punishment of t hose who disobey and defy His commands. He is Wise in what He commands, dest ines and legislat es.

∀ウΑ͡ゲ∇ジ∠ゎ ∇ヱぺ∠ フ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ よ͡ ∀ポゅ∠ジ∇ョみ͡プ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ゎゲｚ ョ∠ ペ ⊥ ⇒∠ヤト ｚ ャやぴ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べｚヨ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∃ ⇒∠ジ∇ェみ͡よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ ͡ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ∠ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ べ∠プゅ∠ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇れギ∠ わ∠ ∇プや ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ∠ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ キ∠ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ ギｚ バ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ⊥ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ モ ぁエ ͡ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ボヤｚ∠デ ラ͡みプ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや Κ ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ボヤｚ∠デ ラ͡みプ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔ィ∇ヱコ∠ ウ ∠ ム͡ ∇レゎ∠ ヴわｚ ェ ∠ ギ⊥ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ キ∠ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ べｚレ∠ニ ラ͡ま べ∠バィ ∠ や∠ゲわ∠ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヰレ⊥ Βあ ら∠ Α⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ⊥ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (229. The divorce is t wice, aft er t hat eit her you ret ain her on reasonable t erms or release her wit h kindness. And it is not lawful for you (men) t o t ake back (from your wives) any of what you gave t hem (t he Mahr, bridal-money given by t he husband t o his wife at t he t ime of marriage), except when bot h part ies fear t hat t hey would be unable t o keep t he limit s ordained by Allah (e.g., t o deal wit h each ot her on a fair basis). Then if you fear t hat t hey would not be able t o keep t he limit s ordained by Allah, t hen t here is no sin on eit her of t hem if she gives back (t he Mahr or a part of it ). These are t he limit s ordained by Allah, so do not t ransgress t hem. And whoever t ransgresses t he limit s ordained by Allah, t hen such are t he wrongdoers.) (230. And if he has divorced her (t he t hird t ime), t hen she is not lawful unt o him t hereaft er unt il she has married anot her husband. Then, if t he ot her husband divorces her, it is no sin on bot h of t hem t hat t hey reunit e, provided t hey feel t hat t hey can keep t he limit s ordained by Allah. These are t he limit s of Allah, which He makes plain for t he people who have knowledge.)

Divorce is Thrice This honorable Ayah abrogat ed t he previous pract ice in t he beginning of Islam, when t he man had t he right t o t ake back his divorced wife even if he had divorced her a hundred t imes, as long as she was st ill in her ` Iddah (wait ing period). This sit uat ion was harmful for t he wife, and t his is why Allah made t he divorce t hrice, where t he husband is allowed t o t ake back his wife aft er t he first and t he second divorce (as long as she is st ill in her ` Iddah). The divorce becomes irrevocable aft er t he t hird divorce, as Allah said:

∀ウΑ͡ゲ∇ジ∠ゎ ∇ヱぺ∠ フ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ よ͡ ∀ポゅ∠ジ∇ョみ͡プ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ゎゲｚ ョ∠ ペ ⊥ ⇒∠ヤト ｚ ャやぴ びリ ∃ ⇒∠ジ∇ェみ͡よ͡ (The divorce is t wice, aft er t hat , eit her you ret ain her on reasonable t erms or release her wit h kindness.) In his Sunan, Abu Dawud report ed in Chapt er: "Taking t he Wife back aft er t he t hird (Divorce) is an abrogat ed pract ice," t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah:

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ￢∃ ヱ⊥ゲホ⊥ る∠ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルほ∠よ͡ リ ∠ ∇ダよｚ ゲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ボヤｚト ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ びリ ｚ ヰ͡ ョ͡ ゅ∠ェ∇ケぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ラぺ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ (And divorced women shall wait (as regards t heir marriage) for t hree menst rual periods, and it is not lawful for t hem t o conceal what Allah has creat ed in t heir wombs,) (2:228) The man used t o have t he right t o t ake back his wife even if he had divorced her t hrice. Allah abrogat ed t his and said:

びラ ͡ ゅ∠ゎゲｚ ョ∠ ペ ⊥ ⇒∠ヤト ｚ ャやぴ (The divorce is t wice.) This Hadit h was also collect ed by An-Nasa'i. Ibn Abu Hat im report ed t hat ` Urwah said t hat a man said t o his wife, "I will neit her divorce you nor t ake you back.'' She said, "How'' He said, "I will divorce you and when your t erm of ` Iddah nears it s end, I will t ake you back.'' She went t o Allah's Messenger and t old him what happened, and Allah revealed:

びラ ͡ ゅ∠ゎゲｚ ョ∠ ペ ⊥ ⇒∠ヤト ｚ ャやぴ (The divorce is t wice.)

Ibn Jarir (At -Tabari) also report ed t his Hadit h in his Tafsir. Allah said:

びリ ∃ ⇒∠ジ∇ェみ͡よ͡ ∀ウΑ͡ゲ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ フ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ よ͡ ∀ポゅ∠ジ∇ョみ͡プ∠ ぴ (...aft er t hat , eit her you ret ain her on reasonable t erms or release her wit h kindness.) meaning, ` If you divorce her once or t wice, you have t he choice t o t ake her back, as long as she is st ill in her ` Iddah, int ending t o be kind t o her and t o mend differences. Ot herwise, await t he end of her t erm of ` Iddah, when t he divorce becomes final, and let her go her own way in peace, wit hout commit t ing any harm or inj ust ice against her.' ` Ali bin Abu Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "When t he man divorces his wife t wice, let him fear Allah, regarding t he t hird t ime. He should eit her keep her wit h him and t reat her wit h kindness, or let her go her own way wit h kindness, wit hout infringing upon any of her right s.''

Taking back the Mahr (Dowry) Allah said:

びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べｚヨョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And it is not lawful for you (men) t o t ake back (from your wives) any of (t he dowry) what you gave t hem,) meaning, you are not allowed t o bot her or pressure your wives t o end t his sit uat ion by giving you back t he Mahr and any gift s t hat you have given t hem (in ret urn for divorce). Similarly, Allah said:

リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ョ ヂ ͡ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇グわ∠ ャ͡ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤツ ⊥ ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びる∃ レ∠ Βあ ら∠ ョぁ る∃ ゼ ∠ェ ͡ ゅ∠ヘよ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ (...and you should not t reat t hem wit h harshness, t hat you may t ake away part of what you have given t hem, unless t hey commit open illegal sexual int ercourse.) (4:19) However, if t he wife willingly gives back anyt hing wit h a good heart , t hen Allah said regarding t his sit uat ion:

ゅ⇔ゃΒ͡レワ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ ∇らデ ͡ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ゃΑ͡ゲョｚ (...but if t hey, of t heir own good pleasure, remit any part of it t o you, t ake it , and enj oy it wit hout fear of any harm.) (4:4)

Allowing Khul` and the Return of the Mahr in that Case When t he spouses have irreconcilable differences wherein t he wife ignores t he right s of t he husband, dislikes him and becomes unable t o live wit h him any longer, she is allowed t o free herself (from married life) by giving him back what he had given her (in gift s and Mahr). There is no sin on her in t his case nor on him if he accept s such offer. This is why Allah said:

Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べｚヨョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ ͡ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ∠ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ べ∠プゅ∠ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ びヮ͡ よ͡ ∇れギ∠ わ∠ ∇プや ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ∠ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ (And it is not lawful for you (men) t o t ake back (from your wives) any of what you gave t hem, except when bot h part ies fear t hat t hey would be unable t o keep t he limit s ordained by Allah (e.g., t o deal wit h each ot her on a fair basis). Then if you fear t hat t hey would not be able t o keep t he limit s ordained by Allah, t hen t here is no sin on eit her of t hem if she gives back.) Somet imes, t he woman has no valid reason and she st ill asks for her marriage t o be ended. In t his case, Ibn Jarir report ed t hat Thawban said t hat Allah's Messenger said:

ゅ∠ョ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ⇔ホゅ∠ヤデ ∠ ゅ∠ヰィ ∠ ∇ヱコ∠ ∇ろャ∠ほ∠シ ∠ り∃ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ゅ∠ヨΑぁ ぺ∠» «る⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや る⊥ エ ∠ も͡ や∠ケ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ュや∠ゲ∠エ∠プ ∩∃サ∇ほよ∠ (Any woman who asks her husband for divorce wit hout j ust ificat ion, t hen t he scent of Paradise will be forbidden for her.) At -Tirmidhi recorded t his Hadit h and st at ed t hat it is Hasan. Ibn Jarir said t hat t he Ayah (2:229) was revealed about Thabit bin Qays bin Shammas and his wife Habibah bint ` Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul. In his Muwat t a', Imam Malik report ed t hat Habibah bint Sahl Al-Ansariyah was married t o Thabit bin Qays bin Shammas and t hat Allah's Messenger once went t o t he Faj r (Dawn) prayer and found Habibah bint Sahl by his door in t he dark. Allah's Messenger said, "Who is t his'' She said, "I am Habibah bint Sahl, O Messenger of Allah!'' He said, "What is t he mat t er'' She said, "I and Thabit bin Qays'', meaning, (she can no longer be wit h) her husband. When her husband Thabit bin Qays came, Allah's Messenger said t o him:

∇ラぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ゅ∠ョ ∇れゲ∠ ミ∠ ク∠ ∇ギホ∠ モ ∃ ∇ヰシ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇レよ͡ る⊥ ら∠ Β͡らェ ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ» «ゲ⊥ミ∇グゎ∠ (This is Habibah bint Sahl, she said what Allah has permit t ed her t o say.) Habibah also said, "O Messenger of Allah! I st ill have everyt hing he gave me.'' Allah's Messenger said:

«ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇グカ ⊥» (Take it from her.) So, he t ook it from her and she remained in her family's house.'' This was report ed by Ahmad, Abu Dawud and An-Nasai. Al-Bukhari report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he wife of Thabit bin Qays bin Shammas came t o t he Prophet and said, "O Messenger of Allah! I do not crit icize his religion or mannerism. But I hat e commit t ing Kufr in Islam (by ignoring his right s on her).'' Allah's Messenger said:

«ヮ∠わボ∠ Α͡ギェ ∠ ヮ͡ Β∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Αあキゲ⊥ ゎ∠ ぺ∠» (Will you give him back his garden) She said, "Yes.'' Allah's Messenger said:

«る∠ボΒ͡ヤ∇トゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ボヤあデ ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ ボ∠ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ら∠ ∇ホや» (Take back t he garden and divorce her once. ) An-Nasa'i also recorded it .

The ` Iddah (Waiting Period) for the Khul" At -Tirmidhi report ed t hat Rubayi` bint Mu` awwidh bin ` Afra' got a Khul` during t he t ime of Allah's Messenger and t he Prophet ordered her t o wait for one menst ruat ion period for ` Iddah.

Transgressing the set limits of Allah is an Injustice Allah said:

キ∠ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ ギｚ バ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ⊥ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (These are t he limit s ordained by Allah, so do not t ransgress t hem. And whoever t ransgresses t he limit s ordained by Allah, t hen such are t he wrongdoers.) This means t hat t he laws t hat Allah has legislat ed are His set limit s, so do not t ransgress t hem. An aut hent ic Hadit h st at es:

チ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ヱ ∩ゅ∠ワヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ や⇔キヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ ギｚ ェ ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ュ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠エョ∠ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヱ ∩ゅ∠ワヲ⊥バΒあ ツ ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ヂ ∠ も͡ や∠ゲプ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠Β∇セぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ろ ∠ ム∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ムヰ͡ わ∠ ∇レゎ∠ «ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ やヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠Β∇ジル͡ (Allah has set some limit s, so do not t ransgress t hem; and commanded some commands, so do not ignore t hem; and made some t hings unlawful, so do not commit t hem. He has also left some mat t ers (wit hout rulings) as a mercy wit h you, not because He has forgot t en t hem, so do not ask about t hem.)

Pronouncing Three Divorces at the same Time is Unlawful The last Ayah we ment ioned was used as evidence t o prove t hat it is not allowed t o pronounce t hree divorces at one t ime. What furt her proves t his ruling is t hat Mahmud bin Labid has st at ed - as An-Nasa'i recorded - t hat Allah's Messenger was t old about a man who pronounced t hree divorces on his wife at one t ime, so t he Prophet st ood up while angry and said:

«ユ⊥ミゲ͡ ヰ⊥ ∇ニぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ やゆ ͡ ゅ∠わム͡ よ͡ ょ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヤΑ⊥ ぺ∠» (The Book of Allah is being made t he subj ect of j est while I am st ill amongst you) A man t hen st ood up and said, "Should I kill t hat man, O Messenger of Allah''

The Wife cannot be taken back after the Third Divorce

Allah said:

ゅ⇔ィ∇ヱ∠コ ウ ∠ ム͡ ∇レゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ギ⊥ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ぁエ ͡ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ボヤｚ∠デ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ びロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ (And if he has divorced her (t he t hird t ime), t hen she is not lawful for him t hereaft er unt il she has married anot her husband.) This Ayah indicat es t hat if t he man divorces his wife for t he t hird t ime aft er he divorced her t wice, t hen she will no longer be allowed for marriage t o him. Allah said:

びロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔ィ∇ヱ∠コ ウ ∠ ム͡ ∇レゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (...unt il she has married anot her husband.) meaning, unt il she legally marries anot her man. For inst ance, if she has sexual int ercourse wit h any man, even her mast er (if she was a servant ), she would st ill be ineligible for marriage for her ex-husband (who divorced her t hrice), because whomever she had sexual relat ions wit h was not her legal husband. If she marries a man wit hout consummat ing t he marriage, she will not be eligible for her ex-husband. Muslim report ed t hat ` A'ishah said t hat Allah's Messenger was asked about a woman who marries a man who t hereaft er divorces her (t hrice). She t hen marries anot her man and he divorces her before he has sexual relat ions wit h her, would she be allowed for her first husband Allah's Messenger said:

«ゅ∠ヰわ∠ ヤ∠∇Βジ ∠ハ ⊥ ベ ∠ ヱ⊥グΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩ゅ∠ャ» (No, unt il he enj oys her ` Usaylah (sexual relat ion).) Al-Bukhari also report ed t his Hadit h. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "The wife of Rifa` ah Al-Qurazi came while I and Abu Bakr were wit h t he Prophet and she said, ` I was Rifa` ah's wife, but he divorced me and it was an irrevocable divorce. Then I married ` Abdur-Rahman bin Az-Zubayr, but his sexual organ is minut e like a st ring.' She t hen t ook a small st ring of her garment (t o resemble how small his sexual organ was). Khalid bin Sa` id bin Al-` As, who was next t o t he door and was not yet allowed in, said, ` O Abu Bakr! Why do you not forbid t his (woman) from what she is revealing frankly before t he Prophet ' The Prophet merely smiled. Then, Allah's Messenger asked her: c

ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩ゅ∠ャ ∩∠るハ ∠ ゅ∠プケ͡ ヴャ͡ま ヶ͡バィ ͡ ∇ゲゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ マ ͡ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ » «マ∠わヤ∠∇Βジ ∠ハ ⊥ ベ ∠ ヱ⊥グΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮわ∠ ヤ∠∇Βジ ∠ハ ⊥ ヶ͡ホヱ⊥グゎ∠ (Do you want t o remarry Rifa` ah You cannot unless you experience his ` Usaylah and he experiences your ` Usaylah (i.e., had a complet e sexual relat ion wit h your present husband).)''

Al-Bukhari, Muslim, and An-Nasa'i also recorded t his Hadit h. Muslim's wording is "Rifa` ah divorced his wife for t he t hird and final t ime." The word ` Usaylah ment ioned in t he Hadit h means sexual int ercourse. Imam Ahmad and AnNasa'i report ed t hat ` A'ishah said t hat Allah's Messenger said:

«ネゅ∠ヨイ ͡ ∇ャや る∠ ヤ∠∇Βジ ∠ バ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» (` Usaylah is sexual int ercourse.)

The Curse on the Participants of Tahlil/ Halalah The reason for t he woman (who was divorced t hrice) t o marry anot her man must be t hat t he man desires her and has t he int ent ion of having an ext ended married life wit h her. These are t he legal goals and aims behind marriage. If t he reason behind t he second marriage was t o make t he woman eligible for her ex-husband again, t hen t his is t he Tahlil t hat t he Hadit hs have cursed and crit icized. In addit ion, when t he reason behind t his marriage (if it was Tahlil) is announced in t he cont ract , it would make t he cont ract invalid according t o t he maj orit y of t he scholars. Imam Ahmad report ed t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "Allah's Messenger cursed t he one who does Tahlil, t he one in whose favor it is done, t hose who eat Riba (usury) and t hose who feed it (pay t he usury).'' At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i report ed t his Hadit h and At -Tirmidhi said, "This Hadit h is Hasan.'' He said, "This is what is act ed upon according t o people of knowledge among t he Companions, among whom are ` Umar, ` Ut hman and Ibn ` Umar. It was also t he saying of t he scholars of Fiqh among t he Tabi` in (second generat ion of Islam). And it has been report ed from ` Ali, Ibn Mas` ud and Ibn ` Abbas''. In his Must adrak, Al-Hakim report ed t hat Nafi` said: "A man came t o Ibn ` Umar and asked him about a man who divorced his wife t hree t imes. Then, his brot her married her t o make Tahlil for his brot her, wit hout t he brot her knowing t his fact . He t hen asked, "Is she allowed for t he first (husband)'' He said, "No, unless it is a marriage t hat involves desire. We used t o consider t his an act of adult ery during t he t ime of Allah's Messenger .'' Al-Hakim said, "This Hadit h has a Sahih chain alt hough t hey (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) did not record it .''The wording of t his Hadit h indicat es t hat t he ruling came from t he Prophet . Abu Bakr bin Abu Shaybah, Al-Jawzj ani, Harb Al-Kirmani and Abu Bakr Al-At hram said t hat Qabisah bin Jabir said t hat ` Umar said, "If t he part icipant s t o Tahlil are brought t o me, I will have t hem st oned.''

When does a Woman who was divorced Three Times become Eligible for Her First Husband Allah said:

びゅ∠ヰ∠ボヤｚ∠デ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ

(And if he has divorced her) meaning, t he second husband aft er he had complet e sexual relat ions wit h her,

びべ∠バィ ∠ や∠ゲわ∠ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (it is no sin on bot h of t hem t hat t hey reunit e) meaning, t he wife and her first husband,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ∠ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ べｚレ∠ニ ラ͡まぴ (provided t hey feel t hat t hey can keep t he limit s ordained by Allah.) meaning, t hey live t oget her honorably. Muj ahid said, "If t hey are convinced t hat t he aim behind t heir marriage is honorable.'' Next , Allah said:

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ⊥ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (These are t he limit s of Allah,) His commandment s and legislat ion,

びゅヰ∠ レ⊥ Βあ ら∠ Α⊥ ぴ (He makes plain)

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ぴ (for t he people who have knowledge.)

リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ムジ ͡ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠ィ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇ピヤ∠ら∠ プ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ジレあ ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ボｚヤデ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ムジ ͡ ∇ヨゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ フ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ よ͡ ｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥ェゲあ シ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ フ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠ニ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バわ∠ ャあ や⇔ケや∠ゲッ ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱ や⇔ヱゴ⊥ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αへ ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠

￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ムヌ ⊥ ͡バ∠Α び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ (231. And when you have divorced women and t hey have fulfilled t he t erm of t heir prescribed period, eit her t ake t hem back on a reasonable basis or set t hem free on a reasonable basis. But do not t ake t hem back t o hurt t hem, and whoever does t hat , t hen he has wronged himself. And t reat not t he verses (Laws) of Allah in j est , but remember Allah's favors on you (i.e., Islam), and t hat which He has sent down t o you of t he Book (i.e., t he Qur'an) and Al-Hikmah (t he Prophet 's Sunnah legal ways Islamic j urisprudence) whereby He inst ruct s you. And fear Allah, and know t hat Allah is All-Aware of everyt hing).

Being Kind to the Divorced Wife This is a command from Allah t o men t hat when one of t hem divorces his wife wit h a reversible divorce, he should t reat her kindly. So when her t erm of ` Iddah (wait ing period) nears it s end, he eit her t akes her back in a way t hat is bet t er, including having wit nesses t hat he has t aken her back, and he lives wit h her wit h kindness. Or, he should release her aft er her ` Iddah finishes and t hen kindly asks her t o depart from his house, wit hout disput ing, fight ing wit h her or using foul words. Allah t hen said:

び∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バわ∠ ャあ や⇔ケや∠ゲッ ͡ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ムジ ͡ ∇ヨゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (But do not t ake t hem back t o hurt t hem,) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Masruq, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, Ar-Rabi` and Muqat il bin Hayyan said t hat a man used t o divorce his wife, and when her ` Iddah came near it s end, he would t ake her back t o harm her and t o st op her from marrying someone else. He t hen divorced her and she would begin her ` Iddah and when her ` Iddah t erm neared it s end, he would t ake her back again, so t hat t he t erm of ` Iddah would be prolonged for her. Aft er t hat , Allah prohibit ed t his pract ice. Allah has also t hreat ened t hose who indulge in such pract ices, when He said;

びヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠ニ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (...and whoever does t hat , t hen he has wronged himself.) meaning, by defying Allah's commandment s. Allah t hen said:

びや⇔ヱゴ⊥ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αへ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t reat not t he verses (Laws) of Allah in a j est ,) Ibn Jarir said t hat Abu Musa (Al-Ash` ari) narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger once became angry at t he Ash` ari t ribe. Abu Musa went t o him and said, "O Messenger of Allah! Are you angry wit h t he Ash` ariyyin'' The Prophet said:

や∠グワ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ∩⊥ろ∇バィ ∠ や∠ケ ∇ギホ∠ ∩⊥ろ∇ボヤｚデ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ :∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » «ゅ∠ヰゎ͡ ギｚ ハ ͡ モ ͡ ら⊥ ホ⊥ ヶ͡プ り∠ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや やヲ⊥ボヤあデ ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ベ ⊥ ゅ∠ヤデ ∠ (One of you says, ` I divorced her' -t hen says- ` I t ook her back!' This is not t he appropriat e way Muslims conduct divorce. Divorce t he woman when she has fulfilled t he t erm of t he prescribed period.) Masruq said t hat t he Ayah refers t o t he man who harms his wife by divorcing her and t hen t aking her back, so t hat t he ` Iddah t erm is prolonged for her. Al-Hasan, Qat adah, ` At a' AlKhurasani, Ar-Rabi` and Muqat il bin Hayyan said, "He is t he man who divorces his wife and says, ` I was j oking.' Or he frees a servant or get s married and says, ` I was only j oking.' Allah revealed:

びや⇔ヱゴ⊥ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αへ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t reat not t he verses (Laws) of Allah in a j est ,) Then such men were made t o bear t he consequences of t heir act ions. Allah t hen said:

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ (. ..but remember Allah's favors on you,) meaning, by His sending His Messenger wit h t he right guidance and clear signs t o you:

びる͡ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (...and t hat which He has sent down t o you of t he Book (i.e., t he Qur'an) and Al-Hikmah) meaning t he Sunnah,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヌ ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ぴ (...whereby He inst ruct s you.) meaning, commands you, forbids you and t hreat ens you for t ransgressing His prohibit ions. Allah said:

びヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And fear Allah) meaning, concerning what you perform and what you avoid,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱぴ (and know t hat Allah is All-Aware of everyt hing.) none of your secret or public affairs ever escapes His knowledge, and He will t reat you accordingly.

リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤツ ⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠ィ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇ピヤ∠ら∠ プ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ジレあ ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ボｚヤデ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇や∇ヲッ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ や∠クま͡ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇エム͡ レ∠Α ラ∠ぺ ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ナ ⊥ハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α マ ∠ ャ͡ク Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇デぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ミ∇コぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘや び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ (232. And when you have divorced women and t hey have fulfilled t he t erm of t heir prescribed period, do not prevent t hem from marrying t heir (former) husbands, if t hey mut ually agree on reasonable basis. This (inst ruct ion) is an admonit ion for him among you who believes in Allah and t he Last Day. That is more virt uous and purer for you. Allah knows and you know not .)

The Wali (Guardian) of the Divorced Woman should not prevent Her from going back to Her Husband Ali bin Abu Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "This Ayah was revealed about t he man who divorces his wife once or t wice and her ` Iddah finishes. He lat er t hinks about t aking her back in marriage and t he woman also wishes t hat , yet , her family prevent s her from remarrying him. Hence, Allah prohibit ed her family from prevent ing her.'' Masruq, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Az-Zuhri and Ad-Dahhak st at ed t hat t his is t he reason behind revealing t he Ayah (2:232). These st at ement s clearly conform t o t he apparent meaning of t he Ayah. There is no Marriage

without a Wali (for the Woman) The Ayah (2:232) also indicat es t hat t he woman is not permit t ed t o give herself in marriage. Rat her, she requires a Wali (guardian such as her fat her, brot her, adult son, and so fort h) t o give her away in marriage, as Ibn Jarir and At -Tirmidhi have st at ed when t hey ment ioned t his Ayah. Also, a Hadit h st at es t hat :

り⊥ ぺゲ∠ヨ∇ャや ァあヱゴ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ ∩∠りぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ぺ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ァ ⊥ あヱゴ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» «ゅ∠ヰジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ァ ⊥ あヱゴ∠ ゎ⊥ ヶ͡わャｚや ヶ ∠ ワ͡ る∠ Β∠ ル͡ やｚゴャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠

(The woman does not give anot her woman away for marriage and t he woman does not give herself away in marriage, for only t he adult eress gives herself away for marriage.) Anot her Hadit h st at es:

«メ∇ギ∠ハ ∇ヵギ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠セヱ∠ ギ∃ セ ͡ ∇ゲョ⊥ ヶ ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ よ͡ ゅｚャま ゥ ∠ ゅ∠ムル͡ ゅ∠ャ» (No marriage is valid except wit h t he part icipat ion of a mat ure Wali and t wo t rust wort hy wit nesses.)

The Reason behind revealing the Ayah (2:232) It was report ed t hat t his Ayah was revealed about Ma` qil bin Yasar Al-Muzani and his sist er. AlBukhari report ed in his Sahih, when he ment ioned t he Tafsir of t his Ayah (2:232), t hat t he husband of t he sist er of Ma` qil bin Yasar divorced her. He wait ed unt il her ` Iddah finished and t hen asked t o remarry her, but Ma` qil refused. Then, t his Ayah was sent down:

びリ ｚ ヰ⊥ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇エム͡ レ∠Α ラ∠ぺ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤツ ⊥ ∇バ∠ゎ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (...do not prevent t hem from marrying t heir (former) husbands.) Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi, Ibn Abu Hat im, Ibn Jarir and Ibn Marduwyah and Al-Bayhaqi report ed t his Hadit h from Al-Hasan from Ma` qil bin Yasar. At -Tirmidhi rendered t his Hadit h aut hent ic and in his narrat ion, Ma` qil bin Yasar gave his sist er in marriage for a Muslim man during t he t ime of Allah's Messenger . She remained wit h him for a while and he divorced her once and did not t ake her back unt il her ` Iddah finished. They t hen want ed t o get back wit h each ot her and he came t o ask her for marriage. Ma` qil said t o him, "O ungrat eful one! I honored you and married her t o you but you divorced her. By Allah! She will never be ret urned t o you.'' But Allah knew his need for his wife and her need for her husband and He revealed:

びリ ｚ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠ィ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇ピヤ∠ら∠ プ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ジレあ ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ボｚヤデ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when you have divorced women and t hey have fulfilled t he t erm of t heir prescribed period, ) unt il He said:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (...and you know not .) When Ma` qil heard t he Ayah, he said, "I hear and obey my Lord.'' He t hen summoned t he man and said, "I will honor you and let you remarry (my sist er).'' Ibn Marduwyah added (t hat Ma` qil said), "And will pay (t he expiat ion) for breaking my vow.'' Allah said:

ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ナ ⊥ハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ びゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘや (This (inst ruct ion) is an admonit ion for him among you who believes in Allah and t he Last Day.) meaning, prohibit ing you from prevent ing t he women from marrying t heir ex-husbands, if t hey bot h agree t o it ,

び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョぴ (among you) O people,

びゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ぴ (who believes in Allah and t he Last Day.) meaning, believes in Allah's commandment s and fears His warnings and t he t orment in t he Hereaft er. Allah said:

びゲ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇デぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ミ∇コぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡クぴ (That is more virt uous and purer for you.) meaning, obeying Allah's Law by ret urning t he women t o t heir ex-husbands, and abandoning your displeasure, is purer and cleaner for your heart s,

びユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (Allah knows) t he benefit s you gain from what He commands and what He forbids.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (and you know not ) t he benefit s in what you do or what you refrain from doing.

∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ョ͡ ゅ∠ミ リ ͡ ∇Βャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇バッ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ れ ⊥ ギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ ｚリヰ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ キ͡ ヲ⊥ャ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ∠ヱ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ッゲｚ ャや ｚユわ͡ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰバ∠ ∇シヱ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ブ ⊥ ｚヤム∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ジミ͡ ヱ∠

ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ロ͡ ギ͡ ャ∠ヲ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∀キヲ⊥ャ∇ヲョ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワギ͡ ャ∠ヲ∠ よ͡ り∀ ギ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ケｚ べ∠ツゎ⊥ Ι ∠ チ ∃ や∠ゲゎ∠ リ∠ハ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ダプ͡ や∠キや∠ケぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ゐ ͡ ケ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや ラ∠ぺ ∇ユゎぁ キ∠ケぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅレ∠ ィ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ケ∃ ヱ⊥ ゅ∠ゼゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ユ⊥わ∇ヨヤｚシ ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バッ ͡ ∇ゲわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥わ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べｚョ び ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ n(233. The mot hers should suckle t heir children for t wo whole years, (t hat is) for t hose (parent s) who desire t o complet e t he t erm of suckling, but t he fat her of t he child shall bear t he cost of t he mot her's food and clot hing on a reasonable basis. No person shall have a burden laid on him great er t han he can bear. No mot her shall be t reat ed unfairly on account of her child, nor fat her on account of his child. And on t he (fat her's) heir is incumbent t he like of t hat (which was incumbent on t he fat her). If t hey bot h decide on weaning, by mut ual consent , and aft er due consult at ion, t here is no sin on t hem. And if you decide on a fost er suckling-mot her for your children, t here is no sin on you, provided you pay (t he mot her) what you agreed (t o give her) on a reasonable basis. And fear Allah and know t hat Allah is All-Seer of what you do.)

The Suckling Period is only Two Years This is a direct ion from Allah t o t he mot hers t o suckle t heir infant s t hrough t he complet e t erm of suckling, which is t wo years. Hence, suckling aft er t wo years is not included in t his address. Allah said:

びる∠ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ッゲｚ ャや ｚユわ͡ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ぴ (...who desire t o complet e t he t erm of suckling,) Therefore, t he suckling t hat est ablishes Tahrim (prohibit ion, i.e., one cannot marry his mot her or sist er from suckling) is what occurs before t he t wo years end. If t he infant is suckled only aft er t wo years of age, t hen no Tahrim will be est ablished. At -Tirmidhi under Chapt er: ` Suckling est ablishes Tahrim wit hin t he first t wo years,' report ed t hat Umm Salamah narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said:

ヶ͡プ ￢∠ ゅ∠バ∇ョほ∠∇ャや ペ ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅｚャま͡ ネ ͡ ゅ∠ッゲｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ュ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ュゅ∠トヘ͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヵ ͡ ∇ギんｚ ャや

(Suckling est ablishes Tahrim if it is on t he breast and before Fit am (before weaning, i.e., before t he end of t he first t wo years).) At -Tirmidhi said, "This Hadit h is Hasan Sahih. The maj orit y of t he people of knowledge among t he Companions of Allah's Messenger and ot hers act ed upon t his, t hat is t hat suckling est ablishes Tahrim (prohibit ion in marriage) before t he end of t he t wo years and t hat what ever occurs aft er t hat does not est ablish Tahrim". At -Tirmidhi is alone in recording t his Hadit h and t he narrat ors in it s chain meet t he crit eria of t he Sahihayn. The Prophet 's st at ement :

«ヵ∇ギんｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ゅｚャま͡» (On t he breast ) refers t o t he organ of suckling before t he t wo years. Imam Ahmad report ed a Hadit h in which Al-Bara' bin ` Azib narrat ed, "When Ibrahim, t he Prophet 's son, died, t he Prophet said:

ヶ͡プ ゅ⇔バッ ͡ ∇ゲョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∩͡ヵ∇ギんｚ ャや ヶ͡プ れ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヶ͡レ∇よや ラ ｚ ま͡» «る⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや (My son has died on t he breast and he has someone t o suckle him in Paradise.) Furt hermore, Ad-Daraqut ni relat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Allah's Messenger said:

«リ∇Βャ∠∇ヲエ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ゅｚャま͡ ネ ͡ ゅ∠ッゲｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ュ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» (Suckling est ablishes Tahrim only wit hin t he (first ) t wo years.) Imam Malik report ed t his Hadit h from Thawr bin Zayd who narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas relat ed it t o t he Prophet . Ad-Darawardi report ed t his Hadit h from Thawr who narrat ed it from ` Ikrimah who narrat ed it from Ibn ` Abbas. In t his narrat ion, which is more aut hent ic, he added:

«￢∇ヶゼ ∠ よ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ リ ͡ ∇Βャ∠∇ヲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ » (What ever occurs aft er t he t wo years is not considered.)

Suckling beyond the Two Years It is report ed in t he Sahih t hat ` A'ishah t hought t hat if a woman gives her milk t o an older person (meaning beyond t he age of t wo years) t hen t his will est ablish Tahrim. This is also t he opinion of ` At a' bin Abu Rabah and Layt h bin Sa` d. Hence, ` A'ishah t hought t hat it is permissible t o suckle t he man whom t he woman needs t o be allowed in her house. She used as evidence t he Hadit h of Salim, t he freed slave of Abu Hudhayfah, where t he Prophet ordered Abu Hudhayfah's wife t o give some of her milk t o Salim, alt hough he was a man, and ever since

t hen, he used t o ent er her house freely. However, t he rest of t he Prophet 's wives did not agree wit h t his opinion and t hought t hat t his was only a special case. This is also t he opinion of t he maj orit y of t he scholars.

Suckling for Monetary Compensation Allah said:

リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ジミ͡ ヱ∠

ｚリヰ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇コケ͡

ヮ⊥ ャ∠

キ͡ ヲ⊥ャ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ∠ヱぴ びフ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ

(...but t he fat her of t he child shall bear t he cost of t he mot her's food and clot hing on a reasonable basis.) meaning, t he fat her of t he baby is obliged t o provide for t he expenses of t he mot her and t o buy her clot hes, in reasonable amount s usually used by similar women in t hat area, wit hout ext ravagance or st inginess. The fat her spends wit hin his means in t his case. Allah said in anot her Ayah:

ヮ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ケ∠ ギ͡ ホ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ バ∠ シ ∠ リあョ る∃ バ∠ シ ∠ ヱ⊥ク ∇ペヘ͡ レ⊥Βャ͡ぴ べ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ブ ⊥ あヤム∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ロ⊥ ゅ∠ゎや∠￢ べｚヨョ͡ ∇ペヘ͡ レ⊥Β∇ヤプ∠ び や⇔ゲ∇ジΑ⊥ ゲ∃ ∇ジハ ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΒ∠ シ ∠ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ゎや∠￢ (Let t he rich man spend according t o his means; and t he man whose resources are rest rict ed, let him spend according t o what Allah has given him. Allah put s no burden on any person beyond what He has given him. Allah will grant aft er hardship, ease.) (65:7) Ad-Dahhak comment ed, "If t he husband divorces his wife, wit h whom he had a child, and she suckles t hat child, he is required t o provide for t he mot her's expenses and clot hes wit hin reason.''

No Darar (Harm) or Dirar (Revenge) Allah said:

びゅ∠ワギ͡ ャ∠ヲ∠ よ͡ り∀ ギ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ケｚ べ∠ツゎ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (No mot her shall be t reat ed unfairly on account of her child,) meaning, t he mot her should not decline t o rear her child t o harm it s fat her. The mot her does not have t he right t o refrain from suckling t he child aft er giving birt h, unless she suckles him/ her t he milk t hat is necessary for

his/ her survival. Lat er on, she is allowed t o give up cust ody of t he child as long as she does not do t hat int ending t o harm t he fat her. In addit ion, t he fat her is not allowed t o t ake t he child from his mot her t o harm t he mot her. This is why Allah said:

びロ͡ ギ͡ ャ∠ヲ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∀キヲ⊥ャ∇ヲョ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (...nor fat her on account of his child.) meaning, by t aking t he child from it s mot her int ending t o harm t he mot her. This is t he Tafsir of Muj ahid, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, Az-Zuhri, As-Suddi, At h-Thawri and Ibn Zayd, and ot hers on t his Ayah. Allah t hen said:

びマ ∠ ャ͡ク モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ゐ ͡ ケ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (And on t he (fat her's) heir is incumbent t he like of t hat (which was incumbent on t he fat her).) meaning, by refraining from harming t he relat ive (of t he fat her, i.e., his infant ), as Muj ahid, Ash-Sha` bi and Ad-Dahhak st at ed. It was also report ed t hat (t he Ayah requires) t he inherit or (of t he fat her) t o spend on t he mot her of t he child, j ust as t he fat her was spending, and t o preserve her right s and refrain from harming her, according t o t he Tafsir of t he maj orit y of t he scholars. We should st at e t hat Ibn Jarir has explained t his subj ect in det ail in his Tafsir and t hat he also st at ed t hat suckling t he child aft er t he second year might harm t he child's body and mind. Sufyan At h-Thawri narrat ed t hat ` Alqamah asked a woman who was suckling her child aft er t he second year ended, not t o do t hat .

Fitam (weaning) occurs by Mutual Consent Allah said:

Κ ∠ プ∠ ケ∃ ヱ⊥ ゅ∠ゼゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョあ チ ∃ や∠ゲゎ∠ リ∠ハ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ダプ͡ や∠キや∠ケぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ (If t hey bot h decide on weaning, by mut ual consent , and aft er due consult at ion, t here is no sin on t hem.) This Ayah indicat es t hat if t he fat her and t he mot her decide on t he Fit am (weaning) before t he t wo years (of suckling) end, and for a benefit t hat t hey duly discuss and agree upon, t hen t here is no sin in t his case. So, t he Ayah indicat es t hat one parent is not allowed t o make t his kind of decision wit hout duly consult ing t he ot her parent , as st at ed by At h-Thawri. The met hod of mut ual consult at ion prot ect s t he child's int erest s. It is also a mercy from Allah t o His servant s, for He has legislat ed t he best met hod for parent s t o rear t heir children, and His legislat ion guides and direct s t he parent s and t he children t o success. Similarly, Allah said in Surat At Talaq (chapt er 65 in t he Qur'an):

∇やヱ⊥ゲヨ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ぺヱ∠ ｚリワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎゅ∠⇒プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ ∇バッ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ノ⊥ ッ ͡ ∇ゲわ⊥ ジ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲシ ∠ ゅ∠バゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ フ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ びン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ (Then if t hey give suck t o t he children for you, give t hem t heir due payment , and let each of you accept t he advice of t he ot her in a j ust way. But if you make difficult ies for one anot her, t hen some ot her woman may give suck for him (t he fat her of t he child).) (65:6) Allah t hen said:

ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バッ ͡ ∇ゲわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユゎぁ キ∠ケぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びフ ͡ ヱゲ⊥ ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥わ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べｚョ ユ⊥わ∇ヨヤｚシ ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (And if you decide on a fost er suckling-mot her for your children, t here is no sin on you, provided you pay (t he mot her) what you agreed (t o give her) on a reasonable basis.) meaning, if t he mot her and t he fat her bot h agree t hat t he fat her assumes cust ody of t he child due t o a circumst ance t hat compels her or allows him t o do so, t hen t here is no sin in t his case. Hence, t he mot her is allowed t o give up t he child and t he fat her is allowed t o assume cust ody of t he child. The fat her should kindly give t he mot her her expenses for t he previous period (during which she reared and suckled t he child), and he should seek ot her women t o suckle his child for monet ary compensat ion. Thereaft er, Allah said:

びヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And fear Allah) meaning, in all of your affairs,

び∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱぴ (And know t hat Allah is All-Seer of what you do.) meaning, none of your affairs or speech escapes His perfect Wat ch.

リ ∠ ∇ダよｚ ゲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ⇔ィヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヲプｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠ィ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇ピヤ∠よ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ゼハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ヰ⊥ ∇セぺ∠ る∠ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ほよ͡

リ ｚ ヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ び ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (234. And t hose of you who die and leave wives behind t hem, t hey (t he wives) shall wait (as regards t heir marriage) for four mont hs and t en days, t hen when t hey have fulfilled t heir t erm, t here is no sin on you if t hey (t he wives) dispose of t hemselves in a (j ust and) honorable manner (i.e., t hey can marry). And Allah is well-acquaint ed wit h what you do.)

The ` Iddah (Waiting Period) of the Widow This Ayah cont ains a command from Allah t o t he wives whose husbands die, t hat t hey should observe a period of ` Iddah of four mont hs and t en night s, including t he cases where t he marriage was consummat ed or ot herwise, according t o t he consensus (of t he scholars). The proof t hat t his ruling includes t he case where t he marriage was not consummat ed is included in t he general meaning of t he Ayah. In a narrat ion recorded by Imam Ahmad and t he compilers of t he Sunan, which At -Tirmidhi graded Sahih, Ibn Mas` ud was asked about a man who married a woman, but he died before consummat ing t he marriage. He also did not appoint a Mahr (dowry) for her. They kept asking Ibn Mas` ud about t his subj ect unt il he said, "I shall give you my own opinion, and if it is correct t hen it is from Allah, while if it is wrong it is because of my error and because of (t he evil effort s of) Sat an. In t his case, Allah and His Messenger are innocent of my opinion. She has her full Mahr.'' In anot her narrat ion, Ibn Mas` ud said, "She has a similar Mahr t o t hat of t he women of her st at us, wit hout st inginess or ext ravagance.'' He t hen cont inued, "She has t o spend t he ` Iddah and has a right t o t he inherit ance.'' Ma` qil bin Yasar Ashj a` i t hen st ood up and said, "I heard Allah's Messenger issue a similar j udgment for t he benefit of Barwa` bint Washiq.'' ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud became very delight ed upon hearing t his st at ement . In anot her narrat ion, several men from Ashj a` (t ribe) st ood up and said, "We t est ify t hat Allah's Messenger issued a similar ruling for t he benefit of Barwa` bint Washiq.'' As for t he case of t he widow whose husband dies while she is pregnant , her t erm of ` Iddah ends when she gives birt h, even if it occurs an inst ant (aft er her husband dies). This ruling is t aken from Allah's st at ement :

びリ ｚ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇ヨェ ∠ リ ∠ ∇バツ ∠ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ｚリヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ィ ∠ ぺ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ェΙ ｘやろ ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥∠ヱぴ (And for t hose who are pregnant , t heir ` Iddah is unt il t hey lay down t heir burden.) (65:4) There is also a Hadit h from Subay` ah Al-Aslamiyah in t he Two Sahihs, t hrough various chains of narrat ion. Her husband, Sa` d bin Khawlah, died while she was pregnant and she gave birt h only a few night s aft er his deat h. When she finished her Nifas (post nat al period), she beaut ified herself for t hose who might seek t o engage her (for marriage). Then, Abu Sanabil bin Ba` kak came t o her and said, "Why do I see you beaut ified yourself, do you wish t o marry By Allah! You will not marry unt il t he four mont hs and t en night s have passed.'' Subay` ah said, "When he said t hat t o me, I collect ed my garment s when night fell and went t o Allah's Messenger and asked him about t his mat t er. He said t hat my ` Iddah had finished when I gave birt h and allowed me t o get married if I wished.''

The Wisdom behind legislating the ` Iddah Sa` id bin Musayyib and Abu Al-` Aliyah st at ed t hat t he wisdom behind making t he ` Iddah of t he widow four mont hs and t en night s is t hat t he womb might cont ain a fet us. When t he woman wait s for t his period, it will become evident if she is pregnant . Similarly, t here is a Hadit h in t he Two Sahihs narrat ed by Ibn Mas` ud st at ing:

リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヮ͡ ョあ ぺ⊥ リ ͡ ∇トよ∠ ヶ͡プ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ペ ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ラ ｚ ま» ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠マャ͡ク モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ る⇔ ボ∠ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩⇔るヘ∠ ∇トル⊥ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ オ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠マャ͡ク モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ る⇔ ピ∠ ∇ツョ⊥ «ゥヱぁゲャや ((The creat ion of) a human being is put t oget her in t he womb of his mot her in fort y days in t he form of a seed, and next he becomes a clot of t hick blood for a similar period, and next a morsel of flesh for a similar period. Then, Allah sends an angel who is ordered t o breat he life unt o t he fet us.) So, t hese are four mont hs and t en more days t o be sure, as some mont hs are less (t han t hirt y days), and t he fet us will t hen st art t o show signs of life aft er t he soul has been breat hed int o it . Allah knows best .

The ` Iddah of the Slave Mother whose Master dies We should st at e here t hat t he ` Iddah of t he slave mot her is t he same in t he case of deat h, as t he ` Iddah of t he free woman. Imam Ahmad report ed t hat ` Amr bin Al-` As said, "Do not confuse t he Sunnah of our Prophet for us. The ` Iddah of t he mot her, who is also a servant , when her mast er dies, is four mont hs and t en night s.''

Mourning is required during the ` Iddah of Death Allah said:

ヴ͡プ リ ∠ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠ィ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇ピヤ∠よ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ び∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ

(...t hen when t hey have fulfilled t heir t erm, t here is no sin on you if t hey (t he wives) dispose of t hemselves in a (j ust and) honorable manner (i.e., t hey can marry). And Allah is wellacquaint ed wit h what you do.) This Ayah indicat es t hat mourning for t he dead husband is required unt il t he ` Iddah is finished. It is also report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat Umm Habibah and Zaynab bint Jahsh narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said:

ｚギエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラぺ ゲ͡カΓや ュ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ り∃ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョゅ͡ャ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ» る∠ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ァ ∃ ∇ヱコ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ゅｚャま͡ ∩∃ゐゅ∠ヤを∠ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ろ ∃ Β͡ ョ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ «や⇔ゲ∇ゼハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ヰ⊥ ∇セぺ∠ (It is not lawful for a woman who believes in Allah and t he Last Day t o mourn for more t han t hree days for any dead person except her husband, for whom she mourns for four mont hs and t en days.) It is report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat Umm Salamah said t hat a woman said, "O Messenger of Allah! My daught er's husband died and she is complaining about her eye, should we administ er kohl in her eye'' He said, "No,'' several t imes upon repeat ing t his quest ion. He t hen said:

∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀ゲ∇ゼハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ヰ⊥ ∇セぺ∠ る⊥ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま» «る∠レシ ∠ ゑ ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヨゎ∠ る͡ Βｚ ヤ͡ワ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ｚリミ⊥ や∠ギ∇ェま͡ (It is four mont hs and t en (night s)! During t he Jahiliyyah, one of you would mourn for an ent ire year.) Zaiynab t he daught er of Umm Salamah said (about t he pre-Islamic era of ignorance), "When t he woman's husband died, she would go int o seclusion and would wear t he worst clot hes she has. She would refrain from wearing perfume or any adornment s unt il a year passed. She would t hen come out of seclusion and would be given dung t hat she would t hrow. Then an animal would be brought out , a donkey, a sheep, or a bird. Then some blood would be drained from it , usually result ing in it s deat h.'' In short , t he mourning required from a wife whose husband dies, includes not using beaut ificat ion aids, such as wearing perfume and t he clot hes and j ewelry t hat encourage t he men t o seek marriage from t he woman. All widows must observe t his period of mourning whet her t hey are young, old, free, servant , Muslim or disbeliever, as t he general meaning of t he Ayah indicat es. Allah also said:

びリ ｚ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠ィ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇ピヤ∠よ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (...t hen when t hey have fulfilled t heir t erm) meaning, when t he ` Iddah finishes, according t o Ad-Dahhak and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas.

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t here is no sin on you) Az-Zuhri said, "Meaning her Wali (guardian).''

びリ ∠ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プぴ (if t hey (t he wives) dispose) meaning, t he women whose ` Iddah has finished. Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "If t he woman is divorced or if her husband dies and t hen her ` Iddah t erm ends, t here is no sin t hat she beaut ifies herself, so t hat she becomes ready for marriage proposals. This is t he way ` t hat is j ust and honorable'.'' It was report ed t hat Muqat il bin Hayyan gave t he same explanat ion. Ibn Jurayj relat ed t hat Muj ahid said:

リ ｚ ヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ びフ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (...t here is no sin on you if t hey (t he wives) dispose of t hemselves in a j ust and honorable manner.) "refers t o allowed and pure (honorable) marriage.'' It was also report ed t hat Al-Hasan, Az-Zuhri and As-Suddi said t he same.

る͡ ら∠ ∇トカ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥わ∇ッゲｚ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠レ∇ミぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ や６ゲシ ͡ ｚリワ⊥ ヱ⊥ギハ ͡ や∠ヲゎ⊥ Ι ｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グわ∠ シ ∠ ゥ ͡ ゅ∠ムレあ ャや り∠ ギ∠ ∇ボハ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ョゴ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プヱ⊥ゲ∇バョｚ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠

∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ェ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ ∇ェゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プ び (235. And t here is no sin on you if you make a hint of bet rot hal or conceal it in yourself, Allah knows t hat you will remember t hem, but do not make a promise (of cont ract ) wit h t hem in secret except t hat you speak an honorable saying. And do not be det ermined on t he marriage bond unt il t he t erm prescribed is fulfilled. And know t hat Allah knows what is in your minds, so fear Him. And know t hat Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Forbearing.)

Mentioning Marriage indirectly during the ` Iddah Allah said:

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t here is no sin on you) meaning, t o indirect ly ment ion marriage t o t he widow during t he t erm of ` Iddah for her deceased husband. At h-Thawri, Shu` bah and Jarir st at ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said:

る͡ ら∠ ∇トカ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥わ∇ッゲｚ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや (And t here is no sin on you if you make a hint of bet rot hal) "means saying, ` I want t o marry and I am looking for a woman whose qualit ies are such and such,' t hus t alking t o her in general t erms in a way t hat is bet t er.'' In anot her narrat ion (by Ibn ` Abbas), "Saying, ` I wish t hat Allah endows me wit h a wife,' but he should not make a direct marriage proposal.'' Al-Bukhari report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah:

る͡ ら∠ ∇トカ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥わ∇ッゲｚ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや (And t here is no sin on you if you make a hint of bet rot hal) means, "The man could say, ` I wish t o marry,' ` I desire a wife,' or, ` I wish I could find a good wife'.'' Muj ahid, Tawus, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Ash-Sha` bi, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Az-Zuhri, Yazid bin Qusayt , Muqat il bin Hayyan and Al-Qasim bin Muhammad and several ot hers among t he Salaf and t he Imams said t hat one is allowed t o ment ion marriage indirect ly t o t he woman whose husband died. It is also allowed t o indirect ly ment ion marriage t o a woman who had gone t hrough final, irrevocable divorce. The Prophet ordered Fat imah bint Qays t o remain in t he

house of Ibn Umm Makt um for ` Iddah when her husband Abu ` Amr bin Hafs divorced her for t he t hird t ime. He said t o her:

«ヶ͡レΒ͡ルク͡ べ∠プ ろ ͡ ∇ヤヤ∠ェ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ » (Inform me when your ` Iddah t erm ends.) When she finished t he ` Iddah, Usamah bin Zayd, t he Prophet 's freed slave asked t o marry her, and t he Prophet married her t o him. As for t he divorced wife (not irrevocably divorced), t here is no disagreement t hat it is not allowed for ot her t han her husband t o ment ion marriage proposals t o her direct ly or indirect ly (before t he ` Iddah finishes). Allah knows best . Allah said:

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠レ∇ミぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (...or conceal it in yourself,) meaning, if you hide t he int ent ion of seeking marriage wit h t hem. Similarly, Allah said:

び ∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ヤ∇バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ぁリム͡ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And your Lord knows what t heir breast s conceal, and what t hey reveal) (28:69) and:

び∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ヤ∇ハぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βヘ∠ ∇カぺ∠ べ∠ヨ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (...while I am All-Aware of what you conceal and what you reveal.) (60: 1) So, Allah said here:

びリ ｚ ヰ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グわ∠ シ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ぴ (Allah knows t hat you will remember t hem) meaning, in your heart s, so He made it easy for you. Allah t hen said:

びや６ゲシ ͡ ｚリワ⊥ ヱ⊥ギハ ͡ や∠ヲゎ⊥ Ι ｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (...but do not make a promise (of cont ract ) wit h t hem in secret ) ` Ali bin Abu Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat

びや６ゲシ ͡ ｚリワ⊥ ヱ⊥ギハ ͡ や∠ヲゎ⊥ Ι ｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but do not make a promise (of cont ract ) wit h t hem in secret ) means do not say t o her, "I am in love (wit h you),'' or, "Promise me you will not marry someone else (aft er t he ` Iddah finishes),'' and so fort h. Sa` id bin Jubayr, Ash-Sha` bi, ` Ikrimah, Abu Ad-Duha, Ad-Dahhak, Az-Zuhri, Muj ahid and At h-Thawri said t hat it (meaning of t he Ayah) means t aking t he woman's promise not t o marry someone else. Aft erwards, Allah said:

びゅ⇔プヱ⊥ゲ∇バョｚ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (...except t hat you speak an honorable saying.) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, As-Suddi, At h-Thawri and Ibn Zayd said t hat t he Ayah means t o indirect ly refer t o marriage, such as saying, "I desire someone like you.'' Muhammad bin Sirin said: I asked ` Ubaydah about t he meaning of Allah's st at ement :

びゅ⇔プヱ⊥ゲ∇バョｚ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (. ..except t hat you speak an honorable saying.) He said, "He says t o her Wali, ` Do not give her away (in marriage) unt il you inform me first '.'' This st at ement was narrat ed by Ibn Abu Hat im. Allah t hen said:

ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゥ ͡ ゅ∠ムレあ ャや り∠ ギ∠ ∇ボハ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ョゴ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ⊥ ヤ∠ィ ∠ ぺ∠ (And do not be det ermined on t he marriage bond unt il t he t erm prescribed is fulfilled.) meaning, do not make marriage cont ract s before t he ` Iddah finishes. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, AshSha` bi, Qat adah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Abu Malik, Zayd bin Aslam, Muqat il bin Hayyan, Az-Zuhri, ` At a' Al-Khurasani, As-Suddi, At h-Thawri and Ad-Dahhak said t hat :

びヮ⊥ ヤ∠ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il t he t erm prescribed is fulfilled.) means, ` Do not consummat e t he marriage before t he ` Iddah t erm finishes.' The scholars agree t hat marriage cont ract s during t he ` Iddah are invalid. Allah t hen said:

びロ⊥ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ ∇ェゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱぴ (And know t hat Allah knows what is in your minds, so fear Him.) warning t he men against t he ideas t hey conceal in t heir heart s about women, direct ing t hem t o t hink good about t hem rat her t han t he evil, and Allah would not let t hem despair of His mercy, as He said:

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ェ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱぴ (And know t hat Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Forbearing.)

リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲぁジヨ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ べ∠ジレあ ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ボｚヤデ ∠ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Ι ｚぴ ノ͡ シ ͡ ヲ⊥ヨ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥バわあ ョ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ツ ∠ Α͡ゲプ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ６ボェ ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ⇔バ⇒∠わョ∠ ロ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ゲ͡ わ͡ ∇ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ロ⊥ ケ⊥ ギ∠ ホ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (236. There is no sin on you, if you divorce women while yet you have not t ouched t hem, nor appoint ed for t hem t heir due (dowry). But give t hem a Mut ` ah (a suit able gift , t he rich according t o his means, and t he poor according t o his means, a gift of reasonable amount is a dut y on t he doers of good.)

Divorce before consummating the Marriage Allah allowed divorce aft er t he marriage cont ract and before consummat ing t he marriage. Ibn ` Abbas, Tawus, Ibrahim and Al-Hasan Al-Basri said t hat ` t ouched' (ment ioned in t he Ayah) means sexual int ercourse. The husband is allowed t o divorce his wife before consummat ing t he marriage or giving t he dowry if it was deferred.

The Mut` ah (Gift) at the time of Divorce Allah commands t he husband t o give t he wife (whom he divorces before consummat ing t he marriage) a gift of a reasonable amount , t he rich according t o his means and t he poor according t o his means, t o compensat e her for her loss. Al-Bukhari report ed in his Sahih t hat Sahl bin Sa` d and Abu Usayd said t hat Allah's Messenger married Umaymah bint Sharahil. When she was brought t o t he Prophet he ext ended his hand t o her, but she did not like t hat . The Prophet t hen ordered Abu Usayd t o provide provisions for her along wit h a gift of t wo garment s.

∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲぁジヨ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ボヤｚデ ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ ラ∠ぺ Γｚま ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ッゲ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ ブ ⊥ ∇ダレ͡ プ∠ る⇔ ツ ∠ Α͡ゲプ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ッゲ∠ プ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ゥ ͡ ゅ∠ムレ∂ ャや り⊥ ギ∠ ∇ボハ ⊥ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ン͡グャｚや ∇やヲ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇バΑ∠ モ ∠ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ ジ ∠ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ヤ͡ャ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇バゎ∠ ゥ ァ ゐ れ"Rrgjim=)p,%30(raster∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ び- ォ (237. And if you divorce t hem before you have t ouched (had a sexual relat ion wit h) t hem, and you have appoint ed for t hem t heir due (dowry), t hen pay half of t hat , unless t hey (t he women) agree t o remit it , or he (t he husband), in whose hands is t he marriage t ie, agrees t o remit it . And t o remit is nearer t o At -Taqwa (piet y, right eousness). And do not forget liberalit y bet ween yourselves. Truly, Allah is All-Seer of what you do.)

The Wife gets half of Her Mahr if She is divorced before the Marriage is consummated This honorable Ayah is not a cont inuat ion of t he Mut ` ah (gift ) t hat was ment ioned in t he previous Ayah (i.e., divorce before t he marriage is consummat ed). This Ayah (2:237) requires t he husband t o relinquish half of t he appoint ed Mahr if he divorces his wife before t he marriage is consummat ed. If it was discussing any ot her t ype of gift , t hen it would have been ment ioned t hat way, especially when t his Ayah follows t he previous Ayah relat ed t o t his subj ect . Allah knows best . Giving away half of t he bridal-money in t his case is t he agreed pract ice according t o t he scholars. So, t he husband pays half of t he appoint ed Mahr if he divorces his wife before consummat ing t he marriage. Allah t hen said:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇バΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ιｚまぴ (unless t hey (t he women) agree t o remit it ,) meaning, t he wife forfeit s t he dowry and relieves t he husband from furt her financial responsibilit y. As-Suddi said t hat Abu Salih ment ioned t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on Allah's st at ement :

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇バΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ιｚまぴ (unless t hey (t he women) agree t o remit it ,) "Unless t he wife forfeit s her right .''Furt hermore, Imam Abu Muhammad bin Abu Hat im said t hat it was report ed t hat Shurayh, Sa` id bin

Musayyib, ` Ikrimah, Muj ahid, Ash-Sha` bi, Al-Hasan, Nafi` , Qat adah, Jabir bin Zayd, ` At a' AlKhurasani, Ad-Dahhak, Az-Zuhri, Muqat il bin Hayyan, Ibn Sirin, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and As-Suddi said similarly. Allah t hen said:

びゥ ͡ ゅ∠ムレあ ャや り⊥ ギ∠ ∇ボハ ⊥ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ン͡グャｚや ∇やヲ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (...or he (t he husband), in whose hands is t he marriage t ie, agrees t o remit it .) Ibn Abu Hat im report ed t hat ` Amr bin Shu` ayb said t hat his grandfat her narrat ed t hat t he Prophet said:

«ァ∇ヱゴｚ ャや ゥ ͡ ゅ∠ムレあ ャや り͡ ギ∠ ∇ボハ ⊥ ヶ ぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ » (The husband is he who has t he marriage t ie.) Ibn Marduwyah also report ed t his Hadit h, and it is t he view chosen by Ibn Jarir. The Hadit h st at es t hat t he husband is t he person who really holds t he marriage t ie in his hand, as it is up t o him t o go on wit h t he marriage or end it . On t he ot her hand, t he Wali of t he wife is not allowed t o give away any of her right ful dues wit hout her permission, especially t he dowry. Allah t hen st at ed:

びン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ヤ͡ャ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇バゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And t o remit it is nearer t o At -Taqwa (piet y, right eousness).) Ibn Jarir said, "Some scholars said t hat t his st at ement is direct ed at bot h men and women.'' Ibn ` Abbas said:

びン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ヤ͡ャ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇バゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And t o remit it is nearer t o At -Taqwa (piet y, right eousness).) indicat es t hat t he one who forgives, is nearer t o At -Taqwa (piet y).'' A similar st at ement was made by Ash-Sha` bi and several ot her scholars. Muj ahid, An-Nakha` i, Ad-Dahhak, Muqat il bin Hayyan, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and Thawri st at ed t hat ` liberalit y' ment ioned in t he Ayah refers t o t he woman giving away her half Mahr, or t he man giving away t he full Mahr. This is why Allah said here:

び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ∠ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ ジ ∠ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And do not forget liberalit y bet ween yourselves.) meaning, kindness (or generosit y), as Sa` id has st at ed. Allah said:

び∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, Allah is All-Seer of what you do.) meaning, none of your affairs ever escapes His perfect Wat ch, and He will reward each according t o his deeds.

ヴ∠ト∇シヲ⊥ ∇ャや り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャやヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ヤ∠ダ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠ェぴ びリ ∠ Β͡わレ͡ ⇒∠ホ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ͡ョぺ∠ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ら∇ミケ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ィゲ͡ プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ ͡ ∇ラみ∠プぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ムヨ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ ゅヨ∠ ミ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや (238. Guard st rict ly (five obligat ory) As-Salawat (t he prayers) especially t he Middle Salah.And st and before Allah wit h obedience.) (239. And if you fear (an enemy), (perform Salah) on foot or riding. And when you are in safet y, t hen remember Allah (pray) in t he manner He has t aught you, which you knew not (before).) Allah commands t hat t he prayer should be performed properly and on t ime. It is report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat Ibn Mas` ud said, "I asked t he Prophet , ` Which deed is t he dearest (t o Allah)' He replied:

«ゅヰ͡わ∇ホヱ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや» (To offer t he prayers at t heir fixed t imes.) I asked, ` What is t he next (in goodness)' He replied:

«ぶや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰイ ͡ ∇ャや» (To part icipat e in Jihad (religious fight ing) in Allah's cause.)'' I again asked, ` What is t he next (in goodness)' He replied:

«リ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲ∇ャや ゲぁ よ͡ » (To be good and dut iful t o your parent s.) ` Abdullah t hen added, "The Prophet t old me t hese words, and had I asked more, t he Prophet would have t old me more.''

The Middle Prayer Furt hermore, Allah has specifically ment ioned t he Middle prayer, which is t he ` Asr prayer according t o t he maj orit y of t he scholars among t he Companions, as At -Tirmidhi and AlBaghawi have st at ed. Al-Qadi Al-Mawardi added t hat t he maj orit y of t he scholars of t he Tabi` in also held t his view. Al-Hafiz Abu ` Umar bin ` Abdul-Barr said t hat t his is also t he opinion of t he maj orit y of t he scholars of t he At har (i.e., t he Hadit h and t he st at ement s of t he Salaf). In addit ion, Abu Muhammad bin ` At iyah said t hat t his is t he Tafsir (of t he Middle prayer) of t he maj orit y of scholars. Al-Hafiz Abu Muhammad ` Abdul-Mu'min bin Khalaf Ad-Dumyat i st at ed in his book on t he Middle prayer t hat it is t he ` Asr prayer and ment ioned t hat t his is t he Tafsir of ` Umar, ` Ali, Ibn Mas` ud, Abu Ayyub, ` Abdullah bin ` Amr, Samurah bin Jundub, Abu Hurayrah, Abu Sa` id, Hafsah, Umm Habibah, Umm Salamah, Ibn ` Abbas and ` A'ishah. This is also t he Tafsir of ` Ubaydah, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Razin, Zirr bin Hubaysh, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Ibn Sirin, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Kalbi, Muqat il, ` Ubayd bin Abu Maryam, and ot hers.

The Proof that the ` Asr Prayer is the Middle Prayer Imam Ahmad report ed t hat ` Ali narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said during t he bat t le of AlAhzab (t he Confederat es):

∩͡ゲ∇ダ∠バ∇ャや り͡ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ∩ヴ∠ト∇シヲ⊥ ∇ャや り͡ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヤピ∠ セ ∠» «や⇔ケゅ∠ル ユヰ∠ゎヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ヰよ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ぶ ⊥ や ほ∠ヤ∠ョ∠ (They (t he disbelievers) busied us from performing t he Middle prayer, t he ` Ar prayer, may Allah fill t heir heart s and houses wit h fire.) He performed t he ` Asr prayer bet ween Maghrib and ` Isha'. Muslim and An-Nasa'i recorded t his Hadit h. In addit ion, t he Two Shaykhs, Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi An-Nasa'i and several ot her collect ors of t he Sunan recorded t his Hadit h using different chains of narrat ors t o ` Ali. The Hadit h about t he bat t le of Al-Ahzab, when t he Mushriks prevent ed Allah's Messenger and his Companions from performing t he ` Asr prayer, has been narrat ed by several ot her Companions. We only ment ioned t he narrat ions t hat st at ed t hat t he Middle prayer is t he ` Asr prayer. Furt hermore, Muslim report ed similar wordings for t his Hadit h from Ibn Mas` ud and Al-Bara' bin ` Azib. In addit ion, Imam Ahmad report ed t hat Samurah bin Jundub said t hat Allah's Messenger said:

«ゲ∇ダバ∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ヴ∠ト∇シヲ∇ャや り⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ » (The Middle prayer is t he ` Asr prayer.) In anot her narrat ion, Allah's Messenger ment ioned:

びヴ∠ト∇シヲ⊥ ∇ャや り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャやヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ヤ∠ダ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠ェぴ (Guard st rict ly (five obligat ory) As-Salawat (t he prayers) especially t he Middle Salah) and st at ed t hat it is t he ` Asr prayer. In anot her narrat ion, Allah's Messenger said:

«ゲ∇ダバ∠ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ ワ͡ » (It is t he ` Asr prayer.) and Ibn Ja` far ment ioned t hat t he Prophet was t hen being asked about t he Middle prayer. At -Tirmidhi report ed t his Hadit h and said, "Hasan, Sahih." In addit ion, Abu Hat im bin Hibban report ed in his Sahih t hat ` Abdullah said t hat Allah's Messenger said:

«ゲ∇ダバ∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ヴ∠ト∇シヲ∇ャや り⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ » (The Middle prayer is t he ` Asr prayer.) At -Tirmidhi report ed t hat Ibn Mas` ud narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said:

«ゲ∇ダバ∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ヴ∠ト∇シヲ∇ャや り⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ » (The ` Asr prayer is t he Middle prayer.) At -Tirmidhi t hen st at ed t hat t his Hadit h is of a Hasan, Sahih t ype. Muslim report ed t he Hadit h in his Sahih and his wordings are:

«ゲ∇ダバ∠ ∇ャや り͡ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ヴ∠ト∇シヲ∇ャや り͡ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヤピ∠ セ ∠» (They (disbelievers) busied us from performing t he Middle prayer, t he ` Asr prayer.) These t ext s emphasize t he fact (t hat t he ` Asr prayer is t he Middle prayer). What furt her proves t his fact is t hat , in an aut hent ic Hadit h, Allah's Messenger emphasized t he necessit y of preserving t he ` Asr prayer, when he said, as Ibn ` Umar narrat ed:

ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ほ∠ム∠ プ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ダバ∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わゎ∠ ゅ∠プ ∇リョ∠ » «ヮ∠ャゅ∠ョヱ∠ (Whoever misses t he ` Asr prayer will be like who has lost his family and money.) It is report ed in t he Sahih t hat Buraydah bin Al-Husayb said t hat t he Prophet said:

ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩͡ユ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡プ り͡ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ やヱ⊥ゲムあ よ∠ » «ヮ⊥ヤヨ∠ ハ ∠ テ ∠ ら͡ ェ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ゲ∇ダバ∠ ∇ャや り∠ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ (On a cloudy day, perform t he (` Asr) prayer early, for whoever misses t he ` Asr prayer, will have his (good) deeds annulled.)

The Prohibition of speaking during the Prayer Allah said:

びリ ∠ Β͡わレ͡ ⇒∠ホ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ (And st and before Allah wit h obedience.) meaning, wit h humbleness and humilit y before Him (i.e., during t he prayer). This command indicat es t hat it is not allowed t o speak during t he prayer, as speaking cont radict s t he nat ure of t he prayer. This is why t he Prophet refused t o answer Ibn Mas` ud when he greet ed him while he was praying and said aft erwards:

«ゅ⇔ヤ∇ピゼ ⊥ ∠ャ り͡ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡» (The prayer makes one sufficient ly busy.) (i.e., by t he various act ions of t he body, t ongue and heart involved during t he prayer.) Muslim report ed t hat t he Prophet said t o Mu` awiyah bin Hakam As-Sulami when he spoke during t he prayer:

ュ͡ ゅ∠ヤミ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀￢∇ヶ∠セ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ウ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ダΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ り∠ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ ラ ｚ ま͡» «ぶや ゲ⊥ ∇ミク͡ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ Β͡ら∇ムわｚ ャや∠ヱ ウ ⊥ Β͡ら∇ジわｚ ャや ヶ͡ワ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま ∩͡サゅｚレャや (The ordinary speech people indulge in is not appropriat e during t he prayer. The prayer involves only Tasbih (praising Allah), Takbir (saying Allahu Akbar, i.e., Allah is t he Most Great ) and remembering Allah.) Imam Ahmad report ed t hat Zayd bin Arqam said, "One used t o address his friend about various affairs during t he prayer. Then when t his Ayah was revealed:

びリ ∠ Β͡わレ͡ ⇒∠ホ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ

(And st and before Allah wit h obedience.) we were ordered t o refrain from speaking.'' The Group (i. e., t he Hadit h collect ions), except Ibn Maj ah, report ed t his Hadit h.

The Fear Prayer Allah said:

∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ͡ョぺ∠ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ら∇ミケ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ィゲ͡ プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ ͡ ∇ラみ∠プぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ムヨ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや (And if you fear (an enemy), (perform Salah) on foot or riding. And when you are in safet y, t hen remember Allah (pray) in t he manner He has t aught you, which you knew not (before).) Aft er Allah commanded His servant s t o perform t he prayer perfect ly and emphasized t his commandment , He ment ioned t he sit uat ion where t he person might not be able t o perform t he prayer perfect ly, during bat t le and combat . Allah said:

びゅ⇔ルゅ∠ら∇ミケ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ィゲ͡ プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ ͡ ∇ラみ∠プぴ (And if you fear (an enemy), perform Salah on foot or riding.) meaning, pray in t he appropriat e manner under t hese circumst ances, whet her on foot or riding and whet her facing t he Qiblah or ot herwise. Imam Malik report ed t hat Nafi` relat ed t hat Ibn ` Umar used t o describe t he Fear prayer when he was asked about it and would t hen add, "If t here is int ense fear, pray on foot , riding, facing t he Qiblah and ot herwise.'' Nafi` comment ed, "I t hink t hat he relat ed t hat t o t he Prophet .'' Al-Bukhari and Muslim report ed t he Hadit h. Muslim, Abu Dawud, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Maj ah and Ibn Jarir report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Allah has ordained t he prayer by t he words of your Prophet : four (Rak` ah) while residing, t wo Rak` ah while t raveling and one Rak` ah during t imes of fear.'' This is also t he view of Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, and ot hers. In addit ion, Al-Bukhari has ent it led a Chapt er: ` Prayer while confront ing t he Fort s and facing t he Enemy'. Al-Awza` i said, "If t he vict ory seems near and t he Muslims are unable t o perform t he prayer (in t he normal manner), t hey should pray by nodding each by himself. If t hey are unable t o nod, t hey should delay t he prayer unt il fight ing is finished. When t hey feel safe, t hey should pray t wo Rak` ah. If t hey are unable, t hey should t hen pray one Rak` ah t hat includes t wo prost rat ions. If t hey are unable, t hen Takbir alone does not suffice, so t hey should delay t he prayer unt il t hey are safe.'' This is t he same view t hat Makhul held. Anas bin Malik said, "I part icipat ed in t he at t ack on t he fort of Tast ar, when t he light of dawn st art ed t o become clear. Suddenly, t he fight ing raged and t he Muslims were unable t o pray unt il t he light of day spread. We t hen prayed (t he Dawn prayer) wit h Abu Musa and we became vict orious. I would not have been pleased if I were t o gain in t he life of t his world and what ever is in it inst ead of t hat prayer.'' This is t he wording of Al-Bukhari.

Prayer during the Times of Peace is performed normally Allah said:

びヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ͡ョぺ∠ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (And when you are in safet y, t hen remember Allah (pray)) meaning, ` Perform t he prayer as I have commanded you by complet ing it s bowing, prost rat ion, st anding, sit t ing, and wit h t he required at t ent ion (in t he heart ) and supplicat ion.' Allah said:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ムヨ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ぴ (in t he manner He has t aught you, which you knew not (before).) meaning, j ust as He has endowed you, guided you and t aught you about what benefit s you in t his life and t he Hereaft er, so t hank and remember Him. Similarly, Allah said aft er He ment ioned t he prayer of Fear,

∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホほ∠プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ル∇ほヨ∠ ∇デや や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥ホ∇ヲョｚ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (...but when you are free from danger, perform As-Salah. Verily, As-Salah (t he prayer) is enj oined on t he believers at fixed hours.) (4:103) We will ment ion t he Hadit hs about t he prayer of Fear and it s descript ion in Surat An-Nisa' while ment ioning Allah's st at ement :

びり∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヨホ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (When you (O Messenger Muhammad ) are among t hem, and lead t hem in As-Salah (t he prayer).) (4:102)

る⇔ Βｚ タ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ィヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヲプｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ァ ∃ や∠ゲ∇カま͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔バ⇒∠わョｚ ユ͡ヰ͡ィや∠ヱ∇コΙ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヶ͡プ リ ∠ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ ∇ィゲ∠ カ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ボヤｚト ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ フ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バョｚ リ͡ョ

リ ⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ６ボェ ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αへ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (240. And t hose of you who die and leave behind wives should bequeat h for t heir wives a year's maint enance (and residence) wit hout t urning t hem out , but if t hey (wives) leave, t here is no sin on you for t hat which t hey do of t hemselves, provided it is honorable (e.g., lawful marriage). And Allah is All-Might y, All-Wise.) (241. And for divorced women, maint enance (should be provided) on reasonable (scale). This is a dut y on Al-Mut t aqin (t he pious).) (242. Thus Allah makes clear His Ayat (Laws) t o you, in order t hat you may underst and.)

Ayah (2:240) was abrogated The maj orit y of t he scholars said t hat t his Ayah (2:240) was abrogat ed by t he Ayah (2:234), what Allah said:

びや⇔ゲ∇ゼハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ヰ⊥ ∇セぺ∠ る∠ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ほよ͡ リ ∠ ∇ダよｚ ゲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ぴ (...t hey (t he wives) shall wait (as regards t heir marriage) for four mont hs and t en days.) (2:234) For inst ance, Al-Bukhari report ed t hat Ibn Az-Zubayr said: I said t o ` Ut hman bin ` Affan:

びゅィ ⇔ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヲプｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose of you who die and leave wives behind t hem) was abrogat ed by t he ot her Ayah (2:234). Therefore, why did you collect it (meaning, in t he Qur'an)'' He said, "O my nephew! I shall not change any part of t he Qur'an from it s place.'' The quest ion t hat Ibn Az-Zubayr asked ` Ut hman means: ` If t he ruling of t he Ayah (2:240) was abrogat ed t o four mont hs (t he ` Iddah of t he widow, and refer t o 2:234), t hen what is t he wisdom behind including it in t he Qur'an, alt hough it s ruling has been abrogat ed If t he Ayah (2:240) remains (in t he Qur'an) aft er t he Ayah t hat abrogat ed it (2:234), t his might imply t hat it s ruling is st ill valid.' ` Ut hman, t he Leader of t he fait hful, answered him by st at ing t hat t his is a mat t er of t he revelat ion, which ment ioned t hese Ayat in t his order. ` Therefore, I shall leave t he Ayah where I found it in t he Qur'an.' Ibn Abu Hat im report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about what Allah said:

る⇔ Βｚ タ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ィヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヲプｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ びァ ∃ や∠ゲ∇カま͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔バ⇒∠わョｚ ユ͡ヰ͡ィや∠ヱ∇コΙ (And t hose of you who die and leave behind wives should bequeat h for t heir wives a year's maint enance (and residence) wit hout t urning t hem out , ) "The widow used t o reside, and have her provisions provided for her for a year, in her deceased husband's house. Lat er, t he Ayah t hat specified t he inherit ance (4:12) abrogat ed t his Ayah (2:240), and t hus t he widow inherit s one-fourt h or one-eight h of what her (deceased) husband leaves behind.'' Ibn Abu Hat im also relat ed t hat ` Ali bin Abu Talhah st at ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "When a man died and left behind a widow, she used t o remain in his house for a year for her ` Iddah, all t he while receiving her provisions during t his t ime. Thereaft er, Allah revealed t his Ayah:

リ ∠ ∇ダよｚ ゲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ⇔ィヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヲプｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ びや⇔ゲ∇ゼハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ヰ⊥ ∇セぺ∠ る∠ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ほよ͡ (And t hose of you who die and leave wives behind t hem, t hey (t he wives) shall wait (as regards t heir marriage) for four mont hs and t en days.) (2:234) So, t his is t he ` Iddah of t he widow, unless she was pregnant , for her ` Iddah t hen ends when she gives birt h. Allah also said:

ラ͡みプ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡ま ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ノ⊥ よ⊥ ぁゲャや リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びユ⊥わ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ リ ⊥ ヨ⊥ ぁんャや リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ (In t hat which you leave, t heir (your wives') share is a fourt h if you leave no child; but if you leave a child, t hey get an eight h of t hat which you leave.) (4:12) So Allah specified t he share of t he widow in t he inherit ance and t here was no need for t he will or t he Nafaqah (maint enance) which were ment ioned in (2:240).'' Ibn Abu Hat im st at ed t hat Muj ahid, Al-Hasan, ` Ikrimah, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, Ar-Rabi` and Muqat il bin Hayyan said t hat t he Ayah (2:240) was abrogat ed by:

びや⇔ゲ∇ゼハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ヰ⊥ ∇セぺ∠ る∠ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ぴ (four mont hs and t en days.) (2:234) Al-Bukhari report ed t hat Muj ahid said t hat :

びゅ⇔ィヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヲプｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose of you who die and leave wives behind t hem) (2:234) used t o be t he ` Iddah, and t he widow had t o remain wit h her (deceased) husband's family (during t hat period, i.e., four mont hs and t en days). Then, Allah revealed:

る⇔ Βｚ タ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ィヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヲプｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ァ ∃ や∠ゲ∇カま͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔バ⇒∠わョｚ ユ͡ヰ͡ィや∠ヱ∇コΙ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヶ͡プ リ ∠ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ ∇ィゲ∠ カ ∠ びフ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バョｚ リ͡ョ (And t hose of you who die and leave behind wives should bequeat h for t heir wives a year's maint enance (and residence) wit hout t urning t hem out , but if t hey (wives) leave, t here is no sin on you for t hat which t hey do of t hemselves, provided it is honorable (e.g., lawful marriage).) So, Allah made t he rest of t he year, which is seven mont hs and t went y days, as a will and t est ament for her. Consequent ly, if she want s, she could use her right in t his will and remain in t he residence (for t he rest of t he year). Or, if she want s, she could leave t he (deceased husband's) house aft er t he four mont hs and t en days have passed. This is t he meaning of what Allah said:

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ ∇ィゲ∠ カ ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ァ ∃ や∠ゲ∇カま͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ぴ (...wit hout t urning t hem out , but if t hey (wives) leave, t here is no sin on you.) Therefore, t he required t erm of ` Iddah is st ill unchanged (refer t o 2:234). ` At a' quot ed Ibn ` Abbas, "This Ayah (2:240) has abrogat ed (t he requirement t hat ) t he widow spends t he ` Iddah wit h his (i.e., her deceased husband's) family. So, she spends her ` Iddah wherever she want s. This is t he meaning of what Allah said:

びァ ∃ や∠ゲ∇カま͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ぴ (wit hout t urning t hem out ,).'' ` At a' also said: "If she want s, she spends t he ` Iddah wit h his family and resides t here according t o t he will (meaning t he rest of t he year). If she want s, she is allowed t o leave, for Allah said:

びリ ∠ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t here is no sin on you for t hat which t hey do of t hemselves,).'' ` At a' t hen said: "Then (t he Ayah on) t he inherit ance (refer t o 4:12) came and abrogat ed t he residence. Hence, t he widow spends her ` Iddah wherever she want s and does not have t he right t o residence any more.'' The st at ement of ` At a' and t hose who held t he view t hat t he Ayah (2:240) was abrogat ed by t he Ayah on t he inherit ance (4: 12), is only valid for more t han t he four mont hs and t en days (required in 2:234). However, if t hey mean t hat t he four mont hs and t en days are not required from t he deceased husband's est at e, t hen t his opinion is t he subj ect of disagreement among t he scholars. As proof, t hey said t hat t he widow is required t o remain in her (deceased) husband's house (for four mont hs and t en days) according t o what Malik report ed from Zaynab bint Ka` b bin ` Uj rah. She said t hat Fari` ah bint Malik bin Sinan, t he sist er of Abu Sa` id AlKhudri, t old her t hat she came t o Allah's Messenger asking him t o ret urn t o her family's residence wit h Banu Khudrah. Her husband had pursued some of his servant s who ran away, but when he reached t he area of Al-Qadum, t hey killed him. She said, "So I asked Allah's Messenger if I should st ay wit h my family in Banu Khudrah, for my (deceased) husband did not leave me a residence t hat he owns or Nafaqah (maint enance). Allah's Messenger answered in t he posit ive. While I was in t he room, Allah's Messenger summoned me or had someone summon me and said:

«ろ∇ヤホ⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ » (What did you say) I repeat ed t he st ory t o him about my (deceased) husband. He said:

«ヮ∠ヤィ ∠ ぺ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ャや ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ͡ わ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ヶ͡プ ヶん⊥ム∇ョや» (St ay at your home unt il t he t erm reaches it s end.) So I remained t hrough t he ` Iddah t erm for four mont hs and t en days in my (deceased husband's) house. Thereaft er, ` Ut hman bin ` Affan sent for me during his reign and asked me about t his mat t er and I t old him what happened. He made a j udgment t o t he same effect .'' This Hadit h was also collect ed by Abu Dawud, At Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah. At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih".

The Necessity of the Mut` ah (Gift) at the Time of Divorce Allah said:

びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ６ボェ ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ボヤｚト ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And for divorced women, maint enance (should be provided) on reasonable (scale). This is a dut y on Al-Mut t aqin (t he pious).) ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said t hat when Allah's st at ement :

びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ６ボェ ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ⇔バ⇒∠わョ∠ ぴ (...a gift of reasonable amount is a dut y on t he doers of good) (2:236) was revealed, a man said, "If I want , I will be excellent and if I do not , I will not .'' Thereaft er, Allah revealed t his Ayah:

びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ６ボェ ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ボヤｚト ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And for divorced women, maint enance (should be provided) on reasonable (scale). This is a dut y on Al-Mut t aqin (t he pious).) The scholars who ruled t hat t he Mut ` ah (reasonable gift ) at t he t ime of divorce is required for every divorced woman, whet her she had a bridal-money appoint ed for her or not , and whet her t he marriage was consummat ed or not , relied on t his Ayah (2:241) when t hey issued t heir ruling. This is t he view t aken on t his subj ect by Sa` id bin Jubayr and several ot hers among t he Salaf and also Ibn Jarir. Hence, Allah's st at ement :

リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲぁジヨ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ べ∠ジレあ ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ボｚヤデ ∠ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Ι ｚぴ ノ͡ シ ͡ ヲ⊥ヨ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥バわあ ョ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ツ ∠ Α͡ゲプ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ６ボェ ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ⇔バ⇒∠わョ∠ ロ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ゲ͡ わ͡ ∇ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ロ⊥ ケ⊥ ギ∠ ホ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (There is no sin on you, if you divorce women while yet you have not t ouched (had sexual relat ion wit h) t hem, nor appoint ed for t hem t heir due (dowry). But best ow on t hem (a suit able gift ), t he rich according t o his means, and t he poor according t o his means, a gift of reasonable amount is a dut y on t he doers of good.) (2:236) only ment ions some specifics of t his general ruling. Allah t hen said:

びヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αべ⊥ヰヤｚャや リ ⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミぴ (Thus Allah makes clear His Ayat (Laws) t o you,) meaning, what He allows, forbids, requires, His set limit s, His commandment s and His prohibit ions are all explained and made plain and clear for you. He did not leave any mat t er in general t erms if you needed t he specifics,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ

(in order t hat you may underst and.) meaning, underst and and comprehend.

∀フヲ⊥ャぺ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ∠ カ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ケ∠ グ∠ ェ ∠ Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ⊥グ∠ャ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ホヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ⇔ッ∇ゲ∠ホ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや チ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ボΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや や∠ク リｚョ - ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ヂ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ り⇔ ゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ ゅ⇔プゅ∠バ∇ッぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヘ∠ ハ ͡ ゅ∠ツΒ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔レジ ∠ェ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ テ ⊥ジ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ヱ∠ (243. Did you (O Muhammad ) not t hink of t hose who went fort h from t heir homes in t he t housands, fearing deat h Allah said t o t hem, "Die''. And t hen He rest ored t hem t o life. Truly, Allah is full of bount y t o mankind, but most men t hank not .) (244. And fight in t he way of Allah and know t hat Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower.) (245. Who is he t hat will lend t o Allah a goodly loan so t hat He may mult iply it t o him many t imes And it is Allah t hat decreases or increases (your provisions), and unt o Him you shall ret urn.)

The Story of the Dead People Ibn Abu Hat im relat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t hese people ment ioned herein, were t he resident s of a village called Dawardan. ` Ali bin ` Asim said t hat t hey were from Dawardan, a village several miles away from Wasit (in Iraq). In his Tafsir, Waki` bin Jarrah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed,

∀フヲ⊥ャぺ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ∠ カ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ びれ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ケ∠ グ∠ ェ ∠ (Did you (O Muhammad ) not t hink of t hose who went fort h from t heir homes in t housands, fearing deat h) t hat t hey were four t housand persons who escaped t he plague (t hat broke out in t heir land). They said, "We should go t o a land t hat is free of deat h!'' When t hey reached a cert ain area, Allah said t o t hem:

び∇やヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ョぴ

("Die.'') and t hey all died. Aft erwards, one of t he Prophet s passed by t hem and supplicat ed t o Allah t o resurrect t hem and Allah brought t hem back t o life. So, Allah st at ed:

∀フヲ⊥ャぺ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ∠ カ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ びれ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ケ∠ グ∠ ェ ∠ r(Did you (O Muhammad ) not t hink of t hose who went fort h from t heir homes in t he t housands, fearing deat h) Furt hermore, several scholars among t he Salaf said t hat t hese people were t he resident s of a cit y during t he t ime of t he Children of Israel. The weat her in t heir land did not suit t hem and an epidemic broke out . They fled t heir land fearing deat h and t ook refuge in t he wilderness. They lat er arrived at a fert ile valley and t hey filled what is bet ween it s t wo sides. Then Allah sent t wo angels t o t hem, one from t he lower side and t he ot her from t he upper side of t he valley. The angels screamed once and all t he people died inst ant ly, j ust as t he deat h of one man. They were lat er moved t o a different place, where walls and graves were built around t hem. They all perished, and t heir bodies rot t ed and disint egrat ed. Long aft erwards, one of t he Prophet s of t he Children of Israel, whose name was Hizqil (Ezekiel), passed by t hem and asked Allah t o bring t hem back t o life by his hand. Allah accept ed his supplicat ion and commanded him t o say, "O rot t ed bones, Allah commands you t o come t oget her.'' The bones of every body were brought t oget her. Allah t hen commanded him t o say, "O bones, Allah commands you t o be covered wit h flesh, nerves and skin.'' That also happened while Hizqil was wat ching. Allah t hen commanded him t o say, "O souls, Allah commands you t o ret urn, each t o t he body t hat it used t o inhabit .'' They all came back t o life, looked around and proclaimed, "All praise is due t o You (O Allah!) and t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except You.'' Allah brought t hem back t o life aft er t hey had perished long ago. We should st at e t hat bringing t hese people back t o life is a clear proof t hat physical resurrect ion shall occur on t he Day of Resurrect ion. This is why Allah said:

びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ⊥グャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, Allah is full of bount y t o mankind,) meaning, in t hat He shows t hem His great signs, sound proofs and clear evidences. Yet ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but most men t hank not .) as t hey do not t hank Allah for what He has given t hem wit h in t heir worldly life and religious affairs. The st ory of t he dead people (2:244 above) also indicat es dest iny and t hat t here is no refuge from Allah, but t o Allah from t heir land fleeing t he epidemic and seeking t o enj oy a t he opposit e of what t hey sought , as deat h came quickly and all.

t hat no caut ion can ever avert Himself. These people depart ed long life. What t hey earned was inst ant aneously and seized t hem

There is an aut hent ic Hadit h t hat Imam Ahmad report ed t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas said t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab once went t o Ash-Sham (Syria). When he reached t he area of Sargh, he was met by t he commanders of t he army: Abu ` Ubaydah bin Jarrah and his companions. They t old him t hat t he plague had broken out in Ash-Sham. The Hadit h t hen ment ioned t hat ` AbdurRahman bin ` Awf, who was away at t ending t o some of his affairs, came and said, "I have knowledge regarding t his mat t er. I heard Allah's Messenger say:

や⇔ケや∠ゲプ͡ やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ チ ∃ ∇ケほ∠よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や∠クま͡» «ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ やヲ⊥ョギ∇ボゎ∠ Κ∠プ チ ∃ ∇ケほ∠よ ヮよ ∇ユわ⊥ バ͡ヨシ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ ∩ヮ∇レョ͡ (If it (t he plague) breaks out in a land t hat you are in, do not leave t hat land t o escape from it . If you hear about it in a land, do not ent er it .) ` Umar t hen t hanked Allah and went back. This Hadit h is also report ed in t he Sahihayn.

Abandoning Jihad does not alter Destiny Allah said:

∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ (And fight in t he way of Allah and know t hat Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower.) This Ayah indicat es t hat j ust as caut ion does not alt er dest iny, abandoning Jihad will neit her bring t he appoint ed t erm closer nor delay it . Rat her, dest iny and t he appoint ed provisions are fixed and shall never be changed or alt ered, neit her by addit ion nor delet ion. Similarly, Allah said:

ゅ∠ョ ゅル∠ ヲ⊥ハゅ∠デぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠バ∠ホ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ∠ ∇カΗ ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リハ ∠ やヱ⊥￢ケ∠ ∇キゅ∠プ ∇モホ⊥ やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ((They are) t he ones who said about t heir killed bret hren while t hey t hemselves sat (at home): "If only t hey had list ened t o us, t hey would not have been killed.'' Say: "Avert deat h from your own selves, if you speak t he t rut h.'') (3:168)

Allah said:

ゅ∠レゎ∠ ∇ゲカ ｚ ぺ∠ Ι∇ヲャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ノ⊥ ⇒∠わョ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ょ ∃ Α͡ゲホ∠ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠レ∇Α∠ぺ⇔ΚΒ͡わ∠プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ボゎｚ や リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ びり∃ ギ∠ Βｚ ゼ ∠ ョぁ ァ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ムぁ ミ͡ケ∇ギΑ⊥ (They say: "Our Lord! Why have you ordained for us fight ing Would t hat you had grant ed us respit e for a short period'' Say: "Short is t he enj oyment of t his world. The Hereaft er is (far) bet t er for him who fears Allah, and you shall not be dealt wit h unj ust ly even equal t o t he Fat ila (a scalish t hread in t he long slit of a dat e st one). Wheresoever you may be, deat h will overt ake you even if you are in fort resses built up st rong and high!'') (4:77, 78) Abu Sulayman, Khalid bin Al-Walid, t he commander of t he Muslim armies, t he vet eran among Muslim soldiers, t he prot ect or of Islam and t he Sword of Allah t hat was raised above His enemies, said while dying, "I have part icipat ed in so-and-so number of bat t les. There is not a part of my body, but suffered a shot (of an arrow), a st ab (of a spear) or a st rike (of a sword). Yet , here I am, I die on my bed j ust as t he camel dies! May t he eyes of t he cowards never t ast e sleep.'' He, may Allah be pleased wit h him, was sorry and in pain because he did not die as mart yr in bat t le. He was sad t hat he had t o die on his bed!

The Good Loan and its Reward Allah said:

ヮ⊥ ヘ∠ ハ ͡ ゅ∠ツΒ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔レジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ⇔ッ∇ゲホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや チ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ボΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや や∠ク リｚョぴ びり⇔ ゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ ゅ⇔プゅ∠バ∇ッぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ (Who is he t hat will lend t o Allah a goodly loan so t hat He may mult iply it t o him many t imes) In t his Ayah, Allah encourages His servant s t o spend in His cause. Allah ment ioned t his same Ayah in several ot her part s of His Glorious Qur'an. The Hadit h t hat ment ions t hat Allah descends (every night down on t he nearest heaven t o us when t he last t hird of t he night remains) st at es t hat Allah says:

«ュヲ⊥ヤニ ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ユ∃ Α͡ギハ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ チ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ボΑ⊥ ∇リョ∠ » (Who would give a loan t o He Who is neit her poor nor unj ust .)

Allah's st at ement :

びり⇔ ゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ ゅ⇔プゅ∠バ∇ッぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヘ∠ ハ ͡ ゅ∠ツΒ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (He may mult iply it t o him many t imes), is similar t o His st at ement :

モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ん∠ ｚョぴ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ る⊥ も∠ ∇ゅあョ る∃ ヤ∠ら⊥ レ⊥シ あモミ⊥ ヶ͡プ モ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レシ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ∇ろわ∠ ら∠ ル∠ぺ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ブ ⊥ バ͡ ⇒∠ツΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (The likeness of t hose who spend t heir wealt h in t he way of Allah, is as t he likeness of a grain (of corn); it grows seven ears, and each ear has a hundred grains. Allah gives manifold increase t o whom He wills.) (2:261) We will ment ion t his Ayah lat er on. Allah t hen said:

びテ ⊥ジ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヂ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And it is Allah t hat decreases or increases (your provisions), ) meaning, ` Spend (in Allah's cause) and do not be anxious.' Cert ainly, Allah is t he Sust ainer Who increases or decreases t he provisions t o whomever He wills among His servant s. Allah's wisdom is perfect , and,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and unt o Him you shall ret urn.) on t he Day of Resurrect ion.

ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ リ͡ョ Θ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ヴ͡プ ∇モわ͡ ⇒∠ボルぁ ゅ⇔ムヤ͡ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゑバ∠ ∇よや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚャ ヴ ｙ ら͡ レ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ⊥ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ラ͡ま ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βジ ∠ハ ∠ ∇モワ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ∠ わ͡ ⇒∠ボル⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ べ∠レ∠ャ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ゅ∠レも͡ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠

リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャゅ͡よ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャや び (246. Have you not t hought about t he group of t he Children of Israel aft er (t he t ime of) Musa When t hey said t o a Prophet of t heirs, "Appoint for us a king and we will fight in Allah's way.'' He said, "Would you t hen refrain from fight ing, if fight ing was prescribed for you'' They said, "Why should we not fight in Allah's way while we have been driven out of our homes and our children (families have been t aken as capt ives)'' But when fight ing was ordered for t hem, t hey t urned away, all except a few of t hem. And Allah is All-Aware of t he wrongdoers.)

The Story of the Jews Who sought a King to be appointed over Them Muj ahid said t hat t he Prophet (ment ioned in t he Ayah 2:246 above) is Shamwil (Samuel). Wahb bin Munabbih said: The Children of Israel remained on t he st raight pat h for a period of t ime aft er Moses. They t hen innovat ed in t he religion and some of t hem even worshipped t he idols. Yet , t here were always Prophet s sent among t hem who would command t hem t o work right eous deeds, refrain from doing evil and who would rule t hem according t o t he commands of t he Torah. When t hey (Israelit es) commit t ed t he evil t hat t hey commit t ed, Allah caused t heir enemies t o overwhelm t hem, and many fat alit ies fell among t hem as a consequence. Their enemies also capt ured a great number of t hem, and t ook over large areas of t heir land. Earlier, anyone who would fight t he Israelit es would lose, because t hey had t he Torah and t he Tabut , which t hey inherit ed generat ion aft er generat ion ever since t he t ime of Moses, who spoke t o Allah direct ly. Yet , t he Israelit es kept indulging in misguidance unt il some king t ook t he Tabut from t hem during a bat t le. That king also t ook possession of t he Torah, and only a few of t he Israelit es who memorized it remained. The prophet hood halt ed among t heir various t ribes and only a pregnant woman remained of t he offspring of Lavi (Levi), in whom t he prophet hood st ill appeared. Her husband had been killed, so t he Israelit es kept her in a house so t hat Allah may give her a boy, who would be t heir Prophet . The woman also kept invoking Allah t o grant her a boy. Allah heard her pleas and gave her a boy whom she called ` Shamwil' meaning ` Allah has heard my pleas.' Some people said t hat t he boy's name was Sham` un (Simeon), which also has a similar meaning. As t hat boy grew, Allah raised him t o be a right eous person. When he reached t he age of prophet hood, Allah revealed t o him and commanded him t o call (his people) t o Him and t o His Tawhid (Oneness). Shamwil called t he Children of Israel (t o Allah) and t hey asked him t o appoint a king over t hem so t hat t hey could fight t heir enemies under his command. The kingship had also ended among t hem. Their Prophet said t o t hem, "What if Allah appoint s a king over you, would you fulfill your vow t o fight under his command''

∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ∠ わ͡ ⇒∠ボル⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ べ∠レ∠ャ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ びゅ∠レも͡ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ィ͡ゲ∇カぺ⊥

(They said, "Why should we not fight in Allah's way while we have been driven out of our homes and our children'') meaning, ` Aft er our land had been confiscat ed and our children had been t aken from us' Allah said:

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャゅ͡よ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (But when fight ing was ordered for t hem, t hey t urned away, all except a few of t hem. And Allah is All-Aware of t he wrongdoers) meaning, only a few of t hem kept t heir promise, but t he maj orit y abandoned Jihad and Allah has full knowledge of t hem.

れ ∠ ヲ⊥ャゅ∠デ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ Βぁ ら͡ ル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ペ ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔ムヤ͡ョ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ メ ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ る⇔ バ∠ シ ∠ れ ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ マ ͡ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ͡ ∇ジイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ る⇔ ト ∠ ∇ジよ∠ ロ⊥ キ∠ や∠コヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ヘ∠ト∇タや び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ノ∀ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ム∠ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヴ͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (247. And t heir Prophet said t o t hem, "Indeed Allah has appoint ed Talut (Saul) as a king over you.'' They said, "How can he be a king over us when we are fit t er t han him for t he kingdom, and he has not been given enough wealt h.'' He said: "Verily, Allah has chosen him above you and has increased him abundant ly in knowledge and st at ure. And Allah grant s His kingdom t o whom He wills. And Allah is All-Sufficient for His creat ures' needs, All-Knower.'') When t he Israelit es asked t heir Prophet t o appoint a king over t hem, he appoint ed Talut (Saul), who was t hen a soldier. But , Talut was not a descendant of t he house of kings among t hem, which was exclusively in t he offspring of Yahudha (Judah). This is why t hey said:

びゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ぴ (How can he be a king over us) meaning, how can he be t he king for us,

リ ∠ ョあ る⇔ バ∠ シ ∠ れ ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ マ ͡ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ペ ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びメ ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや

(when we are fit t er t han him for t he kingdom, and he has not been given enough wealt h) They said t hat Talut was also poor and did not have t he wealt h t hat j ust ifies him being king. Some people st at ed t hat Talut used t o bring wat er t o t he people, while ot hers st at ed t hat his profession was dyeing skins. The Jews, t hus, disput ed wit h t heir Prophet while t hey were supposed t o obey him and t o say good words t o him. Their Prophet answered t hem:

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ヘト ∠ ∇タや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah has chosen him above you) meaning, ` Allah chose Talut from amongst you while having bet t er knowledge about him.' Their Prophet st at ed, "I did not choose Talut t o be your king on my own. Rat her, Allah has commanded t hat upon your request .'' Furt her:

びユ͡ ∇ジイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ る⇔ ト ∠ ∇ジよ∠ ロ⊥ キ∠ や∠コヱ∠ ぴ (...and has increased him abundant ly in knowledge and st at ure.) meaning, ` Talut is more knowledgeable and honorable t han you, and st ronger and more pat ient during combat , and has more knowledge of warfare. In short , he has more knowledge and is st ronger t han you are. The king should have sufficient knowledge, be fair looking and should have a st rong soul and body.' He t hen said:

び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ム∠ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヴ͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah grant s His kingdom t o whom He wills.) meaning, Allah Alone is t he Supreme Aut horit y Who does what He wills and no one can ask Him about His act ions, while t hey will be asked (about t heir act ions by Him). This is because Allah has perfect knowledge, wisdom and kindness wit h His creat ion. Allah said:

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ノ∀ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is All-Sufficient for His creat ures' needs, All-Knower.) meaning, His favor is encompassing and He grant s His mercy t o whom He wills. He also knows t hose who deserve t o be kings and t hose who do not deserve it .

れ ⊥ ヲ⊥よゅｚわャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ ム͡ ∇ヤョ⊥ る∠ Α∠ や∠￢ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ Βぁ ら͡ ル͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ⊥ や∠￢ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョあ る∀ Βｚ ボ͡ よ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∀るレ∠ Β͡ムシ ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ

る⇔ Α∠ Ε ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ メ ⊥ や∠￢ヱ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ b(248. And t heir Prophet said t o t hem: "Verily! The sign of His kingdom is t hat t here shall come t o you At -Tabut , wherein is Sakinah (peace and reassurance) from your Lord and a remnant of t hat which Musa (Moses) and Harun (Aaron) left behind, carried by t he angels. Verily, in t his is a sign for you if you are indeed believers.) Their Prophet t hen proclaimed, "The sign of t he blessings of Talut 's kingship over you is t hat Allah will give you back t he Tabut (wooden box) t hat has been t aken from you.'' Allah said:

び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∀るレ∠ Β͡ムシ ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プぴ (wherein is Sakinah from your Lord) meaning, peace (or grace) and reassurance. ` Abdur-Razzaq st at ed t hat Qat adah said:

び∀る∠レΒム͡ シ ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プぴ (wherein is Sakinah) means grace. In addit ion, Ar-Rabi` said t hat Sakinah means mercy. This is also t he meaning given by Ibn ` Abbas, as Al-` Awfi narrat ed. Allah t hen said:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ メ ⊥ や∠￢ヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ⊥ や∠￢ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョあ る∀ Βｚ ボ͡ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (...and a remnant of t hat which Musa (Moses) and Harun (Aaron) left behind,) Ibn Jarir relat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about t his Ayah:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ メ ⊥ や∠￢ヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ⊥ や∠￢ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョあ る∀ Βｚ ボ͡ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (...and a remnant of t hat which Musa (Moses) and Harun (Aaron) left behind, ) Meaning, Moses' st aff and t he remnant s of t he Tablet s. This is t he same Tafsir of Qat adah, As-Suddi, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and ` Ikrimah, who added, "And also t he Torah.'' ` Abdur-Razzaq said t hat he asked At hThawri about t he meaning of,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ メ ⊥ や∠￢ヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ⊥ や∠￢ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅヨｚ ョあ る∀ Βｚ ボ͡ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (...and a remnant of t hat which Musa (Moses) and Harun (Aaron) left behind,)

At h-Thawri said, "Some said t hat it cont ained a pot of manna and t he remnant s of t he Tablet s, while some ot hers said t hat it cont ained (Moses') st aff and t wo shoes (and refer t o 20:12).'' Allah t hen said:

びる⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ぴ (...carried by t he angels.) Ibn Jurayj st at ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The angels came down while carrying t he Tabut bet ween t he sky and t he eart h, unt il t hey placed it before Talut while t he people were wat ching.'' As-Suddi said, "The Tabut was brought t o Talut 's house, so t he people believed in t he prophet hood of Sham` un (Simeon) and obeyed Talut '' The Prophet t hen said:

び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ る⇔ Α∠ Ε ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t his is a sign for you) t est ifying t o my t rut h in what I was sent wit h, my prophet hood, and my command t o you t o obey Talut ,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡まぴ (if you are indeed believers. ) in Allah and t he Hereaft er.''

ユ⊥ムΒ͡ヤわ∠ ∇らョ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ キ͡ ヲ⊥レイ ⊥ ∇ャゅよ͡ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ャゅ∠デ モ ∠ダ ∠ プ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇トΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヶ∂レョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゆ ∠ ゲ͡ セ ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ゲ∃ ヰ∠ レ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ͡ ゼ ∠ プ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ る⇔ プ∠ ∇ゲビ ⊥ フ ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ビや リ ͡ ョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ∂レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ロ⊥ コ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ∂ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ れ ∠ ヲ⊥ャゅ∠イよ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∠ャ る∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠デ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ サ コ "Rrgjim=)p,%30(rasterロ͡ キ͡ ヲレ⊥ィヱ∠

. ( ) パ ネ ド ヅ チ ソ ス び- ポ ベ フ"Rrgkal=)p,%30(raster (249. Then when Talut set out wit h t he army, he said: "Verily, Allah will t ry you by a river. So whoever drinks t hereof, he is not of me; and whoever t ast es it not , he is of me, except him who t akes (t hereof) in t he hollow of his hand.'' Yet , t hey drank t hereof, all, except a few of t hem. So when he had crossed it (t he river), he and t hose who believed wit h him, t hey said: "We have no power t his day against Jalut (Goliat h) and his host s.'' But t hose who knew wit h cert aint y t hat t hey were going t o meet Allah, said: "How oft en has a small group overcome a might y host by Allah's leave'' And Allah is wit h As-Sabirin (t he pat ient ).) Allah st at es t hat Talut , t he king of t he Children of Israel, marched fort h wit h his soldiers and t he Israelit es who obeyed him. His army was of eight y t housand t hen, according t o As-Suddi, but Allah knows best . Talut said:

びユ⊥ムΒ͡ヤわ∠ ∇らョ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah will t ry you) meaning, He will t est you wit h a river, which flowed bet ween Jordan and Palest ine, i.e. , t he Shari` ah river, according t o Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers. He cont inued,

びヶあレョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゆ ∠ ゲ͡ セ ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (So whoever drinks t hereof, he is not of me;) meaning, shall not accompany me t oday,

びロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ る⇔ プ∠ ∇ゲビ ⊥ フ ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ビや リ ͡ ョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴあレョ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇トΑ∠ ∇ユャｚぴ (and whoever t ast es it not , he is of me, except him who t akes (t hereof) in t he hollow of his hand.) meaning, t here is no harm in t his case. Allah t hen said:

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ͡ ゼ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Yet , t hey drank t hereof, all, except a few of t hem.) Ibn Jurayj st at ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "Whoever t ook some of it (t he river's wat er) in t he hollow of his hand, quenched his t hirst ; as for t hose who drank freely from it , t heir t hirst was not quenched.'' Ibn Jarir report ed t hat Al-Bara' bin ` Azib said, "We used t o say t hat t he Companions of Muhammad who accompanied him on t he bat t le of Badr were more t han t hree hundred and t en, j ust as many as t he soldiers who crossed t he river wit h Talut . Only t hose who believed crossed t he river wit h him.'' Al-Bukhari also report ed t his.

This is why Allah said:

Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ロ⊥ コ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ びロ͡ キ͡ ヲレ⊥ィヱ∠ れ ∠ ヲ⊥ャゅ∠イよ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∠ャ る∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠デ (So when he had crossed it (t he river), he and t hose who believed wit h him, t hey said: "We have no power t his day against Jalut (Goliat h) and his host s.'') This Ayah indicat es t hat t he Israelit es (who remained wit h Saul) t hought t hat t hey were few in t he face of t heir enemy who were many t hen. So, t heir knowledgeable scholars st rengt hened t heir resolve by st at ing t hat Allah's promise is t rue and t hat t riumph comes from Allah Alone, not from t he large numbers or t he adequacy of t he supplies. They said t o t hem:

ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ り⇔ ゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ る∃ ゃ∠ プ͡ ∇ろら∠ ヤ∠ビ ∠ る∃ ヤ∠Β͡ヤホ∠ る∃ ゃ∠ プ͡ リあョ ユ∠ミぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ("How oft en has a small group overcome a might y host by Allah's leave'' And Allah is wit h AsSabirin (t he pat ient ).)

∇パゲ͡ ∇プぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ロ͡ キ͡ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヱ∠ れ ∠ ヲ⊥ャゅ∠イャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥コゲ∠ よ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲダ ⊥ ルや∠ヱ ゅ∠レョ∠ や∠ギ∇ホぺ∠ ∇ろら∂ を∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇らタ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ キ⊥ ヱ⊥ヱや∠キ モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ユ⊥ワヲ⊥ョゴ∠ ヰ∠ プ∠ -リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ゅｚヨョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ マ ∠ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ゎへ∠ヱ れ ∠ ヲ⊥ャゅ∠ィ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ⊥ ∇プキ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ⊥ク ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙや れ ͡ ギ∠ ジ ∠ ヘ∠ ャ∠ ペ ∂エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤ∇わル∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠Αへ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ -リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや Vリ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ (250. And when t hey advanced t o meet Jalut (Goliat h) and his forces, t hey invoked: "Our Lord! Pour fort h on us pat ience, and set firm our feet and make us vict orious over t he disbelieving

people.'') (251. So t hey rout ed t hem by Allah's leave and Dawud (David) killed Jalut (Goliat h), and Allah gave him (Dawud) t he kingdom aft er t he deat h of Talut and Samuel and Al-Hikmah (prophet hood), and t aught him of t hat which He willed. And if Allah did not check one set of people by means of anot her, t he eart h would indeed be full of mischief. But Allah is full of bount y t o t he ` Alamin (mankind, Jinn and all t hat exist s).) (252. These are t he verses of Allah, We recit e t hem t o you (O Muhammad ) in t rut h, and surely, you are one of t he Messengers (of Allah.) When t he fait hful part y, who were few under t he command of Talut , faced t heir enemy, who were many under t he command of Jalut ,

びや⇔ゲ∇らタ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇パゲ͡ ∇プぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (t hey invoked: "Our Lord! Pour fort h on us pat ience...'') meaning, send down pat ience on us from You.

びゅ∠レョ∠ や∠ギ∇ホぺ∠ ∇ろらあ を∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and set firm our feet ) meaning, against t he enemy and save us from running away and from feebleness,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲダ ⊥ ルや∠ヱぴ (and make us vict orious over t he disbelieving people.) Allah said:

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ユ⊥ワヲ⊥ョゴ∠ ヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So t hey rout ed t hem by Allah's leave) meaning, t hey defeat ed and overwhelmed t hem by Allah's aid and support . Then,

びれ ∠ ヲ⊥ャゅ∠ィ キ⊥ ヱ⊥ヱや∠キ モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and Dawud killed Jalut ) Israelit e account s claimed t hat (Prophet ) David killed Goliat h wit h a slingshot t hat he had, which he launched at Goliat h causing his deat h. Talut promised t hat whoever killed Jalut , would marry his daught er and would share his kingship and aut horit y. He kept his promise. Lat er, t he kingship was t ransferred t o Prophet Dawud in addit ion t o being grant ed Prophet hood by Allah. So, Allah said:

びマ ∠ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ゎへ∠ヱぴ (...and Allah gave him (Dawud) t he kingdom) t hat Talut had and,

び͡る∠ヨ⇒⇒∇ム͡エ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and Al-Hikmah) t hat comes wit h t he prophet hood, meaning, aft er Shamwil. Allah t hen said:

び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t aught him of t hat which He willed.) meaning, what He willed of t he knowledge t hat He best owed on (Prophet ) Dawud. Next , Allah said:

れ ͡ ギ∠ ジ ∠ ヘ∠ ャ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ⊥ ∇プキ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びチ ⊥ ∇ケΕ ∠や (And if Allah did not check one set of people by means of anot her, t he eart h would indeed be full of mischief.) This Ayah indicat es t hat if it were not for t he fact t hat Allah checks one set of people wit h anot her, such as when Talut and t he bravery of Dawud helped t he Children of Israel (against Goliat h), t hen people would have perished. Similarly, Allah said:

∇ろ∠ョギあ ヰ⊥ ャｚ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ⊥ ∇プキ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ユ⊥ シや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゲ⊥ ミ∠ ∇グΑ⊥ ギ⊥ イ ͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ヱ∠ れ ∀ ヲ∠ ヤ∠タ ∠ ヱ∠ ノ∀ Β∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ノ⊥ ョ͡ ヲ∠ タ ∠ びや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (For had it not been t hat Allah checks one set of people by means of anot her, monast eries, churches, synagogues, and Masj ids, wherein t he Name of Allah is ment ioned much, would surely, have been pulled down.) (22:40) Allah t hen said:

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ⊥ク ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (But Allah is full of bount y t o t he ` Alamin (mankind, Jinn and all t hat exist s)) meaning, by His mercy and favor He fixes some of t hem by some ot hers. Surely, Allah has t he wisdom, t he supreme aut horit y and t he clear proof against His creat ion in all of His act ions and st at ement s. Allah said:

リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤ∇わ∠ル ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠Αへ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや (These are t he verses of Allah, We recit e t hem t o you (O Muhammad ) in t rut h, and surely, you are one of t he Messengers (of Allah).) This Ayah st at es, ` These Ayat (verses) of Allah t hat We have narrat ed for you in t rut h conform t o t he exact manner t hat t hese st ories have occurred and t o t he t rut h t hat st ill remain in t he (Divine) Books t hat t he scholars of t he Children of Israel have and know. Allah said: O Muhammad,

びマ ∠ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (you are)

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ぴ (one of t he Messengers (of Allah)) emphat ically st at ing t he t rut h of his prophet hood

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤツ ｚ プ∠ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ぁゲャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ノ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ∠ ヤｚミ∠ リｚョ サ ͡ ギ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ャや ゥ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲよ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ギΑｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ユ͡ワギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ∠ わ∠ わ∠ ∇ホや ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや リ ͡ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ

∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠わ∠わ∇ホや ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リｚョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ び ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ (253. Those Messengers! We preferred some of t hem t o ot hers; t o some of t hem Allah spoke (direct ly); ot hers He raised t o degrees (of honor); and t o ` Isa, t he son of Maryam, We gave clear proofs and evidences, and support ed him wit h Ruh-il-Qudus Jibril . If Allah had willed, succeeding generat ions would not have fought against each ot her, aft er clear Verses of Allah had come t o t hem, but t hey differed some of t hem believed and ot hers disbelieved. If Allah had willed, t hey would not have fought against one anot her, but Allah does what He wills.)

Allah Honored Some Prophets Above Others Allah st at es t hat He has honored some Prophet s t o ot hers. For inst ance, Allah said,

ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤツ ｚ プ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びや⇔ケヲ⊥よコ∠ ∠キヱ⊥ヱや∠キ (And indeed, We have preferred some of t he Prophet s above ot hers, and t o Dawud We gave t he Zabur (Psalms)) 17:55 . In t he Ayah above, Allah said,

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤツ ｚ プ∠ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ぁゲャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ ヤｚミ∠ リｚョ (Those Messengers! We preferred some of t hem t o ot hers; t o some of t hem Allah spoke (direct ly)) meaning, Musa and Muhammad , and also Adam according t o a Hadit h recorded in Sahih Ibn Hibban from Abu Dharr.

びろ ∃ ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ノ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Ot hers He raised t o degrees (of honor)) as is evident in t he Hadit h about t he Isra' j ourney, when t he Messenger of Allah saw t he Prophet s in t he various heavens according t o t heir rank wit h Allah. If somebody asks about t he collect ive meaning of t his Ayah and t he Hadit h t hat t he Two Sahihs collect ed from Abu Hurayrah which st at es, "Once, a Muslim man and a Jew had an argument and t he Jew said, ` No, by Him Who gave Musa superiorit y over all human beings!' Hearing him,

t he Muslim man raised his hand and slapped t he Jew on his face and said, ` Over Muhammad t oo, O evil one!' The Jew went t o t he Prophet and complained t o him and t he Prophet said,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボバ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥ヤツ あ ヘ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ギ⊥ ィ ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ∩⊥ペΒ͡ヘΑ⊥ ∇リョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ミほ∠プ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ヶ͡ヤ∇らホ∠ ベ ∠ ゅ∠プぺ∠ ヵ͡ケ∇キ∠ぺ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩͡ス∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや る͡ ヨ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ボよ͡ ゅ⇔ゼデ ͡ ゅ∠よ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥ヤツ あ ヘ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∨͡ケヲぁトャや る͡ ボ∠ ∇バダ ∠ よ͡ ヵ ∠ コ͡ ヲ⊥ィ «￢ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや (Don't give me superiorit y above t he Prophet s, for t he people will become unconscious on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and I will be t he first t o be resurrect ed t o see Musa holding on t o t he pillar of Allah's Throne. I will not know whet her t he unconsciousness Musa suffered on t he Day of t he Trumpet sufficed for him, or if he got up before me. So, do not give me superiorit y above t he Prophet s.) In anot her narrat ion, t he Prophet said, (Do not give superiorit y t o some Prophet s above ot hers.) The answer t o t his quest ion is t hat t his Hadit h prohibit s preferring some Prophet s above ot hers in cases of disput e and argument , such as t he incident ment ioned in t he Hadit h. The Hadit h indicat es t hat it is not up t o creat ion t o decide which Prophet is bet t er, for t his is Allah's decision. The creat ion is only required t o submit t o, obey and believe in Allah's decision. Allah's st at ement ,

びろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢∠ヱぴ (And We gave ` Isa, t he son of Maryam, clear signs) refers t o t he proofs and unequivocal evidences t hat t est ify t o t he t rut h t hat ` Isa delivered t o t he Children of Israel, t hus t est ifying t hat he was Allah's servant and His Messenger t o t hem.

びサ ͡ ギ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ャや ゥ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲよ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ギΑｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And support ed him wit h Ruh-il-Qudus) meaning Allah aided ` Isa wit h Jibil, peace be upon him. Allah t hen said,

ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ユ͡ワギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ∠ わ∠ わ∠ ∇ホや ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや リ ͡ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ び∇やヲ⊥ヤわ∠ わ∠ ∇ホや ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リｚョ ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ (If Allah had willed, succeeding generat ions would not have fought against each ot her, aft er clear Verses of Allah had come t o t hem, but t hey differed some of t hem believed and ot hers disbelieved. If Allah had willed, t hey would not have fought against one anot her.) meaning all t his happened by Allah's decree, and t his is why He said next ,

びギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (But Allah does what He wills.)

モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ム⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ∀る∠バ⇒∠ヘ∠セ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀るヤｚカ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∀ノ∇Β∠よ Ι ｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや∠ヱ (254. O you who believe! Spend of t hat wit h which We have provided for you, before a Day comes when t here will be no bargaining, nor friendship, nor int ercession. And it is t he disbelievers who are t he wrongdoers.) Allah commands His servant s t o spend for His sake, in t he pat h of right eousness, from what He has grant ed t hem, so t hat t hey acquire and keep t he reward of t his right eous deed wit h t heir Lord and King. Let t hem rush t o perform t his deed in t his life,

び∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リあョぴ (before a Day comes) meaning, t he Day of Resurrect ion,

び∀る∠バ⇒∠ヘ∠セ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀るヤｚカ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∀ノ∇Β∠よ Ι ｚぴ (when t here will be no bargaining, nor friendship, nor int ercession.)

This Ayah indicat es t hat on t hat Day, no one will be able t o bargain on behalf of himself or ransom himself wit h any amount , even if it was t he eart h's fill of gold; nor will his friendship or relat ion t o anyone benefit him. Similarly, Allah said,

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠ジル∠ぺ Κ ∠ プ∠ ケ͡ ヲぁダャや ヴ͡プ オ ∠ ヘ͡ ル⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジわ∠ Α∠ (Then, when t he Trumpet is blown, t here will be no kinship among t hem t hat Day, nor will t hey ask of one anot her) 23:101 .

び∀る∠バ⇒∠ヘ∠セ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Nor int ercession) meaning, t hey will not benefit by t he int ercession of anyone. Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and it is t he disbelievers who are t he wrongdoers) indicat es t hat no inj ust ice is worse t han meet ing Allah on t hat Day while a disbeliever. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` At a' bin Dinar said, "All t hanks are due t o Allah Who said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and it is t he disbelievers who are t he wrongdoers) but did not say, ` And it is t he wrongdoers who are t he disbelievers.'''

る∀ レ∠ シ ͡ ロ⊥ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ュ⊥ ヲぁΒボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやぴ リ∠ョ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ れ ͡ や∠ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ル Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠ク ゅ∠ヨよ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リョあ ￢∃ ∇ヶゼ ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥トΒ͡エΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ や∠ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ぁΒシ ͡ ∇ゲミ⊥ ノ∠ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ び ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ぁ ヤ͡バ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ∇ヘェ ͡ ロ⊥ キ⊥ ヱ⊥ぽΑ∠ (255. Allah! None has t he right t o be worshipped but He, t he Ever Living, t he One Who sust ains and prot ect s all t hat exist s. Neit her slumber nor sleep overt akes Him. To Him belongs what ever is in t he heavens and what ever is on t he eart h. Who is he t hat can int ercede wit h Him except wit h His permission He knows what happens t o t hem (His creat ures) in t his world, and what will happen t o t hem in t he Hereaft er. And t hey will never compass anyt hing of His Knowledge except t hat which He wills. His Kursi ext ends over t he heavens and t he eart h, and He feels no fat igue in guarding and preserving t hem. And He is t he Most High, t he Most Great .)

The Virtue of Ayat Al-Kursi This is Ayat Al-Kursi and t remendous virt ues have been associat ed wit h it , for t he aut hent ic Hadit h describes it as ` t he great est Ayah in t he Book of Allah.' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Ubayy bin Ka` b said t hat t he Prophet asked him about t he great est Ayah in t he Book of Allah, and ` Ubayy answered, "Allah and His Messenger know bet t er.'' When t he Prophet repeat ed his quest ion several t imes, ` Ubayy said, "Ayat Al-Kursi.'' The Prophet comment ed,

ラ ｚ ま͡ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∩͡ケグ͡ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠よ∠ぺ ユ⊥ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ レ͡ ∇ヰΒ∠ ャ͡» ベ ͡ ゅ∠シ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ マ ∠ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや サ ⊥ あギボ∠ ゎ⊥ ∩͡リ∇Βわ∠ ヘ∠ セ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ジャ͡ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ «ス∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや (Congrat ulat ions for having knowledge, O Abu Al-Mundhir! By He in Whose Hand is my soul! This Ayah has a t ongue and t wo lips wit h which she praises t he King (Allah) next t o t he leg of t he Throne.) This Hadit h was also collect ed by Muslim, but he did not include t he part t hat st art s wit h, "By He in Whose Hand...'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Ayyub said t hat he had some dat es and a Ghoul used t o t ake some, and he complained t o t he Prophet . The Prophet said t o him, "When you see her, say, ` In t he Name of Allah, answer t o t he Messenger of Allah'.'' Abu Ayyub said t hat when she came again, he said t hese words and he was able t o grab her. She begged, "I will not come again,'' so Abu Ayyub released her. Abu Ayyub went t o t he Prophet and t he Prophet asked him, "What did your prisoner do'' Abu Ayyub said, "I grabbed her and she said t wice, ` I will not come again,' and I released her.'' The Prophet said, "She will come back.'' Abu Ayyub said, "So I grabbed her t wice or t hree t imes, yet each t ime I would release her when she vowed not t o come back. I would go t o t he Prophet who would ask me, ` What is t he news of your prisoner' I would say, ` I grabbed her, t hen released her when she said t hat she would not ret urn.' The Prophet would say t hat she would ret urn. Once, I grabbed her and she said, ` Release me and I will t each you somet hing t o recit e so t hat no harm t ouches you, t hat is, Ayat Al-Kursi.' Abu Ayyub went t o t he Prophet and t old him, and t he Prophet said, "She is liar, but she t old t he t rut h.'' At -Tirmidhi

recorded t his Hadit h in t he chapt er of t he virt ues of t he Qur'an and said, "Hasan Gharib.'' In Arabic, ` Ghoul' refers t o t he Jinn when t hey appear at night . Al-Bukhari recorded a similar st ory in his Sahih from Abu Hurayrah, in t he chapt ers on t he virt ues of t he Qur'an and t he descript ion of Shayt an. In t his narrat ion, Abu Hurayrah said, "Allah's Messenger assigned me t o keep wat ch over t he Sadaqah (charit y) of Ramadan. A person snuck in and st art ed t aking handfuls of foodst uff. I caught him and said, ` By Allah, I will t ake you t o Allah's Messenger.' He said, ` Release me, for I am meek and have many dependent s and am in great need.' I released him, and in t he morning Allah's Messenger asked me, ` What did your prisoner do yest erday, O Abu Hurayrah' I said, ` O Allah's Messenger! He complained of being needy and of having many dependent s, so I pit ied him and let him go.' Allah's Messenger said, ` Indeed, he t old you a lie and will be coming again.' I believed t hat he would show up again, for Allah's Messenger had t old me t hat he would ret urn. So, I wat ched for him. When he (showed up and) st art ed st ealing handfuls of foodst uff, I caught hold of him again and said, ` I will definit ely t ake you t o Allah's Messenger.' He said, ` Leave me, for I am very needy and have many dependent s. I promise I will not come back again.' I pit ied him and let him go. In t he morning Allah's Messenger asked me, ` What did your prisoner do last night , O Abu Hurayrah!' I replied, ` O Allah's Messenger! He complained of his great need and of t oo many dependent s, so I t ook pit y on him and set him free.' Allah's Messenger said, ` Verily, he t old you a lie; he will ret urn.' I wait ed for him at t ent ively for t he t hird t ime, and when he (came and) st art ed st ealing handfuls of t he foodst uff, I caught hold of him and said, ` I will surely t ake you t o Allah's Messenger as it is t he t hird t ime you promised not t o ret urn, yet you ret urned.' He said, ` Let me t each you some words which Allah will give you benefit from.' I asked, ` What are t hey' He replied, ` Whenever you go t o bed, recit e Ayat Al-Kursi- Allahu la ilaha illa Huwal-HayyulQayyum, t ill you finish t he whole verse. (If you do so), Allah will appoint a guard for you who will st ay wit h you, and no Shayt an will come near you unt il morning.' So, I released him. In t he morning, Allah's Messenger asked, ` What did your prisoner do yest erday' I replied, ` O Allah's Messenger! He claimed t hat he would t each me some words by which Allah will grant me some benefit , so I let him go.' Allah's Messenger asked, ` What are t hey' I replied, ` He said t o me: Whenever you go t o bed, recit e Ayat Al-Kursi from t he beginning t o t he end, Allahu la ilaha illa Huwal-Hayyul-Qayyum. He furt her said t o me: (If you do so), Allah will appoint a guard for you who will st ay wit h you, and no Shayt an will come near you unt il morning.' (One of t he narrat ors) t hen comment ed t hat t hey (t he Companions) were very keen t o do good deeds. The Prophet said, ` He spoke t he t rut h, alt hough he is a liar. Do you know whom you were t alking t o, t hese t hree night s, O Abu Hurayrah' Abu Hurayrah said, ` No.' He said, ` It was Shayt an.''' AnNasa'i also recorded t his Hadit h in Al-Yawm wa Al-Laylah.

Allah's Greatest Name is in Ayat Al-Kursi Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Asma' bint Yazid bin As-Sakan said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah say about t hese t wo Ayat ,

び ュ⊥ ヲぁΒボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやぴ (Allah! None has t he right t o be worshipped but He, t he Ever Living, t he One Who sust ains and prot ect s all t hat exist s) 2:255 , and,

びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ユャやぴ

(Alif-Lam-Mim. Allah! None has t he right t o be worshipped but He, t he Ever Living, t he One Who sust ains and prot ect s all t hat exist s) 3:1-2 ,

«ユ∠ヌ∇ハほ∠∇ャや ぶ ͡ や ユ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ Β͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡» (They cont ain Allah's Great est Name.) This is also t he narrat ion collect ed by Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah, and At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih''. Furt her, Ibn Marduwyah recorded t hat Abu Umamah report ed t hat t he Prophet said,

ヶ͡プ ∩∠ゆゅ∠ィぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヶ ∠ハ ͡ キ⊥ や∠クま͡ ヵ͡グャｚや ∩⊥ユヌ ∠ ∇ハほ∠∇ャや ぶ ͡ や ユ⊥ ∇シや» «ヮデ∠ヱ ラ ∠ や∠ゲ∇ヨハ ͡ メ ͡ へ∠ヱ り͡ ゲ∠ ボ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや り͡ ケ∠ ヲ⊥シ :ゐ ∃ ゅ∠ヤを∠ (Allah's Great est Name, if He was supplicat ed wit h it , He answers t he supplicat ion, is in t hree Surahs - Al-Baqarah, Al ` Imran and Ta-Ha.) Hisham bin ` Ammar, t he Khat ib (orat or) of Damascus (one of t he narrat ors in t he above narrat ion), said, "As for Al-Baqarah, it is in,

び ュ⊥ ヲぁΒボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやぴ (Allah! None has t he right t o be worshipped but He, t he Ever Living, t he One Who sust ains and prot ect s all t hat exist s) 2:255 ; in Al ` Imran, it is in,

びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ユャやぴ (Alif-Lam-Mim. Allah! None has t he right t o be worshipped but He, t he Ever Living, t he One Who sust ains and prot ect s all t hat exist s) 3:1-2 , while in Ta-Ha, it is in,

びュ͡ ヲぁΒボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ あエ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヲ⊥ ∇ャや ろ ͡ レ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And (all) faces shall be humbled before (Allah), t he Ever Living, t he One Who sust ains and prot ect s all t hat exist s) 20:111 .''

Ayat Al-Kursi has Ten Complete Arabic Sentences 1. Allah's statement,

びヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやぴ (Allah! None has t he right t o be worshipped but He) ment ions t hat Allah is t he One and Only Lord of all creat ion. 2. Allah's st at ement ,

びュ⊥ ヲぁΒボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (Al-Hayyul-Qayyum) t est ifies t hat Allah is t he Ever Living, Who never dies, Who sust ains everyone and everyt hing. All creat ion st ands in need of Allah and t ot ally relies on Him, while He is t he Most Rich, Who st ands in need of not hing creat ed. Similarly, Allah said,

びロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ュ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And among His signs is t hat t he heaven and t he eart h st and by His command) Allah's st at ement ,

30:25 . 3.

び∀ュ∇ヲ∠ル Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る∀ レ∠ シ ͡ ロ⊥ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (Neit her slumber nor sleep overt akes Him) means, no short coming, unawareness or ignorance ever t ouches Allah. Rat her, He is aware of, and cont rols what every soul earns, has perfect wat ch over everyt hing, not hing escapes His knowledge, and no secret mat t er is secret t o Him. Among His perfect at t ribut es, is t he fact t hat He is never effect ed by slumber or sleep. Therefore, Allah's st at ement ,

びる∀ レ∠ シ ͡ ロ⊥ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (Neit her slumber overt akes Him) indicat es t hat no unawareness due t o slumber ever overt akes Allah. Allah said aft erwards,

び∀ュ∇ヲ∠ル Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor sleep), which is st ronger t han slumber. It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat Abu Musa said, "The Messenger of Allah delivered a speech regarding four words:

∩∠ュゅ∠レΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヶ͡ピら∠ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ュゅ∠レΑ∠ Κ∠ヰヤヤ∠ヰヤャや ラ ｚ ま͡» ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ノ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ∩⊥ヮバ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ テ ∠ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャや ヂ ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ガΑ∠

∩͡ケゅヰ∠ レｚ ャや モ ͡ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャや モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡モ∇Βヤｚャや モ ͡ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ れ ⊥ ゅ∠エら⊥ シ ⊥ ∇ろホ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ェほ∠ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヘ∠ ゼ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ケ⊥ ヲぁレャや ヮ⊥ よ⊥ ゅ∠イェ ͡ «ヮ͡ボ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ ∠ よ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ヰわ∠ ∇ルや ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ (Allah does not sleep, and it does not befit His maj est y t hat He sleeps. He lowers t he scales and raises t hem. The deeds of t he day are resurrect ed in front of Him before t he deeds of t he night , and t he deeds of t he night before t he deeds of t he day. His Veil is light , or fire, and if He removes it , t he rays from His Face would burn what ever His sight reaches of His creat ion.) 4. Allah's st at ement ,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ れ ͡ や∠ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚャぴ (To Him belongs what ever is in t he heavens and what ever is on t he eart h) indicat es t hat everyone is a servant for Allah, a part of His kingdom and under His power and aut horit y. Similarly, Allah said,

ヴ͡ゎへ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ぁモミ⊥ ラ͡まぴ - や⇔ギ∂ ハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギｚ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚ - や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや び や⇔キ∇ゲプ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ͡ヮΒ͡ゎや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ ヱ∠ (There is none in t he heavens and t he eart h but comes unt o t he Most Gracious (Allah) as a servant . Verily, He knows each one of t hem, and has count ed t hem a full count ing. And everyone of t hem will come t o Him alone on t he Day of Resurrect ion (wit hout any helper, or prot ect or or defender)) 19:93-95 . 5. Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠ク リ∠ョぴ (Who is he t hat can int ercede wit h Him except wit h His permission) is similar t o His st at ement s,

∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘセ ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ピゎ⊥ Ι ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ マ ∃ ヤ∠ョｚ リあョ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ク∠ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ び (And t here are many angels in t he heavens, whose int ercession will avail not hing except aft er Allah has given leave for whom He wills and is pleased wit h) 53:26 , and,

びヴ∠ツゎ∠ ∇ケや リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヘ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (They cannot int ercede except for him wit h whom He is pleased) 21:28 . These Ayat assert Allah's great ness, pride, and grace, and t hat no one dares t o int ercede wit h Him on behalf of anyone else, except by His permission. Indeed, t he Hadit h about t he int ercession, st at es t hat t he Prophet said,

ゅ∠ョ ヶ͡レハ ⊥ ギ∠ Β∠ プ∠ ∩や⇔ギィ ͡ ゅ∠シ ゲぁ カ ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ヶ͡ゎへ» ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∠マシ ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ∇ノプ∠ ∇ケや :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ .ヶ͡レハ ∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇キほ⊥プ∠ や６ギェ ∠ ヶ͡ャ ギぁ エ ⊥ Β∠ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ノヘｚ ゼ ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ノヘ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ∩∇ノヨ∠ ∇ジゎ⊥ «るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや (I will st and under t he Throne and fall in prost rat ion, and Allah will allow me t o remain in t hat posit ion as much as He wills. I will t hereaft er be t old, "Raise your head, speak and you will be heard, int ercede and your int ercession will be accept ed''. The Prophet t hen said, "He will allow me a proport ion whom I will ent er int o Paradise.'') 6. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ぴ (He knows what happens t o t hem (His creat ures) in t his world, and what will happen t o t hem in t he Hereaft er) t his refers t o His perfect knowledge of all creat ion; it s past , present and fut ure. Similarly, Allah said t hat t he angels proclaimed;

ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ゅ∠レΑ͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ⊥ ゴｚ レ∠ わ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔Β∂ ジ ͡ ル∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅョ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ヘ∇ヤ∠カ (And we (angels) descend not except by t he command of your Lord (O Muhammad ). To Him belongs what is before us and what is behind us, and what is bet ween t hose t wo; and your Lord is never forget ful) 19:64 . 7. Allah's st at ement ,

び￢∠ べ∠セ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リョあ ￢∃ ∇ヶゼ ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥トΒ͡エΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will never compass anyt hing of His Knowledge except t hat which He wills), assert s t he fact t hat no one at t ains any part of Allah's knowledge except what Allah conveys and allows. This part of t he Ayah indicat es t hat no one ever acquires knowledge of Allah and in His At t ribut es, except what He conveys t o t hem. For inst ance, Allah said,

びゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥トΒ͡エΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (But t hey will never compass anyt hing of His knowledge) 20: 110 . 8. Allah said,

びチ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ や∠ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ぁΒシ ͡ ∇ゲミ⊥ ノ∠ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (His Kursi ext ends over t he heavens and t he eart h.) Waki` narrat ed in his Tafsir t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Kursi is t he foot st ool, and no one is able t o give due considerat ion t o Allah's Throne.'' Al-Hakim recorded t his Hadit h in his Must adrak from Ibn ` Abbas, who did not relat e it t o t he Prophet . Al-Hakim said, "It is Sahih according t o t he crit eria of t he Two Sahihs, and t hey (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) did not record it .'' In addit ion, Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "If t he seven heavens and t he seven eart hs were flat t ened and laid side by side, t hey would add up t o t he size of a ring in a desert , compared t o t he Kursi.'' 9. Allah said,

びゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ∇ヘェ ͡ ロ⊥ キ⊥ ヱ⊥ぽΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He feels no fat igue in guarding and preserving t hem) meaning, it does not burden or cause Him fat igue t o prot ect t he heavens and eart h and all t hat is in bet ween t hem. Rat her, t his is an easy mat t er for Him. Furt her, Allah sust ains everyt hing, has perfect wat ch over everyt hing, not hing ever escapes His knowledge and no mat t er is ever a secret t o Him. All mat t ers are insignificant , modest and humble before Him. He is t he Most Rich, wort hy of all praise. He does what He wills, and no one can ask Him about what He does, while t hey will be asked. He has supreme power over all t hings and perfect alert ness concerning everyt hing. He is t he Most High, t he Great est , t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Him, and no Lord ot her t han Him.

10. Allah's st at ement ,

びユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ぁ ヤ͡バ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He is t he Most High, t he Most Great ) is similar t o His st at ement ,

びメ ͡ ゅ∠バわ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Β͡ら∠ム∇ャやぴ (t he Most Great , t he Most High) 13:9 . These and similar Ayat and aut hent ic Hadit hs about Allah's At t ribut es must be t reat ed t he way t he Salaf (right eous ancest ors) t reat ed t hem by accept ing t heir apparent meanings wit hout equat ing t hem wit h t he at t ribut es of t he creat ion or alt ering t heir apparent meanings.

∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ヶ あ ピ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ギ⊥ ∇セぁゲャや リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎｚ ギ∠ホ リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ͡プ ロ∠ や∠ゲ∇ミま͡ Ι ∠ぴ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シや ギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ͡ョ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚトャゅ͡よ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ダヘ͡ ルや Ι ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇をヲ⊥ ∇ャや り͡ ヱ∠ ∇ゲバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ び (256. There is no compulsion in religion. Verily, t he right pat h has become dist inct from t he wrong pat h. Whoever disbelieves in Taghut and believes in Allah, t hen he has grasped t he most t rust wort hy handhold t hat will never break. And Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower.)

No Compulsion in Religion Allah said,

びリ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ͡プ ロ∠ や∠ゲ∇ミま͡ Ι ∠ぴ (There is no compulsion in religion), meaning, "Do not force anyone t o become Muslim, for Islam is plain and clear, and it s proofs and evidence are plain and clear. Therefore, t here is no need t o force anyone t o embrace Islam. Rat her, whoever Allah direct s t o Islam, opens his heart for it and enlight ens his mind, will embrace Islam wit h cert aint y. Whoever Allah blinds his heart and seals his hearing and sight , t hen he will not benefit from being forced t o embrace Islam.''

It was report ed t hat t he Ansar were t he reason behind revealing t his Ayah, alt hough it s indicat ion is general in meaning. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat before Islam , "When (an Ansar) woman would not bear children who would live, she would vow t hat if she gives birt h t o a child who remains alive, she would raise him as a Jew. When Banu An-Nadir (t he Jewish t ribe) were evacuat ed from Al-Madinah , some of t he children of t he Ansar were being raised among t hem, and t he Ansar said, ` We will not abandon our children.' Allah revealed,

びヶ あ ピ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ギ⊥ ∇セぁゲャや リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎｚ ギ∠ホ リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ͡プ ロ∠ や∠ゲ∇ミま͡ Ι ∠ぴ (There is no compulsion in religion. Verily, t he right pat h has become dist inct from t he wrong pat h.)'' Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i also recorded t his Hadit h. As for t he Hadit h t hat Imam Ahmad recorded, in which Anas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t o a man,

«ユ͡ヤ∇シぺ∠» メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔ワケ͡ ゅ∠ミ ヶ͡ルギ⊥ ィ ͡ ぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ:

«ゅ⇔ワケ͡ ゅ∠ミ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ » ("Embrace Islam.'' The man said, "I dislike it .'' The Prophet said, "Even if you dislike it .'') First , t his is an aut hent ic Hadit h, wit h only t hree narrat ors bet ween Imam Ahmad and t he Prophet . However, it is not relevant t o t he subj ect under discussion, for t he Prophet did not force t hat man t o become Muslim. The Prophet merely invit ed t his man t o become Muslim, and he replied t hat he does not find himself eager t o become Muslim. The Prophet said t o t he man t hat even t hough he dislikes embracing Islam, he should st ill embrace it , ` for Allah will grant you sincerit y and t rue int ent .'

Tawhid is the Most Trustworthy Handhold Allah's st at ement ,

マ ∠ ジ ∠ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シや ギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ͡ョ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚトャゅ͡よ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨ∠シ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ダヘ͡ ルや Ι ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇をヲ⊥ ∇ャや り͡ ヱ∠ ∇ゲバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ (Whoever disbelieves in Taghut and believes in Allah, t hen he has grasped t he most t rust wort hy handhold t hat will never break. And Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower) is in reference t o,

"Whoever shuns t he rivals of Allah, t he idols, and t hose t hat Shayt an calls t o be worshipped besides Allah, whoever believes in Allah's Oneness, worships Him alone and t est ifies t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Him, t hen

びヴ∠ボ∇をヲ⊥ ∇ャや り͡ ヱ∠ ∇ゲバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シや ギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t hen he has grasped t he most t rust wort hy handhold.) Therefore, t his person will have acquired firmness in t he religion and proceeded on t he correct way and t he st raight pat h. Abu Al-Qasim Al-Baghawi recorded t hat ` Umar said, "Jibt means magic, and Taghut means Shayt an. Verily, courage and cowardice are t wo inst inct s t hat appear in men, t he courageous fight s for t hose whom he does not know and t he coward runs away from defending his own mot her. Man's honor resides wit h his religion and his st at us is based upon his charact er, even if he was Persian or Nabat ian.'' ` Umar's st at ement t hat Taghut is Shayt an is very sound, for t his meaning includes every t ype of evil t hat t he ignorant people of Jahiliyyah (pre Islamic era of ignorace) fell int o, such as worshipping idols, referring t o t hem for j udgement , and invoking t hem for vict ory. Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ヰャ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ダヘ͡ ルや Ι ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇をヲ⊥ ∇ャや り͡ ヱ∠ ∇ゲバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シや ギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t hen he has grasped t he most t rust wort hy handhold t hat will never break) means, "He will have hold of t he t rue religion wit h t he st rongest grasp.'' Allah equat ed t his adherence t o t he firm handhold t hat never breaks because it is built solid and because it s handle is firmly connect ed. This is why Allah said here,

びゅ∠ヰャ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ダヘ͡ ルや Ι ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇をヲ⊥ ∇ャや り͡ ヱ∠ ∇ゲバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シや ギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t hen he has grasped t he most t rust wort hy handhold t hat will never break.) Muj ahid said, "The most t rust wort hy handhold is Iman (fait h).'' As-Suddi said t hat it refers t o Islam. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Qays bin ` Abbad said, "I was in t he Masj id when a man whose face showed signs of humbleness came and prayed t wo Rak` ahs t hat were modest in lengt h. The people said, ` This is a man from among t he people of Paradise.' When he left , I followed him unt il he ent ered his house, and I ent ered it aft er him and spoke wit h him. When he felt at ease, I said t o him, ` When you ent ered t he Masj id, t he people said such and such t hings.' He said, ` All praise is due t o Allah! No one should say what he has no knowledge of. I will t ell you why t hey said t hat . I saw a vision during t he t ime of t he Messenger of Allah, and I narrat ed it t o him. I saw t hat I was in a green garden, ' and he described t he garden's plant s and spaciousness, ` and t here was an iron pole in t he middle of t he garden affixed in t he eart h and it s t ip reached t he sky. On it s t ip, t here was a handle, and I was t old t o ascend t he pole. I said, ` I cannot .' Then a helper came and raised my robe from behind and said t o me, ` Ascend.' I ascended unt il I grasped t he handle and he said t o me, ` Hold on t o t he handle.' I awoke from t hat dream wit h t he handle in my hand. I went t o t he Messenger of Allah and t old him about t he vision and he said,

キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨバ∠ ∇ャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ュゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや る⊥ ッ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ プ∠ る⊥ ッ ∠ ∇ヱｚゲャや ゅｚョぺ∠» ∩ヴ∠ボ∇をヲ⊥ ∇ャや り⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ゲバ⊥ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ り⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ゲバ⊥ ∇ャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ュゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨバ∠ プ∠ «れヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ (As for t he garden, it represent s Islam; as for t he pole, it represent s t he pillar of Islam; and t he handle represent s t he most t rust wort hy handhold. You shall remain Muslim unt il you die.) This Companion was ` Abdullah bin Salam.'' This Hadit h was also collect ed in t he Two Sahihs; and Al-Bukhari also recorded it wit h anot her chain of narrat ion.

ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ヰィ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヶ ぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやぴ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚトャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ケ͡ ヲぁレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ケ͡ ヲぁレャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒプ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ (257. Allah is t he Wali (Prot ect or or Guardian) of t hose who believe. He brings t hem out from darknesses int o light . But as for t hose who disbelieve, t heir Awliya' (support ers and helpers) are Taghut (false deit ies and false leaders), t hey bring t hem out from light int o darknesses. Those are t he dwellers of t he Fire, and t hey will abide t herein forever.) Allah st at ed t hat whoever follows what pleases Him, He will guide him t o t he pat hs of peace, t hat is Islam, or Paradise. Verily, Allah delivers His believing servant s from t he darkness of disbelief, doubt and hesit at ion, t o t he light of t he plain, clear, explained, easy and unequivocal t rut h. He also st at ed t hat Shayt an is t he support er of t he disbelievers who beaut ifies t he pat hs of ignorance and misguidance t hat t hey follow, t hus causing t hem t o deviat e from t he t rue pat h int o disbelief and wickedness.

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺぴ (Those are t he dwellers of t he Fire, and t hey will abide t herein forever.) This is why Allah ment ioned t he light in t he singular while ment ioned t he darkness in t he plural, because t rut h is one, while disbelief comes as several t ypes, all of which are false. Similarly, Allah said,

∇やヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヶ͡デゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚタヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ベ ∠ ゲｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ プ∠ モ ∠ ら⊥ ジ ぁ ャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ (And verily, t his is my st raight pat h, so follow it , and follow not (ot her) pat hs, for t hey will separat e you away from His pat h. This He has ordained for you t hat you may have Taqwa) 6:153 ,

びケ∠ ヲぁレャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And originat ed t he darknesses and t he light ) 6:1 , and,

びリ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヤニ ͡ぴ (t o t he right and t o t he left s) 16: 48 . There are many ot her Ayat on t he subj ect t hat ment ion t he t rut h in t he singular and falsehood in t he plural, because of falsehood's many divisions and branches.

ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ゎへ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ͡ ヴ͡プ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ァ ｚ べ∠ェ ン͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ろ ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヶ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ マ ∠ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ろ ⊥ Β͡ョぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヴ ͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゆ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほプ∠ ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャゅ͡よ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ン͡グャｚや ろ ∠ ヰ͡ ら⊥ プ∠ (258. Have you not looked at him who disput ed wit h Ibrahim about his Lord (Allah), because Allah had given him t he kingdom When Ibrahim said (t o him): "My Lord is He Who gives life and causes deat h.'' He said, "I give life and cause deat h.'' Ibrahim said, "Verily, Allah brings t he sun from t he east ; t hen bring it you from t he west .'' So t he disbeliever was ut t erly defeat ed. And Allah guides not t he people, who are wrongdoers.)

The Debate Between Ibrahim Al-Khalil and King Nimrod

The king who disput ed wit h Ibrahim was King Nimrod, son of Canaan, son of Kush, son of Sam, son of Noah, as Muj ahid st at ed. It was also said t hat he was Nimrod, son of Falikh, son of ` Abir, son of Shalikh, son of Arfakhshand, son of Sam, son of Noah. Muj ahid said, "The kings who ruled t he east ern and west ern part s of t he world are four, t wo believers and t wo disbelievers. As for t he t wo believing kings, t hey were Sulayman bin Dawud and Dhul-Qarnayn. As for t he t wo disbelieving kings, t hey were Nimrod and Nebuchadnezzar.'' Allah knows best . Allah said,

びゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Have you not looked) meaning, "Wit h your heart , O Muhammad!''

びヮ͡ よあ ケ͡ ヴ͡プ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ァ ｚ べ∠ェ ン͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (at him who disput ed wit h Ibrahim about his Lord) meaning, about t he exist ence of Allah. Nimrod denied t he exist ence of a god ot her t han himself, as he claimed, j ust as Fir` awn said lat er t o his people,

びン͡ゲ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (I know not t hat you have a god ot her t han me) 28:38 . What made Nimrod commit t his t ransgression, ut t er disbelief and arrant rebellion was his t yranny and t he fact t hat he ruled for a long t ime. This is why t he Ayah cont inued,

びマ ∠ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ゎへ ∇ラぺ∠ぴ (Because Allah had given him t he kingdom. ) It appears t hat Nimrod asked Ibrahim t o produce proof t hat Allah exist s. Ibrahim replied,

びろ ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ング͡ ャｚや ヶ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ぴ (My Lord is He Who gives life and causes deat h) meaning, "The proof of Allah's exist ence is t he creat ions t hat exist aft er t hey were not hing and perish aft er t hey had exist ed. This only proves t he exist ence of t he Creat or, Who does what He wills, for t hese t hings could not have occurred on t heir own wit hout a Creat or who creat ed t hem, and He is t he Lord t hat I call t o for worship, Alone wit hout a part ner.'' This is when Nimrod said,

びろ ⊥ Β͡ョぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヴ ͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ ゅ∠ル∠ぺぴ (I give life and cause deat h.) Qat adah, Muhammad bin Ishaq and As-Suddi said t hat he meant , "Two men who deserved execut ion were t o be brought before me, and I would command t hat one of t hem be killed, and he would be killed. I would command t hat t he second man be pardoned, and he would be pardoned. This is how I bring life and deat h.'' However, it appears t hat since Nimrod did not deny t he exist ence of a Creat or, his st at ement did not mean what Qat adah said it meant . This explanat ion does not provide an answer t o what Ibrahim said. Nimrod arrogant ly and defiant ly claimed t hat he was t he creat or and pret ended t hat it was he who brings life and deat h. Lat er on, Fir` awn imit at ed him and announced,

びン͡ゲ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (I know not t hat you have a god ot her t han me) 28: 38 . This is why Ibrahim said t o Nimrod,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほプ∠ ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ びゆ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや (Verily, Allah brings t he sun from t he east ; t hen bring it you from t he west .) This Ayah means, "You claim t hat it is you who brings life and deat h. He who brings life and deat h cont rols t he exist ence and creat es what ever is in it , including cont rolling it s planet s and t heir movement s. For inst ance, t he sun rises everyday from t he east . Therefore, if you were god, as you claimed, bringing life and deat h, t hen bring t he sun from t he west .'' Since t he king was aware of his weakness, inadequacy and t hat he was not able t o reply t o Ibrahim's request , he was idle, silent and unable t o comment . Therefore, t he proof was est ablished against him. Allah said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah guides not t he people, who are wrongdoers) meaning, Allah deprives t he unj ust people of any valid proof or argument . Furt hermore, t heir false proof and argument s are annulled by t heir Lord, and t hey have earned His anger and will suffer severe t orment . The meaning t hat we provided is bet t er t han t he meaning t hat some philosophers offered, claiming t hat Ibrahim used t he second argument because it was clearer t han t he first one. Rat her, our explanat ion assert s t hat Ibrahim refut ed bot h claims of Nimrod, all praise is due t o Allah.

As-Suddi st at ed t hat t he debat e bet ween Ibrahim and Nimrod occurred aft er Ibrahim was t hrown in t he fire, for Ibrahim did not meet t he king before t hat day.

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∀ Α∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠カ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲｚ ョ∠ ン͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ ゅ∠ヰゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ヴｚルぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヰセ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲハ ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ろ ∠ ∇んら͡ ャ∠ ∇ユミ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ん∠ バ∠ よ∠ ｚユを⊥ ュ∃ ゅ∠ハ る∠ も∠ ∇ゅョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョほ∠プ∠ ュ∃ ゅ∠ハ る∠ も∠ ∇ゅョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇んら͡ ャｚ モ∠よ メ ∠ ゅホ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルや∠ヱ ∇ヮレｚ ジ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ や∠ゲセ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルや∠ヱ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ マ ∠ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇イレ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヨェ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨ∠ヤ∠プ ゅ⇔ヨ∇エャ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ジ∇ムル∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠ワゴ⊥ ゼ ͡ レ⊥ル ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠ヌバ͡ ャや び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ (259. Or like t he one who passed by a t own in ruin up t o it s roofs. He said: "How will Allah ever bring it t o life aft er it s deat h'' So Allah caused him t o die for a hundred years, t hen raised him up (again). He said: "How long did you remain (dead)'' He (t he man) said: "(Perhaps) I remained (dead) a day or part of a day.'' He said: "Nay, you have remained (dead) for a hundred years, look at your food and your drink, t hey show no change; and look at your donkey! And t hus We have made of you a sign for t he people. Look at t he bones, how We bring t hem t oget her and clot he t hem wit h flesh.'' When t his was clearly shown t o him, he said, "I know (now) t hat Allah is able t o do all t hings.'')

The Story of ` Uzayr Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ よあ ケ͡ ヴ͡プ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ァ ｚ べ∠ェ ン͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Have you not looked at him who disput ed wit h Ibrahim about his Lord) means, "Have you seen anyone like t he person who disput ed wit h Ibrahim about his Lord'' Then, Allah connect ed t he Ayah,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∀ Α∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠カ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲｚ ョ∠ ン͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ びゅ∠ヰセ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲハ ⊥ (Or like t he one who passed by a t own in ruin up t o it s roofs) t o t he Ayah above by using ` or'. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Ali bin Abi Talib said t hat t he Ayah 2:259 meant ` Uzayr. Ibn Jarir also report ed it , and t his explanat ion was also report ed by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hat im from Ibn ` Abbas, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, As-Suddi and Sulayman bin Buraydah. Muj ahid bin Jabr said t hat t he Ayah refers t o a man from t he Children of Israel, and t he village was Jerusalem, aft er Nebuchadnezzar dest royed it and killed it s people.

びる∀ Α∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠カ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (in ruin) means, it became empt y of people. Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ヰセ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲハ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ぴ (up t o it s roofs) indicat es t hat t he roofs and walls (of t he village) fell t o t he ground. ` Uzayr st ood cont emplat ing about what had happened t o t hat cit y, aft er a great civilizat ion used t o inhabit it . He said,

びゅ∠ヰゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ヴｚルぺ∠ぴ (Oh! How will Allah ever bring it t o life aft er it s deat h) because of t he ut t er dest ruct ion he saw and t he implausibilit y of it s ret urning t o what it used t o be. Allah said,

びヮ⊥ ん∠ バ∠ よ∠ ｚユを⊥ ュ∃ ゅ∠ハ る∠ も∠ ∇ゅョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So Allah caused him t o die for a hundred years, t hen raised him up (again).) The cit y was rebuilt sevent y years aft er t he man (` Uzayr) died, and it s inhabit ant s increased and t he Children of Israel moved back t o it . When Allah resurrect ed ` Uzayr aft er he died, t he first organ t hat He resurrect ed were his eyes, so t hat he could wit ness what Allah does wit h him, how He brings life back t o his body. When his resurrect ion was complet e, Allah said t o him, meaning t hrough t he angel,

びュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ろ ∠ ∇んら͡ ャ∠ ∇ユミ∠ ぴ

("How long did you remain (dead)'' He (t he man) said: "(Perhaps) I remained (dead) a day or part of a day.'') The scholars said t hat since t he man died in t he early part of t he day and Allah resurrect ed him in t he lat t er part of t he day, when he saw t hat t he sun was st ill apparent , he t hought t hat it was t he sun of t hat very day. He said,

ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プ ュ∃ ゅ∠ハ る∠ も∠ ∇ゅョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇んら͡ ャｚ モ∠よ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ び∇ヮレｚ ジ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ や∠ゲセ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ("Or part of a day. '' He said: "Nay, you have remained (dead) for a hundred years, look at your food and your drink, t hey show no change.'') He had grapes, figs and j uice, and he found t hem as he left t hem; neit her did t he j uice spoil nor t he figs become bit t er nor t he grapes rot .

びポ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヨェ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルや∠ヱぴ (And look at your donkey!), "How Allah brings it back t o life while you are wat ching.''

びサ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ マ ∠ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇イレ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hus We have made of you a sign for t he people) t hat Resurrect ion occurs.

びゅ∠ワゴ⊥ ゼ ͡ レ⊥ル ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠ヌバ͡ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルや∠ヱぴ (Look at t he bones, how We Nunshizuha) meaning, collect t hem and put t hem back t oget her. In his Must adrak, Al-Hakim, recorded t hat Kharij ah bin Zayd bin Thabit said t hat his fat her said t hat t he Messenger of Allah read t his Ayah,

びゅ∠ワゴ⊥ ゼ ͡ レ⊥ル ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ぴ (how We Nunshizuha.) Al-Hakim said; "It s chain is Sahih and t hey (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) did not record it .'' The Ayah was also read, (

)

"Nunshiruha'' meaning, bring t hem back t o life, as Muj ahid st at ed.

びゅ⇔ヨ∇エ∠ャ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ジ∇ム∠ル ｚユを⊥ ぴ (And clot he t hem wit h flesh. ) As-Suddi said, " ` Uzayr observed t he bones of his donkey, which were scat t ered all around him t o his right and left , and Allah sent a wind t hat collect ed t he bones from all over t he area. Allah t hen brought every bone t o it s place, unt il t hey formed a full donkey made of fleshless bones. Allah t hen covered t hese bones wit h flesh, nerves, veins and skin. Allah sent an angel who blew life in t he donkeys' nost rils, and t he donkey st art ed t o bray by Allah's leave.'' All t his occurred while ` Uzayr was wat ching, and t his is when he proclaimed,

び∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said, "I know (now) t hat Allah is able t o do all t hings,'') meaning, "I know t hat , and I did wit ness it wit h my own eyes. Therefore, I am t he most knowledgeable in t his mat t er among t he people of my t ime.''

ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇エゎ⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヴ͡ルケ͡ ぺ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヴ͡ら∇ヤ∠ホ リ ｚ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トΒ∠ ャあ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ͡ョ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィや ｚユを⊥ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚリワ⊥ ∇ゲダ ⊥ プ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ る⇔ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇グガ ⊥ プ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ハ ⊥ ∇キや ｚユを⊥ や⇔￢∇ゴィ ⊥ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ∇レョあ モ ∃ ら∠ ィ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ ゅ⇔Β∇バシ ∠ (260. And (remember) when Ibrahim said, "My Lord! Show me how You give life t o t he dead.'' He (Allah) said: "Do you not believe'' He (Ibrahim) said: "Yes (I believe), but t o be st ronger in fait h.'' He said: "Take four birds, t hen cause t hem t o incline t owards you (t hen slaught er t hem, cut t hem int o pieces), and t hen put a port ion of t hem on every hill, and call t hem, t hey will come t o you in hast e. And know t hat Allah is All-Might y, All-Wise.'')

The Khalil Supplicates to Allah to Show Him How He Resurrects the Dead The scholars said t hat t here are reasons behind t his request by Ibrahim. For inst ance, when Ibrahim said t o Nimrod,

びろ ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヶ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ぴ

e(My Lord (Allah) is He Who gives life and causes deat h,) he want ed t o solidify his knowledge about resurrect ion by act ually wit nessing it wit h his eyes. Prophet Ibrahim said,

リ͡ョ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇エゎ⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヴ͡ルケ͡ ぺ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ びヴ͡ら∇ヤ∠ホ リ ｚ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トΒ∠ ャあ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ("My Lord! Show me how You give life t o t he dead.'' He (Allah) said: "Do you not believe'' He (Ibrahim) said: "Yes (I believe), but t o be st ronger in fait h.'') Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ∇リョ͡ マ あゼ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ペ ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ » リ͡ョ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇エゎ⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヴ͡ルケ͡ ぺ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ びヴ͡ら∇ヤ∠ホ リ ｚ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トΒ∠ ャあ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ (We are more liable t o be in doubt t han Ibrahim when he said, "My Lord! Show me how You give life t o t he dead.'' Allah said, "Don't you believe'' Ibrahim said, "Yes (I believe), but (I ask) in order t o be st ronger in fait h.'') The Prophet 's st at ement in t he Hadit h means, "We are more liable t o seek cert aint y.''

The Answer to Al-Khalil's Request Allah said,

びマ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚリワ⊥ ∇ゲダ ⊥ プ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ る⇔ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇グガ ⊥ プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "Take four birds, t hen cause t hem t o incline t owards you.'') Scholars of Tafsir disagreed over t he t ype of birds ment ioned here, alt hough t his mat t er in not relevant due t o t he fact t hat t he Qur'an did not ment ion it . Allah's st at ement ,

びマ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚリワ⊥ ∇ゲダ ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (cause t hem t o incline t owards you) means, cut t hem t o pieces. This is t he explanat ion of Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Abu Malik, Abu Al-Aswad Ad-Dili, Wahb bin Munabbih, AlHasan and As-Suddi. Therefore, Ibrahim caught four birds, slaught ered t hem, removed t he

feat hers, t ore t he birds t o pieces and mixed t he pieces t oget her. He t hen placed part s of t hese mixed pieces on four or seven hills. Ibn ` Abbas said, "Ibrahim kept t he heads of t hese birds in his hand. Next , Allah commanded Ibrahim t o call t he birds t o him, and he did as Allah commanded him. Ibrahim wit nessed t he feat hers, blood and flesh of t hese birds fly t o each ot her, and t he part s flew each t o t heir bodies, unt il every bird came back t o life and came walking at a fast pace t owards Ibrahim, so t hat t he example t hat Ibrahim was wit nessing would become more impressive. Each bird came t o collect it s head from Ibrahim's hand, and if he gave t he bird anot her head t he bird refused t o accept it . When Ibrahim gave each bird it s own head, t he head was placed on it s body by Allah's leave and power. '' This is why Allah said,

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱぴ (And know t hat Allah is All-Might y, All-Wise) and no one can overwhelm or resist Him. What ever Allah wills, occurs wit hout hindrance, because He is t he All-Might y, Supreme above all t hings, and He is Wise in His st at ement s, act ions, legislat ion and decrees. ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Ma` mar said t hat Ayyub said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on what Ibrahim said,

びヴ͡ら∇ヤホ∠ リ ｚ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トΒ∠ ャあ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but t o be st ronger in Fait h), "To me, t here is no Ayah in t he Qur'an t hat brings more hope t han t his Ayah.'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Muhammad bin Al-Munkadir said t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas met ` Abdullah bin ` Amr bin Al-` As and said t o him, "Which Ayah in t he Qur'an carries more hope for you'' Ibn ` Amr said,

Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び∇やヲ⊥トレ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ (Say: "O ` Ibadi (My servant s) who have t ransgressed against t hemselves (by commit t ing evil deeds and sins)! Despair not .) 39:53 . Ibn ` Abbas said, "But I say t hat it is Allah's st at ement ,

ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇エゎ⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヴ͡ルケ͡ ぺ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びヴ∠ヤよ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ (And (remember) when Ibrahim said, "My Lord! Show me how You give life t o t he dead.'' He (Allah) said: "Do you not believe'' He (Ibrahim) said: "Yes (I believe)...)

Allah accept ed Ibrahim's affirmat ion when he merely said, ` Yes.' This Ayah refers t o t he doubt s t hat at t ack t he heart and t he t hought s t hat Shayt an inspires.'' Al-Hakim also recorded t his in AlMust adrak and said; "It s chain is Sahih but t hey did not record it .''

モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ん∠ ｚョぴ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ る⊥ も∠ ∇ゅあョ る∃ ヤ∠ら⊥ レ⊥シ あモミ⊥ ヶ͡プ モ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レシ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ∇ろわ∠ ら∠ ル∠ぺ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ノ∀ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ブ ⊥ バ͡ ⇒∠ツΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (261. The parable of t hose who spend t heir wealt h in t he way of Allah, is t hat of a grain (of corn); it grows seven ears, and each ear has a hundred grains. Allah gives manifold increase t o whom He wills. And Allah is All-Sufficient for His creat ures' needs, All-Knower.)

Rewards of Spending in Allah's Cause This is a parable t hat Allah made of t he mult iplicat ion of rewards for t hose who spend in His cause, seeking His pleasure. Allah mult iplies t he good deed t en t o seven hundred t imes. Allah said,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ん∠ ｚョぴ (The parable of t hose who spend t heir wealt h in t he way of Allah...) Sa` id bin Jubayr comment ed, "Meaning spending in Allah's obedience.'' Makhul said t hat t he Ayah means, "Spending on Jihad, on horse st alls, weapons and so fort h.'' The parable in t he Ayah is more impressive on t he heart t han merely ment ioning t he number seven hundred. This Ayah indicat es t hat Allah ` grows' t he good deeds for it s doers, j ust as He grows t he plant for whoever sows it in fert ile land. The Sunnah also ment ions t hat t he deeds are mult iplied up t o seven hundred folds. For inst ance, Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Mas` ud said t hat a man once gave away a camel, wit h it s bridle on, in t he cause of Allah and t he Messenger of Allah said,

«る∠ョヲ⊥ト∇ガョ∠ る∃ ホ∠ ゅ∠ル る͡ も∠ ゅ͡ヨバ͡ ∇らジ ∠ よ͡ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ｚ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほわ∠ ャ∠» (On t he Day of Resurrect ion, you will have seven hundred camels wit h t heir bridles.) Muslim and An-Nasa'i also recorded t his Hadit h, and Muslim's narrat ion reads, "A man brought a camel wit h it s bridle on and said, ` O Messenger of Allah! This is in t he sake of Allah.' The Messenger said,

«る∠ホゅ∠ル る͡ も∠ ゅ͡ヨバ⊥ ∇らシ ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠»

(You will earn seven hundred camels as reward for it on t he Day of Resurrect ion. ) Anot her Hadit h: Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゲ͡ ゼ ∠ バ∠ よ͡ る⊥ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや ∩⊥ブハ ∠ ゅ∠ツΑ⊥ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ͡ ∇よや モ ͡ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ » ∩⊥ぶや ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ゅ∠ョ ヴャ͡ま ∩∃ブ∇バッ ͡ る͡ も∠ ゅ͡ヨバ͡ ∇らシ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∩ゅ∠ヰャ͡ゅ∠ん∇ョぺ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ヵ͡ゴ∇ィぺ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ャ ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲダ ｚ ャや ゅｚャま͡ :ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ユ͡ も͡ ゅｚダヤ͡ャヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ヤ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ヰセ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ネ ⊥ ギ∠ Α∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ボャ͡ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ る∀ ェ ∠ ∇ゲプ∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇トプ͡ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ る∀ ェ ∠ ∇ゲプ∠ :ラ ͡ ゅ∠わェ ∠ ∇ゲプ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ょ ⊥ Β∠ ∇デぺ∠ ユ͡ も͡ ゅｚダャや ユ͡ プ∠ フ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤガ ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮよあ ケ∠ «るｚレィ ⊥ ュ⊥ ヲｚダャや ∩∀るレｚ ィ ⊥ ュ⊥ ∇ヲｚダャや ∩͡マ∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ウ ͡ Α͡ケ (Every good deed t hat t he son of Adam performs will be mult iplied t en folds, t o seven hundred folds, t o many ot her folds, t o as much as Allah wills. Allah said, "Except t he fast , for it is for Me and I will reward for it . One abandons his food and desire in My sake.'' The fast ing person has t wo t imes of happiness: when he breaks his fast and when he meet s his Lord. Verily, t he odor t hat comes from t he mout h of whoever fast s is more pure t o Allah t han t he scent of musk. Fast ing is a shield (against sinning), fast ing is a shield.) Muslim recorded t his Hadit h. Allah's st at ement ,

び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ブ ⊥ バ͡ ⇒∠ツΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (Allah gives manifold increase t o whom He wills) is according t o t he person's sincerit y in his deeds.

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ノ∀ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is All-Sufficient for His creat ures' needs, All-Knower) meaning, His Favor is so wide t hat it encompasses much more t han His creat ion, and He has full knowledge in whoever deserves it , or does not deserve it . All t he praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ ∇わΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ∂ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ン⇔ク∠ぺ Ι∠ヱ ゅ∂レ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠ョ ∀フヱ⊥ゲ∇バョｚ ∀メ∇ヲ∠ホ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ ヴ ｘ レ͡ ビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ン⇔ク∠ぺ べ∠ヰバ⊥ ら∠ ∇わΑ∠ る∃ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ リ∂ョ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ムわ͡ ⇒∠ホギ∠ タ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤト ͡ ∇らゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ェ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ￢べ∠もケ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ョ ペ ⊥ ヘ͡ レ⊥Α ン͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ン∠ク∇Ιや∠ヱ リ ∂ ヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∃ や∠ヲ∇ヘタ ∠ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ヨ∠ プ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡ ∇Ιや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ や⇔ギ∇ヤ∠タ ヮ⊥ ミ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ∀モ͡よや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タほ∠プ∠ ∀ゆや∠ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚヨョ∂ ￢∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや (262. Those who spend t heir wealt h in t he cause of Allah, and do not follow up t heir gift s wit h reminders of t heir generosit y or wit h inj ury, t heir reward is wit h t heir Lord. On t hem shall be no fear, nor shall t hey grieve.) (263. Kind words and forgiving of fault s are bet t er t han Sadaqah (charit y) followed by inj ury. And Allah is Rich (free of all needs) and He is Most Forbearing.) (264. O you who believe! Do not render in vain your Sadaqah (charit y) by reminders of your generosit y or by inj ury, like him who spends his wealt h t o be seen of men, and he does not believe in Allah, nor in t he Last Day. His likeness is t he likeness of a smoot h rock on which is a lit t le dust ; on it falls heavy rain which leaves it bare. They are not able t o do anyt hing wit h what t hey have earned. And Allah does not guide t he disbelieving people.)

To Remind About Charity Given is Forbidden Allah praises t hose who spend from t heir money in His cause, and t hen refrain from reminding t hose who received t he charit y of t hat fact , whet her t hese hint s t ake t he form of words or act ions. Allah's st at ement ,

びン⇔ク∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(or wit h inj ury), indicat es t hat t hey do not cause harm t o t hose whom t hey gave t he charit y t o, for t his harm will only annul t he charit y. Allah next promised t hem t he best rewards for t his good deed,

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (t heir reward is wit h t heir Lord), indicat ing t hat Allah Himself will reward t hem for t hese right eous act ions. Furt her,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (On t hem shall be no fear) regarding t he horrors of t he Day of Resurrect ion,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor shall t hey grieve) regarding t he offspring t hat t hey leave behind and t he adornment and delight s of t his world. They will not feel sorry for t his, because t hey will acquire what is far bet t er for t hem. Allah t hen said,

びフ ∀ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バョｚ ∀メ∇ヲ∠ホぴ (Kind words) meaning, compassionat e words and a supplicat ion for Muslims,

びり∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and forgiving) meaning, forgiving an inj ust ice t hat t ook t he form of act ions or words,

びン⇔ク∠ぺ べ∠ヰバ⊥ ら∠ ∇わΑ∠ る∃ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ リあョ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カぴ (are bet t er t han Sadaqah (charit y) followed by inj ury.)

びヴ ｘ レ͡ ビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is Rich) not needing His creat ion,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ェぴ (Most Forbearing) forgives, releases and pardons t hem. There are several Hadit hs t hat prohibit reminding people of act s of charit y. For inst ance, Muslim recorded t hat Abu Dharr said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤム∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∀る∠をゅ∠ヤ∠を» ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ⊥ ゅｚレヨ∠ ∇ャや :∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ Βあミゴ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ユ͡ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ブ ͡ ヤ͡エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ わ∠ バ∠ ∇ヤシ ͡ ペ ⊥ あヘレ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥ロケ∠ や∠コま͡ モ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩ヴ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ «ゆ͡クゅ∠ム∇ャや (Three persons whom Allah shall neit her speak t o on t he Day of Resurrect ion nor look at nor purify, and t hey shall receive a painful t orment : he who reminds (t he people) of what he gives away, he who lengt hens his clot hes below t he ankles and he who swears an oat h while lying, t o sell his merchandise.) This is why Allah said,

リ あ ヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ムわ͡ ⇒∠ホギ∠ タ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤト ͡ ∇らゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ びンク∠ Ι ｘ や∠ヱ (O you who believe! Do not render in vain your Sadaqah (charit y) by reminders of your generosit y or by inj ury) st at ing t hat t he charit y will be rendered in vain if it is followed by harm or reminders. In t his case, t he reward of giving away charit y is not sufficient enough t o nullify t he harm and reminders. Allah t hen said,

びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや ￢∠ べ∠もケ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ョ ペ ⊥ ヘ͡ レ⊥Α ン͡グャｚゅ∠ミぴ (like him who spends his wealt h t o be seen of men) meaning, "Do not nullify your act s of charit y by following t hem wit h reminders and harm, j ust like t he charit y of t hose who give it t o show off t o people.'' The boast ing person pret ends t o give away charit y for Allah's sake, but in realit y seeks t o gain people's praise and t he reput at ion of being kind or generous, or ot her mat erial gains of t his life. All t he while, he does not t hink about Allah or gaining His pleasure and generous rewards, and t his is why Allah said,

びゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and he does not believe in Allah, nor in t he Last Day.) Allah next set t he example of whoever gives charit y t o show off. Ad-Dahhak comment ed t hat t he example fit s one who follows his act s of charit y wit h reminders or harm. Allah said,

びラ ∃ や∠ヲ∇ヘタ ∠ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (His likeness is t he likeness of Safwan) where Safwan, from is Safwanah, meaning ` t he smoot h rocks,'

び∀モ͡よや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タほ∠プ∠ ∀ゆや∠ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ぴ (on which is lit t le dust ; on it falls a Wabil) meaning, heavy rain,

びや⇔ギ∇ヤ∠タ ヮ⊥ ミ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ぴ (which leaves it bare.) This Ayah means t hat heavy rain left t he Safwan complet ely barren of dust . Such is t he case wit h Allah's act ion regarding t he work of t hose who show off, as t heir deeds are bound t o vanish and disappear, even t hough people t hink t hat t hese deeds are as plent iful as specks of dust . So Allah said,

Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱケ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ Ι ｚぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヵ͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ (They are not able t o do anyt hing wit h what t hey have earned. And Allah does not guide t he disbelieving people.)

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや れ ͡ ゅ∠ッ∇ゲョ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヰよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ り∃ ヲ∠ ∇よゲ∠ よ͡ る∃ レｚ ィ ∠ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ ゅ⇔わΒ͡ら∇んゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∀モ͡よや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ∇らダ ͡ Α⊥ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βヘ∠ ∇バッ ͡ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ミ⊥ ぺ⊥ ∇ろゎ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∀モ͡よや∠ヱ び ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ モ ｘト ∠ プ∠

(265. And t he parable of t hose who spend t heir wealt h seeking Allah's pleasure while t hey in t heir own selves are sure and cert ain t hat Allah will reward t hem (for t heir spending in His cause), is t hat of a garden on a height ; heavy rain falls on it and it doubles it s yield of harvest . And if it does not receive heavy rain, light rain suffices it . And Allah is All-Seer (knows well) of what you do.) This is t he example of t he believers who give away charit y seeking only Allah's pleasure,

び∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ ゅ⇔わΒ͡ら∇んゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (while t hey in t heir own selves are sure and cert ain) meaning, t hey are cert ain t hat Allah shall reward t hem for t hese right eous act s wit h t he best rewards. Similarly, in a Hadit h collect ed by Al-Bukhari and Muslim, t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ゅ⇔よゅ∠ジわ͡ ∇ェや∠ヱ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ラ ∠ ゅ∠ツョ∠ ケ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠タ ∇リョ∠ » (Whoever fast s Ramadan wit h fait h and expect at ion...) meaning, believing t hat Allah commanded t he fast , all t he while await ing His reward for fast ing it . Allah's st at ement ,

びり∃ ヲ∠ ∇よゲ∠ よ͡ る∃ レｚ ィ ∠ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (is t hat of a garden on a Rabwah) means, t he example of a garden on ` a height above t he ground', as t he maj orit y of scholars have st at ed. Ibn ` Abbas and Ad-Dahhak added t hat it also has flowing rivers. Allah's st at ement ,

び∀モ͡よや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ぴ (Wabil falls on it ) means, heavy rain as we st at ed, So it produces it s,

びゅ∠ヰヤ⊥ミ⊥ ぺ⊥ぴ (yield of harvest ) meaning, fruit s or produce,

びリ ͡ ∇Βヘ∠ ∇バッ ͡ ぴ (doubles), as compared t o ot her gardens.

びモ ｘト ∠ プ∠ ∀モ͡よや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ∇らダ ͡ Α⊥ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (And if it does not receive Wabil, a Tall suffices it .) Ad-Dahhak said t hat t he ` Tall' is light rain. The Ayah indicat es t hat t he garden on t he Rabwah is always fert ile, for if heavy rain does not fall on it , light rain will suffice for it . Such is t he case regarding t he believer's good deeds, for t hey never become barren. Rat her, Allah accept s t he believer's right eous deeds and increases t hem, each according t o his deeds. This is why Allah said next ,

び∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is All-Seer of what you do) meaning, none of His servant s' deeds ever escapes His perfect wat ch.

ゆ ∃ ゅ∠レ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ∃ Β͡ガルｚ リあョ ∀るレｚ ∠ィ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ キぁ ヲ∠ Α∠ ぺ∠ぴ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ んｚ ャや あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΕ ∠ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ べ∠ヰよ∠ ゅ∠タほ∠プ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヘバ∠ ッ ⊥ ∀るΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ム͡ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ヱ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ∇ろホ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ェゅ∠プ ∀ケゅ∠ル ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∀ケゅ∠ダ∇ハ͡ま びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΓや (266. Would any of you wish t o have a garden wit h dat e palms and vines, wit h rivers flowing underneat h, and all kinds of fruit s for him t herein, while he is st riken wit h old age, and his children are weak (not able t o look aft er t hemselves), t hen it is st ruck wit h a fiery whirlwind, so t hat it is burnt Thus does Allah make clear His Ayat t o you t hat you may give t hought .)

The Example of Evil Deeds Nullifying Good Deeds Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas and ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr said t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab asked t he Companions of t he Messenger of Allah, "According t o your opinion, about whom was t his Ayah revealed,

モ ∃ Β͡ガルｚ リあョ ∀るレｚ∠ィ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ キぁ ヲ∠ Α∠ ぺ∠ぴ びゆ ∃ ゅ∠レ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠

(Would any of you wish t o have a garden wit h dat e palms and vines...).'' They said, "Allah knows best .'' ` Umar became angry and said, "Say we know or we do not know.'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "O Leader of t he Fait hful! I have an opinion about it .'' ` Umar said, "O my nephew! Say your opinion and do not belit t le yourself.'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "This is an example set for a deed.'' ` Umar said, "What t ype of deed'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "For a wealt hy man who works in Allah's pleasure and t hen Allah sends Shayt an t o him, and he works in disobedience, unt il he annuls his good works.'' This Hadit h suffices as an explanat ion for t he Ayah, for it explains t he example it set s by a person who does good first and t hen follows it wit h evil, may Allah save us from t his end. So, t his man annulled his previous good works wit h his lat t er evil works. When he desperat ely needed t he deeds of t he former t ype, t here were none. This is why Allah said,

べ∠ヰよ∠ ゅ∠タほ∠プ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヘバ∠ ッ ⊥ ∀るΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ム͡ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∀ケゅ∠ダ∇ハ͡ま (while he is st riken wit h old age, and his children are weak (not able t o look aft er t hemselves), t hen it is st ruck wit h a whirlwind) wit h heavy wind,

び∇ろホ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ェゅ∠プ ∀ケゅ∠ル ヮ͡ Β͡プぴ (t hat is fiery, so t hat it is burnt ) meaning, it s fruit s were burnt and it s t rees were dest royed. Therefore, what will his condit ion be like Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Allah has set a good parable, and all His parables are good. He said,

ゆ ∃ ゅ∠レ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ∃ Β͡ガルｚ リあョ ∀るレｚ ∠ィ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ キぁ ヲ∠ Α∠ ぺ∠ぴ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΕ ∠ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ びれ ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ んｚ ャや (Would any of you wish t o have a garden wit h dat e palms and vines, wit h rivers flowing underneat h, and all kinds of fruit s for him t herein.) But he lost all t his in his old age,

びゲ⊥ ら∠ ム͡ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(while he is st riken wit h old age) while his offspring and children are weak j ust before t he end of his life. Then a light ning st orm came and dest royed his garden. Then he did not have t he st rengt h t o grow anot her garden, nor did his offspring offer enough help. This is t he condit ion of t he disbeliever on t he Day of Resurrect ion when he ret urns t o Allah, for he will not have any good deeds t o provide an excuse - or refuge - for him, j ust as t he man in t he parable had no st rengt h t o replant t he garden. The disbeliever will not find anyt hing t o resort t o for help, j ust as t he offspring of t he man in t he parable did not provide him wit h help. So he will be deprived of his reward when he most needs it , j ust as t he man in t he parable was deprived of Allah's garden when he most needed it , when he became old and his offspring weak.'' In his Must adrak, Al-Hakim recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o say in his supplicat ion,

ヶあレシ ͡ ゲ͡ ら∠ ミ͡ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ヶ ∠ ヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ ホ͡ ∇コケ͡ ノ∠ シ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» «ヵ͡ゲヨ⊥ ハ ⊥ ￢͡ ゅ∠ツボ͡ ∇ルや∠ヱ (O Allah! Make Your biggest provision for me when I am old in age and at t he t ime my life ends.) This is why Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΓや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや リ ⊥ Βあ ら⊥Α マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミぴ (Thus Allah makes clear t o you His Laws in order t hat you may give t hought ) meaning, comprehend and underst and t he parables and t heir int ended implicat ions. Similarly, Allah said,

Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰヤ⊥ボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ゅ∠ヰよ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツル∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ん∇ョΙ ｘや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠バ∇ャや (And t hese similit udes We put forward for mankind; but none will underst and t hem except t hose who have knowledge (of Allah and His signs)) 29:43 .

∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ ろ ͡ ⇒∠らΒ∂ デ ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヨｚ Β∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケ∇Ιや リ ∠ ョ∂ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ べｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱ ラ∠ぺ Ι͡ま ヮ͡ Α͡グカ ͡ ほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥わ∇ジャ∠ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゑ ∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ヶ ｘ レ͡ ビ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ツヨ͡ ∇ピゎ⊥

ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢べ∠ゼ∇エヘ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ミゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ボヘ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノ͡シヱ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ Κ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レ∂ョ り⇔ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ユ⊥ミギ⊥ ͡バ∠Α ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや れ ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや ヴゎ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ぴ びょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ ∠ や ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ミｚ グｚ ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ (267.O you who believe! Spend of t he good t hings which you have (legally) earned, and of t hat which We have produced from t he eart h for you, and do not aim at t hat which is bad t o spend from it , (t hough) you would not accept it save if you close your eyes and t olerat e t herein. And know t hat Allah is Rich (free of all needs), and wort hy of all praise.) (268. Shayt an t hreat ens you wit h povert y and orders you t o commit Fahsha' (evil deeds) whereas Allah promises you forgiveness from Himself and bount y, and Allah is All-Sufficient for His creat ures' needs, AllKnower.) (269. He grant s Hikmah t o whom He wills, and he, t o whom Hikmah is grant ed, is indeed grant ed abundant good. But none remember (will receive admonit ion) except men of underst anding.)

The Encouragement to Spend Honest Money for Allah's Sake Allah commands His believing servant s t o spend in charit y, as Ibn ` Abbas st at ed, from t he pure, honest money t hat t hey earned and from t he fruit s and veget ables t hat He has grown for t hem in t he land. Ibn ` Abbas said, "Allah commanded t hem t o spend from t he purest , finest and best t ypes of t heir money and prohibit ed spending from evil and dishonest money, because Allah is pure and good and only accept s t hat which is pure and good.'' This is why Allah said,

びゑ ∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨヨｚ Β∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and do not aim at t hat which is bad) meaning, filt hy (impure) money,

びヮ͡ Α͡グカ ͡ ほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥わ∇ジャ∠ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ぴ (t o spend from it , (t hough) you would not accept it ) meaning, "If you were given t his t ype, you would not t ake it , except if you t olerat e t he deficiency in it . Verily, Allah is far Richer t han you, He is in no need of t his money, so do not give, for His sake, what you would dislike for yourselves.'' It was report ed t hat ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゑ ∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨヨｚ Β∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and do not aim at t hat which is bad t o spend from it ) means, "Do not spend from t he dishonest , impure money inst ead of t he honest , pure money.'' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Al-Bara' bin ` Azib comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ ろ ͡ ⇒∠らΒあ デ ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヨｚ Β∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ べｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゑ ∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや (O you who believe! Spend of t he good t hings which you have (legally) earned, and of t hat which We have produced from t he eart h for you, and do not aim at t hat which is bad t o spend from it ,) t hat it was revealed about t he Ansar. When t he season for harvest ing dat e-t rees would st art , t he Ansar would collect ripe-dat e branches from t heir gardens and hang t hem on a rope erect ed bet ween t wo pillars in t he Masj id of t he Messenger of Allah. The poor emigrant Companions would eat from t hese dat es. However, some of t hem (Ansar) would also add lesser t ype of dat es in bet ween ripe-dat e branches, t hinking t hey are allowed t o do so. Allah revealed t his Ayah about t hose who did t his,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゑ ∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨヨｚ Β∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and do not aim at t hat which is bad t o spend from it .) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah,

びヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ツヨ͡ ∇ピゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ま͡ ヮ͡ Α͡グカ ͡ ほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥わ∇ジャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (you would not accept it save if you close your eyes and t olerat e t herein) means, "If you had a right on someone who would pay you less t han what you gave t hem, you would not agree unt il you require more from t hem t o make up t he difference. This is why Allah said,

びヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ツヨ͡ ∇ピゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ま͡ぴ (save if you close your eyes and t olerat e t herein) meaning, ` How do you agree for Me what you do not agree for yourselves, while I have a right t o t he best and most precious of your possessions'' Ibn Abi Hat im and Ibn Jarir recorded t his Hadit h and Ibn Jarir added, "And t his is t he meaning of Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ゅｚヨ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゲｚ ら͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠レゎ∠ リ∠ャぴ

(By no means shall you at t ain Al-Birr, unless you spend of t hat which you love)'' 4:92 Allah said next ,

び∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ヶ ｘ レ͡ ビ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱぴ (And know t hat Allah is Rich (free of all needs), and wort hy of all praise) meaning, "Alt hough Allah commanded you t o give away t he purest of your money in charit y, He is far Richer from needing your charit y, but t he purpose is t hat t he dist ance bet ween t he rich and t he poor becomes less.'' Similarly, Allah said,

ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠レΑ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ワぼ⊥ べ∠ョキ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰョ⊥ ヲ⊥エャ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ゅ∠レΑ∠ リ∠ャぴ び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや (It is neit her t heir meat nor t heir blood t hat reaches Allah, but it is piet y from you t hat reaches Him) 22:37 . Allah is Rich and free of needing anyt hing from any of His creat ures, while all of His creat ures st and in need of Him. Allah's bount y encompassing, and what He has never ends. Therefore, whoever gives away good and pure t hings in charit y, let him know t hat Allah is t he Most Rich, His favor is enormous and He is Most Generous, Most Compassionat e; and He shall reward him for his charit y and mult iply it many t imes. So who would lend t o He Who is neit her poor nor unj ust , Who is wort hy of all praise in all His act ions, st at ement s, and decisions, of Whom t here is neit her a deit y wort hy of worship except Him, nor a Lord ot her t han Him

Shaytanic Doubts Concerning Spending in Charity Allah said,

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠ゼ∇エヘ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ミゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ボヘ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャやぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ノ∀ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ Κ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ り⇔ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ユ⊥ミギ⊥ ͡バ∠Α (Shayt an t hreat ens you wit h povert y and orders you t o commit Fahsha'; whereas Allah promises you forgiveness from Himself and bount y, and Allah is All-Sufficient for His creat ures' needs, All-Knower.) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ∩⇔るヨｚ ャ∠ マ ͡ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ヱ∠ ∩∠ュキ∠ へ リ ͡ ∇よゅ͡よ る⇔ ヨｚ ャ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ヤ͡ャ ラ ｚ ま͡» ヱ∠ ∩あペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ょΑ͡グ∇ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩あゲゼ ｚ ャゅ͡よ キ∀ ゅ∠バΑ͡みプ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠トΒｚゼャや る⊥ ｚヨャ∠ ∩あペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ペΑ͡ギ∇ダゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ゲ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャゅよ͡ キ∀ ゅ∠バΑ͡みプ∠ マ ͡ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや る⊥ ｚヨャ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ ∩∠ぶや ギ͡ ヨ∠ ∇エΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∩͡ぶや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ «ラゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇クヲｚ バ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ン∠ゲ∇カほ⊥∇ャや ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ (Shayt an has an effect on t he son of Adam, and t he angel also has an effect . As for t he effect of Shayt an, it is by his t hreat ening wit h evil repercussions and rej ect ing t he t rut h. As for t he effect of t he angel, it is by his promise of a good end and believing in t he t rut h. Whoever finds t he lat t er, let him know t hat it is coming from Allah and let him t hank Allah for it . Whoever finds t he former, let him seek refuge - wit h Allah - from Shayt an.) The Prophet t hen recit ed,

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠ゼ∇エヘ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ミゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ボヘ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャやぴ びΚ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ り⇔ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ユ⊥ミギ⊥ ͡バ∠Α (Shayt an t hreat ens you wit h povert y and orders you t o commit Fahsha'; whereas Allah promises you forgiveness from Himself and bount y) This is t he narrat ion t hat At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i collect ed in t he book of Tafsir in t heir Sunan collect ions. Allah said,

びゲ∠ ∇ボヘ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャやぴ (Shayt an t hreat ens you wit h povert y), so t hat you hold on t o what ever you have and refrain from spending it in Allah's pleasure.

び￢͡ べ∠ゼ∇エヘ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ミゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And orders you t o commit Fahsha'), meaning, "Shayt an forbids you from spending in charit y because of t he false fear of becoming poor, and he encourages evil deeds, sins, indulging in what is prohibit ed, and immoral conduct .'' Allah said,

びヮ⊥ ∇レあョ り⇔ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ユ⊥ミギ⊥ ͡バ∠Α ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (Whereas Allah promises you forgiveness from Himself) inst ead of t he evil t hat Shayt an enj oins on you,

びΚ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Bount y) as opposed t o t he povert y t hat Shayt an fright ens you wit h,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ノ∀ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is All-Sufficient for His creat ures' needs, All-Knower.)

The Meaning of Al-Hikmah Allah said,

び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ぴ (He grant s Hikmah t o whom He wills.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "That is knowledge of t he Qur'an. For inst ance, t he abrogat ing and t he abrogat ed, what is plain and clear and what is not as plain and clear, what it allows, and what it does not allow, and it s parables.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn Mas` ud said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

ゅ⇔ャゅ∠ョ ぶ ⊥ や ロ⊥ ゅ∠ゎへ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ :リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ∇をや ヶ͡プ ゅｚャま͡ ギ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠ャ» ぶ ⊥ や ロ⊥ ゅ∠ゎへ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩あペエ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ わ͡ ム∠ ヤ∠ワ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ト ∠ ヤｚジ ∠ プ∠ «ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ヤあ∠バΑ⊥ ∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヶ͡ツ∇ボΑ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ムェ ͡ (There is no envy except in t wo inst ances: a person whom Allah has endowed wit h wealt h and he spends it right eously, and a person whom Allah has given Hikmah and he j udges by it and t eaches it t o ot hers.) This was also collect ed by Al-Bukhari, Muslim, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Maj ah.

Allah's st at ement ,

びょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ ∠ や ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ミｚ グｚ ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (But none remember (will receive admonit ion) except men of underst anding.) means, "Those who will benefit from t he advice are t hose who have sound minds and good comprehension wit h which t hey underst and t he words (of advice and reminder) and t heir implicat ions.''

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ケ∃ ∇グルｚ リあョ ユ⊥ゎ∇ケグ∠ ル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ ボ∠ ヘ∠ ルｚ リあョ ユ⊥わ∇ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ ラ͡ま - ケ∃ ゅ∠ダル∠ぺ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ゅｚヨバ͡ レ͡ プ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ホギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ムレ∠ハ ゲ⊥ あヘム∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ￢∠ へ∠ゲボ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ャや び ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (270. And what ever you spend for spendings (e.g., in Sadaqah) or what ever vow you make, be sure Allah knows it all. And for t he wrongdoers t here are no helpers.) (271. If you disclose your Sadaqat (almsgiving), it is well; but if you conceal t hem and give t hem t o t he poor, t hat is bet t er for you. (Allah) will expiat e you some of your sins. And Allah is Well-Acquaint ed wit h what you do.) Allah st at es t hat He has perfect knowledge of t he good deeds performed by all of His creat ion, such as charit y and various vows, and He rewards t remendously for t hese deeds, provided t hey are performed seeking His Face and His promise. Allah also warns t hose who do not work in his obedience, but inst ead disobey His command, rej ect His revelat ion and worship ot hers besides Him:

びケ∃ ゅ∠ダル∠ぺ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And for t he wrongdoers t here are no helpers.) meaning, who will save t hem from Allah's anger and t orment on t he Day of Resurrect ion.

The Virtue of Disclosing or Concealing Charity Allah said,

びヴ ∠ ワ͡ ゅｚヨバ͡ レ͡ プ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ホギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや ∇やヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ ラ͡まぴ

(If you disclose your Sadaqat , it is well) meaning, "It is well if you make known t he charit y t hat you give away.'' Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ￢∠ へ∠ゲボ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (But if you conceal t hem and give t hem t o t he poor, t hat is bet t er for you.) t his indicat es t hat concealing charit y is bet t er t han disclosing it , because it prot ect s one from showing off and boast ing. However, if t here is an apparent wisdom behind disclosing t he charit y, such as t he people imit at ing t his right eous act , t hen disclosing it becomes bet t er t han concealing it . The Messenger of Allah said,

ぁゲジ ͡ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩͡るホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ゲ͡ ワ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャゅ∠ミ ラ ͡ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゲ⊥ ワ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや» «る∠ホ∠ギダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ あゲジ ͡ ヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ラ ͡ へゲ⊥ボ∇ャゅ͡よ (He who ut t ers aloud Qur'anic recit at ion is j ust like he who discloses charit y act s. He who conceals Qur'anic recit at ion is j ust like he who conceals charit y act s.) The Ayah indicat es t hat it is bet t er t hat act s of charit y be concealed, as reit erat ed by t he Hadit h t hat t he Two Sahihs recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

:ヮ⊥ ぁヤニ ͡ ゅｚャま モ ｚニ ͡ ゅ∠ャ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤあニ ͡ ヶ͡プ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ぁヤヌ ͡ Α⊥ る∀ バ∠ ∇らシ ∠» ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶや り͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ヶ͡プ ほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ ゆ ｘ ゅ∠セヱ∠ ∩∀メキ͡ ゅ∠ハ ∀ュゅ∠ョま͡ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ホゲｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠バヨ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや∩͡ぶや ヶ͡プ ゅｚよゅ∠エゎ∠ ノ∠ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠クま͡ ∩͡ギイ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ペヤｚ∠バョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ヤホ∠ ∩⊥ロゅ∠レ∇Βハ ∠ ∇ろッ ∠ ゅ∠ヘプ∠ ゅ⇔Βャ͡ゅ∠カ ぶ ∠ や ゲ∠ ミ∠ ク∠ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩∃メゅ∠ヨィ ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ダ ͡ ∇レョ∠ れ ⊥ や∠ク り∀ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ヮ⊥ ∇わハ ∠ キ∠ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ベ ∠ ギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡ヨャ∠ゅ∠バ∇ャや ゆ ｚ ケ∠ ぶ ∠ や フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヶあルま͡

ペ ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇レゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ヨセ ͡ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワゅ∠ヘ∇カほ∠プ∠ る∃ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ∠ よ͡ «ヮ⊥レΒ͡ヨ∠Α (Allah will give shade t o seven on t he Day when t here will be no shade but His. (They are:) a j ust ruler, a yout h who has been brought up in t he worship of Allah, t wo persons who love each ot her only for Allah's sake who meet and part in Allah's cause only, a man whose heart is at t ached t o t he Masj ids from t he t ime he depart s t he Masj id unt il he ret urns t o it , a person who remembers Allah in seclusion and his eyes are t hen flooded wit h t ears, a man who refuses t he call of a charming woman of noble birt h for illicit int ercourse wit h her and says, ` I fear Allah, Lord of t he worlds', and a man who gives charit able gift s so secret ly t hat his left hand does not know what his right hand has given.) Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ムレ∠ハ ゲ⊥ あヘム∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ((Allah) will expiat e you some of your sins) means, in ret urn for giving away charit y, especially if it was concealed. Therefore, you will gain goodness by your rank being raised, and your sins being forgiven. Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is Well-Acquaint ed wit h what you do) means, "No good deed t hat you perform escapes His knowledge, and He shall reward for it .''

￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ギワ⊥ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル６Κプ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚフヲ∠ Α⊥ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヮ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ェ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ￢͡ へ∠ゲボ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔よ∇ゲッ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ユ⊥ヰプ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ブ ͡ ヘぁ バ∠ わｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ￢∠ べ∠Βレ͡ ∇ビぺ∠ モ ⊥ ワ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ら⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠

∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔プゅ∠エ∇ャま͡ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΒ͡ジよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ユ⊥ワゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ る⇔ Β∠ ル͡ Κ ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ や６ゲシ ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ (272. Not upon you (Muhammad ) is t heir guidance, but Allah guides whom He wills. And what ever you spend in good, it is for yourselves, when you spend not except seeking Allah's Face. And what ever you spend in good, it will be repaid t o you in full, and you shall not be wronged.) (273. (Charit y is) for Fuqara' (t he poor), who in Allah's cause are rest rict ed (from t ravel), and cannot move about in t he land (for t rade or work). The one who knows t hem not , t hinks t hat t hey are rich because of t heir modest y. You may know t hem by t heir mark, t hey do not beg of people at all. And what ever you spend in good, surely Allah knows it well.) (274. Those who spend t heir wealt h (in Allah's cause) by night and day, in secret and in public, t hey shall have t heir reward wit h t heir Lord. On t hem shall be no fear, nor shall t hey grieve.)

Giving Charity to Polytheists Abu ` Abdur-Rahman An-Nasa'i recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t hey, "Disliked giving charit y t o t heir polyt heist relat ives, but were lat er on allowed t o give it t o t hem when t hey inquired about t his mat t er, and t his Ayah was revealed,

￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ギワ⊥ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル６Κプ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚフヲ∠ Α⊥ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヮ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ (Not upon you (Muhammad ) is t heir guidance, but Allah guides whom He wills. And what ever you spend in good, it is for yourselves, when you spend not except seeking Allah's Face. And what ever you spend in good, it will be repaid t o you in full, and you shall not be wronged.) Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル６Κプ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(And what ever you spend in good, it is for yourselves) is similar t o His ot her st at ement ,

びヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョｚ ぴ (Whosoever does right eous good deed, it is for (t he benefit of) his ownself.) There are many ot her similar Ayat in t he Qur'an. Allah said next ,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヮ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (When you spend not except seeking Allah's Face. ) Al-Hasan Al-Basri comment ed, "Whenever t he believer spends, including what he spends on himself, he seeks Allah's Face wit h it .'' ` At a' Al-Khurasani said t hat t he Ayah means, "You give away charit y for t he sake of Allah. Therefore, you will not be asked about t he deeds or wickedness of t hose who receive it .'' This is a sound meaning indicat ing t hat when one spends in charit y for Allah's sake, t hen his reward will be wit h Allah. He will not be asked if t he charit y unint ent ionally reached right eous, evil, deserving or undeserving persons, for he will be rewarded for his good int ent ion. The proof t o t his st at ement is t he Ayah,

Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚフヲ∠ Α⊥ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌゎ⊥ (And what ever you spend in good, it will be repaid t o you in full, and you shall not be wronged.) The Two Sahihs recorded a Hadit h by Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ァ ∠ ゲ∠ガプ∠ ∩∃る∠ホ∠ギ∠ダ͡よ る∠ ヤ∠∇Βヤｚャや リ ｚ ホ∠ ギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ ほ∠ャ∠ :∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ» サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ∩∃るΒ∠ ル͡ や∠コ ギ͡ Α∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰバ∠ ッ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ∠ よ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ユ∠ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩∃るΒ∠ ル͡ や∠コ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ベ ∠ あギダ ⊥ ゎ⊥ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をギｚ エ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∩∃る∠ホ∠ギ∠ダ͡よ る∠ ヤ∠∇Βヤｚャや リ ｚ ホ∠ ギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ ほ∠ャ∠ ∩∃るΒ∠ ル͡ や∠コ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ∩∠ヶ͡レ∠ビ ギ͡ Α∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰバ∠ ッ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ∠ よ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ガ ∠ プ∠

ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩∠ヶレ͡ ビ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∠ ヤ∠∇Βヤｚャや ベ ∠ あギダ ⊥ ゎ⊥ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をギｚ エ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∩∃るホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ∠ よ͡ る∠ ヤ∠∇Βヤｚャや リ ｚ ホ∠ ギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ ほ∠ャ∠ ∩∠ヶ͡レ∠ビ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ∠ ∩∃ベ͡ケゅ∠シ ギ͡ Α∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰバ∠ ッ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ∠ よ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ガ ∠ プ∠ ∩∃ベケ͡ ゅ∠シ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∠ ヤ∠∇Βヤｚャや ベ ∠ あギダ ⊥ ゎ⊥ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をギｚ エ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ∩∠ヶ͡レ∠ビ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ∩∃るΒ∠ ル͡ や∠コ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや:メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ わ⊥ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ゅｚョ∠ぺ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ボプ∠ ヶ ∠ ゎ͡ ほ⊥プ∠ .ベ ∃ ケ͡ ゅ∠シ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ∇リハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ブ ｚ バ͡ わ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤｚバ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ る⊥ Β∠ ル͡ やｚゴャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∇ろヤ∠ら͡ ホ⊥ ∩⊥ぶや ロ⊥ ゅ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ペ ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇レΒ⊥ プ∠ ゲ⊥ ら͡ わ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ヶ ｚ レ͡ ピ∠ ∇ャや モ ｚ バ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワゅ∠ルコ͡ «ヮ͡わホ∠ ゲ͡ シ ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ブ ｚ バ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ベ ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚジャや モ ｚ バ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ (A man said, "Tonight , I shall give charit y.'' He went out wit h his charit y and (unknowingly) gave it t o an adult eress. The next morning t he people said t hat alms were given t o an adult eress. The man said, "O Allah! All t he praises are for You. (I gave my alms) t o an adult eress. Tonight , I shall give alms again.'' He went out wit h his charit y and (unknowingly) gave it t o a rich person. The next morning (t he people) said, "Last night , a wealt hy person was given alms.'' He said, "O Allah! All t he praises are for You. (I gave alms) t o a wealt hy man. Tonight , I shall again give charit y.'' So he went out wit h his charit y and (unknowingly) gave it t o a t hief. The next morning (t he people) said, "Last night , a t hief was given alms.'' He said, "O Allah! All t he praises are for You. (I have given alms) t o an adult eress, a wealt hy man and a t hief.'' Then, someone came t o him and said, "The alms t hat you gave away were accept ed. As for t he adult eress, t he alms might make her abst ain from adult ery. As for t he wealt hy man, it might make him t ake a lesson and spend his wealt h t hat Allah has given him. As for t he t hief, it might make him abst ain from st ealing.'')

Who Deserves Charity Allah said,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ェ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ￢͡ へ∠ゲボ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ぴ ((Charit y is) for t he poor, who in Allah's cause are rest rict ed (from t ravel)) meaning, t he migrant s who migrat ed t o Allah and His Messenger, resided in Al-Madinah and did not have resources t hat sufficient ly provided t hem wit h t heir needs,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔よ∇ゲッ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (And cannot Darban (move about ) in t he land) meaning, "They cannot t ravel in t he land t o seek means of livelihood.'' Allah said in ot her inst ances using a variat ion of t he word Darban

ラ∠ぺ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇よゲ∠ ッ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びり͡ ヲヤｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ (And when you (Muslims) t ravel in t he land, t here is no sin on you if you short en t he Salah (t he prayer)) 4:101 , and,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲョｚ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ シ ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ び∇やヱ⊥￢ゲ∠ ∇ホゅ∠プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ (He knows t hat t here will be some among you sick, ot hers t raveling t hrough t he land, seeking of Allah's bount y, yet ot hers fight ing in Allah's cause) 73:20 . Allah t hen said,

びブ ͡ ヘぁ バ∠ わｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ￢∠ べ∠Βレ͡ ∇ビぺ∠ モ ⊥ ワ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ら⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぴ (The one who knows t hem not , t hinks t hat t hey are rich because of t heir modest y) meaning, t hose who do not know t heir sit uat ion t hink t hat t hey are well-off, because t hey are modest in t heir clot hes and speech. There is a Hadit h wit h t his meaning t hat t he Two Sahihs recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

り⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ヨｚわャや ロ⊥ ぁキゲ⊥ ゎ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや フ ͡ やｚヲト ｚ ャや や∠グヰ͡よ リ ⊥ Β͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠» る⊥ ヤ∠∇ミほ⊥∇ャや∠ヱ ∩͡ラゅ∠わヨ∠ ∇ボヤぁャや∠ヱ る⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ボヤぁャや∠ヱ ∩͡ラゅ∠ゎゲ∠ ∇ヨわｚ ャや∠ヱ ヴ ⇔ レ͡ビ ギ⊥ イ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ ヵ͡グャｚや リ ⊥ Β͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや リ ͡ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ ∩͡ラゅ∠わヤ∠∇ミほ⊥∇ャや∠ヱ

メ ⊥ ほ∠∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ベ ∠ ギｚ ダ ∠ わ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ト ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩͡ヮΒ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ «ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや (The Miskin (needy) is not he who wanders about and whose need is sufficed by a dat e or t wo, a bit e or t wo or a meal or t wo. Rat her, t he Miskin is he who neit her has enough resources t o sust ain him, all t he while people are unaware of his need so t hey do not give t o him, nor does he ask people for anyt hing.) Imam Ahmad also recorded t his Hadit h from Ibn Mas` ud. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΒ͡ジよ͡ ユヰ⊥ プ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ぴ (You may know t hem by t heir mark) means, "Those who have good minds discover t heir sit uat ion,'' j ust as Allah said in ot her inst ances,

び∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΒ͡シぴ (The mark of t hem (i.e. of t heir fait h) is on t heir faces) 48:29 , and,

びメ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ ∇エャ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ プ∠ ゲ͡ ∇バわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (But surely, you will know t hem by t he t one of t heir speech!) 47:30 . Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔プゅ∠エ∇ャま͡ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (t hey do not beg of people at all) means, t hey do not beg and, t hus, do not require people t o provide t hem wit h more t han what t hey act ually need. Indeed, t hose who ask people for help, while having what suffices for t heir needs, have begged. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Sa` id said, "My mot her sent me t o t he Messenger of Allah t o ask him for help, but when I came by him I sat down. The Prophet faced me and said t o me,

∩⊥ぶや ヮ⊥ ヘｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ ブ ｚ バ∠ わ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ぶや ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ » る∃ Βｚ ホ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ る⊥ ヨ∠ Β͡ホ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ メ ∠ ほ∠シ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ぶや ロ⊥ ゅ∠ヘミ∠ ブ ｚ ム∠ わ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠ «ブ∠エ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ (Whoever felt sat isfied, t hen Allah will enrich him. Whoever is modest , Allah will make him decent . Whoever is cont ent , t hen Allah will suffice for him. Whoever asks people, while having a small amout , he will have begged t he people.) Abu Sa` id said, "I said t o myself, ` I have a camel, Al-Yaqut ah, and indeed, it is wort h more t han a small amount .' And I went back wit hout asking t he Prophet for anyt hing.'' This is t he same wording for t his Hadit h collect ed by Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i. Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And what ever you spend in good, surely Allah knows it well) indicat es t hat no charit y escapes Him, and He will reward it fully and perfect ly on t he Day of Resurrect ion, when it is most desperat ely needed.

Praise for those who Spend in Charity Allah said,

や６ゲシ ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ユ⊥ワゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ る⇔ Β∠ ル͡ Κ ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ (Those who spend t heir wealt h (in Allah's cause) by night and day, in secret and in public, t hey shall have t heir reward wit h t heir Lord. On t hem shall be no fear, nor shall t hey grieve.) This Ayah praises t hose who spend in charit y for Allah's sake, seeking His pleasure, day and night , publicly and in secret , including what one spends on his family. The Two Sahihs recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t o Sa` d bin Abi Waqqas:

ゅｚャま͡ ぶ ͡ や ヮ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヶ͡ピわ∠ ∇らゎ∠ る⇔ ボ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ ペ ∠ ヘ͡ ∇レゎ⊥ ∇リャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ » ヶ͡プ ヶ͡プ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩⇔るバ∠ ∇プケ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ れ ∠ ∇キキ∠ ∇コや «マ͡ゎぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや (You will not spend charit y wit h which you seek Allah's Face, but you will ascend a higher degree and st at us because of it , including what you put in your wife's mout h.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Mas` ud said t hat t he Prophet said,

∩ゅ∠ヰら⊥ ジ ͡ わ∠ ∇エΑ∠ る⇔ ボ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ペ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ や∠クま͡ ユ∠ ヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» «る∠ホギ∠ タ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ (When t he Muslim spends on his family while await ing t he reward for it from Allah, it will be writ t en as charit y for him.) Al-Bukhari and Muslim also recorded t his Hadit h. Allah said,

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (shall have t heir reward wit h t heir Lord), on t he Day of Resurrect ion, as reward for what t hey spent in act s of obedience. We previously explained t he Ayah,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t here shall be no fear on t hem nor shall t hey grieve.)

ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ボΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ∠よゲあ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ザ あ ヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ト ⊥ らｚ ガ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ン͡グャｚや ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ノ∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ｚェ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ∠よゲあ ャや モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ノ⊥ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡

ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ヴ∠ヰわ∠ ルゅ∠プ ヮ͡ よあ ケｚ ∇リョあ る∀ ヌ ∠ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ロ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ∠ヨプ∠ ∇やヲ∠よゲあ ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ハ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ブ ∠ ヤ∠シ ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや (275. Those who eat Riba will not st and (on t he Day of Resurrect ion) except like t he st anding of a person beat en by Shayt an leading him t o insanit y. That is because t hey say: "Trading is only like Riba,'' whereas Allah has permit t ed t rading and forbidden Riba. So whosoever receives an admonit ion from his Lord and st ops eat ing Riba, shall not be punished for t he past ; his case is for Allah (t o j udge); but whoever ret urns (t o Riba), such are t he dwellers of t he Fire t hey will Abide t herein.)

The Punishment for Dealing with Riba (Interest and Usury) Aft er Allah ment ioned t he right eous believers who give charit y, pay Zakah and spend on t heir relat ives and families at various t imes and condit ions, He t hen ment ioned t hose who deal in usury and illegally acquire people's money, using various evil met hods and wicked ways. Allah describes t he condit ion of t hese people when t hey are resurrect ed from t heir graves and brought back t o life on t he Day of Resurrect ion:

ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ボΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ∠よゲあ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ びザ あ ヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ト ⊥ ｚらガ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ン͡グャｚや (Those who eat Riba will not st and (on t he Day of Resurrect ion) except like t he st anding of a person beat en by Shayt an leading him t o insanit y.) This Ayah means, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hese people will get up from t heir graves j ust as t he person afflict ed by insanit y or possesed by a demon would. Ibn ` Abbas said, "On t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hose who consume Riba will be resurrect ed while insane and suffering from seizures.'' Ibn Abi Hat im also recorded t his and t hen comment ed, "This Tafsir was report ed from ` Awf bin Malik, Sa` id bin Jubayr, As-Suddi, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Qat adah and Muqat il bin Hayyan.'' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Samurah bin Jundub said in t he long Hadit h about t he dream t hat t he Prophet had,

ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇らジ ͡ェ ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ヰル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レΒ∇ゎほ∠プ∠ » や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ウら∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∀ウ͡よゅ∠シ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ゲ͡ ∇ヰレｚ ャや ヶ͡プ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡ュギｚ ャや モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠イェ ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ノ∠ ヨ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ゲ͡ ∇ヰレｚ ャや テ あセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠

ヶ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥ウら∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ウ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ウ ⊥ よ͡ ゅｚジャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ∩⇔り∠ゲΒ͡ん∠ミ ロ⊥ ゅ∠プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ⊥ ピ∠ ∇ヘΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ロギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ り∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠イエ ͡ ∇ャや ノ∠ ヨ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ «や⇔ゲイ ∠ェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ボ͡ ∇ヤΒ⊥ プ∠ (We reached a river -t he narrat or said, "I t hought he said t hat t he river was as red as blood''and found t hat a man was swimming in t he river, and on it s bank t here was anot her man st anding wit h a large collect ion of st ones next t o him. The man in t he river would swim, t hen come t o t he man who had collect ed t he st ones and open his mout h, and t he ot her man would t hrow a st one in his mout h.) The explanat ion of t his dream was t hat t he person in t he river was one who consumed Riba. Allah's st at ement ,

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ｚェ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ∠よゲあ ャや モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ノ⊥ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ び∇やヲ∠よゲあ ャや ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ノ∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや (That is because t hey say: "Trading is only like Riba,'' whereas Allah has permit t ed t rading and forbidden Riba) indicat es t hat t he disbelievers claimed t hat Riba was allowed due t o t he fact t hat t hey rej ect ed Allah's commandment s, not t hat t hey equat ed Riba wit h regular t rade. The disbelievers did not recognize t hat Allah allowed t rade in t he Qur'an, for if t hey did, t hey would have said, "Riba is t rade.'' Rat her, t hey said,

び∇やヲ∠よゲあ ャや モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ノ⊥ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (Trading is only like Riba) meaning, t hey are similar, so why did Allah allow t his, but did not allow t hat , t hey asked in defiance of Allah's commandment s. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヲ∠よゲあ ャや ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ノ∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ｚェ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Whereas Allah has permit t ed t rading and forbidden Riba) might be a cont inuat ion of t he answer t o t he disbelievers' claim, who ut t ered it , alt hough t hey knew t hat Allah decided t hat ruling on t rade is different from t hat of Riba. Indeed, Allah is t he Most Knowledgeable, Most Wise, Whose decision is never resist ed. Allah is never asked about what He does, while t hey will be asked. He is knowledgeable of t he t rue realit y of all t hings and t he benefit s t hey carry. He knows what benefit s His servant s, so He allows it for t hem, and what harms t hem, so He forbids t hem from it . He is more merciful wit h t hem t han t he mot her wit h her own infant .

Thereaft er, Allah said,

ブ ∠ ヤ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ヴ∠ヰわ∠ ルゅ∠プ ヮ͡ よあ ケｚ ∇リョあ る∀ ヌ ∠ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ロ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ (So whosoever receives an admonit ion from his Lord and st ops eat ing Riba, shall not be punished for t he past ; his case is for Allah (t o j udge),) meaning, t hose who have knowledge t hat Allah made usury unlawful, and refrain from indulging in it as soon as t hey acquire t his knowledge, t hen Allah will forgive t heir previous dealings in Riba,

びブ∠ヤ∠シ ゅヨｚ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ヘハ ∠ぴ (Allah has forgiven what is past .) On t he day Makkah was conquered t he Prophet said,

ヶ ∠ ョ∠ ギ∠ ホ∠ ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ∀ネヲ⊥ッ∇ヲョ∠ る͡ Βｚ ヤ͡ワ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ⇔よ͡ケ ぁモミ⊥ ヱ∠ » «サゅｚらバ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠よ͡ケ ∩⊥ノッ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔よ͡ケ メ ⊥ ヱｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡リ∇Βゎ∠ ゅ∠ワ (All cases of Riba during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah (pre-Islamic period of ignorance) is annulled and under my feet , and t he first Riba I annul is t he Riba of Al-'Abbas (t he Prophet 's uncle).) We should ment ion t hat t he Prophet did not require t he ret urn of t he int erest t hat t hey gained on t heir Riba during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah. Rat her, he pardoned t he cases of Riba t hat occured in t he past , j ust as Allah said,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ブ ∠ ヤ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (shall not be punished for t he past ; his case is for Allah (t o j udge).) Sa` id bin Jubayr and As-Suddi said t hat ,

びブ ∠ ヤ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (shall not be punished for t he past ) refers t o t he Riba one consumed before it was prohibit ed. Allah t hen said,

びキ∠ ゅ∠ハ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (But whoever ret urns) meaning, deals in Riba aft er gaining knowledge t hat Allah prohibit ed it , t hen t hat warrant s punishment , and in t his case, t he proof will have been est ablished against such person. This is why Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ (such are t he dwellers of t he Fire

t hey will abide t herein forever.)

Abu Dawud recorded t hat Jabir said, "When

ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ボΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ∠よゲあ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ びザ あ ヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ト ⊥ らｚ ガ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ン͡グャｚや (Those who eat Riba will not st and (on t he Day of Resurrect ion) except like a person beat en by Shayt an leading him t o insanit y) was revealed, t he Messenger of Allah said,

ぶ ͡ や リ ∠ ョ͡ ゆ ∃ ∇ゲエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ラク͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ガヨ⊥ ∇ャや ケ͡ グ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ヮ͡ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ (Whoever does not refrain from Mukhabarah, t hen let him receive a not ice of war from Allah and His Messenger.)'' Al-Hakim also recorded t his in his Must adrak, and he said, "It is Sahih according t o t he crit eria of Muslim, and he did not record it .'' Mukhabarah (sharecropping), farming land in ret urn for some of it s produce, was prohibit ed. Muzabanah, t rading fresh dat es st ill on t rees wit h dried dat es already on t he ground, was prohibit ed. Muhaqalah, which refers t o t rading produce not yet harvest ed, wit h crops already harvest ed, was also prohibit ed. These were prohibit ed t o eradicat e t he possibilit y t hat Riba might be involved, for t he qualit y and equit y of such it ems are only known aft er t hey become dry. The subj ect of Riba is a difficult subj ect for many scholars. We should ment ion t hat t he Leader of t he Fait hful, ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab, said, "I wished t hat t he Messenger of Allah had made t hree mat t ers clearer for us, so t hat we could refer t o his decision: t he grandfat her (regarding inherit ing from his grandchildren), t he Kalalah (t hose who leave neit her descendant s nor ascendant s as heirs) and some t ypes of Riba.'' ` Umar was refering t o t he t ypes of t ransact ions where it is not clear whet her t hey involve Riba or not . The Shari` ah support s t he rule t hat for any mat t er t hat is unlawful, t hen t he means t o it are also unlafwful, because what ever result s in t he unlawful is unlawful, in t he same way t hat whenever an obligat ion will not be complet e except wit h somet hing, t hen t hat somet hing is it self an obligat ion.

The Two Sahihs recorded t hat An-Nu` man bin Bashir said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀リΒあ よ∠ ュ∠ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∀リΒあ ∠よ メ ∠ ゅ∠ヤエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇らわ∠ ∇シや れ ͡ ゅ∠ヰら⊥ ゼ ぁ ャや ヴ∠ボゎｚ や リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ∩∀れゅ∠ヰら͡ わ∠ ∇ゼョ⊥ ∀ケヲ⊥ョぺ⊥ ヶ͡プ ノ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠ヰら⊥ ゼ ぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ノ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮッ ͡ ∇ゲハ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ レ͡ Α͡ギャ͡ ∇ラぺ∠ マ ⊥セ ͡ ヲ⊥Α ヴ∠ヨ͡エ∇ャや メ ∠ ヲェ ∠ ヴ∠ハ∇ゲΑ∠ ヶ͡ハやｚゲャゅ∠ミ ∩͡ュや∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや «ヮΒ͡プ ノ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ (Bot h lawful and unlawful t hings are evident , but in bet ween t hem t here are mat t ers t hat are not clear. So whoever saves himself from t hese unclear mat t ers, he saves his religion and his honor. And whoever indulges in t hese unclear mat t ers, he will have fallen int o t he prohibit ions, j ust like a shepherd who grazes (his animals) near a privat e past ure, at any moment he is liable t o ent er it .) The Sunan records t hat Al-Hasan bin ` Ali said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

«マ⊥らΑ͡ゲΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ ら⊥ Α͡ゲΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ネキ∠ » (Leave t hat which makes you doubt for t hat which does not make you doubt .) Ahmad recorded t hat Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib said t hat ` Umar said, "The Ayah about Riba was one of t he last Ayat t o be revealed, and t he Messenger of Allah died before he explained it t o us. So leave t hat which makes you doubt for t hat which does not make you doubt .'' Ibn Maj ah recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや ウ ∠ ム͡ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∩ゅ⇔よヲ⊥ェ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ∇らシ ∠ ゅ∠よゲあ ャや» «ヮｚョぺ⊥ (Riba is sevent y t ypes, t he least of which is equal t o one having sexual int ercourse wit h his mot her.) Cont inuing on t he subj ect of prohibit ing t he means t hat lead t o t he unlawful, t here is a Hadit h t hat Ahmad recorded in which ` A'ishah said, "When t he Ayat in Surat Al-Baqarah about Riba were revealed, t he Messenger of Allah went out t o t he Masj id and recit ed t hem and also

prohibit ed t rading in alcohol.'' The Six collect ions recorded t his Hadit h, wit h t he except ion of At -Tirmidhi. The Two Sahihs recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ュ⊥ ヲ⊥エゼ ぁ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ゲあ ェ ⊥ ∩∠キヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ぶ ⊥ や リ ∠ バ∠ ャ∠» «ゅ∠ヰル∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇をぺ∠ やヲ⊥ヤミ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ハゅ∠らプ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ (May Allah curse t he Jews! Allah forbade t hem t o eat animal fat , but t hey melt ed it and sold it , eat ing it s price.) ` Ali and Ibn Mas` ud narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ヮ∠らゎ͡ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠セヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠ミ͡ ヲ⊥ョヱ∠ ゅ∠よゲあ ャや モ ∠ ミ͡ へ ぶ ⊥ やリ ∠ バ∠ ャ∠» (May Allah curse whoever consumes Riba, whoever pays Riba, t he t wo who are wit nesses t o it , and t he scribe who records it .) They say t hey only have wit nesses and a scribe t o writ e t he Riba cont ract when t hey want it t o appear t o be a legit imat e agreement , but it is st ill invalid because t he ruling is applied t o t he agreement it self, not t he form t hat it appears in. Verily, deeds are j udged by t heir int ent ions. d

Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ホギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや ヴ͡よ∇ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ∠よゲあ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ペ ⊥エ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ - ユ∃ Β͡をぺ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚヘミ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ ゎ∠ へ∠ヱ り∠ ヲヤ∠ダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ (276. Allah will dest roy Riba and will give increase for Sadaqat . And Allah likes not t he disbelievers, sinners.) (277. Truly, t hose who believe, and do deeds of right eousness, and perform t he Salah and give Zakah, t hey will have t heir reward wit h t heir Lord. On t hem shall be no fear, nor shall t hey grieve.)

Allah Does Not Bless Riba Allah st at es t hat He dest roys Riba, eit her by removing t his money from t hose who eat it , or by depriving t hem of t he blessing, and t hus t he benefit of t heir money. Because of t heir Riba,

Allah will t orment t hem in t his life and punish t hem for it on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Allah said,

マ ∠ ら∠ イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ょ ⊥ Βあ ト ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゑ ⊥ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ヲわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ｚ モ⊥ホぴ びゑ ͡ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ゲ∠ ∇んミ∠ (Say: "Not equal are Al-Khabit h (evil t hings) and At -Tayyib (good t hings), even t hough t he abundance of Al-Khabit h may please you'') 5:100

ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ミ⊥ ∇ゲΒ∠ プ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゑ ∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇イΒ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ (And put t he wicked (disbelievers and doers of evil deeds) one over anot her, heap t hem t oget her and cast t hem int o Hell) 8:37 , and,

Κ ∠ プ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや メ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ∠ よ⊥ ∇ゲΒ∠ ャあ ゅ⇔よあケ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇やヲ⊥よ∇ゲΑ∠ (And t hat which you give in gift (t o ot hers), in order t hat it may increase (your wealt h by expect ing t o get a bet t er one in ret urn) from ot her people's propert y, has no increase wit h Allah) 30:39 . Ibn Jarir said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヲ∠よゲあ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ペ ⊥エ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ぴ (Allah will dest roy Riba) is similar t o t he st at ement report ed of ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud, "Riba will end up wit h less, even if it was subst ant ial.'' Imam Ahmad recorded a similar st at ement in Al-Musnad.

Allah Increases Charity, Just as One Raises His Animal Allah's st at ement ,

びろ ͡ ⇒∠ホギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや ヴ͡よ∇ゲΑ⊥ ∠ヱぴ

(And will give increase for Sadaqat ) means, Allah makes charit y grow, or He increases it . AlBukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∃ょΒあ デ ∠ ょ ∃ ∇ジミ∠ ∇リョ͡ り∃ ゲ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ メ ͡ ∇ギバ∠ よ͡ ベ ∠ ギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ｚユを⊥ ∩͡ヮレ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥らｚ ボ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∠ょΒあ ト ｚ ャや ゅｚャま͡ ぶ ⊥ やモ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ロ⊥ ｚヲヤ⊥プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヶあよゲ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∩͡ヮら͡ ェ ͡ ゅ∠ダャ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒあよ∠ゲΑ⊥ «モ∠らイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ (Whoever gives in charit y what equals a dat e from honest resources, and Allah only accept s t hat which is good and pure, t hen Allah accept s it wit h His right (Hand) and raises it for it s giver, j ust as one of you raises his animal, unt il it becomes as big as a mount ain.) This was recorded in t he book of Zakah.

Allah Does not Like the Disbelieving Sinners Allah's st at ement ,

びユ∃ Β͡をぺ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚヘミ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah likes not t he disbelievers, sinners) indicat es t hat Allah does not like he who has a disbelieving heart , who is a sinner in t ongue and act ion. There is a connect ion bet ween t he beginning of t he Ayah on Riba and what Allah ended it wit h. Those who consume Riba are not sat isfied wit h t he permissible and pure resources t hat Allah provided t hem. Inst ead, t hey t ry t o illegally acquire people's money by relying on evil met hods. This demonst rat es t heir lack of appreciat ion for t he bount y t hat Allah provides.

Praising Those Who Thank Allah Allah praised t hose who believe in His Lordship, obey His commands, t hank Him and appreciat e Him. They are t hose who are kind t o His creat ion, est ablish prayer and give charit y due on t heir money. Allah informed t hem of t he honor t hat He has prepared for t hem and t hat t hey will be safe from t he repercussions of t he Day of Resurrect ion. Allah said,

∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ ゎ∠ へ∠ヱ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ

(Truly, t hose who believe, and do deeds of right eousness, and perform t he Salah and give Zakah, t hey will have t heir reward wit h t heir Lord. On t hem shall be no fear, nor shall t hey grieve.)

リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ ∠ ボ͡ よ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ケク∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇やヲ∠よゲあ ャや ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ゆ ∃ ∇ゲエ ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルク∠ ∇ほプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ サ ⊥ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ら⊥ゎ ラ͡まヱ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ り∀ ゲ∠ ヌ ͡ レ∠ プ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ ∇ジハ ⊥ ヱ⊥ク ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌゎ⊥ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇やヲ⊥ホギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ ジ ∠ ∇Βョ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヴｚプヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ び-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚョ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ (278. O you who believe! Have Taqwa of Allah and give up what remains from Riba, if you are (really) believers.) (279. And if you do not do it , t hen t ake a not ice of war from Allah and His Messenger but if you repent ,you shall have your capit al sums. Deal not unj ust ly, and you shall not be dealt wit h unj ust ly.) (280. And if t he debt or is having a hard t ime, t hen grant him t ime t ill it is easy for him t o repay; but if you remit it by way of charit y, t hat is bet t er for you if you did but know.) (281. And have Taqwa t he Day when you shall be brought back t o Allah. Then every person shall be paid what he earned, and t hey shall not be dealt wit h unj ust ly.)

The Necessity of Taqwa and Avoiding Riba Allah commands His believing servant s t o fear Him and warns t hem against what would bring t hem closer t o His anger and drive t hem away from His pleasure. Allah said,

びヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O you who believe! Have Taqwa of Allah) meaning, fear Him and remember t hat He is wat ching all t hat you do.

び∇やヲ∠よゲあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ ∠ ボ͡ よ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ケク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And give up what remains of Riba) meaning, abandon t he Riba t hat people st ill owe you upon hearing t his warning,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡まぴ (if you indeed have been believers) believing in t he t rade t hat He allowed you and t he prohibit ion of Riba. Zayd bin Aslam, Ibn Jurayj , Muqat il bin Hayyan and As-Suddi said t hat t his Ayah was revealed about Bani ` Amr bin ` Umayr, a sub-t ribe of Thaqif, and Bani Al-Mughirah, from t he t ribe of Bani Makhzum, bet ween whom were out st anding t ransact ions of Riba left over from t ime of Jahiliyyah. When Islam came and bot h t ribes became Muslims, Thaqif required Bani Al-Mughirah t o pay t he Riba of t hat t ransact ion, but Bani Al-Mughirah said, "We do not pay Riba in Islam.'' ` At t ab bin Usayd, t he Prophet 's deput y on Makkah, wrot e t o t he Messenger of Allah about t his mat t er. This Ayah was t hen revealed and t he Messenger of Allah conveyed it t o ` At t ab,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ ∠ ボ͡ よ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ケク∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇やヲ∠よゲあ ャや びヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ∂ ゆ ∃ ∇ゲエ ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ル∠ク∇ほ∠プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ (O you who believe! Be afraid of Allah and give up what remains (due t o you) from Riba (from now onward), if you are (really) believers. And if you do not do it , t hen t ake a not ice of war from Allah and His Messenger.) They said, "We repent t o Allah and abandon what ever is left of our Riba'', and t hey all abandoned it This Ayah serves as a st ern t hreat t o t hose who cont inue t o deal in Riba aft er Allah revealed t his warning.

Riba Constitutes War Against Allah and His Messenger Ibn Jurayj said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

びゆ ∃ ∇ゲエ ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ル∠ク∇ほ∠プぴ (t hen t ake a not ice of war) means, "Be sure of a war from Allah and His Messenger.'' He also said, "On t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hose who eat Riba will be t old, ` t ake up arms for war.''' He t hen recit ed,

びヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ゆ ∃ ∇ゲエ ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルク∠ ∇ほプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (And if you do not do it , t hen t ake a not ice of war from Allah and His Messenger.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about ,

びヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ゆ ∃ ∇ゲエ ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルク∠ ∇ほプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (And if you do not do it , t hen t ake a not ice of war from Allah and His Messenger,) "Whoever kept dealing wit h Riba and did not refrain from it , t hen t he Muslim Leader should require him t o repent . If he st ill did not refrain from Riba, t he Muslim Leader should cut off his head.'' Allah t hen said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ サ ⊥ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ら⊥ゎ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (But if you repent , you shall have your capit al sums. Deal not unj ust ly) by t aking t he Riba,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And you shall not be dealt wit h unj ust ly) meaning, your original capit al will not diminish. Rat her, you will receive only what you lent wit hout increase or decrease. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Amr bin Al-Ahwas said, "The Messenger of Allah gave a speech during t he Farewell Haj j saying;

∀ネヲ⊥ッ∇ヲョ∠ ∩͡るΒｚ ヤ͡ワ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ⇔よ͡ケ ｚモミ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ユ⊥ムャ͡や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ サ ⊥ ヱ⊥ぼケ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∩⊥ヮヤぁミ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚらバ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠よ͡ケ ∩∃ネヲ⊥ッ∇ヲョ∠ ゅ⇔よ͡ケ メ ⊥ ヱｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ «ヮぁヤミ⊥ ∀ネヲ⊥ッ∇ヲョ∠ ょ ͡ ヤ͡ト ｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや͡ギ∇らハ ∠ リ ͡ ∇よ (Verily, every case of Riba from t he Jahiliyyah is complet ely annulled. You will only t ake back your capit al, wit hout increase or decrease. The first Riba t hat I annul is t he Riba of Al-` Abbas bin ` Abdul-Mut t alib, all of it is annulled.)

Being Kind to Debtors Who Face Financial Difficulties Allah said,

ラ∠ぺヱ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ ジ ∠ ∇Βョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ り∀ ゲ∠ ヌ ͡ レ∠ プ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ ∇ジハ ⊥ ヱ⊥ク ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇やヲ⊥ホギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ (And if t he debt or is having a hard t ime, t hen grant him t ime t ill it is easy for him t o repay; but if you remit it by way of charit y, t hat is bet t er for you if you did but know.) Allah commands credit ors t o be pat ient wit h debt ors who are having a hard t ime financially,

びり∃ ゲ∠ ジ ∠ ∇Βョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ り∀ ゲ∠ ヌ ͡ レ∠ プ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ ∇ジハ ⊥ ヱ⊥ク ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if t he debt or is having a hard t ime (has no money), t hen grant him t ime t ill it is easy for him t o repay.) During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, when t he debt came t o t erm, t he credit or would say t o t he debt or, "Eit her pay now or int erest will be added t o t he debt .'' Allah encouraged credit ors t o give debt ors respit e regarding t heir debt s and promised all t hat is good, and a great reward from Him for t his right eous deed,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇やヲ⊥ホギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (But if you remit it by way of charit y, t hat is bet t er for you if you did but know) meaning, if you forfeit your debt s and cancel t hem complet ely. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Sulayman bin Buraydah said t hat his fat her said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

«る∠ホギ∠ タ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んョ͡ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ∩や⇔ゲジ ͡ ∇バョ⊥ ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » (Whoever gives t ime t o a debt or facing hard t imes, will gain charit y of equal proport ions for each day he gives.) I also heard t he Prophet say,

«る∠ホギ∠ タ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んョ͡ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ∩や⇔ゲジ ͡ ∇バョ⊥ ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » (Whoever gives t ime t o a debt or facing hard t imes, will earn charit y mult iplied t wo t imes for each day he gives.) I said, ` O Messenger of Allah! I heard you say, ` Whoever gives t ime t o a debt or facing hard t imes, will gain charit y of equal proport ions for each day he gives.' I also heard you say, ` Whoever gives t ime t o a debt or facing hard t imes, will earn charit y mult iplied by t wo t imes for each day he gives.' He said,

∩⊥リ∇Αギｚ ャや モ ｚエ ͡ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ る∀ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んョ͡ ュ∃ ヲ∠Α あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠» ロ⊥ ゅ∠ヤ∇んョ͡ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ∩⊥ロゲ∠ ヌ ∠ ∇ルほ∠プ∠ リ ⊥ ∇Αｚギャや モ ｚェ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ «る∠ホギ∠ タ ∠ (He will earn charit y of equal proport ions for each day (he gives t ime) before t he t erm of t he debt comes t o an end, and when t he t erm comes t o an end, he will again acquire charit y mult iplied by t wo t imes for each day if he gives more t ime.)'' Ahmad recorded t hat Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi said t hat Abu Qat adah had a debt on a man, who used t o hide from Abu Qat adah when he looked for him t o pay what he owed him. One day, Abu Qat adah came looking for t he debt or and a young boy came out , and he asked him about t he debt or and found out t hat he was in t he house eat ing. Abu Qat adah said in a loud voice, "O Fellow! Come out , for I was t old t hat you are in t he house.'' The man came out and Abu Qat adah asked him, "Why are you hiding from me'' The man said, "I am having a hard t ime financially, and I do not have any money.'' Abu Qat adah said, "By Allah, are you t ruly facing a hard t ime'' He said, "Yes.'' Abu Qat adah cried and said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

モ あニ ͡ ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ∩ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゅ∠エョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ Α͡ゲビ ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ザ ∠ ヘｚ ル∠ ∇リョ∠ » «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや (Whoever gives t ime t o his debt or, or forgives t he debt , will be in t he shade of t he Throne (of Allah) on t he Day of Resurrect ion.)'' Muslim also recorded t his Hadit h in his Sahih. Al-Hafiz Abu Ya` la Al-Mawsili recorded t hat Hudhayfah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

や∠クゅ∠ョ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β͡らハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ギ∃ ∇らバ∠ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ヶ ∠ ゎ͡ ぺ⊥» ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α マ ∠ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∨ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ヶ͡ャ ろ ∠ ∇ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゐ ∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケぺ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α :ゅ∠ワゲ͡ カ ͡ へ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ギ⊥ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ れ ∃ やｚゲョ∠ ∩∠サゅｚレャや ノ⊥ Α͡ ゅ∠よぺ⊥ ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∃メゅ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇ツプ∠ ヶ͡レわ∠ ∇Βト ∠ ∇ハぺ∠

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ⊥ あジΑ∠ ぺ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇レム⊥ プ∠ ∩⊥コやヲ∠イ∇ャや ヶ͡ボヤ⊥カ ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩∠ゲジ ͡ ∇バヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ヌ ͡ ∇ルぺ⊥ヱ∠ ゲ͡ シ ͡ ヲ⊥ヨ∇ャや «るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡カ ⊥ ∇キや ∩⊥ゲジ あ Β∠ Α⊥ ∇リョ∠ ペ ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ :モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ (On t he Day of Resurrect ion, one of Allah's servant s will be summoned before Him and He will ask him, "What deeds did you perform for Me in your life'' He will say, "O Lord! In my life, I have not performed a deed for Your sake t hat equals an at om,'' t hree t imes. The t hird t ime, t he servant will add, "O Lord! You grant ed me wealt h and I used t o be a merchant . I used t o be lenient , giving easy t erms t o t hose well-off and giving t ime t o t he debt ors who faced hard t imes.'' Allah will say, "I Am t he Most Wort hy of giving easy t erms. Therefore, ent er Paradise.'') Al-Bukhari, Muslim and Ibn Maj ah also recorded t his Hadit h from Hudhayfah, and Muslim recorded a similar wording from ` Uqbah bin ` Amir and Abu Mas` ud Al-Badri. Allah furt her advised His servant s, by reminding t hem t hat t his life will soon end and all t he wealt h in it will vanish. He also reminded t hem t hat t he Hereaft er will surely come, when t he Ret urn t o Him will occur, and t hat He will hold His creat ion account able for what t hey did, rewarding t hem or punishing t hem accordingly. Allah also warned t hem against His t orment ,

ぁモミ⊥ ヴｚプヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚョ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ (And have Taqwa for t he Day when you shall be brought back t o Allah. Then every person shall be paid what he earned, and t hey shall not be dealt wit h unj ust ly.) It was report ed t hat t his was t he last Ayah revealed from t he Glorious Qur'an. An-Nasa'i recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The last Ayah t o be revealed from t he Qur'an was,

ぁモミ⊥ ヴｚプヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚョ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ (And have Taqwa for t he Day when you shall be brought back t o Allah. Then every person shall be paid what he earned, and t hey shall not be dealt wit h unj ust ly.'') This is t he same narrat ion report ed by Ad-Dahhak and Al-` Awfi from Ibn ` Abbas.

モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ∃ ∇Αギ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥わレ∠Αや∠ギゎ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ メ ͡ ∇ギバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ょ͡ゎゅ∠ミ ユ⊥ムレ∠ ∇Βよｚ ょ⊥わ∇ムΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥らわ⊥ ∇ミゅ∠プ ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ ∇ょわ⊥ ∇ムΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ょ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ょ͡ゎゅ∠ミ ゆ ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ わｚΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ン͡グャｚや モ ͡ ヤ͡∇ヨΒ⊥ ∇ャヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヰΒ͡ヘシ ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラみ∠プ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ザガ ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ヮ⊥ Βぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇モヤ͡∇ヨΒ⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ｚモヨ͡ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ノ⊥ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡バッ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠ィケあ リあョ リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Β͡ヰセ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ∇ゼわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ メ ͡ ∇ギバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲッ ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ リｚヨョ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ゎぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや∠ヱ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ゲ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ や∠ギ∇ェま͡ ゲ∠ ミあ グ∠ わ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ や∠ギ∇ェ∇ま モ ｚツ ͡ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ￢͡ へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハキ⊥ ゅ∠ョ や∠クま͡ ￢⊥ へ∠ギ∠ヰゼ ぁ ャや ゆ ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ゲ∇カΙ ｙや ヮ͡ ヤ͡ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ や⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡ピタ ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥らわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠∇ジゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ り͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ヤ͡ャ ュ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ テ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヱ⊥ゲΑ͡ギゎ⊥ り⇔ ゲ∠ ッ ͡ ゅ∠ェ り⇔ ゲ∠ ⇒∠イゎ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ∇ゲゎ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥らわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∀ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ょ͡ゎゅ∠ミ ケｚ べ∠ツΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ∀ベヲ⊥ジプ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ (282. O you who believe! When you cont ract a debt for a fixed period, writ e it down. Let a scribe writ e it down in j ust ice bet ween you. Let not t he scribe refuse t o writ e, as Allah has t aught him, so let him writ e. Let him (t he debt or) who incurs t he liabilit y dict at e, and he must have Taqwa of Allah, his Lord, and diminish not anyt hing of what he owes. But if t he debt or is

of poor underst anding, or weak, or is unable t o dict at e for himself, t hen let his guardian dict at e in j ust ice. And get t wo wit nesses out of your own men. And if t here are not t wo men (available), t hen a man and t wo women, such as you agree for wit nesses, so t hat if one of t hem (t wo women) errs, t he ot her can remind her. And t he wit nesses should not refuse when t hey are called (for evidence). You should not become weary t o writ e it (your cont ract ), whet her it be small or big, for it s fixed t erm, t hat is more j ust wit h Allah; more solid as evidence, and more convenient t o prevent doubt s among yourselves, save when it is a present t rade which you carry out on t he spot among yourselves, t hen t here is no sin on you if you do not writ e it down. But t ake wit nesses whenever you make a commercial cont ract . Let neit her scribe nor wit ness suffer any harm, but if you do (such harm), it would be wickedness in you. So have Taqwa of Allah; and Allah t eaches you. And Allah is t he All-Knower of everyt hing.)

The Necessity of Writing Transactions That Take Effect Later on This Ayah is t he longest in t he Glorious Qur'an. Imam Abu Ja` far bin Jarir recorded t hat Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib said t hat he was t old t hat t he Ayah most recent ly revealed from above t he Throne -- t he last Ayah t o be revealed in t he Qur'an -- was t he Ayah about debt s. Allah's st at ement ,

モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ∃ ∇Αギ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥わレ∠Αや∠ギゎ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ びロ⊥ ヲ⊥らわ⊥ ∇ミゅ∠プ ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ (O you who believe! When you cont ract a debt for a fixed period, writ e it down) direct s Allah's believing servant s t o record t heir business t ransact ions when t heir t erm is delayed, t o preserve t he t erms and t iming of t hese t ransact ions, and t he memory of wit nesses, as ment ioned at t he end of t he Ayah,

Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ り͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ヤ͡ャ ュ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ テ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ び∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ∇ゲゎ∠ (t hat is more j ust wit h Allah; more solid as evidence, and more convenient t o prevent doubt s among yourselves.) The Two Sahihs recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Allah's Messenger came t o Al-Madinah, while t he people were in t he habit of paying in advance for fruit s t o be delivered wit hin one or t wo years. The Messenger of Allah said,

ラ ∃ ∇コヱ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∃ュヲ⊥ヤ∇バョ∠ モ ∃ ∇Βミ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ブヤ͡∇ジΒ⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ∩∠ブヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ュヲ⊥ヤ∇バョ∠ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∩∃ュヲ⊥ヤ∇バョ∠

(Whoever pays money in advance (for dat es t o be delivered lat er) should pay it for known specified measure and weight (of t he dat es) for a specified dat e. ) Allah's st at ement ,

びロ⊥ ヲ⊥らわ⊥ ∇ミゅ∠プぴ (writ e it down) is a command from Him t o record such t ransact ions t o endorse and preserve t heir t erms. Ibn Jurayj said, "Whoever borrowed should writ e t he t erms, and whoever bought should have wit nesses.'' Abu Sa` id, Ash-Sha` bi, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Al-Hasan, Ibn Jurayj and Ibn Zayd said t hat recording such t ransact ions was necessary before, but was t hen abrogat ed by Allah's st at ement ,

リ ∠ ヨ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇ぼや ン͡グャｚや キあ ぽ∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ムツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ぴ びヮ⊥ わ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠ョぺ∠ (Then if one of you ent rust s t he ot her, let t he one who is ent rust ed discharge his t rust (fait hfully).) Allah's st at ement ,

びメ ͡ ∇ギバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ょ͡ゎゅ∠ミ ユ⊥ムレ∠ ∇Βよｚ ょ⊥わ∇ムΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ぴ (Let a scribe writ e it down in j ust ice bet ween you) and in t rut h. Therefore, t he scribe is not allowed t o cheat any part y of t he cont ract and is t o only record what t he part ies of t he cont ract agreed t o, wit hout addit ion or delet ion. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ょわ⊥ ∇ムΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ょ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ょ͡ゎゅ∠ミ ゆ ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Let not t he scribe refuse t o writ e, as Allah has t aught him, so let him writ e) means, "Those who know how t o writ e should not refrain from writ ing t ransact ion cont ract s when asked t o do so.'' Furt her, let writ ing such cont ract s be a t ype of charit y from t he scribe for t hose who are not let t ered, j ust as Allah t aught him what he knew not . Therefore, let him writ e, j ust as t he Hadit h st at ed,

ノ∠ レ∠ ∇ダゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩ゅ⇔バル͡ ゅ∠タ リ ∠ Β͡バゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ る͡ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡» «ベ∠ゲ∇カほ∠ャ͡ (It is a t ype of charit y t o help a worker and t o do somet hing for a feeble person.)

In anot her Hadit h, t he Prophet said,

∇リョ͡ ュ∃ ゅ∠イヤ͡よ͡ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ユ∠ イ ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥ ∩⊥ヮヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ユ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ケゅ∠ル (Whoever kept knowledge t o himself will be rest rained by a bridle made of fire on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) Muj ahid and ` At a' said t hat if asked t o do so, "The scribe is required t o record.'' Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ わｚΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ン͡グャｚや モ ͡ ヤ͡∇ヨΒ⊥ ∇ャヱ∠ ぴ (Let him (t he debt or) who incurs t he liabilit y dict at e, and he must have Taqwa of Allah, his Lord) indicat es t hat t he debt or should dict at e t o t he scribe what he owes, so let him fear Allah,

びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ザガ ∠ ∇らΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And diminish not anyt hing of what he owes,) meaning, not hide any port ion of what he owes.

びゅ⇔ヰΒ͡ヘシ ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラみ∠プぴ (But if t he debt or is of poor underst anding) and is not allowed t o decide on such mat t ers, because he used t o wast e money, for inst ance,

びゅ⇔ヘΒ͡バッ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or weak), such as being t oo young or insane,

びヲ∠ ワ⊥ ｚモヨ͡ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ノ⊥ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or is unable t o dict at e for himself) because of a disease, or ignorance about such mat t ers,

びメ ͡ ∇ギバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ Βぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇モヤ͡∇ヨΒ⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ぴ (t hen let his guardian dict at e in j ust ice.)

Witnesses Should Attend the Dictation of Contracts Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠ィケあ リあョ リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Β͡ヰセ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ∇ゼわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ (And get t wo wit nesses out of your own men) requiring wit nesses t o at t end t he dict at ion of cont ract s t o furt her preserve t he cont ent s,

びラ ͡ ゅ∠ゎぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや∠ヱ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ゲ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (And if t here are not t wo men (available), t hen a man and t wo women) t his requirement is only for cont ract s t hat direct ly or indirect ly involve money. Allah requires t hat t wo women t ake t he place of one man as wit ness, because of t he woman's short comings, as t he Prophet described. Muslim recorded in his Sahih t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩∠ケゅ∠ヘ∇ピわ͡ ∇シゅ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇ゲん͡ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ ∇ホギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ジレあ ャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バョ∠ ゅ∠Α» «ケゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ｚリム⊥ わ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヶあルみ͡プ∠ (O women! Give away charit y and ask for forgiveness, for I saw t hat you comprise t he maj orit y of t he people of t he Fire.) One eloquent woman said, "O Messenger of Allah! Why do we comprise t he maj orit y of t he people of t he Fire'' He said,

∇リョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩∠ゲΒ͡ゼバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠リ∇バヤｚャや ラ ∠ ∇ゲん͡ ∇ムゎ⊥ » «リ⊥ム∇レョ͡ ょ ∠ ャ⊥ ヵ͡グ͡ャ ょ ∠ ヤ∠∇ビぺ∠ ∩∃リΑ͡キヱ∠ モ ∃ ∇ボハ ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠ダホ͡ ゅ∠ル (You curse a lot and you do not appreciat e your mat e. I have never seen t hose who have short coming in mind and religion cont rolling t hose who have sound minds, ot her t han you.) She said, "O Messenger of Allah! What is t his short coming in mind and religion'' He said,

メ ⊥ ギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや り⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠ヰゼ ∠ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ボハ ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ダ∇ボル⊥ ゅｚョぺ∠» ヶ͡ャゅ∠Βヤｚャや ゑ ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヨゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡モ∇ボバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ダ∇ボル⊥ や∠グヰ∠ プ∠ ∩∃モィ ⊥ ケ∠ り∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ヰセ ∠

ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ダ∇ボル⊥ や∠グヰ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ラゅ∠ツョ∠ ケ∠ ヶ͡プ ゲ⊥ ト ͡ ∇ヘゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ヶあヤダ ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ «リΑあギャや (As for t he short coming in her mind, t he t est imony of t wo women equals t he t est imony of one man, and t his is t he short coming in t he mind. As for t he short coming in t he religion, woman remains for night s at a t ime when she does not pray and breaks t he fast in Ramadan) Allah's st at ement ,

び￢͡ へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲッ ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ リｚヨョ͡ ぴ (such as you agree for wit nesses) requires compet ency in t he wit nesses. Furt her, Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ヨワ⊥ や∠ギ∇ェ∇ま モ ｚツ ͡ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ (so t hat if one of t hem errs) refers t o t he t wo women wit nesses; whenever one of t hem forget s a part of t he t est imony,

びン∠ゲ∇カΙ ｙ や ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ や∠ギ∇ェま͡ ゲ∠ ミあ グ∠ わ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (t he ot her can remind her) meaning, t he ot her woman's t est imony mends t he short coming of forget fulness in t he first woman. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヲ⊥ハキ⊥ ゅ∠ョ や∠クま͡ ￢⊥ へ∠ギ∠ヰゼ ぁ ャや ゆ ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he wit nesses should not refuse when t hey are called) means, when people are called t o be wit nesses, t hey should agree, as Qat adah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas st at ed. Similarly, Allah said,

び∇ょわ⊥ ∇ムΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ょ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ょ͡ゎゅ∠ミ ゆ ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Let not t he scribe refuse t o writ e as Allah has t aught him,

メ ⊥ ギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや り⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠ヰゼ ∠ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ボハ ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ダ∇ボル⊥ ゅｚョぺ∠» ヶ͡ャゅ∠Βヤｚャや ゑ ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヨゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡モ∇ボバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ダ∇ボル⊥ や∠グヰ∠ プ∠ ∩∃モィ ⊥ ケ∠ り∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ヰセ ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ダ∇ボル⊥ や∠グヰ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ラゅ∠ツョ∠ ケ∠ ヶ͡プ ゲ⊥ ト ͡ ∇ヘゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ヶあヤダ ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ «リΑあギャや (As for t he short coming in her mind, t he t est imony of t wo women equals t he t est imony of one man, and t his is t he short coming in t he mind. As for t he short coming in t he religion, woman remains for night s at a t ime when she does not pray and breaks t he fast in Ramadan) Allah's st at ement ,

び￢͡ へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲッ ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ リｚヨョ͡ ぴ (such as you agree for wit nesses) requires compet ency in t he wit nesses. Furt her, Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ヨワ⊥ や∠ギ∇ェ∇ま モ ｚツ ͡ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ (so t hat if one of t hem errs) refers t o t he t wo women wit nesses; whenever one of t hem forget s a part of t he t est imony,

びン∠ゲ∇カΙ ｙ や ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ や∠ギ∇ェま͡ ゲ∠ ミあ グ∠ わ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (t he ot her can remind her) meaning, t he ot her woman's t est imony mends t he short coming of forget fulness in t he first woman. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヲ⊥ハキ⊥ ゅ∠ョ や∠クま͡ ￢⊥ へ∠ギ∠ヰゼ ぁ ャや ゆ ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he wit nesses should not refuse when t hey are called) means, when people are called t o be wit nesses, t hey should agree, as Qat adah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas st at ed. Similarly, Allah said,

び∇ょわ⊥ ∇ムΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ょ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ょ͡ゎゅ∠ミ ゆ ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(Let not t he scribe refuse t o writ e as Allah has t aught him, so let him writ e.) Some say t hat t his Ayah indicat es t hat agreeing t o become a wit ness is Fard Kifayah (required on at least a part of t he Muslim Ummah). However, t he maj orit y of t he scholars say t hat t he Ayah,

び∇やヲ⊥ハキ⊥ ゅ∠ョ や∠クま͡ ￢⊥ へ∠ギ∠ヰゼ ぁ ャや ゆ ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he wit nesses should not refuse when t hey are called) is referring t o t est ifying t o what t he wit nesses act ually wit nessed, t hus befit t ing t heir descript ion of being ` wit nesses'. Therefore, when t he wit ness is called t o t est ify t o what he wit nessed, he is required t o give t est imony, unless t his obligat ion was already fulfilled, in which case such t est imony becomes Fard Kifayah. Muj ahid and Abu Mij laz said, "If you are called t o be a wit ness, t hen you have t he choice t o agree. If you wit nessed and were called t o t est ify, t hen come forward.'' It was report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas and Al-Hasan Al-Basri said t hat t he obligat ion includes bot h cases, agreeing t o be a wit ness and t est ifying t o what one wit nessed. Allah's st at ement ,

ヴ∠ャま͡ や⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔ゲΒピ͡ タ ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥らわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤ͡ィ ∠ ぺ∠ (You should not become weary t o writ e it (your cont ract ), whet her it be small or large, for it s fixed t erm) perfect s t his direct ion from Allah by commanding t hat t he debt be writ t en, whet her t he amount is large or small. Allah said,

び∇やヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (You should not become weary) meaning, do not be discouraged against writ ing t ransact ions and t heir t erms, whet her t he amount involved is large or small. Allah's st at ement ,

Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ り͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ヤ͡ャ ュ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ テ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ び∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ∇ゲゎ∠ (t hat is more j ust wit h Allah; more solid as evidence, and more convenient t o prevent doubt s among yourselves) means, writ ing t ransact ions t hat will be fulfillled at a lat er dat e is more j ust wit h Allah meaning bet t er and more convenient in order t o preserve t he t erms of t he cont ract . Therefore, recording such agreement s helps t he wit nesses, when t hey see t heir handwrit ing or signat ures - lat er on and t hus remember what t hey wit nessed, for it is possible t hat t he wit nesses might forget what t hey wit nessed.

び∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ∇ゲゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And more convenient t o prevent doubt s among yourselves) meaning, t his helps repel any doubt . Since if you need t o refer t o t he cont ract t hat you wrot e and t he doubt will end. Allah's st at ement ,

∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヱ⊥ゲΑ͡ギゎ⊥ り⇔ ゲ∠ ッ ͡ ゅ∠ェ り⇔ ゲ∠ ⇒∠イゎ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ま͡ぴ びゅ∠ワヲ⊥らわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ (save when it is a present t rade which you carry out on t he spot among yourselves, t hen t here is no sin on you if you do not writ e it down) indicat es t hat if t he t ransact ion will be fulfilled immediat ely, t hen t here is no harm if it is not recorded. As for requiring wit nesses t o be present in t rading t ransact ions, Allah said,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (But t ake wit nesses whenever you make a commercial cont ract . ) However, t his command was abrogat ed by,

リ ∠ ヨ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇ぼや ン͡グャｚや キあ ぽ∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ムツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ぴ びヮ⊥ わ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠ョぺ∠ (Then if one of you ent rust s t he ot her, let t he one who is ent rust ed discharge his t rust (fait hfully).) Or, it could be t hat having wit nesses in such cases is only recommended and not obligat ory, as evident from t he Hadit h t hat Khuzaymah bin Thabit Al-Ansari narrat ed which Imam Ahmad collect ed. ` Umarah bin Khuzaymah Al-Ansari said t hat his uncle, who was among t he Prophet 's Companions, t old him t hat t he Prophet was making a deal for a horse wit h a bedouin man. The Prophet asked t he bedouin t o follow him so t hat he could pay him t he price of t he horse. The Prophet went ahead of t he bedouin. The bedouin met several men who t ried t o buy his horse, not knowing if t he Prophet was act ually det ermined t o buy it . Some people offered more money for t he horse t han t he Prophet had. The bedouin man said t o t he Prophet , "If you want t o buy t his horse, t hen buy it or I will sell it t o someone else.'' When he heard t he bedouin man's words, t he Prophet st ood up and said, "Have I not bought t hat horse from you'' The bedouin said, "By Allah! I have not sold it t o you.'' The Prophet said, "Rat her, I did buy it from you.'' The people gat hered around t he Prophet and t he Bedouin while t hey were disput ing, and t he bedouin said, "Bring fort h a wit ness who t est ifies t hat I sold you t he horse.'' Meanwhile, t he

Muslims who came said t o t he bedouin, "Woe t o you! The Prophet only says t he t rut h.'' When Khuzaymah bin Thabit came and heard t he disput e bet ween t he Prophet and t he bedouin who was saying, "Bring fort h a wit ness who t est ifies t hat I sold you t he horse, '' Khuzaymah said, "I bear wit ness t hat you sold him t he horse.'' The Prophet said t o Khuzaymah, "What is t he basis of your t est imony'' Khuzaymah said, "That I ent rust ed you, O Messenger of Allah!'' Therefore, t he Messenger made Khuzaymah's t est imony equal t o t he t est imony of t wo men. This was also recorded by Abu Dawud and An-Nasa ®299 . Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ょ͡ゎゅ∠ミ ケｚ べ∠ツΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Let neit her scribe nor wit ness suffer (or cause) any harm) also indicat es t hat t he scribe and t he wit ness must not cause any harm, such as, when t he scribe writ es ot her t han what he is being dict at ed, or t he wit ness t est ifies t o ot her t han what he heard or conceals his t est imony. This is t he explanat ion of Al-Hasan and Qat adah.'' Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ∀ベヲ⊥ジプ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (But if you do (such harm), it would be wickedness in you) means, "If you defy what you were commanded and commit what you were prohibit ed, t hen it is because of t he sin t hat resides and remains wit h you; sin t hat you never release or rid yourselves from.'' Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ やヱ∠ ぴ (So have Taqwa of Allah) means, fear Him, remember His wat ch over you, implement His command and avoid what He prohibit ed,

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah t eaches you. ) Similarly, Allah said,

∇ユム⊥ ャｚ モ∠バ∇イΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ラ∠ま ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒͡Αぴ びゅ⇔ルゅ∠ホ∇ゲプ⊥ (O you who believe! If you have Taqwa of Allah, He will grant you Furqan (a crit erion t o j udge bet ween right and wrong) ) 8:29 , and,

ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シゲ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ モ∠バ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ョ リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠∇ヘミ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ びヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ヨゎ∠ (O you who believe! Have Taqwa of Allah, and believe in His Messenger, He will give you a double port ion of His mercy, and He will give you a light by which you shall walk (st raight )) 57:28 . Allah said;

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is t he All-Knower of everyt hing) st at ing t hat Allah has perfect knowledge in all mat t ers and in t heir benefit s or repercussions, and not hing escapes His perfect wat ch, for His knowledge encompasses everyt hing in exist ence.

∀リ⇒∠ワ͡ゲ∠プ ゅ⇔ら͡ゎゅ∠ミ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ヘ∠ シ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ ン͡グャｚや キあ ぽ∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ムツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ る∀ ッ ∠ ヲ⊥ら∇ボョｚ り∠ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ わｚ Β∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠ョぺ∠ リ ∠ ヨ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇ぼや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ヤホ∠ ∀ユ͡をや∠￢ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ (283. And if you are on a j ourney and cannot find a scribe, t hen let t here be a pledge t aken (mort gaging), t hen if one of you ent rust s t he ot her, let t he one who is ent rust ed discharge his t rust , and let him have Taqwa of Allah, his Lord. And conceal not t he evidence, for he who hides it , surely, his heart is sinful. And Allah is All-Knower of what you do.)

What is the ` Mortgaging' Mentioned in the Ayah Allah said,

びゲ∃ ヘ∠ シ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ

(And if you are on a j ourney) meaning, t raveling and some of you borrowed some money t o be paid at a lat er dat e,

びゅ⇔ら͡ゎゅ∠ミ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and cannot find a scribe) who would record t he debt for you. Ibn ` Abbas said, "And even if t hey find a scribe, but did not find paper, ink or pen.'' Then,

びる∀ ッ ∠ ヲ⊥ら∇ボョｚ ∀リ⇒∠ワ͡ゲ∠プぴ (let t here be a pledge t aken (mort gaging)) given t o t he credit or in lieu of writ ing t he t ransact ion. The Two Sahihs recorded t hat Anas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah died while his shield was mort gaged wit h a Jew in ret urn for t hirt y Wasq (approximat ely 180 kg) of barley, which t he Prophet bought on credit as provisions for his household. In anot her narrat ion, t he Hadit h st at ed t hat t his Jew was among t he Jews of Al-Madinah. Allah said,

リ ∠ ヨ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇ぼや ン͡グャｚや キあ ぽ∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ムツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ぴ びヮ⊥ わ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠ョぺ∠ (t hen if one of you ent rust s t he ot her, let t he one who is ent rust ed discharge his t rust (fait hfully).) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded, wit h a sound chain of narrat ion, t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri said, "This Ayah abrogat ed what came before it (i.e. t hat which required recording t he t ransact ion and having wit nesses present ).'' Ash-Sha` bi said, "If you t rust each ot her, t hen t here is no harm if you do not writ e t he loan or have wit nesses present .'' Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ わｚ Β∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ぴ (And let him have Taqwa of Allah) means, t he debt or. Imam Ahmad and t he Sunan recorded t hat Qat adah said t hat Al-Hasan said t hat Samurah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ヮ∠Αキあ ぽ∠ ゎ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩∇れグ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ Β∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠» (The hand (of t he debt or) will carry t he burden of what it t ook unt il it gives it back.) Allah's st at ement ,

びり∠ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And conceal not t he evidence) means, do not hide it or refuse t o announce it . Ibn ` Abbas and ot her scholars said, "False t est imony is one of t he worst of t he maj or sins, and such is t he case wit h hiding t he t rue t est imony. This is why Allah said,

びヮ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ヤホ∠ ∀ユ͡をや∠￢ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (For he who hides it , surely, his heart is sinful). As-Suddi comment ed, "Meaning he is a sinner in his heart .'' This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨを͡ Ι ｘやリ ∠ ヨ͡ ャｚ や⇔ク∠ ま͡ べｚル͡ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャや り∠ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰセ ∠ ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (We shall not hide t est imony of Allah, for t hen indeed we should be of t he sinful) 5:106 . Allah said,

テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ∠ Β͡ョやｚヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ￢͡ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ よ͡ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャゅ∠プ や⇔ゲΒ∠ボプ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ レ͡ ビ ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ラ͡ま リ ∠ Β͡よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ヲ∇ヤゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ン∠ヲヰ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ び や⇔ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッ͡ゲ∇バゎ⊥ (O you who believe! St and out firmly for j ust ice, as wit nesses t o Allah, even t hough it be against yourselves, or your parent s, or your kin, be he rich or poor, Allah is a bet t er Prot ect or t o bot h (t han you). So follow not t he lust s (of your heart s), lest you avoid j ust ice; and if you dist ort your wit ness or refuse t o give it , verily, Allah is Ever Well-Acquaint ed wit h what you do) 4:135 and in t his Ayah 2:283 He said,

ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ヤホ∠ ∀ユ͡をや∠￢ ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ り∠ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (And conceal not t he evidence, for he who hides it , surely, his heart is sinful. And Allah is AllKnower of what you do.)

∇やヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャあぴ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ム∇らシ ͡ ゅ∠エΑ⊥ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ゆ ⊥ あグバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ (284. To Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is on t he eart h, and whet her you disclose what is in yourselves or conceal it , Allah will call you t o account for it . Then He forgives whom He wills and punishes whom He wills. And Allah is able t o do all t hings.)

Would the Servants be Accountable for What They Conceal in Their Hearts Allah st at es t hat His is t he kingship of t he heavens and eart h and of what and whoever is on or bet ween t hem, t hat He has perfect wat ch over t hem. No apparent mat t er or secret t hat t he heart conceals is ever a secret t o Him, however minor it is. Allah also st at es t hat He will hold His servant s account able for what t hey do and what t hey conceal in t heir heart s. In similar st at ement s, Allah said,

ヮ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ラ͡ま ∇モホ⊥ ぴ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (Say (O Muhammad ): "Whet her you hide what is in your breast s or reveal it , Allah knows it , and He knows what is in t he heavens and what is in t he eart h. And Allah is able t o do all t hings) 3:29 , and,

びヴ∠ヘ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲｚ ジ あ ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ぴ

(He knows t he secret and t hat which is yet more hidden.) There are many ot her Ayat on t his subj ect . In t his Ayah 2:284 , Allah st at es t hat He has knowledge of what t he heart s conceal, and consequent ly, He will hold t he creat ion account able for what ever is in t heir heart s. This is why when t his Ayah was revealed, it was hard on t he Companions, since out of t heir st rong fait h and convict ion, t hey were afraid t hat such reckoning would diminish t heir good deeds. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "When

∇やヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャあぴ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ム∇らシ ͡ ゅ∠エΑ⊥ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ゆ ⊥ あグバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ (To Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is on t he eart h, and whet her you disclose what is in yourselves or conceal it , Allah will call you t o account for it . Then He forgives whom He wills and punishes whom He wills. And Allah is able t o do all t hings) was revealed t o t he Messenger of Allah , it was very hard for t he Companions of t he Messenger . The Companions came t o t he Messenger and fell t o t heir knees saying, ` O Messenger of Allah! We were asked t o perform what we can bear of deeds: t he prayer, t he fast , Jihad and charit y. However, t his Ayah was revealed t o you, and we cannot bear it .' The Messenger of Allah said,

∇リョ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅヨミ∠ やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ ぺ∠» ゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホ ∇モよ∠ ∨ゅ∠レ∇Βダ ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ :∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ «ゲΒ͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ や∠ゲ∇ヘビ ⊥ (Do you want t o repeat what t he People of t he Two Script ures before you said, t hat is, ` We hear and we disobey' Rat her, say, ` We hear and we obey, and we seek Your forgiveness, O our Lord, and t he Ret urn is t o You.) When t he people accept ed t his st at ement and t heir t ongues recit ed it , Allah sent down aft erwards,

ヮ͡ よあ ケｚ リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨ͡よ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ぴ ヮ͡ ら͡ わ⊥ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケぁ リあョ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ベ ⊥ あゲヘ∠ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ や∠ゲ∇ヘビ ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ (The Messenger believes in what has been sent down t o him from his Lord, and (so do)t he believers. Each one believes in Allah, His Angels, His Books, and His Messengers. (They say,) "We make no dist inct ion bet ween one anot her of His Messengers and t hey say, "We hear, and we obey. (We seek) Your forgiveness, our Lord, and t o You is t he ret urn (of all).'') When t hey did t hat , Allah abrogat ed t he Ayah 2:284 and sent down t he Ayah,

∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ゅ∠ヰバ∠ ∇シヱ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ブ ⊥ あヤム∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ぴ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠レΒ͡ジルｚ ラ͡ま べ∠ル∇グカ ͡ や∠ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ わ∠ ∇ミや ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ びゅ∠ル∇ほト ∠ ∇カぺ∠ (Allah burdens not a person beyond his scope. He get s reward for t hat (good) which he has earned, and he is punished for t hat (evil) which he has earned. "Our Lord! Punish us not if we forget or fall int o error.'') unt il t he end.'' Muslim recorded it wit h t he wording; "When t hey did t hat , Allah abrogat ed it 2:284 and sent down,

∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ゅ∠ヰバ∠ ∇シヱ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ブ ⊥ あヤム∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ぴ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠レΒ͡ジルｚ ラ͡ま べ∠ル∇グ͡カや∠ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ わ∠ ∇ミや ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ びゅ∠ル∇ほト ∠ ∇カぺ∠ (Allah burdens not a person beyond his scope. He get s reward for t hat (good) which he has earned, and he is punished for t hat (evil) which he has earned. "Our Lord! Punish us not if we forget or fall int o error''.) Allah said, ` I shall (accept your supplicat ion),'

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ や⇔ゲ∇タま͡ べ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇モヨ͡ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ びゅ∠レヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ("Our Lord! Lay not on us a burden like t hat which You did lay on t hose before us (Jews and Christ ians)'') Allah said, ` I shall (accept your supplicat ion),'

びヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ る∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠デ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヨあ エ ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ ("Our Lord! Put not on us a burden great er t han we have st rengt h t o bear. '') Allah said, ` I shall (accept your supplicat ion),'

ゅ∠レ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠レ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや∠ヱ ゅｚレ∠ハ ブ ⊥ ∇ハや∠ヱぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲダ ⊥ ∇ルゅ∠プ ("Pardon us and grant us forgiveness. Have mercy on us. You are our Mawla (Support er and Prot ect or) and give us vict ory over t he disbelieving people.'') Allah said, ` I shall.''' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Muj ahid said, "I saw Ibn ` Abbas and said t o him, ` O Abu Abbas! I was wit h Ibn ` Umar, and he read t his Ayah and cried.' He asked, ` Which Ayah' I said,

びロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ ` (And whet her you disclose what is in yourselves or conceal it .)' Ibn ` Abbas said, ` When t his Ayah was revealed, it was very hard on t he Companions of t he Messenger of Allah and worried t hem t remendously. They said: O Messenger of Allah! We know t hat we would be punished according t o our st at ement s and our act ions, but as for what occurs in our heart s, we do not cont rol what is in t hem.' The Messenger of Allah said,

«ゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホ» (Say, ` We hear and we obey.') They said, ` We hear and we obey.' Thereaft er, t his Ayah abrogat ed t he previous Ayah,

ヮ͡ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨ͡よ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ (The Messenger believes in what has been sent down t o him from his Lord, and (so do) t he believers. Each one believes in Allah), unt il,

∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ゅ∠ヰバ∠ ∇シヱ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ブ ⊥ あヤム∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ぴ び∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ わ∠ ∇ミや ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ (Allah burdens not a person beyond his scope. He get s reward for t hat (good) which he has earned, and he is punished for t hat (evil) which he has earned.) Therefore, t hey were pardoned what happens in t heir heart s, and were held account able only for t heir act ions.''' The Group recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ろを∠ ギｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リハ ∠ ヶ͡ャ コ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠イゎ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» «モ∠ヨ∇バゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヤｚム∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ (Allah has pardoned my Ummah for what t hey say t o t hemselves, as long as t hey do not ut t er it or act on it .) The Two Sahihs recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩͡ヮΒ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥らわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ る∃ ゃ∠ Βあ ジ ∠ よ͡ ヵギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ ユｚ ワ∠ や∠クま͡ :ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ» ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ る∃ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ よ͡ ユｚ ワ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩⇔るゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥らわ⊥ ∇ミゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥らわ⊥ ∇ミゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩⇔るレ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥らわ⊥ ∇ミゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ «や⇔ゲ∇ゼハ ∠ (Allah said (t o His angels), "If My servant int ends t o commit an evil deed, do not record it as such for him, and if he commit s it , writ e it for him as one evil deed. If he int ends t o perform a good deed, but did not perform it , t hen writ e it for him as one good deed, and if he performs it , writ e it for him as t en good deeds.'')

ヮ͡ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨ͡よ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ぴ ヮ͡ ら͡ わ⊥ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケぁ リあョ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ベ ⊥ あゲヘ∠ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ や∠ゲ∇ヘビ ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ゅ∠ヰバ∠ ∇シヱ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ブ ⊥ ∂ヤム∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠レΒ͡ジルｚ ラ͡ま べ∠ル∇グ͡カや∠ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ わ∠ ∇ミや ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ や⇔ゲ∇タま͡ べ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇モヨ͡ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ほト ∠ ∇カぺ∠ る∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠デ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヨ∂ エ ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠レヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠レ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや∠ヱ ゅｚレ∠ハ ブ ⊥ ∇ハや∠ヱ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ び-リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲダ ⊥ ∇ルゅ∠プ l(285. The Messenger believes in what has been sent down t o him from his Lord, and (so do) t he believers. Each one believes in Allah, His Angels, His Books, and His Messengers. (They say,) "We make no dist inct ion bet ween one anot her of His Messengers and t hey say, "We hear, and we obey. (We seek) Your forgiveness, our Lord, and t o You is t he ret urn (of all).'') (286. Allah burdens not a person beyond his scope. He get s reward for t hat (good) which he has earned, and he is punished for t hat (evil) which he has earned. "Our Lord! Punish us not if we forget or fall int o error, our Lord! Lay not on us a burden like t hat which You did lay on t hose before us (Jews and Christ ians); our Lord! Put not on us a burden great er t han we have st rengt h t o bear. Pardon us and grant us forgiveness. Have mercy on us. You are our Mawla (Pat ron, Support er and Prot ect or) and give us vict ory over t he disbelieving people.'') The Hadit hs on t he Virt ue of These Two Ayat , May Allah Benefit Us by Them Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Mas` ud said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩∃るヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ヶ͡プ り͡ ゲ∠ ボ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや り͡ ケ∠ ヲ⊥シ ゲ͡ カ ͡ へ ∇リョ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ Α∠ べ∇ャゅ͡よ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ホ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ロゅ∠わヘ∠ ミ∠ (Whoever recit es t he last t wo Ayat in Surat Al-Baqarah at night , t hey will suffice for him.)

The rest of t he six also recorded similar wording for t his Hadit h. The Two Sahihs recorded t his Hadit h using various chains of narrat ion, and Imam Ahmad also recorded it . Muslim recorded t hat ` Abdullah said, "When t he Messenger of Allah went on t he Isra j ourney, he ascended t o t he Sidrat Al-Munt aha in t he sixt h heaven, where what ever ascends from t he eart h ends at , and what ever descends from above it ends at .

び ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ り∠ ケ∠ ∇ギジ あ ャや ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ (When t hat covered t he lot e t ree which did cover it !) 53:16 meaning, a mat made of gold. The Messenger of Allah was t hen given t hree t hings: t he five prayers, t he last Ayat in Surat AlBaqarah and forgiveness for whoever did not associat e anyt hing or anyone wit h Allah from his Ummah.'' Earlier we ment ioned t he Hadit h regarding t he virt ues of Surat Al-Fat ihah from Ibn ` Abbas which st at ed, "While t he Messenger of Allah was wit h Jibil, he heard a noise from above. Jibil lift ed his sight t o t he sky and said, ` This is a door t hat was opened j ust now in heaven, and it was never opened before.' An angel came down t hrough t he door t o t he Prophet and said, ` Receive t he good news of t wo light s t hat you have been given and which no Prophet before you was given: t he Opener of t he Book (Al-Fat ihah) and t he last Ayat in Surat Al-Baqarah. You will not read a let t er of t hem, but you will be grant ed it s benefit .''' This Hadit h was collect ed by Muslim and An-Nasa'i, and t his is t he wording collect ed by An-Nasa'i.

The Tafsir of the Last Two Ayat of Surat Al-Baqarah Allah said,

ベ ⊥ あゲヘ∠ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ わ⊥ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケぁ リあョ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ (Each one believes in Allah, His Angels, His Books, and His Messengers. (They say,) "We make no dist inct ion bet ween one anot her of His Messengers.'') Therefore, each of t he believers believes t hat Allah is t he One and Only and t he Sust ainer, t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Him and t here is no Lord except Him. The believers also believe in all Allah's Prophet s and Messengers, in t he Books t hat were revealed from heaven t o t he Messengers and Prophet s, who are indeed t he servant s of Allah. Furt her, t he believers do not different iat e bet ween any of t he Prophet s, such as, believing in some of t hem and rej ect ing ot hers. Rat her, all of Allah's Prophet s and Messengers are, t o t he believers, t rut hful, right eous, and t hey were each guided t o t he pat h of right eousness, even when some of t hem bring what abrogat es t he Law of some ot hers by Allah's leave. Lat er on, t he Law of Muhammad, t he Final Prophet and Messenger from Allah, abrogat ed all t he laws of t he Prophet s before him. So t he Last Hour will commence while Muhammad's Law remains t he only valid Law, and all t he while a group of his Ummah will always be on t he pat h of t rut h, apparent and dominant . Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey say, "We hear, and we obey'') means, we heard Your st at ement , O our Lord, comprehended and implement ed it , and adhered t o it s implicat ions.

びゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ や∠ゲ∇ヘビ ⊥ぴ ((We seek) Your forgiveness, our Lord) cont ains a plea and supplicat ion for Allah's forgiveness, mercy and kindness. Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ヰバ∠ ∇シヱ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ブ ⊥ あヤム∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (Allah burdens not a person beyond his scope) means, Allah does not ask a soul what is beyond it s abilit y. This only demonst rat es Allah's kindness, compassion and generosit y t owards His creat ion. This Ayah is t he Ayah t hat abrogat ed t he Ayah t hat worried t he Companions, t hat is, Allah's st at ement ,

ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ム∇らシ ͡ ゅ∠エΑ⊥ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (And whet her you disclose what is in yourselves or conceal it , Allah will call you t o account for it .) This indicat es t hat alt hough Allah will quest ion His servant s and j udge t hem, He will only punish for what one is able t o prot ect himself from. As for what one cannot prot ect himself from, such as what one says t o himself - or passing t hought s - t hey will not be punished for t hat . We should st at e here t hat t o dislike t he evil t hought s t hat cross one's mind is a part of fait h. Allah said next ,

び∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ぴ (He get s reward for t hat which he has earned) of good,

び∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ わ∠ ∇ミや ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And he is punished for t hat which he has earned) of evil, t hat is, concerning t he act s t hat one is responsible for.

Allah t hen said, ment ioning what t he believers said while direct ing His servant s t o supplicat e t o Him, all t he while promising t hem t hat He will answer t heir supplicat ion:

びゅ∠ル∇ほト ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠レΒ͡ジルｚ ラ͡ま べ∠ル∇グカ ͡ や∠ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ ("Our Lord! Push us not if we forget or fall int o error,'') meaning, "If we forgot an obligat ion or fell int o a prohibit ion, or made an error while ignorant of it s ruling.'' We ment ioned t he Hadit h by Abu Hurayrah, t hat Muslim collect ed, wherein Allah said, "I shall (accept your supplicat ion).'' There is also t he Hadit h by Ibn ` Abbas t hat Allah said, "I did (accept your supplicat ion).''

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ や⇔ゲ∇タま͡ べ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇モヨ͡ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ びゅ∠レヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや (Our Lord! Lay not on us a burden like t hat which You did lay on t hose before us (Jews and Christ ians),) means, "Even if we were able t o perform t hem, do not require us t o perform t he difficult deeds as You required t he previous nat ions before us, such as t he burdens t hat were placed on t hem. You sent Your Prophet Muhammad , t he Prophet of mercy, t o abrogat e t hese burdens t hrough t he Law t hat You revealed t o him, t he Hanifi (Islamic Monot heism), easy religion.'' Muslim recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t hat Allah said, "I shall (accept your supplicat ion).'' Ibn ` Abbas narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t hat Allah said, "I did (accept your supplicat ion).'' There is t he Hadit h recorded t hrough various chains of narrat ion t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«る∠エ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや る͡ Βｚ ヘ͡ Β͡レエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ » (I was sent wit h t he easy Hanifiyyah way.)

びヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ る∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠デ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヨあ エ ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! Put not on us a burden great er t han we have st rengt h t o bear) of obligat ions, hardships and afflict ions, do not make us bear what we cannot bear of t his.

びヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ る∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠デ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヨあ エ ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! Put not on us a burden great er t han we have st rengt h t o bear.) We ment ioned t hat Allah said, "I shall (accept your supplicat ion)'' in one narrat ion, and, "I did (accept your supplicat ion),'' in anot her narrat ion.

びゅｚレ∠ハ ブ ⊥ ∇ハや∠ヱぴ (Pardon us) meaning, bet ween us and You regarding what You know of our short comings and errors.

びべ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや∠ヱぴ (And grant us forgiveness) concerning what is bet ween us and Your servant s. So do not expose our errors and evil deeds t o t hem.

びべ∠レ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱぴ (Have mercy on us) in what will come t hereaft er. Therefore, do not allow us t o fall int o anot her error. They say t hat t hose who commit error need t hree t hings: Allah's forgiveness for what is bet ween Him and t hem, t hat He conceals t hese errors from His ot her servant s, and t hus does not expose t hem before t he servant s, and t hat He grant s t hem immunit y from furt her error.'' We ment ioned before t hat Allah answered t hese pleas, "I shall,'' in one narrat ion and, "I did,'' in anot her narrat ion.

びゅ∠レ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺぴ (You are our Mawla) meaning, You are our support er and helper, our t rust is in You, You are sought for each and every t ype of help and our t ot al reliance is on You. There is no power or st rengt h except from You.

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲダ ⊥ ∇ルゅ∠プぴ (And give us vict ory over t he disbelieving people) t hose who rej ect ed Your religion, denied Your Oneness, refused t he Message of Your Prophet , worshipped ot her t han You and associat ed ot hers in Your worship. Give us vict ory and make us prevail above t hem in t his and t he Hereaft er. Allah said, "I shall,'' in one narrat ion, and, "I did,'' in t he Hadit h t hat Muslim collect ed from Ibn ` Abbas. Furt her, Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Abu Ishaq said t hat whenever Mu` adh would finish recit ing t his Surah,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲダ ⊥ ∇ルゅ∠プぴ (And give us victory over the disbelieving people), he would say "Amin.''

The Tafsir of Surah Al ` Imran (Chapter 3) Surah Al ` Imran was revealed in Al-Madinah, as evident by t he fact t hat t he first eight y-t hree Ayat in it relat e t o t he delegat ion from Naj ran t hat arrived in Al-Madinah on t he nint h year of Hij rah (632 CE). We will elaborat e on t his subj ect when we explain t he Ayah about t he Mubahalah 3:61 in t his Surah, Allah willing. We should also st at e t hat we ment ioned t he virt ues of Surah Al ` Imran along wit h t he virt ues of Surat Al-Baqarah in t he beginning of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Baqarah.

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ -リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ユャやぴ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡ ∇Εゅ͡よヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ (In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful) (1. Alif-Lam-Mim.) (2. Allah! None has t he right t o be worshipped but He, t he Ever Living, t he One Who sust ains and prot ect s all t hat exist s.) (3. It is He Who has sent down t he Book t o you wit h t rut h, confirming what came before it . And He sent down t he Tawrah and t he Inj il,) (4. Aforet ime, as a guidance t o mankind. And He sent down t he crit erion. Truly, t hose who disbelieve in t he Ayat of Allah, for t hem t here is a severe t orment ; and Allah is All-Might y, All-Able of Ret ribut ion.) We ment ioned t he Hadit h in t he Tafsir of Ayat Al-Kursi Great est Name is cont ained in t hese t wo Ayat ,

2:255 t hat ment ions t hat Allah's

び ュ⊥ ヲぁΒボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやぴ (Allah! None has t he right t o be worshipped but He, t he Ever Living, t he One Who sust ains and prot ect s all t hat exist s) and,

びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ユャやぴ (Alif-Lam-Mim. Allah! None has t he right t o be worshipped but He, t he Ever Living, t he One Who sust ains and prot ect s all t hat exist s.) We also explained t he Tafsir of,

び ユャやぴ (Alif-Lam-Mim) in t he beginning of Surat Al-Baqarah, and t he meaning of,

び ュ⊥ ヲぁΒボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやぴ (Allah! La ilaha illa Huwa, Al-Hayyul-Qayyum) in t he Tafsir of Ayat Al-Kursi. Allah's st at ement ,

びペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ぴ (It is He Who has sent down t he Book t o you wit h t rut h, ) means, revealed t he Qur'an t o you, O Muhammad, in t rut h, meaning t here is no doubt or suspicion t hat it is revealed from Allah. Verily, Allah revealed t he Qur'an wit h His knowledge, and t he angels t est ify t o t his fact , Allah is sufficient as a Wit ness. Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョ⊥ ぴ (Confirming what came before it ) means, from t he previous divinely revealed Books, sent t o t he servant s and Prophet s of Allah. These Books t est ify t o t he t rut h of t he Qur'an, and t he Qur'an also t est ifies t o t he t rut h t hese Books cont ained, including t he news and glad t idings of Muhammad's prophet hood and t he revelat ion of t he Glorious Qur'an. Allah said,

びり∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And He sent down t he Tawrah) t o Musa (Musa) son of ` Imran,

びモ ∠ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱぴ (And t he Inj il), t o ` Isa, son of Mary,

びモ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョぴ (Aforet ime) meaning, before t he Qur'an was revealed,

びサ ͡ ゅｚレヤあャ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ぴ (As a guidance t o mankind) in t heir t ime.

びラ ∠ ゅ∠ホ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And He sent down t he crit erion) which is t he dist inct ion bet ween misguidance, falsehood and deviat ion on one hand, and guidance, t rut h and piet y on t he ot her hand. This is because of t he indicat ions, signs, plain evidences and clear proofs t hat it cont ains, and because of it s explanat ions, clarificat ions, et c. Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αほ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, t hose who disbelieve in t he Ayat of Allah) means t hey denied, refused and unj ust ly rej ect ed t hem,

び∀ギΑ͡ギ∠セ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (For t hem t here is a severe t orment ) on t he Day of Resurrect ion,

び∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is All-Might y) meaning, His grandeur is invincible and His sovereignt y is infinit e,

びュ∃ ゅ∠ボわ͡ ルや ヱ⊥クぴ (All-Able of Ret ribut ion.) from t hose who rej ect His Ayat and defy His honorable Messengers and great Prophet s.

ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヘ∇ガΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠ェ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ⊥ あヲダ ∠ Α⊥ ヵ͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ - ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや び ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠

(5. Truly, not hing is hidden from Allah, in t he eart h or in t he heaven.) (6. He it is Who shapes you in t he wombs as He wills. None has t he right t o be worshipped but He, t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.) Allah st at es t hat He has perfect knowledge in t he heavens and eart h and t hat not hing in t hem is hidden from His wat ch.

び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠ェ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ⊥ あヲダ ∠ Α⊥ ヵ͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He it is Who shapes you in t he wombs as He wills.) meaning, He creat es you in t he wombs as He wills, whet her male or female, handsome or ot herwise, happy or miserable.

びユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ぴ (La ilaha illa Huwa (none has t he right t o be worshipped but He), t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.) meaning, He is t he Creat or and t hus is t he only deit y wort hy of worship, wit hout part ners, and His is t he perfect might , wisdom and decision. This Ayah refers t o t he fact t hat ` Isa, son of Mary, is a creat ed servant , j ust as Allah creat ed t he rest of mankind. Allah creat ed ` Isa in t he womb (of his mot her) and shaped him as He willed. Therefore, how could ` Isa be divine, as t he Christ ians, may Allah's curses descend on t hem, claim ` Isa was creat ed in t he womb and his creat ion changed from st age t o st age, j ust as Allah said,

ペ ∃ ∇ヤカ ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇ユ⇒⊥ムわ͡ ⇒∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ボ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ぴ びゑ ∃ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ ヴ͡プ (He creat es you in t he wombs of your mot hers, creat ion aft er creat ion in t hree veils of darkness.) 39:6 .

∀ろ⇒∠ヨム∠ ∇エョぁ ∀ろ⇒∠Αへ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ ヴプ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ろ ∀ ⇒∠ヰら͡ ⇒∠ゼわ∠ ョ⊥ ゲ⊥ カ ∠ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ぁュぺ⊥ ｚリワ⊥ る͡ レ∠ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ∠ ら∠ ⇒∠ゼゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Β∠ プ∠ ∀ヒ∇Α∠コ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや∠ヱ ∇リョあ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ガシ ͡ ゲ∠ ャや∠ヱ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ - ょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ ∠ や ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ミｚ グｚ ∠Α ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ

マ ∠ ル⊥ギャｚ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ょワ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∠わ∇Α∠ギ∠ワ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇パゴ͡ ゎ⊥ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ノ⊥ ョ͡ ゅ∠ィ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ - ゆ ⊥ ゅｚワヲ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ び キ∠ ゅ∠バΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ブ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ガΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ (7. It is He Who has sent down t o you t he Book. In it are verses t hat are ent irely clear, t hey are t he foundat ions of t he Book; and ot hers not ent irely clear. So as for t hose in whose heart s t here is a deviat ion (from t he t rut h) t hey follow (only) t hat which is not ent irely clear t hereof, seeking Al-Fit nah, and seeking it s Ta'wil, but none knows it s Ta'wil except Allah. And t hose who are firmly grounded in knowledge say: "We believe in it ; all of it is from our Lord.'' And none receive admonit ion except men of underst anding.) (8. (They say): "Our Lord! Let not our heart s deviat e (from t he t rut h) aft er You have guided us, and grant us mercy from You. Truly, You are t he Best ower.'') (9. "Our Lord! Verily, it is You Who will gat her mankind t oget her on t he Day about which t here is no doubt . Verily, Allah never breaks His Promise.'')

The Mutashabihat and Muhkamat Ayat Allah st at es t hat in t he Qur'an, t here are Ayat t hat are Muhkamat , ent irely clear and plain, and t hese are t he foundat ions of t he Book which are plain for everyone. And t here are Ayat in t he Qur'an t hat are Mut ashabihat not ent irely clear for many, or some people. So t hose who refer t o t he Muhkam Ayat t o underst and t he Mut ashabih Ayat , will have acquired t he correct guidance, and vice versa. This is why Allah said,

びょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ぁュぺ⊥ ｚリワ⊥ ぴ (They are t he foundat ions of t he Book), meaning, t hey are t he basis of t he Qur'an, and should be referred t o for clarificat ion, when warrant ed,

びろ ∀ ⇒∠ヰら͡ ⇒∠ゼわ∠ ョ⊥ ゲ⊥ カ ∠ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (And ot hers not ent irely clear) as t hey have several meanings, some t hat agree wit h t he Muhkam and some t hat carry ot her lit eral indicat ions, alt hough t hese meaning might not be desired. The Muhkamat are t he Ayat t hat explain t he abrogat ing rulings, t he allowed, prohibit ed, laws, limit s, obligat ions and rulings t hat should be believed in and implement ed. As for t he Mut ashabihat Ayat , t hey include t he abrogat ed Ayat , parables, oat hs, and what should be believed in, but not implement ed. Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar comment ed on,

びろ ∀ ⇒∠ヨム∠ ∇エョぁ ∀ろ⇒∠Αへ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ぴ (In it are verses t hat are ent irely clear) as "Cont aining proof of t he Lord, immunit y for t he servant s and a refut at ion of opponent s and of falsehood. They cannot be changed or alt ered from what t hey were meant for.'' He also said, "As for t he unclear Ayat , t hey can (but must not ) be alt ered and changed, and t his is a t est from Allah t o t he servant s, j ust as He t est ed t hem wit h t he allowed and prohibit ed t hings. So t hese Ayat must not be alt ered t o imply a false meaning or be dist ort ed from t he t rut h.'' Therefore, Allah said,

び∀ヒ∇Α∠コ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴプ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So as for t hose in whose heart s t here is a deviat ion) meaning, t hose who are misguided and deviat e from t rut h t o falsehood,

びヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ∠ ら∠ ⇒∠ゼゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Β∠ プ∠ ぴ (t hey follow t hat which is not ent irely clear t hereof) meaning, t hey refer t o t he Mut ashabih, because t hey are able t o alt er it s meanings t o conform wit h t heir false int erpret at ion since t he wordings of t he Mut ashabihat encompass such a wide area of meanings. As for t he Muhkam Ayat , t hey cannot be alt ered because t hey are clear and, t hus, const it ut e unequivocal proof against t he misguided people. This is why Allah said,

びる͡ レ∠ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よやぴ (seeking Al-Fit nah) meaning, t hey seek t o misguide t heir following by pret ending t o prove t heir innovat ion by relying on t he Qur'an -- t he Mut ashabih of it -- but , t his is proof against and not for t hem. For inst ance, Christ ians might claim t hat ` Isa is divine because t he Qur'an st at es t hat he is Ruhullah and His Word, which He gave t o Mary, all t he while ignoring Allah's st at ement s,

びヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∀ギ∇ら∠ハ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ぴ (He ` Isa was not more t han a servant . We grant ed Our favor t o him.) 43:59 , and,

リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ や∠￢ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ モ ∠ ん∠ ョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ リ⊥ミ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ｚユを⊥ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲゎ⊥

(Verily, t he likeness of ` Isa before Allah is t he likeness of Adam. He creat ed him from dust , t hen (He) said t o him: "Be!'' and he was.) 3:59 . There are ot her Ayat t hat clearly assert t hat ` Isa is but one of Allah's creat ures and t hat he is t he servant and Messenger of Allah, among ot her Messengers. Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ ヤ͡Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ ∠￢べ∠ピ͡わ∇よや∠ヱぴ (And seeking for it s Ta'wil,) t o alt er t hem as t hey desire. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "The Messenger of Allah recit ed,

∀ろ⇒∠ヨム∠ ∇エョぁ ∀ろ⇒∠Αへ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ びろ ∀ ⇒∠ヰら͡ ⇒∠ゼわ∠ ョ⊥ ゲ⊥ カ ∠ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ぁュぺ⊥ ｚリワ⊥ (It is He Who has sent down t o you t he Book. In it are verses t hat are ent irely clear, t hey are t he foundat ions of t he Book; and ot hers not ent irely clear,), unt il,

びょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ ∠ や ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (Men of underst anding) and he said,

ヴ∠レハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩ヮ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャキ͡ ゅ∠イΑ⊥ リΑ͡グャｚや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ » «ユ⊥ワヱ⊥ケ∠グ∇ェゅ∠プ ∩⊥ぶや (When you see t hose who argue in it (using t he Mut ashabihat ), t hen t hey are t hose whom Allah meant . Therefore, beware of t hem.)'' Al-Bukhari recorded a similar Hadit h in t he Tafsir of t his Ayah 3:7 , as did Muslim in t he book of Qadar (t he Divine Will) in his Sahih, and Abu Dawud in t he Sunnah sect ion of his Sunan, from ` A'ishah; "The Messenger of Allah recit ed t his Ayah,

∀ろ⇒∠Αへ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ びろ ∀ ⇒∠ヨム∠ ∇エョぁ (It is He Who has sent down t o you t he Book. In it are verses t hat are ent irely clear,) unt il,

びょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ ∠ や ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ミｚ グｚ ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And none receive admonit ion except men of underst anding.) He t hen said,

マ ∠ ゃ͡ ャヱ⊥ほプ∠ ∧⊥ヮ∇レョ͡ ヮ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ゼゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ろ ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ » «ユ⊥ワヱ⊥ケ∠グ∇ェゅ∠プ ∩⊥ぶや ヴｚヨシ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや (When you see t hose who follow what is not so clear of t he Qur'an, t hen t hey are t hose whom Allah described, so beware of t hem.)'' This is t he wording recorded by Al-Bukhari.

Only Allah Knows the True Ta'wil (Interpretation) of the Mutashabihat Allah said,

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (But none knows it s Ta'wil except Allah.) Similarly, as preceded in what has been report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, "Tafsir is of four t ypes: Tafsir t hat t he Arabs know in t heir language; Tafsir t hat no one is excused of being ignorant of; Tafsir t hat t he scholars know; and Tafsir t hat only Allah knows.'' Scholars of Qur'an recit at ion have different opinions about pausing at Allah's Name in t his Ayah. This st op was report ed from ` A'ishah, ` Urwah, Abu Ash-Sha` t ha' and Abu Nahik. Some pause aft er recit ing,

びユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ガシ ͡ ゲ∠ ャや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who are firmly grounded in knowledge) saying t hat t he Qur'an does not address t he people wit h what t hey cannot underst and. Ibn Abi Naj ih said t hat Muj ahid said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "I am among t hose who are firmly grounded in it s Ta'wil int erpret at ion.'' The Messenger of Allah supplicat ed for t he benefit of Ibn ` Abbas,

«モΑ͡ヱ∇ほわｚャや ヮ⊥ ∇ヨヤあハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ͡ Αあギャや ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ∇ヰあボプ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや»

(O Allah! Best ow on him knowledge in t he religion and t each him t he Ta'wil (int erpret at ion).) Ta'wil has t wo meanings in t he Qur'an, t he t rue realit y of t hings, and what t hey will t urn out t o be. For inst ance, Allah said,

びモ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ⇒∠Α∇ぼケ⊥ モ ⊥ Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And he said: "O my fat her! This is t he Ta'wil of my dream aforet ime!''.) 12:100 , and,

びヮ⊥ ヤ⊥Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇モワ∠ ぴ (Await t hey j ust for it 's Ta'wil On t he Day (Day of Resurrect ion) it 's Ta'wil is finally fulfillled.)(7:53) refers t o t he t rue realit y of Resurrect ion t hat t hey were t old about . If t his is t he meaning desired in t he Ayah above 3:7 , t hen pausing aft er recit ing Allah's Name is warrant ed, because only Allah knows t he t rue realit y of t hings. In t his case, Allah's st at ement ,

びユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ガシ ͡ ゲ∠ ャや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who are firmly grounded in knowledge) is connect ed t o His st at ement ,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ (say: "We believe in it '') If t he word Ta'wil means t he second meaning, t hat is, explaining and describing, such as what Allah said,

びヮ͡ ヤ͡Α͡ヱ∇ほわ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ゃらあ ル∠ ぴ ((They said): "Inform us of t he Ta'wil of t his'') meaning it s explanat ion, t hen pausing aft er recit ing,

びユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ガシ ͡ ゲ∠ ャや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who are firmly grounded in knowledge) is warrant ed. This is because t he scholars have general knowledge in, and underst and what t hey were addressed wit h, even t hough t hey do not have knowledge of t he t rue realit y of t hings. Therefore, Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ

(say: "We believe in it '') describes t he conduct of t he scholars. Similarly, Allah said,

び ゅ⇔ヘ∂ タ ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ∂ タ ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ (And your Lord comes, and t he angels, in rows.) 89:22 means, your Lord will come, and t he angels will come in rows. Allah's st at ement t hat t he knowledgeable people proclaim,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ゅレｚ ョ∠ や∠￢ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ (We believe in it ) means, t hey believe in t he Mut ashabih.

びゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ぴ (all of it is from our Lord) meaning, bot h t he Muhkam and t he Mut ashabih are t rue and aut hent ic, and each one of t hem t est ifies t o t he t rut h of t he ot her. This is because t hey bot h are from Allah and not hing t hat comes from Allah is ever met by cont radict ion or discrepancy. Allah said,

ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲよｚ ギ∠ わ∠ Α∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギィ ∠ ヲ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (Do t hey not t hen consider t he Qur'an carefully Had it been from ot her t han Allah, t hey would surely have found t herein many a cont radict ion.) 4:82 . Allah said in his Ayah 3:7 ,

びょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ ∠ や ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ミｚ グｚ ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And none receive admonit ion except men of underst anding. ) meaning, t hose who have good minds and sound comprehension, underst and, cont emplat e and comprehend t he meaning in t he correct manner. Furt her, Ibn Al-Mundhir recorded in his Tafsir t hat Nafi` bin Yazid said, "Those firmly grounded in knowledge are t hose who are modest for Allah's sake, humbly seek His pleasure, and do not exaggerat e regarding t hose above t hem, or belit t le t hose below t hem.'' Allah said t hat t hey supplicat e t o t heir Lord,

びゅ∠レわ∠ ∇Αギ∠ ワ∠ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇パゴ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ

(Our Lord! Let not our heart s deviat e (from t he t rut h) aft er You have guided us.) meaning, "Do not deviat e our heart s from t he guidance aft er You allowed t hem t o acquire it . Do not make us like t hose who have wickedness in t heir heart s, t hose who follow t he Mut ashabih in t he Qur'an. Rat her, make us remain firmly on Your st raight pat h and t rue religion.''

びマ ∠ ル⊥ギャｚ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ょワ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And grant us from Ladunka) meaning, from You,

びる⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ぴ (Mercy) wit h which You make our heart s firm, and increase in our Fait h and cert aint y,

びゆ ⊥ ゅｚワヲ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, You are t he Best ower) Ibn Abi Hat im and Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Umm Salamah said t hat t he Prophet used t o supplicat e,

«マ͡レΑ͡キ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヶ͡ら∇ヤホ∠ ∇ろらあ を∠ ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ヤあボ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠Α» (O You Who changes t he heart s, make my heart firm on Your religion.) He t hen recit ed,

リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ょワ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇Αギ∠ ワ∠ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇パゴ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ びゆ ⊥ ゅｚワヲ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ マ ∠ ル⊥ギャｚ ("Our Lord! Let not our heart s deviat e (from t he t rut h) aft er You have guided us, and grant us mercy from You. Truly, You are t he Best ower.'') The Ayah cont inues,

びヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ノ⊥ ョ͡ ゅ∠ィ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ ("Our Lord! Verily, it is You Who will gat her mankind t oget her on t he Day about which t here is no doubt '') meaning, t hey say in t heir supplicat ion: O our Lord! You will gat her Your creat ion on t he Day of Ret urn, j udge bet ween t hem and decide over what t hey disput ed about . Thereaft er, You will reward or punish each according t o t he deeds t hey did in t his life.

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ ∠ レ͡ ∇ピゎ⊥ リ∠ャ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ - ケ͡ ゅｚレャや キ⊥ ヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ワギ⊥ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αほ∠よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ͡ や∠￢ ゆ ͡ ∇ぺギ∠ ミ∠ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ n(10. Verily, t hose who disbelieve, neit her t heir propert ies nor t heir offspring will avail t hem what soever against Allah; and it is t hey who will be fuel of t he Fire.) (11. Like t he behavior of t he people of Fir` awn and t hose before t hem; t hey belied Our Ayat . So Allah punished t hem for t heir sins. And Allah is severe in punishment .)

On the Day of Resur Allah st at es t hat

t he disbelievers shall be fuel for t he Fire,

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ∇バヤｚ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇バョ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び ケ͡ やｚギャや ￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ (The Day when t heir excuses will be of no profit t o wrongdoers. Theirs will be t he curse, and t heirs will be t he evil abode (i.e. painful t orment in Hell-fire).) 40:52 . Furt her, what t hey were grant ed in t his life of wealt h and offspring shall not avail t hem wit h Allah, or save t hem from His punishment and severe t orment . Similarly, Allah said,

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇らイ ͡ ∇バゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ペ ∠ ワ∠ ∇ゴゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ (So let not t heir wealt h nor t heir children amaze you; in realit y Allah's plan is t o punish t hem wit h t hese t hings in t he life of t his world, and t hat t heir souls shall depart (die) while t hey are disbelievers.) 9:55 , and,

∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョ - ギ͡ ⇒∠ヤら͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ⊥ ヤぁボ∠ ゎ∠ ∠マルｚ ゲｚ ピ⊥ ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ び キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヨ͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ

(Let not t he free disposal (and affluence) of t he disbelievers t hroughout t he land deceive you. A brief enj oyment ; t hen, t heir ult imat e abode is Hell; and worst indeed is t hat place for rest .) 3:196, 197 . Allah said in t his Ayah 3:10 ,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who disbelieve) meaning, disbelieved in Allah's Ayat , denied His Messengers, defied His Books and did not benefit from His revelat ion t o His Prophet s,

ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ワギ⊥ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ ∠ レ͡ ∇ピゎ⊥ リ∠ャぴ びケ͡ ゅｚレャや キ⊥ ヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺヱ∠ (Neit her t heir propert ies nor t heir offspring will avail t hem what soever against Allah; and it is t hey who will be fuel of t he Fire.) meaning, t hey will be t he wood wit h which t he Fire is kindled and fed. Similarly, Allah said,

びユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ょ ⊥ ダ ∠ ェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Cert ainly you (disbelievers) and t hat which you are worshipping now besides Allah, are (but ) fuel for Hell!) 21:98 . Allah said next ,

びラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ͡ や∠￢ ゆ ͡ ∇ぺギ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Like t he Da'b of t he people of Fira` wn.) Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah means, "Like t he behavior of t he people of Fir` awn.'' This is t he same Tafsir of ` Ikrimah, Muj ahid, Abu Malik, Ad-Dahhak, and ot hers. Ot her scholars said t hat t he Ayah means, "Like t he pract ice, conduct , likeness of t he people of Fir` awn.'' These meanings are all plausible, for t he Da'b means pract ice, behavior, t radit ion and habit . The Ayah indicat es t hat t he disbelievers will not benefit from t heir wealt h or offspring. Rat her, t hey will perish and be punished. This is t he same end t he people of Fir` awn and t he previous nat ions met , t hose who rej ect ed t he Messengers, t he Ayat , and proofs of Allah t hat t hey were sent wit h.

びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is severe in punishment .) meaning, His punishment is severe and His t orment is painful. None can escape Allah's grasp, nor does anyt hing escape His knowledge. Allah does

what He wills and prevails over all t hings, it is He t o Whom everyt hing is humbled and t here is no deit y wort hy of worship, nor any Lord except Him.

ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ∠∇ピわ⊥ シ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ゅ∠わボ∠ わ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ゃ∠ プ͡ ヶ͡プ ∀る∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギホ∠ - キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヨ͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ り∀ ゲ∠ プ͡ ゅ∠ミ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ る∀ ゃ∠ プ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダレ∠ よ͡ ギ⊥ あΑぽ∠ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ リ ͡ ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャや ン ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠∇んョあ び ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱΙ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇らバ͡ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ (12. Say t o t hose who disbelieve: "You will be defeat ed and gat hered t oget her t o Hell, and worst indeed is t hat place of rest .'') (13. There has already been a sign for you in t he t wo armies t hat met . One was fight ing in t he cause of Allah, and as for t he ot her, in disbelief. They saw t hem wit h t heir own eyes t wice t heir number. And Allah support s wit h His aid whom He wills. Verily, in t his is a lesson for t hose who underst and.)

On the Day of Resurrection, No Wealth or Offspring Shall Avail

Allah st at es t hat t he disbelievers shall be fuel for t he Fire,

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ∇バヤｚ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇バョ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び ケ͡ やｚギャや ￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ (The Day when t heir excuses will be of no profit t o wrongdoers. Theirs will be t he curse, and t heirs will be t he evil abode (i.e. painful t orment in Hell-fire).) 40:52 . Furt her, what t hey were grant ed in t his life of wealt h and offspring shall not avail t hem wit h Allah, or save t hem from His punishment and severe t orment . Similarly, Allah said,

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Αゲ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇らイ ͡ ∇バゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ペ ∠ ワ∠ ∇ゴゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ

(So let not t heir wealt h nor t heir children amaze you; in realit y Allah's plan is t o punish t hem wit h t hese t hings in t he life of t his world, and t hat t heir souls shall depart (die) while t hey are disbelievers.) 9:55 , and,

∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョ - ギ͡ ⇒∠ヤら͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ⊥ ヤぁボ∠ ゎ∠ ∠マルｚ ゲｚ ピ⊥ ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ び キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヨ͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ (Let not t he free disposal (and affluence) of t he disbelievers t hroughout t he land deceive you. A brief enj oyment ; t hen, t heir ult imat e abode is Hell; and worst indeed is t hat place for rest .) 3:196, 197 . Allah said in t his Ayah 3:10 ,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who disbelieve) meaning, disbelieved in Allah's Ayat , denied His Messengers, defied His Books and did not benefit from His revelat ion t o His Prophet s,

ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ワギ⊥ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ ∠ レ͡ ∇ピゎ⊥ リ∠ャぴ びケ͡ ゅｚレャや キ⊥ ヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺヱ∠ (Neit her t heir propert ies nor t heir offspring will avail t hem what soever against Allah; and it is t hey who will be fuel of t he Fire.) meaning, t hey will be t he wood wit h which t he Fire is kindled and fed. Similarly, Allah said,

びユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ょ ⊥ ダ ∠ ェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Cert ainly you (disbelievers) and t hat which you are worshipping now besides Allah, are (but ) fuel for Hell!) 21:98 . Allah said next ,

びラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ͡ や∠￢ ゆ ͡ ∇ぺギ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Like t he Da'b of t he people of Fira` wn.) Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah means, "Like t he behavior of t he people of Fir` awn.'' This is t he same Tafsir of ` Ikrimah, Muj ahid, Abu Malik, Ad-Dahhak, and ot hers. Ot her scholars said t hat t he Ayah means, "Like t he pract ice, conduct , likeness of t he people of Fir` awn.'' These meanings are all plausible, for t he Da'b means pract ice, behavior, t radit ion and habit . The Ayah indicat es t hat t he disbelievers

will not benefit from t heir wealt h or offspring. Rat her, t hey will perish and be punished. This is t he same end t he people of Fir` awn and t he previous nat ions met , t hose who rej ect ed t he Messengers, t he Ayat , and proofs of Allah t hat t hey were sent wit h.

びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is severe in punishment .) meaning, His punishment is severe and His t orment is painful. None can escape Allah's grasp, nor does anyt hing escape His knowledge. Allah does what He wills and prevails over all t hings, it is He t o Whom everyt hing is humbled and t here is no deit y wort hy of worship, nor any Lord except Him.

ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ∠∇ピわ⊥ シ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ゅ∠わボ∠ わ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ゃ∠ プ͡ ヶ͡プ ∀る∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギホ∠ - キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヨ͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ り∀ ゲ∠ プ͡ ゅ∠ミ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ る∀ ゃ∠ プ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダレ∠ よ͡ ギ⊥ あΑぽ∠ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ リ ͡ ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャや ン ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠∇んョあ び ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱΙ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇らバ͡ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ (12. Say t o t hose who disbelieve: "You will be defeat ed and gat hered t oget her t o Hell, and worst indeed is t hat place of rest .'') (13. There has already been a sign for you in t he t wo armies t hat met . One was fight ing in t he cause of Allah, and as for t he ot her, in disbelief. They saw t hem wit h t heir own eyes t wice t heir number. And Allah support s wit h His aid whom He wills. Verily, in t his is a lesson for t hose who underst and.)

Threatening the Jews With Defeat and Encouraging Them to Learn a Lesson From the Battle of Badr Allah commanded t he Prophet Muhammad t o proclaim t o t he disbelievers,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ∠∇ピわ⊥ シ ∠ぴ (You will be defeat ed) in t his life,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And gat hered t oget her) on t he Day of Resurrect ion,

びキ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヨ͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (t o Hell, and worst indeed is t hat place of rest ) Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar recorded t hat ` Asim bin ` Umar bin Qat adah said t hat when t he Messenger of Allah gained vict ory in t he bat t le of Badr and went back t o Al-Madinah, he gat hered t he Jews in t he market place of Bani Qaynuqa` . Therefore, Allah said,

び∀る∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (There has already been a sign for you) meaning, O Jews, who said what you said! You have an Ayah, meaning proof, t hat Allah will make His religion prevail, award vict ory t o His Messenger, make His Word apparent and His religion t he highest .

びリ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ゃ∠ プ͡ ヶ͡プぴ (In t he t wo armies) meaning, t wo camps,

びゅ∠わボ∠ わ∠ ∇ャやぴ (t hat met ) in combat (in Badr),

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ る∀ ゃ∠ プ͡ ぴ (One was fight ing in t he Cause of Allah) t he Muslims,

びり∀ ゲ∠ プ͡ ゅ∠ミ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (And as for t he ot her, in disbelief) meaning, t he idolat ors of Quraysh at Badr. Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ͡ ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャや ン ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠∇んョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ぴ (They saw t hem wit h t heir own eyes t wice t heir number) means, t he idolat ors t hought t hat t he Muslims were t wice as many as t hey were, for Allah made t his illusion a fact or in t he vict ory t hat Islam had over t hem.

It was said t hat t he meaning of Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ͡ ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャや ン ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠∇んョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ぴ (They saw t hem wit h t heir own eyes t wice t heir number) is t hat t he Muslims saw t wice as many idolat ors as t hey were, yet Allah gave t hem vict ory over t he disbelievers. ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "When we looked at t he disbelievers' forces, we found t hat t hey were t wice as many as we were. When we looked at t hem again, we t hought t hey did not have one man more t han we had. So Allah's st at ement ,

Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βボ∠ わ∠ ∇ャや ク͡ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨム⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥あヤボ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ (And (remember) when you met , He showed t hem t o you as few in your eyes and He made you appear as few in t heir eyes.) 8:44 ''. When t he t wo camps saw each ot her, t he Muslims t hought t hat t he idolat ors were t wice as many as t hey were, so t hat t hey would t rust in Allah and seek His help. The idolat ors t hought t hat t he believers were t wice as many as t hey were, so t hat t hey would feel fear, horror, fright and despair. When t he t wo camps st ood in lines and met in bat t le, Allah made each camp look smaller in t he eyes of t he ot her camp, so t hat t hey would be encouraged t o fight each ot her,

びΙ ⇔ ヲ⊥バ∇ヘョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヶ ∠ツ ͡ ∇ボΒ∠ ャあぴ (so t hat Allah might accomplish a mat t er already ordained.) 8:42 meaning, so t hat t he t rut h and falsehood are dist inguishable, and t hus t he word of fait h prevails over disbelief and deviat ion, so t hat t he believers prevail and t he disbelievers are humiliat ed. In a similar st at ement , Allah said;

びる∀ ャｚク͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ケ∃ ∇ギら∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ル∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah has already made you vict orious at Badr, when you were a weak lit t le force) 3:123 . In t his Ayah 3:13 Allah said,

り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇らバ͡ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダレ∠ よ͡ ギ⊥ あΑぽ∠ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ びゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱΙ (And Allah support s wit h His vict ory whom He wills. Verily, in t his is a lesson for t hose who underst and.) meaning, t his should be an example for t hose who have int elligence and sound

comprehension. They should cont emplat e about Allah's wisdom, decisions and decree, t hat He gives vict ory t o His believing servant s in t his life and on t he Day t he wit nesses st and up t o t est ify.

リ ∠ Β͡レら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢べ∠ジレ∂ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ れ ͡ ヲ∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや ぁょェ ⊥ サ ͡ ゅレｚ ヤ͡ャ リ ∠ Α∂ コ⊥ ぴ モ ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ る͡ ツ ｚ ヘ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ワ∠ グｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ ト ∠ レ∠ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ͡ Β͡ト⇒∠レボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ⇒∠わョ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ゐ ͡ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙや∠ヱ る͡ ョ∠ ヲｚ ジ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ∃ ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ ∂らル∠ ぼ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ -ゆ ͡ ほ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇ジェ ⊥ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ ∇ユヰ͡ よ∂ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク リ∂ョ り∀ ゲ∠ ヰｚ ト ∠ ョぁ ∀ァヱ∇コ∠ぺ∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギャ͡ゅ⇒∠カ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇ル∇Ιや ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ Vキ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ∂ ∀ラヲ∇ッ͡ケ∠ヱ (14. Beaut ified for men is t he love of t hings t hey covet ; women, children, Qanat ir AlMuqant arah of gold and silver, branded beaut iful horses (Musawwamah), cat t le and fert ile land. This is t he pleasure of t he present world's life; but Allah has t he excellent ret urn wit h Him.) (15. Say: "Shall I inform you of t hings far bet t er t han t hose For t hose who have Taqwa t here are Gardens (Paradise) wit h t heir Lord, underneat h which rivers flow. Therein (is t heir) et ernal (home) and Azwaj un Mut ahharat un (purified mat es or wives). And Allah will be pleased wit h t hem. And Allah is All-Seer of t he servant s.'')

The True Value of This Earthly Life Allah ment ions t he delight s t hat He put in t his life for people, such as women and children, and He st art ed wit h women, because t he t est wit h t hem is more t empt ing. For inst ance, t he Sahih recorded t hat t he Messenger said,

リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ͡ ゅ∠ィゲあ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲｚ ッ ∠ ぺ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ヵ͡ギ∇バよ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ» «￢ゅ∠ジレあ ャや (I did not leave behind me a t est more t empt ing t o men t han women.) When one enj oys women for t he purpose of having children and preserving his chast it y, t hen he is encouraged t o do so. There are many Hadit hs t hat encourage get t ing married, such as,

«￢ゅ∠ジル͡ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ る͡ ョｚ ほ⊥∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ » (Verily, t he best members of t his Ummah are t hose who have t he most wives) He also said,

«る∠エャ͡ゅｚダャや り⊥ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰハ ͡ ゅ∠わョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀ネゅ∠わョ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや» (This life is a delight , and t he best of it s delight is a right eous wife) The Prophet said in anot her Hadit h,

ヶ͡レ∇Βハ ∠ り⊥ ｚゲホ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ょΒあトャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ジレあ ャや ヶ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ょ ∠ らあ ェ ⊥» «りゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ (I was made t o like women and perfume, and t he comfort of my eye is t he prayer.) ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said, "Not hing was more beloved t o t he Messenger of Allah t han women, except horses,'' and in anot her narrat ion, "...t han horses except women.'' The desire t o have children is somet imes for t he purpose of pride and boast ing, and as such, is a t empt at ion. When t he purpose for having children is t o reproduce and increase t he Ummah of Muhammad wit h t hose who worship Allah alone wit hout part ners, t hen it is encouraged and praised. A Hadit h st at es,

ユ∠ ョ∠ ほ⊥∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ よ͡ ∀ゲを͡ ゅ∠ムョ⊥ ヶあルみ͡プ∠ ∩∠キヲ⊥ャヲ∠ ∇ャや キ∠ ヱ⊥キヲ∠ ∇ャや やヲ⊥ィヱｚ ゴ∠ ゎ∠ » «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ (Marry t he Wadud (kind) and Walud (fert ile) woman, for I will compare your numbers t o t he rest of t he nat ions on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) The desire of wealt h somet imes result s out of arrogance, and t he desire t o dominat e t he weak and cont rol t he poor, and t his conduct is prohibit ed. Somet imes, t he want for more money is for t he purpose of spending it on act s of worship, being kind t o t he family, t he relat ives, and spending on various act s of right eousness and obedience; t his behavior is praised and encouraged in t he religion. Scholars of Tafsir have conflict ing opinions about t he amount of t he Qint ar, all of which indicat e t hat t he Qint ar is a large amount of money, as Ad-Dahhak and ot her scholars said. Abu Hurayrah said "The Qint ar is t welve t housand Uwqiyah, each Uwqiyah is bet t er t han what is bet ween t he heavens and eart h.'' This was recorded by Ibn Jarir .

The desire t o have horses can be one of t hree t ypes. Somet imes, owners of horses collect t hem t o be used in t he cause of Allah, and when warrant ed, t hey use t heir horses in bat t le. This t ype of owner shall be rewarded for t his good act ion. Anot her t ype collect s horses t o boast , and out of enmit y t o t he people of Islam, and t his t ype earns a burden for his behavior. Anot her t ype collect s horses t o fulfill t heir needs and t o collect t heir offspring, and t hey do not forget Allah's right due on t heir horses. This is why in t his case, t hese horses provide a shield of sufficiency for t heir owner, as evident by a Hadit h t hat we will ment ion, Allah willing, when we explain Allah's st at ement ,

ヅ ͡ ゅ∠よケ∂ リ͡ョヱ∠ り∃ ヲｚ ホ⊥ リ∂ョ ユ⊥わ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱぁギハ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びモ ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや (And make ready against t hem all you can of power, including st eeds of war.) 8:60 . As for t he Musawwamah horses, Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t hey are t he branded, beaut iful horses. This is t he same explanat ion of Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Abdur-Rahman bin ` Abdullah bin Abza, As-Suddi, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and Abu Sinan and ot hers. Makhul said t he Musawwamah refers t o t he horse wit h a whit e spot t ed faced, and t he horse wit h whit e feet . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Dharr said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゲ∃ ∇イプ∠ あモミ⊥ ノ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ク∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅｚャま͡ ヶ ∠ よ͡ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ サ ∃ ゲ∠ プ∠ ∇リョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠» ヶ͡レよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヶ͡レわ∠ ∇ャヲｚ カ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ハギ∠ よ͡ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ョ ょ あ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヶ͡レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プ ∩∠ュキ∠ へ «ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ (Every Arabian horse is allowed t o have t wo supplicat ions every dawn, and t he horse supplicat es, ` O Allah! You made me subservient t o t he son of Adam. Therefore, make me among t he dearest of his wealt h and household t o him, or, ...make me t he dearest of his household and wealt h t o him.) Allah's st at ement ,

びユ⊥ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や∠ヱぴ (Cat t le) means, camels, cows and sheep.

びゐ ͡ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ

(And fert ile land) meaning, t he land t hat is used t o farm and grow plant s. Allah t hen said,

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ⇒∠わョ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (This is t he pleasure of t he present world's life) Ymeaning, t hese are t he delight s of t his life and it s short lived j oys,

びゆ ͡ ほ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇ジェ ⊥ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (But Allah has t he excellent ret urn wit h Him) meaning, t he best dest inat ion and reward.

The Reward of the Those Who Have Taqwa is Better Than All Joys of This World This is why Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ リあョ ゲ∃ ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらル∠ ぼ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Shall I inform you of t hings far bet t er t han t hose'') This Ayah means, "Say, O Muhammad, t o t he people, ` Should I t ell you about what is bet t er t han t he delight s and j oys of t his life t hat will soon perish''' Allah informed t hem of what is bet t er when He said,

ゅ∠ヰわ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ぴ びケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘや (For t hose who have Taqwa t here are Gardens (Paradise) wit h t heir Lord, underneat h which rivers flow) meaning, rivers run t hroughout it . These rivers carry various t ypes of drinks: honey, milk, wine and wat er such t hat no eye has ever seen, no ear has ever heard, and no heart has ever imagined,

びべ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カぴ (Therein (is t heir) et ernal (home)) meaning, t hey shall remain in it forever and ever and will not want t o be removed from it .

びり∀ ゲ∠ ヰｚ ト ∠ ョぁ ァ ∀ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And Azwaj un Mut ahharat un (purified mat es or wives)) meaning, from filt h, dirt , harm, menst ruat ion, post birt h bleeding, and ot her t hings t hat affect women in t his world.

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ラ ∀ ヲ∠ ∇ッケ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah will be pleased wit h t hem) meaning, Allah's pleasure will descend on t hem and He shall never be angry wit h t hem aft er t hat . This is why Allah said in in Surah Bara` ah,

びゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ラ ∀ ヲ∠ ∇ッケ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (But t he pleasure of Allah is great er) 9:72 , meaning, great er t han t he et ernal delight t hat He has grant ed t hem. Allah t hen said,

びキ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is All-Seer of t he (His) servant s) and, He gives each provisions according t o what t hey deserve.

ゅ∠レよ∠ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ べ∠レルｚ ま͡ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや - ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ゅ∠レホ͡ ヱ∠ び ケ͡ ゅ∠エ∇シΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡わレ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや∠ヱ (16. Those who say: "Our Lord! We have indeed believed, so forgive us our sins and save us from t he punishment of t he Fire.'') (17. (They are) t he pat ient , t he t rue believers, and obedient wit h sincere devot ion in worship t o Allah. Those who spend in good and t hose who pray and beg Allah's pardon in t he last hours of t he night .)

The Supplication and Description of Al-Muttaqin Allah describes t he Mut t aqin, His pious servant s, whom He promised t remendous rewards,

びゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ べ∠レルｚ ま͡ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who say: "Our Lord! We have indeed believed'') in You, Your Book and Your Messenger.

びゅ∠レよ∠ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プぴ (so forgive us our sins) because of our fait h in You and in what You legislat ed for us. Therefore, forgive us our errors and short comings, wit h Your bount y and mercy,

びケ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ゅ∠レホ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and save us from t he punishment of t he Fire.) Allah t hen said,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャやぴ ((They are) t hose who are pat ient ) while performing act s of obedience and abandoning t he prohibit ions.

びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや∠ヱぴ (t hose who are t rue) concerning t heir proclamat ion of fait h, by performing t he difficult deeds.

び∠リΒ͡わ͡レ⇒∠ボ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and obedient ) meaning, t hey submit and obey Allah,

びリ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (t hose who spend) from t heir wealt h on all t he act s of obedience t hey were commanded, being kind t o kit h and kin, helping t he needy, and comfort ing t he dest it ut e.

びケ͡ ゅ∠エ∇シΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and t hose who pray and beg Allah's pardon in t he last hours of t he night ) and t his t est ifies t o t he virt ue of seeking Allah's forgiveness in t he lat t er part of t he night . It was report ed t hat when Ya` qub said t o his children,

びヴあよケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シぺ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ぴ

(I will ask my Lord for forgiveness for you) 12:98 he wait ed unt il t he lat t er part of t he night t o say his supplicat ion. Furt hermore, t he Two Sahihs, t he Musnad and Sunan collect ions recorded t hrough several Companions t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

￢͡ ゅ∠ヨシ ∠ ヴャま͡ る∃ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ あモミ⊥ ヶ͡プ ヴャゅ∠バ∠ゎ∠ヱ ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇レΑ∠ » ∇モワ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ゲ͡カべ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャや ゑ ⊥ ヤ⊥を⊥ ヴ∠ボ∇らΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ∨⊥ヮャ∠ ょ ∠ Β͡イわ∠ ∇シほ∠プ∠ ネ ∃ や∠キ ∇リョ͡ ∇モワ∠ ∨⊥ヮΒ∠ ト ͡ ∇ハほ⊥プ∠ モ ∃ も͡ ゅ∠シ ∇リョ͡ «∨⊥ヮャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ビほ∠プ∠ ゲ∃ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ∇モワ∠ (Every night , when t he last t hird of it remains, our Lord, t he Blessed, t he Superior, descends t o t he lowest heaven saying, "Is t here anyone t o ask Me, so t hat I may grant him his request Is t here anyone t o invoke Me, so t hat I may respond t o his invocat ion Is t here anyone seeking My forgiveness, so t hat I may forgive him'') The Two Sahihs recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "The Messenger of Allah performed Wit r during t he first part , t he middle and lat t er part s of t he night . Then, lat er (in his life), he would perform it (only) during t he lat t er part .'' ` Abdullah bin ` Umar used t o pray during t he night and would ask, "O Nafi` ! Is it t he lat t er part of t he night yet '' and if Nafi` said, "Yes,'' Ibn ` Umar would st art supplicat ing t o Allah and seeking His forgiveness unt il dawn. This Hadit h was collect ed by Ibn Abi Hat im.

∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ぴ ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ⇔ヨ∠ も͡ べ∠ホ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ブ ∠ ヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ユ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ∇シΗ ͡ や ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ リ ∠ Αあギャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔Β∇ピよ∠ ユ⊥ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べィ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ ノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ポ ∠ ヲぁィべ∠ェ ∇ラみ∠プ - ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ΒあΒョあ Ι ｙ や∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ͡ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠

ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱｚ ∇やヱ∠ギわ∠ ∇ワや ギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠￢∠ び キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (18. Allah bears wit ness t hat none has t he right t o be worshipped but He, and t he angels, and t hose having knowledge (also bear wit ness t o t his); (He always) maint ains His creat ion in j ust ice. None has t he right t o be worshipped but He, t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.) (19. Truly, t he religion wit h Allah is Islam. Those who were given t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) did not differ except out of rivalry, aft er knowledge had come t o t hem. And whoever disbelieves in t he Ayat of Allah, t hen surely, Allah is Swift in reckoning.) (20. So if t hey disput e wit h you say: "I have submit t ed myself t o Allah, and (so have) t hose who follow me.'' And say t o t hose who were given t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) and t o t hose who are illit erat e (Arab pagans): "Do you (also) submit yourselves'' If t hey do, t hey are right ly guided; but if t hey t urn away, your dut y is only t o convey t he Message; and Allah sees t he servant s.)

The Testimony of Tawhid Allah bears wit ness, and verily, Allah is sufficient as a Wit ness, and He is t he Most Trut hful and Just Wit ness t here is; His st at ement is t he absolut e t rut h,

びヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ぴ (t hat La ilaha illa Huwa) meaning, He Alone is t he Lord and God of all creat ion; everyone and everyt hing are His servant s, creat ion and in need of Him. Allah is t he Most Rich, Free from needing anyone or anyt hing. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

びマ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ͡ ム͡ ⇒ｚャぴ (But Allah bears wit ness t o t hat which He has sent down (t he Qur'an) unt o you (O Muhammad )) 4:166 . Allah t hen ment ioned t he t est imony of His angels and t hose who have knowledge aft er he ment ioned His own t est imony,

∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ぴ びユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや (Allah bears wit ness t hat none has t he right t o be worshipped but He), and t he angels, and t hose having knowledge (also bear wit ness t o t his)). This Ayah emphasizes t he great virt ue of t hose who have knowledge.

びテ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ⇔ヨ∠ も͡ べ∠ホぴ ((He) maint ains His creat ion in j ust ice) in all t hat He does,

びヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ぴ (None has t he right t o be worshipped but He) t hus emphasizing t his fact ,

びユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ャやぴ (t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.) t he Might y t hat does not submit t o weakness due t o His might and great ness, t he Wise in all His st at ement s, act ions, legislat ion and decrees.

The Religion with Allah is Islam Allah said,

びユ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ∇シΗ ͡ や ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ リ ∠ Αあギャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, t he religion wit h Allah is Islam.) Allah st at es t hat t here is no religion accept ed wit h Him from any person, except Islam. Islam includes obeying all of t he Messengers unt il Muhammad who finalized t heir commission, t hus closing all pat hs t o Allah except t hrough Muhammad . Therefore, aft er Allah sent Muhammad , whoever meet s Allah following a pat h ot her t han Muhammad's, it will not be accept ed of him. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,

びヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ リ∠ヤプ∠ ゅ⇔レΑ͡キ ユ͡ ⇒∠ヤ∇シΗ ͡ や ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ヒ͡ わ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever seeks a religion ot her t han Islam, it will never be accept ed of him) 3:85 . In t his Ayah 3:19 , Allah said, assert ing t hat t he only religion accept ed wit h Him is Islam,

びユ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ∇シΗ ͡ や ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ リ ∠ Αあギャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, t he religion wit h Allah is Islam.) Allah t hen st at es t hat t hose who were given t he Script ure beforehand divided in t he religion aft er Allah sent t he Messengers and revealed t he Books t o t hem providing t hem t he necessary proofs t o not do so. Allah said,

ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ブ ∠ ヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ⇔Β∇ピよ∠ ユ⊥ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ (Those who were given t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) did not differ except out of rivalry, aft er knowledge had come t o t hem.) meaning, some of t hem wronged ot hers. Therefore, t hey differed over t he t rut h, out of envy, hat red and enmit y for each ot her. This hat red made some of t hem defy t hose whom t hey hat ed even if t hey were correct . Allah t hen said,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒Α∠ べ͡よ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever disbelieves in t he Ayat of Allah) meaning, whoever rej ect s what Allah sent down in His Book,

びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (t hen surely, Allah is Swift in reckoning.) Allah will punish him for his rej ect ion, reckon him for his denial, and t orment him for defying His Book. Thereaft er, Allah said.

びポ ∠ ヲぁィべ∠ェ ∇ラみ∠プぴ (So if t hey disput e wit h you (Muhammad )) so if t hey argue wit h you about Tawhid,

びリ ͡ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (Say: "I have submit t ed myself t o Allah (in Islam), and (so have) t hose who follow me'') meaning, Say, ` I have made my worship sincere for Allah Alone wit hout part ners, rivals, offspring or companion,

びリ ͡ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hose who follow me) who followed my religion and embraced my creed.' In anot her Ayah, Allah said,

∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ Β͡ダよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヲ⊥ハ∇キぺ∠ ヴ͡ヤΒ͡らシ ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びヴ͡レバ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠

(Say (O Muhammad ): "This is my way; I invit e unt o Allah wit h sure knowledge, I and whosoever follows me...'') 12:108 .

Islam is the Religion of Mankind and the Prophet Was Sent to all Mankind Allah commanded His servant and Messenger, Muhammad , t o call t he People of t he Two Script ures and t he unlet t ered idolat ors t o his religion, way, Law and all t hat Allah sent him wit h. Allah said,

∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠￢∠ リ ∠ ΒあΒョあ Ι ｙ や∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱｚ ∇やヱ∠ギわ∠ ∇ワや ギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ (And say t o t hose who were given t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) and t o t hose who are illit erat es (Arab pagans): "Do you (also) submit yourselves'' If t hey do, t hey are right ly guided; but if t hey t urn away, your dut y is only t o convey t he Message.) meaning, t heir reckoning is wit h Allah and t heir ret urn and final dest inat ion is t o Him. It is He Who guides whom He wills and allows whom He wills t o st ray, and He has t he perfect wisdom and t he unequivocal proof for all of t his. This is why Allah said,

びキ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah sees t he servant s.) for He has perfect knowledge of who deserves t o be guided and who does not deserve t o be guided. Verily,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ メ ⊥ ほ∠∇ジΑ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (He cannot be quest ioned for what He does, while t hey will be quest ioned.) 21:23 because of His perfect wisdom and mercy. This and similar Ayat are clear proofs t hat t he Message of Muhammad is universal t o all creat ion, as it is well est ablished in t he religion, according t o t he various t ext s of t he Book and Sunnah. For inst ance, Allah said,

びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴあルま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say (O Muhammad ): "O mankind! Verily, I am sent t o you all as t he Messenger of Allah.'') 7:158 , and,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャ͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ホ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ン͡グャｚや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぴ び や⇔ゲΑ͡グル∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャ͡ (Blessed be He Who sent down t he crit erion t o His servant t hat he may be a warner t o t he ` Alamin (mankind and Jinn).) 25:1 . The Two Sahihs and ot her collect ions of Hadit h recorded t hat t he Prophet sent let t ers t o t he kings of t he eart h during his t ime and t o different peoples, Arabs and non-Arabs, People of t he Book and t he unlet t ered, j ust as Allah had commanded him. ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Ma` mar said, t hat Hammam said t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,

ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ∇リョ͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヶ͡よ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» ∇リョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ れ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩ｘヶル͡ や∠ゲ∇ダル∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヵ ｘ キ͡ ヲ⊥ヰΑ∠ :る͡ ョｚ ほ⊥∇ャや «ケゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚャま͡ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚゅ͡よ (By He in Whose Hand is my soul! No member of t his Ummah, no Jew or Christ ian, hears of me but dies wit hout believing in what I was sent wit h, but will be among t he people of t he Fire.) Muslim recorded t his Hadit h. The Prophet said,

«キ∠ヲ∇シほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェほ∠∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ » (I was sent t o t he red and black. ) and,

ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩⇔るタ ｚ ゅ∠カ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴャ͡ま ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ヶ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ» «るｚョゅ∠ハ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや (A Prophet used t o be sent t o his people, but I was sent t o all mankind.)

リ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ｙェ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ - ユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ワ∇ゲゼ あ ら∠ プ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リあョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ろト ∠ ら͡ ェ ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲダ ͡ ⇒ｚル (21. Verily, t hose who disbelieve in t he Ayat of Allah and kill t he Prophet s wit hout right , and kill t hose men who order j ust dealings, t hen announce t o t hem a painful t orment .) (22. They are t hose whose works will be lost in t his world and in t he Hereaft er, and t hey will have no helpers.)

Chastising the Jews for Their Disbelief and for Killing the Prophets and Righteous People This Ayah chast ises t he People of t he Book for t he t ransgression and prohibit ions t hey commit t ed by t heir denials in t he past and more recent t imes, of Allah's Ayat and t he Messengers. They did t his due t o t heir defiance and rej ect ion of t he Messengers, denial of t he t rut h and refusal t o follow it . They also killed many Prophet s when t hey conveyed t o t hem what Allah legislat ed for t hem, wit hout cause or criminal behavior commit t ed by t hese Prophet s, for t hey only called t hem t o t he t rut h,

びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And kill t hose men who order j ust dealings) t hus, demonst rat ing t he worst t ype of arrogance. Indeed, t he Prophet said,

«サゅｚレャや テ ⊥ ∇ヨビ ∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ト ∠ よ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇らム͡ ∇ャや» (Kibr (arrogance) is refusing t he t rut h and degrading people) This is why when t hey rej ect ed t he t rut h and act ed arrogant ly t owards t he creat ion, Allah punished t hem wit h humiliat ion and disgrace in t his life, and humiliat ing t orment in t he Hereaft er. Allah said,

び ユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ゲゼ あ ら∠ プ∠ ぴ (t hen announce t o t hem a painful t orment ) meaning, painful and humiliat ing,

り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ろト ∠ ら͡ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲダ ͡ ⇒ｚル リあョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (They are t hose whose works will be lost in t his world and in t he Hereaft er, and t hey will have no helpers. ).

ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ヴｚャヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ∠ ム⊥ ∇エΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ギΑ⊥ リ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョぁ ユ⊥ワヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ ユ͡ヰレ͡ Α͡キ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲｚ ビ ∠ ヱ∠ れ ∃ キ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇バョｚ ゅ⇔ョゅｚΑぺ∠ Ι ∠ ま͡ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠レジ ｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バ∠ヨ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚョ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ろΒ∠ プあ ヱ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ (23. Have you not seen t hose who have been given a port ion of t he Script ure They are being invit ed t o t he Book of Allah t o set t le t heir disput e, t hen a part y of t hem t urned away, and t hey are averse.) (24. This is because t hey say: "The Fire shall not t ouch us but for a number of days.'' And t hat which t hey used t o invent in t heir religion has deceived t hem.) (25. How (will it be) when We gat her t hem t oget her on t he Day about which t here is no doubt (i.e. t he Day of Resurrect ion). And each person will be paid in full what he has earned And t hey will not be dealt wit h unj ust ly.)

Chastising the People of the Book for Not Referring to the Book of Allah for Judgment Allah crit icizes t he Jews and Christ ians who claim t o follow t heir Books, t he Tawrah and t he Inj il, because when t hey are called t o refer t o t hese Books where Allah commanded t hem t o follow Muhammad , t hey t urn away wit h aversion. This censure and crit icism from Allah was all because of t heir defiance and rej ect ion. Allah said next ,

ゅ⇔ョゅｚΑぺ∠ Ι ∠ ま͡ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠レジ ｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ びれ ∃ キ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇バョｚ

(This is because t hey say: "The Fire shall not t ouch us but for a number of days.'') meaning, what made t hem dare t o challenge and defy t he t rut h is t heir false claim t hat Allah will only punish t hem for seven days in t he Fire, a day for every one t housand years in t his life. We ment ioned t his subj ect in t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Baqarah. Allah t hen said,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ユ͡ヰレ͡ Α͡キ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲｚ ビ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat which t hey used t o invent regarding t heir religion has deceived t hem.) meaning, what caused t hem t o remain on t heir false creed is t hat t hey deceived t hemselves, believing t hat t he Fire will only t ouch t hem for a few days for t heir errors. However, it is t hey who have invent ed t his not ion, and Allah did not grant t hem aut horit y t o support t his claim. Allah said, while t hreat ening and warning t hem,

びヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バ∠ヨ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ぴ (How (will it be) when We gat her t hem t oget her on t he Day about which t here is no doubt (i. e. t he Day of Resurrect ion).) meaning, what will t heir condit ion be like aft er t hey have ut t ered t his lie about Allah, rej ect ed His Messengers and killed His Prophet s and t heir scholars who enj oined right eousness and forbade evil Allah will ask t hem about all t his and punish t hem for what t hey have done. This is why Allah said,

びヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バ∠ヨ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ぴ (How (will it be) when We gat her t hem t oget her on t he Day about which t here is no doubt .) meaning, t here is no doubt t hat t his Day will come,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚョ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ろΒ∠ プあ ヱ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And each person will be paid in full what he has earned And t hey will not be dealt wit h unj ust ly.).

￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョ マ ∠ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥ マ ͡ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ョ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ メ ぁ グ͡ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョ ゴぁ バ͡ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リｚヨョ͡ マ ∠ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ネ ⊥ ゴ͡ レ∠ゎヱ∠ - ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ヴ͡プ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ア ⊥ ャ͡ヲ⊥ゎヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ア ⊥ ャ͡ヲ⊥ゎ

リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ Βあ ヨ∠ ャ∠や ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ Βあ ヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ ヱ∠ びゆ ∃ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョ ベ ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ あエ ∠ ∇ャや (26. Say: "O Allah! Possessor of t he power, You give power t o whom You will, and You t ake power from whom You will, and You endue wit h honor whom You will, and You humiliat e whom You will. In Your Hand is t he good. Verily, You are able t o do all t hings.) (27. You make t he night t o ent er int o t he day, and You make t he day t o ent er int o t he night , You bring t he living out of t he dead, and You bring t he dead out of t he living. And You give wealt h and sust enance t o whom You will, wit hout limit .)

Encouraging Gratitude Allah said,

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say) O Muhammad , while praising your Lord, t hanking Him, relying in all mat t ers upon Him and t rust ing in Him.

びマ ͡ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ョ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (O Allah! Possessor of t he power) meaning, all sovereignt y is Yours,

￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リｚヨョ͡ マ ∠ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ネ ⊥ ゴ͡ レ∠ゎヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョ マ ∠ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥ ぴ び￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョ メ ぁ グ͡ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョ ゴぁ バ͡ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ (You give power t o whom You will, and You t ake power from whom You will, and You endue wit h honor whom You will, and You humiliat e whom You will.) meaning, You are t he Giver, You are t he Taker, it is Your will t hat occurs and what ever You do not will, does not occur. This Ayah encourages t hanking Allah for t he favors He grant ed His Messenger and his Ummah. Allah t ransferred t he prophet hood from t he Children of Israel t o t he Arab, Qurashi, Makkan, unlet t ered Prophet , t he Final and Last of all Prophet s and t he Messenger of Allah t o all mankind and Jinn. Allah endowed t he Prophet wit h t he best of qualit ies from t he prophet s before him. Allah also grant ed him ext ra qualit ies t hat no ot her Prophet or Messenger before him was endowed wit h, such as grant ing him (more) knowledge of Allah and His Law, knowledge of more of t he mat t ers of t he past and t he fut ure, such as what will occur in t he Hereaft er. Allah allowed Muhammad's Ummah t o reach t he east ern and west ern part s of t he world and gave dominance t o his religion and Law over all ot her religions and laws. May Allah's

peace and blessings be on t he Prophet unt il t he Day of Judgment , and as long as t he day and night succeed each ot her. This is why Allah said,

びマ ͡ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ョ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "O Allah! Possessor of t he power,'') meaning, You decide what You will concerning Your creat ion and You do what you will. Allah refut es t hose who t hought t hat t hey could decide for Allah,

リ ∠ ョあ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ⊥ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゴあ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや (And t hey say: "Why is not t his Qur'an sent down t o some great man of t he t wo t owns (Makkah and Ta'if)'') 43:31 . Allah refut ed t hem by saying,

びマ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨジ ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぺ∠ぴ (Is it t hey who would port ion out t he Mercy of your Lord) 43:32 , meaning, "We decide for Our creat ion what We will, wit hout resist ance or hindrance by anyone. We have t he perfect wisdom and t he unequivocal proof in all of t his, and We give t he prophet hood t o whom We will.'' Similarly, Allah said,

びヮ⊥ わ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠シケ͡ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやぴ (Allah knows best wit h whom t o place His Message) and,

びヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤツ ｚ プ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルやぴ (See how We prefer one above anot her (in t his world)) 17: 21 Allah said,

びモ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ヴ͡プ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ア ⊥ ャ͡ヲ⊥ゎヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ア ⊥ ャ͡ヲ⊥ゎぴ (You make t he night ent er int o t he day, and You make t he day ent er int o t he night ) meaning, You t ake from t he lengt h of one of t hem and add it t o t he short ness of t he ot her, so t hat t hey become equal, and t ake from t he lengt h of one of t hem and add it t o t he ot her so t hat t hey

are not equal. This occurs t hroughout t he seasons of t he year: spring, summer, fall and wint er. Allah's st at ement ,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ Βあ ヨ∠ ャ∠や ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ Βあヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びヴ あエ ∠ ∇ャや (You bring t he living out of t he dead, and You bring t he dead out of t he living.) means, You bring out t he seed from t he plant and t he plant from t he seed; t he dat e from it s seed and t he dat e's seed from t he dat e; t he fait hful from t he disbeliever and t he disbeliever from t he fait hful; t he chicken from t he egg and t he egg from t he chicken, et c.

びゆ ∃ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョ ベ ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And You give wealt h and sust enance t o whom You will, wit hout limit .) meaning, You give whomever You will innumerable amount s of wealt h while depriving ot hers from it , out of wisdom, and j ust ice.

ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや グ͡ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ Ι ｚぴ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ケあグエ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ま͡ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (28. Let not t he believers t ake t he disbelievers as friends inst ead of t he believers, and whoever does t hat , will never be helped by Allah in any way, unless you indeed fear a danger from t hem. And Allah warns you against Himself, and t o Allah is t he final ret urn.)

The Prohibition of Supporting the Disbelievers Allah prohibit ed His believing servant s from becoming support ers of t he disbelievers, or t o t ake t hem as comrades wit h whom t hey develop friendships, rat her t han t he believers. Allah warned against such behavior when He said,

び￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(And whoever does t hat , will never be helped by Allah in any way) meaning, whoever commit s t his act t hat Allah has prohibit ed, t hen Allah will discard him. Similarly, Allah said,

∇ユミ⊥ ｚヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ンあヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ びり͡ キｚ ヲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇ヤゎ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ (O you who believe! Take not My enemies and your enemies as friends, showing affect ion t owards t hem), unt il,

びモ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや ￢∠ へヲ∠ シ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever of you does t hat , t hen indeed he has gone ast ray from t he st raight pat h.) 60:1 . Allah said,

￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ ぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ び ゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ (O you who believe! Take not for friends disbelievers inst ead of believers. Do you wish t o offer Allah a manifest proof against yourselves) 4:144 , and,

キ∠ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚ ャや∠ヱ び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ (O you who believe! Take not t he Jews and t he Christ ians as friends, t hey are but friends of each ot her. And whoever befriends t hem, t hen surely, he is one of t hem.) 5:51 . Allah said, aft er ment ioning t he fact t hat t he fait hful believers gave t heir support t o t he fait hful believers among t he Muhaj irin, Ansar and Bedouins,

ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Αグｚャや∠ヱぴ び ∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ∀キゅ∠ジ∠プ∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ (And t hose who disbelieve are allies of one anot her, (and) if you do not behave t he same, t here will be Fit nah and oppression on t he eart h, and a great mischief and corrupt ion.) 8:73 . Allah said next ,

びる⇔ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ま͡ぴ (unless you indeed fear a danger from t hem) meaning, except t hose believers who in some areas or t imes fear for t heir safet y from t he disbelievers. In t his case, such believers are allowed t o show friendship t o t he disbelievers out wardly, but never inwardly. For inst ance, AlBukhari recorded t hat Abu Ad-Darda' said, "We smile in t he face of some people alt hough our heart s curse t hem.'' Al-Bukhari said t hat Al-Hasan said, "The Tuqyah is allowed unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion.'' Allah said,

びヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ケ⊥ あグエ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah warns you against Himself.) meaning, He warns you against His anger and t he severe t orment He prepared for t hose who give t heir support t o His enemies, and t hose who have enmit y wit h His friends,

びゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t o Allah is t he final ret urn) meaning, t he ret urn is t o Him and He will reward or punish each person according t o t heir deeds.

ヮ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ラ͡ま ∇モホ⊥ ぴ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅｚョ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ギ⊥ イ ͡ ゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢∃ ヲ⊥シ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ や⇔ゲツ ∠ ∇エョぁ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ケ⊥ あグエ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡バよ∠ や∠ギョ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ キぁ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ び キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ フ ⊥ ヱ⊥￢ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ (29. Say: "Whet her you hide what is in your breast s or reveal it , Allah knows it , and He knows what is in t he heavens and what is in t he eart h. And Allah is able t o do all t hings.'') (30. On t he Day when every person will be confront ed wit h t he good he has done, and all t he evil he has done, he will wish t hat t here were a great dist ance bet ween him and his evil. And Allah warns you against Himself and Allah is f ull of kindness wit h t he servant s.)

Allah Knows What the Hearts Conceal Allah t ells His servant s t hat He knows t he secret s and apparent mat t ers and t hat not hing concerning t hem escapes His observat ion. Rat her, His knowledge encompasses t hem in all condit ions, t ime frames, days and inst ances. His knowledge encompasses all t hat is in heaven and eart h, and not hing not even t he weight of an at om, or what is smaller t han t hat in t he eart h, seas and mount ains, escapes His observat ion. Indeed,

び∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is able t o do all t hings.) and His abilit y encompasses everyt hing. This Ayah alert s Allah's servant s t hat t hey should fear Him enough t o not commit what He prohibit s and dislikes, for He has perfect knowledge in all t hey do and is able t o punish t hem prompt ly. And He gives respit e t o some of t hem, t hen He punishes t hem, and He is Swift and Might y in t aking account . This is why Allah said aft erwards,

びや⇔ゲツ ∠ ∇エョぁ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚョ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ギ⊥ イ ͡ ゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day when every person will be confront ed wit h all t he good he has done,) meaning, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, Allah brings t he good and evil deeds before t he servant , j ust as He said,

び ゲ∠ カ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ グ͡ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ほ⊥ｚらレ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (On t hat Day man will be informed of what he sent forward, and what he left behind.) 75:13 . When t he servant sees his good deeds, he becomes happy and delight ed. When he sees t he evil deeds he commit t ed, he becomes sad and angry. Then he will wish t hat he could disown his evil work and t hat a long dist ance separat ed it from him. He will also say t o t he devil who used t o accompany him in t his life, and who used t o encourage him t o do evil;

びリ ⊥ Α͡ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βホ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇バよ⊥ マ ∠ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡レ∇Βよ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠Αぴ

("Would t hat bet ween me and you were t he dist ance of t he t wo east s (indeed)!) 43:38 .

a horrible companion

Allah t hen said, while t hreat ening and warning,

びヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ケ⊥ あグエ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah warns you against Himself) meaning, He warns you against His punishment . Allah t hen said, while bringing hope t o His servant s, so t hat t hey do not despair from His mercy or feel hopeless of His kindness,

びキ͡ ゅら∠ バ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ケ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is full of kindness wit h t he servant s) Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "Allah is so kind wit h t hem t hat He warns t hem against Himself.'' Ot hers comment ed, "He is merciful wit h His creat ion and likes for t hem t o remain on His st raight pat h and chosen religion, and t o follow His honorable Messenger.''

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇らら͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ∇モホ⊥ - ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みプ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ (31. Say (O Muhammad t o mankind): "If you (really) love Allah, t hen follow me (i.e. Muhammad), Allah will love you and forgive you your sins. And Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.'') (32. Say: "Obey Allah and t he Messenger.'' But if t hey t urn away, t hen Allah does not like t he disbelievers.)

Allah's Love is Attained by Following the Messenger This honorable Ayah j udges against t hose who claim t o love Allah, yet do not follow t he way of Muhammad . Such people are not t rue in t heir claim unt il t hey follow t he Shari` ah (Law) of Muhammad and his religion in all his st at ement s, act ions and condit ions. It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«キ∠ケ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ⇔ヤヨ∠ ハ ∠ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ »

(Whoever commit s an act t hat does not conform wit h our mat t er (religion), t hen it will be rej ect ed of him.) This is why Allah said here,

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇らら͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say (O Muhammad t o mankind): "If you (really) love Allah, t hen follow me, Allah will love you...'') meaning, what you will earn is much more t han what you sought in loving Him, for Allah will love you. Al-Hasan Al-Basri and several scholars among t he Salaf comment ed, "Some people claimed t hat t hey love Allah. So Allah t est ed t hem wit h t his Ayah;

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇らら͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say (O Muhammad t o mankind): "If you (really) love Allah, t hen follow me, Allah will love you...''). '' Allah t hen said,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ("And forgive you your sins. And Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.'') meaning, by your following t he Messenger , you will earn all t his wit h t he blessing of his mission. Allah next commands everyone,

び∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みプ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Obey Allah and t he Messenger.'' But if t hey t urn away) by defying t he Prophet ,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (t hen Allah does not like t he disbelievers.) t hus, t est ifying t hat defiance of t he Messenger's way const it ut es Kufr. Indeed, Allah does not like whoever does t his, even if he claims t hat he loves Allah and seeks a means of approach t o Him, unless, and unt il, he follows t he unlet t ered Prophet , t he Final Messenger from Allah t o t he t wo creat ions: mankind and t he Jinn. This is t he Prophet who, if t he previous Prophet s and might y Messengers were t o have been alive during his t ime, t hey would have no choice but t o follow, obey him, and t o abide by his Law. We will ment ion t his fact when we explain t he Ayah,

びリ ∠ ∇ΒΒあら͡ レｚ ャや ペ ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(And (remember) when Allah t ook t he Covenant of t he Prophet s) 3:81 , Allah willing.

メ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ルヱ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ ヴ∠ヘト ∠ ∇タや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ⇔るΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ヨハ ͡ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (33. Allah chose Adam, Nuh (Noah), t he family of Ibrahim and t he family of ` Imran above t he nat ions.) (34. Offspring, one of t he ot her, and Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower.)

The Chosen Ones Among the People of the Earth Allah st at es t hat He has chosen t hese households over t he people of t he eart h. For inst ance, Allah chose Adam, creat ed him wit h His Hand and blew life int o him. Allah commanded t he angels t o prost rat e before Adam, t aught him t he names of everyt hing and allowed him t o dwell in Paradise, but t hen sent him down from it out of His wisdom. Allah chose Nuh and made him t he first Messenger t o t he people of t he eart h, when t he people worshipped idols and associat ed ot hers wit h Allah in worship. Allah avenged t he way Nuh was t reat ed, for he kept calling his people day and night , in public and in secret , for a very long t ime. However, his calling t hem only made t hem shun him more, and t his is when Nuh supplicat ed against t hem. So Allah caused t hem t o drown, and none among t hem was saved, except t hose who followed t he religion t hat Allah sent t o Nuh. Allah also chose t he household of Ibrahim, including t he mast er of all mankind, and t he Final Prophet , Muhammad, peace be upon him. Allah also chose t he household of ` Imran, t he fat her of Marym bint ` Imran, t he mot her of ` Isa, peace be upon t hem. So ` Isa is from t he offspring of Ibrahim, as we will ment ion in t he Tafsir of Surat AlAn` am, Allah willing, and our t rust is in Him.

ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ ル∠ ヶあルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ヨハ ͡ れ ⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ヶあレョ͡ ∇モらｚ ボ∠ わ∠ プ∠ や⇔ケゲｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヶ͡レ∇トよ∠ ヶ͡プ べ∠ヰわ⊥ ∇バッ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヰ∇わバ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ミ∠ ｚグャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ろバ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヴ∠んル⊥ぺ マ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ワグ⊥ Β͡ハぺ⊥ ヴあル͡ま͡ヱ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ ∇Βヨｚ シ ∠ ヴあル͡ま∠ヱ ヴ∠んルｙΙゅ∠ミ び ユ͡ Β͡ィゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ヱ∠

(35. (Remember) when t he wife of ` Imran said: "O my Lord! I have vowed t o You what is in my womb t o be dedicat ed for Your services, so accept t his from me. Verily, You are t he AllHearer, t he All-Knowing.'') (36. Then when she gave birt h t o her, she said: "O my Lord! I have given birt h t o a female child, and Allah knew bet t er what she bore, "And t he male is not like t he female, and I have named her Maryam, and I seek refuge wit h You for her and for her offspring from Shayt an, t he out cast .'')

The Story of Maryam's Birth The wife of ` Imran ment ioned here is t he mot her of Maryam, and her name is Hannah bint Faqudh. Muhammad bin Ishaq ment ioned t hat Hannah could not have children and t hat one day, she saw a bird feeding it s chick. She wished she could have children and supplicat ed t o Allah t o grant her offspring. Allah accept ed her supplicat ion, and when her husband slept wit h her, she became pregnant . She vowed t o make her child concent rat e on worship and serving Bayt Al-Maqdis (t he Masj id in Jerusalem), when she became aware t hat she was pregnant . She said,

∇モらｚ ボ∠ わ∠ プ∠ や⇔ケゲｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヶ͡レ∇トよ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ ル∠ ヶあルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ びユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ろ ∠ ルぺ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ヶあレョ͡ (O my Lord! I have vowed t o You what is in my womb t o be dedicat ed for Your services, so accept t his from me. Verily, You are t he All-Hearer, t he All-Knowing.) meaning, You hear my supplicat ion and You know my int ent ion. She did not know t hen what she would give birt h t o, a male or a female.

ヴ∠んル⊥ぺ べ∠ヰわ⊥ ∇バッ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヰ∇わバ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ び∇ろバ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (Then when she gave birt h t o her, she said: "O my Lord! I have given birt h t o a female child, and Allah knew bet t er what she bore.)

びヴ∠んルｙΙゅ∠ミ ゲ⊥ ミ∠ ｚグャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he male is not like t he female,) in st rengt h and t he commit ment t o worship Allah and serve t he Masj id in Jerusalem.

びユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ ∇Βヨｚ シ ∠ ヴあル͡ま∠ヱぴ

(And I have named her Maryam,) t hus, t est ifying t o t he fact t hat it is allowed t o give a name t o t he newly born t he day it is born, as is apparent from t he Ayah, which is also a part of t he law of t hose who were before us. Furt her, t he Sunnah of t he Messenger of Allah ment ioned t hat t he Prophet said,

«ユΒ͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ヶ͡よぺ∠ ユ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Βｚヨシ ∠ ∩∀ギャ∠ヱ∠ る∠ ヤ∠∇Βヤｚャや ヶ ∠ ャ͡ ギ∠ ャ͡ヱ⊥ » (This night , a son was born for me and I called him by my fat her's name, Ibrahim.) Al-Bukhari and Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h. They also recorded t hat Anas bin Malik brought his newborn brot her t o t he Messenger of Allah who chewed a piece of dat e and put it in t he child's mout h and called him ` Abdullah. Ot her new born infant s were also given names on t he day t hey were born. Qat adah narrat ed t hat Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, t hat Samurah bin Jundub said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩͡ヮバ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠シ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ウ ⊥ よ∠ ∇グΑ⊥ ∩͡ヮわ͡ ボ∠ Β͡ボバ∠ よ͡ ∀リΒ͡ワ∠ケ ュ∃ ゅ∠ヤビ ⊥ ぁモミ⊥ » «ヮ⊥シぺ∠ケ∠ ペ ⊥ ヤ∠∇エΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴｚヨ∠ジΑ⊥ ∠ヱ (Every new born boy held in securit y by his ` Aqiqah, unt il his sevent h day, a sacrifice is offered on his behalf, he is given a name, and t he hair on his head is shaved.) This Hadit h was collect ed by Ahmad and t he collect ors of t he Sunan, and was graded Sahih by At -Tirmidhi. We should ment ion t hat anot her narrat ion for t his Hadit h cont ained t he wording, "and blood is offered on his behalf,'' which is more famous and est ablished t han t he former narrat ion, and Allah knows best . Allah's st at ement t hat Maryam's mot her said,

びユ͡ Β͡ィゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ヱ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ワグ⊥ Β͡ハぺ⊥ ヴあル͡ま͡ヱぴ ("...And I seek refuge wit h You for her and for her offspring from Shayt an, t he out cast .'') means, t hat she sought refuge wit h Allah from t he evil of Shayt an, for her and her offspring, i.e., ` Isa, peace be upon him. Allah accept ed her supplicat ion, for ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩⊥ギャ∠ヲ⊥Α リ ∠ Β͡ェ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ｚジョ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ギ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥Α キ∃ ヲ⊥ャ∇ヲョ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» «ゅ∠ヰ∠レ∇よや∠ヱ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∩⊥ロゅｚΑま͡ ヮ͡ ジ あ ョ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ⇔カ͡ケゅ∠タ モ ぁ ヰ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠

(Every newly born baby is t ouched by Shayt an when it is born, and t he baby st art s crying because of t his t ouch, except Maryam and her son.) Abu Hurayrah t hen said, "Read if you will,

びユ͡ Β͡ィゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ヱ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ワグ⊥ Β͡ハぺ⊥ ヴあル͡ま͡ヱぴ (And I seek refuge wit h You for her and for her offspring from Shayt an, t he out cast ).'' The Two Sahihs recorded t his Hadit h.

ゅ⇔レ∠ジ∠ェ ゅ⇔ゎゅ∠らル∠ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ ら∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ リ ∃ジ ∠ェ ∠ メ ∃ ヲ⊥らボ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰよぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠らｚ ボ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ぴ ゆ ∠ や∠ゲ∇エヨ͡ ∇ャや ゅｚΑゲ͡ ミ∠ コ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ゅｚΑゲ͡ ミ∠ コ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ヤヘｚ ∠ミ∠ヱ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ や∠グ⇒∠ワ マ ͡ ャ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ ゅ∠ワ∠ギレ͡ハ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ベ ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ びゆ ∃ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ (37. So her Lord (Allah) accept ed her wit h goodly accept ance. He made her grow in a good manner and put her under t he care of Zakariyya. Every t ime he ent ered t he Mihrab t o (visit ) her, he found her supplied wit h sust enance. He said: "O Maryam! From where have you got t en t his'' She said, "This is from Allah.'' Verily, Allah provides sust enance t o whom He wills, wit hout limit .)

Maryam Grows Up; Her Honor is with Allah Allah st at es t hat He has accept ed Maryam as a result of her mot her's vow and t hat He,

びゅ⇔レジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ⇔ゎゅ∠らル∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠わ∠らル∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (made her grow in a good manner) meaning, made her conduct becoming, her mannerism delight ful and He made her well liked among people. He also made her accompany t he right eous people, so t hat she learned right eousness, knowledge and religion.

びゅｚΑゲ͡ ミ∠ コ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ヤヘｚ ∠ミ∠ヱぴ (And put her under t he care of Zakariyya) meaning, Allah made Zakariyya her sponsor. Allah made Zakariyya Maryam's guardian for her benefit , so t hat she would learn from his

t remendous knowledge and right eous conduct . He was t he husband of her mat ernal aunt , as Ibn Ishaq and Ibn Jarir st at ed, or her brot her-in-law, as ment ioned in t he Sahih,

«る∠ャゅ∠ガ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇よや ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ヴジΒ͡ハヱ∠ ヴ∠Β∇エΒ∠ よ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ » (I saw John and ` Isa, who are mat ernal cousins.) We should st at e t hat in general t erms, what Ibn Ishaq said is plausible, and in t his case, Maryam was under t he care of her mat ernal aunt . The Two Sahihs recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah decided t hat ` Amarah, t he daught er of Hamzah, be raised by her mat ernal aunt , t he wife of Ja` far bin Abi Talib, saying,

«ュ⊥ほ∇ャや る͡ ャ∠ゴ͡ ∇レヨ∠ よ͡ る⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ガ∇ャや» (The mat ernal aunt is j ust like t he mot her.) Allah t hen emphasizes Maryam's honor and virt ue at t he place of worship she at t ended,

ゅ∠ワ∠ギレ͡ハ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠ゲ∇エヨ͡ ∇ャや ゅｚΑゲ͡ ミ∠ コ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ びゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ (Every t ime he ent ered t he Mihrab t o (visit ) her, he found her supplied wit h sust enance.) Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Abu Ash-Sha` t ha, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, ` At iyah Al-` Awfi and As-Suddi said, "He would find wit h her t he fruit s of t he summer during wint er, and t he fruit s of t he wint er during summer.'' When Zakariyya would see t his; d

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ マ ͡ ャ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "O Maryam! From where have you got t en t his'') meaning, where did you get t hese fruit s from

￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ベ ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホぴ びゆ ∃ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ (She said, "This is from Allah.'' Verily, Allah provides sust enance t o whom He wills, wit hout limit .)

リ͡ョ ヴ͡ャ ∇ょワ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ゅｚΑゲ͡ ミ∠ コ∠ ゅ∠ハキ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ ぴ ヮ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ ゅ∠レプ∠ - ￢͡ べ∠ハギぁ ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨシ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ る⇔ ら∠ Βあ デ ∠ ⇔るΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ マ ∠ ∇ルギ⊥ ャｚ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠ゲ∇エヨ͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヴあヤダ ∠ Α⊥ ∀ユ͡もゅ∠ホ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや や⇔ギΒあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ る∃ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴ⇒∠Β∇エΒ∠ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ゼ あ ら∠ Α⊥ ヴｚルぺ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ６Βら͡ ル∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ダェ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ゲ͡ホゅ∠ハ ヴ͡ゎぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ム͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡レピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤビ ⊥ ヶ͡ャ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ モ∠バ∇ィや ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ Ι ｚ ま͡ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る∠ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ユ∠ ヤあム∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ わ⊥ Α∠ や∠￢ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ヴあャ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ム∇よΗ ͡ や∠ヱ ヴ あゼ ͡ バ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ウらあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケｚ ゲ⊥ミ∇クや∠ヱ や⇔ゴ∇ョケ∠ び (38. At t hat t ime Zakariyya invoked his Lord, saying: "O my Lord! Grant me from You, a good offspring. You are indeed t he All-Hearer of invocat ion.'') (39. Then t he angels called him, while he was st anding in prayer in t he Mihrab, (saying): "Allah gives you glad t idings of Yahya, believing in t he Word from Allah, and Sayyidan, and Hasuran, a Prophet , from among t he right eous.'') (40. He said: "O my Lord! How can I have a son when I am very old, and my wife is barren'' (Allah) said: "Thus Allah does what He wills.'') (41. He said: "O my Lord! Make a sign for me.'' (Allah) said: "Your sign is t hat you shall not speak t o t he people for t hree days except by signals. And remember your Lord much, and glorify (Him) in t he aft ernoon and in t he morning.'')

The Supplication of Zakariyya, and the Good News of Yahya's Birth When Zakariyya saw t hat Allah provided sust enance for Maryam by giving her t he fruit s of wint er in summer and t he fruit s of summer in wint er, he was eager t o have a child of his own. By t hen, Zakariyya had become an old man, his bones feeble and his head full of gray hair. His wife was an old women who was barren. Yet , he st ill supplicat ed t o Allah and called Him in secret ,

びマ ∠ ∇ルギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ ヴ͡ャ ∇ょワ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ (O my Lord! Grant me from Ladunka,) from You,

びる⇔ ら∠ Βあ デ ∠ ⇔るΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ ぴ (A good offspring) meaning, a right eous offspring,

び￢͡ べ∠ハギぁ ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨシ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (You are indeed t he All-Hearer of invocat ion.) Allah said,

びゆ ͡ や∠ゲ∇エヨ͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヴあヤダ ∠ Α⊥ ∀ユ͡もゅ∠ホ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ ゅ∠レプ∠ ぴ (Then t he angels called him, while he was st anding in prayer in t he Mihrab,) meaning, t he angels spoke t o him direct ly while he was secluded, st anding in prayer at his place of worship. Allah t old us about t he good news t hat t he angels delivered t o Zakariyya,

びヴ⇒∠Β∇エΒ∠ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ゼ あ ら∠ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ぴ (Allah gives you glad t idings of Yahya, ) of a child from your offspring, his name is Yahya. Qat adah and ot her scholars said t hat he was called Yahya (lit erally, ` he lives') because Allah filled his life wit h fait h. Allah said next ,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ る∃ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョ⊥ ぴ (believing in t he Word from Allah) Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, and also Al-Hasan, Qat adah, ` Ikrimah, Muj ahid, Abu Ash-Sha` t ha, As-Suddi, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Ad-Dahhak, and several ot hers said t hat t he Ayah,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ る∃ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョ⊥ ぴ (believing in t he Word from Allah) means, "Believing in ` Isa, son of Maryam.'' Abu Al-` Aliyah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Qat adah and Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びや⇔ギΒあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Sayyidan) means, a wise man. Ibn ` Abbas, At h-Thawri and Ad-Dahhak said t hat Sayyidan means, "The noble, wise and pious man.'' Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib said t hat Sayyid is t he scholar

and Faqih. ` At iyah said t hat Sayyid is t he man noble in behavior and piet y. ` Ikrimah said t hat it refers t o a person who is not overcome by anger, while Ibn Zayd said t hat it refers t o t he noble man. Muj ahid said t hat Sayyidan means, honored by Allah. Allah's st at ement ,

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ダェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Hasuran) does not mean he refrains from sexual relat ions wit h women, but t hat he is immune from illegal sexual relat ions. This does not mean t hat he does not marry women and have legal sexual relat ions wit h t hem, for Zakariyya said in his supplicat ion for t he benefit of Yahya,

びる⇔ ら∠ Βあ デ ∠ ⇔るΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ マ ∠ ∇ルギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ ヴ͡ャ ∇ょワ∠ ぴ (Grant me from You, a good offspring), meaning, grant me a son who will have offspring, and Allah knows best . Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ６Βら͡ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (A Prophet , from among t he right eous) delivers more good news of sending Yahya as Prophet aft er t he good news t hat he will be born. This good news was even bet t er t han t he news of Yahya's birt h. In a similar st at ement , Allah said t o t he mot her of Musa,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ͡ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ マ ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ロ⊥ ヱぁキへ∠ケ ゅルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, We shall bring him back t o you, and shall make him one of t he Messengers.) 28:7 When Zakariyya heard t he good news, he st art ed cont emplat ing about having children at his age. He said,

ゲ⊥ ら∠ ム͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡レピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤビ ⊥ ヶ͡ャ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∀ゲ͡ホゅ∠ハ ヴ͡ゎぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや∠ヱ ("O my Lord! How can I have a son when I am very old, and my wife is barren'' (He) said...) meaning t he angel said,

び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ ("Thus Allah does what He wills.'') meaning, t his is Allah's mat t er, He is so Might y t hat not hing escapes His power, nor is anyt hing beyond His abilit y.

びる⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ヴあャ モ∠バ∇ィや ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "O my Lord! Make a sign for me'') meaning make a sign t hat alert s me t hat t he child will come,

びや⇔ゴ∇ョケ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る∠ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ユ∠ ヤあム∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ わ⊥ Α∠ や∠￢ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ((Allah) said: "Your sign is t hat you shall not speak t o t he people for t hree days except by signals.'') meaning, you will not be able t o speak except wit h signals, alt hough you are not mut e. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,

びゅ⇔Α∂ ヲ͡ シ ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠Βャ∠ ゑ ∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ぴ (For t hree night s, t hough having no bodily defect .) 19:10 Allah t hen commanded Zakariyya t o supplicat e, t hank and praise Him oft en in t hat condit ion,

びゲ͡ ⇒∠ム∇よΗ ͡ や∠ヱ ヴ あゼ ͡ バ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ウらあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケｚ ゲ⊥ミ∇クや∠ヱぴ (And remember your Lord much and glorify (Him) in t he aft ernoon and in t he morning. ) We will elaborat e more on t his subj ect in t he beginning of Surah Maryam (chapt er 19), Allah willing.

マ ͡ ⇒∠ヘト ∠ ∇タや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ Α る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ Α - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ￢͡ べ∠ジル͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ͡ ⇒∠ヘト ∠ ∇タや∠ヱ ポ ͡ ゲ∠ ヰｚ デ ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡バミ͡ ゲ∠ ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ヴ͡バミ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱ ン͡ギイ ⊥ ∇シや∠ヱ マ ͡ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ヴ͡わレ⊥ ∇ホや ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ Β͡ェヲ⊥ル ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ￢͡ べ∠らル∠ぺ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠

∇ユヰ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ モ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Αぁぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ∠ ⇒∠ヤ∇ホぺ∠ ラヲ⊥ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ∇クま͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ∇クま͡ (42. And (remember) when t he angels said: "O Maryam! Verily, Allah has chosen you, purified you, and chosen you above t he women of t he nat ions.'') (43. "O Maryam! Submit yourself wit h obedience (Aqnut i) t o your Lord and prost rat e yourself, and bow down along wit h Ar-Raki` in.'') (44. This is a part of t he news of t he Ghayb (Unseen) which We reveal t o you. You were not wit h t hem, when t hey cast lot s wit h t heir pens as t o which of t hem should be charged wit h t he care of Maryam; nor were you wit h t hem when t hey disput ed.)

The Virtue of Maryam Over the Women of Her Time Allah st at es t hat t he angels spoke t o Maryam by His command and t old her t hat He chose her because of her service t o Him, because of her modest y, honor, innocence, and convict ion. Allah also chose her because of her virt ue over t he women of t he world. At -Tirmidhi recorded t hat ` Ali bin Abi Talib said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

ゅ∠ヰも͡ ゅ∠ジル͡ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ラや∠ゲ∇ヨハ ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇レよ͡ ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠ヰも͡ ゅ∠ジル͡ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠» «ギ͡ヤ∇Αヲ∠ カ ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇レよ͡ る⊥ イ ∠ Α͡ギカ ∠ (The best woman (in her t ime) was Maryam, daught er of ` Imran, and t he best woman (of t he Prophet 's t ime) is Khadij ah (his wife), daught er of Khuwaylid.)'' The Two Sahihs recorded t his Hadit h. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

￢͡ ゅ∠ジレあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇モヨ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ィゲあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ モ ∠ ヨ⊥ ミ∠ » «ラ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ り⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや る⊥ Β∠ シ ͡ へ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ や∠ゲ∇ヨハ ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇レよ͡ ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅｚャま͡ (Many men achieved perfect ion, but among women, only Maryam t he daught er of ` Imran and Asiah, t he wife of Fir` awn, achieved perfect ion.) The Six -- wit h t he except ion of Abu Dawud - recorded it . Al-Bukhari's wording for it reads,

￢͡ ゅ∠ジレあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇モヨ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ィゲあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ モ ∠ ヨ⊥ ミ∠ » ∩∠ラや∠ゲ∇ヨハ ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇レよ͡ ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ラ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ り⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや る⊥ Β∠ シ ͡ へ ゅｚャま͡ ギ͡ Α͡ゲんｚ ャや モ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ ミ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ジレあ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∠ ゼ ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ハ モ ∠ ∇ツプ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ «ュゅ∠バト ｚ ャや ゲ͡ も͡ ゅ∠シ ヴヤ∠ハ (Many men reached t he level of perfect ion, but no woman reached such a level except Asiah, t he wife of Fir` awn, and Maryam, t he daught er of ` Imran. The superiorit y of ` A'ishah (his wife) t o ot her women, is like t he superiorit y of Tharid (meat and bread dish) t o ot her meals.) We ment ioned t he various chains of narrat ion and wordings for t his Hadit h in t he st ory of ` Isa, son of Maryam, in our book, Al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah, all t he t hanks are due t o Allah. Allah st at es t hat t he angels commanded Maryam t o increase act s of worship, humbleness, submission, prost rat ion, bowing, and so fort h, so t hat she would acquire what Allah had decreed for her, as a t est for her. Yet , t his t est also earned her a higher grade in t his life and t he Hereaft er, for Allah demonst rat ed His might by creat ing a son inside her wit hout male int ervent ion. Allah said,

ノ∠ ョ∠ ヴ͡バ∠ミ∇ケや∠ヱ ン͡ギイ ⊥ ∇シや∠ヱ マ ͡ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ヴ͡わレ⊥ ∇ホや ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ Αぴ びリ ∠ Β͡バミ͡ ゲ∠ ャや ("O Maryam! Submit yourself wit h obedience (Aqnut i) and prost rat e yourself, and bow down along wit h Ar-Raki` in.'') As for Qunut (Aqnut i in t he Ayah), it means t o submit wit h humbleness. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥わレ͡ ⇒∠ホ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ ｘ ミ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ∠よぴ (Nay, t o Him belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and on eart h, and all surrender wit h obedience (Qanit un) t o Him.) 2:116 Allah next said t o His Messenger aft er He ment ioned Maryam's st ory,

びマ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ Β͡ェヲ⊥ル ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ￢͡ べ∠らル∠ぺ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ

(This is a part of t he news of t he Ghayb which We reveal.) "and narrat e t o you (O Muhammad ), ''

モ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Αぁ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ∠ ⇒∠ヤ∇ホぺ∠ ラヲ⊥ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ∇クま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ∇クま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ (You were not wit h t hem, when t hey cast lot s wit h t heir pens as t o which of t hem should be charged wit h t he care of Maryam; nor were you wit h t hem when t hey disput ed.) meaning, "You were not present , O Muhammad, when t his occurred, so you cannot narrat e what happened t o t he people as an eye wit ness. Rat her, Allah disclosed t hese fact s t o you as if you were a wit ness, when t hey conduct ed a lot t ery t o choose t he cust odian of Maryam, seeking t he reward of t his good deed.'' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat ` Ikrimah said, "Maryam's mot her left wit h Maryam, carrying her in her infant clot h, and t ook her t o t he rabbis from t he offspring of Aaron, t he brot her of Musa. They were responsible for t aking care of Bayt Al-Maqdis (t he Masj id) at t hat t ime, j ust as t here were t hose who t ook care of t he Ka` bah. Maryam's mot her said t o t hem, ` Take t his child whom I vowed t o serve t he Masj id , I have set her free, since she is my daught er, for no menst ruat ing woman should ent er t he Masj id, and I shall not t ake her back home.' They said, ` She is t he daught er of our Imam,' as ` Imran used t o lead t hem in prayer, ` who t ook care of our sacrificial rit uals.' Zakariyya said, ` Give her t o me, for her mat ernal aunt is my wife.' They said, ` Our heart s cannot bear t hat you t ake her, for she is t he daught er of our Imam.' So t hey conduct ed a lot t ery wit h t he pens wit h which t hey wrot e t he Tawrah, and Zakariyya won t he lot t ery and t ook Maryam int o his care.'''. ` Ikrimah, As-Suddi, Qat adah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, and several ot hers said t hat t he rabbis went int o t he Jordan river and conduct ed a lot t ery t here, deciding t o t hrow t heir pens int o t he river. The pen t hat remained afloat and idle would indicat e t hat it s owner would t ake care of Maryam. When t hey t hrew t heir pens int o t he river, t he wat er t ook all t he pens under, except Zakariyya's pen, which remained afloat in it s place. Zakariyya was also t heir mast er, chief, scholar, Imam and Prophet , may Allah's peace and blessings be on him and t he rest of t he Prophet s.

る∃ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ポ ͡ ゲ⊥ ゼ あ ら∠ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ Α る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ ヶ͡プ ゅ⇔ヰΒ͡ィヱ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇シや ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ヴ͡プ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ あヤム∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡よゲｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴｚルぺ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ ∇ヰミ∠ ヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ジジ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠

リ⊥ミ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ や∠クま͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ びラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ (45. (Remember) when t he angels said: "O Maryam! Verily, Allah gives you t he glad t idings of a Word from Him, his name will be Al-Masih, ` Isa, t he son of Maryam, held in honor in t his world and in t he Hereaft er, and he will be one of t hose who are near t o Allah.'') (46. "He will speak t o t he people, in t he cradle and in manhood, and he will be one of t he right eous.'') (47. She said: "O my Lord! How shall I have a son when no man has t ouched me.'' He said: "So (it will be) for Allah creat es what He wills. When He has decreed somet hing, He says t o it only: ` Be! and it is.'')

Delivering the Good News to Maryam of ` Isa's Birth This Ayah cont ains t he glad t idings t he angels brought t o Maryam t hat she would give birt h t o a might y son who will have a great fut ure. Allah said,

る∃ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ポ ͡ ゲ⊥ ゼ あ ら∠ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ Α る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ びヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ((Remember) when t he angels said: "O Maryam! Verily, Allah gives you t he glad t idings of a Word from Him,) a son who will come int o exist ence wit h a word from Allah, ` Be', and he was. This is t he meaning of Allah's st at ement (about Yahya)

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ る∃ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョ⊥ ぴ (Believing in t he Word from Allah.) 3:39 , according t o t he maj orit y of t he scholars.

びユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇シやぴ (His name will be Al-Masih, ` Isa, t he son of Maryam) and he will be known by t his name in t his life, especially by t he believers. ` Isa was called "Al-Masih'' (t he Messiah) because when he t ouched (Mash) t hose afflict ed wit h an illness, t hey would be healed by Allah's leave. Allah's st at ement ,

びユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハぴ (` Isa, t he son of Maryam) relat es ` Isa t o his mot her, because he did not have a fat her.

びリ ∠ Β͡よゲｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ⇔ヰΒ͡ィヱ∠ ぴ (Held in honor in t his world and in t he Hereaft er, and will be one of t hose who are near t o Allah.) meaning, he will be a leader and honored by Allah in t his life, because of t he Law t hat Allah will reveal t o him, sending down t he Script ure t o him, along wit h t he ot her bount ies t hat Allah will grant him wit h. ` Isa will be honored in t he Hereaft er and will int ercede wit h Allah, by His leave, on behalf of some people, j ust as is t he case wit h his bret hren t he might y Messengers of Allah, peace be upon t hem all.

` Isa Spoke When He was Still in the Cradle Allah said,

びΚ ⇔ ∇ヰミ∠ ヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ あヤム∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (He will speak t o t he people, in t he cradle and in manhood,) calling t o t he worship of Allah Alone wit hout part ners, while st ill in t he cradle, as a miracle from Allah, and when he is a man, by Allah's revelat ion t o him. Muhammad bin Ishaq recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ょ ⊥ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タヱ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ゅｚャま͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ピ∠ タ ͡ ヶ͡プ ∀キヲ⊥ャ∇ヲョ∠ ユ∠ ヤｚム∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ» «ア∇Αゲ∠ ィ ⊥ (No infant spoke in t he cradle except ` Isa and t he companion of Jurayj .) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,

ヶ ｘ ら͡ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ :∀る∠をゅ∠ヤ∠を ゅｚャま͡ ギ͡ ∇ヰヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユヤｚム∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠» «ゲ∠カへ ヶ ｘ ら͡ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∃ア∇Αゲ∠ ィ ⊥ リ ͡ ョ∠ コ∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ (No infant spoke in t he cradle except t hree, ` Isa, t he boy during t he t ime of Jurayj , and anot her boy.)

びリ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And he will be one of t he right eous.) in his st at ement s and act ions, for he will possess, pure knowledge and right eous works.

` Isa was Created Without a Father When Maryam heard t he good news t hat t he angels conveyed from Allah, she said;

びゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ジジ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ ("O my Lord! How shall I have a son when no man has t ouched me.'') Mary said, "How can I have a son while I did not marry, nor int end t o marry, nor am I an indecent woman, may Allah forbid'' The angel conveyed t o Maryam, Allah's answer,

び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (So (it will be) for Allah creat es what He wills.) He is Might y in power and not hing escapes His abilit y. Allah used t he word ` creat e' here inst ead of t he word ` does' as in t he t ale about Zakariyya 3:40 , t o eradicat e any evil t hought concerning ` Isa. Allah next emphasized t his fact when He said,

びラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ リ⊥ミ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ や∠クま͡ぴ (When He has decreed somet hing, He says t o it only: "Be! and it is.) meaning, what Allah wills, comes int o exist ence inst ant ly and wit hout delay. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,

び ゲ͡ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ウ ∃ ∇ヨヤ∠ミ∠ り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And Our commandment is but one as t he t winkling of an eye.) 54:50 , meaning, "We only issue t he command once, and it comes int o exist ence inst ant ly, as fast as, and fast er t han, a blink of t he eye. ''

- モ ∠ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱ り∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや∠ヱ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ リあョ る∃ Α∠ べ͡よ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギホ∠ ヴあルぺ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βト ｚ ャや る͡ ゃ∠ ∇Βヰ∠ ミ∠ リ ͡ Βあトャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇カぺ∠ ヴ͡ルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ

ヮ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ミΙ ｘ や ￢⊥ ン͡ゲ∇よぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ や⇔ゲ∇Βデ ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ オ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ほプ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ユ⊥ムゃ⊥ らあ ル∠ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ヱ∠ ソ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇よΙ ｘ やヱ る⇔ Α∠ Ε ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ͡ ギｚ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ヵ ｚ ギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホギあ ダ ∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ∠ ゲあ ェ ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚや ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ムャ∠ モ ｚェ ͡Ι ｘ ヱ∠ り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ る∃ Α∠ ほ∠よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ヱ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∀ ゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや (48. And He will t each him t he Book and Al-Hikmah, and t he Tawrah and t he Inj il.) (49. And will make him a Messenger t o t he Children of Israel (saying): "I have come t o you wit h a sign from your Lord, t hat I design for you out of clay, a figure like t hat of a bird, and breat he int o it , and it becomes a bird by Allah's leave; and I heal t he blind, and t he leper, and I bring t he dead t o life by Allah's leave. And I inform you of what you eat , and what you st ore in your houses. Surely, t herein is a sign for you, if you believe.'') (50. "(And I have come) confirming t hat which was before me of t he Tawrah, and t o make lawful t o you part of what was forbidden t o you, and I have come t o you wit h a proof from your Lord. So have Taqwa of Allah and obey me.'') (51. "Truly, Allah is my Lord and your Lord, so worship Him (Alone). This is t he st raight pat h.'')

The Description of ` Isa and the Miracles He Performed Allah st at es t hat t he good news brought t o Maryam about ` Isa was even bet t er because Allah would t each him,

びる∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやぴ (t he Book and Al-Hikmah). It appears t hat t he ` Book' t he Ayah ment ioned here refers t o writ ing. We explained t he meaning of Al-Hikmah in t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Baqarah.

びモ ∠ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱ り∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャやぴ (t he Tawrah and t he Inj il). The Tawrah is t he Book t hat Allah sent down t o Musa, son of ` Imran, while t he Inj il is what Allah sent down t o ` Isa, son of Maryam, peace be upon t hem, and ` Isa memorized bot h Books. Allah's st at ement ,

びモ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And will make him a Messenger t o t he Children of Israel) means, t hat Allah will send ` Isa as a Messenger t o t he Children of Israel, proclaiming t o t hem,

リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇カぺ∠ ヴ͡ルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ る∃ Α∠ べ͡よ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギホ∠ ヴあルぺ∠ぴ ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ や⇔ゲ∇Βデ ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ Βプ͡ オ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ほプ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βト ｚ ャや る͡ ゃ∠ ∇Βヰ∠ ミ∠ リ ͡ Βあトャや びヮ͡ ヤｚャや (I have come t o you wit h a sign from your Lord, t hat I design for you out of clay, a figure like t hat of a bird, and breat he int o it , and it becomes a bird by Allah's leave). These are t he miracles t hat ` Isa performed; he used t o make t he shape of a bird from clay and blow int o it , and it became a bird by Allah's leave. Allah made t his a miracle for ` Isa t o t est ify t hat He had sent him.

びヮ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ミΙ ｘ や ￢⊥ ン͡ゲ∇よぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (And I heal him who is Akmah) meaning, ` a person who was born blind,' which perfect s t his miracle and makes t he challenge more daring.

びソ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇よΙ ｘ や∠ヱぴ (And t he leper) which is a known disease,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (And I bring t he dead t o life by Allah's leave). Many scholars st at ed t hat Allah sent every Prophet wit h a miracle suit able t o his t ime. For inst ance, in t he t ime of Musa, magic was t he t rade of t he t ime, and magicians held a high posit ion. So Allah sent Musa wit h a miracle t hat capt ured t he eyes and bewildered every magician. When t he magicians realized t hat Musa's miracle came from t he Almight y, Most Great , t hey embraced Islam and became pious believers. As for ` Isa, he was sent during a t ime when medicine and knowledge in physics were advancing. ` Isa brought t hem t he t ypes of miracles t hat could not be performed, except by one sent by Allah. How can any physician bring life t o clay, cure blindness and leprosy and bring back t o life t hose ent rapped in t he grave Muhammad was sent during t he t ime of eloquent people and proficient poet s. He brought t hem a Book from Allah; if mankind and t he Jinn t ried t o imit at e t en chapt ers, or even one chapt er of it , t hey will ut t erly fail in t his t ask, even if t hey t ried t o do it by collect ive

cooperat ion. This is because t he Qur'an is t he Word of Allah and is not hing like t hat of t he creat ures. ` Isa's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ͡ ギｚ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ムゃ⊥ らあ ル∠ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (And I inform you of what you eat , and what you st ore in your houses) means, I t ell you about what one of you has j ust eat en and what he is keeping in his house for t omorrow.

びマ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, t herein), all t hese miracles,

び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ る⇔ Α∠ Ε ∠ぴ (is a sign for you) t est ifying t o t he t rut h of what I was sent t o you wit h,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ヵ ｚ ギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅホ⇔ ギあ ダ ∠ ョ⊥ ヲ∠ レ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡まぴ びり͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや (If you believe. And I have come confirming t hat which was before me of t he Tawrah,) affirming t he Tawrah and upholding it ,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ∠ ゲあ ェ ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚや ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ムャ∠ モ ｚェ ͡Ι ｘ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t o make lawful t o you part of what was forbidden t o you.) This part of t he Ayah indicat es t hat ` Isa abrogat ed some of t he Laws of t he Tawrah and informed t he Jews of t he t rut h regarding some issues t hat t hey used t o disput e about . In anot her Ayah;

びヮ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ング͡ ャｚや ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ムャ∠ リ ∠ Βあ よ∠ Ε ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And in order t o make clear t o you some of t he (point s) in which you differ) 43:63 . ` Isa said next ,

び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ る∃ Α∠ ほ∠よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And I have come t o you wit h a proof from your Lord.) "Cont aining affirmat ion and evidence t o t he t rut h of what I am conveying t o you.''

∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プぴ びロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ (So have Taqwa of Allah and obey me. Truly, Allah is my Lord and your Lord, so worship Him (Alone).) for I and you are equal in our servit ude, submission and humbleness t o Him,

び∀ユΒ͡ボ∠わ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∀ ゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (This is t he st raight pat h.)

ン͡ケゅ∠ダル∠ぺ ∇リョ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゲ∠ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ザ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ケ⊥ ゅ∠ダ∇ルぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁΑケ͡ や∠ヲエ ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ろャ∠ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅｚルほ∠よ͡ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ゲム∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒ｚゼャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らわ⊥ ∇ミゅ∠プ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇バ∠らゎｚ や∠ヱ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ム∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ (52. Then when ` Isa came t o know of t heir disbelief, he said: "Who will be my helpers in Allah's cause'' Al-Hawariyyun said: "We are t he helpers of Allah; we believe in Allah, and bear wit ness t hat we are Muslims.'') (53. "Our Lord! We believe in what You have sent down, and we follow t he Messenger ` Isa ; so writ e us down among t hose who bear wit ness.'') (54. And t hey (disbelievers) plot t ed and Allah planned t oo. And Allah is t he Best of t hose who plot )

The Disciples Give Their Support to ` Isa Allah said,

びヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ザ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ

(Then when ` Isa came t o know), meaning, ` Isa felt t hat t hey were adamant in disbelief and cont inuing in misguidance. He said t o t hem,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ケゅ∠ダル∠ぺ ∇リョ∠ ぴ (Who will be my helper in Allah's cause) Muj ahid comment ed, "Meaning, who would follow me t o Allah'' However, it appears t hat ` Isa was asking, "Who would help me convey t he Message of Allah'' The Prophet said during t he Haj j season, before t he Hij rah,

ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∨ヶあよケ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ヤミ∠ ヒ∠ ヤあよ∠ ぺ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヶ͡レΑ͡ヱ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ∇リョ∠ » «ヶあよケ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ヤミ∠ ヒ∠ ヤあよ∠ ぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥バレ∠ ョ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ⇔ゼ∇Αゲ∠ ホ⊥ (Who will give me asylum so t hat I can convey t he Speech of my Lord, for t he Quraysh have prevent ed me from conveying t he Speech of my Lord.) unt il he found t he Ansar. The Ansar helped t he Prophet and gave him refuge. He lat er migrat ed t o t hem, t hey comfort ed t he Prophet and prot ect ed him from all his enemies, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem all. This is similar t o what happened wit h ` Isa, for some of t he Children of Israel believed in him, gave him t heir aid and support and followed t he light t hat was sent wit h him. This is why Allah said about t hem;

ン͡ケゅ∠ダル∠ぺ ∇リョ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゲ∠ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ザ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ケ⊥ ゅ∠ダ∇ルぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁΑケ͡ や∠ヲエ ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ろャ∠ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅｚルほ∠よ͡ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ びリ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒ｚゼャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らわ⊥ ∇ミゅ∠プ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇バ∠らゎｚ や∠ヱ (Al-Hawariyyun said: "We are t he helpers of Allah; we believe in Allah, and bear wit ness t hat we are Muslims. Our Lord! We believe in what You have sent down, and we follow t he Messenger; so writ e us down among t hose who bear wit ness.'') Hawari in Arabic - means ` support '. The Two Sahihs recorded t hat when t he Prophet encouraged t he people t o fight during t he bat t le of Al-Ahzab, Az-Zubayr came forward, and again, when t he Prophet asked for fight ers a second t ime. The Prophet said,

«ゲ∇Βよ∠ ゴぁ ャや ヶあΑケ͡ や∠ヲェ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ６Αケ͡ や∠ヲェ ∠ ヶ ∠ ら͡ ル∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡» (Every Prophet has a Hawari, and Az-Zubayr is my Hawari)

Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about ,

びリ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒ｚゼャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らわ⊥ ∇ミゅ∠プぴ (so writ e us down among t hose who bear wit ness) "Meaning among t he Ummah of Muhammad.'' This Hadit h has a good chain of narrat ion

The Jews Plot to Kill ` Isa Allah st at es t hat t he Children of Israel t ried t o kill ` Isa by conspiring t o defame him and crucify him. They complained about him t o t he king who was a disbeliever. They claimed t hat ` Isa was a man who misguided people, discouraged t hem from obeying t he king, caused division, and separat ed bet ween man and his own son. They also said ot her lies about ` Isa, which t hey will carry on t heir necks, including accusing him of being an illegit imat e son. The king became furious and sent his men t o capt ure ` Isa t o t ort ure and crucify him. When t hey surrounded ` Isa's home and he t hought t hat t hey would surely capt ure him, Allah saved him from t hem, raising him up from t he house t o heaven. Allah put t he image of ` Isa on a man who was in t he house; when t he unj ust people went in t he house while it was st ill dark, t hey t hought t hat he was ` Isa. They capt ured t hat man, humiliat ed and crucified him. They also placed t horns on his head. However, Allah deceived t hese people. He saved and raised His Prophet from t hem, leaving t hem in disarray in t he darkness of t heir t ransgression, t hinking t hat t hey had successfully achieved t heir goal. Allah made t heir heart s hard, and defiant of t he t rut h, disgracing t hem in such disgrace t hat it will remain wit h t hem unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. This is why Allah said,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ム∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲム∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey plot t ed, and Allah planned t oo. And Allah is t he Best of t hose who plot .)

ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ マ ∠ バ⊥ プ͡ や∠ケヱ∠ マ ∠ Βあプヲ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ヶあルま͡ ヴ∠ジΒ͡バΑ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ハ ͡ ゅ∠ィヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ヰあ ト ∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ ヶ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ や⇔ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ あグハ ∠ ほ⊥プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲダ ͡ ⇒ｚル リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ Βあプヲ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢

リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ び ユ͡ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇ミグあ ャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΓや t (55. And (remember) when Allah said: "O ` Isa! I will t ake you and raise you t o Myself and purify save you from t hose who disbelieve, and I will make t hose who follow you superior t o t hose who disbelieve t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion. Then you will ret urn t o Me and I will j udge bet ween you in t he mat t ers in which you used t o disput e.'' (56. "As t o t hose who disbelieve, I will punish t hem wit h severe t orment in t his world and in t he Hereaft er, and t hey will have no helpers.'') (57. And as for t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, Allah will pay t hem t heir reward in full. And Allah does not like t he wrongdoers.) (58. This is what We recit e t o you of t he verses and t he Wise Reminder.)

Meaning of ` Take You Allah said,

びヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ マ ∠ バ⊥ プ͡ や∠ケヱ∠ マ ∠ Βあプヲ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ヶあルま͡ぴ (I will t ake you and raise you t o Myself) while you are asleep. Allah said in a similar Ayat ,

びモ ͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よ ユ⊥ム⇒ｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (It is He Who t akes your souls by night (when you are asleep).) 6:60 , and,

∇ろヨ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ⇒͡ゎ∇ヲョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ザ ∠ ヘ⊥ ルｘΙや ヴｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやぴ びゅ∠ヰ⇒͡ョゅ∠レョ∠ ヴ͡プ (It is Allah Who t akes away t he souls at t he t ime of t heir deat h, and t hose t hat die not during t heir sleep.) 39:42 . The Messenger of Allah used t o recit e t he following words when he would awaken;

ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠レゎ∠ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠ルゅ∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ぶ ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや» «ケヲ⊥ゼレぁ ャや

(All t he t hanks are due t o Allah Who brought us back t o life aft er He had caused us t o die (sleep), and t he Ret urn is t o Him). Allah said,

ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠わ∇ヰよ⊥ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ よ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ウ ∠ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ∠ らあ セ ⊥ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥らヤ∠タ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (And because of t heir disbelief and allegat ions against Maryam and because of t heir saying "We killed Al-Masih ` Isa, son of Maryam, t he Messenger of Allah, but t hey killed him not , nor crucified him, but it appeared t hat way t o t hem) unt il,

ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ウ ∠ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ∠ らあ セ ⊥ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥らヤ∠タ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ マ ｙセ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ モ∠よ - ゅ⇔レΒ͡ボΑ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ リ あヌ ｚ ャや ネ ∠ ゅ∠らゎあ や Ι ｚ ま͡ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ や⇔ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ∠ラゅ∠ミ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヮ⊥ バ∠ プ∠ ケｚ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ｚ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ (For surely; t hey killed him not But Allah raised him up unt o Himself. And Allah is Ever AllPowerful, All-Wise. And t here is none of t he people of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) but must believe in him before his deat h. And on t he Day of Resurrect ion, he ` Isa will be a wit ness against t hem.) 4:156-159 ` His deat h' refers t o ` Isa, and t he Ayah means t hat t he People of t he Book will believe in ` Isa, before ` Isa dies. This will occur when ` Isa comes back t o t his world before t he Day of Resurrect ion, as we will explain. By t hat t ime, all t he People of t he Book will believe in ` Isa, for he will annul t he Jizyah and he will only accept Islam from people. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Al-Hasan said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びマ ∠ Βあプヲ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ヶあルま͡ぴ (I will t ake you) is in reference t o sleep, for Allah raised ` Isa while he was asleep.

Altering the Religion of ` Isa Allah said,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ヰあ ト ∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And purify save you from t hose who disbelieve) by raising you t o heaven,

ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ハ ͡ ゅ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ びる͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ (And I will make t hose who follow you superior t o t hose who disbelieve, t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion) This is what happened. When Allah raised ` Isa t o heaven, his followers divided int o sect s and groups. Some of t hem believed in what Allah sent ` Isa as, a servant of Allah, His Messenger, and t he son of His female-servant . However, some of t hem went t o t he ext reme over ` Isa, believing t hat he was t he son of Allah. Some of t hem said t hat ` Isa was Allah Himself, while ot hers said t hat he was one of a Trinit y. Allah ment ioned t hese false creeds in t he Qur'an and refut ed t hem. The Christ ians remained like t his unt il t he t hird cent ury CE, when a Greek king called, Const ant ine, became a Christ ian for t he purpose of dest roying Christ ianit y. Const ant ine was eit her a philosopher, or he was j ust plain ignorant . Const ant ine changed t he religion of ` Isa by adding t o it and delet ing from it . He est ablished t he rit uals of Christ ianit y and t he so-called Great Trust , which is in fact t he Great Treachery. He also allowed t hem t o eat t he meat of swine, changed t he direct ion of t he prayer t hat ` Isa est ablished t o t he east , built churches for ` Isa, and added t en days t o t he fast as compensat ion for a sin t hat he commit t ed, as claimed. So t he religion of ` Isa became t he religion of Const ant ine, who built more t hen t welve t housand churches, t emples and monast eries for t he Christ ians as well as t he cit y t hat bears his name, Const ant inople (Ist anbul). Throughout t his t ime, t he Christ ians had t he upper hand and dominat ed t he Jews. Allah aided t hem against t he Jews because t hey used t o be closer t o t he t rut h t han t he Jews, even t hough bot h groups were and st ill are disbelievers, may Allah's curse descend on t hem. When Allah sent Muhammad , t hose who believed in him also believed in Allah, His Angels, Books and Messengers in t he correct manner. So t hey were t he t rue followers of every Prophet who came t o eart h. They believed in t he unlet t ered Prophet , t he Final Messenger and t he mast er of all mankind, who called t hem t o believe in t he t rut h in it s ent iret y. This is why t hey had more right t o every Prophet t han his own nat ion, especially t hose who claim t o follow t heir Prophet 's way and religion, yet change and alt er his religion. Furt hermore, Allah abrogat ed all t he laws t hat were sent down t o t he Prophet s wit h t he Law He sent Muhammad wit h, which

consist s of t he t rue religion t hat shall never change or be alt ered unt il t he commencement of t he Last Hour. Muhammad's religion shall always be dominant and vict orious over all ot her religions. This is why Allah allowed Muslims t o conquer t he east ern and west ern part s of t he world and t he kingdoms of t he eart h. Furt hermore, all count ries submit t ed t o t hem; t hey demolished Kisra (king of Persia) and dest royed t he Czar, ridding t hem of t heir t reasures and spending t hese t reasures for Allah's sake. All t his occurred j ust as t heir Prophet t old t hem it would, when he conveyed Allah's st at ement ,

れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ブ ∠ ヤ∠∇ガわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨミ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケ∇Ιや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ヘ∠ ヤ͡∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ツゎ∠ ∇ケや ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ｚ レ∠ ム∂ ヨ∠ Β⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ Ι ∠ ヴ͡レル∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ⇔レ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ プ͡ ∇ヲカ ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ∂ョ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚャ∠ギ∂ ら∠ Β⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヴ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ (Allah has promised t hose among you who believe and do right eous good deeds, t hat He will cert ainly grant t hem succession in t he land, as He grant ed it t o t hose before t hem, and t hat He will grant t hem t he aut horit y t o pract ice t heir religion which He has chosen for t hem. And He will surely give t hem in exchange a safe securit y aft er t heir fear (provided) t hey worship Me and do not associat e anyt hing wit h Me.) 24:55 . Therefore, Muslims are t he t rue believers in ` Isa. The Muslims t hen acquired Ash-Sham from t he Christ ians, causing t hem t o evacuat e t o Asia Minor, t o t heir fort ified cit y in Const ant inople. The Muslims will be above t hem unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. Indeed, he, Muhammad , who is t rut hful and who received t he t rue news, has conveyed t o Muslims t hat t hey will conquer Const ant inople in t he fut ure, and seize it s t reasures.

Threatening the Disbelievers with Torment in This Life and the Hereafter Allah said,

ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ マ ∠ バ⊥ プ͡ や∠ケヱ∠ マ ∠ Βあプヲ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ヶあルま͡ ヴ∠ジΒ͡バΑ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ハ ͡ ゅ∠ィヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ヰあ ト ∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ ヶ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠

ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ や⇔ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ あグハ ∠ ほ⊥プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲダ ͡ ⇒ｚル リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ (And I will make t hose who follow you superior t o t hose who disbelieve t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion. Then you will ret urn t o Me and I will j udge bet ween you in t he mat t ers in which you used t o disput e. As t o t hose who disbelieve, I will punish t hem wit h a severe t orment in t his world and in t he Hereaft er, and t hey will have no helpers.) This is what Allah did t o t he Jews who disbelieved in ` Isa and t he Christ ians who went t o t he ext reme over him. Allah t orment ed t hem in t his life; t hey were killed, capt ured, and lost t heir wealt h and kingdoms. Their t orment in t he Hereaft er is even worse and more severe,

びベ ∃ や∠ヱ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey have no Waq (defender or prot ect or) against Allah) 13:34 .

∇ユヰ͡ Βあプヲ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ (And as for t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, Allah will pay t hem t heir reward in full) in t his life, wit h vict ory and dominat ion, and in t he Hereaft er, wit h Paradise and high grades,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah does not like t he wrongdoers.) Allah t hen said,

び ユ͡ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇ミグあ ャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΓや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (This is what We recit e t o you of t he verses and t he Wise Reminder.) meaning, "What We narrat ed t o you, O Muhammd, regarding ` Isa, his birt h and his life, is what Allah conveyed and revealed t o you, sent down from t he Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz (The Preserved Tablet ). So t here is no doubt in it . Similarly, Allah said in Surah Maryam;

ヮ͡ Β͡プ ン͡グャｚや ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ギ∃ ャ∠ヱ∠ リ͡ョ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ びラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ リ⊥ミ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴツ ∠ ホ∠ や∠クま͡ (Such is ` Isa, son of Maryam. (It is) a st at ement of t rut h, about which t hey doubt (or disput e). It befit s not Allah t hat He should beget a son. Glorified be He. When He decrees a t hing, He only says t o it : "Be!'' and it is.)

リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ や∠￢ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ モ ∠ ん∠ ョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ Κ ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや - ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ リ⊥ミ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ｚユを⊥ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ マ ∠ィ ｚ べ∠ェ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲわ∠ ∇ヨヨ⊥ ∇ャや リあョ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ネ ⊥ ∇ギル∠ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅバ∠ ゎ∠ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇モヰ͡ わ∠ ∇らル∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ ゅ∠レジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ジル͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ジル͡ ヱ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡よグ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ⊥ レ∠ ∇バｚャ モ∠バ∇イレ∠ プ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ゾ ⊥ ダ ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや びリ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ (59. Verily, t he likeness of ` Isa before Allah is t he likeness of Adam. He creat ed him from dust , t hen said t o him: "Be!'' and he was.) (60. (This is) t he t rut h from your Lord, so be not of t hose who doubt .) (61. Then whoever disput es wit h you concerning him aft er t he knowledge t hat has come t o you, say: "Come, let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves, t hen we pray and we invoke Allah's curse upon t he liars.'') (62. Verily, t his is t he t rue narrat ive, and t here is no god except Allah. And indeed, Allah is t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.) (63. And if t hey t urn away, t hen surely, Allah is All-Aware of t hose who do mischief.)

The Similarities Between the Creation of Adam and the Creation of ` Isa

Allah said,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ モ ∠ ん∠ ョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he likeness of ` Isa before Allah) regarding Allah's abilit y, since He creat ed him wit hout a fat her,

びュ∠ キ∠ や∠￢ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (is t he likeness of Adam), for Allah creat ed Adam wit hout a fat her or a mot her. Rat her,

びラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ リ⊥ミ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ｚユを⊥ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲゎ⊥ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ぴ (He creat ed him from dust , t hen (He) said t o him: "Be!'' and he was.) Therefore, He Who creat ed Adam wit hout a fat her or a mot her is able t o creat e ` Isa, as well, wit hout a fat her. If t he claim is made t hat ` Isa is Allah's son because he was creat ed wit hout a fat her, t hen t he same claim befit s Adam even more. However, since such a claim regarding Adam is obviously false, t hen making t he same claim about ` Isa is even more false. Furt hermore, by ment ioning t hese fact s, Allah emphasizes His abilit y, by creat ing Adam wit hout a male or female, Hawa' from a male wit hout a female, and ` Isa from a mot her wit hout a fat her, compared t o His creat ing t he rest of creat ion from male and female. This is why Allah said in Surah Maryam,

びサ ͡ ゅｚレ∇ヤャあ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇イレ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And We made him a sign for mankind) 19: 21 . Allah said in t his Ayah,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲわ∠ ∇ヨヨ⊥ ∇ャや リあョ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ ((This is) t he t rut h from your Lord, so be not of t hose who doubt .) meaning, t his is t he only t rue st ory about ` Isa, and what is beyond t rut h save falsehood Allah next commands His Messenger t o call t hose who defy t he t rut h, regarding ` Isa, t o t he Mubahalah (t he curse).

The Challenge to the Mubahalah

∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ マ ∠ィ ｚ べ∠ェ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ジル͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ジル͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ネ ⊥ ∇ギル∠ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ び∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ ゅ∠レジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ (Then whoever disput es wit h you concerning him aft er t he knowledge t hat has come t o you, say: "Come, let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves'') for t he Mubahalah,

び∇モヰ͡ わ∠ ∇らル∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen we pray), supplicat e,

びリ ∠ Β͡よグ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ⊥ レ∠ ∇バャｚ モ∠バ∇イレ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and we invoke Allah's curse upon t he liars) among t he t wo of us. The reason for t he call t o Mubahalah and t he revelat ion of t he Ayat from t he beginning of t his Surah unt il here, is t hat a delegat ion from t he Christ ians of Naj ran (in Yemen) came t o AlMadinah t o argue about ` Isa, claiming t hat he was divine and t he son of Allah. Allah sent down t he beginning of t his Surah unt il here, t o refut e t heir claims, as Imam Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar and ot her scholars st at ed. Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar said in his famous Sirah, "The delegat ion of Christ ians from Naj ran came t o t he Messenger of Allah . The delegat ion consist ed of sixt y horsemen, including fourt een of t heir chiefs who make decisions. These men were Al-` Aqib, also known as ` AbdulMasih, As-Sayyid, also known as Al-Ayham, Abu Harit hah bin ` Alqamah, of t he family of Bakr bin Wa` il and Uways bin Al-Harit h. They also included, Zayd, Qays, Yazid, Nabih, Khuwaylid, ` Amr, Khalid, ` Abdullah and Yuhannas. Three of t hese men were chiefs of t his delegat ion, Al` Aqib, t heir leader and t o whom t hey referred for advice and decision; As-Sayyid, t heir scholar and leader in j ourneys and social gat herings; and Abu Harit hah bin ` Alqamah, t heir pat riarch, priest and religious leader. Abu Harit hah was an Arab man from t he family of Bakr bin Wa` il, but when he embraced Christ ianit y, t he Romans and t heir kings honored him and built churches for him (or in his honor). They also support ed him financially and gave him servant s, because t hey knew how firm his fait h in t heir religion was.'' Abu Harit hah knew t he descript ion of t he Messenger of Allah from what he read in earlier divine Books. However, his ot herwise ignorance led him t o insist on remaining a Christ ian, because he was honored and had a high posit ion wit h t he Christ ians. Ibn Ishaq said, "Muhammad bin Ja` far bin Az-Zubayr said t hat , ` The (Naj ran) delegat ion came t o t he Messenger of Allah in Al-Madinah, ent ered his Masj id wearing robes and garment s, aft er t he Prophet had prayed t he ` Asr prayer. They accompanied a caravan of camels led by Bani Al-Harit h bin Ka` b. The Companions of t he Messenger of Allah who saw t hem said t hat t hey never saw a delegat ion like t hem aft er t hat ... Then Abu Harit hah bin ` Alqamah and Al-` Aqib ` Abdul-Masih or As-Sayyid Al-Ayham spoke t o t he Messenger of Allah , and t hey were Christ ians like t he king (Roman King). However, t hey disagreed about ` Isa; some

of t hem said, ` He is Allah,' while some said, ` He is t he son of Allah,' and some ot hers said, ` He is one of a t rinit y.' Allah is far from what t hey at t ribut e t o Him.'' Indeed, t hese are t he creeds of t he Christ ians. They claim t hat ` Isa is God, since he brought t he dead back t o life, healed blindness, leprosy and various illnesses, t old about mat t ers of t he fut ure, creat ed t he shape of birds and blew life int o t hem, bringing t hem t o life. However, all t hese miracles occurred by Allah's leave, so t hat ` Isa would be a sign from Allah for people. They also claim t hat ` Isa is t he son of Allah, since he did not have a fat her and he spoke when he was in t he cradle, a miracle which had not occurred by any among t he Children of Adam before him, so t hey claim. They also claim t hat ` Isa is one of a t rinit y, because Allah would say, ` We did, command, creat e and demand.' They said, ` If Allah were one, he would have said, ` I did, command, creat e and decide.' This is why t hey claim t hat ` Isa and Allah are one (Trinit y). Allah is far from what t hey at t ribut e t o Him, and we should ment ion t hat t he Qur'an refut ed all t hese false Christ ian claims. Ibn Ishaq cont inued, "When t hese Ayat came t o t he Messenger from Allah , t hus j udging bet ween him and t he People of t he Book, Allah also commanded t he Prophet t o call t hem t o t he Mubahalah if t hey st ill refused t he t rut h. The Prophet called t hem t o t he Mubahalah. They said, ` O Abu Al-Qasim! Let us t hink about t his mat t er and get back t o you wit h our decision t o what we want t o do.' They left t he Prophet and conferred wit h Al-` Aqib, t o whom t hey referred t o for advice. They said t o him, ` O ` Abdul-Masih! What is your advice' He said, ` By Allah, O Christ ian fellows! You know t hat Muhammad is a Messenger and t hat he brought you t he final word regarding your fellow (` Isa). You also know t hat no Prophet conduct ed Mubahalah wit h any people, and t he old persons among t hem remained safe and t he young people grew up. Indeed, it will be t he end of you if you do it . If you have already decided t hat you will remain in your religion and your creed regarding your fellow (` Isa), t hen conduct a t reat y wit h t he man (Muhammad) and go back t o your land.' They came t o t he Prophet and said, ` O Abu Al-Qasim! We decided t hat we cannot do Mubahalah wit h you and t hat you remain on your religion, while we remain on our religion. However, send wit h us a man from your Companions whom you are pleased wit h t o j udge bet ween us regarding our monet ary disput es, for you are accept able t o us in t his regard.''' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Hudhayfah said, "Al-` Aqib and As-Sayyid, t wo leaders from Naj ran, came t o t he Messenger of Allah seeking t o invoke Allah for curses (against whoever is unj ust among t hem), and one of t hem said t o t he ot her, ` Let us not do t hat . By Allah, if he were t ruly a Prophet and we invoke Allah for curses, we and our offspring shall never succeed aft erwards.' So t hey said, ` We will give you what you asked and send a t rust ed man wit h us, j ust a t rust ed man.' The Messenger of Allah said;

«リΒ͡ョぺ∠ ペ ｚェ ∠ ゅ⇔レΒ͡ョぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ リ ｚ ん∠ バ∠ ∇よほ∠ャ∠» :

«ゥやｚゲイ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇よ り∠ ギ∠ ∇Βら∠ ハ ⊥ ゅ∠よ∠ぺ ゅ∠Α ∇ユホ⊥ » :

«るｚョほ⊥∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ リ ⊥ Β͡ョぺ∠ や∠グワ∠ » ("Verily, I will send a t rust ed man wit h you, a t ruly t rust wort hy man.'' The Companions of t he Messenger of Allah all felt eager t o be t hat man. The Messenger said, "O Abu ` Ubaydah bin AlJarrah! St and up.'' When Abu ` Ubaydah st ood up, t he Messenger of Allah said, "This is t he t rust ee of t his Ummah.''') Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Anas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said on anot her occasion,

リ ⊥ ∇よ り∠ ギ∠ ∇Βら∠ ハ ⊥ ヲ⊥よぺ∠ る͡ ョｚ ほ⊥∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ リ ⊥ Β͡ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∀リΒ͡ョぺ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモム⊥ ャ͡» «ゥやｚゲイ ∠ ∇ャや (Every Ummah has a t rust ee, and t he t rust ee of t his Ummah is Abu ` Ubaydah bin Al-Jarrah.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Abu Jahl, may Allah curse him, said, ` If I see Muhammad praying next t o t he Ka` bah, I will st ep on his neck.' The Prophet lat er said,

キヲヰΒャや ラぺ ヲャヱ ∩ゅ⇔ルゅ∠Βハ ͡ る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ∇ヲャ∠» ∩ケゅレャや リョ ユワギハゅボョ やヱぺケヱ ∩やヲゎゅヨャ れヲヨャや やヲレヨゎ ぶや ヴヤダヰヤャや メヲシケ ラヲヤワゅらΑ リΑグャや ァゲカ ヲャヱ «ゅ⇔ヤワぺ Ιヱ ゅ⇔ャゅョ ラヱギイΑ Ι やヲバィゲャ ユ∂ヤシヱ ヮΒヤハ (Had he t ried t o do it , t he angels would have t aken him publicly. Had t he Jews wished for deat h, t hey would have perished and would have seen t heir seat s in t he Fire. Had t hose who sought Mubahalah wit h t he Messenger of Allah, went ahead wit h it , t hey would not have found est at es or families when t hey ret urned home).'' Al-Bukhari, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i also recorded t his Hadit h, which At -Tirmidhi graded Hasan Sahih. Allah t hen said,

びペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ゾ ⊥ ダ ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t his is t he t rue narrat ive) meaning, what we narrat ed t o you, O Muhammad, about ` Isa is t he plain t rut h t hat cannot be avoided,

ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ∃ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みヘ∠ ヨ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや (and none has t he right t o be worshipped but Allah. And indeed, Allah is t he All-Might y, t he AllWise. And if t hey t urn away,) by abandoning t his t rut h,

びリ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (t hen surely, Allah is All-Aware of t hose who do mischief.) for t hose who abandon t he t rut h for falsehood commit mischief, and Allah has full knowledge of t hem and will subj ect t hem t o t he worst punishment . Verily, Allah is able t o cont rol everyt hing, all praise and t hanks are due t o Him, and we seek refuge wit h Him from His revenge.

ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ￢∃ へ∠ヲシ ∠ る∃ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ゅ⇔よゅ∠よ∇ケぺ∠ ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅｚルほ∠よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇セや ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボプ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ (64. Say: "O people of t he Script ure: Come t o a word t hat is j ust bet ween us and you, t hat we worship none but Allah t he same, and t hat we associat e no part ners wit h Him, and t hat none of us shall t ake ot hers as lords besides Allah.'' Then, if t hey t urn away, say: "Bear wit ness t hat we are Muslims.'')

Every Person Knows about Tawhid This Ayah includes t he People of t he Book, t he Jews and Christ ians, and t hose who follow t heir ways.

びる∃ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "O people of t he Script ure! Come t o a word'') ` Word' - in Arabic - also means a complet e sent ence, as evident from t his Ayah. Allah described t his word as being one,

び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ￢∃ へ∠ヲシ ∠ぴ (t hat is t he same bet ween us and you), an honest and right eous word t hat is fair t o bot h part ies. Allah t hen explained t his word,

びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ぴ (t hat we worship none but Allah (Alone), and t hat we associat e no part ners wit h Him,) we worship neit her a st at ue, cross, idol, Taghut (false gods), fire or anyt hing else. Rat her, we worship Allah Alone wit hout part ners, and t his is t he message of all of Allah's Messengers. Allah said,

ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥ル Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ (And We did not send any Messenger before you but We revealed t o him (saying): "None has t he right t o be worshipped but I (Allah) , so worship Me (Alone and none else).'') 21:25 and,

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∠れヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚト∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ (And verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming): "Worship Allah (Alone), and avoid (or keep away from) Taghut (all false deit ies).'') 16:36 . Allah said next ,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ゅ⇔よゅ∠よ∇ケぺ∠ ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ("and t hat none of us shall t ake ot hers as lords besides Allah.'') Ibn Jurayj comment ed, "We do not obey each ot her in disobedience t o Allah.''

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅｚルほ∠よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇セや ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボプ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (Then, if t hey t urn away, say: "Bear wit ness t hat we are Muslims.'') if t hey abandon t his fair call, t hen let t hem know t hat you will remain in Islam as Allah has legislat ed for you. We should ment ion t hat t he let t er t hat t he Prophet sent t o Heraclius reads, "In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful. From Muhammad, t he Messenger of Allah, t o Heraclius, Leader of t he Romans: peace be upon t hose who follow t he t rue guidance. Embrace

Islam and you will acquire safet y, embrace Islam and Allah will grant you a double reward. However, if you t urn away from it , t hen you will carry t he burden of t he peasant s, and,

∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ￢∃ へ∠ヲシ ∠ る∃ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠Αぴ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ゅ⇔よゅ∠よ∇ケぺ∠ ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅｚルほ∠よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇セや ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボプ∠ ("O people of t he Script ure: Come t o a word t hat is t he same bet ween us and you, t hat we worship none but Allah (Alone), and t hat we associat e no part ners wit h Him, and t hat none of us shall t ake ot hers as lords besides Allah.'' Then, if t hey t urn away, say: "Bear wit ness t hat we are Muslims.'')'' Muhammad bin Ishaq and ot her scholars said t hat t he beginning of Surah Al ` Imran, and more t han eight y verses t hereaft er; were revealed about t he delegat ion of Naj ran. Az-Zuhri st at ed t hat t he people of Naj ran were t he first people t o pay t he Jizyah (t ax money paid t o t he Muslim St at e). However, t here is no disagreement t hat t he Ayah t hat ordained t he Jizyah 9:29 was revealed aft er t he Fat h (conquering Makkah, and t herefore, aft er t he delegat ion of Naj ran came t o Al-Madinah). So, how can t his Ayah 3:64 be cont ained in t he Prophet 's let t er t o Heraclius before t he vict ory of Makkah, and how can we harmonize bet ween t he st at ement s of Muhammad bin Ishaq and Az-Zuhri The answer is t hat t he delegat ion of Naj ran came before Al-Hudaybiyyah (before t he vict ory of Makkah), and what t hey paid was in lieu of t he Mubahalah; not as Jizyah. The Ayah about t he Jizyah was lat er revealed, and it s ruling support ed what occurred wit h t he Naj ran people. In support of t his opinion, we should ment ion t hat in anot her inst ance, t he ruling on dividing t he boot y int o one - fift h (for t he Prophet ) and four-fift hs (for t he fight ers) agreed wit h t he pract ice of ` Abdullah bin Jahsh during t he raid t hat he led before Badr. An Ayah lat er on upheld t he way ` Abdullah divided t he boot y. Therefore, it is possible t hat t he Prophet wrot e t his st at ement (Say, "O People of t he Script ure. ..'') in his let t er t o Heraclius before t he Ayah was revealed. Lat er on, t he Qur'an agreed wit h t he Prophet 's st at ement , word by word. It is also a fact t hat t he Qur'an was revealed in agreement wit h what ` Umar said regarding t he capt ured disbelievers at Badr, t he Hij ab (Muslim woman code of dress), refraining from performing prayer for t he hypocrit es, and regarding his st at ement s:

びヴ６ヤダ ∠ ョ⊥ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ュ͡ ゅ∠ボョｚ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And t ake you t he Maqam (place) of Ibrahim as a place of prayer.) 2:125 , and,

や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ゅ⇔ィ∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ギ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ リ ｚ ム⊥ ∠ボヤｚ∠デ ラ͡ま ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ぴ びｚリム⊥ レあョ

(It may be if he divorced you (all) t hat his Lord will give him inst ead of you, wives bet t er t han you.) 66:5 .

ろ ͡ ャ∠ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴプ͡ ラ ∠ ヲぁィべ∠エゎ⊥ ユ∠ ャ͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠Αぴ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ モ ⊥ Β͡イ∇ル∇Ηや∠ヱ り⊥ や∠ケヲｚわャや ユ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ∀ユヤ͡ハ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇イイ ∠ ⇒∠ェ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ほワ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∀ユ∇ヤ͡ハ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲぁィべ∠エゎ⊥ ゅ６Βル͡ や∠ゲ∇ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ６Α͡キヲ⊥ヰ∠Α ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ͡ヤ∇ジョぁ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ͡ムャ∠ヱ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よみ͡よ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ ラ ｚ ま͡ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ ぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや (65. O people of t he Script ure! Why do you disput e about Ibrahim, while t he Tawrah and t he Inj il were not revealed t ill aft er him Have you t hen no sense) (66. Verily, you are t hose who have disput ed about t hat of which you have knowledge. Why do you t hen disput e concerning t hat of which you have no knowledge It is Allah Who knows, and you know not .) (67. Ibrahim was neit her a Jew nor a Christ ian, but he was a t rue Muslim Hanifa and he was not of t he Mushrikin ) (68. Verily, among mankind who have t he best claim t o Ibrahim are t hose who followed him, and t his Prophet and t hose who have believed. And Allah is t he Wali (Prot ect or and Helper) of t he believers.)

Disputing with the Jews and Christians About the Religion of Ibrahim Allah censures t he Jews and Christ ians for t heir disput e wit h Muslims over Ibrahim Al-Khalil and t he claim each group made t hat he was one of t hem. Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Christ ians of Naj ran and Jewish rabbis gat hered before t he Messenger of Allah and disput ed in front of him. The rabbis said, ` Ibrahim was cert ainly Jewish.' The Christ ians said, ` Cert ainly, Ibrahim was Christ ian.' So Allah sent down,

びユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲぁィべ∠エゎ⊥ ユ∠ ャ͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠Αぴ (O people of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians)! Why do you disput e about Ibrahim,) meaning, ` How is it t hat you, Jews, claim t hat Ibrahim was Jew, alt hough he lived before Allah sent down t he Tawrah t o Musa How is it t hat you, Christ ians, claim t hat Ibrahim was Christ ian, alt hough Christ ianit y came aft er his t ime'' This is why Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Have you t hen no sense) Allah t hen said,

ユ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ∀ユヤ͡ハ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇イイ ∠ ⇒∠ェ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ほワぴ び∀ユ∇ヤ͡ハ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲぁィべ∠エゎ⊥ c(Verily, you are t hose who have disput ed about t hat of which you have knowledge. Why do you t hen disput e concerning t hat of which you have no knowledge) This Ayah crit icizes t hose who argue and disput e wit hout knowledge, j ust as t he Jews and Christ ians did concerning Ibrahim. Had t hey disput ed about t heir religions, which t hey had knowledge of, and about t he Law t hat was legislat ed for t hem unt il Muhammad was sent , it would have been bet t er for t hem. Rat her, t hey disput ed about what t hey had no knowledge of, so Allah crit icized t hem for t his behavior. Allah commanded t hem t o refer what t hey have no knowledge of t o He Who knows t he seen and unseen mat t ers and Who knows t he t rue realit y of all t hings. This is why Allah said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (It is Allah Who knows, and you know not .) Allah said,

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ͡ムャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ６Βル͡ や∠ゲ∇ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ６Α͡キヲ⊥ヰ∠Α ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ラ ∠ ゅミ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ びゅ⇔ヨ͡ヤ∇ジョぁ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ (Ibrahim was neit her a Jew nor a Christ ian, but he was a t rue Muslim Hanifa), shunning Shirk and living in Iman,

びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and he was not of t he Mushrikin.) This Ayah is similar t o t he Ayah in Surat Al-Baqarah,

び∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔キヲ⊥ワ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey say, "Be Jews or Christ ians, t hen you will be guided...'') 2:135 . Allah said next ,

や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ∠ ユ∠ Βワ͡ ゲ∠ ∇よみ͡よ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ ぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや (Verily, among mankind who have t he best claim t o Ibrahim are t hose who followed him, and t his Prophet and t hose who have believed. And Allah is t he Wali (Prot ect or and Helper) of t he believers.) This Ayah means, "The people who have t he most right t o be followers of Ibrahim are t hose who followed his religion and t his Prophet , Muhammad , and his Companions from t he Muhaj irin, Ansar and t hose who followed t heir lead.'' Sa` id bin Mansur recorded t hat Ibn Mas` ud said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヶあΒ͡ャ∠ヱ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠リΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ り⇔ ゅ∠ャヱ⊥ ヶ ∠ ら͡ ル∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡» «モ∠ィヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ヶあよケ∠ モ ⊥ Β͡ヤカ ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡よぺ∠ (Every Prophet had a Wali (support er, best friend) from among t he Prophet s. My Wali among t hem is my fat her Ibrahim, t he Khalil (int imat e friend) of my Lord, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored) The Prophet t hen recit ed,

びロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よみ͡よ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, among mankind who have t he best claim t o Ibrahim are t hose who followed him...) Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ ぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is t he Wali (Prot ect or and Helper) of t he believers.) means, Allah is t he Prot ect or of all t hose who believe in His Messengers.

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∠ルヲぁヤ͡ツΑ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べｚデ れｚキヱ∠ ぴ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠Α - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲぁヤツ ͡ Α⊥ モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠Α - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αほ∠よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジら͡ ∇ヤゎ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べｚデ ろ∠ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ヮ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ヵ͡グャｚゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や￢∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡ や∠￢ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ミや∠ヱ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ン∠ギワ⊥ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ノ∠ ら͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲぁィべ∠エΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョあ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ モ ∠ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヱ⊥ク ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ゾ ぁ わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ノ∀ シ ͡ ヱ∠ び ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや (69. A part y of t he People of t he Script ure wish t o lead you ast ray. But t hey shall not lead ast ray anyone except t hemselves, and t hey perceive not .) (70. "O People of t he Script ure! Why do you disbelieve in t he Ayat of Allah, while you bear wit ness.'') (71. "O People of t he Script ure! Why do you mix t rut h wit h falsehood and conceal t he t rut h while you know'') (72. And a part y of t he People of t he Script ure say: "Believe in t he morning in t hat which is revealed t o t he believers, and rej ect it at t he end of t he day, so t hat t hey may t urn back.) (73. And believe no one except t he one who follows your religion.'' Say (O Prophet ): "Verily, right guidance is t he guidance of Allah.'' (And t hey say:) "Do not believe t hat anyone can receive like t hat which you have received, ot herwise t hey would engage you in argument before your Lord.'' Say: "All t he bount y is in t he Hand of Allah; He grant s t o whom He wills. And Allah is AllSufficient for His creat ures' needs, All-Knower.'') (74. He select s for His Mercy whom He wills and Allah is t he Owner of great bount y.)

The Envy the Jews Feel Towards Muslims; Their Wicked Plots Against Muslims

Allah st at es t hat t he Jews envy t he fait hful and wish t hey could misguide t hem. Allah st at es t hat t he punishment of t his behavior will fall back upon t hem, while t hey are unaware. Allah crit icizes t hem,

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αほ∠よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠Αぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ (O People of t he Script ure!: Why do you disbelieve in t he Ayat of Allah, while you bear wit ness.) You know for cert ain t hat Allah's Ayat are t rue and aut hent ic,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジら͡ ∇ヤゎ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ょ ͡ ⇒わ∠ ム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠Αぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや (O People of t he Script ure: Why do you mix t rut h wit h falsehood and conceal t he t rut h while you know) by hiding what is in your Books about t he descript ion of Muhammad , while you know what you do.

ヵ͡グャｚゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べｚデ ろ∠ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ミや∠ヱ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ヮ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ びロ⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡ や∠￢ (And a part y of t he People of t he Script ure say: "Believe in t he morning in t hat which is revealed t o t he believers, and rej ect it at t he end of t he day,) This is a wicked plan from t he People of t he Book t o deceive Muslims who are weak in t he religion. They decided t hat t hey would pret end t o be believers in t he beginning of t he day, by at t ending t he dawn prayer wit h t he Muslims. However, when t he day ended, t hey would revert t o t heir old religion so t hat t he ignorant people would say, "They revert ed t o t heir old religion because t hey uncovered some short comings in t he Islamic religion.'' This is why t hey said next .

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (so t hat t hey may t urn back.) Ibn Abi Naj ih said t hat Muj ahid comment ed about t his Ayah, which refers t o t he Jews, "They at t ended t he dawn prayer wit h t he Prophet and disbelieved in

t he end of t he day in order t o misguide t he people. This way, people would t hink t hat t hey have uncovered short comings in t he religion t hat t hey briefly followed.''

び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ノ∠ ら͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ("And believe no one except t he one who follows your religion.'') They said, do not t rust anyone wit h your secret knowledge, except t hose who follow your religion. Therefore, t hey say, do not expose your knowledge t o Muslims in order t o prevent t hem from believing in it and, t hus, use it as proof against you. Allah replied,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ン∠ギワ⊥ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: (O Prophet ) "Verily, right guidance is t he guidance of Allah.'') Allah guides t he heart s of t he fait hful t o t he perfect fait h t hrough t he clear Ayat , plain proofs and unequivocal evidence t hat He has sent down t o His servant and Messenger Muhammad . This occurs, O you Jews, even t hough you hide t he descript ion of Muhammad . t he unlet t ered Prophet whom you find in your Books t hat you received from t he earlier Prophet s. Allah's st at ement ;

ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲぁィべ∠エΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョあ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺぴ び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ((And t hey say: ) "Do not believe t hat anyone can receive like t hat which you have received, ot herwise t hey would engage you in argument before your Lord.'') They say, "Do not disclose t he knowledge t hat you have t o t he Muslims, t o prevent t hem from learning it and t hus becoming your equals. They will be even bet t er because t hey will believe in it or will use it against you as evidence wit h your Lord, and t hus est ablish Allah's proof against you in t his life and t he Hereaft er.'' Allah said,

び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ モ ∠ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "All t he bount y is in t he Hand of Allah; He grant s t o whom He wills.) meaning, all affairs are under His cont rol, and He gives and t akes. Verily, Allah gives fait h, knowledge and sound comprehension t o whomever He wills. He also misguides whomever He wills by blinding his sight , mind, sealing his heart , hearing and st amping his eyes closed. Allah has t he perfect wisdom and t he unequivocal proofs.

ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ゾ ぁ わ∠ ∇ガΒ∠ ヨ∀ Β͡ヤハ ∠ ノ∀ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ び ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや ヱ⊥ク (And Allah is All-Sufficient for His creat ures' needs, All-Knower.'' He select s for His mercy whom He wills and Allah is t he Owner of great bount y.) meaning, He has endowed you, O believers, wit h t remendous virt ue, in t hat He honored your Prophet Muhammad over all ot her prophet s, and by direct ing you t o t he best Shari` ah t here is.

ロ͡ キあ ぽ∠ Α⊥ ケ∃ ゅ∠ト∇レボ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ∠ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ͡ま ∇リョ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ロ͡ キあ ぽ∠ Α⊥ Ι ｚ ケ∃ ゅ∠レΑ͡ギよ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ∠ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ͡ま ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ⇔ヨも͡ べ∠ホ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ョキ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∀モΒ͡らシ ∠ リ ∠ ΒあΒョあ Ε ⊥ や ヴ͡プ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ヴ∠ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠プ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α びリ ∠ Β͡ボｚわヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ (75. Among t he People of t he Script ure is he who, if ent rust ed wit h a Qint ar (a great amount of wealt h), will readily pay it back; and among t hem t here is he who, if ent rust ed wit h a single silver coin, will not repay it unless you const ant ly st and demanding, because t hey say: "There is no blame on us t o bet ray and t ake t he propert ies of t he illit erat es (Arabs).'' But t hey t ell a lie against Allah while t hey know it .) (76. Yes, whoever fulfills his pledge and fears Allah much; verily, t hen Allah loves t he Mut t aqin (t he pious).)

How Trustworthy Are the Jews Allah st at es t hat t here are deceit ful people among t he Jews. He also warns t he fait hful against being deceived by t hem, because some of t hem,

びケ∃ ゅ∠ト∇レボ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ∠ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ͡ま ∇リョ∠ ぴ (if ent rust ed wit h a Qint ar (a great amount )) of money,

びマ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ロ͡ キあ ぽ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (will readily pay it back;) This Ayah indicat es t hat t his t ype would likewise give what is less t han a Qint ar, as is obvious. However,

ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ロ͡ キあ ぽ∠ Α⊥ Ι ｚ ケ∃ ゅ∠レΑ͡ギよ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ∠ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ͡ま ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ヨ͡もべ∠ホ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ョキ⊥ (and among t hem t here is he who, if ent rust ed wit h a single silver coin, will not repay it unless you const ant ly st and demanding,) and insist ing on acquiring your right ful propert y. If t his is what he would do wit h one Dinar, t hen what about what is more t han a Dinar We ment ioned t he meaning of Qint ar in t he beginning of t his Surah, while t he value of Dinar is well known. Allah's st at ement ,

び∀モΒ͡らシ ∠ リ ∠ ΒあΒョあ Ε ⊥ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (because t hey say: "There is no blame on us t o bet ray and t ake t he propert ies of t he illit erat es (Arabs).'') means, what made t hem rej ect t he t rut h (or what t hey owed) is t hat t hey said, "There is no harm in our religion if we eat up t he propert y of t he unlet t ered ones, t he Arabs, for Allah has allowed it for us.'' Allah replied,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (But t hey t ell a lie against Allah while t hey know it .) for t hey invent ed t his lie and word of misguidance. Rat her, Allah would not allow t his money for t hem unless t hey had a right t o it . ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Sa` sa` ah bin Yazid said t hat a man asked Ibn ` Abbas, "During bat t le, we capt ure some propert y belonging t o Ahl Adh-Dhimmah, such as chickens and sheep.'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "What do you do in t his case'' The man said, "We say t hat t here is no sin (if we confiscat e t hem) in t his case.'' He said, "That is what t he People of t he Book said,

び∀モΒ͡らシ ∠ リ ∠ ΒあΒョあ Ε ⊥ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ (There is no blame on us t o bet ray and t ake t he propert ies of t he illit erat es (Arabs).) Verily, if t hey pay t he Jizyah, t hen you are not allowed t heir propert y, except when t hey willingly give it up.'' Allah t hen said,

びヴ∠ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠プ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ぴ (Yes, whoever fulfills his pledge and fears Allah much,) fulfills his promise and fears Allah among you, O People of t he Book, regarding t he covenant Allah t ook from you t o believe in Muhammad when he is sent , j ust as He t ook t he same covenant from all Prophet s and t heir nat ions. Whoever avoids Allah's prohibit ions, obeys Him and adheres t o t he Shari` ah t hat He sent wit h His Final Messenger and t he mast er of all mankind.

びリ ∠ Β͡ボｚわヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (verily, t hen Allah loves t he Mut t aqin.)

Κ⇔Βヤ͡ホ∠ ゅ⇔レヨ∠ を∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤム∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠ヤカ ∠ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Βあミゴ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ (77. Verily, t hose who purchase a small gain at t he cost of Allah's covenant and t heir oat hs, t hey shall have no port ion in t he Hereaft er (Paradise). Neit her will Allah speak t o t hem nor look at t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion, nor will He purify t hem, and t hey shall have a painful t orment .)

There is No Share in the Hereafter for Those Who Break Allah's Covenant Allah st at es t hat whoever prefers t he small t hings of t his short , soon t o end life, inst ead of fulfilling what t hey have promised Allah by following Muhammad , announcing his descript ion from t heir books t o people and affirming his t rut h, t hen,

びり͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠ヤカ ∠ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (t hey shall have no port ion in t he Hereaft er.) They will not have a share or part in t he Hereaft er's rewards,

びる͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤム∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Neit her will Allah speak t o t hem nor look at t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion) wit h His mercy. This Ayah indicat es t hat Allah will not speak words of kindness nor look at t hem wit h any mercy,

び∇ユヰ͡ Βあミゴ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor will He purify t hem) from sins and impurit ies. Rat her, He will order t hem t o t he Fire,

び∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey shall have a painful t orment .) There are several Hadit hs on t he subj ect of t his Ayah, some of which follow. The First Hadit h Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Dharr said, "The Messenger of Allah said, c

ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ぶや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤム∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∀る∠をゅ∠ヤ∠を» «ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ Βあミゴ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや : :

:

∩͡ゆク͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや ブ ͡ ヤ͡エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ わ∠ バ∠ ∇ヤシ ͡ ペ ⊥ あヘレ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥モら͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや» «ラゅｚレヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (There are t hree persons whom Allah will not speak t o, look at on t he Day of Resurrect ion or purify, and t hey shall t ast e a painful t orment . I said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Who are t hey, may t hey gain failure and loss' He said, repeat ing t his st at ement t hrice, ` The Musbil (man whose clot hes reach below t he ankles), he who swears while lying so as t o sell his merchandize and t he one who gives charit y and reminds people of it ).')'' This was also recorded by Muslim, and t he collect ors of t he Sunan. Anot her Hadit h Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Adi bin ` Amirah Al-Kindi said, "Imru' Al-Qays bin ` Abis, a man from Kindah, disput ed wit h a man from Hadramut in front of t he Messenger of Allah concerning a piece of land. The Prophet required t he man from Hadramut t o present his evidence, but he did not have any. The Prophet required Imru' Al-Qays t o swear t o his t rut hfulness, but t he man

from Hadramut said, ` O Messenger of Allah! If you only require him t o swear, t hen by t he Lord of t he Ka` bah (Allah), my land is lost .' The Messenger of Allah said,

メ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ノ∠ ト ͡ わ∠ ∇ボΒ∠ ャ͡ る∃ よ∠ ク͡ ゅ∠ミ リ ∃ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ブ ∠ ヤ∠ェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ラゅ∠ら∇ツビ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ∠ やヶ ∠ ボ͡ ャ∠ ∩∃ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ (Whoever swears while lying t o acquire t he propert y of ot hers, will meet Allah while He is angry wit h him.)'' Raj a' one of t he narrat ors of t he Hadit h, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah t hen recit ed,

びΚ⇔Βヤ͡ホ∠ ゅ⇔レヨ∠ を∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who purchase a small gain at t he cost of Allah's covenant and t heir oat hs...) Imru' Al-Qays said, ` What if one forfeit s t his disput e, what will he gain, O Messenger of Allah' The Prophet answered, ` Paradise.' Imru' Al-Qays said, ` Bear wit ness t hat I forfeit all t he land for him.''' An-Nasa'i also recorded t his Hadit h. Anot her Hadit h Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ノ∠ ト ͡ わ∠ ∇ボΒ∠ ャ͡ ∩∀ゲィ ͡ ゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ リ ∃ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ブ ∠ ヤ∠ェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ∠ やヶ ∠ ボ͡ ャ∠ ∩∃ユヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ン͡ゲ∇ョや メ ∠ ゅ∠ョ «ラゅ∠ら∇ツビ ∠ (Whoever t akes a false oat h t o deprive a Muslim of his propert y will meet Allah while He is angry wit h him.) Al-Ash` at h said, "By Allah! This verse was revealed concerning me. I owned some land wit h a Jewish man who denied my right , and I complained against him t o t he Messenger of Allah. The Prophet asked me, ` Do you have evidence' I said, ` I don't have evidence.' He said t o t he Jew, ` Take an oat h t hen.' I said, ` O Allah's Messenger! He will t ake a (false) oat h immediat ely, and I will lose my propert y.' Allah revealed t he verse,

びΚ⇔Βヤ͡ホ∠ ゅ⇔レヨ∠ を∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who purchase a small gain at t he cost of Allah's covenant and t heir oat hs...)'' The Two Sahihs recorded t his Hadit h. Anot her Hadit h

Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤム∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∀る∠をゅ∠ヤ∠を» ノ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ :∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ Βあミゴ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴヤ∠ハ ブ ∠ ヤ∠ェ ∠ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ロギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ￢∃ ゅ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇ツプ∠ モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇よや ∩ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ョま͡ ノ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠よ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔よク͡ ゅ∠ミ ヶ͡レ∇バΑ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ダバ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ る∃ バ∠ ∇ヤシ ͡ «ヮ∠ャ ブ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヮ͡ ト ͡ ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ヴ∠プヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ (Three persons whom Allah shall not speak t o on t he Day of Resurrect ion, or look at , or purify t hem, and t hey shall t ast e a painful t orment . (They are) a man who does not give t he wayfarer some of t he wat er t hat he has; a man who swears, while lying, in order t o complet e a sales t ransact ion aft er t he ` Asr prayer; and a man who gives his pledge of allegiance t o an Imam (Muslim Ruler), and if t he Imam gives him (somet hing), he fulfills t he pledge, but if t he Imam does not give him, he does not fulfill t he pledge). Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi also recorded t his Hadit h, and At -Tirmidhi graded it Hasan Sahih.

ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰわ∠ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ヲ∇ヤΑ∠ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲヘ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エわ∠ ャ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ 78. And verily, among t hem is a part y who dist ort t he Book wit h t heir t ongues, so t hat you may t hink it is from t he Book, but it is not from t he Book, and t hey say: This is from Alla0h, but it is not from Alla0h and t hey speak a lie against Alla0h while t hey know it .

The Jews Alter Allah's Words Allah st at es t hat some Jews, may Allah's curses descend on t hem, dist ort Allah's Words wit h t heir t ongues, change t hem from t heir appropriat e places, and alt er t heir int ended meanings. They do t his t o deceive t he ignorant people by making it appear t hat t heir words are in t he Book of Allah. They at t ribut e t heir own lies t o Allah, even t hough t hey know t hat t hey have lied and invent ed falsehood. Therefore, Allah said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey speak a lie against Allah while t hey know it .) Muj ahid, Ash-Sha` bi, Al-Hasan, Qat adah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said t hat ,

びょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰわ∠ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ヲ∇ヤΑ∠ ぴ (who dist ort t he Book wit h t heir t ongues,) means, "They alt er t hem (Allah's Words).'' Al-Bukhari report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah means t hey alt er and add alt hough none among Allah's creat ion can remove t he Words of Allah from His Books, t hey alt er and dist ort t heir apparent meanings. Wahb bin Munabbih said, "The Tawrah and t he Inj il remain as Allah revealed t hem, and no let t er in t hem was removed. However, t he people misguide ot hers by addit ion and false int erpret at ion, relying on books t hat t hey wrot e t hemselves. Then,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (t hey say: "This is from Allah,'' but it is not from Allah;) As for Allah's Books, t hey are st ill preserved and cannot be changed.'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t his st at ement . However, if Wahb meant t he books t hat are current ly in t he hands of t he People of t he Book, t hen we should st at e t hat t here is no doubt t hat t hey alt ered, dist ort ed, added t o and delet ed from t hem. For inst ance, t he Arabic versions of t hese books cont ain t remendous error, many addit ions and delet ions and enormous misint erpret at ion. Those who rendered t hese t ranslat ions have incorrect comprehension in most , rat her, all of t hese t ranslat ions. If Wahb meant t he Books of Allah t hat He has wit h Him, t hen indeed, t hese Books are preserved and were never changed.

ユ∠ ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヮ⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ゲ∃ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ヴあャ や⇔キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∠りヲｚ ら⊥ レぁ ャや∠ヱ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤあ∠バゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ リ ∠ ΒあΒレ͡ ⇒ｚよケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ∠ぺ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヱ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ミゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔よゅ∠よ∇ケぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇ΒΒあ ら͡ レｚ ャや∠ヱ る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョぁ ユ⊥わル∠ぺ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠

(79. It is not (possible) for any human being t o whom Allah has given t he Book and Al-Hukm and prophet hood t o say t o t he people: "Be my worshippers rat her t han Allah's.'' On t he cont rary (he would say): "Be you Rabbaniyyun, because you are t eaching t he Book, and you are st udying it .'') (80. Nor would he order you t o t ake angels and Prophet s for lords. Would he order you t o disbelieve aft er you have submit t ed t o Allah's will)

No Prophet Ever Called People to Worship him or to Worship Other Than Allah This Ayah 3:79 means, it is not for a person whom Allah has given t he Book, knowledge in t he Law and prophet hood t o proclaim t o t he people, "Worship me inst ead of Allah,'' meaning, along wit h Allah. If t his is not t he right of a Prophet or a Messenger, t hen indeed, it is not t he right of anyone else t o issue such a claim. This crit icism refers t o t he ignorant rabbis, priest s and t eachers of misguidance, unlike t he Messengers and t heir sincere knowledgeable followers who implement t heir knowledge; for t hey only command what Allah commands t hem, as t heir honorable Messengers conveyed t o t hem. They also forbid what Allah forbade for t hem, by t he words of His honorable Messengers. The Messengers, may Allah's peace and blessings be on all of t hem, are t he emissaries bet ween Allah and His creat ion, conveying Allah's Message and Trust . The messengers indeed fulfilled t heir mission, gave sincere advice t o creat ion and conveyed t he t rut h t o t hem. Allah's st at ement ,

ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤあバ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ リ ∠ ΒあΒレ͡ ⇒ｚよケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヱ∠ (On t he cont rary (he would say), "Be you Rabbaniyyun, because you are t eaching t he Book, and you are st udying it .'') means, t he Messenger recommends t he people t o be Rabbaniyyun. Ibn ` Abbas, Abu Razin and several ot hers said t hat Rabbaniyyun means, "Wise, learned, and forbearing.'' Ad-Dahhak comment ed concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヱ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤあ∠バゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ぴ (because you are t eaching t he Book, and you are st udying it .) "Whoever learns t he Qur'an deserves t o become a Faqih (learned).''

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and you are st udying it ), preserving it s words. Allah t hen said,

びゅ⇔よゅ∠よ∇ケぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇ΒΒあ ら͡ レｚ ャや∠ヱ る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Nor would he order you t o t ake angels and Prophet s for lords.) The Prophet does not command worshipping ot her t han Allah, whet her a sent Messenger or an angel.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョぁ ユ⊥わル∠ぺ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ミゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Would he order you t o disbelieve aft er you have submit t ed t o Allah's will) meaning, he would not do t hat , for whoever calls t o worshipping ot her t han Allah, will have called t o Kufr. The Prophet s only call t o Iman which commands worshipping Allah Alone wit hout part ners. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥ル Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ (And We did not send any Messenger before you (O Muhammad ) but We revealed t o him (saying): "None has t he right t o be worshipped but I, so worship Me''.) 21:25 ,

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∠れヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚト∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ (And verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming): "Worship Allah (Alone), and avoid Taghut (all false deit ies).'') 16:36 , and,

ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠レ͡ヤシ ⊥ ケぁ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇モゃ∇シや∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら∠ ∇バΑ⊥ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ (And ask t hose of Our Messengers whom We sent before you: "Did We ever appoint gods t o be worshipped besides t he Most Gracious (Allah)'') 43:45 Allah said concerning t he angels,

ヮ͡ Α͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠プ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ヮ∀ ⇒∠ャま͡ ヴあルま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇モボ⊥ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ (And if any of t hem should say: "Verily, I am a god besides Him (Allah),'' such a one We should recompense wit h Hell. Thus We recompense t he wrongdoers.) 21:29 .

ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ リあョ ユ⊥ムわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ヨャ∠ リ ∠ ∇ΒΒあら͡ レｚ ャや ペ ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ∀ベギあ ダ ∠ ョぁ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ｚユを⊥ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ムェ ͡ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ケゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠￢∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ｚルゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠わャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ｚリレ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽわ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇セゅ∠プ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ル∇ケゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ン͡ゲ∇タま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヴｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒ｚゼャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ (81. And (remember) when Allah t ook t he covenant of t he Prophet s, saying: "Take what ever I gave you from t he Book and Hikmah, and aft erwards t here will come t o you a Messenger confirming what is wit h you; you must , t hen, believe in him and help him.'' Allah said: "Do you agree (t o it ) and will you t ake up Isri'' They said: "We agree.'' He said: "Then bear wit ness; and I am wit h you among t he wit nesses.'') (82. Then whoever t urns away aft er t his, t hey are t he rebellious.)

Taking a Pledge From the Prophets to Believe in Our Prophet, Muhammad Allah st at es t hat He t ook a pledge from every Prophet whom He sent from Adam unt il ` Isa, t hat when Allah gives t hem t he Book and t he Hikmah, t hus acquiring what ever high grades t hey deserve, t hen a Messenger came aft erwards, t hey would believe in and support him. Even t hough Allah has given t he Prophet s t he knowledge and t he prophet hood, t his fact should not make t hem refrain from following and support ing t he Prophet who comes aft er t hem. This is why Allah, t he Most High, Most Honored, said

ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ リあョ ユ⊥ムわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ヨャ∠ リ ∠ ∇ΒΒあら͡ レｚ ャや ペ ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びる∃ ヨ∠ ∇ムェ ͡ ヱ∠ (And (remember) when Allah t ook t he covenant of t he Prophet s, saying: "Take what ever I gave you from t he Book and Hikmah.'') meaning, if I give you t he Book and t he Hikmah,

ヮ͡ よ͡ ｚリレ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽわ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ∀ベギあ ダ ∠ ョぁ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ｚユを⊥ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ケゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠￢∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ｚルゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠わャ∠ヱ∠ びン͡ゲ∇タま͡ ("and aft erwards t here will come t o you a Messenger confirming what is wit h you; you must , t hen, believe in him and help him.'' Allah said, "Do you agree (t o it ) and will you t ake up Isri'') Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Ar-Rabi` , Qat adah and As-Suddi said t hat ` Isri' means, "My covenant .'' Muhammad bin Ishaq said t hat ,

びン͡ゲ∇タま͡ぴ (Isri) means, "The responsibilit y of My covenant t hat you t ook,'' meaning, t he rat ified pledge t hat you gave Me.

リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇セゅ∠プ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ル∇ケゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ びマ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヴｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎ ∇リヨ∠ ヘ∠ レ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒ｚゼャや (They said: "We agree.'' He said: "Then bear wit ness; and I am wit h you among t he wit nesses.'' t hen whoever t urns away aft er t his,'') from fulfilling t his pledge and covenant , c

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ (t hey are t he rebellious.) ` Ali bin Abi Talib and his cousin ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas said, "Allah never sent a Prophet but aft er t aking his pledge t hat if Muhammad were sent in his lifet ime, he would believe in and support him.'' Allah commanded each Prophet t o t ake a pledge from his nat ion t hat if Muhammad were sent in t heir t ime, t hey would believe in and support him. Tawus, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and Qat adah said, "Allah t ook t he pledge from t he Prophet s t hat t hey would believe in each ot her'', and t his st at ement does not cont radict what ` Ali and Ibn ` Abbas st at ed.

Therefore, Muhammad is t he Final Prophet unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. He is t he great est Imam, who if he exist ed in any t ime period, deserves t o be obeyed, rat her t han all ot her Prophet s. This is why Muhammad led t he Prophet s in prayer during t he night of Isra' when t hey gat hered in Bayt Al-Maqdis (Jerusalem). He is t he int ercessor on t he Day of Gat hering, when t he Lord comes t o j udge bet ween His servant s. This is Al-Maqam Al-Mahmud (t he praised st at ion) refer t o 17:79 t hat only Muhammad deserves, a responsibilit y which t he might y Prophet s and Messengers will decline t o assume. However, Muhammad will carry t he t ask of int ercession, may Allah's peace and blessings be on him.

ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ͡ Α͡キ ゲ∠ ∇Βピ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ワ∇ゲミ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ハ∇ヲデ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや べ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ラ ∠ ヲぁΒら͡ レｚ ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヅ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇シｘΙや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ベ ⊥ あゲヘ∠ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ リ∠ヤプ∠ ゅ⇔レΑ͡キ ユ͡ ⇒∠ヤ∇シΗ ͡ や ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ヒ͡ わ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ (83. Do t hey seek ot her t han t he religion of Allah, while t o Him submit t ed all creat ures in t he heavens and t he eart h, willingly or unwillingly. And t o Him shall t hey all be ret urned.) (84. Say: "We believe in Allah and in what has been sent down t o us, and what was sent down t o Ibrahim, Isma` il, Ishaq, Ya` qub and Al-Asbat , and what was given t o Musa, ` Isa and t he Prophet s from t heir Lord. We make no dist inct ion bet ween one anot her among t hem and t o Him (Allah) we have submit t ed.'') (85. And whoever seeks a religion ot her t han Islam, it will never be accept ed of him, and in t he Hereaft er he will be one of t he losers.)

The Only Valid Religion To Allah is Islam Allah rebukes t hose who prefer a religion ot her t han t he religion t hat He sent His Books and Messengers wit h, which is t he worship of Allah Alone wit hout part ners, t o Whom,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(submit t ed all creat ures in t he heavens and t he eart h,) Willingly, or not . Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ゅ⇔ハ∇ヲデ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ギ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ びゅ⇔ワ∇ゲミ∠ ヱ∠ (And unt o Allah (Alone) falls in prost rat ion whoever is in t he heavens and t he eart h, willingly or unwillingly.) 13:15 , and,

ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヤニ ͡ ほ⊥Βｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Β∠ ∇ヨャ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ギ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ヨワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ や⇔ギイ ｚシ ⊥ モ ͡ も͡ べ∠ヨゼ ｚ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ⇒∠ガΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ (Have t hey not observed t hings t hat Allah has creat ed: (how) t heir shadows incline t o t he right and t o t he left , making prost rat ion unt o Allah, and t hey are lowly And t o Allah prost rat e all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h, of t he moving creat ures and t he angels, and t hey are not proud. They fear t heir Lord above t hem, and t hey do what t hey are commanded) 16: 48-50 . Therefore, t he fait hful believer submit s t o Allah in heart and body, while t he disbeliever unwillingly submit s t o Him in body only, since he is under Allah's power, irresist ible cont rol and might y kingship t hat cannot be repelled or resist ed. Waki` report ed t hat Muj ahid said t hat t he Ayah,

ゅ⇔ハ∇ヲデ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ワ∇ゲミ∠ ヱ∠ (While t o Him submit t ed all creat ures in t he heavens and t he eart h, willingly or unwillingly), is similar t o t he Ayah,

チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ リ͡ゃャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ｚ ャ⊥ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ (And verily, if you ask t hem: "Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h'' Surely, t hey will say: "Allah'') 39:38 . He also report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about ,

ゅ⇔ハ∇ヲデ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ワ∇ゲミ∠ ヱ∠ (while t o Him submit t ed all creat ures in t he heavens and t he eart h, willingly or unwillingly.) "When He t ook t he covenant from t hem.''

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t o Him shall t hey all be ret urned) on t he Day of Ret urn, when He will reward or punish each person according t o his or her deeds. Allah t hen said,

びゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "We believe in Allah and in what has been sent down t o us) t he Qur'an,

ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ (and what was sent down t o Ibrahim, Ismai` 0l, Ishaq, Ya` qub) t he script ures and revelat ion,

びヅ ∠ ゅ∠ら∇シΕ ∠ や∠ヱぴ (and t he Asbat ,) t he Asbat are t he t welve t ribes who originat ed from t he t welve children of Israel (Ya` qub).

びヴ∠ジΒ͡ハヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and what was given t o Musa, ` Isa) t he Tawrah and t he Inj il,

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ∠ラヲぁΒ͡らレｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (and t he Prophet s from t heir Lord.) and t his encompasses all of Allah's Prophet s.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ベ ⊥ あゲヘ∠ ル⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (We make no dist inct ion bet ween one anot her among t hem) we believe in all of t hem,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t o Him (Allah) we have submit t ed (in Islam)) Therefore, fait hful Muslims believe in every Prophet whom Allah has sent and in every Book He revealed, and never disbelieve in any of t hem. Rat her, t hey believe in what was revealed by Allah, and in every Prophet sent by Allah. Allah said next ,

びヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ リ∠ヤプ∠ ゅ⇔レΑ͡キ ユ͡ ⇒∠ヤ∇シΗ ͡ や ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ヒ͡ わ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever seeks a religion ot her t han Islam, it will never be accept ed of him,) whoever seeks ot her t han what Allah has legislat ed, it will not be accept ed from him,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and in t he Hereaft er he will be one of t he losers.) As t he Prophet said in an aut hent ic Hadit h,

«キ∠ケ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ⇔ヤヨ∠ ハ ∠ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » (Whoever commit s an act ion t hat does not conform t o our mat t er (religion) t hen it is rej ect ed).

∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ペ ｘェ ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ セ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぼ⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ レ∠ ∇バャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ブ ⊥ ｚヘガ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ∇やヲ⊥エヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ∠ レ⊥Α び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ (86. How shall Allah guide a people who disbelieved aft er t heir belief and aft er t hey bore wit ness t hat t he Messenger is t rue and aft er clear proofs came t o t hem And Allah guides not t he people who are wrongdoers. (87. They are t hose whose recompense is t hat on t hem (rest s) t he curse of Allah, of t he angels and of all mankind.) (88. They will abide t herein. Neit her will t heir t orment be light ened nor will it be delayed or post poned.) (89. Except for t hose who repent aft er t hat and do right eous deeds. Verily, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

Allah Does Not Guide People Who Disbelieve After they Believed, Unless They Repent Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "A man from t he Ansar embraced Islam, but lat er revert ed and j oined t he polyt heist s. He lat er on became sorry and sent his people t o, ` Ask t he Messenger of Allah for me, if I can repent .' Then,

び∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ンギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ぴ (How shall Allah guide a people who disbelieved aft er t heir belief) unt il,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (Verily, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) was revealed and his people sent word t o him and he re-embraced Islam.'' This is t he wording recorded by An-Nasa'i, Al-Hakim and Ibn Hibban. Al-Hakim said, "It s chain is Sahih and t hey did not record it .'' Allah's st at ement ,

∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ぴ びろ ⊥ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ペ ｘェ ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ セ ∠ ヱ∠ (How shall Allah guide a people who disbelieved aft er t heir belief and aft er t hey bore wit ness t hat t he Messenger is t rue and aft er clear proofs came t o t hem) means, t he proofs and evidences were est ablished, t est ifying t o t he t rut h of what t he Messenger was sent wit h. The t rut h was t hus explained t o t hem, but t hey revert ed t o t he darkness of polyt heism. Therefore, how can such people deserve guidance aft er t hey willingly leapt int o ut t er blindness This is why Allah said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah guides not t he people who are wrongdoers.) He t hen said,

る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ レ∠ ∇バャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぼ⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ (They are t hose whose recompense is t hat on t hem (rest s) t he curse of Allah, of t he angels and of all mankind.) Allah curses t hem and His creat ion also curses t hem.

びべ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カぴ (They will abide t herein) in t he curse,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グ∠バ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ブ ⊥ ｚヘガ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (Neit her will t heir t orment be light ened nor will it be delayed or post poned.) for, t he t orment will not be lessened, not even for an hour. Aft er t hat , Allah said,

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ (Except for t hose who repent aft er t hat and do right eous deeds. Verily, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) This Ayah indicat es Allah's kindness, graciousness, compassion, mercy and favor on His creat ures when t hey repent t o Him, for He forgives t hem in t his case.

リｚャ や⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠キ∇コや ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ - ∠ラヲぁャべｚツャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ よ∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ボゎ⊥ ユ͡ワ͡ギ∠ェ∠ぺ ∇リョ͡ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∀ケゅｚヘミ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ンギ∠ わ∠ ∇プや ヲ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔らワ∠ ク∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ￢⊥ ∇モあョ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲダ ͡ ⇒ｚル リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ (90. Verily, t hose who disbelieved aft er t heir belief and t hen went on increasing in t heir disbelief never will t heir repent ance be accept ed. And t hey are t hose who are ast ray.) (91. Verily, t hose who disbelieved, and died while t hey were disbelievers, t he (whole) eart h full of gold will not be accept ed from anyone of t hem if t hey offered it as a ransom. For t hem is a painful t orment and t hey will have no helpers.)

Neither Repentance of the Disbeliever Upon Death, Nor His Ransoming Himself on the Day of Resurrection Shall be Accepted Allah t hreat ens and warns t hose who revert t o disbelief aft er t hey believed and who t hereaft er insist on disbelief unt il deat h. He st at es t hat in t his case, no repent ance shall be accept ed from t hem upon t heir deat h. Similarly, Allah said,

や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ る⊥ よ∠ ∇ヲｚわャや ろ ͡ ジ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びれ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ツ ∠ ェ ∠ (And of no effect is t he repent ance of t hose who cont inue t o do evil deeds unt il deat h faces one of t hem) 4:18 . This is why Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲぁャべｚツャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ よ∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ボゎ⊥ リｚャぴ (never will t heir repent ance be accept ed. And t hey are t hose who went ast ray.) t o t hose who abandon t he pat h of t rut h for t he pat h of wickedness. Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bazzar recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat some people embraced Islam, revert ed t o disbelief, became Muslims again, t hen revert ed from Islam. They sent t heir people inquiring about t his mat t er and t hey asked t he Messenger of Allah . On t hat , t his Ayah was revealed,

リｚャ や⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠キ∇コや ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ よ∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ボゎ⊥ (Verily, t hose who disbelieved aft er t heir belief and t hen went on increasing in t heir disbelief never will t heir repent ance be accept ed). The chain of narrat ion is sat isfact ory. Thereaft er, Allah said,

∇リョ͡ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∀ケゅｚヘミ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びヮ͡ よ͡ ン∠ギわ∠ ∇プや ヲ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔らワ∠ ク∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ￢⊥ ∇モあョ ユ͡ワギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ (Verily, t hose who disbelieved, and died while t hey were disbelievers, t he (whole) eart h full of gold will not be accept ed from anyone of t hem even if t hey offered it as a ransom.) Those who die while disbelievers, shall have no good deed ever accept ed from t hem, even if t hey spent t he eart h's fill of gold in what was perceived t o be an act of obedience. The Prophet was asked about ` Abdullah bin Jud` an, who used t o be generous t o guest s, helpful t o t he indebt ed and who gave food (t o t he poor); will all t hat benefit him The Prophet said,

ヶ͡ャ ゲ͡ヘ∇ビや ゆ あ ケ∠ :ゲ͡ ∇ワギｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇モボ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∩ゅ∠ャ» «リΑあギャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡わゃ∠ Β͡トカ ∠ (No, for not even one day during his life did he pronounce, ` O my Lord! Forgive my sins on t he Day of Judgment .) Similarly, if t he disbeliever gave t he eart h's full of gold as ransom, it will not be accept ed from him. Allah said,

び∀る∠バ⇒∠ヘ∠セ ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀メ∇ギ∠ハ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ モ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(...nor shall compensat ion be accept ed from him, nor shall int ercession be of use t o him,) 2:123 , and

び∀モ⇒∠ヤ͡カ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∀ノ∇Β∠よ Ι ｚぴ (...on which t here will be neit her mut ual bargaining nor befriending.) 14:31 , and,

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヘΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ あらボ⊥ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや (Verily, t hose who disbelieve, if t hey had all t hat is in t he eart h, and as much again t herewit h t o ransom t hemselves t hereby from t he t orment on t he Day of Resurrect ion, it would never be accept ed of t hem, and t heirs would be a painful t orment ) 5:36 . This is why Allah said here,

∇リョ͡ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∀ケゅｚヘミ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びヮ͡ よ͡ ン∠ギわ∠ ∇プや ヲ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔らワ∠ ク∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ￢⊥ ∇モあョ ユ͡ワギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ,(Verily, t hose who disbelieved, and died while t hey were disbelievers, t he (whole) eart h full of gold will not be accept ed from anyone of t hem if t hey offered it as a ransom). The implicat ion of t his Ayah is t hat t he disbeliever shall never avoid t he t orment of Allah, even if he spent t he eart h's fill of gold, or if he ransoms himself wit h t he eart h's fill of gold, - all of it s mount ains, hills, sand, dust , valleys, forest s, land and sea. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

リ ∠ ∇よや ゅ∠Α :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ͡ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ » ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ∇ヵぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨∠マャ∠ゴ͡ ∇レョ∠ れ ∠ ∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∩∠ュキ∠ へ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ メ ⊥ ほ∠∇シぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ｚリヨ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇モシ ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∃メゴ͡ ∇レョ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ モ ∠ わ∠ ∇ホほ⊥プ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヶ͡ルキｚ ゲ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヴｚレヨ∠ ゎ∠ ぺ∠

ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡りキ∠ ゅ∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや モ ͡ ∇ツプ∠ ∇リョ͡ ン∠ゲΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∩∃ケや∠ゲョ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ゼハ ∠ ∩∠ュキ∠ へ リ ∠ ∇よや ゅ∠Α :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ͡ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャゅ͡よ ∩∃メゴ͡ ∇レョ∠ ゲｚ セ ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨∠マャ∠ゴ͡ ∇レョ∠ れ ∠ ∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∨ゅ⇔らワ∠ ク∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ネ ͡ ゅ∠ヤト ͡ よ͡ ヶあレョ͡ ヵ͡ギわ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∩∠ろ∇よグ∠ ミ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ∇ヵぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ «ケゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ キぁ ゲ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ∩∇モバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ゲ∠ ジ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ｚ ホ∠ ぺ∠ (A man from among t he people of Paradise will be brought and Allah will ask him, "O son of Adam! How did you find your dwelling'' He will say, "O Lord, it is t he best dwelling.'' Allah will say, "Ask and wish.'' The man will say, "I only ask and wish t hat You send me back t o t he world so t hat I am killed t en t imes in Your cause,'' because of t he honor of mart yrdom he would experience. A man from among t he people of t he Fire will be brought , and Allah will say t o him, "O son of Adam! How do you find your dwelling'' He will say, "It is t he worst dwelling, O Lord.'' Allah will ask him, "Would you ransom yourself from Me wit h t he eart h's fill of gold'' He will say, "Yes, O Lord.'' Allah will say, "You have lied. I asked you t o do what is less and easier t han t hat , but you did not do it ,'' and he will be sent back t o t he Fire.) This is why Allah said,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲダ ͡ ⇒ｚル リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (For t hem is a painful t orment and t hey will have no helpers.) for t hey shall not have anyone who will save t hem from t he t orment of Allah or rescue t hem from His painful punishment .

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゲｚ ら͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠レゎ∠ リ∠ャぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ (92. By no means shall you at t ain Al-Birr, unless you spend of t hat which you love; and what ever of good you spend, Allah knows it well.)

Al-Birr is Spending from the Best of One's Wealth In his Tafsir, Waki` report ed, t hat ` Amr bin Maymun said t hat

びゲｚ ら͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠レゎ∠ リ∠ャぴ (By no means shall you at t ain Al-Birr) is in reference t o at t aining Paradise. Imam Ahmad report ed t hat Anas bin Malik said, "Abu Talhah had more propert y t han any ot her among t he Ansar in Al-Madinah, and t he most beloved of his propert y t o him was Bayruha' garden, which was in front of t he (Messenger's) Masj id. Somet imes, Allah's Messenger used t o go t o t he garden and drink it s fresh wat er.'' Anas added, "When t hese verses were revealed,

びラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ゅｚヨ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゲｚ ら͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠レゎ∠ リ∠ャぴ (By no means shall you at t ain Al-Birr unless You spend of t hat which you love,) Abu Talhah said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Allah says,

びラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ゅｚヨ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゲｚ ら͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠レゎ∠ リ∠ャぴ (By no means shall you at t ain Al-Birr, unless you spend of t hat which you love;) No doubt , Bayruha' garden is t he most beloved of all my propert y t o me. So I want t o give it in charit y in Allah's cause, and I expect it s reward and compensat ion from Allah. O Allah's Messenger! Spend it where Allah makes you t hink is feasible. ' On t hat , Allah's Messenger said,

∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀ウよ͡ や∠ケ ∀メゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ク ∩∀ウよ͡ や∠ケ ∀メゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ク ∩∃オよ∠ オ ∃ よ∠ » «リΒ͡よゲ∠ ∇ホほ∠∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠バ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ン∠ケぺ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ろ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ (Well-done! It is profit able propert y, it is profit able propert y. I have heard what you have said, and I t hink it would be proper if you gave it t o your kit h and kin.) Abu Talhah said, ` I will do so, O Allah's Messenger.' Then Abu Talhah dist ribut ed t hat garden among his relat ives and cousins.'' This Hadit h was recorded in t he Two Sahihs. They also recorded t hat ` Umar said, "O Messenger of Allah! I never gained possession of a piece of propert y more precious t o me t han my share in Khaybar. Therefore, what do you command me t o do wit h it '' The Prophet said,

«り∠ゲヨ∠ んｚ ャや モ ͡ らあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∠ ∇タほ∠∇ャや ザ ͡ らあ ェ ∠» (Ret ain t he land t o give it s fruit s in Allah's cause.)

ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レら∠ ャあ Κ ６ ⇒͡ェ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ュ͡ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや ぁモミ⊥ ぴ ∇モホ⊥ り⊥ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや メ ∠ ゴｚ レ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ⊥ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤ∇ゎゅ∠プ り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ る∠ ヤｚョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ベ ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ (93. All food was lawful t o t he Children of Israel, except what Isra'il made unlawful for himself before t he Tawrah was revealed. Say: "Bring here t he Tawrah and recit e it , if you are t rut hful. '') (94. Then aft er t hat , whosoever shall invent a lie against Allah, t hen it is t hese t hat are t he wrongdoers.) (95. Say:"Allah has spoken t he t rut h; follow t he religion of Ibrahim t he Hanif (monot heist ), and he was not of t he Mushrikin (idolat ors).'')

The Questions that the Jews Asked Our Prophet Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "A group of Jews came t o Allah's Prophet and said, ` Talk t o us about some t hings we will ask you and which only a Prophet would know.' He said, ` Ask me about what ever you wish. However, give your pledge t o Allah, similar t o t he pledge t hat Ya` qub t ook from his children, t hat if I t ell you somet hing and you recognize it s t rut h, you will follow me in Islam.' They said, ` Agreed.' The Prophet said, ` Ask me about what ever you wish.' They said, ` Tell us about four mat t ers: 1. What kinds of food did Isra'il prohibit for himself 2. What about t he sexual discharge of t he woman and t he man, and what role does each play in producing male or female offspring 3. Tell us about t he condit ion of t he unlet t ered Prophet during sleep, 4. And who is his Wali (support er) among t he angels' The Prophet t ook t heir covenant t hat t hey will follow him if he answers t hese quest ions, and t hey agreed. He said, ` I ask you by He Who sent down t he Tawrah t o Musa, do you not know t hat Isra'il once became very ill When his illness was prolonged, he vowed t o Allah t hat if He cures His illness, he would prohibit t he best t ypes of drink and food for himself. Was not t he best food t o him camel meat and t he best drink camel milk' They said, ` Yes, by Allah.' The Messenger said, ` O Allah, be Wit ness against t hem.' The Prophet t hen said, ` I ask you by Allah, ot her t han Whom t here is no deit y (wort hy of worship), Who sent down t he Tawrah t o Musa, do you not know t hat man's discharge is t hick and whit e and woman's is yellow and t hin If any of t hese fluids becomes dominant , t he offspring will t ake it s sex and resemblance by Allah's leave. Hence, if t he man's is more t han t he woman's, t he child will be male, by Allah's leave. If t he woman's discharge is more t han t he man's, t hen t he child will be female, by Allah's leave.' They said, ` Yes.' He said, ` O Allah, be Wit ness against t hem.' He t hen said, ` I ask you by He Who sent down t he Tawrah t o Musa, do you not know t hat t he eyes of t his unlet t ered Prophet sleep, but his heart does not sleep' They said, ` Yes, by Allah!' He said, ` O Allah, be Wit ness.' They said, ` Tell us now about your Wali among t he angels, for t his is when we eit her follow or shun you.' He said, ` My Wali (who brings down t he revelat ion from Allah) is Jibril, and Allah never sent a Prophet , but Jibril is his Wali.' They said, ` We t hen shun you. Had you a Wali ot her t han Jibril, we would have followed you.' On t hat , Allah, t he Exalt ed revealed,

びモ ∠ Α͡ゲ∇らイ ͡ ャあ や６ヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Whoever is an enemy t o Jibril...'') 2:97 .'' Allah's st at ement ,

びメ ∠ ゴｚ レ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ぴ (before t he Tawrah was revealed) 3:93 , means, Isra'il forbade t hat for himself before t he Tawrah was revealed. There are t wo obj ect ives behind revealing t his segment of t he Ayah. First , he forbade himself t he most delight ful t hings for Allah's sake. This pract ice was allowed during his period of Law, and is, t hus, suit able t hat it is ment ioned aft er Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ゅｚヨ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゲｚ ら͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠レゎ∠ リ∠ャぴ (By no means shall you at t ain Al-Birr, unless you spend of t hat which you love) 3: 92 . What we are allowed in our Law is t o spend in Allah's obedience from what we like and covet but not t o prohibit what Allah has allowed . Allah said in ot her Ayat ;

びヮ͡ らあ ェ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ヴ∠ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (And gives his wealt h, in spit e of love for it ,) 2:177 , and;

びヮ͡ らあ ェ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨバ͡ ∇トΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey give food, in spit e of t heir love for it ,) 76:8 . The second reason is t hat aft er Allah refut ed t he false Christ ian beliefs and allegat ions about ` Isa and his mot her. Allah st art ed refut ing t he Jews here, may Allah curse t hem, by st at ing t hat t he abrogat ion of t he Law, t hat t hey denied occurs, already occurred in t heir Law. For inst ance, Allah has st at ed in t heir Book, t he Tawrah, t hat when Nuh depart ed from t he ark, Allah allowed him t o eat t he meat of all t ypes of animals. Aft erwards, Isra'il forbade t he meat and milk of camels for himself, and his children imit at ed t his pract ice aft er him. The Tawrah lat er on prohibit ed t his t ype of food, and added several more t ypes of prohibit ions. Allah allowed Adam t o marry his daught ers t o his sons, and t his pract ice was lat er forbidden. The Law of Ibrahim allowed t he man t o t ake female servant s as companions along wit h his wife, as Ibrahim did when he t ook Haj ar, while he was married t o Sarah. Lat er on, t he Tawrah prohibit ed t his pract ice. It was previously allowed t o t ake t wo sist ers as wives at t he same t ime, as Ya` qub married t wo sist ers at t he same t ime. Lat er on, t his pract ice was prohibit ed in t he Tawrah. All t hese examples are in t he Tawrah and const it ut e a Naskh (abrogat ion) of t he Law. Therefore, let t he Jews consider what Allah legislat ed for ` Isa and if such legislat ion falls under t he cat egory of abrogat ion or not . Why do t hey not t hen follow ` Isa in t his regard

Rat her, t he Jews defied and rebelled against ` Isa and against t he correct religion t hat Allah sent Muhammad wit h. This is why Allah said,

ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レら∠ ャあ Κ ６ ⇒͡ェ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ュ͡ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや ぁモミ⊥ ぴ びり⊥ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや メ ∠ ゴｚ レ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ⊥ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ (All food was lawful t o t he Children of Israel, except what Isra'il made unlawful for himself before t he Tawrah was revealed) 3:93 meaning, before t he Tawrah was revealed, all t ypes of foods were allowed, except what Isra'il prohibit ed for himself. Allah t hen said,

び∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤ∇ゎゅ∠プ り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ∇モホ⊥ り⊥ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャやぴ (Say: "Bring here t he Tawrah and recit e it , if you are t rut hful.''), for t he Tawrah affirms what we are st at ing here. Allah said next ,

マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ (Then aft er t hat , whosoever shall invent a lie against Allah, t hen t hese it is t hat are t he wrongdoers.) 3:94 , in reference t o t hose who lie about Allah and claim t hat He made t he Sabbat h and t he Tawrah et ernal. They are t hose who claim t hat Allah did not send anot her Prophet calling t o Allah wit h t he proofs and evidences, alt hough evidence indicat es t hat abrogat ion, as we have described, occurred before in t he Tawrah,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ (t hen t hese it is t hat are t he wrongdoers.) Allah t hen said,

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ベ ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say, "Allah has spoken t he t rut h;'') 3:95 meaning, O Muhammad, say t hat Allah has said t he t rut h in what He conveyed and legislat ed in t he Qur'an,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ る∠ ヤｚョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや (follow t he religion of Ibrahim t he Hanif, and he was not of t he idolat ors.'') 3:95 . Therefore, follow t he religion of Ibrahim t hat Allah legislat ed in t he Qur'an. Indeed, t his is t he t rut h, t here is no doubt in it , and t he perfect way, and no Prophet has brought a more complet e, clear, plain and perfect way t han he did. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ゅ⇔レΑ͡キ ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ͡ルや∠ギワ∠ ヴ͡レルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ る∠ ヤｚョあ ゅ⇔ヨΒ∠ ホ͡ (Say: "Truly, my Lord has guided me t o a st raight pat h, a right religion, t he religion of Ibrahim, t he Hanif, and he was not of t he idolat ors.'') 6:161 and,

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ る∠ ヤｚョ͡ ∇ノら͡ ゎｚ や ラ ͡ ぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ (Then, We have sent t he revelat ion t o you (saying): "Follow t he religion of Ibrahim, t he Hanif, and he was not of t he idolat ers.) 16:123 .

ゅ⇔ミ∠ケゅ∠らョ⊥ る∠ ムｚ ら∠ よ͡ ン͡グヤｚャ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ノ∠ ッ ͡ ヱ⊥ ろ ∃ ∇Βよ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ∠ユΒ͡ワ∠ゲ∇よ͡ま ュ⊥ ゅ∠ボョｚ ∀ろ⇒∠レ⇒あΒ∠よ ∀ろ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヮ͡ Β͡プ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ア ぁェ ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ͡ョや∠￢ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ ∠ キ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ ｘ レ͡ ビ ∠ ぶや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ノ∠ ⇒∠トわ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ (96. Verily, t he first House (of worship) appoint ed for mankind was t hat at Bakkah (Makkah), full of blessing, and a guidance for Al-` Alamin (mankind and Jinn). (97. In it are manifest signs (for example), t he Maqam (st at ion) of Ibrahim; whosoever ent ers it , he at t ains securit y. And

Haj j t o t he House is a dut y t hat mankind owes t o Allah, for t hose who are able t o undert ake t he j ourney; and whoever disbelieves, t hen Allah st ands not in need of any of t he ` Alamin.)

The Ka` bah is the First House of Worship Allah said,

びサ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ノ∠ ッ ͡ ヱ⊥ ろ ∃ ∇Βよ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he first House appoint ed for mankind) for all people, for t heir act s of worship and religious rit uals. They go around t he House in Tawaf , pray in it s vicinit y and remain in it s area in I` t ikaf.

びる∠ ムｚ ら∠ よ͡ ング͡ ヤｚャ∠ぴ (was t hat at Bakkah,) meaning, t he Ka` bah t hat was built by Ibrahim Al-Khalil, whose religion t he Jews and Christ ians claim t hey follow. However, t hey do not perform Haj j t o t he house t hat Ibrahim built by Allah's command, and t o which he invit ed t he people t o perform Haj j . Allah said next , i

びゅ⇔ミ∠ケゅ∠らョ⊥ ぴ (full of blessing), sanct ified,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and a guidance for Al-` Alamin.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Dharr said; "I said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Which Masj id was t he first t o be built on t he surface of t he eart h' He said, ` Al-Masj id Al-Haram (in Makkah).' I said, ` Which was built next ' He replied ` Al-Masj id Al-Aqsa (in Jerusalem).' I said, ` What was t he period of t ime bet ween building t he t wo' He said, ` Fort y years.' He added,

«ギ͡イ∇ジョ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤぁム⊥ プ∠ ∩あモダ ∠ プ∠ り∠ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ろ ∠ ∇ミケ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ｚユを⊥ » (Wherever (you may be, and) t he prayer becomes due, perform t he prayer t here, for t he whole eart h was made a Masj id.)'' Al-Bukhari and Muslim also collect ed t his Hadit h.

The Names of Makkah, Such As ` Bakkah Allah said,

びる∠ ムｚ ら∠ よ͡ ン͡グヤｚャ∠ぴ (was t hat at Bakkah), where Bakkah is one of t he names of Makkah. Bakkah means, ` it brings Buka' (crying, weeping) t o t he t yrant s and arrogant , meaning t hey cry and become humble in it s vicinit y. It was also said t hat Makkah was called Bakkah because people do Buka next t o it , meaning t hey gat her around it . There are many names for Makkah, such as Bakkah, Al-Bayt Al` At iq (t he Ancient House), Al-Bayt Al-Haram (t he Sacred House), Al-Balad Al-Amin (t he Cit y of Safet y) and Al-Ma'mun (Securit y). Makkah's names include Umm Rahm (Mot her of Mercy), Umm Al-Qura (Mot her of t he Towns), Salah, as well as ot hers .

The Station of Ibrahim Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ろ⇒∠レ⇒あΒ∠よ ∀ろ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヮ͡ Β͡プぴ (In it are manifest signs) 3:97 , means, clear signs t hat Ibrahim built t he Ka` bah and t hat Allah has honored and blessed it . Allah t hen said,

びユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ュ͡ ゅ∠ボョｚ ぴ (t he Maqam (st at ion) of Ibrahim) When t he building t he Ka` bah was raised, Ibrahim st ood on; t he Maqam so t hat he could raise t he walls higher, while his son Isma` il was handing t he st ones t o him. We should ment ion t hat t he Maqam used t o be sit uat ed right next t o t he House. Lat er, and during his reign, ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab moved t he Maqam fart her t o t he east , so t hat t hose who go around t he House in Tawaf are able t o perform it easily, wit hout dist urbing t hose who pray next t o t he Maqam aft er finishing t heir Tawaf. Allah commanded us t o pray next t o t he Maqam;

びヴ６ヤダ ∠ ョ⊥ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ュ͡ ゅ∠ボョｚ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And t ake you (people) t he Maqam (st at ion) of Ibrahim as a place of prayer) 2:125 . We ment ioned t he Hadit hs about t his subj ect before, and all t he t hanks are due t o Allah. Al` Awfi said t hat , Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ボョｚ ∀ろ⇒∠レ⇒あΒ∠よ ∀ろ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヮ͡ Β͡プぴ (In it are manifest signs, t he Maqam of Ibrahim;)

"Such as t he Maqam and Al-Mash` ar Al-Haram .'' Muj ahid said, "The impression of Ibrahim's feet remains on t he Maqam as a clear sign.'' It was report ed t hat ` Umar bin ` Abdul-` Aziz, AlHasan, Qat adah, As-Suddi, Muqat il bin Hayyan and ot hers said similarly.

Al-Haram, the Sacred Area, is a Safe Area Allah said,

びゅ⇔レ͡ョや∠￢ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ ∠ キ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (whosoever ent ers it , he at t ains securit y,) 3:97 meaning, t he Haram of Makkah is a safe refuge for t hose in a st at e of fear. There in it s vicinit y, t hey will be safe, j ust as was t he case during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "(During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah) a man would commit murder, t hen wear a piece of wool around his neck and ent er t he Haram. And even when t he son of t he murdered person would meet him, he would not make a move against him, unt il he left t he sanct uary.'' Allah said,

ブ ⊥ ト ｚガ ∠ わ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ⇔ゅレ͡ョや￢ ゅ⇔ョ∠ゲェ ∠ ゅレ∠ ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや (Have t hey not seen t hat We have made (Makkah) a secure sanct uary, while men are being snat ched away from all around t hem) 29:67 , and,

リあョ ユ⊥ヰヨ∠ バ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや - ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゆ ｚ ケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バ∠Β∇ヤ∠プぴ びフ ∃ ∇ヲカ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ネ ∃ ヲ⊥ィ (So let t hem worship (Allah) t he Lord of t his House (t he Ka` bah). (He) Who has fed t hem against hunger, and has made t hem safe from fear) 106:3-4 . It is not allowed for anyone t o hunt in t he Haram or t o drive game out of it s den t o be hunt ed, or cut t he t rees in it s vicinit y, or pick it s grass, as t he Hadit hs of t he Prophet and t he st at ement s of t he Companions t est ify. The Two Sahihs recorded (t his being t he wording of Muslim) t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "On t he day of t he conquest of Makkah, t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇レわ⊥ ∇シや や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩∀る⇒ｚΒル͡ ヱ∠ ∀キゅ∠ヰィ ͡ ∇リム͡ ⇒⇒ャ∠ヱ ∩∠りゲ∠ ∇イワ͡ ゅ∠ャ» «やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ルゅ∠プ

(There is no more Hij rah (migrat ion t o Makkah), only Jihad and good int ent ion. If you were mobilized, t hen march fort h.) He also said on t he day of t he conquest of Makkah,

れ ͡ やヲ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ギ∠ ヤ∠ら∠ ∇ャや や∠グワ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴャ͡ま ぶ ͡ や る͡ ョ∠ ∇ゲエ ⊥ よ͡ ∀ュや∠ゲ∠ェ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩∠チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ヤ∇らホ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠Ε ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ メ ⊥ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャや モ ｚエ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ∀ュやゲ∠ ェ ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩∃ケゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇リョ͡ る∃ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ ヶ͡プ ゅｚャま͡ ヶ͡ャ モ ｚエ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャヱ⊥ ∩⊥ヮミ⊥ ∇ヲセ ∠ ギ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ぶ ͡ や る͡ ョ∠ ∇ゲエ ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰプ∠ ゲｚ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ ト ∠ ボ∠ ャ⊥ テ ⊥ ボ͡ わ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ロギ⊥ ∇Βタ ∠ ゲ⊥ ｚヘレ∠ Α⊥ «ゅ∠ワゅ∠ヤカ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠わ∇ガΑ⊥ (Beware! Allah made t his t own (Makkah) a sanct uary when He creat ed t he heavens and eart h, and it is sacred by Allah's decree unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. Fight ing in Makkah was not permit t ed for anyone before me, and it was made legal for me for only a few hours or so on t hat day. No doubt it is at t his moment a sanct uary by Allah's decree unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. It is not allowed t o uproot it s t horny shrubs, hunt it s game, pick up it s lost obj ect s, except by announcing it , or t o uproot it s t rees.) Al-` Abbas said, ` Except t he lemon grass, O Allah's Messenger, as t hey use it in t heir houses and graves.' The Prophet said:

«ゲ͡カ∇クみ͡∇ャや ゅｚャま͡» (Except lemongrass).'' The Two Sahihs also recorded t hat Abu Shurayh Al-` Adawi said t hat he said t o ` Amr bin Sa` id while he was sending t he t roops t o Makkah (t o fight ` Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr), "O Commander! Allow me t o t ell you what Allah's Messenger said on t he day following t he conquest of Makkah. My ears heard it and my heart memorized it t horoughly, and I saw t he Prophet wit h my own eyes when he, aft er glorifying and praising Allah, said,

ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩⊥サゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰ∇ョゲあ エ ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ぶや ゅ∠ヰョ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ る∠ ムｚ ョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» マ ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡ べ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ン͡ゲ∇ョゅ͡ャ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ ゾ ∠ カ ｚ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩⇔りゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ギ∠ ツ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ョキ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ユ∂ヤシヱ ヮΒヤハ ぶや ヴヤダ͡ヰヤャや メ ͡ ヲ⊥シケ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠わボ͡ よ͡ ∩∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ラク∠ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シゲ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボプ∠ ∇れキ∠ ゅ∠ハ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∃ケゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇リョ͡ る⇔ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヶ͡ャ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ワ͡ ゅｚゼャや ヒ͡ ヤあら∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ョほ∠∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠ヰわ͡ ョ∠ ∇ゲエ ⊥ ミ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ゲェ ⊥ «ょ͡もゅ∠ピ∇ャや (Allah, not t he people, made Makkah a sanct uary. Therefore, anybody who has belief in Allah and t he Last Day, should neit her shed blood in it nor cut down it s t rees. If anybody argues t hat fight ing in it is permissible on t he basis t hat Allah's Messenger fought in Makkah, say t o him, ` Allah allowed His Messenger and did not allow you.' Allah allowed me only for a few hours on t hat day (of t he conquest ), and t oday it s sanct it y is as valid as it was before. So, t hose who are present , should inform t hose who are absent of t his fact .).'' Abu Shurayh was asked, "What did ` Amr reply'' He said t hat ` Amr said, "O Abu Shurayh! I know bet t er t han you in t his respect ; Makkah does not give prot ect ion t o a sinner, a murderer or a t hief.'' Jabir bin ` Abdullah said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

«ゥゅ∠ヤジ あ ャや る∠ ムｚ ヨ∠ よ͡ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ» (None of you is allowed t o carry a weapon in Makkah.) Muslim recorded t his Hadit h. ` Abdullah bin ` Adi bin Al-Hamra' Az-Zuhri said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah say while st anding at Al-Hazwarah in t he market place of Makkah,

ぶ ͡ やチ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ょ ぁ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶや チ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βガ ∠ ャ∠ マ ͡ ルｚ ま͡ ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ» «ろ∇ィゲ∠ カ ∠ ゅ∠ョ マ ͡ ∇レョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ ヶあルぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶや ヴ∠ャま͡

(By Allah! You are t he best of Allah's land and t he most beloved land t o Allah. Had it not been for t he fact t hat I was driven out of you, I would not have left you.) Imam Ahmad collect ed t his Hadit h and t his is his wording. At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah also collect ed it . At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.''

The Necessity of Performing Hajj Allah said,

ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ノ∠ ⇒∠トわ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ア ぁェ ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ (And Haj j t o t he House is a dut y t hat mankind owes t o Allah, for t hose who are able t o undert ake t he j ourney) 3:97 . This Ayah est ablished t he obligat ion of performing Haj j . There are many Hadit hs t hat ment ion it as one of t he pillars and fundament als of Islam, and t his is agreed upon by t he Muslims. According t o t ext s and t he consensus of t he scholars, it is only obligat ory for t he adult Muslim t o perform it once during his lifet ime. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah once gave a speech in which he said,

«やヲぁイエ ⊥ プ∠ ア ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ チ ∠ ゲ͡ プ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠» (O people! Haj j has been enj oined on you, t herefore, perform Haj j .) A man asked, "Is it every year, O Allah's Messenger'' The Prophet remained silent unt il t he man repeat ed t he quest ion t hree t imes and he t hen said,

«ユ⊥わ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ィ ∠ ヲ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠» (Had I said yes, it would have become an obligat ion and you would not have been able t o fulfill it .) He said next ,

∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠ワ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヶ͡ルヱ⊥ケク∠ » や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩∇ユヰ͡ も͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ∇ユヰ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡や∠ぽシ ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇んム∠ よ͡

や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶゼ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ゲョ∠ ぺ∠ «ロヲ⊥ハギ∠ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇Βヰ∠ ル∠ (Leave me as I leave you, t hose before you were dest royed because of t heir many quest ions and disput ing wit h t heir Prophet s. If I command you wit h somet hing, perform it as much as you can. If I forbid somet hing for you, t hen refrain from it .) Muslim recorded similarly.

Meaning of ` Afford' in the Ayah There are several cat egories of "t he abilit y t o under t ake t he j ourney''. There is t he physical abilit y of t he person himself and t he abilit y t hat is relat ed t o ot her t hings as ment ioned in t he books of j urisprudence. Abu ` Isa At -Tirmidhi recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said, "A man st ood up and asked t he Messenger of Allah , ` O Messenger of Allah! Who is t he pilgrim' He said, ` He who has unt idy hair and clot hes.' Anot her man asked, ` Which Haj j is bet t er, O Messenger of Allah' He said, ` The noisy (wit h supplicat ion t o Allah) and bloody (wit h sacrifice).' Anot her man asked, ` What is t he abilit y t o undert ake t he j ourney, O Messenger of Allah' He said, ` Having provision and a means of t ransport at ion.''' This is t he narrat ion t hat Ibn Maj ah collect ed. AlHakim narrat ed t hat Anas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah was asked about Allah's st at ement ,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ノ∠ ⇒∠トわ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ ぴ (for t hose who are able t o undert ake t he j ourney;) 3:97 "What does ` able t o undert ake t he j ourney' mean'' The Prophet answered, "Having sufficient provision and a means of t ransport at ion.'' Al-Hakim st at ed t hat t his Hadit h's chain of narrat ion is aut hent ic, following t he guidelines of Muslim in his Sahih, but t he Two Sahihs did not collect it . Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«モｚイバ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ア ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » (Whoever int ends t o perform Haj j , let him rush t o perform it .) Abu Dawud also collect ed t his Hadit h.

The One who Denies the Necessity of Hajj Becomes a Disbeliever Allah said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヴ ｘ レ͡ ビ ∠ ぶや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (...and whoever disbelieves, t hen Allah st ands not in need of any of t he ` Alamin) 3:97 .

Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and several ot hers comment ed on t his Ayah, "Whoever denies t he necessit y of Haj j becomes disbeliever, and Allah is far Richer t han t o need him.'' Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Isma` ili recorded t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said, "Whoever can afford Haj j but did not perform it , t here is no difference in his case if he dies while Jew or Christ ian.'' This has an aut hent ic chain of narrat ion leading t o ` Umar.

ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Β⇒∠よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ユ∠ ャ͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠Α ∇モホ⊥ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ゅ⇔ィ∠ヲハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らゎ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ ゎ∠ びラ ∠ ヲヤ⊥ヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ モ ∃ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ピよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ￢⊥ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ (98. Say: "O People of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians)! Why do you rej ect t he Ayat of Allah, while Allah is Wit ness t o what you do'') (99. Say: "O People of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians)! Why do you st op t hose who have believed, from t he pat h of Allah, seeking t o make it seem crooked, while you (yourselves) are wit nesses And Allah is not unaware of what you do.'')

Chastising the People of the Book for Their Disbelief and Blocking the Path of Allah In t his Ayah Allah crit icizes t he disbelieving People of t he Book for refusing t he t rut h, rej ect ing Allah's Ayat and hindering t hose who seek t o believe from His pat h, alt hough t hey know t hat what t he Messenger was sent wit h is t he t rut h from Allah. They learned t his from t he previous Prophet s and honorable Messengers, may Allah's peace and blessings be on t hem all. They all brought t he glad t idings and t he good news of t he coming of t he unlet t ered, Arab, Hashimi Prophet from Makkah, t he mast er of t he Children of Adam, t he Final Prophet and t he Messenger of t he Lord of heavens and eart h. Allah has warned t he People of t he Book against t his behavior, st at ing t hat He is Wit ness over what t hey do, indicat ing t heir defiance of t he knowledge conveyed t o t hem by t he Prophet s. They rej ect ed, denied and refused t he very Messenger whom t hey were ordered t o convey t he glad t idings about his coming. Allah st at es t hat He is never unaware of what t hey do, and He will hold t hem responsible for t heir act ions, R

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レよ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀メゅ∠ョ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day whereon neit her wealt h nor sons will avail) 26:88 .

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡トゎ⊥ ラ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ミヱぁキゲ⊥ Α∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ン ∠ ギ͡ ワ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ユ͡ダわ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プヱ∠ び ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョ∂ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ (100. O you who believe! If you obey a group of t hose who were given t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians), t hey would (indeed) render you disbelievers aft er you have believed!) (101. And how would you disbelieve, while unt o you are recit ed t he verses of Allah, and among you is His Messenger And whoever depends upon Allah, t hen he is indeed guided t o t he right pat h.)

Warning Muslims Against Imitating People of the Scriptures Allah warns His believing servant s against obeying t he People of t he Book, who envy t he believers for t he favor t hat Allah gave t hem by sending His Messenger . Similarly, Allah said,

ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ユ⊥ムル∠ ヱぁキゲ⊥ Α∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ キｚ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ギ͡ ∇レハ ͡ ∇リョあ や⇔ギジ ∠ェ ∠ や⇔ケゅｚヘミ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま (Many of t he People of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) wish t hat t hey could t urn you away as disbelievers aft er you have believed, out of t heir own envy) 2:109 . In t his Ayah 3:100 , Allah said,

ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡トゎ⊥ ラ͡まぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ミヱぁキゲ⊥ Α∠ (If you obey a group of t hose who were given t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians), t hey would (indeed) render you disbelievers aft er you have believed!), t hen said,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プヱ∠ (And how would you disbelieve, while unt o you are recit ed t he verses of Allah, and among you is His Messenger), meaning, disbelief is far from t ouching you, since t he Ayat of Allah are being sent down on His Messenger day and night , and he recit es and conveys t hem t o you. Similarly, Allah said,

∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽわ⊥ ャ͡ び (And what is t he mat t er wit h you t hat you believe not in Allah! While t he Messenger invit es you t o believe in your Lord; and He has indeed t aken your covenant , if you are real believers) 57:8 . A Hadit h st at es t hat one day, t he Prophet said t o his Companions,

«∨ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ょ ⊥ イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヵ ぁ ぺ∠» :

.

:

«ユ͡ヰよあ ケ∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ » :

«∨∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ヶ ⊥ ∇ェヲ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ » :

.

:

«∨∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ヰ⊥ ∇ニぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ » :

:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ⇔ヘエ ⊥タ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゃΒ͡イΑ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ» «ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ("Who among t he fait hful believers do you consider has t he most amazing fait h'' They said, "The angels.'' He said, "Why would t hey not believe, since t hey are wit h t heir Lord'' They ment ioned t he Prophet s, and t he Prophet said, "Why would t hey not believe while t he revelat ion is sent down t o t hem'' They said, "Then, we are.'' He said, "Why would not you believe when I am among you'' They asked, "Who has t he most amazing fait h'' The Prophet said, "A people who will come aft er you and who will find only books t hat t hey will believe in.'') Allah said next ,

びユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョ∂ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ン ∠ ギ͡ ワ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ユ͡ダわ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever depends upon Allah, t hen he is indeed guided t o t he right pat h) 3:101 for t rust ing and relying on Allah are t he basis of achieving t he right guidance and st aying away from t he pat h of wickedness. They also represent t he t ool t o acquiring guidance and t rut h and achieving t he right eous aims.

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ボゎ⊥ ペ ｚェ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ モ ͡ ∇らエ ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ハや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョぁ ユ⊥わル∠ぺヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ｚ ゎ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥わ∇エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ブ ∠ ャｚほ∠プ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ギ∇ハぺ∠ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ∇クま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ グ∠ ボ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ り∃ ゲ∠ ∇ヘェ ⊥ ゅ∠ヘセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルや∠ヲ∇カま͡ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ (102. O you who believe! Have Taqwa of Allah as is His due, and die not except as (t rue) Muslims.) (103. And hold fast , all of you t oget her, t o t he Rope of Allah, and be not divided among yourselves, and remember Allah's favor on you, for you were enemies of one anot her but He j oined your heart s t oget her, so t hat , by His grace, you became bret hren, and you were on t he brink of a pit of Fire, and He saved you from it . Thus Allah makes His Ayat clear t o you, t hat you may be guided.)

Meaning of ` Taqwa of Allah Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud comment ed on t he Ayah,

びヮ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ボゎ⊥ ペ ｚェ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ やぴ (Have Taqwa of Allah as is His due,) "That He is obeyed and not defied, remembered and not forgot t en and appreciat ed and not unappreciat ed.'' This has an aut hent ic chain of narrat ion t o ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud. Al-Hakim collect ed t his Hadit h in his Must adrak, from Ibn Mas` ud, who relat ed it t o t he Prophet . AlHakim said, "It is aut hent ic according t o t he crit eria of t he Two Shaykhs Al-Bukhari and Muslim , and t hey did not record it .'' This is what he said, but it appears t hat it is only a st at ement of ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud, and Allah knows best . It was also report ed t hat Anas said, "The servant will not have Taqwa of Allah as is His due unt il he keeps his t ongue idle.'' Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョぁ ユ⊥わル∠ぺヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ｚ ゎ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and die not except as (t rue) Muslims) 3:102 , means, preserve your Islam while you are well and safe, so t hat you die as a Muslim. The Most Generous Allah has made it His decision t hat what ever st at e one lives in, t hat is what he dies upon and is resurrect ed upon. We seek refuge from dying on ot her t han Islam. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Muj ahid said, "The people were circling around t he Sacred House when Ibn ` Abbas was sit t ing, holding a bent -handled walking st ick. Ibn ` Abbas said, The Messenger of Allah recit ed ,

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ボゎ⊥ ペ ｚェ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョぁ ユ⊥わル∠ぺヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ｚ ゎ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ (Have Taqwa of Allah as is His due, die not except as (t rue) Muslims.) 3:102 , t hen he said;

ヴヤ∠ハ ∇れゲｚ ョ∠ ほ∠ャ∠ ∇れゲ∠ ト ͡ ホ⊥ ュ͡ ヲぁホゴｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇トホ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ » ∀ュゅ∠バデ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ∇リヨ∠ よ͡ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ゼ ∠ Β͡ハ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ «∨⊥ュヲぁホゴｚ ャや ゅｚャま͡ (Verily, if a drop of Zaqqum (a t ree in Hell) falls, it will spoil life for t he people of eart h. What about t hose whose food is only from Zaqqum)'' This was recorded by At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Maj ah, Ibn Hibban in his Sahih and Al-Hakim his Must adrak. At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih''' while Al-Hakim said; "It meet s t he condit ions of t he Two Sahihs and t hey did not record it ."

Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jabir said t hat t hree night s before t he Messenger of Allah died he heard him saying;

ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ リ ｚヌ ｚ ャや リ ⊥ジ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ｚ ゎ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «モ∠ィヱ∠ (None of you should die except while having sincere t rust in Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honorable.) Muslim also recorded it . The Two Sahihs record t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ヶ͡よ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ リ あニ ∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ :ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » (Allah said, "I am as My servant t hinks of Me.'')

The Necessity of Holding to the Path of Allah and the Community of the Believers Allah said next ,

び∇やヲ⊥ホゲｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ∇らエ ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ハや∠ヱぴ (And hold fast , all of you t oget her, t o t he Rope of Allah, and be not divided among yourselves.) It was said t hat ,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ∇らエ ∠ よ͡ ぴ (t o t he Rope of Allah) refers t o Allah's covenant , j ust as Allah said in t he following Ayah,

∇リョあ モ ∃ ∇らエ ∠ よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヘボ͡ を⊥ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ る⊥ ャｚグあ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろよ∠ ゲ͡ ッ ⊥ ぴ びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ モ ∃ ∇らェ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (Indignit y is put over t hem wherever t hey may be, except when under a covenant (of prot ect ion) from Allah, and from men;) 3:112 , in reference t o pledges and peace t reat ies. Allah's st at ement

び∇やヲ⊥ホゲｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and be not divided among yourselves), orders st icking t o t he communit y of t he believers and forbids division. There are several Hadit hs t hat require adhering t o t he Jama` ah (congregat ion of believers) and prohibit division. Muslim recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

:ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ テ ⊥ガ ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲΑ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» ∇ラぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ やヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲ∠Α ∇ラぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩やヲ⊥ホゲｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ぶ ͡ や モ ͡ ∇らエ ∠ よ͡ やヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇バゎ∠ :ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ テ ⊥ガ ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ .∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ロ⊥ ゅｚャヱ∠ ∇リョ∠ やヲ⊥エタ ∠ ゅ∠レゎ∠ «メゅ∠ヨ∇ャや る∠ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ッま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡メや∠ぽジ ぁ ャや り∠ ゲ∠ ∇んミ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠メゅ∠ホヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ (It pleases Allah for you t o acquire t hree qualit ies and displeases Him t hat you acquire t hree charact erist ics. It pleases Him t hat you worship Him Alone and not associat e anyt hing or anyone wit h Him in worship, t hat you hold on t o t he Rope of Allah alt oget her and do not divide, and t hat you advise whoever Allah appoint s as your Leader. The t hree t hat displease Him are t hat you say, ` It was said,' and, ` So-and-so said,' asking many unnecessary quest ions and wast ing money.) Allah said,

ブ ∠ ャｚほ∠プ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ギ∇ハぺ∠ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ∇クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ びゅ⇔ルや∠ヲ∇カま͡ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥わ∇エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ (and remember Allah's favor on you, for you were enemies one t o anot her but He j oined your heart s t oget her, so t hat , by His grace, you became bret hren) 3:103 . This was revealed about t he Aws and Khazraj . During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, t he Aws and Khazraj were at war and had great hat red, enmit y and ill feelings t owards each ot her, causing long conflict s and bat t les t o occur bet ween t hem. When Allah brought Islam, t hose among t hem who embraced it became brot hers who loved each ot her by Allah's grace, having good t ies for Allah's sake and helping each ot her in right eousness and piet y. Allah said,

リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ブ ∠ ャｚぺ∠ヲ∠ レ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダレ∠ よ͡ ポ ∠ ギ∠ Αｚ ぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ ろ ∠ ∇ヘャｚぺ∠ べｚョ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ろ ∠ ∇ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ブ ∠ ャｚぺ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ (He it is Who has support ed you wit h His Help and wit h t he believers. And He has unit ed t heir heart s. If you had spent all t hat is in t he eart h, you could not have unit ed t heir heart s, but Allah has unit ed t hem) 8:62,63 , unt il t he end of t he Ayah. Before Islam, t heir disbelief had t hem st anding at t he edge of a pit of t he Fire, but Allah saved t hem from it and delivered t hem t o fait h. The Messenger of Allah reminded t he Ansar from bot h Aws and Khazraj of t his bount y when he was dividing t he war boot y of Hunayn. During t hat t ime, some Ansar did not like t he way t he boot y was divided, since t hey did not get what t he ot hers did, alt hough t hat was what Allah direct ed His Prophet t o do. The Messenger of Allah gave t hem a speech, in which he said,

ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ミ⊥ や∠ギヰ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ャゅｚヤッ ⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ギィ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ダ∇ルほ∠∇ャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バョ∠ ゅ∠Α» る⇔ ャ∠ゅ∠ハヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡よ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ヘ∠ ャｚほ∠プ∠ リ ∠ Βホ͡ ゲあ ヘ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡よ «∨ヶ͡よ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ビほ∠プ∠ (O Ansar! Did I not find you misguided and Allah direct ed you t o guidance because of me Were you not divided beforehand and Allah unit ed you around me Were you not poor and Allah enriched you because of me) Whenever t he Prophet asked t hem a quest ion, t hey would answer, "Indeed, Allah and His Messenger have grant ed us bount y.''

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ リ⊥ムわ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ぴ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ キぁ ヲ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヂ ぁ Β∠ ∇らゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇れキｚ ヲ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヴ͡ヘプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇ろツ ｚ Β∠ ∇よや ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤ∇わ∠ル ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ び ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ョΙ ｙ や ノ⊥ ィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ (104.Let t here arise out of you a group of people invit ing t o all t hat is good (Islam), enj oining Al-Ma` ruf (all t hat Islam orders) and forbidding Al-Munkar (all t hat Islam has forbidden). And it is t hey who are t he successful.) (105. And be not as t hose who divided and differed among t hemselves aft er t he clear proofs had come t o t hem. It is t hey for whom t here is an awful t orment .) (106. On t he Day (i.e. t he Day of Resurrect ion) when some faces will become whit e and some faces will become black; as for t hose whose faces will become black (t o t hem will be said): "Did you rej ect fait h aft er accept ing it Then t ast e t he t orment (in Hell) for rej ect ing fait h.'') (107. And for t hose whose faces will become whit e, t hey will be in Allah's mercy (Paradise), t herein t hey shall dwell forever.) (108. These are t he Ayat of Allah. We recit e t hem t o you in t rut h, and Allah wills no inj ust ice t o t he ` Alamin.) (109. And t o Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h. And all mat t ers go back (f or decision) t o Allah.)

The Command to Establish the Invitation to Allah Allah said,

び∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ リ⊥ムわ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ぴ (Let t here arise out of you a group of people) t hat calls t o right eousness, enj oins all t hat is good and forbids evil in t he manner Allah commanded,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (And it is t hey who are t he successful.)

Ad-Dahhak said, "They are a special group of t he Companions and a special group of t hose aft er t hem, t hat is t hose who perform Jihad and t he scholars.'' The obj ect ive of t his Ayah is t hat t here should be a segment of t his Muslim Ummah fulfilling t his t ask, even t hough it is also an obligat ion on every member of t his Ummah, each according t o his abilit y. Muslim recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ユャ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ロ⊥ ∇ゲあΒピ∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ や⇔ゲム∠ ∇レョ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ン∠ぺケ∠ ∇リョ∠ » マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ヱ ∩͡ヮら͡ ∇ヤボ∠ ら͡ プ∠ ノ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ヮル͡ ゅ∠ジヤ͡ら͡ プ∠ ∇ノト ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ «ラゅ∠ヨΑ͡み∇ャや ブ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ッぺ∠ (Whoever among you wit nesses an evil, let him change it wit h his hand. If he is unable, t hen let him change it wit h his t ongue. If he is unable, t hen let him change it wit h his heart , and t his is t he weakest fait h.) In anot her narrat ion, The Prophet said,

«メ∠キ∇ゲカ ∠ る⊥ ｚらェ ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡み∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ￢∠ や∠ケヱ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ » (There is no fait h beyond t hat , not even t he weight of a must ard seed.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Hudhayfah bin Al-Yaman said t hat t he Prophet said,

∩͡フヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ｚラゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほわ∠ ャ∠ ∩ロ͡ギΒ∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ やリ ｚ ム∠ セ ͡ ヲ⊥Βャ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩͡ゲム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ヲ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇レわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ょ ∠ Β͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒⇒ｚレハ ⊥ ∇ギわ∠ ャ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡ロギ͡ ∇レハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ⇔よゅ∠ボハ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ «ユ⊥ムャ∠ (By He in Whose Hand is my soul! You will enj oin right eousness and forbid evil, or Allah shall send down a punishment from Him t o you. Then, you will supplicat e t o Him, but He will not accept your supplicat ion.) At -Tirmidhi also collect ed t his Hadit h and said, "Hasan''. There are many ot her Hadit hs and Ayat on t his subj ect , which will be explained lat er.

The Prohibition of Division Allah said,

ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びろ ⊥ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ (And be not as t hose who divided and differed among t hemselves aft er t he clear proofs had come t o t hem) 3:105 . In t his Ayah, Allah forbids t his Ummah from imit at ing t he division and discord of t he nat ions t hat came before t hem. These nat ions also abandoned enj oining right eousness and forbidding evil, alt hough t hey had proof of it s necessit y. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu ` Amir ` Abdullah bin Luhay said, "We performed Haj j wit h Mu` awiyah bin Abi Sufyan. When we arrived at Makkah, he st ood up aft er praying Zuhr and said, ` The Messenger of Allah said,

リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ∇レを͡ ヴヤ∠ハ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ Α͡キ ヶ͡プ やヲ⊥ホゲ∠ わ∠ ∇プや リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ゐ ∃ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ベ ⊥ ゲ͡ わ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ シ ∠ る∠ ョｚ ほ⊥∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩⇔るヤｚョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰヤぁミ⊥ ￢∠ や∠ヲ∇ワほ∠∇ャや ヶ͡レ∇バΑ∠ る⇔ ヤｚョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ヶ͡プ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΒ∠ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ ン∠ケゅ∠イわ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ￢⊥ や∠ヲ∇ワほ∠∇ャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ン∠ケゅ∠イゎ∠ ∀ュや∠ヲ∇ホ∠ぺ モ ∀ダ ͡ ∇ヘョ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∀ベ∇ゲ͡ハ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヴ∠ボ∇らΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩ヮ͡らェ ͡ ゅ∠ダよ͡ ょ ⊥ ヤ∠ム∠ ∇ャや «ヮ∠ヤカ ∠ キ∠ ゅｚャま͡ (The People of t he Two Script ures divided int o sevent y-t wo sect s. This Ummah will divide int o sevent y-t hree sect s, all in t he Fire except one, t hat is, t he Jama` ah. Some of my Ummah will be guided by desire, like one who is infect ed by rabies; no vein or j oint will be saved from t hese desires.) Mu` awiyah said next : By Allah, O Arabs! If you do not adhere t o what came t o you from your Prophet t hen ot her people are even more prone not t o adhere t o it . '' Similar was recorded by Abu Dawud from Ahmad bin Hanbal and Muhammad bin Yahya.

The Benefits of Brotherly Ties and Unity and the Consequence of Division on the Day of the Gathering

Allah said next ,

び∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ キぁ ヲ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヂ ぁ Β∠ ∇らゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day when some faces will become whit e and some faces will become black;) 3:106 on t he Day of Resurrect ion. This is when t he faces of followers of t he Sunnah and t he Jama` ah will radiat e wit h whit eness, and t he faces of followers of Bid` ah (innovat ion) and division will be darkened, as has been report ed from Ibn ` Abbas. Allah said,

ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇れキｚ ヲ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま (As for t hose whose faces will become black (t o t hem will be said): "Did you rej ect fait h aft er accept ing it ") Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "They are t he hypocrit es.''

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ ぴ (Then t ast e t he t orment (in Hell) for rej ect ing fait h,) and t his descript ion befit s every disbeliever.

∇ユワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヴ͡ヘプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇ろツ ｚ Β∠ ∇よや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (And for t hose whose faces will become whit e, t hey will be in Allah's mercy (Paradise), t herein t hey shall dwell forever.) in Paradise, where t hey will reside for et ernit y and shall never desire t o be removed. Abu ` Isa At -Tirmidhi recorded t hat Abu Ghalib said, "Abu Umamah saw heads (of t he Khawarij sect ) hanging on t he st reet s of Damascus. He comment ed, ` The Dogs of t he Fire and t he worst dead people under t he cover of t he sky. The best dead men are t hose whom t hese have killed.' He t hen recit ed,

び∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ キぁ ヲ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヂ ぁ Β∠ ∇らゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day (i.e. t he Day of Resurrect ion) when some faces will become whit e and some faces will become black;) unt il t he end of t he Ayah. I said t o Abu Umamah, ` Did you hear t his from t he Messenger of Allah' He said, ` If I only heard it from t he Messenger of Allah once, t wice, t hrice, four t imes, or seven t imes, I would not have narrat ed it t o you.' '' At -Tirmidhi said, "This Hadit h is Hasan.'' Ibn Maj ah and Ahmad recorded similarly.

Allah said,

びマ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤ∇わル∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ⊥ ⇒Α∠ へ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ (These are t he Ayat of Allah. We recit e t hem t o you) meaning, ` These are t he verses of Allah, His proofs and signs t hat We reveal t o you, O Muhammad,'

びペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よぴ (in t rut h) making known t he t rue realit y of t his world and t he Hereaft er.

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and Allah wills no inj ust ice t o t he ` Alamin. ) for He never t reat s t hem wit h inj ust ice. Rat her, He is t he Just Ruler Who is able t o do everyt hing and has knowledge of everyt hing. Therefore, He does not need t o t reat any of His creat ures wit h inj ust ice, and t his is why He said next ,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ (and t o Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he Eart h.), t hey are all His servant s and His propert y,

びケ⊥ ヲ⊥ョΕ ⊥ や ノ⊥ ィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And all mat t ers go back t o Allah,) for His is t he decision concerning t he affairs of t his life and t he Hereaft er, and His is t he Supreme Aut horit y in t his life and t he Hereaft er.

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ∇ろィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レゎ∠ ヱ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ リ∠ャ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠よキ⊥ Ι ｘ や ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ヲぁャヲ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ラま͡ヱ∠ ン⇔ク∠ぺ

Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヘボ͡ を⊥ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ る⊥ ャｚグあ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろよ∠ ゲ͡ ッ ⊥ -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α ょ ∃ ツ ∠ ピ∠ よ͡ やヱ⊥￢べ∠よヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ モ ∃ ∇らェ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ∇リョあ モ ∃ ∇らエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク る⊥ レ∠ ム∠ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろよ∠ ゲ͡ ッ ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠Βら͡ ∇ルΙ ｘやラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱｚ ∇や∇ヲダ ∠ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ペ ｙェ ∠ (110. You are t he best of peoples ever raised up for mankind; you enj oin Al-Ma` ruf (all t hat Islam has ordained) and forbid Al-Munkar (all t hat Islam has forbidden), and you believe in Allah. And had t he People of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) believed, it would have been bet t er for t hem; among t hem are some who have fait h, but most of t hem are Fasiqun (rebellious).) (111. They will do you no harm, barring a t rifling annoyance; and if t hey fight against you, t hey will show you t heir backs, and t hey will not be helped.) (112. They are st ricken wit h humilit y wherever t hey may be, except when under a covenant (of prot ect ion) from Allah, and a covenant from men; t hey have drawn on t hemselves t he wrat h of Allah, and dest it ut ion is put over t hem. This is because t hey disbelieved in t he Ayat of Allah and killed t he Prophet s wit hout right . This is because t hey disobeyed (Allah) and used t o t ransgress (t he limit s set by Allah).)

Virtues of the Ummah of Muhammad Nation Ever

, the Best

Allah st at es t hat t he Ummah of Muhammad is t he best nat ion ever,

びサ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ∇ろィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミぴ (You are t he best of peoples ever raised up for mankind) 3:110 . Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah comment ed on t his Ayah, "(You, Muslims, are) t he best nat ion of people for t he people, you bring t hem t ied in chains on t heir necks (capt ure t hem in war) and t hey lat er embrace Islam.'' Similar was said by Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` At iyah Al-` Awfi, ` Ikrimah, ` At a' and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas t hat ,

びサ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ∇ろィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミぴ (You are t he best of peoples ever raised up for mankind;) means, t he best of peoples for t he people. The meaning of t he Ayah is t hat t he Ummah of Muhammad is t he most right eous and beneficial nat ion for mankind. Hence Allah's descript ion of t hem,

ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レゎ∠ ヱ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヱ∠ (you enj oin Al-Ma` ruf and forbid Al-Munkar and believe in Allah) 3:110 . Ahmad, At -Tirmidhi, Ibn Maj ah, and Al-Hakim recorded t hat Hakim bin Mu` awiyah bin Haydah narrat ed t hat his fat her said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∩⇔るョｚ ぺ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ラヲぁプヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠» «モ∠ィヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ュ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ (You are t he final of sevent y nat ions, you are t he best and most honored among t hem t o Allah.) This is a well-known Hadit h about which At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan'', and which is also narrat ed from Mu` adh bin Jabal and Abu Sa` id. The Ummah of Muhammad achieved t his virt ue because of it s Prophet , Muhammad, peace be upon him, t he most regarded of Allah's creat ion and t he most honored Messenger wit h Allah. Allah sent Muhammad wit h t he perfect and complet e Law t hat was never given t o any Prophet or Messenger before him. In Muhammad's Law, few deeds t ake t he place of t he many deeds t hat ot her nat ions performed. For inst ance, Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Ali bin Abi Talib said, "The Messenger of Allah said,

«￢ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ テ ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ろ ⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥» (I was given what no ot her Prophet before me was given.) We said, ` O Messenger of Allah! What is it ' He said,

∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ウ ∠ Β͡ゎゅ∠ヘョ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩͡ょ∇ハゲぁ ャゅ͡よ れ ⊥ ∇ゲダ ͡ ル⊥ » ∩や⇔ケヲ⊥ヰデ ∠ ヶ͡ャ ゆ ⊥ や∠ゲわぁャや モ ∠ バ͡ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∠ギヨ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ろ ⊥ Βあヨシ ⊥ ヱ∠ «ユ∠ョほ⊥∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ (I was given vict ory by fear, I was given t he keys of t he eart h, I was called Ahmad, t he eart h was made a clean place for me (t o pray and perform Tayammum wit h it ) and my Ummah was made t he best Ummah.).'' The chain of narrat ion for t his Hadit h is Hasan. There are several Hadit hs t hat we should ment ion here.

The Two Sahihs recorded t hat Az-Zuhri said t hat , Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib said t hat Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t o him, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ∇らシ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∀り∠ゲ∇ョコ⊥ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ る∠ ⇒⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ » «ケ∇ギら∠ ∇ャや る∠ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや り∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ッま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ￢⊥ ヶ͡ツゎ⊥ ∩ゅ⇔ヘ∇ャぺ∠ :

: :

«ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ィや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» :

:

«る∠セゅｚムハ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ マ ∠ ボ∠ ら∠シ» (A group of sevent y t housand from my Ummah will ent er Paradise, while t heir faces are radiat ing, j ust like t he moon when it is full.'` Ukkashah bin Mihsan Al-Asadi st ood up, saying, ` O Messenger of Allah! Supplicat e t o Allah t hat I am one of t hem.' The Messenger of Allah said, ` O Allah! Make him one of t hem.' A man from t he Ansar also st ood and said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Supplicat e t o Allah t hat I am one of t hem.' The Messenger said, ` Ukkashah has beat en you t o it .')

Another Hadith that Establishes the Virtues of the Ummah of Muhammad in this Life and the Hereafter. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jabir said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ヶ͡レバ⊥ ら͡ わｚ Α∠ ∇リョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケほ∠ャ∠ ヶあルま͡» «る⇒⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ よ⊥ ケ⊥ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや メゅホ ユを ∩ゅルゲらムプ :メゅホ:

«サゅｚレャや ゑ ∠ ヤ⊥を⊥ やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケぺ∠» メゅホ ユを ∩ゅルゲらムプ :メゅホ:

«ゲ∇トゼ ｚ ャや やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケぺ∠» (` I hope t hat t hose who follow me will be one-fourt h of t he resident s of Paradise on t he Day of Resurrect ion.' We said, ` Allahu Akbar'. He t hen said, ` I hope t hat t hey will be one-t hird of t he people.' We said, ` Allahu Akbar'. He t hen said, ` I hope t hat you will be one-half.')'' Imam Ahmad recorded t he same Hadit h wit h anot her chain of narrat ion, and t his Hadit h meet s t he crit eria of Muslim in his Sahih. In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "The Messenger of Allah said t o us,

«∨͡る⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ノ∠ よ⊥ ケ⊥ やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲッ ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ョぺ∠» (Does it please you t hat you will be one-fourt h of t he people of Paradise) We said, ` Allahu Akbar!' He added,

«∨͡る⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ゑ ∠ ヤ⊥を⊥ やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲッ ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ョぺ∠» (Does it please you t hat you will be one-t hird of t he people of Paradise) We said, ` Allahu Akbar!' He said,

«∨͡る⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ゲ∠ ∇トセ ∠ やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケほ∠ャ∠ ヶあルま͡» (I hope t hat you will be half of t he people of Paradise.)'' Anot her Hadit h Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Buraydah said t hat t he Prophet said,

る⊥ ｚョほ⊥∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ ∩∠ブタ ∠ る⊥ も∠ ゅ͡ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ∇ゼハ ͡ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠» «ゅ６ヘタ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゅ∠ヨを∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ∇リョ͡ (The people of Paradise are one hundred and t went y rows, t his Ummah t akes up eight y of t hem.) Imam Ahmad also collect ed t his Hadit h t hrough anot her chain of narrat ion. At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah also collect ed t his Hadit h, and At -Tirmidhi said, ` This Hadit h is Hasan. ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat , t he Prophet said,

メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∩͡る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱｚ ほ∠∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ͡ べ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ » ∇リョ͡ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ギ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∩∠る⇒⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ⇔ャヲ⊥カキ⊥ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ルや∠ギヰ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レΒ͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ∠ヱ ゅ∠レヤ͡∇らホ∠ ∩͡ヮΒ͡プ やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや ヵ͡グャｚや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや や∠グヰ∠ プ∠ ∩あペエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ン∠ケゅ∠ダレｚ ヤ͡ャヱ∠ ∩͡キヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ や⇔ギビ ∠ ∩∀ノら∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ Βプ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや «ギ∠ビ (We (Muslims) are t he last t o come, but t he foremost on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and t he first people t o ent er Paradise, alt hough t he former nat ions were given t he Script ures before us and we aft er t hem. Allah gave us t he guidance of t rut h t hat t hey have been disput ing about . This (Friday) is t he Day t hat t hey have been disput ing about , and all t he ot her people are behind us in t his mat t er: t he Jews' (day of congregat ion is) t omorrow (Sat urday) and t he Christ ians' is t he day aft er t omorrow (Sunday). ) Al-Bukhari and Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h. Muslim recorded Abu Hurayrah saying t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱｚ ほ∠∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ͡ べ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ » «る⇒⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ (We (Muslims) are t he last (t o come), but (will be) t he foremost on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and will be t he first people t o ent er Paradise...) unt il t he end of t he Hadit h. These and ot her Hadit hs conform t o t he meaning of t he Ayah,

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ∇ろィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レゎ∠ ヱ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (You are t he best of peoples ever raised up for mankind; you enj oin Al-Ma` ruf (all t hat Islam has ordained) and forbid Al-Munkar (all t hat Islam has forbidden), and you believe in Allah). Therefore, whoever among t his Ummah acquires t hese qualit ies, will have a share in t his praise. Qat adah said, "We were t old t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab recit ed t his Ayah 3:110 during a Haj j t hat he performed, when he saw t hat t he people were rushing. He t hen said, ` Whoever

likes t o be among t his praised Ummah, let him fulfill t he condit ion t hat Allah set in t his Ayah.''' Ibn Jarir recorded t his. Those from t his Ummah who do not acquire t hese qualit ies will be j ust like t he People of t he Script ures whom Allah crit icized, when He said,

びロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゲ∃ ム∠ レぁョ リ∠ハ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ⇒∠レわ∠ Α∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミぴ (They did not forbid one anot her from t he Munkar which t hey commit t ed. ..) 5:79 . This is t he reason why, aft er Allah praised t he Muslim Ummah wit h t he qualit ies t hat He ment ioned, He crit icized t he People of t he Script ures and chast ised t hem, saying,

びょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And had t he People of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) believed) 3:110 , in what was sent down t o Muhammad ,

ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムャ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや (it would have been bet t er for t hem; among t hem are some who have fait h, but most of t hem are Fasiqun (rebellious).) Therefore only a few of t hem believe in Allah and in what was sent down t o you and t o t hem. The maj orit y of t hem follow deviat ion, disbelief, sin and rebellion.

The Good News that Muslims will Dominate the People of the Book While delivering t he good news t o His believing servant s t hat vict ory and dominance will be t heirs against t he disbelieving, at heist ic People of t he Script ures, Allah t hen said,

ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ヲぁャヲ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ン⇔ク∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ リ∠ャぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠よキ⊥ Ι ｘや (They will do you no harm, barring a t rifling annoyance; and if t hey fight against you, t hey will show you t heir backs, and t hey will not be helped.) 3:111 This is what occurred, for at t he bat t le of Khaybar, Allah brought humiliat ion and disgrace t o t he Jews. Before t hat , t he Jews in Al-Madinah, t he t ribes of Qaynuqa` , Nadir and Qurayzah, were also humiliat ed by Allah. Such was t he case wit h t he Christ ians in t he area of Ash-Sham

lat er on, when t he Companions defeat ed t hem in many bat t les and t ook over t he leadership of Ash-Sham forever. There shall always be a group of Muslims in Ash-Sham area unt il ` Isa, son of Maryam, descends while t hey are like t his on t he t rut h, apparent and vict orious . ` Isa will at t hat t ime rule according t o t he Law of Muhammad , break t he cross, kill t he swine, banish t he Jizyah and only accept Islam from t he people. Allah said next ,

∇リョあ モ ∃ ∇らエ ∠ よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヘボ͡ を⊥ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ る⊥ ャｚグあ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろよ∠ ゲ͡ ッ ⊥ ぴ びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ モ ∃ ∇らェ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (Indignit y is put over t hem wherever t hey may be, except when under a covenant (of prot ect ion) from Allah, and a covenant from men;) meaning, Allah has placed humiliat ion and disgrace on t hem wherever t hey may be, and t hey will never be safe,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ∇リョあ モ ∃ ∇らエ ∠ よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except when under a covenant from Allah,) under t he Dhimmah (covenant of prot ect ion) from Allah t hat requires t hem t o pay t he Jizyah (t ax, t o Muslims,) and makes t hem subservient t o Islamic Law.

びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ モ ∃ ∇らェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and a covenant from men;) meaning, covenant from men, such as pledges of prot ect ion and safet y offered t o t hem by Muslim men and women, and even a slave, according t o one of t he sayings of t he scholars. Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ モ ∃ ∇らェ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ∇リョあ モ ∃ ∇らエ ∠ よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except when under a covenant from Allah, and a covenant from men;) refers t o a covenant of prot ect ion from Allah and a pledge of safet y from people. Similar was said by Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, ` At a', Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, As-Suddi and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas. Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ょ ∃ ツ ∠ ピ∠ よ͡ やヱ⊥￢べ∠よヱ∠ ぴ (t hey have drawn on t hemselves t he wrat h of Allah,) means, t hey earned Allah's anger, which t hey deserved,

びる⊥ レ∠ ム∠ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろよ∠ ゲ͡ ッ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and dest it ut ion is put over t hem), meaning t hey deserve it by decree and legislat ively. Allah said next ,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ びペ ｙェ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠Βら͡ ∇ルΙ ｘや (This is because t hey disbelieved in t he Ayat of Allah and killed t he Prophet s wit hout right .) meaning, what drove t hem t o t his was t heir arrogance, t ransgression and envy, earning t hem humiliat ion, degradat ion and disgrace t hroughout t his life and t he Hereaft er. Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱｚ ∇やヲ∠ダハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (This is because t hey disobeyed and used t o t ransgress (t he limit s set by Allah).) meaning, what lured t hem t o disbelieve in Allah's Ayat and kill His Messengers, is t he fact t hat t hey oft en disobeyed Allah's commands, commit t ed His prohibit ions and t ransgressed His set limit s. We seek refuge from t his behavior, and Allah Alone is sought for each and every t ype of help.

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ も͡ べ∠ホ ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ￢⇔ へ∠ヲシ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ジ∇Βャ∠ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ￢∠ べ∠ルや∠￢ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゲ͡ ⇒∠ジΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ロ⊥ ヱゲ∠ヘ∇ムΑ⊥ ∇リヤ∠プ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ヴ ∠ レ͡ ∇ピゎ⊥ ∇リャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇レΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠

ゲｘ タ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ウ ∃ Α͡ケ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒͡ワ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わム∠ ヤ∠∇ワほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ゐ ∠ ∇ゲェ ∠ ∇ろよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ∠ニ ∠ (113. Not all of t hem are alike; a part y of t he People of t he Script ure st and for t he right , t hey recit e t he verses of Allah during t he hours of t he night , prost rat ing t hemselves in prayer.) (114. They believe in Allah and t he Last Day; t hey enj oin Al-Ma` ruf and forbid Al-Munkar; and t hey hast en in (all) good works; and t hey are among t he right eous.) (115. And what ever good t hey do, not hing will be rej ect ed of t hem; for Allah knows well t he Mut t aqin (t he pious).) (116. Surely, t hose who disbelieve, neit her t heir propert ies nor t heir offspring will avail t hem against Allah. They are t he dwellers of t he Fire, t herein t hey will abide.) (117. The parable of what t hey spend in t his world is t hat of a wind of Sir; it st ruck t he harvest of a people who did wrong against t hemselves and dest royed it . Allah wronged t hem not , but t hey wronged t hemselves.)

Virtues of the People of the Scriptures Who Embrace Islam Muhammad bin Ishaq and ot hers, including Al-` Awfi who report ed it from Ibn ` Abbas, said; "These Ayat were revealed about t he clergy of t he People of t he Script ures who embraced t he fait h. For inst ance, t here is ` Abdullah bin Salam, Asad bin ` Ubayd, Tha` labah bin Sa` yah, Usayd bin Sa` yah, and so fort h. This Ayah means t hat t hose among t he People of t he Book whom Allah rebuked earlier are not at all t he same as t hose among t hem who embraced Islam. Hence Allah's st at ement ,

び￢⇔ へ∠ヲシ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ジ∇Βャ∠ぴ (Not all of t hem are alike) 3:113 .'' Therefore, t hese t wo t ypes of people are not equal, and indeed, t here are believers and also criminals among t he People of t he Book, j ust as Allah said,

びる∀ ヨ∠ も͡ べ∠ホ ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ぴ (a part y of t he People of t he Script ure st and for t he right ) for t hey implement t he Book of Allah, adhere t o His Law and follow His Prophet Muhammad . Therefore, t his t ype is on t he st raight pat h,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ￢∠ べ∠ルや∠￢ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ ぴ (t hey recit e t he verses of Allah during t he hours of t he night , prost rat ing t hemselves in prayer.) They oft en st and in prayer at night for Tahaj j ud, and recit e t he Qur'an in t heir prayer,

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ぴ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゲ͡ ⇒∠ジΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ び ∠リΒ͡エ͡ヤ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∠マ͡ゃ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥∠ヱ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや (They believe in Allah and t he Last Day; t hey enj oin Al-Ma` ruf and forbid Al-Munkar; and t hey hast en in (all) good works; and t hey are among t he right eous) 3: 114 . This is t he same t ype of people ment ioned at t he end of t he Surah;

メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ヨャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャ リ ∠ Β͡バゼ ͡ ⇒∠カ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ (And t here are, cert ainly, among t he People of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians), t hose who believe in Allah and in t hat which has been revealed t o you, and in t hat which has been revealed t o t hem, humbling t hemselves before Allah.) 3:199 . Allah said here,

びロ⊥ ヱゲ∠ヘ∇ムΑ⊥ ∇リヤ∠プ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And what ever good t hey do, not hing will be rej ect ed of t hem;) 3:115 meaning, t heir good deeds will not be lost wit h Allah. Rat her, He will award t hem t he best rewards,

びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (for Allah knows well t he Mut t aqin (t he pious).) for no deed performed by any person ever escapes His knowledge, nor is any reward for t hose who do good deeds ever lost wit h Him. Allah ment ions t he disbelieving polyt heist s:

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ ∠ レ͡ ∇ピゎ⊥ リ∠ャぴ びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ (neit her t heir propert ies nor t heir offspring will avail t hem against Allah) 3:116 . meaning, not hing can avert Allah's t orment and punishment from st riking t hem,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (They are t he dwellers of t he Fire, t herein t hey will abide.)

The Parable of What the Disbelievers Spend in This Life Allah gave a parable for what t he disbelievers spend in t his life, as Muj ahid, Al-Hasan and AsSuddi said.

ウ ∃ Α͡ケ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒͡ワ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇レΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ぴ びゲｘ タ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (The likeness of what t hey spend in t his world is t he likeness of a wind of Sir;) a frigid wind, as Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and ot hers have said. ` At a' said t hat Sir, means, ` cold and snow.' Ibn ` Abbas and Muj ahid are also report ed t o have said t hat Sir means, ` fire'. This lat t er meaning does not cont radict t he meanings we ment ioned above, because ext reme cold weat her, especially when accompanied by snow, burns plant s and produce, and has t he same effect fire has on such growt h.

びヮ⊥ ∇わム∠ ヤ∠∇ワほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ゐ ∠ ∇ゲェ ∠ ∇ろよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ぴ (It st ruck t he harvest of a people who did wrong against t hemselves and dest royed it ) 3:117 , by burning. This Ayah ment ions a calamit y t hat st rikes produce t hat is ready t o harvest , dest roying it by burning and depriving it s owner of it when he needs it t he most . Such is t he case wit h t he disbelievers, for Allah dest roys t he rewards for t heir good deeds in t his life, j ust as He dest royed t he produce of t he sinner because of his sins. Bot h t ypes did not build t heir work on firm foundat ions,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah wronged t hem not , but t hey wronged t hemselves.)

∇ユム⊥ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ る⇔ ル∠ ゅ∠トよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ￢⊥ べ∠ツ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや れ ͡ ギ∠ よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∇ユわぁ レ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱぁキヱ∠ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠らカ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ャ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅｚレΒｚ よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ∇リョ͡

￢͡ Ι∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺべ∠ワ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ラま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤあミ⊥ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲぁツハ ∠ ∇や∇ヲヤ∠カ ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ボャ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヌ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ョ ∇モホ⊥ ナ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ モ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ルΙ ｘや ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ぽジ ⊥ ゎ∠ る∀ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ジジ ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ ラ͡ま - ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ る∀ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇らダ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲぁ ツ ⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ び ∀テΒ͡エョ⊥ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α (118. O you who believe! Take not as (your) Bit anah (advisors, helpers) t hose ot her t han your own, since t hey will not fail t o do t heir best t o corrupt you. They desire t o harm you severely. Hat red has already appeared from t heir mout hs, but what t heir breast s conceal is far worse. Indeed We have made plain t o you t he Ayat if you underst and.) (119. Lo! You are t he ones who love t hem but t hey love you not , and you believe in all t he Script ures. And when t hey meet you, t hey say, "We believe.'' But when t hey are alone, t hey bit e t heir Anamil at you in rage. Say: "Perish in your rage. Cert ainly, Allah knows what is in t he breast s (all t he secret s). '') (120. If a good befalls you, it grieves t hem, but if some evil overt akes you, t hey rej oice at it . But if you remain pat ient and have Taqwa, not t he least harm will t heir cunning do t o you. Surely, Allah surrounds all t hat t hey do.)

The Prohibition of Taking Advisors From Among the Disbelievers Allah forbids His believing servant s from t aking t he hypocrit es as advisors, so t hat t he hypocrit es do not have t he opport unit y t o expose t he secret s of t he believers and t heir plans against t heir enemies. The hypocrit es t ry t heir very best t o confuse, oppose and harm t he believers any way t hey can, and by using any wicked, evil means at t heir disposal. They wish t he very worst and difficult condit ions for t he believers. Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ る⇔ ル∠ ゅ∠トよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (Take not as (your) Bit anah t hose ot her t han your own) 3:118 , in reference t o t aking followers of ot her religions as consult ant s and advisors, for advisors of a cert ain person have access t o his most secret affairs. Al-Bukhari and An-Nasa'i recorded t hat , Abu Sa` id said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅｚャま͡ る∃ ヘ∠ Β͡ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ブ ∠ ヤ∠∇ガわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヶ ∠ ら͡ ル∠ ∇リョ͡ ぶ ⊥ やゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ョ» ヮ⊥ ぁツエ ⊥ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ∀るル∠ ゅ∠トよ͡ :ラ ͡ ゅ∠わル∠ ゅ∠トよ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∩͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁツエ ⊥ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ ヲぁジャゅ͡よ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ∀るル∠ ゅ∠トよ͡ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ «ぶや ユ∠ ダ ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ダ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (Allah has not sent any Prophet nor was t here any Khalifah but t hey have t wo t ypes of advisors, one t hat commands him wit h right eousness and advises it , and anot her t hat commands him wit h evil and advises him wit h it . Only t hose whom Allah gives immunit y are immune.) Ibn Abi Hat im report ed t hat Ibn Abi Ad-Dahqanah said, "` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab was t old, ` There is young man here from t he people of Hirah (in Iraq, who were Christ ians) who is a proficient scribe. Why do you not appoint him as a scribe' ` Umar said, ` I would t hen be t aking advisors from among t he disbelievers.''' This Ayah and t he st ory about ` Umar t est ify t o t he fact t hat Muslims are not allowed t o use Ahl Adh-Dhimmah t o be scribes in mat t ers t hat affect t he affairs of Muslims and expose t heir secret s, for t hey might convey t hese secret s t o combat ant disbelievers. This is why Allah said,

び∇ユわぁ レ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱぁキヱ∠ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠らカ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ャ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (since t hey will not fail t o do t heir best t o corrupt you. They desire t o harm you severely.) Allah t hen said,

ヴ͡ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ツ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや れ ͡ ギ∠ よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ びゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ (Hat red has already appeared from t heir mout hs, but what t heir breast s conceal is far worse.) meaning, enmit y appears on t heir faces and in what t hey somet imes ut t er, as well as, t he enmit y t hey have against Islam and it s people in t heir heart s. Since t his fact is apparent t o every person who has sound comprehension, t herefore,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ラま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚレΒｚ よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Indeed We have made plain t o you t he Ayat if you underst and.) Allah said next ,

び∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ￢͡ Ι∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺべ∠ワぴ (O! You are t he ones who love t hem but t hey love you not ), meaning, O believers! You like t he hypocrit es because you t hink t hey are believers, for t hey pret end t o be so, but t hey do not like you publicly or secret ly.

びヮ͡ ヤあミ⊥ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And you believe in all t he Script ures) meaning, you have no doubt in any part of Allah's Book, while t he hypocrit es have deep doubt s, confusion and reservat ions about it . Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

びヮ͡ ヤあミ⊥ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and you believe in all t he Script ures,) means, you believe in your Book, t heir Book, and t he previous Books, while t he hypocrit es disbelieve in your Book, and t his is why t hey deserve t hat you dislike t hem inst ead of t hem disliking you. Ibn Jarir collect ed t his st at ement .

ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲぁツハ ∠ ∇や∇ヲヤ∠カ ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ボャ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びナ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ モ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ルΙ ｘや (And when t hey meet you, t hey say, "We believe.'' But when t hey are alone, t hey bit e t heir Anamil at you in rage.) The word Anamil, means t he t ips of t he fingers, as Qat adah st at ed. This is t he behavior of t he hypocrit es who pret end t o be believers and kind when t hey are wit h t he believers, all t he while concealing t he opposit e in t heir heart s in every respect . This is t he exact sit uat ion t hat Allah describes,

びナ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ モ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ルΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲぁツハ ∠ ∇や∇ヲヤ∠カ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (But when t hey are alone, t hey bit e t heir Anamil at you in rage) and rage is ext reme anger and fury. Allah said t o t hem,

びケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヌ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Perish in your rage. Cert ainly, Allah knows what is in t he breast s (all t he secret s).'') for no mat t er how much you envy t he believers and feel rage t owards t hem, know t hat Allah shall

perfect His favor on His believing servant s, complet e His religion, raise high His Word and give dominance t o His religion. Therefore, O hypocrit es, die in rage,

びケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Allah knows what is in t he breast s.) Allah has perfect knowledge of what you conceal in your heart s and chest s and in t he rage, envy and hat red you have against t he believers. Allah will punish you for all t his in t his life, and t hey will have t he good t hat you dislike for t hem. In t he Hereaft er, you will suffer severe t orment in t he Fire where you will remain for et ernit y. Thereaft er, Allah said,

る∀ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇らダ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ぽジ ⊥ ゎ∠ る∀ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ジジ ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ (If a good befalls you, it grieves t hem, but if some evil overt akes you, t hey rej oice at it ) 3:120 . This only emphasizes t he severit y of t he enmit y t hat t he hypocrit es feel against t he believers. If t he believers enj oy fert ile years, vict ories, support and t heir numbers and following increase, t he hypocrit es become displeased. When t he Muslims suffer a drought or t heir enemies gain t he upper hand against t hem, by Allah's decree, j ust as occurred during t he bat t le of Uhud, t he hypocrit es become pleased. Allah said t o His believing servant s,

びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (But if you remain pat ient and have Taqwa, not t he least harm will t heir cunning do t o you.) Allah direct s t he believers t o safet y from t he wickedness of evil people and t he plot s of t he sinners, by recommending t hem t o revert t o pat ience and by having fear of Allah and t rust ing Him. Allah encompasses t he enemies of t he believers, all t he while t he believers have no power or st rengt h except from Him. What ever Allah wills, occurs, and what ever He does not will, does not occur. Not hing happens in His Kingdom except wit h His decision and according t o His decrees. Verily, whoever relies on Allah, Allah shall suffice for him. Allah t hen ment ions t he st ory of Uhud, t he defeat t hat He t est ed t he believers wit h, His dist inguishing t he believers from t he hypocrit es and t heir pat ience.

ギ∠ ハ ͡ ゅ∠ボョ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⊥ ンあヲら∠ ゎ⊥ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ れ ∠ ∇ヱギ∠ ビ ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わヘ∠ も͡ べｚデ ∇ろヨｚ ワ∠ ∇クま͡ - ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ メ ͡ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ヤャ͡

モ ͡ ミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ Βぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ Κ ∠ゼ ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ る∀ ャｚク͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ケ∃ ∇ギら∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ル∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ (121. And (remember) when you left your household in t he morning t o post t he believers at t heir st at ions for t he bat t le (of Uhud). And Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower.) (122. When t wo part ies from among you were about t o lose heart , but Allah was t heir Wali (Support er and Prot ect or). And in Allah should t he believers put t heir t rust .) (123. And Allah has already made you vict orious at Badr, when you were a weak lit t le force. So have Taqwa of Allah t hat you may be grat eful.)

The Battle of Uhud According t o t he maj orit y of scholars, t hese Ayat are describing t he bat t le of Uhud, as Ibn ` Abbas, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, As-Suddi and ot hers said. The bat t le of Uhud occurred on a Sat urday, in t he mont h of Shawwal on t he t hird year of Hij rah. ` Ikrimah said t hat Uhud occurred in t he middle of t he mont h of Shawwal, and Allah knows best .

The Reason Behind the Battle of Uhud The idolat ors suffered many casualt ies among t heir noble men at t he bat t le of Badr. The caravan t hat Abu Sufyan led (before Badr) ret urned safely t o Makkah, prompt ing t he remaining Makkan leaders and t he children of t hose who were killed at Badr t o demand from Abu Sufyan t o, "Spend t his money on fight ing Muhammad!'' Consequent ly, t hey spent t he money from t he caravan on warfare expenses and mobilized t heir forces including t he Ahabish t ribes (t ribes living around t he cit y). They gat hered t hree t housand soldiers and marched unt il t hey camped near Uhud facing Al-Madinah. The Messenger of Allah led t he Friday prayer and when he finished wit h it , he performed t he funeral prayer for a man from Bani An-Naj j ar called Malik bin ` Amr. The Prophet t hen asked t he Muslims for advice, if t hey should march t o meet t he disbelievers, or fort ify t hemselves in Al-Madinah. ` Abdullah bin Ubayy (t he chief hypocrit e) advised t hat t hey should remain in Al-Madinah, saying t hat if t he disbelievers lay siege t o AlMadinah, t he siege would be great ly disadvant ageous t o t hem. He added t hat if t hey decide t o at t ack Al-Madinah, it s men would face off wit h t hem, while women and children could t hrow rocks at t hem from above t heir heads; and if t hey decide t o ret urn t o Makkah, t hey would ret urn wit h failure. However, some companions who did not at t end t he bat t le of Badr advised t hat t he Muslims should go out t o Uhud t o meet t he disbelievers. The Messenger of Allah went t o his home, put on his shield and came out . The companions were weary t hen and said t o each ot her, "Did we compel t he Messenger of Allah t o go out '' They said, "O Messenger of Allah! If you wish, we will remain in Al-Madinah. '' The Messenger of Allah said,

ヴｚわェ ∠ ノ∠ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ョ∠ ∇ほャ∠ ザ ∠ ら͡ ャ∠ や∠クま͡ ヶ ∠ ら͡ レ∠ ャ͡ ヶ͡ピら∠ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ» «ヮ∠ャ ぶ ⊥ や ユ∠ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ (It is not for a Prophet t o wear his shield for war t hen lay down his arms before Allah decides in his favor.) The Messenger of Allah marched wit h a t housand of his Companions. When t hey reached t he Shawt area, ` Abdullah bin Ubayy went back t o Al-Madinah wit h a t hird of t he army, claiming he was angry t he Prophet did not list en t o his advice. He and his support ers said, "If we knew t hat you would fight t oday, we would have accompanied you. However, we do not t hink t hat you will fight t oday.'' The Messenger of Allah marched unt il he reached t he hillside in t he area of Uhud, where t hey camped in t he valley wit h Mount Uhud behind t hem. The Messenger of Allah said,

«メゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ほル∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ｚ ヤ∠ゎ͡ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» (No one st art s fight ing unt il I issue t he command t o fight .) The Messenger prepared his forces for bat t le, and his army was seven hundred men. He appoint ed ` Abdullah bin Jubayr, from Bani ` Amr bin ` Awf, t o lead t he archers who were fift y men. The Prophet said t o t hem,

∩∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡ら∠ ホ͡ ∇リョ͡ リ ｚ Β∠ ゎ∠ ∇ぽル⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ゅｚレハ ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや やヲ⊥エツ ∠ ∇ルや» ∩ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ る⊥ よ∠ ∇ヲｚレャや ろ ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラま͡ ∩∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ やヲ⊥ョゴ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ «ユ⊥ムル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ やヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇らゎ∠ ゅヤ∠プ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βｚトャや ゅ∠レヘ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Α∠ぺ∠ケ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ (Keep t he horsemen away from us, and be aware t hat we might be at t acked from your direct ion. If vict ory was for or against us, remain in your posit ions. And even if you see us being picked up by birds, do not abandon your posit ions.) The Prophet wore t wo prot ect ive shields and gave t he flag t o Mus` ab bin ` Umayr of Bani ` Abd Ad-Dar. The Prophet also allowed some young men t o part icipat e in fight ing, but not ot hers, whom he allowed t o part icipat e in t he bat t le of Al-Khandaq t wo years lat er. The Quraysh mobilized t heir forces of t hree t housand men wit h t wo hundred horsemen on each flank. They appoint ed Khalid bin Al-Walid t o lead t he right side of t he horsemen and ` Ikrimah Ibn Abi Jahl on t he left side. They also gave t heir grand flag t o t he t ribe of Bani ` Abd Ad-Dar. Allah willing, we will ment ion t he det ails of t his bat t le lat er on, if Allah wills. Allah said here,

ギ∠ ハ ͡ ゅ∠ボョ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⊥ ンあヲら∠ ゎ⊥ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ れ ∠ ∇ヱギ∠ ビ ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びメ ͡ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ヤャ͡ (And (remember) when you left your household in t he morning t o post t he believers at t heir st at ions for t he bat t le) 3:121 , designat ing t hem t o various posit ions, dividing t he army t o t he left and right sides and placing t hem wherever you command t hem.

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower), He hears what you say and knows what you conceal in your heart s. Allah said next ,

びΚ ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わヘ∠ も͡ べｚデ ∇ろヨｚ ワ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ (When t wo part ies from among you were about t o lose heart ,) 3:122 . Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said, "The Ayah,

びΚ ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わヘ∠ も͡ べｚデ ∇ろヨｚ ワ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ (When t wo part ies from among you were about t o lose heart ) was revealed about us, t he t wo Muslim t ribes of Bani Harit hah and Bani Salamah. I (or we) would not be pleased if it was not revealed, because Allah said in it ,

びゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ Βぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (but Allah was t heir Wali (Support er and Prot ect or)) 3:122 .'' Muslim recorded t his Hadit h from Sufyan bin ` Uyaynah.

Reminding the Believers of Their Victory at Badr Allah said,

びケ∃ ∇ギら∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ル∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(And Allah has already made you vict orious at Badr,) 3:123 meaning, during t he bat t le of Badr, which occurred on a Friday, t he sevent eent h of Ramadan, in t he second year of Hij rah. The day of Badr is known as Yawm Al-Furqan t he Day of t he Clarificat ion , by which Allah gave vict ory and dominance t o Islam and it s people and disgraced and dest royed Shirk, even t hough t he Muslims were few. The Muslims numbered t hree hundred and t hirt een men, wit h t wo horses and sevent y camels. The rest were foot soldiers wit hout enough supplies for t he bat t le. The enemy army consist ed of nine hundred t o a t housand men, having enough shields and supplies, bat t le-ready horses and even various adornment s. However, Allah gave vict ory t o His Messenger , support ed His revelat ion, and illuminat ed success on t he faces of t he Prophet and his following. Allah also brought disgrace t o Shayat an and his army. This is why Allah reminded His believing servant s and pious part y of t his favor,

びる∀ ャｚク͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ケ∃ ∇ギら∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ル∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah has already made you vict orious at Badr, when you were a weak lit t le force), cwhen you were few t hen. This Ayah reminds t hem t hat vict ory is only from Allah, not because of a large army and adequat e supplies. This is why Allah said in anot her Ayah,

∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ リ ͡ ∇ピゎ⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇んミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇わら∠ イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇クま͡ リ ∃ ∇Βレ∠ ェ ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ (. .and on t he day of Hunayn (bat t le) when you rej oiced at your great number, but it availed you naught ) 9:25 , unt il,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful) 9:27 . Badr is an area bet ween Makkah and Al-Madinah and is known by t he well t hat bears it s name, which in t urn was so named aft er Badr bin An-Narayn, t he person who dug t he well.

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プぴ (So have Taqwa of Allah t hat you may be grat ef ul.) 3:123 , means, fulfill t he obligat ions of His obedience.

∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ｚギヨ͡ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ヘ∇ムΑ∠ ∇リャ∠ぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ ラ͡ま ヴ∠ヤよ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ャゴ∠ レ⊥ョ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ フ ∃ Ι ∠ や∠￢ る͡ を∠ Κ ∠ ん∠ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇キギ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲ͡ら∇ダ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ョヲあ ジ ∠ ョ⊥ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ フ ∃ Ιや∠￢ る͡ ジ ∠ ∇ヨガ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ ｚ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ノ∠ ト ∠ ∇ボΒ∠ ャ͡ - ユ͡ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ダｚレャや リ ∠ Β͡らも͡ べ∠カ ∇やヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Βプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ら͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔プ∠ゲデ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ Α⊥ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ゆ ⊥ あグバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ (124. (Remember) when you said t o t he believers, "Is it not enough for you t hat your Lord should help you wit h t hree t housand angels sent down'') (125. "But , if you hold on t o pat ience and have Taqwa, and t he enemy comes rushing at you; your Lord will help you wit h five t housand angels having marks (of dist inct ion).'') (126. Allah made it not but as a message of good news for you and as an assurance t o your heart s. And t here is no vict ory except from Allah, t he All-Might y, t he All-Wise.) (127. That He might cut off a part of t hose who disbelieve, or expose t hem t o infamy, so t hat t hey ret ire frust rat ed.) (128. Not for you is t he decision; whet her He t urns in mercy t o (pardon) t hem or punishes t hem; verily, t hey are t he wrongdoers.) (129. And t o Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h. He forgives whom He wills, and punishes whom He wills. And Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

The Support of the Angels The scholars of Tafsir differ over whet her t he promise cont ained in t hese Ayat referred t o t he bat t le of Badr or Uhud. The First View There are t wo opinions about t his, one of t hem saying t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ ((Remember) when you said t o t he believers) 3:124 , is relat ed t o His st at ement ,

びケ∃ ∇ギら∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ル∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah has already made you vict orious at Badr) 3:123 . This was report ed from Al-Hasan Al-Basri, ` Amr Ash-Sha` bi, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and several ot hers, Ibn Jarir also agreed wit h t his opinion. ` Abbad bin Mansur said t hat Al-Hasan said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ｚギヨ͡ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ヘ∇ムΑ∠ ∇リャ∠ぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ びる͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ フ ∃ Ι ∠ や∠￢ る͡ を∠ Κ ∠ ん∠ よ͡ ((Remember) when you said t o t he believers, "Is it not enough for you t hat your Lord should help you wit h t hree t housand angels'') 3:124 , is about t he bat t le of Badr; Ibn Abi Hat im also recorded t his st at ement . Ibn Abi Hat im t hen report ed t hat ` Amr Ash-Sha` bi said, "On t he day of Badr, t he Muslims received informat ion t hat Kurz bin Jabir (a prominent t ribe chief) was aiding t he idolat ors, and t his news was hard on t hem, so Allah revealed;

リ ∠ ョあ フ ∃ Ι ∠ や∠￢ る͡ を∠ Κ ∠ ん∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ｚギヨ͡ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ヘ∇ムΑ∠ ∇リャ∠ぺ∠ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ャゴ∠ レ⊥ョ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ("Is it not enough for you t hat your Lord (Allah) should help you wit h t hree t housand angels sent down''), unt il,

びリ ∠ Β͡ョヲあ ジ ∠ ョ⊥ ぴ (having marks (of dist inct ion)) 3:124,125 . The news of t he defeat of t he idolat ors at Badr reached Kurz and he did not reinforce t hem, and t hus, Allah did not reinforce t he Muslims wit h t he five (t housands of angels).'' As for Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, he said, "Allah support ed t he Muslims wit h one t housand (angels), t hen t he number reached t hree t housand, t hen five t housand.'' If one asks, according t o t his opinion, how can we combine bet ween t his Ayah and Allah's st at ement about Badr,

∇ユミ⊥ ぁギヨ͡ ョ⊥ ヶあルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥んΒ͡ピわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡プキ͡ ∇ゲョ⊥ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ブ ∃ ∇ャほ∠よ͡ ((Remember) when you sought help of your Lord and He answered you (saying): "I will help you wit h a t housand angels, each behind t he ot her (f ollowing one anot her) in succession.'') 8:9 , unt il,

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ぴ (Verily! Allah is All-Might y, All-Wise) We say t hat t he one t housand ment ioned here does not cont radict t he t hree t housand ment ioned in t he above Ayah 3:124 . The word "in succession'' means t hey follow each ot her and t hus indicat es t hat t housands more will follow t hem. The t wo Ayat above 8:9 and 3:124 are similar in meaning and it appears t hat t hey bot h were about t he bat t le of Badr, because t he angels did fight in t he bat t le of Badr, as t he evidence indicat es. Allah knows best . Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ラ͡ま ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ぴ (But if you hold on t o pat ience and have Taqwa,) 3:125 means, if you observe pat ience while fight ing t he enemy, all t he while fearing Me and obeying My command. Al-Hasan, Qat adah, ArRabi` and As-Suddi said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey will come rushing) means, t hey (angels) will rush t o you inst ant aneously. Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah means, "All at once''. It is also said t hat it means, before t heir anger subsides (against t he disbelievers). The Second View The second opinion st ipulat es t hat t he promise ment ioned here part icipat ing in bat t le is relat ed t o Allah's st at ement ,

concerning t he angels

ギ∠ ハ ͡ ゅ∠ボョ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⊥ ンあヲら∠ ゎ⊥ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ れ ∠ ∇ヱギ∠ ビ ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びメ ͡ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ヤャ͡ (And (remember) when you left your household in t he morning t o post t he believers at t heir st at ions for t he bat t le) of Uhud. However, we should add, t he angels did not come t o t he aid of Muslims at Uhud, because Allah made it condit ional,

び∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ラ͡ま ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ぴ (But if you hold on t o pat ience and have Taqwa) 3: 125 . The Muslims were not pat ient at Uhud. Rat her, t hey ran away and, consequent ly, did not receive t he support of even one angel. Allah's st at ement ,

る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ フ ∃ Ιや∠￢ る͡ ジ ∠ ∇ヨガ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇キギ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ョヲあ ジ ∠ ョ⊥ (your Lord will help you wit h five t housand angels having marks), of dist inct ion. Abu Ishaq As-Subay` i said; from Harit hah bin Mudarrib said t hat ` Ali bin Abi Talib said, "The angels were dist inguished by wearing whit e wool at Badr.'' The angels also had special markings dist inguishing t heir horses. Allah said,

∇ユム⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ ｚ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ よ͡ (Allah made it not but as a message of good news for you and as an assurance t o your heart s) 3:126 . This Ayah means, "Allah sent down angels and t old you about t heir descent t o encourage you and t o comfort and reassure your heart s. You should know t hat vict ory only comes from Allah and t hat if He willed, He would have defeat ed your enemy wit hout you having t o fight t hem.'' For inst ance, Allah said aft er commanding t he believers t o fight ,

ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ ャ∂ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ わ∠ ∇ルΙ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠よ ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ダΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΒ∠ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ｚモツ ͡ Α⊥ び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰプ∠ ゲｚ ハ ∠ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや

(But if it had been Allah's will, He Himself could cert ainly have punished t hem (wit hout you). But (He let s you fight ) in order t o t est some of you wit h ot hers. But t hose who are killed in t he way of Allah, He will never let t heir deeds be lost . He will guide t hem and set right t heir st at e. And admit t hem t o Paradise which He has made known t o t hem) 47:4-6 . This is why Allah said here,

∇ユム⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ ｚ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ユ͡ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ダｚレャや ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ヮ͡ よ͡ (Allah made it not but as a message of good news for you and as an assurance t o your heart s. And t here is no vict ory except from Allah, t he All-Might y, t he All-Wise) 3:126 . This Ayah means, "Allah is t he Almight y Whose power can never be undermined, and He has t he perfect wisdom in His decrees and in all His decisions.'' Allah said,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔プ∠ゲデ ∠ ノ∠ ト ∠ ∇ボΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ (That He might cut off a part of t hose who disbelieve,) 3:127 meaning, out of His wisdom, He commands you t o perform Jihad and t o fight . Allah t hen ment ions t he various consequences of performing Jihad against t he disbelievers. For inst ance, Allah said,

びゅ⇔プ∠ゲデ ∠ ノ∠ ト ∠ ∇ボΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ (That He might cut off a part ...) meaning, t o cause a part of a nat ion t o perish,

び∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ら͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョあ ぴ (of t hose who disbelieve, or expose t hem t o infamy,) by disgracing t hem and forcing t hem t o ret urn wit h only t heir rage, having failed in t heir aim t o harm you. This is why Allah said next ,

び∇やヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Βプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ら͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or expose t hem t o infamy, so t hat t hey ret ire) t o go back t o t heir land,

びリ ∠ Β͡らも͡ べ∠カぴ

(frust rat ed) wit hout achieving t heir aims. Allah t hen ment ions a st at ement t hat t est ifies t hat t he decision in t his life and t he Hereaft er is for Him Alone wit hout part ners,

び∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ (Not for you is t he decision) 3:128 meaning, "The mat t er is all in My Hand.'' Allah also said,

びゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プぴ (your dut y is only t o convey (t he Message) and on Us is t he reckoning.) 13:40 , and,

び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ やギ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ (Not upon you is t heir guidance, but Allah guides whom He wills.) 2:272 , and,

リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇らら∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ン͡ギ∇ヰゎ∠ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ (Verily, you guide not whom you like, but Allah guides whom He wills) 28: 56 . Muhammad bin Ishaq said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

び∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ (Not for you is t he decision;), means, "No part of t he decision regarding My servant s is yours, except what I command you.'' Allah t hen ment ions t he rest of t he consequences of Jihad,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (whet her He pardons t hem) concerning t he act s of disbelief t hat t hey commit , t hus delivering t hem from misguidance t o t he guidance.

び∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ Α⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or punishes t hem;) in t his life and t he Hereaft er because of t heir disbelief and errors,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (verily, t hey are t he wrongdoers), and t hus, t hey deserve such a fat e. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat , Salim bin ` Abdullah said t hat his fat her said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah saying -- when he raised his head from bowing in t he second unit of t he Faj r prayer -- "O Allah! Curse so-and-so,'' aft er saying; Sami` Allahu Liman Hamidah, Rabbana wa lakal-Hamd. Thereaft er, Allah revealed t his Ayah,

び∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ (Not for you is t he decision;) This was also recorded by An-Nasa'i. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Salim bin ` Abdullah said t hat his fat her said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

∩∃ュゅ∠ゼワ͡ リ ∠ ∇よ ゐ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠エ∇ャや リ ͡ バ∠ ∇ャや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ∇リバ∠ ∇ャや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» ラ ∠ や∠ヲ∇ヘタ ∠ ∇リバ∠ ∇ャや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩ヱ∃ゲ∇ヨハ ∠ リ ∠ ∇よ モ ∠ ∇Βヰ∠ シ ⊥ ∇リバ∠ ∇ャや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや «るｚΒョ∠ ぺ⊥ リ ∠ ∇よ (O Allah! Curse so-and-so. O Allah! Curse Al-Harit h bin Hisham. O Allah! Curse Suhayl bin ` Amr. O Allah! Curse Safwan bin Umayyah.) Thereaft er, t his Ayah was revealed;

∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ Α⊥ (Not for you is t he decision; whet her He t urns in mercy t o (pardon) t hem or punishes t hem; verily, t hey are t he wrongdoers) 3:128 . All t hese persons were pardoned (aft er t hey embraced Islam lat er on).

Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat when Allah's Messenger would supplicat e against or for someone, he would do so when he was finished bowing and saying; Sami` Allahu Liman Hamidah, Rabbana wa lakal-Hamd. He would t hen say, (t he Qunut )

ュ∃ ゅ∠ゼワ͡ リ ∠ ∇よ る∠ ヨ∠ ヤ∠シ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ギΒ͡ャヲ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇よ ギ∠ Β͡ャヲ∠ ∇ャや ア ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» リ ∠ ョ͡ ∠リΒ͡ヘ∠バ∇ツ∠わ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩∠るバ∠ Β͡よケ∠ ヶ͡よぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇よ ス ∠ ゅｚΒハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ゲツ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴヤ∠ハ マ ∠ ゎ∠ ほ∠∇デヱ∠ ∇キギ⊥ ∇セや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや «ブ⊥シヲ⊥Α ヶ͡レジ ͡ ミ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レシ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ (O Allah! Save Al-Walid bin Al-Walid, Salamah bin Hisham, ` Ayyash bin Abi Rabi` ah and t he weak and t he helpless people among t he fait hful believers. O Allah! Be hard on t he t ribe of Mudar and let t hem suffer from years of famine like t hat of t he t ime of Yusuf. ) He would say t his supplicat ion aloud. He somet imes would supplicat e during t he Dawn prayer, "O Allah! Curse so-and-so (persons),'' ment ioning some Arab t ribes. Thereaft er, Allah revealed,

び∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ (Not for you is t he decision.) Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Hamid and Thabit said t hat , Anas bin Malik said t hat t he Prophet was inj ured during t he bat t le of Uhud and said,

«∨∇ユヰ⊥ Βｚ ら͡ ル∠ やヲぁイセ ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ » (How can a people achieve success aft er having inj ured t heir Prophet ) Thereaft er,

び∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ (Not for you is t he decision,) was revealed. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas said t hat , t he Prophet 's front t oot h was broken during t he bat t le of Uhud and he also sust ained inj uries on his forehead unt il blood dripped on his face. The Prophet said,

∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ Βあ ら͡ レ∠ よ͡ や∠グワ やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ » «∨ｚモィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴャ͡ま (How can a people achieve success aft er having done t his t o t heir Prophet who is calling t hem t o t heir Lord, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored) Allah revealed,

∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ Α⊥ (Not for you is t he decision; whet her He t urns in mercy t o (pardons) t hem or punishes t hem; verily, t hey are t he wrongdoers.) Muslim also collect ed t his Hadit h. Allah t hen said,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ (And t o Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he Eart h.) 3:129 , everyt hing is indeed t he propert y of Allah and all are servant s in His Hand.

び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ゆ ⊥ あグバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ぴ (He forgives whom He wills, and punishes whom He wills.) for His is t he decision and none can resist His decision. Allah is never asked about what He does, while t hey will be asked,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (and Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

ゅ⇔ヘ⇒∠バ∇ッぺ∠ ゅ∠よゲあ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱ る⇔ ヘ∠ バ∠ ⇒∠ツョぁ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ∇れギｚ ハ ͡ ぺ⊥ ヴ͡わャｚや

∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ り∃ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ハケ͡ ゅ∠シヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇れギｚ ハ ͡ ぺ⊥ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰッ ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ る∃ レｚ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ͡￢へｚゲツ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ へｚゲジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ͡ハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヘ⇒∠バ∇ャや∠ヱ ナ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ Β͡ヨヌ ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや∠ヱ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ ゼ ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ∠ ク∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱぁゲダ ͡ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ゆヲ⊥ルグぁ ャや ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ リあョ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ∇ユワ⊥ ぼ⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ びリ ∠ Β͡ヤヨ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ユ∠ ∇バル͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (130. O you who believe! Do not consume Riba doubled and mult iplied, but fear Allah t hat you may be successful.) (131. And fear t he Fire, which is prepared for t he disbelievers.) (132. And obey Allah and t he Messenger t hat you may obt ain mercy.) (133. And march fort h in t he way (which leads t o) forgiveness from your Lord, and for Paradise as wide as t he heavens and t he eart h, prepared for t he Mut t aqin (t he pious).) (134. Those who spend (in Allah's cause) in prosperit y and in adversit y, who repress anger, and who pardon men; verily, Allah loves t he Muhsinin (t he good-doers).) (135. And t hose who, when t hey have commit t ed Fahishah (immoral sin) or wronged t hemselves wit h evil, remember Allah and ask forgiveness for t heir sins; and none can forgive sins but Allah, and do not persist in what (wrong) t hey have done, while t hey know.) (136. For such, t he reward is forgiveness from t heir Lord, and Gardens wit h rivers flowing underneat h (Paradise), wherein t hey shall abide forever. How excellent is t his reward for t he doers (of good).)

Interest (Riba) is Prohibited Allah prohibit s His believing servant s from dealing in Riba and from requiring int erest on t heir capit al, j ust as t hey used t o do during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah. For inst ance, when t he t ime t o pay a loan comes, t he credit or would say t o t he debt or, "Eit her pay now, or t he loan will incur int erest .'' If t he debt or asks for deferment of t he loan, t he credit or would require int erest and t his would occur year aft er year unt il t he lit t le capit al becomes mult iplied many t imes. Allah also commands His servant s t o have Taqwa of Him so t hat t hey may achieve success in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Allah also t hreat ens t hem wit h t he Fire and warns t hem against it , saying,

∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ∇れギｚ ハ ͡ ぺ⊥ ヴ͡わャｚや ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや (And fear t he Fire, which is prepared for t he disbelievers. And obey Allah and t he Messenger t hat you may obt ain mercy.) 3:131,132 .

The Encouragment to Do Good for which Paradise is the Result Allah encourages His servant s t o perform right eous deeds and t o rush t o accomplish t he act s of obedience. Allah said,

ゅ∠ヰッ ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ る∃ レｚ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ り∃ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ハケ͡ ゅ∠シヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ∇れギｚ ハ ͡ ぺ⊥ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (And march fort h in t he way (which leads t o) forgiveness from your Lord, and for Paradise as wide as t he heavens and t he eart h, prepared for t he Mut t aqin (t he pious)) 3:133 . Just as t he Fire was prepared for t he disbelievers. It was report ed t hat t he meaning of Allah's st at ement ,

びチ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰッ ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ぴ (as wide as t he heavens and t he eart h) draws t he at t ent ion t o t he spaciousness of Paradise. For inst ance, Allah said in anot her Ayah, while describing t he couches of Paradise,

びベ ∃ ゲ∠ ∇らわ∠ ∇シま͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰレ⊥ ͡もべ∠ト∠よぴ (lined wit h silk brocade) 55:54 , so what about t heir out er covering It was also said t hat Paradise is as wide as it s lengt h, because it is a dome under t he Throne. The widt h and lengt h of a dome or a circle are t he same in dist ance. This is support ed by what is found in t he Sahih;

ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∠サ∇ヱキ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ャや ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ャほ∠∇シゅ∠プ る∠ ⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ぶ ∠ や ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ や∠クま͡» ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ ゲ⊥ イ ｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや テ ⊥シ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡る⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∇ハ∠ぺ «リ∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ス ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰヘ⊥ ∇ボシ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや

(When you ask Allah for Paradise, ask Him for Al-Firdaws which is t he highest and best part of Paradise. From it originat e t he rivers of Paradise, and above it is t he Throne of t he Most Beneficent (Allah).) This Ayah 3:133 above is similar t o Allah's st at ement in Surat Al-Hadid,

ゅ∠ヰッ ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ る∃ レｚ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ り∃ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボよ͡ ゅ∠シぴ びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや チ ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ミ∠ (Race wit h one anot her in hast ening t owards forgiveness from your Lord (Allah), and Paradise t he widt h whereof is as t he widt h of t he heaven and t he Eart h) 57:21 . Al-Bazzar recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat a man came t o t he Messenger of Allah and asked him, about Allah's st at ement ,

びチ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰッ ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ る∃ レｚ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Paradise as wide as t he heavens and t he Eart h) 3:133 ; "Where is t he Fire t hen'' The Prophet said,

リ ∠ ∇Αほ∠プ∠ ∩∃￢∇ヶセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ザ ∠ ら͡ ャ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ や∠クま͡ モ ∠ ∇Βヤｚャや ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠» «∨⊥ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや (When t he night comes, it overt akes everyt hing, so where is t he day) The man said, "Where Allah want s it t o be.'' The Prophet said,

«モ∠ィヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ » (Similarly, t he Fire is where Allah want s it t o be.) This Hadit h has t wo possible meanings. First , when we do not see t he night during t he day, t his does not mean t hat t he day is not somewhere else, even t hough we cannot see it . Such is t he case wit h Hell-fire, for it is where Allah want s it t o be. The second meaning is t hat when t he day overcomes t his part of t he world, t he night overt akes t he ot her part . Such is t he case wit h Paradise, for it is in t he ut most height s above t he heavens and under t he Throne. The widt h of Paradise is, as Allah st at ed,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや チ ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (whereof is as t he widt h of t he heaven and t he Eart h) 57:21 .

The Fire, on t he ot her hand, is in t he lowest of lows. Therefore, Paradise being as wide as t he heavens and Eart h does not cont radict t he fact t hat t he Fire exist s wherever Allah wills it t o be. Allah said, while describing t he people of Paradise,

び͡￢へｚゲツ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ へｚゲジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who spend (in Allah's cause) in prosperit y and in adversit y) 3:134 , in hard t imes and easy t imes, while act ive (or ent husiast ic) and ot herwise, healt hy or ill, and in all condit ions, j ust as Allah said in anot her Ayah,

や６ゲシ ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ びる⇔ Β∠ ル͡ Κ ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ (Those who spend t heir wealt h (in Allah's cause) by night and day, in secret and in public) 2:274 These believers are never dist ract ed from obeying Allah, spending on what pleases Him, being kind t o His servant s and t heir relat ives, and ot her act s of right eousness. Allah said,

びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ͡ハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヘ⇒∠バ∇ャやヱ∠ ナ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ Β͡ヨヌ ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや∠ヱぴ (who repress anger, and who pardon men;) 3:134 for when t hey are angry, t hey cont rol t heir anger and do act upon it . Rat her, t hey even forgive t hose who hurt t hem. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,

ヵ͡グャｚや ギ∠ Α͡ギゼ ｚ ャや リ ｚ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ ∩͡るハ ∠ ゲ∠ ダ ぁ ャゅ͡よ ギ⊥ Α͡ギゼ ｚ ャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠» «ょ∠ツピ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ (The st rong person is not he who is able t o physically overcome people. The st rong person is he who overcomes his rage when he is angry.) This Hadit h is also recorded in t he Two Sahihs. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇リョ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ロ⊥ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ノ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔ゲジ ͡ ∇バョ⊥ ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ り∃ ヲ∠ ∇よゲ∠ よ͡ ∀ラ∇ゴ∠ェ る͡ ⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∩∠ユレｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ウ ͡ ∇Βプ∠

ヶ ∠ ホ͡ ヱ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ギ⊥ Β͡バジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ .り∃ ヲ∠ ∇ヰジ ∠ よ͡ ∀モ∇ヰ∠シ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ∠ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ∇ゲィ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ょ ぁ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ る∃ ハ ∠ ∇ゲィ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩∠リわ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ャや ほ∠ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ぶ ͡ ∀ギ∇ら∠ハ ゅ∠ヰヨ∠ ヌ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩∀ギ∇らハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ͡ヌ∇ム∠Α ナ ∃ ∇Βビ ∠ «ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ヮ⊥ プ∠ ∇ヲィ ∠ (He who gives t ime t o a debt or or forgives him, t hen Allah will save him from t he heat of Jahannam (Hell-fire). Behold! The deeds of Paradise are difficult t o reach, for t hey are on t op of a hill, while t he deeds of t he Fire are easy t o find in t he lowlands. The happy person is he who is saved from t he t est s. Verily, t here is no dose of anyt hing bet t er t o Allah t han a dose of rage t hat t he servant cont rols, and whenever t he servant of Allah cont rols it , he will be int ernally filled wit h fait h.) This Hadit h was recorded by Imam Ahmad, it s chain of narrat ion is good, it does not cont ain any disparraged narrat ors, and t he meaning is good. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Sahl bin Mu` adh bin Anas said t hat his fat her said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ロ⊥ ゅ∠ハキ∠ ロ⊥ グ∠ ヘ͡ ∇レΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ∀ケ͡キゅ∠ホ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヌ∇Βビ ∠ ユ∠ ヌ ∠ ミ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ヵ あ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Βあ ガ ∠ Α⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ペ ͡ も͡ ゅ∠ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや サ ͡ ヱ⊥ぼケ⊥ ヴヤ∠ハ ぶ ⊥ や «￢ゅ∠セ ケ͡ ヲ⊥エ∇ャや (Whoever cont rolled rage while able t o act upon it , t hen Allah will call him while all creat ion is a wit ness, unt il He gives him t he choice of any of t he Huris (fair females wit h wide, lovely eyes - as mat es for t he pious) he wishes.) Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah collect ed t his Hadit h, which At -Tirmidhi said was "Hasan Gharib''. Ibn Marduwyah recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇リョ͡ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ モ ∠ツ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ る∃ ハ ∠ ∇ゲィ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀ギ∇ら∠ハ ネ ∠ ゲｚ イ ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ» «ぶや ヮ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや ゅ∠ヰヨ∠ ヌ ∠ ミ∠ ナ ∃ ∇Βビ ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ∇ゲィ ∠

(There is not a dose of anyt hing t hat t he servant t akes which is bet t er t han a dose of cont rol of rage t hat he feels, when he does it seeking Allah's Face.) Ibn Jarir and Ibn Maj ah also collect ed t his Hadit h. Allah said,

びナ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ Β͡ヨヌ ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや∠ヱぴ (who repress anger) meaning, t hey do not sat isf y t heir rage upon people. Rat her, t hey refrain from harming t hem and await t heir rewards wit h Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored. Allah t hen said,

びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ͡ハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヘ⇒∠バ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and who pardon men;) They forgive t hose who t reat t hem wit h inj ust ice. Therefore, t hey do not hold any ill feelings about anyone in t heir heart s, and t his is t he most excellent conduct in t his regard. This is why Allah said,

びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (verily, Allah loves t he Muhsinin (t he good-doers)). This good conduct is a t ype of Ihsan excellence in t he religion . There is a Hadit h t hat reads,

∩∃るホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀メゅ∠ョ ゾ ∠ ボ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ :リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ ∀ゐゅ∠ヤ∠を» ぶ ͡ ノ∠ ッ ∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩や６ゴハ ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ヲ∃ ∇ヘバ∠ よ͡ や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や キ∠ や∠コ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ «ぶや ヮ⊥ バ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ (I swear regarding t hree mat t ers: no charit y shall ever decrease t he wealt h; whenever one forgives people, t hen Allah will magnify his honor; and he who is humble for Allah, t hen Allah will raise his rank.) Allah said,

∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ ゼ ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ∠ ク∠

(And t hose who, when t hey have commit t ed Fahishah or wronged t hemselves wit h evil, remember Allah and ask forgiveness for t heir sins) 3:135 . Therefore, if t hey commit an error t hey follow it wit h repent ance and ask forgiveness. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,

ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ ろ ⊥ ∇らル∠ ∇クぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ ょ ∠ ル∠ ∇クぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ モ͡ヨハ ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ :モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩⊥ロ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プ れ ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ビ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∠ ∇ルグｚ ャや ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ６よ∠ケ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡バ∠ プ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヶあルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ へ ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩ヵ͡ギ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ :ヴャゅ∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩⊥ロ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プ ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ ∩ヵ͡ギ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ れ ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ビ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∠ ∇ルグｚ ャや ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ６よケ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヶあルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ へ ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ :モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩ヶ͡ャ ロ⊥ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プ ∩ヵ͡ギ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ れ ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ビ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∠ ∇ルグｚ ャや ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ６よケ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヶあルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ へ ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ :モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩ヶ͡ャ ロ⊥ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プ ∇ギホ∠ ヶあルぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇セぺ⊥ ∩͡ヮよ͡ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∠ ∇ルグｚ ャや ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ６よケ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ «￢ゅ∠セ ゅ∠ョ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ れ ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ビ ∠ (A man once commit t ed an error and said, ` O Lord! I commit t ed an error, so forgive me.' Allah said, ` My servant commit t ed an error and knew t hat he has a Lord Who forgives or punishes for t he error. I have forgiven My servant .' The man commit t ed anot her error and said, ` O Lord! I commit t ed an error, so forgive me.' Allah said, ` My servant knew t hat he has a Lord Who forgives or punishes for t he sin. I have forgiven My servant .' The man commit t ed anot her error and said, ` O Lord! I commit t ed an error, so forgive me.' Allah said, ` My servant knew t hat he has a Lord Who forgives or punishes for t he error. I have forgiven my servant .' He t hen commit t ed anot her error and said, ` O Lord! I commit t ed an error, so forgive me.' Allah said, ` My servant knew t hat he has a Lord Who forgives or punishes for t he error. Bear wit ness t hat I

have forgiven My servant , so let him do what ever he likes.') A similar narrat ion was collect ed in t he Sahih. ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said, "I was t old t hat when t he Ayah,

∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ ゼ ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ∠ ク∠ (And t hose who, when t hey have commit t ed Fahishah or wronged t hemselves wit h evil, remember Allah and ask forgiveness for t heir sins,) was revealed, Iblis (Shayat an) cried.'' Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ゆヲ⊥ルグぁ ャや ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and none can forgive sins but Allah), means t hat none except Allah forgives sins. t Allah said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱぁゲダ ͡ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And do not persist in what (wrong) t hey have done, while t hey know), for t hey repent from t heir error, ret urn t o Allah before deat h, do not insist on error, and if t hey err again, t hey repent from it . Allah said here,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (while t hey know) Muj ahid and ` Abdullah bin ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr comment ed, "Whoever repent s, t hen Allah will forgive him.'' Similarly, Allah said,

びロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ る∠ よ∠ ∇ヲわｚ ャや モ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Know t hey not t hat Allah accept s repent ance from His servant s) 9:104 , and,

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ユヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ͡ イ ͡ Α∠ (And whoever does evil or wrongs himself but aft erwards seeks Allah's forgiveness, he will find Allah Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) 4: 110 and t here are several examples similar t o t his Ayah.

Next , Allah said aft er t his descript ion,

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ∇ユワ⊥ ぼ⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (For such, t he reward is forgiveness from t heir Lord) 3:136 , as a reward for t hese qualit ies,

ゅ∠ヰわ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ぴ びゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘや (forgiveness from t heir Lord, and Gardens wit h rivers flowing underneat h (Paradise)) carrying all kinds of drinks,

びべ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カぴ (wherein t hey shall abide forever) and ever,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤヨ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ユ∠ ∇バル͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (How excellent is t his reward for t he doers) Allah praises Paradise in t his part of t he Ayah.

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡ジプ∠ ∀リ∠レシ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ ∀ラゅ∠Β∠よ や∠グ⇒∠ワ - リ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルゅ∠プ びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ る∀ ヌ ∠ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤあャ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ラ ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠∇ハΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ わ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ やヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ やヲ⊥レヰ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∀ゥ∇ゲ∠ホ ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ザ ｚ ョ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∀ゥ∇ゲ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ジジ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ラ͡ま - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅヰ∠ ャ⊥ヱ͡ や∠ギル⊥ ュ⊥ ゅｚΑΙ ｘやマ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや

ペ ∠エ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゾ ∠ エ あ ヨ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ユ͡ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ヤゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇ヲレｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ (137. Many similar ways (and mishaps of life) were faced by nat ions (believers and disbelievers) t hat have passed away before you, so t ravel t hrough t he eart h, and see what was t he end of t hose who denied.) (138. This is a plain st at ement for mankind, a guidance and inst ruct ion for t he Mut t aqin.) (139. So do not become weak, nor be sad, and you will be t riumphant if you are indeed believers.) (140. If a wound has t ouched you, be sure a similar wound has t ouched t he ot hers. And so are t he days, t hat We give t o men by t urns, t hat Allah may know (t est ) t hose who believe, and t hat He may t ake mart yrs from among you. And Allah likes not t he wrongdoers.) (141. And t hat Allah may t est t hose who believe and dest roy t he disbelievers.). (142. Do you t hink t hat you will ent er Paradise before Allah knows (t est s) t hose of you who performed Jihad and knows (t est s) t hose who are pat ient ) (143. You did indeed wish for deat h before you met it . Now you have seen it openly wit h your own eyes.)

The Wisdom Behind the Losses Muslims Suffered During Uhud Allah st at es t o His believing servant s who suffered losses in t he bat t le of Uhud, including sevent y dead,

び∀リ∠レシ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Many similar ways (and mishaps of life) were faced before you), for t he previous nat ions who followed t heir Prophet s before you, t hey t oo suffered losses. However, t he good end was t heirs, and t he ult imat e defeat was for t he disbelievers. This is why Allah said,

る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルゅ∠プ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡ジプ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや (so t ravel t hrough t he eart h, and see what was t he end of t hose who denied). Allah said next ,

びサ ͡ ゅｚレヤあャ ∀ラゅ∠Β∠よ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (This is a plain st at ement for mankind), meaning, t he Qur'an explains t he t rue realit y of t hings and narrat es how t he previous nat ions suffered by t he hands of t heir enemies.

びる∀ ヌ ∠ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And a guidance and inst ruct ion) for t he Qur'an cont ains t he news of t he past , and,

びン⇔ギワ⊥ ぴ (guidance) for your heart s,

びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ る⇔ ヌ ∠ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and inst ruct ion for t he Mut t aqin) t o discourage commit t ing t he prohibit ed and forbidden mat t ers. Allah comfort s t he believers by saying,

び∇やヲ⊥レヰ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (So do not become weak), because of what you suffered,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ラ ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠∇ハΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ わ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ やヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor be sad, and you will be t riumphant if you are indeed believers), for surely, t he ult imat e vict ory and t riumph will be yours, O believers.

びヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ ∀ゥ∇ゲ∠ホ ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ザ ｚ ョ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∀ゥ∇ゲ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ジジ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ラ͡まぴ (If a wound has t ouched you, be sure a similar wound has t ouched t he ot hers) 3:140 . Therefore, t he Ayah says, if you suffered inj uries and some of you were killed, t hen your enemies also suffered inj uries and fat alit ies.

びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ⊥ヱ͡ や∠ギル⊥ ュ⊥ ゅｚΑΙ ｘやマ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And so are t he days, t hat We give t o men by t urns) , and at t imes -- out of wisdom -- We allow t he enemy t o overcome you, alt hough t he final good end will be yours.

び∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat Allah may know (t est ) t hose who believe,) meaning, "So t hat We find out who would be pat ient while fight ing t he enemies,'' according t o Ibn ` Abbas.

び￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat He may t ake mart yrs from among you) t hose who would be killed in Allah's cause and gladly offer t heir lives seeking His pleasure.

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゾ ∠ エ あ ヨ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ヲ∠ レ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ び∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ (And Allah likes not t he wrongdoers. And t hat Allah may t est t hose who believe) 3:140,141 , by forgiving t hem t heir sins if t hey have any. Ot herwise, Allah will raise t heir grades according t o t he losses t hey suffered. Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ペ ∠エ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and dest roy t he disbelievers), for it is t heir conduct t hat if t hey gain t he upper hand, t hey t ransgress and commit aggression. However, t his conduct only leads t o ult imat e dest ruct ion, ext erminat ion, perishing and dying out . Allah t hen said,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ͡ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィ (Do you t hink t hat you will ent er Paradise before Allah knows (t est s) t hose of you who will perform Jihad and (also) knows (t est s) t hose who are t he pat ient ) 3:142 . The Ayah asks, do you t hink t hat you will ent er Paradise wit hout being t est ed wit h warfare and hardships Allah said in Surat Al-Baqarah,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ん∠ ｚョ ユ⊥ムゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ ￢⊥ へｚゲツ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠シ∇ほら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇わｚジｚョ ユ⊥ムヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇や∇ヲヤ∠カ ∠ び∇やヲ⊥ャゴ͡ ∇ャコ⊥ ヱ∠ (Or t hink you t hat you will ent er Paradise wit hout such (t rials) as came t o t hose who passed away before you They were afflict ed wit h severe povert y and ailment s and were so shaken. ..) 2:214 . Allah said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ユャやぴ (Alif Lam Mim. Do people t hink t hat t hey will be left alone because t hey say: "We believe,'' and will not be t est ed) 29:1,2 , This is why He said here,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ͡ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィ (Do you t hink t hat you will ent er Paradise before Allah knows (t est s) t hose of you who will perform Jihad and (also) knows (t est s) t hose who are t he pat ient ) 3:142 meaning, you will not earn Paradise unt il you are t est ed and t hus Allah knows who among you are t he ones who st ruggle and fight in His cause and are pat ient in t he face of t he enemy. Allah said,

∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ヤゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇ヲレｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ (You did indeed wish for deat h (mart yrdom) before you met it . Now you have seen it openly wit h your own eyes) 3:143 . The Ayah proclaims, O believers! Before t oday, you wished t hat you could meet t he enemy and were eager t o fight t hem. What you wished has occurred, so fight t hem and be pat ient . In t he Two Sahihs it is recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∠るΒ∠ プ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ャや ぶ ∠ や やヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩あヱギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ ゅ∠ボャ͡ や∇ヲレｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ る∠ ⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇ハや∠ヱ ∩やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠ «フヲ⊥Βジ ぁ ャや メ ͡ ゅ∠ヤニ ͡ (Do not wish t o encount er t he enemy, and ask Allah for your well-being. However, if you do encount er t hem, t hen observe pat ience and know t hat Paradise is under t he shade of swords.) This is why Allah said here,

びロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Now you have seen it ): deat h, you saw it when t he swords appeared, t he blades were sharpened, t he spears crisscrossed and men st ood in lines for bat t le. This part of t he Ayah cont ains a figure of speech t hat ment ions imagining what can be felt but not seen.

モ ⊥シ ⊥ ぁゲャや ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らヤ∠ボ∠ ルや モ ∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ れ ∠ ゅｚョ リ∇Α͡みプ∠ぺ ン͡ゴ∇イΒ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ｚゲツ ⊥ Α∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βら∠ ボ͡ ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ょヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Α Ι ｚ ま͡ れ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゆ ∠ や∠ヲを∠ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ Κ ⇔ィ ｚ ぽ∠ ョぁ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ぶや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや ゆ ∠ や∠ヲを∠ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ モ ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヴ ｙ ら͡ ルｚ リあョ リあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャや ン͡ゴ∇イレ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ べ∠ヨャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レワ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁΒよあ ケ͡ ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ⊥ ッ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゅ∠レよｚ ケ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠∇ヲホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや

ゅ∠レョ∠ や∠ギ∇ホぺ∠ ∇ろらあ を∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レプ∠ や∠ゲ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎゅ∇⇒プ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲダ ⊥ ルやヱ ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや ゆ ͡ や∠ヲを∠ リ ∠ ∇ジェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゆ ∠ や∠ヲを∠ びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや (144. Muhammad is no more t han a Messenger, and indeed Messengers have passed away before him. If he dies or is killed, will you t hen t urn back on your heels And he who t urns back on his heels, not t he least harm will he do t o Allah; and Allah will reward t he grat eful. ) (145. And no person can ever die except by Allah's leave and at an appoint ed t erm. And whoever desires a reward in t he world, We shall give him of it ; and whoever desires a reward in t he Hereaft er, We shall give him t hereof. And We shall reward t he grat eful.) (146. And many a Prophet fought and along wit h him many Ribbiyyun. But t hey never lost heart for t hat which befall t hem in Allah's way, nor did nor t hey weaken nor degrade t hemselves. And Allah loves t he pat ient .) (147. And t hey said not hing but : "Our Lord! Forgive us our sins and our t ransgressions, est ablish our feet firmly, and give us vict ory over t he disbelieving folk.'') (148. So Allah gave t hem t he reward of t his world, and t he excellent reward of t he Hereaft er. And Allah loves t he gooddoers.)

The Rumor that the Prophet was Killed at Uhud When Muslims suffered defeat in bat t le at Uhud and some of t hem were killed, Shayt an shout ed, "Muhammad has been killed.'' Ibn Qami'ah went back t o t he idolat ors and claimed, "I have killed Muhammad.'' Some Muslims believed t his rumor and t hought t hat t he Messenger of Allah had been killed, claiming t hat t his could happen, for Allah narrat ed t hat t his occurred t o many Prophet s before. Therefore, t he Muslims' resolve was weakened and t hey did not act ively part icipat e in bat t le. This is why Allah sent down t o His Messenger His st at ement ,

びモ ⊥シ ⊥ ぁゲャや ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (Muhammad is no more t han a Messenger, and indeed Messengers have passed away before him.) he is t o deliver Allah's Message and may be killed in t he process, j ust as what happened t o many Prophet s before. Ibn Abi Naj ih said t hat his fat her said t hat a man from t he Muhaj irin passed by an Ansari man who was bleeding (during Uhud) and said t o him, "O fellow! Did you know t hat Muhammad was killed'' The Ansari man said, "Even if Muhammad was killed, he has indeed conveyed t he Message. Therefore, defend your religion.'' The Ayah,

びモ ⊥シ ⊥ ぁゲャや ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (Muhammad is no more t han a Messenger, and indeed (many) Messengers have passed away before him), was revealed. This st ory was collect ed by Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bayhaqi in Dala'il An-Nubuwwah.

Allah said next , while chast ising t hose who became weak,

び∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らヤ∠ボ∠ ルや モ ∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ れ ∠ ゅｚョ リ∇Α͡みプ∠ぺぴ (If he dies or is killed, will you t hen t urn back on your heels), become disbelievers,

ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ｚゲツ ⊥ Α∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βら∠ ボ͡ ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ょヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Α リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ン͡ゴ∇イΒ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ (And he who t urns back on his heels, not t he least harm will he do t o Allah; and Allah will give reward t o t hose who are grat eful), t hose who obeyed Allah, defended His religion and followed His Messenger whet her he was alive or dead. The Sahih, Musnad and Sunan collect ions gat hered various chains of narrat ion st at ing t hat Abu Bakr recit ed t his Ayah when t he Messenger of Allah died. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` A'ishah said t hat Abu Bakr came riding his horse from his dwelling in As-Sunh. He dismount ed, ent ered t he Masj id and did not speak t o anyone unt il he came t o her in her room and went direct ly t o t he Prophet , who was covered wit h a marked blanket . Abu Bakr uncovered his face, knelt down and kissed him, t hen st art ed weeping and proclaimed, "My fat her and my mot her be sacrificed for you! Allah will not combine t wo deat hs on you. You have died t he deat h, which was writ t en for you.'' Ibn ` Abbas narrat ed t hat Abu Bakr t hen came out , while ` Umar was addressing t he people, and Abu Bakr t old him t o sit down but ` Umar refused, and t he people at t ended t o Abu Bakr and left ` Umar. Abu Bakr said, "To proceed; whoever among you worshipped Muhammad, t hen Muhammad is dead, but whoever worshipped Allah, Allah is alive and will never die. Allah said,

モ ⊥シ ⊥ ぁゲャや ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らヤ∠ボ∠ ルや モ ∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ れ ∠ ゅｚョ リ∇Α͡みプ∠ぺ ン͡ゴ∇イΒ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ｚゲツ ⊥ Α∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βら∠ ボ͡ ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ょヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Α びリ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (Muhammad is no more t han a Messenger and indeed (many) Messengers have passed away before him. If he dies or is killed, will you t hen t urn back on your heels And he who t urns back on his heels, not t he least harm will he do t o Allah; and Allah will reward t he grat eful.)'' The narrat or added, "By Allah, it was as if t he people never knew t hat Allah had revealed t his verse before unt il Abu Bakr recit ed it , and t hen whoever heard it , st art ed recit ing it .'' Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib said t hat ` Umar said, "By Allah! When I heard Abu Bakr recit e t his Ayah, my feet could not hold me, and I fell t o t he ground.'' Allah said,

ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ぶや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ れ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びΚ ⇔ィ ｚ ぽ∠ ョぁ (And no person can ever die except by Allah's leave and at an appoint ed t erm.) 3:145 meaning, no one dies except by Allah's decision, aft er he has finished t he t erm t hat Allah has dest ined for him. This is why Allah said,

びΚ ⇔ィ ｚ ぽ∠ ョぁ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ぴ (at an appoint ed t erm) which is similar t o His st at ement s,

Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ヨ⊥ ハ ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゾ ⊥ ボ∠ レΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ヨｚ バ∠ ョぁ リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ ｚヨバ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ (And no aged man is grant ed a lengt h of life nor is a part cut off from his life, but it is in a Book) 35:11 , and,

モ ∀ィ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ ｚユを⊥ リ ∃ Β͡デ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ びロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヴ６ヨジぁョ (He it is Who has creat ed you from clay, and t hen has decreed a (st at ed) t erm (for you t o die). And t here is wit h Him anot her det ermined t erm (for you t o be resurrect ed)) 6:2 . This Ayah 3:145 encourages cowards t o part icipat e in bat t le; for doing so, or avoiding bat t le neit her decreases, nor increases t he life t erm. Ibn Abi Hat im narrat ed t hat , Habib bin Suhban said t hat a Muslim man, Huj r bin ` Adi, said in a bat t le, "What prevent s you from crossing t his river (t he Euphrat es) t o t he enemy

ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ぶや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ れ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びΚ ⇔ィ ｚ ぽ∠ ョぁ (And no person can ever die except by Allah's leave and at an appoint ed t erm)'' He t hen crossed t he river riding his horse, and when he did, t he Muslims followed him. When t he enemy saw t hem, t hey st art ed shout ing, "Diwan (Persian; crazy),'' and t hey ran away.

Allah said next ,

ゆ ∠ や∠ヲを∠ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゆ ∠ や∠ヲを∠ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや (And whoever desires a reward in t he world, We shall give him of it ; and whoever desires a reward in t he Hereaft er, We shall give him t hereof). Therefore, t he Ayah proclaims, whoever works for t he sake of t his life, will only earn what Allah decides he will earn. However, he will not have a share in t he Hereaft er. Whoever works for t he sake of t he Hereaft er, Allah will give him a share in t he Hereaft er, along wit h what He decides for him in t his life. In similar st at ement s, Allah said,

ヮ͡ を͡ ∇ゲェ ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇キゴ͡ ル∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやゐ ∠ ∇ゲェ ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョぴ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゐ ∠ ∇ゲェ ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョヱ∠ びょ ∃ Β͡ダルｚ リ͡ョ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや (Whosoever desires (by his deeds) t he reward of t he Hereaft er, We give him increase in his reward, and whosoever desires t he reward of t his world (by his deeds), We give him t hereof (what is decreed for him), and he has no port ion in t he Hereaft er.) 42:20 , and,

￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤイ ｚハ ∠ る∠ ヤ∠イ ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リｚョぴ ゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ョ∇グ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ヤ∇ダΑ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲルぁ リ∠ヨャ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ∠ ∇バシ ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ヴ∠バシ ∠ ヱ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ケヲ⊥ェ∇ギョｚ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ム∇ゼョｚ ユ⊥ヰΒ⊥ ∇バシ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ほプ∠ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ (Whoever desires t he quick-passing (t ransit ory enj oyment of t his world), We readily grant him what We will for whom We like. Then, aft erwards, We have appoint ed for him Hell; he will burn t herein disgraced and despised. And whoever desires t he Hereaft er and st rives for it , wit h t he necessary effort due for it while he is a believer, t hen such are t he ones whose st riving shall be appreciat ed) 17:18-19 . In t his Ayah 3:145 , Allah said,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャや ン͡ゴ∇イレ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We shall reward t he grat eful. ) meaning, We shall award t hem wit h Our favor and mercy in t his life and t he Hereaft er, according t o t he degree of t heir appreciat ion of Allah and t heir good deeds. Allah t hen comfort s t he believers because of what t hey suffered in Uhud,

び∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁΒよあ ケ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ モ ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヴ ｙ ら͡ ルｚ リあョ リあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And many a Prophet fought and along wit h him many Ribbiyyun.) It was said t hat t his Ayah means t hat many Prophet s and t heir companions were killed in earlier t imes, as is t he view chosen by Ibn Jarir. It was also said t hat t he Ayah means t hat many Prophet s wit nessed t heir companions' deat h before t heir eyes. However, Ibn Ishaq ment ioned anot her explanat ion in his Sirah, saying t hat t his Ayah means, "Many a Prophet was killed, and he had many companions whose resolve did not weaken aft er t heir Prophet died, and t hey did not become feeble in t he face of t he enemy. What t hey suffered in Jihad in Allah's cause and for t he sake of t heir religion did not make t hem lose heart . This is pat ience,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (and Allah loves t he pat ient .)'' As-Suhayli agreed wit h t his explanat ion and defended it vigorously. This view is support ed by Allah saying;

び∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁΒよあ ケ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ぴ (And along wit h him many Ribbiyyun). In his book about t he bat t les, Al-Amawi ment ioned only t his explanat ion for t he Ayah. Sufyan At h-Thawri report ed t hat , Ibn Mas` ud said t hat ,

び∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁΒよあ ケ͡ ぴ (many Ribbiyyun) means, t housands. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Ikrimah, AlHasan, Qat adah, As-Suddi, Ar-Rabi` and ` At a' Al-Khurasani said t hat t he word Ribbiyyun means, ` large bands'. ` Abdur-Razzaq narrat ed t hat Ma` mmar said t hat Al-Hasan said t hat ,

び∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁΒよあ ケ͡ ぴ (many Ribbiyyun) means, many scholars. He also said t hat it means pat ient and pious scholars.

ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ べ∠ヨャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レワ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ び∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ⊥ ッ ∠ (But t hey never lost heart for t hat which befell t hem in Allah's way, nor did t hey weaken nor degrade t hemselves.) Qat adah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said t hat ,

び∇やヲ⊥ヘバ⊥ ッ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (nor did t hey weaken), means, aft er t heir Prophet was killed.

び∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムわ∠ ∇シや ゅョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor degrade t hemselves), by revert ing from t he t rue guidance and religion. Rat her, t hey fought on t he pat h t hat Allah's Prophet fought on unt il t hey met Allah. Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

び∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (nor degrade t hemselves) means, nor became humiliat ed, while As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd said t hat it means, t hey did not give in t o t he enemy.

ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁΒよあ ケ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ モ ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヴ ｙ ら͡ ルｚ リあョ リあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ⊥ ッ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ べ∠ヨャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レワ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠レプ∠ や∠ゲ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ゅ∠レよｚ ケ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠∇ヲホ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲダ ⊥ ルやヱ ゅ∠レョ∠ や∠ギ∇ホぺ∠ ∇ろらあ を∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (And Allah loves t he pat ient . And t hey said not hing but : "Our Lord! Forgive us our sins and our t ransgressions, est ablish our feet firmly, and give us vict ory over t he disbelieving folk.'') 3:146-147 , and t his was t he st at ement t hat t hey kept repeat ing. Therefore,

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゆ ∠ や∠ヲを∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎゅ∇⇒プ∠ ぴ (So Allah gave t hem t he reward of t his world) vict ory, t riumph and t he good end,

びり͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやゆ ͡ や∠ヲを∠ リ ∠ ∇ジェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t he excellent reward of t he Hereaf t er) added t o t he gains in t his life,

びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah loves t he good-doers).

∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡トゎ⊥ ラ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ よ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠カ ∇やヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠わプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱぁキゲ⊥ Α∠ ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ヴ͡ボ∇ヤレ⊥ シ ∠ -リ ∠ Α͡ゲダ ͡ ⇒ｚレャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ べヨ∠ よ͡ ょ ∠ ∇ハゲぁ ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン∠ヲ∇んョ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇メゴあ レ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∠ルヲぁジエ ⊥ ∠ゎ ∇クま͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ハゴ∠ ⇒∠レゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤゼ ͡ プ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ リｚョ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ゅｚョ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ケぺ∠ べ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βダ ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ プ∠ ゲ∠ タ ∠ ｚユを⊥ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ リｚョ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ⊥ク ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゅ∠ヘハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β∠ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇らΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ヲ∇ヤゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ∇ダゎ⊥ ∇クま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∂ ビ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠をほ∠プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ギ∃ ェ ∠ぺ

∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠プ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Κ ∠ ∇Βム∠ ャあ ユｙ ピ∠ よ͡ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (149. O you who believe! If you obey t hose who disbelieve, t hey will send you back on your heels, and you will t urn back as losers.) (150. Nay, Allah is your prot ect or, and He is t he best of helpers.) (151. We shall cast t error int o t he heart s of t hose who disbelieve, because t hey j oined ot hers in worship wit h Allah, for which He sent no aut horit y; t heir abode will be t he Fire and how evil is t he abode of t he wrongdoers.) (152. And Allah did indeed fulfill His promise t o you when you were killing t hem (your enemy) wit h His permission; unt il Fashilt um and fell t o disput ing about t he order, and disobeyed aft er He showed you what you love. Among you are some t hat desire t his world and some t hat desire t he Hereaft er. Then He made you flee from t hem, t hat He might t est you. But surely, He forgave you, and Allah is Most Gracious t o t he believers.) (153. (And remember) when you ran away wit hout even cast ing a side glance at anyone, and t he Messenger was in your rear calling you back. There did Allah give you one dist ress aft er anot her by way of requit al, t o t each you not t o grieve for t hat which had escaped you, nor for what st ruck you. And Allah is Well-Aware of all t hat you do.)

The Prohibition of Obeying the Disbelievers; the Cause of Defeat at Uhud Allah warns His believing servant s against obeying t he disbelievers and hypocrit es, because such obedience leads t o ut t er dest ruct ion in t his life and t he Hereaft er. This is why Allah said,

∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱぁキゲ⊥ Α∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡トゎ⊥ ラ͡まぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠カ ∇やヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠わプ∠ (If you obey t hose who disbelieve, t hey will send you back on your heels, and you will t urn back (from fait h) as losers) 3:149 . Allah also commands t he believers t o obey Him, t ake Him as t heir prot ect or, seek His aid and t rust in Him. Allah said,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲダ ͡ ⇒ｚレャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ よ∠ ぴ (Nay, Allah is your prot ect or, and He is t he best of helpers). Allah next conveys t he good news t hat He will put fear of t he Muslims, and feelings of subordinat ion t o t he Muslims in t he heart s of t heir disbelieving enemies, because of t heir Kufr and Shirk. And Allah has prepared t orment and punishment for t hem in t he Hereaft er. Allah said,

べ∠ヨよ͡ ょ ∠ ∇ハゲぁ ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゆ ͡ ヲヤ⊥ホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ヴ͡ボ∇ヤレ⊥ シ ∠ぴ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇メゴあ レ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ン∠ヲ∇んョ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや (We shall cast t error int o t he heart s of t hose who disbelieve, because t hey j oined ot hers in worship wit h Allah, for which He sent no aut horit y; t heir abode will be t he Fire and how evil is t he abode of t he wrongdoers). In addit ion, t he Two Sahihs recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

￢͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ト ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥» ∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∃ゲ∇ヰセ ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ Β͡ジョ∠ ょ ͡ ∇ハゲぁ ャゅ͡よ れ ⊥ ∇ゲダ ͡ ル⊥ :ヶ͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ ヶ ∠ ャ͡ ∇ろヤｚェ ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ケヲ⊥ヰデ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ギイ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヶ ∠ ャ͡ ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ヶ ぁ ら͡ レｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∩∠るハ ∠ ゅ∠ヘゼ ｚ ャや ろ ⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩⊥ユも͡ ゅ∠レピ∠ ∇ャや «るｚョゅ∠ハ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴャ͡ま ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ タ ｚ ゅ∠カ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴャ͡ま (I was given five t hings t hat no ot her Prophet before me was given. I was aided wit h fear t he dist ance of one mont h, t he eart h was made a Masj id and clean place for me, I was allowed war boot y, I was given t he Int ercession, and Prophet s used t o be sent t o t heir people, but I was sent t o all mankind part icularly.) Allah said,

びロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah did indeed fulfill His promise t o you) 3:152 , in t he beginning of t he day of Uhud,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲぁジエ ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ (when you were killing t hem), slaying your enemies,

びヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ぴ (wit h His permission), for He allowed you t o do t hat against t hem,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤゼ ͡ プ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il when you Fashilt um). Ibn Jurayj said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Fashilt um means, ` lost courage'.

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βダ ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ハゴ∠ ⇒∠レゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and fell t o disput ing about t he order, and disobeyed) such as t he mist ake made by t he archers,

びラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ゅｚョ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ケぺ∠ べ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョぴ (aft er He showed you what you love), t hat is, vict ory over t he disbelievers,

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ リｚョ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョぴ (Among you are some t hat desire t his world) referring t o t hose who sought t o collect t he boot y when t hey saw t he enemy being defeat ed,

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ プ∠ ゲ∠ タ ∠ ｚユを⊥ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ リｚョ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ Β∠ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇らΒ∠ ャ͡ (and some t hat desire t he Hereaft er. Then He made you flee from t hem, t hat He might t est you). This Ayah means, Allah gave t hem t he upper hand t o t ry and t est you, O believers,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゅ∠ヘハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (but surely, He forgave you),

He forgave t he error you commit t ed, because, and Allah knows best , t he idolat ors were many and well supplied, while Muslims had few men and few supplies. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Al-Bara' said, "We met t he idolat ors on t hat day (Uhud) and t he Prophet appoint ed ` Abdullah bin Jubayr as t he commander of t he archers. He inst ruct ed t hem, ` Ret ain your posit ion, and if you see t hat we have defeat ed t hem, do not abandon your posit ions. If you see t hat t hey defeat ed us, do not rush t o help us.' The disbelievers gave flight when we met t hem, and we saw t heir women fleeing up t he mount ain while lift ing up t heir clot hes revealing t heir anklet s and t heir legs. So, t he companions (of ` Abdullah bin Jubayr) said, ` The boot y, t he boot y!' ` Abdullah bin Jubayr said, ` Allah's Messenger commanded me not t o allow you t o abandon your posit ion.' They refused t o list en, and when t hey left t heir posit ion, Muslims were defeat ed and sevent y of t hem were killed. Abu Sufyan shout ed, ` Is Muhammad present among t hese people' The Prophet said, ` Do not answer him.' Then he asked, ` Is t he son of Abu Quhafah (Abu Bakr) present among t hese people' The Prophet said, ` Do not answer him.' He asked again, ` Is t he son of Al-Khat t ab (` Umar) present among t hese people As for t hese (men), t hey have been killed, for had t hey been alive, t hey would have answered me.' ` Umar could not cont rol himself and said (t o Abu Sufyan), ` You lie, O enemy of Allah! The cause of your misery is st ill present .' Abu Sufyan said, ` O Hubal, be high!' On t hat t he Prophet said (t o his Companions), ` Answer him back.' They said, ` What shall we say' He said, ` Say, Allah is Higher and more Sublime.' Abu Sufyan said, ` We have t he (idol) Al-` Uzza, and you have no ` Uzza.' The Prophet said, ` Answer him back.' They asked, ` What shall we say' He said, ` Say, Allah is our prot ect or and you have no prot ect or.' Abu Sufyan said, ` Our vict ory t oday is vengeance for yours in t he bat t le of Badr, and in war (t he vict ory) is always undecided and is shared in t urns by t he belligerent s. You will find some of your killed men mut ilat ed, but I did not urge my men t o do so, yet I do not feel sorry for t heir deed.''' Only Al-Bukhari collect ed t his Hadit h using t his chain of narrat ion. cMuhammad bin Ishaq said t hat , ` Abdullah bin AzZubayr narrat ed t hat Az-Zubayr bin Al-` Awwam said, "By Allah! I saw t he female servant s and female companions of Hind (Abu Sufyan's wife) when t hey uncovered t heir legs and gave flight . At t hat t ime, t here was no big or small effort separat ing us from capt uring t hem. However, t he archers went down t he mount when t he enemy gave flight from t he bat t lefield, seeking t o collect t he boot y. They uncovered our back lines t o t he horsemen of t he disbelievers, who t ook t he chance and at t acked us from behind. Then a person shout ed, ` Muhammad has been killed.' So we pulled back, and t he disbelievers followed us, aft er we had killed t hose who carried t heir flag, and none of t hem dared t o come close t he flag, unt il t hen.''' Muhammad bin Ishaq said next , "The flag of t he disbelievers was left on t he ground unt il ` Amrah bint ` Alqamah AlHarit hiyyah picked it up and gave it t o t he Quraysh who held it .'' Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ Β∠ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇らΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ プ∠ ゲ∠ タ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then He made you flee from t hem, t hat He might t est you) 3:152 . Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said, "My uncle Anas bin An-Nadr was absent from t he bat t le of Badr. He said, ` I was absent from t he first bat t le t he Prophet fought (against t he pagans). (By Allah) if Allah gives me a chance t o fight along wit h t he Messenger of Allah, t hen Allah will see how (bravely) I will fight .' On t he day of Uhud when t he Muslims t urned t heir backs and fled, he said, ` O Allah! I apologize t o You for what t hese (meaning t he Muslims) have done, and I denounce what t hese pagans have done.' Then he advanced lift ing his sword, and when Sa` d bin Mu` adh met him, he said t o him, ` O Sa` d bin Mu` adh! Where are you! Paradise! I am smelling it s aroma coming from before (Mount ) Uhud,' and he went fort h, fought and was killed. We found more t han eight y st ab wounds, sword blows or arrow holes on his body, which

was mut ilat ed so badly t hat none except his sist er could recognize him, and she could only do so by his fingers or by a mole.'' This is t he narrat ion report ed by Al-Bukhari, Muslim also collect ed a similar narrat ion from Thabit from Anas.

The Defeat that the Muslims Suffered During the Battle of Uhud Allah said,

びギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ヲ∇ヤゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ∇ダゎ⊥ ∇クま͡ぴ ((And remember) when you (Tus` iduna) ran away dreadfully wit hout cast ing even a side glance at anyone), and Allah made t he disbelievers leave you aft er you went up t he mount , escaping your enemy. Al-Hasan and Qat adah said t hat , Tus` iduna, means, ` go up t he mount ain'.

びギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ヲ∇ヤゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (wit hout even cast ing a side glance at anyone) meaning, you did not glance at anyone else due t o shock, fear and fright .

び∇ユミ⊥ や∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (and t he Messenger was in your rear calling you back), for you left him behind you, while he was calling you t o st op fleeing from t he enemy and t o ret urn and fight . As-Suddi said, "When t he disbelievers at t acked Muslim lines during t he bat t le of Uhud and defeat ed t hem, some Muslims ran away t o Al-Madinah, while some of t hem went up Mount Uhud, t o a rock and st ood on it . On t hat , t he Messenger of Allah kept heralding, ` Come t o me, O servant s of Allah! Come t o me, O servant s of Allah!' Allah ment ioned t hat t he Muslims went up t he Mount and t hat t he Prophet called t hem t o come back, and said,

メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ヲ∇ヤゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ∇ダゎ⊥ ∇クま͡ぴ び∇ユミ⊥ や∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ((And remember) when you ran away wit hout even cast ing a side glance at anyone, and t he Messenger was in your rear calling you back).'' Similar was said by Ibn ` Abbas, Qat adah, ArRabi` and Ibn Zayd.

The Ansar and Muhajirin Defended the Messenger

Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Qays bin Abi Hazim said, "I saw Talhah's hand, it was paralyzed, because he shielded t he Prophet wit h it .'' meaning on t he day of Uhud. It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Abu ` Ut hman An-Nahdi said, "On t hat day (Uhud) during which t he Prophet fought , only Talhah bin ` Ubaydullah and Sa` d remained wit h t he Prophet .'' Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib said, "I heard Sa` d bin Abi Waqqas saying, ` The Messenger of Allah gave me arrows from his quiver on t he day of Uhud and said, ` Shoot , may I sacrifice my fat her and mot her for you.''' Al-Bukhari also collect ed t his Hadit h. The Two Sahihs recorded t hat Sa` d bin Abi Waqqas said, "On t he day of Uhud, I saw t wo men wearing whit e clot hes, one t o t he right of t he Prophet and one t o his left , who were defending t he Prophet fiercely. I have never seen t hese men before or aft er t hat day.'' Meaning angels Jibril and Mika'il, peace be upon t hem. Abu Al-Aswad said t hat , ` Urwah bin Az-Zubayr said, "Ubayy bin Khalaf of Bani Jumah swore in Makkah t hat he would kill t he Messenger of Allah . When t he Messenger was t old of his vow, he said, ` Rat her, I shall kill him, Allah willing.' On t he day of Uhud, Ubayy came while wearing iron shields and proclaiming, ` May I not be saved, if Muhammad is saved.' He t hen headed t o t he direct ion of t he Messenger of Allah int ending t o kill him, but Mus` ab bin ` Umayr, from Bani Abd Ad-Dar, int ercept ed him and shielded t he Prophet wit h his body, and Mus` ab bin ` Umayr was killed. The Messenger of Allah saw Ubayy's neck exposed bet ween t he shields and helmet , st abbed him wit h his spear, and Ubayy fell from his horse t o t he ground. However, no blood spilled from his wound. His people came and carried him away while he was moaning like an ox. They said t o him, ` Why are you so anxious, it is only a flesh wound' Ubayy ment ioned t o t hem t he Prophet 's vow, ` Rat her, I shall kill Ubayy', t hen comment ed, ` By He in Whose Hand is my soul! If what hit me hit s t he people of Dhul-Maj az (a popular pre-Islamic market place), t hey would all have perished.' He t hen died and went t o t he Fire,

びゲ͡ Β͡バジ ｚ ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タΙ ６ ゅ⇔ボ∇エジ ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (So, away wit h t he dwellers of t he blazing Fire!) 67:11 .'' This was collect ed by Musa bin ` Uqbah from Az-Zuhri from Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib. It is recorded in t he Two Sahih t hat when he was asked about t he inj uries t he Messenger sust ained in Uhud , Sahl bin Sa` d said, "The face of Allah's Messenger was inj ured, his front t oot h was broken and his helmet was smashed on his head. Therefore, Fat imah, t he daught er of Allah's Messenger washed off t he blood while ` Ali was pouring wat er on her hand. When Fat imah saw t hat t he bleeding increased more by t he wat er, she t ook a mat , burnt it , and placed t he ashes in t he wound of t he Prophet and t he blood st opped oozing out .'' Allah said next ,

びユｙ ピ∠ よ͡ ゅ⇔ヨ∂ ビ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠をほ∠プ∠ ぴ (There did Allah give you one dist ress aft er anot her) 3:153 , He gave you grief over your grief. Ibn ` Abbas said, ` The first grief was because of t he defeat , especially when it was rumored t hat Muhammad was killed. The second grief was when t he idolat ors went up t he mount and The Messenger of Allah said, ` O Allah! It is not for t hem t o rise above us.'''

` Abdur-Rahman bin ` Awf said, "The first dist ress was because of t he defeat and t he second when a rumor st art ed t hat Muhammad was killed, which t o t hem, was worse t han defeat .'' Ibn Marduwyah recorded bot h of t hese. Muj ahid and Qat adah said, "The first dist ress was when t hey heard t hat Muhammad was killed and t he second when t hey suffered casualt ies and inj ury.'' It has also been report ed t hat Qat adah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said t hat it was t he opposit e order . As-Suddi said t hat t he first dist ress was because of t he vict ory and boot y t hat t hey missed and t he second because of t he enemy rising above t hem (on t he mount ). Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠プ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Κ ∠ ∇Βム∠ ャあぴ (by way of requit al t o t each you not t o grieve for t hat which had escaped you), for t hat you missed t he boot y and t riumph over your enemy.

び∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor for what st ruck you), of inj ury and fat alit ies, as Ibn ` Abbas, ` Abdur-Rahman bin ` Awf, AlHasan, Qat adah and As-Suddi st at ed. Allah said next ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is Well-Aware of all t hat you do.) all praise is due t o Him, and t hanks, t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Him, t he Most High, Most Honored.

ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ⇔シゅ∠バルぁ る⇔ レ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ユあ ピ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ｚユを⊥ ぴ ラ ∠ ヲぁレヌ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わヨｚ ワ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ る⇔ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レャｚ モ∠ワ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲボ⊥ Α∠ る͡ Βｚ ヤ͡ヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや リ ｚニ ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ヮ⊥ ｚヤミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョΙ ｘやラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇らΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ゅｚョ ユ͡ヰジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ヲャｚ モ⊥ホ ゅ∠レヰ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レ∇ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ゅｚョ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘや ∇ユヰ͡ バ͡ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ツョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ モ ⊥ ∇わボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや コ∠ ゲ∠ ら∠ ャ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ゾ ∠ エ あ ヨ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇らΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ - ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚャゴ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ボわ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ヘハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヂ ͡ ∇バら∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ェ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ (154. Then aft er t he dist ress, He sent down securit y for you. Slumber overt ook a part y of you, while anot her part y was t hinking about t hemselves and t hought wrongly of Allah -- t he t hought of ignorance. They said, "Have we any part in t he affair'' Say: "Indeed t he affair belongs wholly t o Allah.'' They hide wit hin t hemselves what t hey dare not reveal t o you, saying: "If we had anyt hing t o do wit h t he affair, none of us would have been killed here.'' Say: "Even if you had remained in your homes, t hose for whom deat h was decreed would cert ainly have gone fort h t o t he place of t heir deat h,'' but t hat Allah might t est what is in your breast s; and t o purify t hat which was in your heart s (sins), and Allah is All-Knower of what is in t he breast s). (155. Those of you who t urned back on t he day t he t wo host s met , Shayt an only caused t hem t o err because of some of what t hey had earned. But Allah, indeed, has forgiven t hem. Surely, Allah is Oft Forgiving, Most Forbearing.)

Slumber Overcame the Believers; the Fear that the Hypocrites Suffered Allah reminds His servant s of His favor when He sent down on t hem t ranquillit y and slumber t hat overcame t hem while t hey were carrying t heir weapons and feeling dist ress and grief. In t his case, slumber is a favor and carries meanings of calmness and safet y. For inst ance, Allah said in Surat Al-Anfal about t he bat t le of Badr,

びヮ⊥ ∇レあョ る⇔ レ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ サ ∠ ゅ∠バレぁ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ Βあゼピ∠ Α⊥ ∇クま͡ぴ ((Remember) when He covered you wit h a slumber as a securit y from Him) 8:11 . Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Anas said t hat , Abu Talhah said, "I was among t hose who were overcome by slumber during t he bat t le of Uhud. My sword fell from my hand several t imes and I would pick it up, t hen it would fall and I would pick it up again.'' Al-Bukhari collect ed t his Hadit h in t he st ories of t he bat t les wit hout a chain of narrat ion, and in t he book of Tafsir wit h a chain of narrat ors. At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Al-Hakim recorded from Anas t hat Abu Talhah said, "On t he day of Uhud, I raised my head and looked around and found t hat everyone's head was nodding from slumber.'' This is t he wording of At -Tirmidhi, who said, "Hasan Sahih''. AnNasa'i also recorded t his Hadit h from Anas who said t hat Abu Talhah said, "I was among t hose who were overcome by slumber.'' The second group ment ioned in t he Ayah were t he hypocrit es who only t hought about t hemselves, for t hey are t he most cowardly people and t hose least likely t o support t he t rut h,

びる͡ Βｚヤ͡ヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや リ ｚニ ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲぁレヌ ⊥ Α∠ ぴ (and t hought wrongly of Allah - t he t hought of ignorance) 3:154 , for t hey are liars and people who have doubt s and evil t hought s about Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored. Allah said,

ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ⇔シゅ∠バルぁ る⇔ レ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ユあ ピ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ る⇔ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ (Then aft er t he dist ress, He sent down securit y for you. Slumber overt ook a part y of you), t he people of fait h, cert aint y, firmness and reliance (on Allah) who are cert ain t hat Allah shall give vict ory t o His Messenger and fulfill his obj ect ive.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わヨｚ ワ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デヱ∠ ぴ (While anot her part y was t hinking about t hemselves), and t hey were not overcome by slumber because of t heir worry, fright and fear,

びる͡ Βｚヤ͡ヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや リ ｚニ ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲぁレヌ ⊥ Α∠ ぴ (and t hought wrongly of Allah --- t he t hought of ignorance). Similarly, Allah said in anot her st at ement ,

ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ょ ∠ ヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Α リｚャ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レレ∠ ニ ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ びや⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ (Nay, but you t hought t hat t he Messenger and t he believers would never ret urn t o t heir families) 48:12 . This group t hought t hat t he idolat ors achieved ult imat e vict ory, when t heir forces t ook t he upper hand in bat t le, and t hat Islam and it s people would perish. This is t ypical of people of doubt and hesit at ion, in t he event of a hardship, t hey fall int o such evil t hought s. Allah t hen described t hem t hat ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ (t hey said) in t his sit uat ion,

び￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レャｚ モ∠ワぴ ("Have we any part in t he affair'') Allah replied,

Ι ∠ ゅｚョ ユ͡ヰジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ヮ⊥ ｚヤミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョΙ ｘやラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びマ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇らΑ⊥ (Say: "Indeed t he affair belongs wholly t o Allah.'' They hide wit hin t hemselves what t hey dare not reveal t o you.) wAllah exposed t heir secret s, t hat is,

ゅ∠レ∇ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ゅｚョ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ びゅ∠レヰ⊥ ⇒∠ワ (saying: "If we had anyt hing t o do wit h t he affair, none of us would have been killed here.'') alt hough t hey t ried t o conceal t his t hought from t he Messenger of Allah . Ibn Ishaq recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr said t hat Az-Zubayr said, "I was wit h t he Messenger of Allah when fear int ensified and Allah sent sleep t o us (during t he bat t le of Uhud). At t hat t ime, every man among us (except t he hypocrit es) was nodding off. By Allah! As if in a dream, I heard t he words of Mu` at t ib bin Qushayr, ` If we had anyt hing t o do wit h t he affair, none of us would have been killed here.' I memorized t hese words of his, which Allah ment ioned lat er on,

ゅ∠レ∇ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ゅｚョ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ びゅ∠レヰ⊥ ⇒∠ワ (saying: "If we had anyt hing t o do wit h t he aff air, none of us would have been killed here.)'' Ibn Abi Hat im collect ed t his Hadit h. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや コ∠ ゲ∠ ら∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ヴプ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ヲャｚ モ⊥ホぴ び∇ユヰ͡ バ͡ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ツョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ モ ⊥ ∇わボ∠ ∇ャや

(Say: "Even if you had remained in your homes, t hose for whom deat h was decreed would cert ainly have gone fort h t o t he place of t heir deat h,'') meaning, t his is Allah's appoint ed dest iny and a decision t hat will cert ainly come t o pass, and t here is no escaping it . Allah's st at ement ,

ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ゾ ∠ エ あ ヨ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヴ ∠ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇らΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ (t hat Allah might t est what is in your breast s; and t o purify t hat which was in your heart s,) means, so t hat He t est s you wit h what ever befell you, t o dist inguish good from evil and t he deeds and st at ement s of t he believers from t hose of t he hypocrit es,

びケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (and Allah is All-Knower of what is in t he breast s), and what t he heart s conceal.

Some of the Believers Give Flight on the Day of Uhud Allah t hen said,

ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ボわ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヂ ͡ ∇バら∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚャゴ∠ わ∠ ∇シや (Those of you who t urned back on t he day t he t wo host s met , Shayt an only caused t hem t o err because of some of what t hey had earned) 3:155 , because of some of t heir previous errors. Indeed, some of t he Salaf said, "The reward of t he good deed includes being direct ed t o anot her good deed t hat follows it , while t he ret ribut ion of sin includes commit t ing anot her sin t hat follows it .'' Allah t hen said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ヘハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (but Allah, indeed, has forgiven t hem), t heir giving flight ,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ェ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ぴ (surely, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Forbearing)

He forgives sins, pardons and exonerat es His creat ures. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Shaqiq said, " ` Abdur-Rahman bin ` Awf met Al-Walid bin ` Uqbah, who said t o him, ` Why did you desert ` Ut hman, t he Leader of t he Fait hful' ` Abdur-Rahman said, ` Tell him t hat I did not run away during Uhud, remain behind during Badr, nor abandon t he Sunnah of ` Umar.' Al-Walid t old ` Ut hman what ` Abdur-Rahman said. ` Ut hman replied, ` As for his st at ement , ` I did not run away during Uhud,' how can he blame me for an error t hat Allah has already forgiven. Allah said,

ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ボわ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ヘハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヂ ͡ ∇バら∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚャゴ∠ わ∠ ∇シや び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ (Those of you who t urned back on t he day t he t wo host s met , Shayt an only caused t hem t o err because of some of what t hey had earned. But Allah, indeed, has forgiven t hem). As for his st at ement t hat I remained behind from part icipat ing in Badr, I was nursing Ruqayyah, t he daught er of t he Messenger of Allah , unt il she passed away. The Messenger of Allah gave me a share in t he boot y of Badr, and whoever get s a share in t he boot y from t he Messenger of Allah will have part icipat ed in bat t le. As for his st at ement t hat I abandoned t he Sunnah of ` Umar, neit her I nor he are able t o endure it . Go and convey t his answer t o him.'''

∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヱぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ッ ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ∠ ∇カΗ ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ル∠ギ∇レ͡ハ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャｚ ン６ゴビ ⊥ ろ ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ ͡ Β∇エΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ジェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユわぁ ョ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヱゲ⊥ ゼ ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ぶや ヴ∠ャΗ ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユわぁ ョぁ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ び (156. O you who believe! Be not like t hose who disbelieve and who say t o t heir bret hren when t hey t ravel t hrough t he eart h or go out t o fight : "If t hey had st ayed wit h us, t hey would not have died or been killed,'' so t hat Allah may make it a cause of regret in t heir heart s. It is Allah

t hat gives life and causes deat h. And Allah is All-Seer of what you do.) (157. And if you are killed or die in t he way of Allah, forgiveness and mercy from Allah are far bet t er t han all t hat t hey amass.) (158. And whet her you die or are killed, verily, unt o Allah you shall be gat hered.)

Prohibiting the Ideas of the Disbeleivers about Death and Predestination Allah forbids His believing servant s from t he disbelievers' false creed, seen in t heir st at ement about t hose who died in bat t le and during t ravel; "Had t hey abandoned t hese t rips, t hey would not have met t heir demise.'' Allah said,

∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ∠ ∇カΗ ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ (O you who believe! Be not like t hose who disbelieve (hypocrit es) and who say t o t heir bret hren), about t heir dead bret hren,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ッ ∠ や∠クま͡ぴ (when t hey t ravel t hrough t he eart h) for t he purpose of t rading and ot herwise,

びン６ゴビ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or go out t o fight ), part icipat ing in bat t les,

びゅ∠ル∠ギ∇レ͡ハ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャｚぴ ("If t hey had st ayed wit h us,'') in our area,

び∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ョぴ ("t hey would not have died or been killed,'') t hey would not have died while t raveling or been killed in bat t le. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ジェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ

(so t hat Allah may make it a cause of regret in t heir heart s. ) means, Allah creat es t his evil t hought in t heir heart s so t hat t heir sadness and t he grief t hey feel for t heir loss would increase. Allah refut ed t hem by saying,

びろ ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ ͡ Β∇エΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (It is Allah t hat gives life and causes deat h.) for t he creat ion is under Allah's power, and t he decision is His Alone. No one lives or dies except by Allah's leave, and no one's life is increased or decreased except by His decree.

び∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is All-Seer of what you do,) for His knowledge and vision encompasses all His creat ion and none of t heir affairs ever escapes Him. Allah's st at ement ,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユわぁ ョ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ (And if you are killed or die in t he way of Allah, forgiveness and mercy from Allah are far bet t er t han all t hat t hey amass.) 3:157 , indicat ing t hat deat h and mart yrdom in Allah's cause are a means of earning Allah's mercy, forgiveness and pleasure. This, indeed, is bet t er t han remaining in t his life wit h it s short lived delight s. Furt hermore, whoever dies or is killed will ret urn t o Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, and He will reward him if he has done good deeds, or will punish him for his evil deeds. Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ぶや ヴ∠ャΗ ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユわぁ ョぁ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And whet her you die or are killed, verily, unt o Allah you shall be gat hered.) 3:158 .

ゅ⇔ヌ ∂ プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ∠ レ͡ャ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゅ∠ヨら͡ プ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ブ ⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ マ ∠ ャ͡∇ヲェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲぁツ∠ヘ∇ル∠Ι ょ ͡ ∇ヤボ∠ ∇ャや ナ ∠ Β͡ヤビ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ョゴ∠ ハ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケヱ͡ ゅ∠セヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ラ͡ま - リ ∠ Β͡ヤミあ ヲ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ や∠ク リ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ャグ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ょ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ビ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Α

モ ͡ ミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ミゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠Α ン͡グャｚや ∇モヤ⊥∇ピΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ｚモピ⊥ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ ｙ ら͡ レ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅｚョ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヴｚプヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ｚユを⊥ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ モ ｚビ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ッケ͡ ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ テ ∃ ∇ガジ ∠ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠よ リ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∀ろ⇒∠ィ∠ケ∠キ ∇ユワ⊥ - ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ ∇クま͡ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ぽ⊥ヨ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ｚ ョ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Βあミゴ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ (159. And by t he mercy of Allah, you dealt wit h t hem gent ly. And had you been severe and harsh-heart ed, t hey would have broken away from about you; so pardon t hem, and ask forgiveness for t hem; and consult t hem in t he af fairs. Then when you have t aken a decision, put your t rust in Allah, cert ainly, Allah loves t hose who put t heir t rust (in Him).) (160. If Allah helps you, none can overcome you; and if He forsakes you, who is t here aft er Him t hat can help you And in Allah (Alone) let believers put t heir t rust .) (161. It is not for any Prophet t o illegally t ake a part of t he boot y, and whosoever deceives his companions over t he boot y, he shall bring fort h on t he Day of Resurrect ion t hat which he t ook. Then every person shall be paid in full what he has earned, and t hey shall not be dealt wit h unj ust ly.) (162. Is t hen one who follows (seeks) t he pleasure of Allah like t he one who draws on himself t he wrat h of Allah His abode is Hell, and worse indeed is t hat dest inat ion!) (163. They are in varying grades wit h Allah, and Allah is All-Seer of what t hey do.) (164. Indeed, Allah conferred a great favor on t he believers when He sent among t hem a Messenger from among t hemselves, recit ing unt o t hem His verses (t he Qur'an), and purifying t hem, and inst ruct ing t hem (in) t he Book (t he Qur'an) and Al-Hikmah t he wisdom and t he Sunnah , while before t hat t hey had been in manifest error.)

Among the Qualities of Our Prophet Muhammad are Mercy and Kindness Allah addresses His Messenger and reminds him and t he believers of t he favor t hat He has made his heart and words soft for his Ummah, t hose who follow his command and refrain from what he prohibit s.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ∠ レ͡ャ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゅ∠ヨら͡ プ∠ ぴ (And by t he mercy of Allah, you dealt wit h t hem gent ly) 3:159 . meaning, who would have made you t his kind, if it was not Allah's mercy for you and t hem. Qat adah said t hat ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ∠ レ͡ャ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゅ∠ヨら͡ プ∠ ぴ (And by t he mercy of Allah, you dealt wit h t hem gent ly) means, "Wit h Allah's mercy you became t his kind.'' Al-Hasan Al-Basri said t hat t his, indeed, is t he descript ion of t he behavior t hat Allah sent Muhammad wit h. This Ayah is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ケ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ゾΑ͡ゲェ ∠ ∇ユわぁ レ͡ ハ ∠ (Verily, t here has come unt o you a Messenger from among yourselves. It grieves him t hat you should receive any inj ury or difficult y. He is anxious over you (t o be right ly guided, t o repent t o Allah); for t he believers (he is) full of pit y, kind, and merciful) 9:128 . Allah said next ,

びマ ∠ ャ͡∇ヲェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲぁツヘ∠ ∇ルΙ ∠ ょ ͡ ∇ヤボ∠ ∇ャや ナ ∠ Β͡ヤビ ∠ ゅ⇔ヌ ∂ プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And had you been severe and harsh-heart ed, t hey would have broken away from about you;) The severe person is he who ut t ers harsh words, and,

びょ ͡ ∇ヤボ∠ ∇ャや ナ ∠ Β͡ヤビ ∠ぴ (harsh-heart ed) is t he person whose heart is hard. Had t his been t he Prophet 's behavior, "They would have scat t ered from around you. However, Allah gat hered t hem and made you kind and soft wit h t hem, so t hat t heir heart s congregat e around you.'' ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said t hat he read t he descript ion of t he Messenger of Allah in previous Books, "He is not severe, harsh, obscene in t he market place or dealing evil for evil. Rat her, he forgives and pardons.''

The Order for Consultation and to Abide by it Allah said,

びゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケヱ͡ ゅ∠セヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ブ ⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プぴ (So pardon t hem, and ask (Allah's) forgiveness for t hem; and consult t hem in t he affairs.) The Messenger of Allah used t o ask his Companions for advice about various mat t ers, t o comfort t heir heart s, and so t hey act ively implement t he decision t hey reach. For inst ance, before t he bat t le of Badr, t he Prophet asked his Companions for if Muslims should int ercept t he caravan (led by Abu Sufyan). They said, "O Messenger of Allah! If you wish t o cross t he sea, we would follow you in it , and if you march fort h t o Barkul-Ghimad we would march wit h you. We would never say what t he Children of Israel said t o Musa, ` So go, you and your Lord, and fight you t wo, we are sit t ing right here.' Rat her, we say march fort h and we shall march fort h wit h you; and before you, and t o your right and left shall we fight .'' The Prophet also asked t hem for t heir opinion about where t hey should set up camp at Badr. Al-Mundhir bin ` Amr suggest ed t o camp close t o t he enemy, for he wished t o acquire mart yrdom. Concerning t he bat t le of Uhud, t he Messenger asked t he Companions if t hey should fort ify t hemselves in Al-Madinah or go out t o meet t he enemy, and t he maj orit y of t hem request ed t hat t hey go out t o meet t he enemy, and he did. He also t ook t heir advice on t he day of Khandaq (t he Trench) about conduct ing a peace t reat y wit h some of t he t ribes of Al-Ahzab (t he Confederat es), in ret urn for giving t hem one-t hird of t he fruit s of Al-Madinah. However, Sa` d bin ` Ubadah and Sa` d bin Mu` adh rej ect ed t his offer and t he Prophet went ahead wit h t heir advice. The Prophet also asked t hem if t hey should at t ack t he idolat ors on t he Day of Hudaybiyyah, and Abu Bakr disagreed, saying, "We did not come here t o fight anyone. Rat her, we came t o perform ` Umrah.'' The Prophet agreed. On t he day of Ifk, (i.e. t he false accusat ion), t he Messenger of Allah said t o t hem, "O Muslims! Give me your advice about some men who falsely accused my wife (` A'ishah). By Allah! I never knew of any evil t o come from my wife. And t hey accused whom They accused he from whom I only knew right eous conduct , by Allah!'' The Prophet asked ` Ali and Usamah about divorcing ` A'ishah. In summary, t he Prophet used t o t ake his Companions' advice for bat t les and ot her import ant event s. Ibn Maj ah recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said;

«リ∠ヨゎ∠ ∇ぽョ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ゼわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや» (The one whom advice is sought from is t o be ent rust ed) t This was recorded by Abu Dawud, At Tirmidhi, and An-Nasa'i who graded it Hasan.

Trust in Allah After Taking the Decision Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ョゴ∠ ハ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ

(Then when you have t aken a decision, put your t rust in Allah,) means, if you conduct t he required consult at ion and you t hen make a decision, t rust in Allah over your decision,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤミあ ヲ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (cert ainly, Allah loves t hose who put t heir t rust (in Him)). Allah's st at ement ,

∇ユム⊥ ∇ャグ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ょ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ビ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Α ラ͡まぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ミゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠Α ン͡グャｚや や∠ク リ∠ヨプ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ (If Allah helps you, none can overcome you; and if He forsakes you, who is t here aft er Him t hat can help you And in Allah (Alone) let believers put t heir t rust ), is similar t o His st at ement t hat we ment ioned earlier,

びユ͡ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ダｚレャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t here is no vict ory except from Allah t he Almight y, t he All-Wise) 3:126 . Allah next commands t he believers t o t rust in Him,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (And in Allah (Alone) let believers put t heir t rust ).

Treachery with the Spoils of War was not a Trait of the Prophet Allah said,

びｚモピ⊥ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ ｙ ら͡ レ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (It is not for any Prophet t o illegally t ake a part of t he boot y,) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and Al-Hasan said t hat t he Ayah means, "It is not for a Prophet t o breach t he t rust .'' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat , Ibn ` Abbas said t hat , t his Ayah,

びｚモピ⊥ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ ｙ ら͡ レ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (It is not for any Prophet t o illegally t ake a part of t he boot y,) was revealed in connect ion wit h a red robe t hat was missing from t he spoils of war of Badr. Some people said t hat t he Messenger of Allah might have t aken it . When t his rumor circulat ed, Allah sent down,

モ ｚビ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇モヤ⊥∇ピΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ｚモピ⊥ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ ｙ ら͡ レ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びる͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ (It is not for any Prophet t o illegally t ake a part of t he boot y, and whosoever is deceit ful wit h t he boot y, he shall bring fort h on t he Day of Resurrect ion t hat which he t ook.) This was also recorded by Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi, who said "Hasan Gharib''. This Ayah exonerat es t he Messenger of Allah of all t ypes of deceit and t reachery, be it ret urning what was ent rust ed wit h him, dividing t he spoils of war, et c. Allah t hen said,

ぁモミ⊥ ヴｚプヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ｚユを⊥ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ モ ｚビ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇モヤ⊥∇ピΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚョ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ (and whosoever is deceit ful wit h t he boot y, he shall bring fort h on t he Day of Resurrect ion t hat which he t ook. Then every person shall be paid in full what he has earned, and t hey shall not be dealt wit h unj ust ly.) This Ayah cont ains a st ern warning and t hreat against Ghulul st ealing from t he boot y , and t here are also Hadit hs, t hat prohibit such pract ice. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Malik AlAshj a` i said t hat t he Prophet said,

∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∀ネや∠ケ͡ク ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ メ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤピ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヌ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠» ケ͡ やｚギャや ヶ͡プ ヱぺ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヶ͡プ リ ͡ ∇Αケ∠ ゅ∠ィ リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ラヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ハや∠ケク͡ ヮ͡らェ ͡ ゅ∠タ ナ あェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ギ⊥ ∠ェ∠ぺ ノ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ボΒ∠ プ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴャ͡ま リ ∠ Β͡ッケ∠ ぺ∠ ノ͡ ∇らシ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ホ∠ あヲデ ⊥ ∩⊥ヮバ∠ ト ∠ わ∠ ∇ホや «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや

(The worst Ghulul (i.e. st ealing) wit h Allah is a yard of land, t hat is, when you find t wo neighbors in a land or home and one of t hem illegally acquires a yard of his neighbor's land. When he does, he will be t ied wit h it from t he seven eart hs unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Humayd As-Sa` idi said, "The Prophet appoint ed a man from t he t ribe of Al-Azd, called Ibn Al-Lut biyyah, t o collect t he Zakah. When he ret urned he said, ` This (port ion) is for you and t his has been given t o me as a gift .' The Prophet st ood on t he Minbar and said,

∩∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ や∠グワ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡イΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ん⊥ バ∠ ∇らル∠ モ ͡ ョ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ャや メ ⊥ ゅ∠よ ゅ∠ョ» ヮ͡ ョあ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡よぺ∠ ろ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ヶ͡プ ザ ∠ ヤ∠ィ ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ぺ∠ ∩ヶ͡ャ ヵ ∠ ギ͡ ∇ワぺ⊥ や∠グワ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ザ ⊥ ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∨ゅ∠ャ ∇ュぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン∠ギ∇ヰΑ⊥ ぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ゅｚャま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヶゼ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヶ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∀￢ゅ∠ビケ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡バよ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラま͡ ∩͡ヮわ͡ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや «ゲ∠バ∇Βゎ∠ ∀りゅ∠セ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∀ケや∠ヲカ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ボ∠ よ∠ :

«ろ∇ピヤｚよ∠ ∇モワ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» .(What is t he mat t er wit h a man whom we appoint t o collect Zakah, when he ret urns he said, ` This is for you and t his has been given t o me as a gift .' Why hadn't he st ayed in his fat her's or mot her's house t o see whet her he would be given present s or not By Him in Whose Hand my life is, whoever t akes anyt hing from t he resources of t he Zakah (unlawfully), he will carry it on his neck on t he Day of Resurrect ion; if it be a camel, it will be grunt ing; if a cow, it will be mooing; and if a sheep, it will be bleat ing. The Prophet t hen raised his hands t ill we saw t he whit eness of his armpit s, and he said t hrice, ` O Allah! Haven't I conveyed Your Message.')'' Hisham bin ` Urwah added t hat Abu Humayd said, "I have seen him wit h my eyes and heard him wit h my ears, and ask Zayd bin Thabit .'' This is recorded in t he Two Sahihs . In t he book of Ahkam of his Sunan, Abu ` Isa At -Tirmidhi recorded t hat Mu` adh bin Jabal said, "The Messenger of Allah sent me t o Yemen, but when I st art ed on t he j ourney, he sent for me t o come back and said,

ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ リ ｚ ら∠ Β͡ダゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∨∠マ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ヵ͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ぺ∠» «メヲ⊥ヤビ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩ヶ͡ル∇クま͡ (Do you know why I summoned you back Do not t ake anyt hing wit hout my permission, for if you do, it will be Ghulul.)

びる͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ モ ｚビ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇モヤ⊥∇ピΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and whosoever deceives his companions over t he boot y, he shall bring fort h on t he Day of Resurrect ion t hat which he t ook).

«マ͡ヤヨ∠ バ∠ ャ͡ ヂ ͡ ∇ョゅ∠プ マ ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ や∠グヰ͡ャ» (This is why I summoned you, so now go and fulfill your mission.)'' At -Tirmidhi said, "This Hadit h is Hasan Gharib.'' In addit ion, Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "The Prophet got up among us and ment ioned Ghulul and emphasized it s magnit ude. He t hen said,

ヮ͡ わ͡ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢⊥ ヶ͡イΑ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ｚ Β∠ ヘ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» ∩ヶ͡レ∇んビ ͡ ぺ∠ ぶ ͡ や メ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∀￢ゅ∠ビケ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡バよ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩∠マわ⊥ ∇ピヤ∠∇よぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ぶ ͡ やリ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホほ∠プ∠ サ ∀ ゲ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢⊥ ヶ͡イΑ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ｚ Β∠ ヘ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥ ∩ヶ͡レ∇んビ ͡ ぺ∠ ぶ ͡ や メ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∀るヨ∠ エ ∠ ∇ヨェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩∠マわ⊥ ∇ピヤ∠∇よぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ぶ ͡ やリ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホほ∠プ∠ ∀ネゅ∠ホ͡ケ ヮ͡ わ͡ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡イΑ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ｚ Β∠ ヘ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホほ∠プ∠ ∩ヶ͡レ∇んビ ͡ ぺ∠ ぶ ͡ や メ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ペ ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ガゎ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ｚ Β∠ ヘ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∩∠マわ⊥ ∇ピヤ∠∇よぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ぶ ͡ やリ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ョぺ∠

ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠プ ∩∀ろョ͡ ゅ∠タ ヮ͡ わ͡ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡イΑ∠ ぶ ͡ やリ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホほ∠プ∠ ∩ヶ͡レ∇んビ ͡ ぺ∠ ぶ ͡ やメ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ «マ⊥わ∇ピヤ∠∇よぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ (I will not like t o see anyone among you on t he Day of Resurrect ion, carrying a grunt ing camel over his neck. Such a man will say, 'O Allah's Messenger! Int ercede on my behalf,' and I will say, 'I can't int ercede for you wit h Allah, for I have conveyed (Allah's Message) t o you.' I will not like t o see any of you coming on t he Day of Resurrect ion while carrying a neighing horse over his neck. Such a man will be saying, ` O Allah's Messenger! Int ercede on my behalf,' and I will reply, 'I can't int ercede for you wit h Allah, for I have conveyed (Allah's Message) t o you.' I will not like t o see any of you coming on t he Day of Resurrect ion while carrying clot hes t hat will be flut t ering, and t he man will say, 'O Allah's Messenger! Int ercede (wit h Allah) for me, ' and I will say, 'I can't help you wit h Allah, for I have conveyed (Allah's Message) t o you.' I will not like t o see any of you coming on t he Day of Resurrect ion while carrying gold and silver on his neck. This person will say, 'O Allah's Messenger! Int ercede (wit h Allah) for me.' And I will say, 'I can't help you wit h Allah, for I have conveyed (Allah's Message) t o you.')'' This Hadit h was recorded in t he Two Sahihs . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said, "During t he day (bat t le) of Khaybar, several Companions of t he Messenger of Allah came t o him and said, ` So-and-so died as a mart yr, so-and-so died as a mart yr.' When t hey ment ioned a cert ain man t hat died as a mart yr, t he Messenger of Allah said,

り∃ ￢∠ ゅ∠らハ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤｚビ ∠ り∃ キ∠ ∇ゲよ⊥ ヶ͡プ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヶあルま͡ ゅｚヤミ∠ » « (No. I have seen him in t he Fire because of a robe t hat he st ole (from t he boot y).) The Messenger of Allah t hen said,

ゅ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ :サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ キ͡ ゅ∠レプ∠ ∇ょワ∠ ∇クや ∩͡ゆゅｚトガ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇よや ゅ∠Α» «ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅｚャま͡ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ (O Ibn Al-Khat t ab! Go and announce t o t he people t hat only t he fait hful shall ent er Paradise.) So I went out and proclaimed t hat none except t he fait hful shall ent er Paradise.'' This was recorded by Muslim and At -Tirmidhi, who said "Hasan Sahih''.

The Honest and Dishonest are Not Similar

Allah said,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ テ ∃ ∇ガジ ∠ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠よ リ∠ヨミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ッケ͡ ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ (Is t hen one who follows (seeks) t he pleasure of Allah like t he one who draws on himself t he wrat h of Allah His abode is Hell, and worse indeed is t hat dest inat ion!) 3:162 , This refers t o t hose seeking what pleases Allah by obeying His legislat ion, t hus earning His pleasure and t remendous rewards, while being saved from His severe t orment . This t ype of person is not similar t o one who earns Allah's anger, has no means of escaping it and who will reside in Jahannam on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and what an evil dest inat ion it is. There are many similar st at ement s in t he Qur'an, such as,

∇リヨ∠ ミ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ リ∠ヨ∠プ∠ぺぴ びヴ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ (Shall he t hen who knows t hat what has been revealed unt o you (O Muhammad ) from your Lord is t he t rut h be like him who is blind) 13:19 , and,

ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇バわｚ ョｚ リ∠ヨミ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ホΙ ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ジェ ∠ や⇔ギ∇ハヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ∠ヨ∠プ∠ぺぴ びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ⇒∠わョ∠ (Is he whom We have promised an excellent promise (Paradise) which he will find t rue, like him whom We have made t o enj oy t he luxuries of t he life of (t his) world) 28:61 . Allah t hen said,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∀ろ⇒∠ィ∠ケ∠キ ∇ユワ⊥ ぴ (They are in varying grades wit h Allah, ) 3:163 meaning, t he people of right eousness and t he people of evil are in grades, as Al-Hasan Al-Basri and Muhammad bin Ishaq said. Abu ` Ubaydah and Al-Kisa'i said t hat t his Ayah refers t o degrees, meaning t here are various degrees and dwellings in Paradise, as well as, various degrees and dwellings in t he Fire. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,

び∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ろ⇒∠ィ∠ケ∠キ モ ｙ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (For all t here will be degrees (or ranks) according t o what t hey did) 6:132 . Next , Allah said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (and Allah is All-Seer of what t hey do), and He will compensat e or punish t hem, and will never rid t hem of a good deed, or increase t heir evil deeds. Rat her, each will be t reat ed according t o his deeds.

The Magnificent Blessing in the Advent of Our Prophet Muhammad Allah t he Most High said:

Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ ∇クま͡ ∠リΒ͡レ͡ョぽ⊥ヨ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ｚ ョ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ (Indeed Allah conferred a great favor on t he believers when He sent among t hem a Messenger from among t hemselves,) Meaning, from t heir own kind, so t hat it is possible for t hem t o speak wit h him, ask him quest ions, associat e wit h him, and benefit from him. Just as Allah said:

ゅ⇔ィ∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レム⊥ ∇ジわ∠ ャあ (And among His signs is t hat he creat ed for t hem mat es, t hat t hey may find rest in.) Meaning; of t heir own kind. And Allah said;

∇ユム⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャま͡ べ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び∀ギ͡ェや∠ヱ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま (Say: "I am only a man like you. It has been revealed t o me t hat your God is One God'') 18:110 .

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びベ ͡ や∠ヲ∇シΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや (And We never sent before you any of t he Messengers but verily, t hey at e food and walked in t he market s) 25:20 .

∇リョあ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲぁル Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ィケ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ (And We sent not before you any but men unt o whom We revealed, from among t he people of t ownships) 12:109 , and,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ∀モシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ルΗ ͡ や∠ヱ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バヨ∠ ⇒∠Αぴ (O you assembly of Jinn and mankind! "Did not t here come t o you Messengers from among you...'') 6:130 . Allah's favor is perfect ed when His Messenger t o t he people is from t heir own kind, so t hat t hey are able t o t alk t o him and inquire about t he meanings of Allah's Word. This is why Allah said,

びヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ ぴ (recit ing unt o t hem His verses) 3:164 , t he Qur'an,

び∇ユヰ͡ Βあミゴ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and purifying t hem), commanding t hem t o do right eous works and forbidding t hem from commit t ing evil. This is how t heir heart s will be purified and cleansed of t he sin and evil t hat used t o fill t hem when t hey were disbelievers and ignorant .

びる∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and inst ruct ing t hem (in) t he Book and t he Hikmah,) t he Qur'an and t he Sunnah,

びモ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ

(while before t hat t hey had been), before sending t his Prophet , Muhammad ,

びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ぴ (in manifest error. ) indulging in plain and unequivocal error and ignorance t hat are clear t o everyone.

∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠∇んョあ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らタ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀るら∠ Β͡ダョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ∇わら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴｚルぺ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ボわ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ - ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ヴ∠セ ∇やヲ⊥ボプ∠ ゅ∠ル リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡ら͡ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バ∠プ∇キや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ホ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バら∠ ゎｚ Ι ｚ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠わホ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヴ͡プ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅｚョ ユ͡ヰワ͡ ヲ∠ ∇プほ∠よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Θャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ハゅデ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠バ∠ホ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ∠ ∇カΗ ͡ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リハ ∠ やヱ⊥￢ケ∠ ∇キゅ∠プ t (165. (What is t he mat t er wit h you) When a single disast er smit es you, alt hough you smot e (your enemies) wit h one t wice as great , you say: "From where does t his come t o us'' Say, "It is from yourselves.'' And Allah has power over all t hings.) (166. And what you suffered on t he day t he t wo armies met , was by t he leave of Allah, in order t hat He might t est t he believers). (167. And t hat He might t est t he hypocrit es, it was said t o t hem: "Come, fight in t he way of Allah or defend yourselves.'' They said: "Had we known t hat fight ing will t ake place, we would cert ainly have followed you.'' They were t hat day, nearer t o disbelief t han t o fait h, saying wit h t heir mout hs what was not in t heir heart s. And Allah has full knowledge of what t hey conceal.) (168. (They are) t he ones who said about t heir killed bret hren while t hey t hemselves sat (at home): "If only t hey had list ened t o us, t hey would not have been killed.'' Say: "Avert deat h from your own selves, if you speak t he t rut h.'')

The Reason and Wisdom Behind the Defeat at Uhud

Allah said,

び∀るら∠ Β͡ダョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ∇わら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ ゅｚヨ∠ャ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (When a single disast er smit es you), in reference t o when t he Muslims suffered sevent y fat alit ies during t he bat t le of Uhud,

びゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠∇んョあ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らタ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (alt hough you smot e (your enemies) wit h one t wice as great ,) during Badr, when t he Muslims killed sevent y Mushriks and capt ured sevent y ot hers,

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴｚルぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ぴ (you say: "From where does t his come t o us'') why did t his defeat happen t o us

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say, "It is from yourselves.'') Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said, "When Uhud occurred, a year aft er Badr, Muslims were punished for t aking ransom from t he disbelievers at Badr in ret urn for releasing t he Mushriks whom t hey capt ured in t hat bat t le . Thus, t hey suffered t he loss of sevent y fat alit ies and t he Companions of t he Messenger of Allah gave flight and abandoned him. The Messenger suffered a broken t oot h, t he helmet was smashed on his head and blood flowed ont o his face. Allah t hen revealed,

∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠∇んョあ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らタ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀るら∠ Β͡ダョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ∇わら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ ゅヨｚ ャ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴｚルぺ∠ (When a single disast er smit es you, alt hough you smot e (your enemies) wit h one t wice as great , you say: "From where does t his come t o us'' Say, "It is from yourselves''.), because you t ook t he ransom.'' Furt hermore, Muhammad bin Ishaq, Ibn Jurayj , Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and As-Suddi said t hat t he Ayah,

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say, "It is from yourselves.'') means, because you, t he archers, disobeyed t he Messenger's command t o not abandon your posit ions.

び∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (And Allah has power over all t hings.) and He does what He wills and decides what He wills, and t here is none who can resist His decision. Allah t hen said,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡ら͡ プ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ボわ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And what you suffered on t he day t he t wo armies met , was by t he leave of Allah), for when you ran away from your enemy, who killed many of you and inj ured many ot hers, all t his occurred by Allah's will and decree out of His perfect wisdom,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (in order t hat He might t est t he believers.) who were pat ient , firm and were not shaken,

ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ホ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボプ∠ ゅ∠ル リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バら∠ ゎｚ Ι ｚ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠わホ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇やヲ⊥バプ∠ ∇キや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ (And t hat He might t est t he hypocrit es, it was said t o t hem: "Come, fight in t he way of Allah or defend yourselves.'' They said: "Had we known t hat fight ing will t ake place, we would cert ainly have followed you.'') 3:167 , This refers t o t he Companions of ` Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul who went back (t o Al-Madinah) wit h him before t he bat t le. Some believers followed t hem and encouraged t hem t o come back and fight , saying,

び∇やヲ⊥バプ∠ ∇キや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ぴ (or defend), so t hat t he number of Muslims increases, as Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Ad-Dahhak, Abu Salih, Al-Hasan and As-Suddi st at ed. Al-Hasan bin Salih said t hat t his part of t he Ayah means, help by supplicat ing for us, while ot hers said it means, man t he post s. However, t hey refused, saying,

び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バら∠ ゎｚ Ι ｚ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠わホ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ

("Had we known t hat fight ing will t ake place, we would cert ainly have followed you.'') meaning, according t o Muj ahid, if we knew t hat you would fight t oday, we would j oin you, but we t hink you will not fight . Allah said,

びリ ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Θャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ぴ (They were t hat day, nearer t o disbelief t han t o fait h,) This Ayah indicat es t hat a person passes t hrough various st ages, somet imes being closer t o Kufr and somet imes closer t o fait h, as evident by,

びリ ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Θャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ぴ (They were t hat day, nearer t o disbelief t han t o fait h,) Allah t hen said,

び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅｚョ ユ͡ヰワ͡ ヲ∠ ∇プほ∠よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ (saying wit h t heir mout hs what was not in t heir heart s.) for t hey ut t er what t hey do not t ruly believe in, such as,

び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バら∠ ゎｚ Ι ｚ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠わホ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ ("Had we known t hat fight ing will t ake place, we would cert ainly have followed you.'') They knew t hat t here was an army of idolat ors t hat came from a far land raging against t he Muslims, t o avenge t heir noble men whom t he Muslims killed in Badr. These idolat ors came in larger numbers t han t he Muslims, so it was clear t hat a bat t le will cert ainly occur. Allah said;

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah has full knowledge of what t hey conceal.)

ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ハゅ∠デぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠バ∠ホ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ∠ ∇カΗ ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ びやヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥

((They are) t he ones who said about t heir killed bret hren while t hey t hemselves sat (at home): "If only t hey had list ened t o us, t hey would not have been killed.'') had t hey list ened t o our advice and not gone out , t hey would not have met t heir demise. Allah said,

∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リハ ∠ やヱ⊥￢ケ∠ ∇キゅ∠プ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ (Say: "Avert deat h from your own selves, if you speak t he t rut h.'') meaning, if st aying at home saves one from being killed or from deat h, t hen you should not die. However deat h will come t o you even if you were hiding in fort ified cast les. Therefore, fend deat h off of yourselves, if you are right . Muj ahid said t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said, "This Ayah 3:168 was revealed about ` Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul (t he chief hypocrit e).''

∇モよ∠ ゅ⇔ゎ∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ヨよ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ェゲ͡ プ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ホ∠コ∇ゲΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∀￢ゅ∠Β∇ェ∠ぺ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボエ ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョあ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡ツΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ゥ ⊥ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ キ∠ や∠ゴプ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇カゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ｚ ま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ∇やヲ⊥らヤ∠ボ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プ - モ ⊥ Β͡ミ∠ヲ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇バル͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠レら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ∀￢ヲ⊥シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ジジ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ⊥ク ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ッケ͡

ラ ͡ ヲ⊥プゅ∠カヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ フ ⊥ あヲガ ∠ Α⊥ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま (169. Think not of t hose as dead who are killed in t he way of Allah. Nay, t hey are alive, wit h t heir Lord, and t hey have provision.) (170. They rej oice in what Allah has best owed upon t hem of His bount y and rej oice for t he sake of t hose who have not yet j oined t hem, but are left behind (not yet mart yred) t hat on t hem no fear shall come, nor shall t hey grieve.) (171. They rej oice in a grace and a bount y from Allah, and t hat Allah will not wast e t he reward of t he believers.) (172. Those who answered (t he Call of) Allah and t he Messenger aft er being wounded; for t hose of t hem who did good deeds and feared Allah, t here is a great reward.) (173. Those t o whom t he people said, "Verily, t he people have gat hered against you, t herefore, fear t hem.'' But it (only) increased t hem in fait h, and t hey said: "Allah is Sufficient for us, and He is t he Best Disposer of affairs.'') (174. So t hey ret urned wit h grace and bount y from Allah. No harm t ouched t hem; and t hey followed t he pleasure of Allah. And Allah is t he Owner of great bount y.) (175. It is only Shayt an t hat suggest s t o you t he fear of his friends; so fear t hem not , but fear Me, if you are indeed believers.)

Virtues of the Martyrs Allah st at es t hat even t hough t he mart yrs were killed in t his life, t heir souls are alive and receiving provisions in t he Dwelling of Everlast ing Life. In his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat Masruq said, "We asked ` Abdullah about t his Ayah,

∇モよ∠ ゅ⇔ゎ∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホコ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∀￢ゅ∠Β∇ェ∠ぺ (Think not of t hose as dead who are killed in t he way of Allah. Nay, t hey are alive, wit h t heir Lord, and t hey have provision.) He said, ` We asked t he Messenger of Allah t he same quest ion and he said,

モ ⊥ Α͡キゅ∠レホ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ∩∃ゲ∇ツカ ⊥ ゲ∃ ∇Βデ ∠ フ ͡ ∇ヲィ ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ェ ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ケぺ∠» ∩∇れ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゥ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∩͡ス∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ る∀ ボ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ョ⊥ ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ノ∠ ヤ∠デ ｚ ゅ∠プ ∩͡モΑ͡キゅ∠レボ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヵ͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヵ ｚ ぺ∠ :やヲャ⊥ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∨ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ る⇔ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヤデ あや ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゥ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ジル∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ヰ∠わ∇ゼ∠ル ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠

∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∩∃れやｚゲョ∠ ゐ ∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ ∨ゅ∠レ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲル⊥ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∩やヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇わΑ⊥ ∇リャ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ モ ∠ わ∠ ∇ボル⊥ ヴわｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠ジ∇ィぺ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠レェ ∠ や∠ヱ∇ケぺ∠ ｚキゲ⊥ ゎ∠ ∩∀るィ ∠ ゅ∠ェ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ン∠ぺケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∩ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ り⇔ ゲｚ ョ∠ «やヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ゎ⊥ (Their souls are inside green birds t hat have lamps, which are hanging below t he Throne (of Allah), and t hey wander about in Paradise wherever t hey wish. Then t hey ret urn t o t hose lamps. Allah looks at t hem and says, ` Do you wish for anyt hing' They say, ` What more could we wish for, while we go wherever we wish in Paradise' Allah asked t hem t his quest ion t hrice, and when t hey realize t hat He will keep asking t hem unt il t hey give an answer, t hey say, ` O Lord! We wish t hat our souls be ret urned t o our bodies so t hat we are killed in Your cause again.' Allah knew t hat t hey did not have any ot her wish, so t hey were left .)''' There are several ot her similar narrat ions from Anas and Abu Sa` id. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ワゲぁ ジ ⊥ Α∠ ∩∀ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∩⊥れヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» ∇ラぺ∠ ロ⊥ ぁゲジ ⊥ Α∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩⊥ギΒ͡ヰゼ ｚ ャや ゅｚャま͡ ∩ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ノ∠ ィ ͡ ∇ゲゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ン∠ゲΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∩ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ り⇔ ゲｚ ョ∠ モ ∠ わ∠ ∇ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ノ∠ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ «り∠キゅ∠ヰゼ ∠ ャや モ ͡ ∇ツプ∠ (No soul t hat has a good st anding wit h Allah and dies would wish t o go back t o t he life of t his world, except for t he mart yr. He would like t o be ret urned t o t his life so t hat he could be mart yred again, for he t ast es t he honor achieved from mart yrdom.) Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h In addit ion, Imam Ahmad recorded t hat , Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ユヰ⊥ ェ ∠ や∠ヱ∇ケぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ やモ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ∩∃ギェ ⊥ ほ⊥よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ル⊥ や∠ヲ∇カま͡ ょ ∠ Β͡タぺ⊥ ゅｚヨャ∠» ∩͡る⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ キ⊥ ゲ͡ ゎ∠ ∩∃ゲ∇ツカ ⊥ ゲ∃ ∇Βデ ∠ フ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ィぺ∠ ヶ͡プ

ょ ∃ ワ∠ ク∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ∠ Α͡キゅ∠レホ∠ ヴャ͡ま ヵ͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワケ͡ ゅ∠ヨを͡ ∇リョ͡ モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ゼョ∠ ょ ∠ Β͡デ やヱ⊥ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∩͡ス∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや モ あニ ͡ ヶ͡プ ゅレ∠ ル∠ や∠ヲ∇カま͡ ろ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠Α :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ ら͡ ヤｚボ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ リ ∠ ∇ジェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡キゅ∠ヰイ ͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ やヱ⊥ギワ∠ ∇ゴΑ∠ ゅｚヤゃ∠ ャ͡ ∩ゅ∠レャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ノ∠ レ∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ゅ∇ル∠ぺ :モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩͡ゆ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ «ユ⊥ム∇レハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ピ⊥ あヤよ∠ ぺ⊥ (When your brot hers were killed in Uhud, Allah placed t heir souls inside green birds t hat t end t o t he rivers of Paradise and eat from it s fruit s. They t hen ret urn t o golden lamps hanging in t he shade of t he Throne. When t hey t ast ed t he delight of t heir food, drink and dwelling, t hey said, ` We wish t hat our brot hers knew what Allah gave us so t hat t hey will not abandon Jihad or warfare.' Allah said, ` I will convey t he news for you.') Allah revealed t hese and t he following Ayat ,

∇モよ∠ ゅ⇔ゎ∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホコ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∀￢ゅ∠Β∇ェ∠ぺ (Think not of t hose as dead who are killed in t he way of Allah. Nay, t hey are alive, wit h t heir Lord, and t hey have provision.) Qat adah, Ar-Rabi` and Ad-Dahhak said t hat t hese Ayat were revealed about t he mart yrs of Uhud. Abu Bakr Ibn Marduwyah recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said, "The Messenger of Allah looked at me one day and said, ` O Jabir! Why do I see you sad' I said, ` O Messenger of Allah! My fat her was mart yred and left behind debt s and children.' He said,

￢͡ や∠ケヱ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅｚャま͡ テ ぁ ホ∠ や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ユ∠ ヤｚミ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∨∠ポゲ⊥ ら͡ ∇カぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» «ゅ⇔ェゅ∠ヘミ͡ ポ ∠ ゅ∠よぺ∠ ユ∠ ヤｚミ∠ ヮｚルま͡ヱ∠ ∩∃ゆゅ∠イェ ͡ :

:

ヴ∠ャま͡ ｚキケ∠ ぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ⊥ほ∠∇シぺ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ .マ ∠ト ͡ ∇ハぺ⊥ ヶ͡レ∇ヤシ ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ» ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ :モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ゆ ぁ ゲｚ ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩⇔るΒ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠を マ ∠ Β͡プ モ ∠ わ∠ ∇ホほ⊥プ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ .ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ :メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヶあレョ͡ ペ ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ «ヶ͡もや∠ケヱ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇ヒヤ͡∇よほ∠プ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ∇ヵぺ∠ (Should I t ell you t hat Allah never spoke t o anyone except from behind a veil However, He spoke t o your fat her direct ly. He said, ` Ask Me and I will give you.' He said, ` I ask t hat I am ret urned t o life so t hat I am killed in Your cause again.' The Lord, Exalt ed He be, said, ` I have spoken t he word t hat t hey shall not be ret urned back t o it (t his life). ' He said, ` O Lord! Then convey t he news t o t hose I left behind.') Allah revealed,

びゅ⇔ゎ∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Think not of t hose as dead who are killed in t he way of Allah...)'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

る∃ らｚ ホ⊥ ヶ͡プ ∩͡る⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ら͡よ ゲ∃ ∇ヰル∠ ベ ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠よ ヴヤ∠ハ ￢⊥ や∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや» り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ る͡ ⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ∩∠￢や∠ゲ∇ツカ ∠ «ゅ６Βゼ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ (The mart yrs convene at t he shore of a river close t o t he door of Paradise, in a green t ent , where t heir provisions are brought t o t hem from Paradise day and night .) Ahmad and Ibn Jarir collect ed t his Hadit h, which has a good chain of narrat ion. It appears t hat t he mart yrs are of different t ypes, some of t hem wander in Paradise, and some remain close t o t his river by t he door of Paradise. It is also possible t hat t he river is where all t he souls of t he mart yrs convene and where t hey are provided wit h t heir provision day and night , and Allah knows best . UImam Ahmad narrat ed a Hadit h t hat cont ains good news for every believer t hat his soul will be wandering in Paradise, as well, eat ing from it s fruit s, enj oying it s delight s and happiness and t ast ing t he honor t hat Allah has prepared in it for him. This Hadit h has a unique, aut hent ic chain of narrat ion t hat includes t hree of t he Four Imams. Imam Ahmad narrat ed t his Hadit h from Muhammad bin Idris Ash-Shafi` i who narrat ed it from Malik bin Anas Al-Asbuhi, from Az-Zuhri, from ` Abdur-Rahman bin Ka` b bin Malik t hat his fat her said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

る͡ ⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ イ ∠セ ∠ ヶ͡プ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇バΑ∠ ∀ゲ͡もゅ∠デ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ ヨ∠ ジ ∠ ル∠ » «ヮ⊥ん∠バ∇ら∠Α ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ジ ∠ィ ∠ ヴャ͡ま ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ バ∠ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ (The soul of t he believer becomes a bird t hat feeds on t he t rees of Paradise, unt il Allah sends him back t o his body when He resurrect s him.) This Hadit h st at es t hat t he souls of t he believers are in t he shape of a bird in Paradise. As for t he souls of mart yrs, t hey are inside green birds, like t he st ars t o t he rest of t he believing souls. We ask Allah t he Most Generous t hat He makes us firm on t he fait h. Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ヨよ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ェゲ͡ プ∠ ぴ (They rej oice in what Allah has best owed upon t hem) indicat es t hat t he mart yrs who were killed in Allah's cause are alive wit h Allah, delight ed because of t he bount y and happiness t hey are enj oying. They are also await ing t heir bret hren, who will die in Allah's cause aft er t hem, for t hey will be meet ing t hem soon. These mart yrs do not have fear about t he fut ure or sorrow for what t hey left behind. We ask Allah t o grant us Paradise. The Two Sahihs record from Anas, t he st ory of t he sevent y Ansar Companions who were murdered at Bir Ma` unah in one night . In t his Hadit h, Anas report ed t hat t he Prophet used t o supplicat e t o Allah in Qunut in prayer against t hose who killed t hem. Anas said, "A part of t he Qur'an was revealed about t hem, but was lat er abrogat ed, ` Convey t o our people t hat we met Allah and He was pleased wit h us and made us pleased.''' Allah said next ,

Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡ツΑ⊥ (They rej oice in a grace and a bount y from Allah, and t hat Allah will not wast e t he reward of t he believers) 3:171 . Muhammad bin Ishaq comment ed, "They were delight ed and pleased because of Allah's promise t hat was fulfilled for t hem, and for t he t remendous rewards t hey earned.'' ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, "This Ayah encompasses all t he believers, mart yrs and ot herwise. Rarely does Allah ment ion a bount y and a reward t hat He grant ed t o t he Prophet s, wit hout following t hat wit h what He has grant ed t he believers aft er t hem.''

The Battle of Hamra' Al-Asad Allah said,

べ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ びゥ ⊥ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ (Those who answered (t he Call of) Allah and t he Messenger aft er being wounded) 3:172 . This occurred on t he day of Hamra' Al-Asad. Af t er t he idolat ors defeat ed t he Muslims (at Uhud), t hey st art ed on t heir way back home, but soon t hey were concerned because t hey did not finish off t he Muslims in Al-Madinah, so t hey set out t o make t hat bat t le t he final one. When t he Messenger of Allah got news of t his, he commanded t he Muslims t o march t o meet t he disbelievers, t o bring fear t o t heir heart s and t o demonst rat e t hat t he Muslims st ill had st rengt h t o fight . The Prophet only allowed t hose who were present during Uhud t o accompany him, except for Jabir bin ` Abdullah Al-Ansari, as we will ment ion. The Muslims mobilized, even t hough t hey were st ill suffering from t heir inj uries, in obedience t o Allah and His Messenger . Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Ikrimah said, "When t he idolat ors ret urned t owards Makkah aft er Uhud, t hey said, ` You neit her killed Muhammad nor collect ed female capt ives. Woe t o you for what you did. Let us go back.' When t he Messenger of Allah heard t his news, he mobilized t he Muslim forces, and t hey marched unt il t hey reached Hamra Al-Asad. The idolat ors said, ` Rat her, we will meet next year', and t he Messenger of Allah went back t o AlMadinah , and t his was considered a Ghazwah (bat t le). Allah sent down,

べ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ゥ ⊥ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ (Those who answered (t he Call of) Allah and t he Messenger aft er being wounded; for t hose of t hem who did good deeds and feared Allah, t here is a great reward.) Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` A'ishah said t o ` Urwah about t he Ayah;

びメ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who answered (t he Call of) Allah and t he Messenger) "My nephew! Your fat hers Az-Zubayr and Abu Bakr were among t hem. Aft er t he Prophet suffered t he calamit y at Uhud and t he idolat ors went back, he feared t hat t he idolat ors might t ry t o come back and he said, ` Who would follow t hem' Sevent y men, including Az-Zubayr and Abu Bakr, volunt eered.'' This was recorded by Al-Bukhari alone. As for Allah's st at ement ,

∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ｚ ま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ びゅ⇔レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇ユワ⊥ キ∠ や∠ゴプ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇カゅ∠プ (Those unt o whom t he people said, "Verily, t he people have gat hered against you, t herefore, fear t hem.'' But it (only) increased t hem in fait h) 3:173 , it means, t hose who t hreat ened t he people, saying t hat t he disbelievers have amassed against t hem, in order t o inst ill fear in t hem, but t his did not worry t hem, rat her, t hey t rust ed in Allah and sought His help,

びモ ⊥ Β͡ミ∠ヲ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇バル͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠レら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey said: "Allah is Sufficient for us, and He is t he Best Disposer of affairs.'') Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

びモ ⊥ Β͡ミ∠ヲ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇バル͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠レら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ぴ ("Allah Alone is Sufficient for us and He is t he Best Disposer of affairs for us.'') "Ibrahim said it when he was t hrown in fire. Muhammad said it when t he people said, ` Verily, t he people have gat hered against you, t herefore, fear t hem.' But it only increased t hem in fait h, and t hey said, ` Allah is Sufficient for us and He is t he Best Disposer of affairs for us.''' Abu Bakr Ibn Marduwyah recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said t hat t he Prophet was t old on t he day of Uhud, "Verily, t he people have gat hered against you, t herefore, fear t hem.'' Thereaft er, Allah sent down t his Ayah 3:173 . This is why Allah said,

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ジジ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らヤ∠ボ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プぴ び∀￢ヲ⊥シ (So t hey ret urned wit h grace and bount y from Allah. No harm t ouched t hem;) for when t hey relied on Allah, Allah t ook care of t heir worries, He confounded t he plot s of t heir enemies, and t he Muslims ret urned t o t heir land,

び∀￢ヲ⊥シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ジジ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ぴ (wit h grace and bount y from Allah. No harm t ouched t hem;) safe from t he wicked plot s of t heir enemies,

びユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ⊥ク ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ッケ͡ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (and t hey followed t he pleasure of Allah. And Allah is t he Owner of great bount y.) Al-Bayhaqi recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about Allah's st at ement ,

びモ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らヤ∠ボ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プぴ (So t hey ret urned wit h grace and bount y from Allah,) "The ` Grace' was t hat t hey were saved. The ` Bount y' was t hat a caravan passed by, and t hose days were Haj j season days. Thus t he Messenger of Allah bought and sold and made a profit , which he divided bet ween his Companions.'' Allah t hen said,

びロ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ フ ⊥ あヲガ ∠ Α⊥ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (It is only Shayt an t hat suggest s t o you t he fear of his friends,) 3:175 meaning, Shayt an t hreat ens you wit h his friends and t ries t o pret end t hey are powerful and fearsome. Allah said next ,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ラ ͡ ヲ⊥プゅ∠カヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so fear t hem not , but fear Me, if you are indeed believers.) meaning, "If Shayt an brings t hese t hought s t o you, t hen depend on Me and seek refuge wit h Me. Indeed, I shall suffice you and make you prevail over t hem.'' Similarly, Allah said,

リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ͡よ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥プヲあ ガ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇らハ ∠ フ ∃ ゅ∠ムよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ぴ びヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ (Is not Allah Sufficient for His servant Yet t hey t ry t o fright en you wit h t hose besides Him!) 39: 36 , unt il,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミあ ヲ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ⇒ｚミ∠ヲ∠わ∠Α ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヴ ∠ ら͡ ∇ジェ ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Sufficient for me is Allah; in Him t hose who t rust must put t heir t rust .'') 39:38 . Allah said,

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ギ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ￢∠ ゅ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボプ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ヘΒ͡バッ ∠ (So fight you against t he friends of Shayt an; ever feeble indeed is t he plot of Shayt an.) 4:76 and

リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ ∇ゴェ ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ゆ ⊥ ∇ゴェ ͡ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ (They are t he part y of Shayt an. Verily, it is t he part y of Shayt an t hat will be t he losers!) 58:19 ,

ン ｘ ヲ͡ ホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ͡ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ リ ｚ ら∠ ヤ͡∇ビΙ ∂ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ぴ び ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ (Allah has decreed: "Verily, it is I and My Messengers who shall be t he vict orious.'' Verily, Allah is All-Powerful, All-Might y.) 58:21 and

びロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠Α リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ｚ ゲ∠ ダ ⊥ レ∠Βャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Verily, Allah will help t hose who help His (cause).) 22:40 and

び∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Α ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠ゎ ラ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O you who believe! If you help (in t he cause of) Allah, He will help you) 47:7 , and,

り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠レャ∠ ゅｚル͡まぴ ∠リΒ͡ヨ͡ヤ⇒ｚヌャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ギ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇セΙ ｘ や ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや び ケ͡ やｚギャや ￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ∇バヤｚ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇バョ∠

(Verily, We will indeed make vict orious Our Messengers and t hose who believe, in t his world's life and on t he Day when t he wit nesses will st and fort h. The Day when t heir excuses will be of no profit t o wrongdoers. Theirs will be t he curse, and t heirs will be t he evil abode.) 40:51,52

リ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゲ͡ ⇒∠ジΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ル⊥ゴ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ⇔ヌ ∂ェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ リ∠ャ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηゅ͡よ ゲ∠ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇セや ヴ͡ヤ∇ヨル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ゅ⇔ヨ∠ ∇をま͡ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠キ∇ゴΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∇ヨル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル６Ι ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ び ∀リΒ͡ヰョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ユ⊥ ∇ヰャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ケ∠ グ∠ Β∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚョぴ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ょ ͡ Βあ ト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゑ ∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ∠ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケぁ リ͡ョ ヴ͡らわ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ヤ͡∇トΒ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ∠ゎ∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ べ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤガ ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ゲｘ セ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤガ ͡ よ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホヲｚ ト ∠ Β⊥ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゐ ⊥ や∠ゲΒ͡ョ び ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠

(176. And let not t hose grieve you who rush wit h hast e t o disbelieve; verily, not t he least harm will t hey do t o Allah. It is Allah's will t o give t hem no port ion in t he Hereaft er. For t hem t here is a great t orment .) (177. Verily, t hose who purchase disbelief at t he price of fait h, not t he least harm will t hey do t o Allah. For t hem, t here is a painful t orment .) (178. And let not t he disbelievers t hink t hat Our post poning t heir punishment is good for t hem. We post pone t he punishment only so t hat t hey may increase in sinfulness. And for t hem is a disgraceful t orment .) (179. Allah will not leave t he believers in t he st at e in which you are now, unt il He dist inguishes t he wicked from t he good. Nor will Allah disclose t o you t he secret s of t he Unseen, but Allah chooses of His Messengers whom He wills. So believe in Allah and His Messengers. And if you believe and have Taqwa of Allah, t hen for you t here is a great reward.) (180. And let not t hose who are st ingy wit h t hat which Allah has best owed on t hem of His bount y t hink t hat it is good for t hem. Nay, it will be worse for t hem; t he t hings t hat t hey were st ingy wit h shall be t ied t o t heir necks like a collar on t he Day of Resurrect ion. And Allah's is t he inherit ance of t he heavens and t he eart h; and Allah is Well-Acquaint ed wit h all t hat you do.)

Comforting the Messenger of Allah Allah said t o His Prophet ,

びゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゲ͡ ⇒∠ジΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ル⊥ゴ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And let not t hose grieve you who rush wit h hast e t o disbelieve) 3:176 . Because t he Prophet was eager for people's benefit , he would become sad when t he disbelievers would resort t o defiance, rebellion and st ubbornness. Allah said, ` Do not be saddened by t his behavior,'

モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ リ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ びり͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔ヌ ∂ェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ (verily, not t he least harm will t hey do t o Allah. It is Allah's will t o give t hem no port ion in t he Hereaft er.) for He decided wit h His power and wisdom t hat t hey shall not acquire any share in t he Hereaft er,

び∀ユΒ͡ヌハ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (For t hem t here is a great t orment .) Allah said about t he disbelievers,

びリ ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηゅ͡よ ゲ∠ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇セや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who purchase disbelief at t he price of fait h,) by exchanging disbelief for fait h,

びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ リ∠ャぴ (not t he least harm will t hey do t o Allah.) Rat her, t hey will only harm t hemselves,

び∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (For t hem, t here is a painful t orment .) Allah said next ,

∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∇ヨル⊥ ゅヨ∠ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ユ⊥ ∇ヰャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∠ ∇をま͡ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠キ∇ゴΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∇ヨル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル６Ι び ∀リΒ͡ヰョぁ (And let not t he disbelievers t hink t hat Our post poning t heir punishment is good for t hem. We post pone t he punishment only so t hat t hey may increase in sinfulness. And for t hem is a disgraceful t orment ) 3:178 . This st at ement is similar t o Allah's ot her st at ement s,

- リ ∠ Β͡レよ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∃ ゅｚョ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁギヨ͡ ル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ｚ モ∠よ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ネ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ジル⊥ (Do t hey t hink t hat because We have given t hem abundant wealt h and children, hast en unt o t hem wit h good t hings. Nay, but t hey perceive not .) 23:55,56 and

t hat

We

∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ⊥ ケ͡ ∇ギわ∠ ∇ジレ∠ シ ∠ ゑ ͡ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ ゆ ⊥ あグム∠ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ͡ル∇ケグ∠ プ∠ ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョあ

(Then leave Me Alone wit h such as belie t his Qur'an. We shall punish t hem gradually from direct ions t hey perceive not .) 68:44 , and,

ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇らイ ͡ ∇バゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ペ ∠ ワ∠ ∇ゴゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ Α⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ (And let not t heir wealt h or t heir children amaze you. Allah's plan is t o punish t hem wit h t hese t hings in t his world, and t hat t heir souls shall depart (die) while t hey are disbelievers) 9:85 . Allah t hen said,

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ケ∠ グ∠ Β∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅョｚ ぴ びょ ͡ Βあ ト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゑ ∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ∠ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ (Allah will not leave t he believers in t he st at e in which you are now, unt il He dist inguishes t he wicked from t he good.) 3:179 , meaning, He allows a calamit y t o happen, and during t his calamit y His friend becomes known and His enemy exposed, t he pat ient believer recognized and t he sinful hypocrit e revealed. This Ayah refers t o Uhud, since Allah t est ed t he believers in t hat bat t le, t hus making known t he fait h, endurance, pat ience, firmness and obedience t o Allah and His Messenger t hat t he believers had. Allah exposed t he hypocrit es in t heir defiance, revert ing from Jihad, and t he t reachery t hey commit t ed against Allah and His Messenger . This is why Allah said,

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ケ∠ グ∠ Β∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚョぴ びょ ͡ Βあ ト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゑ ∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ∠ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ (Allah will not leave t he believers in t he st at e in which you are now, unt il He dist inguishes t he wicked from t he good.) Muj ahid comment ed, "He dist inguished bet ween t hem during t he day of Uhud.'' Qat adah said, "He dist inguished bet ween t hem in Jihad and Hij rah.'' Allah said next ,

びょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ヤ͡∇トΒ⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(Nor will Allah disclose t o you t he secret s of t he Unseen.) meaning, you do not have access t o Allah's knowledge of His creat ion so t hat you can dist inguish bet ween t he believer and t he hypocrit e, except by t he signs of each t ype t hat Allah uncovers. Allah's st at ement ,

び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケぁ リ͡ョ ヴ͡らわ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (but Allah chooses of His Messengers whom He wills.) is similar t o anot her Ayah,

リ ͡ ョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ - や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇ヌΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ハぴ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ マ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ジΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リ͡ョ ヴ∠ツゎ∠ ∇ケや び や⇔ギ∠タケ∠ ヮ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ((He Alone is) t he All-Knower of t he Unseen, and He reveals t o none His Unseen. Except t o a Messenger (from mankind) whom He has chosen, and t hen He makes a band of wat ching guards (angels) t o march before him and behind him.) 72:26,27 . Allah t hen said,

びヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ぴ (So believe in Allah and His Messengers.) Obey Allah and His Messenger and adhere t o t he law t hat he legislat ed for you,

び∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (and if you believe and fear Allah, t hen for you t here is a great reward.)

The Censure of Selfishness, and Warning Against it Allah said,

リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤガ ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ゲｘ セ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ ( And let not t hose who are st ingy wit h t hat which Allah has best owed on t hem of His bount y (wealt h) t hink t hat it is good for t hem. Nay, it will be worse for t hem.) 3:180

Therefore, t he Ayah says t hat t he miser should not t hink t hat collect ing money will benefit him. Rat her, it will harm him in his religion and worldly affairs. Allah ment ions t he money t hat t he miser collect ed on t he Day of Resurrect ion,

びる͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤガ ͡ よ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホヲｚ ト ∠ Β⊥ シ ∠ぴ (t he t hings t hat t hey st ingy wit h shall be t ied t o t heir necks like a collar on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ⇔ハゅ∠イセ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ んあ ョ⊥ ∩⊥ヮゎ∠ ゅ∠ミコ∠ あキぽ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ャゅ∠ョ ぶ ⊥ や ロ⊥ ゅ∠ゎへ ∇リョ∠ » グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ホ⊥ ｚヲト ∠ Α⊥ ∩͡ラゅ∠わら∠ Β͡よコ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∩∠ネゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ∩∠マャ⊥ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βホ∠ ∇ギゼ ͡ よ͡ ヶ͡レ∇バΑ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ョ∠ ゴ͡ ∇ヰヤ͡よ͡ «ポ⊥ゴ∇レミ∠ (Whoever Allah makes wealt hy and he does not pay t he Zakah due on his wealt h, t hen (on t he Day of Resurrect ion) his wealt h will be made in t he likeness of a bald-headed poisonous male snake wit h t wo black spot s over t he eyes. The snake will encircle his neck and bit e his cheeks and proclaim, ` I am your wealt h, I am your t reasure.') The Prophet t hen recit ed t he Ayah,

リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べヨ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤガ ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ゲｘ セ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ ( And let not t hose who are st ingy wit h t hat which Allah has best owed on t hem of His bount y t hink t hat it is good for t hem. Nay, it will be worse for t hem), unt il t he end. Al-Bukhari, but not Muslim, collect ed t his Hadit h using t his chain of narrat ion, Ibn Hibban also collect ed it in his Sahih. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah said t hat t he Prophet said,

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ͡ ィ ⊥ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ョ り∠ ゅ∠ミコ∠ ヵあキぽ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャギ∃ ∇らハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮバ⊥ ら∠ ∇わΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲぁ ヘ͡ Α∠ ∩⊥ヮバ⊥ ら∠ ∇わΑ∠ ネ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∀ネゅ∠イセ ⊥ «ポ⊥ゴ∇レミ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ (Every person who does not pay t he Zakah due on his wealt h, will have his money made int o t he shape of a bald-headed, poisonous male snake who will follow him. The person will run away from t he snake, who will follow him and proclaim, ` I am your t reasure.') ` Abdullah t hen recit ed t he Ayah in Allah's Book t hat t est ifies t o t his fact ,

びる͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤガ ͡ よ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホヲｚ ト ∠ Β⊥ シ ∠ぴ (t he t hings t hat t hey were st ingy wit h shall be t ied t o t heir necks like a collar on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) This was recorded by At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, and Ibn Maj ah, and At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.'' Allah's st at ement ,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゐ ⊥ や∠ゲΒ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t o Allah belongs t he inherit ance of t he heavens and t he Eart h), means,

びヮ͡ Β͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ヘヤ∠∇ガわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ユ⊥ムヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (and spend of t hat whereof He has made you t rust ees) 57: 7 . Therefore, since all affairs are under Allah's cont rol, t hen spend from your money so it will benefit you on t he Day of Ret urn,

び∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (and Allah is Well-Acquaint ed wit h all t hat you do.) wit h your int ent ions and what your heart s conceal.

∀ゲΒ͡ボ∠プ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ノ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ ￢∠ ゅ∠Βら͡ ルｘΙや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇わホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ョ ょ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムレ∠ シ ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠Βレ͡ ∇ビぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク - ペ ͡ Α͡ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥ク メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボル∠ ヱ∠ ペ ｙェ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ び ギ͡ Β͡らバ∠ ∇ヤャあ ユ∃ ⇒ｚヤヌ ∠ よ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シゲ∠ ャ͡ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ギ∠ ヰ͡ ハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠レΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヴ͡ヤ∇らホ∠ リあョ ∀モシ ⊥ ケ⊥ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま やヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ∀モシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゆ ∠ グあ ミ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ び ͡ゲΒ͡レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ よ⊥ ゴぁ ャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (181. Indeed, Allah has heard t he st at ement of t hose who say: "Truly, Allah is poor and we are rich!'' We shall record what t hey have said and t heir killing of t he Prophet s unj ust ly, and We shall say: "Tast e you t he t orment of t he burning (Fire).'') (182. This is because of t hat which your hands have sent before you. And cert ainly, Allah is never unj ust t o (His) servant s.) (183. Those who said: "Verily, Allah has t aken our promise not t o believe in any Messenger unless he brings t o us an offering which t he fire (from heaven) shall devour. '' Say: "Verily, t here came t o you Messengers before me, wit h Al-Bayinat and even wit h wit h what you speak of; why t hen did you kill t hem, if you are t rut hful'') (184. Then if t hey rej ect you, so were Messengers rej ect ed before you, who came wit h Al-Bayinat and t he Script ures and t he Book of Enlight enment .)

Allah Warns the Idolators Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "When Allah's st at ement ,

ヮ⊥ ヘ∠ ハ ͡ ゅ∠ツΒ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔レジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ⇔ッ∇ゲホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや チ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ボΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや や∠ク リｚョぴ びり⇔ ゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ ゅ⇔プゅ∠バ∇ッぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ (Who is he t hat will lend t o Allah a goodly loan so t hat He may mult iply it t o him many t imes) 2:245 was revealed, t he Jews said, ` O Muhammad! Has your Lord become poor so t hat He asks His servant s t o give Him a loan' Allah sent down,

∀ゲΒ͡ボ∠プ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ノ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ び￢⊥ べ∠Βレ͡ ∇ビぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ (Indeed, Allah has heard t he st at ement of t hose (Jews) who say: "Truly, Allah is poor and we are rich!'') 3:181 .'' This Hadit h was collect ed by Ibn Marduwyah and Ibn Abi Hat im. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ョ ょ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムレ∠ シ ∠ぴ (We shall record what t hey have said) cont ains a t hreat and a warning t hat Allah followed wit h His st at ement ,

びペ ｙェ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠Βら͡ ∇ルｘΙや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ヤ͡∇わホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t heir killing of t he Prophet s unj ust ly,) This is what t hey say about Allah and t his is how t hey t reat His Messengers. Allah will punish t hem for t hese deeds in t he worst manner,

∀ゲΒ͡ボ∠プ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ノ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ ￢∠ ゅ∠Βら͡ ルｘΙや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇わホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ョ ょ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムレ∠ シ ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠Βレ͡ ∇ビぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク - ペ ͡ Α͡ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥ク メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボル∠ ヱ∠ ペ ｙェ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ び ギ͡ Β͡らバ∠ ∇ヤャあ ユ∃ ⇒ｚヤヌ ∠ よ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡

(and We shall say: "Tast e you t he t orment of t he burning (Fire).'' This is because of t hat which your hands have sent before you. And cert ainly, Allah is never unj ust t o (His) servant s.) They will be addressed like t his as a way of chast ising, crit icism, disgrace and humiliat ion. Allah said,

メ ∃ ヲ⊥シゲ∠ ャ͡ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ギ∠ ヰ͡ ハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ びケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠レΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ (Those (Jews) who said: "Verily, Allah has t aken our promise not t o believe in any Messenger unless he brings t o us an offering which t he fire (from heaven) shall devour.'') Allah refut ed t heir claim t hat in t heir Books, Allah t ook a covenant from t hem t o only believe in t he Messenger whose miracles include fire coming down from t he sky t hat consumes t he charit y offered by a member of t he Messenger's nat ion, as Ibn ` Abbas and Al-Hasan st at ed. Allah replied,

びろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヴ͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ リあョ ∀モシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Verily, t here came t o you Messengers before me, wit h Al-Bayinat ...'') wit h proofs and evidence,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よヱ∠ ぴ (and even wit h what you speak of) a fire t hat consumes t he accept ed charit y, as you asked,

び∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ぴ (why t hen did you kill t hem) Why did you meet t hese Prophet s wit h denial, defiance, st ubbornness and even murder,

びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まぴ (if you are t rut hful), if you follow t he t rut h and obey t he Messengers. Allah t hen comfort s His Prophet Muhammad ,

やヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ∀モシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゆ ∠ グあ ミ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ び ͡ゲΒ͡レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ よ⊥ ゴぁ ャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (Then if t hey rej ect you, so were Messengers rej ect ed before you, who came wit h Al-Baiyyinat and t he Script ure, and t he Book of Enlight enment .) meaning, do not be sad because t hey deny you, for you have an example in t he Messengers who came before you. These Messengers were rej ect ed alt hough t hey brought clear proofs, plain evidence and unequivocal signs,

びゲ͡ よ⊥ ゴぁ ャや∠ヱぴ (and t he Zubur), t he divinely revealed Books t hat were sent down t o t he Messengers,

びゲ͡ Β͡レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and t he Book of Enlight enment ) meaning t he clarificat ion and best explanat ion.

∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ ラ ∠ ∇ヲプｚ ヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや る⊥ ボ∠ も͡ へ∠ク ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ͡ ∇キぺ⊥ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゴ͡ ∇ェコ⊥ リ∠ヨプ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ び ケ͡ ヱ⊥ゲピ⊥ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ⇒∠わョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅョ∠ヱ コ∠ ゅ∠プ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ バ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ｚラヲ⊥ ヤ∠∇らわ⊥ ャ∠ ン⇔ク∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ ュ͡ ∇ゴハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ び-ケ͡ ヲ⊥ョ∇Ιや (185. Everyone shall t ast e deat h. And only on t he Day of Resurrect ion shall you be paid your wages in full. And whoever is moved away from t he Fire and admit t ed t o Paradise, he indeed is successful. The life of t his world is only t he enj oyment of decept ion.) (186. You shall cert ainly be t ried and t est ed in your wealt h and propert ies and in yourselves, and you shall cert ainly hear much t hat will grieve you from t hose who received t he Script ure before you (Jews and Christ ians) and from t hose who ascribe part ners t o Allah; but if you persevere pat ient ly, and have Taqwa, t hen verily, t hat will be a det ermining fact or in all affairs.)

Every Soul Shall Taste Death Allah issues a general and encompassing st at ement t hat every living soul shall t ast e deat h. In anot her st at ement , Allah said,

ヱ⊥ク マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇らΑ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∃ ゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ び ュ͡ や∠ゲ∇ミΗ ͡ や∠ヱ モ ͡ ⇒∇ヤイ ∠ ∇ャや (What soever is on it (t he eart h) will perish. And t he Face of your Lord full of maj est y and honor will remain forever) 55:26,27 . Therefore, Allah Alone is t he Ever-Living Who never dies, while t he Jinn, mankind and angels, including t hose who carry Allah's Throne, shall die. The Irresist ible One and Only, will alone remain for ever and ever, remaining Last , as He was t he First . This Ayah comfort s all creat ion, since every soul t hat exist s on t he eart h shall die. When t he t erm of t his life comes t o an end and t he sons of Adam no longer have any new generat ions, and t hus t his world ends, Allah will command t hat t he Day of Resurrect ion commence. Allah will t hen recompense t he creat ion for t heir deeds, whet her minor or maj or, many or few, big or small. Surely, Allah will not deal unj ust ly wit h anyone, even t he weight of an at om, and t his is why He said,

びる͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ ラ ∠ ∇ヲプｚ ヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And only on t he Day of Resurrect ion shall you be paid your wages in full) 3:185 .

Who Shall Gain Ultimate Victory Allah said,

びコ∠ ゅ∠プ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ͡ ∇キぺ⊥ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゴ͡ ∇ェコ⊥ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (And whoever is moved away from t he Fire and admit t ed t o Paradise, he indeed is successful.) meaning, whoever is kept away from t he Fire, saved from it and ent ered int o Paradise, will have achieved t he ult imat e success. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ヅ ∃ ∇ヲシ ∠ ノ⊥ ッ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ » « ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ラま͡ やヱ⊥ぺゲ∠ ∇ホや ∩ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ

(A place in Paradise as small as t hat which is occupied by a whip is bet t er t han t he world and what ever is on it s surface. Read if you will),

びコ∠ ゅ∠プ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ͡ ∇キぺ⊥ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゴ͡ ∇ェコ⊥ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (And whoever is removed away from t he Fire and admit t ed t o Paradise, he indeed is successful). This was collect ed in t he Two Sahihs, but using anot her chain of narrat ion and wit hout t he addit ion (t he Ayah.) Abu Hat im Ibn Hibban recorded it in his Sahih wit hout t he addit ion as did Al-Hakim in his Must adrak. Allah said,

びケ͡ ヱ⊥ゲピ⊥ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ⇒∠わョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲΒ∠ エ ∠ ∇ャや ゅョ∠ヱぴ (The life of t his world is only t he enj oyment of decept ion. ) belit t ling t he value of t his life and degrading it s import ance. This life is short , lit t le and finit e, j ust as Allah said,

ヴ∠ボ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ - ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡を∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ び (Nay, you prefer t he life of t his world. Alt hough t he Hereaft er is bet t er and more last ing.) 87:16,17 , and,

ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ⇒∠わヨ∠ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ユ⊥わΒ͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びヴ∠ボ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ レ∠ Α͡コヱ∠ (And what ever you have been given is an enj oyment of t he life of (t his) world and it s adornment , and t hat (Hereaft er) which is wit h Allah is bet t er and will remain forever) 28:60 . A Hadit h st at es,

∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ザ ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゅｚャま͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡ べ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゅ∠ョ ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ» «ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ノ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲゎ∠ ユ∠ よ͡ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇レΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∩あユΒ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ら⊥ ∇タぺ⊥ (By Allah! This life, compared t o t he Hereaft er, is j ust as insignificant as when one of you dips his finger in t he sea; let him cont emplat e what his finger will come back wit h.) Qat adah comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びケ͡ ヱ⊥ゲピ⊥ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ⇒∠わョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅョ∠ヱぴ (The life of t his world is only t he enj oyment of decept ion.) "Life is a delight . By Allah, ot her t han Whom t here is no deit y, it will soon fade away from it s people. Therefore, t ake obedience t o Allah from t his delight , if you can. Verily, t here is no power except from Allah.''

The Believer is Tested and Hears Grieving Statements from the Enemy Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ｚラヲ⊥ ヤ∠∇らわ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (You shall cert ainly be t ried and t est ed in your wealt h and propert ies and in yourselves), j ust as He said in anot her Ayah,

ゾ ∃ ∇ボル∠ ヱ∠ ネ ͡ ヲ⊥イ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇フヲ∠ガ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ￢∃ ∇ヶゼ ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ムルｚ ∠ヲヤ⊥∇ら∠レ∠ャ∠ヱぴ びれ ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ んｚ ャや∠ヱ ザ ͡ ヘ⊥ ルｘΙや∠ヱ メ ͡ や∠ヲョ∠ Ι ｘやリ ∠ ョあ (And cert ainly, We shall t est you wit h somet hing of fear, hunger, loss of wealt h, lives and fruit s) 2:155 . Therefore, t he believer shall be t est ed, in his wealt h, himself, his offspring and family. The believer shall be t est ed according t o t he degree of his fait h, and when his fait h is st ronger, t he t est is larger.

∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ バ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ン⇔ク∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ (and you shall cert ainly hear much t hat will grieve you from t hose who received t he Script ure before you (Jews and Christ ians) and from t hose who ascribe part ners t o Allah) 3:186 . Allah said t o t he believers upon t heir arrival at Al-Madinah, before Badr, while comfort ing t hem against t he harm t hey suffered from t he People of t he Script ures and t he polyt heist s;

びケ͡ ヲ⊥ョΙ ｙ や ュ͡ ∇ゴハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ

(but if you persevere pat ient ly, and have Taqwa, t hen verily, t hat will be a det ermining fact or in all affairs.) Therefore, Allah commanded t he believers t o be forgiving, pat ient and forbearing unt il He brought His await ed aid. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Usamah bin Zayd said t hat Allah's Messenger rode a donkey wit h a saddle covered by a velvet sheet and let Usamah ride behind him (on t he donkey). The Prophet want ed t o visit Sa` d bin ` Ubadah in Bani Al-Harit h bin Al-Khazraj , and t his occurred before t he bat t le of Badr. The Prophet passed by a gat hering in which ` Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul was sit t ing, before ` Abdullah bin Ubayy became Muslim. That gat hering was made up of various Muslims as well as Mushriks, who worshipped t he idols, and some Jews. ` Abdullah bin Rawahah was sit t ing in t hat gat hering. When t he Prophet reached ` Abdullah bin Ubayy, t he donkey caused some sand t o fall on t he group. Then, ` Abdullah bin Ubayy covered his nose wit h his robe and said, ` Do not fill us wit h sand.' The Messenger of Allah greet ed t he gat hering wit h Salam, called t hem t o Allah and recit ed some of t he Qur'an t o t hem. ` Abdullah bin Ubayy said, ` O fellow! No ot her speech is bet t er t han what you said, if it was t rue! However, do not bot her us in our gat herings. Go back t o your place and whoever came t o you, narrat e your st ories t o him.' ` Abdullah bin Rawahah said, ` Rat her, O Messenger of Allah! At t end our gat herings for we like t hat .' The Muslims, Mushriks and Jews t hen cursed each ot her, and t hey almost fought wit h each ot her. The Prophet t ried t o calm t hem down, unt il t hey finally set t led. The Prophet rode his donkey and went t o Sa` d bin ` Ubadah, saying, ` O Sa` d! Have you heard what Abu Hubbab said (meaning ` Abdullah bin Ubayy) He said such and such t hings. ' Sa` d said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Forgive and pardon him. By Allah, Who sent down t he Book t o you, Allah brought us t he t rut h t hat you came wit h at a t ime when t he people of t his cit y almost appoint ed him king. When Allah changed all t hat wit h t he t rut h t hat He gave you, he choked on it , and t his is t he reason behind t he behavior you saw from him.' The Messenger of Allah forgave him. Indeed, t he Messenger of Allah and his Companions used t o forgive t he Mushriks and t he People of t he Script ures, j ust as Allah commanded t hem, and t hey used t o t olerat e t he harm t hat t hey suffered. Allah said,

∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ バ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ン⇔ク∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ (and you shall cert ainly hear much t hat will grieve you from t hose who received t he Script ure before you (Jews and Christ ians) and from t hose who ascribe part ners t o Allah;) 3:186 , and,

ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ユ⊥ムル∠ ヱぁキゲ⊥ Α∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ キｚ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ギ͡ ∇レハ ͡ ∇リョあ や⇔ギジ ∠ェ ∠ や⇔ケゅｚヘミ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エヘ∠ ∇タや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇ハゅ∠プ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ びロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡

(Many of t he People of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) wish t hat t hey could t urn you away as disbelievers aft er you have believed, out of envy from t heir own selves, even aft er t he t rut h has become manifest unt o t hem. But forgive and overlook, t ill Allah brings His command) 2:109 . The Prophet used t o implement t he pardon t hat Allah commanded him unt il He gave His command (t o fight t he disbelievers). When t he Messenger fought at Badr, and Allah killed, by his hand, t he leaders of t he disbelievers from Quraysh, ` Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul and t he Mushriks and idol worshippers who were wit h him said, ` This mat t er has prevailed,' and t hey gave t heir pledge t o t he Prophet and became Muslims.'' Therefore, every person who st ands for t rut h, enj oins right eousness and forbids evil, will be harmed in some manner. In such cases, t here is no cure bet t er t han being pat ient in Allah's cause, t rust ing in Him and ret urning t o Him.

ヮ⊥ ｚレレ⊥ あΒら∠ わ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ペ ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ケヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グら∠ レ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ プ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ヨを∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ わ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ ヱｚ ∇や∇ヲゎ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ リ ∠ ョあ り∃ コ∠ ゅ∠ヘヨ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠ヨ∇エΑ⊥ び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ (187. (And remember) when Allah t ook a covenant from t hose who were given t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) t o make it (t he t rut h) known and clear t o mankind, and not t o hide it , but t hey t hrew it away behind t heir backs, and purchased wit h it some miserable gain! And indeed worst is t hat which t hey bought .) (188. Think not t hat t hose who rej oice in what t hey have done (or brought about ), and love t o be praised for what t hey have not done, t hink not t hat t hey are rescued from t he t orment , and for t hem is a painful t orment .) (189. And t o Allah belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h, and Allah has power over all t hings.)

Chastising the People of the Scriptures for Breaking the Covenant and Hiding the Truth

In t his Ayah, Allah chast ises t he People of t he Script ures, from whom Allah t ook t he covenant by t he words of t heir Prophet s, t hat t hey would believe in Muhammad and describe him t o t he people, so t hat t hey would recognize and follow him when Allah sent him. However, t hey hid t his t rut h and preferred t he t he small amount s and t he mat erial gains inst ead of t he rewards of t his life and t he Hereaft er t hat t hey were promised. This is a losing deal and a failing t rade, indeed. These Ayat also cont ain a warning for t he scholars not t o imit at e t heir behavior, so t hat t hey do not suffer t he same fat e and become like t hem. Therefore, t he scholars are required t o spread t he beneficial knowledge t hat t hey have, encouraging t he various right eous good deeds. They are also warned against hiding any part of t heir knowledge. A Hadit h st at es t hat t he Prophet said,

る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ユ∠ イ ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥ ∩⊥ヮヨ∠ わ∠ ム∠ プ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ モ ∠ ゃ͡ シ ⊥ ∇リョ∠ » «ケゅ∠ル ∇リョ͡ ュ∃ ゅ∠イヤ͡よ͡ (Whoever was asked about knowledge t hat he knew but did not disclose it , will be t ied wit h a bridle made of fire on t he Day of Resurrect ion.)

Chastising Those Who Love to be Praised for What They Have not Done Allah's st at ement ,

ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ ヱｚ ∇や∇ヲゎ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ び∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠ヨ∇エΑ⊥ (Think not t hat t hose who rej oice in what t hey have done, and love t o be praised for what t hey have not done), refers t o t hose who show off, rej oice in what t hey do and claim t o do what t hey have not done. The Two Sahihs recorded t hat t he Prophet said,

ぶ ⊥ や ロ⊥ ∇キゴ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゲ∠ んｚ ム∠ わ∠ Β∠ ャ͡ る⇔ よ∠ ク͡ ゅ∠ミ り⇔ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ヴ∠ハキｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ » «るｚヤホ͡ ゅｚャま͡ (Whoever issues a false claim t o acquire some t ype of gain, t hen Allah will only grant him decrease.) The Sahih also recorded;

«ケヱ⊥コ ∇ヶよ∠ ∇ヲを∠ ザ ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠ヤミ∠ ∩∠テ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ノ⊥ らあ ゼ ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや» (He who claims t o do what he has not done, is j ust like a person who wears t wo robes made of falsehood.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Marwan t old his guard Rafi` t o go t o Ibn ` Abbas and proclaim t o him, "If every person among us who rej oices wit h what he has done and loves t o be praised for what he has not done will be t orment ed, we all will be t orment ed.'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "This Ayah was revealed about t he People of t he Script ures.'' He t hen recit ed t he Ayah,

ヮ⊥ ｚレレ⊥ あΒら∠ わ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ペ ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ケヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グら∠ レ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ プ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ヨを∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ わ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ((And remember) when Allah t ook a covenant from t hose who were given t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) t o make it (t he t rut h) known and clear t o mankind, and not t o hide it , but t hey t hrew it away behind t heir backs, and purchased wit h it some miserable gain! And indeed worst is t hat which t hey bought .) t hen t he Ayah,

ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ ヱｚ ∇や∇ヲゎ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ び∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠ヨ∇エΑ⊥ (Think not t hat t hose who rej oice in what t hey have done, and love t o be praised for what t hey have not done) Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Prophet asked t hem about somet hing, and t hey hid it s knowledge, giving him an incorrect answer. They part ed aft er showing off and rej oicing in front of him because t hey answered him, so t hey pret ended, and t hey were delight ed t hat t hey hid t he correct news about what he had asked t hem.'' This was recorded by Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At -Tirmidhi and AnNasa'i. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri said, "During t he t ime of t he Messenger of Allah , when t he Messenger would go t o bat t le, some hypocrit e men would remain behind and rej oice because t hey did not accompany t he Prophet in bat t le. When t he Messenger would come back, t hey would ask him t o excuse t hem swearing t o having some excuse, and want ing t o be praised for t hat which t hey did not do. So Allah revealed,

ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ ヱｚ ∇や∇ヲゎ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ び∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠ヨ∇エΑ⊥ (Think not t hat t hose who rej oice in what t hey have done, and love t o be praised for what t hey have not done),'' t o t he end of t he Ayah.'' And Muslim recorded similarly. Allah said;

びゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ り∃ コ∠ ゅ∠ヘヨ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t hink not t hat t hey are rescued from t he t orment , ) Do not t hink t hat t hey will be saved from punishment , rat her it will cert ainly st rike t hem. So Allah said;

び∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and for t hem is a painful t orment .) Allah t hen said,

あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ (And t o Allah belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h, and Allah has power over all t hings.) He is t he Owner of everyt hing, able t o do all t hings and not hing escapes His might . Therefore, fear Him, never defy Him and beware of His anger and revenge. He is t he Most Great , none is great er t han Him, and t he Most Able, none is more able t han He is.

モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ブ ͡ ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱｘΙ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΙ ∂ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ や⇔キヲ⊥バホ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠Βホ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや やグ∠ワ ろ ∠ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ リ∠ョ マ ∠ ルｚま͡ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ - ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ゅ∠レ͡ボ∠プ マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ Κ ⇔ト ͡ ⇒∠よ

ゲ∃ ⇒∠ダ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇Αゴ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや モ ͡カ ͡ ∇ギゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Θャ͡ ン͡キゅ∠レΑ⊥ ゅ⇔Α͡キゅ∠レョ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ べ∠レルｚ ま͡ べ∠レよｚ ケｚ ∇ゲヘあ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ゅｚレョ∠ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レゎ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ - ケ͡ や∠ゲ∇よΙ ｘ や ノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レプｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ゅｚレ∠ハ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ルｚま͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠ルゴ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レゎｚ ギ∠ハ∠ヱ び キ∠ ゅ∠バΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ブ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ガゎ⊥ (190. Verily, in t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he Eart h, and in t he alt ernat ion of night and day, t here are indeed signs for men of underst anding.) (191. Those who remember Allah st anding, sit t ing, and lying down on t heir sides, and t hink deeply about t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h, (saying): "Our Lord! You have not creat ed t his wit hout purpose, glory t o You! Give us salvat ion from t he t orment of t he Fire.) (192. "Our Lord! Verily, whom You admit t o t he Fire, indeed, You have disgraced him; and never will t he wrongdoers find any helpers.) (193. "Our Lord! Verily, we have heard t he call of one calling t o fait h: ` Believe in your Lord,' and we have believed. Our Lord! Forgive us our sins and expiat e from us our evil deeds, and make us die along wit h Al-Abrar (t he most right eous).) (194. "Our Lord! Grant us what You promised us t hrough Your Messengers and disgrace us not on t he Day of Resurrect ion, for You never break (Your) Promise.'')

The Proofs of Tawhid for People of Understanding, their Characteristics, Speech, and Supplications Allah said,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he Eart h,) 3:190 , referring t o t he sky in it s height and spaciousness, t he eart h in it s expanse and densit y, t he t remendous feat ures t hey have of rot at ing planet s, seas, mount ains, desert s, t rees, plant s, fruit s, animals, met als and various beneficial colors, scent s, t ast es and element s.

び͡ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャや ブ ͡ ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや∠ヱぴ (And in t he alt ernat ion of night and day), as one follows and t akes from t he lengt h of t he ot her. For inst ance, at t imes one of t hem becomes longer t han t he ot her, short er t han t he

ot her at t imes and equal t o t he ot her at ot her t imes, and t he same is repeat ed again and again, and all t his occurs by t he decision of t he Almight y, Most Wise. This is why Allah said,

びょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱｘΙ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΙ ∂ぴ (t here are indeed signs for men of underst anding), referring t o t he int elligent and sound minds t hat cont emplat e about t he t rue realit y of t hings, unlike t he deaf and mut e who do not have sound comprehension. Allah said about t he lat t er t ype,

ラ ∠ ヱぁゲヨ⊥ Α∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ る∃ Α∠ や∠￢ リあョ リあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ッ͡ゲ∇バョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ (And how many a sign in t he heavens and t he eart h t hey pass by, while t hey are averse t herefrom. And most of t hem believe not in Allah except t hat t hey at t ribut e part ners unt o Him) 12:105,106 . Allah t hen describes t hose who have good minds,

ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ や⇔キヲ⊥バホ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠Βホ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ (Those who remember Allah st anding, sit t ing, and lying down on t heir sides) 3:191 . Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Imran bin Husayn said t hat , t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ユャ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩や⇔ギハ ͡ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∇ノト ͡ わ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ヨも͡ ゅ∠ホ モ あタ ∠ » «ょ∇レィ ∠ ヴ∠ヤバ∠ プ∠ ∇ノト ͡ わ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ (Pray while st anding, and if you can't , pray while sit t ing, and if you cannot do even t hat , t hen pray lying on your side.) These people remember Allah in all sit uat ions, in t heir heart and speech,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and t hink deeply about t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he Eart h), cont emplat ing about signs in t he sky and eart h t hat t est ify t o t he might , abilit y, knowledge, wisdom, will and mercy of t he Creat or. Allah crit icizes t hose who do not cont emplat e about His creat ion, which t est ifies t o His exist ence, At t ribut es, Shari` ah, His decree and Ayat . Allah said,

ラ ∠ ヱぁゲヨ⊥ Α∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ る∃ Α∠ や∠￢ リあョ リあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ッ͡ゲ∇バョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ (And how many a sign in t he heavens and t he Eart h t hey pass by, while t hey are averse t herefrom. And most of t hem believe not in Allah except t hat t hey at t ribut e part ners unt o Him) 12:105,106 . Allah also praises His believing servant s,

∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔キヲ⊥バホ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠Βホ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ (Those who remember Allah st anding, sit t ing, and lying down on t heir sides, and t hink deeply about t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h), supplicat ing;

びΚ ⇔ト ͡ ⇒∠よ やグ∠ワ ろ ∠ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ ("Our Lord! You have not creat ed t his wit hout purpose,'') You did not creat e all t his in j est and play. Rat her, You creat ed it in t rut h, so t hat You recompense t hose who do evil in kind, and reward t hose who do right eous deeds wit h what is bet t er. The fait hful believers praise Allah and deny t hat He does anyt hing in j est and wit hout purpose, saying,

びマ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ ("glory t o You,''), for You would never creat e anyt hing wit hout purpose,

びケ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ゅ∠レボ͡ プ∠ ぴ

("Give us salvat ion from t he t orment of t he Fire.''), meaning, "O You Who creat ed t he creat ion in t rut h and j ust ice, Who is far from any short comings, or doing t hings wit hout purpose or wit h j est , save us from t he t orment of t he Fire wit h Your power and st rengt h. Direct us t o perform t he deeds t hat make You pleased wit h us. Guide us t o right eous work from which You admit us int o t he delight ful Paradise, and save us from Your painful t orment .'' They next supplicat e,

びヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇Αゴ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや モ ͡カ ͡ ∇ギゎ⊥ リ∠ョ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ べレ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ぴ ("Our Lord! Verily, whom You admit t o t he Fire, indeed, You have disgraced him;), by humiliat ing and disgracing him before all people on t he Day of Gat hering,

びケ∃ ゅ∠ダル∠ぺ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ("and never will t he wrongdoers find any helpers.''), on t he Day of Judgment , who would save t hem from You. Therefore, t here is no escaping what ever fat e You decided for t hem.

びリ ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Θャ͡ ン͡キゅ∠レΑ⊥ ゅ⇔Α͡キゅ∠レョ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ べ∠レルｚ ま͡ べ∠レよｚ ケｚ ぴ ("Our Lord! Verily, we have heard t he call of one calling t o fait h,''), a caller who calls t o fait h, referring t o t he Messenger of Allah ,

びゅｚレョ∠ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ∇ラぺ∠ぴ (` Believe in your Lord,' and we have believed), accept ed his call and followed him.

びゅ∠レよ∠ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プ ゅレ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ぴ ("Our Lord! Forgive us our sins''), on account of our fait h and obeying Your Prophet

びゅ∠レよ∠ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プぴ ("Forgive us our sins''), and cover t hem,

びゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ゅｚレ∠ハ ∇ゲヘあ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ("and expiat e from us our evil deeds''), bet ween us and You, in privat e,

びケ͡ や∠ゲ∇よΙ ｘ や ノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レプｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ("and make us die along wit h Al-Abrar.''), j oin us wit h t he right eous people.

びマ ∠ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レゎｚ ギ∠ハ∠ヱ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レゎ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ ("Our Lord! Grant us what You promised unt o us t hrough Your Messengers'') for our fait h in Your Messengers, or, and t his explanat ion is bet t er; grant us what You promised us by t he words of Your Messengers,

びる͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠ルゴ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ("and disgrace us not on t he Day of Resurrect ion,''), before all creat ion,

びキ∠ ゅ∠バΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ブ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ガゎ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ ("for You never break (Your) Promise.''), for surely, t he promise t hat You conveyed t o Your Messengers, which includes us being resurrect ed before You, shall cert ainly come t o pass. It was t he Prophet 's t radit ion t o recit e t he t en Ayat at t he end of Surah Al ` Imran when he woke up at night for (volunt ary) prayer. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "I slept one night at t he house of my aunt , Maymunah. The Messenger of Allah spoke wit h his wife for a while and t hen went t o sleep. When it was t he t hird part of t he night , he st ood up, looked at t he sky and recit ed,

モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ブ ͡ ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱｘΙ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΙ ∂ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ (Verily, in t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h, and in t he alt ernat ion of night and day, t here are indeed signs for men of underst anding) 3:190 . The Prophet t hen st ood up, performed ablut ion, used Siwak (t o clean his t eet h) and prayed eleven unit s of prayer. When Bilal said t he Adhan, t he Prophet prayed t wo unit s of prayer, went out (t o t he Masj id) and led t he people in t he Dawn prayer.'' This was also collect ed by Muslim. Ibn Marduwyah recorded t hat ` At a' said, "I, Ibn ` Umar and ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr went t o ` A'ishah and ent ered her room, and t here was a screen bet ween us and her. She said, ` O ` Ubayd! What prevent s you from visit ing us' He said, ` What t he poet said, ` Visit every once in a while, and you will be loved more.' Ibn ` Umar said, ` Tell us about t he most unusual t hing you wit nessed from t he Messenger of Allah .' She cried and said, ` All his mat t ers were amazing. On night , he

came close t o me unt il his skin t ouched my skin and said, ` Let me worship my Lord.' I said, ` By Allah I love your being close t o me. I also love t hat you worship your Lord.' He used t he wat erskin and performed ablut ion, but did not use t oo much wat er. He t hen st ood up in prayer and cried unt il his beard became wet . He prost rat ed and cried unt il he made t he ground wet . He t hen laid down on his side and cried. When Bilal came t o alert t he Prophet for t he Dawn prayer, he said, ` O Messenger of Allah! What makes you cry, while Allah has forgiven you your previous and lat t er sins' He said,

∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ヶ͡ム∇よ∠ぺ ∇ラぺ∠ ヶ͡レバ⊥ レ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩⊥メゅ∠ヤよ͡ ゅ∠Α マ ∠エ ∠ ∇Αヱ∠ » «る∠ヤ∇Βヤｚャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ ヶ͡プ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ∇ルぺ⊥ (O Bilal! What prevent s me from crying, when t his night , t his Ayah was revealed t o me,)

モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ブ ͡ ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱｘΙ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΙ ∂ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ (Verily, in t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h, and in t he alt ernat ion of night and day, t here are indeed signs for men of underst anding.)

«ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワぺ∠ゲ∠ ホ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ» (Woe t o he who recit es it but does not cont emplat e it .).''

モ ∃ ョ͡ ゅ∠ハ モ ∠ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡ッぺ⊥ Ι ∠ ヴあルぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠プ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ムツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠んル⊥ぺ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ミ∠ ク∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ヴ͡ヤΒ͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥クヱ⊥ぺヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲイ ∠ ⇒∠ワ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ヤ∠カ ͡ ∇キΕ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ラ ｚ ∠ゲヘあ ∠ミΕ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ⇒∠ホヱ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ リあョ ゅ⇔よや∠ヲを∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ びゆ ͡ や∠ヲんｚ ャや リ ⊥ ∇ジェ ⊥ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (195. So t heir Lord accept ed of t hem (t heir supplicat ion and answered t hem), "Never will I allow t o be lost t he work of any of you, be he male or female. You are (members) one of

anot her, so t hose who emigrat ed and were driven out from t heir homes, and suffered harm in My cause, and who fought and were killed (in My cause), verily, I will expiat e from t hem t heir evil deeds and admit t hem int o Gardens under which rivers flow (in Paradise); a reward from Allah, and wit h Allah is t he best of rewards.'')

Allah Accepts the Supplication of Men of Understanding Allah said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ (So t heir Lord accept ed of t hem), answered t heir invocat ion. Sa` id bin Mansur recorded t hat Salamah, a man from t he family of Umm Salamah said, "Umm Salamah said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Allah does not ment ion women in connect ion wit h Hij rah (Migrat ion).' Allah sent down t he Ayah,

モ ∃ ョ͡ ゅ∠ハ モ ∠ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡ッぺ⊥ Ι ∠ ヴあルぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ びヴ∠んル⊥ぺ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ミ∠ ク∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ (So t heir Lord accept ed of t hem (t heir supplicat ion and answered t hem), "Never will I allow t o be lost t he work of any of you, be he male or female.) The Ansar say t hat Umm Salamah was t he first woman t o migrat e t o t hem.'' Al-Hakim collect ed t his Hadit h in his Must adrak, and said, "It is Sahih according t o t he crit eria of Al-Bukhari but t hey Al-Bukhari and Muslim did not collect it ''. Allah's st at ement ,

∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ミ∠ ク∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ モ ∃ ョ͡ ゅ∠ハ モ ∠ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡ッぺ⊥ Ι ∠ ヴあルぺ∠ぴ びヴ∠んル⊥ぺ ("Never will I allow t o be lost t he work of any of you, be he male or female,) explains t he t ype of answer Allah gave t hem, st at ing t hat no deed of any person is ever lost wit h Him. Rat her, He will complet ely reward each person for his or her good deeds. Allah's st at ement ,

びヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ムツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ぴ (You are (members) one of anot her) means, you are all equal in relat ion t o gaining My reward. Therefore,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲイ ∠ ⇒∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠プぴ (t hose who emigrat ed), by leaving t he land of Shirk and migrat ing t o t he land of fait h, leaving behind t heir loved ones, bret hren, friends and neighbors,

び∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (and were driven out from t heir homes), when t he Mushriks t orment ed t hem and forced t hem t o migrat e,

びヴ͡ヤΒ͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥クヱ⊥ぺヱ∠ ぴ (and suffered harm in My cause), for t heir only wrong, t o t he people, was t hat t hey believed in Allah Alone. In similar Ayat , Allah said,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚΑま͡ヱ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ (and have driven out t he Messenger and yourselves because you believe in Allah your Lord!) 60:1 , and,

ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨボ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ギ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや (And t hey had no fault except t hat t hey believed in Allah, t he Almight y, Wort hy of all praise!) 85:8 . Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ⇒∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (and who fought and were killed (in My cause),) 3:195 refers t o t he highest rank t here is, t hat one fight s in t he cause of Allah and dies in t he process, wit h his face covered in dust and blood. It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat a man said,

:

«ユ∠バル∠ » :

«∨∠ろ∇ヤホ⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ » :

«ゅ⇔ヘル͡ へ モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ヶ͡ャ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ホ ∩∠リ∇Αギｚ ャや ゅｚャま͡ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » ('O Messenger of Allah! If I was killed in Allah's cause, observing pat ience, await ing Allah's reward, at t acking, not ret reat ing, would Allah forgive my sins' The Prophet said, ` Yes.' The Prophet t hen asked t he man, ` What did you ask' When t he man repeat ed t he quest ion, t he Prophet said, ` Yes, except for t he debt , for Jibril conveyed t his t o me right now'.) This is why Allah said here,

ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚヤ∠カ ͡ ∇キΕ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ラ ｚ ゲ∠ あヘミ∠ Ε ⊥ぴ びゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ (verily, I will expiat e from t hem t heir evil deeds and admit t hem int o Gardens under which rivers flow), wit hin Paradise, where t here are rivers of various drinks: milk, honey, wine and fresh wat er. There is what no eye has ever seen, no ear has ever heard and no heart has ever imagined of delight s in Paradise . Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ リあョ ゅ⇔よや∠ヲを∠ ぴ (a reward from Allah) t est ifies t o His might , for t he Might y and Most Great only gives t remendous rewards. Allah's st at ement ,

びゆ ͡ や∠ヲんｚ ャや リ ⊥ ∇ジェ ⊥ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (and wit h Allah is t he best of rewards.'') for t hose who perform good deeds.

∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョ - ギ͡ ⇒∠ヤら͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ⊥ ヤぁボ∠ ゎ∠ ∠マルｚ ゲｚ ピ⊥ ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ͡ ム͡ ャ∠ - キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヨ͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰわ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚ や ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ Ι ∃ ゴ⊥ ル⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ び ケ͡ や∠ゲ∇よΖ ∠ ャあ (196. Let not t he free disposal (and affluence) of t he disbelievers t hroughout t he land deceive you.) (197. A brief enj oyment ; t hen t heir ult imat e abode is Hell; and worst indeed is t hat place for rest .) (198. But , for t hose who have Taqwa of t heir Lord, are Gardens under which rivers flow (in Paradise); t herein are t hey t o dwell, an ent ert ainment from Allah; and t hat which is wit h Allah is t he best for Al-Abrar (t he most right eous).) u

Warning Against Being Deceived by This Life; the Rewards of the Righteous Believers Allah said, do not look at t he disbelievers, who are enj oying various delight s and j oys. Soon, t hey will loose all t his and be t ied t o t heir evil works, for verily, we are only giving t hem t ime, which deceives t hem, when all t hey have is,

び キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヨ͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ ∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョぴ (A brief enj oyment ; t hen t heir ult imat e abode is Hell; and worst indeed is t hat place for rest .) This Ayah is similar t o several ot her Ayat , such as,

Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヴ͡プ メ ⊥ ギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョぴ び キ͡ Κ ∠ ら͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ ぁヤボ∠ ゎ∠ ポ ∠ ∇ケゲ⊥ ∇ピΑ∠ (None disput es in t he Ayat of Allah but t hose who disbelieve. So, let not t heir abilit y of going about here and t here t hrough t he land deceive you!) 40:4 ,

Ι ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ギ∠ Α͡ギゼ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ボ⊥ Α͡グル⊥ (Verily, t hose who invent a lie against Allah, will never be successful. (A brief) enj oyment in t his world! and t hen unt o Us will be t heir ret urn, t hen We shall make t hem t ast e t he severest t orment because t hey used t o disbelieve.) 10:69,70 ,

びナ ∃ Β͡ヤビ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲぁ ト ∠ ∇ツル∠ ｚユを⊥ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ あわヨ∠ ル⊥ ぴ (We let t hem enj oy for a lit t le while, t hen in t he end We shall oblige t hem t o (ent er) a great t orment .) 31:24 ,

び や⇔ギ∇Αヱ∠ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヤヰ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや モ ͡ ヰあ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, give a respit e t o t he disbelievers; deal gent ly wit h t hem for a while.) 86:17 , and,

ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇バわｚ ョｚ リ∠ヨミ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ホΙ ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ジェ ∠ や⇔ギ∇ハヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ∠ヨ∠プ∠ぺぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ⇒∠わョ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲツ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Is he whom We have promised an excellent promise (Paradise) which he will find t rue -- like him whom We have made t o enj oy t he luxuries of t he life of (t his) world, t hen on t he Day of Resurrect ion, he will be among t hose brought up (t o be punished in t he Hell-fire)) 28:61 . Aft er Allah ment ioned t he condit ion of t he disbelievers in t his life and t heir dest inat ion t o t he Fire, He said,

リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ͡ ム͡ ャ∠ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ Ι ∃ ゴ⊥ ル⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ (But , for t hose who have Taqwa of t heir Lord, are Gardens under which rivers flow (in Paradise); t herein are t hey t o dwell, an ent ert ainment from Allah,) 3:198 , for cert ainly,

びケ͡ や∠ゲ∇よΖ ∠ ャあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat which is wit h Allah is t he best for Al-Abrar.) Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Abu Ad-Darda' used t o say, "Deat h is bet t er for every believer. Deat h is bet t er for every disbeliever, and t hose who do not believe me should read Allah's st at ement s,

びケ͡ や∠ゲ∇よΖ ∠ ャあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat which is wit h Allah is t he best for Al-Abrar), and,

∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∇ヨル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ユ⊥ ∇ヰャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∠ ∇をま͡ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠キ∇ゴΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∇ヨル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル６Ι び ∀リΒ͡ヰョぁ (And let not t he disbelievers t hink t hat Our post poning of t heir punishment is good for t hem. We post pone t he punishment only so t hat t hey may increase in sinfulness. And for t hem is a disgraceful t orment .) 3:178 .''

メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ヨャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ リ ∠ Β͡バゼ ͡ ⇒∠カ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ヨを∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Α - ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥トよ͡ や∠ケヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲよ͡ ゅ∠タヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇タや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ (199. And t here are, cert ainly, among t he People of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians), t hose who believe in Allah and in t hat which has been revealed t o you, and in t hat which has been revealed t o t hem, humbling t hemselves before Allah. They do not sell t he verses of Allah for a small price, for t hem is a reward wit h t heir Lord. Surely, Allah is swift in account .) (200. O you who believe! Endure and be more pat ient , and Rabit u, and have Taqwa of Allah, so t hat you may be successful.)

The Condition of Some of the People of the Scriptures and their Rewards Allah st at es t hat some of t he People of t he Book t ruly believe in Him and in what was sent down t o Muhammad , along wit h believing in t he previously revealed Books, and t hey are obedient t o Him and humble t hemselves before Allah.

びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ヨを∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (They do not sell t he verses of Allah for a small price) 3:199 , for t hey do not hide what t hey know of t he glad t idings about t he descript ion of Muhammad , his Prophet hood, and t he descript ion of his Ummah. Indeed, t hese are t he best people among t he People of t he Book, whet her t hey were Jews or Christ ians. Allah said in Surat Al-Qasas,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ワ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ べ∠レよあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚ ョｚ ユ⊥ワゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΒ⊥ ヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚルま び∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ (Those t o whom We gave t he Script ure before it , t hey believe in it (t he Qur'an). And when it is recit ed t o t hem, t hey say: "We believe in it . Verily, it is t he t rut h from our Lord. Indeed even before it we were Muslims. These will be given t heir reward t wice over, because t hey are pat ient ,) 28:52-54 . Allah said,

マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ヱ∠ Κ ∠ ゎ͡ ペ ｚェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∇わ∠Α ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠ゎへ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ びヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ (Those t o whom We gave t he Book, recit e it (follow it ) as it should be recit ed (i.e. followed), t hey are t he ones who believe t herein.) 2:121 ,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∇ヰ∠Α ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ び

(And of t he people of Musa t here is a communit y who lead wit h t rut h and est ablish j ust ice t herewit h.) 7:159 ,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ も͡ べ∠ホ ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ￢⇔ へ∠ヲシ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ジ∇Βャ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ￢∠ べ∠ルや∠￢ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ (Not all of t hem are alike; a part y of t he people of t he Script ure st and for t he right , t hey recit e t he verses of Allah during t he hours of t he night , prost rat ing t hemselves in prayer.) 3:113 , and,

ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ - や⇔ギイ ｚシ ⊥ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ホ∇クΚ ｘ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱゲぁ ガ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ や∠クま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥バ∇ヘヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べ∠レよあ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ び ゅ⇔ハヲ⊥ゼカ ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ム∇らΑ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ホ∇クΚ ｘ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲガ ͡ Α∠ ヱ∠ (Say: "Believe in it (t he Qur'an) or do not believe (in it ). Verily, t hose who were given knowledge before it , when it is recit ed t o t hem, fall down on t heir faces in humble prost rat ion.'' And t hey say: "Glory be t o our Lord! Truly, t he promise of our Lord must be fulfillled.'' And t hey fall down on t heir faces weeping and it increases t heir humilit y.) 17:107109 . These qualit ies exist in some of t he Jews, but only a few of t hem. For inst ance, less t han t en Jewish rabbis embraced t he Islamic fait h, such as ` Abdullah bin Salam. Many among t he Christ ians, on t he ot her hand, embraced t he Islamic fait h. Allah said,

キ∠ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ り⇔ ヱ∠ や∠ギハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ギ∠ イ ͡ わ∠ ャ∠ぴ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ り⇔ キｚ ヲ∠ ョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ラ ｚ ギ∠ イ ͡ わ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ びン∠ケゅ∠ダル∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ (Verily, you will find t he st rongest among men in enmit y t o t he believers t he Jews and t hose who commit Shirk, and you will find t he nearest in love t o t he believers t hose who say: "We are Christ ians.'') 5:82 , unt il,

ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠をほ∠プ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘや (So because of what t hey said, Allah rewarded t hem Gardens under which rivers flow (in Paradise), t hey will abide t herein forever) 5:85 . In t his Ayah, Allah said,

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (for t hem is a reward wit h t heir Lord) 3:199 . When Ja` far bin Abi Talib recit ed Surah Maryam chapt er 19 t o An-Naj ashi, King of Et hiopia, in t he presence of Christ ian priest s and pat riarchs, he and t hey cried unt il t heir beards became wet from crying. The Two Sahihs record t hat when An-Naj ashi died, t he Prophet conveyed t he news t o his Companions and said,

«ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ やヲぁヤダ ∠ プ∠ ∩∠れゅ∠ョ ∇ギホ∠ る͡ ゼ ∠ ら∠ エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ⇔カぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» (A brot her of yours from Et hiopia has passed, come t o offer t he funeral prayer.) He went out wit h t he Companions t o t he Musalla lined t hem up in rows, and aft er t hat led t he prayer. Ibn Abi Naj ih narrat ed t hat Muj ahid said t hat ,

びょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And t here are, cert ainly, among t he People of t he Script ure), refers t o t hose among t hem who embraced Islam. ` Abbad bin Mansur said t hat he asked Al-Hasan Al-Basri about Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ヨャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t here are, cert ainly, among t he People of t he Script ure, t hose who believe in Allah). Al-Hasan said, "They are t he People of t he Book, before Muhammad was sent , who believed in Muhammad and recognized Islam. Allah gave t hem a double reward, for t he fait h t hat t hey had before Muhammad , and for believing in Muhammad (aft er he was sent as Prophet ).'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded bot h of t hese st at ement s. The Two Sahihs record t hat Abu Musa said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«リ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚ ョ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∀る∠をゅ∠ヤ∠を» (Three persons will acquire a double reward. ) He ment ioned among t hem,

«ヶ͡よ リ ∠ ョ∠ へ∠ヱ ヮ͡ Βあ ら͡ レ∠ よ͡ リ ∠ ョ∠ へ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ » (A person from among t he People of t he Book who believed in his Prophet and in me.) Allah's st at ement ,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ヨを∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (They do not sell t he verses of Allah for a small price), means, t hey do not hide t he knowledge t hat t hey have, as t he cursed ones among t hem have done. Rat her, t hey share t he knowledge wit hout a price, and t his is why Allah said,

ノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや (for t hem is a reward wit h t heir Lord. surely, Allah is Swift in account .) Muj ahid comment ed on t he verse,

びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ぴ ((Surely, Allah is) swift in account ), "He is swift in reckoning,'' as Ibn Abi Hat im and ot hers have recorded from him.

The Command for Patience and Ribat Allah said,

∇やヱ⊥ゲよ͡ ゅ∠タヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇タや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ び∇やヲト ⊥ よ͡ や∠ケヱ∠

(O you who believe! Endure and be more pat ient , and Rabit u) 3:200 . Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "The believers are commanded t o be pat ient in t he religion t hat Allah chose for t hem, Islam. They are not allowed t o abandon it in t imes of comfort or hardship, ease or calamit y, unt il t hey die as Muslims. They are also commanded t o endure against t heir enemies, t hose who hid t he t rut h about t heir religion.'' Similar explanat ion given by several ot her scholars among t he Salaf. As for Murabat ah, it is t o endure in act s of worship and perseverence. It also means t o await prayer aft er prayer, as Ibn ` Abbas, Sahl bin Hanif and Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi st at ed. Ibn Abi Hat im collect ed a Hadit h t hat was also collect ed by Muslim and An-Nasa'i from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Prophet said,

ヮ͡ よ͡ ノ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠Αゅ∠トガ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ヲ⊥エ∇ヨΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ら͡ ∇カぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» り⊥ ゲ∠ ∇んミ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ロケ͡ ゅ∠ムヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ￢͡ ヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ ャや パ ⊥ ゅら∇シま͡ ∨͡れゅ∠ィケ∠ ギｚ ャや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ り͡ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヌわ͡ ∇ルや∠ヱ ∩͡ギィ ͡ ゅ∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠トガ ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡グ∠プ ∩⊥ヅゅ∠よゲあ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡グ∠プ ∩⊥ヅゅ∠よゲあ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡グ∠プ ∩͡りゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや «ヅゅ∠よゲあ ャや (Should I t ell you about act ions wit h which Allah forgives sins and raises t he grade Performing perfect ablut ion in unfavorable condit ions, t he many st eps one t akes t o t he Masaj id, and await ing prayer aft er t he prayer, for t his is t he Ribat , t his is t he Ribat , t his is t he Ribat .) They also say t hat t he Murabat ah in t he above Ayah refers t o bat t les against t he enemy, and manning Muslim out post s t o prot ect t hem from enemy incursions inside Muslim t errit ory. There are several Hadit hs t hat encourage Murabat ah and ment ion it s rewards. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Sahl bin Sa` d As-Sa` idi said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ぶ ͡ や モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヅ ⊥ ゅ∠よケ͡ » «ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (A Day of Ribat in t he cause of Allah is bet t er t han t his life and all t hat is in it .) Muslim recorded t hat Salman Al-Farisi said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩͡ヮ͡ョゅΒ͡ホ∠ヱ ゲ∃ ∇ヰセ ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠Βタ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ る∃ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヅ ⊥ ゅ∠よケ͡ » ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヵ͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ン∠ゲィ ∠ れ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮ⇒⇒⇒⇒⊥ホ∇コケ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヵ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ィぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮヤ⊥⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒∠ヨ∇バΑ∠ «ラゅｚわヘ∠ ∇ャや (Ribat for a day and a night is bet t er t han fast ing t he days of a mont h and it s Qiyam (volunt ary prayer at night ). If one dies in Ribat , his regular right eous deeds t hat he used t o perform will keep being added t o his account , and he will receive his provision, and will be saved from t he t rials of t he grave.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Fadalah bin ` Ubayd said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

れ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヵ͡グャｚや ゅｚャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ユ⊥ わ∠ ∇ガΑ⊥ ろ ∃ Βあ ョ∠ ぁモミ⊥ » ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴャ͡ま ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヶ͡ヨ∇レ∠Α ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩͡ぶや モΒ͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ⇔トよ͡ や∠ゲョ⊥ «ゲ∇らボ∠ ∇ャや る∠ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ リ ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや (Every dead person will have his record of deeds sealed, except for whoever dies while in Ribat in t he cause of Allah, for his work will keep increasing unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, and he will be safe from t he t rial of t he grave.) This is t he same narrat ion collect ed by Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi, who said, "Hasan Sahih''. Ibn Hibban also collect ed t his Hadit h in his Sahih. fAt -Tirmidhi recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

る͡ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ろム∠ よ∠ ∀リ∇Β∠ハ :ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ジ ぁ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ラ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βハ ∠» «ぶや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ サ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇エゎ∠ ∇ろゎ∠ ゅ∠よ リ ∀ ∇Βハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶや (Two eyes shall not be t ouched by t he Fire: an eye t hat cried for fear from Allah and an eye t hat spent t he night guarding in Allah's cause.) Al-Bukhari recorded in his Sahih t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩͡るダ ∠ Β͡ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや⊥ギ∇らハ ∠ ヱ∠ ユ͡ ワ∠ ∇ケギあ ャや⊥ギ∇らハ ∠ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠レΑあギャや⊥ギ∇らハ ∠ ザ ∠ バ͡ ゎ∠ » ザ ∠ バ͡ ゎ∠ ∩∠テガ ͡シ ∠ テ ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠ヶ͡ッ∠ケ ヶ ∠ト ͡ ∇ハぺ⊥ ∇ラま͡ グ∃ カ ͡ へ ギ∃ ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ ヴ∠よヲ⊥デ ∩∠ズボ∠ わ∠ ∇ルや ゅ∠ヤプ∠ マ ∠ Β͡セ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠ザム∠ わ∠ ∇ルや∠ヱ り∃ ゲｚ ら∠ ∇ピョ⊥ ∩⊥ヮシ ⊥ ∇ぺケ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇セぺ∠ ∩͡ぶや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ シ ͡ ゲ∠ プ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠レバ͡ よ͡ ∩͡るシ ∠ や∠ゲエ ͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ る͡ シ ∠ や∠ゲエ ͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラま͡ ∩⊥ロゅ∠ョギ∠ ホ∠ ラ ∠ ク∠ ∇ほわ∠ ∇シや ラ ͡ ま͡ ∩͡るホ∠ ゅｚジャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ る͡ ホ∠ ゅｚジャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ «ノｚヘゼ ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ノ∠ ヘ∠ セ ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ∇ラク∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ (Let t he servant of t he Dinar, t he servant of t he Dirham and t he servant of t he Khamisah (of clot hes) perish, as he is pleased if t hese t hings are given t o him, and if not , he is displeased. Let such a person perish and be humiliat ed, and if he is pierced wit h a t horn, let him not find anyone t o t ake it out for him. Paradise is for him who holds t he reins of his horse, st riving in Allah's cause, wit h his hair unkempt and feet covered wit h dust : if he is appoint ed t o t he vanguard, he is perfect ly sat isfied wit h his post of guarding, and if he is appoint ed in t he rearguard, he accept s his post wit h sat isfact ion; if he asks for permission he is not permit t ed, and if he int ercedes, his int ercession is not accept ed.) Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Zayd bin Aslam said, "Abu ` Ubaydah wrot e t o ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab and ment ioned t o him t hat t he Romans were mobilizing t heir forces. ` Umar wrot e back, ` Allah will soon t urn what ever hardship a believing servant suffers, t o ease, and no hardship shall ever overcome t wo t ypes of ease. Allah says in His Book,

∇やヱ⊥ゲよ͡ ゅ∠タヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇タや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥トよ͡ や∠ケヱ∠ (O you who believe! Endure and be more pat ient , and Rabit u, and have Taqwa of Allah, so t hat you may be successful)' 3:200 ." Al-Hafiz Ibn ` Asakir ment ioned in t he biography of ` Abdullah bin Al-Mubarak, t hat Muhammad bin Ibrahim bin Abi Sakinah said, "While in t he area of Tarsus, ` Abdullah bin Al-Mubarak dict at ed t his poem t o me when I was greet ing him goodbye. He sent t he poem wit h me t o AlFudayl bin ` Iyad in t he year one hundred and sevent y, ` O he who worships in t he vicinit y of t he Two Holy Masj ids! If you but see us, you will realize t hat you are only j est ing in worship. He who brings wet ness t o his cheek wit h his t ears, should know t hat our necks are being wet by our blood. He who t ires his horses wit hout purpose, know t hat our horses are get t ing t ired in bat t le. Scent of perfume is yours, while our scent is t he glimmer of spears and t he st ench of dust in bat t le . We were narrat ed about in t he speech of our Prophet , an aut hent ic st at ement

t hat never lies. That t he dust t hat erupt s by Allah's horses and which fills t he nost rils of a man shall never be combined wit h t he smoke of a raging Fire. This, t he Book of Allah speaks among us t hat t he mart yr is not dead, and t he t rut h in Allah's Book cannot be denied.' I met Al-Fudayl Ibn ` Iyad in t he Sacred Masj id and gave him t he let t er. When he read it , his eyes became t earful and he said, ` Abu ` Abdur-Rahman (` Abdullah bin Al-Mubarak) has said t he t rut h and offered sincere advice t o me.' He t hen asked me, ` Do you writ e t he Hadit h' I said, ` Yes.' He said, ` Writ e t his Hadit h as reward for delivering t he let t er of Abu ` Abdur-Rahman t o me. He t hen dict at ed, ` Mansur bin Al-Mu` t amir narrat ed t o us t hat Abu Salih narrat ed from Abu Hurayrah t hat a man asked, ` O Messenger of Allah! Teach me a good deed t hat will earn me t he reward of t he Muj ahidin in Allah's cause.' The Prophet said,

ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ュ∠ ヲ⊥ダゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ゲわ⊥ ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ヶ ∠ ヤあダ ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ » «∨∠ゲ͡ト∇ヘゎ⊥ (Are you able t o pray cont inuously and fast wit hout breaking t he fast ) The man said, ` O Messenger of Allah! I cannot bear it .' The Prophet said,

ろ ∠ ∇ピヤ∠よ∠ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ろ ∠ ∇ホヲあ デ ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヲプ∠ » サ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ ∩͡ぶや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギワ͡ ゅ∠イヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡グ͡よ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ムΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ヮャ͡ヲ∠ デ ͡ ヶ͡プ リ ぁ わ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ∠ ギ͡ ワ͡ ゅ∠イヨ⊥ ∇ャや «れゅ∠レジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや (By He in Whose Hand is my soul! Even if you were able t o do it , you will not achieve t he grade of t he Muj ahidin in Allah's cause. Did you not know t hat t he horse of t he Muj ahid earns rewards for him as long as it lives.) Allah said next ,

びヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (and have Taqwa of Allah), concerning all your affairs and sit uat ions. For inst ance, t he Prophet said t o Mu` adh when he sent him t o Yemen,

る∠ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや る∠ ⇒⇒∠ゃ⇒あΒジ ｚ ャや ノ͡ ら͡ ∇ゎぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ろ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ヨん⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ぶ ∠ や ペ ͡ ゎｚ や» «リ∠ジェ ∠ ペ ∃ ヤ⊥ガ ⊥ よ͡ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ペ ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠カヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰエ ⊥ ∇ヨゎ∠

(Have Taqwa of Allah wherever you may be, follow t he evil deed wit h a good deed and it will erase it , and deal wit h people in a good manner.) Allah said next ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (so t hat you may be successful.), in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi said t hat , Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (and have Taqwa of Allah, so t hat you may be successful.) means, "Fear Me concerning what is bet ween you and Me, so t hat you may acquire success when you meet Me t omorrow.'' The Tafsir of Surah Al ` Imran ends here, all praise is due t o Allah, and we ask Him t hat we die while on t he pat h of t he Qur'an and Sunnah, Amin.

The Tafsir of Surat An-Nisa (Chapter 4) Virtues of Surat An-Nis£257 , A Madinan Surah Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Surat An-Nisa' was revealed in Al-Madinah. Ibn Marduwyah recorded similar st at ement s from ` Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr and Zayd bin Thabit . In his Must adrak, Al-Hakim recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "There are five Ayat in Surat An-Nisa' t hat I would prefer t o t he life of t his world and all t hat is in it ,

びり∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, Allah wrongs not even t he weight of an at om,) 4:40 ,

びヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ レ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ョ ゲ∠ も͡ べ∠らミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ (If you avoid t he great sins which you are forbidden t o do) 4:31 ,

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ゅ∠ョ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠

(Verily, Allah forgives not t hat part ners should be set up wit h Him (in worship), but He forgives except t hat (anyt hing else) t o whom He wills) 4:48 ,

びポ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ｚ ク͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (If t hey (hypocrit es), when t hey had been unj ust t o t hemselves, had come t o you) 4:64 , and,

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ユヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ͡ イ ͡ Α∠ (And whoever does evil or wrongs himself, but aft erwards seeks Allah's forgiveness, he will find Allah Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful) 4:110 .'' Al-Hakim recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Ask me about Surat An-Nisa', for I learned t he Qur'an when I was st ill young.'' Al-Hakim said, "This Hadit h is Sahih according t o t he crit eria of t he Two Sahihs, and t hey did not collect it .''

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful

ザ ∃ ∇ヘルｚ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚよケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ィケ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゑ ｚ よ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ィ∇ヱ∠コ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジゎ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ￢⇔ べ∠ジル͡ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ び ゅ⇔らΒ͡ホケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ュ∠ ゅ∠ェ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ (1. O mankind! Have Taqwa of your Lord, Who creat ed you from a single person, and from him He creat ed his mat e, and from t hem bot h He creat ed many men and women, and have Taqwa of Allah t hrough Whom you demand your mut ual (right s), and revere t he wombs. Surely, Allah is always wat ching over you.)

The Command to have Taqwa, a Reminder about Creation, and Being Kind to Relatives Allah commands His creat ures t o have Taqwa of Him by worshipping Him Alone wit hout part ners. He also reminds t o t hem of His abilit y, in t hat He creat ed t hem all from a single person, Adam, peace be unt o him.

びゅ∠ヰ∠ィ∇ヱ∠コ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And from him He creat ed his wife) Hawwa' (Eve), who was creat ed from Adam's left rib, from his back while he was sleeping. When Adam woke up and saw Hawwa', he liked her and had affect ion for her, and she felt t he same t oward him. An aut hent ic Hadit h st at es,

￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ァ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩∃ノヤ∠ツ͡レ∇レョ͡ ∇ろボ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ り∠ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» ラ ͡ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮゎ∠ ∇ゲジ ∠ ミ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ Β͡ボゎ⊥ ろ ∠ ∇らワ∠ ク∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ロゅ∠ヤ∇ハぺ∠ ノ͡ ヤ∠ツ あ ャや ヶ͡プ «ァ∠ヲハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ろ ∠ ∇バわ∠ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ろ ∠ ∇バわ∠ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シや (Woman was creat ed from a rib. Verily, t he most curved port ion of t he rib is it s upper part , so, if you should t ry t o st raight en it , you will break it , but if you leave it as it is, it will remain crooked.) Allah's st at ement ,

び￢⇔ べ∠ジル͡ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ィケ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゑ ｚ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And from t hem bot h He creat ed many men and women;) means, Allah creat ed from Adam and Hawwa' many men and women and dist ribut ed t hem t hroughout t he world in various shapes, charact erist ics, colors and languages. In t he end, t heir gat hering and ret urn will be t o Allah. Allah t hen said,

びュ∠ ゅ∠ェ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジゎ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And have Taqwa of Allah t hrough Whom you demand your mut ual (right s) and revere t he wombs), prot ect yourself from Allah by your act s of obedience t o Him. Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジゎ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (t hrough Whom you demand your mut ual (right s)), is in reference t o when some people say, "I ask you by Allah, and t hen by t he relat ion of t he Rahim (t he womb, i.e. my relat ionship t o you)'', according t o Ibrahim, Muj ahid and Al-Hasan. Ad-Dahhak said; "Fear Allah Whom you invoke when you conduct t ransact ions and cont ract s.'' "And revere t he womb by not cut t ing t he relat ions of t he womb, but keep and honor t hem, as Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan, Ad-Dahhak, Ar-Rabi` , and ot hers have st at ed. Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔らΒ͡ホケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ

(Surely, Allah is always wat ching over you.) means, He wat ches all your deeds and sees your every circumst ance. In anot her Ayah, Allah said;

び∀ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is Wit ness over all t hings.) 58:6 . An aut hent ic Hadit h st at es,

ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩⊥ロや∠ゲゎ∠ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ロや∠ゲゎ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ぶ ∠ や͡ギら⊥ ∇ハや» «ポや∠ゲΑ∠ (Worship Allah as if you see Him, for even t hough you cannot see Him, He sees you.) This part of t he Ayah encourages having a sense of cert aint y t hat Allah is always wat ching, in a complet e and perfect manner. Allah ment ioned t hat He has creat ed mankind from a single fat her and a single mot her, so t hat t hey feel compassion for each ot her and are kind t o t he weaker among t hem. In his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat Jarir bin ` Abdullah Al-Baj ali said t hat a delegat ion from Mudar came t o t he Messenger of Allah , and he saw t heir st at e, wearing st riped woolen clot hes due t o povert y. Aft er t he Zuhr prayer, t he Messenger of Allah st ood up and gave a speech in which he recit ed,

ザ ∃ ∇ヘルｚ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚよケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ びり∃ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ (O mankind! Have Taqwa of your Lord, Who creat ed you from a single person,) unt il t he end of t he Ayah. He also recit ed,

ゅｚョ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ∇ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠わ∇ャヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Αグ͡ ャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ びギ∃ ピ∠ ャ͡ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ (O you who believe! Have Taqwa of Allah. And let every person look t o what he has sent fort h for t he t omorrow) 59:18 . He also encouraged t hem t o give charit y, saying,

∇リョ͡ ∩͡ヮヨ͡ ワ∠ ∇ケキ͡ ∇リョ͡ ∩͡ロケ͡ ゅ∠レΑ͡キ ∇リョ͡ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ベ ∠ ギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ » «ロ͡ゲ∇ヨゎ∠ ネ ͡ ゅ∠タ ∇リョ͡ ∩͡ロゲあ よ⊥ ネ ͡ ゅ∠タ

(A man gave Sadaqah from his Dinar, from his Dirham, from his Sa` of wheat , from his Sa` of dat es) unt il t he end of t he Hadit h. This narrat ion was also collect ed by Ahmad and t he Sunan compilers from Ibn Mas` ud.

ゑ ∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャギｚ ら∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱぴ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ Βあト ｚ ャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥トジ ͡ ∇ボゎ⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ ͡ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゅ⇔よヲ⊥ェ ゑ ∠ ⇒∠ヤを⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠レ∇んョ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠デ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥エム͡ ルゅ∠プ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ ͡ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ネ ∠ ゅ∠よケ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ジレあ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ - ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ ∇らデ ͡ ラ͡みプ∠ る⇔ ヤ∠∇エル͡ リ ｚ ヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ホギ⊥ タ ∠ び ゅ⇔ゃΑ͡ゲョｚ ゅ⇔ゃΒ͡レワ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ (2. And give unt o orphans t heir propert y and do not exchange (your) bad t hings for (t heir) good ones; and devour not t heir subst ance (by adding it ) t o your subst ance. Surely, t his is a great sin.) (3. And if you fear t hat you shall not be able t o deal j ust ly wit h t he orphan girls, t hen marry (ot her) women of your choice, t wo or t hree, or four; but if you fear t hat you shall not be able t o deal j ust ly (wit h t hem), t hen only one or (t he capt ives and t he servant s) t hat your right hands possess. That is nearer t o prevent you from Ta` ulu.) (4. And give t o t he women (whom you marry) t heir Saduqat (or dowry) Nihlah (wit h a good heart ), but if t hey, of t heir own good pleasure, remit any part of it t o you, t ake it , and enj oy it wit hout fear of any harm.)

Protecting the Property of the Orphans Allah commands t hat t he propert y of t he orphans be surrendered t o t hem in full when t hey reach t he age of adolescence, and He forbids using or confiscat ing any part of it . So He said;

びょ ͡ Βあト ｚ ャゅ͡よ ゑ ∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャギｚ ら∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and do not exchange (your) bad t hings for (t heir) good ones;) Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib and AzZuhri comment ed, "Do not subst it ut e a weak animal of yours for a fat animal (of t he orphans).'' Ibrahim An-Nakha` i and Ad-Dahhak comment ed, "Do not give somet hing of bad qualit y for somet hing of good qualit y.'' As-Suddi said, "One of t hem (caret akers of orphans) would t ake a fat sheep from t he orphan's propert y and put in it s place, a weak sheep of his, saying, ` A sheep

for a sheep.' He would also t ake a good Dirham and exchange it for a fake Dirham, saying, ` A Dirham for a Dirham.''' Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and devour not t heir subst ance t o your subst ance.) means, do not mix t hem t oget her so t hat you eat up bot h, as Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Muqat il bin Hayyan, As-Suddi and Sufyan bin Hassin st at ed. Allah said,

びや⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゅ⇔よヲ⊥ェ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Surely, t his is a great sin. ), a maj or and subst ant ial sin, according t o Ibn ` Abbas. This was also report ed from Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan, Ibn Sirin, Qat adah, Muqat il bin Hayyan, Ad-Dahhak, Abu Malik, Zayd bin Aslam and Abu Sinan. The meaning above is: adding t heir propert y t o your propert y is a grave sin and a maj or mist ake, so avoid it .

The Prohibition of Marrying Female Orphans Without Giving a Dowry Allah said,

ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥エム͡ ルゅ∠プ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥トジ ͡ ∇ボゎ⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ ͡ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びヴ∠レ∇んョ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠デ (And if you fear t hat you shall not be able t o deal j ust ly wit h t he orphan girls, t hen marry (ot her) women of your choice, t wo) Allah commands, when one of you is t he caret aker of a female orphan and he fears t hat he might not give her a dowry t hat is suit able for women of her st at us, he should marry ot her women, who are plent y as Allah has not rest rict ed him. AlBukhari recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "A man was t aking care of a female orphan and he married her, alt hough he did not desire t o marry her. That girl's money was mixed wit h his, and he was keeping her port ion from her. Aft erwards, t his Ayah was revealed about his case;

び∇やヲ⊥トジ ͡ ∇ボゎ⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ ͡ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (If you fear t hat you shall not be able t o deal j ust ly)'' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Urwah bin AzZubayr said t hat he asked ` A'ishah about t he meaning of t he st at ement of Allah,

びヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥トジ ͡ ∇ボゎ⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ ͡ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(If you fear t hat you shall not be able t o deal j ust ly wit h t he orphan girls.) She said, "O my nephew! This is about t he orphan girl who lives wit h her guardian and shares his propert y. Her wealt h and beaut y may t empt him t o marry her wit hout giving her an adequat e dowry which might have been given by anot her suit or. So, such guardians were forbidden t o marry such orphan girls unless t hey t reat ed t hem j ust ly and gave t hem t he most suit able dowry; ot herwise t hey were ordered t o marry woman besides t hem.'' ` A'ishah furt her said, "Aft er t hat verse, t he people again asked t he Messenger of Allah (about marriage wit h orphan girls), so Allah revealed t he Ayah,

び￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥わ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (They ask your inst ruct ion concerning t he women..) 4:127 .'' She said, "Allah's st at ement in t his Ayah,

びｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥エム͡ レ∠ゎ ラ∠ぺ ∠ラヲ⊥ら∠ビ∇ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ (yet whom you desire t o marry) 4:127 refers t o t he guardian who does not desire t o marry an orphan girl under his supervision because she is neit her wealt hy nor beaut iful. The guardians were forbidden t o marry t heir orphan girls possessing propert y and beaut y wit hout being j ust t o t hem, as t hey generally refrain from marrying t hem (when t hey are neit her beaut iful nor wealt hy).''

The Permission to Marry Four Women Allah's st at ement ,

びネ ∠ ゅ∠よケ⊥ ヱ∠ ゑ ∠ ⇒∠ヤを⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠レ∇んョ∠ ぴ (t wo or t hree, or four), means, marry as many women as you like, ot her t han t he orphan girls, t wo, t hree or four. We should ment ion t hat Allah's st at ement in anot her Ayah,

ゑ ∠ ⇒∠ヤを⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠レ∇んョｚ る∃ エ ∠ レ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ Κ ⇔シ ⊥ ケ⊥ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ハ ͡ ゅ∠ィぴ びノ∠ ⇒∠よケ⊥ ヱ∠ (Who made t he angels messengers wit h wings, - t wo or t hree or four) 35:1 , does not mean t hat ot her angels do not have more t han four wings, as t here are proofs t hat some angels do have more wings. Yet , men are prohibit ed from marrying more t han four wives, as t he Ayah decrees, since t he Ayah specifies what men are allowed of wives, as Ibn ` Abbas and t he maj orit y of scholars st at ed. If it were allowed for t hem t o have more t han four wives, t he Ayah would have ment ioned it . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Salim said t hat his fat her said t hat Ghilan bin Salamah At h-Thaqafi had t en wives when he became Muslim, and t he Prophet said t o him, "Choose any four of t hem (and divorce t he rest ).'' During t he reign of ` Umar, Ghilan divorced his remaining wives and divided his money bet ween his children. When ` Umar heard news of

t his, he said t o Ghilan, "I t hink t hat t he devil has conveyed t o your heart t he news of your imminent deat h, from what t he devil hears during his eavesdropping. It may as well be t hat you will not remain alive but for a lit t le longer. By Allah! You will t ake back your wives and your money, or I will t ake possession of t his all and will order t hat your grave be st oned as is t he case wit h t he grave of Abu Righal (from Thamud, who was saved from t heir fat e because he was in t he Sacred Area. But , when he left it , he was t orment ed like t hey were).'' Ash-Shafi` i, At -Tirmidhi, Ibn Maj ah, Ad-Daraqut ni and Al-Bayhaqi collect ed t his Hadit h up t o t he Prophet 's st at ement , "Choose any four of t hem.'' Only Ahmad collect ed t he full version of t his Hadit h. Therefore, had it been allowed for men t o marry more t han four women at t he same t ime, t he Prophet would have allowed Ghilan t o keep more t han four of his wives since t hey all embraced Islam wit h him. When t he Prophet commanded him t o keep j ust four of t hem and divorce t he rest , t his indicat ed t hat men are not allowed t o keep more t han four wives at a t ime under any circumst ances. If t his is t he case concerning t hose who already had more t han four wives upon embracing Islam, t hen t his ruling applies even more so t o marrying more t han four.

Marrying Only One Wife When One Fears He Might not Do Justice to His Wives Allah's st at ement ,

∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ ͡ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ (But if you fear t hat you will not be able t o deal j ust ly (wit h t hem), t hen only one or what your right hands possess.) The Ayah commands, if you fear t hat you will not be able t o do j ust ice bet ween your wives by marrying more t han one, t hen marry only one wife, or sat isfy yourself wit h only female capt ives, for it is not obligat ory t o t reat t hem equally, rat her it is recommended. So if one does so, t hat is good, and if not , t here is no harm on him. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,

∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユわ⊥ ∇タゲ∠ ェ ∠ (You will never be able t o do perfect j ust ice bet ween wives even if it is your ardent desire) 4:129 . Allah said,

び∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (That is nearer t o prevent you from Ta` ulu), meaning, from doing inj ust ice. Ibn Abi Hat im, Ibn Marduwyah and Abu Hat im Ibn Hibban, in his Sahih, recorded t hat ` A'ishah said t hat , t he Prophet said t hat t he Ayah,

び∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (That is nearer t o prevent you from Ta` ulu), means, from doing inj ust ice. However, Ibn Abi Hat im said t hat his fat her said t hat t his Hadit h t o t he Prophet is a mist ake, for it should be at t ribut ed t o ` A'ishah not t he Prophet . Ibn Abi Hat im report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, ` A'ishah, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Abu Malik, Abu Razin, An-Nakha` i, Ash-Sha` bi, Ad-Dahhak, ` At a' Al-Khurasani, Qat adah, As-Suddi and Muqat il bin Hayyan t hat Ta` ulu means t o deviat e from j ust ice .

Giving the Dowry is Obligatory ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed Ibn ` Abbas saying, Nihlah, in Allah's st at ement ,

びる⇔ ヤ∠∇エル͡ リ ｚ ヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ホギ⊥ タ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ジレあ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱぴ (And give t o t he women (whom you marry) t heir Saduqat Nihlah) refers t o t he dowry. Muhammad bin Ishaq narrat ed from Az-Zuhri t hat ` Urwah said t hat ` A'ishah said t hat ` Nihlah' means ` obligat ory'. Muqat il, Qat adah and Ibn Jurayj said, ` Nihlah' means ` obligat ory' Ibn Jurayj added: ` specified.' Ibn Zayd said, "In Arabic, Nihlah, refers t o what is necessary. So Allah is commanding: Do not marry unless you give your wife somet hing t hat is her right . No person aft er t he Prophet is allowed t o marry a woman except wit h t he required dowry, nor by giving false promises about t he dowry int ended .'' Therefore, t he man is required t o pay a dowry t o his wife wit h a good heart , j ust as he gives a gift wit h a good heart . If t he wife gives him part or all of t hat dowry wit h a good heart , her husband is allowed t o t ake it , as it is lawful for him in t his case. This is why Allah said aft erwards,

ゅ⇔ゃΒ͡レワ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ ∇らデ ͡ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ゃΑ͡ゲョｚ (But if t hey, of t heir own pleasure, remit any part of it t o you, t ake it , and enj oy it wit hout fear of any harm.)

∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ヰヘ∠ ジ ぁ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ジ∇ミや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ホコ⊥ ∇ケや∠ヱ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠Βホ͡ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠ムレあ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ピヤ∠よ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ - ゅ⇔プヱ⊥ゲ∇バョｚ

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥バプ∠ ∇キゅ∠プ や⇔ギ∇セケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ジル∠ や∠￢ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ レ͡ ビ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ や⇔ケや∠ギよ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プや∠ゲ∇シま͡ べ∠ワヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇モミ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡ボプ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ブヘ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ∇セほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バプ∠ キ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ び ゅ⇔らΒ͡ジェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ (5. And give not unt o t he unwise your wealt h which Allah has made a means of support for you, but feed and clot he t hem t herewit h, and speak t o t hem words of kindness and j ust ice.) (6. And t est orphans unt il t hey reach t he age of marriage; if t hen you find sound j udgment in t hem, release t heir propert y t o t hem, but consume it not wast efully and hast ily, fearing t hat t hey should grow up. And whoever among guardians is rich, he should t ake no wages, but if he is poor, let him have for himself what is j ust and reasonable (according t o his work). And when you release t heir propert y t o t hem, t ake a wit ness in t heir presence; and Allah is All-Sufficient in t aking account .)

Holding the Property of the Unwise in Escrow Allah prohibit ed giving t he unwise t he freedom t o do as t hey wish wit h wealt h, which Allah has made as a means of support for people. This ruling somet imes applies because of being young, as young people are incapable of making wise decisions. It also applies in cases of insanit y, errat ic behavior and having a weak int ellect or religious pract ice. It applies in cases of bankrupt cy, when t he debt ors ask t hat t he propert y of a bankrupt person is put in escrow, when his debt s cannot be paid off wit h his money. Ad-Dahhak report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ヰヘ∠ ジ ぁ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And give not unt o t he unwise your propert y) refers t o children and women. Similar was also said by Ibn Mas` ud, Al-Hakam bin ` Uyaynah, Al-Hasan and Ad-Dahhak: "Women and boys.'' Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat ` t he unwise' refers t o t he orphans. Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah and Qat adah said; "They are women.''

Spending on the Unwise with Fairness Allah said,

Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ジ∇ミや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ホコ⊥ ∇ケや∠ヱぴ びゅ⇔プヱ⊥ゲ∇バョｚ (but feed and clot he t hem t herewit h, and speak t o t hem words of kindness and j ust ice.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "Do not give your wealt h, what Allah has made you responsible for and made a means of sust enance t o you, t o your wife or children. Rat her, hold on t o your money, t ake care of it , and be t he one who spends on t hem for clot hes, food and provision.'' Muj ahid said t hat t he Ayah,

びゅ⇔プヱ⊥ゲ∇バョｚ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ (and speak t o t hem words of kindness and j ust ice.) refers t o kindness and keeping good relat ions. This honorable Ayah commands kind t reat ment , in deed, wit h family and t hose under one's care. One should spend on t hem for clot hes and provisions, and be good t o t hem, such as saying good words t o t hem.

Giving Back the Property of the Orphans When They Reach Adulthood Allah said,

びヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ∇よや∠ヱぴ (And t est orphans) meaning, t est t heir int elligence, as Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan, As-Suddi and Muqat il bin Hayyan st at ed.

びゥ ∠ ゅ∠ムレあ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ピヤ∠よ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il t hey reach t he age of marriage), t he age of pubert y, according t o Muj ahid. The age of pubert y according t o t he maj orit y of scholars comes when t he child has a wet dream. In his Sunan, Abu Dawud recorded t hat ` Ali said, "I memorized t hese words from t he Messenger of Allah ,

«モ∇Βヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ れ ∠ ゅ∠ヨタ ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∃ュゅ∠ヤわ͡ ∇ェや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ユ∠ ∇わΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» (There is no orphan aft er t he age of pubert y nor vowing t o be silent t hroughout t he day t o t he night .) In anot her Hadit h, ` A'ishah and ot her Companions said t hat t he Prophet said,

∩∠ユヤ͡わ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヶ あ ら͡ ダ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∩∃るを∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ∇リハ ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠ボ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ プ͡ ケ⊥ » ヴｚわェ ∠ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥レ∇イヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ナボ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ユ͡ も͡ ゅｚレャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ «ペΒ͡ヘΑ⊥ s(The pen does not record t he deeds of t hree persons: t he child unt il t he age of pubert y, t he sleeping person unt il waking up, and t he senile unt il sane.) Or, t he age of fift een is considered t he age of adolescence. In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said, "I was present ed in front of t he Prophet on t he eve of t he bat t le of Uhud, while I was fourt een years of age, and he did not allow me t o t ake part in t hat bat t le. But I was present ed in front of him on t he eve of t he bat t le of Al-Khandaq (The Trench) when I was fift een years old, and he allowed me (t o j oin t hat bat t le).'' ` Umar bin ` Abdul-` Aziz comment ed when t his Hadit h reached him, "This is t he difference bet ween a child and an adult .'' There is a difference of opinion over whet her pubic hair is considered a sign of adult hood, and t he correct opinion is t hat it is. The Sunnah support s t his view, according t o a Hadit h collect ed by Imam Ahmad from ` At iyah Al-Qurazi who said, We were present ed t o t he Prophet on t he day of Qurizah, whoever had pubic hair was killed, whoever did not was left free t o go, I was one of t hose who did not , so I was left free.'' The Four Sunan compilers also recorded similar t o it . At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.'' Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥バプ∠ ∇キゅ∠プ や⇔ギ∇セケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ジル∠ や∠￢ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ぴ (if t hen you find sound j udgment in t hem, release t heir propert y t o t hem,) Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat t his port ion of t he Ayah means, when you find t hem t o be good in t he religion and wise wit h t heir money. Similar was report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and ot hers among t he Imams. The scholars of Fiqh st at ed t hat when t he child becomes good in t he religion and wise concerning wit h money, t hen t he money t hat his caret aker was keeping for him should be surrendered t o him.

Poor Caretakers are Allowed to Wisely Spend from the Money of the Orphan Under Their Care, to Compensate for Their Work Allah said,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ や⇔ケや∠ギよ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プや∠ゲ∇シま͡ べ∠ワヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (But consume it not wast efully and hast ily, fearing t hat t hey should grow up.) Allah commands t hat t he money of t he orphan should not be spent unnecessarily,

びや⇔ケや∠ギよ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プや∠ゲ∇シま͡ぴ

(Wast efully and hast ily) for fear t hey might grow up. Allah also commands,

び∇ブヘ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ レ͡ ビ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever among guardians is rich, he should t ake no wages,) Hence, t he guardian who is rich and does not need t he orphan's money, should not t ake any of it as wages.

びフ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇モミ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡ボプ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (but if he is poor, let him have for himself what is j ust and reasonable.) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "This Ayah,

や⇔ゲΒ͡ボプ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ブヘ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ レ͡ ビ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びフ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇モミ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ (And whoever among guardians is rich, he should t ake no wages, but if he is poor, let him have for himself what is j ust and reasonable.) was revealed about t he guardian of t he orphan and pert ains t o what ever work he does for t he orphan's est at e. '' Al-Bukhari also collect ed t his Hadit h. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Amr bin Shu` ayb said t hat his fat her said t hat his fat her t old him t hat a man asked t he Messenger of Allah , "I do not have money, but I have an orphan under my care.'' The Messenger said,

ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ケ∃ グあ ら∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ フ ∃ ゲ͡ ∇ジョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ マ ∠ ヨ͡ Β͡わΑ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ョ ∇リョ͡ ∇モミ⊥ » ヵ ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヘゎ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠ョ ヶ ∠ ボ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ャゅ∠ョ モ ∃ をあ ほ∠わ∠ ョ⊥ «ヮ͡ャゅ∠ヨよ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠ョ (Eat from your orphan's wealt h wit hout ext ravagance or wast efulness, or mixing it , and wit hout saving your money by spending his.)'' Allah said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バプ∠ キ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (And when you release t heir propert y t o t hem.) aft er t hey become adult s, and you see t hat t hey are wise, t hen,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ∇セほ∠プ∠ ぴ

(t ake a wit ness in t heir presence;) Allah commands t he guardians of orphans t o surrender t he propert y of t he orphans who become consent ing adult s, in t he presence of wit nesses, so t hat none of t hem denies t he fact t hat he received his money. Allah said next ,

びゅ⇔らΒ͡ジェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and Allah is All-Sufficient in t aking account .) meaning, Allah is sufficient as Wit ness, Reckoner and Wat cher over t heir work for orphans, and when t hey surrender t heir money t o t hem, whet her t heir propert y was complet e and whole, or deficient and less. Indeed, Allah knows all of t hat . In his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ∠ ぁょェ ͡ ぺ⊥ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ ∩ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡バッ ∠ ポ ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ ケ∠ ク∠ ゅ∠よ∠ぺ ゅ∠Α» メ ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ｚ Β∠ ヤ͡ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩͡リ∇Βレ∠ ∇をや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ｚ ゲ∠ ョｚ ほ∠ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩ヶ͡ジ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ぁょェ ͡ ぺ⊥ «ユΒ͡わΑ∠ (O Abu Dharr! Verily, you are weak, and I love for you what I love for myself. Do not become a leader of t wo nor assume guardianship of an orphan's propert y.)

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ラ ͡ ギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ょ͡Βダ∠ル メ ͡ ゅ∠ィゲあ ヤあャぴ ゅｚヨョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ラ ͡ ギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅヨｚ ョあ ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ル ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ヤ͡ャヱ∠ ゲ∠ ツ ∠ ェ ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ - ゅ⇔ッヱ⊥ゲ∇ヘョｚ ゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ ゲ∠ ん⊥ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ｚ ホ∠ リ ⊥ Β͡ム⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャや - ゅ⇔プヱ⊥ゲ∇バョｚ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ホコ⊥ ∇ケゅ∠プ ゅ⇔ヘ⇒∠バッ ͡ ⇔るΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ズ ∠ ∇ガΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ - や⇔ギΑ͡ギシ ∠ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや や∂ヲ⊥ボわｚ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゅ∠カ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ び や⇔ゲΒ͡バシ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠∇ダΒ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヴ͡プ

(7. There is a share for men and a share for women from what is left by parent s and t hose nearest in relat ion, whet her t he propert y be small or large -- a legal share.) (8. And when t he relat ives, and t he orphans, and t he poor are present at t he t ime of division, give t hem from t he propert y, and speak t o t hem words of kindness and j ust ice.) (9. And let t hose (execut ors and guardians) have t he same fear in t heir minds as t hey would have for t heir own, if t hey had left weak offspring behind. So, let t hem have Taqwa of Allah and speak t rut hfully.) (10. Verily, t hose who unj ust ly eat up t he propert y of orphans, t hey eat up only a fire int o t heir bellies, and t hey will be burnt in t he blazing Fire!)

The Necessity of Surrendering the Inheritance According to the Portions that Allah Ordained Sa` id bin Jubayr and Qat adah said, "The idolat ors used t o give adult men a share of inherit ance and deprive women and children of it . Allah revealed;

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ラ ͡ ギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ょ͡Βダ∠ル メ ͡ ゅ∠ィゲあ ヤあャぴ (There is a share for men from what is left by parent s and t hose nearest in relat ion).'' Therefore, everyone is equal in Allah's decision t o inherit , even t hough t heir shares vary according t o t he degree of t heir relat ionship t o t he deceased, whet her being a relat ive, spouse, et c. Ibn Marduwyah report ed t hat Jabir said, "Umm Kuj j ah came t o t he Messenger of Allah and said t o him, ` O Messenger of Allah! I have t wo daught ers whose fat her died, and t hey do not own anyt hing.' So Allah revealed;

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ラ ͡ ギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ょ͡Βダ∠ル メ ͡ ゅ∠ィゲあ ヤあャぴ (There is a share for men from what is left by parent s and t hose nearest in relat ion.)'' We will ment ion t his Hadit h when explaining t he t wo Ayat about inherit ance. Allah knows best . Allah said,

びる∠ ヨ∠ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ツ ∠ ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (are present at t he t ime of division,) t hose who do not have a share in t he inherit ance,

びリ ⊥ Β͡ム⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and t he orphans and t he poor), are also present upon dividing t he inherit ance, give t hem a share of t he inherit ance. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah,

ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ツ ∠ ェ ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱぴ びリ ⊥ Β͡ム⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (And when t he relat ives and t he orphans and t he poor are present at t he t ime of division), was not abrogat ed. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t his Ayah st ill applies and should be implement ed. At h-Thawri said t hat Ibn Abi Naj ih narrat ed from Muj ahid t hat implement ing t his Ayah, "Is required from t hose who have anyt hing t o inherit , paid from what ever port ions t heir heart s are sat isfied wit h giving away.'' Similar explanat ion was report ed from Ibn Mas` ud, Abu Musa, ` Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Bakr, Abu Al-` Aliyah, Ash-Sha` bi and Al-Hasan. Ibn Sirin, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Makhul, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, ` At a' bin Abi Rabah, Az-Zuhri and Yahya bin Ya` mar said t his payment is obligat ory. Ot hers say t hat t his refers t o t he bequeat hal at t he t ime of deat h. And ot hers say t hat it was abrogat ed. Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t his Ayah,

びる∠ ヨ∠ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ツ ∠ ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when are present at t he t ime of division), refers t o divisions of inherit ance. So, when poor relat ives, who are ineligible for inherit ance, orphans, and t he poor at t end t he division of t he inherit ance, which is somet imes subst ant ial, t heir heart s will feel eager t o have a share, seeing each eligible person assuming his share; while t hey are desperat e, yet are not given anyt hing. Allah t he Most Kind, Most Compassionat e, commands t hat t hey should have a share in t he inherit ance as an act of kindness, charit y, compassion and mercy for t hem.

Observing Fairness in the Will Allah said,

び∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ズ ∠ ∇ガΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ぴ (And let t hose have t he same fear in t heir minds as t hey would have for t heir own, if t hey had left behind...) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t his part of t he Ayah, "Refers t o a man who is near deat h and he dict at es a will and t est ament t hat harms some of t he right ful inherit ors. Allah commands whoever hears such will t o fear Allah, and direct t he dying man t o do what is right and t o be fair, being as eager t o prot ect t he inherit ors of t he dying man as he would be wit h his own.'' Similar was report ed from Muj ahid and several ot hers. The Two Sahihs record t hat when t he Messenger of Allah visit ed Sa` d bin Abi Waqqas during an illness he suffered from, Sa` d said t o t he Messenger, "O Messenger of Allah! I am wealt hy and have no inherit ors except a daught er. Should I give t wo-t hirds of my propert y in charit y'' He said, "No.'' Sa` d asked, "Half'' He said, "No.'' Sa` d said, "One-t hird'' The Prophet said;

«ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ゑ ⊥ ヤ⊥ぁんャや∠ヱ ∩⊥ゑヤ⊥んぁ ャや»

(One-t hird, and even one-t hird is t oo much.) The Messenger of Allah t hen said,

∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ グ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ￢∠ ゅ∠Βレ͡ ∇ビぺ∠ マ ∠ わ∠ を∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ケ∠ グ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡» «サゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヘｚ ム∠ わ∠ Α∠ る⇔ ャ∠ゅ∠ハ (You'd bet t er leave your inherit ors wealt hy rat her t han leaving t hem poor, begging from ot hers.)

A Stern Warning Against Those Who Use Up the Orphan's Wealth It was also said t hat t he Ayah

び∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ や⇔ケや∠ギよ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プや∠ゲ∇シま͡ べ∠ワヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (consume it not wast efully and hast ily, fearing t hat t hey should grow up,) means, let t hem have Taqwa of Allah when t aking care of t he orphan's wealt h, as Ibn Jarir recorded from Al` Awfi who report ed t his explanat ion from Ibn ` Abbas. This is a sound opinion t hat is support ed by t he warning t hat follows against consuming t he orphan's wealt h unj ust ly. In t his case, t he meaning becomes: Just as you would want your offspring t o be t reat ed fairly aft er you, t hen t reat ot her people's offspring fairly when you are given t he responsibilit y of caring for t hem. Allah proclaims t hat t hose who unj ust ly consume t he wealt h of orphans, will be eat ing fire int o t heir st omach, t his is why Allah said,

ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び や⇔ゲΒ͡バシ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠∇ダΒ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ (Verily, t hose who unj ust ly eat up t he propert y of orphans, t hey eat up only a fire int o t heir bellies, and t hey will be burnt in t he blazing Fire!) meaning, when you consume t he orphan's wealt h wit hout a right , t hen you are only consuming fire, which will kindle in your st omach on t he Day of Resurrect ion. It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«れゅ∠ボよ͡ ヲ⊥ヨ∇ャや ノ∠ ∇らジ ｚ ャや やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや» (Avoid t he seven great dest ruct ive sins. ) The people asked, "O Allah's Messenger! What are t hey'' He said,

ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヶ͡わャｚや ザ ͡ ∇ヘレｚ ャや モ ⊥ ∇わホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ゲ∇エジ あ ャや∠ヱ ∩͡ぶゅ͡よ ポ ⊥ ∇ゲあゼャや» ∩͡ユΒ͡わΒ∠ ∇ャや メ ͡ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅよ∠ ゲあ ャや モ ⊥ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩あペ∠エ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅｚャま͡ ぶ ⊥ や れ ͡ ゅ∠レダ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや フ ⊥ ∇グホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ブ∇ェゴｚ ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶあャヲ∠ わｚ ャや∠ヱ «れゅ∠ヤプ͡ ゅ∠ピ∇ャや れ ͡ ゅ∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや (To j oin ot hers in worship along wit h Allah, magic, t o kill t he life which Allah has forbidden except for a j ust cause, t o consume int erest , t o consume an orphan's propert y, t o t urn your back t o t he enemy and flee from t he bat t lefield at t he t ime of fight ing, and t o accuse chast e women who never even t hink of anyt hing harmful t o t heir chast it y being good believers.)

ナ あェ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ゲ͡ ミ∠ グｚ ヤ͡ャ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ Β͡タヲ⊥Αぴ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠んヤ⊥を⊥ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ∇をや ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ジル͡ ｚリミ⊥ ラ͡みプ∠ リ ͡ ∇ΒΒ∠ ん∠ ∇ルΙ ｙや あモム⊥ ャ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Αヲ∠ よ∠ Ι ６ ヱ∠ ブ ⊥ ∇ダあレャや ゅ∠ヰヤ∠プ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ サ ⊥ ギ⊥ ぁジャや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ギ∃ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡みプ∠ ゑ ⊥ ヤ⊥ぁんャや ヮ͡ ョあ Κ ｘ プ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ヲよ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ を∠ ケ͡ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ ヴ͡タヲ⊥Α る∃ Βｚ タ ͡ ヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ サ ⊥ ギ⊥ ぁジャや ヮ͡ ョあ Κ ｘ プ∠ り∀ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Αぁ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケ∇ギゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅレよ∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ リ ∃ ∇Αキ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ る⇔ ツ ∠ Α͡ゲプ∠ ゅ⇔バ∇ヘル∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ (11. Allah commands you for your children's (inherit ance): t o t he male, a port ion equal t o t hat of t wo - females; if only daught ers, t wo or more, t heir share is t wo t hirds of t he inherit ance; if only one, her share is half. For parent s, a sixt h share of inherit ance t o each if t he deceased left children; if no children, and t he parent s are t he (only) heirs, t he mot her has a t hird; if t he deceased left brot hers or (sist ers), t he mot her has a sixt h. (The dist ribut ion in all cases is) aft er t he payment of legacies he may have bequeat hed or debt s. You know not which of t hem, whet her your parent s or your children, are nearest t o you in benefit , (t hese fixed shares) are ordained by Allah. And Allah is Ever All-Knower, All-Wise.)

Learning the Various Shares of the Inheritance is Encouraged This, t he following, and t he last honorable Ayah in t his Surah cont ain t he knowledge of AlFara'id, inherit ance. The knowledge of Al-Fara'id is derived from t hese t hree Ayat and from t he Hadit hs on t his subj ect which explain t hem. Learning t his knowledge is encouraged, especially t he specific t hings ment ioned in t he Ayat . Ibn ` Uyaynah said; "Knowledge of Al-Fara'id was called half of knowledge, because it effect s all people.'' o

The Reason Behind Revealing Ayah 4:11 Explaining t his Ayah, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said, "Allah's Messenger came visit ing me on foot wit h Abu Bakr at Banu Salamah's (dwellings), and t he Prophet found me unconscious. He asked for some wat er, performed ablut ion wit h it , t hen poured it on me, and I regained consciousness. I said, ` What do you command me t o do wit h my money, O Allah's Messenger' t his Ayah was lat er revealed,

ナ あェ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ゲ͡ ミ∠ グｚ ヤ͡ャ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ Β͡タヲ⊥Αぴ びリ ͡ ∇ΒΒ∠ ん∠ ∇ルΙ ｙや (Allah commands you for your children's (inherit ance); t o t he male, a port ion equal t o t hat of t wo females)." This is how it was recorded by Muslim and An-Nasa'i. The remainder of t he Six compilers also collect ed t his Hadit h. Anot her Hadit h from Jabir concerning t he reason behind revealing Ayah 4:11 Ahmad recorded from Jabir t hat he said, "The wife of Sa` d bin Ar-Rabi` came t o Allah's Messenger and said t o him, ` O Allah's Messenger! These are t he t wo daught ers of Sa` d bin Ar-Rabi` , who was killed as a mart yr at Uhud. Their uncle t ook t heir money and did not leave anyt hing for t hem. They will not be married unless t hey have money.' The Messenger said, ` Allah will decide on t his mat t er.' The Ayah about t he inherit ance was lat er revealed and t he Messenger of Allah sent word t o t heir uncle commanding him,

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩∠リヨ⊥ んぁ ャや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ョｚ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩͡リ∇Βん∠ ヤ⊥んぁ ャや ギ∃ ∇バシ ∠ ∇ヶわ∠ レ∠ ∇よや テ ͡ ∇ハぺ∠» «マ∠ャ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヶ ∠ ボ͡ よ (Give t wo-t hirds (of Sa` d's money) t o Sa` d's t wo daught ers and one eight h for t heir mot her, and what ever is left is yours.)'' Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi, and Ibn Maj ah collect ed t his Hadit h. It is apparent , however, t hat t he first Hadit h from Jabir was about t he case of t he last Ayah in t he Surah 4:176, rat her t han 4:11 , for at t he t ime t his incident occurred, Jabir had sist ers and did not have daught ers, parent s or offspring t o inherit from him. Yet , we ment ioned t he Hadit h here j ust as Al-Bukhari did.

Males Get Two Times the Share of Females for Inheritance Allah said,

ナ あェ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ゲ͡ ミ∠ グｚ ヤ͡ャ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ Β͡タヲ⊥Αぴ びリ ͡ ∇ΒΒ∠ ん∠ ∇ルΙ ｙや (Allah commands you for your children's (inherit ance): t o t he male, a port ion equal t o t hat of t wo females;) Allah commands: observe j ust ice wit h your children. The people of Jahiliyyah used t o give t he males, but not t he females, a share in t he inherit ance. Therefore, Allah commands t hat bot h males and females t ake a share in t he inherit ance, alt hough t he port ion of t he males is t wice as much as t hat of t he females. There is a dist inct ion because men need money t o spend on t heir dependant s, commercial t ransact ions, work and fulfillling t heir obligat ions. Consequent ly, men get t wice t he port ion of t he inherit ance t hat females get . Allah's st at ement ,

ナ あェ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ゲ͡ ミ∠ グｚ ヤ͡ャ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ Β͡タヲ⊥Αぴ びリ ͡ ∇ΒΒ∠ ん∠ ∇ルΙ ｙや (Allah commands you for your children's (inherit ance): t o t he male, a port ion equal t o t hat of t wo females;) t est ifies t o t he fact t hat Allah is more merciful wit h children t han t heir own parent s are wit h t hem, since He commands t he parent s t o be j ust and fair wit h t heir own children. An aut hent ic Hadit h st at ed t hat a capt ured woman was looking for her child and when she found him, she held him, gave him her breast and nursed him. The Messenger of Allah said t o his Companions,

ケ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ボゎ∠ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ワギ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ る⇔ ェ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠デ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ⊥ ぺ∠» «マ͡ャク∠ ヴヤ∠ハ (Do you t hink t hat t his woman would willingly t hrow her child in t he fire) They said, "No, O Messenger of Allah.'' He said,

«ゅ∠ワギ͡ ャ∠ヲ∠ よ͡ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ ∇リョ͡ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ ぶ ͡ や∠ヲプ∠ » (By Allah! Allah is more merciful wit h His servant s t han t his woman is wit h her own child.) AlBukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The cust om (in old days) was t hat t he propert y of t he deceased would be inherit ed by his offspring; as for t he parent s (of t he deceased), t hey would inherit by t he will of t he deceased. Then Allah cancelled what ever He willed from t hat cust om and ordained t hat t he male get t wice t he amount inherit ed by t he female, and for each parent a sixt h (of t he whole legacy), for t he wife an eight h or a fourt h, and for t he husband a half or a fourt h.''

The Share of the Females When They Are the Only Eligible Heirs Allah said,

びポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠んヤ⊥を⊥ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ∇をや ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ジル͡ ｚリミ⊥ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (if only daught ers, t wo or more, t heir share is t wo-t hirds of t he inherit ance;) We should ment ion here t hat some people said t he Ayah only means t wo daught ers, and t hat ` more' is redundant , which is not t rue. Not hing in t he Qur'an is useless or redundant . Had t he Ayah been t alking about only t wo women, it would have said, "The share of bot h of t hem is t wo-t hirds.'' As for t he daught ers, t wo or more, t he ruling t hat t hey get t wo-t hirds was derived from t his Ayah, st at ing t hat t he t wo sist ers get t wo-t hirds. We also ment ioned t he Hadit h in which t he Prophet commanded t hat t wo-t hirds be t he share of t he t wo daught ers of Sa` d bin Ar-Rabi` . So t his is proven in t he Book and t he Sunnah.

びブ ⊥ ∇ダあレャや ゅ∠ヰヤ∠プ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (if only one, her share is half.) If t here are t wo daught ers, t hen t here are t ext s t o prove t hey share a half. Therefore, t wo-t hirds is t he share of t he t wo daught ers or sist ers, and Allah knows best .

Share of the Parents in the Inheritance Allah said,

びサ ⊥ ギ⊥ ぁジャや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ギ∃ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Αヲ∠ よ∠ Ι ６ ヱ∠ ぴ (For parent s, a sixt h share of inherit ance t o each) There are several forms of t he share t hat t he parent s get in t he inherit ance. 1. If t he deceased left behind children, t he parent s get a sixt h each. When t he deceased had only one daught er, she get s half of t he inherit ance and t he parent s each one sixt h, and anot her sixt h is given t o t he fat her. 2. When t he parent s are t he only inherit ors, t he mot her get s one-t hird while t he fat her get s t he remaining t wo-t hirds. In t his case, t he fat her's share will be t wice t he mot her's share. If t he deceased had a surviving spouse, t he spouse get s half, in t he case of a husband, or a fourt h in t he case of a surviving wife. In bot h cases, t he mot her of t he deceased get s one-t hird of t he remaining inherit ance. This is because t he remaining port ion of t he inherit ance is t reat ed j ust as t he ent ire legacy in regard t o t he parent s' share. Allah has given t he mot her one-half of what t he fat her get s. Therefore, t he mot her get s a t hird of t he remaining inherit ance while t he fat her get s t wot hirds. 3. If t he deceased left behind surviving brot hers and sist ers, whet her half brot hers, half sist ers or from t he same fat her and mot her, t heir presence does not cause reduct ion in t he fat her's share. Yet , t heir presence reduces t he share of t he mot her t o one-sixt h inst ead of onet hird, and t he fat her get s t he rest , when t here are no ot her heirs. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Qat adah comment ed on t he Ayah,

びサ ⊥ ギ⊥ ぁジャや ヮ͡ ョあ Κ ｘ プ∠ り∀ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ

(If t he deceased left brot hers or (sist ers), t he mot her has a sixt h.) "Their presence will reduce t he share of t he mot her, but t hey will not inherit . If t here is only one surviving brot her, t he mot her's share will remain one-t hird, but her share will be reduced if t here is more t han one surviving brot her. The people of knowledge at t ribut e t his reduct ion in t he mot her's share from one-t hird (t o one-sixt h) t o t he fact t hat t he fat her is t he one who helps t he brot hers (and sist ers) of t he deceased get married, spending from his own money for t his purpose. The mot her does not spend from her money for t his purpose.'' This is a sound opinion.

First the Debts are Paid Off, then the Will, then the Fixed Inheritance Allah said,

びリ ∃ ∇Αキ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヰよ͡ ヴ∠タヲ⊥Α る∃ Βｚ タ ͡ ヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョぴ ((The dist ribut ion in all cases is) aft er t he payment of legacies he may have bequeat hed or debt s.) The scholars of t he Salaf and t he Khalaf agree t hat paying debt s comes before fulfilling t he will, and t his is apparent t o t hose who read t he Ayah carefully. Allah said next ,

∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Αぁ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケ∇ギゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅレよ∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ぴ びゅ⇔バ∇ヘル∠ (You know not which of t hem, whet her your parent s or your children, are nearest t o you in benefit .) This Ayah means: We have appoint ed a share t o t he parent s and children, cont rary t o t he pract ice of Jahiliyyah and t he early Islamic era, when t he inherit ance would go t o t he children, and parent s get a share only if t hey were named in t he will, as Ibn ` Abbas st at ed. Allah abrogat ed t his pract ice and appoint ed a fixed share for t he children and for t he parent s. One may derive benefit in t his life or for t he Hereaft er from his parent s, t he likes of which he could not get from his children. The opposit e of t his could also be t rue. Allah said,

∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Αぁ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケ∇ギゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅレよ∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ぴ びゅ⇔バ∇ヘル∠ (You know not which of t hem, whet her your parent s or your children, are nearest t o you in benefit ,): since benefit could come from one or t he ot her of t hese relat ives, We appoint ed a fixed share of inherit ance for each. Allah knows best . Allah said,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ る⇔ ツ ∠ Α͡ゲプ∠ ぴ

(ordained by Allah), meaning: These appoint ed shares of inherit ance t hat We ment ioned and which give some inherit ors a bigger share t han ot hers, is a commandment from Allah t hat He has decided and ordained,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (And Allah is Ever All-Knower, All-Wise.), Who places everyt hing in it s right ful place and gives each his right ful share.

リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ャｚ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ブ ⊥ ∇ダル͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ͡ョ リ ∠ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ノ⊥ よ⊥ ぁゲャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡みプ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ノ⊥ よ⊥ ぁゲャや リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ リ ∃ ∇Αキ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヰよ͡ リ ∠ Β͡タヲ⊥Α る∃ Βｚ タ ͡ ヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡みプ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡ま ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥タヲ⊥ゎ る∃ Βｚ タ ͡ ヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ユ⊥わ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ リ ⊥ ヨ⊥ ぁんャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ り∀ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ヱ∠ぺ る⇔ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤミ∠ ゐ ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥Α ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ リ ∃ ∇Αキ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ラ͡みプ∠ サ ⊥ ギ⊥ ぁジャや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ギ∃ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ モ あ ム⊥ ヤ͡プ∠ ∀ろ∇カぺ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀ォ∠ぺ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゑ ͡ ヤ⊥んぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ￢⊥ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク リ͡ョ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ る⇔ Βｚ タ ͡ ヱ∠ ケｙ べ∠ツョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∃ ∇Αキ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヰよ͡ ヴ∠タヲ⊥Α る∃ Βｚ タ ͡ ヱ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ェ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ (12. In t hat which your wives leave, your share is half if t hey have no child; but if t hey leave a child, you get a fourt h of t hat which t hey leave aft er payment of legacies t hat t hey may have bequeat hed or debt s. In t hat which you leave, t heir (your wives) share is a fourt h if you leave no child; but if you leave a child, t hey get an eight h of t hat which you leave aft er payment of legacies t hat you may have bequeat hed or debt s. If t he man or woman whose inherit ance is in Kalalah has left neit her ascendant s nor descendant s, but has left a brot her or a sist er, each one of t he t wo get s a sixt h; but if more t han t wo, t hey share in a t hird; aft er payment of legacies he (or she) may have bequeat hed or debt s, so t hat no loss is caused (t o anyone). This is a Commandment from Allah; and Allah is Ever All-Knowing, Most Forbearing.)

Share of the Spouses in the Inheritance

Allah says t o t he husband, you get half of what your wife leaves behind if she dies and did not have a child. If she had a child, you get one-fourt h of what she leaves behind, aft er payment of legacies t hat she may have bequeat hed, or her debt s. We ment ioned before t hat payment of debt s comes before fulfilling t he will, and t hen comes t he will, t hen t he inherit ance, and t here is a consensus on t his mat t er among t he scholars. And t he rule applies t o t he grandchildren as well as t he children, even if t hey are great -grandchildren (or even furt her in generat ion) Allah t hen said,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ノ⊥ よ⊥ ぁゲャや リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (In t hat which you leave, t heir (your wives) share is a fourt h) and if t here is more t han one wife, t hey all share in t he fourt h, or one-eight h t hat t he wife get s. Earlier, we explained Allah's st at ement ,

びる∃ Βｚ タ ͡ ヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョぴ (Aft er payment of legacies)

The Meaning of Kalalah Allah said,

びる⇔ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤミ∠ ゐ ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥Α ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (If t he man or woman whose inherit ance is in quest ion was left in Kalalah.) Kalalah is a derivat ive of Iklil; t he crown t hat surrounds t he head. The meaning of Kalalah in t his Ayah is t hat t he person's heirs come from ot her t han t he first degree of relat ive. Ash-Sha` bi report ed t hat when Abu Bakr As-Siddiq was asked about t he meaning of Kalalah, he said, "I will say my own opinion about it , and if it is correct , t hen t his correct ness is from Allah. However, if my opinion is wrong, it will be my error and because of t he evil effort s of Shayt an, and Allah and His Messenger have not hing t o do wit h it . Kalalah refers t o t he man who has neit her descendant s nor ascendant s.'' When ` Umar became t he Khalifah, he said, "I hesit at e t o cont radict an opinion of Abu Bakr.'' This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and ot hers. In his Tafsir, Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "I was among t he last persons t o see ` Umar bin AlKhat t ab, and he said t o me, ` What you said was t he correct opinion.' I asked, ` What did I say' He said, ` That Kalalah refers t o t he person who has no child or parent s.''' This is also t he opinion of ` Ali bin Abi Talib, Ibn Mas` ud, Ibn ` Abbas, Zayd bin Thabit , Ash-Sha` bi, An-Nakha` i, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Qat adah, Jabir bin Zayd and Al-Hakam . This is also t he view of t he people of Al-Madinah, Kufah, Basrah, t he Seven Fuqaha', t he Four Imams and t he maj orit y of scholars of t he past and present , causing some scholars t o declare t hat t here is a consensus on t his opinion.

The Ruling Concerning Children of the Mother From Other Than the Deceased's Father Allah said,

び∀ろ∇カぺ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀ォ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (But has left a brot her or a sist er), meaning, from his mot her's side, as some of t he Salaf st at ed, including Sa` d bin Abi Waqqas. Qat adah report ed t hat t his is t he view of Abu Bakr AsSiddiq.

リ͡ョ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ラ͡みプ∠ サ ⊥ ギ⊥ ぁジャや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ギ∃ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ モ あ ム⊥ ヤ͡プ∠ ぴ びゑ ͡ ヤ⊥んぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ￢⊥ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク (Each one of t he t wo get s a sixt h; but if more t han t wo, t hey share in a t hird.) There is a difference bet ween t he half brot hers from t he mot her's side and t he rest of t he heirs. First , t hey get a share in t he inherit ance on account of t heir mot her. Second, t he males and females among t hem get t he same share. Third, t hey only have a share in t he inherit ance when t he deceased's est at e is inherit ed in Kalalah, for t hey do not have a share if t he deceased has a surviving fat her, grandfat her, child or grandchild. Fourt h, t hey do not have more t han a t hird, no mat t er how numerous t hey were. aAllah's st at ement ,

びケｙ べ∠ツョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∃ ∇Αキ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヰよ͡ ヴ∠タヲ⊥Α る∃ Βｚ タ ͡ ヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョぴ (Aft er payment of legacies he (or she) may have bequeat hed or debt s, so t hat no loss is caused (t o anyone).) means, let t he will and t est ament be fair and free of any t ype of harm, wit hout depriving some right ful heirs from all, or part of t heir share, or adding t o t he fixed port ion t hat Allah or dained for some heirs. Indeed, whoever does t his, will have disput ed wit h Allah concerning His decision and division. An aut hent ic Hadit h st at es,

る∠ Βｚ タ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚボェ ∠ ペ ∠ェ ∠ ヵ͡ク ｚモミ⊥ ヴ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» «ゐ͡ケや∠ヲャ͡ (Allah has given each his fixed due right . Theref ore, t here is no will for a right ful inherit or.)

ヮ⊥ ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ノ͡ ト ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ⊥ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ンゲ͡ ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ゾ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ヱ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ や⇔ギ͡ヤ⇒∠カ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ヮ⊥ ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ロ⊥ キ∠ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ ギｚ バ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ び ∀リΒ͡ヰョぁ (13. These are t he limit s (set by) Allah, and whosoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, will be admit t ed t o Gardens under which rivers flow (in Paradise), t o abide t herein, and is t he great success.) (14. And whosoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger, and t ransgresses His (set ) limit s, He will cast him int o t he Fire, t o abide t herein; and he shall suffer a disgraceful t orment .)

Warning Against Transgressing the Limits for Inheritance Meaning, t he Fara'id are Allah's set limit s. This includes what Allah has allot ed for t he heirs, according t o t he degree of relat ion t hey have t o t he deceased, and t heir degree of dependency on him. Therefore, do not t ransgress or violat e t hem. So Allah said;

びヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ノ͡ ト ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever obeys Allah and His Messenger,) regarding t he inherit ance, and does not add or decrease any of t hese fixed shares by use of t ricks and plot s. Rat her, he gives each his appoint ed share as Allah commanded, ordained and decided,

ヮ⊥ ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ノ͡ ト ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ⊥ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒ヰ∠ ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ゾ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ヱ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ や⇔ギ͡ヤ⇒∠カ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ヮ⊥ ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ロ⊥ キ∠ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ ギｚ バ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ び ∀リΒ͡ヰョぁ (Will be admit t ed t o Gardens under which rivers flow (in Paradise), t o abide t herein, and is t he great success. And whosoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger, and t ransgresses His (set ) limit s, He will cast him int o t he Fire, t o abide t herein; and he shall have a disgraceful t orment .) This is because he changed what Allah has ordained and disput ed wit h His j udgment . Indeed, t his is t he behavior of t hose who do not agree wit h what Allah has decided and divided,

and t his is why Allah punishes t hem wit h humiliat ion in t he et ernal, painful t orment . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat , t he Messenger of Allah said,

リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ͡ ヨ∠ バ∠ よ͡ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ ャ∠ モ ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ユ⊥ わ∠ ∇ガΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ヮわ͡ Βｚ タ ͡ ヱ∠ ヶ͡プ フ ∠ ゅ∠ェ ヴ∠タ∇ヱぺ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩⇔るレ∠ シ ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ ャ∠ モ ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠ケゅｚレャや モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ヮヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ゲあ ゼ ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ わ͡ Βｚ タ ͡ ヱ∠ ヶ͡プ メ ⊥ ギ͡ ∇バΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⇔るレ∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ゲあ ゼ ｚ ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ͡ ヨ∠ バ∠ よ͡ «るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ユ⊥ わ∠ ∇ガΒ⊥ プ∠ (A man might perform t he act ions of right eous people for sevent y years, but when it is t ime t o compile his will, he commit s inj ust ice. So his final work will be his worst , and he t hus ent ers t he Fire. A man might perform t he deeds of evil people for sevent y years, yet he is fair in his will. So his final work will be his best , and he t hus ent ers Paradise.) Abu Hurayrah said, "Read, if you will,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ⊥ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ (These are t he limit s (set by) Allah) unt il,

び∀リΒ͡ヰョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハぴ (a disgraceful t orment .).'' In t he chapt er on inj ust ice in t he will, Abu Dawud recorded in his Sunan t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

リ ∠ Βあわシ ͡ ぶ ͡ や る͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠トよ͡ り∠ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ ャ∠ モ ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» ヶ͡プ ラ ͡ やｚケゅ∠ツΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩⊥れ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩⇔るレ∠ シ ∠ «ケゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∠ャ ょ ⊥ イ ͡ わ∠ プ∠ ∩͡る⇒ｚΒタ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや (A man or a woman might perform act ions in obedience t o Allah for sixt y years. Yet , when t hey are near deat h, t hey leave an unfair will and t hus acquire t he Fire.) Abu Hurayrah t hen recit ed t he Ayah,

びケｙ べ∠ツョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∃ ∇Αキ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヰよ͡ ヴ∠タヲ⊥Α る∃ Βｚ タ ͡ ヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョぴ (Aft er payment of legacies he (or she) may have bequeat hed or debt s, so t hat no loss is caused), unt il,

びユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ヱぴ (and t hat is t he great success.) This was also recorded by At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah, and At Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib''.

∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ∇ゼわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠ジルあ リ͡ョ る∠ ゼ ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや リ ∠ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒∠ヤャや∠ヱぴ ヴ͡プ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ムジ ͡ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ͡ヰ∠セ ラ͡みプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ る⇔ バ∠よ∇ケぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ｚ ワ⊥ ゅｚプ∠ヲ∠わ∠Α ヴｚわェ ∠ れ ͡ ヲ⊥Βら⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠よゅ∠ゎ ラ͡みプ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ヱ⊥クゅ∠⇒∠プ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰレ͡ ⇒∠Βゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ ∠ や∠グヤｚャや∠ヱ - Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ゅ⇔よやヲｚ ゎ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠エヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ (15. And t hose of your women who commit illegal sexual int ercourse, t ake t he evidence of four wit nesses from among you against t hem; and if t hey t est ify, confine t hem (i.e. women) t o houses unt il deat h comes t o t hem or Allah ordains for t hem some (ot her) way.) (16. And t he t wo persons among you who commit illegal sexual int ercourse, punish t hem bot h. And if t hey repent and do right eous good deeds, leave t hem alone. Surely, Allah is Ever t he One Who accept s repent ance, (and He is) Most Merciful.)

The Adulteress is Confined in her House; A Command Later Abrogated At t he begining of Islam, t he ruling was t hat if a woman commit s adult ery as st ipulat ed by sufficient proof, she was confined t o her home, wit hout leave, unt il she died. Allah said,

びる∠ ゼ ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや リ ∠ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒∠ヤャや∠ヱぴ ゅルゴャや ヶレバΑ

ラ͡みプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ る⇔ バ∠よ∇ケぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ∇ゼわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠ジルあ リ͡ョぴ ｚリワ⊥ ゅｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ れ ͡ ヲ⊥Βら⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ムジ ͡ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ͡ヰ∠セ びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや (And t hose of your women who commit illegal sexual int ercourse, t ake t he evidence of four wit nesses from among you against t hem; and if t hey t est ify, confine t hem (i.e. women) t o houses unt il deat h comes t o t hem or Allah ordains for t hem some (ot her) way.) ` Some ot her way' ment ioned here is t he abrogat ion of t his ruling t hat came lat er. Ibn ` Abbas said, "The early ruling was confinement , unt il Allah sent down Surat An-Nur (chapt er 24) which abrogat ed t hat ruling wit h t he ruling of flogging (for fornicat ion) or st oning t o deat h (for adult ery).'' Similar was report ed from ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan, ` At a' Al-Khurasani, Abu Salih, Qat adah, Zayd bin Aslam and Ad-Dahhak, and t his is a mat t er t hat is agreed upon. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Ubadah bin As-Samit said, "When t he revelat ion descended upon t he Messenger of Allah , it would affect him and his face would show signs of st rain. One day, Allah sent down a revelat ion t o him, and when t he Messenger was relieved of it s st rain, he said,

ょ ⊥ Βあ んｚ ャや ∩ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡らシ ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∩ヶあレハ ∠ やヱ⊥グカ ⊥» ユ∀ ∇ィケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∃るも∠ ゅ͡ョ ギ⊥ ∇ヤィ ∠ ょ ⊥ Βあ ⇒⇒ｚんャや ∩͡ゲ∇ムら͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゲ⊥ ∇ムら͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩͡ょΒあ んｚ ャゅ͡よ «る∠レシ ∠ ヶ ⊥ ∇ヘル∠ ｚユを⊥ る∃ も∠ ゅ͡ョ ギ⊥ ∇ヤィ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ムら͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩͡りケ∠ ゅ∠イエ ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ (Take from me: Allah has made some ot her way for t hem. The married wit h t he married, t he unmarried wit h t he unmarried. The married get s a hundred lashes and st oning t o deat h, while t he unmarried get s a hundred lashes t hen banishment for a year.)'' Muslim and t he collect ors of t he Sunan recorded t hat ` Ubadah bin As-Samit said t hat t he Prophet said,

∩ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡らシ ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ぶ ⊥ やモ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∩ヶあレハ ∠ やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ヶあレハ ∠ やヱ⊥グカ ⊥» ょ ⊥ Βあ んｚ ャや∠ヱ ∩∃ュゅ∠ハ ょ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇ピゎ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ も∠ ゅ͡ョ ギ⊥ ∇ヤィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ムら͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゲ⊥ ∇ムら͡ ∇ャや «ユ∇ィゲｚ ャや∠ヱ る∃ も∠ ゅ͡ョ ギ⊥ ∇ヤィ ∠ ょ ͡ Βあ んｚ ャゅ͡よ (Take from me, t ake from me. Allah has made some ot her way for t hem: t he (unmarried) get s a hundred lashes and banishment for one year, while t he (married) get s a hundred lashes and st oning t o deat h.) At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih''. Allah said,

びゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ヱ⊥クゅ∠⇒プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰレ͡ ⇒∠Βゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ ∠ や∠グヤｚャや∠ヱぴ

(And t he t wo persons among you who commit illegal sexual int ercourse, punish t hem bot h.) Ibn ` Abbas and Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat t his punishment includes cursing, shaming t hem and beat ing t hem wit h sandals. This was t he ruling unt il Allah abrogat ed it wit h flogging or st oning, as we st at ed. Muj ahid said, "It was revealed about t he case of t wo men who do it .'' As if he was referring t o t he act ions of t he people of Lut , and Allah knows best . The collect ors of Sunan recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プ ∩∃ヅヲ⊥ャ ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ モ ∠ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ヮ͡よ メ ∠ ヲ⊥バ∇ヘヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ハ ͡ ゅ∠ヘ∇ャや (Whoever you cat ch commit t ing t he act of t he people of Lut (homosexualit y), t hen kill bot h part ies t o t he act .) Allah said,

びゅ∠エヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠よゅ∠ゎ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (And if t hey repent and do right eous good deeds), by refraining from t hat evil act , and t hereaft er t heir act ions become right eous,

びべ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ ぴ (leave t hem alone), do not verbally abuse t hem aft er t hat , since he who t ruly repent s is j ust like he who has no sin,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ ゅ⇔よやｚヲゎ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, Allah is Ever t he One Who accept s repent ance, Most Merciful.) The following is recorded in t he Two Sahihs:

∇ゆゲあ ん∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ｚギエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ワ∇ギヤ͡∇イΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∩∇ユミ⊥ ͡ギ∠ェ∠ぺ る⊥ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ろル∠ コ∠ や∠クま͡» «ゅヰ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (When t he slave-girl of one of you commit s illegal sexual int ercouse, let him flog her and not chast ise her aft erwards. ) because t he lashes she receives erase t he sin t hat she has commit t ed.

￢∠ ヲぁジャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る⊥ よ∠ ∇ヲｚわャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ょ ∃ Α͡ゲホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よヲ⊥わΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ る∃ ヤ∠⇒∠ヰイ ∠ よ͡ る⊥ よ∠ ∇ヲｚわャや ろ ͡ ジ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ツ ∠ ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ͡ろ⇒∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠Ι ｘや ろ ⊥ ∇らゎ⊥ ヴあルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギ∠わ∇ハ∠ぺ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∀ケゅｚヘミ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ (17. Allah accept s only t he repent ance of t hose who do evil in ignorance and foolishness and repent soon aft erwards ; it is t hey t o whom Allah will forgive and Allah is Ever All-Knower, All-Wise.) (18. And of no effect is t he repent ance of t hose who cont inue t o do evil deeds unt il deat h faces one of t hem and he says: "Now I repent ;'' nor of t hose who die while t hey are disbelievers. For t hem, We have prepared a painful t orment .)

Repentance is Accepted Until one Faces death Allah st at es t hat He accept s repent ance of t he servant who commit s an error in ignorance and t hen repent s, even j ust before he sees t he angel who capt ures t he soul, before his soul reaches his t hroat . Muj ahid and ot hers said, "Every person who disobeys Allah by mist ake, or int ent ionally is ignorant , unt il he refrains from t he sin.'' Qat adah said t hat Abu Al-` Aliyah narrat ed t hat t he Companions of t he Messenger of Allah used t o say, "Every sin t hat t he servant commit s, he commit s out of ignorance.'' ` Abdur-Razzaq narrat ed t hat , Ma` mar said t hat Qat adah said t hat , t he Companions of t he Messenger of Allah agreed t hat every sin t hat is commit t ed by int ent ion or ot herwise, is commit t ed in ignorance.'' Ibn Jurayj said, "Abdullah bin Kat hir narrat ed t o me t hat Muj ahid said, ` Every person who disobeys Allah (even willfully), is ignorant while commit t ing t he act of disobedience.''' Ibn Jurayj said, "` At a' bin Abi Rabah t old me somet hing similar.'' Abu Salih said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "It is because of one's ignorance t hat he commit s t he error.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about t he Ayah,

びょ ∃ Α͡ゲホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よヲ⊥わΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and repent soon (aft erwards)), "Unt il j ust before he (or she) looks at t he angel of deat h.'' AdDahhak said, "Every t hing before deat h is ` soon aft erwards .''' Al-Hasan Al-Basri said about t he Ayah,

びょ ∃ Α͡ゲホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よヲ⊥わΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ

(and repent soon aft erwards), "Just before his last breat h leaves his t hroat .'' ` Ikrimah said, "All of t his life is ` soon aft erwards .''' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger said,

«ゲ͡ビ∇ゲピ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ゅョ∠ ギ͡ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや る∠ よ∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ モ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» (Allah accept s t he repent ance of t he servant as long as t he soul does not reach t he t hroat .) This Hadit h was also collect ed by At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah, and At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib''. By mist ake, Ibn Maj ah ment ioned t hat t his Hadit h was narrat ed t hrough ` Abdullah bin ` Amr. However, what is correct is t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab was t he narrat or. Allah said,

ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ (It is t hey t o whom Allah will forgive and Allah is Ever All-Knower, All-Wise.) Surely, when hope in cont inued living diminishes, t he angel of deat h comes fort h and t he soul reaches t he t hroat , approaches t he chest and arrives at t he st at e where it is being gradually pulled out , t hen t here is no accept ed repent ance, nor a way out of t hat cert ain end. Hence Allah's st at ement s,

や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ る⊥ よ∠ ∇ヲｚわャや ろ ͡ ジ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠Ι ｘやろ ⊥ ∇らゎ⊥ ヴあルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ツ ∠ ェ ∠ (And of no effect is t he repent ance of t hose who cont inue t o do evil deeds unt il deat h faces one of t hem and he says: "Now I repent ,'') and,

びロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠レシ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (So when t hey saw Our punishment , t hey said: "We believe in Allah Alone...'') 40:84 Allah decided t hat repent ance shall not be accept ed from t he people of t he eart h when t he sun rises from t he west , as Allah said,

ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヂ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ ヴ͡プ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろレ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま びや⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ゅ∠ヰレ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま

(The day t hat some of t he signs of your Lord do come, no good will it do t o a person t o believe t hen, if he believed not before, nor earned good t hrough his fait h.) 6:158 . oAllah said,

び∀ケゅｚヘミ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor of t hose who die while t hey are disbelievers.) Consequent ly, when t he disbeliever dies while st ill a disbeliever and polyt heist , his sorrow and repent ance shall not avail him. If he were t o ransom himself, even wit h t he eart h's fill of gold, it will not be accept ed from him. Ibn ` Abbas, Abu Al-` Aliyah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said t hat t he Ayah:

び∀ケゅｚヘミ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor of t hose who die while t hey are disbelievers), was revealed about t he people of Shirk. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Usamah bin Salman said t hat Abu Dharr said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ノ͡ ボ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ゅ∠ョ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ る∠ よ∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ モ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» «ゆゅ∠イエ ͡ ∇ャや (Allah accept s t he repent ance of His servant , or forgives His servant , as long as t he veil does not drop.) They asked, "And what does t he drop of t he veil mean '' He said,

«る∠ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ザ ⊥ ∇ヘｚレャや ァ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠» (When t he soul is removed while one is a polyt hiest .) Allah t hen said,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (For t hem We have prepared a painful t orment ), t orment t hat is severe, et ernal and enormous.

￢∠ べ∠ジレあ ャや ∇やヲ⊥をゲ͡ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ べ∠ョ ヂ ͡ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇グわ∠ ャ͡ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤツ ⊥ ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ワ∇ゲミ∠ る∃ レ∠ Βあ ら∠ ョぁ る∃ ゼ ∠ェ ͡ ゅ∠ヘよ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢

ヴ∠ジバ∠ プ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ワ͡ゲ∠ミ ラ͡みプ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲセ ͡ ゅ∠ハヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ワゲ∠ ∇ムゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ァ ∃ ∇ヱコ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムョｚ ァ ∃ ∇ヱコ∠ メ ∠ や∠ギ∇らわ͡ ∇シや ユ⊥ ゎぁ ∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ト∇レホ͡ ｚリワ⊥ や∠ギ∇ェま͡ ヴ∠ツ∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁ ゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠わ∇ヰよ⊥ - ゅ⇔ヌΒ͡ヤビ ∠ ゅ⇔ボ⇒∠んΒあョ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ラ ∠ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや∠￢ ウ ∠ ム∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥エム͡ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠シヱ∠ ゅ⇔わ∇ボョ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ゼ ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ブ ∠ ヤ∠シ ∠ (19. O you who believe! You are not permit t ed t o inherit women against t heir will, nor t o prevent t hem from marriage in order t o get part of (t he dowry) what you have given t hem, unless t hey commit open Fahishah. And live wit h t hem honorably. If you dislike t hem, it may be t hat you dislike a t hing and Allah brings t hrough it a great deal of good.) (20. But if you int end t o replace a wife by anot her and you have given one of t hem a Qint ar, t ake not t he least bit of it back; would you t ake it wrongfully wit hout a right and (wit h) a manifest sin) (21. And how could you t ake it (back) while you have gone in unt o each ot her, and t hey have t aken from you a firm and st rong covenant ) (22. And marry not women whom your fat hers married, except what has already passed; indeed it was shameful and Maqt an, and an evil way.)

Meaning of ` Inheriting Women Against Their Will Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about t he Ayah,

￢∠ べ∠ジレあ ャや ∇やヲ⊥をゲ͡ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ びゅ⇔ワ∇ゲミ∠ (O you who believe! You are not permit t ed t o inherit women against t heir will,) "Before, t he pract ice was t hat when a man dies, his male relat ives used t o have t he right t o do what ever t hey want ed wit h his wife. If one of t hem want s, he would marry her, give her in marriage, or prevent her from marriage, for t hey had more right t o her t han her own family. Thereaft er, t his Ayah was revealed about t his pract ice,

￢∠ べ∠ジレあ ャや ∇やヲ⊥をゲ͡ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ びゅ⇔ワ∇ゲミ∠ (O you who believe! You are not permit t ed t o inherit women against t heir will).''

Women Should not Be Treated with Harshness Allah said,

びリ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ョ ヂ ͡ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇グわ∠ ャ͡ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤツ ⊥ ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor t o prevent t hem from marriage, in order t o t ake part of what you have given t hem,) Allah commands: Do not t reat t he woman harshly so t hat she gives back all or part of t he dowry t hat she was given, or forfeit s one of her right s by means of coercion and oppression. Allah's st at ement ,

びる∃ レ∠ Βあ ら∠ ョぁ る∃ ゼ ∠ェ ͡ ゅ∠ヘよ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (unless t hey commit open Fahishah.) Ibn Mas` ud, Ibn ` Abbas, Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib, AshSha` bi, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Muhammad bin Sirin, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, ` At a' AlKhurasani, Ad-Dahhak, Abu Qilabah, Abu Salih, As-Suddi, Zayd bin Aslam and Sa` id bin Abi Hilal said t hat t his refers t o illicit sex. Meaning t hat if t he wife commit s adult ery, you are allowed t o t ake back t he dowry you gave her. You are also allowed t o annoy her, unt il she gives back t he dowry in ret urn for a Khula` .'' In Surat Al-Baqarah, Allah said,

Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べｚヨョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ∠ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ べ∠プゅ∠ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ (And it is not lawful for you (men) t o t ake back (from your wives) any of what you have given t hem, except when bot h part ies fear t hat t hey would be unable t o keep t he limit s ordained by Allah) 2:229 . Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah and Ad-Dahhak said t hat Fahishah refers t o disobedience and defiance. Ibn Jarir chose t he view t hat it is general, encompasses all t hese meanings, adult ery, disobedience, defiance, rudeness, and so fort h. Meaning t hat he is allowed t o annoy his wife when she does any of t hese act s unt il she forfeit s all or part of her right s and he t hen separat es from her, and t his view is good, and Allah knows best .

Live With Women Honorably

Allah said,

びフ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲセ ͡ ゅ∠ハヱ∠ ぴ (And live wit h t hem honorably), by saying kind words t o t hem, t reat ing t hem kindly and making your appearance appealing for t hem, as much as you can, j ust as you like t he same from t hem. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

びフ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ン͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey have right s similar over t hem t o what is reasonable) 2:228 . The Messenger of Allah said,

«ヶ͡ヤ∇ワ∠ほ͡ャ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮヤ͡∇ワほ∠ャ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠» (The best among you is he who is t he best wit h his family. Verily, I am t he best one among you wit h my family.) It was t he pract ice of t he Messenger of Allah t o be kind, cheerful, playful wit h his wives, compassionat e, spending on t hem and laughing wit h t hem. The Messenger used t o race wit h ` A'ishah, t he Mot her of t he Fait hful, as a means of kindness t o her. ` A'ishah said, "The Messenger of Allah raced wit h me and I won t he race. This occurred before I gained weight , and aft erwards I raced wit h him again, and he won t hat race. He said,

«マ∇ヤわ͡ よ͡ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ» (This vict ory is for t hat vict ory .)'' When t he Prophet was at t he home of one of his wives, somet imes all of his wives would meet t here and eat t oget her, and t hey would t hen go back t o t heir homes. He and his wife would sleep in t he same bed, he would remove his upper garment , sleeping in only his lower garment . The Prophet used t o t alk t o t he wife whose night it was, aft er praying ` Isha' and before he went t o sleep. Allah said,

びる∀ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∀り∠ヲ∇シぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ͡ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ (Indeed in t he Messenger of Allah you have a good example t o follow) 33:21 . Allah said,

モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ワゲ∠ ∇ムゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジバ∠ プ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ワ͡ゲ∠ミ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ びや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (If you dislike t hem, it may be t hat you dislike a t hing and Allah brings t hrough it a great deal of good.) Allah says t hat your pat ience, which is demonst rat ed by keeping wives whom you

dislike, carries good rewards for you in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t his Ayah, "That t he husband may feel compassion t owards his wife and Allah gives him a child wit h her, and t his child carries t remendous goodness.'' An aut hent ic Hadit h st at es,

∩ゅ⇔ボヤ⊥カ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ テ ∠ガ ͡シ ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∩⇔るレ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇ポゲ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ゲ∠カへ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヶ ∠ッ ͡ ケ∠ (No believing man should hat e his believing wife. If he dislikes a part of her conduct , he would surely like anot her.)

The Prohibition of Taking Back the Dowry Allah said,

∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ァ ∃ ∇ヱコ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムョｚ ァ ∃ ∇ヱコ∠ メ ∠ や∠ギ∇らわ͡ ∇シや ユ⊥ ゎぁ ∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ト∇レホ͡ ｚリワ⊥ や∠ギ∇ェま͡ び ゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁ ゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠わ∇ヰよ⊥ (But if you int end t o replace a wife by anot her and you have given one of t hem a Qint ar, t ake not t he least bit of it back; would you t ake it wrongfully wit hout a right and (wit h) a manifest sin) The Ayah commands: When one of you want s t o divorce a wife and marry anot her one, he must not t ake any port ion of t he dowry he gave t o t he first wife, even if it were a Qint ar of money. We ment ioned t he meaning of Qint ar in t he Tafsir of Surah Al ` Imran. This Ayah is clear in it s indicat ion t hat t he dowry could be subst ant ial. ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab used t o discourage giving a large dowry, but lat er on changed his view. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Al-` Aj fa' As-Sulami said t hat he heard ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab saying, "Do not exaggerat e wit h t he dowry of women, had t his pract ice been an honor in t his world or a part of Taqwa, t hen t he Prophet would have had more right t o pract ice it t han you. The Messenger of Allah never gave any of his wives, nor did any of his daught ers receive a dowry more t han t welve Uwqiyah. A man used t o pay a subst ant ial dowry and t hus conceal enmit y t owards his wife!'' Ahmad and t he collect ors of Sunan collect ed t his Hadit h t hrough various chains of narrat ion, and At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih''. Al-Hafiz Abu Ya` la recorded t hat Masruq said, "` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab st ood up on t he Minbar of t he Messenger of Allah and said, ` O people! Why do you exaggerat e concerning t he dowry given t o women The Messenger of Allah and his Companions used t o pay up t o four hundred Dirhams for a dowry, or less t han t hat . Had paying more for a dowry been a part of Taqwa or an honor, you would not have led t hem in t his pract ice. Therefore, I do not want t o hear about a man who pays more t han four hundred Dirhams for a dowry.' He t hen went down t he Minbar, but a woman from Quraysh said t o him, ` O Leader of t he Fait hful! You prohibit ed people from paying more t han four hundred Dirhams in a dowry for women' He said, ` Yes.' She said, ` Have you not heard what Allah sent down in t he Qur'an' He said, ` Which part of it ' She said, ` Have you not heard Allah's st at ement ,

びや⇔ケゅ∠ト∇レホ͡ ｚリワ⊥ や∠ギ∇ェま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (And you have given one of t hem a Qint ar)' He said, ` O Allah! Forgive me...' He t hen went back and st ood up on t he Minbar saying, ` I had prohibit ed you from paying more t han four hundred Dirhams in a dowry for women. So, let everyone pay what he likes from his money.''' The chain of narrat ion for t his Hadit h is st rong.

びヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ツ∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And how could you t ake it (back) while you have gone in unt o each ot her) how can you t ake back t he dowry from t he woman wit h whom you had sexual relat ions and she had sexual relat ions wit h you Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, As-Suddi and several ot hers said t hat t his means sexual int ercourse. The Two Sahihs record t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t hree t imes t o t he spouses who said t he Mula` anah;

«∨∀ょも͡ ゅ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ∩∀ゆク͡ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ぶ ⊥ や» (Allah knows t hat one of you is a liar, so would any of you repent ) The man said, "O Messenger of Allah! My money,'' referring t o t he dowry t hat he gave his wife. The Messenger said,

ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ホギ∠ タ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ ∇ラま͡ ∩∠マャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ャ» ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇よグ∠ ミ∠ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰィ ͡ ∇ゲプ∠ ∇リョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ヤヤ∠∇エわ∠ ∇シや «ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ギ⊥ バ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ (You have no money. If you are t he one who said t he t rut h, t he dowry is in ret urn for t he right t o have sexual int ercourse wit h her. If you are t he one who ut t ered t he lie, t hen t his money is even fart her from your reach.) Similarly Allah said;

ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ツ∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔ヌΒ͡ヤビ ∠ ゅ⇔ボ⇒∠んΒあョ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ラ ∠ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ (And how could you t ake it (back) while you have gone in unt o each ot her and t hey have t aken from you a firm and st rong covenant ) (Be kind wit h women, for you have t aken t hem by Allah's covenant and earned t he right t o have sexual relat ions wit h t hem by Allah's Word.)

Marrying the Wife of the Father is Prohibited

Allah said,

び￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや∠￢ ウ ∠ ム∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥エム͡ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And marry not women whom your fat hers married,) Allah prohibit s marrying t he women whom t he fat her married, in honor and respect t o t he fat hers, not allowing t heir children t o have sexual relat ions wit h t heir wives aft er t hey die. A woman becomes ineligible for t he son of her husband as soon as t he marriage cont ract is conduct ed, and t here is a consensus on t his ruling. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, t he people used t o prohibit what Allah prohibit s (concerning marriage), except marrying t he st epmot her and t aking t wo sist ers as rival wives. Allah sent down,

び￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや∠￢ ウ ∠ ム∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥エム͡ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And marry not women whom your fat hers married,) and,

びリ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ∇カΙ ｙ やリ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (and t wo sist ers in wedlock at t he same t ime) 4:23 .'' Similar was report ed from ` At a' and Qat adah. Therefore, t he pract ice t hat t he Ayah ment ions is prohibit ed for t his Ummah, being disgraced as an awful sin, r

びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠シヱ∠ ゅ⇔わ∇ボョ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ゼ ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Indeed it was shameful and Maqt an, and an evil way.) Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

びリ ∠ト ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ズ ∠ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Come not near t o Al-Fawahish (shameful act s) whet her commit t ed openly or secret ly) 6:151 , and,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠シヱ∠ る⇔ ゼ ∠ェ ͡ ゅ∠プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴ∠ルゴあ ャや ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And come not near t o unlawful sex. Verily, it is a Fahishah and an evil way.) 17:32 In t his Ayah (4:22), Allah added,

びゅ⇔わ∇ボョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and Maqt an), meaning, offensive. It is a sin it self and causes t he son t o hat e his fat her aft er he marries his wife. It is usual t hat whoever marries a woman dislikes t hose who married her before him. This is one reason why t he Mot hers of t he Fait hful were not allowed for anyone in marriage aft er t he Messenger . They are indeed t he Mot hers of t he Fait hful since t hey married t he Messenger , who is like t he fat her t o t he believers. Rat her, t he Prophet 's right is far great er t han t he right of a fat her, and his love comes before each person loving himself, may Allah's peace and blessings be on him. ` At a' bin Abi Rabah said t hat t he Ayah,

びゅ⇔わ∇ボョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and Maqt an), means, Allah will hat e him,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠シヱ∠ ぴ (and an evil way), for t hose who t ake t his way. Therefore, t hose who commit t his pract ice will have commit t ed an act of reversion from t he religion and deserve capit al punishment and confiscat ion of t heir propert y, which will be given t o t he Muslim Treasury. Imam Ahmad and t he collect ors of Sunan recorded t hat Al-Bara' bin ` Azib said t hat his uncle Abu Burdah was sent by t he Messenger of Allah t o a man who married his st epmot her t o execut e him and confiscat e his money.

∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠レよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ゲあ ェ ⊥ぴ ろ ͡ ∇カΙ ｙや れ ⊥ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヱ∠ ォ ͡Ι ｘや れ ⊥ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ⇒∠カヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ⇒ｚヨハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムゎ⊥ ヲ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇バッ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヴ͡ゎΚ ｚ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヴ͡プ ヴ͡わ⇒ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ら⊥ も͡ ゅ∠よケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠ジル͡ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ッゲｚ ャや ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ キ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ も͡ べ∠ジルあ リあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヲ⊥イェ ⊥ モ ⊥ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤェ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ キ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠ヤ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ も͡ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ブ ∠ ヤ∠シ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ∇カΙ ｙや び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ

(23. Forbidden t o you (for marriage) are: your mot hers, your daught ers, your sist ers, your fat her's sist ers, your mot her's sist ers, your brot her's daught ers, your sist er's daught ers, your fost er mot hers who suckled you, your fost er milk suckling sist ers, your wives' mot hers, your st epdaught ers under your guardianship, born of your wives unt o whom you have gone in -- but t here is no sin on you if you have not gone in unt o t hem (t o marry t heir daught ers), -- t he wives of your sons who (spring) from your own loins, and t wo sist ers in wedlock at t he same t ime, except for what has already passed; verily, Allah is Oft - Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

Degrees of Women Never Eligible for One to Marry This honorable Ayah is t he Ayah t hat est ablishes t he degrees of women relat ives who are never eligible for one t o marry, because of blood relat ions, relat ions est ablished by suckling or marriage. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "(Allah said) I have prohibit ed for you seven t ypes of relat ives by blood and seven by marriage.'' Ibn ` Abbas t hen recit ed t he Ayah,

び∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠レよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ゲあ ェ ⊥ぴ (Forbidden t o you (for marriage) are: your mot hers, your daught ers, your sist ers...) At -Tabari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Seven degrees of blood relat ion and seven degrees of marriage relat ion are prohibit ed (for marriage).'' He t hen recit ed t he Ayah,

∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠レよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ゲあ ェ ⊥ぴ びろ ͡ ∇カΙ ｙ やれ ⊥ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヱ∠ ォ ͡Ι ｘやれ ⊥ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ⇒∠カヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ⇒ｚヨハ ∠ ヱ∠ (Forbidden t o you (for marriage) are: your mot hers, your daught ers, your sist ers, your fat her's sist ers, your mot her's sist ers, your brot her's daught ers, your sist er's daught ers) and t hese are t he t ypes prohibit ed by blood relat ion.'' Allah's st at ement ,

リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムゎ⊥ ヲ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇バッ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヴ͡ゎΚ ｚ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ びる͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ッゲｚ ャや (Your fost er mot hers who suckled you, your fost er milk suckling sist ers) means, j ust as your mot her who bore you is prohibit ed for you in marriage, so is your mot her from suckling prohibit ed for you. Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t hat ` A'ishah, t he Mot her of t he Fait hful, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«り∠キゅ∠ャヲ͡ ∇ャや ュ⊥ あゲエ ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ュ⊥ あゲエ ∠ ゎ⊥ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ッゲｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» (Suckling prohibit s what birt h prohibit s.) In anot her narrat ion report ed by Muslim,

«ょ∠ジレｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ュ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ッゲｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ュ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ » (Suckling est ablishes prohibit ed degrees j ust as blood does.)

` Suckling' that Establishes Prohibition for Marriage Less t han five incident s of suckling will not est ablish prohibit ion for marriage. In his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "Among t he part s of t he Qur'an t hat were revealed, is t he st at ement , ` Ten incident s of suckling est ablishes t he prohibit ion (concerning marriage).' It was lat er abrogat ed wit h five, and t he Messenger of Allah died while t his st at ement was st ill recit ed as part of t he Qur'an.''' A Hadit h t hat Sahlah bint Suhayl narrat ed st at es t hat t he Messenger of Allah ordered her t o suckle Salim t he freed slave of Abu Hudhayfah wit h five.'' We should assert t hat t he suckling ment ioned here must occur before t he age of t wo, as we st at ed when we explained t he Ayah in Surat Al-Baqarah,

ラ∠ぺ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ョ͡ ゅ∠ミ リ ͡ ∇Βャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇バッ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ぴ びる∠ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ッゲｚ ャや ｚユわ͡ Α⊥ ((The mot hers) should suckle t heir children for t wo whole years, (t hat is) for t hose (parent s) who desire t o complet e t he t erm of suckling) 2:233 . The Mot her-in-Law and St epdaught er are Prohibit ed in Marriage Allah said next ,

∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヲ⊥イェ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ヴ͡わ⇒ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ら⊥ も͡ ゅ∠よケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠ジル͡ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ キ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ も͡ べ∠ジルあ リあョ び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ キ∠ (Your wives' mot hers, your st epdaught ers under your guardianship, born of your wives unt o whom you have gone in - but t here is no sin on you if you have not gone in unt o t hem,) As for t he mot her of t he wife, she becomes prohibit ed for marriage for her son-in-law when t he marriage is conduct ed, whet her t he son-in-law has sexual relat ions wit h her daught er or not . As for t he wife's daught er, she becomes prohibit ed for her st epfat her when he has sexual relat ions wit h her mot her, aft er t he marriage cont ract is rat ified. If t he man divorces t he mot her before having sexual relat ions wit h her, he is allowed t o marry her daught er. So Allah said;

ヴ͡わ⇒ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ も͡ べ∠ジルあ リあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヲ⊥イェ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ヴ͡わ⇒ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ら⊥ も͡ ゅ∠よケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ キ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ キ∠ び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (Your st epdaught ers under your guardianship, born of your wives unt o whom you have gone in - but t here is no sin on you if you have not gone in unt o t hem,) t o marry t he st epdaught er.

The Stepdaughter is Prohibited in Marriage Even if She Was Not Under the Guardianship of Her Stepfather Allah said,

び∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヲ⊥イェ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ヴ͡わ⇒ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ら⊥ も͡ ゅ∠よケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (...your st epdaught ers under your guardianship,) The maj orit y of scholars st at e t hat t he st epdaught er is prohibit ed in marriage for her st epfat her who consummat ed his marriage t o her mot her whet her she was under his guardianship or not . The Two Sahih recorded t hat Umm Habibah said, "O Messenger of Allah! Marry my sist er, t he daught er of Abu Sufyan (and in one narrat ion ` Azzah bint Abu Sufyan).'' He said,

«マ͡ャク リ ∠ Βあらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ぺ∠» メゅホ ∩ヶわカぺ ゲ∃ Βカ ヶプ ヶレミケゅセ リョ ょェぺヱ ∩るΒヤガヨよ マャ ろジャ .ユバル :ろャゅホ ∨:

«ヶ͡ャ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ マ ͡ ャ͡ク ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ » . メゅホ ∩るヨヤシ ヶよぺ ろレよ ウムレゎ ラぺ ギΑゲゎ マルぺ ゐギエわル ゅルみプ :ろャゅホ:

«る∠ヨヤ∠シ ∠ あュぺ⊥ ろ ∠ ∇レよ͡ » メゅホ .ユバル :ろャゅホ ∨:

∇ろヤｚェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヵ͡ゲ∇イェ ͡ ヶ͡プ ヶ͡わら∠ Β͡よケ∠ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡» ヶ͡レ∇わバ∠ ッ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∩͡るハ ∠ ゅ∠ッゲｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヶ͡カぺ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇レら͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ ∩ヶ͡ャ

ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ｚリム⊥ ゎ͡ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ∠ ∇ッゲ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩⊥るら∠ ∇Αヲ∠ を⊥ る∠ ヨ∠ ヤ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠よぺ∠ヱ∠ «リ⊥ムゎ͡ や∠ヲカ ∠ ぺ∠ ("Do you like t hat I do t hat '' She said, "I would not give you up for anyt hing, but t he best of whom I like t o share wit h me in t hat which is right eously good, is my sist er.'' He said, "That is not allowed for me.'' She said, "We were t old t hat you want t o marry t he daught er of Abu Salamah.'' He asked, "The daught er of Umm Salamah'' She said, "Yes.'' He said, "Even if she was not my st epdaught er and under my guardianship, she is st ill not allowed for me because she is my niece from suckling, for Thuwaybah suckled me and Abu Salamah. Therefore, do not offer me t o marry your daught ers or sist ers. '') In anot her narrat ion from Al-Bukhari,

«ヶ͡ャ ∇ろヤｚェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ る∠ ヨ∠ ヤ∠シ ∠ ｚュぺ⊥ ∇ァヱｚ ゴ∠ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ヶあルま͡» (Had I not married Umm Salamah, her daught er would not have been allowed for me anyway.) Consequent ly, t he Messenger st at ed t hat his marriage t o Umm Salamah was t he real reason behind t hat prohibit ion.

Meaning of ` gone in unto them The Ayah cont inues,

びリ ｚ ヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ キ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒ｚヤャやぴ (Your wives unt o whom you have gone in), meaning, had sexual relat ions wit h t hem, according t o Ibn ` Abbas and several ot hers.

Prohibiting the Daughter-in-Law for Marriage Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠ヤ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ も͡ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ モ ⊥ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (The wives of your sons who (spring) from your own loins,) Therefore, you are prohibit ed t o marry t he wives of your own sons, but not t he wives of your adopt ed sons, as adopt ion was common pract ice in Jahiliyyah. Allah said,

Ι ∠ ∇ヴム∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヰム∠ ⇒∠レ∇ィヱｚ コ∠ や⇔ゲ∠デヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∀ギ∇Α∠コ ヴ∠ツホ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠Βハ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ ァ ͡ や∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ァ ∀ ゲ∠ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ (So when Zayd had accomplished his desire from her (i.e. divorced her), We gave her t o you in marriage, so t hat (in fut ure) t here may be no difficult y t o t he believers in respect of (t he marriage of) t he wives of t heir adopt ed sons when t he lat t er have no desire t o keep t hem (i.e. t hey had divorced t hem).) 33:37 Ibn Jurayj said, "I asked ` At a' about Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠ヤ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ も͡ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ モ ⊥ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (The wives of your sons who (spring) from your own loins,) He said, ` We were t old t hat when t he Prophet married t he ex-wife of Zayd (who was t he Prophet 's adopt ed son before Islam prohibit ed t his pract ice), t he idolat ors in Makkah crit icized him. Allah sent down t he Ayat :

び∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠ヤ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ も͡ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ モ ⊥ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (The wives of your sons who (spring) from your own loins),

び∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠Βハ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (nor has He made your adopt ed sons your real sons.) 33:4 , and,

び∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠ィケあ リ∂ョ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠よ∠ぺ ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚョぴ (Muhammad is not t he fat her of any of your men) 33:40 .''' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat AlHasan bin Muhammad said, "These Ayat are encompassing,

びユ⊥ ム⊥ も͡ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ モ ⊥ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (t he wives of your sons), and,

び∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠ジル͡ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (your wives' mot hers). This is also t he explanat ion of Tawus, Ibrahim, Az-Zuhri and Makhul. It means t hat t hese t wo Ayat encompass t hese t ypes of women, whet her t he marriage was consummat ed or not , and t here is a consensus on t his ruling.

A Doubt and Rebuttal Why is t he wife of one's son from suckling prohibit ed for him for marriage - t hat is, if she is no longer married t o his son from suckling - as t he maj orit y of scholars st at e, alt hough t hey are not relat ed by blood The answer is t he Prophet 's st at ement ,

«ょ∠ジレｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ュ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ネ ͡ ゅ∠ッゲｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ュ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ » (Suckling prohibit s what blood relat ions prohibit .)

The Prohibition of Taking Two Sisters as Rival Wives Allah said,

びブ ∠ ヤ∠シ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ∇カΙ ｙ やリ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (...and t wo sist ers in wedlock at t he same t ime, except for what has already passed;) The Ayah commands: you are prohibit ed t o t ake t wo sist ers as rival wives, or rival female-servant s, except for what had happened t o you during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, which We have forgiven and erased. Therefore, no one is allowed t o t ake or keep t wo sist ers as rival wives, according t o t he consensus of t he scholars of t he Companions, t heir followers, and t he Imams of old and present . They all st at ed t hat t aking t wo sist ers as rival wives is prohibit ed, and t hat whoever embraces Islam while married t o t wo sist ers at t he same t ime is given t he choice t o keep one of t hem and divorce t he ot her. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ad-Dahhak bin Fayruz said t hat his fat her said, "I embraced Islam while married t o t wo sist ers at t he same t ime and t he Prophet commanded me t o divorce one of t hem.''

∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ムヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レダ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ￢∠ や∠ケヱ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ｚェ ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ リ ∠ Β͡エヘ͡ ⇒∠ジョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レダ ͡ ∇エョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らゎ∠ る⇔ ツ ∠ Α͡ゲプ∠ ｚリワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎゅ∠⇒プ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バわ∠ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シや ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βッ ∠ や∠ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ る͡ ツ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや

(24. Also (forbidden are) women already married, except t hose (slaves) whom your right hands possess. Thus has Allah ordained for you. All ot hers are lawful, provided you seek t hem (wit h a dowry) from your propert y, desiring chast it y, not fornicat ion. So wit h t hose among t hem whom you have enj oyed, give t hem t heir required due, but if you agree mut ually (t o give more) aft er t he requirement (has been det ermined), t here is no sin on you. Surely, Allah is Ever AllKnowing, All-Wise.)

Forbidding Women Already Married, Except for Female Slaves Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ムヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レダ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (Also (forbidden are) women already married, except t hose whom your right hands possess.) The Ayah means, you are prohibit ed from marrying women who are already married,

び∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ムヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except t hose whom your right hands possess) except t hose whom you acquire t hrough war, for you are allowed such women aft er making sure t hey are not pregnant . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri said, "We capt ured some women from t he area of Awt as who were already married, and we disliked having sexual relat ions wit h t hem because t hey already had husbands. So, we asked t he Prophet about t his mat t er, and t his Ayah was revealed, e

び∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ムヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レダ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (Also (forbidden are) women already married, except t hose whom your right hands possess). Consequent ly, we had sexual relat ions wit h t hese women.'' This is t he wording collect ed by At Tirmidhi An-Nasa'i, Ibn Jarir and Muslim in his Sahih. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ぴ (Thus has Allah ordained for you) means, t his prohibit ion was ordained for you by Allah. Therefore, adhere t o Allah's Book, do not t ransgress His set limit s, and adhere t o His legislat ion and decrees.

The Permission to Marry All Other Women Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ￢∠ や∠ケヱ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ｚェ ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (All ot hers are lawful) meaning, you are allowed t o marry women ot her t han t he prohibit ed t ypes ment ioned here, as ` At a' and ot hers have st at ed. Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡エヘ͡ ⇒∠ジョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レダ ͡ ∇エョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らゎ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ (provided you seek t hem (wit h a dowry) from your propert y, desiring chast it y, not fornicat ion,) meaning, you are allowed t o use your money t o marry up t o four wives and for (t he purchase of) as many female slaves as you like, all t hrough legal means,

びリ ∠ Β͡エヘ͡ ⇒∠ジョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レダ ͡ ∇エョぁ ぴ ((desiring) chast it y, not fornicat ion.) Allah's st at ement ,

ｚリワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎゅ∠⇒プ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バわ∠ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ びる⇔ ツ ∠ Α͡ゲプ∠ (So wit h t hose among t hem whom you have enj oyed, give t hem t heir required due,) means, t o enj oy t hem sexually, surrender t o t hem t heir right ful dowry as compensat ion. In ot her Ayat , Allah said,

びヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ツ∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And how could you t ake it (back) while you have gone in unt o each ot her),

びる⇔ ヤ∠∇エル͡ リ ｚ ヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ホギ⊥ タ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ジレあ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱぴ (And give t o t he women (whom you marry) t heir dowry wit h a good heart ), and,

びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べｚヨョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And it is not lawful for you (men) t o t ake back (from your wives) any of what (dowry) you gave t hem)

Prohibiting the Mut` ah of Marriage Muj ahid st at ed t hat ,

ｚリワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎゅ∠⇒プ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バわ∠ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ びる⇔ ツ ∠ Α͡ゲプ∠ (So wit h t hose among t hem whom you have enj oyed, give t hem t heir required due,) was revealed about t he Mut ` ah marriage. A Mut ` ah marriage is a marriage t hat ends upon a predet erminied dat e. In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat t he Leader of t he Fait hful ` Ali bin Abi Talib said, "The Messenger of Allah prohibit ed Mut ` ah marriage and eat ing t he meat of domest icat ed donkeys on t he day of Khaybar (bat t le).'' In addit ion, in his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat Ar-Rabi` bin Sabrah bin Ma` bad Al-Juhani said t hat his fat her said t hat he accompanied t he Messenger of Allah during t he conquest of Makkah, and t hat t he Prophet said,

ネ ͡ ゅ∠わ∇ヨわ͡ ∇シΙや ヶ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ルク͡ ぺ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ヶあルま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ゅ∠Α» ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴャ͡ま マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま∠ヱ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ジレあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ モ あガ ∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ∀￢∇ヶ∠セ ｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ∠ ハ ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや «ゅ⇔ゃΒセ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ へ ゅｚヨョ͡ やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∠ヤΒ͡ら∠シ (O people! I allowed you t he Mut ` ah marriage wit h women before. Now, Allah has prohibit ed it unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. Therefore, anyone who has any women in Mut ` ah, let him let t hem go, and do not t ake anyt hing from what you have given t hem.) Allah's st at ement ,

ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βッ ∠ や∠ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びる͡ ツ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや (but if you agree mut ually (t o give more) aft er t he requirement (has been det ermined), t here is no sin on you.) is similar t o His ot her st at ement ,

びる⇔ ヤ∠∇エル͡ リ ｚ ヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ホギ⊥ タ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ジレあ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱぴ (And give t o t he women t heir dowry wit h a good heart ). The meaning of t hese Ayat is: If you have st ipulat ed a dowry for her, and she lat er forf eit s it , eit her t ot ally or part ially, t hen t his bears no harm on you or her in t his case. Ibn Jarir said, "Al-Hadrami said t hat some men would

designat e a cert ain dowry, but t hen fall int o financial difficult ies. Therefore, Allah said t hat t here is no harm on you, O people, concerning your mut ual agreement aft er t he requirement (has been det ermined).'' meaning, if she gives up part of t he dowry, t hen you men are allowed t o accept t hat . Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise.) is suit able here, aft er Allah ment ioned t hese prohibit ions.

ウ ∠ ム͡ レ∠Α ラ∠ぺ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲデ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇ノト ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ リあョ ユ⊥ムレ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅｚョ ∇リヨ͡ プ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠レダ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡みよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠Βわ∠ プ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥エム͡ ルゅ∠プ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠エヘ͡ ⇒∠ジョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ろ⇒∠レダ ∠ ∇エョ⊥ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ｚリワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ｚリダ ͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ ラ ∃ や∠ギ∇カぺ∠ れ ͡ や∠グガ ͡ わｚ ョ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レダ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ブ ⊥ ∇ダル͡ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ る∃ ゼ ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠ヘよ͡ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ∠ レ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ゼ ͡カ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇やヱ⊥ゲ͡ら∇ダ∠ゎ (25. And whoever of you have not t he means wherewit h t o wed free believing women, t hey may wed believing girls from among t hose whom your right hands possess, and Allah has full knowledge about your fait h, you are one from anot her. Wed t hem wit h t he permission of t heir own folk (guardians) and give t hem t heir due in a good manner; t hey should be chast e, not fornicat ors, nor promiscuous. And aft er t hey have been t aken in wedlock, if t hey commit Fahishah, t heir punishment is half t hat for free (unmarried) women. This is for him among you who is afraid of being harmed in his religion or in his body; but it is bet t er for you t hat you pract ice self-rest raint , and Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

Marrying a Female Slave, if One Cannot Marry a Free Woman Allah said, t hose who do not have,

びΙ ⇔ ∇ヲデ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョぴ (t he means), financial capabilit y,

びろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠レダ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ウ ∠ ム͡ レ∠Α ラ∠ぺぴ (Wherewit h t o wed free believing women) meaning, free fait hful, chast e women.

びろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠Βわ∠ プ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ムレ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅｚョ ∇リヨ͡ プ∠ ぴ (They may wed believing girls from among t hose whom your right hands possess,) meaning, t hey are allowed t o wed believing slave girls owned by t he believers.

びヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡みよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (and Allah has full knowledge about your fait h; you are one from anot her.) Allah knows t he t rue realit y and secret s of all t hings, but you people know only t he apparent t hings. Allah t hen said,

びリ ｚ ヰ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥エム͡ ルゅ∠プぴ (Wed t hem wit h t he permission of t heir own folk) indicat ing t hat t he owner is responsible for t he slave girl, and consequent ly, she cannot marry wit hout his permission. The owner is also responsible for his male slave and t hey cannot wed wit hout his permission. A Hadit h st at es,

«ゲ͡ワゅ∠ハ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ヮΒ͡ャや∠ヲョ∠ ラ ͡ ∇クま͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ァ ∠ ヱｚ ゴ∠ ゎ∠ ギ∃ ∇らハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨΑぁ ぺ∠» (Any male slave who marries wit hout permission from his mast er, is a fornicat or.) When t he owner of t he female slave is a female, t hose who are allowed t o give away t he free woman in marriage, wit h her permission, become responsible for giving away her female slave in marriage, as well. A Hadit h st at es t hat

ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ り⊥ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠りぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ァ ͡ ヱあ ゴ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» «ゅ∠ヰジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ァ ⊥ あヱゴ∠ ゎ⊥ ヶ͡わャｚや ヶ ∠ ワ͡ る∠ Β∠ ル͡ やｚゴャや (The woman does not give away anot her woman, or herself in marriage, for only t he adult eress gives herself away in marriage.) Allah's st at ement ,

びフ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ｚリワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱぴ (And give t hem t heir due in a good manner;) meaning, pay t hem t heir dowry wit h a good heart , and do not keep any of it , belit t ling t he mat t er due t o t he fact t hat t hey are owned slaves. Allah's st at ement ,

びろ⇒∠レダ ∠ ∇エョ⊥ ぴ (t hey should be chast e) means, t hey are honorable women who do not commit adult ery, and t his is why Allah said,

びろ ∃ ⇒∠エヘ͡ ⇒∠ジョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ぴ (not fornicat ors) referring t o dishonorable women, who do not refrain from illicit sexual relat ions wit h t hose who ask. Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he fornicat ing women are t he whores, who do not obj ect t o having relat ions wit h whomever seeks it , while,

びラ ∃ や∠ギ∇カぺ∠ れ ͡ や∠グガ ͡ わｚ ョ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor promiscuous. ) refers t o t aking boyfriends. Similar was said by Abu Hurayrah, Muj ahid, Ash-Sha` bi, Ad-Dahhak, ` At a' Al-Khurasani, Yahya bin Abi Kat hir, Muqat il bin Hayyan and AsSuddi.

The Slave Girl's Punishment for Adultery is Half that of a Free Unmarried Woman Allah said,

ゅ∠ョ ブ ⊥ ∇ダル͡ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ る∃ ゼ ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠ヘよ͡ リ ∠ ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ｚリダ ͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ び͡ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レダ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (And aft er t hey have been t aken in wedlock, if t hey commit Fahishah, t heir punishment is half of t hat for free (unmarried) women.) t his is about t he slave women who got married, as indicat ed by t he Ayah;

ウ ∠ ム͡ レ∠Α ラ∠ぺ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲデ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇ノト ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ リあョ ユ⊥ムレ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅｚョ ∇リヨ͡ プ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠レダ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや びろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠Βわ∠ プ∠ (And whoever of you have not t he means wherewit h t o wed free believing women, t hey may wed believing girls from among t hose whom your right hands possess,) Therefore, since t he honorable Ayah is about believing slave girls, t hen,

びｚリダ ͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (And aft er t hey have been t aken in wedlock,) refers t o when t hey (believing slave girls) get married, as Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers have said. Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レダ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ブ ⊥ ∇ダル͡ ぴ (t heir punishment is half of t hat for free (unmarried) women.) indicat es t hat t he t ype of punishment prescribed here is t he one t hat can be reduced t o half, lashes in t his case, not st oning t o deat h, and Allah knows best . Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ∠ レ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ゼ ͡カ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (This is for him among you who is afraid of being harmed in his religion or in his body;) indicat es t hat marrying slave girls, providing one sat isfies t he required condit ions, is for t hose who fear for t heir chast it y and find it hard t o be pat ient and refrain from sex. In t his difficult circumst ance, one is allowed t o marry a slave girl. However, it is bet t er t o refrain from marrying slave girls and t o observe pat ience, for ot herwise, t he offspring will become slaves t o t he girl's mast er. Allah said,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (but it is bet t er for you t hat you pract ice self-rest raint , and Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ レ∠ シ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βあ ら∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ぴ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ - ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲわ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ Κ ⇔ ∇Βョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤΒ͡ヨゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ヰ∠ ゼ ｚ ャや び ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡バッ ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ブ ∠ ヘあ ガ ∠ Α⊥ (26. Allah wishes t o make clear (what is lawful and what is unlawful) t o you, and t o show you t he ways of t hose before you, and accept your repent ance, and Allah is All-Knower, All-Wise.) (27. Allah wishes t o accept your repent ance, but t hose who follow t heir lust s, wish t hat you (believers) should deviat e t remendously away (from t he right pat h)) (28. Allah wishes t o light en (t he burden) for you; and man was creat ed weak. ) Allah explains t o t he believers what He has allowed and prohibit ed for t hem in t his and ot her Surahs,

び∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ レ∠ シ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t o show you t he ways of t hose before you,) meaning t heir right eous ways and how t o adhere t o t he commandment s t hat He likes and is pleased wit h.

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and accept your repent ance) from sin and error,

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (and Allah is All-Knower, All-Wise.) in His commands, decrees, act ions and st at ement s. Allah's st at ement ,

Κ ⇔ ∇Βョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤΒ͡ヨゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ヰ∠ ゼ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ (but t hose who follow t heir lust s, wish t hat you (believers) should deviat e t remendously away from t he right pat h)) indicat es t hat t he followers of Shayt an among t he Jews, Christ ians and t he adult erous, wish t hat you would t ake t he horrendous pat h of falsehood inst ead of t he t rut h.

び∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ブ ∠ ヘあ ガ ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ぴ

(Allah wishes t o light en (t he burden) for you'') His legislat ion, orders, what He prohibit s and what He decrees for you. This is why Allah has allowed free men t o marry slave girls under cert ain condit ions, as Muj ahid and ot hers have st at ed.

びゅ⇔ヘΒ͡バッ ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and man was creat ed weak.) and t his is why it is suit able in his case t hat t he commands are made easy for him, because of his weakness and feebleness. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Tawus said t hat ,

びゅ⇔ヘΒ͡バッ ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and man was creat ed weak), "Concerning women''. Waki` said, "Man's mind leaves when women are involved.''

∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ チ ∃ や∠ゲゎ∠ リ∠ハ り⇔ ゲ∠ ⇒∠イゎ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ モ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ヮ͡ Β͡ヤ∇ダル⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ル∠ヱ∇ギハ ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゲ∠ も͡ べ∠らミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ラ͡ま - や⇔ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇ギル⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ゲヘあ ム∠ ル⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ レ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ョ び ゅ⇔ヨΑ͡ゲミ∠ Κ ⇔カ ∠ ∇ギョぁ (29. O you who believe! Eat not up your propert y among yourselves unj ust ly except it be a t rade amongst you, by mut ual consent . And do not kill yourselves (nor kill one anot her). Surely, Allah is Most Merciful t o you.) (30. And whoever commit s t hat t hrough aggression and inj ust ice, We shall cast him int o t he Fire, and t hat is easy for Allah.) (31. If you avoid t he great sins which you are forbidden t o do, We shall remit from you your (small) sins, and admit you t o a Noble Ent rance (i.e. Paradise).)

Prohibiting Unlawfully Earned Money

Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, prohibit s His believing servant s from illegally acquiring each ot her's propert y using various dishonest met hods such as Riba, gambling and ot her wicked met hods t hat appear t o be legal, but Allah knows t hat , in realit y, t hose involved seek t o deal in int erest . Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on a man who buys a garment , saying t hat if he likes it he will keep it , or he will ret urn it along wit h an ext ra Dirham, "This is what Allah meant , when He said, o

びモ ͡デ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ムレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Eat not up your propert y among yourselves unj ust ly.'') ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "When Allah sent down,

∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ びモ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ (O you who believe! Eat not up your propert y among yourselves unj ust ly) some Muslims said, ` Allah has forbidden us from eat ing up each ot her's propert y unj ust ly, and food is our best propert y. Therefore, none among us is allowed t o eat from anyone else's food.' Aft er t hat Allah sent down,

びァ ∀ ゲ∠ ェ ∠ ヴ∠ヨ∇ハΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ (There is no rest rict ion on t he blind) (unt il t he end of t he Ayah). similarly. Allah's st at ement ,

24:61 .''' Qat adah said

び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ チ ∃ や∠ゲゎ∠ リ∠ハ り⇔ ゲ∠ ⇒∠イゎ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except it be a t rade amongst you, by mut ual consent .) means, do not revert t o illegal ways and means t o acquire money. However, t here is no harm in commercial t ransact ions t hat t ranspire bet ween t he buyer and t he seller wit h mut ual consent , so t hat money is legally earned from t hese t ransact ions. Muj ahid said t hat ,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ チ ∃ や∠ゲゎ∠ リ∠ハ り⇔ ゲ∠ ⇒∠イゎ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except it be a t rade amongst you, by mut ual consent .) means, "By selling and buying, or giving someone a gift .'' Ibn Jarir recorded t his st at ement .

The Option to Buy or Sell Before Parting, is Part of ` Mutual Consent' in Trading Mut ual agreement in various t ransact ions is at t ained when bot h part ies have t he right t o uphold or dissolve t he agreement before t hey part . In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ゅ∠ホゲｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ゅ∠ョ ケ͡ ゅ∠Βガ ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ͡ ゅ∠バΒあ ら∠ ∇ャや» (The seller and t he buyer ret ain t he (right t o change t heir mind) as long as t hey have not part ed.) Al-Bukhari's wording for t his Hadit h reads,

∩͡ケゅ∠Βガ ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ギ∃ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ ぁモム⊥ プ∠ ラ ͡ Κ⊥ィゲｚ ャや ノ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ や∠クま͡» «ゅ∠ホゲｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ゅ∠ョ (When t wo men conduct a t ransact ion, t hey ret ain t heir (right t o change t heir mind) as long as t hey have not part ed.)

Forbidding Murder and Suicide Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And do not kill yourselves.) by commit t ing Allah's prohibit ions, falling int o sin and eat ing up each ot her's propert y unj ust ly,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, Allah is Most Merciful t o you.) in what He commanded you and prohibit ed you from. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Amr bin Al-` As said t hat when t he Prophet sent him for t he bat t le of Dhat As-Salasil, "I had a wet dream during a very cold night and feared t hat if I bat hed, I would die. So I performed Tayammum (wit h pure eart h) and led my company in t he Dawn prayer. When I went back t o t he Messenger of Allah , I ment ioned what had happened t o me and he said,

«ょ⊥レィ ⊥ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠エ∇タほ∠よ͡ ろ ∠ ∇Βヤｚタ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ∇ヨハ ∠ ゅ∠Α»

(O ` Amr! Have you led your people in prayer while you were in a st at e of sexual impurit y) I said, 'O Messenger of Allah! I had a wet dream on a very cold night and feared t hat if I bat hed I would perish, and I remembered Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And do not kill yourselves. Surely, Allah is Most Merciful t o you). So I performed Tayammum and prayed.' The Messenger of Allah smiled and did not say anyt hing.'' This is t he narrat ion report ed by Abu Dawud. Ibn Marduwyah ment ioned t his honorable Ayah and t hen report ed t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ほ⊥イ ∠ Α∠ ∩͡ロ͡ギ∠Α ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ギ∠ Α͡ギエ ∠ プ∠ ∩∃りギ∠ Α͡ギエ ∠ よ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ や⇔ギヤｚガ ∠ ョ⊥ や⇔ギャ͡ゅ∠カ ∩∠ユレｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ル ヶ͡プ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇トよ ロ⊥ ゅｚジエ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ Α∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ぁヨジ ⊥ プ∠ ユ∠ ジ ⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ ∩や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ンｚキゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ や⇔ギヤｚガ ∠ ョ⊥ や⇔ギャ͡ゅ∠カ ∩∠ユレｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ル ヶ͡プ ∩∠ユレｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ル ヶ͡プ キ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∠ジ∇ヘ∠ル モ ∠ わ∠ボプ∠ モ ∃ ら∠ ィ ∠ ∇リョ͡ «や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ や⇔ギヤｚガ ∠ ョ⊥ や⇔ギャ͡ゅ∠カ (Whoever kills himself wit h an iron t ool, t hen his t ool will be in his hand and he will keep st abbing himself wit h it in t he Fire of Jahannam, forever and ever. Whoever kills himself wit h poison, t hen his poison will be in his hand and he will keep t aking it in t he Fire of Jahannam forever and ever. Whoever kills himself by t hrowing himself from a mount ain, will keep falling in t he Fire of Jahannam forever and ever.) This Hadit h was also collect ed in t he Two Sahihs. Abu Qilabah said t hat Thabit bin Ad-Dahhak said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゆ ∠ グあ ハ ⊥ ∩∃￢∇ヶゼ ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ∇リョ∠ » (Whoever kills himself wit h an inst rument , will be punished wit h it on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) This Hadit h was collect ed by t he Group. This is why Allah said,

びゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルヱ∠ ∇ギハ ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever commit s t hat t hrough aggression and inj ust ice, ) meaning, whoever commit s what Allah has forbidden for him t ransgression and inj ust ice - while knowing t hat it is forbidden for him, yet he st ill dares t o commit it ,

びや⇔ケゅ∠ル ヮ͡ Β͡ヤ∇ダル⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (We shall cast him int o t he Fire,). This Ayah carries a st ern warning and a t rut hful promise. Therefore, every sane person should beware of it , t hose who hear t he speech wit h full comprehension.

Minor Sins Will be Pardoned if One Refrains from Major Sins Allah said,

∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ゲヘあ ム∠ ル⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ レ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ョ ゲ∠ も͡ べ∠らミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ び∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ (If you avoid t he great sins which you are forbidden t o do, We shall remit from you your (small) sins,) meaning, if you avoid t he maj or evil deeds t hat you were prohibit ed We will forgive you t he minor evil deeds and will admit you int o Paradise. This is why Allah said,

びゅ⇔ヨΑ͡ゲミ∠ Κ ⇔カ ∠ ∇ギョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇ギル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and admit you t o a Noble Ent rance (i.e. Paradise).) There are several Hadit hs on t he subj ect of t his honorable Ayah. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Salman Al-Farisi said, "The Prophet said t o me, ` Do you know what t he day of Al-Jumu` ah is' I said, ` It is t he day during which Allah brought t oget her t he creat ion of your fat her (Adam).' He said,

モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや ゲ⊥ ヰｚ ト ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩͡るバ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヵ͡ケ∇キぺ∠ ∇リム͡ ャ» ヴｚわェ ∠ ろ ⊥ ダ ͡ ∇レΒ⊥ プ∠ る∠ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ヶ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥ロケ∠ ヲ⊥ヰデ ⊥ リ ⊥ジ ͡ ∇エΒ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅｚヘミ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚャま͡ ∩⊥ヮゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ョみ∇ャや ヶ ∠ツ ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ «る∠ヤわ∠ ∇ボヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ら∠ レ͡ わ⊥ ∇ィや ゅ∠ョ ∩͡るヤ∠ら͡ ∇ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや る͡ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ (I know what t he day of Jumu` ah is. Anyone who t akes a bat h and cleans himself as much as he can and t hen proceeds for t he Friday prayer and remains quiet unt il t he Imam finishes t he prayer, all his sins in bet ween t he present and t he next Friday will be forgiven, as long as maj or sins were avoided.)'' Al-Bukhari recorded similar wording from Salman Al-Farisi.

The Seven Destructive Sins

What are t he Seven Dest ruct ive Sins In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«れゅ∠ボよ͡ ヲ⊥ヨ∇ャや ノ∠ ∇らジ ｚ ャや やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや» (Avoid t he seven great dest ruct ive sins.) The people inquired, 'O Allah's Messenger! What are t hey' He said,

ゅｚャま͡ ぶ ⊥ や ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヶ͡わャｚや ザ ͡ ∇ヘレｚ ャや モ ⊥ ∇わホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶゅ͡よ ポ ⊥ ∇ゲあゼャや» ∩͡ユΒ͡わΒ∠ ∇ャや メ ͡ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅよ∠ ゲあ ャや モ ⊥ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ゲ∇エジ あ ャや∠ヱ ∩あペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ れ ͡ ゅ∠レダ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや フ ⊥ ∇グホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ブ∇ェゴｚ ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶあャヲ∠ わｚ ャや∠ヱ «れゅ∠ヤプ͡ ゅ∠ピ∇ャや れ ͡ ゅ∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや (To j oin ot hers in worship along wit h Allah, t o kill t he life which Allah has forbidden except for a j ust cause, magic, t o consume Riba, t o consume an orphan's wealt h, t o t urn away from t he enemy and flee from t he bat t lefield when t he bat t le begins, and t o accuse chast e women, who never even t hink of anyt hing t hat would t arnish t heir chast it y and are good believers.) Anot her Hadit h t hat ment ions False Wit ness Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said, "The Messenger of Allah ment ioned t he maj or sins, or was asked about t he maj or sins. He said,

«リ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲ∇ャや ベ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡ザ∇ヘレｚ ャや モ ⊥ ∇わホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶゅ͡よ ポ ⊥ ∇ゲあゼャや» (Associat ing ot hers wit h Allah in worship, killing t he life, and being undut iful t o t he parent s.) He t hen said,

«∨͡ゲも͡ ゅ∠らム∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ら∠ ∇ミほ∠よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらル∠ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» :

« ケ͡ ヱぁゴャや り⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠ヰセ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ケ͡ ヱぁゴャや メ ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ » (Should I t ell you about t he biggest of t he maj or sins The false st at ement - or t he false t est imony.)'' Shu` bah - one of t he narrat ors of t he Hadit h - said, "Most likely, in my opinion, he said, ` False t est imony.''' The Two Sahihs recorded t his Hadit h from Shu` bah from Anas. Anot her Hadit h In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat ` Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Bakrah said t hat his fat her said, "The Prophet said,

«∨͡ゲも͡ ゅ∠らム∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ら∠ ∇ミほ∠よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらル∠ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» (Should I inform you about t he great est of t he great sins) We said, ` Yes, O Allah's Messenger !' He said,

«リ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲ∇ャや ベ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶゅ͡よ ポ ⊥ や∠ゲ∇セみ͡ャや» (To j oin ot hers in worship wit h Allah and t o be undut iful t o one's parent s.) He was reclining, t hen he sat up and said;

«ケヱぁゴャや メ ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∩͡ケヱぁゴャや り⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠ヰセ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» (And I warn you against false t est imony and false speech.) and he cont inued repeat ing it unt il we wished t hat he would st op.'' Anot her Hadit h t hat ment ions killing t he Offspring In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "I asked, ` O Allah's Messenger! What is t he great est sin' (in one narrat ion) t he biggest sin ' He said,

«マ∠ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ や６ギル͡ ぶ ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠» (To make a rival for Allah while He Alone creat ed you.) I said, ` Then' He said,

«マ∠バョ∠ ユ∠ バ∠ ∇トΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ る∠ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ポ ∠ ギ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ モ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠» (To kill your offspring for fear t hat he might share your food wit h you. ) I said, ` Then' He said,

«ポ͡ケゅ∠ィ る∠ ヤ∠Β͡ヤェ ∠ ヶ ∠ ル͡ や∠ゴゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠» (To commit adult ery wit h your neighbor's wife.) He t hen recit ed,

びゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who invoke not any ot her god along wit h Allah), unt il,

びゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ

(Except t hose who repent ).'' Anot her Hadit h from ` Abdullah bin ` Amr Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said t hat t he Prophet said,

リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲ∇ャや ベ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶゅ͡よ ポ ⊥ や∠ゲ∇セみ͡ャや :ゲ͡ も͡ ゅ∠らム∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠» «サヲ⊥ヨピ∠ ∇ャや リ ⊥ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ポゅゼャや るらバセ ザ ͡ ∇ヘレｚ ャや モ ⊥ ∇わホ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ (The great est sins are: To j oin ot hers in worship wit h Allah, t o be undut iful t o one's parent s - or t o t ake a life) Shu` bah was uncert ain of which one - (and t he false oat h). Recorded by AlBukhari, At -Tirmidhi, and An-Nasai. Anot her Hadit h by ` Abdullah bin ` Amr about Causing one's Parent s t o be Cursed ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ヮ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヱ モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや リ ∠ バ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゲ͡ も͡ ゅ∠らム∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡» (Among t he worst of t he maj or sins is for a man t o curse his own parent s.) They said, "How can one curse his own parent s'' He said,

ょ ぁ ジ ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∩ロ⊥ ゅ∠よぺ∠ ょ ぁ ジ ⊥ Β∠ プ∠ ∩͡モィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ゅ∠よ∠ぺ モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや ぁょジ ⊥ Α∠ » «ヮｚョぺ⊥ ょ ぁ ジ ⊥ Β∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚョぺ⊥ (One curses anot her man's fat her, and t hat man curses his fat her in ret aliat ion, or he curses someone's mot her and t hat man curses his mot her.) This is t he wording of Muslim. At -Tirmidhi said, "Sahih.'' It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠わホ͡ ヱ∠ ∩∀ベヲ⊥ジプ⊥ ユ͡ ヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠らシ ͡» (Cursing a Muslim is a sin and fight ing him is Kufr.)

ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ツ ｚ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇や∇ヲレｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ル ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ヤ͡ャヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ わ∠ ∇ミや ゅｚヨョあ ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ル メ ͡ ゅ∠ィゲあ ヤあャ あモム⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ャほ∠∇シや∠ヱ リ ∠ ∇らジ ∠ わ∠ ∇ミや び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠

(32. And wish not for t he t hings in which Allah has made some of you t o excel ot hers. For men t here is reward for what t hey have earned, (and likewise) for women t here is reward for what t hey have earned, and ask Allah of His bount y. Surely, Allah is Ever All-Knower of everyt hing.)

Do Not Wish for the Things Which Allah has Made Some Others to Excel In Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Umm Salamah said, "O Messenger of Allah! Men go t o bat t le, but we do not go t o bat t le, and we earn one-half of t he inherit ance (t hat men get ).'' Allah sent down,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ツ ｚ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇や∇ヲレｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ (And wish not for t he t hings in which Allah has made some of you t o excel ot hers). At -Tirmidhi also recorded t his Hadit h. Allah's st at ement ,

∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ル ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ヤ͡ャヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ わ∠ ∇ミや ゅｚヨョあ ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ル メ ͡ ゅ∠ィゲあ ヤあャぴ びリ ∠ ∇らジ ∠ わ∠ ∇ミや ゅｚヨョあ (For men t here is reward for what t hey have earned, (and likewise) for women t here is reward for what t hey have earned,) indicat es, according t o Ibn Jarir, t hat each person will earn his wages for his works, a reward if his deeds are good, and punishment if his deeds are evil. It was also report ed t hat t his Ayah is t alking about inherit ance, indicat ing t he fact t hat each person will get his due share of t he inherit ance, as Al-Walibi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas. Allah t hen direct ed t he servant s t o what benefit s t hem,

びヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ャほ∠∇シや∠ヱぴ (and ask Allah of His Bount y.)Therefore, t he Ayah st at es, "Do not wish for what ot her people were endowed wit h over you, for t his is a decision t hat will come t o pass, and wishing does not change it s decree. However, ask Me of My favor and I will grant it t o you, for I Am Most Generous and Most Giving.'' Allah t hen said,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, Allah is Ever All-Knower of everyt hing.) meaning, Allah knows who deserves t his life, and so He gives him riches, and whoever deserves povert y, He makes him poor. He also knows who deserves t he Hereaft er, and He direct s him t o perform t he deeds t hat will help him t o be

sucessful in it , and whoever deserves failure, He prevent s him from achieving right eousness and what leads t o it . Hence, Allah said, m

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, Allah is Ever All-Knower of everyt hing).

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ラ ͡ ギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヴ ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ モ ｙ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら∠ Β͡ダル∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎゅ∠⇒プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇れギ∠ ボ∠ ハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ び や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ (33. And t o everyone, We have appoint ed Mawali of t hat left by parent s and relat ives. To t hose also wit h whom you have made a pledge (brot herhood), give t hem t heir due port ion (by wills). Truly, Allah is Ever a Wit ness over all t hings.) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Abu Salih, Qat adah, Zayd bin Aslam, As-Suddi, Ad-Dahhak, Muqat il bin Hayyan, and ot hers said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びヴ ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ モ ｙ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t o everyone, We have appoint ed Mawali) means, "Heirs.'' Ibn ` Abbas was also report ed t o have said t hat Mawali refers t o relat ives. Ibn Jarir comment ed, "The Arabs call t he cousin a Mawla.'' Ibn Jarir cont inued, "Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ラ ͡ ギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ぴ (of t hat (propert y) left by parent s and relat ives.) means, from what he inherit ed from his parent s and family members. Therefore, t he meaning of t he Ayah becomes: ` To all of you, O people, We appoint ed relat ives (such as children) who will lat er inherit what you inherit ed from your own parent s and relat ives.'' Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ら∠ Β͡ダル∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎゅ∠⇒プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇れギ∠ ボ∠ ハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (To t hose also wit h whom you have made a pledge (brot herhood), give t hem t heir due port ion.) means, "Those wit h whom you have a pledge of brot herhood, give t hem t heir share of inherit ance, t hus fulfilling t he rat ified pledges t hat you gave t hem. Allah has wit nessed all of you when you gave t hese pledges and promises.'' This pract ice was followed in t he beginning of Islam, but was lat er on abrogat ed when Muslims were commanded t o fulfill t he pledges (brot herhood) t hey had already given, but t o refrain from making any new pledges aft er t hat . Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

びヴ ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ モ ｙ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t o everyone, We have appoint ed Mawali) "meaning, heirs;

び∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇れギ∠ ボ∠ ハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (To t hose also wit h whom you have made a pledge (brot herhood)) When t he emigrant s came t o Al-Madinah, t he emigrant would inherit from t he Ansari, while t he lat t er's relat ives would not inherit from him because of t he bond of brot herhood which t he Prophet est ablished bet ween t hem (t he emigrant s and t he Ansar). When t he verse,

びヴ ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ モ ｙ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t o everyone We have appoint ed Mawali) was revealed, it cancelled (t he pledge of brot herhood regarding inherit ance).'' Then he said, "The verse,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ら∠ Β͡ダル∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎゅ∠⇒プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇れギ∠ ボ∠ ハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (To t hose also wit h whom you have made a pledge (brot herhood), give t hem t heir due port ion.) remained valid for cases of co-operat ion and mut ual advice, while t he mat t er of inherit ance was excluded and it became permissible t o assign somet hing in one's will t o t he person who had t he right of inherit ing before.''

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ツ ｚ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョやｚヲホ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ィゲあ ャやぴ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ナ ∠ ヘ͡ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ヤャあ ∀ろ⇒∠ヌ͡ヘ⇒∠ェ ∀ろ⇒∠わレ͡ ⇒∠ホ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャゅ∠プ ｚリワ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲイ ⊥ ∇ワや∠ヱ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヌバ͡ プ∠ ｚリワ⊥ コ∠ ヲ⊥ゼル⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガゎ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒ｚヤャや∠ヱ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ッや∠ヱ ノ͡ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ツヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ び や⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ピ∇らゎ∠ (34. Men are t he prot ect ors and maint ainers of women, because Allah has made one of t hem t o excel t he ot her, and because t hey spend (t o support t hem) from t heir means. Therefore t he right eous women are Qanit at , and guard in t he husband's absence what Allah orders t hem t o guard. As t o t hose women on whose part you see ill conduct , admonish t hem, and abandon

t hem in t heir beds, and beat t hem, but if t hey ret urn t o obedience, do not seek a means against t hem. Surely, Allah is Ever Most High, Most Great .) Allah said,

び￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョやｚヲホ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ィゲあ ャやぴ (Men are t he prot ect ors and maint ainers of women,) meaning, t he man is responsible for t he woman, and he is her maint ainer, caret aker and leader who disciplines her if she deviat es.

びヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ツ ｚ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ぴ (because Allah has made one of t hem t o excel t he ot her,) meaning, because men excel over women and are bet t er t han t hem for cert ain t asks. This is why prophet hood was exclusive of men, as well as ot her import ant posit ions of leadership. The Prophet said,

«り∠ぺゲ∠ ∇ョや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ や∇ヲャｚヱ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ウ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ ∇リャ∠» (People who appoint a woman t o be t heir leader, will never achieve success.) Al-Bukhari recorded t his Hadit h. Such is t he case wit h appoint ing women as j udges or on ot her posit ions of leadership.

び∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and because t hey spend from t heir means.) meaning t he dowry, expendit ures and various expenses t hat Allah ordained in His Book and t he Sunnah of His Messenger for men t o spend on women. For t hese reasons it is suit able t hat he is appoint ed her maint ainer, j ust as Allah said,

びる∀ ィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ィゲあ ヤ͡ャヱ∠ ぴ (But men have a degree (of responsibilit y) over t hem).

Qualities of the Righteous Wife Allah said,

びろ ⊥ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャゅ∠プぴ (Therefore, t he right eous) women,

びろ ∃ ⇒∠わレ͡ ⇒∠ホぴ (are Qanit at ), obedient t o t heir husbands, as Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers st at ed.

びょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ヤャあ ∀ろ⇒∠ヌ͡ヘ⇒∠ェぴ (and guard in t he husband's absence) As-Suddi and ot hers said t hat it means she prot ect s her honor and her husband's propert y when he is absent , and Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ナ ∠ ヘ͡ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ぴ (what Allah orders t hem t o guard.) means, t he prot ect ed husband is t he one whom Allah prot ect s. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠マ∇ゎゲｚ シ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ れ ∠ ∇ゲヌ ∠ ル∠ や∠クま͡ り∀ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ￢͡ ゅジ ∠ レあ ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠» ヶ͡プ マ ∠ ∇わヌ ∠ ヘ͡ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇らビ ͡ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩∠マ∇わハ ∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ぺ∠ «マ͡ャゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ (The best women is she who when you look at her, she pleases you, when you command her she obeys you, and when you are absent , she prot ect s her honor and your propert y.) Then, t he Messenger of Allah recit ed t he Ayah,

び￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョやｚヲホ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ィゲあ ャやぴ (Men are t he prot ect ors and maint ainers of women, ) unt il it s end. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdur-Rahman bin 'Awf said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ∇ヰセ ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ゅ∠タヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰジ ∠ ∇ヨカ ∠ り⊥ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ヤｚタ ∠ や∠クま͡» :ゅ∠ヰャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ ∩ゅ∠ヰィ ∠ ∇ヱコ∠ ∇ろハ ∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰィ ∠ ∇ゲプ∠ ∇ろヌ ∠ ヘ͡ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ «ろ∇ゃセ ͡ ゆ ͡ や∠ヲ∇よほ∠∇ャや ヵ あ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや (If t he woman prayed her five daily prayers, fast ed her mont h, prot ect ed her chast it y and obeyed her husband, she will be t old, 'Ent er Paradise from any of it s doors you wish.')

Dealing with the Wife's Ill-Conduct Allah said,

びｚリワ⊥ コ∠ ヲ⊥ゼル⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガゎ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒ｚヤャや∠ヱぴ (As t o t hose women on whose part you see ill conduct ,) meaning, t he woman from whom you see ill conduct wit h her husband, such as when she act s as if she is above her husband, disobeys him, ignores him, dislikes him, and so fort h. When t hese signs appear in a woman, her husband should advise her and remind her of Allah's t orment if she disobeys him. Indeed, Allah ordered t he wife t o obey her husband and prohibit ed her from disobeying him, because of t he enormit y of his right s and all t hat he does for her. The Messenger of Allah said,

れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ∠ ほ∠ャ∠ ∩∃ギェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ ギ∠ イ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ や⇔ゲョ͡ へ ろ ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠» «ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ボあ ェ ∠ ユ͡ ヌ ∠ハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ∩ゅ∠ヰィ ͡ ∇ヱゴ∠ ャ͡ ギ∠ イ ⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ り∠ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや (If I were t o command anyone t o prost rat e before anyone, I would have commanded t he wife t o prost rat e before her husband, because of t he enormit y of his right upon her.) Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろよ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ セ ͡ や∠ゲプ͡ ヴャ͡ま ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや ゅ∠ハキ∠ や∠クま͡» «ウ͡ら∇ダゎ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∇わレ∠ バ∠ ャ∠ (If t he man asks his wife t o come t o his bed and she declines, t he angels will keep cursing her unt il t he morning.) Muslim recorded it wit h t he wording,

ゅ∠ヰ∇わレ∠ バ∠ ャ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰィ ͡ ∇ヱコ∠ ス ∠ や∠ゲプ͡ り⇔ ゲ∠ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ワ り⊥ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠よ や∠クま͡» «ウ͡ら∇ダゎ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや (If t he wife goes t o sleep while ignoring her husband's bed, t he angels will keep cursing her unt il t he morning.) This is why Allah said,

びリ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヌバ͡ プ∠ ｚリワ⊥ コ∠ ヲ⊥ゼル⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガゎ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒ｚヤャや∠ヱぴ

(As t o t hose women on whose part you see ill conduct , admonish t hem (first )). Allah's st at ement ,

びノ͡ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ツヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ｚリワ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲイ ⊥ ∇ワや∠ヱぴ (abandon t hem in t heir beds,) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said "The abandonment refers t o not having int ercourse wit h her, t o lie on her bed wit h his back t o her.'' Several ot hers said similarly. As-Suddi, Ad-Dahhak, ` Ikrimah, and Ibn ` Abbas, in anot her narrat ion, added, "Not t o speak wit h her or t alk t o her.'' The Sunan and Musnad compilers recorded t hat Mu` awiyah bin Haydah Al-Qushayri said, "O Allah's Messenger! What is t he right t hat t he wife of one of us has on him'' The Prophet said,

∩∠ろ∇Βジ ∠ わ∠ ∇ミや や∠クま͡ ゅ∠ワ∠ヲジ ⊥ ∇ム∠ゎ∠ヱ ∩∠ろ∇ヨバ͡ デ ∠ や∠クま͡ ゅ∠ヰ∠ヨ͡バ∇トゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠» ヶ͡プ ゅｚャま͡ ∇ゲイ ⊥ ∇ヰゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∇ウらあ ボ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠ヮ∇ィヲ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ツゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ «ろ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや (To feed her when you eat , clot h her when you buy clot hes for yourself, refrain from st riking her face or cursing her, and t o not abandon her, except in t he house.) Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ッや∠ヱぴ (beat t hem) means, if advice and ignoring her in t he bed do not produce t he desired result s, you are allowed t o discipline t he wife, wit hout severe beat ing. Muslim recorded t hat Jabir said t hat during t he Farewell Haj j , t he Prophet said;

∩∃ラや∠ヲハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ルｚ ͡み∠プ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ジレあ ャや ヶ͡プ ぶ ∠ や やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ» や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ セ ∠ ゲ⊥ プ⊥ リ ∠ ∇ゃデ ͡ ヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔よ∇ゲッ ∠ ｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ッゅ∠プ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ ∠ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ヮル∠ ヲ⊥ワゲ∠ ∇ムゎ∠ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ジミ͡ ヱ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∃ゥゲ͡ ら∠ ョ⊥ «フヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (Fear Allah regarding women, for t hey are your assist ant s. You have t he right on t hem t hat t hey do not allow any person whom you dislike t o st ep on your mat . However, if t hey do t hat , you are allowed t o discipline t hem light ly. They have a right on you t hat you provide t hem wit h

t heir provision and clot hes, in a reasonable manner.) Ibn ` Abbas and several ot hers said t hat t he Ayah refers t o a beat ing t hat is not violent . Al-Hasan Al-Basri said t hat it means, a beat ing t hat is not severe.

When the Wife Obeys Her Husband, Means of Annoyance Against Her are Prohibited Allah said,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ピ∇らゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ぴ (but if t hey ret urn t o obedience, seek not against t hem means (of annoyance),) meaning, when t he wife obeys her husband in all t hat Allah has allowed, t hen no means of annoyance from t he husband are allowed against his wife. Therefore, in t his case, t he husband does not have t he right t o beat her or shun her bed. Allah's st at ement ,

びや⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, Allah is Ever Most High, Most Great .) reminds men t hat if t hey t ransgress against t heir wives wit hout j ust ificat ion, t hen Allah, t he Ever Most High, Most Great , is t heir Prot ect or, and He will exert revenge on t hose who t ransgress against t heir wives and deal wit h t hem unj ust ly.

ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ゅ⇔ヨ∠ムェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇よゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ レ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ベ ∠ ゅ∠ボセ ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ ͡ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ プあ ヲ∠ Α⊥ ゅ⇔エ⇒∠ヤ∇タま͡ へ∠ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ͡ま べ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ゅ⇔ヨ∠ムェ ∠ ヱ∠ び や⇔ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ (35. If you fear a breach bet ween t he t wo, appoint (t wo) arbit rat ors, one from his family and t he ot her from her's; if t hey bot h wish for peace, Allah will cause t heir reconciliat ion. Indeed Allah is Ever All-Knower, Well-Acquaint ed wit h all t hings.)

Appointing Two Arbitrators When the Possibility of Estrangement Between Husband and Wife Occurs Allah first ment ioned t he case of rebellion on t he part of t he wife. He t hen ment ioned t he case of est rangement and alienat ion bet ween t he t wo spouses. Allah said,

ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ゅ⇔ヨ∠ムェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇よゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ レ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ベ ∠ ゅ∠ボセ ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ ͡ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びべ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ゅ⇔ヨ∠ムェ ∠ ヱ∠ (If you fear a breach bet ween t he t wo, appoint (t wo) arbit rat ors, one from his family). The Fuqaha' (scholars of Fiqh) say t hat when est rangement occurs bet ween t he husband and wife, t he j udge refers t hem t o a t rust ed person who examines t heir case in order t o st op any wrongs commit ed bet ween t hem. If t he mat t er cont inues or worsens, t he j udge sends a t rust wort hy person from t he woman's family and a t rust wort hy person from t he man's family t o meet wit h t hem and examine t heir case t o det ermine whet her it is best for t hem t o part or t o remain t oget her. Allah gives preference t o st aying t oget her, and t his is why Allah said,

びべ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ペ ͡ プあ ヲ∠ Α⊥ ゅ⇔エ⇒∠ヤ∇タま͡ へ∠ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ͡まぴ (if t hey bot h wish for peace, Allah will cause t heir reconciliat ion.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Allah commands t hat a right eous man from t he husband's side of t he family and t he wife's side of t he family are appoint ed, so t hat t hey find out who among t he spouses is in t he wrong. If t he man is in t he wrong, t hey prevent him from his wife, and he pays some rest it ut ion. If t he wife is in t he wrong, she remains wit h her husband, and he does not pay any rest it ut ion. If t he arbit rat ors decide t hat t he marriage should remain int act or be dissolved, t hen t heir decision is upheld. If t hey decide t hat t he marriage remains int act , but one of t he spouses disagrees while t he ot her agrees, and one of t hem dies, t hen t he one who agreed inherit s from t he ot her, while t he spouse who did not agree does not inherit from t he spouse who agreed.'' This was collect ed by Ibn Abi Hat im and Ibn Jarir. Shaykh Abu ` Umar bin ` Abdul-Barr said, "The scholars agree t hat when t he t wo arbit rat ors disagree, t hen t he opinion t hat dissolves t he marriage will not be adopt ed. They also agree t hat t he decision of t he arbit rat ors is binding, even if t he t wo spouses did not appoint t hem as agent s. This is t he case if it is decided t hat t hey should st ay t oget her, but t hey disagree whet her it is binding or not when t hey decide for separat ion.'' Then he ment ioned t hat t he maj orit y holds t he view t hat t he decision is st ill binding, even if t hey did not appoint t hem t o make any decision.

リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや∠ヱぴ リ ͡ Β͡ム⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡グよ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ジ∇ェま͡ ょ ͡ エ ͡ ⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ レ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ク ケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ͡ ∇よや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ∇レイ ∠ ャゅ͡よ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ガプ∠ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠わ∇ガョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ (36. Worship Allah and j oin none wit h Him in worship, and do good t o parent s, kinsfolk, orphans, t he poor, t he neighbor who is near of kin, t he neighbor who is a st ranger, t he

companion by your side, t he wayfarer (you meet ), and t hose (slaves) whom your right hands possess. Verily, Allah does not like such as are proud and boast ful.)

The Order to Worship Allah Alone and to Be Dutiful to Parents Allah orders t hat He be worshipped Alone wit hout part ners, because He Alone is t he Creat or and Sust ainer Who sends His favors and bount ies on His creat ion in all sit uat ions and inst ances. Therefore He deserves t o be singled out , wit hout associat ing anyt hing or anyone from His creat ion wit h Him in worship. Indeed, t he Prophet said t o Mu` adh,

«∨͡キゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぶ ͡ やペ ぁェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヵ͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ぺ∠» (Do you know what Allah's right on His servant s is) Mu` adh replied, "Allah and His Messenger know bet t er.'' He said,

«ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ やヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ラぺ» (That t hey should worship Him and should not worship any ot hers wit h Him.) The Prophet t hen said,

∨∠マャ͡ク∠ やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ や∠クま͡ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャや ペ ぁェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヵ͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ぺ∠» «ユ⊥ヰよ∠ グあ バ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ (Do you know what t he right of t he servant s on Allah is if t hey do t his He should not punish t hem.) Allah t hen commands t he servant s t o be dut iful t o t heir parent s, for Allah made parent s t he reason for t he servant s t o come t o exist ence, aft er t hey did not exist . Allah j oins t he order t o worship Him wit h being dut iful t o parent s in many places. For example, He said,

びマ ∠ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゲム⊥ ∇セや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ぴ (give t hanks t o Me and t o your parent s), and,

リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒ｚΑま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔レ⇒∠ジ∇ェま͡ (And your Lord has decreed t hat you worship none but Him. And t hat you be dut iful t o your parent s). Aft er Allah ordained being dut iful t o parent s, He ordained kind t reat ment of relat ives, males and females. A Hadit h st at es,

ヵ͡ク ヴヤ∠ハヱ∠ ∩∀るホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ リ ͡ Β͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る⊥ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや» «る∠ヤタ ͡ ヱ∠ る∀ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ユ͡ ェ ͡ ゲｚ ャや (Charit y given t o t he poor is Sadaqah, while charit y given t o relat ives is bot h Sadaqah and Silah (keeping t he relat ions).) Allah t hen said,

びヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (orphans), because t hey lost t heir caret akers who would spend on t hem. So Allah commands t hat t he orphans be t reat ed wit h kindness and compassion. Allah t hen said,

びリ ⊥ Β͡ム⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (Al-Masakin (t he poor)) who have various needs and cannot find what sust ains t hese needs. Therefore, Allah commands t hey should be helped in acquiring t heir needs in a sufficient manner t hat will end t heir inadequacy. We will furt her elaborat e on t he mat t er of t he dest it ut e and t he poor in Surah Bara'h (9:60).

The Right of the Neighbor Allah said,

びょ ͡ レ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ク ケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (t he neighbor who is near of kin, t he neighbor who is a st ranger) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

びヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ク ケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (t he neighbor who is near of kin) means, "The neighbor who is also a relat ive'', while,

びょ ͡ レ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (The neighbor who is a st ranger) means, "Who is not a relat ive.'' It was also report ed t hat ` Ikrimah, Muj ahid, Maymun bin Mihran, Ad-Dahhak, Zayd bin Aslam, Muqat il bin Hayyan and Qat adah said similarly. Muj ahid was also report ed t o have said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びょ ͡ レ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (t he neighbor who is a st ranger) means, "The companion during t ravel.'' There are many Hadit hs t hat command kind t reat ment t o t he neighbors, and we will ment ion some of t hem here wit h Allah's help. The First Hadit h Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇レレ∠ ニ ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャゅ͡よ ヶ͡レΒ͡タヲ⊥Α モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ メ ∠ や∠コゅ∠ョ» «ヮ⊥をケあ ヲ∠ Β⊥ シ ∠ (Jibril kept reminding of t he neighbor's right , unt il I t hought t hat he was going t o give him a share of t he inherit ance.) The Two Sahihs recorded t his Hadit h. The Second Hadit h Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇レレ∠ ニ ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャゅ͡よ ヶ͡レΒ͡タヲ⊥Α モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ メ ∠ や∠コゅ∠ョ» «ヮ⊥をケあ ヲ∠ Β⊥ シ ∠ (Jibril kept reminding me of t he neighbor's right , unt il I t hought he was going t o appoint a share of t he inherit ance for him.) Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi recorded t his Hadit h, which At Tirmidhi said was "Hasan Gharib t hrough t his rout e.'' The Third Hadit h Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr bin Al-` As said t hat t he Prophet said,

∩͡ヮら͡ ェ ͡ ゅ∠ダャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠エ∇タほ∠∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠» «ロ͡ケゅ∠イャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ラ ͡ や∠ゲΒ͡イ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヱ∠ (The best companions according t o Allah are t hose who are t he best wit h t heir friends, and t he best neighbors according t o Allah are t he best wit h t heir neighbors.) At -Tirmidhi recorded t his Hadit h and said, "Hasan Gharib''. The Fourt h Hadit h Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Al-Miqdad bin Al-Aswad said t hat t he Messenger of Allah asked his Companions,

«∨ゅ∠ルゴあ ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (What do you say about adult ery) They said, "It is prohibit ed, for Allah and His Messenger have prohibit ed it . So it is forbidden unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion.'' The Messenger of Allah said,

∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゲ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∩∃りヲ∠ ∇ジル͡ ゲ͡ ∇ゼバ∠ よ͡ モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや ヶ ∠ ル͡ ∇ゴΑ∠ ∇ラほ∠ャ∠» «ロ͡ケゅ∠ィ り͡ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョゅ͡よ ヶ ∠ ル͡ ∇ゴΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ (For a man t o commit adult ery wit h his neighbor's wife is worse t han if he commit s adult ery wit h t en women.) He t hen said,

«∨͡るホ∠ ゲ͡ ジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (What do you say about t heft ) They said, "It is prohibit ed, for Allah and His Messenger prohibit ed it .'' He said,

ゲ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∩∃れゅ∠Β∇よぺ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇ゼハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや ベ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ラほ∠ャ∠» «ロ͡ケゅ∠ィ ∇リョ͡ ベ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (If a man st eals from his neighbor, it is worse for him t han st ealing from t en homes.) Only Ahmad recorded t his Hadit h. A similar Hadit h is recorded in t he Two Sahihs, Ibn Mas` ud said, "I asked, ` O Allah's Messenger! What is t he great est sin' He said,

«マ∠ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ や６ギル͡ ぶ ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠» (To make a rival for Allah while He Alone creat ed you.) I said, ` Then' He said,

«マ∠バョ∠ ユ∠ バ∠ ∇トΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ る∠ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ポ ∠ ギ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ モ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠» (To kill your offspring for fear t hat he might share your food wit h you.) I said, ` Then' He said,

«ポ͡ケゅ∠ィ る∠ ヤ∠Β͡ヤェ ∠ ヶ ∠ ル͡ や∠ゴゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠» (To commit adult ery wit h your neighbor's wife.)'' The Fift h Hadit h Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` A'ishah asked t he Messenger of Allah, "I have t wo neighbors, so whom among t hem should I give my gift '' He said,

«ゅ⇔よゅ∠よ マ ͡ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ よ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ヴャ͡ま»

(The neighbor whose door is t he closest t o you.) Al-Bukhari narrat ed t his Hadit h We will elaborat e on t his subj ect in t he Tafsir of Surah Bara'h, Allah willing and upon Him we depend.

Being Kind to Slaves and Servants Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and t hose (slaves) whom your right hands possess,) t his is an order t o be kind t o t hem because t hey are weak, being held as capt ives by ot hers. An aut hent ic Hadit h records t hat during t he illness t hat preceded his deat h, t he Messenger of Allah cont inued advising his Ummah:

«ユ⊥ムル⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩∠りゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや り∠ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや» ((Prot ect ) t he prayer, (prot ect ) t he prayer, and (t hose slaves) whom your hands possess.) He was repeat ing it unt il his t ongue was st ill. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Al-Miqdam bin Ma` dykarib said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ろ ∠ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩∀るホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ マ ∠ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ» ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ マ ∠ わ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ヱコ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩∀るホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ポ ∠ ギ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ «る∠ホギ∠ タ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ マ ∠ ョ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠カ ろ ∠ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩∀るホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ (What you feed yourself is a Sadaqah (charit y) for you, what you feed your children is Sadaqah for you, what you feed your wife is Sadaqah for you and what you feed your servant is Sadaqah for you.) An-Nasa'i recorded t his Hadit h which has an aut hent ic chain of narrat ion, all t he t hanks are due t o Allah. ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said t o a caret aker of his, "Did you give t he slaves t heir food yet '' He said, "No.'' Ibn ` Amr said, "Go and give it t o t hem, for t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ユ⊥ヰゎ∠ ヲ⊥ホ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ ∇リヨｚ ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ら͡ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ ￢͡ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ » (It is enough sin for someone t o prevent whomever he is responsible for from get t ing t heir food. )'' Muslim recorded t his Hadit h. Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat t he Prophet said,

モ ͡ ヨ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ブ ⊥ ｚヤム∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮゎ⊥ ∠ヲ∇ジ͡ミ∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ョ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ポ ͡ ヲヤ⊥∇ヨヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡» «ペΒ͡トΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ゅｚャま͡ (The slave has t he right t o have food, clot hing and t o only be required t o perform what he can bear of work.) Muslim also recorded t his Hadit h. Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat t he Prophet said,

ヮ⊥ ∇ジヤ͡∇イΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩ヮ͡ョゅ∠バト ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ョ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠カ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ や∠クま͡» リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ヤ∇ミぺ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ ヤ∠∇ミぺ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ボャ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ボャ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇ャヱ͡ ゅ∠レΒ⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ «ヮ∠ィゅ∠ヤハ ͡ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ｚゲェ ∠ ヶ ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ (When your servant brings meals t o one of you, if he does not let him sit and share t he meal, t hen he should at least give him a mout hful or t wo mout hfuls of t hat meal or a meal or t wo, for he has prepared it .) This is t he wording collect ed by Al-Bukhari.

Allah Does Not Like the Arrogant Allah said,

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ガプ∠ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠わ∇ガョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah does not like such as are proud and boast ful.) meaning, one who is proud and arrogant , insolent and boast s t o ot hers. He t hinks t hat he is bet t er t han ot her people, t hus t hinking high of himself, even t hough he is insignificant t o Allah and hat ed by people. Muj ahid said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ガプ∠ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠わ∇ガョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah does not like such as are proud) means arrogant , while,

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ガプ∠ ぴ (boast ful) means boast ing about what he has, while he does not t hank Allah. This Ayah indicat es t hat such a person boast s wit h people about t he bount y t hat Allah has given him, but he is act ually ungrat eful t o Allah for t his bount y. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Waqid Abu Raj a' Al-Harawi said, "You will find t hat t hose who are mean are also proud and boast ing. He t hen recit ed,

び∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and t hose (slaves) whom your right hands possess,) You will find t hat he who is undut iful (t o parent s) is also arrogant , and deprived. He t hen recit ed,

び ゅ⇔Β∂ ボ͡ セ ∠ や⇔ケゅｚらィ ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ゎギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲよ͡ や⇔ゲ∂ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And dut iful t o my mot her, and made me not arrogant , deprived.) Once a man asked t he Prophet , "O Messenger of Allah, advise me.' The Prophet said,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ケ͡ や∠コみ͡∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ら∇シま͡ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩͡ケや∠コみ͡∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ら∇シま͡ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま» «る∠ヤΒガ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡るヤ∠Β͡ガヨ∠ ∇ャや (Avoid lengt hening t he dress (below t he ankles), for t his pract ice is from arrogance. Verily, Allah does not like arrogance.)''

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇ガら⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤガ ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ゅル∠ ∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ョ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ￢∠ べ⇒∠もケ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇レΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ゅ⇔レΒ͡ヰョぁ リ ͡ ム⊥ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や∠クゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ゅ⇔レΑ͡ゲホ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ジプ∠ ゅ⇔レΑ͡ゲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャやヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (37. Those who are st ingy and encourage people t o be st ingy and hide what Allah has best owed upon t hem of His bount ies. And We have prepared for t he disbelievers a disgraceful t orment .) (38. And (also) t hose who spend of t heir wealt h t o be seen of men, and believe not in Allah and t he Last Day, and whoever t akes Shayt an as an int imat e; t hen what a dreadful int imat e he has!) (39. And what loss have t hey if t hey had believed in Allah and in t he Last Day, and t hey spend out of what Allah has given t hem for sust enamce And Allah is Ever All-Knower of t hem.)

The Censure of Stingy Behavior Allah chast ises t he st ingy behavior of t hose who refuse t o spend t heir money for what Allah ordered t hem, such as being kind t o parent s and compassionat e t o relat ives, orphans, t he poor, t he relat ive who is also a neighbor, t he companion during t ravel, t he needy wayfarer, t he slaves and servant s. Such people do not give Allah's right from t heir wealt h, and t hey assist in t he spread of st ingy behavior. The Messenger of Allah said,

«モ∇ガら⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ￢∃ や∠キ ヵ ぁ ぺ∠ヱ∠ » (What disease is more serious t han being st ingy) He also said,

∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ∩ｚウゼ ぁ ャや∠ヱ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡» «やヱ⊥ゲイ ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ ケ͡ ヲ⊥イヘ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩やヲ⊥バト ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ る͡ バ∠ ∇Βト ͡ ボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (Beware of being st ingy, for it dest royed t hose who were before you, as it encouraged t hem t o cut t heir relat ions and t hey did, and it encouraged t hem t o commit sin and t hey did.) Allah said,

びヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and hide what Allah has best owed upon t hem of His bount ies,) Therefore, t he miser is ungrat eful for Allah's favor, for it s effect does not appear on him, whet her in his food, clot hes or what he gives. Similarly, Allah said,

ギ∀ Β͡ヰゼ ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ∀キヲ⊥レム∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び (Verily, man is ungrat eful t o his Lord. And t o t hat he bears wit ness.) by his manners and conduct ,

び ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠ゼ∠ャ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや あょエ ⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, he is violent in t he love of wealt h.) Allah said,

びヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and hide what Allah has best owed upon t hem of His bount ies) and t his is why He t hreat ened t hem,

びゅ⇔レΒ͡ヰョぁ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have prepared for t he disbelievers a disgraceful t orment .) Kufr means t o cover somet hing. Therefore, t he Bakhil (miser) covers t he favors t hat Allah has blessed him wit h, meaning he does not spread t hose favors. So he is described by t he t erm Kafir (ungrat eful) regarding t he favors t hat Allah grant ed him. A Hadit h st at es t hat ,

ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠∩∃ギ∇らハ ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ユ∠ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ や∠クま͡ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» «ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ を∠ ぺ∠ (When Allah grant s a servant a favor, He likes t hat it s effect appears on him.) Some of t he Salaf st at ed t hat t his Ayah 4:37 is describing t he Jews who hid t he knowledge t hey had about t he descript ion of Muhammad, and t here is no doubt t hat t he general meaning of t he Ayah includes t his. The apparent wording for t his Ayah indicat es t hat it is t alking about being st ingy wit h money, even t hough miserly conduct wit h knowledge is also included. The Ayah t alks about spending on relat ives and t he weak, j ust as t he Ayah aft er it ,

びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや ￢∠ べ⇒∠もケ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇レΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And (also) t hose who spend of t heir wealt h t o be seen of men, ) Allah first ment ions t he punished misers who do not spend, t hen He ment ions t hose who spend t o show off t o gain t he reput at ion t hat t hey are generous, not for t he Face of Allah. A Hadit h st at es t hat t he first t hree persons on whom t he fire will feed are a scholar, a fight er and a spender who shows off wit h t heir act ions. For inst ance,

ぁょエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ :メ ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » :ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∠マヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ろ ⊥ ∇ボヘ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∩͡ヮΒ͡プ ペ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ «モΒホ͡キ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∩∀キや∠ヲィ ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ∠ ∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∩∠ろ∇よグ∠ ミ∠ (The wealt hy will say, "I did not leave any area t hat You like t o be spent on, but I spent on it in Your cause.'' Allah will say, "You lie, you only did t hat so t hat it is said, ` He is generous.' And it was said...'') meaning you acquired your reward in t he life, and t his is indeed what you sought wit h your act ion. This is why Allah said,

びゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and believe not in Allah and t he Last Day,) meaning, it is Shayt an who lured t hem t o commit t his evil act ion, inst ead of performing t he good deed as it should be performed. Shayt an encouraged, excit ed and lured t hem by making t he evil appear good,

びゅ⇔レΑ͡ゲホ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ジプ∠ ゅ⇔レΑ͡ゲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ͡ ム⊥ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever t akes Shayt an as an int imat e; t hen what a dreadful int imat e he has!) Allah t hen said,

ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や∠クゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ (And what loss have t hey if t hey had believed in Allah and in t he Last Day, and t hey spend out of what Allah has given t hem for sust enance) This Ayah means, what harm would it cause t hem if t hey believe in Allah, go on t he right eous pat h, replace showing off wit h sincerit y, have fait h in Allah, and await His promise in t he Hereaft er, for t hose who do good and spend what He has given t hem on what He likes and is pleased wit h. Allah's st at ement :

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah is Ever All-Knower of t hem.) means, He has perfect knowledge of t heir int ent ions, whet her good or evil. Indeed, Allah knows t hose who deserve success, and He grant s t hem success and guidance, direct ing t hem t o perform right eous act ions t hat will earn t hem His pleasure. He also knows t hose who deserve failure and expulsion from His great mercy, which amount s t o ut t er failure in t his life and t he Hereaft er for t hem, we seek refuge in Allah from t his evil end.

る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ マ ⊥ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ルギ⊥ ｚャ リ͡ョ れ ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヘバ͡ ⇒∠ツΑ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ ヱ∠ ギ∃ Β͡ヰゼ ∠ よ͡ る∃ ョｚ ぺ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ ダ ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キぁ ヲ∠ Α∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ンｚヲジ ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや び ⇔ゅんΑ͡ギ∠ェ

(40. Surely! Allah wrongs not even of t he weight of a speck of dust , but if t here is any good (done), He doubles it , and gives from Him a great reward.) (41. How (will it be) t hen, when We bring from each nat ion a wit ness and We bring you (O Muhammad) as a wit ness against t hese people) (42. On t hat day t hose who disbelieved and disobeyed t he Messenger will wish t hat t hey were buried in t he eart h, but t hey will never be able t o hide a single fact from Allah.)

Allah Wrongs Not Even the Weight of a Speck of Dust Allah st at es t hat He does not t reat any of His servant s wit h inj ust ice on t he Day of Resurrect ion, be it t he weight of a must ard seed or a speck of dust . Rat her, Allah shall reward t hem for t his act ion and mult iply it , if it were a good deed. For inst ance, Allah said,

びテ ∠ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ Α͡コヲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ツ ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We shall set up balances of j ust ice) Allah said t hat Luqman said,

ヴ͡プ ∇リム⊥ わ∠ プ∠ メ ∃ キ∠ ∇ゲカ ∠ ∇リョあ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ マ ⊥ ゎ∠ ラ͡ま べ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ ｚヴレ∠ ら⊥ Αぴ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ヱぺ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ヱぺ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ ∇ガタ ∠ びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (O my son! If it be (anyt hing) equal t o t he weight of a must ard seed, and t hough it be in a rock, or in t he heavens or in t he eart h, Allah will bring it fort h). Allah said,

- ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Β⊥ ャあ ゅ⇔ゎゅ∠わ∇セぺ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ケ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇ダΑ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ ∇モヨ∠ ⇒∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ び ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ や⇔ゲ∂ セ ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ (That Day mankind will proceed in scat t ered groups t hat t hey may be shown t heir deeds. So whosoever does good equal t o t he weight of a speck of dust shall see it . And whosoever does evil equal t o t he weight of a speck of dust shall see it .) The Two Sahihs recorded t he long Hadit h about t he int ercession t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri narrat ed, and in which t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヶ͡プ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩やヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ケや :モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ » リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カほ∠プ∠ ∩∃ラゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇リョ͡ メ ∃ キ∠ ∇ゲカ ∠ る͡ らｚ ェ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ «ケゅｚレャや (Allah t hen says, "Go back, and t ake out of t he Fire everyone in whose heart you find t he weight of a must ard seed of fait h'') In anot her narrat ion, Allah says, :

∩∃ラゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇リョ͡ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠» «や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カほ∠プ∠ ("Whosoever had t he least , least , least speck of fait h, t ake him out of t he Fire,'' and t hey will t ake out many people.) Abu Sa` id t hen said, "Read, if you will,

びり∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely! Allah wrongs not even of t he weight of a speck of dust ).''

Will Punishment be Diminished for the Disbelievers Sa` id bin Jubayr comment ed about Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ヰ∇ヘバ͡ ⇒∠ツΑ⊥ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ マ ⊥ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (but if t here is any good (done), He doubles it ,) "As for t he disbeliever, his punishment will be lessened for him on t he Day of Resurrect ion, but he will never depart t he Fire.'' He used as evidence t he aut hent ic Hadit h in which Al-` Abbas said, "O Messenger of Allah! Your uncle Abu Talib used t o prot ect and support you, did you benefit him at all'' The Messenger said,

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムャ∠ ∩ゅ∠ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∃ケゅ∠ル ∇リョ͡ ゥ ∃ ゅ∠ツ∇エッ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » «ケゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ モ ͡ ヘ∠ ∇シほ∠∇ャや ポ ͡ ∇ケギｚ ャや ヶ͡プ (Yes. He is in a shallow area in Hell-fire, and were it not for me, he would have been in t he deepest dept hs of t he Fire.) However, t his Hadit h only applies t o Abu Talib, not t he rest of t he

disbelievers. To support t his, we ment ion what Abu Dawud At -Tayalisi recorded in his Musnad t hat Anas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠んΑ⊥ ∩⇔るレ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡りゲ∠ カ ͡ べ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ン∠ゴ∇イΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ベ ∠ ∇コゲあ ャや る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ユ⊥ バ∠ ∇トΒ⊥ プ∠ ゲ⊥ プ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや «る∠レジ ∠ェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ (Allah does not wrong t he fait hful even concerning one good act ion, for he will be rewarded for it by provision in t his life and awarded for it in t he Hereaft er. As for t he disbeliever, he will be provided provision in t his life for his good act ion, and on t he Day of Resurrect ion, he will not have any good deed.)

What Does ` Great Reward' Mean Abu Hurayrah, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan, Qat adah and Ad-Dahhak said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ルギ⊥ ｚャ リ͡ョ れ ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and gives from Him a great reward.) refers t o Paradise. We ask Allah for His pleasure and Paradise. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu ` Ut hman An-Nahdi said, "No ot her person accompanied Abu Hurayrah more t han I. One year, he went t o Haj j before me, and I found t he people of Al-Basrah saying t hat he narrat ed t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

«る∠レジ ∠ェ ∠ ブ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ る∠ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや ブ ⊥ ハ ͡ ゅ∠ツΑ⊥ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» (Allah rewards t he good deed wit h a million deeds.) So I said, ` Woe t o you! No person accompanied Abu Hurayrah more t han I, and I never heard him narrat e t his Hadit h!' When I want ed t o meet him, I found t hat he had left for Haj j so I followed him t o Haj j t o ask him about t his Hadit h.'' Ibn Abi Hat im also recorded t his Hadit h using anot her chain of narrat ion leading t o Abu ` Ut hman. In t his narrat ion, Abu ` Ut hman said, "I said, ` O Abu Hurayrah! I heard my bret hren in Al-Basrah claim t hat you narrat ed t hat you heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

«る∠レジ ∠ェ ∠ ブ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ る͡ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヵ͡ゴ∇イΑ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡»

(Allah rewards t he good deed wit h a million deeds.) Abu Hurayrah said, ` By Allah! I heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

«る∠レジ ∠ェ ∠ ブ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ヶヘ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ る͡ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヵ͡ゴ∇イΑ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» (Allah rewards t he good deed wit h t wo million deeds.) He t hen recit ed t his Ayah,

び∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ Ι ｚ ま͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ゅ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ネ ⊥ ゅ∠わョ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (But lit t le is t he enj oyment of t he life of t his world as compared t o t he Hereaft er).''

Our Prophet will be a Witness Against, or For his Ummah on the Day of Resurrection, When the Disbelievers Will Wish for Death Allah said,

マ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ ヱ∠ ギ∃ Β͡ヰゼ ∠ よ͡ る∃ ョｚ ぺ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ や∠クま͡ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ぴ び や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (How (will it be) t hen, when We bring from each nat ion a wit ness and We bring you (O Muhammad) as a wit ness against t hese people) Allah describes t he horrors, hardships and difficult ies of t he Day of Resurrect ion, saying, how would it be on t hat Day when t here will be a wit ness from every nat ion, meaning t he Prophet s, j ust as Allah said;

ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ノ∠ ッ ͡ ヱ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよあ ケ∠ ケ͡ ヲ⊥レよ͡ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや ろ ͡ ホ∠ ゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び￢͡ へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ ∇ΒΒあ ら͡ レｚ ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ ヴ⇒͡ィヱ∠ (And t he eart h will shine wit h t he light of it s Lord, and t he Book will be placed (open); and t he Prophet s and t he wit nesses will be brought forward), and,

∇リョあ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ

(And (remember) t he Day when We shall raise up from every nat ion a wit ness against t hem from amongst t hemselves). Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "The Messenger of Allah said t o me, ` Recit e t o me.' I said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Should I recit e (t he Qur'an) t o you, while it was revealed t o you' He said, ` Yes, for I like t o hear it from ot her people.' I recit ed Surat An-Nisa' unt il I reached t his Ayah,

マ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ ヱ∠ ギ∃ Β͡ヰゼ ∠ よ͡ る∃ ョｚ ぺ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ や∠クま͡ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ぴ び や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (How (will it be) t hen, when We bring from each nat ion a wit ness and We bring you (O Muhammad) as a wit ness against t hese people) He t hen said, ` St op now.' I found t hat his eyes were t earful.'' Allah's st at ement ,

∇ヲャ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ ダ ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キぁ ヲ∠ Α∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔んΑ͡ギェ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ンｚヲジ ∠ ゎ⊥ (On t hat day t hose who disbelieved and disobeyed t he Messenger will wish t hat t hey were buried in t he eart h, but t hey will never be able t o hide a single fact from Allah.) means, t hey will wish t hat t he eart h would open up and swallow t hem because of t he horror of t he gat hering place and t he disgrace, dishonor and humiliat ion t hey will suffer on t hat Day. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

びロ⊥ や∠ギΑ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢⊥ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day when man will see t hat (t he deeds) which his hands have sent fort h) Allah t hen said,

び⇔ゅんΑ͡ギ∠ェ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (but t hey will never be able t o hide a single fact from Allah.) indicat ing t hat t hey will admit t o everyt hing t hey did and will not hide any of it . ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "A man came t o Ibn ` Abbas and said t o him, ` There are t hings t hat confuse me in t he Qur'an.' Ibn ` Abbas said, ` What t hings do you have doubt s about in t he Qur'an' He said, ` Not doubt s, but rat her confusing t hings.' Ibn ` Abbas said, ` Tell me what caused you confusion.' He said, ` I hear Allah's st at ement ,

ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥

(There will t hen be no t est for t hem but t o say: "By Allah, our Lord, we were not t hose who j oined ot hers in worship wit h Allah.'') but He also says,

び⇔ゅんΑ͡ギ∠ェ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (but t hey will never be able t o hide a single fact from Allah.) They have indeed hid somet hing.' Ibn ` Abbas said, ` As for Allah's st at ement ,

ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ (There will t hen be no t est for t hem but t o say: "By Allah, our Lord, we were not t hose who j oined ot hers in worship wit h Allah.''), when t hey see t hat on t he Day of Resurrect ion t hat Allah does not forgive, except for t he people of Islam, and t hat He forgives t he sins, no mat t er how big t hey are, except Shirk, t hen t he Mushriks will lie. They will say,

びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ ("By Allah, our Lord, we were not t hose who j oined ot hers in worship wit h Allah.''), hoping t hat Allah will forgive t hem. However, Allah will t hen seal t heir mout hs, and t heir hands and feet will disclose what t hey used t o do. Then,

ンｚヲジ ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ ダ ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キぁ ヲ∠ Α∠ ぴ び⇔ゅんΑ͡ギ∠ェ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ (t hose who disbelieved and disobeyed t he Messenger will wish t hat t hey were buried in t he eart h, but t hey will never be able t o hide a single fact from Allah. )'''

ヴｚわェ ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ムシ ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Κ ∠ レ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ モ ∃ Β͡らシ ∠ ン͡ゲよ͡ ゅ∠ハ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ら⊥レィ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ヘ∠ シ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲョｚ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤジ ͡ わ∠ ∇ピゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ジレあ ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ジヨ∠ ⇒∠ャ ∇ヱぺ∠ テ ͡ も͡ べ∠ピ∇ャや リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ

∇やヲ⊥エジ ∠ ∇ョゅ∠プ ゅ⇔らあΒデ ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡バタ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヨｚ Β∠ わ∠ プ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ びや⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ や⇔ヲ∂ ヘ⊥ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヲ⊥ よ͡ (43. O you who believe! Do not approach Salah while you are in a druken st at e unt il you know what you are saying, nor while Junub (sexually impure), except while passing t hrough, unt il you bat he (your ent ire body), and if you are ill, or on a j ourney, or one of you comes from t he Gha'it (t oilet ), or from Lamast um (t ouching) women, but you do not find wat er, t hen perform Tayammum wit h clean eart h, rubbing your faces and hands. Truly, Allah is Ever Oft -Pardoning, Oft -Forgiving.)

The Prohibition of Approaching Prayer When Drunk or Junub Allah forbade His believing servant s from praying while drunk, for one does not know t he meaning of what he is saying in t hat st at e, and He forbade t hem from at t ending t he Masj ids while sexually impure, except when one is j ust passing t hrough t he Masj id from one door t o anot her. This Ayah was revealed before alcohol consumpt ion was complet ely prohibit ed, as evident by t he Hadit h t hat we ment ioned in Surat Al-Baqarah when we explained Allah's st at ement ,

びゲ͡ ジ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Αぴ (They ask you about alcoholic drink and gambling). In t hat Hadit h, t he Messenger of Allah recit ed t his Ayah t o ` Umar, who said, "O Allah! Explain t he ruling about Khamr (int oxicant s) for us in a plain manner.'' When t his Ayah 4:43 was revealed, t he Prophet recit ed it t o ` Umar, who st ill said, "O Allah! Explain t he ruling about Khamr (int oxicant s) for us in a plain manner.'' Aft er t hat , t hey would not drink alcohol close t o t he t ime of prayer. When Allah's st at ement ,

ゲ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ へ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや モ ͡ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ザ∇ィ͡ケ ュ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇コΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ダルｘΙや∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プ (O you who believe! alcoholic drinks, gambling, Al-Ansab, and Al-Azlam are an abominat ion of Shayat an's handiwork. So avoid t hat in order t hat you may be successful. ) 5:90 , unt il,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レぁョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ

(So, will you not t hen abst ain) 5:91 was revealed, ` Umar said, "We abst ain, we abst ain.'' In anot her narrat ion, when t he Ayah in Surat An-Nisa' was revealed,

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ヴｚわェ ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ムシ ⊥ (O you who believe! Do not approach Salah while you are in a druken st at e unt il you know what you are saying,) at t he t ime of prayer, t he Messenger of Allah would have someone proclaim; "Let not any drunk approach t he prayer.'' This is t he wording collect ed by Abu Dawud.

Causes of Its Revelation Ibn Abi Hat im has recorded some report s about t he incident of it s revelat ion: Sa` d said, "Four Ayat were revealed concerning me. A man from t he Ansar once made some food and invit ed some Muhaj irin and Ansar men t o it , and we at e and drank unt il we became int oxicat ed. We t hen boast ed about our st at us.'' Then a man held a camel's bone and inj ured Sa` d's nose, which was scarred ever since. This occurred before Al-Khamr was prohibit ed, and Allah lat er revealed,

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ びン∠ゲ⇒∠ムシ ⊥ (O you who believe! Approach not AsSalat (t he prayer) when you are in a drunken st at e). Muslim recorded t his Hadit h, and t he collect ors of t he Sunan recorded it , wit h t he except ion of Ibn Maj ah. Anot her Reason Ibn Abi Hat im narrat ed t hat ` Ali bin Abi Talib said, "Abdur-Rahman bin ` Awf made some food t o which he invit ed us and served some alcohol t o drink. When we became int oxicat ed, and t he t ime for prayer came, t hey asked someone t o lead us in prayer. He recit ed ` Say, ` O disbelievers! I do not worship t hat which you worship, but we worship t hat which you worship refer t o t he correct wording of t he Surah: 109 .''' Allah t hen revealed,

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ヴｚわェ ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ムシ ⊥ (O you who believe! Do not approach Salah when you are in a drunken st at e unt il you know what you are saying). '' This is t he narrat ion collect ed by Ibn Abi Hat im and At -Tirmidhi, who said "Hasan Gharib Sahih.'' Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il you know what you are saying) is t he best descript ion for when one is int oxicat ed, t hat is, when he does not know t he meaning of what he is saying. When a person is drunk, he makes obvious mist akes in t he recit at ion and will not be able t o be humble during t he prayer. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩∇ユレ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∇フゲ͡ ダ ∠ ∇レΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∩ヶあヤダ ∠ Α⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ザ ∠ バ∠ ル∠ や∠クま͡» «メヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ (If one feels sleepy while he is praying, let him sleep for a while so t hat he knows t he meaning of what he is saying.) This was also recorded by Al-Bukhari and An-Nasa'i. In some of t he narrat ions of t his Hadit h, t he Messenger said,

«ヮ∠ジ∇ヘル∠ ょ ｚ ジ ⊥ Β∠ プ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ょ ⊥ ワ∠ ∇グΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ » (...For he might want t o ask for forgiveness, but inst ead curses himself!) Allah said,

び∇やヲ⊥ヤジ ͡ わ∠ ∇ピゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ モ ∃ Β͡らシ ∠ ン͡ゲよ͡ ゅ∠ハ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ら⊥レィ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor while Junub (sexually impure), except while passing t hrough, unt il you bat he (your ent ire body),) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヲ⊥ヤジ ͡ わ∠ ∇ピゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ モ ∃ Β͡らシ ∠ ン͡ゲよ͡ ゅ∠ハ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ら⊥レィ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor while Junub (sexually impure), except while passing t hrough, unt il you bat he (your ent ire body,) means, "Do not ent er t he Masj id when you are Junub, unless you are j ust passing by, in which case, you pass t hrough wit hout sit t ing down.'' Ibn Abi Hat im said t hat similar is report ed from ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud, Anas, Abu ` Ubaydah, Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib, Abu Ad-Duha, ` At a', Muj ahid, Masruq, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Zayd bin Aslam, Abu Malik, ` Amr bin Dinar, Al-Hakam bin ` Ut aybah, ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Yahya bin Sa` id Al-Ansari, Ibn Shihab and Qat adah. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Yazid bin Abi Habib comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びモ ∃ Β͡らシ ∠ ン͡ゲよ͡ ゅ∠ハ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ら⊥レィ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor while Junub (sexually impure), except while passing t hrough,) when some men from t he Ansar, whose doors lit erally opened int o t he Masj id, were sexually impure, and t hey did not have wat er, t heir only way t o get wat er was t o pass t hrough t he Masj id. So, Allah sent down,

びモ ∃ Β͡らシ ∠ ン͡ゲよ͡ ゅ∠ハ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ら⊥レィ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor while Junub (sexually impure), except while passing t hrough,).'' What support s t his st at ement by Yazid bin Abi Habib, may Allah have mercy upon him, is Al-Bukhari's report in his Sahih, t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヶ͡よぺ∠ る∠ カ ∠ ∇ヲカ ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ る∃ カ ∠ ∇ヲカ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ やヱぁギシ ⊥» «ゲ∇ムよ∠ (Close all t he small doors in t his Masj id, except t hat of Abu Bakr.) This is what t he Prophet commanded at t he end of his life, knowing t hat Abu Bakr will be t he Khalifah aft er him, and t hat he would need t o ent er t he Masj id on numerous occasions t o manage t he import ant affairs of t he Muslims. Yet , t he Messenger of Allah commanded t hat all t he small doors t hat open int o t he Masj id be closed, except Abu Bakr's door. Some of t he Sunan compilers recorded t he Prophet saying t hat only ` Ali's door should remain open, but t his is an error, what is in t he Sahih is what is correct . In his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "The Messenger of Allah said t o me,

«ギ͡イ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ り∠ ゲ∠ ∇ヨガ ⊥ ∇ャや ヶレ͡Βャ͡ヱ͡ ゅ∠ル» (Bring me t he garment from t he Masj id.) I said, ` I am having my period.' He said,

«ポ͡ギΑ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ろジ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ マ ͡ わ∠ ツ ∠ ∇Βェ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» (Your period is not in your hand.) Muslim also collect ed a similar narrat ion from Abu Hurayrah. This Hadit h indicat es t hat t he woman is allowed t o pass t hrough t he Masj id during menses or post -nat al bleeding, and Allah knows best .

Description of Tayammum Allah said,

ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ヘ∠ シ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲョｚ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ジレあ ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ジヨ∠ ⇒∠ャ ∇ヱぺ∠ テ ͡ も͡ べ∠ピ∇ャや リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ びゅ⇔らあΒデ ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡バタ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヨｚ Β∠ わ∠ プ∠

(and if you are ill, or on a j ourney, or one of you comes from t he Gha'it (t oilet ), or from Lamast um (t ouching) women, but you do not find wat er, t hen perform Tayammum wit h clean eart h, rubbing your face and hands. Truly, Allah is Ever Oft -Pardoning, Oft -Forgiving.) As for t he t ype of illness which would allow Tayammum, it is an illness t hat one fears would be aggravat ed by using wat er, which could be det riment al t o a part of t he body, or when doing so would prolong an illness. Some scholars said t hat any t ype of illness warrant s Tayammum, because of t he general indicat ions of t he Ayah. As for t ravelling on a j ourney, it is known, regardless of it s lengt h. Allah t hen said,

びテ ͡ も͡ べ∠ピ∇ャや リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or comes from t he Gha'it ). The Gha'it is, lit erally, t he flat land, and t his part of t he Ayah refers t o t he minor impurit y. Allah t hen said,

び￢∠ べ∠ジレあ ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ジヨ∠ ⇒∠ャ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or you Lamast um women), which was recit ed Lamast um and Lamast um, referring t o sexual int ercourse. For inst ance, Allah said in anot her Ayah,

∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲぁジヨ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ボヤｚデ ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ッゲ∠ プ∠ ゅョ∠ ブ ⊥ ∇ダレ͡ プ∠ る⇔ ツ ∠ Α͡ゲプ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ッゲ∠ プ∠ (And if you divorce t hem before you have t ouched t hem, and you have appoint ed unt o t hem t he dowry, t hen pay half of t hat ) 2:237 , and,

ｚユを⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇エム∠ ル∠ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲぁジヨ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ボヤｚデ ∠ びゅ∠ヰル∠ ヱぁギわ∠ ∇バゎ∠ り∃ ギｚ ハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ (O you who believe! When you marry believing women, and t hen divorce t hem before you have t ouched t hem, no ` Iddah (period of wait ing) have you t o count in respect of t hem) 33:49 . Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

び￢∠ べ∠ジレあ ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ジヨ∠ ⇒∠ャ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ

(or Lamast um women) refers t o sexual int ercourse. It was report ed t hat ` Ali, Ubayy bin Ka` b, Muj ahid, Tawus, Al-Hasan, ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Ash-Sha` bi, Qat adah and Muqat il bin Hayyan said similarly. Allah said,

びゅ⇔らあΒデ ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡バタ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヨｚ Β∠ わ∠ プ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (but you do not find wat er,t hem perform Tayammum wit h clean eart h,) In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat ` Imran bin Husayn said, :

ろ ∠ ∇ジャ∠ぺ∠ ∩͡ュ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ヶ ∠ ヤあダ ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ マ ∠ バ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ゅ∠Α» «∨∃ユヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ゲ∠ よ͡ :

:

«マΒヘ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩͡ギΒ͡バダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠» (Allah's Messenger saw a person sit t ing away from t he people and not praying wit h t hem. He asked him, ` O so-and-so! What prevent ed you from offering t he prayer wit h t he people, are not you Muslim' He replied, ` Yes, O Allah's Messenger! I am Junub and t here is no wat er.' The Prophet said, ` Perform Tayammum wit h clean eart h and t hat will be sufficient for you.') The linguist ic meaning of Tayammum is t o int end, as Arabs say, "May Allah Tayammamaka (direct at you) His care.'' ` Clean eart h' means dust . In his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat Hudhayfah bin AlYaman said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠レプ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘタ ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ ⊥ :ゐ ∃ ゅ∠ヤん∠ よ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤツ あ プ⊥ » ゅ∠ヰヤぁミ⊥ チ ⊥ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡るム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや フ ͡ ヲ⊥ヘダ ⊥ ミ∠ ギ͡ イ ͡ ル∠ ∇ユャ∠ や∠クま͡ ∩や⇔ケヲ⊥ヰデ ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ よ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ギイ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ «￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや (We were given preference over people in t hree t hings. Our lines (in prayer) were arranged in rows t o resemble t he rows of t he angels, all of t he eart h was made a Masj id for us, and it s dust was made clean for us when t here is no wat er.) The Messenger ment ioned t he favor of making dust a purifyer for us, and if t here were any ot her subst ance t o replace it for Tayammum, he would have ment ioned it . Imam Ahmad and t he collect ors of Sunan, wit h t he except ion of Ibn Maj ah, recorded t hat Abu Dharr said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ギ͡ イ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡ユヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰデ ∠ ょ ⊥ Βあ ト ｚ ャや ギ⊥ Β͡バダ ｚ ャや» ∩⊥ヮゎ∠ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚジヨ͡ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∃アイ ∠ェ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ゼハ ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや «ゲ∇Βカ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ (Clean eart h is pure for t he Muslim, even if he does not find wat er for t en years. When he finds wat er, let him use it for his skin, for t his is bet t er.) At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih''. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヲ⊥ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥エジ ∠ ∇ョゅ∠プぴ (rubbing your faces and hands (Tayammum)) indicat es t hat Tayammum is a subst it ut e for normal ablut ion, not t hat it involves cleaning t he part s t hat normal ablut ion does. Therefore, it is sufficient in Tayammum t o j ust wipe t he face and hands, as t he consensus concurs. The face and hands are wiped wit h one st rike on t he sand in t his case, as Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdur-Rahman bin Abza said t hat a man came t o ` Umar and asked him, "I am Junub, but t here is no wat er.'' ` Umar said, "Then, do not pray.'' ` Ammar said, "Do you not remember, O Leader of t he Fait hful! You and I were on a milit ary expedit ion when we became Junub and did not find wat er. You did not pray, but I rolled myself in t he sand and t hen prayed. When we went back t o t he Prophet , we ment ioned t o him what had happened. He said t o me, S

«マΒ͡ヘ∇ムΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡» (This would have been sufficient for you), and t he Prophet st roked his hand on t he eart h once, blew int o it and wiped his face and hands.'' The Muslim Ummah, rat her t han all ot her nat ions, was favored wit h t he allowance of Tayammum. In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

れ ⊥ ∇ゲダ ͡ ル⊥ :ヶ͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ト ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥» チ ⊥ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヶ ∠ ャ͡ ∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∃ゲ∇ヰセ ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ Β͡ジョ∠ ょ ͡ ∇ハゲぁ ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ∇わミ∠ ケ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヨΑぁ ∠ほ∠プ ∩や⇔ケヲ⊥ヰデ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ギイ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ «モ∠ダΒ⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや :

∩⊥ユも͡ ゅ∠レピ∠ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ ャ͡ ∇ろヤｚェ ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩⊥ロギ⊥ イ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰデ ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レバ͡ プ∠ » ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∩∠るハ ∠ ゅ∠ヘゼ ｚ ャや ろ ⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ヤ∇らホ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ モ ｚエ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ «るｚョゅ∠ハ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴャ͡ま ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ヶ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや (I have been given five t hings which were not given t o any (Prophet ) before me: Allah made me vict orious wit h fright t hat covers a mont h's dist ance. The eart h has been made for me (and for my followers) a place for praying and an obj ect t o perform purificat ion wit h. Therefore let my followers pray wherever t he t ime of a prayer is due - and in anot her narrat ion - he will have his means of purit y and his Masj id. The spoils of war have been made lawful for me and it was not made so for anyone else before me. I have been given t he right of int ercession (on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) Every Prophet used t o be sent t o his nat ion exclusively, but I have been sent t o all mankind.) We also ment ioned t he Hadit h of Hudhayfah t hat Muslim recorded;

ゅ∠レプ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘタ ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ ⊥ ∩∃ゐゅ∠ヤん∠ よ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤツ あ プ⊥ » ∩や⇔ギイ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡るム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや フ ͡ ヲ⊥ヘダ ⊥ ミ∠ «￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ル∠ ∇ユャ∠ や∠クま͡ ∩や⇔ケヲ⊥ヰデ ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ ∠よ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∠ヱ (We were preferred wit h t hree t hings over people. Our lines (in prayer) were arranged in rows t o resemble t he rows of t he angels, all of t he eart h was made a Masj id for us, and it s dust was made clean for us when t here is no wat er.) Allah said in t his Ayah,

や⇔ヲ∂ ヘ⊥ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヲ⊥ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥エジ ∠ ∇ョゅ∠プぴ びや⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ (rubbing your faces and hands. Truly, Allah is Ever Oft -Pardoning, Oft -Forgiving.) meaning, a part of His pardoning and forgiving is t hat He allows you t o use Tayammum and t o pray aft er using it when t here is no wat er, t o make t hings easy for you. This Ayah sanct ifies t he posit ion of t he prayer, it being t oo sacred t han t o be performed in a defecient manner, like in a st at e of drunkenness, unt il one becomes aware of what he is saying, or sexually impure, unt il he bat hes (Ghusl), or aft er answering t he call of nat ure, unt il he performs ablut ion. There are except ions when one is ill or when t here is no wat er. In t his case, Allah allows us t o use Tayammum, out of His mercy and kindness for His servant s, and t o facilit at e t hem, all praise is due t o Allah.

The Reason behind allowing Tayammum Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "We set out wit h Allah's Messenger on one of his j ourneys unt il we reached Al-Bayda' or Dhat -ul-Jaysh, where a necklace of mine was broken

(and lost ). Allah's Messenger st ayed t here t o search for it , and so did t he people along wit h him. There was no wat er source or any wat er wit h t hem at t hat place, so t he people went t o Abu Bakr As-Siddiq and said, ` Don't you see what ` A'ishah has done! She has made Allah's Messenger and t he people st ay where t here is no source of wat er and t hey have no wat er wit h t hem.' Abu Bakr came while Allah's Messenger was sleeping wit h his head on my t high. He said t o me, ` You have det ained Allah's Messenger and t he people where t here is no source of wat er and t hey have no wat er wit h t hem.' So he admonished me and said what Allah wished him t o say and hit me on my flank wit h his hand. Not hing prevent ed me from moving (because of pain) but t he posit ion of Allah's Messenger on my t high. Allah's Messenger got up when dawn broke and t here was no wat er. So Allah revealed t he verses of Tayammum, and t hey all performed Tayammum. Usayd bin Hudayr said, ` O t he family of Abu Bakr! This is not t he first blessing of yours.' Then t he camel on which I was riding was moved from it s place and t he necklace was found beneat h it .'' Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t his Hadit h.

ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ -モ ∠ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや ∇やヲぁヤツ ͡ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ る∠ ヤ∠⇒ヤｚツャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ や∠ギ∇ハほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ リ∠ハ ユ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲあ エ ∠ Α⊥ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョあ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ノヨ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∇Βダ ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ バ͡ ッ ͡ や∠ヲョｚ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔レ∇バデ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャほ∠よ͡ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ∠ ゅ∠レハ ͡ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ノ∃ ヨ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムャ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルや∠ヱ ∇ノヨ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ｚャ リ͡ムャ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ (44. Have you not seen t hose (t he Jews) who were given a port ion of t he Book, purchasing t he wrong pat h, and wishing t hat you should go ast ray from t he right pat h.) (45. Allah has full knowledge of your enemies, and Allah is sufficient as a Wali (Prot ect or), and Allah is sufficient as a Helper.) (46. Among t hose who are Jews, t here are some who displace words from (t heir) right places and say: "We hear your word and disobey,'' and "Hear and let you hear not hing.'' And Ra` ina wit h a t wist of t heir t ongues and as a mockery of t he religion. And if only t hey had said: "We hear and obey'', and "Do make us underst and,'' it would have been bet t er for t hem, and more proper; but Allah has cursed t hem for t heir disbelief, so t hey believe not except a few.)

Chastising the Jews for Choosing Misguidance, Altering Allah's Words, and Mocking Islam

Allah st at es t hat t he Jews, may Allah's cont inued curse fall on t hem unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, have purchased t he wrong pat h inst ead of guidance, and ignored what Allah sent down t o His Messenger Muhammad . They also ignored t he knowledge t hat t hey inherit ed from previous Prophet s, about t he descript ion of Muhammad , so t hat t hey may have a small amount of t he delight s of t his life.

びモ ∠ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや ∇やヲぁヤツ ͡ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and wishing t hat you should go ast ray from t he right pat h.) for t hey would like t hat you disbelieve in what was sent down t o you, O believers, and t hat you abandon t he guidance and beneficial knowledge t hat you have.

び∇ユム⊥ も͡ や∠ギ∇ハほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (Allah has full knowledge of your enemies) meaning, Allah has bet t er knowledge of your enemies, and He warns you against t hem.

びや⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and Allah is sufficient as a Wali (Prot ect or), and Allah is Sufficient as a Helper) He is a Sufficient Prot ect or for t hose who seek refuge wit h Him and a Sufficient Support er for t hose who seek His help. Allah t hen said,

びヮ͡ バ͡ ッ ͡ や∠ヲョｚ リ∠ハ ユ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲあ エ ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (t here are some who displace words from (t heir) right places) meaning, t hey int ent ionally and falsely alt er t he meanings of t he Words of Allah and explain t hem in a different manner t han what Allah meant ,

びゅ∠レ∇Βダ ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And say: "We hear your word and disobey) saying, "We hear what you say, O Muhammad, but we do not obey you in it ,'' as Muj ahid and Ibn Zayd explained. This is t he implied meaning of t he Ayah, and it demonst rat es t he Jews' disbelief, st ubbornness and disregard for Allah's Book aft er t hey underst ood it , all t he while aware of t he sin and punishment t hat t his behavior will earn for t hem. Allah's st at ement ,

びノ∃ ヨ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ノヨ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ

(And "Hear and let you hear not hing.'') means, hear our words, may you never hear anyt hing, as Ad-Dahhak report ed from Ibn ` Abbas. This is t he Jews' way of mocking and j est ing, may Allah's curse descend on t hem.

びリ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔レ∇バデ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャほ∠よ͡ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ∠ ゅ∠レハ ͡ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Ra` ina, wit h a t wist of t heir t ongues and as a mockery of t he religion.) meaning, t hey pret end t o say, ` Hear us,' when t hey say, Ra` ina (an insult in Hebrew, but in Arabic it means ` List en t o us.').' Yet , t heir t rue aim is t o curse t he Prophet . We ment ioned t his subj ect when we explained Allah's st at ement ,

∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ゅ∠レ͡ハ∠ケ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ びゅ∠ル∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルや (O you who believe! Say not Ra` ina but say Unzurna (make us underst and)). Therefore, Allah said about t hem, while t hey pret end t o say ot her t han what t hey t ruly mean,

びリ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔レ∇バデ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャほ∠よ͡ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ∠ぴ (Wit h a t wist of t heir t ongues and as a mockery of t he religion) because of t heir cursing t he Prophet . Allah t hen said,

ゅ∠ル∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルや∠ヱ ∇ノヨ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ｚャ リ͡ムャ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムャ∠ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ (And if only t hey had said: "We hear and obey'', and "Do make us underst and,'' it would have been bet t er for t hem, and more proper; but Allah has cursed t hem for t heir disbelief, so t hey believe not except a few.) meaning, t heir heart s are cast away from t he pat h of right eousness and t herefore, no beneficial part of fait h ent ers it . Earlier, when we explained,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so lit t le is t hat which t hey believe) which means t hey do not have beneficial fait h.

ゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ∠ル ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや べ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ ゅ⇔ワヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ザ ∠ ヨ͡ ∇トルｚ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョ⊥ ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ べｚレバ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ∇ヤル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ワゲ͡ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ワキｚ ゲ⊥ レ∠ プ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ - Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥バ∇ヘョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ろ ͡ ∇らジ ｚ ャや リ∠ョヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ゅ∠ョ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ び ゅ⇔ヨΒヌ ͡ハ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや ギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ (47. O you who have been given t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians)! Believe in what We have revealed confirming what is wit h you, before We efface faces and t urn t hem backwards or curse t hem as We cursed t he people of t he Sabbat h. And t he commandment of Allah is always execut ed.) (48. Verily, Allah forgives not t hat part ners should be set up wit h Him (in worship), but He forgives except t hat t o whom He wills; and whoever set s up part ners wit h Allah in worship, he has indeed invent ed a t remendous sin.)

Calling the People of the Book to Embrace the Faith, Warning them Against Doing Otherwise Allah commands t he People of t he Script ures t o believe in what He has sent down t o His servant and Messenger, Muhammad , t he Glorious Book t hat conforms t o t he good news t hat t hey already have about Muhammad . He also warns t hem,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ワキｚ ゲ⊥ レ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ワヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ザ ∠ ヨ͡ ∇トルｚ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リあョぴ びべ∠ワゲ͡ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ (before We efface faces and t urn t hem backwards) Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ` effacing' here refers t o blindness,

びべ∠ワゲ͡ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ワキｚ ゲ⊥ レ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and t urn t hem backwards) meaning, We put t heir faces on t heir backs, and make t hem walk backwards, since t heir eyes will be in t heir backs. Similar was said by Qat adah and ` At iyah Al` Awfi. This makes t he punishment even more severe, and it is a parable t hat Allah set for ignoring t he t rut h, preferring t he wrong way and t urning away from t he plain pat h for t he pat hs of misguidance. Therefore, such people walk backwards. Similarly, some said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

リ ͡ ⇒∠ホ∇クΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ヤ∇ビぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ボ͡ ⇒レ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚル͡まぴ びや⇔ギ∂ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヨ∠ ∇ボョぁ ユ⊥ヰプ∠ (Verily, We have put on t heir necks iron collars reaching t o t he chins, so t hat t heir heads are raised up. And We have put a barrier before t hem) t hat is a parable t hat Allah gave for t heir deviat ion and hindrance from guidance.

Ka` b Al-Ahbar Embraces Islam Upon Hearing this Ayah [4:47] It was report ed t hat Ka` b Al-Ahbar became Muslim when he heard t his Ayah 4:47 . Ibn Jarir recorded t hat ` Isa bin Al-Mughirah said: We were wit h Ibrahim when we t alked about t he t ime when Ka` b became Muslim. He said, ` Ka` b became Muslim during t he reign of ` Umar, for he passed by Al-Madinah int ending t o visit Jerusalem, and ` Umar said t o him, "Embrace Islam, O Ka` b.' Ka` b said, ` Do you not read in your Book,

びり∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨあ ェ ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ぴ (The likeness of t hose who were ent rust ed wit h t he Tawrah...) 62:5 unt il,

びや⇔ケゅ∠ヘ∇シぺ∠ぴ (Books) I am among t hose who were ent rust ed wit h t he Tawrah.' ` Umar left him alone and Ka` b went on t o Hims (in Syria) and heard one of it s inhabit ant s recit e t his Ayah while feeling sad,

ゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ∠ル ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや べ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ ゅ⇔ワヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ザ ∠ ヨ͡ ∇トルｚ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョ⊥ びべ∠ワゲ͡ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ワキｚ ゲ⊥ レ∠ プ∠ (O you who have been given t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians)! Believe in what We have revealed confirming what is wit h you, before We efface faces and t urn t hem backwards). Ka` b said, ` I believe, O Lord! I embraced Islam, O Lord!' for He feared t hat t his might be st ruck by t his t hreat . He t hen went back t o his family in Yemen and ret urned wit h t hem all as Muslims.'' Allah's st at ement ,

びろ ͡ ∇らジ ｚ ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ べｚレバ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ∇ヤル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ

(or curse t hem as We cursed t he people of t he Sabbat h.) refers t o t hose who breached t he sanct it y of t he Sabbat h, using deceit , for t he purpose of doing more work. Allah changed t hese people int o apes and swine, as we will come t o know in t he explanat ion of Surat Al-A` raf (7). Allah's st at ement ,

びΙ ⇔ ヲ⊥バ∇ヘョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And t he commandment of Allah is always execut ed.) means, when He commands somet hing, t hen no one can disput e or resist His command.

Allah Does not Forgive Shirk, Except After Repenting From it Allah said t hat He,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (forgives not t hat part ners should be set up wit h Him (in worship),) meaning, He does not forgive a servant if he meet s Him while he is associat ing part ners wit h Him,

びマ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ゅ∠ョ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (but He forgives except t hat ) of sins,

び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ぴ (t o whom He wills) of His servant s. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Dharr said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩ヶ͡レゎ∠ ∇ヲィ ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡レゎ∠ ∇ギら∠ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ゅ∠Α ∩∠マΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ヴヤ∠ハ マ ∠ ャ∠ ∀ゲ͡プゅ∠ビ ヶあルみ͡プ∠ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ る⇔ ゃ∠ Β͡トカ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ゆ ͡ や∠ゲボ⊥ よ͡ ヶ͡レわ∠ Β͡ボャ∠ ∇ラま͡ «り∠ゲヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ や∠ゲボ⊥ よ͡ マ ∠ わ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠ ∩ヶ͡よ (Allah said, "O My servant ! As long as you worship and beg Me, I will forgive you, no mat t er your short comings. O My servant ! If you meet Me wit h t he eart h's fill of sin, yet you do not associat e

any part ners wit h Me, I will meet you wit h it s fill of forgiveness.'') Only Ahmad recorded t his Hadit h wit h t his chain of narrat ion. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Dharr said, "I came t o t he Messenger of Allah and he said,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ れ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ｚユを⊥ ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ャ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ギ∃ ∇らハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» «るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∩∠マャ͡ク∠ :

:

«ベ∠ゲシ ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ヴ∠ルコ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ » .

:

:

«ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ ベ ∠ ゲ∠ シ ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ヴ∠ルコ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ » :

«ケ∠ク ヶ͡よぺ∠ ブ ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ユ͡ ∇ビケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠» ("No servant proclaims,` There is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah,' and dies on t hat belief, but will ent er Paradise.'' I said, "Even if he commit t ed adult ery and t heft '' He said, "Even if he commit t ed adult ery and t heft .'' I asked again, "Even if he commit t ed adult ery and t heft '' He said, "Even if he commit t ed adult ery and t heft .'' The fourt h t ime, he said, "Even if Abu Dharr's nose was put in t he dust .'') Abu Dharr depart ed while pulling his Izar and saying, "Even if Abu Dharr's nose was put in t he dust .'' Ever since t hat happened, Abu Dharr used t o narrat e t he Hadit h and t hen comment , "Even if Abu Dharr's nose was put in dust .'' The Two Sahihs recorded t his Hadit h Al-Bazzar recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said, "We used t o refrain from begging (Allah) for forgiveness for t hose who commit maj or sins unt il we heard our Prophet recit ing,

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ゅ∠ョ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ (Verily, Allah forgives not t hat part ners should be set up wit h Him (in worship), but He forgives except t hat (anyt hing else) t o whom He wills;), and his saying,

ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゲ͡ も͡ ゅ∠らム∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワほ∠ャ͡ ヶ͡わハ ∠ ゅ∠ヘセ ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲｚカぺ∠» «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや (I have reserved my int ercession on t he Day of Resurrect ion for t hose among my Ummah who commit maj or sins.)'' Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや ギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and whoever set s up part ners wit h Allah in worship, he has indeed invent ed a t remendous sin.) is similar t o His st at ement ,

び∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ユ∇ヤヌ ⊥ ∠ャ ポ ∠ ∇ゲゼ あ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, j oining ot hers in worship wit h Allah is a great Zulm (wrong) indeed.) In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Ibn Mas` ud said, "I said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Which is t he great est sin' He said,

«マ∠ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ や６ギル͡ ぶ ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠» (To make a rival wit h Allah, while He Alone creat ed you.)''

ヴあミゴ∠ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ よ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲぁミゴ∠ Α⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ブ ∠ Β∠ミ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルや - Κ ⇔ Β͡わプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ - ゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁ ゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚトャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ∇らイ ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ -Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ン∠ギ∇ワぺ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠

ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ͡ バ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ (49. Have you not seen t hose who claim sanct it y for t hemselves Nay, but Allah sanct ifies whom He wills, and t hey will not be dealt wit h inj ust ice even equal t o t he ext ent of a Fat il.) (50. Look, how t hey invent a lie against Allah, and enough is t hat as a manifest sin.) (51. Have you not seen t hose who were given a port ion of t he Script ure They believe in Jibt and Taghut and say t o t hose who disbelieve, "These people are bet t er guided on t he way, '' t han t he believers.) (52. They are t hose whom Allah has cursed, and he whom Allah curses, you will not find for him (any) helper.)

Chastising and Cursing the Jews for Claiming Purity for Themselves and Believing in Jibt and Taghut Al-Hasan and Qat adah said, "This Ayah,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲぁミゴ∠ Α⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Have you not seen t hose who claim sanct it y for t hemselves) was revealed about t he Jews and Christ ians when t hey said, ` We are Allah's children and His loved ones.''' Ibn Zayd also said, "This Ayah was revealed concerning t heir st at ement ,

びロ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅｚらェ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ￢⊥ ゅ∠レ∇よぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ぴ (We are t he children of Allah and His loved ones) and t heir st at ement ,

びン∠ゲ⇒∠ダル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔キヲ⊥ワ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ リ∠ャぴ (None shall ent er Paradise unless he be a Jew or a Christ ian).'' This is why Allah said,

び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヴあミゴ∠ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ よ∠ ぴ (Nay, but Allah sanct ifies whom He wills,) meaning, t he decision in t his mat t er is wit h Allah Alone, because He has perfect knowledge of t he t rue realit y and secret s of all t hings. Allah t hen said,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡わプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And t hey will not be dealt wit h inj ust ice even equal t o t he ext ent of a Fat il, ) meaning, He does no inj ust ice wit h anyone's compensat ion in any part of his reward, even if it was t he weight of a Fat il. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, ` At a', Al-Hasan, Qat adah and ot hers among t he Salaf said t hat Fat il means, "The scalish t hread in t he long slit of t he dat e-st one.'' Allah said,

びゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ブ ∠ Β∠ミ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルやぴ (Look, how t hey invent a lie against Allah,) claiming purit y for t hemselves, t heir claim t hat t hey are Allah's children and His loved ones, t heir st at ement ;

びン∠ゲ⇒∠ダル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔キヲ⊥ワ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ リ∠ャぴ (None shall ent er Paradise unless he be a Jew or a Christ ian) t heir st at ement ;

びれ ∃ キ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇バョｚ ゅ⇔ョゅｚΑぺ∠ Ι ∠ ま͡ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠レジ ｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ャぴ (The Fire shall not t ouch us but for a number of days) and t heir reliance on t he right eous deeds of t heir forefat hers. Allah has decreed t hat t he good act ions of t he fat hers do not help t he children, when He said,

びユ⊥わ∇らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ムャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ (That was a nat ion who has passed away. They shall receive t he reward of what t hey earned and you of what you earn). Allah t hen said,

びゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁ ゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and enough is t hat as a manifest sin. ) meaning, t hese lies and fabricat ions of t heirs are sufficent . Allah's st at ement ,

ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ びれ ͡ ヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚトャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ∇らイ ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ (Have you not seen t hose who were given a port ion of t he Script ure They believe in Jibt and Taghut ). Muhammad bin Ishaq said from Hassan bin Fa'id t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said, "Jibt is sorcery and Taghut is t he Shayt an.'' Abu Nasr Isma` il bin Hammad Al-Jawhari, t he renowned scholar, said in his book As-Sihah, "Al-Jibt means idol, soot hsayer and sorcerer.'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah was asked about Taghut , and he said, "They are soot hsayers

upon whom t he devils descend.'' Muj ahid said "Taghut is a devil in t he shape of man, and t hey refer t o him for j udgment .'' Imam Malik said, "Taghut is every obj ect t hat is worshipped inst ead of Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored.''

Disbelievers Are not Better Guided Than Believers Allah said,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ン∠ギ∇ワぺ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ (and say t o t hose who disbelieve, "These people are bet t er guided on t he way," t han t he believers.) preferring t he disbelievers over Muslims, because of t heir ignorance, un-religious nat ure and disbelief in Allah's Book which is before t hem. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Ikrimah said, "Huyay bin Akht ab and Ka` b bin Al-Ashraf (t wo Jewish leaders) came t o t he people of Makkah, who said t o t hem, ` You (Jews) are people of t he Book and knowledge, so j udge us and Muhammad.' They said, ` Describe yourselves and describe Muhammad.' They said, ` We keep relat ion wit h kit h and kin, slaught er camels (for t he poor), release t he indebt ed and provide wat er for t he pilgrims. As for Muhammad he is wit hout male children, he severed our relat ions, and t he t hieves who rob pilgrims (t he t ribe of) Ghifar follow him. So who is bet t er, we or him' They said, ` You are more right eous and bet t er guided.' Thereaft er, Allah sent down,

びゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴャ∠ま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Have you not seen t hose who were given a port ion).'' This st ory was also report ed from Ibn ` Abbas and several ot hers among t he Salaf. Allah's Curse on t he Jews This Ayah 4:52 cont ains a curse for t he Jews and informs t hem t hat t hey have no support er in t his life or t he Hereaft er, because t hey sought t he help of t he idolat ors. They ut t ered t his st at ement in Ayah 4:51 t o lure t he disbelievers int o support ing t hem, and t hey ult imat ely gat hered t heir forces for t he bat t le of Al-Ahzab, forcing t he Prophet and his Companions t o dig a defensive t unnel around AlMadinah. But , Allah saved t he Muslims from t heir evil,

や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠レΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヌ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや キｚ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ⇔Α∂ヲ͡ ホ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ び や⇔ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ (And Allah drove back t hose who disbelieved in t heir rage, t hey gained no advant age (boot y). Allah sufficed for t he believers in t he fight ing. And Allah is Ever All-St rong, All-Might y).

サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ や⇔ク͡みプ∠ マ ͡ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ル ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギジ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ボル∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ や∠￢ べ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ゅ⇔ム∇ヤョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ イ ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ び や⇔ゲΒ͡バシ ∠ (53. Or have t hey a share in t he dominion Then in t hat case t hey would not give mankind even a Naqir.) (54. Or do t hey envy men for what Allah has given t hem of His bount y Then, We have already given t he family of Ibrahim t he Book and Al-Hikmah, and conferred upon t hem a great kingdom.) (55. Of t hem were (some) who believed in it , and of t hem were (some) who rej ect ed it ; and enough is Hell for burning (t hem).)

The Envy and Miserly Conduct of the Jews Allah asked t he Jews if t hey have a share in t he dominion. That is merely a st at ement of rebuke, since t hey do not have any share in t he dominion. Allah t hen described t hem as misers,

びや⇔ゲΒ͡ボル∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ や⇔ク͡みプ∠ ぴ (Then in t hat case t hey would not give mankind even a Naqir.) Meaning, if t hey had a share in t he sovereignt y and dominion, t hey would not give anyone anyt hing, especially Muhammad , even if it was t he speck on t he back of a dat e-st one, which is t he meaning of Naqir according t o Ibn ` Abbas and t he maj orit y of t he scholars. This Ayah is similar t o anot her of Allah's st at ement s,

や⇔クま͡ ヴあよケ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ リ ∠ も͡ へ∠ゴカ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムヤ͡∇ヨゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ヲャｚ モ⊥ホぴ びベ ͡ ゅ∠ヘルΗ ͡ や る∠ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ムジ ∠ ∇ョΕ (Say: "If you possessed t he t reasure of t he mercy of my Lord, t hen you would surely wit hold it out of fear of spending it .) meaning, for fear t hat what you have might end, alt hough t here is no such possibilit y here. This only demonst rat es t heir greedy and st ingy nat ure. This is why Allah said,

びや⇔ケヲ⊥わホ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And man is ever Qat ur) meaning Bakhil (st ingy). Allah t hen said,

リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギジ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ びヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ (Or do t hey envy men for what Allah has given t hem of His Bount y) referring t o t heir envy of t he Prophet for t he great prophet hood t hat Allah ent rust ed him wit h. Their envy made t hem rej ect him, because he was an Arab and not from t he Children of Israel. At -Tabarani recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

びサ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギジ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or do t hey envy men) means, "We are t he wort hy people, rat her t han t he rest of t he people.'' Allah said,

る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ や∠￢ べ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ゅ⇔ム∇ヤョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ (Then, We have already given t he family of Ibrahim t he Book and Al-Hikmah, and conferred upon t hem a great kingdom.) meaning, We gave t he prophet hood t o t he t ribes of t he Children of Israel, who are among t he offspring of Ibrahim and sent down t he Books t o t hem. These Prophet s ruled t he Jews wit h t he prophet ic t radit ion, and We made kings among t hem. Yet ,

びヮ͡ よ͡ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ぴ (Of t hem were (some) who believed in it ;) referring t o Allah's favor and bount y (Prophet s, Books, kingship),

びヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and of t hem were (some) who rej ect ed it ) by disbelieving in it , ignoring it , and hindering t he people from it s pat h, alt hough t his bount y was from and for t hem, t he Children of Israel. They disput ed wit h t heir own Prophet s; so what about you, O Muhammad , especially since you are not from t he Children of Israel Muj ahid said,

びヮ͡ よ͡ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ぴ (Of t hem were (some) who believed in him ,) "Muhammad ,

びヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and of t hem were (some) who rej ect ed him .)'' Therefore, O Muhammad, t he rej ect ion of you because of t heir disbelief is even more severe and t hey are even furt her from t he t rut h t hat you brought t hem. This is why Allah t hreat ened t hem,

びや⇔ゲΒ͡バシ ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ イ ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and enough is Hell for burning (t hem).), meaning, t he Fire is a j ust punishment for t hem because of t heir disbelief, rebellion and defiance of Allah's Books and Messengers.

ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ヤ∇ダル⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グΒ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ や⇔キヲ⊥ヤィ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャギｚ よ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤィ ⊥ ∇ろイ ∠ツ ͡ ル∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ や⇔ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギレ⊥ シ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤニ ∠ Κ ６ ⇒͡ニ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギル⊥ ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ヰｚ ト ∠ ョぁ ァ ∀ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ (56. Surely, t hose who disbelieved in Our Ayat , We shall burn t hem in Fire. As oft en as t heir skins are roast ed t hrough, We shall change t hem for ot her skins t hat t hey may t ast e t he punishment . Truly, Allah is Ever Most Powerful, All-Wise.) e(57. But t hose who believe and do deeds of right eousness, We shall admit t hem t o Gardens under which rivers flow (Paradise), abiding t herein forever. Therein t hey shall have Azwaj un Mut ahharat un (purified mat es), and We shall admit t hem t o shades, wide and ever deepening.)

The Punishment of Those Who Disbelieve in Allah's Books and Messengers

Allah describes t he t orment in t he Fire of Jahannam for t hose who disbelieve in His Ayat and hinder from t he pat h of His Messengers. Allah said,

びゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, t hose who disbelieved in Our Ayat ,) meaning, We will place t hem in t he Fire which will encompass every part of t heir bodies. Allah t hen st at es t hat t heir punishment and t orment are everlast ing,

ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ や⇔キヲ⊥ヤィ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャギｚ よ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤィ ⊥ ∇ろイ ∠ツ ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ びゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グΒ∠ ャ͡ (We shall burn t hem in Fire. As oft en as t heir skins are roast ed t hrough, We shall change t hem for ot her skins t hat t hey may t ast e t he punishment ). Al-A` mash said t hat Ibn ` Umar said, "When t heir skin are burned, t hey will be given anot her skin in replacement , and t his skin will be as whit e as paper.'' This was collect ed by Ibn Abi Hat im, who also recorded t hat Al-Hasan said,

び∇ユワ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤィ ⊥ ∇ろイ ∠ツ ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ (As oft en as t heir skins are roast ed t hrough,) "Their skin will be roast ed t hrough, sevent y t housand t imes every day.'' Husayn said; Fudayl added t hat Hisham said t hat Al-Hasan also said t hat ,

び∇ユワ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤィ ⊥ ∇ろイ ∠ツ ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ (As oft en as t heir skins are roast ed t hrough, ) means, "Whenever t he Fire has roast ed t hem t hrough and consumed t heir flesh, t hey will be t old, ` Go back as you were before,' and t hey will.''

The Wealth of the Righteous; Paradise and its Joy Allah said,

∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギレ⊥ シ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ びや⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ (But t hose who believe and do deeds of right eousness, We shall admit t hem t o Gardens under which rivers flow (Paradise), abiding t herein forever.) describing t he dest inat ion of t he happy ones in t he gardens of Eden, beneat h which rivers flow in all of it s areas, spaces and corners, wherever t hey desire and wish. They will reside in it for et ernit y, and t hey will not be t ransferred or removed from it , nor would t hey want t o move from it . Allah said,

びり∀ ゲ∠ ヰｚ ト ∠ ョぁ ァ ∀ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚぴ (Therein t hey shall have Azwaj un Mut ahharat un (purified mat es),) free of menst ruat ion, post nat al bleeding, filt h, bad manners and short comings. Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah means, "They are purified of filt h and foul t hings.'' Similar was said by ` At a', Al-Hasan, Ad-Dahhak, AnNakha` i, Abu Salih, ` At iyah, and As-Suddi. Muj ahid said t hat t hey are, free of urine, menst ruat ion, spit , mucous and pregnancies.'' Allah's st at ement ,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤニ ∠ Κ ６ ⇒͡ニ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We shall admit t hem t o shades, wide and ever deepening (Paradise).) means, wide, ext ensive, pure and elegant shade. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,

ゅ∠ヰヤあ͡ニ ヶ͡プ ょ ⊥ ミ͡ やｚゲャや ゲ⊥ Β͡ジΑ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ イ ∠ゼ ∠ ャ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡» «ギ∇ヤガ ⊥ ∇ャや り∠ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ :ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ュ∃ ゅハ ∠ る∠ も∠ ゅ͡ョ (There is a t ree in Paradise, t hat if a rider t ravels under it s shade for a hundred years, he will not cross it . It is t he Tree of Everlast ing Life.)

ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レ⇒∠ヨェ ∠ Ιや ∇やヱぁキぽ⊥ゎ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ メ ͡ ∇ギバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ∇エゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨム∠ ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヌ ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ゅｚヨ͡バ͡ル

(58. Verily, Allah commands t hat you should render back t he t rust s t o t hose, t o whom t hey are due; and t hat when you j udge bet ween men, you j udge wit h j ust ice. Verily, how excellent is t he t eaching which He (Allah) gives you! Truly, Allah is Ever All-Hearer, All-Seer.)

The Command to Return the Trusts to Whomever They Are Due Allah commands t hat t he t rust s be ret urned t o t heir right ful owners. Al-Hasan narrat ed t hat Samurah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«マ∠ルゅ∠カ ∇リョ∠ ∇リガ ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠マレ∠ ヨ∠ わ∠ ∇もや リ ͡ ョ∠ ヴャ͡ま る∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョほ∠∇ャや キあ ぺ∠» (Ret urn t he t rust t o t hose who ent rust ed you, and do not bet ray t hose who bet rayed you.) Imam Ahmad and t he collect ors of Sunan recorded t his Hadit h. This command refers t o all t hings t hat one is expect ed t o look aft er, such as Allah's right s on His servant s: praying, Zakah, fast ing, penalt ies for sins, vows and so fort h. The command also includes t he right s of t he servant s on each ot her, such as what t hey ent rust each ot her wit h, including t he cases t hat are not recorded or document ed. Allah commands t hat all t ypes of t rust s be fulfillled. Those who do not implement t his command in t his life, it will be ext ract ed from t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion. It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

り͡ ゅｚゼヤ͡ャ ｚゾわ∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴャ͡ま ベ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボエ ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ キｚ ∠ぽわ⊥ ∠ャ» «￢ゅ∠ル∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ￢͡ ゅｚヨイ ∠ ∇ャや (The right s will be rendered back t o t hose t o whom t hey are due, and even t he sheep t hat does not have horns will t ake revenge from t he horned sheep.) Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn Jurayj said about t his Ayah, "It was revealed concerning ` Ut hman bin Talhah from whom t he Messenger of Allah t ook t he key of t he Ka` bah and ent ered it on t he Day of t he vict ory of Makkah. When t he Prophet went out , he was recit ing t his Ayah,

びゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レ⇒∠ヨェ ∠ Ιや ∇やヱぁキぽ⊥ゎ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah commands t hat you should render back t he t rust s t o t hose, t o whom t hey are due). He t hen called ` Ut hman and gave t he key back t o him.'' Ibn Jarir also narrat ed t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said, "When t he Messenger of Allah went out of t he Ka` bah, he was recit ing t his Ayah,

びゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レ⇒∠ヨェ ∠ Ιや ∇やヱぁキぽ⊥ゎ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah commands t hat you should render back t he t rust s t o t hose, t o whom t hey are due). May I sacrifice my fat her and mot her for him, I never heard him recit e t his Ayah before t hat .'' It is popular t hat t his is t he reason behind revealing t he Ayah (4:58). Yet , t he applicat ion

of t he Ayah is general, and t his is why Ibn ` Abbas and Muhammad bin Al-Hanafiyyah said, "This Ayah is for t he right eous and wicked,'' meaning it is a command t hat encompasses everyone.

The Order to Be Just Allah said,

びメ ͡ ∇ギバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ∇エゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨム∠ ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat when you j udge bet ween men, you j udge wit h j ust ice.) commanding j ust ice when j udging bet ween people. Muhammad bin Ka` b, Zayd bin Aslam and Shahr bin Hawshab said; "This Ayah was revealed about t hose in aut horit y'', meaning t hose who j udge bet ween people. A Hadit h st at es,

ヮ⊥ ヤ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∇ゲイ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ͡ ミ͡ ゅ∠エ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» «ヮ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヴャ͡ま ぶ ⊥ や (Allah is wit h t he j udge as long as he does not commit inj ust ice, for when he does, Allah will make him reliant on himself.) A st at ement goes, "One day of j ust ice equals fort y years of worship.'' Allah said,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヌ ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ゅｚヨバ͡ ル͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, how excellent is t he t eaching which He (Allah) gives you!) meaning, His commands t o ret urn t he t rust s t o t heir owners, t o j udge bet ween people wit h j ust ice, and all of His complet e, perfect and great commandment s and laws. Allah's st at ement ,

びや⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, Allah is Ever All-Hearer, All-Seer.) means, He hears your st at ement s and knows your act ions.

∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ハコ∠ ゅ∠レゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや

ラ ∠ ヲレ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ ヱぁキゲ⊥ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ びΚ ⇔ Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ (59. O you who believe! Obey Allah and obey t he Messenger, and t hose of you who are in aut horit y. If you differ in anyt hing among yourselves, refer it t o Allah and His Messenger, if you believe in Allah and in t he Last Day. That is bet t er and more suit able for final det erminat ion.)

The Necessity of Obeying the Rulers in Obedience to Allah Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah,

ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ (Obey Allah and obey t he Messenger, and t hose of you who are in aut horit y.) "Was revealed about ` Abdullah bin Hudhafah bin Qays bin ` Adi, who t he Messenger of Allah sent on a milit ary expedit ion.'' This st at ement was collect ed by t he Group, wit h t he except ion of Ibn Maj ah At Tirmidhi said, "Hasan, Gharib''. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Ali said, "The Messenger of Allah sent a t roop under t he command of a man from Al-Ansar. When t hey left , he became angry wit h t hem for some reason and said t o t hem, ` Has not t he Messenger of Allah commanded you t o obey me' They said, ` Yes.' He said, ` Collect some wood,' and t hen he st art ed a fire wit h t he wood, saying, ` I command you t o ent er t he fire.' The people almost ent ered t he fire, but a young man among t hem said, ` You only ran away from t he Fire t o Allah's Messenger. Therefore, do not rush unt il you go back t o Allah's Messenger, and if he commands you t o ent er it , t hen ent er it .' When t hey went back t o Allah's Messenger , t hey t old him what had happened, and t he Messenger said,

る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚトャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∩や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ィゲ∠ カ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ キ∠ ∇ヲャ∠» «フヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ (Had you ent ered it , you would never have depart ed from it . Obedience is only in right eousness.)'' This Hadit h is recorded in t he Two Sahihs. Abu Dawud recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ユ͡ ヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ￢͡ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚトャや∠ヱ ノ⊥ ∇ヨｚジャや» る∃ Β∠ ダ ͡ ∇バヨ∠ よ͡ ゲ∠ ョ͡ ぺ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∃るΒ∠ ダ ͡ ∇バヨ∠ よ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩∠ロゲ͡ ミ∠ ヱ∠ «る∠ハゅ∠デ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ノ∠ ∇ヨシ ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ (The Muslim is required t o hear and obey in t hat which he likes and dislikes, unless he was commanded t o sin. When he is commanded wit h sin, t hen t here is no hearing or obeying.) This Hadit h is recorded in t he Two Sahihs. ` Ubadah bin As-Samit said, "We gave our pledge t o Allah's Messenger t o hear and obey (our leaders), while act ive and ot herwise, in t imes of ease and t imes of difficult y, even if we were deprived of our due shares, and t o not disput e t his mat t er (leadership) wit h it s right ful people. The Prophet said,

ぶ ͡ や リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ∩ゅ⇔ェや∠ヲよ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ や∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡» «ラゅ∠ワ∇ゲよ⊥ (Except when you wit ness clear Kufr about which you have clear proof from Allah.)'' This Hadit h is recorded in t he Two Sahihs. Anot her Hadit h narrat ed by Anas st at es t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヶ ｘゼ ͡ ら∠ ェ ∠ ギ∀ ∇らハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゲ∠ ョあ ぺ⊥ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇シや» «る∠らΒ͡よ∠コ ヮ⊥ シ ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ラ ｚ ほ∠ミ∠ (Hear and obey (your leaders), even if an Et hiopian slave whose head is like a raisin, is made your chief.) Al-Bukhari recorded t his Hadit h. Umm Al-Husayn said t hat she heard t he Messenger of Allah giving a speech during t he Farewell Haj j , in which he said;

∩͡ぶや ゆ ͡ ゅ∠わム͡ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∀ギ∇らハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ∇バわ⊥ ∇シや ヲ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ » «やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇シや (Even if a slave was appoint ed over you, and he rules you wit h Allah's Book, t hen list en t o him and obey him.) Muslim recorded t his Hadit h. In anot her narrat ion wit h Muslim, t he Prophet said,

«ゅ⇔ハヱ⊥ギ∇イョ∠ ゅ６Βゼ ͡ ら∠ ェ ∠ や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠»

(Even if an Et hiopian slave, whose nose was mut ilat ed...) In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡ルゅ∠ダハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ぶや ネ ∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡レハ ∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ∩ヶ͡レハ ∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヵ͡ゲΒ͡ョぺ∠ ネ ∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ぶや ヴ∠ダハ ∠ «ヶ͡ルゅ∠ダハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヵ͡ゲΒ͡ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ダハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ (Whoever obeys me, obeys Allah, and whoever disobeys me, disobeys Allah. Whoever obeys my commander, obeys me, and whoever disobeys my commander, disobeys me.) This is why Allah said,

びヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ぴ (Obey Allah), adhere t o His Book,

びメ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and obey t he Messenger), adhere t o his Sunnah,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hose of you who are in aut horit y) in t he obedience t o Allah which t hey command you, not what const it ut es disobedience of Allah, for t here is no obedience t o anyone in disobedience t o Allah, as we ment ioned in t he aut hent ic Hadit h,

«フヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚトャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡» (Obedience is only in right eousness.)

The Necessity of Referring to the Qur'an and Sunnah for Judgment Allah said,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ ヱぁキゲ⊥ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ハコ∠ ゅ∠レゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ びメ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ

((And) if you differ in anyt hing amongst yourselves, refer it t o Allah and His Messenger). Muj ahid and several ot hers among t he Salaf said t hat t he Ayah means, "(Refer) t o t he Book of Allah and t he Sunnah of His Messenger.'' This is a command from Allah t hat what ever areas t he people disput e about , whet her maj or or minor areas of t he religion, t hey are required t o refer t o t he Qur'an and Sunnah for j udgment concerning t hese disput es. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇ムエ ⊥ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And in what soever you differ, t he decision t hereof is wit h Allah). Therefore, what ever t he Book and Sunnah decide and t est ify t o t he t rut h of , t hen it , is t he plain t rut h. What is beyond t rut h, save falsehood This is why Allah said, u

びゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まぴ (if you believe in Allah and in t he Last Day.) meaning, refer t he disput es and conflict s t hat arise bet ween you t o t he Book of Allah and t he Sunnah of His Messenger for j udgment . Allah's st at ement ,

びゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まぴ (if you believe in Allah and in t he Last Day. ) indicat es t hat t hose who do not refer t o t he Book and Sunnah for j udgment in t heir disput es, are not believers in Allah or t he Last Day. Allah said,

び∀ゲ∇Β∠カ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That is bet t er) meaning, referring t o t he Book of Allah and t he Sunnah of His Messenger for j udgment in various disput es is bet t er,

びΚ ⇔ Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and more suit able for final det erminat ion.) meaning, "Has a bet t er end and dest inat ion,'' as AsSuddi and several ot hers have st at ed while Muj ahid said, "Carries a bet t er reward.''

メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨハ ⊥ ∇ゴΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ヨミ∠ ゅ∠エわ∠ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚトャや ヴ∠ャま͡

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - や⇔ギΒ͡バよ∠ Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ｚヤツ ͡ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ へ∠クま͡ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ - や⇔キヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ マ ∠ レ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Α∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀るら∠ Β͡ダョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ - ゅ⇔ボΒ͡プ∇ヲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ジ∇ェま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ル∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΑ∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ び ゅ⇔ピΒ͡ヤよ∠ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ モ⊥ホヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヌハ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ (60. Have you not seen t hose (hyprocrit es) who claim t hat t hey believe in t hat which has been sent down t o you, and t hat which was sent down before you, and t hey wish t o go for j udgment (in t heir disput es) t o t he Taghut while t hey have been ordered t o rej ect t hem. But Shayt an wishes t o lead t hem far ast ray. ) (61. And when it is said t o t hem: "Come t o what Allah has sent down and t o t he Messenger,'' you see t he hypocrit es t urn away from you wit h aversion.) (62. How t hen, when a cat ast rophe befalls t hem because of what t heir hands have sent fort h, t hey come t o you swearing by Allah, "We meant no more t han goodwill and conciliat ion!'') (63. They (hypocrit es) are t hose of whom Allah knows what is in t heir heart s; so t urn aside from t hem (do not punish t hem) but admonish t hem, and speak t o t hem an effect ive word t o reach t heir inner selves.)

Referring to Other than the Qur'an and Sunnah for Judgment is Characteristic of Non-Muslims Allah chast ises t hose who claim t o believe in what Allah has sent down t o His Messenger and t o t he earlier Prophet s, yet t hey refer t o ot her t han t he Book of Allah and t he Sunnah of His Messenger for j udgment in various disput es. It was report ed t hat t he reason behind revealing t his Ayah was t hat a man from t he Ansar and a Jew had a disput e, and t he Jew said, "Let us refer t o Muhammad t o j udge bet ween us.'' However, t he Muslim man said, "Let us refer t o Ka` b bin Al-Ashraf (a Jew) t o j udge bet ween us.'' It was also report ed t hat t he Ayah was revealed about some hypocrit es who pret ended t o be Muslims, yet t hey sought t o refer t o t he j udgment of Jahiliyyah. Ot her reasons were also report ed behind t he revelat ion of t he Ayah. However, t he Ayah has a general meaning, as it chast ises all t hose who refrain from referring t o t he Qur'an and Sunnah for j udgment and prefer t he j udgment of what ever t hey chose of falsehood, which befit s t he descript ion of Taghut here. This is why Allah said,

びれ ͡ ヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚトャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨミ∠ ゅ∠エわ∠ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ぴ (and t hey wish t o go for j udgment t o t he Taghut ) unt il t he end of t he Ayah. Allah's st at ement ,

びや⇔キヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ マ ∠ レ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Α∠ ぴ (t urn away from you wit h aversion) means, t hey t urn away from you in arrogance, j ust as Allah described t he polyt heist s,

ノ⊥ ら͡ わｚ ル∠ ∇モよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ (When it is said t o t hem: "Follow what Allah has sent down.'' They say: "Nay! We shall follow what we found our fat hers following.'') This is different from t he conduct of t he fait hful believers, whom Allah describes as,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ハキ⊥ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ びゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ∠ ム⊥ ∇エΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ (The only saying of t he fait hful believers, when t hey are called t o Allah and His Messenger, t o j udge bet ween t hem, is t hat t hey say: "We hear and we obey.'')

Chastising the Hypocrites Chast ising t he hypocrit es, Allah said,

び∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ∀るら∠ Β͡ダョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ぴ (How t hen, when a cat ast rophe befalls t hem because of what t heir hands have sent fort h,) meaning, how about it if t hey feel compelled t o j oin you because of disast ers t hat t hey suffer due t o t heir sins, t hen t hey will be in need of you.

ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ジ∇ェま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ル∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΑ∠ ポ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ ｚユを⊥ ぴ びゅ⇔ボΒ͡プ∇ヲゎ∠ ヱ∠ (They come t o you swearing by Allah, "We meant no more t han goodwill and conciliat ion!'') apologizing and swearing t hat t hey only sought goodwill and reconciliat ion when t hey referred t o ot her t han t he Prophet for j udgment , not t hat t hey believe in such alt ernat ive j udgment , as t hey claim. Allah describes t hese people t o us furt her in His st at ement ,

∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゲ͡ ⇒∠ジΑ⊥ ∀チ∠ゲョｚ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン∠ゲわ∠ プ∠ ぴ びヴ∠ゼ∇ガル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ (And you see t hose in whose heart s t here is a disease (of hypocrisy), t hey hurry t o t heir friendship, saying: "We fear''), unt il,

びリ ∠ Β͡ョギ͡ ⇒∠ル ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱぁゲシ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エら͡ ∇ダΒ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (Then t hey will become regret ful for what t hey have been keeping as a secret in t hemselves). At -Tabarani recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Abu Barzah Al-Aslami used t o be a soot hsayer who j udged bet ween t he Jews in t heir disput es. When some Muslims came t o him t o j udge bet ween t hem, Allah sent down,

メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨハ ⊥ ∇ゴΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ びマ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ (Have you not seen t hose (hyprocrit es) who claim t hat t hey believe in t hat which has been sent down t o you, and t hat which was sent down before you), unt il,

びゅ⇔ボΒ͡プ∇ヲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ジ∇ェま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ル∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ぴ ("We meant no more t han goodwill and conciliat ion!'') Allah t hen said,

び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺぴ (They (hypocrit es) are t hose of whom Allah knows what is in t heir heart s;) These people are hypocrit es, and Allah knows what is in t heir heart s and will punish t hem accordingly, for not hing escapes Allah's wat ch. Consequent ly, O Muhammad! Let Allah be sufficient for you in t his regard, because He has perfect knowledge of t heir apparent and hidden affairs. This is why Allah said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ ぴ (so t urn aside from t hem (do not punish t hem)) meaning, do not punish t hem because of what is in t heir heart s.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヌハ ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (but admonish t hem) means, advise t hem against t he hypocrisy and evil t hat reside in t heir heart s,

びゅ⇔ピΒ͡ヤよ∠ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ モ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ (and speak t o t hem an effect ive word t o reach t heir inner selves) advise t hem, bet ween you and t hem, using effect ive words t hat might benefit t hem.

∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ネ ∠ ゅ∠トΒ⊥ ャ͡ Ι ｚまメ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ポ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ｚ ク͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ ゅ⇔よやｚヲゎ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠ィ∠ヲ∠ャ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨムあ エ ∠ Α⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヱ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ゅ⇔ィ∠ゲェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ルぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤ∇ジゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤあジ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ (64. We sent no Messenger, but t o be obeyed by Allah's leave. If t hey, when t hey were unj ust t o t hemselves, had come t o you and begged Allah's forgiveness, and t he Messenger had begged forgiveness for t hem, indeed, t hey would have found Allah All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (65. But no, by your Lord, t hey can have no fait h, unt il t hey make you j udge in all disput es bet ween t hem, and find in t hemselves no resist ance against your decisions, and accept (t hem) wit h full submission.)

The Necessity of Obeying the Messenger Allah said,

びネ ∠ ゅ∠トΒ⊥ ャ͡ Ι ｚ まメ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (We sent no Messenger, but t o be obeyed) meaning, obeying t he Prophet was ordained for t hose t o whom Allah sends t he Prophet . Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ク⊥ み͡よ͡ ぴ (by Allah's leave) means, "None shall obey, except by My leave,'' according t o Muj ahid. This Ayah indicat es t hat t he Prophet s are only obeyed by whomever Allah direct s t o obedience. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,

びヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲぁジエ ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇クま͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah did indeed fulfill His promise t o you when you were killing t hem (your enemy) wit h His permission) meaning, by His command, decree, will and because He grant ed you superiorit y over t hem. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ｚ ク͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (If t hey (hypocrit es), when t hey had been unj ust t o t hemselves,) direct s t he sinners and evildoers, when t hey commit errors and mist akes, t o come t o t he Messenger , so t hat t hey ask Allah for forgiveness in his presence and ask him t o supplicat e t o Allah t o forgive t hem. If t hey do t his, Allah will forgive t hem and award t hem His mercy and pardon. This is why Allah said,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ ゅ⇔よやｚヲゎ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠ィ∠ヲ∠ャぴ (t hey would have found Allah All-Forgiving (One Who forgives and accept s repent ance), Most Merciful).

One Does not Become a Believer Unless He Refers to the Messenger for Judgment and Submits to his Decisions Allah said,

ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨムあ エ ∠ Α⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヱ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ (But no, by your Lord, t hey can have no fait h, unt il t hey make you j udge in all disput es bet ween t hem,) Allah swears by His Glorious, Most Honorable Self, t hat no one shall at t ain fait h unt il he refers t o t he Messenger for j udgment in all mat t ers. Thereaft er, what ever t he Messenger commands, is t he plain t rut h t hat must be submit t ed t o inwardly and out wardly. Allah said,

ろ ∠ ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ゅ⇔ィ∠ゲェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤ∇ジゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤあジ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ (and find in t hemselves no resist ance against your decisions, and accept (t hem) wit h full submission.) meaning: t hey adhere t o your j udgment , and t hus do not feel any hesit at ion over your decision, and t hey submit t o it inwardly and out wardly. They submit t o t he Prophet 's decision wit h t ot al submission wit hout any rej ect ion, denial or disput e. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Urwah said, "Az-Zubayr quarreled wit h a man about a st ream which bot h of t hem used for irrigat ion. Allah's Messenger said t o Az-Zubayr,

«ポ͡ケゅ∠ィ ヴャ͡ま ￢∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや モ ͡シ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βよ∠ コ⊥ ゅ∠Α ペ ͡ ∇シや» (O Zubayr! Irrigat e (your garden) first , and t hen let t he wat er flow t o your neighbor.) The Ansari became angry and said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Is it because he is your cousin' On t hat , t he face of Allah's Messenger changed color (because of anger) and said,

ヴ∠ャま͡ ノ∠ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ザ ͡ ら͡ ∇ェや ｚユを⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βよ∠ コ⊥ ゅ∠Α ペ ͡ ∇シや» «ポ͡ケゅ∠ィ ヴャ͡ま ￢∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや モ ͡シ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡ケ∇ギイ ∠ ∇ャや (Irrigat e (your garden), O Zubayr, and t hen wit hhold t he wat er unt il it reaches t he walls (surrounding t he palms). Then, release t he wat er t o your neighbor.) So, Allah's Messenger gave Az-Zubayr his full right when t he Ansari made him angry. Before t hat , Allah's Messenger had given a generous j udgment , beneficial for Az-Zubayr and t he Ansari. Az-Zubayr said, ` I t hink t he following verse was revealed concerning t hat case,

ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨムあ エ ∠ Α⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヱ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ (But no, by your Lord, t hey can have no fait h, unt il t hey make you (O Muhammad ) j udge in all disput es bet ween t hem.)''' Anot her Reason In his Tafsir, Al-Hafiz Abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin ` AbdurRahman bin Ibrahim bin Duhaym recorded t hat Damrah narrat ed t hat t wo men t ook t heir disput e t o t he Prophet , and he gave a j udgment t o t he benefit of whoever among t hem had t he right . The person who lost t he disput e said, "I do not agree.'' The ot her person asked him, "What do you want t hen'' He said, "Let us go t o Abu Bakr As-Siddiq.'' They went t o Abu Bakr and t he person who won t he disput e said, "We went t o t he Prophet wit h our disput e and he issued a decision in my favor.'' Abu Bakr said, "Then t he decision is t hat which t he Messenger of Allah issued.'' The person who lost t he disput e st ill rej ect ed t he decision and said, "Let us go t o ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab.'' When t hey went t o ` Umar, t he person who won t he disput e said, "We t ook our disput e t o t he Prophet and he decided in my favor, but t his man refused t o submit t o t he decision.'' ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab asked t he second man and he concurred. ` Umar went t o

his house and emerged from it holding aloft his sword. He st ruck t he head of t he man who rej ect ed t he Prophet 's decision wit h t he sword and killed him. Consequent ly, Allah revealed,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヱ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (But no, by your Lord, t hey can have no fait h).

ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇カや ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∠ラゅ∠ム∠ャ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ べ⇒ｚルギ⊥ ャｚ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠ゎΙ ∂ や⇔ク͡まヱ∠ - ゅ⇔わΒ͡ら∇んゎ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ノ͡ ト ͡ Α⊥ リョ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ゅ⇔デ∠ゲタ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ヰ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョあ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ノ∠ ョ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ジ ⊥ェ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ ￢͡ へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ボΑあギダ あ ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ モ ⊥ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク - ゅ⇔ボΒ͡プケ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ (66. And if We had ordered t hem (saying), "Kill yourselves (i.e. t he innnocent ones kill t he guilt y ones) or leave your homes,'' very few of t hem would have done it ; but if t hey had done what t hey were t old, it would have been bet t er for t hem, and would have st rengt hened t heir convict ion;) (67. And indeed We would t hen have best owed upon t hem a great reward from Ourselves.) (68. And indeed We would have guided t hem t o t he st raight way.) (69. And whoever obeys Allah and t he Messenger, t hen t hey will be in t he company of t hose on whom Allah has best owed His grace, of t he Prophet s, t he Siddiqin, t he mart yrs, and t he right eous. And how excellent t hese companions are!) (70. Such is t he bount y from Allah, and Allah is sufficient as All-Knower.)

Most People Disobey What They Are Ordered Allah st at es t hat even if t he people were commanded t o commit what t hey were prohibit ed from doing, most of t hem would not submit t o t his command, for t heir wicked nat ure is such t hat t hey disput e orders. Allah has complet e knowledge of what has not occured, and how it would be if and when it did occur. This is why Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And if We had ordered t hem (saying), "Kill yourselves (i.e. t he innnocent ones kill t he guilt y ones)) unt il t he end of t he Ayah. This is why Allah said,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (but if t hey had done what t hey were t old,) meaning, if t hey do what t hey were commanded and refrain from what t hey were prohibit ed,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ｚャ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムャ∠ぴ (it would have been bet t er for t hem,) t han disobeying t he command and commit t ing t he prohibit ion,

びゅ⇔わΒ͡ら∇んゎ∠ ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and would have st rengt hened t heir convict ion), st ronger Tasdiq (convict ion of fait h), according t o As-Suddi.

びべ⇒ｚルギ⊥ ャｚ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒レ∠ ∇Βゎ∠ Ι ∂ や⇔ク͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed We should t hen have best owed upon t hem from Ladunna) from Us,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ぴ (A great reward), Paradise,

び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ゅ⇔デ∠ゲタ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ヰ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed We should have guided t hem t o t he st raight way.) in t his life and t he Hereaft er.

Whoever Obeys Allah and His Messenger Will Be Honored by Allah Allah t hen said,

ユ∠ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ノ∠ ョ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ノ͡ ト ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ￢͡ へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ボΑあギダ あ ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや び ゅ⇔ボΒ͡プケ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ジ ⊥ェ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ (And whoever obeys Allah and t he Messenger, t hen t hey will be in t he company of t hose on whom Allah has best owed His grace, of t he Prophet s, t he Siddiqin, t he mart yrs, and t he right eous. And how excellent t hese companions are!) Consequent ly, whosoever implement s what Allah and His Messenger have commanded him and avoids what Allah and His Messenger have prohibit ed, t hen Allah will grant him a dwelling in t he Residence of Honor. There, Allah will place him in t he company of t he Prophet s, and t hose who are lesser in grade, t he t rue believers, t hen t he mart yrs and t hen t he right eous, who are right eous inwardly and out wardly. Allah t hen praised t his company,

びゅ⇔ボΒ͡プケ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ジ ⊥ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And how excellent t hese companions are!) Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゲ∠ Βあ カ ⊥ ゅｚャま͡ チ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヶ ∠ ら͡ ル∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» «り∠ゲカ ͡ べ∇ャや∠ヱ (Every Prophet who falls ill is given t he choice bet ween t his life and t he Hereaft er.) During t he illness t hat preceded his deat h, his voice became weak and I heard him saying,

リ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ノ∠ ョ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Βエ ͡ ヤ͡⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ ￢͡ へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ボΑあギダ あ ャや∠ヱ (in t he company of t hose on whom Allah has best owed His grace, t he Prophet s, t he t rue believers (Siddiqin), t he mart yrs and t he right eous) I knew t hen t hat he was being given t he choice.'' Muslim recorded t his Hadit h. This Hadit h explains t he meaning of anot her Hadit h; t he Prophet said before his deat h;

«ヴ∠ヤ∇ハほ∠∇ャや ペ ͡ Β͡プゲｚ ャや (ヶ͡プ) ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» (O Allah! In t he Most High Company) t hree t imes, and he t hen died, may Allah's best blessings be upon him.

The Reason Behind Revealing this Honorable Ayah Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "An Ansari man came t o t he Messenger of Allah while feeling sad. The Prophet said t o him, ` Why do I see you sad' He said, ` O Allah's Prophet ! I was cont emplat ing about somet hing.' The Prophet said, ` What is it ' The Ansari said, ` We come t o you day and night , looking at your face and sit t ing by you. Tomorrow, you will be raised wit h t he Prophet s, and we will not be able t o see you.' The Prophet did not say anyt hing, but lat er Jibril came down t o him wit h t his Ayah,

ユ∠ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ノ∠ ョ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ノ͡ ト ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (And whoever obeys Allah and t he Messenger t hen t hey will be in t he company of t hose on whom Allah has best owed His grace, of t he Prophet s), and t he Prophet sent t he good news t o t he Ansari man.'' This Hadit h was narrat ed in Mursal form from Masruq, ` Ikrimah, ` Amir AshSha` bi, Qat adah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas. This is t he version wit h t he best chain of narrat ors. Abu Bakr bin Marduwyah recorded it wit h a different chain from ` A'ishah, who said; "A man came t o t he Prophet and said t o him, ` O Messenger of Allah! You are more beloved t o me t han myself, my family and children. Somet imes, when I am at home, I remember you, and I cannot wait unt il I come and look at you. When I cont emplat e about my deat h and your deat h, I know t hat you will be wit h t he Prophet s when you ent er Paradise. I fear t hat I might not see you when I ent er Paradise.' The Prophet did not answer him unt il t he Ayah,

ユ∠ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ノ∠ ョ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ノ͡ ト ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ￢͡ へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ボΑあギダ あ ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや び ゅ⇔ボΒ͡プケ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ジ ⊥ェ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ (And whoever obeys Allah and t he Messenger, t hen t hey will be in t he company of t hose on whom Allah has best owed His grace, of t he Prophet s, t he t rue believers, t he mart yrs, and t he right eous. And how excellent t hese companions are!) was revealed t o him.'' This was collect ed by Al-Hafiz Abu ` Abdullah Al-Maqdisi in his book, Sifat Al-Jannah, he t hen comment ed, "I do not see problems wit h t his chain.'' And Allah knows best . Muslim recorded t hat Rabi` ah bin Ka` b Al-Aslami said, "I used t o sleep at t he Prophet 's house and bring him his wat er for ablut ion and his needs. He once said t o me, ` Ask me.' I said, ` O Messenger of Allah! I ask t hat I be your companion in Paradise.' He said, ` Anyt hing except t hat ' I said, ` Only t hat .' He said,

«キヲ⊥イジ ぁ ャや り͡ ゲ∠ ∇んム∠ よ͡ マ ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ヶあレハ ͡ ほ∠プ∠ »

(Then help me (fulfill t his wish) for you by performing many prost rat ions.)'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Amr bin Murrah Al-Juhani said, "A man came t o t he Prophet and said, ` O Allah's Messenger! I bear wit ness t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah and t hat you are t he Messenger of Allah, pray t he five (daily prayers), give t he Zakah due on my wealt h and fast t he mont h of Ramadan.' The Messenger of Allah said,

リ ∠ ⇒⇒ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや ノ∠ ⇒⇒⇒∠ョ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や∠グ⇒⇒⇒∠ワ ヴヤ∠ハ れ ∠ ゅ⇒⇒⇒∠ョ ∇リ⇒⇒⇒∠ョ» ∠ュ∇ヲ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒∠Α ͡￢や∠ギ∠ヰ⇒⇒ぁゼャや∠ヱ ∠リΒ͡ボΑあギ⇒⇒あダャや∠ヱ ｚペバ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βバ∠ ら⊥ ∇タぺ⊥ ょ ∠ ダ ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ やグ∠ムワ∠ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや «ヮ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヱ (Whoever dies in t his st at e will be wit h t he Prophet s, t he t rut hful and mart yrs on t he Day of Resurrect ion, as long as - and he raised his finger - he is not disobedient t o his parent s.)'' Only Ahmad recorded t his Hadit h. Great er news t han t his is in t he aut hent ic Hadit h collect ed in t he Sahih and Musnad compilat ions, in Mut awat ir form, narrat ed by several Companions t hat t he Messenger of Allah was asked about t he person who loves a people, but his st at us is not close t o t heirs. The Messenger said,

«ょ∠ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ノ∠ ョ∠ ￢⊥ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや» (One is wit h t hose whom he loves.) Anas comment ed, "Muslims were never happier t han wit h t his Hadit h.'' In anot her narrat ion, Anas said, "I love t he Messenger of Allah, Abu Bakr and ` Umar, and I hope t hat Allah will resurrect me wit h t hem, even t hough I did not perform act ions similar t o t heirs.'' Allah said,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ モ ⊥ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (Such is t he bount y from Allah) meaning, from Allah by His mercy, for it is He who made t hem suit able for t his, not t heir good deeds.

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and Allah is sufficient as All-Knower), He knows t hose who deserve guidance and success.

れ ∃ ゅ∠らを⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ルゅ∠プ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ ∇グェ ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ リ ｚ ゃ∠ ト あ ら∠ Β⊥ ャｚ リ∠ヨャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ルや ヱ͡ ぺ∠

∇リミ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇クま͡ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ∠ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∀るら∠ Β͡ダョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ∇わら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ ぶや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∀モ∇ツ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ - や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョｚ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヴ͡レわ∠ Β∠ヤΑ り∀ キｚ ヲ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ∠ほミ∠ リ ｚ ャ∠ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇モゎ͡ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌ∠ハ や⇔コ∇ヲプ∠ コ∠ ヲ⊥プほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇モわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ∇ゼΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽル⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ∇ょヤ͡∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ぺ ∇モわ∠ ∇ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ (71. O you who believe! Take your precaut ions, and eit her go fort h (on an expedit ion) in part ies, or go fort h all t oget her.) (72. There is cert ainly among you he who would linger behind. If a misfort une befalls you, he says, "Indeed Allah has favored me in t hat I was not present among t hem.'') (73. But if a bount y comes t o you from Allah, he would surely say as if t here had never been t ies of affect ion bet ween you and him, "Oh! I wish I had been wit h t hem; t hen I would have achieved a great success.'') (74. So fight t hose who t rade t he life of t his world wit h t he Hereaft er, in t he cause of Allah, and whoever fight s in t he cause of Allah, and is killed or get s vict ory, We shall best ow on him a great reward.)

The Necessity of Taking Necessary Precautions Against the Enemy Allah commands His fait hful servant s t o t ake precaut ions against t heir enemies, by being prepared wit h t he necessary weapons and supplies, and increasing t he number of t roops fight ing in His cause.

びれ ∃ ゅ∠らを⊥ ぴ (in part ies) means, group aft er group, part y aft er part y, and expedit ion aft er expedit ion. ` Ali bin Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

びれ ∃ ゅ∠らを⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ルゅ∠プぴ (and eit her go fort h in part ies) means, "In groups, expedit ion aft er expedit ion,

びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ルや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ぴ

(or go fort h all t oget her), means, all of you.'' Similar was report ed from Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, AsSuddi, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, ` At a' Al-Khurrasani, Muqat il bin Hayyan and Khusayf Al-Jazari.

Refraining from Joining Jihad is a Sign of Hypocrites Allah said,

びリ ｚ ゃ∠ ト あ ら∠ Β⊥ ャｚ リ∠ヨャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (There is cert ainly among you he who would linger behind.) Muj ahid and ot hers said t hat t his Ayah was revealed about t he hypocrit es. Muqat il bin Hayyan said t hat ,

びリ ｚ ゃ∠ ト あ ら∠ Β⊥ ャｚぴ (linger behind) means, st ays behind and does not j oin Jihad. It is also possible t hat t his person himself lingers behind, while luring ot hers away from j oining Jihad. For inst ance, ` Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul, may Allah curse him, used t o linger behind and lure ot her people t o do t he same and refrain from j oining Jihad, as Ibn Jurayj and Ibn Jarir st at ed. This is why Allah said about t he hypocrit e, t hat when he lingers behind from Jihad, t hen:

び∀るら∠ Β͡ダョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ∇わら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ぴ (If a misfort une befalls you) deat h, mart yrdom, or - by Allah's wisdom - being defeat ed by t he enemy,

びや⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョｚ ∇リミ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇クま͡ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (he says, "Indeed Allah has favored me t hat I was not present among t hem.'') meaning, since I did not j oin t hem in bat t le. Because he considers t his one of Allah's favors on him, unaware of t he reward t hat he might have gained from enduring war or mart yrdom, if he was killed.

びぶや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∀モ∇ツ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (But if a bount y comes t o you from Allah) such as vict ory, t riumph and boot y,

びり∀ キｚ ヲ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ∠ほミ∠ リ ｚ ャ∠ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ぴ (he would surely say - as if t here had never been t ies of affect ion bet ween you and him,) meaning, as if he was not a follower of your religion,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔コ∇ヲプ∠ コ∠ ヲ⊥プほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヴ͡レわ∠ Β∠ヤΑぴ ("Oh! I wish I had been wit h t hem; t hen I would have achieved a great success.'') by being assigned a share of t he boot y and t aking possession of t hat share. This is his ult imat e aim and obj ect ive.

The Encouragement to Participation in Jihad Allah t hen said,

び∇モゎ͡ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ぴ (So fight ) t he believer wit h an aversion (t o fight ing),

ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ∇ゼΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プぴ びり͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ (t hose who t rade t he life of t his world wit h t he Hereaft er) referring t o t hose sell t heir religion for t he meager goods of t he world, and t hey only do t his because of t heir disbelief and lack of fait h. Allah t hen said;

フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ∇ょヤ͡∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ぺ ∇モわ∠ ∇ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Βら͡ シ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇モわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽル⊥ (And whoever fight s in t he cause of Allah, and is killed or get s vict ory, We shall best ow on him a great reward.) meaning, whoever fight s in t he cause of Allah, whet her he was killed or t riumphant , he will earn an immense compensat ion and a great reward wit h Allah. The Two Sahihs recorded,

∇ラぺ∠ ロ⊥ ゅｚプヲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∩͡ヮ͡ヤΒ͡ら∠シ ヶ͡プ ギ͡ ワ͡ ゅ∠イヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ぶ ⊥ や モ ∠ ヘｚ ム∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ » ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ヮ͡ レ͡ ム∠ ∇ジョ∠ ヴャ͡ま ヮ⊥ バ∠ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∠るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ «る∠ヨΒ͡レビ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ル ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∩ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡

(Allah has guarant eed t he Muj ahid in His cause t hat He will eit her bring deat h t o him, admit t ing int o Paradise; or, He will help him ret urn safely t o his home wit h what ever reward and boot y he gained.)

リ ∠ Β͡ヘバ∠ ∇ツわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ͡ ギ∠ ∇ャヲ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや∠ヱ メ ͡ ゅ∠ィゲあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レャｚ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇ワぺ∠ ユ͡ ヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや る͡ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ マ ∠ ∇ルギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レャｚ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇ルギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ￢∠ ゅ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボプ∠ れ ͡ ヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚトャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ び ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡バッ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ギ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや (75. And what is wrong wit h you t hat you fight not in t he cause of Allah, and for t hose weak, ill-t reat ed and oppressed among men, women, and children, whose cry is: "Our Lord! Rescue us from t his t own whose people are oppressors; and raise for us from You one who will prot ect , and raise for us from You one who will help.'') (76. Those who believe, fight in t he cause of Allah, and t hose who disbelieve, fight in t he cause of t he Taghut . So fight against t he friends of Shayt an; ever feeble indeed is t he plot of Shayt an.)

Encouraging Jihad to Defend the Oppressed Allah encouraged His believing servant s t o perform Jihad in His cause and t o st rive hard t o save t he oppressed Muslims in Makkah, men, women and children who were rest less because of having t o remain t here. This is why Allah said,

びる͡ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (whose cry is: "Our Lord! Rescue us from t his t own), referring t o Makkah. In a similar Ayah, Allah said,

ヴ͡わャｚや マ ∠ わ͡ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ り⇔ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ リあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びマ ∠ ∇わィ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠

(And many a t own, st ronger t han your t own which has driven you out ) Allah t hen describes t his t own,

∇モバ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇ルギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レャｚ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇ワぺ∠ ユ͡ ヤ͡⇒ｚヌャやぴ びや⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ マ ∠ ∇ルギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レャｚ (whose people are oppressors; and raise for us from You one who will prot ect , and raise for us from You one who will help) meaning, send prot ect ors and helpers for us. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "I and my mot her were from t he oppressed (in Makkah).'' Allah t hen said,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ びれ ͡ ヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚトャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ (Those who believe, fight in t he cause of Allah, and t hose who disbelieve, fight in t he cause of t he Taghut . ) Therefore, t he believers fight in obedience t o Allah and t o gain His pleasure, while t he disbelievers fight in obedience t o Shayt an. Allah t hen encourages t he believers t o fight His enemies,

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ギ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ￢∠ ゅ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボプ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ヘΒ͡バッ ∠ (So fight against t he friends of Shayt an; ever feeble indeed is t he plot of Shayt an).

∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヲぁヘミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ メ ⊥ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ Β∠ ∇ゼガ ∠ ミ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ や∠クま͡ Ι∇ヲャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ る⇔ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ノ⊥ ⇒∠わョ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ょ ∃ Α͡ゲホ∠ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠レゎ∠ ∇ゲカ ｚ ぺ∠ - Κ ⇔ Β͡わプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ボゎｚ や リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ

ァ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ムぁ ミ͡ケ∇ギΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ る∀ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇らダ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ り∃ ギ∠ Βｚ ゼ ∠ ョぁ ∇モホ⊥ ポ ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ る∀ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇らダ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キゅ∠ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ヰャ͡ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ モ ｘ ミ⊥ び ⇔ゅんΑ͡ギ∠ェ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ プ∠ る∃ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ べｚョぴ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヘルｚ リ͡ヨプ∠ る∃ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ び や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ (77. Have you not seen t hose who were t old t o hold back t heir hands (from fight ing) and perform Salah and give Zakah, but when t he fight ing was ordained for t hem, behold! a sect ion of t hem fear men as t hey fear Allah or even more. They say: "Our Lord! Why have You ordained for us fight ing Would t hat You grant ed us respit e for a short period'' Say: "Short is t he enj oyment of t his world. The Hereaft er is (far) bet t er for him who fears Allah, and you shall not be dealt wit h unj ust ly even equal t o t he Fat il.) (78. "Wheresoever you may be, deat h will overt ake you even if you are in fort resses built up st rong and high!'' And if some good reaches t hem, t hey say, "This is from Allah,'' but if some evil befalls t hem, t hey say, "This is from you.'' Say: "All t hings are from Allah,'' so what is wrong wit h t hese people t hat t hey f ail t o underst and any word) (79. What ever of good reaches you, is from Allah, but what ever of evil befalls you, is from yourself. And We have sent you as a Messenger t o mankind, and Allah is sufficient as a Wit ness.)

The Wish that the Order for Jihad be Delayed In t he beginning of Islam, Muslims in Makkah were commanded t o perform t he prayer and pay some charit y, so as t o comfort t he poor among t hem. They were also commanded t o be forgiving and forbearing wit h t he idolat ors and t o observe pat ience wit h t hem at t he t ime. However, t hey were eager and ant icipat ing t he t ime when t hey would be allowed t o fight , so t hat t hey could punish t heir enemies. The sit uat ion at t hat t ime did not permit armed conflict for many reasons. For inst ance, Muslims were few at t he t ime, compared t o t heir numerous enemies. The Muslims' cit y was a sacred one and t he most honored area on t he eart h, and t his is why t he command t o fight was not revealed in Makkah. Lat er on when t he Muslims cont rolled a t own of t heir own, Al-Madinah, and had st rengt h, power and support , Jihad was t hen legislat ed. Yet , when t he command t o fight was revealed, j ust as Muslims wished, some of t hem became weary and were very fearful of facing t he idolat ors in bat t le.

ゅ∠レゎ∠ ∇ゲカ ｚ ぺ∠ Ι∇ヲャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びょ ∃ Α͡ゲホ∠ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ (They say: "Our Lord! Why have You ordained for us fight ing Would t hat You had grant ed us respit e for a short period'') meaning, we wish t hat Jihad was delayed unt il a lat er t ime, because it means bloodshed, orphans and widows. In a similar Ayah, Allah said,

へ∠クみ͡プ∠ ∀り∠ケヲ⊥シ ∇ろャ∠ゴあ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びメ ⊥ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ク⊥ ヱ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ ム∠ ∇エョぁ ∀り∠ケヲ⊥シ ∇ろャ∠ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ (Those who believe say: "Why is not a Surah sent down (for us) But when a decisive is sent down, and fight ing is ment ioned). Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ` AbdurRahman bin ` Awf and several of his companions came t o t he Prophet while in Makkah and said, "O Allah's Prophet ! We were might y when we were pagans, but when we embraced t he fait h, we became weak.'' The Prophet said,

«ュ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや やヲ⊥ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ボゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ヲ͡ ∇ヘバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ ヶあルま͡» (I was commanded t o pardon t he people, so do not fight t hem.) When Allah t ransferred t he Prophet t o Al-Madinah, He commanded him t o fight (t he idolat ors), but t hey (some Muslims) held back. So, Allah revealed t he Ayah;

び∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヲぁヘミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Have you not seen t hose who were t old t o hold back t heir hands) This Hadit h was collect ed by An-Nasa'i and Al-Hakim. Allah's st at ement ,

びヴ∠ボゎｚ や リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ∀モΒ͡ヤホ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ノ⊥ ⇒∠わョ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Short is t he enj oyment of t his world. The Hereaft er is (far) bet t er for him who fears Allah,) means, t he dest inat ion of t he one who wit h Taqwa is bet t er for him t han t his life.

びΚ ⇔ Β͡わプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and you shall not be dealt wit h unj ust ly even equal t o t he Fat il.) for your good deeds. Rat her, you will earn your full rewards for t hem. This promise direct s t he focus of believers away from

t his life and makes t hem eager for t he Hereaft er, all t he while encouraging t hem t o fight in Jihad.

There is No Escaping Death Allah said,

ァ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ぁムミ͡ケ∇ギΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ぴ びり∃ ギ∠ Βｚ ゼ ∠ ョぁ (Wheresoever you may be, deat h will overt ake you even if you are in fort resses built up st rong and high!) meaning, you shall cert ainly die and none of you shall ever escape deat h. Allah said,

びラ ∃ ゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ (What sooever is on it (t he eart h) will perish),

びれ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや る⊥ ボ∠ も͡ へ∠ク ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ (Everyone shall t ast e deat h), and,

びギ∠ ∇ヤガ ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ゲ∃ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We grant ed not t o any human being immort alit y before you). Therefore, every soul shall t ast e deat h and not hing can save any person from it , whet her he perf ormed Jihad or not . Everyone has an appoint ed t ime, and a limit ed t erm of life. In t he illness t hat preceded his deat h, Khalid bin Al-Walid said, while in his bed, "I part icipat ed in so and so number of bat t les, and every part of my body sust ained an inj ury due t o a st ab or a shot . Yet here I am, I die in my bed! Let not t he eyes of t he cowards ever t ast e sleep.'' Allah's st at ement ,

びり∃ ギ∠ Βｚ ゼ ∠ ョぁ ァ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (even if you are in fort resses built up st rong and high!) means, ent renched, fort ified, high and t owering. No caut ion or fort ificat ion can ever avert deat h.

The Hypocrites Sense a Bad Omen Because of the Prophet ! Allah said,

びる∀ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇らダ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if some good reaches t hem) meaning, fert ile years and provision of fruit s, produce, children, et c., as said by Ibn ` Abbas, Abu Al-` Aliyah and As-Suddi.

びる∀ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇らダ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ (t hey say, "This is from Allah,'' but if some evil befalls t hem) drought , famine, short ages of fruit s and produce, deat h t hat st rikes t heir children or animals, and so fort h, as Abu Al-` Aliyah and As-Suddi st at ed.

びポ ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ (t hey say, "This is from you,'') meaning, because of you and because we followed you and embraced your religion. Allah said about t he people of Fir` awn,

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇らダ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ る⊥ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ びヮ⊥ バ∠ ｚョ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒｚ ト ｚ Α∠ る∀ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ (But whenever good came t o t hem, t hey said: "Ours is t his.'' And if evil afflict ed t hem, t hey ascribed it t o evil omens connect ed wit h Musa and t hose wit h him.) Allah said,

びフ ∃ ∇ゲェ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And among mankind is he who worships Allah as it were upon t he edge (i. e. in doubt )). The same is t he st at ement ut t ered by t he hypocrit es, who embraced Islam out wardly, but disliked it inwardly. This is why when a calamit y befell t hem, t hey at t ribut ed it t o following t he Prophet . Consequent ly, Allah revealed,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ Say: All t hings are from Alla0h, Allah's st at ement t hat all t hings are from Him means, everyt hing occurs by t he decision and decree of Allah, and His decision shall come t o pass for bot h t he right eous and t he wicked, t he fait hful and t he disbelievers. Allah t hen said while addressing His Messenger , but refering t o mankind in general,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ プ∠ る∃ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ べｚョぴ

(What ever of good reaches you, is from Allah,) meaning, of Allah's bount y, favor, kindness and mercy.

びマ ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヘルｚ リ͡ヨプ∠ る∃ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (But what ever of evil befalls you, is from yourself.), meaning because of you and due t o your act ions. Similarly, Allah said,

∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨら͡ プ∠ る∃ ら∠ Β͡ダョぁ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ べョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ゲ∃ Β͡んミ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ (And what ever of misfort une befalls you, it is because of what your hands have earned. And He pardons much.) As-Suddi, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Ibn Jurayj and Ibn Zayd said t hat ,

びマ ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヘルｚ リ͡ヨプ∠ ぴ (from yourself) means, because of your errors. Qat adah said t hat ,

びマ ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヘルｚ リ͡ヨプ∠ ぴ (From yourself) means, as punishment for you, O son of Adam, because of your sins. Allah said,

びΙ ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have sent you as a Messenger t o mankind,) so t hat you convey t o t hem Allah's commandment s, what He likes and is pleased wit h, and what He dislikes and refuses.

びや⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and Allah is sufficient as a Wit ness.) t hat He has sent you. He is also Wit ness over you and t hem, having full knowledge in what you convey t o t hem and t he disbelief and rebellion wit h which t hey respond t o t he t rut h.

べ∠ヨプ∠ ヴｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ネ ∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ノ͡ ト ͡ Α⊥ ∇リョｚ ぴ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∀る∠ハゅ∠デ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヌΒ͡ヘェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠

ン͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ ろ ∠ Βｚ よ∠ ポ ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥コゲ∠ よ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わΒあ ら∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ ょ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ (80. He who obeys t he Messenger, has indeed obeyed Allah, but he who t urns away, t hen We have not sent you as a wat cher over t hem.) (81. They say: "We are obedient ,'' but when t hey leave you, a sect ion of t hem spends all night in planning ot her t han what you say. But Allah records t heir night ly (plot s). So t urn aside from t hem (do not punish t hem), and put your t rust in Allah. And Allah is Ever All-Sufficient as a Disposer of affairs.)

Obeying the Messenger is Obeying Allah Allah st at es t hat whoever obeys His servant and Messenger, Muhammad , obeys Allah; and whoever disobeys him, disobeys Allah. Verily, what ever t he Messenger ut t ers is not of his own desire, but a revelat ion inspired t o him. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡ルゅ∠ダハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ぶや ネ ∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡レハ ∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ∩ヶ͡レハ ∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ Β͡ョほ∠∇ャや ネ ∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ぶや ヴ∠ダハ ∠ «ヶ͡ルゅ∠ダハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ Β͡ョほ∠∇ャや ヴ∠ダハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ (Whoever obeys me, obeys Allah; and whoever disobeys me, disobeys Allah. Whoever obeys t he Amir (leader, ruler), obeys me; and whoever disobeys t he Amir, disobeys me.) This Hadit h was recorded in t he Two Sahihs. Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔ヌΒ͡ヘェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ヨプ∠ ヴｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (But he who t urns away, t hen We have not sent you as a wat cher over t hem.) means, do not worry about him. Your j ob is only t o convey, and whoever obeys you, he will acquire happiness and success and you will gain a similar reward t o t hat he earns. As for t he one who t urns away from you, he will gain failure and loss and you will not carry a burden because of what he does. A Hadit h st at es,

ゾ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ギセ ∠ ケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ∠ や ノ͡ ト ͡ Α⊥ ∇リョ∠ » «ヮ∠ジ∇ヘ∠ル ゅｚャま͡ ぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ∠ や

(Whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, will acquire guidance; and whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger, will only harm himself.)

The Foolishness of the Hypocrites Allah said,

び∀る∠ハゅ∠デ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (They say: "We are obedient ,''). Allah st at es t hat t he hypocrit es pret end t o be loyal and obedient .

びポ ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥コゲ∠ よ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (but when t hey leave you), meaning, when t hey depart and are no longer wit h you,

びメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ン͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ ろ ∠ Βｚ よ∠ ぴ (a sect ion of t hem spends all night in planning ot her t han what you say). They plot at night among t hemselves for ot her t han what t hey pret end when t hey are wit h you. Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥わΒあ ら∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ ょ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (But Allah records t heir night ly (plot s).) meaning, He has full knowledge of t heir plot s and records it t hrough His command t o His scribes, t he angels who are responsible for recording t he act ions of t he servant s. This is a t hreat from Allah, st at ing t hat He knows what t he hypocrit es t ry t o hide, t heir plot t ing in t he night t o defy t he Messenger and oppose him, even t hough t hey pret end t o be loyal and obedient t o him. Allah will cert ainly punish t hem for t his conduct . In a similar Ayah, Allah said,

びゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ へ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (They (hypocrit es) say: "We have believed in Allah and in t he Messenger, and we obey,'') unt il t he end of t he Ayah. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ ぴ

(So t urn aside from t hem) means, pardon t hem, be forbearing wit h t hem, do not punish t hem, do not expose t hem t o t he people and do not fear t hem.

びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and put your t rust in Allah. And Allah is Ever All-Sufficient as a Disposer of affairs.) meaning, He is sufficient as Prot ect or, Support er and Helper for t hose who rely on Him and ret urn t o Him.

ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲよｚ ギ∠ わ∠ Α∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギィ ∠ ヲ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ハや∠クぺ∠ フ ͡ ∇ヲガ ∠ ∇ャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∀ゲ∇ョ∠ぺ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ ヱぁキケ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ モ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥トら͡ ∇レわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡バ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇バら∠ ｚゎΙ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (82. Do t hey not t hen consider t he Qur'an carefully Had it been from ot her t han Allah, t hey would surely, have found t herein cont radict ions in abundance). (83. When t here comes t o t hem some mat t er t ouching (public) safet y or fear, t hey make it known (among t he people); if only t hey had referred it t o t he Messenger or t o t hose charged wit h aut horit y among t hem, t he proper invest igat ors would have underst ood it from t hem (direct ly). Had it not been for t he grace and mercy of Allah upon you, you would have followed Shayt an, except a few of you.)

The Qur'an is True Allah commands t hem t o cont emplat e about t he Qur'an and forbids t hem from ignoring it , or ignoring it s wise meanings and eloquent words. Allah st at es t hat t here are no inconsist encies, cont radict ions, conflict ing st at ement s or discrepancies in t he Qur'an, because it is a revelat ion from t he Most -Wise, Wort hy of all praise. Therefore, t he Qur'an is t he t rut h coming from t he Trut h, Allah. This is why Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び べ∠ヰャ⊥ゅ∠ヘ∇ホぺ∠ ゆ ∃ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲよｚ ギ∠ わ∠ Α∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ

(Do t hey not t hen t hink deeply in t he Qur'an, or are t heir heart s locked up (from underst anding it )) Allah t hen said,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Had it been from ot her t han Allah,) meaning, had it been fraudulent and made up, as t he ignorant idolat ors and hypocrit es assert in t heir heart s,

びゅ⇔ヘ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠ィ∠ヲ∠ャぴ (t hey would surely, have found t herein cont radict ions), discrepancies and inconsist encies,

びや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ぴ (in abundance). However, t his Qur'an is free of short comings, and t herefore, it is from Allah. Similarly, Allah describes t hose who are firmly grounded in knowledge,

びゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ぴ (We believe in it , all of it is from our Lord.)(3:7) meaning, t he Muhkam sect ions (ent irely clear) and t he Mut ashabih sect ions (not ent irely clear) of t he Qur'an are all t rue. So t hey underst and t he not ent irely clear from t he clear, and t hus gain guidance. As for t hose in whose heart is t he disease of hypocrisy, t hey underst and t he Muhkam from t he Mut ashabih; t hus only gaining misguidance. Allah praised t hose who have knowledge and crit icized t he wicked. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Amr bin Shu` ayb said t hat his fat her said t hat his grandfat her said, "I and my brot her were present in a gat hering, which is more precious t o me t han red camels. My brot her and I came and found t hat some of t he leaders of t he Companions of t he Messenger of Allah were sit t ing close t o a door of his. We did not like t he idea of being separat e from t hem, so we sat near t he room. They t hen ment ioned an Ayah and began disput ing unt il t hey raised t heir voices. The Messenger of Allah was so angry t hat when he went out his face was red. He t hrew sand on t hem and said t o t hem,

∩∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ ∇リョ͡ ユ⊥ ョ∠ ほ⊥∇ャや ろ ͡ ム∠ ヤ͡∇ワぺ⊥ や∠グヰ∠ よ͡ ∩͡ュ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠Α ゅ⇔ヤ∇ヰョ∠ » ゅ∠ヰツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ょ ∠ わ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ャや ユ͡ ヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ゲッ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ も͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ∇ユヰ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠ヤわ͡ ∇カゅ͡よ ∩ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ヮ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゆ ⊥ あグム∠ Α⊥ ∇メゴ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ラ ∠ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∩∃ヂ∇バら∠ よ͡

ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇プゲ∠ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ ∩ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ヮ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ベ ⊥ あギダ ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ «ヮ͡ヨャ͡ゅ∠ハ ヴャ͡ま ロ⊥ ヱぁキゲ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤヰ͡ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハゅ∠プ (Behold, O people! This is how t he nat ions before you were dest royed, because of t heir disput ing wit h t heir Prophet s and t heir cont radict ing part s of t he Books wit h ot her part s. The Qur'an does not cont radict it self. Rat her, it t est ifies t o t he t rut h of it self. Therefore, what ever of it you have knowledge in, t hen implement it , and what ever you do not know of it , t hen refer it t o t hose who have knowledge in it . )" Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said, "I went t o t he Messenger of Allah one day. When we were sit t ing, t wo men disput ed about an Ayah, and t heir voices became loud. The Prophet said,

«ゆゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠ヤわ͡ ∇カゅ͡よ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ユ⊥ ョ∠ ほ⊥∇ャや ろ ͡ ム∠ ヤ∠ワ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡» (Verily, t he nat ions before you were dest royed because of t heir disagreement s over t he Book.) Muslim and An-Nasa'i recorded t his Hadit h

The Prohibition of Disclosing Unreliable and Uninvestigated News Allah said,

∇やヲ⊥ハや∠クぺ∠ フ ͡ ∇ヲガ ∠ ∇ャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∀ゲ∇ョ∠ぺ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ よ͡ (When t here comes t o t hem some mat t er t ouching (public) safet y or fear, t hey make it known (among t he people);) chast ising t hose who indulge in t hings before being sure of t heir t rut h, disclosing t hem, making t hem known and spreading t heir news, even t hough such news might not be t rue at all. In t he int roduct ion t o his Sahih, Imam Muslim recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,

«ノ͡ヨシ ∠ ゅ∠ョ あモム⊥ よ͡ ゐ ∠ ギあ エ ∠ Α⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅ⇔よグ͡ ミ∠ ￢͡ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ » (Narrat ing everyt hing one hears is sufficient t o make a person a liar.) This is t he same narrat ion collect ed by Abu Dawud in t he sect ion of Adab (manners) in his Sunan. In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Al-Mughirah bin Shu` bah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah prohibit ed, "It was said,'' and, "So-and-so said.'' This Hadit h refers t o t hose who oft en convey t he speech t hat people ut t er wit hout invest igat ing t he reliabilit y and t rut h of what he is disclosing. The Sahih also records,

ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩∀ゆグ͡ ミ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ン∠ゲΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゑ ∃ Α͡ギエ ∠ よ͡ ゐ ∠ ギｚ ェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «リ∇Βよ∠ ク͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ (Whoever narrat es a Hadit h while knowing it is false, t hen he is one of t he t wo liars (who invent s and who spreads t he lie).) We should ment ion here t he Hadit h of ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab collect ed in t he Two Sahihs. When ` Umar was informed t hat t he Messenger of Allah divorced his wives, he came from his house, ent ered t he Masj id and found t he people t alking about t his news. He could not wait and went t o t he Prophet t o ask him about what had t ruly happened, asking him, "Have you divorced your wives'' The Prophet said, "No.'' ` Umar said, "I said, Allahu Akbar...'' and ment ioned t he rest of t he Hadit h. In t he narrat ion t hat Muslim collect ed, ` Umar said, "I asked, ` Have you divorced t hem' He said, ` No.' So, I st ood by t he door of t he Masj id and shout ed wit h t he loudest voice, ` The Messenger of Allah did not divorce his wives.' Then, t his Ayah was revealed,

∇やヲ⊥ハや∠クぺ∠ フ ͡ ∇ヲガ ∠ ∇ャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∀ゲ∇ョ∠ぺ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ ヱぁキケ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥トら͡ ∇レわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡バ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ (When t here comes t o t hem some mat t er t ouching (public) safet y or fear, t hey make it known (among t he people), if only t hey had referred it t o t he Messenger or t o t hose charged wit h aut horit y among t hem, t he proper invest igat ors would have underst ood it from t hem (direct ly).) So I properly invest igat ed t hat mat t er. '' This Ayah refers t o proper invest igat ion, or ext ract ion of mat t ers from t heir proper resources. Allah's st at ement ,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇バら∠ ｚゎΙ ∠ぴ (you would have followed Shayt an except a few of you. ) refers t o t he believers, as ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas.

チ ͡ ゲあ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ブ ⊥ ｚヤム∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇モゎ͡ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや サ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ｚブム⊥ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ジハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⇔ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘセ ∠ ∇ノヘ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ リｚョ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ムレ∠ゎ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔シ∇ほよ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ る⇔ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘセ ∠ ∇ノヘ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ル ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠

￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョｚ ∀モ∇ヘ͡ミ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ る⇔ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠よ͡ ∇やヲぁΒエ ∠ プ∠ る∃ Βｚ エ ͡ わ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥わΒあΒェ ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔わΒ͡ボョぁ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや - ゅ⇔らΒ͡ジェ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ べ∠ワヱぁキケ⊥ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ バ∠ ヨ∠ ∇イΒ∠ ャ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι び ⇔ゅんΑ͡ギ∠ェ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ベ ⊥ ギ∠ ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ (84. Then fight in t he cause of Allah, you are not t asked (held responsible) except for yourself, and incit e t he believers (t o fight along wit h you), it may be t hat Allah will rest rain t he evil might of t he disbelievers. And Allah is St ronger in might and St ronger in punishing.) (85. Whosoever int ercedes for a good cause, will have t he reward t hereof; and whosoever int ercedes for an evil cause, will have a share in it s burden. And Allah is Ever All-Able t o do everyt hing.) (86. When you are greet ed wit h a greet ing, greet in ret urn wit h what is bet t er t han it , or (at least ) ret urn it equally. Cert ainly, Allah is Ever a Careful Account Taker of all t hings.) (87. Allah! None has t he right t o be worshipped but He. Surely, He will gat her you t oget her on t he Day of Resurrect ion about which t here is no doubt . And who is t ruer in st at ement t han Allah)

Allah Commands His Messenger to Perform Jihad Allah commands His servant and Messenger, Muhammad , t o himself fight in Jihad and not t o be concerned about t hose who do not j oin Jihad. Hence Allah's st at ement ,

びマ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ブ ⊥ ｚヤム∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (you are not t asked (held responsible except for yourself,) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Ishaq said, "I asked Al-Bara bin ` Azib about a man who meet s a hundred enemies and st ill fight s t hem, would he be one of t hose referred t o in Allah's st at ement ,

びる͡ ム∠ ヤ⊥∇ヰわｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Α∠ほ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ヤゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And do not t hrow yourselves int o dest ruct ion (by not spending your wealt h in t he cause of Allah)) He said, ` Allah said t o His Prophet ,

チ ͡ ゲあ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ブ ⊥ ｚヤム∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇モゎ͡ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや

(Then fight in t he cause of Allah, you are not t asked (held responsible) except for yourself, and incit e t he believers (t o fight along wit h you)).'' Imam Ahmad recorded Sulayman bin Dawud saying t hat Abu Bakr bin ` Ayyash said t hat Abu Ishaq said, "I asked Al-Bara', ` If a man at t acks t he lines of t he idolat ors, would he be t hrowing himself t o dest ruct ion' He said, ` No because Allah has sent His Messenger and commanded him,

びマ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ブ ⊥ ｚヤム∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇モゎ͡ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ (Then fight in t he cause of Allah, you are not t asked (held responsible) except for yourself,) That Ayah is about spending in Allah's cause .''

Inciting the Believers to Fight Allah said,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや チ ͡ ゲあ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and incit e t he believers) t o fight , by encouraging t hem and st rengt hening t heir resolve in t his regard. For inst ance, t he Prophet said t o t he believers at t he bat t le of Badr, while organizing t heir lines,

«チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ れ ⊥ や∠ヲヨｚジャや ゅ∠ヰッ ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ る∃ レｚ ィ ∠ ヴャ͡ま やヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ホ» (St and up and march fort h t o a Paradise, as wide as t he heavens and Eart h.) There are many Hadit hs t hat encourage Jihad. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヴ∠ゎへ∠ヱ ∩∠りゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ュ∠ ゅ∠ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮ͡ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ リ ∠ ョ∠ へ ∇リョ∠ » ∇ラぺ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ６ボェ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∩∠ラゅ∠ツョ∠ ケ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠タヱ∠ ∩∠りゅ∠ミゴｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ザ ∠ ヤ∠ィ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ぶ ͡ やモ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ゲ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ワ ∩∠る⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ «ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ギ∠ ャ͡ヱ⊥ ヶ͡わャｚや ヮ͡ ッ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ (Whoever believes in Allah and His Messenger, offers prayer, pays t he Zakah and fast s t he mont h of Ramadan, will right fully be grant ed Paradise by Allah, no mat t er whet her he migrat es in Allah's cause or remains in t he land where he is born.) The people said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Shall we acquaint t he people wit h t his good news' He said,

リ ∠ Α͡ギワ͡ ゅ∠イヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ワギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ る∃ ィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ る∠ も∠ ゅ͡ョ る͡ ⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡» ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ あモミ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∩͡ぶや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∠サ∇ヱキ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ャや ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ャほ∠∇シゅ∠プ ぶ ∠ や ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ス ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ヱ∠ ∩る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや テ ⊥シ ∠ ヱ∠ «るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ ゲ⊥ イ ｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∩͡リヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや (Paradise has one hundred grades which Allah has reserved for t he Muj ahidin who fight in His cause, t he dist ance bet ween each t wo grades is like t he dist ance bet ween t he heaven and t he Eart h. So, when you ask Allah, ask for Al-Firdaws, which is t he best and highest part of Paradise, above it is t he Throne of t he Most Beneficent (Allah) and from it originat e t he rivers of Paradise.) There are various narrat ions for t his Hadit h from ` Ubadah, Mu` adh, and Abu AdDarda'. Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩ゅ⇔レΑ͡キ ュ͡ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ∩ゅ６よケ∠ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ヶ ∠ッ ͡ ケ∠ ∇リョ∠ ギ∃ Β͡バシ ∠ ゅ∠よ∠ぺ ゅ∠Α» ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろら∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ６Βら͡ ル∠ ユ∂ヤシヱ ヮΒヤハ ぶや ヴヤタ∃ギヨｚ エ ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ ヱ∠ «る⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや (O Abu Sa` id! Whoever accept s Allah as his Lord, Islam as his religion and Muhammad as t he Prophet , t hen he would right fully acquire Paradise.) Abu Sa` id liked t hese words and said, "O Allah's Messenger! Repeat t hem for me.'' The Prophet repeat ed his words, t hen said,

ヶ͡プ る∃ ィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ る∠ も∠ ゅ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ギ∠ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや ぶ ⊥ や ノ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ヱ∠ » ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ あモミ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩͡る⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや «チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ (And (t here is) anot her deed for which Allah raises t he servant a hundred grades in Paradise, bet ween each t wo grades is t he dist ance bet ween heaven and Eart h.) Abu Sa` id said, "What is it , O Allah's Messenger '' He said,

«ぶや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰイ ͡ ∇ャや»

(Jihad in Allah's cause.) This Hadit h was collect ed by Muslim. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや サ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ｚブム⊥ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ジハ ∠ぴ (it may be t hat Allah will rest rain t he evil might of t he disbelievers. ) means, by your encouraging t hem t o fight , t heir resolve will be st rengt hened t o meet t he enemy in bat t le, t o defend Islam and it s people and t o endure and be pat ient against t he enemy. Allah's st at ement ,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡ムレ∠ゎ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔シ∇ほよ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is St ronger in might and St ronger in punishing.) means, He is able over t hem in t his life and t he Hereaft er, j ust as He said in anot her Ayah,

ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ ャあ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ わ∠ ∇ルΙ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ びヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ (But if it had been Allah's will, He Himself could cert ainly have punished t hem (wit hout you). But (He let s you fight ) in order t o t est some of you wit h ot hers) (47:4).

Interceding for a Good or an Evil Cause Allah said,

びゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ル ヮ⊥ ャｚ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ る⇔ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘセ ∠ ∇ノヘ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ リｚョぴ (Whosoever int ercedes for a good cause, will have t he reward t hereof;) meaning, whoever int ercedes in a mat t er t hat produces good result s, will acquire a share in t hat good.

びゅ∠ヰ∇レョｚ ∀モ∇ヘ͡ミ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ る⇔ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ る⇔ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘセ ∠ ∇ノヘ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever int ercedes for an evil cause, will have a share in it s burden.) meaning, he will carry a burden due t o what result ed from his int ercession and int ent ion. For inst ance, it is recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Prophet said,

ヮ͡ Βあ ら͡ ル∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ジャ͡ ヴヤ∠ハ ぶ ⊥ や ヶ͡ツ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩やヱ⊥ゲィ ∠ ∇ぽゎ⊥ やヲ⊥バヘ∠ ∇セや» «￢ゅ∠セ ゅ∠ョ (Int ercede and you will gain a reward of it . Yet , Allah shall decide what ever He wills by t he words of His Prophet .) Muj ahid bin Jabr said, "This Ayah was revealed about t he int ercession of people on behalf of each ot her.'' Allah t hen said,

びゅ⇔わΒ͡ボョぁ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah is Ever Muqit over everyt hing.) Ibn ` Abbas, ` At a', ` At iyah, Qat adah and Mat ar AlWarraq said t hat ,

びゅ⇔わΒ͡ボョぁ ぴ (Muqit ) means, "Wat cher.'' Muj ahid said t hat Muqit means, ` Wit ness', and in anot her narrat ion, ` Able t o do.'

Returning the Salam, With a Better Salam Allah said,

びべ∠ワヱぁキケ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠よ͡ ∇やヲぁΒエ ∠ プ∠ る∃ Βｚ エ ͡ わ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥わΒあΒェ ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (When you are greet ed wit h a greet ing, greet in ret urn wit h what is bet t er t han it , or (at least ) ret urn it equally.) meaning, if t he Muslim greet s you wit h t he Salam, t hen ret urn t he greet ing wit h a bet t er Salam, or at least equal t o t he Salam t hat was given. Therefore, t he bet t er Salam is recommended, while ret urning it equally is an obligat ion. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Raj a' Al-` Ut aridi said t hat ` Imran bin Husayn said t hat a man came t o t he Messenger of Allah and said, "As-Salamu ` Alaykum''. The Prophet ret urned t he greet ing, and aft er t he man sat down he said, "Ten.'' Anot her man came and said, "As-Salamu ` Alaykum wa Rahmat ullah, O Allah's Messenger.'' The Prophet ret urned t he greet ing, and aft er t he man sat down he said, "Twent y.'' Then anot her man came and said, "As-Salamu ` Alaykum wa Rahmat ullah wa Barakat uh.'' The Prophet ret urned t he greet ing, and aft er t he man sat down he said, "Thirt y.'' This is t he narrat ion recorded by Abu Dawud. At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Al-Bazzar also recorded it . At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib''. There are several ot her Hadit hs on t his subj ect from Abu Sa` id, ` Ali, and Sahl bin Hanif. When t he Muslim is greet ed wit h t he full form of Salam, he is obliged t o ret urn t he greet ing equally. As for Ahl Adh-Dhimmah t he Salam should not be init iat ed nor should t he greet ing be added t o when ret urning t heir greet ing. Rat her, as recorded in t he Two Sahihs t heir greet ing is ret urned t o t hem equally. Ibn ` Umar narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ュ⊥ ゅｚジャや :∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩⊥キヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ∠ ヤｚシ ∠ や∠クま͡» «マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ :∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ∩∠マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (When t he Jews greet you, one of t hem would say, ` As-Samu ` Alayka (deat h be unt o you).' Therefore, say, ` Wa ` Alayka (and t he same t o you).') In his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩͡ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ン∠ケゅ∠ダレｚ ャや∠ヱ キ∠ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや やヱ⊥ぺギ∠ ∇らゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ヮ͡ボΒ∠ ∇ッぺ∠ ヴャ͡ま ∇ユワ⊥ ヱぁゲト ∠ ∇ッゅ∠プ ペ ∃ Α͡ゲデ ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠ (Do not init iat e greet ing t he Jews and Christ ians wit h t he Salam, and when you pass by t hem on a road, force t hem t o it s narrowest pat h.) Abu Dawud recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヴｚわェ ∠ る∠ ⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ぁャキ⊥ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ぺ∠ ∩やヲぁよゅ∠エゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ «ユ⊥ムレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや やヲ⊥ゼ∇プぺ∠ ∨∇ユわ⊥ ∇らよ∠ ゅ∠エゎ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ や∠クま͡ ゲ∃ ∇ョぺ∠ (By He in Whose Hand is my soul! You will not ent er Paradise unt il you believe, and you will not believe unt il you love each ot her. Should I direct you t o an act ion t hat would direct you t o love each ot her Spread t he Salam among yourselves.) Allah said,

びヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやぴ (Allah! none has t he right t o be worshipped but He) informing t hat He is singled out as t he sole God of all creat ion. Allah t hen said,

びヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ バ∠ ヨ∠ ∇イΒ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Surely, He will gat her you t oget her on t he Day of Resurrect ion about which t here is no doubt .) swearing t hat He will gat her t he earlier and lat t er generat ions in one area, rewarding or punishing each person according t o his or her act ions. Allah said,

びゅ⇔んΑ͡ギェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ベ ⊥ ギ∠ ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And who is t ruer in st at ement t han Allah) meaning, no one ut t ers more t rut hful st at ement s t han Allah, in His promise, warning, st ories of t he past and informat ion of what is t o come; t here is no deit y wort hy of worship nor Lord except Him.

ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ゃ∠ プ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ｚッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∇ヰゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱぁキヱ∠ - Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Κ ∠ プ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ヲシ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムわ∠ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎぁ ギ∠ィヱ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥グガ ⊥ プ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤダ ͡ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇れゲ∠ ダ ͡ ェ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀ペ⇒∠んΒあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ャゴ∠ わ∠ ∇ハや ラ ͡ み͡プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ⇒∠ボヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ト ∠ ヤｚジ ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠ジ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ͡イ∠わ∠シ - Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ る͡ レ͡ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱぁキケ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ｚモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥レョ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠ジ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ャゴ͡ わ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ プ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ジミ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ヘボ͡ を͡ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥グガ ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヲぁヘム⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ び ゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ (88. Then what is t he mat t er wit h you t hat you are divided int o t wo part ies about t he hypocrit es Allah has cast t hem back because of what t hey have earned. Do you want t o guide

him whom Allah has made t o go ast ray And he whom Allah has made t o go ast ray, you will never find for him a way.) (89. They wish t hat you rej ect fait h, as t hey have rej ect ed, and t hus t hat you all become equal (like one anot her). So t ake not Awliya' from t hem, t ill t hey emigrat e in t he way of Allah. But if t hey t urn back, t ake (hold of) t hem and kill t hem wherever you find t hem, and t ake neit her Awliya' nor helpers from t hem.) (90. Except t hose who j oin a group, bet ween you and whom t here is a t reat y (of peace), or t hose who approach you wit h t heir breast s rest raining from fight ing you as well as fight ing t heir own people. Had Allah willed, indeed He would have given t hem power over you, and t hey would have fought you. So, if t hey wit hdraw from you, and fight not against you, and offer you peace, t hen Allah has made no way for you against t hem.) (91. You will find ot hers t hat wish t o have securit y from you and securit y from t heir people. Every t ime t hey are sent back t o Fit nah, t hey yield t heret o. If t hey wit hdraw not from you, nor offer you peace, nor rest rain t heir hands, t ake (hold of) t hem and kill t hem wherever you Thaqift umuhum. In t heir case, We have provided you wit h a clear warrant against t hem.)

Censuring the Companions for Disagreeing over the Hypocrites who Returned to Al-Madinah Before Uhud Allah crit icizes t he believers for disagreeing over t he hypocrit es. There are conflict ing opinions over t he reason behind revealing t his Ayah. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Zayd bin Thabit said t hat Messenger of Allah marched t owards Uhud. However, some people who accompanied him went back t o Al-Madinah, and t he Companions of t he Messenger of Allah divided int o t wo groups concerning t hem, one saying t hey should be killed and t he ot her obj ect ing. Allah sent down,

びリ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ゃ∠ プ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (Then what is t he mat t er wit h you t hat you are divided int o t wo part ies about t he hypocrit es) The Messenger of Allah said,

ゲ⊥ Β͡ム∇ャや ヶ͡ヘ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∩∠ゑら∠ ガ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡ヘ∇レゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥るら∠ ∇Βデ ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡» «ギΑ͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや ゑ ∠ ら∠ カ ∠ (She (Al-Madinah) is Taybah, and she expels filt h, j ust as t he billow expels rust from iron.) The Two Sahihs also recorded t his Hadit h. Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah was revealed about some people in Makkah who said t hey embraced Islam, yet t hey gave t heir support t o t he idolat ors. One t ime, t heses people went out of Makkah t o fulfill some needs and said t o each ot her, "If we meet t he Companions of Muhammad, t here will be no harm for us from t heir side.'' When t he believers got news t hat t hese people went out of Makkah, some of t hem said, "Let us march t o t hese cowards and kill t hem, because t hey support your enemy against you.'' However, anot her group from t he believers said, "Glory be t o Allah! Do you kill a people who say as you have said, j ust because t hey did not perform Hij rah or leave t heir land Is it allowed t o shed t heir blood and confiscat e t heir money in t his case'' So t hey divided t o t wo groups, while t he Messenger was wit h t hem, and did not prohibit eit her group from reit erat ing t heir argument . Thereaft er, Allah revealed,

びリ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ゃ∠ プ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (Then what is t he mat t er wit h you t hat you are divided int o t wo part ies about t he hypocrit es) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t his Hadit h. Allah said,

び∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (Allah has cast t hem back because of what t hey have earned.) meaning, He made t hem revert t o, and fall int o error. Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ぴ (Arkasahum) means, ` cast t hem' . Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ぴ (because of what t hey have earned) means, because of t heir defiance and disobedience t o t he Messenger and following falsehood.

モ ͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ｚッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∇ヰ∠ゎ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ ぺ∠ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (Do you want t o guide him whom Allah has made t o go ast ray And he whom Allah has made t o go ast ray, you will never find for him a way.) meaning, t here will be no pat h for him, or way t o guidance. Allah's st at ement ,

び￢⇔ へ∠ヲシ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムわ∠ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱぁキヱ∠ ぴ (They wish t hat you rej ect fait h, as t hey have rej ect ed, and t hus t hat you all become equal.) means, t hey wish t hat you fall int o misguidance, so t hat you and t hey are equal in t hat regard. This is because of t heir ext reme enmit y and hat red for you. Therefore, Allah said,

モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ￢∠ べΒ∠ ャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや

(So t ake not Awliya' from t hem, t ill t hey emigrat e in t he way of Allah. But if t hey t urn back,) if t hey abandon Hij rah, as Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas. As-Suddi said t hat t his part of t he Ayah means, "If t hey make t heir disbelief public.''

Combatants and Noncombatants Allah excluded some people;

び∀ペ⇒∠んΒあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤダ ͡ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except t hose who j oin a group, bet ween you and whom t here is a t reat y (of peace),) meaning, except t hose who j oin and t ake refuge wit h a people wit h whom you have a pact of peace, or people of Dhimmah, t hen t reat t hem as you t reat t he people wit h whom you have peace. This is t he saying of As-Suddi, Ibn Zayd and Ibn Jarir. In his Sahih, Al-Bukhari recorded t he st ory of t he t reat y of Al-Hudaybiyyah, where it was ment ioned t hat whoever liked t o have peace wit h Quraysh and conduct a pact wit h t hem, t hen t hey were allowed. Those who liked t o have peace wit h Muhammad and his Companions and ent er a pact wit h t hem were allowed. It was report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t his Ayah was lat er abrogat ed by Allah's st at ement ,

∠リΒ͡ミ͡ゲ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プ ュ⊥ ゲ⊥ エ ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇セΕ ∠や オ ∠ ヤ∠ジ ∠ ルや や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ び∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎぁ ギ∠ィヱ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ (Then when t he Sacred Mont hs have passed, kill t he idolat ors wherever you find t hem) Allah said,

び∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ∇れゲ∠ ダ ͡ ェ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or t hose who approach you wit h t heir breast s rest raining) referring t o anot her t ype of people covered by t he exclusion from fight ing. They are t hose who approach t he Muslims wit h hesit at ion in t heir heart s because of t heir aversion t o fight ing t he Muslims. They do not have t he heart t o fight wit h t he Muslims against t heir own people. Therefore, t hey are neit her wit h nor against Muslims.

び∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ⇒∠ボヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ト ∠ ヤｚジ ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Had Allah willed, indeed He would have given t hem power over you, and t hey would have fought you.) meaning, it is from Allah's mercy t hat He has st opped t hem from fight ing you.

びユ∠ ヤ∠ジ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ャゴ∠ わ∠ ∇ハや ラ ͡ み͡プ∠ ぴ

(So, if t hey wit hdraw from you, and fight not against you, and offer you peace,) meaning, t hey revert t o peace,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (t hen Allah has opened no way for you against t hem), you do not have t he right t o kill t hem, as long as t hey t ake t his posit ion. This was t he posit ion of Banu Hashim (t he t ribe of t he Prophet ), such as Al-` Abbas, who accompanied t he idolat ors in t he bat t le of Badr, for t hey j oined t he bat t le wit h great hesit at ion. This is why t he Prophet commanded t hat Al-` Abbas not be killed, but only capt ured. Allah's st at ement , d

∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥レョ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ͡イ∠わ∠シぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ (You will find ot hers t hat wish t o have securit y from you and securit y from t heir people.) refers t o a t ype of people who on t he surface appear t o be like t he t ype we j ust ment ioned. However, t he int ent ion of each t ype is different , for t he lat t er are hypocrit es. They pret end t o be Muslims wit h t he Prophet and his Companions, so t hat t hey could at t ain safet y wit h t he Muslims for t heir blood, propert y and families. However, t hey support t he idolat ors in secret and worship what t hey worship, so t hat t hey are at peace wit h t hem also. These people have secret ly sided wit h t he idolat ors, j ust as Allah described t hem,

び∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ Β͡ト⇒∠Βセ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヲヤ∠カ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (But when t hey are alone wit h t heir Shayat in, t hey say: "Truly, we are wit h you.''). In t his Ayah, Allah said,

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡ プ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ジミ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ る͡ レ͡ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱぁキケ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ｚモミ⊥ ぴ (Every t ime t hey are sent back t o Fit nah, t hey yield t heret o.) meaning, t hey dwell in Fit nah. As-Suddi said t hat t he Fit nah ment ioned here refers t o Shirk. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Muj ahid said t hat t he Ayah was revealed about a group from Makkah who used t o go t o t he Prophet in Al-Madinah pret ending t o be Muslims. However, when t hey went back t o Quraysh, t hey revert ed t o worshipping idols. They want ed t o be at peace wit h bot h sides. Allah commanded t hey should be fought against , unless t hey wit hdraw from combat and resort t o peace. This is why Allah said,

びユ∠ ヤ∠ジ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ャゴ͡ わ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (If t hey wit hdraw not from you, nor offer you peace) meaning, revert t o peaceful and complacent behavior,

び∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヲぁヘム⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor rest rain t heir hands) refrain from fight ing you,

び∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥グガ ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (t ake (hold of) t hem), capt ure t hem,

び∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ヘボ͡ を∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホや∠ヱぴ (and kill t hem wherever you Thaqif t umuhum.), wherever you find t hem,

びゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ͡ゃ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥∠ヱぴ (In t heir case, We have provided you wit h a clear warrant against t hem), meaning an unequivocal and plain warrant .

リ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∠トカ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ モ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ リ ∃ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ∀る∠Αキ͡ ヱ∠ る∃ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ る∃ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ゲ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∠トカ ∠ ゅ⇔レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡みプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホギｚ ダ ｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤｚジ ∠ ョぁ ラ͡まヱ∠ る∃ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ る∃ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ゲ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ∀リョ͡ ∇ぽ∇ョ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ｙヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤｚジ ∠ ョぁ る∀ Α∠ ギ͡ プ∠ ∀ベゅ∠んΒあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ュ⊥ ゅ∠Βダ ͡ プ∠ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ヨプ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ る∃ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ゲ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇エゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ る⇔ よ∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠わわ∠ ョ⊥ リ ͡ ∇Αゲ∠ ∇ヰセ ∠ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ロ⊥ ぼ⊥ へ∠ゴイ ∠ プ∠ や⇔ギあヨバ∠ わ∠ ョぁ ゅ⇔レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇モわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ょ ∠ ツ ͡ ビ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ や⇔ギ͡ャゅ∠カ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ (92. It is not for a believer t o kill a believer except by mist ake; and whosoever kills a believer by mist ake, he must set free a believing slave and submit compensat ion (blood money) t o t he deceased's family unless t hey remit it . If t he deceased belonged t o a people at war wit h you and he was a believer, t he freeing of a believing slave (is prescribed); and if he belonged t o a people wit h whom you have a t reat y of mut ual alliance, t hen compensat ion (blood money) must be paid t o his family, and a believing slave must be freed. And whoso finds t his beyond his means, he must fast for t wo consecut ive mont hs in order t o seek repent ance from Allah. And Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise.) (93. And whoever kills a believer int ent ionally, his recompense is Hell t o abide t herein; and t he wrat h and t he curse of Allah are upon him, and a great punishment is prepared for him.)

The Ruling Concerning Killing a Believer by Mistake Allah st at es t hat t he believer is not allowed t o kill his believing brot her under any circumst ances. In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Ibn Mas` ud said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩⊥ぶや ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ユ∃ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや ュ⊥ キ∠ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ» ザ ⊥ ∇ヘｚレャや :ゐ ∃ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ン∠ギ∇ェみ͡よ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ∩͡ぶや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヶあル∠ぺ∠ヱ ベ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ レ͡ Α͡ギャ͡ ポ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚわャや∠ヱ ∩ヶ͡ルやｚゴャや ょ ⊥ Βあ んｚ ャや∠ヱ ∩͡ザ∇ヘレｚ ャゅ͡よ «る∠ハゅ∠ヨイ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ (The blood of a Muslim who t est ifies t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah and t hat I am t he Messenger of Allah, is sacred, except in t hree inst ances. (They are:) life for life, t he married adult erer, and whoever revert s from t he religion and abandons t he Jama` ah (communit y of t he fait hful believers).) When one commit s any of t hese t hree offenses, it is not up t o ordinary cit izens t o kill him or her, because t his is t he responsibilit y of t he Muslim Leader or his deput y. Allah said,

びゅ⇔ゃ∠トカ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except by mist ake). There is a t his part of t he Ayah. Muj ahid Rabi` ah, Abu Jahl's half brot her, man called Al-Harit h bin Yazid

difference of opinion concerning t he reason behind revealing and ot hers said t hat it was revealed about ` Ayyash bin Abi from his mot her's side, Asma' bint Makhrabah. ` Ayyash killed a Al-` Amiri, out of revenge for t ort uring him and his brot her

because of t heir Islam. That man lat er embraced Islam and performed Hij rah, but ` Ayyash did not know t his fact . On t he Day of t he Makkan conquest , ` Ayyash saw t hat man and t hought t hat he was st ill a disbeliever, so he at t acked and killed him. Lat er, Allah sent down t his Ayah. ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said t hat t his Ayah was revealed about Abu Ad-Darda' because he killed a man aft er he embraced t he fait h, j ust as Abu Ad-Darda' held t he sword above him. When t his mat t er was conveyed t o t he Messenger of Allah , Abu Ad-Darda' said, "He only said t hat t o avert deat h.'' The Prophet said t o him,

«ヮ͡ら∇ヤホ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ボボ∠ セ ∠ ゅｚヤワ∠ » (Have you opened his heart ) The basis for t his st ory is in t he Sahih, but it is not about Abu AdDarda'. Allah said,

る∃ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ る∃ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ゲ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∠トカ ∠ ゅ⇔レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤｚジ ∠ ョぁ る∀ Α∠ キ͡ ヱ∠ (and whosoever kills a believer by mist ake, he must set free a believing slave and submit compensat ion (blood money) t o t he deceased's family) t hus, ordaining t wo requirement s for murder by mist ake. The first requirement is t he Kaffarah (fine) for t he great sin t hat has been commit t ed, even if it was a mist ake. The Kaffarah is t o free a Muslim slave, not a non-Muslim slave. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat a man from t he Ansar said t hat he brought a slave and said, "O Messenger of Allah! I have t o free a believing slave, so if you see t hat t his slave is a believer, I will free her.'' The Messenger of Allah asked her,

«∨⊥ぶや ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ぺ∠» (Do you t est ify t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah) She said, "Yes.'' He asked her,

«∨͡ぶや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヶあルぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ぺ∠» (Do you t est ify t hat I am t he Messenger of Allah) She said, "Yes.'' He asked,

«∨͡れ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゑ ͡ ∇バら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ぺ∠» (Do you believe in Resurrect ion aft er deat h) She said, "Yes.'' The Prophet said,

«ゅ∠ヰ∇ボわ͡ ∇ハぺ∠»

(Then free her.) This is an aut hent ic chain of narrat ion, and not knowing t he name of t he Ansari Companion does not lessen it s aut hent icit y. Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤｚジ ∠ ョぁ る∀ Α∠ キ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and submit compensat ion (blood money) t o t he deceased's family) is t he second obligat ion which involves t he killer and t he family of t he deceased, who will receive blood money as compensat ion for t heir loss. The compensat ion is only obligat ory for t he one who possesses one of five; as Imam Ahmad, and t he Sunan compilers recorded from Ibn Mas` ud. He said; "Allah's Messenger det ermined t hat t he Diyah (blood money) for unint ent ional murder is t went y camels which ent ered t heir fourt h year, t went y camels which ent ered t heir fift h year, t went y camels which ent ered t heir second year, and t went y camels which ent ered t heir t hird year.'' This is t he wording of An-Nasa'i. This Diyah is required from t he elders of t he killer's t ribe, not from his own money. In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "Two women from Hudhayl quarreled and one of t hem t hrew a st one at t he ot her and killed her and her unborn fet us. They disput ed before t he Messenger of Allah and he decided t hat t he Diyah of t he fet us should be t o free a male or a female slave. He also decided t hat t he Diyah of t he deceased is required from t he elders of t he killer's t ribe.'' This Hadit h indicat es t hat in t he case of what appears t o be int ent ional murder, t he Diyah is t he same as t hat for killing by virt ual mist ake. The former t ype requires t hree t ypes of Diyah, j ust like int ent ional murder, because it is somewhat similar t o int ent ional murder. Al-Bukhari recorded in his Sahih t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said, "The Messenger of Allah sent Khalid bin Al-Walid t o Banu Jadhimah and he called t hem t o Islam, but t hey did not know how t o say, ` We became Muslims.' They st art ed saying, ` Saba'na, Saba'na (we became Sabians). Khalid st art ed killing t hem, and when t his news was conveyed t o t he Messenger of Allah , he raised his hands and said,

«ギ͡ャゅ∠カ ノ∠ レ∠ タ ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ぺ⊥ゲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» (O Allah! I declare my innocence before You of what Khalid did.) The Messenger sent ` Ali t o pay t he Diyah of t hose who were killed and t o compensat e for t he propert y t hat was dest royed, t o t he ext ent of replacing t he dog's bowl. This Hadit h indicat es t hat t he mist ake of t he Leader or his deput y (Khalid in t his case) is paid from t he Muslim Treasury. Allah said,

び∇やヲ⊥ホギｚ ダ ｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (unless t hey remit it ), meaning, t he Diyah must be delivered t o t he family of t he deceased, unless t hey forfeit t heir right , in which case t he Diyah does not become necessary. Allah's st at ement ,

ゲ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ∀リョ͡ ∇ぽ∇ョ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ｙヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ びる∃ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ る∃ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ (If t he deceased belonged t o a people at war wit h you and he was a believer, t he freeing of a believing slave (is prescribed);) means, if t he murdered person was a believer, yet his family

were combat ant disbelievers, t hen t hey will receive no Diyah. In t his case, t he murderer only has t o free a believing slave. Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ベゅ∠んΒあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (and if he belonged t o a people wit h whom you have a t reat y of mut ual alliance,) meaning, if t he family of t he deceased were from Ahl Adh-Dhimmah or wit h whom t here is a peace t reat y, t hen t hey deserve his Diyah; full Diyah if t he deceased was a believer, in which case t he killer is required t o free a believing slave also.

びリ ͡ ∇Βバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠わわ∠ ョ⊥ リ ͡ ∇Αゲ∠ ∇ヰセ ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠Βダ ͡ プ∠ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (And whoso finds t his beyond his means, he must fast for t wo consecut ive mont hs) wit hout breaking t he fast (in t he days of ) t he t wo mont hs. If he breaks t he fast wit hout j ust ificat ion, i.e. illness, menst ruat ion, post -nat al bleeding, t hen he has t o st art all over again. Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ∠ラゅ∠ミ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ る⇔ よ∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ ぴ (t o seek repent ance from Allah. And Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise.) means, t his is how t he one who kills by mist ake can repent , he fast s t wo consecut ive mont hs if he does not find a slave t o free.

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise), we ment ioned t he explanat ion of t his before.

Warning Against Intentional Murder Aft er Allah ment ioned t he ruling of unint ent ional murder, He ment ioned t he ruling for int ent ional murder. Allah said,

びや⇔ギあヨバ∠ わ∠ ョぁ ゅ⇔レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇モわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever kills a believer int ent ionally,) This Ayah carries a st ern warning and promise for t hose who commit so grave a sin t hat it is ment ioned along wit h Shirk in several Ayat of Allah's Book. For inst ance, in Surat Al-Furqan, Allah said,

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ びペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ザ ∠ ∇ヘレｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ (And t hose who invoke not any ot her god along wit h Allah, nor kill such person as Allah has forbidden, except for j ust cause). Allah said,

∇やヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ∇ゎぺ∠ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ (Say: "Come, I will recit e what your Lord has prohibit ed you from: Join not anyt hing in worship wit h Him.) 6:151 . There are many Ayat and Hadit hs t hat prohibit murder. In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Ibn Mas` ud said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヶ͡プ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ∠ツ∇ボΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠» «￢ゅ∠ョギあ ャや (Blood offenses are t he first disput es t o be j udged bet ween t he people on t he Day of Resurrect ion. ) In a Hadit h t hat Abu Dawud recorded, ` Ubadah bin As-Samit st at es t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ⇔ョキ∠ ∇ょダ ͡ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩ゅ⇔エャ͡ゅ∠タ ゅ⇔ボレ͡ ∇バョ⊥ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや メ ⊥ や∠ゴΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ウｚヤよ∠ ゅ⇔ョや∠ゲェ ∠ ゅョ⇔ キ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ョや∠ゲェ ∠ (The believer will remain unburdened in right eousness as long as he does not shed prohibit ed blood. When he sheds forbidden blood, he will become burdened.) Anot her Hadit h, st at es,

モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ モ ͡ ∇わホ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ラ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや メ ⊥ や∠ヱゴ∠ ャ∠» «ユ͡ヤ∇ジョ⊥ (The dest ruct ion of t his eart hly life is less significant before Allah t han killing a Muslim man (or woman).)

Will the Repentance of those who Commit Intentional Murder, be Accepted Ibn ` Abbas held t he view t hat t he repent ance of one who int ent ionally murders a believer, will not be accept ed. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn Jubayr said, "The people of knowledge of AlKufah differed on t his subj ect , I t raveled t o Ibn ` Abbas t o ask him about it . He said, ` This Ayah,

びユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ロ⊥ ぼ⊥ へ∠ゴイ ∠ プ∠ や⇔ギあヨバ∠ わ∠ ョぁ ゅ⇔レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇モわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever kills a believer int ent ionally, his recompense is Hell) was t he last revealed on t his subj ect and not hing abrogat ed it .''' Muslim and An-Nasa'i also recorded it . However, t he maj orit y of scholars of t he earlier and lat er generat ions said t hat t he killer's repent ance can be accept ed. If he repent s, and goes back t o Allah humbly, submissively, and performing right eous deeds, t hen Allah will change his evil deeds int o good deeds and compensat e t he deceased for his loss by rewarding him for his suffering. Allah said, R

びゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who invoke not any ot her god along wit h Allah), unt il,

びゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ Κ ⇔ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except t hose who repent and believe, and do right eous deeds). The Ayah we j ust ment ioned should not be considered abrogat ed or only applicable t o t he disbelievers who become Muslim , for t his cont radict s t he general, encompassing indicat ions of t he Ayah and requires evidence t o support it . Allah knows best . Allah said,

∇やヲ⊥トレ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ョ (Say: "O My servant s who have t ransgressed against t hemselves! Despair not of t he mercy of Allah). This Ayah is general, covering all t ypes of sins, including Kufr, Shirk, doubt , hypocrisy, murder, sin, and so fort h. Therefore, everyone who repent s sincerely from any of t hese errors, t hen Allah will forgive him. Allah said,

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ゅ∠ョ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠

(Verily, Allah forgives not t hat part ners should be set up wit h Him (in worship), but He forgives except t hat (anyt hing else) t o whom He wills). This Ayah is general and includes every sin except Shirk, and it has been ment ioned in t his Surah, bot h aft er t his Ayah and before it , in order t o encourage hope in Allah, and Allah knows best . It is confirmed in t he Two Sahihs, t hat an Israeli killed one hundred people t hen he asked a scholar, "Is it possible for me t o repent '' So he replied, "What is t here t hat would prevent you from repent ance'' So he t old him t o go t o anot her land where Allah was worshipped. He began t o emigrat e t o it but died on t he way, and t he angel of mercy was t he one t o t ake him. Alt hough t his Hadit h is about an Israeli, it is even more suit able for t he Muslim communit y t hat t heir repent ance be accept ed. Indeed, Allah relieved Muslims from t he burdens and rest rict ions t hat were placed on t he Jews, and He sent our Prophet wit h t he easy Hanifiyyah way (Islamic Monot heism). As for t he honorable Ayah,

びや⇔ギあヨバ∠ わ∠ ョぁ ゅ⇔レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇モわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever kills a believer int ent ionally), Abu Hurayrah and several among t he Salaf said t hat t his is his punishment , if Allah decides t o punish him. And t his is t he case wit h every t hreat t hat is issued for every sin. For inst ance, t here could be good deeds t hat t his person has done t hat would prevent him from being punished for t hat , and Allah knows best . Even if t he murderer inevit ably ent ers t he Fire -- as Ibn ` Abbas st at ed because his repent ance was not accept ed, or he did not have good deeds t o save him, he will not remain t here for et ernit y, but only for a long t ime. There are Mut awat ir Hadit hs st at ing t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

り∃ ケｚ ク∠ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡» «ラゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇リョ͡ (Whoever has t he least speck of fait h in his heart shall ult imat ely depart t he Fire.)

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇よゲ∠ ッ ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ ろ ∠ ∇ジャ∠ ユ∠ ⇒∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲレ⊥ Βｚ ら∠ わ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇レバ͡ プ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや チ ∠ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らゎ∠ ゅ⇔レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ヨ∠ プ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミ ∀りゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ ユ⊥ ル͡ ゅ∠ピョ∠ び や⇔ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲヤ⊥ヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レΒｚ ら∠ わ∠ プ∠ (94. O you who believe! When you go (t o fight ) in t he cause of Allah, verify (t he t rut h), and say not t o anyone who greet s you: "You are not a believer;'' seeking t he perishable goods of t he worldly life. There is much more benefit wit h Allah. Even as he is now, so were you yourselves before, t ill Allah conferred on you His Favors, t herefore, be caut ious in discriminat ion. Allah is Ever Well-Aware of what you do.)

Greeting with the Salam is a Sign of Islam Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Ikrimah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "A man from Bani Sulaym, who was t ending a flock of sheep, passed by some of t he Companions of t he Prophet and said Salam t o t hem. They said (t o each ot her), ` He only said Salam t o prot ect himself from us.' Then t hey at t acked him and killed him. They brought his sheep t o t he Prophet , and t his Ayah was revealed,

び∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ (O you who believe!), unt il t he end of t he Ayah.'' At -Tirmidhi recorded t his in his (chapt er on) Tafsir, and said, "This Hadit h is Hasan, and it is also report ed from Usamah bin Zayd.'' Al-Hakim also recorded it and said, "It s chain is Sahih, but t hey did not collect it .'' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed;

びゅ⇔レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ろ ∠ ∇ジャ∠ ユ∠ ⇒∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and say not t o anyone who greet s you: "You are not a believer;''), "A man was t ending his sheep and t he Muslims caught up wit h him. He said, ` As-Salamu ` Alaykum.' However, t hey killed him and t ook his sheep. Allah revealed t he Ayah;

ゅ⇔レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ろ ∠ ∇ジャ∠ ユ∠ ⇒∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや チ ∠ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らゎ∠ (And say not t o anyone who greet s you: "You are not a believer; seeking t he perishable goods of t he worldly life).'' Ibn ` Abbas said; "The goods of t his world were t hose sheep.'' And he recit ed,

びユ⊥ ⇒∠ヤジ ｚ ャやぴ (Peace) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Al-Qa` qa` bin Abdullah bin Abi Hadrad narrat ed t hat his fat her ` Abdullah bin Abi Hadrad said, "The Messenger of Allah sent us t o (t he area of) Idam. I rode out wit h a group of Muslims t hat included Abu Qat adah, Al-Harit h bin Rab` i and Muhallam bin Jut hamah bin Qays. We cont inued on unt il we reached t he area of Idam, where ` Amr bin Al-Adbat Al-Ashj a` i passed by us on his camel. When he passed by us he said Salam t o us, and we did not at t ack him. Because of some previous problems wit h him, Muhallam bin Jut hamah killed him and t ook his camel. When we went back t o t he Messenger of Allah and t old him what had happened, a part of t he Qur'an was revealed about us,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇よゲ∠ ッ ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ (O you who believe! When you go (t o fight ) in t he cause of Allah), unt il,

びや⇔ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ぴ (Well-Aware).'' Only Ahmad recorded t his Hadit h. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t o Al-Miqdad,

ケ∃ ゅｚヘミ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ノ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ヶ͡ヘ∇ガΑ⊥ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や∠クま͡» ヶ͡ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ムプ∠ ∩⊥ヮわ∠ ∇ヤわ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ∠ルゅ∠ヨΑま ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ニほ∠プ∠ «モ∇らホ∠ ∇リョ͡ る∠ ムｚ ヨ∠ よ͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま (You killed a believing man who hid his fait h wit h disbelieving people, aft er he had announced his fait h t o you. Remember t hat you used t o hide your fait h in Makkah before.) Al-Bukhari recorded t his short er version wit hout a complet e chain of narrat ors. However a longer version wit h a connect ed chain of narrat ors has also been recorded. Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bazzar recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah sent a milit ary expedit ion under t he aut horit y of Al-Miqdad bin Al-Aswad and when t hey reached t he designat ed area, t hey found t he people had dispersed. However, a man wit h a lot of wealt h did not leave and said, ` I bear wit ness t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah.' Yet , Al-Miqdad killed him, and a man said t o him, ` You killed a man aft er he proclaimed: "There is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah. By Allah I will ment ion what you did t o t he Prophet .' When t hey went back t o t he Messenger of Allah, t hey said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Al-Miqdad killed a man who t est ified t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah.' He said,

:メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ぺ∠ キ⊥ や∠ギ∇ボョ͡ ゅ∠Α ∩∠キや∠ギ∇ボヨ͡ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ ャ͡ やヲ⊥ハ∇キや» «∨や⇔ギビ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ヤよ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ぶや ゅｚャま ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ャ (Summon Al-Miqdad before me. O Miqdad! Did you kill a man who proclaimed, "There is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah" What would you do when you face, "There is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah t omorrow") Allah t hen revealed;

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇よゲ∠ ッ ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ ろ ∠ ∇ジャ∠ ユ∠ ⇒∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レΒｚ ら∠ わ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇レバ͡ プ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや チ ∠ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らゎ∠ ゅ⇔レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥

∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ヨ∠ プ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミ ∀りゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ ユ⊥ ル͡ ゅ∠ピョ∠ び∇やヲ⊥レΒｚ ら∠ わ∠ プ∠ (O you who believe! When you go (t o fight ) in t he cause of Allah, verify (t he t rut h), and say not t o anyone who greet s you: "You are not a believer;'' seeking t he perishable goods of t he worldly life. There are much more profit s and boot ies wit h Allah. Even as he is now, so were you yourselves before t ill Allah conferred on you His Favors, t herefore, be caut ious in discriminat ion). The Messenger of Allah said t o Al-Miqdad,

ケ∃ ゅｚヘミ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ノ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ヶ͡ヘ∇ガΑ⊥ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ» ヶ͡ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ム∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮわ∠ ∇ヤわ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ∠ルゅ∠ヨΑま ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ニほ∠プ∠ «モ∇らホ∠ ∇リョ͡ る∠ ムｚ ヨ∠ よ͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま (He was a believing man who hid his fait h among disbelieving people, and he announced his fait h t o you, but you killed him, alt hough you used t o hide your fait h before, in Makkah.)'' Allah's st at ement ,

び∀りゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ ユ⊥ ル͡ ゅ∠ピョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇レバ͡ プ∠ ぴ (There is much more benefit wit h Allah.) means, bet t er t han what you desired of worldly possessions which made you kill t he one who greet ed you wit h t he Salam and pronounced his fait h t o you. Yet , you ignored all t his and accused him of hypocrisy, t o acquire t he gains of t his life. However, t he pure wealt h wit h Allah is far bet t er t han what you acquired. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ｚ ヨ∠ プ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミぴ (so were you yourselves before, t ill Allah conferred on you His Favors.) means, beforehand, you used t o be in t he same sit uat ion like t his person who hid his fait h from his people. We ment ioned t he relevant Hadit hs above. Allah said,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘバ∠ ∇ツわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇クま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ (And remember when you were few and were reckoned weak in t he land). ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr comment ed about Allah's st at ement ,

びモ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミぴ (so were you yourselves before), "You used t o hide your fait h, j ust as t his shepherd hid his fait h.'' Allah said,

び∇やヲ⊥レΒｚ ら∠ わ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t herefore, be caut ious in discriminat ion), t hen said,

びや⇔ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Allah is Ever Well-Aware of what you do.) and t his part of t he Ayah cont ains a t hreat and a warning, as Sa` id bin Jubayr st at ed.

ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ｚぴ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ケ͡ ゲ∠ ツ ｚ ャや ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ∠ツ ｚ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ Κ ６ ⇒⊥ミヱ∠ る⇔ ィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ギバ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ギバ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ∠ツ ｚ プ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ (95. Not equal are t hose of t he believers who sit (at home), except t hose who are disabled, and t hose who st rive hard and fight in t he cause of Allah wit h t heir wealt h and t heir lives. Allah has preferred in grades t hose who st rive hard and fight wit h t heir wealt h and t heir lives above t hose who sit (at home). Unt o each, Allah has promised good (Paradise), but Allah has preferred t hose who st rive hard and fight , above t hose who sit (at home), by a huge reward.) (96. Degrees of (higher) grades from Him, and forgiveness and mercy. And Allah is Ever Oft Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

The Mujahid and those Who Do not Join Jihad are Not the Same, [and Jihad is Fard Kifayah] Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Al-Bara' said, "When t he Ayah,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ｚぴ (Not equal are t hose of t he believers who sit (at home),) was revealed, t he Messenger of Allah called Zayd and commanded him t o writ e it . Then, Ibn Umm Makt um came and ment ioned t hat he was blind. Allah revealed,

びケ͡ ゲ∠ ツ ｚ ャや ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ぴ (except t hose who are disabled (by inj ury or are blind or lame)).'' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Sahl bin Sa` d As-Sa` di said, "I saw Marwan bin Al-Hakam sit t ing in t he Masj id. I came and sat by his side. He t old us t hat Zayd bin Thabit t old him t hat Allah's Messenger dict at ed t his Ayah t o him,

ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ｚぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ケ͡ ゲ∠ ツ ｚ ャや (Not equal are t hose of t he believers who sit (at home), except t hose who are disabled, and t hose who st rive hard and fight in t he cause of Allah) Ibn Umm Makt um came t o t he Prophet as he was dict at ing t hat very Ayah t o me. Ibn Umm Makt um said, ` O Allah's Messenger! By Allah, if I had power, I would surely t ake part in Jihad.' He was a blind man. So Allah sent down revelat ion t o His Messenger while his t high was on mine and it became so heavy for me t hat I feared t hat my t high would be broken. That ended aft er Allah revealed,

びケ͡ ゲ∠ ツ ｚ ャや ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ぴ (except t hose who are disabled).'' This was recorded by Al-Bukhari. At -Tirmidhi recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ｚぴ びケ͡ ゲ∠ ツ ｚ ャや (Not equal are t hose of t he believers who sit (at home), except t hose who are disabled), refers t o t hose who did not go t o t he bat t le of Badr and t hose who went t o Badr. When t he bat t le of Badr was about t o occur, Abu Ahmad bin Jahsh and Ibn Umm Makt um said, ` We are blind, O Messenger of Allah! Do we have an excuse' The Ayah,

ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ｚぴ びケ͡ ゲ∠ ツ ｚ ャや (Not equal are t hose of t he believers who sit (at home), except t hose who are disabled) was revealed. Allah made t hose who fight , above t hose who sit in t heir homes not hindered by disabilit y.

や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ギバ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ∠ツ ｚ プ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ (but Allah has preferred t hose who st rive hard and fight , above t hose who sit (at home), by a huge reward. Degrees of (higher) grades from Him), above t he believers who sit at home wit hout a disabilit y hindering t hem.'' This is t he wording recorded by At -Tirmidhi, who said, "Hasan Gharib. Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ｚぴ (Not equal are t hose of t he believers who sit (at home),) t his is general. Soon aft er, t he revelat ion came down wit h,

びケ͡ ゲ∠ ツ ｚ ャや ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ぴ (except t hose who are disabled). So whoever has a disabilit y, such as blindness, a limp, or an illness t hat prevent s t hem from j oining Jihad, t hey were not compared t o t he Muj ahidin who st rive in Allah's cause wit h t heir selves and wealt h, as t hose who are not disabled and did not j oin t he Jihad were. In his Sahih, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Anas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∃ゲΒ͡ジョ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲシ ͡ ゅ∠ョ ゅ⇔ョや∠ヲ∇ホぺ∠ る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ｚ ま͡» «ヮΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∩∃キや∠ヱ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ ホ∠ : (There are people who remained in Al-Madinah, who were wit h you in every march you marched and every valley you crossed.) They said, "While t hey are st ill in Al-Madinah, O Messenger of Allah'' He said,

«ケ∇グバ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ら∠ ェ ∠ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ »

(Yes. Only t heir disabilit y hindered t hem (from j oining you).) Allah said,

びヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ６Κミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (Unt o each, Allah has promised good) meaning, Paradise and t remendous rewards. This Ayah indicat es t hat Jihad is not Fard on each and every individual, but it is Fard Kifayah (which is a collect ive dut y). Allah t hen said,

や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ギバ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ∠ツ ｚ プ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ヨΒヌ ͡ハ ∠ (but Allah has preferred t hose who st rive hard and fight , above t hose who sit (at home), by a huge reward). Allah ment ions what He has given t hem rooms in Paradise, along wit h His forgiveness and t he descent of mercy and blessing on t hem, as a favor and honor from Him. So He said;

や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ (Degrees of (higher) grades from Him, and forgiveness and mercy. And Allah is Ever Oft Forgiving, Most Merciful.). In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

リ ∠ Α͡ギワ͡ ゅ∠イヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ワギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ ∩∃るィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ る∠ も∠ ゅ͡ョ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡» ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ あモミ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩͡ヮ͡ヤΒ͡ら∠シ ヶ͡プ «チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ (There are a hundred grades in Paradise t hat Allah has prepared for t he Muj ahidin in His cause, bet ween each t wo grades is t he dist ance bet ween heaven and Eart h.)

∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒ｚプヲ∠ ゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ∇やヲ∇ャゅ∠ホ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ヘバ∠ ∇ツわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ユ∠ Β͡プ

マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲイ ͡ ⇒∠ヰわ⊥ プ∠ る⇔ バ∠ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや チ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ダョ∠ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠シヱ∠ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ Ι ∠ ラ ͡ ギ∠ ∇ャヲ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや∠ヱ メ ͡ ゅ∠ィゲあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヘバ∠ ∇ツわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ - Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヤ∠Β͡ェ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ や⇔ヲ∂ ヘ⊥ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヲ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ジハ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ゲ͡ィゅ∠ヰΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ る⇔ バ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∠ビや∠ゲョ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇ミケ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ や⇔ゲ͡イ⇒∠ヰョ⊥ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ∠ラゅ∠ミ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ ∠ ヤ∠ハ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ノ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ (97. Verily, as for t hose whom t he angels t ake (in deat h) while t hey are wronging t hemselves, t hey (angels) say (t o t hem): "In what (condit ion) were you'' They reply: "We were weak and oppressed on t he eart h.'' They (angels) say: "Was not t he eart h of Allah spacious enough for you t o emigrat e t herein'' Such men will find t heir abode in Hell - what an evil dest inat ion!) (98. Except t he weak ones among men, women and children who cannot devise a plan, nor are t hey able t o direct t heir way.) (99. These are t hey whom Allah is likely t o forgive t hem, and Allah is Ever Oft -Pardoning, Oft -Forgiving.) (100. He who emigrat es in t he cause of Allah, will find on eart h many dwelling places and plent y t o live by. And whosoever leaves his home as an emigrant unt o Allah and His Messenger, and deat h overt akes him, his reward is t hen surely incumbent upon Allah. And Allah is Ever Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

The Prohibition of Residing Among the Disbelievers While Able to Emigrate Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Muhammad bin ` Abdur-Rahman, Abu Al-Aswad, said, "The people of Al-Madinah were forced t o prepare an army (t o fight against t he people of Ash-Sham during t he Khilafah of Abdullah bin Az-Zubayir at Makkah), and I was enlist ed in it . Then I met ` Ikrimah, t he freed slave of Ibn ` Abbas, and informed him (about it ), and he forbade me st rongly from doing so (i.e., t o enlist in t hat army), and t hen he said t o me, ` Ibn ` Abbas t old me t hat some Muslims used t o go out wit h t he idolat ors increasing t he size of t heir army against t he Messenger of Allah . Then, an arrow would hit one of t hem and kill him, or he would be st ruck on his neck (wit h a sword) and killed, and Allah sent down t he Ayah,

び∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒ｚプヲ∠ ゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ

(Verily, as for t hose whom t he angels t ake (in deat h) while t hey are wronging t hemselves).'' AdDahhak st at ed t hat t his Ayah was revealed about some hypocrit es who did not j oin t he Messenger of Allah but remained in Makkah and went out wit h t he idolat ors for t he bat t le of Badr. They were killed among t hose who were killed. Thus, t his honorable Ayah was revealed about t hose who reside among t he idolat ors, while able t o perform Hij rah and unable t o pract ice t he fait h. Such people will be commit t ing inj ust ice against t hemselves and falling int o a prohibit ion according t o t he consensus and also according t o t his Ayah,

び∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒ｚプヲ∠ ゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, as for t hose whom t he angels t ake (in deat h) while t hey are wronging t hemselves,) by refraining from Hij rah,

び∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ユ∠ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They (angels) say (t o t hem): "In what (condit ion) were you'') meaning, why did you remain here and not perform Hij rah

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ヘバ∠ ∇ツわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They reply: "We were weak and oppressed on t he eart h.'') meaning, we are unable t o leave t he land or move about in t he eart h,

びる⇔ バ∠ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや チ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∇やヲ∇ャゅホ∠ ぴ (They (angels) say: "Was not t he eart h of Allah spacious enough for you). Abu Dawud recorded t hat Samurah bin Jundub said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ヮ⊥ヤ∇んョ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ リ ∠ ム∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ィ ∇リョ∠ » (Whoever mingles wit h t he idolat or and resides wit h him, he is j ust like him.) Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヘバ∠ ∇ツわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except t he weak) unt il t he end of t he Ayah, is an excuse t hat Allah gives for t his t ype of people not t o emigrat e, because t hey are unable t o free t hemselves from t he idolat ors. And even if t hey did, t hey would not know which way t o go. This is why Allah said,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヤ∠Β͡ェ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (Who cannot devise a plan, nor are t hey able t o direct t heir way), meaning, t hey do not find t he way t o emigrat e, as Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah and As-Suddi st at ed. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヲ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ジハ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ (These are t hey whom Allah is likely t o forgive t hem,) means, pardon t hem for not migrat ing, and here, ` likely' means He shall,

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ や⇔ヲ∂ ヘ⊥ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and Allah is Ever Oft -Pardoning, Oft -Forgiving). Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "While t he Messenger of Allah was praying ` Isha', he said, ` Sami` Allahu Liman Hamidah.' He t hen said before he prost rat ed,

る∠ ヨ∠ ヤ∠シ ∠ ア ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩∠るバ∠ Β͡よケ∠ ヶ͡よぺ リ ∠ ∇よ ス ∠ ゅｚΒハ ∠ ア ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» ア ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩͡ギΒ͡ャヲ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇よ ギ∠ Β͡ャヲ∠ ∇ャや ア ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩∃ュゅ∠ゼワ͡ リ ∠ ∇よ マ ∠ ゎ∠ ほ∠∇デヱ∠ ∇キギ⊥ ∇セや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヘバ∠ ∇ツわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや «ブ⊥シヲ⊥Α ヶ͡レジ ͡ ミ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レシ ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ィや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩∠ゲツ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (O Allah! Save ` Ayyash bin Abi Rabi` ah. O Allah! Save Salamah bin Hisham. O Allah! Save AlWalid bin Al-Walid. O Allah! Save t he weak Muslims. O Allah! Be very hard on Mudar t ribe. O Allah! Afflict t hem wit h years (of famine) similar t o t he (famine) years of t he t ime of Prophet Yusuf.)'' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu An-Nu` man said t hat Hammad bin Zayd said t hat Ayyub narrat ed t hat Ibn Abi Mulaykah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he verse,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヘバ∠ ∇ツわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except t he weak ones among men), "I and my mot her were among t hose (weak ones) whom Allah excused.'' Allah's st at ement ,

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ゲィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びる⇔ バ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∠ビや∠ゲョ⊥

(He who emigrat es in t he cause of Allah, will find on eart h many dwelling places and plent y t o live by.) t his encourages t he believers t o perform Hij rah and abandon t he idolat ors, for wherever t he believer emigrat es, he will find a safe refuge t o resort t o. Muj ahid said t hat ,

びや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∠ビや∠ゲョ⊥ ぴ (many dwelling places) means, he will find a way out of what he dislikes. Allah's st at ement ,

びる⇔ バ∠ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and plent y t o live by.) refers t o provision. Qat adah also said t hat ,

びる⇔ バ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∠ビや∠ゲョ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ ぴ (...will find on eart h many dwelling places and plent y t o live by.) means, Allah will t ake him from misguidance t o guidance and from povert y t o richness. Allah's st at ement ,

ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ や⇔ゲ͡イ⇒∠ヰョ⊥ ヮ͡ わ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ ∠ ヤ∠ハ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ノ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇ミケ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ (And whosoever leaves his home as an emigrant unt o Allah and His Messenger, and deat h overt akes him, his reward is t hen surely, incumbent upon Allah. ) means, whoever st art s emigrat ing and dies on t he way, he will acquire t he reward of t hose who emigrat e for Allah. The Two Sahihs, along wit h t he Musnad and Sunan compilers, recorded t hat ` Umar bin AlKhat t ab said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ョ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや あモム⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡れゅｚΒ⇒⇒あレャゅ͡よ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇ハほ∠∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡» ∩͡ヮャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇イワ͡ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩ン∠ヲル∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇イワ͡ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇イヰ͡ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇イヰ͡ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰィ ⊥ ヱｚ ゴ∠ わ∠ Α∠ り∃ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰら⊥ Β͡ダΑ⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルキ⊥ ヴャ͡ま «ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゲ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ワ ゅ∠ョ ヴャ͡ま (The reward of deeds depends upon t he int ent ions, and every person will be rewarded according t o what he has int ended. So, whoever emigrat ed t o Allah and His Messenger, t hen his

emigrat ion is for Allah and His Messenger. And whoever emigrat ed for worldly benefit s or for a woman t o marry, his emigrat ion is for what he emigrat ed for.) This Hadit h is general, it applies t o Hij rah as well as every ot her deed. In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat a man killed ninet y-nine people and complet ed t he number one hundred when he killed a worshipper. He t hen asked a scholar if he has a chance t o repent . The scholar said, "What prevent s you from repent ance'' The scholar t old t he killer t o emigrat e from his land t o anot her land where Allah is worshipped. When he left his land and st art ed on t he migrat ion t o t he ot her land, deat h overt ook him on t he way. The angels of mercy and t he angels of t orment disput ed about t he man, whereas t he former said t hat he went out in repent ance, while t he lat t er said t hat he did not arrive at his dest inat ion. They were commanded t o measure t he dist ance bet ween t he t wo lands and t o whichever land he is closer t o, he will be considered part of t hat land. Allah commanded t hat t he right eous land t o move closer and t he land of evil t o move fart her. The angels found t hat he died closer t o t he land t hat he int ended t o emigrat e t o by a hand-span, and t hus t he angels of mercy capt ured his soul. In anot her narrat ion, when deat h came t o t hat man, he moved his chest t owards t he right eous village t hat he emigrat ed t o.

ラ∠ぺ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇よゲ∠ ッ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ レ∠ わ͡ ∇ヘΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ ͡ ∇ラま͡ り͡ ヲヤｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ び ゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁ や⇔ヱ∂ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ (101. And when you Darabt um in t he land, t here is no sin on you if you short en t he Salah if you fear t hat t he disbelievers may put you in t rial, verily, t he disbelievers are ever unt o you open enemies.)

Salat Al-Qasr, Shortening the Prayer Allah said,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇よゲ∠ ッ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when you Darabt um in t he land,) meaning if you t ravel in t he land. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲョｚ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ シ ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ (He knows t hat t here will be some among you sick, ot hers Yadribuna (t raveling) t hrough t he land, seeking of Allah's bount y...) 73:20 . Allah's st at ement ,

びり͡ ヲヤｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (t here is no sin on you if you short en t he Salah (prayer)) by reducing (t he unit s of t he prayer) from four t o t wo. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ レ∠ わ͡ ∇ヘΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ ͡ ∇ラま͡ぴ (if you fear t hat t he disbelievers may put you in t rial (at t ack you)), refers t o t he t ypical t ype of fear prevalent when t his Ayah was revealed. In t he beginning of Islam, and aft er t he Hij rah, Muslims used t o experience fear during most of t heir t ravels. Rat her, t hey rest rict ed t heir movement s t o large or short milit ary expedit ions. During t hat era, most areas were areas of combat ant enemies of Islam and it s people. But when t he prevalent circumst ances cease, or a new sit uat ion is prevalent , decrees of t his nat ure may not be underst ood, as Allah said;

ラ ∠ ∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ￢͡ べ∠ピら͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠Βわ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ワ͡ゲ∇ムゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔レぁダエ ∠ ゎ∠ (And force not your slave girls t o prost it ut ion, if t hey desire chast it y). And His saying;

びユ⊥ ム⊥ も͡ べ∠ジルあ リあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヲ⊥イェ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ヴ͡わ⇒ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ら⊥ も͡ ゅ∠よケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And your st epdaught ers, under your guardianship, born of your wives whom you have gone int o) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ya` la bin Umayyah said, "I asked ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab about t he verse:

∇ラま͡ り͡ ヲヤｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ ぴ び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ レ∠ わ͡ ∇ヘΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ ͡ (t here is no sin on you if you short en t he prayer. If you fear t hat t he disbelievers may put you in t rial,) e ` Allah grant ed Muslims safet y now' ` Umar said t o me, ` I wondered about t he same t hing and asked t he Messenger of Allah about it and he said,

«ヮ∠わホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ やヲ⊥ヤら∠ ∇ホゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ぶ ⊥ やベ ∠ ギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ る∀ ⇒⇒∠ホギ∠ タ ∠ » (A gift t hat Allah has best owed on you, so accept His gift ).'' Muslim and t he collect ors of Sunan recorded t his Hadit h. At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih''. ` Ali bin Al-Madini said, "This Hadit h is Hasan Sahih from t he narrat ion of ` Umar, and it is not preserved by any ot her rout e besides

t his one, and it s narrat ors are all known.'' Abu Bakr Ibn Abi Shaybah recorded t hat Abu Hanzalah Al-Hadha' said, "I asked Ibn ` Umar about t he Qasr prayer and he said, ` It consist s of t wo Rak` ahs.' I said, what about Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ レ∠ わ͡ ∇ヘΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ ͡ ∇ラま͡ぴ (if you fear t hat t he disbelievers may put you in t rial (at t ack you),) ` We are safe now.' He said, ` This is t he Sunnah of t he Messenger of Allah .'''. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Anas said, "We went out wit h t he Messenger of Allah from Al-Madinah t o Makkah; he used t o pray t wo Rak` ahs unt il we went back t o Al-Madinah.'' When he was asked how long t hey remained in Makkah, he said, "We remained in Makkah for t en days.'' This was recorded by t he Group. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Harit hah bin Wahb Al-Khuza` i said, "I prayed behind t he Prophet for t he Zuhr and ` Asr prayers in Mina, when t he people were numerous and very safe, and he prayed t wo Rak` ahs.'' This was recorded by t he Group, wit h t he except ion of Ibn Maj ah. Al-Bukhari's narrat ion of t his Hadit h reads, "The Prophet led us in t he prayer at Mina during t he peace period by offering t wo Rak` ahs. ''

る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ ∇ユボ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヨホ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ∠シ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ エ ∠ ヤ͡∇シぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ マ ∠ バ∠ ョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∇ユャ∠ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ れ ͡ ∇ほわ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ∇グェ ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ マ ∠ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲぁヤダ ∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ∇やヲぁヤダ ∠ Α⊥ ∇リハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ⊥ ∇ピゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キｚ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ エ ∠ ヤ͡∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヤ∠∇Βョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤΒヨ͡ Β∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ バ∠ わ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ エ ∠ ヤ͡∇シぺ∠ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ト ∠ ョｚ リあョ ン⇔ク∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ ∇グェ ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ∠ エ ∠ ヤ͡∇シぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バツ ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲョｚ び ゅ⇔レΒ͡ヰョぁ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや (102. When you (O Messenger Muhammad ) are among t hem, and lead t hem in Salah, let one part y of t hem st and up in prayer wit h you, t aking t heir arms wit h t hem; when t hey finish t heir prost rat ions, let t hem t ake t heir posit ions in t he rear and let t he ot her part y come up which have not yet prayed, and let t hem pray wit h you, t aking all t he precaut ions and bearing arms. Those who disbelieve wish, if you were negligent of your arms and your baggage, t o at t ack you in a single rush, but t here is no sin on you if you put away your arms because of t he inconvenience of rain or because you are ill, but t ake every precaut ion for yourselves. Verily, Allah has prepared a humiliat ing t orment for t he disbelievers.)

The Description of The Fear Prayer The Fear prayer has different forms, for t he enemy is somet imes in t he direct ion of t he Qiblah and somet imes in anot her direct ion. The Fear prayer consist s somet imes of four Rak` ahs, t hree Rak` ahs, as for Maghrib, and somet imes t wo Rak` ah like Faj r and prayer during t ravel. The Fear prayer is somet imes prayed in congregat ion, but when t he bat t le is raging, congregat ional prayer may not be possible. In t his case, t hey pray each by himself, facing t he Qiblah or ot herwise, riding or on foot . In t his sit uat ion, t hey are allowed t o walk and fight , all t he while performing t he act s of t he prayer. Some scholars said t hat in t he lat t er case, t hey pray only one Rak` ah, for Ibn ` Abbas narrat ed, "By t he words of your Prophet , Allah has ordained t he prayer of four Rak` ah while residing, t wo Rak` ah during t ravel, and one Rak` ah during fear.'' Muslim, Abu Dawud, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah recorded it . This is also t he view of Ahmad bin Hanbal. Al-Mundhiri said, "This is t he saying of ` At a', Jabir, Al-Hasan, Muj ahid, Al-Hakam, Qat adah and Hammad; and Tawus and Ad-Dahhak also prefered it .'' Abu ` Asim Al-` Abadi ment ioned t hat Muhammad bin Nasr Al-Marwazi said t he Faj r prayer also becomes one Rak` ah during fear. This is also t he opinion of Ibn Hazm. Ishaq bin Rahwayh said, "When a bat t le is raging, one Rak` ah during which you nod your head is sufficient for you. If you are unable, t hen one prost rat ion is sufficient , because t he prost rat ion is remembrance of Allah.''

The Reason behind Revealing this Ayah Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu ` Ayyash Az-Zuraqi said, "We were wit h t he Messenger of Allah in t he area of ` Usfan (a well known place near Makkah), when t he idolat ors met us under t he command of Khalid bin Al-Walid, and t hey were bet ween us and t he Qiblah. The Messenger of Allah led us in Zuhr prayer, and t he idolat ors said, ` They were busy wit h somet hing during which we had a chance t o at t ack t hem.' They t hen said, ` Next , t here will come a prayer (` Asr) t hat is dearer t o t hem t han t heir children and t hemselves.' However, Jibril came down wit h t hese Ayat bet ween t he prayers of Zuhr and ` Asr,

びり∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヨホ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (When you (O Messenger Muhammad ) are among t hem, and lead t hem in Salah (prayer)). When t he t ime for prayer came, t he Messenger of Allah commanded Muslims t o hold t heir weapons and he made us st and in t wo lines behind him. When he bowed, we all bowed behind him. When he raised his head, we all raised our heads. The Prophet t hen prost rat ed wit h t he line t hat was behind him while t he rest st ood in guard. When t hey finished wit h t he prost rat ion and st ood up, t he rest sat and performed prost rat ion, while t hose who performed it st ood up in guard aft er t he t wo lines exchanged posit ion. The Prophet t hen bowed and t hey all bowed aft er him, t hen raised t heir heads aft er he raised his head. Then t he Prophet performed prost rat ion wit h t he line t hat was behind him, while t he rest st ood in guard. When t hose who made prost rat ion sat , t he rest prost rat ed. The Prophet t hen performed t he Taslim and ended t he prayer. The Messenger of Allah performed t his prayer t wice, once in ` Usfan and once in t he land of Banu Sulaym.''' This is t he narrat ion recorded by Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i, and it has an aut hent ic chain of narrat ion and many ot her t ext s t o support it . Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Once t he Prophet led t he Fear prayer and t he people st ood behind him. He said Allahu-Akbar and t he people said t he same. He bowed and some of t hem bowed. Then he prost rat ed and t hey also prost rat ed. Then he st ood for t he second Rak` ah and t hose who had

prayed t he first Rak` ah left and guarded t heir brot hers. The second part y j oined him and performed bowing and prost rat ion wit h him. All t he people were in prayer, but t hey were guarding one anot her during t he prayer.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah led t hem in t he Fear prayer. A group of t hem st ood before him and a group behind him. The Prophet led t hose who were behind him wit h one Rak` ah and t wo prost rat ions. They t hen moved t o t he posit ion of t hose who did not pray, while t he ot hers st ood in t heir place, and t he Messenger of Allah performed one Rak` ah and t wo prost rat ions and t hen said t he Salam. Therefore, t he Prophet prayed t wo Rak` ah while t hey prayed one. An-Nasa'i recorded t his Hadit h, while Muslim collect ed ot her wordings for it . Collect ors of t he Sahih, Sunan and Musnad collect ions recorded t his in a Hadit h from Jabir. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Salim said t hat his fat her said,

びり∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヨホ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (When you (O Messenger Muhammad ) are among t hem, and lead t hem in Salah (prayer)) refers t o t he Fear prayer. The Messenger of Allah led one group and prayed one Rak` ah, while t he second group faced t he enemy. Then t he second group t hat faced t he enemy came and Allah's Messenger led t hem, praying one Rak` ah, and t hen said t he Salam. Each of t he t wo groups t hen st ood up and prayed one more Rak` ah each (while t he ot her group st ood in guard).'' The Group collect ed t his Hadit h wit h Ma` mar in it s chain of narrat ors. This Hadit h also has many ot her chains of narrat ion from several Companions, and Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Ibn Marduwyah collect ed t hese various narrat ions, as did Ibn Jarir. As for t he command t o hold t he weapons during t he Fear prayer, a group of scholars said t hat it is obligat ory according t o t he Ayah. What t est ifies t o t his is t hat Allah said;

∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ト ∠ ョｚ リあョ ン⇔ク∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ∠ エ ∠ ヤ͡∇シぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バツ ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲョｚ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ び∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ ∇グェ ͡ (But t here is no sin on you if you put away your arms because of t he inconvenience of rain or because you are ill, but t ake every precaut ion for yourselves) meaning, so t hat when necessary, you will be able t o get t o your weapons easily,

びゅ⇔レΒ͡ヰョぁ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah has prepared a humiliat ing t orment for t he disbelievers).

や⇔キヲ⊥バホ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠Βホ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ ラ ｚ ま͡ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホほ∠プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ル∇ほヨ∠ ∇デや や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥ホ∇ヲョｚ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨャ∠∇ほゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ラ͡ま ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ￢͡ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レヰ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲヨ∠ャ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨャ∠∇ほΑ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ (103. When you have finished t he Salah, remember Allah st anding, sit t ing down, and on your sides, but when you are free from danger, perform t he Salah. Verily, Salah is kit aban on t he believers at fixed hours.) (104. And don't be weak in t he pursuit of t he enemy; if you are suffering (hardships) t hen surely t hey (t oo) are suffering (hardships) as you are suffering, but you have a hope from Allah (for t he reward, i.e. Paradise) t hat for which t hey hope not ; and Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise.)

The Order for Ample Remembrance After the Fear Prayer Allah commands Dhikr aft er finishing t he Fear prayer, in part icular, even t hough such Dhikr is encouraged aft er finishing ot her t ypes of prayer in general. In t he case of Fear prayer, Dhikr is encouraged even more because t he pillars of t he prayer are diminished since t hey move about while performing it , et c., unlike ot her prayers. Allah said about t he Sacred Mont hs,

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so wrong not yourselves t herein), even t hough inj ust ice is prohibit ed all year long. However, inj ust ice is part icularly out lawed during t he Sacred Mont hs due t o t heir sanct it y and honor. So Allah's st at ement ,

や⇔キヲ⊥バホ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠Βホ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ (When you have finished Salah, remember Allah st anding, sit t ing down, and on your sides,) means, in all condit ions,

びり∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホほ∠プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ル∇ほヨ∠ ∇デや や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (But when you are free from danger perform t he Salah.) when you are safe, t ranquil and fear subsides,

びり∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホほ∠プ∠ ぴ (perform t he Salah) by performing it as you were commanded; fulfilling it s obligat ions, wit h humbleness, complet ing t he bowing and prost rat ion posit ions et c. Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥ホ∇ヲョｚ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he Salah is Kit aban on t he believers at fixed hours.) means, enj oined, as Ibn ` Abbas st at ed. Ibn ` Abbas also said, "The prayer has a fixed t ime, j ust as t he case wit h Haj j .'' Similar is report ed from Muj ahid, Salim bin ` Abdullah, ` Ali bin Al-Husayn, Muhammad bin ` Ali, Al-Hasan, Muqat il. As-Suddi and ` At iyah Al-` Awfi.

The Encouragement to Pursue the Enemy Despite Injuries Allah's st at ement ,

びュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ￢͡ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レヰ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And don't be weak in t he pursuit of t he enemy;) means, do not weaken your resolve in pursuit of your enemy. Rat her, pursue t hem vigorously, fight t hem and be wary of t hem.

びラ ∠ ヲヨ∠ャ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨャ∠∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨャ∠∇ほゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ (if you are suffering t hen surely t hey are suffering as you are suffering,) meaning, j ust as you suffer from inj uries and deat h, t he same happens t o t he enemy. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,

びヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ ∀ゥ∇ゲ∠ホ ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ザ ｚ ョ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∀ゥ∇ゲ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ジジ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ラ͡まぴ (If you suffer a harm, be sure a similar harm has st ruck t he ot hers). Allah t hen said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (but you have a hope from Allah t hat for which t hey hope not ;) meaning, you and t hey are equal regarding t he inj uries and pain t hat you suffer from. However, you hope for Allah's reward, vict ory and aid, j ust as He has promised you in His Book and by t he words of his Messenger . Surely, Allah's promise is t rue. On t he ot her hand, your enemies do not have hope for any of t his. So, it is you, not t hey, who should be eager t o fight so t hat you est ablish t he Word of Allah and raise it high. i

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise.) means, He is most knowledgeable and wise in all what He decides, decrees, wills and act s on concerning various worldly and religious ordainment s, and He is wort hy of praise in all condit ions.

サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ∠ ム⊥ ∇エわ∠ ャ͡ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べｚル͡まぴ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ダカ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レも͡ べ∠ガ∇ヤャあ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ポ ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゅわ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇メギ͡ ⇒∠イゎ⊥ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡をぺ∠ ゅ⇔ルやｚヲカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わΒあ ら∠ Α⊥ ∇クま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔トΒ͡エョ⊥ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲ∠Α ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ャギ∠ ⇒∠ィ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルほ∠⇒∠ワ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ リｚョ ∇ュぺ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ リ∠ヨプ∠ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (105. Surely, We have sent down t o you (O Muhammad ) t he Book in t rut h t hat you might j udge bet ween men by t hat which Allah has shown you, so be not a pleader for t he t reacherous.) (106. And seek t he forgiveness of Allah, cert ainly, Allah is Ever Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (107. And argue not on behalf of t hose who deceive t hemselves. Verily, Allah does not like anyone who is a bet rayer, sinner.) (108. They may hide (t heir crimes) from men, but t hey cannot hide (t hem) from Allah; for He is wit h t hem (by His knowledge), when t hey plot by night in words t hat He does not approve. And Allah ever encompasses what t hey do.) (109. Lo! You are t hose who have argued for t hem in t he life of t his world, but who will argue for t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion against Allah, or who will t hen be t heir defender)

The Necessity of Referring to What Allah has Revealed for Judgement Allah says t o His Messenger, Muhammad ,

びペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べｚル͡まぴ (Surely, We have sent down t o you t he Book in t rut h) meaning, it t ruly came from Allah and it s narrat ions and commandment s are t rue. Allah t hen said,

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ポ ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ∠ ム⊥ ∇エわ∠ ャ͡ぴ (t hat you might j udge bet ween men by t hat which Allah has shown you,) In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Zaynab bint Umm Salamah said t hat Umm Salamah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah heard t he noise of disput ing people close t o t he door of his room, and he went out t o t hem saying,

∩⊥ノヨ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヲ∃ ∇エレ∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ツ∇ホぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩∀ゲゼ ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ わ͡ イ ｚエ ⊥ よ͡ リ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ モ ｚ バ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∃ユヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ペ あエ ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ヶ ∠ツ ͡ ∇ホほ∠プ∠ «ゅ∠ワ∇ケグ∠ Β∠ ャ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヤヨ͡ ∇エΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∩∃ケゅ∠ル ∇リョ͡ る∀ バ∠ ∇トホ͡ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ (Verily, I am only human and I j udge based on what I hear. Some of you might be more eloquent in present ing his case t han ot hers, so t hat I j udge in his favor. If I j udge in one's favor concerning t he right of anot her Muslim, t hen it is a piece of t he Fire. So let one t ake it or leave it .) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Umm Salamah said, "Two men from t he Ansar came t o t he Messenger of Allah wit h a disput e regarding some old inherit ance, but t hey did not have evidence. The Messenger of Allah said,

モ ｚ バ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∀ゲゼ ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠ヶャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡» ヶ͡ツ∇ホぺ∠ ゅヨｚルま͡ヱ∠ ∩∃ヂ∇バよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ わ͡ イ ｚエ ⊥ よ͡ リ ⊥エ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ノヨ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヲ∃ ∇エル∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ る⇔ バ∠ ∇トホ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ノ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ∩⊥ロ∇グカ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ ペ あェ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ ボ͡ レ⊥ ハ ⊥ ヶ͡プ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ト∇シま͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヶ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや

(You bring your disput es t o me, but I am only human. Some of you might be more persuasive in t heir argument s t han ot hers. I only j udge bet ween you according t o what I hear. Therefore, whomever I j udge in his favor and give him a part of his brot her's right , let him not t ake it , for it is a part of t he Fire t hat I am giving him and it will be t ied around his neck on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) The t wo men cried and each one of t hem said, ` I forfeit my right t o my brot her.' The Messenger of Allah said,

ｚユを⊥ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠Βカ ｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩ゅ∠ヨジ ͡ わ∠ ホ∠ ∇ゅプ∠ ゅ∠らワ∠ ∇クゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヨわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇クま͡ ゅ∠ョぺ∠» «ヮ∠らェ ͡ ゅ∠タ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ギ∃ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ ぁモミ⊥ ∇モヤ͡∇エΒ⊥ ャ͡ ユ⊥を ∩ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ わ∠ ∇シや (Since you said t hat , t hen go and divide t he inherit ance, and t ry t o be j ust in your division. Then draw lot s, and each one of you should forgive his brot her t hereaft er (regardless of who got t he best share).)'' Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ぴ (They may hide (t heir crimes) from men, but t hey cannot hide (t hem) from Allah;) chast ises t he hypocrit es because t hey hide t heir evil works from t he people so t hat t hey will not crit icize t hem. Yet , t he hypocrit es disclose t his evil wit h Allah, Who has perfect wat ch over t heir secret s and knows what is in t heir heart s. This is why Allah said,

メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲ∠Α Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わΒあ ら∠ Α⊥ ∇クま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔トΒ͡エョ⊥ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ (for He is wit h t hem (by His knowledge), when t hey plot by night in words t hat He does not approve. And Allah ever encompasses what t hey do) t hreat ening and warning t hem. Allah t hen said,

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ャギ∠ ⇒∠ィ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルほ∠⇒∠ワぴ (Lo! You are t hose who have argued for t hem in t he life of t his world,) meaning, suppose t hese people gain t he verdict from t he rulers in t heir favor in t his life, since t he rulers j udge according t o what is apparent t o t hem. However, what will t heir condit ion be on t he Day of Resurrect ion before Allah, Who knows t he secret and what is even more hidden Who will be his advocat e on t hat Day Verily, none will support t hem t hat Day. Hence, Allah's st at ement ,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ リｚョ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (or who will t hen be t heir defender)

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ユヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ ∇ょジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ͡ イ ͡ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ モ ∠ ヨ∠ わ∠ ∇ェや ギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ゃΑ͡ゲよ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ュ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ ゃ∠ Β͡トカ ∠ ∇ょジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁ ゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠わ∇ヰよ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ポ ∠ ヲぁヤツ ͡ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べｚデ ∇ろヨｚ ヰ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ル∠ ヱぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲぁヤツ ͡ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ヨ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ (110. And whoever does evil or wrongs himself but aft erwards seeks Allah's forgiveness, he will find Allah Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) 111. And whoever earns sin, he earns it only against himself. And Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise.) (112. And whoever earns a fault or a sin and t hen blames it on someone innocent , he has indeed burdened himself wit h falsehood and a manifest sin.) (113. Had not t he grace of Allah and His mercy been upon you, a part y of t hem would cert ainly have made a decision t o mislead you, but t hey mislead none except t heir own selves, and no harm can t hey do t o you in t he least . Allah has sent down t o you t he Book, and t he Hikmah, and t aught you t hat which you knew not . And ever great is t he grace of Allah unt o you.)

The Encouragement to Seek Allah's Forgiveness, and Warning those who Falsely Accuse Innocent People Allah emphasizes His generosit y and kindness, in t hat He forgives whoever repent s t o Him from what ever evil t hey commit . Allah said,

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ユヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ͡ イ ͡ Α∠ (And whoever does evil or wrongs himself but aft erwards seeks Allah's forgiveness, he will find Allah Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed about

t his Ayah, "Allah informs His servant s of His forgiveness, forbearing generosit y and expansive mercy. So whoever commit s a sin, whet her minor or maj or,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ͡ イ ͡ Α∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (but aft erwards seeks Allah's forgiveness, he will find Allah Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) even if his sins were great er t han t he heavens, t he eart h and t he mount ains.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Ali said, "Whenever I hear anyt hing from t he Messenger of Allah, Allah benefit s me wit h what ever He wills of t hat . Abu Bakr t old me, and Abu Bakr has said t he t rut h, t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヶあヤダ ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ほ⊥ッ ｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ ょ ⊥ ル͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ユ∃ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ビ ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∩͡ょ∇ルグｚ ャや マ ∠ ャ͡グ͡ャ ぶ ∠ や ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡リ∇Β∠わ∠バ∇ミ∠ケ «ヮ∠ャ (No Muslim commit s a sin and t hen performs ablut ion, prays t wo Rak` ahs and begs Allah for forgiveness for t hat sin, but He forgives him.) He t hen recit ed t hese t wo Ayat ,

びヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ユヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever does evil or wrongs himself), and,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ ゼ ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who, when t hey have commit t ed Fahishah or wronged t hemselves wit h evil).'' Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ゅヨ∠ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ ∇ょジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever earns sin, he earns it only against himself.) is similar t o His st at ement ,

びン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ケ∠ ∇コヱ͡ り∀ ケ∠ コ͡ や∠ヱ ケ⊥ ゴ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And no bearer of burdens shall bear t he burden of anot her). So no one will avail anyone else. Rat her, every soul, and none else, shall carry it s own burden. This is why Allah said,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise.) meaning, t his occurs due t o His knowledge, wisdom, fairness and mercy.

びユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ヨ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t aught you t hat which you knew not .), before t his revelat ion was sent down t o you. Similarly, Allah said,

ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョあ ゅ⇔ェヱ⊥ケ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ ン͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ (And t hus We have sent t o you (O Muhammad ) a Ruh (a revelat ion, and a mercy) of Our command. You knew not what is t he Book) unt il t he end of t he Surah. Allah said,

る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲゎ∠ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びマ ∠ よあ ケｚ リあョ (And you were not expect ing t hat t he Book (t his Qur'an) would be sent down t o you, but it is a mercy from your Lord). So Allah said;

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And ever great is t he grace of Allah unt o you (O Muhammad )).

ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヲ∇イルｚ リあョ ゲ∃ Β͡んミ∠ ヴ͡プ ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ Ι ｚぴ リ∠ョヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ウ ∃ ⇒∠ヤ∇タま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ フ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽル⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ッ∇ゲョ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ピわ∠ ∇よや マ ∠ ャ͡ク ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ペ ͡ ホ͡ ゅ∠ゼΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠

ヮ͡ ャあヲ∠ ル⊥ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ノら͡ わｚ Α∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダョ∠ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠シヱ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ダル⊥ ヱ∠ ヴｚャヲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ (114. There is no good in most of t heir secret t alks save (in) him who orders Sadaqah, or goodness, or conciliat ion bet ween mankind; and he who does t his, seeking t he good pleasure of Allah, We shall give him a great reward. (115. And whoever cont radict s and opposes t he Messenger aft er t he right pat h has been shown clearly t o him, and follows ot her t han t he believers' way, We shall keep him in t he pat h he has chosen, and burn him in Hell what an evil dest inat ion!)

Righteous Najwa, Secret Talk Allah said,

び∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヲ∇イルｚ リあョ ゲ∃ Β͡んミ∠ ヴ͡プ ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ Ι ｚぴ (There is no good in most of t heir secret t alks) meaning, what t he people say t o each ot her.

リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ウ ∃ ⇒∠ヤ∇タま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ フ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ∠ よ͡ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや (save him who orders Sadaqah (charit y), or goodness, or reconciliat ion bet ween mankind;) meaning, except for t his t ype of t alk. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Umm Kult hum bint ` Uqbah said t hat she heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

ヶ͡ヨ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ダΑ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚや ゆ ⊥ やｚグム∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠» «や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ (He who brings about reconciliat ion bet ween people by embellishing good or saying good t hings, is not a liar.) She also said, "I never heard him allow what t he people say (lies) except in t hree cases: in war, bringing peace bet ween people and t he man's speech (invent ed compliment s) t o his wife and her speech t o her husband.'' Umm Kult hum bint ` Uqbah was among t he immigrant women who gave t heir pledge of allegiance t o t he Messenger of Allah . The Group also recorded t his Hadit h, wit h t he except ion of Ibn Maj ah. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Ad-Darda' said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩͡ュゅ∠Βダ あ ャや る͡ ィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ∠ツ ∠ ∇プほ∠よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ら͡ ∇カぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» «∨͡るホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ∩͡りゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや∠ヱ (Should I t ell you what is bet t er t han t he grade of fast ing, praying and Sadaqah) They said, "Yes, O Allah's Messenger!'' He said,

«リ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや れ ͡ や∠ク ゥ ⊥ ゅ∠ヤ∇タま͡» (Bringing reconciliat ion bet ween people.) He also said,

«る∠ボャ͡ゅ∠エ∇ャや ヶ ∠ ワ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや れ ͡ や∠ク キ⊥ ゅ∠ジプ∠ ヱ∠ » (Spoiling t he relat ionship (bet ween people) is t he dest royer.) Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi also recorded t his Hadit h, and At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih''. Allah said,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ッ∇ゲョ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ピわ∠ ∇よや マ ∠ ャ͡ク ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and he who does t his, seeking t he good pleasure of Allah,) wit h sincerit y and await ing t he reward wit h Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽル⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (We shall give him a great reward.) meaning, an immense, enormous and t remendous reward.

The Punishment for Contradicting and Opposing the Messenger and Following a Path Other than That of the Believers Allah's st at ement ,

びン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ペ ͡ ホ͡ ゅ∠ゼΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever cont radict s and opposes t he Messenger aft er t he right pat h has been shown clearly t o him.) refers t o whoever int ent ionally t akes a pat h ot her t han t he pat h of t he Law revealed t o t he Messenger, aft er t he t rut h has been made clear, apparent and plain t o him. Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ノら͡ わｚ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and follows ot her t han t he believers' way,) refers t o a t ype of conduct t hat is closely relat ed t o cont radict ing t he Messenger . This cont radict ion could be in t he form of cont radict ing a t ext (from t he Qur'an or Sunnah) or cont radict ing what t he Ummah of Muhammad has agreed on. The Ummah of Muhammad is immune from error when t hey all agree on somet hing, a miracle t hat serves t o increase t heir honor, due t o t he great ness of t heir Prophet . There are many aut hent ic Hadit hs on t his subj ect . Allah warned against t he evil of cont radict ing t he Prophet and his Ummah, when He said, e

びや⇔ゲΒ͡ダョ∠ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠シヱ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ダル⊥ ヱ∠ ヴｚャヲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ャあヲ∠ ル⊥ ぴ (We shall keep him in t he pat h he has chosen, and burn him in Hell --- what an evil dest inat ion!) meaning, when one goes on t his wicked pat h, We will punish him by making t he evil pat h appear good in his heart , and will beaut ify it for him so t hat he is t empt ed furt her. For inst ance, Allah said,

∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ⊥ ケ͡ ∇ギわ∠ ∇ジレ∠ シ ∠ ゑ ͡ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ ゆ ⊥ あグム∠ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ͡ル∇ケグ∠ プ∠ ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョあ (Then leave Me Alone wit h such as belie t his Qur'an. We shall punish t hem gradually from direct ions t hey perceive not ),

び∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや パ ∠ や∠コぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ビや∠コ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (So when t hey t urned away (from t he pat h of Allah), Allah t urned t heir heart s away), and,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ グ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We shall leave t hem in t heir t respass t o wander blindly). Allah made t he Fire t he dest inat ion of such people in t he Hereaft er. Indeed, t he pat h of t hose who avoid t he right guidance will only lead t o t he Fire on t he Day of Resurrect ion, as evident by Allah's st at ement s,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ⊥ ∇ェやぴ ((It will be said t o t he angels): "Assemble t hose who did wrong, t oget her wit h t heir companions (from t he devils)), and,

ゅ∠ワヲ⊥バホ͡ や∠ヲョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲぁレヌ ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ぺケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔プゲ͡ ∇ダョ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ (And t he criminals, shall see t he Fire and apprehend t hat t hey have t o fall t herein. And t hey will find no way of escape from t here).

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ゅ∠ョ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ⇔ん⇒∠ルま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ラ͡ま - や⇔ギΒ͡バよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ｚ グ∠ ガ ͡ ゎｚ Ι ∂ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ャｚ - や⇔ギΑ͡ゲョｚ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇Βセ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Β∠ レあ ョ∠ Ε ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ヤｚ͡ッΕ∠ヱ - ゅ⇔ッヱ⊥ゲ∇ヘョｚ ゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ ポ ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ｚルゲ∠ ョ⊥ ∂Ιヱ∠ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘや ラ ∠ や∠クや∠￢ リ ｚ ム⊥ わあ ら∠ Β⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ゲ∠ ョ⊥ ∂Ιヱ∠ リあョ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや グ͡ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ペ ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ラ ｚ ゲ⊥ Βあ ピ∠ Β⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ - ゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁ ゅ⇔ルや∠ゲ∇ジカ ⊥ ゲ∠ ジ ͡カ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ - や⇔ケヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ Βあレヨ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ダΒ͡エョ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギレ⊥ シ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ホ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ベ ⊥ ギ∠ ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ボ∂ ェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ (116. Verily, Allah forgives not (t he sin of) set t ing up part ners (in worship) wit h Him, but He forgives whom He wills, sins ot her t han t hat , and whoever set s up part ners in worship wit h Allah, has indeed st rayed far away.) (117. They invoke not hing but female deit ies besides Him (Allah), and t hey invoke not hing but Shayt an, a persist ent rebel!) (118. Allah cursed him. And he Shayt an said: "I will t ake an appoint ed port ion of your servant s.") (119. "Verily, I will

mislead t hem, and surely, I will arouse in t hem false desires; and cert ainly, I will order t hem t o slit t he ears of cat t le, and indeed I will order t hem t o change t he nat ure creat ed by Allah.'' And whoever t akes Shayt an as a Wali inst ead of Allah, has surely suffered a manifest loss.) (120. He Shayt an makes promises t o t hem, and arouses in t hem false desires; and Shayt an's promises are not hing but decept ions.) (121. The dwelling of such (people) is Hell, and t hey will find no way of escape from it .) (122. And t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, We shall admit t hem t o t he Gardens under which rivers flow (i.e. in Paradise) t o dwell t herein forever. Allah's promise is t he t rut h; and whose words can be t ruer t han t hose of Allah)

Shirk Shall not be Forgiven, in Reality the Idolators Worship Shaytan We t alked about Allah's st at ement ,

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ゅ∠ョ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びマ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ (Verily, Allah forgives not (t he sin of) set t ing up part ners (in worship) wit h Him, but He forgives whom He wills, sins ot her t han t hat ,) before and ment ioned t he relevant Hadit hs in t he beginning of t his Surah. Allah's st at ement ,

びや⇔ギΒ͡バよ∠ Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and whoever set s up part ners in worship wit h Allah, has indeed st rayed far away.) means, he will have t aken ot her t han t he t rue pat h, deviat ed from guidance and right eousness, dest royed himself in t his life and t he Hereaft er, and lost cont ent ment in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Juwaybir said t hat Ad-Dahhak said about Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔ん⇒∠ルま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ラ͡まぴ (They invoke not hing but female deit ies besides Him (Allah),) "The idolat ors claimed t hat t he angels are Allah's daught ers, saying, ` We only worship t hem so t hat t hey bring us closer t o Allah.' So t hey t ook t he angels as gods, made t he shapes of girls and decided, ` These (idols) resemble t he daught ers of Allah (i.e., t he angels), Whom we worship. ''' This is similar t o Allah's st at ement s,

び ンｚゴバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ろ ∠ ⇒ｚヤャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Have you t hen considered Al-Lat and Al-` Uzza)

びゅ⇔ん⇒∠ルま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや キ⊥ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey make t he angels who t hemselves are servant s of t he Most Gracious (Allah) females) and,

びゅ⇔ら∠ジル∠ る͡ レｚイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey have invent ed a kinship bet ween Him and t he Jinn). Allah's st at ement ,

びや⇔ギΑ͡ゲョｚ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇Βセ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey invoke not hing but Shayt an, a persist ent rebel!) means, Shayt an has commanded t hem t o do t his and made it seem fair and beaut iful in t heir eyes. Consequent ly, t hey are worshipping Shayt an in realit y, j ust as Allah said in anot her Ayah,

∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺ ュ∠ キ∠ や∠￢ ヴ͡レら∠ Α ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ びリ ∠ ⇒∠トΒｚゼャや (Did I not command you, O Children of Adam, t hat you should not worship Shayt an) Allah said t hat , on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t he angels shall proclaim about t he idolat ors who worshipped t hem in t his life:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ユ⊥ワゲ⊥ ん∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚイ ͡ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, but t hey used t o worship t he Jinn; most of t hem were believers in t hem). Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヮ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ャｚぴ (Allah cursed him), means, He expelled him and banished him from His mercy and His grace.

びゅ⇔ッヱ⊥ゲ∇ヘョｚ ゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ ポ ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ラ ｚ グ∠ ガ ͡ ゎｚ Ι ∂ぴ (I will t ake an appoint ed port ion of your servant s) means, a fixed and known share. Muqat il bin Hayyan comment ed, "From every one t housand, nine hundred and ninet y-nine will go t o t he Fire and one t o Paradise.''

び∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ヤｚ͡ッΕ∠ヱぴ (Verily, I will mislead t hem) from t he t rue pat h,

び∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Β∠ レあ ョ∠ Ε ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and surely, I will arouse in t hem false desires;) t empt ing t hem t o feign repent ance, arousing false hopes in t hem, encouraging t hem t o delay and procrast inat e wit h right eous deeds, deceiving t hem.

びユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘやラ ∠ や∠クや∠￢ リ ｚ ム⊥ わあ ら∠ Β⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ｚルゲ∠ ョ⊥ ∂Ιヱ∠ ぴ (and cert ainly, I will order t hem t o slit t he ears of cat t le,) meaning, slit t ing t heir ears t o designat e t hem as Bahirah, Sa'ibah, and a Wasilah, as Qat adah and As-Suddi st at ed.

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ペ ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ラ ｚ ゲ⊥ Βあ ピ∠ Β⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ｚルゲ∠ ョ⊥ ∂Ιヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed I will order t hem t o change t he nat ure creat ed by Allah.) means t at t ooing, according t o Al-Hasan bin Abi Al-Hasan Al-Basri. In his Sahih, Muslim recorded t he prohibit ion of t at t ooing t he face, which in one of it s wordings st at es: "May Allah curse whoever does t his.'' It is also recorded in t he Sahih t hat Ibn Mas` ud said, "May Allah curse t hose who have t at t oos and t hose who do it , who pluck t heir (facial) hairs and t he one who does it for t hem, and t hose who make spaces bet ween t heir t eet h for t he purpose of beaut y, changing what Allah has creat ed.'' He t hen said, "Why should not I curse whom t he Messenger of Allah has cursed, when t he Book of Allah commands it ,'' referring t o t he Ayah,

ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ヰル∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グガ ⊥ プ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∇やヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ルゅ∠プ (And what soever t he Messenger gives you, t ake it ; and what soever he forbids you, abst ain (from it )). Allah's st at ement ,

ゲ∠ ジ ͡カ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや グ͡ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁ ゅ⇔ルや∠ゲ∇ジカ ⊥

(And whoever t akes Shayt an as a Wali (prot ect or or helper) inst ead of Allah, has surely suffered a manifest loss.) means, he will have lost t his life and t he Hereaft er. Indeed, t his is a t ype of loss t hat cannot be compensat ed or rest ored. Allah's st at ement ,

や⇔ケヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Βあレヨ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ぴ び (He Shayt an makes promises t o t hem, and arouses in t hem false desires;) explains t he t rue realit y. Surely, Shayt an deceit fully promises his support ers and t empt s t hem int o believing t hat t hey are winners in t his and t he Hereaft er. This is why Allah said,

びや⇔ケヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and Shayt an's promises are not hing but decept ions.) Allah st at es t hat on t he Day of Ret urn,

∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘやヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ゅｚヨャ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ヴ ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠∇カほ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎぁ ギ∠ハヱ∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ びリ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (And Shayt an will say when t he mat t er has been decided: "Verily, Allah promised you a promise of t rut h. And I t oo promised you, but I bet rayed you. I had no aut horit y over you), unt il,

び∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t here is a painful t orment for t he wrongdoers.) Allah's st at ement ,

びマ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (of such (people)) refers t o t hose who like and prefer what Shayt an is promising and assuring t hem of,

びユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョｚ ぴ (The dwelling of such (people) is Hell), as t heir dest inat ion and abode on t he Day of Resurrect ion,

びゅ⇔ダΒ͡エョ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey will find no way of escape from it .), meaning, t hey will not be able t o avoid, avert , evade or elude t he Hellfire.

The Reward of Righteous Believers Allah t hen ment ions t he condit ion of t he cont ent right eous believers and t he perfect honor t hey will earn in t he end. Allah said,

びれ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds,) meaning, t heir heart s were t rut hful and t heir limbs obedient wit h t he right eous act s t hey were commanded, all t he while abandoning t he evil t hey were prohibit ed from doing.

びゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギレ⊥ シ ∠ぴ (We shall admit t hem t o Gardens under which rivers flow (Paradise)) meaning, t hey will t hink of where t hey want t hese rivers t o flow and t hey will flow t here,

びや⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カぴ (t o dwell t herein forever), wit hout end or being removed from it .

びゅ６ボェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ぴ (Allah's promise is t he t rut h), meaning, t his is a t rue promise from Allah, and verily, Allah's promise shall come t o pass. Allah t hen said,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡ホ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ベ ⊥ ギ∠ ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and whose words can be t ruer t han t hose of Allah) meaning, none is more t rut hful in st at ement and narrat ion t han Allah. There is no deit y wort hy of worship, or Lord except Him. The Messenger of Allah used t o proclaim in his speech,

ヵ ͡ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶや ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤミ∠ ゑ ͡ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや ベ ∠ ギ∠ ∇タぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ケ͡ ヲ⊥ョほ⊥∇ャや ゲｚ セ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ユ∂ヤシヱ ヮΒヤハ ぶや ヴヤタ∃ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ ヵ ⊥ ∇ギワ∠ る∃ ハ ∠ ∇ギよ͡ ｚモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∀るハ ∠ ∇ギよ͡ る∃ を∠ ギ∠ ∇エョ⊥ ｚモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰゎ⊥ ゅ∠を∠ギ∇エョ⊥ «ケゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ る∃ ャ∠ゅ∠ヤッ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∀るャ∠ゅ∠ヤッ ∠ (The most t rut hful speech is Allah's Speech, and t he best guidance is t he guidance of Muhammad. The worst mat t ers are t he newly invent ed (in religion), every newly invent ed mat t er is an innovat ion, and every innovat ion is a heresy, and every heresy is in t he Fire.)

∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ あ ル͡ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ Ι∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ Βあ レ͡ ⇒∠ョほ∠ よ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゴ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ミ∠ ク∠ リ͡ョ ろ ∠ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠んル⊥ぺ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ ゅ⇔レΑ͡キ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ボル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ る∠ ヤｚョ͡ ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ やヱ ∀リ͡ジ∇エョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぶ ヮ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤカ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ び ゅ⇔トΒ͡エョぁ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (123. It will not be in accordance wit h your desires, nor t hose of t he People of t he Script ure, whosoever works evil, will have t he recompense t hereof, and he will not find any prot ect or or helper besides Allah.) (124. And whoever does right eous good deeds, male or female, and is a believer, such will ent er Paradise and not t he least inj ust ice, even t o t he size of a Naqir, will be done t o t hem.) (125. And who can be bet t er in religion t han one who submit s his face (himself) t o Allah; and he is a Muhsin (a doer of good). And follows t he religion of Ibrahim t he Hanif (Monot heist ). And Allah did t ake Ibrahim as a Khalil (an int imat e friend)!) (126. And t o Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h. And Allah is Ever Encompassing all t hings.)

Success is Only Achieved by Performing Righteous Deeds, not Wishful Thinking

Qat adah said, "We were t old t hat t he Muslims and t he People of t he Script ures ment ioned t heir own virt ues t o each ot her. People of t he Script ures said, ` Our Prophet came before your Prophet and our Book before your Book. Therefore, we should have more right t o Allah t han you have.' Muslims said, ` Rat her, we have more right t o Allah t han you, our Prophet is t he Final Prophet and our Book supersedes all t he Books before it .' Allah sent down,

∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ あ ル͡ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ Ι∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ Βあ レ͡ ⇒∠ョほ∠よ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ びヮ͡ よ͡ ゴ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ (It will not be in accordance wit h your desires (Muslims), nor t hose of t he People of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians), whosoever works evil, will have t he recompense t hereof),

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぶ ヮ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ ゅ⇔レΑ͡キ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∀リ͡ジ∇エョ⊥ (And who can be bet t er in religion t han one who submit s his face (himself) t o Allah; and he is a Muhsin.) Allah t hen support ed t he argument of t he Muslims against t heir opponent s of t he ot her religions.'' Similar st at ement s were at t ribut ed t o As-Suddi, Masruq, Ad-Dahhak and Abu Salih. Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t his Ayah 4:123 , "The followers of various religions disput ed, t he people of t he Tawrah said, ` Our Book is t he best Book and our Prophet (Musa) is t he best Prophet . ' The people of t he Inj il said similarly, t he people of Islam said, ` There is no religion except Islam, our Book has abrogat ed every ot her Book, our Prophet is t he Final Prophet , and you were commanded t o believe in your Books and adhere t o our Book.' Allah j udged bet ween t hem, saying, o

∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ あ ル͡ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ Ι∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ Βあ レ͡ ⇒∠ョほ∠よ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ びヮ͡ よ͡ ゴ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ (It will not be in accordance wit h your desires, nor t hose of t he People of t he Script ure, whosoever works evil, will have t he recompense t hereof).'' This Ayah indicat es t hat t he religion is not accept ed on account of wishful t hinking or mere hopes. Rat her, t he accept ed religion relies on what resides in t he heart and which is made t rut hful t hrough act ions. It is not t rue t hat when one ut t ers a claim t o somet hing, he at t ains it merely on account of his claim. It is not t rue t hat every person who claims t o be on t he t rut h is considered as such, merely on account of his words, unt il his claim gains merit wit h proof from Allah. Hence Allah's st at ement ,

∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ あ ル͡ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ Ι∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ Βあ レ͡ ⇒∠ョほ∠よ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ びヮ͡ よ͡ ゴ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ (It will not be in accordance wit h your desires, nor t hose of t he People of t he Script ure, whosoever works evil, will have t he recompense t hereof), meaning safet y will not be acquired by you or t hem j ust by wishful t hinking. Rat her, t he key is in obeying Allah and following what He has legislat ed t hrough t he words of His honorable Messengers. This is why Allah said aft erwards,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ゴ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョぴ (whosoever works evil, will have t he recompense t hereof,) Similarly, Allah said,

∇モヨ∠ ⇒∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ び ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ や⇔ゲ∂ セ ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ (So whosoever does good equal t o t he weight of an at om, shall see it . And whosoever does evil equal t o t he weight of an at om, shall see it .) and it was report ed t hat when t hese Ayat were revealed, t hey became hard on many Companions. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "I said, ` O Messenger of Allah! I know t he hardest Ayah in t he Qur'an.' He said, ` What is it , O ` A'ishah!' I said,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ゴ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョぴ (whoever works evil, will have t he recompense t hereof,) He said,

る͡ ら∠ ∇ムレｚ ャや ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩∠リョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ギ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ Β͡ダΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ » «ゅ∠ヰら⊥ ム∠ ∇レΑ⊥ (That is what st rikes t he believing servant , even t he problems t hat bot her him.)'' Ibn Jarir and Abu Dawud also recorded t his Hadit h. Sa` id bin Mansur recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "When t he Ayah,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ゴ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョぴ

(whosoever works evil, will have t he recompense t hereof,) was revealed, it was hard on Muslims. The Messenger of Allah said t o t hem,

ヮ͡ よ͡ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ダΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ あモミ⊥ ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩やヲ⊥よケ͡ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ やヱ⊥キギあ シ ∠» る͡ ら∠ ∇ム⇒ｚレャや∠ヱ ∩ゅ∠ヰミ⊥ ゅ∠ゼΑ⊥ る͡ ミ∠ ∇ヲゼ ｚ ャや ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩⇔りケ∠ ゅｚヘミ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや «ゅ∠ヰら⊥ ム∠ ∇レΑ⊥ (Be st eadfast and seek closeness. Everyt hing t hat afflict s t he Muslim, even t he t horn t hat pierces his skin and t he hardship he suffers, will be an expiat ion for him.)'' This is t he wording collect ed by Ahmad t hrough Sufyan bin ` Uyaynah. Muslim and At -Tirmidhi also recorded it . Allah's st at ement ,

びや⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and he will not find any prot ect or or helper besides Allah,) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said; "Unless he repent s and Allah forgives him.'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded it . Allah t hen said,

ヴ∠んル⊥ぺ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ミ∠ ク∠ リ͡ョ ろ ∠ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ (And whoever does right eous good deeds, male or female, and is a believer). Allah ment ions t he recompense for evil act ions and t hat He will surely inflict it s punishment on t he servant , eit her in t his life, which is bet t er for him, or in t he Hereaft er, we seek refuge wit h Allah from t his end. We also beg Allah for our well-being in t his life and t he Hereaft er and for His forgiveness, mercy and pardon. Allah t hen ment ions His kindness, generosit y and mercy in accept ing t he good deeds from His servant s, whet her male or female, wit h t he condit ion t hat t hey embrace t he fait h. He also st at ed t hat He will admit t he believers int o Paradise and will not wit hhold any of t heir right eous deeds, even t he weight of a Naqir - speck on t he back of a dat e-st one. Earlier, we discussed t he Fat il - t he scalish t hread in t he long slit of a dat e-st one, and bot h of t hese, along wit h t he Qit mir -- t he t hin membrane over t he dat e-st one were ment ioned in t he Qur'an. Allah t hen said,

びぶ ヮ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ ゅ⇔レΑ͡キ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And who can be bet t er in religion t han one who submit s his face t o Allah.) meaning, performs t he good act ions in sincerit y for his Lord wit h fait h and await ing t he reward wit h Allah,

び∀リ͡ジ∇エョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and he is a Muhsin) following t he correct guidance t hat Allah legislat ed in t he religion of t rut h which He sent His Messenger wit h. These are t he t wo condit ions, in t he absence of which no deed will be accept ed from anyone; sincerit y and correct ness. The work is sincere when it is performed for Allah alone and it becomes correct when it conforms t o t he Shari` ah. So, t he deed becomes out wardly correct wit h following t he Sunnah and inwardly correct wit h sincerit y. When any deed lacks eit her of t hese t wo condit ions, t he deed becomes null and void. For inst ance, when one lacks t he pillar of sincerit y in his work, he becomes a hypocrit e who shows off for people. Whoever does not follow t he Shari` ah, he becomes an ignorant , wicked person. When one combines bot h pillars, his act ions will be t he deeds of t he fait hful believers whose best deeds are accept ed from t hem and t heir errors erased. Consequent ly, Allah said,

びゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ る∠ ヤｚョ͡ ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ やヱぴ (And follows t he religion of Ibrahim t he Hanif (Monot heist ). ) referring t o Muhammad and his following, unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. Allah said,

や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よみ͡よ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや (Verily, among mankind who have t he best claim t o Ibrahim are t hose who followed him, and t his Prophet ), and,

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ る∠ ヤｚョ͡ ∇ノら͡ ゎｚ や ラ ͡ ぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ (Then, We have sent t he Revelat ion t o you (saying): "Follow t he religion of Ibrahim t he Hanif (Monot heist ) and he was not of t he Mushrikin). The Hanif, int ent ionally and wit h knowledge, avoids Shirk, he goes at t ent ively t o t he t rut h, allowing no one t o hinder him or st op him from it .

Ibrahim is Allah's Khalil Allah's st at ement ,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤカ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ

(And Allah did t ake Ibrahim as a Khalil (an int imat e friend)!) encourages following Ibrahim AlKhalil, because he was and st ill is an Imam whose conduct is followed and imit at ed. Indeed, Ibrahim reached t he ult imat e closeness t o Allah t hat t he servant s seek, for he at t ained t he grade of Khalil, which is t he highest grade of love. He acquired all t his due t o his obedience t o His Lord, j ust as Allah has described him,

び ヴｚプヱ∠ ン͡グャｚや ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And of Ibrahim, t he one who fulfilled),

びリ ｚ ヰ⊥ ヨｚ ゎ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ヤわ∠ ∇よや ク͡ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And (remember) when t he Lord of Ibrahim t ried him wit h (cert ain) commands, which he fulfilled), and,

リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ゅ⇔わレ͡ ⇒∠ホ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Verily, Ibrahim was an Ummah, obedient t o Allah, a Hanif, and he was not one of t he Mushrikin). Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Amr bin Maymun said t hat when Mu` adh came back from Yemen, he led t hem in t he Faj r prayer and recit ed,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤカ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And Allah did t ake Ibrahim as a Khalil!) One of t he men present comment ed, "Surely, t he eye of Ibrahim's mot her has been comfort ed.'' Ibrahim was called Allah's Khalil due t o his Lord's great love t owards him, on account of t he act s of obedience he performed t hat Allah loves and prefers. We should ment ion here t hat in t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri said t hat when t he Messenger of Allah gave t hem his last speech, he said,

モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ や⇔グガ ͡ わｚ ョ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ∩⊥ギ∇バよ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠» る∠ プ∠ ゅ∠エホ⊥ ヶ͡よぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ゲ͡ ∇ムよ∠ ゅ∠よ∠ぺ れ ⊥ ∇グガ ∠ ｚゎゅ∠ャ ∩ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡ヤカ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや «ぶや モ ⊥ Β͡ヤカ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら⊥ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ ∩ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡ヤカ ∠ (O people! If I were t o t ake a Khalil from t he people of t he eart h, I would have t aken Abu Bakr bin Abi Quhafah as my Khalil. However, your companion (meaning himself) is t he Khalil of

Allah.) Jundub bin ` Abdullah Al-Baj ali, ` Abdullah bin ` Amr bin Al-` As and ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud narrat ed t hat t he Prophet said,

«ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡ヤカ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡ヤカ ∠ ヶ͡ルグ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» (Allah has chosen me as His Khalil, j ust as He has chosen Ibrahim as His Khalil.) Allah's st at ement ,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ (And t o Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h.) means, everyt hing and everyone are His propert y, servant s and creat ion, and He has full aut horit y over all of t his. There is no one who can avert Allah's decision or quest ion His j udgment . He is never asked about what He does due t o His might , abilit y, fairness, wisdom, compassion and mercy. Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔トΒ͡エョぁ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah is Ever Encompassing all t hings.) means, His knowledge encompasses everyt hing and not hing concerning His servant s is ever hidden from Him. Not hing, even t he weight of an at om, ever escapes His observat ion in t he heavens and eart h, nor anyt hing smaller or bigger t han t hat .

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡わ∇ヘΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥わ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒∠ヤャｚや ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΑ∠ ヴ͡プ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ ｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥エム͡ レ∠ゎ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らビ ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ラ ͡ ギ∠ ∇ャヲ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∠リΒ͡ヘ∠バ∇ツ∠わ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ (127. They ask your legal inst ruct ion concerning women. Say: "Allah inst ruct s you about t hem, and about what is recit ed unt o you in t he Book concerning t he orphan girls whom you give not what t hey deserve and yet whom you desire t o marry, and t he children who are weak and oppressed, and t hat you st and firm for j ust ice t o orphans. And what ever good you do, Allah is Ever All-Aware of it .)

The Ruling Concerning Female Orphans Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` A'ishah said about t he Ayah,

びリ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡わ∇ヘΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥わ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (They ask your inst ruct ion concerning women. Say, "Allah inst ruct s you about t hem...) unt il,

びｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥エム͡ レ∠ゎ ラ∠ぺ ∠ラヲ⊥ら∠ビ∇ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ (whom you desire t o marry...) "It is about t he man who is t aking care of a female orphan, being her caret aker and inherit or. Her money is j oined wit h his money t o such an ext ent , t hat she shares wit h him even t he branch of a dat e t hat he has. So he likes (for mat erial gain) t o marry her himself, and hat es t o marry her t o anot her man who would have a share in his money, on account of her share in his money. Therefore, he refuses t o let her marry anyone else. So, t his Ayah was revealed.'' Muslim also recorded it . Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "The people asked Allah's Messenger (about orphan girls), so Allah revealed,

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡わ∇ヘΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥わ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ (They ask your inst ruct ion concerning women. Say, "Allah inst ruct s you about t hem and about what is recit ed unt o you in t he Book...") What is meant by Allah's saying, ` And about what is recit ed unt o you in t he Book' is t he former verse which said,

ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥エム͡ ルゅ∠プ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥トジ ͡ ∇ボゎ⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ ͡ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠デ (If you fear t hat you shall not be able t o deal j ust ly wit h t he orphan girls, t hen marry (ot her) women of your choice.)'' ` A'ishah said, "Allah's st at ement ,

びｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥エム͡ レ∠ゎ ラ∠ぺ ∠ラヲ⊥ら∠ビ∇ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ (whom you desire t o marry...) also refers t o t he desire of t he guardian not t o marry an orphan girl under his supervision when she lacks propert y or beaut y. The guardians were forbidden t o marry t heir orphan girls possessing propert y and beaut y wit hout being j ust t o t hem, as t hey generally refrain from marrying t hem (when t hey are neit her beaut iful nor wealt hy).'' The basis of t his is recorded in Two Sahihs. Consequent ly, when a man is t he caret aker of a female orphan, he might like t o marry her himself. In t his case, Allah commands him t o give her a

suit able dowry t hat ot her women of her st at us get . If he does not want t o do t hat , t hen let him marry ot her women, for Allah has made t his mat t er easy for Muslims. Somet imes, t he caret aker does not desire t o marry t he orphan under his care, because she is not at t ract ive t o his eye. In t his case, Allah forbids t he caret aker from prevent ing t he female orphan from marrying anot her man for fear t hat her husband would share in t he money t hat is mut ually shared bet ween t he caret aker and t he girl. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, t he caret aker of a female orphan would cover her wit h his rope, and when he did t hat , no man would marry her. If she was beaut iful and he desired t o marry her, he married her and t ook cont rol of her wealt h. If she was not beaut iful, he did not allow her t o marry unt il she died, and when she died he inherit ed her money. Allah prohibit ed and out lawed t his pract ice. '' He also said about Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ͡ ギ∠ ∇ャヲ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∠リΒ͡ヘ∠バ∇ツ∠わ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and t he children who are weak and oppressed,) t hat during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, t hey used t o deny young children and females a share of inherit ance. So Allah's st at ement ,

びｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (you give not what t hey deserve) t hus prohibit ing t his pract ice and designat ing a fixed share for each,

びリ ͡ ∇ΒΒ∠ ん∠ ∇ルΙ ｙ やナ あェ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ゲ͡ ミ∠ グｚ ヤ͡ャぴ (To t he male, a port ion equal t o t hat of t wo females..) whet her t hey were young or old, as Sa` id bin Jubayr and ot hers st at ed. Sa` id bin Jubayr said about Allah's st at ement ,

びテ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat you st and firm for j ust ice t o orphans.) "Just as when she is beaut iful and wealt hy you would want t o marry her and have her for yourself, so when she is not wealt hy or beaut iful, marry her and have her for yourself.'' Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ r(And what ever good you do, Allah is Ever All-Aware of it .) encourages performing t he good deeds and fulfilling t he commandment s, and st at es t hat Allah is knowledgeable of all of t his and He will reward for it in t he best and most perfect manner.

ゅ⇔ッや∠ゲ∇ハま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔コヲ⊥ゼル⊥ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヘ∠ ⇒∠カ り∀ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ラ ͡ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ⇔エ∇ヤタ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠エヤ͡∇ダΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ べヨ∠ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ∇ゅレ∠ ィ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ウ ｚゼ ぁ ャや ザ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ルΕや れ ͡ ゲ∠ ツ ͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ウ ⊥ ∇ヤダ ぁ ャや∠ヱ び や⇔ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レジ ͡ ∇エゎ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ る͡ ボ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥ケグ∠ わ∠ プ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや ｚモミ⊥ ∇やヲヤ⊥Β͡ヨゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇タゲ∠ ェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ダゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ∠ラゅ∠ミ∠ヱ ヮ͡ わ͡ バ∠ シ ∠ リあョ ６Κミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ͡ ∇ピΑ⊥ ゅ∠ホゲｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ ゅ⇔バ͡シヱ∠ (128. And if a woman fears cruelt y or desert ion on her husband's part , t here is no sin on t hem bot h if t hey make t erms of peace bet ween t hemselves; and making peace is bet t er. And human souls are swayed by greed. But if you do good and have Taqwa, verily, Allah is Ever WellAcquaint ed wit h what you do.) (129. You will never be able t o do perfect j ust ice bet ween wives even if it is your ardent desire, so do not incline t oo much t o one of t hem so as t o leave t he ot her hanging. And if you do j ust ice, and do all t hat is right and have Taqwa, t hen Allah is Ever Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (130. But if t hey separat e (by divorce), Allah will provide abundance for everyone of t hem from His bount y. And Allah is Ever All-Sufficient for His creat ures' needs, All-Wise.)

The Ruling Concerning Desertion on the Part of the Husband Allah st at es, and t hus legislat es accordingly, t hat somet imes, t he man inclines away from his wife, somet imes t owards her and somet imes he part s wit h her. In t he first case, when t he wife fears t hat her husband is st eering away from her or desert ing her, she is allowed t o forfeit all or part of her right s, such as provisions, clot hing, dwelling, and so fort h, and t he husband is allowed t o accept such concessions from her. Hence, t here is no harm if she offers such concessions, and if her husband accept s t hem. This is why Allah said,

びゅ⇔エ∇ヤタ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠エヤ͡∇ダΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ∇ゅレ∠ ィ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t here is no sin on t hem bot h if t hey make t erms of peace bet ween t hemselves;) He t hen said,

び∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ウ ⊥ ∇ヤダ ぁ ャや∠ヱぴ (and making peace is bet t er) t han divorce. Allah's st at ement ,

びウ ｚゼ ぁ ャや ザ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ルΕや れ ͡ ゲ∠ ツ ͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (And human souls are swayed by greed.) means, coming t o peaceful t erms, even when it involves forfeit ing some right s, is bet t er t han part ing. Abu Dawud At -Tayalisi recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Sawdah feared t hat t he Messenger of Allah might divorce her and she said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Do not divorce me; give my day t o ` A'ishah.' And he did, and lat er on Allah sent down,

ゅ⇔ッや∠ゲ∇ハま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔コヲ⊥ゼル⊥ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヘ∠ ⇒∠カ り∀ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ラ ͡ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びべ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ∇ゅレ∠ ィ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ (And if a woman fears cruelt y or desert ion on her husband's part , t here is no sin on t hem bot h) Ibn ` Abbas said, "What ever (legal agreement ) t he spouses mut ually agree t o is allowed.''. At Tirmidhi recorded it and said, "Hasan Gharib''. In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat ` A'ishah said t hat when Sawdah bint Zam` ah became old, she forfeit ed her day t o ` A'ishah, and t he Prophet used t o spend Sawdah's night wit h ` A'ishah. There is a similar narrat ion also collect ed by Al-Bukhari. Al-Bukhari also recorded t hat ` A'ishah comment ed;

びゅ⇔ッや∠ゲ∇ハま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔コヲ⊥ゼル⊥ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヘ∠ ⇒∠カ り∀ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ラ ͡ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And if a woman fears cruelt y or desert ion on her husband's part ), t hat it refers t o, "A man who is married t o an old woman, and he does not desire her and want s t o divorce her. So she says, ` I forfeit my right on you.' So t his Ayah was revealed.''

Meaning of "Making Peace is Better Allah said,

び∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ウ ⊥ ∇ヤダ ぁ ャや∠ヱぴ (And making peace is bet t er). ` Ali bin Abi Talhah relat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah refers t o, "When t he husband gives his wife t he choice bet ween st aying wit h him or leaving him, as t his is bet t er t han t he husband preferring ot her wives t o her.'' However, t he apparent wording of t he Ayah refers t o t he set t lement where t he wife forfeit s some of t he right s she has over her husband, wit h t he husband agreeing t o t his concession, and t hat t his set t lement is

bet t er t han divorce. For inst ance, t he Prophet kept Sawdah bint Zam` ah as his wife aft er she offered t o forfeit her day for ` A'ishah. By keeping her among his wives, his Ummah may follow t his kind of set t lement . Since set t lement and peace are bet t er wit h Allah t han part ing, Allah said,

び∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ウ ⊥ ∇ヤダ ぁ ャや∠ヱぴ (and making peace is bet t er). Divorce is not preferred wit h Allah. The meaning of Allah's st at ement ,

∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レジ ͡ ∇エゎ⊥ ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びや⇔ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ (But if you do good and have Taqwa, verily, Allah is Ever Well-Acquaint ed wit h what you do) if you are pat ient wit h t he wife you dislike and t reat her as ot her wives are t reat ed, t hen Allah knows what you do and will reward you for it perfect ly. Allah's st at ement ,

∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユわ⊥ ∇タゲ∠ ェ ∠ (You will never be able t o do perfect j ust ice bet ween wives even if it is your ardent desire,) means, O people! You will never be able t o be perfect ly j ust bet ween wives in every respect . Even when one divides t he night s j ust ly bet ween wives, t here will st ill be various degrees concerning love, desire and sexual int imacy, as Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ubaydah As-Salmani, Muj ahid, AlHasan Al-Basri and Ad-Dahhak bin Muzahim st at ed. Imam Ahmad and t he collect ors of t he Sunan recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "The Messenger of Allah used t o t reat his wives equally and proclaim,

ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ヶ͡レ∇ヨヤ⊥ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩⊥マヤ͡∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ヶ͡ヨ∇ジホ∠ や∠グワ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» «マ͡ヤ∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨゎ∠ (O Allah! This is my division in what I own, so do not blame me for what You own and I do not own) referring t o his heart . This was t he wording t hat Abu Dawud collect ed, and it s chain of narrat ors is Sahih. Allah's st at ement ,

びモ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや ｚモミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤΒ͡ヨゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ

(so do not incline t oo much t o one of t hem) means, when you like one of your wives more t han ot hers, do not exaggerat e in t reat ing her t hat way,

びる͡ ボ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ゅワ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so as t o leave t he ot her hanging. ) referring t o t he ot her wives. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan, Ad-Dahhak, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, As-Suddi and Muqat il bin Hayyan said t hat Mu` allaqah hanging means, "She is neit her divorced nor married.'' Abu Dawud At -Tayalisi recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ∩ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ や∠ギ∇ェま͡ ヴャ͡ま メ ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ゎぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ » «テ͡ホゅ∠シ ヮ͡ ∇Βボｚ セ ͡ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ (Whoever has t wo wives and inclines t o one of t hem (t oo much), will come on t he Day of Resurrect ion wit h one of his sides dragging.) Allah's st at ement ,

や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ダゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ (And if you do j ust ice, and do all t hat is right and have Taqwa, t hen Allah is Ever Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) The Ayah st at es: If you do j ust ice and divide equally in what you have power over, while fearing Allah in all condit ions, t hen Allah will forgive you t he favorit ism t hat you showed t o some of your wives. Allah t hen said,

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ バ∠ シ ∠ リあョ ６Κミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ͡ ∇ピΑ⊥ ゅ∠ホゲｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ ゅ⇔バ͡シヱ∠ (But if t hey separat e (divorce), Allah will provide abundance for everyone of t hem from His bount y. And Allah is Ever All-Sufficient for His creat ures' needs, All-Wise. ) This is t he t hird case bet ween husband and wife, in which divorce occurs. Allah st at es t hat if t he spouses separat e by divorce, t hen Allah will suffice t hem by giving him a bet t er wife and her a bet t er husband. The meaning of,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ ゅ⇔バシ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah is Ever All-Sufficient for His creat ures' needs, All-Wise.) is: His favor is t remendous, His bount y is enormous and He is All-Wise in all His act ions, decisions and commandment s.

∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ ラ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠レ∇Βタ ｚ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱ - や⇔ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ レ͡ ビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ ゅ⇒͡よ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇らワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ Α∠ ラ͡ま ゆ ∠ や∠ヲを∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リｚョ - や⇔ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゆ ⊥ や∠ヲを∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡バプ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨシ ∠ (131. And t o Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h. And verily, We have recommended t o t he People of t he Script ure before you, and t o you t hat you have Taqwa of Allah. But if you disbelieve, t hen unt o Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h, and Allah is Ever Rich (free of any needs), Wort hy of all praise.) (132. And t o Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h. And Allah is Ever All-Sufficient as Disposer of affairs.) (133. If He wills, He can t ake you away, O people, and bring ot hers. And Allah is Ever All-Pot ent over t hat .) (134. Whoever desires t he rewards of t his life, t hen wit h Allah is t he reward of t his worldly life and of t he Hereaft er. And Allah is Ever All-Hearer, AllSeer.)

The Necessity of Taqwa of Allah Allah st at es t hat He is t he Owner of t he heavens and eart h and t hat He is t he Supreme Aut horit y over t hem. Hence Allah's st at ement ,

∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠レ∇Βタ ｚ ヱ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚΑま͡ヱ∠

(And verily, We have recommended t o t he People of t he Script ure before you, and t o you) meaning, We have recommended t o you what We recommended t o t he People of Script ures; Taqwa of Allah, by worshipping Him Alone wit hout part ners. Allah t hen said,

ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや (But if you disbelieve, t hen unt o Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h). In anot her Ayah, Allah said t hat Musa said t o his people,

ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ び∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ヴ ｘ レ͡ ピ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ("If you disbelieve, you and all on t he eart h t oget her, t hen verily, Allah is Rich (free of any need), Owner of all praise.''). Allah said,

び∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ヴ ｘ レ͡ ビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠レ∇ピわ∠ ∇シやｚヱ ∇やヲｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎ∠ヱ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ム∠ プ∠ ぴ (So t hey disbelieved and t urned away. But Allah was not in need (of t hem). And Allah is Rich (free of any need), Wort hy of all praise) meaning, He is far t oo Rich t han t o need His servant s, and wort hy of all praise in all His decisions and commandment s. The meaning of Allah's st at ement ,

ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ (And t o Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h. And Allah is Ever AllSufficient as a Disposer of affairs.) He has perfect wat ch over every soul, knowing what it deserves, He is t he Wat cher, and Wit ness of all t hings. Allah's st at ement ,

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ ゅ⇒͡よ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇らワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まぴ び や⇔ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (If He wills, He can t ake you away, O people, and bring ot hers. And Allah is Ever All-Pot ent over t hat .) means, He is able t o t ake you away and replace you wit h ot her people if you disobey Him. In a similar Ayah, Allah said,

Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇メギ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ￢⊥ へゲ∠ ボ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ャやぴ び∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ (And if you t urn away, He will exchange you for some ot her people and t hey will not be your likes) Allah's st at ement ,

ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゆ ⊥ やヲ∠ を∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡バプ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゆ ∠ や∠ヲを∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リｚョぴ びり͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ (Whoever desires t he rewards of t his life, t hen wit h Allah is t he reward of t his worldly life and of t he Hereaft er.) means, O t hose whose ult imat e desire is t his life, know t hat Allah owns t he rewards of t his life and t he Hereaft er. Therefore, if you ask Allah for bot h, He will enrich you, award you and suffice for you. As Allah said,

∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ミグ͡ ミ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ム∠ ジ ͡ ⇒∠レョｚ ユ⊥わ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ プ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ミク͡ ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ -ペ ∃ ⇒∠ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ͡ゎや∠￢ ヶ͡プヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レゎ͡ や∠￢ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リｚョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ゅ∠レホ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや び∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ル (But of mankind t here are some who say: "Our Lord! Give us in t his world!'' and for such t here will be no port ion in t he Hereaft er. And of t hem t here are some who say: "Our Lord! Give us in t his world t hat which is good and in t he Hereaft er t hat which is good, and save us from t he t orment of t he Fire!'' For t hem t here will be allot ed a share for what t hey have earned),

びヮ͡ を͡ ∇ゲェ ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇キゴ͡ ル∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやゐ ∠ ∇ゲェ ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョぴ (Whosoever desires (by his deeds) t he reward of t he Hereaft er, We give him increase in his reward), and

￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤイ ｚハ ∠ る∠ ヤ∠イ ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リｚョぴ びギ⊥ Α͡ゲルぁ リ∠ヨャ͡ (Whoever desires t he quick-passing (t ransit ory enj oyment of t his world), We readily grant him what We will for whom We like) unt il,

びヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤツ ｚ プ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルやぴ (See how We prefer one above anot her (in t his world)). So Allah said here,

びや⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah is Ever All-Hearer, All-Seer.)

テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ∠ Β͡ョやｚヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ￢͡ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ よ͡ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャゅ∠プ や⇔ゲΒ∠ボプ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ レ͡ ビ ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ラ͡ま リ ∠ Β͡よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ヲ∇ヤゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ン∠ヲヰ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ び や⇔ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッ͡ゲ∇バゎ⊥ (135. O you who believe! St and out firmly for j ust ice, as wit nesses t o Allah, even t hough it be against yourselves, or your parent s, or your kin, be he rich or poor, Allah is a bet t er Prot ect or t o bot h. So follow not t he lust s, lest you may avoid j ust ice; and if you Talwu or Tu` ridu, it , verily, Allah is Ever Well-Acquaint ed wit h what you do.)

Commanding Justice and Conveying the Witness for Allah Allah commands His believing servant s t o st and up for j ust ice and fairness and not t o deviat e from it , right or left . They should not fear t he blame of anyone or allow anyone t o prevent t hem from doing somet hing for t he sake of Allah. They are also required t o help, support and aid each ot her for Allah's sake. Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャ ￢͡ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ぴ (as wit nesses t o Allah) is similar t o His st at ement ,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ り∠ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And est ablish t he t est imony for Allah). Test imony should be delivered precisely, for t he sake of Allah, t hus making t he t est imony correct , t ruly j ust , and free of alt erat ions, changes or delet ions. This is why Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (even t hough it be against yourselves,) meaning, give correct t est imony, and say t he t rut h when you are asked about it , even if harm will effect you as a consequence. Indeed, Allah shall make a way out and give relief for t hose who obey Him in every mat t er. Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘ や∠ヱ リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ぴ (or your parent s, or your kin,) means, even if you have t o t est ify against your parent s and kin, do not compromise for t heir sake. Rat her, give t he correct and j ust wit ness even if t hey are harmed in t he process, for t he t rut h presides above everyone and is preferred t o everyone. Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ヨ͡ヰ͡よ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャゅ∠プ や⇔ゲΒ∠ボプ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ レ͡ ビ ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ラ͡まぴ (be he rich or poor, Allah is a bet t er Prot ect or t o bot h.) means, do not favor someone (in your t est imony) because he is rich, or feel pit y for him because he is poor, for Allah is t heir caret aker, a bet t er Prot ect or of t hem t han you, and has bet t er knowledge of what is good for t hem. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ン∠ヲヰ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So follow not t he lust s, lest you may avoid j ust ice;) means, let not desire, lust or t he hat red you have against ot hers, lure you int o inj ust ice in your affairs. Rat her, st and for j ust ice in all sit uat ions. Allah said;

∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇ハや ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ラ ⊥ べ∠レセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ョ∠ ゲ͡ ∇イΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ヤ͡ャ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ (And let not t he enmit y and hat red of ot hers make you avoid j ust ice. Be j ust : t hat is nearer t o piet y) when t he Prophet sent ` Abdullah bin Rawahah t o collect t he t ax on t he fruit s and produce of t he Jews of Khaybar, t hey offered him a bribe so t hat he would go easy on t hem. He said; "By Allah! I have come t o you from t he dearest of t he creat ion t o me (Muhammad), and you are more hat ed by me t han an equivelent number of apes and swine. However, my love for him (t he Prophet ) and hat red for you shall not prevent me from being j ust wit h you.'' On t hat , t hey said, "This (j ust ice) is t he basis which t he heavens and eart h were creat ed. '' We will ment ion t his Hadit h lat er in Surat Al-Ma'idah (chapt er 5) Allah willing. Allah's st at ement aft erwards,

び∇やヲ⊥ッ͡ゲ∇バゎ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ヲ∇ヤゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (and if you Talwu or Tu` ridu) means, "Dist ort your t est imony and change it '', according t o Muj ahid and several ot hers among t he Salaf. Talwu, includes dist ort ion and int ent ional lying. For inst ance, Allah said,

びょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰわ∠ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ヲ∇ヤΑ∠ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲヘ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, among t hem is a part y who Yalwuna (dist ort ) t he Book wit h t heir t ongues (as t hey read)). Tu` ridu, includes hiding and wit hholding t he t est imony. Allah said,

びヮ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ヤホ∠ ∀ユ͡をや∠￢ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (Who hides it , surely, his heart is sinful) The Prophet said,

∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠ヰゼ ∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ￢͡ や∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠» «ゅ∠ヰャ∠ほ∠∇ジΑ⊥ (The best wit ness is he who discloses his t est imony before being asked t o do so.) Allah t hen warned,

びや⇔ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ

(Verily, Allah is Ever Well-Acquaint ed wit h what you do.) and will reward or punish you accordingly.

ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ ン͡グャｚや ͡ょ⇒∠わ͡ム∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ン͡グャｚや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ら͡ わ⊥ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ メ ∠ ゴ∠ルぺ∠ び や⇔ギΒ͡バよ∠ Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ (136. O you who believe! Believe in Allah, and His Messenger, and t he Book (t he Qur'an) which He has sent down t o His Messenger, and t he Script ure which He sent down t o t hose before; and whosoever disbelieves in Allah, His Angels, His Books, His Messengers, and t he Last Day, t hen indeed he has st rayed far away.)

The Order to Have Faith after Believing Allah commands His fait hful servant s t o adhere t o all t he element s of fait h, it s branches, pillars and cornerst ones. This is not st at ed as mere redundancy, but from t he view of complet ing fait h and t he cont inual maint enence of it . For inst ance, t he believer proclaims in every prayer,

び ユ∠ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヅ ∠ や∠ゲダ あ ャや ゅ∠ル͡ギ∇ワやぴ (Guide us t o t he st raight way.) which means, make us aware of t he st raight pat h and increase us in guidance and st rengt hen us on it . In t his Ayah 4:136 , Allah commands t he believers t o believe in Him and in His Messenger, j ust as He said elsewhere,

びヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シゲ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O you who believe! Have Taqwa of Allah, and believe in His Messenger, ). Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ン͡グャｚや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and t he Book which He has sent down t o His Messenger,) refers t o t he Qur'an, while,

びモ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ メ ∠ ゴ∠ルぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ

(and t he Script ure which He sent down t o t hose before (him);) refers t o t he previously revealed divine Books. Allah t hen said,

ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ わ⊥ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びや⇔ギΒ͡バよ∠ Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘや (and whosoever disbelieves in Allah, His Angels, His Books, His Messengers, and t he Last Day, t hen indeed he has st rayed far away.) meaning, he will have deviat ed from t he correct guidance and st rayed far away from it s pat h.

∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ｚユを⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ や⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠キ∇コや ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ゼ あ よ∠ - Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΒ∠ ャ͡ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ∠ラヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ り∠ ゴｚ バ͡ ャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ り∠ ゴｚ バ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや や∠クま͡ ∇ラぺ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ぺ⊥ゴ∠ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ∠ ム∠ Α⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ゑ ∃ Α͡ギェ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ガΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギバ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ョ͡ ゅ∠ィ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ や⇔ク͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ び ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ͡プ (137. Verily, t hose who believe, t hen disbelieve, t hen believe (again), and (again) disbelieve, and go on increasing in disbelief; Allah will not forgive t hem, nor guide t hem on t he (right ) way.) (138. Give t o t he hypocrit es t he t idings t hat t here is for t hem a painful t orment .) (139. Those who t ake disbelievers for friends inst ead of believers, do t hey seek honor wit h t hem Verily, t hen t o Allah belongs all honor). (140. And it has already been revealed t o you in t he Book t hat when you hear t he verses of Allah being denied and mocked at , t hen sit not wit h

t hem, unt il t hey engage in t alk ot her t han t hat ; cert ainly in t hat case you would be like t hem. Surely, Allah will collect t he hypocrit es and disbelievers all t oget her in Hell.)

Characteristics of the Hypocrites and Their Destination Allah st at es t hat whoever embraces t he fait h, revert s from it , embraces it again, revert s from it and remains on disbelief and increases in it unt il deat h, t hen he will never have a chance t o gain accept ed repent ance aft er deat h. Nor will Allah forgive him, or deliver him from his plight t o t he pat h of correct guidance. This is why Allah said,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΒ∠ ャ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャｚぴ (Allah will not forgive t hem, nor guide t hem on t he (right ) way). Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat his fat her said t hat Ahmad bin ` Abdah relat ed t hat Hafs bin Jami' said t hat Samak said t hat ` Ikrimah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed;

びや⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠キ∇コや ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and go on increasing in disbelief), "They remain on disbelief unt il t hey die.'' Muj ahid said similarly. Allah t hen said,

び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ゼ あ よ∠ ぴ (Give t o t he hypocrit es t he t idings t hat t here is for t hem a painful t orment .) Hence, t he hypocrit es have t his charact erist ic, for t hey believe, t hen disbelieve, and t his is why t heir heart s become sealed. Allah describes t he hypocrit es as t aking t he disbelievers as friends inst ead of t he believers, meaning t hey are t he disbelievers' support ers in realit y, for t hey give t hem t heir loyalt y and friendship in secret . They also say t o disbelievers when t hey are alone wit h t hem, "We are wit h you, we only mock t he believers by pret ending t o follow t heir religion.'' Allah said, while chast ising t hem for being friends wit h t he disbelievers,

びり∠ ゴｚ バ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (do t hey seek honor, wit h t hem) Allah t hen st at es t hat honor, power and glory is for Him Alone wit hout part ners, and for t hose whom Allah grant s such qualit ies t o. Allah said,

びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ り⊥ ｚゴバ͡ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚヤ͡プ∠ り∠ ゴｚ バ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョぴ (Whosoever desires honor, t hen t o Allah belong all honor), and,

リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シゲ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ り⊥ ｚゴバ͡ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや (But honor belongs t o Allah, and t o His Messenger, and t o t he believers, but t he hypocrit es know not ). The st at ement t hat honor is Allah's Alone, is meant t o encourage t he servant s t o adhere t o t heir servit ude t o Allah and t o be among His fait hful servant s who will gain vict ory in t his life and when t he Wit nesses st and up t o t est ify on t he Day of Resurect ion. Allah's st at ement ,

ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ラぺ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギバ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ぺ⊥ゴ∠ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ∠ ム∠ Α⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや び∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ や⇔ク͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ゑ ∃ Α͡ギェ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ガΑ∠ (And it has already been revealed t o you in t he Book t hat when you hear t he verses of Allah being denied and mocked at , t hen sit not wit h t hem, unt il t hey engage in t alk ot her t han t hat ; cert ainly in t hat case you would be like t hem.) The Ayah means, if you st ill commit t his prohibit ion aft er being aware of it s prohibit ion, sit t ing wit h t hem where Allah's Ayat are rej ect ed, mocked at and denied, and you sanct ion such conduct , t hen you have part icipat ed wit h t hem in what t hey are doing. So Allah said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ や⇔ク͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ ((But if you st ayed wit h t hem) cert ainly in t hat case you would be like t hem.) concerning t he burden t hey will earn. What has already been revealed in t he Book -- as t he Ayah says -- is t he Ayah in Surat Al-An` am 6 , which was revealed in Makkah,

ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ガΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ (And when you see t hose who engage in false conversat ion about Our verses (of t he Qur'an) by mocking at t hem, st ay away from t hem). Muqat il bin Hayyan said t hat t his Ayah 4:140 abrogat ed t he Ayah in Surat Al-An` am, referring t o t he part t hat says here,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ や⇔ク͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ

((But if you st ayed wit h t hem) cert ainly in t hat case you would be like t hem), and Allah's st at ement in Al-An` am,

￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ (Those who fear Allah, keep t heir dut y t o Him and avoid evil, are not responsible for t hem (t he disbelievers) in any case, but (t heir dut y) is t o remind t hem, t hat t hey may have Taqwa). Allah's st at ement ,

ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ョ͡ ゅ∠ィ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ (Surely, Allah will collect t he hypocrit es and disbelievers all t oget her in Hell.) means, j ust as t he hypocrit es part icipat e in t he Kufr of disbelievers, Allah will j oin t hem all t oget her t o reside in t he Fire for et ernit y, dwelling in t orment , punishment , enchained, rest rained and in drinking boiling wat er.

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ウ∇わ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡みプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ダよｚ ゲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ル リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョｚ ∇リム⊥ ル∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅホ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ∇バレ∠ ∇ヨル∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇クヲ͡ ∇エわ∠ ∇ジル∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャゅ∠プ びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ (141. Those who wait and wat ch about you; if you gain a vict ory from Allah, t hey say: "Were we not wit h you'' But if t he disbelievers gain a success, t hey say (t o t hem): "Did we not gain mast ery over you and did we not prot ect you from t he believers'' Allah will j udge bet ween you (all) on t he Day of Resurrect ion. And never will Allah grant t o t he disbelievers a way (t o t riumph) over t he believers.)

Hypocrites Wait and Watch what Happens to Muslims Allah st at es t hat t he hypocrit es wat ch and await t he harm t hat occurs t o t he believers, await ing t he t ime when t he Muslim circumst ances and religion are dissolved and t he st at e of Kufr t akes over.

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ウ∇わ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (if you gain a vict ory from Allah) t riumph, aid and boot y,

び∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョｚ ∇リム⊥ ル∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (t hey say, "Were we not wit h you'') t rying t o come closer t o t he believers wit h t his st at ement . However,

び∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ル リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (But if t he disbelievers gain a success,) by gaining vict ory over t he believers somet imes, j ust as occurred during Uhud, for surely, t he Messengers are t est ed, but t he final vict ory is t heirs.

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ∇バレ∠ ∇ヨル∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇クヲ͡ ∇エわ∠ ∇ジル∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (t hey say (t o t hem), "Did we not gain mast ery over you and did we not prot ect you from t he believers'') meaning, did we not help you in secret and t ry our best t o confuse t he believers and weaken t heir resolve, unt il you gained vict ory over t hem This st at ement of t he hypocrit es is an at t empt t o st rengt hen relat ions wit h t he disbelievers, because t hey pret end t o be friends wit h bot h part ies so t hat t hey will be safe from t heir harm, due t o t heir weak fait h and lack of cert aint y. Allah said,

びる͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャゅ∠プぴ (Allah will j udge bet ween you (all) on t he Day of Resurrect ion) meaning, by what He knows about you, O hypocrit es. Therefore, do not be deceived by being shaded under t he prot ect ion of Islamic Law in t his life, which is such only out of Allah's wisdom. Surely, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, your pret ending shall not benefit you, because on t hat Day, t he secret s of t he souls will be disclosed and t he cont ent s of t he heart s will be collect ed. Allah said,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ リャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And never will Allah grant t o t he disbelievers a way (t o t riumph) over t he believers). ` AbdurRazzaq recorded t hat Yasi` Al-Kindi said, "A man came t o ` Ali bin Abi Talib and said, ` What about t his Ayah,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ

(And never will Allah grant t o t he disbelievers a way (t o t riumph) over t he believers.) ` Ali said, ` Come closer, come closer. Allah will j udge bet ween you on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and He will not grant vict ory for t he disbelievers over t he believers.' '' Ibn Jurayj recorded t hat ` At a' Al-Khurasani said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (And never will Allah grant t o t he disbelievers a way (t o t riumph) over t he believers.) "Will occur on t he Day of Resurrect ion.'' As-Suddi recorded t hat Abu Malik Al-Ashj a` i said t hat it occurs on t he Day of Resurrect ion. As-Suddi said t hat "way'' means, proof. It is possible t hat t he meaning of, ` and never will Allah grant t o t he disbelievers a way (t o t riumph) over t he believers', is in t his life by being unable t o ext erminat e t he believers complet ely, alt hough t hey somet imes gain vict ory over some Muslims. However, t he Final Triumph will be for t he believers in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Allah said,

り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠レャ∠ ゅｚル͡まぴ びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや (Verily, We will indeed make vict orious Our Messengers and t hose who believe in t he worldly life) This provides a rebut t al t o t he wishes of t he hypocrit es for t he dest ruct ion of t he believers, and t heir loyalt y t o t he disbelievers, fearing for t hemselves if t hey are vict orious. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,

び∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゲ͡ ⇒∠ジΑ⊥ ∀チ∠ゲョｚ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン∠ゲわ∠ プ∠ ぴ (And you see t hose in whose heart s t here is a disease (of hypocrisy), t hey hurry t o t heir friendship), unt il,

びリ ∠ Β͡ョギ͡ ⇒∠ルぴ (Regret ful)

や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ハ ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギ͡ ⇒∠ガΑ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢へ∠ゲΑ⊥ ヴ∠ャゅ∠ジミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホ り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∠リΒ͡よ∠グ∇よ∠グョぁ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠

リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠ャま͡ びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ (142. Verily, t he hypocrit es seek t o deceive Allah, but it is He Who deceives t hem. And when t hey st and up for Salah, t hey st and wit h laziness and t o be seen of men, and t hey do not remember Allah but lit t le.) (143. (They are) swaying bet ween t his and t hat , belonging neit her t o t hese nor t o t hose; and he whom Allah sends ast ray, you will not find for him a way.)

The Hypocrites Try to Deceive Allah and Sway Between Believers and Disbelievers In t he beginning of Surat Al-Baqarah 2 , we ment ioned Allah's st at ement ,

びやヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギ͡ ⇒∠ガΑ⊥ ぴ (They (t hink t o) deceive Allah and t hose who believe). Here, Allah st at es,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ハ ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギ͡ ⇒∠ガΑ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he hypocrit es seek t o deceive Allah, but it is He Who deceives t hem.) There is no doubt t hat Allah can never be deceived, for He has perfect knowledge of t he secret s and what t he heart s conceal. However, t he hypocrit es, due t o t heir ignorance, scarce knowledge and weak minds, t hink t hat since t hey were successful in deceiving people, using Islamic Law as a cover of safet y for t hemselves, t hey will acquire t he same st at us wit h Allah on t he Day of Resurrect ion and deceive Him t oo. Allah st at es t hat on t hat Day, t he hypocrit es will swear t o Him t hat t hey were on t he pat h of right eousness and correct ness t hinking t hat such st at ement will benefit t hem wit h Allah. For inst ance, Allah said,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΒ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ん⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ (On t he Day when Allah will resurrect t hem all t oget her; t hen t hey will swear t o Him as t hey swear t o you) Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ハ ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ

(but it is He Who deceives t hem) means, He lures t hem furt her int o inj ust ice and misguidance. He also prevent s t hem from reaching t he t rut h in t his life and on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Allah said,

∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヲぁル リ͡ョ ∇ザら͡ わ∠ ∇ボル∠ ゅル∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ルや (On t he Day when t he hypocrit es men and women will say t o t he believers: "Wait for us! Let us get somet hing from your light !'' It will be said: "Go back t o your rear! Then seek a light !'') unt il,

びゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion). A Hadit h st at es;

ぶ ⊥ や ン∠￢や∠ケ ン∠￢や∠ケ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ノ∠ ヨｚ シ ∠ ノ∠ ヨｚ シ ∠ リ∠ョ» «ヮ͡よ (Whoever want s t o be heard of, Allah will make him heard of, and whoever want s t o be seen, Allah will show him.) Allah's st at ement ,

びヴ∠ャゅ∠ジミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホ り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t hey st and up for Salah, t hey st and wit h laziness). This is t he charact erist ic of t he hypocrit es wit h t he most honored, best and right eous act of worship, t he prayer. When t hey st and for prayer, t hey st and in laziness because t hey neit her t ruly int end t o perform it nor do t hey believe in it , have humilit y in it , or underst and it . This is t he descript ion of t heir out ward at t it ude! As for t heir heart s, Allah said,

びサ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢へ∠ゲΑ⊥ ぴ (t o be seen of men) meaning, t hey do not have sincerit y when worshipping Allah. Rat her, t hey show off t o people so t hat t hey gain closeness t o t hem. They are oft en absent from t he prayers t hat t hey can hide away from, such as t he ` Isha' prayer and t he Dawn prayer t hat are prayed in darkness. In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

￢͡ ゅ∠ゼバ͡ ∇ャや り⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボプ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ り͡ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや モ ⊥ ボ∠ ∇をぺ∠» ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ∇ヲゎ∠ ほ∠ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ゲ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ヱ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥ュゅ∠ボわ⊥ プ∠ り͡ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ゲ∠ ョ⊥ へ ∇ラぺ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヨ∠ ワ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ヲ∇らェ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヶ ∠ バ͡ ョ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ͡ト ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡サゅｚレャゅ͡よ ヶあヤダ ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ ゲ∠ ョ⊥ へ ゅ∠ャ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴャ͡ま ∩∃ょト ∠ェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀ュ∠ゴェ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠ィゲ͡ よ͡ «ケゅｚレャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ベ ∠ ゲあ ェ ∠ ほ⊥プ∠ ∩∠りゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ . (The heaviest prayers on t he hypocrit es are t he ` Isha' and Dawn prayers. If t hey know t heir rewards, t hey will at t end t hem even if t hey have t o crawl. I was about t o order someone t o pronounce t he Adhan for t he prayer, t hen order someone t o lead t he prayer for t he people, t hen order some men t o collect fire-wood (fuel); t hen I would burn t he houses around men who did not at t end t he (compulsory congregat ional) prayer.) In anot her narrat ion, t he Prophet said,

ゅ⇔ホ∇ゲハ ∠ ギ⊥ イ ͡ Α∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» ゅ∠ャ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠りゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ギ∠ ヰ͡ ゼ ∠ ャ∠ ∩͡リ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ∇ゲョ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔レΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ホゲｚ エ ∠ ャ∠ る͡ ⇒ｚΑケあ グぁ ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ ゅ∠ジレあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ れ ͡ ヲ⊥Βら⊥ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ョ «ケゅｚレャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (By Him, in Whose Hand my soul is, if anyone of t hem had known t hat he would get a bone covered wit h good meat or t wo (small) pieces of meat bet ween t wo ribs, he would have t urned up for t he prayer, and had it not been t hat t he houses have women and children in t hem, I would burn t heir homes around t hem.) Allah's st at ement ,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey do not remember Allah but lit t le) means, during t he prayer t hey do not feel humbleness or pay at t ent ion t o what t hey are recit ing. Rat her, during t heir prayer, t hey are inat t ent ive, j est ing and avoid t he good t hat t hey are meant t o receive from prayer. Imam Malik report ed t hat Al-` Ala' bin ` Abdur-Rahman said t hat Anas bin Malik said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ∩͡ペプ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや り⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ∩͡ペプ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや り⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ » や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩∠ザ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ょ ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ザ ⊥ ヤ͡∇イΑ∠ ∩͡ペプ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや り⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩ゅ⇔バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ゲ∠ ボ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩͡ラゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ヶ ͡ ル∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ «ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡ヤホ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ぶ ∠ や ゲ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ (This is t he prayer of t he hypocrit e, t his is t he prayer of t he hypocrit e, t his is t he prayer of t he hypocrit e. He sit s wat ching t he sun unt il when it goes down bet ween t he t wo horns of t he devil, he st ands up pecks out four Rak` ahs (for ` Asr) wit hout remembering Allah during t hem except lit t le.) Muslim, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i also recorded it . At -Tirmidhi said "Hasan Sahih''. Allah's st at ement ,

び￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∠リΒ͡よ∠グ∇よ∠グョぁ ぴ ((They are) swaying bet ween t his and t hat , belonging neit her t o t hese) means t hat t he hypocrit es are swaying bet ween fait h and disbelief. So t hey are neit her wit h believers inwardly or out wardly nor wit h disbelievers inwardly or out wardly. Rat her, t hey are wit h t he believers out wardly and wit h t he disbelievers inwardly. Some of t hem would suffer fit s of doubt , leaning t owards t hese somet imes and t owards t hose somet imes,

∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ へ∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ヮ͡ Βプ͡ ∇や∇ヲゼ ∠ ョｚ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ッぺ∠ べ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ び∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホ (Whenever it flashes for t hem, t hey walk t herein, and when darkness covers t hem, t hey st and st ill). Muj ahid said;

び￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∠リΒ͡よ∠グ∇よ∠グョぁ ぴ ((They are) swaying bet ween t his and t hat , belonging neit her t o t hese) "The Companions of Muhammad ,

び￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor t o t hose): t he Jews.'' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat t he Prophet said,

∩͡リ∇Βヨ∠ レ∠ ピ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ も͡ ゅ∠バ∇ャや り͡ ゅｚゼャや モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ペ ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ » ヵ͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⇔りゲｚ ョ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ∩⇔りゲｚ ョ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ヴャ͡ま ゲ⊥ Β͡バゎ∠ «ノ∠ら∇わゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ わ∠ Αｚ ぺ∠ (The example of t he hypocrit e is t he example of t he sheep wandering bet ween t wo herds, somet imes she goes t o one of t hem, and somet imes t he ot her, confused over whom she should follow.) Muslim also recorded it . This is why Allah said aft erwards,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and he whom Allah sends ast ray, you will not find for him a way.) meaning, whomever He leads ast ray from t he guidance,

びや⇔ギセ ͡ ∇ゲョぁ ゅ６Βャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ぴ (For him you will find no Wali (guiding friend) t o lead him (t o t he right pat h)) because,

びヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヵ ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠ワ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョぴ (Whomsoever Allah sends ast ray, none can guide him). So t he hypocrit es whom Allah has led ast ray from t he pat hs of safet y will never find a guide t o direct t hem, nor someone t o save t hem. There is none who can resist Allah's decision, and He is not asked about what He does, while t hey all will be asked.

￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ ぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ モ ͡ ヘ∠ ∇シΙ ｘやポ ͡ ∇ケギｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ - ゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇やヲ⊥ダヤ∠∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨダ ∠ わ∠ ∇ハや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥エヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや れ ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠

∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲム∠ セ ∠ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅｚョ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ や⇔ゲ͡ム⇒∠セ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レョ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ (144. O you who believe! Do not t ake disbelievers as friends inst ead of believers. Do you wish t o offer Allah a manifest Sult an against yourselves) (145. Verily, t he hyprocrit es will be in t he lowest dept h (grade) of t he Fire; no helper will you find for t hem.) (146. Except t hose who repent , do right eous good deeds, depend on Allah, and purify t heir religion for Allah, t hen t hey will be wit h t he believers. And Allah will grant t he believers a great reward.) (147. Why should Allah punish you if you have t hanked (Him) and have believed in Him. And Allah is Ever AllAppreciat ive (of good), All-Knowing.)

The Prohibition of Wilayah with the Disbelievers Allah forbids His believing servant s from t aking t he disbelievers as friends inst ead of t he believers. This includes being friends and associat es of t he disbelievers, advising t hem, being int imat e wit h t hem and exposing t he secret s of t he believers t o t hem. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,

ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや グ͡ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ Ι ｚぴ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや びヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ケあグエ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ま͡ (Let not t he believers t ake t he disbelievers as friends inst ead of t he believers, and whoever does t hat , will never be helped by Allah in any way, except if you indeed fear a danger from t hem. And Allah warns you against Himself). meaning, He warns you against His punishment if you fall int o what He has prohibit ed. This is why Allah said here,

びゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ ぺ∠ぴ (Do you wish t o offer Allah a manifest Sult an against yourselves) meaning, proof against you t hat warrant s receiving His t orment . Ibn Abi Hat im narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed;

びゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ぴ (manifest Sult an), "The word Sult an in t he Qur'an means proof. '' There is an aut hent ic chain of narrat ion for t his st at ement , which is also t he saying of Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi, Ad-Dahhak, As-Suddi and An-Nadr bin ` Arabi.

The Hypocrites and the Friends of Disbelievers are in the Lowest Depth of the Fire, Unless they Repent Allah t hen st at es t hat ,

びケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ モ ͡ ヘ∠ ∇シΙ ｘやポ ͡ ∇ケギｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he hypocrit es will be in t he lowest dept hs of t he Fire;) on t he Day of Resurrect ion due t o t heir t remendous Kufr. Al-Walibi ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

びケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ モ ͡ ヘ∠ ∇シΙ ｘやポ ͡ ∇ケギｚ ャや ヴ͡プぴ (in t he lowest dept hs (grade) of t he Fire;) means, in t he bot t om of t he Fire. Ot her scholars said t hat t he Fire has ever lower dept hs j ust as Paradise had ever higher grades. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said t hat ,

びケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ モ ͡ ヘ∠ ∇シΙ ｘやポ ͡ ∇ケギｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he hypocrit es will be in t he lowest dept hs (grade) of t he Fire), "Inside coffins of Fire t hat surround t hem, for t hey are closed and sealed in t hem.'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat when Ibn Mas` ud was asked about t he hypocrit es, he said, "They will be placed in coffins made of fire and t hey will be closed in t hem in t he lowest dept h of t he Fire.''

びや⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (no helper will you find for t hem. ) t o save t hem from t heir misery and painful t orment . Allah t hen st at es t hat whoever among t he hypocrit es repent s in t his life, Allah will accept his repent ance and sorrow, if his repent ance were sincere and he t hen follows it by performing right eous deeds, all t he while depending on his Lord. Allah said, a

ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨダ ∠ わ∠ ∇ハや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥エヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇やヲ⊥ダヤ∠∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ (Except t hose who repent (from hypocrisy), do right eous good deeds, depend on Allah, and purify t heir religion for Allah) replacing showing off wit h sincerit y, so t hat t heir good deeds will benefit t hem, even if t hey were minut e.

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ (t hen t hey will be wit h t he believers.) on t he Day of Resurrect ion,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや れ ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah will grant t o t he believers a great reward.) Allah t hen st at es t hat He is t oo Rich t o need anyone and t hat He only punishes t he servant s because of t heir sins,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇レョ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲム∠ セ ∠ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅｚョぴ (Why should Allah punish you if you have t hanked (Him) and have believed in Him.) by correct ing your act ions and having fait h in Allah and His Messenger ,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ や⇔ゲ͡ム⇒∠セ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah is Ever All-Appreciat ive (of good), All-Knowing.) Allah appreciat es t hose who appreciat e Him, and has knowledge of t hose whose heart s believe in Him, and He will give t hem perfect rewar.

リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ￢͡ ヲぁジャゅ͡よ ゲ∠ ∇ヰイ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ｚぴ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ ラ͡ま - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡ニ ⊥ や⇔ヲ∂ ヘ⊥ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ￢∃ ヲ⊥シ リ∠ハ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇バゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ロヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ び や⇔ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ (148. Allah does not like t hat t he evil should be ut t ered in public except by him who has been wronged. And Allah is Ever All-Hearer, All-Knower.) (149. Whet her you disclose a good deed or conceal it , or pardon an evil, verily, Allah is Ever Pardoning, All-Powerful.)

The Permission to Utter Evil in Public, For One Who Was Wronged Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah,

びメ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ￢͡ ヲぁジャゅ͡よ ゲ∠ ∇ヰイ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ｚぴ (Allah does not like t hat t he evil should be ut t ered in public) "Allah does not like t hat any one should invoke Him against anyone else, unless one was wronged. In t his case, Allah allows one t o invoke Him against whoever wronged him. Hence Allah's st at ement ,

びユ∠ ヤ∠ニ ∠ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま∠ぴ (except by him who has been wronged.) Yet , it is bet t er for one if he observes pat ience.'' AlHasan Al-Basri comment ed, "One should not invoke Allah (for curses) against whoever wronged him. Rat her, he should supplicat e, ` O Allah! Help me against him and t ake my right from him.''' In anot her narrat ion, Al-Hasan said, "Allah has allowed one t o invoke Him against whoever wronged him wit hout t ransgressing t he limit s.'' ` Abdul-Karim bin Malik Al-Jazari said about t his Ayah; "When a man curses you, you could curse him in ret aliat ion. But if he lies about you, you may not lie about him.

リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤニ ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ わ∠ ルや リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びモ ∃ Β͡らシ ∠ (And indeed whosoever t akes revenge aft er he has suffered wrong, for such t here is no way (of blame) against t hem. )'' Abu Dawud recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ギ͡ わ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ む͡キゅ∠ら∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠バ∠プ ∩ゅ∠ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ョ ラ ͡ ゅｚらわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ャや» «ュヲ⊥ヤ∇ヌヨ∠ ∇ャや (What ever words are ut t ered by t hose who curse each ot her, t hen he who st art ed it will carry t he burden t hereof, unless t he one who was wronged t ransgresses t he limit .) Allah said,

ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ￢∃ ヲ⊥シ リ∠ハ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇バゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ロヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ ラ͡まぴ び や⇔ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ や⇔ヲ∂ ヘ⊥ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや (Whet her you disclose a good deed, or conceal it , or pardon an evil; verily, Allah is Ever Pardoning, All-Powerful.) Meaning when you, mankind, admit t o a good favor done t o you, or conceal it , and forgive t hose who wrong you, t hen t his will bring you closer t o Allah and increase your reward wit h Him. Among Allah's at t ribut es is t hat He forgives and pardons His servant s, alt hough He is able t o punish t hem. Hence Allah's st at ement ,

びや⇔ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ や⇔ヲ∂ ヘ⊥ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (Verily, Allah is Ever Pardoning, All-Powerful.) It was report ed t hat some of t he angels who carry Allah's Throne praise Him saying, "All praise is due t o You for Your forbearing even t hough You have perfect knowledge (in all evil commit t ed).'' Some of t hem supplicat e, "All praise is due t o You for Your forgiving even t hough You have perfect abilit y (t o punish).'' An aut hent ic Hadit h st at es,

や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や キ∠ や∠コ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∃るホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀メゅ∠ョ ゾ ∠ ボ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ» «ぶや ヮ⊥ バ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ぶ ͡ ノ∠ ッ ∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩や６ゴハ ͡ ゅャｚま͡ ヲ∃ ∇ヘバ∠ よ͡ (No charit y shall ever decrease wealt h, and Allah will only increase t he honor of a servant who pardons, and he who is humble for Allah's sake, t hen Allah will elevat e his grade.)

ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲあ ヘ∠ Α⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠Α ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムル∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ボ∂ ェ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ - Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ゅ⇔レΒ͡ヰョぁ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲあ ヘ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ (150. Verily, t hose who disbelieve in Allah and His Messengers and wish t o make dist inct ion bet ween Allah and His Messengers saying, "We believe in some but rej ect ot hers,'' and wish t o adopt a way in bet ween.) (151. They are in t rut h disbelievers. And We have prepared for t he disbelievers a humiliat ing t orment .) (152. And t hose who believe in Allah and His Messengers and make no dist inct ion bet ween any of t hem (Messengers), We shall give t hem t heir rewards; and Allah is Ever Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

Believing in Some Prophets and Rejecting Others is Pure Kufr

Allah t hreat ens t hose who disbelieve in Him and in His Messengers, such as t he Jews and Christ ians, who different iat e bet ween Allah and His Messengers regarding fait h. They believe in some Prophet s and rej ect ot hers, following t heir desires, lust s and t he pract ices of t heir forefat hers. They do not follow any proof for such dist inct ion, because t here is no such proof. Rat her, t hey follow t heir lust s and prej udices. The Jews, may Allah curse t hem, believe in t he Prophet s, except ` Isa and Muhammad, peace be upon t hem. The Christ ians believe in t he Prophet s but rej ect t heir Final and Seal, and t he most honored among t he prophet s, Muhammad, peace be upon him. In addit ion, t he Samirah (Samarit ans) do not believe in any Prophet aft er Yuwsha` (Joshua), t he successor of Musa bin ` Imran. The Maj us (Zoroast rians) are said t o believe only in a Prophet called Zoroast er, alt hough t hey do not believe in t he law he brought t hem cast ing it behind t hem, and Allah knows best . Therefore, whoever rej ect s only one of Allah's Prophet s, he will have disbelieved in all of t hem, because it is required from mankind t o believe in every prophet whom Allah sent t o t he people of t he eart h. And whoever rej ect s one Prophet , out of envy, bias and personal whim, he only demonst rat es t hat his fait h in ot her Prophet s is not valid, but an act of following desire and whim. This is why Allah said,

びヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who disbelieve in Allah and His Messengers...) Thus, Allah describes t hese people as disbelievers in Allah and His Messengers;

びヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲあ ヘ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and wish t o make dist inct ion bet ween Allah and His Messengers) in fait h,

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムル∠ ヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ヱぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ (saying, "We believe in some but rej ect ot hers,'' and wish t o adopt a way in bet ween.) Allah t hen describes t hem;

びゅ⇔ボ∂ ェ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (They are in t rut h disbelievers.) meaning, t heir disbelief in t he Prophet t hey claim t o believe in is clear. This is because t heir claimed fait h in a cert ain Messenger is not t rue, for had t hey t ruly believed in him, t hey would have believed in ot her Messengers, especially if t he ot her Messenger has a st ronger proof for his t rut hfulness. Or at least , t hey would have st rived hard t o acquire knowledge of t he t rut h of t he ot her Messenger. Allah said,

びゅ⇔レΒ͡ヰョぁ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(And We have prepared for t he disbelievers a humiliat ing t orment .) This is j ust punishment for belit t ling t he Prophet s whom t hey disbelieved in, by ignoring what t he Prophet brought t o t hem from Allah, and because t hey are int erest ed in t he insignificant possessions of t his world. Or, t heir behavior could be t he result of t heir disbelief in t he Prophet aft er t hey were aware of his t rut h, j ust as t he Jewish rabbis did during t he t ime of Muhammad, t he Messenger of Allah . The Jews envied t he Messenger because of t he great prophet hood t hat Allah gave him, and as a consequence, t hey denied t he Messenger, defied him, became his enemies and fought against him. Allah sent humiliat ion upon t hem in t his life, t hat shall be followed by disgrace in t he Hereaft er,

ょ ∃ ツ ∠ ピ∠ よ͡ やヱ⊥￢べ∠よヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ム∠ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ る⊥ ャｚグあ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろよ∠ ゲ͡ ッ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ (And t hey were covered wit h humiliat ion and misery, and t hey drew on t hemselves t he wrat h of Allah.) in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Allah's st at ement ,

ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲあ ヘ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ (And t hose who believe in Allah and His Messengers and make no dist inct ion bet ween any of t hem,) This refers t o t he Ummah of Muhammad who believe in every Book t hat Allah has revealed and in every Prophet whom Allah has sent . Allah said,

ヮ͡ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨ͡よ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ (The Messenger believes in what has been revealed t o him from his Lord, and (so do) t he believers. All of t hem believe in Allah.) (2:285). Allah t hen st at es t hat He has prepared great rewards for t hem, t remendous favor and a handsome bount y,

び∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (We shall give t hem t heir rewards;) because of t heir fait h in Allah and His Messengers,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and Allah is Ever Forgiving, Most Merciful.) for t heir sin, if t hey have any.

リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴあ レ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ⊥ほ∠∇ジΑ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク リ͡ョ ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャほ∠シ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤヌ ⊥ よ͡ る⊥ ボ∠ バ͡ ⇒ｚダャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゅ∠ルケ͡ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ヲヘ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ∠ ∇イバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥グ∠ガゎｚ や ゅ∠レ∇バプ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢∠ヱ マ ∠ ャ͡ク リ∠ハ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ら∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ボ͡ ⇒∠んΒ͡ヨよ͡ ケ∠ ヲぁトャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ∇らジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ギｚイシ ⊥ び ゅ⇔ヌΒ͡ヤビ ∠ ゅ⇔ボ⇒∠んΒあョ (153. The People of t he Script ure (Jews) ask you t o cause a book t o descend upon t hem from heaven. Indeed, t hey asked Musa for even great er t han t hat , when t hey said: "Show us Allah in public,'' but t hey were st ruck wit h a bolt of light ning for t heir wickedness. Then t hey worshipped t he calf even aft er Al-Bayyinat had come t o t hem. (Even) so We forgave t hem. And We gave Musa a clear proof of aut horit y.) (154. And for t heir covenant , We raised over t hem t he mount and (on t he ot her occasion) We said: "Ent er t he gat e prost rat ing (or bowing) wit h humilit y;'' and We commanded t hem: "Transgress not on t he Sabbat h (Sat urday).'' And We t ook from t hem a firm covenant .)

The Stubbornness of the Jews Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi, As-Suddi and Qat adah said t hat t he Jews asked t he Messenger of Allah t o cause a book t o come down t o t hem from heaven, j ust as t he Tawrah was sent down t o Musa. Ibn Jurayj said t hat t he Jews asked t he Messenger t o cause books t o come down t o t hem addressed t o so-and-so among t hem, t est ifying t o t he t rut h of what he was sent wit h. The Jews only asked for t his because of t heir st ubbornness, defiance, rej ect ion and disbelief. The disbelievers of Quraysh also asked for similar t hings from t he Prophet , as is ment ioned in Surat Al-Isra',

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゲ∠ イ ⊥ ∇ヘゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び ゅハ ⇔ ヲ⊥ら∇レΑ∠

(And t hey say: "We shall not believe in you, unt il you cause a spring t o gush fort h from t he eart h for us;) (17:90) Allah said,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゅ∠ルケ͡ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク リ͡ョ ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャほ∠シ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤヌ ⊥ よ͡ る⊥ ボ∠ バ͡ ⇒ｚダャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠ (Indeed, t hey asked Musa for even great er t han t hat , when t hey said, "Show us Allah in public,'' but t hey were st ruck wit h a bolt of light ning for t heir wickedness.) inj ust ice, t ransgression, defiance and rebellion. This part was explained in Surat Al-Baqarah,

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ン∠ゲル∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠Α ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ｚユを⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ る⊥ ボ∠ バ͡ ⇒ｚダャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ム⇒∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ (And (remember) when you said: "O Musa! We shall never believe in you unt il we see Allah plainly.'' But you were st ruck by a bolt of light ning while you were looking. Then We raised you up aft er your deat h, so t hat you might be grat eful.) (2:55,56) Allah's st at ement ,

びろ ⊥ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ∠ ∇イバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥グ∠ガゎｚ や ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then t hey worshipped t he calf even aft er Al-Bayyinat had come t o t hem.) meaning, aft er t hey wit nessed t he t remendous miracles and unequivocal proofs at t he hand of Musa in Egypt . They also wit nessed t he demise of t heir enemy, Fir` awn and his soldiers, when t hey all drowned in t he sea. Yet soon aft er, when t hey passed by a people who were worshipping idols, t hey said t o Musa,

びる∀ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ べ∠レャｚ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィやぴ (Make for us a god as t hey have gods.) Allah explains t he st ory of t he Jews worshipping t he calf in Surat Al-A` raf (7) and Surah Ta Ha (20) aft er Musa went t o meet wit h his Lord. When Musa ret urned, Allah decreed t hat in order for t he Jews t o earn accept ed repent ance, t hen t hose who did not worship t he calf would have t o kill t hose who worshipped it . They complied wit h t his command, and Allah resurrect ed t hem aft erwards. Allah said here,

びゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢∠ヱ マ ∠ ャ͡ク リ∠ハ ゅ∠ル∇ヲヘ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ぴ ((Even) so We forgave t hem. And We gave Musa a clear proof of aut horit y. ) Allah t hen said,

び∇ユヰ͡ ボ͡ ⇒∠んΒ͡ヨよ͡ ケ∠ ヲぁトャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バプ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And for t heir covenant , We raised over t hem t he mount ,) This was when t hey refrained from implement ing t he rulings of t he Tawrah and refused what Musa brought t hem from Allah. So Allah raised t he mount ain above t heir heads and t hey were ordered t o prost rat e, which t hey did. Even so, t hey were looking above when t hey were prost rat ing for fear t hat t he mount ain might fall on t hem,

∀ノ͡ホや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ∇やヲぁレニ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀るヤｚニ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ イ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボわ∠ ル∠ ク͡まヱ∠ ぴ びり∃ ヲｚ ボ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ミゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ (And (remember) when We raised t he mount ain over t hem as if it had been a canopy, and t hey t hought t hat it was going t o fall on t hem. (We said): "Hold firmly t o what We have given you.'') Allah t hen said,

びや⇔ギｚイシ ⊥ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ら∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We said, "Ent er t he gat e prost rat ing (or bowing) wit h humilit y;'') meaning t hat t hey also defied t his command in word and act ion. They were commanded t o ent er Bayt Al-Quds (in Jerusalem) while bowing and saying "Hit t ah'', meaning: ` O Allah! t ake from us our sin of abandoning Jihad.' This was t he cause of t heir wandering in t he desert of Tih for fort y years. Yet , t hey ent ered t he House while crawling on t heir rear ends and saying ` Hint ah (a wheat grain) in Sha` rah (t he hair)'.

びろ ͡ ∇らジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We commanded t hem, "Transgress not t he Sabbat h (Sat urday).'') meaning, We commanded t hem t o honor t he Sabbat h and honor what Allah prohibit ed t hem on t hat day.

びゅ⇔ヌΒ͡ヤビ ∠ ゅ⇔ボ⇒∠んΒあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ t (And We t ook from t hem a firm covenant .) meaning, st rong covenant . They rebelled, t ransgressed and commit t ed what Allah prohibit ed by using deceit and t rickery, as is ment ioned in Surat Al-A` raf (7),

びゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや り∠ ゲ∠ ッ ͡ ゅ∠ェ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ヴ͡わャｚや る͡ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヤゃ∠ ∇シヱ∠ ぴ (And ask t hem about t he t own t hat was by t he sea.)

ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ヤ͡∇わホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ∠ ユ͡ワゲ͡ ∇ヘミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ⇒∠んΒｚョ ∇ユヰ͡ ツ ͡ ∇ボル∠ ゅ∠ヨら͡ プ∠ ぴ ノ∠ ら∠ デ ∠ ∇モよ∠ ∀ブ∇ヤビ ⊥ ゅ∠レよ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ｙェ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠Βら͡ ∇ルΙ ｘや - Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠わ∇ヰよ⊥ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ よ͡ ヱ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ウ ∠ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ∠ らあ セ ⊥ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥らヤ∠タ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ マ ｙセ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ⊥ バ∠ プ∠ ケｚ モ∠よ - ゅ⇔レΒ͡ボΑ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ リ あヌ ｚ ャや ネ ∠ ゅ∠らゎあ や Ι ｚ ま͡ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ や⇔ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ｚ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ (155. Because of t heir breaking t he covenant , and t heir rej ect ing t he Ayat of Allah, and t heir killing t he Prophet s unj ust ly, and t heir saying: "Our heart s are Ghulf,'' nay, Allah has set a seal upon t heir heart s because of t heir disbelief, so t hey believe not but a lit t le.) (156. And because of t heir disbelief and ut t ering against Maryam a grave false charge.) (157. And because of t heir saying, "We killed Al-Masih ` Isa, son of Maryam, t he Messenger of Allah,'' but t hey killed him not , nor crucified him, but it appeared as t hat t o t hem, and t hose who differ t herein are full of doubt s. They have no (cert ain) knowledge, t hey follow not hing but conj ect ure. For surely; t hey killed him not .) (158. But Allah raised him up unt o Himself. And Allah is Ever All-Powerful, AllWise.) (159. And t here is none of t he People of t he Script ure, but must believe in him, before his deat h. And on t he Day of Resurrect ion, he will be a wit ness against t hem.)

The Crimes of the Jews The sins ment ioned here are among t he many sins t hat t he Jews commit t ed, which caused t hem t o be cursed and removed far away from right guidance. The Jews broke t he promises and vows t hat Allah t ook from t hem, and also rej ect ed Allah's Ayat , meaning His signs and proofs, and t he miracles t hat t hey wit nessed at t he hands of t heir Prophet s. Allah said,

びペ ｙェ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠Βら͡ ∇ルｘΙや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ヤ͡∇わホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t heir killing t he Prophet s unj ust ly,) because t heir many crimes and offenses against t he Prophet s of Allah, for t hey killed many Prophet s, may Allah's peace be upon t hem Their saying:

び∀ブ∇ヤビ ⊥ ゅ∠レよ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ぴ ("Our heart s are Ghulf,'') meaning, wrapped wit h covering, according t o Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Ikrimah, As-Suddi and Qat adah. This is similar t o t he what t he idolat ors said,

びヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ る∃ レｚ ミ͡ ぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レよ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey say: "Our heart s are under coverings (screened) from t hat t o which you invit e us.'') Allah said,

び∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ノ∠ ら∠ デ ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (nay, Allah has set a seal upon t heir heart s because of t heir disbelief,) It is as if t hey had given an excuse t hat t heir heart s do not underst and what t he Prophet says since t heir heart s are wrapped wit h coverings, so t hey claim. Allah said t hat t heir heart s are sealed because of t heir disbelief, as we ment ioned before in t he explanat ion of Surat Al-Baqarah. Allah t hen said,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so t hey believe not but a lit t le.) for t heir heart s became accust omed t o Kufr, t ransgression and weak fait h.

The Evil Accusation the Jews Uttered Against Maryam and Their Claim that They Killed ` Isa Allah said,

び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠わ∇ヰよ⊥ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ よ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And because of t heir (Jews) disbelief and ut t ering against Maryam a grave false charge.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas st at ed t hat t he Jews accused Maryam of fornicat ion.This is also t he saying of As-Suddi, Juwaybir, Muhammad bin Ishaq and several ot hers. This meaning is also apparent in t he Ayah, as t he Jews accused Maryam and her son of grave accusat ions: They accused her of fornicat ion and claimed t hat ` Isa was an illegit imat e son. Some of t hem even

claimed t hat she was menst ruat ing while fornicat ing. May Allah's cont inued curse be upon t hem unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. The Jews also said,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ウ ∠ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ゅｚル͡まぴ ("We killed Al-Masih, ` Isa, son of Maryam, t he Messenger of Allah,'') meaning, we killed t he person who claimed t o be t he Messenger of Allah. The Jews only ut t ered t hese words in j est and mockery, j ust as t he polyt heist s said,

び∀ラヲ⊥レ∇イヨ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ミあグャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴあ ル⊥ ン͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O you t o whom t he Dhikr (t he Qur'an) has been sent down! Verily, you are a mad man!) When Allah sent ` Isa wit h proofs and guidance, t he Jews, may Allah's curses, anger, t orment and punishment be upon t hem, envied him because of his prophet hood and obvious miracles; curing t he blind and leprous and bringing t he dead back t o life, by Allah's leave. He also used t o make t he shape of a bird from clay and blow in it , and it became a bird by Allah's leave and flew. ` Isa performed ot her miracles t hat Allah honored him wit h, yet t he Jews defied and bellied him and t ried t heir best t o harm him. Allah's Prophet ` Isa could not live in any one cit y for long and he had t o t ravel oft en wit h his mot her, peace be upon t hem. Even so, t he Jews were not sat isfied, and t hey went t o t he king of Damascus at t hat t ime, a Greek polyt heist who worshipped t he st ars. They t old him t hat t here was a man in Bayt Al-Maqdis misguiding and dividing t he people in Jerusalem and st irring unrest among t he king's subj ect s. The king became angry and wrot e t o his deput y in Jerusalem t o arrest t he rebel leader, st op him from causing unrest , crucify him and make him wear a crown of t horns. When t he king's deput y in Jerusalem received t hese orders, he went wit h some Jews t o t he house t hat ` Isa was residing in, and he was t hen wit h t welve, t hirt een or sevent een of his companions. That day was a Friday, in t he evening. They surrounded ` Isa in t he house, and when he felt t hat t hey would soon ent er t he house or t hat he would sooner or lat er have t o leave it , he said t o his companions, "Who volunt eers t o be made t o look like me, for which he will be my companion in Paradise'' A young man volunt eered, but ` Isa t hought t hat he was t oo young. He asked t he quest ion a second and t hird t ime, each t ime t he young man volunt eering, prompt ing ` Isa t o say, "Well t hen, you will be t hat man.'' Allah made t he young man look exact ly like ` Isa, while a hole opened in t he roof of t he house, and ` Isa was made t o sleep and ascended t o heaven while asleep. Allah said,

びヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ マ ∠ バ⊥ プ͡ や∠ケヱ∠ マ ∠ Βあプヲ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ヶあルま͡ ヴ∠ジΒ͡バΑ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ (And (remember) when Allah said: "O ` Isa! I will t ake you and raise you t o Myself.'') When ` Isa ascended, t hose who were in t he house came out . When t hose surrounding t he house saw t he man who looked like ` Isa, t hey t hought t hat he was ` Isa. So t hey t ook him at night , crucified him and placed a crown of t horns on his head. The Jews t hen boast ed t hat t hey killed ` Isa and some Christ ians accept ed t heir false claim, due t o t heir ignorance and lack of reason. As for t hose who were in t he house wit h ` Isa, t hey wit nessed his ascension t o heaven, while t he rest t hought t hat t he Jews killed ` Isa by crucifixion. They even said t hat Maryam sat under t he corpse of t he crucified man and cried, and t hey say t hat t he dead man spoke t o her. All t his was a t est from Allah for His servant s out of His wisdom. Allah explained t his mat t er in t he Glorious Qur'an which He sent t o His honorable Messenger, whom He support ed wit h miracles and clear, unequivocal evidence. Allah is t he Most Trut hful, and He is t he Lord of t he worlds

Who knows t he secret s, what t he heart s conceal, t he hidden mat t ers in heaven and eart h, what has occurred, what will occur, and what would occur if it was decreed. He said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ∠ らあ セ ⊥ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥らヤ∠タ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (but t hey killed him not , nor crucified him, but it appeared as t hat t o t hem,) referring t o t he person whom t he Jews t hought was ` Isa. This is why Allah said aft erwards,

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ マ ｙセ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びリ あヌ ｚ ャや ネ ∠ ゅ∠らゎあ や Ι ｚ ま͡ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ (and t hose who differ t herein are full of doubt s. They have no (cert ain) knowledge, t hey follow not hing but conj ect ure.) referring t o t he Jews who claimed t o kill ` Isa and t he ignorant Christ ians who believed t hem. Indeed t hey are all in confusion, misguidance and bewilderment . This is why Allah said,

びゅ⇔レΒ͡ボΑ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (For surely; t hey killed him not .) meaning t hey are not sure t hat ` Isa was t he one whom t hey killed. Rat her, t hey are in doubt and confusion over t his mat t er.

びや⇔ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ⊥ バ∠ プ∠ ケｚ モ∠よぴ (But Allah raised him up unt o Himself. And Allah is Ever All-Powerful,) meaning, He is t he Almight y, and He is never weak, nor will t hose who seek refuge in Him ever be subj ect ed t o disgrace,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ぴ (All-Wise.) in all t hat He decides and ordains for His creat ures. Indeed, Allah's is t he clearest wisdom, unequivocal proof and t he most glorious aut horit y. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Just before Allah raised ` Isa t o t he heavens, ` Isa went t o his companions, who were t welve inside t he house. When he arrived, his hair was dripping wat er and he said, ` There are t hose among you who will disbelieve in me t welve t imes aft er he had believed in me.' He t hen asked, ` Who volunt eers t hat his image appear as mine, and be killed in my place. He will be wit h me (in Paradise)' One of t he youngest ones among t hem volunt eered and ` Isa asked him t o sit down. ` Isa again asked for a volunt eer, and t he young man kept volunt eering and ` Isa asking him t o sit down. Then t he young man volunt eered again and ` Isa said, ` You will be t hat man,' and t he resemblance of ` Isa was cast over t hat man while ` Isa ascended t o heaven from a hole in t he house. When t he Jews came looking for ` Isa, t hey found t hat young man and crucified him. Some of ` Isa's followers disbelieved in him t welve t imes aft er t hey had believed

in him. They t hen divided int o t hree groups. One group, Al-Ya` qubiyyah (Jacobit es), said, ` Allah remained wit h us as long as He willed and t hen ascended t o heaven.' Anot her group, AnNast uriyyah (Nest orians), said, ` The son of Allah was wit h us as long as he willed and Allah t ook him t o heaven.' Anot her group, Muslims, said, ` The servant and Messenger of Allah remained wit h us as long as Allah willed, and Allah t hen t ook him t o Him.' The t wo disbelieving groups cooperat ed against t he Muslim group and t hey killed t hem. Ever since t hat happened, Islam was t hen veiled unt il Allah sent Muhammad .'' This st at ement has an aut hent ic chain of narrat ion leading t o Ibn ` Abbas, and An-Nasa'i narrat ed it t hrough Abu Kurayb who report ed it from Abu Mu` awiyah. Many among t he Salaf st at ed t hat ` Isa asked if someone would volunt eer for his appearance t o be cast over him, and t hat he will be killed inst ead of ` Isa, for which he would be his companion in Paradise.

All Christians Will Believe in ` Isa Before He Dies Allah said,

ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ｚ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ (And t here is none of t he People of t he Script ure, but must believe in him, before his deat h. And on t he Day of Resurrect ion, he will be a wit ness against t hem.) Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed,

びヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ｚ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And t here is none of t he People of t he Script ure, but must believe in him, before his deat h.) before t he deat h of ` Isa, son of Maryam, peace be upon him. Al-` Awfi report ed similar from Ibn ` Abbas. Abu Malik comment ed;

びヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ｚ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (but must believe in him, before his deat h.) "This occurs aft er ` Isa ret urns and before he dies, as t hen, all of t he People of t he Script ures will believe in him.''

The Hadiths Regarding the Descent of ` Isa Just Before the Day of Judgement, and his Mission In t he chapt er about t he Prophet s in his Sahih, under, "The Descent of ` Isa, Son of Maryam,'' AlBukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

リ ⊥ ∇よや ユ⊥ ム⊥ Β͡プ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ リ ｚ ム∠ セ ͡ ヲ⊥Βャ∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» モ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ょΒ͡ヤダ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ムΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ャ∇ギハ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∠ム∠ェ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠ャ ヴｚわェ ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨャや ヂ ∠ Β͡ヘΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠るΑ∠ ∇ゴイ ͡ ∇ャや ノ∠ ツ ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ゲΑ͡ゴ∇レガ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ り⊥ ギ∠ ∇イｚジャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩∀ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠ら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ «ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや (By Him in Whose Hands my soul is, t he son of Maryam (` Isa) will short ly descend among you as a j ust ruler, and will break t he cross, kill t he pig and abolish t he Jizyah. Then t here will be an abundance of wealt h and nobody will accept charit able gift s any more. At t hat t ime, one prost rat ion will be bet t er for t hem t han t his life and all t hat is in it .) Abu Hurayrah t hen said, "Read if you will,

ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ｚ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ (And t here is none of t he People of t he Script ure, but must believe in him, before his deat h. And on t he Day of Resurrect ion, he will be a wit ness against t hem.)'' Muslim recorded t his Hadit h. So, Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ぴ (before his deat h) refers t o t he deat h of ` Isa, son of Maryam.

Another Hadith by Abu Hurayrah Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩͡りゲ∠ ∇ヨバ⊥ ∇ャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ア あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ￢͡ ゅ∠ェ∇ヱゲｚ ャや ア あ ヘ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ リ ｚ ヤｚ͡ヰΒ⊥ ∠ャ» «ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レｚ Β∠ レ͡ ∇んΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ (` Isa will say Ihlal from t he mount ain highway of Ar-Rawha' for Haj j , ` Umrah or bot h.) Muslim also recorded it . Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,

ヲ⊥エ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ゲΑ͡ゴ∇レガ ͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ボΒ∠ プ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ メ ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇レΑ∠ » ヴｚわェ ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ヴ∠ト∇バΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩⊥りゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∠ょΒ͡ヤダ ｚ ャや ア ぁエ ⊥ Β∠ プ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ェ∇ヱゲｚ ャや メ ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ァや∠ゲガ ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ツ ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠モら∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ «ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ バ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ヨ͡ わ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ (` Isa, son of Maryam, will descend and will kill t he pig, break t he cross, lead t he prayer in congregat ion and give away wealt h unt il it is no longer accept ed by anyone. He will also abolish t he Jizyah and go t o Ar-Rawha' from where he will go t o perform Haj j , ` Umrah or bot h.) Abu Hurayrah t hen recit ed,

びヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ｚ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And t here is none of t he People of t he Script ure, but must believe in him, before his deat h.) Hanzalah said, "Abu Hurayrah added, ` Will believe in ` Isa before ` Isa dies,' but I do not know if t his was a part of t he Prophet 's Hadit h or if it was somet hing t hat Abu Hurayrah said on his own. '' Ibn Abi Hat im also recorded t his Hadit h.

Another Hadith Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ Β͡プ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ » «ユ⊥ム∇レョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ョ⊥ ゅ∠ョま͡ヱ∠ (How will you be when Al-Masih, son of Maryam (` Isa) descends among you while your Imam is from among yourselves) Imam Ahmad and Muslim also recorded t his Hadit h.

Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,

∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ Α͡キヱ∠ ∩ヴｚわセ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ ∩∃れゅｚヤバ∠ ャ͡ り∀ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ ￢⊥ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや» ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ャ͡ ∩∠ユΑ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ͡ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡バよ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ ∩∀ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ

ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∀メ͡コゅ∠ル ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡レ∇Βよ∠ ヶ ｘ ら͡ ル∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∩͡チゅ∠Βら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇ヨエ ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ネ ∀ ヲ⊥よ∇ゲョ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ :ロ⊥ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ゲト ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ヮ⊥ シ ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ラ ｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∩͡ラや∠ゲダ ｚ ヨ∠ ョ⊥ ラ ͡ ゅ∠よ∇ヲを∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∩∠ゲΑ͡ゴ∇レガ ͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ょΒ͡ヤダ ｚ ャや ベ ぁ ギ⊥ Β∠ プ∠ ∩∀モヤ∠よ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇らダ ͡ Α⊥ ∩͡ュゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ サ ∠ ゅレｚ ャや ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠るΑ∠ ∇ゴイ ͡ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ツ ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ュゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰヤｚミ⊥ モ ∠ ヤ∠ヨ͡ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠ョコ∠ ヶ͡プ ぶ ⊥ や マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヰΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ノ⊥ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ユｚ を⊥ ∩∠メゅｚィギｚ ャや ウ ∠ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠ョコ∠ ヶ͡プ ぶ ⊥ や マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヰΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡モよ͡ み͡∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥シほ⊥∇ャや ノ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ョ∠ ほ∠∇ャや ょ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ユレ∠ ピ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠もグあ ャや∠ヱ ∩͡ゲ∠ボら∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヨレあ ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ゑ ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヨΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユワ⊥ ゲぁ ツ ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ れ ͡ ゅｚΒエ ∠ ャゅ͡よ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠Β∇らダ あ ャや «ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヶあヤダ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ヴｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α⊥ ｚユを⊥ る⇔ レ∠ シ ∠ (The Prophet s are pat ernal brot hers; t heir mot hers are different , but t heir religion is one. I, more t han any of mankind, have more right t o ` Isa, son of Maryam, for t here was no Prophet bet ween him and I. He will descend, and if you see him, know him. He is a well-built man, (t he color of his skin) bet ween red and whit e. He will descend while wearing t wo long, light yellow garment s. His head appears t o be dripping wat er, even t hough no moist ure t ouched it . He will break t he cross, kill t he pig, and banish t he Jizyah and will call t he people t o Islam. During his t ime, Allah will dest roy all religions except Islam and Allah will dest roy Al-Masih Ad-Daj j al (t he False Messiah). Safet y will t hen fill t he eart h, so much so t hat t he lions will mingle wit h camels, t igers wit h cat t le and wolves wit h sheep. Children will play wit h snakes, and t hey will not harm t hem. ` Isa will remain for fort y years and t hen will die, and Muslims will offer t he funeral prayer for him.) Abu Dawud also recorded it .

Another Hadith In his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah relat ed t o t he Messenger of Allah t hat he said,

ヱ∠ ぺ∠ ベ ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ハほ∠∇ャゅ͡よ ュ⊥ ヱぁゲャや メ ∠ ゴ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» ケ͡ ゅ∠Βカ ͡ ∇リョ͡ る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∀ズ∇Β∠ィ ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ペよ͡ や∠ギよ͡ :ュ⊥ ヱぁゲャや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホ ∩やヲぁプゅ∠ダゎ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∃グゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ボル⊥ ゅｚレ͡ョ や∇ヲら∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ やヲぁヤカ ∠ ∩ゅ∠レル͡ や∠ヲ∇カま͡ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヶあヤガ ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∩͡ぶや∠ヱ ゅ∠ャ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∀ゑヤ⊥を⊥ (ュ⊥ ゴ͡ ヰ∠ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ ) ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ウ ⊥ わわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶや ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ￢͡ や∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや モ ⊥ツ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ん⊥ ヤ⊥を⊥ モ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ∩∠るΒｚ レ͡ Β͡ト∇レト ⊥ ∇ジホ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エわ͡ わ∠ ∇ヘΒ∠ プ∠ ∩や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レわ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ゑ ⊥ ヤ⊥ｚんャや ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ヲ⊥Βシ ⊥ やヲ⊥ボヤｚハ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ユ∠ も͡ ゅ∠レピ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨジ ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Βら∠ プ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ウ ∠ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ :ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ Β͡プ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠タ ∇クま͡ ∩͡ラヲ⊥わ∇Αゴｚ ャゅ͡よ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∀モデ ͡ ゅ∠よ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ∩ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ Β͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ヘ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ヤャ͡ ∠ラヱぁギ͡バΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Βら∠ プ∠ ∩∠ァゲ∠ カ ∠ ュ∠ ゅｚゼャや やヱ⊥￢ゅ∠ィ メ ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ろ ͡ ヨ∠Βホ͡ ぺ⊥ ∇クま͡ ∩∠フヲ⊥ヘダ ぁ ャや ラ ∠ ヱぁヲジ ∠ Α⊥ ゆ ∠ や∠ク ∩͡ぶや ぁヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ロ⊥ へ∠ケ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ョｚ ほ∠プ∠ ∩∠ユΑ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ゆ ∠ や∠グ∇ルゅ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ミ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ウ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ͡ ∇ャや ゆ ⊥ ヱ⊥グΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ョ∠ キ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ゲΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥わ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ ∩∠マヤ͡∇ヰΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ «ヮ͡わよ∠ ∇ゲェ ∠ (The (Last ) Hour will not st art unt il t he Romans occupy Al-A` maq or Dabiq. An army, comprised of t he best of t he people of t he eart h t hen, will come from Al-Madinah and challenge t hem. When t hey camp face t o face, t he Romans will say, ` Let us fight t hose who capt ured some of us.' The Muslims will say, ` Nay! By Allah, we will never let you get t o our brot hers.' They will

fight t hem. A t hird of t he (Muslim) army will flee in defeat , and t hose are t he ones whom Allah will never forgive. Anot her t hird will be killed, and t hose are t he best mart yrs before Allah. The last t hird will be vict orious, and t his t hird will never be st ricken wit h Fit nah, and t hey will capt ure Const ant inople (Ist anbul). While t hey are dividing war boot y, aft er hanging t heir swords on olive t rees, Shayt an will shout among t hem, saying, ` Al-Masih (Ad-Daj j al) has cornered your people'. They will leave t o meet Ad-Daj j al in Ash-Sham. This will be a false warning, and when t hey reach Ash-Sham, Ad-Daj j al will t hen appear. When t he Muslims are arranging t heir lines for bat t le and t he prayer is called for, ` Isa, son of Maryam, will descend and lead t hem in prayer. When t he enemy of Allah (t he False Messiah) sees him, he will dissolve j ust as salt dissolves in wat er, and if any of him were left , he would cont inue dissolving unt il he died. Allah will kill him wit h t he hand of ` Isa and will show t he Muslims his blood on his spear.) Muslim recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

:ゲ⊥ イ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヴ∠わェ ∠ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ヤ⊥わ⊥ ∇ボわ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ キ∠ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ｚリヤ⊥ゎ͡ ゅ∠ボわ⊥ ャ∠» «ヮ∇ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プ メゅ∠バわ∠ プ∠ ヵ ｘ キ͡ ヲ⊥ヰΑ∠ や∠グワ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅ∠Α (You will fight t he Jews and will kill t hem, unt il t he st one will say, ` O Muslim! There is a Jew here, so come and kill him.') Muslim recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩∠キヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ͡ヤ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» ∇リョ͡ ヵ ぁ キ͡ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ ヴ͡らわ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤ⊥わ⊥ ∇ボΒ∠ プ∠ :ゲ⊥ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ イ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ゲイ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ イ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや ￢͡ や∠ケヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プ メ ∠ ゅ∠バわ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡ヘ∇ヤカ ∠ ヵ ｘ キ͡ ヲ⊥ヰΑ∠ や∠グワ∠ ぶ ͡ や∠ギ∇らハ ∠ ゅ∠Α ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅ∠Α «キヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャや ゲ͡ イ ∠セ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ギ∠ ホ∠ ∇ゲピ∠ ∇ャや ゅｚャま͡ (The Hour will not st art , unt il aft er t he Muslims fight t he Jews and t he Muslims kill t hem. The Jew will hide behind a st one or t ree, and t he t ree will say, ` O Muslim! O servant of Allah! This is a Jew behind me, come and kill him.' Except Al-Gharqad, for it is a t ree of t he Jews.) Muslim bin Al-Haj j aj recorded in his Sahih t hat An-Nawwas bin Sam` an said, "The Messenger of Allah , ment ioned Ad-Daj j al one day and kept belit t ling him (because being blind, yet claiming t o be Allah) and speaking in grave t erms about him unt il we t hought t hat he was hiding in gardens of dat e-t rees (in Al-Madinah). When we went by t he Messenger, he sensed t his anxiet y in us and said,

«∨∇ユム⊥ ル⊥ ∇ほセ ∠ ゅ∠ョ»

(What is t he mat t er wit h you) We said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Earlier, you ment ioned Ad-Daj j al and while belit t ling him you spoke gravely about him unt il we t hought t hat he was hiding in gardens of dat e-t rees (of Al-Madinah).' He said,

ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ ∇ラま͡ ∩∇ユム⊥ Β∠ヤハ ∠ ヶ͡レプ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ メ ͡ ゅｚィギｚ ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠» ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ろ ⊥ ∇ジャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥キ ヮ⊥ イ ⊥ Β͡イェ ∠ ゅ∠ルほ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ .ユ∃ ヤ∇ジョ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヴヤ∠ハ ヶ͡わヘ∠ Β͡ヤカ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やヱ ∩͡ヮ͡ジ∇ヘ∠ル ア ⊥ Β͡イェ ∠ ∀ぼゲ⊥ ∇ョゅ∠プ ヮ⊥ ヰ⊥ あらセ ∠ ぺ⊥ ヶあルほ∠ミ∠ ∀るΒ͡プゅデ ヮ⊥ レ⊥ Β∠ハ ∩∀テト ∠ ホ∠ ゆ ｘ ゅ∠セ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ぺ∠ゲ∇ボΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ミ∠ ケ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∩∃リト ∠ ホ∠ リ ͡ ∇よ ンｚゴバ⊥ ャや͡ギ∇らバ∠ よ͡ る∃ ヤｚカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀ァ͡ケゅ∠カ ヮｚルま͡ ∩͡ブ∇ヰム∠ ∇ャや り͡ ケ∠ ヲ⊥シ ウ ∠ ゎ͡ や∠ヲプ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ャゅ∠ヨセ ͡ ゐ ∠ ゅ∠ハヱ∠ ゅ⇔レΒ͡ヨΑ∠ ゐ ∠ ゅ∠バプ∠ ∩͡ベや∠ゲバ͡ ャやヱ ュ͡ ゅｚゼャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ «やヲわ⊥ら∇をゅ∠プ ぶ ͡ や キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅ∠Α (I fear ot her t han Ad-Daj j al for you! If he appears while I am st ill among you, I will be his adversary on your behalf. If he appears while I am not among you, each one will depend on himself and Allah will be t he Helper of every Muslim aft er me. He is young, wit h very curly hair and his eye is smashed. I t hought t hat he looked like ` Abdul-` Uzza bin Qat an. Whoever lives long and meet s Ad-Daj j al, t hen let him recit e t he beginnings of Surat Al-Kahf. He will appear on a pass bet ween Ash-Sham (Syria) and Al-` Iraq. He will wreak havoc t o t he right and left . O Servant s of Allah! Hold fast .) We said, ` O Messenger of Allah! How long will he st ay on eart h' He said,

ュ∀ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∃ゲ∇ヰゼ ∠ ミ∠ ュ∀ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∃るレ∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ∀ュヲ∠Α ∩ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠» «ユ⊥ムョ͡ ゅｚΑほ∠ミ∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ゲ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠シヱ∠ ∩∃るバ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ミ∠ (Fort y days: One day as long as a year, one day as long as a mont h and one day as long as a week. The rest of his days will be as long as one of your ordinary days.) We said, ` O Messenger of Allah! As for t he day t hat is like a year, will t he prayers of one day suffice for it ' He said,

«ロ∠ケ∇ギ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ やヱ⊥ケギ⊥ ∇ホや ∩ゅ∠ャ»

(No. Count for it s due measure.) We said, ` O Messenger of Allah, how will his speed be on eart h' He said,

ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ヶ͡ゎ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ウ ⊥ Αあゲャや ヮ⊥ ∇ゎゲ∠ よ∠ ∇ギわ∠ ∇シや ゑ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ∠ミ» ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ろら͡ ∇レわ⊥ プ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΕ ∠ や∠ヱ ∩⊥ゲト ͡ ∇ヨわ⊥ プ∠ ∠￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ピ∠ ら∠ ∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ン⇔ケク⊥ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ メ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ェ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠シ ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠ゲタ ͡ や∠ヲカ ∠ ロ⊥ ギｚ ョ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ハヱ⊥ゲッ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ フ ⊥ ゲ͡ ダ ∠ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠∇ヲホ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁキゲ⊥ Β∠ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΒ∠ プ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀￢∇ヶ∠セ ∇ユ͡ヰΑ͡ギ∇Α∠ほ͡よ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヤエ ͡ ∇ヨョ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エら͡ ∇ダΒ⊥ プ∠ ヶ͡ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ :ゅ∠ヰャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ る͡ よ∠ ゲ͡ ガ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゲぁ ヨ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡モ∇エレｚ ャや ょ ͡ Β͡シゅ∠バΒ∠ミ ゅ∠ワコ⊥ ヲ⊥レミ⊥ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ ら∠ ∇わわ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ポコ∠ ヲ⊥レミ⊥ ∩͡ブ∇Βジ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツΒ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔よゅ∠らセ ∠ ゅ⇔ゃヤ͡わ∠ ∇ヨョ⊥ ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α モ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩⊥ロヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡チゲ∠ ピ∠ ∇ャや る∠ Β∠ ∇ョケ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ャ∠∇ゴィ ͡ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∇クま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅヨ∠レ∇Βら∠ プ∠ ∩⊥マ∠エ∇ツ∠Α∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ モ ⊥ ヤｚヰ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ メ ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ウ∠Βジ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ぶ ⊥ やゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ペ ∠ ∇ゼョ∠ キ͡ ヶ ｚ ホ͡ ∇ゲセ ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ツ∇Βら∠ ャや り͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠レヨ∠ ャや ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ や∠クま͡ ∩͡リ∇Βム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ る͡ エ ∠ レ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヘｚ ミ∠ ゅ⇔バッ ͡ や∠ヱ ∩͡リ∇Βゎ∠ キ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ∇ヰョ∠ ∀ラゅ∠ヨィ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ケ∠ ギｚ エ ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ や∠クま∠ヱ∩∠ゲト ∠ ホ∠ ヮ⊥ シ ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ほ∠デ ∠ ∇ほデ ∠ ∩∠れゅ∠ョ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ∠ ル∠ ウ ∠ Α͡ケ ギ⊥ イ ͡ Α∠ ゲ∃ プ͡ ゅ∠ムャ͡ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩͡ぽャ⊥∇ぽヤぁャゅ∠ミ

ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ヤ⊥∇トΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮプ⊥ ゲ∠ デ ∠ ヶ͡ヰわ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ヶ͡ヰわ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ヶ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥ヮヤ⊥わ⊥ ∇ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ギャ⊥ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠らよ͡ ヮ⊥ ミ∠ ケ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ∇リハ ∠ ウ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ヨΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∇レョ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ∠ ダ ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Βら∠ プ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ィケ∠ ギ∠ よ ∇ユヰ⊥ を⊥ あギエ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ :ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ヴ∠ャま͡ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヴ∠ェ∇ヱ∠ぺ ∇クま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∩∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠わボ͡ よ͡ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ ラ ͡ や∠ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ヶ͡ャ や⇔キゅ∠らハ ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヶあルま͡ ァ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほΑ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ヱ ∩͡ケヲぁトャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇コゲあ エ ∠ プ∠ ゲぁ ヨ⊥ Β∠ プ∠ ∩∠ラヲ⊥ヤジ ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ゆ ∃ ギ∠ ェ ∠ あモミ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∠ァヲ⊥ィ∇ほ∠ョ∠ヱ ∩ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ゼΒ∠ プ∠ る∠ Αｚ ゲ͡ ら∠ デ ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βエ ∠ よ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ｚヱぺ∠ ∩∀￢ゅョ∠ り⇔ ゲｚ ョ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ヰ͡よ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠プ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ カ ͡ へ ゲぁ ヨ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩⊥ヮよ⊥ ゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ぶ ͡ やヶ ぁ ら͡ ル∠ ゲ⊥ ダ ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ ヱ ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ ケ∃ ゅ∠レΑ͡キ る͡ も∠ ゅ͡ョ ∇リョ͡ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ ͡ケヲｚんャや サ ⊥ ∇ぺケ∠ ∩⊥ヮよ⊥ ゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ぶ ͡ や ヶ ぁ ら͡ ル∠ ょ ⊥ ビ ∠ ∇ゲΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ュ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エら͡ ∇ダΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠ホケ͡ ヶ͡プ ブ ∠ ピ∠ レｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やモ ⊥シ ͡ ゲ⊥Βプ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヶ ぁ ら͡ ル∠ テ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩∃りギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ミ∠ ヴ∠シ∇ゲプ∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ ゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ∇わル∠ ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ワ∠ コ∠ ロ⊥ ほ∠ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゲ∃ ∇らセ ͡ ノ∠ ッ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ∩͡ぶや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ ゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ぶ ͡ や ヶ ぁ ら͡ ル∠ ょ ⊥ ビ ∠ ∇ゲΒ∠ プ∠

∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ͡ ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ろ∇ガら⊥ ∇ャや ベ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ハほ∠ミ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βデ ∠ ∩⊥ぶや モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΒ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠ャ や⇔ゲ∠ト∠ョ ぶ ⊥ やモ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥ぶや ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ゑ ∠ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ェ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇トわ∠ プ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや モ ⊥ジ ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∃ゲよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∃ケギ∠ ョ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βよ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ぁリム⊥ Α∠ ヶ͡ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ :チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ヤャ͡ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡るヘ∠ ャ∠ゴｚ ャゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヰミ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇わΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ る⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠ダバ͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡マ∠わ∠ミ∠ゲ∠よ ヵあキケ⊥ ヱ∠ ポ ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ を∠ ヶ͡プ ぶ ⊥ や ポ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠らΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰヘ͡ ∇エボ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲぁヤヌ ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡るル∠ ゅｚョゲぁ ャや ∩∠ュゅ∠ゃヘ͡ ャや ヶ͡ヘ∇ムわ∠ ャ∠ モ ͡ よ͡ み͡∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ る∠ エ ∠ ∇ボヤあャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ モ ͡ ∇シゲあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ グ∠ ガ ͡ ヘ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡ヘ∇ムわ∠ ャ∠ ユ͡ ヘ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ボヤぁャや∠ヱ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ) ∩⇔るら∠ Βあ デ ∠ ゅ⇔エΑ͡ケ ぶ ⊥ やゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ ∇クま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅヨ∠レ∇Βら∠ プ∠ ∩(サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∃ ョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ あモミ⊥ ゥ ∠ ヱ⊥ケ ヂ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ボわ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ デ ͡ ゅ∠よへ ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほわ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィケ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ Α∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ケ⊥ や∠ゲセ ͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ら∠Α∠ヱ ∩∃ユヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヱ∠ «る∠ハゅｚジャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ゲヨ⊥ エ ⊥ ∇ャや ァ ∠ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰゎ∠ (Like t he st orm when driven by t he wind. He will come t o a people and will call t hem (t o his worship), and t hey will believe in him and accept his call. He will order t he sky and it will rain, t he land and it will grow (veget at ion). Their cat t le will ret urn t o t hem wit h t heir hair t he longest , t heir udders t he fullest (wit h milk) and t heir st omachs t he fat t est . He will come t o a different people and will call t hem (t o his worship), and t hey will rej ect his call. He will t hen leave t hem. They will wake up in t he morning dest it ut e, missing all of t heir possessions. He will pass by a desert ed land and will say t o it , ` Bring out your t reasures', and it s t reasures will follow him j ust like swarms of bees. He will summon a man full of yout h and will st rike him wit h t he sword once and will cut him int o t wo pieces (and will separat e bet ween t hem like) t he dist ance (bet ween t he hunt er and) t he game. He will call t he dead man and he will come, and his face will radiant wit h pleasure and laught er. Aft erwards (while all t his is happening wit h Ad-Daj j al), Allah will send Al-Masih (` Isa), son of Maryam down. He will descend close t o t he whit e minaret t o t he east of Damascus. He will be wearing garment s light ly colored wit h saffron and his hands will be placed on t he wings of t wo angels. Whenever he lowers his head droplet s fall. Whenever he raises his head, precious st ones t hat look like pearls fall. No disbeliever can survive ` Isa's breat h, which reaches t he dist ance of his sight . He will pursue AdDaj j al and will follow him t o t he doors of (t he Palest inian cit y of) Ludd where he will kill him. A group of people who, by Allah's help, resist ed and survived Ad-Daj j al, will pass by ` Isa and he

will anoint t heir faces and inform t hem about t heir grades in Paradise. Short ly aft erwards, while t his is happening wit h ` Isa, Allah will reveal t o him, ` I raised a people of My creat ion t hat no one can fight . Therefore, gat her My servant s t o At -Tur (t he mount ain of Musa in Sinai).' Then, Allah will raise Gog and Magog and t hey will swift ly swarm from every mound. Their front forces will reach Lake Tabariah (Sea of Galilee) and will drink all it s wat er. The last of t heir forces will say as t hey pass by t he lake, ` This lake once had wat er!' Meanwhile, ` Isa, Allah's Prophet , will be cornered along wit h his companions unt il t he head of a bull will be more precious t o t hem t han a hundred Dinars t o you t oday. ` Isa, Allah's Prophet , and his companions will invoke Allah for help and Allah will send An-Naghaf (a worm) int o t he necks of Gog and Magog! The morning will come, and t hey will all be dead as if it was t he deat h of one soul. Aft erwards, ` Isa, t he Prophet of Allah, will come down wit h his companions t o t he low grounds (from Mount At -Tur). They will find t hat no space of a hand-span on t he eart h was free of t heir fat and rot (rot t en corpses). ` Isa, t he Prophet of Allah, and his companions will seek Allah in supplicat ion. Allah will send birds as large as t he necks of camels. They will carry t hem (t he corpses of Gog and Magog) and will t hrow t hem wherever Allah wills. Aft erwards, Allah will send rain t hat no house made of mud or animal hair will be saved from, and it will cleanse t he eart h unt il it is as clean as a mirror. The eart h will be commanded (by Allah), ` Produce your fruit s and regain your blessing.' Then, t he group will eat from a pomegranat e and will t ake shelt er under t he shade of it s skin. Milk will be blessed, so much so t hat t he milk-producing camel will yield large amount s t hat suffice for a large group of people. Meanwhile, Allah will send a pure wind t hat will overcome Muslims from under t heir arms and will t ake t he soul of every believer and Muslim. Only t he evildoers among people will remain. They will indulge in shameless public sex like t hat of donkeys. On t hem, t he Hour will begin.) Imam Ahmad and t he collect ors of t he Sunan also recorded t his Hadit h. We will ment ion t his Hadit h again using t he chain of narrat ion collect ed by Ahmad explaining Allah's st at ement in Surat Al-Anbiya' (chapt er 21),

びァ ⊥ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほ∠ョ∠ヱ ァ ⊥ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ろエ ∠ わ͡ プ⊥ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (Unt il, when Ya` j uj and Ma` j uj (Gog and Magog people) are let loose (from t heir barrier).) In our t ime, in t he year seven hundred and fort y-one, a whit e minaret was built in t he Umayyad Masj id (in Damascus) made of st one, in place of t he minaret t hat was dest royed by a fire which t he Christ ians were suspect ed t o have st art ed. May Allah's cont inued curses descend on t he Christ ians unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. There is a st rong feeling t hat t his minaret is t he one t hat ` Isa will descend on, according t o t his Hadit h.

Another Hadith Muslim recorded in his Sahih t hat Ya` qub bin ` Asim bin ` Urwah bin Mas` ud At h-Thaqafi said, "I heard ` Abdullah bin ` Amr saying t o a man who asked him, ` What is t his Hadit h t hat you are narrat ing You claim t hat t he Hour will st art on such and such dat e.' He said, ` Subhan Allah (glory be t o Allah),' or he said, ` There is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah.' I almost decided t o never narrat e anyt hing t o anyone. I only said, "Soon, you will wit ness t remendous incident s, t he House (t he Ka` bah) will be dest royed by fire, and such and such t hings will occur.'' He t hen said, ` The Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ャ ∩∠リΒ͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ゑ ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヨΒ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ヶ͡プ メ ⊥ ゅｚィギｚ ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ » リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ヰセ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヵ͡ケ∇キぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ヴャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ハ ゑ ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥ヮム⊥ ヤ͡∇ヰΒ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ヤ⊥∇トΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∃キヲ⊥バ∇ジョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よ り⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ゲハ ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩∀りヱ∠ や∠ギハ ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇をや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レシ ͡ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ボ∇らΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩͡ュゅｚゼャや モ ͡ ら∠ ホ͡ ∇リョ͡ り⇔ キ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠よ ゅ⇔エΑケ ぶ ⊥ やモ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ∇リョ͡ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヶ͡プ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∇わツ ∠ ら∠ ホ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ «ヮ∠ツら͡ ∇ボゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ∇わヤ∠カ ∠ ギ∠ ャ∠ モ ∃ ら∠ ィ ∠ ギ͡ ら͡ ミ∠ ヶ͡プ モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ :

ュ͡ ゅ∠ヤ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βト ｚ ャや る͡ ヘｚ カ ͡ ヶ͡プ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ケ⊥ や∠ゲセ ͡ ヴ∠ボ∇らΒ∠ プ∠ » ∩やゲ⇔ ム∇レョ⊥ ラヱ⊥ゲム͡ ∇レΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔プヱ⊥ゲ∇バョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩͡ネゅ∠らジ あ ャや ∨∠ラヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ⊥ んｚ ヨ∠ わ∠Βプ∠ ∩͡ラゅ∠を∇ヱほ∠∇ャや り͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ∨ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ オ ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇Βハ ∠ リ ∀ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇コ͡ケ ケｘ や∠キ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヶ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ノ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔わΒ͡ャ ヴ∠ピ∇タぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ケ͡ ヲぁダャや ヶ͡プ チ ∠ ∇ヲェ ∠ ヅ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤΑ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ メ ⊥ ヱｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ∩ゅ⇔わΒ͡ャ モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥サゅｚレャや ペ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ダΒ∠ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩͡ヮヤ͡よ͡ ま͡

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ モ ぁト ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ や⇔ゲ∠ト∠ョ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇レΑ⊥ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ｚユを⊥ ∩͡サゅｚレャや キ⊥ ゅ∠ジ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ⊥ ら⊥ ∇レわ∠ プ∠ ポ ぁ ゅｚゼャや ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇バル⊥ モ ぁヌ あ ャや :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ .ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ∀ュゅ∠Β͡ホ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ オ ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠ Α⊥ «ユ⊥ムよあ ケ∠ ヴャ͡ま やヲぁヨヤ⊥ワ∠ :サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ (Ad-Daj j al will appear in my nat ion and will remain for fort y. (The narrat or doubt s whet her it is fort y days, mont hs, or years).Then, Allah will send down ` Isa, son of Maryam, looking j ust like ` Urwah bin Mas` ud and he will seek Ad-Daj j al and will kill him. People will remain for seven years wit h no enmit y bet ween any t wo. Allah will send a cool wind from As-Sham t hat will leave no man on t he face of t he eart h who has even t he weight of an at om of good or fait h, but will capt ure (his soul). Even if one of you t akes refuge in t he middle of a mount ain, it will find him and capt ure (his soul). Aft erwards, only t he most evil people will remain. They will be as light as birds, wit h t he comprehension of beast s. They will not know or enj oin right eousness or forbid or know evil. Shayt an will appear t o t hem and will say t o t hem, ` Would you follow me.' They will say, ` What do you command us' He will command t hem t o worship t he idols. Meanwhile, t heir provision will come t o t hem in abundance and t heir life will be good. Then t he Trumpet will be blown and every person who hears it , will lower one side of his head and raise t he ot her side (t rying t o hear t hat dist ant sound). The first man who will hear t he Trumpet is someone who is preparing t he wat er pool for his camels, and he and t he people will swoon away. Allah will send down heavy rain and t he bodies of people will grow wit h it . The Trumpet will be blown in again and t he people will be resurrect ed and looking all about , st aring. It will be said t o t hem, ` O people! Come t o your Lord,'

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ゃ∇ジョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘホ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (But st op t hem, verily, t hey are t o be quest ioned.)

∨ユミ リョ :メゅボΒプ ∩ケゅレャや ゑバよ やヲィゲカぺ :メゅボΑ ユを» ∩リΒバジゎヱ るバジゎヱ るもゅヨバジゎ ブャぺ モミ リョ :メゅボΒプ «ュヲΑ マャグプ :メゅホ (It will t hen be said, ` Bring fort h t he share of t he Fire.' It will be asked, ` How many' It will be said, ` From every one t housand, nine hundred and ninet y-nine.' That Day is when,)

びゅ⇔らΒ͡セ ラ ∠ ギ∠ ∇ャヲ͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ぴ

(t he children will t urn grey-headed,) and,

びベ ∃ ゅ∠シ リ∠ハ ブ ⊥ ゼ ∠ ∇ムΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day when t he Shin shall be laid bare).)''

The Description of ` Isa, upon him be Peace As ment ioned earlier, ` Abdur-Rahman bin Adam narrat ed t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,

ヴ∠ャま͡ ∀ネヲ⊥よ∇ゲ∠ョ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ :ロ⊥ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇ハゅ∠プ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ » ラ ｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∩͡ラや∠ゲダ ｚ ヨ∠ ョ⊥ ラ ͡ ゅよ∠ ∇ヲを∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∩͡チゅ∠Βら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ り∃ ゲ∠ ∇ヨエ ⊥ ∇ャや «モ∠ヤよ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇らダ ͡ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ト ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ヮ⊥ シ ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ (If you see ` Isa, know him. He is a well-built man, (t he color of his skin) bet ween red and whit e. He will descend while wearing light yellow garment s. His head looks like it is dripping wat er, even t hough no moist ure t ouched it .) In t he Hadit h t hat An-Nawwas bin Sam` an narrat ed,

リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ペ ∠ ∇ゼョ∠ キ͡ ヶ ｚ ホ͡ ∇ゲセ ∠ ͡￢ゅ∠ツ∇Β∠ら∇ャや り͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠レヨ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ メ ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ » や∠クま͡ ∩͡リ∇Βム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ る͡ エ ∠ レ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヘｚ ミ∠ ゅ⇔バッ ͡ や∠ヱ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ キ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ∇ヰョ∠ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ケ∠ ギｚ エ ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠プ∠ケ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩∠ゲト ∠ ホ∠ ヮ⊥ シ ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ほ∠デ ∠ ∇ほデ ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ∠ ル∠ ウ ∠ Α͡ケ ギ⊥ イ ͡ Α∠ ゲ∃ プ͡ ゅ∠ムャ͡ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩ぽ⊥ャ∇ぽヤぁャや ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヨィ ⊥ «ヮ⊥プゲ∠ デ ∠ ヶ͡ヰわ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ヶ͡ヰわ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠れゅ∠ョ (He will descend close t o t he whit e minaret t o t he east of Damascus. He will be wearing t wo garment s light ly colored wit h saffron, having his hands on t he wings of t wo angels. Whenever he lowers his head, drops will fall off of it . Whenever he raises his head, precious j ewels like pearls will fall off of it . No disbeliever can survive ` Isa's breat h, and his breat h reaches t he dist ance of his sight .) Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ろ ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠ ヶ͡よ ヵ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇シぺ⊥ る∠ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠» (I met Musa on t he night of my Ascension t o heaven.) The Prophet t hen described him saying, as I t hink,

メ ͡ ゅ∠ィケ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ サ ͡ ∇ぺゲｚ ャや モ ⊥ィ ͡ ケ∠ ∩∀ゆゲ͡ ト ∠ ∇ツョ⊥ » «り∠￢ヲ⊥レセ ∠ (He was a t all person wit h hair as if he was one of t he men from t he t ribe of Shanu'ah. ) The Prophet furt her said,

«ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ろ ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠ヱ» :

«サゅ∠ヨΑ͡キ ∇リョ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ る∀ バ∠ ∇よケ∠ » «ヮ͡よ ロ͡ ギ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ら∠ ∇セぺ∠ ゅル∠ぺヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ » (` I met ` Isa.' The Prophet described him saying, ` He was of moderat e height and was red-faced as if he had j ust come out of a bat hroom. I saw Ibrahim whom I resembled more t han any of his children did.') Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Muj ahid said t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ∩∠ユΒ͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ヱ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ » ュ⊥ キ∠ べ∠プ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ケ∇ギダ ｚ ャや ヂ ⊥ Α͡ゲハ ∠ ∀ギ∇バ∠ィ ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ «ヅぁゴャや メ ͡ ゅ∠ィケ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∩∀テ∇らシ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ジ∠ィ (I saw Musa, ` Isa and Ibrahim. ` Isa was of red complexion and had curly hair and a broad chest . Musa was of brown complexion and had st raight hair and a t all st at ure, as if he was from t he people of Az-Zut t .) Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t hat Ibrahim said t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said, "The Prophet once ment ioned t he False Messiah (Al-Masih Ad-Daj j al) t o people, saying,

メ ∠ ゅｚィギｚ ャや ウ ∠ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∩∠ケヲ∠ ∇ハほ∠よ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま» «る∠Βプ͡ ゅ∠デ る∀ ら∠ レ∠ ハ ͡ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βハ ∠ ラ ｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∩ヴ∠レ∇ヨΒ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャや ケ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ (Allah is not blind in His Eye. Al-Masih Ad-Daj j al is blind in his right eye. His eye is like a prot ruding grape.)'' Muslim recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ュゅ∠レヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ る͡ ら∠ ∇バム∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ヶ͡ルや∠ケぺ∠ヱ» ゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツゎ∠ ∩͡メゅ∠ィゲあ ャや ュ͡ ∇キぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ͡ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠ミ∠ ュ⊥ キ∠ へ ヮ⊥ シ ⊥ ∇ぺケ∠ ゲ⊥ ト ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ∩͡ゲ∇バゼ ｚ ャや モ ⊥ィ ͡ ケ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βら∠ ム͡ ∇レョ∠ リ∇Βよ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ｚヨャ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡リ∇Βヤ∠ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ∇ヶら∠ ム͡ ∇レョ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ ゅ⇔バッ ͡ や∠ヱ∩⇔￢ゅ∠ョ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ∨や∠グワ∠ ∇リョ∠ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ろ∇Βら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ フ ⊥ ヲ⊥トΑ∠ や⇔ギ∇バィ ∠ ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ ロ⊥ ￢∠ や∠ケヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠ユΑ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヮ͡ ら∠ ∇セほ∠ミ∠ ∩ヴ∠レ∇ヨΒ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャや ケ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∩ゅ⇔トト ͡ ホ∠ ∩∃モィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヶ∠らム͡ ∇レョ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ ゅバ⇔ ッ ͡ や∠ヱ ∩∃リト ∠ ホ∠ リ ͡ ∇よゅ͡よ ウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∨や∠グワ∠ ∇リョ∠ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ろ∇Βら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ フ ⊥ ヲ⊥トΑ∠ «メゅｚィギｚ ャや (In a dream, I was at t he Ka` bah and Allah made me see a light - colored man, a color t hat is as beaut iful as a light - colored man could be, wit h combed hair t hat reached his shoulders. His hair was dripping wat er, and he was leaning on t he shoulders of t wo men while circling t he Ka` bah. I asked, ` Who is t his man' I was t old, ` This is t he Al-Masih, son of Maryam.' Behind him, I saw a man wit h very curly hair who was blind in his right eye. He looked exact ly as Ibn Qat an, and he was leaning on t he shoulder of a man while circling t he House. I asked, ` Who is t his man' I was t old, ` He is Al-Masih Ad-Daj j al.') Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Salim said t hat his fat her said, "No, By Allah! The Prophet did not say t hat ` Isa was of red complexion but said,

ュ⊥ キ∠ へ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩͡るら∠ ∇バム∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ フ ⊥ ヲ⊥デぺ∠ ∀ユ͡もゅ∠ル ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ » ヮ⊥ シ ⊥ ∇ぺケ∠ ブ ⊥ ト ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ∩͡リ∇Βヤ∠ィ ⊥ ケ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ン∠キゅ∠ヰわ∠ Α∠ ∩͡ゲ∇バゼ ｚ ャや テ ⊥ ∇らシ ∠ :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ∨や∠グワ∠ ∇リョ∠ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ￢⇔ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ シ ⊥ ∇ぺケ∠ ベ ⊥ や∠ゲヰ∠ Α⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ￢⇔ ゅ∠ョ ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ろヘ͡ わ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇らワ∠ グ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ユΑ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ラ ｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∩ヴ∠レ∇ヨΒ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ レ͡ ∇Βハ ∠ ケ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∩͡サ∇やゲｚ ャや ギ⊥ ∇バィ ∠ ∩∀ユΒ͡ジィ ∠ ∩⊥メゅｚィギｚ ャや :ヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∨や∠グワ∠ ∇リョ∠ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∩∀るΒ∠ プ͡ ゅ∠デ る∀ ら∠ レ∠ ハ ͡ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βハ ∠ «リ∠トホ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ゅ⇔ヰら∠ セ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ (While I was asleep circumambulat ing t he Ka` bah (in my dream), I suddenly saw a man of brown complexion and ample hair walking bet ween t wo men wit h wat er dripping from his head. I asked, ` Who is t his' The people said, ` He is t he son of Maryam.' Then I looked behind and I saw a red-complexioned, fat , curly-haired man, blind in t he right eye, which looked like a bulging out grape. I asked, ` Who is t his' They replied, ` He is Ad-Daj j al.' The person he most resembled is Ibn Qat an.)'' Az-Zuhri comment ed t hat Ibn Qat an was a man from t he t ribe of Khuza` ah who died during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah. This is t he wording of Al-Bukhari. Allah's st at ement ,

びや⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And on t he Day of Resurrect ion, he (` Isa) will be a wit ness against t hem) Qat adah said, "He will bear wit ness before t hem t hat he has delivered t he Message from Allah and t hat he is but a servant of His.'' In a similar st at ement in t he end of Surat Al-Ma'idah,

ろ ∠ ヤ⊥ホ ろ ∠ ル∠￢ぺ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡バΑ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びサ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ (And (remember) when Allah will say (on t he Day of Resurrect ion): "O ` Isa, son of Maryam! Did you say unt o men...'') unt il,

びユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ャやぴ (Almight y, t he All-Wise.)

ろ ∃ ⇒∠らΒあ デ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲｚ ェ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョあ ユ∃ ∇ヤヌ ⊥ ら͡ プ∠ ぴ - や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇ユワ͡ ギあ ダ ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろヤｚェ ͡ ぺ⊥ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや メ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰル⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠よゲあ ャや ユ⊥ ワ͡ グ͡ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ガシ ͡ やｚゲャや リ ͡ ム͡ ⇒ｚャ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ Β∠ャま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや リ ∠ Β͡ヨΒ͡ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽレ⊥ シ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ び (160. For t he wrongdoing of t he Jews, We made unlawful for t hem cert ain good foods which had been lawful for t hem and for t heir hindering many from Allah's way;) (161. And t heir t aking of Riba t hough t hey were forbidden from t aking it , and t heir devouring men's subst ance wrongfully. And We have prepared for t he disbelievers among t hem a painful t orment .) (162. But t hose among t hem who are well-grounded in knowledge, and t he believers, believe in what has been sent down t o you and what was sent down before you; and t hose who perform t he Salah, and give Zakah and believe in Allah and in t he Last Day, it is t hey t o whom We shall give a great reward.)

Some Foods Were Made Unlawful for the Jews Because of their Injustice and Wrongdoing Allah st at es t hat because of t he inj ust ice and t ransgression of t he Jews, demonst rat ed by commit t ing maj or sins, He prohibit ed some of t he lawful, pure t hings which were previously allowed for t hem. This prohibit ion could be only t hat of decree, meaning t hat Allah allowed t he Jews t o falsely int erpret t heir Book and change and alt er t he informat ion about what was allowed for t hem. They t hus, out of exaggerat ion and ext remism in t he religion, prohibit ed some t hings for t hemselves. It could also mean t hat in t he Tawrah, Allah prohibit ed t hings t hat were allowed for t hem before. Allah said,

ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レら∠ ャあ Κ ６ ⇒͡ェ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ュ͡ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや ぁモミ⊥ ぴ びり⊥ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや メ ∠ ゴｚ レ∠ ゎ⊥ ラぺ∠ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ⊥ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡

(All food was lawful t o t he Children of Israel, except what Isra'il made unlawful for himself before t he Tawrah was revealed.) We ment ioned t his Ayah before, which means t hat all t ypes of food were allowed for t he Children of Israel before t he Tawrah was revealed, except t he camel's meat and milk t hat Isra'il prohibit ed for himself. Lat er, Allah prohibit ed many t hings in t he Tawrah. Allah said in Surat Al-An` am (chapt er 6),

リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ヘ⊥ ニ ⊥ ン͡ク ｚモミ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲｚ ェ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ ョ∠ ヲ⊥エセ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲｚ ェ ∠ ユ͡ レ∠ ピ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ボ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ユ∃ ∇ヌバ∠ よ͡ テ ∠ ヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや ゅ∠ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠Αや∠ヲエ ∠ ∇ャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ∠ ェ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホギ͡ ⇒∠ダャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ ∇ピら∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇Αゴ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ (And unt o t hose who are Jews, We forbade every (animal) wit h undivided hoof, and We forbade t hem t he fat of t he ox and t he sheep except what adheres t o t heir backs or t heir ent rails, or is mixed up wit h a bone. Thus We recompensed t hem for t heir rebellion. And verily, We are Trut hful.) This means, We prohibit ed t hese t hings for t hem because t hey deserved it due t o t heir t ransgression, inj ust ice, defying t heir Messenger and disput ing wit h him. So Allah said;

ろ ∃ ⇒∠らΒあ デ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲｚ ェ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョあ ユ∃ ∇ヤヌ ⊥ ら͡ プ∠ ぴ び や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇ユワ͡ ギあ ダ ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろヤｚェ ͡ ぺ⊥ (For t he wrongdoing of t he Jews, We made unlawful t o t hem cert ain good foods which had been lawful t o t hem, and for t heir hindering many from Allah's way.) This Ayah st at es t hat t hey hindered t hemselves and ot hers from following t he t rut h, and t his is t he behavior t hat t hey brought from t he past t o t he present . This is why t hey were and st ill are t he enemies of t he Messengers, killing many of t he Prophet s. They also denied Muhammad and ` Isa, peace be upon t hem. mAllah said,

びヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰル⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠よゲあ ャや ユ⊥ ワ͡ グ͡ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t heir t aking of Riba' t hough t hey were forbidden from t aking it ,) Allah prohibit ed t hem from t aking Riba', yet t hey did so using various kinds of t ricks, ploys and cons, t hus devouring people's propert y unj ust ly. Allah said,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have prepared for t he disbelievers among t hem a painful t orment . ) Allah t hen said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ガシ ͡ やｚゲャや リ ͡ ム͡ ⇒ｚャぴ (But t hose among t hem who are well-grounded in knowledge...) firm in t he religion and full of beneficial knowledge. We ment ioned t his subj ect when we explained Surah Al ` Imran (3). The Ayah;

び∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ョ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and t he believers...) refers t o t he well-grounded in knowledge;

びマ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ぴ (believe in what has been sent down t o you and what was sent down before you;) Ibn ` Abbas said, "This Ayah was revealed concerning ` Abdullah bin Salam, Tha` labah bin Sa` yah, Zayd bin Sa` yah and Asad bin ` Ubayd who embraced Islam and believed what Allah sent Muhammad wit h. Allah said,

びり∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ∠ラヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and give Zakah,) This could be referring t o t he obligat ory charit y due on one's wealt h and propert y, or t hose who purify t hemselves, or bot h. Allah knows best .

びゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ョ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and believe in Allah and in t he Last Day,) They believe t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah, believe in Resurrect ion aft er deat h and t he reward or punishment for t he good or evil deeds. Allah's st at ement ,

びマ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (It is t hey,) t hose whom t he Ayah described above,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽレ⊥ シ ∠ぴ (To whom We shall give a great reward.) means Paradise.

リ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや∠ヱ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヨミ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べｚル͡まぴ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シ∇まヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Β∠ェ∇ヱ∠ぺ∠ヱ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ザ ∠ ル⊥ ヲ⊥Αヱ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲぁΑぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハヱ∠ ヅ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇シΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ケヲ⊥よコ∠ ∠キヱ⊥ヱや∠キ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢∠ヱ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ∇ユャｚ Κ ⇔シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ダダ ∠ ホ∠ ∇ギホ∠ Κ ⇔シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ シ ⊥ ケぁ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤ∇ムゎ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ∠ ヤｚミ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ダダ ⊥ ∇ボル∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Κ ｚ ゃ∠ ャ͡ リ ∠ Α͡ケグ͡ レ⊥ョヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲゼ あ ら∠ ョぁ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ や⇔ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ モ ͡シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∀るイ ｚェ ⊥ (163. Verily, We have sent t he revelat ion t o you as We sent t he revelat ion t o Nuh and t he Prophet s aft er him; We (also) sent t he revelat ion t o Ibrahim, Isma` il, Ishaq, Ya` qub, and AlAsbat , (t he offspring of t he t welve sons of Ya` qub) ` Isa, Ayyub, Yunus, Harun, and Sulayman; and t o Dawud We gave t he Zabur.) (164. And Messengers We have ment ioned t o you before, and Messengers We have not ment ioned t o you, and t o Musa Allah spoke direct ly.) (165. Messengers as bearers of good news and warning, in order t hat mankind should have no plea against Allah aft er t he (coming of) Messengers. And Allah is Ever All-Powerful, All-Wise.)

Revelation Came to Prophet Muhammad , Just as it Came to the Prophets Before Him Muhammad bin Ishaq narrat ed t hat Muhammad bin Abi Muhammad said t hat ` Ikrimah, or Sa` id bin Jubayr, relat ed t o Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "Sukayn and ` Adi bin Zayd said, ` O Muhammad! We do not know t hat Allah sent down anyt hing t o any human aft er Musa.' Allah sent down a rebut t al of t heir st at ement ,

リ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや∠ヱ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヨミ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べｚル͡まぴ びロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ (Verily, We have inspired you (O Muhammad) as We inspired Nuh and t he Prophet s aft er him.)'' Allah st at es t hat He sent down revelat ion t o His servant and Messenger Muhammad j ust as He sent down revelat ion t o previous Prophet s. Allah said,

リ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや∠ヱ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヨミ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べｚル͡まぴ びロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ (Verily, We have inspired you (O Muhammad) as We inspired Nuh and t he Prophet s aft er him,) unt il,

びや⇔ケヲ⊥よコ∠ キ∠ ヱ⊥ヱや∠キ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢∠ヱぴ (...and t o Dawud We gave t he Zabur. ) The ` Zabur' (Psalms) is t he name of t he Book revealed t o Prophet Dawud, peace be upon him.

Twenty-Five Prophets Are Mentioned in the Qur'an Allah said,

∇ユャｚ Κ ⇔シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ダダ ∠ ホ∠ ∇ギホ∠ Κ ⇔シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びマ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ダダ ⊥ ∇ボル∠ (And Messengers We have ment ioned t o you before, and Messengers We have not ment ioned t o you) Before t he revelat ion of t his Ayah. The following are t he names of t he Prophet s whom Allah named in t he Qur'an. They are: Adam, Idris, Nuh (Noah), Hud, Salih, Ibrahim (Abraham), Lut , Isma` il (Ishmael), Ishaq (Isaac), Ya` qub (Jacob), Yusuf (Joesph), Ayyub (Job), Shu` ayb, Musa (Moses), Harun (Aaron), Yunus (Jonah), Dawud (David), Sulayman (Solomon), Ilyas (Elias), Al-Yasa` (Elisha), Zakariya (Zachariya), Yahya (John) and ` Isa (Jesus), and t heir leader, Muhammad . Several scholars of Tafsir also list ed Dhul-Kifl among t he Prophet s. Allah's st at ement ,

びマ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ダダ ⊥ ∇ボル∠ ∇ユャｚ Κ ⇔シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and Messengers We have not ment ioned t o you,) means, ` t here are ot her Prophet s whom We did not ment ion t o you in t he Qur'an.'

The Virtue of Musa Allah said,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤ∇ムゎ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ ヤｚミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t o Musa Allah spoke direct ly.) This is an honor t o Musa, and t his is why he is called t he Kalim, he whom Allah spoke t o direct ly. Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr bin Marduwyah recorded t hat ` Abdul-Jabbar bin ` Abdullah said, "A man came t o Abu Bakr bin ` Ayyash and said, ` I heard a man recit e (t his Ayah t his way): "and t o Allah, Musa spoke direct ly.'' Abu Bakr said, ` Only a disbeliever would recit e it like t his.' Al-A` mash recit ed it wit h Yahya bin Wit hab, who recit ed it wit h Abu ` Abdur-Rahman As-Sulami who recit ed it wit h ` Ali bin Abi Talib who recit ed wit h t he Messenger of Allah ,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤ∇ムゎ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ ヤｚミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t o Musa Allah spoke direct ly.)''' Abu Bakr bin Abi Ayyash was so angry wit h t he man who recit ed t he Ayah different ly, because he alt ered it s words and meanings. That person was from t he group of Mu` t azilah who denied t hat Allah spoke t o Musa or t hat He speaks t o any of His creat ion. We were t old t hat some of t he Mu` t azilah once recit ed t he Ayah t hat way, so one t eacher present said t o him, "O son of a st inking woman! What would you do concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚミ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ͡わ⇒∠ボΒ͡ヨ͡ャ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And when Musa came at t he t ime and place appoint ed by Us, and his Lord spoke t o him,) 7:143 '' The Shaykh meant t hat t he lat er Ayah cannot be alt ered or changed.

The Reason Behind Sending the Prophets is to Establish the Proof Allah said,

びリ ∠ Α͡ケグ͡ レ⊥ョヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲゼ あ ら∠ ョぁ Κ ⇔ シ ⊥ ケぁ ぴ (Messengers as bearers of good news as well as of warning,) meaning, t he Prophet s bring good news t o t hose who obey Allah and pract ice t he good t hings t hat please Him. They also warn against His punishment and t orment for t hose who defy His commandment s. Allah said next ,

モ ͡シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∀るイ ｚェ ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Κ ｚ ゃ∠ ャ͡ぴ びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ や⇔ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ (in order t hat mankind should have no plea against Allah aft er t he Messengers. And Allah is Ever All-Powerful, All-Wise.) Allah sent down His Books and sent His Messengers wit h good news

and warnings. He explained what He likes and is pleased wit h and what He dislikes and is displeased wit h. This way, no one will have an excuse wit h Allah. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

Ι∇ヲャ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ べｚル∠ぺ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ メ ｚ グ͡ ルｚ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ノ∠ ら͡ わｚ レ∠ プ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ろ ∠ ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ び ン∠ゴ∇ガル∠ ヱ∠ (And if We had dest royed t hem wit h a t orment before t his, t hey would surely have said: "Our Lord! If only You had sent us a Messenger, we should cert ainly have followed Your Ayat , before we were humiliat ed and disgraced.'') and,

び∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ∀るら∠ Β͡ダョぁ ユ⊥ヰら∠ Β͡ダゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And if (We had) not (sent you t o t he people of Makkah) in case a calamit y should seize t hem for (t he deeds) t hat t heir hands have sent fort h. ) It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Ibn Mas` ud said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク モ ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∩͡ぶや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ⊥ Β∠ ∇ビぺ∠ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ» ∇ょェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠リト ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ズ ∠ ェ ͡ やヲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャや ゥ ∠ ギ∠ ョ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク モ ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∩ｚモィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ やリ ∠ ョ͡ ゥ ⊥ ∇ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∩͡ぶや リ ∠ ョ͡ ケ⊥ ∇グバ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ょェ ∠ ぺ∠ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ «リΑ͡ケグ͡ ∇レョ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲゼ あ ら∠ ョ⊥ リ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや ゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク (No one is more j ealous t han Allah. This is why He prohibit ed all t ypes of sin commit t ed in public or secret . No one likes praise more t han Allah, and t his is why He has praised Himself. No one likes t o give excuse more t han Allah, and t his is why He sent t he Prophet s as bearers of good news and as warners.) In anot her narrat ion, t he Prophet said,

«ヮ∠らわ⊥ ミ⊥ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠シ ⊥ ケ⊥ モ ∠シ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク モ ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ » (And t his is why He sent His Messengers and revealed His Books.)

ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ͡ ム͡ ⇒ｚャぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ - や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ Κ ∠ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヱぁギタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ͡ ム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ - や⇔ギΒ͡バよ∠ び ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲデ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΒ∠ ャ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ペ ∠ Α͡ゲデ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ (166. But Allah bears wit ness t o t hat which He has sent down unt o you; He has sent it down wit h His knowledge, and t he angels bear wit ness. And Allah is All-Sufficient as a Wit ness.) (167. Verily, t hose who disbelieve and prevent (ot hers) from t he pat h of Allah; t hey have cert ainly st rayed far away.) (168. Verily, t hose who disbelieve and did wrong; Allah will not forgive t hem, nor will He guide t hem t o a way.) (169. Except t he way of Hell, t o dwell t herein forever; and t his is ever easy for Allah.) (170. O mankind! Verily, t here has come t o you t he Messenger wit h t he t rut h from your Lord. So believe in him, it is bet t er for you. But if you disbelieve, t hen cert ainly t o Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and t he eart h. And Allah is Ever AllKnowing, All-Wise.) Allah's st at ement

びマ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べｚル͡まぴ (Verily, We have inspired you...) emphasized t he Prophet 's prophet hood and refut ed t he idolat ors and People of t he Script ure who denied him. Allah said,

びマ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ͡ ム͡ ⇒ｚャぴ

(But Allah bears wit ness t o t hat which He has sent down unt o you,) meaning, even if t hey deny, defy and disbelieve in you, O Muhammad, Allah t est ifies t hat you are His Messenger t o whom He sent down His Book, t he Glorious Qur'an t hat ,

ヮ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ⊥ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ｚぴ び ギ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ユ∃ Β͡ムェ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀モΑ͡ゴレ∠ゎ (Falsehood cannot come t o it from before it or behind it , (it is) sent down by t he All-Wise, Wort hy of all praise.) Allah t hen said,

びヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゴ∠ ル∠ぺぴ (He has sent it down wit h His knowledge,) The knowledge of His t hat He willed His servant s t o have access t o. Knowledge about t he clear signs of guidance and t rut h, what Allah likes and is pleased wit h, what He dislikes and is displeased wit h, and knowledge of t he Unseen, such as t he past and t he fut ure. This also includes knowledge about His honorable at t ribut es t hat no sent Messenger or illust rious angel can even know wit hout Allah's leave. Similarly, Allah said,

び￢∠ べ∠セ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リョあ ￢∃ ∇ヶゼ ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥トΒ͡エΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will never compass anyt hing of His knowledge except t hat which He wills.) and,

びゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥トΒ͡エΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (but t hey will never compass anyt hing of His knowledge.) Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and t he angels bear wit ness.) t o t he t rut h of what you came wit h and what was revealed and sent down t o you, along wit h Allah's t est imony t o t he same,

びや⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah is All-Sufficient as a Wit ness.) Allah said,

∇ギホ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヱぁギタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び や⇔ギΒ͡バよ∠ Κ ∠ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ (Verily, t hose who disbelieve and prevent (ot hers) from t he pat h of Allah, t hey have cert ainly st rayed far away.) For t hey are disbelievers t hemselves and do not follow t he t rut h. They st rive hard t o prevent people from following and embracing Allah's pat h. Therefore, t hey have defied t he t rut h, deviat ed, and st rayed far away from it . Allah also ment ions His j udgment against t hose who disbelieve in His Ayat , Book and Messenger, t hose who wrong t hemselves by t heir disbelief and hindering ot hers from His pat h, commit t ing sins and violat ing His prohibit ions. Allah st at es t hat He will not forgive t hem;

びゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲデ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΒ∠ ャ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor will He guide t hem t o a way (t hat is, of good).)

びや⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ペ ∠ Α͡ゲデ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except t he way of Hell, t o dwell t herein forever...) and t his is t he except ion. Allah t hen said,

∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ サ ⊥ ゅレｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ (O mankind! Verily, t here has come t o you t he Messenger wit h t he t rut h from your Lord, so believe in him, it is bet t er for you.) This Ayah means, Muhammad has come t o you wit h guidance, t he religion of t rut h and clear proof from Allah. Therefore, believe in what he has brought you and follow him, for t his is bet t er for you. Allah t hen said,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (But if you disbelieve, t hen cert ainly t o Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and t he eart h.) Allah is far t oo rich t han t o need you or your fait h, and no harm could ever affect Him because of your disbelief. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ラ͡ま ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ヴ ｘ レ͡ ピ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠

(And Musa said: "If you disbelieve, you and all on eart h t oget her, t hen verily, Allah is Rich (Free of all needs), Owner of all praise.'') Allah said here,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah is Ever All-Knowing,) He knows t hose who deserve t o be guided, and He will guide t hem. He also knows t hose who deserve deviat ion, and He leads t hem t o it ,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ぴ (All-Wise) in His st at ement s, act ions, legislat ion and all t hat He decrees.

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ Α͡キ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇ピゎ∠ Ι ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠Αぴ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ∀ゥヱ⊥ケ∠ヱ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ルや ∀る∠ん⇒∠ヤ∠を ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ギ∀ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅョヱ ヮ⊥ ｚャ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ (171. O People of t he Script ure! Do not exceed t he limit s in your religion, nor say of Allah except t he t rut h. Al-Masih ` Isa, son of Maryam, was (no more t han) a Messenger of Allah and His Word, which He best owed on Maryam and a spirit from creat ed by Him; so believe in Allah and His Messengers. Say not : "Three!'' Cease! (it is) bet t er for you. For Allah is (t he only) One God, hallowed be He above having a son. To Him belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h. And Allah is All-Sufficient as a Disposer of affairs.)

Prohibiting the People of the Book From Going to Extremes in Religion Allah forbids t he People of t he Script ures from going t o ext remes in religion, which is a common t rait of t heirs, especially among t he Christ ians. The Christ ians exaggerat ed over ` Isa unt il t hey elevat ed him above t he grade t hat Allah gave him. They elevat ed him from t he rank

of prophet hood t o being a god, whom t hey worshipped j ust as t hey worshipped Allah. They exaggerat ed even more in t he case of t hose who t hey claim were his followers, claiming t hat t hey were inspired, t hus following every word t hey ut t ered whet her t rue or false, be it guidance or misguidance, t rut h or lies. This is why Allah said,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ゅ⇔よゅ∠よ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ら∇ワケ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ら∇ェぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グ∠ガゎｚ やぴ (They t ook t heir rabbis and t heir monks t o be t heir lords besides Allah.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

リ ∠ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ン ͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠ダレｚ ャや れ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ヶ͡ルヱ⊥ゲ∇トゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» «ヮ⊥ャヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や⊥ギ∇らハ ∠ :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボプ∠ ∀ギ∇らハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ .ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ (Do not unduly praise me like t he Christ ians exaggerat ed over ` Isa, son of Maryam. Verily, I am only a servant , so say, ` Allah's servant and His Messenger.') This is t he wording of Al-Bukhari. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said t hat a man once said, "O Muhammad! You are our mast er and t he son of our mast er, our most right eous person and t he son of our most right eous person...'' The Messenger of Allah said,

ユ⊥ ム⊥ レｚ Α∠ ヲ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ ャ͡∇ヲボ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ゅ∠Α» ∩⊥ヮャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や⊥ギ∇らハ ∠ ∩͡ぶや͡ギ∇らハ ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よ ギ⊥ ｚヨエ ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠ルぺ∠∩⊥ラゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ヶ͡わャｚや ヶ͡わャ∠ゴ͡ ∇レョ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥バプ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ぁょェ ͡ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ «モ∠ィヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヶ͡レャ∠ゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ (O people! Say what you have t o say, but do not allow Shayt an t o t rick you. I am Muhammad bin ` Abdullah, Allah's servant and Messenger. By Allah! I do not like t hat you elevat e me above t he rank t hat Allah has grant ed me.) Allah's st at ement ,

びペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor say of Allah except t he t rut h.) means, do not lie and claim t hat Allah has a wife or a son, Allah is far holier t han what t hey at t ribut e t o Him. Allah is glorified, praised, and honored in His might , grandure and great ness, and t here is no deit y wort hy of worship nor Lord but Him. Allah said;

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ びヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ∀ゥヱ⊥ケ∠ヱ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ヱ∠ (Al-Masih ` Isa, son of Maryam, was (no more t han) a Messenger of Allah and His Word, which He best owed on Maryam and a spirit from creat ed by Him;) ` Isa is only one of Allah's servant s and one of His creat ures. Allah said t o him, ` Be', and he was, and He sent him as a Messenger. ` Isa was a word from Allah t hat He best owed on Maryam, meaning He creat ed him wit h t he word ` Be' t hat He sent wit h Jibril t o Maryam. Jibril blew t he life of ` Isa int o Maryam by Allah's leave, and ` Isa came t o exist ence as a result . This incident was in place of t he normal concept ion bet ween man and woman t hat result s in children. This is why ` Isa was a word and a Ruh (spirit ) creat ed by Allah, as he had no fat her t o conceive him. Rat her, he came t o exist ence t hrough t he word t hat Allah ut t ered, ` Be,' and he was, t hrough t he life t hat Allah sent wit h Jibril. Allah said,

リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ Ι ｚ ま͡ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅｚョぴ びュ∠ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや ラ ͡Κ ∠ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ルゅ∠ミ ∀る∠ボΑあギ͡タ ヮ⊥ ぁョぺ⊥ヱ∠ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ぁゲャや ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ (Al-Masih ` Isa , son of Maryam, was no more t han a Messenger; many were t he Messengers t hat passed away before him. His mot her Maryam was a Siddiqah. They bot h at e food.) And Allah said,

リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ や∠￢ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ モ ∠ ん∠ ョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ リ⊥ミ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ｚユを⊥ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲゎ⊥ (Verily, t he likeness of ` Isa before Allah is t he likeness of Adam. He creat ed him from dust , t hen (He) said t o him: "Be! and he was.)

ゅ∠レェ ͡ ヱぁケ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ガヘ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰィ ∠ ∇ゲプ∠ ∇ろレ∠ ダ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや∠ヱぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ べ∠ヰレ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ (And she who guarded her chast it y, We breat hed int o her (garment ) and We made her and her son ` Isa a sign for all t hat exit s.) (21:91)

びゅ∠ヰィ ∠ ∇ゲプ∠ ∇ろレ∠ ダ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ラ ∠ や∠ゲ∇ヨハ ͡ る∠ レ∠ ∇よや ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And Maryam, t he daught er of ` Imran who guarded her chast it y,) and Allah said concerning t he Messiah,

びヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∀ギ∇ら∠ハ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ぴ (He ` Isa was not more t han a servant . We grant ed Our favor t o him.)

The Meaning of "His Word and a spirit from Him Abdur-Razzaq narrat ed t hat Ma` mar said t hat Qat adah said t hat t he Ayah,

びヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ∀ゥヱ⊥ケ∠ヱ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And His Word, which He best owed on Maryam and a spirit from creat ed by Him;) means, He said,

びｚリミ⊥ ぴ (Be) and he was. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ahmad bin Sinan Al-Wasit i said t hat he heard Shadh bin Yahya saying about Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ∀ゥヱ⊥ケ∠ヱ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and His Word, which He best owed on Maryam and a spirit from creat ed by Him;) "` Isa was not t he word. Rat her, ` Isa came t o exist ence because of t he word.'' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Ubadah bin As-Samit said t hat t he Prophet said,

∩⊥ヮャ∠ マ ∠ Α͡ゲセ ∠ ゅ∠ャ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ∩⊥ぶや ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ぶ ͡ や⊥ギ∇らハ ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇らハ ∠ や⇔ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∇レョ͡ ∀ゥヱ⊥ケ∠ヱ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヴャ͡ま ゅ∠ワゅ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ∩ｘペェ ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ ∩ｘペェ ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ «モ∠ヨバ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (If anyone t est ifies t hat none has t he right t o be worshipped but Allah Alone Who has no part ners, and t hat Muhammad is His servant and Messenger, and t hat ` Isa is Allah's servant and

Messenger and His Word which He best owed on Maryam and a spirit creat ed by Him, and t hat Paradise is t rue and Hell is t rue, t hen Allah will admit him int o Paradise wit h t he deeds which he performed.) In anot her narrat ion, t he Prophet said,

«￢ゅ∠セ ゅ∠ヰΑあ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ る͡ Βｚ ル͡ ゅ∠ヨんｚ ャや る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ » (...t hrough any of t he eight doors of Paradise he wishes.) Muslim also recorded it . Therefore, ` Ruh from Allah', in t he Ayah and t he Hadit h is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ (And has subj ect ed t o you all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h; it is all from Him.) meaning, from His creat ion. ` from Him' does not mean t hat it is a part of Him, as t he Christ ians claim, may Allah's cont inued curses be upon t hem. Saying t hat somet hing is from Allah, such as t he spirit of Allah, t he she-camel of Allah or t he House of Allah, is meant t o honor such it ems. Allah said,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや る⊥ ホ∠ ゅ∠ル ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワぴ (This is t he she-camel of Allah...) and,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヘも͡ べｚトヤ͡ャ ヴ ∠ わ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ゲヰあ デ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and sanct ify My House for t hose who circumambulat e it .) An aut hent ic Hadit h st at es,

«ロ͡ケや∠キ ヶ͡プ ヶあよケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇キほ∠プ∠ » (I will ent er on my Lord in His Home) All t hese examples are meant t o honor such it ems when t hey are at t ribut ed t o Allah in t his manner. Allah said,

びヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ぴ (so believe in Allah and His Messengers.) believe t hat Allah is One and Alone and t hat He does not have a son or wife. Know and be cert ain t hat ` Isa is t he servant and Messenger of Allah. Allah said aft er t hat ,

び∀るん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Say not : "Three!") do not elevat e ` Isa and his mot her t o be gods wit h Allah. Allah is far holier t han what t hey at t ribut e t o Him. In Surat Al-Ma'idah (chapt er 5), Allah said,

∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ る∃ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ゑ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠を ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ びギ∀ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ (Surely, disbelievers are t hose who said: "Allah is t he t hird of t he t hree.'' But t here is none who has t he right t o be worshipped but One God.) Allah said by t he end of t he same Surah,

サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ろ ∠ ヤ⊥ホ ろ ∠ ル∠￢ぺ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡バΑ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びヴ͡ルヱ⊥グ͡ガゎｚ や (And (remember) when Allah will say (on t he Day of Resurrect ion): "O ` Isa, son of Maryam! Did you say unt o men: ` Worship me''') and in it s beginning,

リ ⊥ ∇よや ウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャべ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ びユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ (Surely, in disbelief are t hey who say t hat Allah is t he Messiah, son of Maryam.) The Christ ians, may Allah curse t hem, have no limit t o t heir disbelief because of t heir ignorance, so t heir deviant st at ement s and t heir misguidance grows. Some of t hem believe t hat ` Isa is Allah, some believe t hat he is one in a t rinit y and some believe t hat he is t he son of Allah. Their beliefs and creeds are numerous and cont radict each ot her, prompt ing some people t o say t hat if t en Christ ians meet , t hey would end up wit h eleven sect s!

The Christian Sects Sa` id bin Bat riq, t he Pat riarch of Alexandria and a famous Christ ian scholar, ment ioned in t he year four hundred aft er t he Hij rah, t hat a Christ ian Council convened during t he reign of Const ant ine, who built t he cit y t hat bears his name. In t his Council, t he Christ ians came up wit h what t hey called t he Great Trust , which in realit y is t he Great Treachery. There were more t han t wo t housand pat riarchs in t his Council, and t hey were in such disarray t hat t hey divided int o many sect s, where some sect s had t went y, fift y or a hundred members, et c.! When t he king saw t hat t here were more t han t hree hundred Pat riarchs who had t he same idea, he agreed wit h t hem and adopt ed t heir creed. Const ant ine who was a deviant philosopher -- gave his support t o t his sect for which, as an honor, churches were built and doct rines were t aught t o young children, who were bapt ized on t his creed, and books were

writ t en about it . Meanwhile, t he king oppressed all ot her sect s. Anot her Council produced t he sect known as t he Jacobit es, while t he Nest orians were formed in a t hird Council. These t hree sect s agreed t hat ` Isa was divine, but disput ed regarding t he manner in which ` Isa's divinit y was relat ed t o his humanit y; were t hey in unit y or did Allah incarnat e in ` Isa! All t hree of t hese sect s accuse each ot her of heresy and, we believe t hat all t hree of t hem are disbelievers. Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ルやぴ (Cease! (it is) bet t er for you.) meaning, it will be bet t er for you,

びギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ギ∀ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (For Allah is (t he only) One God, hallowed be He above having a son.) and He is holier t han such claim,

ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ (To Him belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h. And Allah is All-Sufficient as a Disposer of affairs,) for all are creat ures, propert y and servant s under His cont rol and disposal, and He is t he Disposer of t he affairs. Therefore, how can He have a wife or a son among t hem,

びギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ノ⊥ Α͡ギよ∠ ぴ (He is t he originat or of t he heavens and t he eart h. How can He have children.) and

び や⇔キ∂ ま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ - や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey say: "The Most Gracious (Allah) has begot t en a son. Indeed you have brought fort h (said) a t errible evil t hing.'') Up t o His saying,

びや⇔キ∇ゲプ∠ ぴ (Alone.)

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ブ ∠ ム͡ レ∠わ∇ジΑ∠ リｚャぴ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ブム͡ ∇レわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ - ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ͡ Β∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エΒ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ Βあプヲ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ヘム∠ レ∠わ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リあョ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ Αゴ∠Αヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ⊥ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ あグバ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ (172. Al-Masih will never be t oo proud t o be a servant of Allah, nor t he angels who are t he near (t o Allah). And whosoever rej ect s His worship and is proud, t hen He will gat her t hem all t oget her unt o Himself.) (173. So, as for t hose who believed and did deeds of right eousness, He will give t hem t heir (due) rewards and more out of His bount y. But as for t hose who refused His worship and were proud, He will punish t hem wit h a painful t orment . And t hey will not find for t hemselves besides Allah any prot ect or or helper.)

The Prophets and Angels Are Never too Proud to Worship Allah Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat , ` proud', means insolent . Qat adah said t hat ,

る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャやぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Al-Masih will never be t oo proud t o be a servant of Allah nor t he angels who are near (t o Allah).) t hey will never be arrogant , Allah t hen said,

∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エΒ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ブム͡ ∇レわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ͡ Β∠ャま͡ (And whosoever rej ect s His worship and is proud, t hen He will gat her t hem all t oget her unt o Himself.) on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Then, Allah will j udge bet ween t hem wit h His j ust j udgment t hat is never unj ust or wrong.

∇ユヰ͡ Βあプヲ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リあョ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ Αゴ∠Αヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ (So, as for t hose who believed and did deeds of right eousness, He will give t heir (due) rewards, and more out of His bount y.) Allah will award t hem t heir full rewards for t heir right eous act ions and will give t hem more of His bount y, kindness, ample mercy and favor.

び∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヘム∠ レ∠わ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (But as for t hose who refused His worship and were proud, ) out of arrogance, t hey refused t o obey and worship Him,

ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ⊥ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ あグバ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ぴ びや⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (He will punish t hem wit h a painful t orment . And t hey will not find for t hemselves besides Allah any prot ect or or helper.) In anot her Ayah, Allah said,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ シ ∠ ヴ͡ゎキ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡ キ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ (Verily! Those who scorn My worship, t hey will surely ent er Hell in humiliat ion,) degradat ion, disgrace and dishonor, for t hey were arrogant and rebellious.

べ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∀ラゅ∠ワ∇ゲよ⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ - ゅ⇔レΒら͡ ョぁ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レｚョ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ ジ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨダ ∠ わ∠ ∇ハや∠ヱ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ゅ⇔デ∠ゲタ ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ (174. O mankind! Verily, t here has come t o you a convincing proof from your Lord; and We sent down t o you a manifest light .) (175. So, as for t hose who believed in Allah and held fast t o

depend on Him, He will admit t hem t o His mercy and grace (i.e. Paradise), and guide t hem t o Himself by a st raight pat h.)

The Description of the Revelation that Came From Allah Allah informs all people t hat a plain, unequivocal proof has come t o t hem from Him. One t hat eradicat es all possibilit y of having an excuse, or falling prey t o evil doubt s. Allah said,

びゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (and We sent down t o you a manifest light .) t hat direct s t o t he Trut h. Ibn Jurayj and ot hers said, "It is t he Qur'an.''

びヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨダ ∠ わ∠ ∇ハや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So, as for t hose who believed in Allah and held fast t o depend on Him,) by worshipping Him and relying on Him for each and every t hing. Ibn Jurayj said t hat t his part of t he Ayah means, "They believe in Allah and hold fast t o t he Qur'an.''

びモ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レｚョ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ ジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (He will admit t hem t o His mercy and grace,) meaning, He will grant t hem His mercy and admit t hem int o Paradise, and will increase and mult iply t heir rewards and t heir ranks, as a favor and bount y from Him.

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ゅ⇔デ∠ゲタ ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and guide t hem t o Himself by a st raight pat h.) and a clear way t hat has no wickedness in it or deviat ion. This, indeed, is t he descript ion of t he believers in t his life and t he Hereaft er, as t hey are on t he st raight and safe pat h in mat t ers of act ion and creed. In t he Hereaft er, t hey are on t he st raight pat h of Allah t hat leads t o t he gardens of Paradise.

∀ぼゲ⊥ ∇ョや ラ͡ま る͡ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤム∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡わ∇ヘΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥わ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ぴ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ブ ⊥ ∇ダル͡ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠プ∠ ∀ろ∇カぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠ワ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ∇をや ゅ∠わル∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡みプ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ べ∠ヰャｚ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡ま べ∠ヰを⊥ ゲ͡ Α∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠

Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ィケあ り⇔ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅミ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠んヤ⊥んぁ ャや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや リ ⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ リ ͡ ∇ΒΒ∠ ん∠ ルｙΙや ナ あェ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ゲ͡ ミ∠ グｚ ヤ͡ヤプ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ジル͡ ヱ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇やヲぁヤツ ͡ ゎ∠ (176. They ask you for a legal verdict . Say: "Allah direct s (t hus) about Al-Kalalah. If it is a man t hat dies leaving a sist er, but no child, she shall have half t he inherit ance, and in her case he will be her heir if she has no children. If t here are t wo sist ers, t hey shall have t wo-t hirds of t he inherit ance; if t here are brot hers and sist ers, t he male will have t wice t he share of t he female. (Thus) does Allah make clear t o you (His Law) lest you go ast ray. And Allah is t he All-Knower of everyt hing.'')

This is the Last Ayah Ever Revealed, the Ruling on Al-Kalalah Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Al-Bara' said t hat t he last Surah t o be revealed was Surah Bara'ah (chapt er 9) and t he last Ayah t o be revealed was,

びマ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥わ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ぴ (They ask you for a legal verdict ...) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said, "The Messenger of Allah came visit ing me when I was so ill t hat I fell unconscious. He performed ablut ion and poured t he remaining wat er on me, or had it poured on me. When I regained consciousness, I said, ` I will only leave inherit ance t hrough Kalalah, so what about t he inherit ance t hat I leave behind' Allah lat er revealed t he Ayah about Fara'id (inherit ance 4:11 ).''' The Two Sahihs and also t he Group recorded it . In one of t he wordings, Jabir said t hat t he Ayah on inherit ance was revealed;

びる͡ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤム∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡わ∇ヘΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥わ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ぴ (They ask you for a legal verdict . Say: "Allah direct s (t hus) about Al-Kalalah.) The wording of t he Ayah indicat es t hat t he quest ion was about t he Kalalah,

び∇ユム⊥ Β͡わ∇ヘΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Allah direct s (t hus)...) We ment ioned t he meaning of Kalalah before, t hat it means t he crown t hat surrounds t he head from all sides. This is why t he scholars st at ed t hat Kalalah pert ains t o one who dies and leaves behind neit her descendant s, nor ascendant s. Some said t hat t he Kalalah pert ains t o one who has no offspring, as t he Ayah st at es,

びギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠ワ∠ ∀ぼゲ⊥ ∇ョや ラ͡まぴ (If it is a man t hat dies, leaving no child,) The meaning and ruling of Kalalah was somewhat confusing t o t he Leader of t he Fait hful ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab. It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat ` Umar said, "There are t hree mat t ers t hat I wished t he Messenger of Allah had explained t o us, so t hat we could abide by his explanat ion. (They are: t he share in t he inherit ance of) t he grandfat her, t he Kalalah and a cert ain t ype of Riba.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ma` dan bin Abi Talhah said t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said, "There is not hing t hat I asked t he Messenger of Allah about it s meaning more t han t he Kalalah, unt il he st abbed me wit h his finger in my chest and said,

り͡ ケ∠ ヲ⊥シ ゲ͡ カ ͡ へ ヶ͡プ ヶ͡わャｚや ブ ͡ ∇Βダ ｚ ャや る⊥ Α∠ へ マ ∠ Β͡ヘ∇ムΑ∠ » «￢ゅ∠ジレあ ャや (The Ayah t hat is in t he end of Surat An-Nisa' should suffice for you.)'' Ahmad ment ioned t his short narrat ion for t his Hadit h, Muslim recorded a longer form of it .

The Meaning of This Ayah Allah said,

びマ ∠ ヤ∠ワ∠ ∀ぼゲ⊥ ∇ョや ラ͡まぴ (If it is a man t hat dies.) Allah said in anot her Ayah,

びヮ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∀マ͡ャゅ∠ワ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ (Everyt hing will perish save His Face.) Therefore, everyt hing and everyone dies and perishes except Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored. Allah said,

ヱ⊥ク マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇らΑ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∃ ゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ び ュ͡ や∠ゲ∇ミΗ ͡ や∠ヱ モ ͡ ⇒∇ヤイ ∠ ∇ャや (What soever is on it (t he eart h) will perish. And t he Face of your Lord full of maj est y and honor will remain forever.) Allah said here,

びギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ (leaving no child,) referring t o t he person who has neit her children, nor parent s. What t est ifies t o t his, is t hat Allah said aft erwards,

びポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ブ ⊥ ∇ダル͡ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠プ∠ ∀ろ∇カぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Leaving a sist er, she shall have half t he inherit ance.) Had t here been a surviving ascendant , t he sist er would not have inherit ed anyt hing, and t here is a consensus on t his point . Therefore, t his Ayah is referring t o t he man who dies leaving behind neit her descendant s nor ascendant s, as is apparent for t hose who cont emplat e it s meaning. This is because when t here is a surviving parent , t he sist er does not inherit anyt hing, let alone half of t he inherit ance. Ibn Jarir and ot hers ment ioned t hat Ibn ` Abbas and Ibn Az-Zubayr used t o j udge t hat if a person dies and leaves behind a daught er and a sist er, t he sist er does not inherit anyt hing. They would recit e,

ブ ⊥ ∇ダル͡ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠プ∠ ∀ろ∇カぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠ワ∠ ∀ぼゲ⊥ ∇ョや ラ͡まぴ びポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ (If it is a man t hat dies, leaving a sist er, but no child, she shall have half t he inherit ance.) They said t hat if one leaves behind a daught er, t hen he has left behind a child. Therefore t he sist er does not get anyt hing. The maj orit y of scholars disagreed wit h t hem, saying t he daught er get s one half and t he sist er t he ot her half, relying on ot her evidence. This Ayah (4:176 above) gives t he sist er half of t he inherit ance in t he case t hat it specifies. As for giving t he sist er half in ot her cases, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Sulayman said t hat Ibrahim report ed t o Al-Aswad t hat he said, "During t he t ime of t he Messenger of Allah , Mu` adh bin Jabal gave a j udgment t hat t he daught er get s one half and t he sist er t he ot her half.'' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Huzayl bin Shurahbil said, "Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari was asked about t he case when t here was a daught er, grand-daught er and sist er t o inherit . He said, ` The daught er get s one-half and t he sist er onehalf.' Go and ask Ibn Mas` ud, alt hough I t hink he is going t o agree wit h me.' So Ibn Mas` ud was asked and was t old about Abu Musa's answer, and Ibn Mas` ud comment ed, ` I would have deviat ed t hen and would not have become among t hose who are right ly guided. I will give a j udgment similar t o t he j udgment given by t he Prophet . The daught er get s one-half, t he grand-daught er get s one-sixt h, and t hese t wo shares will add up t o t wo-t hirds. What ever is left will be for t he sist er.' We went back t o Abu Musa and conveyed t o him Ibn Mas` ud's answer and he said, ` Do not ask me (for legal verdict s) as long as t his scholar is st ill among you.''' Allah t hen said,

びギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ べ∠ヰャｚ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡ま べ∠ヰを⊥ ゲ͡ Α∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (... and he will be her heir if she has no children.) This Ayah means, t he brot her inherit s all of t hat his sist er leaves behind if she has no surviving offspring or parent s. If she has a surviving parent , her brot her would not inherit anyt hing. If t here is someone who get s a fixed share in t he inherit ance, such as a husband or half brot her from t he mot her's side, t hey t ake t heir share

and t he rest goes t o t he brot her. It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヂ ⊥ も͡ やゲ∠ヘ∇ャや ろ ͡ ボ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワほ∠よ͡ ヂ ∠ も͡ や∠ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや やヲ⊥ボエ ͡ ∇ャぺ» «ゲ∠ミク∠ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱほ∠ヤ͡プ∠ (Give t he Farai'd t o it s people, and what ever is left is t he share of t he nearest male relat ive.) Allah said,

びポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅヨｚ ョ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠んヤ⊥んぁ ャや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ∇をや ゅ∠わ∠ルゅ∠ミ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (If t here are t wo sist ers, t hey shall have t wo-t hirds of t he inherit ance;) meaning, if t he person who dies in Kalalah has t wo sist ers, t hey get t wo-t hirds of t he inherit ance. More t han t wo sist ers share in t he t wo-t hirds. From t his Ayah, t he scholars t ook t he ruling regarding t he t wo daught ers, or more, t hat t hey share in t he t wo-t hirds, j ust as t he share of t he sist ers (t wo or more) was t aken from t he Ayah about t he daught ers,

びポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠んヤ⊥を⊥ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ∇をや ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ジル͡ ｚリミ⊥ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (if (t here are) only daught ers, t wo or more, t heir share is t wo t hirds of t he inherit ance.) 4:11 . Allah said,

ナ あェ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ゲ͡ ミ∠ グｚ ヤ͡ヤプ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ジル͡ ヱ∠ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ィケあ り⇔ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ びリ ͡ ∇ΒΒ∠ ん∠ ルｙΙや (if t here are brot hers and sist ers, t he male will have t wice t he share of t he female.) This is t he share t hat t he male relat ives (sons, grandsons, brot hers) regularly get , t hat is, t wice as much as t he female get s. Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや リ ⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ ぴ ((Thus) does Allah make clear t o you...) His Law and set limit s, clarifying His legislat ion,

び∇やヲぁヤツ ͡ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ (Lest you go ast ray.) from t he t rut h aft er t his explanat ion,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is t he All-Knower of everyt hing.) Allah has perfect knowledge in t he consequences of everyt hing and in t he benefit t hat each mat t er carries for His servant s. He also knows what each of t he relat ives deserves from t he inherit ance, according t o t he degree of relat ion he or she has wit h t he deceased. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Tariq bin Shihab said t hat ` Umar gat hered t he Companions of t he Messenger of Allah once and said, "I will give a ruling concerning t he Kalalah t hat even women will t alk about it in t heir bedrooms.'' A snake t hen appeared in t he house and t he gat hering had t o disperse. ` Umar comment ed, ` Had Allah willed t his (` Umar's verdict regarding t he Kalalah) t o happen, it would have happened.'' The chain of narrat ion for t his st ory is aut hent ic. Al-Hakim, Abu ` Abdullah An-Naysaburi recorded t hat ` Umar bin AlKhat t ab said, ` Had I asked t he Messenger of Allah regarding t hree t hings, it would have been bet t er for me t han red camels. (They are:) who should be t he Khalifah aft er him; about a people who said, ` We agree t o pay Zakah, but not t o you (meaning t o t he Khalifah),' if we are allowed t o fight t hem; and about t he Kalalah.'' Al-Hakim said, "It s chain is Sahih according t o t he Two Shaykhs, and t hey did not recorded it .'' Ibn Jarir also said t hat it was report ed t hat ` Umar said, "I feel shy t o change a ruling t hat Abu Bakr issued. Abu Bakr used t o say t hat t he Kalalah is t he person who has no descendant s or ascendant s.'' Abu Bakr's saying is what t he maj orit y of scholars among t he Companions, t heir followers and t he earlier and lat er Imams agree wit h. This is also t he ruling t hat t he Qur'an indicat es. For Allah st at ed t hat He has explained and made plain t he ruling of t he Kalalah, when He said,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇やヲぁヤツ ͡ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや リ ⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ ぴ ((Thus) does Allah makes clear t o you (His Law) lest you go ast ray. And Allah is t he All-Knower of everyt hing.) And Allah knows best .

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Ma'idah (Chapter - 5) The Virtues of Surat Al-Ma'idah; When It was Revealed At -Tirmidhi recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said, "The last Surahs t o be revealed were Surat Al-Ma'idah and Surat Al-Fat h (chapt er 48).'' At -Tirmidhi comment ed, "This Hadit h is Hasan, Gharib.'' and it was also report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he last Surah t o be revealed was,

びウ ⊥ ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ダル∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ぴ (When t here comes t he help of Allah and t he Conquest ,) Al-Hakim collect ed a narrat ion similar t o t hat of At -Tirmidhi in his Must adrak, and he said, "It is Sahih according t o t he crit eria of t he Two Shaykhs and t hey did not record it .'' Al-Hakim narrat ed t hat Jubayr bin Nufayr said, "I performed Haj j once and visit ed ` A'ishah and she said t o me, ` O Jubayr! Do you read (or memorize) Al-Ma'idah ' I answered ` Yes.' She said, ` It was t he last Surah t o be revealed. Therefore, what ever permissible mat t ers you find in it , t hen consider (t reat ) t hem permissible. And what ever impermissible mat t ers you find in it , t hen consider (t reat ) t hem impermissible.'''

Al-Hakim said, "It is Sahih according t o t he crit eria of t he Two Shaykhs and t hey did not record it . '' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdur-Rahman bin Mahdi relat ed t hat Mu` awiyah bin Salih added t his st at ement in t he last Hadit h, "I (Jubayr) also asked ` A'ishah about t he Messenger of Allah's conduct and she answered by saying, ` The Qur'an.''' An-Nasa'i also recorded it .

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろヤｚェ ͡ ぺ⊥ キ͡ ヲ⊥ボバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥プ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ ヴあヤエ ͡ ョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ュ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や る⊥ ヨ∠ Β͡ヰよ∠ ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Α - ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∀ュゲ⊥ ェ ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇Βダ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ∇ヰゼ ｚ ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ も͡ べ∠バセ ∠ ∇やヲぁヤエ ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ろ ∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ Βあョや∠￢ Ι∠ヱ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤボ∠ ∇ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ン ∠ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∠ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ル∠ヲ∇ッケ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ Κ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ュ∠ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ∠ぺ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ラ ⊥ べ∠レセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ョ∠ ゲ͡ ∇イΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ⇒∠ト∇タゅ∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤヤ∠ェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヱ∠ ゅ∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱぁギタ ∠ ユ͡ ∇をΗ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヱ∠ ゅ∠バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ら∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャへ ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱ ͡ラや∠ヱ∇ギバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ (In t he Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.) (1. O you who believe! Fulfill (your) obligat ions. Lawful t o you (for food) are all t he beast s of cat t le except t hat which will be announced t o you (herein), game (also) being unlawful when you assume Ihram. Verily, Allah commands t hat which He wills.) (2. O you who believe! Violat e not t he sanct it y of t he symbols of Allah, nor of t he Sacred Mont h, nor of t he Hady brought for sacrifice, nor t he garlands, nor t he people coming t o t he Sacred House (Makkah), seeking t he bount y and good pleasure of t heir Lord. But when you finish t he Ihram, t hen hunt , and let not t he hat red of some people in (once) st opping you from Al-Masj id Al-Haram (at Makkah) lead you t o t ransgression. Help you one anot her in Al-Birr and At -Taqwa, but do not help one anot her in sin and t ransgression. And have Taqwa of Allah. Verily, Allah is severe in punishment .) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat a man came t o ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud and said t o him, "Advise me.'' He said, "When you hear Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ (O you who believe!) t hen pay full at t ent ion, for it is a right eous mat t er t hat He is ordaining or an evil t hing t hat He is forbidding.'' Khayt hamah said, "Everyt hing in t he Qur'an t hat reads,

び∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ (O you who believe!) reads in t he Tawrah, ` O you who are in need.''' Allah said,

びキ͡ ヲ⊥ボバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥プ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Fulfill (your) obligat ions.) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and ot hers said t hat ` obligat ions' here means t reat ies. Ibn Jarir ment ioned t hat t here is a consensus for t his view. Ibn Jarir also said t hat it means t reat ies, such as t he alliances t hat t hey used t o conduct . ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed:

びキ͡ ヲ⊥ボバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥プ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ (O you who believe! Fulfill (your) obligat ions.) "Refers t o t he covenant s, meaning, what Allah permit t ed, prohibit ed, ordained and set limit s for in t he Qur'an. Therefore, do not commit t reachery or break t he covenant s. Allah emphasized t his command when He said,

ヮ͡ ボ͡ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ヰハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツボ⊥ レ∠Α リ ∠ Αグ͡ ャｚや∠ヱぴ びモ ∠タ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バト ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ (And t hose who break t he covenant of Allah, aft er it s rat ificat ion, and sever t hat which Allah has commanded t o be j oined,) unt il,

びケ͡ やｚギャや ￢⊥ ヲ⊥シぴ (unhappy (evil) home (i.e. Hell).)'' Ad-Dahhak said t hat ,

びキ͡ ヲ⊥ボバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥プ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Fulfill your obligat ions.) "Refers t o what Allah has permit t ed and what He has prohibit ed. Allah has t aken t he covenant from t hose who proclaim t heir fait h in t he Prophet and t he Book t o fulfill t he obligat ions t hat He has ordered for t hem in t he permissible and t he impermissible.''

Explaining the Lawful and the Unlawful Beasts Allah said,

びュ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や る⊥ ヨ∠ Β͡ヰよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろヤｚェ ͡ ぺ⊥ぴ (Lawful t o you (for food) are all t he beast s of cat t le) camels, cows and sheep, as Al-Hasan, Qat adah and several ot hers st at ed. Ibn Jarir said t hat t his Tafsir conforms t o t he meaning of (` beast s of cat t le') t hat t he Arabs had. We should ment ion t hat Ibn ` Umar, Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers relied on t his Ayah as evidence t o allow eat ing t he meat of t he fet us if it is found dead in t he belly of it s slaught ered mot her. There is a Hadit h t o t he same effect collect ed in t he Sunan of Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah and narrat ed by Abu Sa` id who said, "We asked, ` O Messenger of Allah! When we slaught er a camel, cow or sheep, we somet imes find a fet us in it s belly, should we discard it or eat it s meat ' He said,

«ヮあョぺ⊥ り⊥ ゅ∠ミク∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ミク∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ラま͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ » (Eat it if you want , because it s slaught er was fulfilled when it s mot her was slaught ered.)'' At Tirmidhi said, "This Hadit h is Hasan.'' Abu Dawud recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ヮあョぺ⊥ り⊥ ゅ∠ミク∠ リ ͡ Β͡レイ ∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ゅ∠ミク∠ » (Proper slaught er of t he fet us is fulfilled wit h t he slaught er of it s mot her.) Only Abu Dawud collect ed t his narrat ion. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except t hat which will be announced t o you (herein), ) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat it refers t o, "The flesh of dead animals, blood and t he meat of swine.'' Qat adah said, "The meat of dead animals and animals slaught ered wit hout Allah's Name being pronounced at t he t ime of slaught ering.'' It appears, and Allah knows best , t hat t he Ayah refers t o Allah's ot her st at ement ,

べ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ͡ Α͡ゴ∇レガ ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ∇エャ∠ヱ∠ ュ⊥ ギｚ ∇ャや∠ヱ る⊥ わ∠ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ゲあ ェ ⊥ぴ り⊥ ク∠ ヲ⊥ホ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ る⊥ ボ∠ レ͡ ガ ∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ャ͡ ｚモワ͡ ぺ⊥ びノ⊥ ら⊥ ｚジャや モ ∠ ミ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ る⊥ エ ∠ Β͡トレｚ ャや∠ヱ る⊥ Α∠ キあ ゲ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ

(Forbidden t o you (for food) are: Al-Mayt ah (t he dead animals), blood, t he flesh of swine, and what has been slaught ered as a sacrifice for ot hers t han Allah, and t hat which has been killed by st rangling, or by a violent blow, or by a headlong fall, or by t he goring of horns - and t hat which has been (part ly) eat en by a wild animal.) 5:3 , for alt hough t he animals ment ioned in t his Ayah are t ypes of permissible cat t le (except for swine), t hey become impermissible under t he circumst ances t hat t he Ayah 5:3 specifies. This is why Allah said aft erwards,

びょ ͡ ダ ⊥ レぁ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ウ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βミｚ ク∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Unless you are able t o slaught er it (before it s deat h) and t hat which is sacrificed (slaught ered) on An-Nusub (st one alt ars)) as t he lat t er t ype is not permissible, because it can no longer be slaught ered properly. Hence, Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ュ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や る⊥ ヨ∠ Β͡ヰよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろヤｚェ ͡ ぺ⊥ぴ (Lawful t o you are all t he beast s of cat t le except t hat which will be announced t o you, ) means, except t he specific circumst ances t hat prohibit some of t hese which will be announced t o you. Allah said,

び∀ュゲ⊥ ェ ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇Βダ ｚ ャや ヴあヤエ ͡ ョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ぴ (game (also) being unlawful when you assume Ihram.) Some scholars said t hat t he general meaning of ` cat t le' includes domest icat ed cat t le, such as camels, cows and sheep, and wild cat t le, such as gazzelle, wild cat t le and wild donkeys. Allah made t he except ions ment ioned above (dead animals blood, flesh of swine et c.), and prohibit ed hunt ing wild beast s while in t he st at e of Ihram. It was also report ed t hat t he meaning here is, "We have allowed for you all t ypes of cat t le in all circumst ances, except what We excluded herewit h for t he one hunt ing game while in t he st at e of Ihram.'' Allah said,

∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ キ∃ ゅ∠ハ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ パ ∃ ゅ∠よ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ｚゲト ⊥ ∇ッや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ (But if one is forced by necessit y, wit hout willful disobedience, and not t ransgressing, t hen, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) This Ayah means, "We allowed eat ing t he meat of dead animals, when one is forced by necessit y, under t he condit ion t hat one is not t ransgressing t he limit s or overst epping t hem.'' Here, Allah st at es, "Just as We allowed t he meat of cat t le in all condit ions and circumst ances, t hen do not hunt game when in t he st at e of Ihram, for t his is t he decision of Allah, Who is t he Most Wise in all t hat He commands and forbids.'' So Allah said;

びギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ

(Verily, Allah commands t hat which He wills.)

The Necessity of Observing the Sanctity of the Sacred Area and the Sacred Months Allah cont inues,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ も͡ べ∠バセ ∠ ∇やヲぁヤエ ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ (O you who believe! Violat e not t he sanct it y of Sha'a'ir Allah (t he symbols of Allah),) Ibn ` Abbas said, "Sha` a'ir Allah means t he rit uals of Haj j .'' Muj ahid said, "As-Safa and Al-Marwah, and t he sacrificial animal are t he symbols of Allah.'' It was also st at ed t hat Sha` a'ir Allah is what He prohibit ed. Therefore, it means, do not violat e what Allah prohibit ed. Allah said aft erwards,

びュ∠ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇ヰゼ ｚ ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor of t he Sacred Mont h,) for you are required t o respect and honor t he Sacred Mont h and t o refrain from what Allah forbade during it , such as fight ing. This also lays emphasis on avoiding sins during t hat t ime. As Allah said;

∀メゅ∠わ͡ホ ∇モホ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ メ ∃ ゅ∠わホ͡ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇ヰゼ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Αぴ び∀ゲΒ͡ら∠ミ ヮ͡ Β͡プ (They ask you concerning fight ing in t he Sacred Mont h. Say, "Fight ing t herein is a great (t ransgression).'') and,

びや⇔ゲ∇ヰセ ∠ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇をや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰゼ ぁ ャや り∠ ギｚ ハ ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he number of mont hs wit h Allah is t welve mont hs (in a year). ) Al-Bukhari recorded in his Sahih t hat Abu Bakrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said during t he Farewell Haj j ,

ぶ ⊥ や ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ゃ∠ ∇Βヰ∠ ミ∠ ケ∠ や∠ギわ∠ ∇シや ギ͡ ホ∠ ∠ラゅ∠ョゴｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∩や⇔ゲ∇ヰセ ∠ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇をや る⊥ レ∠ ｚジャや チ ∠ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ れ ͡ やヲ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヱ⊥ク∠ヱ り͡ ギ∠ ∇バボ∠ ∇ャや ヱ⊥ク :∀れゅ∠Βャ͡や∠ヲわ∠ ョ⊥ ∀ゐゅ∠ヤ∠を ∩∀ュゲ⊥ ェ ⊥ る∀ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠

リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ツ ∠ ョ⊥ ょ ⊥ ィ ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ュゲｚ エ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ る͡ イ ｚエ ͡ ∇ャや «ラゅ∠ら∇バセ ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠キゅ∠ヨィ ⊥ (The division of t ime has ret urned as it was when Allah creat ed t he Heavens and t he eart h. The year is t welve mont hs, four of which are sacred: Three are in succession, (t hey are:) DhulQa'dah, Dhul-Hij j ah and Muharram, and (t he fourt h is) Raj ab of (t he t ribe of) Mudar which comes bet ween Jumada (At h-Thaniyah) and Sha'ban.) This Hadit h t est ifies t o t he cont inued sanct it y of t hese mont hs unt il t he end of t ime.

Taking the Hady to the Sacred House of Allah, Al-Ka` bah Allah's st at ement ,

びギ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤボ∠ ∇ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ン ∠ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor of t he Hady brought for sacrifice, nor t he garlands,) means, do not abandon t he pract ice of bringing t he Hady (sacrificial animals) t o t he Sacred House, as t his rit ual is a form of honoring t he symbols of Allah. Do not abandon t he pract ice of garlanding t hese animals on t heir necks, so t hat t hey are dist inguished from ot her cat t le. This way, it will be known t hat t hese animals are int ended t o be offered as Hady at t he Ka` bah, and t hus t hose who might int end some harm t o t hem would refrain from doing so. Those who see t he Hady might be encouraged t o imit at e t his rit ual, and indeed, he who calls t o a t ype of guidance, will earn rewards equal t o t he rewards of t hose who follow his lead, wit hout decrease in t heir own rewards. When t he Messenger of Allah int ended t o perform Haj j , he spent t he night at DhulHulayfah, which is also called Wadi Al-` Aqiq. In t he morning, t he Prophet made rounds wit h his wives, who were nine at t hat t ime, performed Ghusl (bat h), applied some perfume and performed a t wo Rak` ah prayer. He t hen garlanded t he Hady and announced aloud his int ent ion t o perform Haj j and ` Umrah. The Prophet 's Hady at t he t ime consist ed of plent y of camels, more t han sixt y, and t hey were among t he best animals, t he healt hiest and most physically accept able, j ust as Allah's st at ement proclaims,

ン∠ヲ∇ボゎ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ͡み∠プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠バセ ∠ ∇ユヌ あ バ∠ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ びゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや (Thus it is, and whosoever honors t he symbols of Allah, t hen it is t ruly, from t he piet y of t he heart s.) Muqat il bin Hayyan said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びギ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤボ∠ ∇ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(nor t he garlands) means, "Do not breach t heir sanct it y.'' During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, t he people used t o garland t hemselves wit h animal hair and pelt s when t hey left t heir areas in mont hs ot her t han t he Sacred Mont hs. The idolat ors of t he Sacred House Area used t o garland t hemselves wit h t he t ree-st ems of t he Sacred Area, so t hat t hey were grant ed safe passage.'' This st at ement was collect ed by Ibn Abi Hat im, who also recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "There are t wo Ayat in t his Surah (Al-Ma'idah) t hat were abrogat ed, t he Ayah about t he garlands 5:2 , and

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ェゅ∠プ ポ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ n(So if t hey come t o you (O Muhammad ), eit her j udge bet ween t hem, or t urn away from t hem.)''

The Necessity of Preserving the Sanctity and Safety of those who Intend to Travel to the Sacred House Allah said,

リあョ Κ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ュ∠ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ Βあョや∠￢ Ι∠ヱぴ び⇔ゅル∠ヲ∇ッ͡ケ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ (nor t he people coming t o t he Sacred House (Makkah), seeking t he bount y and good pleasure of t heir Lord.) The Ayah commands: Do not fight people who are heading t owards t he Sacred House of Allah, which if anyone ent ers it , he must be grant ed safe refuge. Likewise, t hose who are heading t owards t he Sacred House seeking t he bount y and good pleasure of Allah, must not be st opped, prevent ed, or fright ened away from ent ering t he Sacred House. Muj ahid, ` At a', Abu Al-` Aliyah, Mut arrif bin ` Abdullah, ` Abdullah bin ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Muqat il bin Hayyan, Qat adah and several ot hers said t hat ,

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ Κ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ぴ (seeking t he bount y of t heir Lord.) refers t o t rading. A similar discussion preceded concerning t he Ayah;

び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ Κ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ (There is no sin on you if you seek t he bount y of your Lord (during pilgrimage by t rading).) Allah said;

び⇔ゅル∠ヲ∇ッ͡ケ∠ヱぴ (and pleasure. ) Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he word ` pleasure' in t he Ayah refers t o, "seeking Allah's pleasure by t heir Haj j .'' ` Ikrimah, As-Suddi and Ibn Jarir ment ioned t hat t his Ayah was revealed concerning Al-Hut am bin Hind Al-Bakri, who had raided t he cat t le belonging t o t he people of Al-Madinah. The following year, he want ed t o perform ` Umrah t o t he House of Allah and some of t he Companions want ed t o at t ack him on his way t o t he House. Allah revealed,

リあョ Κ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ュ∠ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ Βあョや∠￢ Ι∠ヱぴ び⇔ゅル∠ヲ∇ッ͡ケ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ (nor t he people coming t o t he Sacred House (Makkah), seeking t he bount y and good pleasure of t heir Lord.)

Hunting Game is Permissible After Ihram Ends Allah said,

び∇やヱ⊥ギ⇒∠ト∇タゅ∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤヤ∠ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (But when you finish t he Ihram, t hen hunt ,) When you end your Ihram, it is permit t ed for you t o hunt game, which was prohibit ed for you during Ihram. Alt hough t his Ayah cont ains a command t hat t akes effect aft er t he end of a st at e of prohibit ion (during Ihram in t his case), t he Ayah, in fact , brings back t he ruling t hat was previously in effect . If t he previous ruling was an obligat ion, t he new command will uphold t hat obligat ion, and such is t he case wit h recommended and permissible mat t ers. There are many Ayat t hat deny t hat t he ruling in such cases is always an obligat ion. Such is also t he case against t hose who say t hat it is always merely allowed. What we ment ioned here is t he correct opinion t hat employs t he available evidence, and Allah knows best .

Justice is Always Necessary Allah said,

リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱぁギタ ∠ ラ∠ぺ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ラ ⊥ べ∠レセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ョ∠ ゲ͡ ∇イΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや

(and let not t he hat red of some people in (once) st opping you from Al-Masj id Al-Haram (at Makkah) lead you t o t ransgression (and host ilit y on your part ).) The meaning of t his Ayah is apparent , as it commands: Let not t he hat red for some people, who prevent ed you from reaching t he Sacred House in t he year of Hudaybiyyah, make you t ransgress Allah's Law and commit inj ust ice against t hem in ret aliat ion. Rat her, rule as Allah has commanded you, being j ust wit h every one. We will explain a similar Ayah lat er on,

∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇ハや ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ラ ⊥ べ∠レセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ョ∠ ゲ͡ ∇イΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ヤ͡ャ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ (And let not t he enmit y and hat red of ot hers make you avoid j ust ice. Be j ust : t hat is nearer t o piet y,) which commands: do not be driven by your hat red for some people int o abandoning j ust ice, for j ust ice is ordained for everyone, in all sit uat ions. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Zayd bin Aslam said, "The Messenger of Allah and his Companions were in t he area of Al-Hudaybiyyah when t he idolat ors prevent ed t hem from visit ing t he House, and t hat was especially hard on t hem. Lat er on, some idolat ors passed by t hem from t he east int ending t o perform ` Umrah. So t he Companions of t he Prophet said, ` Let us prevent t hose (from ` Umrah) j ust as t heir fellow idolat ors prevent ed us.' Thereaft er, Allah sent down t his Ayah.'' Ibn Abbas and ot hers said t hat "Shana'an'' refers t o enmit y and hat e. Allah said next ,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヱ∠ ゅ∠バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ら∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヱ∠ ゅ∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ͡ や∠ヱ∇ギバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユ͡ ∇をΗ ͡や (Help you one anot her in Al-Birr and At -Taqwa; but do not help one anot her in sin and t ransgression.) Allah commands His believing servant s t o help one anot her perform right eous, good deeds, which is t he meaning of ` Al-Birr', and t o avoid sins, which is t he meaning of ` At Taqwa'. Allah forbids His servant s from helping one anot her in sin, ` It hm' and commit t ing t he prohibit ions. Ibn Jarir said t hat , "It hm means abandoning what Allah has ordained, while t ransgression means overst epping t he limit s t hat Allah set in your religion, along wit h overst epping what Allah has ordered concerning yourselves and ot hers.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ヤ∇ヌョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヨャ͡ゅ∠ニ ポ ∠ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ∇ゲダ ⊥ ∇ルや» (Support your brot her whet her he was unj ust or t he vict im of inj ust ice.) He was asked, "O Messenger of Allah! We know about helping him when he suffers inj ust ice, so what about helping him when he commit s inj ust ice'' He said,

«ロ⊥ゲ∇ダル∠ ポ ∠ や∠グプ∠ ユ͡ ∇ヤヌ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ レ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゴ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇エゎ∠ »

(Prevent and st op him from commit t ing inj ust ice, and t his represent s giving support t o him.) Al-Bukhari recorded t his Hadit h t hrough Hushaym. Ahmad recorded t hat one of t he Companions of t he Prophet narrat ed t he Hadit h,

∇ユワ⊥ や∠クぺ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ∠ ゲ⊥ ら͡ ∇ダΑ∠ ヱ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや テ ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠ガΑ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚや リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや» ゲ⊥ ら͡ ∇ダΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや テ ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠ガΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ヵ͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヌ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ «ユ⊥ワや∠クぺ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ (The believer who mingles wit h people and is pat ient wit h t heir annoyance, earns more reward t han t he believer who does not mingle wit h people and does not observe pat ience wit h t heir annoyance.) Muslim recorded a Hadit h t hat st at es,

ケ͡ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ィほ∠∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ハキ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ゾ ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴャ͡ま ヮ⊥ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅミ∠ る∃ ャ∠ゅ∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ハキ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠をへ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ユ͡ ∇をみ͡∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ «ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ョ͡ ゅ∠をへ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ゾ ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ (He who calls t o a guidance, will earn a reward similar t o t he rewards of t hose who accept his call, unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, wit hout decreasing t heir rewards. Whoever calls t o a heresy, will carry a burden similar t o t he burdens of t hose who accept his call, unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, wit hout decreasing t heir own burdens.)

べ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ͡ Α͡ゴ∇レガ ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ∇エャ∠ヱ∠ ュ⊥ ギｚ ∇ャや∠ヱ る⊥ わ∠ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ゲあ ェ ⊥ぴ り⊥ ク∠ ヲ⊥ホ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ る⊥ ボ∠ レ͡ ガ ∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ャ͡ ｚモワ͡ ぺ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βミｚ ク∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ノ⊥ ら⊥ ｚジャや モ ∠ ミ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ る⊥ エ ∠ Β͡トレｚ ャや∠ヱ る⊥ Α∠ キあ ゲ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ュ͡ Ι ∠ ∇コΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨジ ͡ ∇ボわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ダ ⊥ レぁ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ウ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ Α͡キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ザ ∠ ゃ͡ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ∀ペ∇ジ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠

∇ユム⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ラ ͡ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇カや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ゅ⇔レΑ͡キ ュ∠ Κ ∠ ∇シΕ ͡ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ッケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡わヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヨ∠ ∇ゎぺ∠ヱ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ユ∃ ∇をΗ ͡ ブ ∃ ル͡ ゅ∠イわ∠ ョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ る∃ ダ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ガョ∠ ヴ͡プ ｚゲト ⊥ ∇ッや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや (3. Forbidden t o you (for food) are: Al-Mayt ah (t he dead animals), blood, t he flesh of swine, and t hat which has been slaught ered as a sacrifice for ot her t han Allah, and t hat which has been killed by st rangling, or by a violent blow, or by a headlong fall, or by t he goring of horns and t hat which has been (part ly) eat en by a wild animal unless you are able t o slaught er it (before it s deat h) - and t hat which is sacrificed (slaught ered) on An-Nusub (st one alt ars). (Forbidden) also is t o make decisions wit h Al-Azlam (arrows) (all) t hat is Fisq (disobedience and sin). This day, t hose who disbelieved have given up all hope of your religion; so fear t hem not , but fear Me. This day, I have perfect ed your religion for you, complet ed My favor upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion. But as for him who is forced by severe hunger, wit h no inclinat ion t o sin (such can eat t hese above ment ioned animals), t hen surely, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

The Animals that are Unlawful to Eat Allah informs His servant s t hat He forbids consuming t he ment ioned t ypes of foods, such as t he Mayt ah, which is t he animal t hat dies before being properly slaught ered or hunt ed. Allah forbids t his t ype of food due t o t he harm it causes, because of t he blood t hat becomes clogged in t he veins of t he dead animal. Therefore, t he Mayt ah is harmful, religiously and physically, and t his is why Allah has prohibit ed it . The only except ion t o t his ruling is fish, for fish is allowed, even when dead, by slaught ering or ot herwise. Malik in his Muwat t a, also Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah in t heir Sunan, Ibn Khuzaymah and Ibn Hibban in t heir Sahihs, all recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah was asked about seawat er. He said,

«ヮ⊥わ∠わ∇Β∠ョ モ ぁエ ͡ ∇ャや ロ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰト ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ » (It s wat er is pure and it s dead are permissible.) The same ruling applies t o locust s, as proven in a Hadit h t hat we will ment ion lat er. Allah's st at ement ,

びュ∠ ギｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (blood...) This refers t o flowing blood, according t o Ibn ` Abbas and Sa` id bin Jubayr, and it is similar t o Allah's ot her st at ement ,

びゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ヘ∇ジョｚ ゅ⇔ョキ∠ ぴ (Blood poured fort h...) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas was asked about t he spleen and he said, "Eat it .'' They said, "It is blood.'' He said, "You are only prohibit ed blood t hat was poured fort h.'' Abu ` Abdullah, Muhammad bin Idris Ash-Shafi` i recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

マ ⊥ ヨ∠ ジ ｚ ャゅ∠プ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わわ∠ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ∩͡ラゅ∠ョキ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わわ∠ ∇Βョ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ｚモェ ͡ ぺ⊥» «メゅエ∠トャあや∠ヱ ギ⊥ ら͡ ム∠ ∇ャゅ∠プ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ョギｚ ャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥キやゲ∠ イ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (We were allowed t wo dead animals and t wo (kinds of) blood. As for t he t wo dead animals, t hey are fish and locust . As for t he t wo bloods, t hey are liver and spleen.) Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal, Ibn Maj ah, Ad-Daraqut ni and Al-Bayhaqi also recorded t his Hadit h t hrough ` AbdurRahman bin Zayd bin Aslam, who is a weak narrat or. Allah's st at ement ,

びゲ͡ Α͡ゴレ͡ガ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇エャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (t he flesh of swine...) includes domest icat ed and wild swine, and also refers t o t he whole animal, including it s fat , for t his is what t he Arabs mean by Lahm or ` flesh'. Muslim recorded t hat Buraydah bin Al-Husayb Al-Aslami said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ユ͡ ∇エャ∠ ヶ͡プ ロ⊥ ギ∠ Α∠ ヒ∠ ら∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ほ∠ム∠ プ∠ ∩͡ゲΒ͡セキ∠ ∇ゲレｚ ャゅ͡よ ょ ∠ バ͡ ャ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ヮョ͡ キ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ Α͡ゴ∇レガ ͡ ∇ャや (He who plays Nardshir (a game wit h dice t hat involves gambling) is j ust like t he one who put s his hand in t he flesh and blood of swine.) If t his is t he case wit h merely t ouching t he flesh and blood of swine, so what about eat ing and feeding on it This Hadit h is a proof t hat Lahm means t he ent ire body of t he animal, including it s fat . In is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゲ͡ Α͡ゴ∇レガ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ る͡ わ∠ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» «ュゅ∠レ∇タほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ (Allah made t he t rade of alcohol, dead animals, pigs and idols illegal.) The people asked, "O Allah's Messenger! What about t he fat of dead animals, for it was used for greasing t he boat s and t he hides; and people use it for lant erns'' He said,

«ュや∠ゲェ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∩ゅ∠ャ» (No, it is illegal.) In t he Sahih of Al-Bukhari, Abu Sufyan narrat ed t hat he said t o Heraclius, Emperor of Rome, "He (Muhammad) prohibit ed us from eat ing dead animals and blood.'' Allah said,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ャ͡ ｚモワ͡ ぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat which has been slaught ered as a sacrifice for ot her t han Allah.) Therefore, t he animals on which a name ot her t han Allah was ment ioned upon slaught ering it , is impermissible, because Allah made it necessary t o ment ion His Glorious Name upon slaught ering t he animals, which He creat ed. Whoever does not do so, ment ioning ot her t han Allah's Name, such as t he name of an idol, a false deit y or a monument , when slaught ering, he makes t his meat unlawful, according t o t he consensus. Allah's st at ement ,

びる⊥ ボ∠ レ͡ ガ ∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and t hat which has been killed by st rangling...) eit her int ent ionally or by mist ake, such as when an animal moves while rest rained and dies by st rangulat ion because of it s st ruggling, t his animal is also unlawful t o eat .

びり⊥ ク∠ ヲホ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (or by a violent blow...) This refers t o t he animal t hat is hit wit h a heavy obj ect unt il it dies. Ibn ` Abbas and several ot hers said it is t he animal t hat is hit wit h a st aff unt il it dies. Qat adah said, "The people of Jahiliyyah used t o st rike t he animal wit h st icks and when it died, t hey would eat it .'' It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat ` Adi bin Hat im said, "I asked, ` O Allah's Messenger! I use t he Mi` rad for hunt ing and cat ch game wit h it .' He replied,

∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∇ヤム⊥ プ∠ ベ∠ゴガ ∠ プ∠ チ ͡ や∠ゲ∇バヨ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ろ ∠ ∇Βョ∠ ケ∠ や∠クま͡» «ヮ∇ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∀グΒ͡ホ∠ヱ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み∠プ ヮ͡ ッ ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ よ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ (If t he game is hit by it s sharp edge, eat it . But , if it is hit by it s broad side, do not eat it , for it has been beat en t o deat h.) Therefore, t he Prophet made a dist inct ion bet ween killing t he animal wit h t he sharp edge of an arrow or a hunt ing st ick, and rendered it lawful, and what is killed by t he broad side of an obj ect , and rendered it unlawful because it was beat en t o deat h. There is a consensus among t he scholars of Fiqh on t his subj ect . rAs for t he animal t hat falls headlong from a high place and dies as a result , it is also prohibit ed. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat an animal t hat dies by a headlong fall, "Is t hat which falls from a mount ain.'' Qat adah said t hat it is t he animal t hat falls in a well. As-Suddi said t hat it is t he animal t hat falls from a mount ain or in a well. As for t he animal t hat dies by being gorged

by anot her animal, it is also prohibit ed, even if t he horn opens a flesh wound and it bleeds t o deat h from it s neck. Allah's st at ement ,

びノ⊥ ら⊥ ｚジャや モ ∠ ミ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat which has been (part ly) eat en by a wild animal,) refers t o t he animal t hat was at t acked by a lion, leopard, t iger, wolf or dog, t hen t he wild beast eat s a part of it and it dies because of t hat . This t ype is also prohibit ed, even if t he animal bled t o deat h from it s neck. There is also a consensus on t his ruling. During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, t he people used t o eat t he sheep, camel, or cow t hat were part ly eat en by a wild animal. Allah prohibit ed t his pract ice for t he believers. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βミｚ ク∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (unless you are able t o slaught er it ,) before it dies, due t o t he causes ment ioned above. This part of t he Ayah is connect ed t o,

べ∠ョヱ∠ る⊥ ∠エΒ͡トレｚ ャや∠ヱ る⊥ Α∠ キあ ゲ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ り⊥ ク∠ ヲ⊥ホ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ る⊥ ボ∠ レ͡ ガ ∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ びノ⊥ ら⊥ ｚジャや モ ∠ ミ∠ ぺ∠ (and t hat which has been killed by st rangling, or by a violent blow, or by a headlong fall, or by t he goring of horns - and t hat which has been (part ly) eat en by a wild animal.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βミｚ ク∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (unless you are able t o slaught er it , ) "Unless you are able t o slaught er t he animal in t he cases ment ioned in t he Ayah while it is st ill alive, t hen eat it , for it was properly slaught ered.'' Similar was report ed from Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and As-Suddi. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat ` Ali, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "If you are able t o slaught er t he animal t hat has been hit by a violent blow, or by a headlong fall, or by t he gorging of horns while it st ill moves a foot or a leg, t hen eat from it s meat .'' Similar was report ed from Tawus, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr, Ad-Dahhak and several ot hers, t hat if t he animal t hat is being slaught ered st ill moves, t hus demonst rat ing t hat it is st ill alive while slaught ering, t hen it is lawful. The Two Sahihs recorded t hat Rafi` bin Khadij said, "I asked, ` O Allah's Messenger! We fear t hat we may meet our enemy t omorrow and we have no knives, could we slaught er t he animals wit h reeds' The Prophet said,

ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ∩⊥ロヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ユ⊥ ∇シや ゲ∠ ミ͡ ク⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∠ュギｚ ャや ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ» リ ぁジ あ ャや ゅｚョ∠ぺ :マ ∠ ャ͡ク ∇リハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ を⊥ あギェ ∠ ほ⊥シ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ゲヘ⊥ ヌ ぁ ャや∠ヱ リ ｚジ あ ャや «る∠ゼら∠ エ ∠ ∇ャや ン∠ギヨ⊥ プ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ぁヌャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∀ユ∇ヌバ∠ プ∠ (You can use what makes blood flow and you can eat what is slaught ered wit h t he Name of Allah. But do not use t eet h or claws (in slaught ering). I will t ell you why, as for t eet h, t hey are bones, and claws are used by Et hiopians for slaught ering.)'' Allah said next ,

びょ ͡ ダ ⊥ レぁ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ウ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat which is sacrificed on An-Nusub. ) Nusub were st one alt ars t hat were erect ed around t he Ka` bah, as Muj ahid and Ibn Jurayj st at ed. Ibn Jurayj said, "There were t hree hundred and sixt y Nusub around t he Ka` bah t hat t he Arabs used t o slaught er in front of, during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah. They used t o sprinkle t he animals t hat came t o t he Ka` bah wit h t he blood of slaught ered animals, whose meat t hey cut t o pieces and placed on t he alt ars.'' Allah forbade t his pract ice for t he believers. He also forbade t hem from eat ing t he meat of animals t hat were slaught ered in t he vicinit y of t he Nusub, even if Allah's Name was ment ioned on t hese animals when t hey were slaught ered, because it is a t ype of Shirk t hat Allah and His Messenger have forbidden.

The Prohibition of Using Al-Azlam for Decision Making Allah said,

びュ͡ Ι ∠ ∇コΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨジ ͡ ∇ボわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ((Forbidden) also is t o make decisions wit h Al-Azlam) The Ayah commands, "O believers! You are forbidden t o use Al-Azlam (arrows) for decision making,'' which was a pract ice of t he Arabs during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah. They would use t hree arrows, one wit h t he word ` Do' writ t en on it , anot her t hat says ` Do not ', while t he t hird does not say anyt hing. Some of t hem would writ e on t he first arrow, ` My Lord commanded me,' and, ` My Lord forbade me,' on t he second arrow and t hey would not writ e anyt hing on t he t hird arrow. If t he blank arrow was picked, t he person would keep t rying unt il t he arrow t hat says do or do not was picked, and t he person would implement t he command t hat he picked. Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Azlam were arrows t hat t hey used t o seek decisions t hrough. Muhammad bin Ishaq and ot hers said t hat t he maj or idol of t he t ribe of Quraysh was Hubal, which was erect ed on t he t ip of a well inside t he Ka` bah, where gift s were present ed and where t he t reasure of t he Ka` bah was kept . There, t hey also had seven arrows t hat t hey would use t o seek a decision concerning mat t ers of disput e. What ever t he chosen arrow would t ell t hem, t hey would abide by it ! Al-Bukhari recorded t hat when t he Prophet ent ered Al-Ka` bah (aft er Makkah was conquered), he found pict ures of Ibrahim and Isma` il in it holding t he Azlam in t heir hands. The Prophet comment ed,

«や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ͡ ∇ボわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ やヲ⊥ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠ゎ∠ ゅ∠ホ» (May Allah fight t hem (t he idolat ers)! They know t hat t hey never used t he Azlam t o make decisions. ) Muj ahid comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びュ͡ Ι ∠ ∇コΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨジ ͡ ∇ボわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ((Forbidden) also is t o make decisions wit h Al-Azlam,) "These were arrows t hat t he Arabs used, and dice t hat t he Persians and Romans used in gambling.'' This st at ement by Muj ahid, t hat t hese arrows were used in gambling, is doubt ful unless we say t hat t hey used t he arrows for gambling somet imes and for decisions ot her t imes, and Allah knows best . We should also st at e t hat Allah ment ioned Azlam and gambling in His st at ement before t he end of t he Surah (5:90, 91),

ゲ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ へ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや モ ͡ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ザ∇ィ͡ケ ュ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇コΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ダルｘΙや∠ヱ ラ∠ぺ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プ ゲ͡ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ￢∠ べ∠ツ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ り∠ ヱ∠ や∠ギバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ノ∠ ホ͡ ヲ⊥Α り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ∇ユミ⊥ ｚギダ ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ジ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レぁョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ (O you who believe! Int oxicant s (all kinds of alcoholic drinks), and gambling, and Al-Ansab, and Al-Azlam are an abominat ion of Shayt an's handiwork. So avoid t hat in order t hat you may be successful. Shayt an want s only t o excit e enmit y and hat red bet ween you wit h int oxicant s (alcoholic drinks) and gambling, and hinder you from t he remembrance of Allah and from t he Salah (t he prayer). So, will you not t hen abst ain) In t his Ayah, Allah said,

び∀ペ∇ジ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ュ͡ Ι ∠ ∇コΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨジ ͡ ∇ボわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ((Forbidden) also is t o make decisions wit h Al-Azlam, (all) t hat is Fisq.) meaning, all t hese pract ices const it ut e disobedience, sin, misguidance, ignorance and, above all, Shirk. Allah has commanded t he believers t o seek decisions from Him when t hey want t o do somet hing, by first worshipping Him and t hen asking Him for t he best decision concerning t he mat t er t hey seek. Imam Ahmad, Al-Bukhari and t he collect ors of Sunan recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said, "The Prophet used t o t each us how t o make Ist ikharah (asking Allah t o guide one t o t he right act ion), in all mat t ers, as he t aught us t he Surahs of t he Qur'an. He said,

ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ バ∠ ∇ミケ∠ ∇ノミ∠ ∇ゲΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ユｚ ワ∠ や∠クま͡» ∩∠マ͡ヨ∇ヤ͡バ͡よ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ Β͡ガわ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや :∇モボ⊥ Β∠ ∇ャ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡るツ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや ∩͡ユΒ͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ⊥ほ∠∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠マゎ͡ ケ∠ ∇ギボ⊥ よ͡ ポ ∠ ケ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ボわ∠ ∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ ュ⊥ ゅｚヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ユヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ケ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ホぺ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ケ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ボゎ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ゲ∠ ョ⊥ ほ∠∇ャや や∠グワ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ ∇ラま͡ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩͡ゆヲ⊥Βピ⊥ ∇ャや ∠ヵゅ∠Β∇ルキ⊥ ∠ヱ ヶ͡レΑ͡キ ヶ͡プ ヶ͡ャ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮヨシゅよ ヮΒヨジΑヱ ヵ͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ モ ͡ィ ͡ ゅ∠ハ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヵ͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ る͡ ら∠ ホ͡ ゅ∠ハヱ ヶ͡セゅ∠バョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮΒ͡プ ヶ͡ャ ∇ポケ͡ ゅ∠よ ｚユを⊥ ∩ヶ͡ャ ロ⊥ ∇ゲジ あ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ャ ロ⊥ ∇ケギ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プ ヮ͡ ヤ͡ィ ͡ へ∠ヱ ∠ヵゅ∠Β∇ルキ⊥ ∠ヱ ヶ͡レΑ͡キ ヶ͡プ ヶ͡ャ ゲｘ セ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩⊥ヮ∇レハ ∠ ヶ͡レ∇プゲ͡ ∇タゅ∠プ ∩ヵ͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ る͡ ら∠ ホ͡ ゅ∠ハヱ∠ ヶ͡セゅ∠バョ∠ ヱ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠ラゅ∠ミ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ ャ͡ ∇ケギ⊥ ∇ホや∠ヱ ∩ヶあレハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇プゲ͡ ∇タや∠ヱ «ヮ͡よ ヶ͡レッ あ ケ∠ (If anyone of you t hinks of doing any mat t er, he should offer a t wo Rak'ah prayer, ot her t han t he compulsory, and say (aft er t he prayer) ` O Allah! I ask guidance from Your knowledge, from Your abilit y and I ask for Your great bount y, for You are capable and I am not , You know and I do not , and You know t he Unseen. O Allah! If You know t hat t his mat t er (and one should ment ion t he mat t er or deed here) is good for my religion, my livelihood and t he Hereaft er (or he said, ` for my present and lat er needs') t hen ordain it for me, make it easy for me t o have, and t hen bless it for me. O Allah! And if You know t hat t his is harmful t o me in my religion and livelihood and for t he Hereaft er t hen keep it away from me and let me be away from it . And ordain what ever is good for me, and make me sat isfied wit h it .') This is t he wording collect ed by Ahmad, and At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih Gharib.''

Shaytan and the Disbelievers Do Not Hope that Muslims Will Ever Follow Them Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ Α͡キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ザ ∠ ゃ͡ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャやぴ (This day, t hose who disbelieved have given up all hope of your religion;) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah means, "They gave up hope t hat Muslims would revert t o t heir religion.'' This is similar t o t he saying of ` At a' bin Abi Rabah, As-Suddi and Muqat il bin Hayyan. This meaning is support ed by a Hadit h recorded in t he Sahih t hat st at es,

ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲぁヤダ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ロ⊥ ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ザ ∠ ゃ͡ Α∠ ∇ギホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» «ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ズ ͡ Α͡ゲ∇エわｚ ャゅ͡よ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ ∩ゆ ͡ ゲ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや り͡ ゲ∠ Α͡ゴィ ∠ (Verily, Shayt an has given up hope t hat t hose who pray in t he Arabian Peninsula, will worship him. But he will st ill st ir t rouble among t hem.) It is also possible t hat t he Ayah negat es t he possibilit y t hat t he disbelievers and Shayt an will ever be like Muslims, since Muslims have various qualit ies t hat cont radict Shirk and it s people. This is why Allah commanded His believing servant s t o observe pat ience, t o be st eadfast in defying and cont radict ing t he disbelievers, and t o fear none but Allah. Allah said,

びラ ͡ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇カや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So fear t hem not , but fear Me.) meaning, ` do not fear t hem when you cont radict t hem. Rat her, fear Me and I will give you vict ory over t hem, I will eradicat e t hem, and make you prevail over t hem, I will please your heart s and raise you above t hem in t his life and t he Hereaft er.'

Islam Has Been Perfected For Muslims Allah said,

ヴ͡わヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヨ∠ ∇ゎぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャやぴ びゅ⇔レΑ͡キ ュ∠ Κ ∠ ∇シΕ ͡ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ッケ∠ ヱ∠ (This day, I have perfect ed your religion for you, complet ed My favor upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion.) This, indeed, is t he biggest favor from Allah t o t his Ummah, for He has complet ed t heir religion for t hem, and t hey, t hus, do not need any ot her religion or any ot her Prophet except Muhammad . This is why Allah made Muhammad t he Final Prophet and sent him t o all humans and Jinn. Therefore, t he permissible is what he allows, t he impermissible is what he prohibit s, t he Law is what he legislat es and everyt hing t hat he conveys is t rue and aut hent ic and does not cont ain lies or cont radict ions. Allah said;

びΙ ⇔ ∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ホ∇ギタ ͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろヨｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he Word of your Lord has been fulfilled in t rut h and in j ust ice,) meaning, it is t rue in what it conveys and j ust in what it commands and forbids. When Allah complet ed t he religion for Muslims, His favor became complet e for t hem as well. Allah said,

ヴ͡わヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヨ∠ ∇ゎぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャやぴ びゅ⇔レΑ͡キ ュ∠ Κ ∠ ∇シΕ ͡ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ッケ∠ ヱ∠ (This day, I have perfect ed your religion for you, complet ed My favor upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion.) meaning, accept Islam for yourselves, for it is t he religion t hat Allah likes and which He chose for you, and it is t hat wit h which He sent t he best of t he honorable Messengers and t he most glorious of His Books. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Harun bin ` Ant arah said t hat his fat her said, "When t he Ayah,

び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャやぴ (This day, I have perfect ed your religion for you...) was revealed, during t he great day of Haj j (t he Day of ` Arafah, t he nint h day of Dhul-Hij j ah) ` Umar cried. The Prophet said, ` What makes you cry' He said, ` What made me cry is t hat our religion is being perfect ed for us. Now it is perfect , not hing is perfect , but it is bound t o det eriorat e.' The Prophet said,

«ろ∇ホギ∠ タ ∠ » (You have said t he t rut h.)'' What support s t he meaning of t his Hadit h is t he aut hent ic Hadit h,

ヴ∠よヲ⊥トプ∠ ∩ゅ⇔らΑ͡ゲビ ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥バΒ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔らΑ͡ゲビ ∠ ぺ∠ギ∠ よ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» «￢ゅ∠よゲ∠ ピ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ (Islam was st range in it s beginning and will ret urn st range once more. Therefore, Tuba for t he st rangers.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Tariq bin Shihab said, "A Jewish man said t o ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab, ` O Leader of t he Believers! There is a verse in your Book, which is read by all of you (Muslims), and had it been revealed t o us, we would have t aken t hat day (on which it was revealed) as a day of celebrat ion.' ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab asked, ` Which is t hat verse' The Jew replied, s

びヴ͡わヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヨ∠ ∇ゎぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャやぴ

(This day, I have perfect ed your religion for you, complet ed My favor upon you...) ` Umar replied, ` By Allah! I know when and where t his verse was revealed t o Allah's Messenger . It was t he evening on t he Day of ` Arafah on a Friday.''' Al-Bukhari recorded t his Hadit h t hrough AlHasan bin As-Sabbah from Ja` far bin ` Awn. Muslim, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i also recorded t his Hadit h. In t he narrat ion collect ed by Al-Bukhari in t he book of Tafsir, t hrough Tariq, he said, "The Jews said t o ` Umar, ` By Allah! There is a verse t hat is read by all of you (Muslims), and had it been revealed t o us, we would have t aken t hat day (on which it was revealed) as a day of celebrat ion.' ` Umar said, ` By Allah! I know when and where t his verse was revealed and where t he Messenger of Allah was at t hat t ime. It was t he day of ` Arafah, and I was at ` Arafah, by Allah.'' Sufyan (one of t he narrat ors) doubt ed if Friday was ment ioned in t his narrat ion. Sufyan's confusion was eit her because he was unsure if his t eacher included t his st at ement in t he Hadit h or not . Ot herwise, if it was because he doubt ed t hat t he part icular day during t he Farewell Haj j was a Friday, it would be a mist ake t hat could not and should not have come from someone like Sufyan At h-Thawri. The fact t hat it was a Friday, is agreed on by t he scholars of Sirah and Fiqh. There are numerous Hadit hs t hat support t his fact t hat are definit ely aut hent ic and of t he Mut awat ir t ype. This Hadit h was also report ed from ` Umar t hrough various chains of narrat ion.

Permitting the Dead Animals in Conditions of Necessity Allah said,

ユ∃ ∇をΗ ͡ ブ ∃ ル͡ ゅ∠イわ∠ ョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ る∃ ダ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ガョ∠ ヴ͡プ ｚゲト ⊥ ∇ッや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ (But as for him who is forced by severe hunger, wit h no inclinat ion t o sin (such can eat t hese above ment ioned animals), t hen surely, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) Therefore, when one is forced t o t ake any of t he impermissible t hings t hat Allah ment ioned t o meet a necessit y, he is allowed and Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful wit h him. Allah is well aware of His servant 's needs during dire st rait s, and He will forgive and pardon His servant in t his case. In t he Musnad and t he Sahih of Ibn Hibban, it is recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat Messenger of Allah said,

∇ラぺ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ダ ∠ ∇カケ⊥ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま» «ヮ⊥わΒ∠ ダ ͡ ∇バョ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥ (Allah likes t hat His Rukhsah (allowance) be used, j ust as He dislikes t hat disobedience t o Him is commit t ed.) We should ment ion here t hat it is not necessary for one t o wait t hree days before eat ing t he meat of dead animals, as many unlet t ered Muslims mist akenly t hink. Rat her, one can eat such meat when t he dire need arises. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Waqid AlLayt hi said t hat t he Companions asked, "O Messenger of Allah! We live in a land where famine oft en st rikes us. Therefore, when are we allowed t o eat t he meat of dead animals'' The Prophet replied,

ゅ⇔ヤ∇ボよ∠ やヲ⊥ゃヘ͡ わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∩やヲ⊥ボら͡ わ∠ ∇ピゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∩やヲ⊥エら͡ ト ∠ ∇ダゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ や∠クま͡» «ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ル⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ プ∠ (When you neit her find food for lunch and dinner nor have any produce t o eat , t hen eat from it .) Only Imam Ahmad collect ed t his narrat ion and it s chain meet s t he crit eria of t he Two Sahihs. Allah said,

びユ∃ ∇をΗ ͡ ブ ∃ ル͡ ゅ∠イわ∠ ョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ぴ (wit h no inclinat ion t o sin,) meaning, one does not incline t o commit what Allah has prohibit ed. Allah has allowed one when necessit y arises t o eat from what He ot herwise prohibit s, under t he condit ion t hat his heart does not incline t o eat what Allah prohibit ed. Allah said in Surat AlBaqarah,

ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ∠ ∇をま͡ Κ ∠ プ∠ キ∃ ゅ∠ハ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ パ ∃ ゅ∠よ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ｚゲト ⊥ ∇ッや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや (But if one is forced by necessit y wit hout willful disobedience nor t ransgressing due limit s, t hen t here is no sin on him. Truly, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) Some scholars used t his Ayah as evidence t hat t hose who t ravel for t he purpose of commit t ing an act of disobedience are not allowed t o use any of t he legal concessions of t ravel, because t hese concessions are not earned t hrough sin, and Allah knows best .

ろ ⊥ ⇒∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ｚモェ ͡ ぺ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ｚモェ ͡ ぺ⊥ へ∠クゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジΑ∠ ぴ ゅｚヨョ͡ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤあバ∠ ゎ⊥ ∠リΒ͡らヤあ∠ムョ⊥ ゥ ͡ ケ͡ や∠ヲイ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤｚハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ∠ ∇ムジ ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ べｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ヨ∠ ｚヤハ ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ∠ ∇シや び (4. They ask you what is lawf ul for t hem. Say: "Lawful unt o you are At -Tayyibat (t he good t hings). And t hose Jawarih (beast s and birds of prey) which you have t rained as hounds, t raining and t eaching t hem (t o cat ch) in t he manner as direct ed t o you by Allah; so eat of what t hey cat ch for you, but pronounce t he Name of Allah over it , and have Taqwa of Allah. Verily, Allah is swift in reckoning.'')

Clarifying the Lawful In t he previous Ayah Allah ment ioned t he prohibit ed t ypes of food, t he impure and unclean t hings, harmful for t hose who eat t hem, eit her t o t heir bodies, religion or bot h, except out of necessit y,

∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ケゲ͡ ト ⊥ ∇ッや ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ムャ∠ モ ∠ダ ｚ プ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ (while He has explained t o you in det ail what is forbidden t o you, except under compulsion of necessit y) Aft er t hat , Allah said,

びろ ⊥ ⇒∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ｚェ ͡ ぺ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ｚモェ ͡ ぺ⊥ へ∠クゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジΑ∠ ぴ (They ask you what is lawful for t hem. Say, "Lawful unt o you are At -Tayyibat ...'') In Surat AlA` raf Allah describes Muhammad allowing t he good t hings and prohibit ing t he filt hy t hings. Muqat il said, "At -Tayyibat includes everyt hing Muslims are allowed and t he various t ypes of legally earned provision.'' Az-Zuhri was once asked about drinking urine for medicinal purposes and he said t hat it is not a t ype of Tayyibat .'' Ibn Abi Hat im also narrat ed t his st at ement . Using Jawarih t o Hunt Game is Permissible Allah said,

び∠リΒ͡らヤあ∠ムョ⊥ ゥ ͡ ケ͡ や∠ヲイ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤｚハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t hose Jawarih (beast s and birds of prey) which you have t rained as hounds...) That is, lawful for you are t he animals slaught ered in Allah's Name, and t he good t hings for sust enance. The game you cat ch wit h t he Jawarih are also lawful for you. This refers t o t rained dogs and falcons, as is t he opinion of t he maj orit y of t he Companions, t heir followers, and t he Imams. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

び∠リΒ͡らヤあ∠ムョ⊥ ゥ ͡ ケ͡ や∠ヲイ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤｚハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t hose Jawarih (beast s and birds of prey) which you have t rained as hounds...) refers t o t rained hunt ing dogs, falcons and all t ypes of birds and beast s t hat are t rained t o hunt , including dogs, wild cat s, falcons, and so fort h. Ibn Abi Hat im collect ed t his and said, "Similar was report ed from Khayt hamah, Tawus, Muj ahid, Makhul and Yahya bin Abi Kat hir.'' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said, "You are permit t ed t he animal t hat t he t rained birds, such as falcons, hunt for you if you cat ch it (before it eat s from it ). Ot herwise, do not eat from it .'' I say, t he maj orit y of scholars say t hat hunt ing wit h t rained birds is j ust like hunt ing wit h t rained dogs, because bird's of prey cat ch t he game wit h t heir claws, j ust like dogs. Therefore, t here is no difference bet ween t he t wo. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat ` Adi bin Hat im said t hat he asked t he Messenger of Allah about t he game t hat t he falcon hunt s and t he Messenger said,

«モ⊥ムプ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (What ever it cat ches for you, eat from it .) These carnivores t hat are t rained t o cat ch game are called Jawarih in Arabic, a word t hat is derived from Jarh, meaning, what one earns. The Arabs would say, "So-and-so has Jaraha somet hing good for his family,'' meaning, he has earned t hem somet hing good. The Arabs would say, "So-and-so does not have a Jarih for him,'' meaning, a caret aker. Allah also said,

びケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥わ∇ェゲ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He knows what you have done during t he day...) meaning, t he good or evil you have earned or commit t ed. Allah's st at ement ,

び∠リΒ͡らヤあ∠ムョ⊥ ぴ (t rained as hounds,) t hose Jawarih t hat have been t rained t o hunt as hounds wit h t heir claws or t alons. Therefore, if t he game is killed by t he weight of it s blow, not wit h it s claws, t hen we are not allowed t o eat from t he game. Allah said,

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ヨ∠ ｚヤハ ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ∠ルヲ⊥ヨヤあ∠バゎ⊥ ぴ (t raining t hem in t he manner as direct ed t o you by Allah, ) as when t he beast is sent , it goes aft er t he game, and when it cat ches it , it keeps it unt il it s owner arrives and does not cat ch it t o eat it it self. This is why Allah said here,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ∠ ∇シや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ∠ ∇ムジ ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ べｚヨ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (so eat of what t hey cat ch for you, but pronounce t he Name of Allah over it ,) When t he beast is t rained, and it cat ches t he game for it s owner who ment ioned Allah's Name when he sent t he beast aft er t he game, t hen t his game is allowed according t o t he consensus of scholars, even if it was killed. There are Hadit hs in t he Sunnah t hat support t his st at ement . The Two Sahihs recorded t hat ` Adi bin Hat im said, "I said, ` O Allah's Messenger! I send hunt ing dogs and ment ion Allah's Name.' He replied,

∇モム⊥ プ∠ ぶ ͡ や ユ∠ ∇シや れ ∠ ∇ゲミ∠ ク∠ ヱ∠ ユ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ら∠ ∇ヤミ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ や∠クま͡» «マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ

(If, wit h ment ioning Allah's Name, you let loose your t amed dog aft er a game and it cat ches it , you may eat what it cat ches.) I said, ` Even if it kills t he game' He replied,

マ ∠ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ∀ょ∇ヤ∠ミ ゅ∠ヰ∇ミ∠ゲ∇ゼ∠Α ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩∠リ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ » «ロ͡ゲ∇Βビ ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ あユジ ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ら͡ ∇ヤミ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ろ ∠ ∇Βヨｚ シ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ (Even if it kills t he game, unless anot her dog j oins t he hunt , for you ment ioned Allah's Name when sending your dog, but not t he ot her dog.) I said, ` I also use t he Mi` rad and cat ch game wit h it .' He replied,

∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∇ヤム⊥ プ∠ ベ ∠ ゴ∠ガプ∠ チ ͡ や∠ゲ∇バヨ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ろ ∠ ∇Βョ∠ ケ∠ や∠クま͡» «ヮ∇ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∀グΒ͡ホ∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ チ ∃ ∇ゲバ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ (If t he game is hit by it s sharp edge, eat it , but if it is hit by it s broad side, do not eat it , for it has been beat en t o deat h.) In anot her narrat ion, t he Prophet said,

マ ∠ ジ ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ぶや ユ∠ ∇シや ゲ͡ ミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プ マ ∠ ら∠ ∇ヤミ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ» モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ミケ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮエ ⊥ よ∠ ∇クゅ∠プ ゅ６Β∠ェ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ミケ∠ ∇キほ∠プ∠ ∩∠マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ «ヮ⊥ゎゅ∠ミク∠ ょ ͡ ∇ヤム∠ ∇ャや グ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∇ヤム⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇モミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ (If you send your hunt ing dog, t hen ment ion Allah's Name and what ever it cat ches for you and you find alive, slaught er it . If you cat ch t he game dead and t he dog did not eat from it , t hen eat from it , for t he dog has caused it s slaught er t o be fulfilled.) In yet anot her narrat ion of t wo Sahihs, t he Prophet said,

マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヶあルみ͡プ∠ ∩∇モミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ モ ∠ ミ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ » «ヮ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヴヤ∠ハ (If t he dog eat s from t he game, do not eat from it for I fear t hat it has caught it as prey for it self.)

Mention Allah's Name Upon Sending the Predators to Catch the Game Allah said,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ∠ ∇シや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ∠ ∇ムジ ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ べｚヨ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (so eat of what t hey cat ch for you, but pronounce t he Name of Allah over it ,) meaning, upon sending it . The Prophet said t o ` Adi bin Hat im,

∩͡ぶや ユ∠ ∇シや れ ∠ ∇ゲミ∠ ク∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ユヤｚバ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ら∠ ∇ヤミ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤシ ∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡» «マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇モム⊥ プ∠ (When you send your t rained dog and ment ion Allah's Name, eat from what it cat ches for you.) It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Abu Tha` labah relat ed t hat t he Prophet said,

ろ ∠ ∇Βョ∠ ケ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶや ユ∠ ∇シや ゲ͡ ミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プ マ ∠ ら∠ ∇ヤミ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ や∠クま͡» «ぶや ユ∠ ∇シや ゲ͡ ミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プ マ ∠ ヨ͡ ∇ヰジ ∠ よ͡ (If you send your hunt ing dog, ment ion Allah's Name over it . If you shoot an arrow, ment ion Allah's Name over it .) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed,

びヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ∠ ∇シや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ (but pronounce t he Name of Allah over it ,) "When you send a beast of prey, say, ` In t he Name of Allah!' If you forget , t hen t here is no harm.'' It was also report ed t hat t his Ayah commands ment ioning Allah's Name upon eat ing. It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat t he Messenger of Allah t aught his st epson ` Umar bin Abu Salamah saying,

«マΒ͡ヤΑ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇モミ⊥ ヱ∠ マ ∠ レ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ ∇モミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぶ ∠ や ユあ シ ∠» (Ment ion Allah's Name, eat wit h your right hand and eat from t he part of t he plat e t hat is in front of you.) Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "They asked, ` O Allah's Messenger! Some people, - recent ly convert ed from disbelief - bring us some meat s t hat we do not know if Allah's Name was ment ioned over or not .' He replied,

«やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ぶ ∠ や やヲぁヨシ ∠» (Ment ion Allah's Name on it and eat from it .)''

∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ュ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ｚモェ ͡ ぺ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャやぴ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レダ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ モ ｘェ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ョ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ モ ｘェ ͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レダ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ｚリワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ へ∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ラ ∃ や∠ギ∇カぺ∠ ン͡グガ ͡ わｚ ョ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡エプ͡ ゅ∠ジョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レダ ͡ ∇エョ⊥ ヴ͡プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ テ ∠ ら͡ ェ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηゅ͡よ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや (5. Made lawful t o you t his day are At -Tayyibat . The food of t he People of t he Script ure is lawful t o you, and your food is lawful t o t hem. (Lawful t o you in marriage) are chast e women from t he believers and chast e women from t hose who were given t he Script ure before your t ime when you have given t hem t heir due, desiring chast it y, not illegal sexual int ercourse, nor t aking t hem as girlfriends (or lovers). And whosoever rej ect s fait h, t hen fruit less is his work; and in t he Hereaft er he will be among t he losers.)

Permitting the Slaughtered Animals of the People of the Book Aft er Allah ment ioned t he filt hy t hings t hat He prohibit ed for His believing servant s and t he good t hings t hat He allowed for t hem, He said next ,

びろ ⊥ ⇒∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ｚモェ ͡ ぺ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャやぴ (Made lawful t o you t his day are At -Tayyibat .) Allah t hen ment ioned t he ruling concerning t he slaught ered animals of t he People of t he Book, t he Jews and Christ ians,

び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ モ ｘェ ͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ュ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (The food of t he People of t he Script ure is lawful t o you..) meaning, t heir slaught ered animals, as Ibn ` Abbas, Abu Umamah, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Ikrimah, ` At a', Al-Hasan, Makhul, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, As-Suddi and Muqat il bin Hayyan st at ed. This ruling, t hat t he slaught ered animals of t he People of t he Book are permissible for Muslims, is agreed on by t he scholars, because t he People of t he Book believe t hat slaught ering for ot her t han Allah is prohibit ed. They ment ion Allah's Name upon slaught ering t heir animals, even t hough t hey have deviant beliefs about Allah t hat do not befit His maj est y. It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat ` Abdullah bin Mughaffal said, "While we were at t acking t he fort of Khaybar, a person t hrew a leat her bag cont aining fat , and I ran t o t ake it and said, ` I will not give anyone anyt hing from t his

cont ainer t oday.' But when I t urned I saw t he Prophet (st anding behind) while smiling.'' The scholars rely on t his Hadit h as evidence t hat we are allowed t o eat what we need of foods from t he boot y before it is divided. The scholars of t he Hanafi, t he Shafi` i and t he Hanbali Madhhabs rely on t his Hadit h t o allow eat ing part s of t he slaught ered animals of t he Jews t hat t hey prohibit for t hemselves, such as t he fat . They used t his Hadit h as evidence against t he scholars of t he Maliki Madhhab who disagreed wit h t his ruling. A bet t er proof is t he Hadit h recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he people of Khaybar gave t he Prophet a gift of a roast ed leg of sheep, which t hey poisoned. The Prophet used t o like eat ing t he leg of t he sheep and he t ook a bit e from it , but it t old t he Prophet t hat it was poisoned, so he discarded t hat bit e. The bit e t hat t he Prophet t ook effect ed t he palat e of his mout h, while Bishr bin Al-Bara' bin Ma` rur died from eat ing from t hat sheep. The Prophet had t he Jewish woman, Zaynab, who poisoned t he sheep, killed. Therefore, t he Prophet and his Companions want ed t o eat from t hat sheep and did not ask t he Jews if t hey removed what t he Jews believed was prohibit ed for t hem, such as it s fat . Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ モ ｘェ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ョ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and your food is lawful t o t hem.) means, you are allowed t o feed t hem from your slaught ered animals. Therefore, t his part of t he Ayah is not t o inform t he People of t he Script ures t hat t hey are allowed t o eat our food -- unless we consider it informat ion for us about t he ruling t hat t hey have -- i. e, t hat t hey are allowed all t ypes of foods over which Allah's Name was ment ioned, whet her slaught ered according t o t heir religion or ot herwise. The first explanat ion is more plausible. So it means: you are allowed t o feed t hem from your slaught ered animals j ust as you are allowed t o eat from t heirs, as equal compensat ion and fair t reat ment . The Prophet gave his robe t o ` Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul, who was wrapped wit h it when he died. They say t hat he did t hat because ` Abdullah had given his robe t o Al-` Abbas when Al-` Abbas came t o Al-Madinah. As for t he Hadit h,

ゅｚャま͡ マ ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ∇モミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ゅｚャま͡ ∇ょエ ∠ ∇ダゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ヶ͡ボゎ∠ (Do not befriend but a believer, nor should ot her t han a Taqi (pious person) eat your food.), This is t o encourage such behavior, and Allah knows best .

The Permission to Marry Chaste Women From the People of the Scriptures Allah said,

びろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レダ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ

((Lawful t o you in marriage) are chast e women from t he believers) The Ayah st at es: you are allowed t o marry free, chast e believing women. This Ayah is t alking about women who do not commit fornicat ion, as evident by t he word ` chast e'. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

びラ ∃ や∠ギ∇カぺ∠ れ ͡ や∠グガ ͡ わｚ ョ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠エヘ͡ ⇒∠ジョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ろ⇒∠レダ ∠ ∇エョ⊥ ぴ (Desiring chast it y not commit t ing illegal sexual int ercourse, nor t aking t hem as boyfriends (lovers).) 4:25 ` Abdullah Ibn ` Umar used t o advise against marrying Christ ian women saying, "I do not know of a worse case of Shirk t han her saying t hat ` Isa is her lord, while Allah said,

びｚリョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥エム͡ ∇レゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And do not marry idolat resses t ill t hey believe.)'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Malik AlGhifari said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat when t his Ayah was revealed,

びｚリョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥エム͡ ∇レゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And do not marry idolat resses t ill t hey believe,) t he people did not marry t he pagan women. When t he following Ayah was revealed,

び∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲゎ⊥ ヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レダ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ ((Lawful t o you in marriage) are chast e women from t he believers and chast e women from t hose who were given t he Script ure before your t ime) t hey married women from t he People of t he Book. '' Some of t he Companions married Christ ian women and did not see any problem in t his, relying on t he honorable Ayah,

び∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レダ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ ((Lawful t o you in marriage) are chast e women from t hose who were given t he Script ure before your t ime) Therefore, t hey made t his Ayah an except ion t o t he Ayah in Surat Al-Baqarah,

びｚリョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥エム͡ ∇レゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And do not marry t he idolat resses t ill t hey believe,) considering t he lat t er Ayah t o include t he People of t he Book in it s general meaning. Ot herwise, t here is no cont radict ion here, since t he People of t he Book were ment ioned alone when ment ioning t he rest of t he idolat ors. Allah said,

ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ͡ ム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぴ び る⊥ レ∠ Βあら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ヴわｚ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Βあムヘ∠ レ⊥ョ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ (Those who disbelieve from among t he People of t he Script ure and t he idolat ors, were not going t o leave (t heir disbelief) unt il t here came t o t hem clear evidence.) and,

∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠￢∠ リ ∠ ΒあΒョあ Ι ｙ や∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇やヱ∠ギわ∠ ∇ワや ギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ (And say t o t hose who were given t he Script ure and t o t hose who are illit erat es: "Do you (also) submit yourselves'' If t hey do, t hey are right ly guided.) Allah said next ,

びｚリワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ へ∠クま͡ぴ (When you have given t hem t heir due), This refers t o t he Mahr, so j ust as t hese women are chast e and honorable, t hen give t hem t heir Mahr wit h a good heart . We should ment ion here t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah, ` Amir Ash-Sha` bi, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i and Al-Hasan Al-Basri st at ed t hat when a man marries a woman and she commit s illegal sexual int ercourse before t he marriage is consummat ed, t he marriage is annulled. In t his case, she gives back t he Mahr t hat he paid her. Allah said,

びラ ∃ や∠ギ∇カぺ∠ ン͡グガ ͡ わｚ ョ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡エプ͡ ゅ∠ジョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レダ ͡ ∇エョ⊥ ぴ (Desiring chast it y, not illegal sexual int ercourse, nor t aking t hem as girl-friends (or lovers).) And j ust as women must be chast e and avoid illegal sexual act ivit y, such is t he case wit h men, who must also be chast e and honorable. Therefore, Allah said,

びリ ∠ Β͡エプ͡ ゅ∠ジョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ぴ (...not illegal sexual int ercourse') as adult erous people do, t hose who do not avoid sin, nor rej ect adult ery wit h whomever offers it t o t hem.

びラ ∃ や∠ギ∇カぺ∠ ン͡グガ ͡ わｚ ョ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor t aking t hem as girl-friends (or lovers),) meaning t hose who have mist resses and girlfriends who commit illegal sexual int ercourse wit h t hem, as we ment ioned in t he explanat ion of Surat An-Nisa'.

り͡ ヲヤｚダャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨホ⊥ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ ペ ͡ プ͡ や∠ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇やヲヤ⊥ジ ͡ ∇ビゅプ ラ͡まヱ∠ ͡リΒ∠ら∇バ∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ シ ͡ ヱ⊥ぼゲ⊥ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥エジ ∠ ∇ョや∠ヱ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲョｚ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヰｚ デ ｚ ゅ∠プ ゅ⇔ら⊥レィ ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ジヨ∠ ⇒∠ャ ∇ヱぺ∠ テ ͡ も͡ ゅ∠ピ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ム∇レョあ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ヘ∠ シ ∠ ゅ⇔ らあΒデ ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡バタ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヨｚ Β∠ わ∠ プ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ￢∠ べジ ∠ レあ ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヲ⊥ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥エジ ∠ ∇ョゅ∠プ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ヰあ ト ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ァ ∃ ゲ∠ ェ ∠ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ユｚ わ͡ Β⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ (6. O you who believe! When you st and (int end) t o offer t he Salah (t he prayer), t hen wash your faces and your hands (forearms) up t o t he elbows, rub (by passing wet hands over) your heads, and (wash) your feet up t o t he ankles. If you are in a st at e of Janaba, purify yourselves (bat he your whole body). But if you are ill or on a j ourney or any of you comes from t he Gha'it (t oilet ) or you have t ouched women and you find no wat er, t hen perform Tayammum wit h clean eart h and rub t herewit h your faces and hands. Allah does not want t o place you in difficult y, but He want s t o purify you, and t o complet e His Favor t o you t hat you may be t hankful.)

The Order to PerformWud ®363 Allah said,

びり͡ ヲヤｚダャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨホ⊥ や∠クま͡ぴ (When you st and for (int end t o offer) t he Salah,) Allah commanded performing Wudu' for t he prayer. This is a command of obligat ion in t he case of impurit y, and in t he case of purit y, it is merely a recommendat ion. It was said t hat in t he beginning of Islam, Muslims had t o perform Wudu' for every prayer, but lat er on, t his ruling was abrogat ed. Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal recorded t hat Sulayman bin Buraydah said t hat his fat her said, "The Prophet used t o perform Wudu' before every prayer. On t he Day of Vict ory, he performed Wudu' and wiped on his Khuffs and prayed t he five prayers wit h one Wudu'. ` Umar said t o him, ` O Messenger of Allah! You did somet hing new t hat you never did before.' The Prophet said,

«ゲヨハ ゅΑ ヮわヤバプ やギヨハ ヶルま» (` I did t hat int ent ionally O ` Umar!)''' Muslim and t he collect ors of t he Sunan also recorded t his Hadit h. At -Tirmidhi said,"Hasan Sahih.'' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Al-Fadl bin Al-Mubashshir said, "I saw Jabir bin ` Abdullah perform several prayers wit h only one Wudu'. When he would answer t he call of nat ure, he performed Wudu' and wiped t he t op of his Khuffs wit h his wet hand. I said, ` O Abu ` Abdullah! Do you do t his according t o your own opinion' He said, ` Rat her, I saw t he Prophet do t he same t hing. So, I do what I saw t he Messenger of Allah doing.''' Ibn Maj ah also recorded t his Hadit h. Ahmad recorded t hat ` Ubaydullah bin ` Abdullah bin ` Umar was asked; "Did you see ` Abdullah bin ` Umar perform Wudu' for every prayer, whet her he was in a st at e of purit y or not ,'' So he replied, "Asma' bint Zayd bin Al-Khat t ab t old him t hat ` Abdullah bin Hanzalah bin Abi ` Amir Al-Ghasil t old her t hat t he Messenger of Allah was earlier commanded t o perform Wudu' for every prayer, whet her he needed it or not . When t hat became hard on him, he was commanded t o use Siwak for every prayer, and t o perform Wudu' when Hadat h (impurit y) occurs. ` Abdullah (Ibn ` Umar) t hought t hat he was able t o do t hat (perform Wudu' for every prayer) and he kept doing t hat unt il he died.'' Abu Dawud also collect ed t his narrat ion. This pract ice by Ibn ` Umar demonst rat es t hat it is encouraged, not obligat ory, t o perform Wudu' for every prayer, and t his is also t he opinion of t he maj orit y of scholars. Abu Dawud recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas said t hat when t he Messenger of Allah once left t he area where he answered t he call of nat ure, he was brought somet hing t o eat . They said, "Should we bring you your wat er for Wudu'' He said,

«りゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨホ⊥ や∠クま͡ ￢͡ ヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま» (I was commanded t o perform Wudu' when I st and up for prayer.) At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i also recorded t his Hadit h and At -Tirmidhi said, "This Hadit h is Hasan.'' Muslim recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "We were wit h t he Prophet when he went t o answer t he call of nat ure and when he came back, he was brought some food. He was asked, ` O Messenger of Allah! Do you want t o perform Wudu'' He said,

«ほｚッヲ∠ ゎ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ヶ͡ヤタ ∠ ぺ⊥ぺ∠ ∨∠ユャ͡» (` Why Am I about t o pray so t hat I have t o make Wudu'.)'''

The Intention and Mentioning Allah's Name for Wud ®363 Allah said;

び∇ユム⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤジ ͡ ∇ビゅプぴ (t hen wash your faces...) The obligat ion for t he int ent ion before Wudu' is proven by t his Ayah;

び∇ユム⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤジ ͡ ∇ビゅプ り͡ ヲヤｚダャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨホ⊥ や∠クま͡ぴ

(When you st and (int end) t o offer t he Salah t hen wash your faces...) This is because it is j ust like t he Arabs saying; "When you see t he leader, t hen st and.'' Meaning st and for him. And t he Two Sahihs recorded t he Hadit h,

«ン∠ヲル∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや あモム⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ れ ͡ ゅｚΒ⇒⇒あレャゅ͡よ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇ハほ∠∇ャや» (Act ions are j udged by t heir int ent ions, and each person will earn what he int ended.) It is also recommended before washing t he face t hat one ment ions Allah's Name for t he Wudu'. A Hadit h t hat was narrat ed by several Companions st at es t hat t he Prophet said, n

«ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ユ∠ ∇シや ゲ͡ ミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ￢∠ ヲ∇ッヱ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» (There is no Wudu' for he who does not ment ion Allah's Name over it .) It is also recommended t hat one washes his hands before he put s his hands in t he vessel of wat er, especially aft er one wakes up from sleep, for t he Two Sahihs recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヶ͡プ ロ⊥ ギ∠ Α∠ ∇モカ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲル∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ナ ∠ ボ∠ ∇Βわ∠ ∇シや や∠クま͡» ヵ͡ケ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ジ ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ルみ͡∇ャや «ロ⊥ギ∠Α ∇ろゎ∠ ゅ∠よ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ (If one of you wakes up from his sleep, let him not put his hand in t he pot unt il he washes it t hrice, for one of you does not know where his hand spent t he night .) The face according t o t he scholars of Fiqh st art s where t he hair line on t he head st art s, regardless of one's lack or abundance of hair, unt il t he end of t he cheeks and chin, and from ear t o ear.

Passing the Fingers through the Beard While Performing Wud ®363 Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Wa'il said, "I saw ` Ut hman when he was performing Wudu'... When he washed his face, he passed his fingers t hrough his beard t hree t imes. He said, ` I saw t he Messenger of Allah do what you saw me doing.''' At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah also recorded t his Hadit h. At -Tirmidhi said "Hasan Sahih.'' while Al-Bukhari graded it Hasan.

How to Perform Wud ®363 Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas once performed Wudu' and t ook a handful of wat er and rinsed his mout h and nose wit h it . He t ook anot her handful of wat er and j oined bot h hands and washed his face. He t ook anot her handful of wat er and washed his right hand, and anot her

handful and washed his left hand wit h it . He next wiped his head. Next , he t ook a handful of wat er and sprinkled it on his right foot and washed it and t ook anot her handful of wat er and washed his left foot . When he finished, he said, "This is how I saw t he Messenger of Allah (performing Wudu').'' Al-Bukhari also recorded it . Allah said,

びペ ͡ プ͡ や∠ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and your hands (forearms) up t o (Ila) t he elbows...) meaning, including t he elbows. Allah said in anot her Ayah using Ila ,

ゅ⇔ よヲ⊥ェ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びや⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ (And devour not t heir subst ance t o (Ila) your subst ance (by adding or including it in your propert y). Surely, t his is a great sin.) It is recommended t hat t hose who perform Wudu' should wash a part of t he upper arm wit h t he elbow. Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヤイ ｚエ ∠ ョ⊥ や６ゲビ ⊥ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡» モ ∠ Β͡トΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ネ ∠ ゅ∠トわ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ∩͡￢ヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ ∇ャや ケ͡ ゅ∠をへ «モ∠バ∇ヘΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ｚゲビ ⊥ (On t he Day of Resurrect ion, my Ummah will be called "t hose wit h t he radiant appendages'' because of t he t races of Wudu'. Therefore, whoever can increase t he area of his radiance should do so.) Muslim recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "I heard my int imat e friend (t he Messenger ) saying,

«￢ヲ⊥ッヲ∠ ∇ャや ヒ⊥ ヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ る⊥ Β∠ ∇ヤエ ͡ ∇ャや ヒ⊥ ヤ⊥∇らゎ∠ » (The radiance of t he believer reaches t he areas t hat t he wat er of (his) Wudu' reaches.)'' Allah said next ,

び∇ユム⊥ シ ͡ ヱ⊥ぼゲ⊥ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥エジ ∠ ∇ョや∠ヱぴ (Rub your heads.) It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Malik bin ` Amr bin Yahya Al-Mazini said t hat his fat her said t hat a man said t o ` Abdullah bin Zayd bin ` Asim, t he grandfat her of ` Amr bin Yahya and one of t he Companions of t he Messenger , "Can you show me how t he Messenger

of Allah used t o perform Wudu''' ` Abdullah bin Zayd said, "Yes.'' He t hen asked for a pot of wat er. He poured from it on his hands and washed t hem t wice, t hen he rinsed his mout h and washed his nose wit h wat er t hrice by put t ing wat er in it and blowing it out . He washed his face t hrice and aft er t hat he washed his forearms up t o t he elbows t wice. He t hen passed his wet hands over his head from it s front t o it s back and vice versa, beginning from t he front and t aking t hem t o t he back of his head up t o t he nape of t he neck and t hen brought t hem t o t he front again from where he had st art ed. He next washed his feet . A similar descript ion of t he Wudu' of t he Messenger of Allah was performed by ` Ali in t he Hadit h by ` Abdu Khayr. Abu Dawud recorded t hat Mu` awiyah and Al-Miqdad bin Ma` dikarib narrat ed similar descript ions of t he Wudu' of t he Messenger of Allah . These Hadit hs indicat e t hat it is necessary t o wipe t he ent ire head. ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Humran bin Aban said, "I saw ` Ut hman bin ` Affan performing Wudu', and he poured wat er over his hands and washed t hem t hrice, and t hen rinsed his mout h and washed his nose by put t ing wat er in it , and t hen blowing it out . Then he washed his face t hrice, and t hen his right forearm up t o t he elbows t hrice, and washed t he left forearm t hrice. Then he passed his wet hands over his head, t hen he washed his right foot t hrice, and next his left foot t hrice. Aft er t hat ` Ut hman said, ` I saw t he Prophet performing Wudu' like t his, and said,

ヴｚヤタ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩や∠グワ∠ ヶ͡もヲ⊥ッヱ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇エル∠ ほ∠ッ ｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ュ∠ ギｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ビ ⊥ ∩⊥ヮ∠ジ∇ヘ∠ル ゅ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プ ゐ ⊥ あギエ ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ バ∠ ∇ミケ∠ «ヮ͡ら∇ルク∠ ∇リョ͡ (If anyone performs Wudu' like t hat of mine and offers a t wo-Rak` ah prayer during which he does not t hink of anyt hing else, t hen his past sins will be forgiven.)''' Al-Bukhari and Muslim also recorded t his Hadit h in t he Two Sahihs. In his Sunan, Abu Dawud also recorded it from ` Ut hman, under t he descript ion of Wudu', and in it , t hat he wiped his head one t ime.

The Necessity of Washing the Feet Allah said,

びリ ͡ Β∠ら∇バム∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and your feet up t o ankles.) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas st at ed t hat t he Ayah refers t o washing (t he feet ). ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud, ` Urwah, ` At a', ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Muj ahid, Ibrahim, Ad-Dahhak, As-Suddi, Muqat il bin Hayyan, Az-Zuhri and Ibrahim At -Taymi said similarly. This clearly indicat es t he necessit y of washing t he feet , j ust as t he Salaf have said, and not only wiping over t he t op of t he bare foot .

The Hadiths that Indicate the Necessity of Washing the Feet

We ment ioned t he Hadit hs by t he t wo Leaders of t he Fait hful, ` Ut hman and ` Ali, and also by Ibn ` Abbas, Mu` awiyah, ` Abdullah bin Zayd bin ` Asim and Al-Miqdad bin Ma` dikarib, t hat t he Messenger of Allah washed his feet for Wudu', eit her once, t wice or t hrice. It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said, "The Messenger of Allah was once lat e during a t rip we were t aking, and he caught up wit h us when t he t ime remaining for t he ` Asr prayer was short . We were st ill performing Wudu' (in a rush) and we were wiping our feet . He shout ed at t he t op of his voice,

«ケゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ハほ∠∇ヤャ͡ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ ￢∠ ヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ ∇ャや やヲ⊥ピら͡ ∇シぺ∠» (Perform Wudu' t horoughly. Save your heels from t he Fire.)'' The same narrat ion was also collect ed in t he Two Sahihs from Abu Hurayrah. Muslim recorded t hat ` A'ishah said t hat t he Prophet said,

«ケゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ハほ∠∇ヤャ͡ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ ￢∠ ヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ ∇ャや やヲ⊥ピら͡ ∇シぺ∠» (Perform Wudu' t horoughly. Save your heels from t he Fire.) ` Abdullah bin Al-Harit h bin Jaz' said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

«ケゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ュ͡ や∠ギ∇ホほ∠∇ャや ラ ͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ハほ∠∇ヤャ͡ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ» (Save your heels and t he bot t om of t he feet from t he Fire. ) It was recorded by Al-Bayhaqi and Al-Hakim, and t his chain is Sahih. Muslim recorded t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said t hat a man once performed Wudu' and left a dry spot t he size of a fingernail on his foot . The Prophet saw t hat and he said t o him,

«ポ∠￢ヲ⊥ッヱ⊥ ∇リジ ͡ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ ∇ノィ ͡ ∇ケや» (Go back and perform proper Wudu'.) Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bayhaqi also recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said t hat a man came t o t he Prophet , aft er he performed Wudu' and left a dry spot t he size of a fingernail on his foot . The Messenger of Allah said t o him,

«ポ∠￢ヲ⊥ッヱ⊥ ∇リジ ͡ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ ∇ノィ ͡ ∇ケや» (Go back and perform proper Wudu'.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat some of t he wives of t he Prophet said t hat t he Prophet saw a man praying, but not iced a dry spot on his foot , t he size of a Dirham. The Messenger of Allah ordered t hat man t o perform Wudu' again. This Hadit h was also collect ed by Abu Dawud from Baqiyyah, who added in his narrat ion, "And (t he Prophet ordered him) t o repeat t he prayer.'' This Hadit h has a st rong, reasonably good chain of narrat ors. Allah knows best .

The Necessity of Washing Between the Fingers In t he Hadit h t hat Humran narrat ed, ` Ut hman washed bet ween his fingers when he was describing t he Wudu' of t he Prophet . The collect ors of t he Sunan recorded t hat Laqit bin Sabrah said, "I said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Tell me about Wudu'.' The Messenger replied,

ヶ͡プ ∇ヒャ͡ゅ∠よヱ∠ ∩͡ノよ͡ ゅ∠タほ∠∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇モヤあカ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠￢ヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ ∇ャや ヒ͡ ら͡ ∇シぺ∠» «ゅ⇔ヨ͡もゅ∠タ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ベ ͡ ゅ∠ゼ∇レわ͡ ∇シゅ͡ャや (Perform Wudu' t horoughly, wash bet ween t he fingers and exaggerat e in rinsing your nose, unless you are fast ing.)''

Wiping Over the Khuffs is an Established Sunnah Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal recorded t hat Aws bin Abi Aws said, "I saw t he Messenger of Allah perform Wudu' and wipe over his Khuffs. He t hen st ood up for prayer.'' Abu Dawud recorded t his Hadit h by Aws bin Abi Aws, who said in t his narrat ion, "I saw t he Messenger of Allah , aft er he answered t he call of nat ure, perform Wudu' and wipe over his Khuffs and feet .'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jarir bin ` Abdullah Al-Baj ali said, "I embraced Islam aft er Surat Al-Ma'idah was revealed and I saw t he Messenger of Allah wipe aft er I became Muslim.'' It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Hammam said, "Jarir answered t he call of nat ure and t hen performed Wudu' and wiped over his Khuffs. He was asked, ` Do you do t his' He said, ` Yes. I saw t he Messenger of Allah , aft er he answered t he call of nat ure, perform Wudu' and wipe on his Khuffs.''' Al-A` mash comment ed t hat Ibrahim said, "They liked t his Hadit h because Jarir embraced Islam aft er Surat Al-Ma'idah was revealed.'' This is t he wording collect ed by Muslim. The subj ect of t he Messenger of Allah wiping over his Khuffs, inst ead of washing t he feet , if he had worn his Khuffs while having Wudu', reaches t he Mut awat ir grade of narrat ion, and t hey describe t his pract ice by his words and act ions.

Performing Tayammum with Clean earth When There is no Water and When One is Ill Allah said,

ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ヘ∠ シ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲョｚ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ジレあ ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ジヨ∠ ⇒∠ャ ∇ヱぺ∠ テ ͡ も͡ ゅ∠ピ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ム∇レョあ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヲ⊥ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥エジ ∠ ∇ョゅ∠プ ゅ⇔らあΒデ ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡バタ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヨｚ Β∠ わ∠ プ∠ びヮ⊥ ∇レあョ

(But if you are ill or on a j ourney or any of you comes from t he Gha'it (t oilet ), or you have t ouched women and you find no wat er, t hen perform Tayammum wit h clean eart h and rub t herewit h your faces and hands.) We discussed all of t his in Surat An-Nisa', and t hus we do not need t o repeat it here. We also ment ioned t he reason behind revealing t his Ayah. Yet , AlBukhari ment ioned an honorable Hadit h here specifically about t he Tafsir of t his noble Ayah. He recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "Upon ret urning t o Al-Madinah, a necklace of mine was broken (and lost ) in Al-Bayda' area. Allah's Messenger st ayed t here and went t o sleep wit h his head on my lap. Abu Bakr (` A'ishah's fat her) came and hit me on my flank wit h his hand saying, ` You have det ained t he people because of a necklace' So I wished I were dead because (I could not move) t he Messenger was sleeping on my lap and because of t he pain Abu Bakr caused me. Allah's Messenger got up when dawn broke and t here was no wat er. So Allah revealed,

り͡ ヲヤｚダャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨホ⊥ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ び∇ユム⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤジ ͡ ∇ビゅプ (O you who believe! When you st and (int end) t o offer As-Salah (t he prayer), t hen wash your faces) iunt il t he end of t he Ayah. Usayd bin Al-Hudayr said, ` O t he family of Abu Bakr! Allah has blessed t he people because of you. Therefore, you are only a blessing for t he people.'' Allah said,

びァ ∃ ゲ∠ ェ ∠ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョぴ (Allah does not want t o place you in difficult y,) This is why He made t hings easy and lenient for you. This is why He allowed you t o use Tayammum when you are ill and when you do not find wat er, t o make t hings comfort able for you and as mercy for you. Allah made Tayammum in place of Wudu', and Allah made it t he same as ablut ion wit h wat er for t he one who it is legit imat e for, except for cert ain t hings, as we ment ioned before. For example; Tayammum only involves one st rike wit h t he hand on t he sand and wiping t he face and hands. Allah said,

∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ユｚ わ͡ Β⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ヰあ ト ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ (but He want s t o purify you, and t o complet e His favor on you t hat you may be t hankful.) for His bount ies on you, such as His easy, kind, merciful, comfort able and lenient legislat ion.

Supplicating to Allah after Wud ®363 The Sunnah encourages supplicat ing t o Allah aft er Wudu' and st at es t hat t hose who do so are among t hose who seek t o purify t hemselves, as t he Ayah above st at es. Imam Ahmad, Muslim and t he collect ors of Sunan narrat ed t hat ` Uqbah bin ` Amir said, "We were on wat ch, guarding

camels, and when my t urn t o guard came, I t ook t he camels back at night . I found t hat t he Messenger of Allah was giving a speech t o t he people. I heard t hese words from t hat speech:

ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥ロ￢ヲ⊥ッヱ⊥ リ ⊥ジ ͡ ∇エΒ⊥ プ∠ ほ⊥ッ ｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ユ∃ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» ゅｚャま͡ ∩͡ヮヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤボ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ⇔ヤら∇ボョ⊥ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ バ∠ ∇ミケ∠ ヶあヤダ ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ «るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろら∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ (Any Muslim who performs Wudu' properly, t hen st ands up and prays a t wo Rak'ah prayer wit h full at t ent ion in his heart and face, will earn Paradise.) I said, ` What a good st at ement t his is!' A person who was close by said, ` The st at ement he said before it is even bet t er.' When I looked, I found t hat it was ` Umar, who said, ` I saw t hat you j ust came. The Prophet said,

ヒ⊥ ら͡ ∇ジΒ⊥ プ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヒ⊥ ヤ͡∇らΒ⊥ プ∠ ほ⊥ッ ｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇セぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∩∠￢ヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ ∇ャや る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ⊥ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろエ ∠ わ͡ プ⊥ ゅｚャま͡ ∩⊥ヮャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇らハ ∠ や⇔ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ «￢ゅ∠セ ゅ∠ヰΑあ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∩͡るΒ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ヨんｚ ャや (When any of you performs Wudu' properly and says, ` I bear wit ness t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah and t hat Muhammad is His servant and Messenger', t he eight doors of Paradise will be opened for him so t hat he can ent er from any door he wishes.)'' This is t he wording collect ed by Muslim.

The Virtue of Wud ®363 Malik recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

モ ∠ジ ∠ ピ∠ プ∠ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ギ⊥ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや ほ∠ッ ｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ や∠クま͡» ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ ル∠ る∃ ゃ∠ Β͡トカ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ∩͡ヮヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ∇リョ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ ∩⊥ヮヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇トホ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡ へ ノ∠ ョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇Βバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇わゼ ∠ト ∠ よ∠ る∃ ゃ∠ Β͡トカ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ ∇リョ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ ヮ͡ Α∠ギΑ∠ モ ∠ジ ∠ビ ∠

モ ∠ジ ∠ビ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇トホ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡ へ ノ∠ ョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ギΑ∠ ノ∠ ョ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠ヤ∇ィケ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇わゼ ∠ ョ∠ る∃ ゃΒ͡トカ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ろィ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠∇ィケ͡ ゅ６Βボ͡ ル∠ ァ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ヴわｚ ェ ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇トホ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡ へ ノ∠ ョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや «ゆヲ⊥ルグぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ (When t he Muslim or t he believing servant performs Wudu' and washes his face, every sin t hat he looked at wit h his eyes will depart from his face wit h t he wat er, or wit h t he last drop of wat er. When he washes his hands, every sin t hat his hands commit t ed will depart from his hands wit h t he wat er, or wit h t he last drop of wat er. When he washes his feet , every sin t o which his feet t ook him will depart wit h t he wat er, or wit h t he last drop of wat er. Unt il, he ends up sinless.) Muslim also recorded it . Muslim recorded t hat Abu Malik Al-Ash` ari said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ほ⊥ヤ∠∇ヨゎ∠ ぶ ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩͡ラゅ∠ヨΑ͡み∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇トセ ∠ ケヲ⊥ヰト ぁ ャや» リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ほ⊥ヤ∠∇ヨゎ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や∠ヱ ぶ ͡ や ラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∠ラや∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇らダ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ∩∀るレｚ ィ ⊥ ュ⊥ ∇ヲｚダャや∠ヱ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ∇ヱぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ∀るイ ｚェ ⊥ ラ ⊥ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ャや∠ヱ ∩∀ラゅ∠ワ∇ゲよ⊥ る⊥ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダャや∠ヱ ∩∀￢ゅ∠Βッ ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰボ⊥ わ͡ ∇バヨ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ∀ノ͡もゅ∠ら∠プ ∩ヱ⊥ギ∇ピΑ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ぁ ミ⊥ ∩∠マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ «ゅ∠ヰボ⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ョ (Purit y is half of fait h and Al-Hamdu Lillah (all t he t hanks are due t o Allah) fills t he Mizan (t he Scale). And Subhan Allah and Allahu Akbar (all praise is due t o Allah, and Allah is t he Most Great ) fills what is bet ween t he heaven and eart h. As-Sawm (t he fast ) is a Junnah (a shield), Sabr (pat ience) is a light , Sadaqah (charit y) is evidence (of fait h) and t he Qur'an is proof for, or against you. Every person goes out in t he morning and ends up selling himself, he eit her frees his soul or dest roys it .) Muslim recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ り⇔ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∃メヲ⊥ヤビ ⊥ ∇リョ͡ る⇔ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やモ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ケヲ⊥ヰデ ⊥ (Allah does not accept charit y from one who commit s Ghulul, or prayer wit hout purit y.)

ユ⊥ムボ∠ を∠ や∠ヱ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ∠ボ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇クま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや べ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Α - ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ラ ⊥ べ∠レセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ョ∠ ゲ͡ ∇イΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ リ ∠ Β͡ョやｚヲホ∠ ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ヤャ͡ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇ハや ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや べ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ゲ∀ ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや べ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Α - ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥トジ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ユｚ ワ∠ ∇クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ブ ｚ ム∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (7. And remember Allah's favor t o you and His covenant wit h which He bound you when you said: "We hear and we obey.'' And have Taqwa of Allah. Verily, Allah is All-Knower of t hat which is in t he breast s.) (8. O you who believe! St and out firmly for Allah as j ust wit nesses; and let not t he enmit y and hat red of ot hers make you avoid j ust ice. Be j ust , t hat is nearer t o Taqwa; and have Taqwa of Allah. Verily, Allah is Well-Acquaint ed wit h what you do.) (9. Allah has promised t hose who believe and do deeds of right eousness, t hat for t hem t here is forgiveness and a great reward (i.e. Paradise).) (10. And t hey who disbelieve and deny Our Ayat are t hose who will be t he dwellers of t he Hell-fire.) (11. O you who believe! Remember t he favor of Allah unt o you when some people desired (made a plan) t o st ret ch out t heir hands against you, but (Allah) held back t heir hands from you. So have Taqwa of Allah. And in Allah let t he believers put t heir t rust .)

Reminding the Believers of the Bounty of the Message and Islam

Allah reminds His believing servant s of His bount y by legislat ing t his glorious religion and sending t hem t his honorable Messenger. He also reminds t hem of t he covenant and pledges t hat He t ook from t hem t o follow t he Messenger , support and aid him, implement his Law and convey it on his behalf, while accept ing it t hemselves. Allah said,

ユ⊥ムボ∠ を∠ や∠ヱ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ∠ボ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ びゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇クま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ (And remember Allah's favor upon you and His covenant wit h which He bound you when you said, "We hear and we obey.") This is t he pledge t hat t hey used t o give t o t he Messenger of Allah when t hey embraced Islam. They used t o say, "We gave our pledge of obedience t o t he Messenger of Allah t o hear and obey, in t imes when we are act ive and ot herwise, even if we were passed on for right s, and not t o disput e leadership wit h it s right ful people.'' Allah also said,

∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽわ⊥ ャ͡ び (And what is t he mat t er wit h you t hat you believe not in Allah! While t he Messenger invit es you t o believe in your Lord; and He has indeed t aken your covenant , if you are real believers.) It was also said t hat t his Ayah (5:7) reminds t he Jews of t he pledges and promises Allah t ook from t hem t o follow Muhammad and adhere t o his Law, as ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas st at ed. Allah t hen said,

びヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And have Taqwa of Allah.) in all t imes and sit uat ions. Allah says t hat He knows t he secret s and t hought s t hat t he heart s conceal,

びケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is All-Knower of t he secret s of (your) breast s.)

The Necessity of Observing Justice Allah said,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャ リ ∠ Β͡ョやｚヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや べ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ (O you who believe! St and out firmly for Allah...) meaning, in t rut h for t he sake of Allah, not for t he sake of people or for fame,

びテ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ぴ (as j ust wit nesses) observing j ust ice and not t ransgression. It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat An-Nu` man bin Bashir said, "My fat her gave me a gift , but ` Amrah bint Rawahah, my mot her, said t hat she would not agree t o it unless he made Allah's Messenger as a wit ness t o it . So, my fat her went t o Allah's Messenger t o ask him t o be a wit ness t o his giving me t he gift . Allah's Messenger asked,

«∨ヮヤんョ ろヤエル ポギャヱ モミぺ» (` Have you given t he like of it t o everyone of your offspring') He replied in t he negat ive. Allah's Messenger said,

«ユ⊥ミキ͡ ゅ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ヶ͡プ やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇ハや∠ヱ ぶ ∠ や やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や» (Have Taqwa of Allah and t reat your children equally.) And said;

«ケ∇ヲィ ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇セぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ ヶあルま͡» (I shall not be wit ness t o inj ust ice.) My fat her t hen ret urned and t ook back his gift .'' Allah said;

び∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ラ ⊥ べ∠レセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ョ∠ ゲ͡ ∇イΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and let not t he enmit y and hat red of ot hers make you avoid j ust ice. ) The Ayah commands: Do not be carried away by your hat red for some people t o avoid observing j ust ice wit h t hem. Rat her, be j ust wit h every one, whet her a friend or an enemy. This is why Allah said,

びン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ヤ͡ャ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇ハやぴ (Be j ust : t hat is nearer t o Taqwa) t his is bet t er t han if you abandon j ust ice in t his case. Alt hough Allah said t hat observing j ust ice is ` nearer t o Taqwa', t here is not any ot her course of act ion t o t ake, t herefore ` nearer' here means ` is'. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョぁ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ボョ∠ (The dwellers of Paradise will, on t hat Day, have t he best abode, and have t he fairer of places for repose.) Some of t he female Companions said t o ` Umar, "You are more rough and crude t han t he Messenger of Allah ,'' meaning, you are rough, not t hat t he Prophet is rough at all. Allah said next ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (and have Taqwa of Allah. Verily, Allah is WellAcquaint ed wit h what you do.) and consequent ly, He will reward or punish you according t o your act ions, whet her good or evil. Hence Allah's st at ement aft erwards,

ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びり∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ (Allah has promised t hose who believe and do deeds of right eousness, t hat for t hem t here is forgiveness) for t heir sins,

び∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ゲ∀ ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and a great reward.) which is Paradise, t hat is part of Allah's mercy for His servant s. They will not earn Paradise on account of t heir good act ions, but rat her on account of His mercy and favor, even t hough t hey will qualify t o earn t his mercy on account of t heir good act ions. Allah has made t hese act ions t he cause and pat h t hat lead t o His mercy, favor, pardon and accept ance. Therefore, all t his is from Allah Alone and all t hanks are due t o Him. Allah said next ,

ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ べ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや (And t hey who disbelieve and deny our Ayat are t hose who will be t he dwellers of t he Hellfire.) This only demonst rat es Allah's perfect j ust ice, wisdom and j udgment , He is never wrong, for He is t he Most Wise, Most Just and Most Able.

Among Allah's Favors is that He Prevented the Disbelievers from Fighting the Muslims Allah said,

∇クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや べ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ブ ｚ ム∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥トジ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ユｚ ワ∠ び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ (O you who believe! Remember t he favor of Allah unt o you when some people desired (made a plan) t o st ret ch out t heir hands against you, but (Allah) wit hheld t heir hands from you.) ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Jabir said, "The Prophet once st ayed at an area and t he people spread out seeking shade under various t rees. The Prophet hung his weapon on a t ree, and a bedouin man came and t ook possession of t he Prophet 's weapon and held it aloft . He came t owards t he Prophet and said, ` Who can prot ect you from me' He replied, ` Allah, t he Exalt ed, Most Honored.' The bedouin man repeat ed his quest ion t wice or t hrice, each t ime t he Prophet answering him by saying, ` Allah.' The bedouin man t hen lowered t he sword, and t he Prophet called his Companions and t old t hem what had happened while t he bedouin was sit t ing next t o him, for t he Prophet did not punish him.' Ma` mar said t hat Qat adah used t o ment ion t hat some Arabs want ed t o have t he Prophet killed, so t hey sent t hat bedouin. Qat adah would t hen ment ion t his Ayah,

∇やヲ⊥トジ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ユｚ ワ∠ ∇クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クやぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ (Remember t he favor of Allah unt o you when some people desired (made a plan) t o st ret ch out t heir hands against you...) The st ory of t his bedouin man, whose name is Ghawrat h bin AlHarit h, is ment ioned in t he Sahih. Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar, Muj ahid and ` Ikrimah said t hat t his Ayah was revealed about Bani An-Nadir, who plot t ed t o drop a st one on t he head of t he Messenger when he came t o t hem for help t o pay t he blood money of t wo persons whom Muslims killed. The Jews left t he execut ion of t his plot t o ` Amr bin Jihash bin Ka` b and ordered him t o t hrow a st one on t he Prophet from above, when he came t o t hem and sat under t he wall. Allah t old His Prophet about t heir plot , and he went back t o Al-Madinah and his Companions followed him lat er on. Allah sent down t his Ayah concerning t his mat t er. Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (And in Allah let t he believers put t heir t rust .) and t hose who do so, t hen Allah shall suffice for t hem and shall prot ect t hem from t he evil plot s of t he people. Thereaft er, Allah commanded

His Messenger t o expel Bani An-Nadir, and he laid siege t o t heir area and forced t hem t o evacuat e Al-Madinah.

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヨホ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヴあルま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ⇔らΒ͡ボル∠ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ハ ∠ ∇ヴレ∠ ∇をや ヴ͡ヤシ ⊥ ゲ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ョや∠￢ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ゅ⇔レ∠ジェ ∠ ゅ⇔ッ∇ゲホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ッゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ⊥ ∇ケゴｚ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ヤ∠カ ͡ ∇キΕ∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ラ ｚ ∠ゲヘあ ∠ミΕ ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒ｚレバ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ⇒∠んΒあョ ユ͡ヰツ ͡ ∇ボル∠ ゅ∠ヨら͡ プ∠ - モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや ￢∠ へ∠ヲシ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ リ∠ハ ユ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プあゲエ ∠ Α⊥ る⇔ Β∠ シ ͡ ゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ メ ⊥ や∠ゴゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ͡ ク⊥ ゅｚヨョあ ゅｚヌェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ バ͡ ッ ͡ ヲ∠ ョｚ ブ ⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レあョ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ る∃ レ∠ も͡ べ∠カ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ⊥ ヤ͡ト ｚ ゎ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ウヘ∠ ∇タや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゅ⇔ヌ ∂ェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ジレ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ンゲ∠ ⇒∠ダル∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ￢∠ べ∠ツ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ り∠ ヱ∠ や∠ギバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Αゲ∠ ∇ビほ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ͡ ク⊥ ゅｚヨョあ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ゃ⊥ あらレ∠ Α⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ (12. Indeed, Allah t ook t he covenant from t he Children of Israel (Jews), and We appoint ed t welve leaders among t hem. And Allah said: "I am wit h you if you perform t he Salah and give t he Zakah and believe in My Messengers; honor and assist t hem, and lend t o Allah a good loan, verily, I will remit your sins and admit you t o Gardens under which rivers flow (in Paradise). But if any of you aft er t his, disbelieved, he has indeed gone ast ray from t he st raight way.'') (13. So, because of t heir breach of t heir covenant , We cursed t hem and made t heir heart s grow hard.

They changed t he words from t heir (right ) places and have abandoned a good part of t he Message t hat was sent t o t hem. And you will not cease t o discover deceit in t hem, except a few of t hem. But forgive t hem and overlook (t heir misdeeds). Verily, Allah loves t he doers of good.) (14. And from t hose who call t hemselves Christ ians, We t ook t heir covenant , but t hey have abandoned a good part of t he Message t hat was sent t o t hem. So We plant ed amongst t hem enmit y and hat red t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion; and Allah will inform t hem of what t hey used t o do.)

Cursing the People of the Book for Breaking the Covenant Allah commanded His believing servant s t o fullfil t he promises and pledges t hat He t ook from t hem and which t hey gave His servant and Messenger, Muhammad, peace be upon him. Allah also commanded t hem t o st and for t he t rut h and give correct t est imony. He also reminded t hem of t he obvious and subt le favors of t he t rut h and guidance t hat He grant ed t hem. Next , Allah informed t hem of t he pledges and promises t hat He t ook from t he People of t he Book, who were before t hem, t he Jews and Christ ians. When t hey broke t hese promises and covenant s, Allah cursed t hem as a consequence and expelled t hem from His grace and mercy. He also sealed t heir heart s from receiving guidance and t he religion of t rut h, beneficial knowledge and right eous act ions. Allah said,

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔らΒ͡ボル∠ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ハ ∠ ∇ヴレ∠ ∇をや (Indeed Allah t ook t he covenant from t he Children of Israel and We appoint ed t welve leaders among t hem.) These t welve people were leaders who gave t he pledge t o Allah t o list en and obey Allah, His Messenger and His Book on behalf of t heir t ribes. Muhammad bin Ishaq and Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t his occurred when Musa went t o fight t he might y enemy (in Palest ine), and Allah commanded him t o choose a leader from every t ribe.

The Leaders of Ansar on the Night of ` Aqabah Likewise, when t he Messenger of Allah t ook t he pledge from t he Ansar in t he ` Aqabah area, t here were t welve leaders from t he Ansar. There were t hree men from t he t ribe of Aws: Usayd bin Al-Hudayr, Sa` d bin Khayt hamah and Rifa` ah bin ` Abdul-Mundhir, or Abu Al-Hayt ham bin At -Tayhan. There were nine people from t he t ribe of Khazraj : Abu Umamah As` ad bin Zurarah, Sa` d bin Ar-Rabi` , ` Abdullah bin Rawahah, Rafi` bin Malik bin Al-` Aj lan, Al-Bara' bin Ma` rur, ` Ubadah bin As-Samit , Sa` d bin ` Ubadah, ` Abdullah bin ` Amr bin Haram and Al-Mundhir bin ` Umar bin Khunays. Ka` b bin Malik ment ioned t hese men in his poem, as recorded by Ibn Ishaq.On t hat night , t hese men were t he leaders or represent at ives of t heir t ribes by t he command of t he Prophet . They gave t he pledge and promise of allegiance and obedience t o t he Prophet on behalf of t heir people. Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヴあルま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah said, "I am wit h you...) wit h My prot ect ion, support and aid,

∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ョや∠￢ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヨホ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ぴ びヴ͡ヤシ ⊥ ゲ⊥ よ͡ (if you perform t he Salah and give t he Zakah and believe in My Messengers;) concerning what t hey bring you of t he revelat ion,

び∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ⊥ ∇ケゴｚ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (honor and assist t hem...) and support t hem on t he t rut h,

びゅ⇔レ∠ジェ ∠ ゅ⇔ッ∇ゲホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ッゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and lend t o Allah a good loan...) by spending in His cause, seeking t o please Him.

び∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ラ ｚ ∠ゲヘあ ∠ミΕ ⊥ぴ (verily, I will remit your sins) and errors, I will erase t hem, cover t hem, and will not punish you for t hem,

びゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ヤ∠カ ͡ ∇キΕ∠ヱぴ (and admit you t o Gardens under which rivers flow (in Paradise).) t hus, prot ect ing you from what you fear and grant ing you what you seek.

Breaking the Covenant Allah said,

びモ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや ￢∠ へ∠ヲシ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (But if any of you aft er t his, disbelieved, he has indeed gone ast ray from t he st raight way.) Therefore, t hose who break t his covenant , even t hough t hey pledged and vowed t o keep it , yet , t hey broke it and denied it ever exist ed, t hey have avoided t he clear pat h and deviat ed from t he pat h of guidance t o t he pat h of misguidance. Allah t hen ment ioned t he punishment t hat befell t hose who broke His covenant and t he pledge t hey gave Him,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒ｚレバ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ⇒∠んΒあョ ユ͡ヰツ ͡ ∇ボル∠ ゅ∠ヨら͡ プ∠ ぴ (So because of t heir breach of t heir covenant , We cursed t hem...) Allah st at es, because of t heir breaking t he promise t hat We t ook from t hem, We cursed t hem, deviat ed t hem away from t he t rut h, and expelled t hem from guidance,

びる⇔ Β∠ シ ͡ ゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and made t heir heart s grow hard...) and t hey do not heed any word of advice t hat t hey hear, because of t he hardness of t heir heart s.

びヮ͡ バ͡ ッ ͡ や∠ヲョｚ リ∠ハ ユ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲあ エ ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (They change t he words from t heir (right ) places...) Since t heir comprehension became corrupt , t hey behaved t reacherously wit h Allah's Ayat , alt ering His Book from it s apparent meanings which He sent down, and dist ort ing it s indicat ions. They at t ribut ed t o Allah what He did not say, and we seek refuge wit h Allah from such behavior.

びヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ͡ ク⊥ ゅｚヨョあ ゅｚヌェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and have abandoned a good part of t he Message t hat was sent t o t hem.) by not implement ing it and by ignoring it . Allah said next ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ る∃ レ∠ も͡ べ∠カ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ⊥ ヤ͡ト ｚ ゎ∠ メ ⊥ や∠ゴゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And you will not cease t o discover deceit in t hem,) such as t heir plot s and t reachery against you, O Muhammad, and your Companions. Muj ahid said t hat t his Ayah refers t o t heir plot t o kill t he Messenger of Allah .

び∇ウヘ∠ ∇タや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ブ ⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プぴ (But forgive t hem, and overlook (t heir misdeeds).) This, indeed, is t he ult imat e vict ory and t riumph. Some of t he Salaf said, "You would never t reat t hose who disobey Allah wit h you bet t er t han obeying Allah wit h t hem.'' This way, t heir heart s will gat her around t he t rut h and Allah might lead t hem t o t he right guidance. This is why Allah said,

びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ

(Verily, Allah loves t he doers of good.) Therefore, forgive t hose who err against you. Qat adah said t hat t his Ayah was abrogat ed wit h Allah's st at ement ,

びゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ホぴ (Fight against t hose who believe not in Allah, nor in t he Last Day).

The Christians Also Broke their Covenant with Allah and the Repercussion of this Behavior Allah said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダル∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And from t hose who call t hemselves Christ ians, We t ook t heir covenant ,) Meaning: ` From t hose who call t hemselves Christ ians and followers of ` Isa, son of Maryam, while in fact t hey are not as t hey claim. We t ook from t hem t he covenant and pledges t hat t hey would follow t he Prophet , aid him, honor him and follow his foot st eps.' And t hat t hey would believe in every Prophet whom Allah sends t o t he people of t he eart h. They imit at ed t he Jews and broke t he promises and t he pledges. This is why Allah said,

り∠ ヱ∠ や∠ギバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Αゲ∠ ∇ビほ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ͡ ク⊥ ゅｚヨョあ ゅ⇔ヌ ∂ェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ジレ∠ プ∠ ぴ びる͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢∠ べ∠ツ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (but t hey have abandoned a good part of t he Message t hat was sent t o t hem. So We plant ed amongst t hem enmit y and hat red t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion;) Meaning: ` We plant ed enmit y and hat red bet ween t hem, and t hey will remain like t his unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion.' Indeed, t he numerous Christ ian sect s have always been enemies and adversaries of each ot her, accusing each ot her of heresy and cursing each ot her. Each sect among t hem excommunicat es t he ot her sect s and does not allow t hem ent rance t o t heir places of worship. The Monarchist sect accuses t he Jacobit e sect of heresy, and such is t he case wit h t he Nest orians and t he Arians. Each sect among t hem will cont inue t o accuse t he ot her of disbelief and heresy in t his life and on t he Day when t he Wit nesses will come fort h. Allah t hen said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ゃ⊥ あらレ∠ Α⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and Allah will inform t hem of what t hey used t o do.) warning and t hreat ening t he Christ ians because of t heir lies against Allah and His Messenger and t heir false claims about Allah, hallowed be He above what t hey say about Him. The Christ ians at t ribut e a companion and a

son t o Allah, while He is t he One and Only, t he All-Sufficient , Who neit her beget s nor was He begot t en, and t here is none like unt o Him.

や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠レャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠⇒∠Αぴ ∇ギホ∠ ゲ∃ Β͡んミ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅｚヨョあ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ょ⇒∠わミ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ケヲ⊥ル ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ ͡ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ユ͡ ⇒ヤ∠ジ ｚ ャや モ ∠ ら⊥ シ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ル∠ や∠ヲ∇ッケ͡ ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ケ͡ ヲぁレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや び ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ (15. O People of t he Script ure! Now has come t o you Our Messenger explaining t o you much of t hat which you used t o hide from t he Script ure and passing over much. Indeed, t here has come t o you from Allah a light and a plain Book.) (16. Wherewit h Allah guides all t hose who seek His Pleasure t o ways of peace, and He brings t hem out of darkness by His permission unt o light and guides t hem t o a st raight pat h.)

Explaining the Truth Through the Messenger and the Qur'an Allah st at es t hat He sent His Messenger Muhammad wit h t he guidance and t he religion of t rut h t o all t he people of t he eart h, t he Arabs and non-Arabs, let t ered and unlet t ered. Allah also st at es t hat He sent Muhammad wit h clear evidences and t he dist inct ion bet ween t rut h and falsehood. Allah said,

や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠レャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠⇒∠Αぴ びゲ∃ Β͡んミ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅｚヨョあ (O People of t he Script ure! Now has come t o you Our Messenger explaining t o you much of t hat which you used t o hide from t he Script ure and passing over much.) So t he Prophet explained where t hey alt ered, dist ort ed, changed and lied about Allah. He also ignored much of what t hey changed, since it would not bring about any benefit if it was explained. In his Must adrak, Al-Hakim recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "He who disbelieves in st oning (t he adult erer t o deat h) will have inadvert ent ly disbelieved in t he Qur'an, for Allah said,

や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠レャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠⇒∠Αぴ びょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅｚヨョあ (O People of t he Script ure! Now has come t o you Our Messenger explaining t o you much of t hat which you used t o hide from t he Script ure) and st oning was among t he t hings t hat t hey used t o hide.'' Al-Hakim said, "It s chain is Sahih, and t hey did not record it .'' Allah next ment ions t he Glorious Qur'an t hat He sent down t o His honorable Prophet ,

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰΒ∠ ∀レΒ͡らョぁ ∀ょ⇒∠わミ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ケヲル⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ びユ͡ ⇒∠ヤジ ｚ ャや モ ∠ ら⊥ シ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ル∠ や∠ヲ∇ッケ͡ ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ (Indeed, t here has come t o you from Allah a light and a plain Book. Wherewit h Allah guides all t hose who seek His pleasure t o ways of peace.) meaning, ways of safet y and right eousness,

ヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ケ͡ ヲぁレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや リ ͡ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ (and He brings t hem out of darkness by His permission unt o light and guides t hem t o a st raight pat h.) He t hus saves t hem from dest ruct ion and explains t o t hem t he best , most clear pat h. Therefore, He prot ect s t hem from what t hey fear, and brings about t he best of what t hey long for, all t he while ridding t hem of misguidance and direct ing t hem t o t he best , most right eous st at e of being.

リ ⊥ ∇よや ウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャべ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ ラ∠ぺ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚョぺ⊥ヱ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ウ ∠ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅョ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ - ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ￢⊥ ゅ∠レ∇よぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚ ャや∠ヱ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠

ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇モよ∠ ユ⊥ムよ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ムよ⊥ グあ バ∠ Α⊥ ユ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ロ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅｚらェ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ゆ ⊥ あグバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや (17. Surely, in disbelief are t hey who say t hat Allah is t he Messiah, son of Maryam. Say: "Who t hen has t he least power against Allah, if He were t o dest roy t he Messiah, son of Maryam, his mot her, and all t hose who are on t he eart h t oget her'' And t o Allah belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h, and all t hat is bet ween t hem. He creat es what He wills. And Allah is able t o do all t hings.) (18. And t he Jews and t he Christ ians say: "We are t he children of Allah and His loved ones.'' Say: "Why t hen does He punish you for your sins'' Nay, you are but human beings of t hose He has creat ed, He forgives whom He wills and He punishes whom He wills. And t o Allah belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is bet ween t hem; and t o Him is t he ret urn (of all).) e

The Polytheism and Disbelief of the Christians Allah st at es t hat t he Christ ians are disbelievers because of t heir claim t hat ` Isa, son of Maryam, one of Allah's servant s and creat ures, is Allah. Allah is holier t han what t hey at t ribut e t o Him. Allah t hen reminds t hem of His perfect abilit y over everyt hing and t hat everyt hing is under His complet e cont rol and power,

マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚョぺ⊥ヱ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ウ ∠ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや (Say: "Who t hen has t he least power against Allah, if He were t o dest roy t he Messiah, son of Maryam, his mot her, and all t hose who are on t he eart h t oget her") Therefore, if Allah wills t o do t hat , who would be able t o st op Him or prevent Him from doing it Allah t hen said,

ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ (And t o Allah belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h, and all t hat is bet ween t hem. He creat es what He wills.) All t hings in exist ence are Allah's propert y and creat ion and He is able t o do everyt hing. He is never asked about what He does wit h His power, domain, j ust ice

and great ness so t his refut es t he Christ ian creed, may Allah's cont inued curses be upon t hem unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion.

Refuting the People of the Book's Claim that they are Allah's Children Allah t hen refut es t he Christ ians' and Jews' false claims and lies,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ￢⊥ ゅ∠レ∇よぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚャや∠ヱ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びロ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅｚらェ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ (And t he Jews and t he Christ ians say, "We are t he children of Allah and His loved ones.") They claim: "We are t he followers of Allah's Prophet s, who are His children, whom He t akes care of. He also loves us.'' The People of t he Book claim in t heir Book t hat Allah said t o His servant Isra'il, "You are my first born.'' But t hey explained t his st at ement in an improper manner and alt ered it s meaning. Some of t he People of t he Book who lat er became Muslims refut ed t his false st at ement saying, "This st at ement only indicat es honor and respect , as is common in t heir speech at t hat t ime.'' The Christ ians claim t hat ` Isa said t o t hem, "I will go back t o my fat her and your fat her,'' meaning, my Lord and your Lord. It is a fact t hat t he Christ ians did not claim t hat t hey t oo are Allah's sons as t hey claimed about ` Isa. Rat her t his st at ement by ` Isa only meant t o indicat e a closeness wit h Allah. This is why when t hey said t hat t hey are Allah's children and loved ones, Allah refut ed t heir claim,

びユ⊥ムよ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ムよ⊥ グあ バ∠ Α⊥ ユ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say, "Why t hen does He punish you for your sins") meaning, if you were t ruly as you claim, Allah's children and loved ones, t hen why did He prepare t he Fire because of your disbelief, lies and false claims

びペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ルぺ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, you are but human beings, of t hose He has creat ed,) Allah st at es: you are j ust like t he rest of t he children of Adam, and Allah is t he Lord of all His creat ion,

び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ゆ ⊥ あグバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ぴ (He forgives whom He wills and punishes whom He wills.) Allah does what He wills, t here is none who can escape His j udgement , and He is swift in reckoning.

びゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ

(And t o Allah belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is bet ween t hem;) Therefore, everyt hing is Allah's propert y and under His power and cont rol,

びゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t o Him is t he ret urn.) In t he end, t he ret urn will be t o Allah and He will j udge bet ween His servant s as He will, and He is t he Most Just Who is never wrong in His j udgment .

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠レャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠⇒∠Αぴ ゲ∃ Β͡ゼよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや リ ∠ ョｚ り∃ ゲ∠ ∇わプ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∀ゲΑグ͡ ル∠ ヱ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡ゼ∠よ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ゲ∃ Α͡グル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ (19. O People of t he Script ure! Now has come t o you Our Messenger making (t hings) clear unt o you, aft er a break in (t he series of) Messengers, lest you say: "There came t o us no bringer of glad t idings and no warner.'' But now has come unt o you a bringer of glad t idings and a warner. And Allah is able t o do all t hings. ) Allah is addressing t he People of t he Book -- t he Jews and t he Christ ians, saying t hat He has sent His Messenger Muhammad t o t hem, t he Final Prophet , aft er whom t here will be no Prophet or Messenger. Rat her, He is t he Final Messenger who came aft er a long t ime passed bet ween him and ` Isa, son of Maryam peace be upon t hem. There is a difference of opinion about t he lengt h of t ime bet ween ` Isa and Muhammad . Abu ` Ut hman AnNahdi and Qat adah were report ed t o have said t hat t his period was six hundred years. AlBukhari also recorded t his opinion from Salman Al-Farisi. Qat adah said t hat t his period was five hundred and sixt y years, while Ma` mar said t hat it is five hundred and fort y years. Some said t hat t his period is six hundred and t went y years. There is no cont radict ion here if we consider t he fact t hat t hose who said t hat t his period was six hundred years were t alking about solar years, while t he second refers t o lunar years, since t here is a difference of about t hree years bet ween every one hundred lunar and solar years. As in Allah's st at ement ,

∇やヱ⊥キや∠キ∇コや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レシ ͡ る∃ ゃ∠ ョ͡ ゐ ∠ Κ∠を ∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヰミ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ん͡ら∠ャ∠ヱぴ び ゅ⇔バ∇ジゎ͡ (And t hey st ayed in t heir Cave t hree hundred years, adding nine.) meaning, nine more lunar years t o subst it ut e for t he difference bet ween lunar and solar years, t hus agreeing wit h t he t hree hundred years t hat t he People of t he Book knew about . We should assert again t hat t he t ime period we ment ioned here was bet ween ` Isa, t he last Prophet t o t he Children of Israel, and Muhammad , t he Last Prophet and Messenger among t he children of Adam. In t he Sahih collect ed by Al-Bukhari, Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヶ͡レ∇Βよ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ∩ゅ∠ルほ∠ャ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ͡ ∇よゅ͡よ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ ラ ｚ ま͡» «ヶ͡らル∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ (I, among all people, have t he most right t o t he son of Maryam, for t here was no Prophet bet ween Him and I.) This Hadit h refut es t he opinion of Al-Quda` i and ot hers, t hat t here was a Prophet aft er ` Isa called Khalid bin Sinan. Allah sent Muhammad aft er a period of t ime during which t here was no Prophet , clear pat h, or unchanged religions. Idol worshipping, fire worshipping and cross worshipping flourished during t his t ime. Therefore, t he bount y of sending Muhammad was t he perfect bount y at a t ime when he was needed t he most . Evil had filled t he eart h by t hen, and t yranny and ignorance had t ouched all t he servant s, except a few of t hose who remained loyal t o t he t rue t eachings of previous Prophet s, such as some Jewish rabbis, Christ ian priest s and Sabian monks. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Iyad bin Himar AlMuj ash` i said t hat t he Prophet gave a speech one day and said,

ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤヰ͡ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユム⊥ ヨ∠ ヤあハ ∠ ぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ヶ͡ルゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ » ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヤエ ∠ ル∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠ョ ぁモミ⊥ ∩や∠グワ∠ ヶ͡ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡プ ヶ͡レヨ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚミ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠ヘレ∠ ェ ⊥ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ ∩∀メゅ∠ヤェ ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ Α͡キ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わヤｚッ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わゎ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡デゅ∠Βゼ ｚ ャや ヶ͡よ やヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤヤ∠∇ェぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ ル∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ∩ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇メゴあ ル∠ ぺ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅｚャま͡ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ∠ イ ∠ハ ∠ ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ボ∠ ヨ∠プ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴャ͡ま マ ∠ Β∠ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇よほ∠ャ͡ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ ∩∠モΒ͡もや∠ゲ∇シま͡ ヶ͡レよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠Αゅ∠ボよ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ジ ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ゅ⇔よゅ∠わミ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ャゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠マよ͡ ヶ ∠ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヶ͡ルゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠ラゅ∠ヌ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ͡もゅ∠ル ロ⊥ ぺ⊥ゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ ∩⊥￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ∩ヶ͡シ∇ぺケ∠ やヲ⊥ピヤ∠∇んΑ∠ ∇ラク∠ ま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔ゼ∇Α∠ゲホ⊥ ベ ∠ ゲあ ェ ∠ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ィゲ͡ ∇ガわ∠ ∇シや :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩⇔りゴ∠ ∇らカ ⊥ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ハギ∠ Β∠ プ∠

∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ペヘ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ポゴ͡ ∇ピル⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ゴ⊥ ∇ビやヱ ∩∠ポヲ⊥ィゲ∠ ∇ガわ∠ ∇シや ∩⊥ヮャ∠ゅ∠ん∇ョぺ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ∇ゑバ∠ ∇らル∠ ゅ⇔ゼ∇Βィ ∠ ∇ゑバ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ ∩∠マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ∠ ヘ͡ ∇レレ⊥ ジ ∠ プ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ポゅ∠ダハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ マ ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ よ͡ ∇モゎ͡ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀ベギあ ダ ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ∀ペプｚ ∠ヲョ⊥ ∀テ͡ジ∇ボョ⊥ ラ ∃ ゅト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヱ⊥ ク :∀る∠をゅ∠ヤ∠を ∩∃ユヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠よ∇ゲホ⊥ ヵ͡ク あモム⊥ よ͡ ょ ͡ ∇ヤボ∠ ∇ャや ペ ⊥ Β͡ホケ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ェ∠ケ モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ .(ベ ∀ ギあ ダ ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ) メ ∃ ゅ∠Βハ ͡ ヱ⊥ク ∀ゲΒ͡ボ∠プ ∀ブΒ͡ヘ∠ハ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ リΑ͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡キ ゅ∠ャ ヵグｚャや ブ ⊥ Β͡バツ ｚ ャや :る∀ ジ ∠ ∇ヨカ ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ゅ⇔ヤ∇ワぺ∠ ラヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ヴΒ∇エΑ∠ マ ｚセ ∠ ゅ⇔バら∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀ノら∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ノ∀ ヨ∠ デ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ヘ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ヵ͡グャｚや リ ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠ガ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩ゅ⇔ャゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヨΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ウ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ダΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮル∠ ゅ∠カ ゅｚャま͡ ベ ｚ キ∠ ヱ͡ ぺ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ガら∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ミ∠ ク∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ マ ∠ハ ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠ガΑ⊥ «ズ͡ェゅ∠ヘャや :ゲ∠ Β͡ヌ∇レゼ あ ャや∠ヱ ゆ ∠ やｚグム∠ ∇ャや (My Lord has commanded me t o t each you what you have no knowledge of and of which He t aught me t his day, ` All t he wealt h t hat I gave t o My servant s is permissible. I creat ed all My servant s Hunafa (monot heist s). But , t he devils came t o t hem and deviat ed t hem from t heir religion, prohibit ed for t hem what I allowed and commanded t hem t o associat e ot hers wit h Me in worship , which I gave no permission for.' Then Allah looked at t he people of t he eart h and disliked t hem all, t he Arabs and non-Arabs among t hem, except a few from among t he Children of Israel. Allah said (t o me), ` I only sent you t o t est you and t o t est wit h you. I sent t o you a Book t hat cannot be washed by wat er (it is et ernal), and you will read it while asleep and while awake.' Allah has also Commanded me t o burn (dest roy) Quraysh. So I said, ` O Lord! They will smash my head and leave it like a piece of bread.' He said, ` I will drive t hem out as t hey drove you out , and when you invade t hem We will help you. Spend on t hem (your companions) and We will spend on you, send an army and We will send five armies like it (in it s support ). Fight wit h t hose who obey you, against t hose who disobey you. And t he inhabit ant s of Paradise are t hree: a j ust , prosperous, and charit able ruler; A merciful man who has a kind heart t oward every relat ive and every Muslim; a forgiving, poor man wit h dependant s who is charit able . And t he inhabit ant s of t he Fire are five: t he weak one wit h no religion; t hose who follow aft er you not for family reasons nor wealt h; and t he t reacherous who does not hide his t reachery, act ing t reacherous in even t he most insignificant mat t ers; and a person who comes every

morning and every evening, is cheat ing your family or your wealt h.') And he ment ioned t he st ingy, or t he liar, and t he foulmout hed person.'' Therefore, t he Hadit h st at es t hat Allah looked at t he people of t he eart h and disliked t hem all, bot h t he Arabs and non-Arabs among t hem, except a few among t he Children of Israel, or a few among t he People of t he Book as Muslim recorded. The religion was dist ort ed and changed for t he people of t he eart h unt il Allah sent Muhammad , and Allah, t hus, guided t he creat ures and t ook t hem away from t he darkness t o t he light and placed t hem on a clear pat h and a glorious Law. Allah said,

びゲ∃ Α͡グル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ Β͡ゼよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ (lest you say, "There came unt o us no bringer of glad t idings and no warner.") meaning, so t hat you, who changed t he t rue religion, do not make it an excuse and say, "No Messenger came t o us bringing glad t idings and warning against evil.'' There has come t o you a bringer of good news and a warner, Muhammad .

び∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is able t o do all t hings. ) Ibn Jarir said t his part of t he Ayah means, "I am able t o punish t hose who disobey Me and t o reward t hose who obey Me.''

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ⇒∠Α ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ⇔ミヲ⊥ヤョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠Βら͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠Α - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや リあョ や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ れ ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや る∠ シ ∠ ギｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ャや チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠カ やヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ ∇レわ∠ プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヱぁギゎ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠カ ⊥ ∇ギルｚ リ∠ャ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ケゅｚらィ ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョゅ∠Α ゅｚルみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ∠ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ͡Κ ∠ ィ ⊥ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ͡ キ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ キ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ら∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ヤミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡⇒∠ビ

ゅ∠ヰΒプ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ョや∠キ ゅｚョ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰヤ∠カ ⊥ ∇ギルｚ ∇リャ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ⇒∠ホ ゅ∠レヰ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ゅｚル͡ま Κ͡ゎゅ∠ボプ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ょワ∠ ∇クゅ∠プ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ベゲ⊥ ∇プゅ∠プ ヴ͡カぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ョぺ∠ Ι ヴあルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ る∀ ョ∠ ゲｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ͡み∠プ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ∠ ∇ほゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰΒ͡わΑ∠ る⇔ レ∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや (20. And (remember) when Musa said t o his people: "O my people! Remember t he favor of Allah t o you: when He made Prophet s among you, made you kings and gave you what He had not given t o any ot her among t he nat ions (Al-` Alamin).'') (21. "O my people! Ent er t he Holy Land which Allah has assigned t o you and t urn not back; for t hen you will be ret urned as losers.'') (22. They said: "O Musa! In it are a people of great st rengt h, and we shall never ent er it , t ill t hey leave it ; when t hey leave, t hen we will ent er.'') (23. Two men of t hose who feared (Allah and) on whom Allah had best owed His grace said: "Assault t hem t hrough t he gat e; for when you are in, vict ory will be yours. And put your t rust in Allah if you are believers indeed.'') (24. They said: "O Musa! We shall never ent er it as long as t hey are t here. So go, you and your Lord, and fight you t wo, we are sit t ing right here.'') (25. He Musa said: "O my Lord! I have power only over myself and my brot her, so Ifruq us from t he rebellious people!'') (26. (Allah) said: "Therefore it is forbidden t o t hem for fort y years; in dist ract ion t hey will wander t hrough t he land. So do not greive for t he rebellious people.'')

Allah st at es t hat His servant , Messenger, t o whom He spoke direct ly, Musa, t he son of ` Imran, reminded his people t hat among t he favors Allah grant ed t hem, is t hat He will give t hem all of t he good of t his life and t he Hereaft er, if t hey remain on t he right eous and st raight pat h. Allah said,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ⇒∠Α ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び￢∠ べ∠Βら͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (And (remember) when Musa said t o his people: "O my people! Remember t he favor of Allah t o you, when He made Prophet s among you,) for whenever a Prophet died, anot her rose among t hem, from t he t ime of t heir fat her Ibrahim and t hereaft er. There were many Prophet s among t he Children of Israel calling t o Allah and warning against His t orment , unt il ` Isa was sent as t he final Prophet from t he Children of Israel. Allah t hen sent down t he revelat ion t o t he Final Prophet and Messenger, Muhammad, t he son of ` Abdullah, from t he offspring of Isma` il, t he son of Ibrahim, peace be upon t hem. Muhammad is t he most honorable Prophet of all t imes. Allah said next ,

びゅ⇔ミヲ⊥ヤョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (made you kings) ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed: "Having a servant , a wife and a house.'' In his Must adrak, Al-Hakim recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "A wife and a servant , and, a

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや リあョ や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ れ ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (and gave you what He had not given t o any ot her among t he nat ions (` Alamin).) means, during t heir t ime.'' Al-Hakim said, "Sahih according t o t he crit eria of t he Two Sahihs, but t hey did not collect it .'' Qat adah said, "They were t he first people t o t ake servant s.'' A Hadit h st at es,

ヶ͡プ ゅ⇔レョ͡ へ ∩͡ロギ͡ ジ ∠ィ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヴ⇔プゅ∠バョ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇れゴ∠ Β͡ェ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ほ∠ム∠ プ∠ ∩͡ヮョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ∇ゲシ ͡ «ゅ∠ワゲ͡ Β͡プや∠グエ ∠ よ͡ (He among you who wakes up while healt hy in body, safe in his family and having t he provision for t hat very day, is as if t he world and all t hat was in it were collect ed for him.) Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや リあョ や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ れ ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (and gave you what He had not given t o any ot her among t he nat ions (Al-` Alamin).) means, during your t ime, as we st at ed. The Children of Israel were t he most honorable among t he people of t heir t ime, compared t o t he Greek, Copt s and t he rest of mankind. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

∠りヲｚ ら⊥ レぁ ャや∠ヱ ユ∠ ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Βヨ∠ヤ⇒∠バ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤツ ｚ プ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ び (And indeed We gave t he Children of Israel t he Script ure, and t he underst anding of t he Script ure and it s laws, and t he Prophet hood; and provided t hem wit h good t hings, and preferred t hem above t he nat ions (Al-` Alamin).) Allah said,

る∀ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ べ∠レャｚ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヰ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∀モ͡ト⇒∠よ∠ヱ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅｚョ ∀ゲらｚ ∠わョ⊥ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ピ∇よぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠ツ ｚ プ∠ (They said: "O Musa! Make for us a god as t hey have gods.'' He said: "Verily, you are an ignorant people.'' Musa added: "Verily, t hese people will be dest royed for t hat which t hey are engaged in (idol worship).'' And all t hat t hey are doing is in vain. He said: "Shall I seek for you a god ot her t han Allah, while He has given you superiorit y over t he nat ions.'') Therefore, t hey were t he best among t he people of t heir t ime. The Muslim Ummah is more respect ed and honored before Allah, and has a more perfect legislat ive code and syst em of life, it has t he most honorable Prophet , t he larger kingdom, more provisions, wealt h and children, a larger domain and more last ing glory t han t he Children of Israel. Allah said,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャあ ゅ⇔トシ ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや (Thus We have made you, a j ust (t he best ) nat ion, t hat you be wit nesses over mankind.) We ment ioned t he Mut awat ir Hadit hs about t he honor of t his Ummah and it s st at us and honor wit h Allah, when we explained Allah's st at ement in Surah Al-` Imran (3),

びサ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ∇ろィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミぴ (You are t he best of peoples ever raised up for mankind...) Allah st at es next t hat Musa encouraged t he Children of Israel t o perform Jihad and ent er Jerusalem, which was under t heir cont rol during t he t ime of t heir fat her Ya` qub. Ya` qub and his children lat er moved wit h his children and household t o Egypt during t he t ime of Prophet Yusuf. His offspring remained in Egypt unt il t heir exodus wit h Musa. They found a might y, st rong people in Jerusalem who had previously t aken it over. Musa, Allah's Messenger, ordered t he Children of Israel t o ent er Jerusalem and fight t heir enemy, and he promised t hem vict ory and t riumph over t he might y people if t hey did so. They declined, rebelled and defied his order and were punished for fort y years by being lost , wandering in t he land uncert ain of where t hey should go. This was t heir punishment for defying Allah's command. Allah said t hat Musa ordered t hem t o ent er t he Holy Land,

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ヴ͡わャｚやぴ (which Allah has assigned t o you) meaning, which Allah has promised t o you by t he words of your fat her Isra'il, t hat it is t he inherit ance of t hose among you who believe.

び∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヱぁギゎ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t urn not back) in flight from Jihad.

ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョゅ∠Α やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボレ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠カ ∇やヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠わプ∠ ぴ ラ͡みプ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠カ ⊥ ∇ギルｚ リ∠ャ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ケゅｚらィ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ͡ キ∠ ゅｚルみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ (". ..for t hen you will be ret urned as losers.'' They said, "O Musa! In it are a people of great st rengt h, and we shall never ent er it , t ill t hey leave it ; when t hey leave, t hen we will ent er.") Their excuse was t his, in t his very t own you commanded us t o ent er and fight it s people, t here is a might y, st rong, vicious people who have t remendous physique and physical abilit y. We are unable t o st and against t hese people or fight t hem. Therefore, t hey said, we are incapable of ent ering t his cit y as long as t hey are st ill in it , but if t hey leave it , we will ent er it . Ot herwise, we cannot st and against t hem.

The Speeches of Yuwsha` (Joshua) and Kalib (Caleb) Allah said,

びゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ∠ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ͡Κ ∠ ィ ⊥ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (Two men of t hose who feared (Allah and) on whom Allah had best owed His grace said...) When t he Children of Israel declined t o obey Allah and follow His Messenger Musa, t wo right eous men among t hem, on whom Allah had best owed a great bount y and who were afraid of Allah and His punishment , encouraged t hem t o go forward. It was also said t hat t he Ayah reads in a way t hat means t hat t hese men were respect ed and honored by t heir people. These t wo men were Yuwsha` , t he son of Nun, and Kalib, t he son of Yufna, as Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, ` At iyyah, As-Suddi, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and several ot her Salaf and lat t er scholars st at ed. These t wo men said t o t heir people,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡⇒∠ビ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ キ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ら∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キやぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ヤミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ("Assault t hem t hrough t he gat e, for when you are in, vict ory will be yours. And put your t rust in Allah if you are believers indeed.") Therefore, t hey said, if you rely on and t rust in Allah, follow His command and obey His Messenger, t hen Allah will give you vict ory over your enemies and will give you t riumph and dominance over t hem. Thus, you will conquer t he cit y t hat Allah has promised you. This advice did not benefit t hem in t he least ,

ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ョや∠キ ゅｚョ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰヤ∠カ ⊥ ∇ギルｚ ∇リャ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ⇒∠ホ ゅ∠レヰ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ゅｚル͡ま Κ͡ゎゅ∠ボプ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ょワ∠ ∇クゅ∠プ (They said, "O Musa! We shall never ent er it as long as t hey are t here. So go, you and your Lord, and fight you t wo, we are sit t ing right here.") This is how t hey declined t o j oin Jihad, defied t heir Messenger, and refused t o fight t heir enemy.

The Righteous Response of the Companions During the Battle of Badr Compare t his t o t he bet t er response t he Companions gave t o t he Messenger of Allah during t he bat t le of Badr, when he asked for t heir advice about fight ing t he Quraysh army t hat came t o prot ect t he caravan led by Abu Sufyan. When t he Muslim army missed t he caravan and t he Quraysh army, bet ween nine hundred and one t housand st rong, helmet ed and drawing closer, Abu Bakr st ood up and said somet hing good. Several more Muhaj irin also spoke, all t he while t he Messenger of Allah saying,

«ラヲヨヤジヨャや ゅヰΑぺ ヶヤハ やヱゲΒセぺ» (Advise me, O Muslims!) inquiring of what t he Ansar, t he maj orit y t hen, had t o say. Sa` d bin Mu` adh said, "It looks like you mean us, O Messenger of Allah! By He Who has sent you wit h t he Trut h! If you seek t o cross t his sea and went in it , we will follow you and none among us will remain behind. We would not hat e for you t o lead us t o meet our enemy t omorrow. We are pat ient in war, vicious in bat t le. May Allah allow you t o wit ness from our effort s what comfort s your eyes. Therefore, march forward wit h t he blessing of Allah.'' The Messenger of Allah () was pleased wit h t he words of Sa` d and was encouraged t o march on. Abu Bakr bin Marduwyah recorded t hat Anas said t hat when t he Messenger of Allah went t o Badr, he asked t he Muslims for t heir opinion, and ` Umar gave his. The Prophet again asked t he Muslims for t heir opinion and t he Ansar said, "O Ansar! It is you whom t he Prophet want s t o hear.'' They said, "We will never say as t he Children of Israel said t o Musa,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ⇒∠ホ ゅ∠レヰ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ゅｚル͡ま Κ͡ゎゅ∠ボプ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ょワ∠ ∇クゅ∠プぴ (So go, you and your Lord, and fight you t wo, we are sit t ing right here.) By He Who has sent you wit h t he Trut h! If you t ook t he camels t o Bark Al-Ghimad (near Makkah) we shall follow you.'' Imam Ahmad, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Hibban also recorded t his Hadit h. In t he Book of AlMaghazi and At -Tafsir, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "On t he day of Badr, Al-Miqdad said, ` O Messenger of Allah! We will never say t o you what t he Children of Israel said t o Musa,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ⇒∠ホ ゅ∠レヰ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ゅｚル͡ま Κ͡ゎゅ∠ボプ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ょワ∠ ∇クゅ∠プぴ (So go, you and your Lord, and fight you t wo, we are sit t ing right here.) Rat her, march on and we will be wit h you.' The Messenger of Allah was sat isfied aft er hearing t his st at ement .''

Musa Supplicates to Allah Against the Jews Musa said,

∇ベゲ⊥ ∇プゅ∠プ ヴ͡カぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ョぺ∠ Ι ヴあルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ("O my Lord! I have power only over myself and my brot her, so separat e us from t he rebellious people!") When t he Children of Israel refused t o fight , Musa became very angry wit h t hem and supplicat ed t o Allah against t hem,

びヴ͡カぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ョぺ∠ Ι ヴあルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ (O my Lord! I have power only over myself and my brot her') meaning, only I and my brot her Harun among t hem will obey, implement Allah's command and accept t he call,

びリ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ベゲ⊥ ∇プゅ∠プぴ (So Ifruq us from t he rebellious people!) Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Meaning, j udge bet ween us and t hem.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed similarly from him. Ad-Dahhak said t hat t he Ayah means, "Judge and decide bet ween us and t hem.'' Ot her scholars said t hat t he Ayah means, "Separat e bet ween us and t hem.''

Forbidding the Jews from Entering the Holy Land for Forty Years Allah said,

ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰΒ͡わΑ∠ る⇔ レ∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ る∀ ョ∠ ゲｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ͡み∠プぴ びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや (Therefore it is forbidden t o t hem for fort y years; in dist ract ion t hey will wander t hrough t he land.) When Musa supplicat ed against t he Jews for refusing t o fight in Jihad, Allah forbade t hem from ent ering t he land for fort y years. They wandered about lost in t he land of At -Tih, unable t o find t heir way out . During t his t ime, t remendous miracles occurred, such as t he clouds t hat shaded t hem and t he manna and quails Allah sent down for t hem. Allah brought fort h wat er springs from solid rock, and t he ot her miracles t hat He aided Musa bin ` Imran wit h. During t his t ime, t he Tawrah was revealed and t he Law was est ablished for t he Children of Israel and t he Tabernacle of t he Covenant was erect ed.

Conquering Jerusalem Allah's st at ement ,

びる⇔ レ∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ぴ (for fort y years;) defines,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰΒ͡わΑ∠ ぴ (in dist ract ion t hey will wander t hrough t he land.) When t hese years ended, Yuwsha` bin Nun led t hose who remained among t hem and t he second generat ion, and laid siege t o Jerusalem, conquering it on a Friday aft ernoon. When t he sun was about t o set and Yuwsha` feared t hat t he Sabbat h would begin, he said (t o t he sun), "You are commanded and I am commanded, as well. O Allah! Make it st op set t ing for me.'' Allah made t he sun st op set t ing unt il Yuwsha` bin Nun conquered Jerusalem. Next , Allah commanded Yuwsha` t o order t he Children of Israel t o ent er Jerusalem from it s gat e while bowing and saying Hit t ah, meaning, ` remove our sins.' Yet , t hey changed what t hey were commanded and ent ered it while dragging t hemselves on t heir behinds and saying, ` Habbah (a seed) in Sha` rah (a hair).'' We ment ioned all of t his in t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Baqarah. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed,

ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰΒ͡わΑ∠ る⇔ レ∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ る∀ ョ∠ ゲｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ͡み∠プぴ びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや

(Therefore it is forbidden t o t hem for fort y years; in dist ract ion t hey will wander t hrough t he land.) "They wandered in t he land for fort y years, during which Musa and Harun died, as well as everyone above fort y years of age. When t he fort y years ended, Yuwsha` son of Nun assumed t heir leadership and lat er conquered Jerusalem. When Yuwsha` was reminded t hat t he day was Friday and t he sun was about t o set , while t hey were st ill at t acking Jerusalem, he feared t hat t he Sabbat h might begin. Therefore, he said t o t he sun, ` I am commanded and you are commanded.' Allah made t he sun st op set t ing and t he Jews conquered Jerusalem and found wealt h unseen before. They want ed t o let t he fire consume t he boot y, but t he fire would not do t hat . Yuwsha` said, ` Some of you have commit t ed t heft from t he boot y.' So he summoned t he t welve leaders of t he t welve t ribes and t ook t he pledge from t hem. Then, t he hand of one of t hem became st uck t o t he hand of Yuwsha` and Yuwsha` said, ` You commit t ed t he t heft , so bring it fort h.' So, t hat man brought a cow's head made of gold wit h t wo eyes made of precious st ones and a set of t eet h made of pearls. When Yuwsha` added it t o t he boot y, t he fire consumed it , as t hey were prohibit ed t o keep t he boot y.'' There is evidence support ing all of t his in t he Sahih.

Allah Comforts Musa Confort ing Musa, Allah said

びリ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ∠ ∇ほゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So do not greive for t he rebellious people.) Allah said: Do not feel sorrow or sadness over My j udgment against t hem, for t hey deserve such j udgment . This st ory chast ises t he Jews, exposes t heir defiance of Allah and His Messenger, and t heir refusal t o obey t he order for Jihad. They were weak and could not bear t he t hought of fight ing t heir enemy, being pat ient , and enduring t his way. This occurred alt hough t hey had t he Messenger of Allah and t he one whom He spoke t o among t hem, t he best of Allah's creat ion t hat t ime. Their Prophet promised t hem t riumph and vict ory against t heir enemies. They also wit nessed t he t orment and punishment of drowning wit h which Allah punished t heir enemy Fir` awn and his soldiers, so t hat t heir eyes were pleased and comfort ed. All t his did not happen t oo long ago, yet t hey refused t o perform Jihad against people who had less t han a t ent h of t he power and st rengt h t han t he people of Egypt had. Therefore, t he evil works of t he Jews were exposed t o everyone, and t he exposure was such an enormous one t hat t he night , or t he t ail, can never cover it s t racks. They were also blinded by t heir ignorance and t ransgression. Thus, t hey became hat ed by Allah, and t hey became His enemies. Yet , t hey claim t hat t hey are Allah's children and His loved ones! May Allah curse t heir faces t hat were t ransformed t o t he shape of swine and apes, and may Allah's curse accompany t hem t o t he raging Fire. May Allah make t hem abide in t he Fire for et ernit y, and He did; all t hanks are due t o Him.

ゅ⇔レ⇒∠よ∇ゲホ⊥ ゅ∠よゲｚ ホ∠ ∇クま͡ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ュ∠ キ∠ や∇￢ ∇ヴレ∠ ∇よや ほ∠ら∠ ル∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇ゎや∠ヱぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゲ͡ カ ∠Ι ｘや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇モらｚ ボ∠ わ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ͡ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ͡ョ モ ∠ あらボ⊥ わ⊥ プ∠ リ͡ゃャ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ⊥ らｚ ボ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ レｚヤ∠わ⊥ ∇ホΙ ∂ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン ∠ ギ͡ Α∠ テ ∃シ ͡ ゅ∠らよ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヴ͡レヤ∠わ⊥ ∇ボわ∠ ャ͡ ポ ∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ろ ∠ ト∠ジよ∠

ギ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ ヴあルま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ｚ ケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ マ ∠ ヤ∠わ⊥ ∇ホΙ ６ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ヨ͡ ∇をま͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ヨ∇をみ͡よ͡ ￢∠ ヲ⊥らゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ∠ ∇わホ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ ⊥ ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろハ ∠ ヲｚ ト ∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゑ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠わ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ ン͡ケや∠ヲΑ⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヮ⊥ Α∠ ゲ͡ Β⊥ ャ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゑ ⊥ エ ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ゲビ ⊥ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゴイ ∠ハ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠わ∠ヤ∇Α∠ヲ⇒∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ り∠ ￢∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ヴ͡カぺ∠ り∠ ￢∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ヵ ∠ ケ͡ や∠ヱほ⊥プ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠ゲピ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ びリ ∠ Βョ͡ ギ͡ ⇒ｚレャや (27. And recit e t o t hem t he st ory of t he t wo sons of Adam in t rut h; when each offered a sacrifice, it was accept ed from t he one but not from t he ot her. The lat t er said t o t he former: "I will surely, kill you.'' The former said: "Verily, Allah accept s only from t hose who have Taqwa.) (28. "If you do st ret ch your hand against me t o kill me, I shall never st ret ch my hand against you t o kill you, for I fear Allah; t he Lord of all t hat exist s.'') (29. "Verily, I int end t o let you draw my sin on yourself as well as yours, t hen you will be one of t he dwellers of t he Fire, and t hat is t he recompense of t he wrongdoers.'') (30. So t he soul of t he ot her encouraged him and made fair-seeming t o him t he murder of his brot her; he murdered him and became one of t he losers.) (31. Then Allah sent a crow who scrat ched t he ground t o show him how t o hide t he dead body of his brot her. He said: "Woe t o me! Am I not even able t o be as t his crow and t o hide t he dead body of my brot her'' Then he became one of t hose who regret t ed.)

The Story of Habil (Abel) and Qabil (Cain) Allah describes t he evil end and consequence of t ransgression, envy and inj ust ice in t he st ory of t he t wo sons of Adam, Habil and Qabil. One of t hem fought against t he ot her and killed him out of envy and t ransgression, because of t he bount y t hat Allah gave his brot her and because t he sacrifice t hat he sincerely offered t o Allah was accept ed. The murdered brot her earned forgiveness for his sins and was admit t ed int o Paradise, while t he murderer failed and earned a losing deal in bot h t he lives. Allah said,

びペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ュ∠ キ∠ や∇￢ ∇ヴレ∠ ∇よや ほ∠ら∠ ル∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇ゎや∠ヱぴ (And recit e t o t hem t he st ory of t he t wo sons of Adam in t rut h;) meaning, t ell t hese envious, unj ust people, t he brot hers of swine and apes from t he Jews and t heir likes among mankind, t he st ory of t he t wo sons of Adam, Habil and Qabil, as many scholars among t he Salaf and lat er generat ions said. Allah's st at ement ,

びペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よぴ (in t rut h;) means, clearly and wit hout ambiguit y, alt erat ion, confusion, change, addit ion or delet ion. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

びペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ゾ ⊥ ダ ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t his is t he t rue narrat ive about t he st ory of ` Isa ,)

びペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ワほ∠ら∠ ル マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぁゾボ⊥ ル∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ぴ (We narrat e unt o you t heir st ory wit h t rut h, ) and,

びペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (Such is ` Isa, son of Maryam. (It is) a st at ement of t rut h.) Several scholars among t he Salaf and t he lat er generat ions said t hat Allah allowed Adam t o marry his daught ers t o his sons because of t he necessit y of such act ion. They also said t hat in every pregnancy, Adam was given a t win, a male and a female, and he used t o give t he female of one t win, t o t he male of t he ot her t win, in marriage. Habil's sist er was not beaut iful while Qabil's sist er was beaut iful, result ing in Qabil want ing her for himself, inst ead of his brot her. Adam refused unless t hey bot h offer a sacrifice, and he whose sacrifice was accept ed, would marry Qabil's sist er. Habil's sacrifice was accept ed, while Qabil's sacrifice was rej ect ed, and t hus what Allah t old us about t hem occurred. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said -- t hat during t he t ime of Adam -- "The woman was not allowed in marriage for her male t win, but Adam was commanded t o marry her t o any of her ot her brot hers. In each pregnancy, Adam was given a t win, a male and a female. A beaut iful daught er was once born for Adam and anot her one t hat was not beaut iful. So t he t win brot her of t he ugly daught er said, ` Marry your sist er t o me and I will marry my sist er t o you.' He said, ` No, for I have more right t o my sist er.' So t hey bot h offered a sacrifice. The sacrifice of t he one who offered t he sheep was accept ed while t he sacrifice of t he ot her t he t win brot her of t he beaut iful daught er , which consist ed of some produce, was not accept ed. So t he lat t er killed his brot her.'' This st ory has a bet t er t han good chain of narrat ion. The st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ らｚ ボ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ ("Verily, Allah accept s only from t hose who have Taqwa.) who fear Allah in t heir act ions. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Ad-Darda' said, "If I become cert ain t hat Allah has accept ed even one prayer from me, it will be bet t er for me t han t his life and all t hat in it . This is because Allah says,

びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ らｚ ボ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah accept s only from t he t hose who have Taqwa.) The st at ement ,

ン ∠ ギ͡ Α∠ テ ∃シ ͡ ゅ∠らよ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヴ͡レヤ∠わ⊥ ∇ボわ∠ ャ͡ ポ ∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ろ ∠ ト∠ジよ∠ リ͡ゃャ∠ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ｚ ケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ マ ∠ ヤ∠わ⊥ ∇ホΙ ６ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ("If you do st ret ch your hand against me t o kill me, I shall never st ret ch my hand against you t o kill you, for I fear Allah; t he Lord of all t hat exist s.") Qabil's brot her, t he pious man whose sacrifice was accept ed because of his piet y, said t o his brot her, who t hreat ened t o kill him wit hout j ust ificat ion,

ン ∠ ギ͡ Α∠ テ ∃シ ͡ ゅ∠らよ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヴ͡レヤ∠わ⊥ ∇ボわ∠ ャ͡ ポ ∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ろ ∠ ト∠ジよ∠ リ͡ゃャ∠ぴ びマ ∠ ヤ∠わ⊥ ∇ホΙ ６ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ (If you do st ret ch your hand against me t o kill me, I shall never st ret ch my hand against you t o kill you,) I will not commit t he same evil act t hat you t hreat en t o commit , so t hat I will not earn t he same sin as you,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ｚ ケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ぴ (for I fear Allah; t he Lord of t he all t hat exist s.) and, as a result , I will not commit t he error t hat you t hreat en t o commit . Rat her, I will observe pat ience and endurance. ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said, "By Allah! Habil was t he st ronger of t he t wo men. But , fear of Allah rest rict ed his hand.'' The Prophet said in a Hadit h recorded in t he Two Sahihs,

メ ⊥ ヲ⊥わ∇ボヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ⊥ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ Β∠ヘ∇Βジ ∠ よ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ∠ ィ ∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ や∠クま͡» «ケゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ (When t wo Muslims fight (meet ) each ot her wit h t heir swords, bot h t he murderer as well as t he murdered will go t o t he Hellfire.) They said, "O Allah's Messenger! It is all right for t he murderer, but what about t he vict im'' Allah's Messenger replied,

«ヮ͡らェ ͡ ゅ∠タ モ ͡ ∇わホ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ゅ⇔ダΑ͡ゲェ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮｚルま͡»

(He surely had t he int ent ion t o kill his comrade.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat , at t he beginning of t he calamit y t hat ` Ut hman suffered from, Sa` d bin Abi Waqqas said, "I bear wit ness t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩͡ユも͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ギ⊥ ハ ͡ ゅ∠ボャや る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ シ ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡» リ ∠ ョ͡ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヶ͡セゅ∠ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩ヶ͡セゅ∠ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ユ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや∠ヱ «ヶ͡ハゅｚジャや (There will be a Fit nah, and he who sit s idle during it is bet t er t han he who st ands up, and he who st ands up in it is bet t er t han he who walks, and he who walks is bet t er t han he who is walking at a fast pace.) When he was asked, ` What if someone ent ers my home and st ret ched his hand t o kill me' He said,

«ュ∠キへ リ ͡ ∇よゅ∠ミ ∇リミ⊥ » (Be j ust like (t he pious) son of Adam.)'' At -Tirmidhi also recorded it t his way, and said, "This Hadit h is Hasan, and similar is report ed on t his subj ect from Abu Hurayrah, Khabbab bin AlArat t , Abu Bakr, Ibn Mas` ud, Abu Waqid and Abu Musa.'' The Qur'an cont inues,

∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ヨ͡ ∇をま͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ヨ∇をみ͡よ͡ ￢∠ ヲ⊥らゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ ヴあルま͡ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ("Verily, I int end t o let you draw my sin on yourself as well as yours, t hen you will be one of t he dwellers of t he Fire, and t hat is t he recompense of t he wrongdoers.") Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, AdDahhak, As-Suddi and Qat adah said t hat ,

びマ ∠ ヨ͡ ∇をま͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ヨ∇をみ͡よ͡ ￢∠ ヲ⊥らゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ ヴあルま͡ぴ ("Verily, I int end t o let you draw my sin on yourself as well as yours...") means, t he sin of murdering me, in addit ion t o your previous sins. Ibn Jarir recorded t his. Allah's st at ement ,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠わ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇わホ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ ⊥ ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろハ ∠ ヲｚ ト ∠ プ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや (So t he soul of t he ot her encouraged him and made fair-seeming t o him t he murder of his brot her; he murdered him and became one of t he losers.) means, his conscience encouraged

him t o kill his brot her by making it seem like a sensible t hing t o do, so he killed him, even aft er his brot her admonished him. Ibn Jarir said, "When he want ed t o kill his brot her, he st art ed t o t wist his neck. So Shayt an t ook an animal and placed it s head on a rock, t hen he t ook anot her rock, and similar is report ed on t his subj ect from Abu Hurayrah, Khabbab bin Al-Arat t , Abu Bakr, Ibn Mas` ud, Abu Waqid and Abu Musa.'' The Qur'an cont inues,

∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ヨ͡ ∇をま͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ヨ∇をみ͡よ͡ ￢∠ ヲ⊥らゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ ヴあルま͡ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ("Verily, I int end t o let you draw my sin on yourself as well as yours, t hen you will be one of t he dwellers of t he Fire, and t hat is t he recompense of t he wrongdoers.") Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, AdDahhak, As-Suddi and Qat adah said t hat ,

びマ ∠ ヨ͡ ∇をま͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ヨ∇をみ͡よ͡ ￢∠ ヲ⊥らゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ ヴあルま͡ぴ ("Verily, I int end t o let you draw my sin on yourself as well as yours...") means, t he sin of murdering me, in addit ion t o your previous sins. Ibn Jarir recorded t his. Allah's st at ement ,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠わ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇わホ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ ⊥ ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろハ ∠ ヲｚ ト ∠ プ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや (So t he soul of t he ot her encouraged him and made fair-seeming t o him t he murder of his brot her; he murdered him and became one of t he losers.) means, his conscience encouraged him t o kill his brot her by making it seem like a sensible t hing t o do, so he killed him, even aft er his brot her admonished him. Ibn Jarir said, "When he want ed t o kill his brot her, he st art ed t o t wist his neck. So Shayt an t ook an animal and placed it s head on a rock, t hen he t ook anot her rock, and smashed it s head wit h it unt il he killed it while t he son of Adam was looking. So he did t he same t hing t o his brot her.'' Ibn Abi Hat im also recorded t his. ` Abdullah bin Wahb said t hat ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said t hat his fat her said, "Qabil held Habil by t he head t o kill him, so Habil laid down for him and Qabil st art ed t wist ing Habil's head, not knowing how t o kill him. Shayt an came t o Qabil and said, ` Do you want t o kill him' He said, ` Yes.' Shayt an said, ` Take t hat st one and t hrow it on his head.' So Qabil t ook t he st one and t hrew it at his brot her's head and smashed his head. Shayt an t hen went t o Hawwa' in a hurry and said t o her, ` O Hawwa'! Qabil killed Habil.' She asked him, ` Woe t o you! What does ` kill' mean' He said, ` He will no longer eat , drink or move.' She said, ` And t hat is deat h' He said, ` Yes it is.' So she st art ed t o weep unt il Adam came t o her while she was weeping and said, ` What is t he mat t er wit h you' She did not answer him. He asked her t wo more t imes, but she did not answer him. So he said, ` You and your daught ers will inherit t he pract ice of weeping, while I and my sons are free of it .''' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded it . Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ぴ

(And became one of t he losers.) in t his life and t he Hereaft er, and which loss is worse t han t his Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

メ ͡ ヱｚ ほ∠∇ャや ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ͡ ∇よや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル モ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ボゎ⊥ ゅャ∠» «モ∇わボ∠ ∇ャや リ ｚシ ∠ ∇リョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ャ͡∩ゅ∠ヰョ͡ キ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀モ∇ヘ͡ミ (Any soul t hat is unj ust ly killed, t hen t he first son of Adam will carry a burden of it s shedding, for he was t he first t o pract ice t he crime of murder.) The Group, wit h t he except ion of Abu Dawud, also recorded t his Hadit h. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr used t o say, "The son of Adam, who killed his brot her, will be t he most miserable among men. There is no blood shed on eart h since he killed his brot her, unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, but he will carry a burden from it , for he was t he first person t o est ablish murder.'' Allah said,

ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヮ⊥ Α∠ ゲ͡ Β⊥ ャ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゑ ⊥ エ ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ゲビ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゑ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ プ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゴイ ∠ハ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠わ∠ヤ∇Α∠ヲ⇒∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ り∠ ￢∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ン͡ケや∠ヲΑ⊥ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ヴ͡カぺ∠ り∠ ￢∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ヵ ∠ ケ͡ や∠ヱほ⊥プ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠ゲピ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ びリ ∠ Β͡ョギ͡ ⇒ｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ (Then Allah sent a crow who scrat ched t he ground t o show him how t o hide t he dead body of his brot her. He (t he murderer) said, "Woe t o me! Am I not even able t o be as t his crow and t o hide t he dead body of my brot her'' Then he became one of t hose who regret t ed.) As-Suddi said t hat t he Companions said, "When his brot her died, Qabil left him on t he bare ground and did not know how t o bury him. Allah sent t wo crows, which fought wit h each ot her unt il one of t hem killed t he ot her. So it dug a hole and t hrew sand over t he dead corpse (which it placed in t he hole). When Qabil saw t hat , he said,

ゆ ͡ や∠ゲピ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゴイ ∠ハ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠わヤ∠∇Αヲ∠ ⇒∠Αぴ びヴ͡カぺ∠ り∠ ￢∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ヵ ∠ ケ͡ や∠ヱほ⊥プ∠ ("Woe t o me! Am I not even able t o be as t his crow and t o hide t he dead body of my brot her'') ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "A crow came t o t he dead corpse of anot her crow and t hrew sand over it , unt il it hid it in t he ground. He who killed his brot her said,

ゆ ͡ や∠ゲピ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゴイ ∠ハ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠わヤ∠∇Αヲ∠ ⇒∠Αぴ びヴカ ͡ ぺ∠ り∠ ￢∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ヵ ∠ ケ͡ や∠ヱほ⊥プ∠ (Woe t o me! Am I not even able t o be as t his crow and t o hide t he dead body of my brot her)'' Al-Hasan Al-Basri comment ed on t he st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ョギ͡ ⇒ｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then he became one of t hose who regret t ed.) "Allah made him feel sorrow aft er t he loss t hat he earned.''

The Swift Punishment for Transgression and Cutting the Relations of the Womb A Hadit h st at es t hat t he Prophet said,

ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ わ∠ よ∠ ヲ⊥ボハ ⊥ ぶ ⊥ や モ ∠イ あ バ∠ Α⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ケ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ょ ∃ ∇ルク∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» ヶ ͡ ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡ べ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ ら͡ェゅ∠ダャ͡ ゲ⊥ カ ͡ ギｚ Α∠ ゅ∠ョ ノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや «ユ͡ェゲｚ ャや る͡ バ∠ Β͡トホ∠ ヱ∠ (There is no sin t hat is more wort hy of Allah hast ening it s punishment in t his life, in addit ion t o what He has in st ore for it s offender in t he Hereaft er, more t han t ransgression and cut t ing t he relat ions of t he womb.) The act of Qabil included bot h of t hese. We are Allah's and t o Him is our ret urn.

リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク モ ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぴ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ∠ほ∠ム∠プ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ キ∃ ゅ∠ジプ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠Β∇ェ∠ぺ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ほ∠ム∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ャ∂ゅ͡よ ゅ∠レヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ ャ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ

ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ∇ヲバ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よケ͡ ゅ∠エΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ノ∠ ト ｚ ボ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らヤｚ∠ダΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわｚ ボ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ や⇔キゅ∠ジプ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ∇や∇ヲヘ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ヱぺ∠ ブ ∃ ⇒∠ヤカ ͡ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ヰヤ⊥ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ∀ン∇ゴ͡カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ケギ͡ ∇ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハゅ∠プ (32. Because of t hat , We ordained for t he Children of Israel t hat if anyone killed a person not in ret aliat ion of murder, or (and) t o spread mischief in t he land - it would be as if he killed all mankind, and if anyone saved a life, it would be as if he saved t he life of all mankind. And indeed, t here came t o t hem Our Messengers wit h Al-Bayyinat , even t hen aft er t hat many of t hem cont inued t o exceed t he limit s in t he land!) (33. The recompense of t hose who wage war against Allah and His Messenger and do mischief in t he land is only t hat t hey shall be killed or crucified, or t heir hands and t heir feet be cut off on opposit e sides, or be exiled from t he land. That is t heir disgrace in t his world, and a great t orment is t heirs in t he Hereaft er.) (34. Except for t hose who (having fled away and t hen) came back (as Muslims) wit h repent ance before t hey fall int o your power; in t hat case, know t hat Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

Human Beings Should Respect the Sanctity of Other Human Beings Allah says, because t he son of Adam killed his brot her in t ransgression and aggression,

びモ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (We ordained for t he Children of Israel...) meaning, We legislat ed for t hem and informed t hem,

ヴ͡プ キ∃ ゅ∠ジプ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ぴ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ∠ほ∠ム∠プ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠Β∇ェ∠ぺ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ∠ほ∠ム∠プ (t hat if anyone killed a person not in ret aliat ion of murder, or (and) t o spread mischief in t he land - it would be as if he killed all mankind, and if anyone saved a life, it would be as if he

saved t he life of all mankind.) The Ayah st at es, whoever kills a soul wit hout j ust ificat ion -such as in ret aliat ion for murder or for causing mischief on eart h -- will be as if he has killed all mankind, because t here is no difference bet ween one life and anot her.

びゅ∠ヰ⇒∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and if anyone saved a life...) by prevent ing it s blood from being shed and believing in it s sanct it y, t hen all people will have been saved from him, so,

びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠Β∇ェ∠ぺ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ∠ほ∠ム∠プぴ (it would be as if he saved t he life of all mankind.) Al-A` mash and ot hers said t hat Abu Salih said t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "I ent ered on ` Ut hman when he was under siege in his house and said, ` I came t o give you my support . Now, it is good t o fight (defending you) O Leader of t he Fait hful!' He said, ` O Abu Hurayrah! Does it please you t hat you kill all people, including me' I said, ` No.' He said, ` If you kill one man, it is as if you killed all people. Therefore, go back wit h my permission for you t o leave. May you receive your reward and be saved from burden.' So I went back and did not fight .''' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "It is as Allah has st at ed,

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ キ∃ ゅ∠ジプ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ リ∠ョぴ ゅ∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ほ∠ム∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ∠ほ∠ム∠プ びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや (if anyone killed a person not in ret aliat ion of murder, or (and) t o spread mischief in t he land it would be as if he killed all mankind, and if anyone saved a life, it would be as if he saved t he life of all mankind.) Saving life in t his case occurs by not killing a soul t hat Allah has forbidden. So t his is t he meaning of saving t he life of all mankind, for whoever forbids killing a soul wit hout j ust ificat ion, t he lives of all people will be saved from him.'' Similar was said by Muj ahid;

びゅ∠ヰ⇒∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And if anyone saved a life...) means, he refrains from killing a soul. Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ∠ほ∠ム∠プぴ

(it would be as if he killed all mankind. .) means, "Whoever kills one soul t hat Allah has forbidden killing, is j ust like he who kills all mankind.'' Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "He who allows himself t o shed t he blood of a Muslim, is like he who allows shedding t he blood of all people. He who forbids shedding t he blood of one Muslim, is like he who forbids shedding t he blood of all people.'' In addit ion, Ibn Jurayj said t hat Al-A` raj said t hat Muj ahid comment ed on t he Ayah,

びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ∠ほ∠ム∠プぴ (it would be as if he killed all mankind,) "He who kills a believing soul int ent ionally, Allah makes t he Fire of Hell his abode, He will become angry wit h him, and curse him, and has prepared a t remendous punishment for him, equal t o if he had killed all people, his punishment will st ill be t he same.'' Ibn Jurayj said t hat Muj ahid said t hat t he Ayah,

びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠Β∇ェ∠ぺ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ほ∠ム∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and if anyone saved a life, it would be as if he saved t he life of all mankind.) means, "He who does not kill anyone, t hen t he lives of people are safe from him.''

Warning Those who Commit Mischief Allah said,

びろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ャ∂ゅ͡よ ゅ∠レヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed, t here came t o t hem Our Messengers wit h Al-Bayyinat ,) meaning, clear evidences, signs and proofs,

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ ャ∠ (even t hen aft er t hat many of t hem cont inued t o exceed t he limit s in t he land!) This Ayah chast ises and crit icizes t hose who commit t he prohibit ions, aft er knowing t hat t hey are prohibit ed from indulging in t hem. The Jews of Al-Madinah, such as Banu Qurayzah, An-Nadir and Qaynuqa` , used t o fight along wit h eit her Khazraj or Aws, when war would erupt bet ween t hem during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah. When t hese wars would end, t he Jews would ransom t hose who were capt ured and pay t he blood money for t hose who were killed. Allah crit icized t hem for t his pract ice in Surat Al-Baqarah,

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢͡ べ∠ョキ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムヘ͡ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ケゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ｚユを⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヰ∠ ⇒∠ヌゎ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リあョ ユ⊥ムレあョ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠シぺ⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ラ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ギバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユ͡ ∇をΗ ͡ ゅ͡よ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽわ⊥ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ⊥ や∠ゲ∇カま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ュゲｚ ∠エョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥ギ⇒∠ヘゎ⊥ リ∠ョ ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヂ ͡ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅΒ∠ ∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∀ン∇ゴ͡カ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ マ ∠ ャ͡ク モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ モ ∃ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ピよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ャ∂や ギあ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁキゲ∠ Α⊥ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅｚヨハ ∠ (And (remember) when We t ook your covenant (saying): Shed not your (people's) blood, nor t urn out your own people from t heir dwellings. Then, (t his) you rat ified and (t o t his) you bear wit ness. Aft er t his, it is you who kill one anot her and drive out a part y of your own from t heir homes, assist (t heir enemies) against t hem, in sin and t ransgression. And if t hey come t o you as capt ives, you ransom t hem, alt hough t heir expulsion was forbidden t o you. Then do you believe in a part of t he Script ure and rej ect t he rest Then what is t he recompense of t hose who do so among you, except disgrace in t he life of t his world, and on t he Day of Resurrect ion t hey shall be consigned t o t he most grievous t orment . And Allah is not unaware of what you do.) 2:8485

The Punishment of those Who Cause Mischief in the Land Allah said next ,

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よケ͡ ゅ∠エΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ ∇やヲ⊥らヤｚ∠ダΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわｚ ボ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ や⇔キゅ∠ジプ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ∇ヲバ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠

リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇や∇ヲヘ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ヱぺ∠ ブ ∃ ⇒∠ヤカ ͡ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ヰヤ⊥ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ノ∠ ト ｚ ボ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや (The recompense of t hose who wage war against Allah and His Messenger and do mischief in t he land is only t hat t hey shall be killed or crucified or t heir hands and t heir feet be cut off on t he opposit e sides, or be exiled from t he land.) ` Wage war' ment ioned here means, oppose and cont radict , and it includes disbelief, blocking roads and spreading fear in t he fairways. Mischief in t he land refers t o various t ypes of evil. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat ` Ikrimah and Al-Hasan AlBasri said t hat t he Ayat ,

びヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よケ͡ ゅ∠エΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (The recompense of t hose who wage war against Allah and His Messenger) unt il,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Allah is Of-Forgiving, Most Merciful,) "Were revealed about t he idolat ors. Therefore, t he Ayah decrees t hat , whoever among t hem repent s before you apprehend t hem, t hen you have no right t o punish t hem. This Ayah does not save a Muslim from punishment if he kills, causes mischief in t he land or wages war against Allah and His Messenger and t hen j oins rank wit h t he disbelievers, before t he Muslims are able t o cat ch him. He will st ill be liable for punishment for t he crimes he commit t ed.'' Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i recorded t hat ` Ikrimah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah,

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よケ͡ ゅ∠エΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ びや⇔キゅ∠ジプ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ∇ヲバ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ (The recompense of t hose who wage war against Allah and His Messenger and do mischief in t he land...) "Was revealed concerning t he idolat ors, t hose among t hem who repent before being apprehended, t hey will st ill be liable for punishment for t he crimes t hey commit t ed.'' The correct opinion is t hat t his Ayah is general in meaning and includes t he idolat ors and all ot hers who commit t he t ypes of crimes t he Ayah ment ioned. Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t hat Abu Qilabah ` Abdullah bin Zayd Al-Jarmi, said t hat Anas bin Malik said, "Eight people of t he ` Ukl t ribe came t o t he Messenger of Allah and gave him t heir pledge t o follow Islam. Al-Madinah's climat e did not suit t hem and t hey became sick and complained t o Allah's Messenger . So he said,

∇リョ͡ やヲ⊥らΒ͡ダわ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ヮヤ͡よ͡ ま͡ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠レΒ͡ハや∠ケ ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» «ゅ∠ヰル͡ ゅ∠ら∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ͡や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ (Go wit h our shephard t o be t reat ed by t he milk and urine of his camels.) So t hey went as direct ed, and aft er t hey drank from t he camels' milk and urine, t hey became healt hy, and t hey killed t he shepherd and drove away all t he camels. The news reached t he Prophet and he sent (men) in t heir pursuit and t hey were capt ured. He t hen ordered t hat t heir hands and feet be cut off (and it was done), and t heir eyes were branded wit h heat ed pieces of iron. Next , t hey were put in t he sun unt il t hey died.'' This is t he wording of Muslim. In anot her narrat ion for t his Hadit h, it was ment ioned t hat t hese people were from t he t ribes of ` Ukl or ` Uraynah. Anot her narrat ion report ed t hat t hese people were put in t he Harrah area (of Al-Madinah), and when t hey asked for wat er, no wat er was given t o t hem. Allah said,

ユ⊥ヰヤ⊥ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ノ∠ ト ｚ ボ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らヤｚ∠ダΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわｚ ボ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺぴ びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ∇や∇ヲヘ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ヱぺ∠ ブ ∃ ⇒∠ヤカ ͡ ∇リョあ (t hey shall be killed or crucified or t heir hands and t heir feet be cut off on t he opposit e sides, or be exiled from t he land.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about t his Ayah, ` He who t akes up arms in Muslim land and spreads fear in t he fairways and is capt ured, t he Muslim Leader has t he choice t o eit her have him killed, crucified or cut off his hands and feet .'' Similar was said by Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib, Muj ahid, ` At a', Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i and Ad-Dahhak, as Abu Ja` far Ibn Jarir recorded. This view is support ed by t he fact t hat t he word Aw (or), indicat es a choice. As Allah said,

メ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ や∠ヱク∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ユ͡ バ∠ レｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ∇んあョ ∀￢へ∠ゴ∠イ∠プぴ ヱ∠ぺ リ ∠ Β͡ム⇒∠ジョ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ∀り∠ケゅｚヘ∠ミ ∇ヱぺ∠ る͡ ら∠ ∇バム∠ ∇ャや ヒ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠よ ゅ⇔Α∇ギワ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ びゅ⇔ョゅ∠Βタ ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク メ ⊥ ∇ギハ ∠ (The penalt y is an offering, brought t o t he Ka` bah, of an eat able animal equivalent t o t he one he killed, as adj udged by t wo j ust men among you; or, for expiat ion, he should feed t he poor, or it s equivalent in fast ing.) 5:95 Allah said,

ヮ͡ シ ͡ ∇ぺケｚ リあョ ン⇔ク∠ぺ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ツΑ͡ゲョｚ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ びマ ∃ジ ⊥ ル⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ュ∃ ゅ∠Βタ ͡ リあョ る∀ Α∠ ∇ギヘ͡ プ∠

(And whosoever of you is ill or has an ailment in his scalp (necessit at ing shaving), he must pay a ransom of eit her fast ing or giving charit y or offering a sacrifice.) and,

ゅ∠ョ テ ͡シ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ム⇒∠ジョ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ハ ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠バ∇デま͡ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ ゅｚヘム∠ プ∠ ぴ びる∃ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ゲ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇エゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ジミ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨバ͡ ∇トゎ⊥ (...for it s expiat ion feed t en of t he poor, on a scale of t he average of t hat wit h which you feed your own families, or clot he t hem, or free a slave.) All of t hese Ayat offer a choice, j ust as t he Ayah above. As for Allah's st at ement ,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ∇や∇ヲヘ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or be exiled from t he land.) some said t hat it means, he is act ively pursued unt il he is capt ured, and t hus receives his prescribed punishment , or ot herwise he escapes from t he land of Islam, as Ibn Jarir recorded from Ibn ` Abbas, Anas bin Malik, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Ad-Dahhak, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Az-Zuhri, Al-Layt h bin Sa` d and Malik bin Anas. Some said t hat t he Ayah means t hese people are expelled t o anot her land, or t o anot her st at e by t he Muslims aut horit ies. Sa` id bin Jubayr, Abu Ash-Sha` t ha', Al-Hasan, Az-Zuhri, Ad-Dahhak and Muqat il bin Hayyan said t hat he is expelled, but not out side of t he land of Islam, while ot hers said t hat he is t o be imprisoned. Allah's st at ement ,

り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ∀ン∇ゴ͡カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ び∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ (That is t heir disgrace in t his world, and a great t orment is t heirs in t he Hereaft er.) means, t he punishment We prescribed, killing t hese aggressors, crucifying t hem, cut t ing off t heir hands and feet on opposit e sides, or expelling t hem from t he land is a disgrace for t hem among mankind in t his life, along wit h t he t remendous t orment Allah has prepared for t hem in t he Hereaft er. This view support s t he opinion t hat t hese Ayat were revealed about t he idolat ors. As for Muslims, in his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat ` Ubadah bin As-Samit said, "The Messenger of Allah t ook t he same pledge from us t hat he also t ook from women: That we do not associat e anyt hing wit h Allah in worship, we do not st eal, commit adult ery, or kill our children, and t hat we do not spread falsehood about each ot her. He said t hat he who keeps t his pledge, t hen his reward will be wit h Allah. He who falls int o short comings and was punished, t hen t his will be his expiat ion. And t hose whose errors were covered by Allah, t hen t heir mat t er is for Allah: If He wills, He will punish t hem and If He wills, He will pardon t hem.'' ` Ali narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

メ ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ ゅ∠プ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ょ ∠ ホ͡ ヲ⊥バプ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ ょ ∠ ル∠ ∇クぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ ょ ∠ ル∠ ∇クぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ わ∠ よ∠ ヲ⊥ボハ ⊥ ヶ ∠ レあ ん∠ Α⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇リョ͡

ュ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ ゅ∠プ ∩⊥ヮ∇レハ ∠ ゅ∠ヘハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ロ⊥ ゲ∠わジ ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ «ヮ∇レハ ∠ ゅ∠ヘハ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ キ∠ ヲ⊥バΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ (He who sins in t his life and was punished for it , t hen Allah is far more j ust t han t o combine t wo punishment s on His servant . He who commit s an error in t his life and Allah hides t his error and pardons him, t hen Allah is far more generous t han t o punish t he servant for somet hing t hat He has already pardoned.) iRecorded by Ahmad, Ibn Maj ah and At -Tirmidhi who said, "Hasan Gharib.''Al-Hafiz Ad-Daraqut ni was asked about t his Hadit h, and he said t hat it was relat ed t o t he Prophet in some narrat ions, and it was relat ed t o t he Companions in ot hers, and t hat t his narrat ion from t he Prophet is Sahih. Ibn Jarir comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ∀ン∇ゴ͡カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That is t heir disgrace in t his world,) "Meaning, shame, humiliat ion, punishment , cont empt and t orment in t his life, before t he Hereaft er,

び∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and a great t orment is t heirs in t he Hereaft er.) if t hey do not repent from t hese errors unt il deat h overcomes t hem. In t his case, t hey will be st ricken by t he punishment t hat We prescribed for t hem in t his life and t he t orment t hat We prepared for t hem t herein,

び∀ユΒ͡ヌハ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハぴ (a great t orment ) in t he Fire of Jahannam.''

The Punishment of those who Wage War Against Allah and His Messenger is Annulled if They Repent Before their Apprehension Allah said,

∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ケギ͡ ∇ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハゅ∠プ (Except for t hose who (having fled away and t hen) came back (as Muslims) wit h repent ance before t hey fall int o your power; in t hat case, know t hat Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) This Ayah is clear in it s indicat ion t hat it applies t o t he idolat ors. As for t he Muslims who commit t his crime and repent before t hey are apprehended, t he punishment of killing, crucifixion and cut t ing t he limbs will be waved. The pract ice of t he Companions in t his regard

is t hat all of t he punishment s prescribed in t his case will be waved, as is apparent from t he wording of t he Ayah. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ash-Sha` bi said, "Harit hah bin Badr At Tamimi was living in Al-Basrah, and he commit t ed t he crime of mischief in t he land. So he t alked t o some men from Quraysh, such as Al-Hasan bin ` Ali, Ibn ` Abbas and ` Abdullah bin Ja` far, and t hey t alked t o ` Ali about him so t hat he would grant him safet y, but ` Ali refused. So Harit hah went t o Sa` id bin Qays Al-Hamadani who kept him in his house and went t o ` Ali, saying, ` O Leader of t he Fait hful! What about t hose who wage war against Allah and His Messenger and cause mischief in t he land' So he recit ed t he Ayah unt il he reached,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ケギ͡ ∇ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except for t hose who (having fled away and t hem) came back cas Muslims) wit h repent ance before t hey fall int o your power. ) So ` Ali wrot e a document t hat grant ed safet y, and Sa` id bin Qays said, ` This is for Harit hah bin Badr.''' Ibn Jarir recorded t his Hadit h. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat ` Amir Ash-Sha` bi said, "A man from Murad came t o Abu Musa, while he was t he governor of Al-Kufah during t he reign of ` Ut hman, and said t o him aft er he offered t he obligat ory prayer, ` O Abu Musa! I seek your help. I am so-and-so from Murad and I waged war against Allah and His Messenger and caused mischief in t he land. I repent ed before you had any aut horit y over me.' Abu Musa proclaimed, ` This is so-and-so, who had waged war against Allah and His Messenger and caused mischief in t he land, and he repent ed before we had aut horit y over him. Therefore, anyone who meet s him, should deal wit h him in a bet t er way. If he is saying t he t rut h, t hen t his is t he pat h of t hose who say t he t rut h. If he is saying a lie, his sins will dest roy him. So t he man remained idle for as long as Allah willed, but he lat er rose against t he leaders, and Allah punished him for his sins and he was killed.'' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Musa bin Ishaq Al-Madani said t hat ` Ali Al-Asadi waged war, blocked t he roads, shed blood and plundered wealt h. The leaders and t he people alike, sought t o capt ure him, but t hey could not do t hat unt il he came aft er he repent ed, aft er he heard a man recit ing t he Ayah,

∇やヲ⊥トレ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ Αぴ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∠ゆヲ⊥ルグぁ ャや ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ョ びユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ (O My servant s who have t ransgressed against t hemselves! Despair not of t he mercy of Allah, verily, Allah forgives all sins. Truly, He is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) So he said t o t hat man, "O servant of Allah! Recit e it again.'' So he recit ed it again, and ` Ali put down his sword and went t o Al-Madinah in repent ance, arriving during t he night . He washed up and went t o t he Masj id of t he Messenger of Allah and prayed t he dawn prayer. He sat next t o Abu Hurayrah amidst his companions. In t he morning, t he people recognized him and went aft er him. He said, "You have no way against me. I came in repent ance before you had any aut horit y over me.'' Abu Hurayrah said, "He has said t he t rut h,'' and he held his hand and went t o Marwan bin Al-Hakam, who was t he governor of Al-Madinah during t he reign of Mu` awiyah. Abu Hurayrah said, "This is ` Ali and he came in repent ance and you do not have a way against him, nor can you have him killed.'' So ` Ali was absolved of punishment and remained on his repent ance and went t o t he sea t o perform Jihad in Allah's cause. The Muslims met t he Romans in bat t le, and t he Muslims brought t he ship ` Ali was in t o one of t he Roman ships, and ` Ali crossed t o t hat ship and t he Romans escaped from him t o t he ot her side of t he ship, and t he ship capsized and t hey all drowned.''

ヮ͡ Β∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Α∠ ぴ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ る∠ ヤ∠Β͡シヲ∠ ∇ャや ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ョ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヘΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ヱ∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ - ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ あらボ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ィゲ͡ ⇒∠ガよ͡ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ボョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ (35. O you who believe! Have Taqwa of Allah and seek t he Wasilah t o Him, and st rive hard in His cause, so t hat you may be successful.) (36. Verily, t hose who disbelieve, if t hey had all t hat is in t he eart h, and as much again t herewit h t o ransom t hemselves t hereby from t he t orment on t he Day of Resurrect ion, it would never be accept ed of t hem. And t heirs would be a painful t orment .) (37. They will long t o get out of t he Fire, but never will t hey get out t herefrom; and t heirs will be a last ing t orment .)

Commanding Taqwa, Wasilah, and Jihad Allah commands His fait hful servant s t o fear Him in Taqwa, which if ment ioned along wit h act s of obedience, it means t o refrain from t he prohibit ions and t he prohibit ed mat t ers. Allah said next ,

びる∠ ヤ∠Β͡シヲ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ Β∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇よや∠ヱぴ (seek t he Wasilah t o Him.) Sufyan At h-Thawri said t hat Talhah said t hat ` At a' said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Wasilah means ` t he means of approach'. Muj ahid, Abu Wa'il, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, ` Abdullah bin Kat hir, As-Suddi, Ibn Zayd and ot hers gave t he same meaning for Wasilah. Qat adah said t hat t he Ayah means, "Seek t he means of approach t o Him by obeying Him and performing t he act s t hat please Him.''

びる∠ ヤ∠Β͡シヲ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺぴ (Those whom t hey call upon seek a means of access t o t heir Lord (Allah).) 17:57 Wasilah is a means of approach t o achieve somet hing, and it is also used t o refer t o t he highest grade in Paradise, and it is t he grade of t he Messenger of Allah , his residence and t he nearest grade in Paradise t o Allah's Throne. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ロ͡ グ͡ ワ ゆ ｚ ケ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや :￢∠ や∠ギレあ ャや ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇リョ∠ » や⇔ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ れ ͡ へ ∩͡るヨ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや り͡ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ∩͡るョｚ ゅｚわャや り͡ ヲ∠ ∇ハギｚ ャや ヵ͡グャｚや や⇔キヲ⊥ヨ∇エョ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇んバ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ ∩∠るヤ∠Β͡ツヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ る∠ ヤ∠Β͡シヲ∠ ∇ャや «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヘゼ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろヤｚェ ∠ ゅｚャま͡∩⊥ヮゎ∠ ∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ (Whoever, aft er hearing t o t he Adhan says, "O Allah! Lord of t his perfect call and of t he regular prayer which is going t o be est ablished! Grant Muhammad t he Wasilah and superiorit y and send him on t he Day of Judgment t o t he praisewort hy st at ion which You have promised him," t hen int ercession from me will be permit t ed for him on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) Muslim recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr bin Al-` As said t hat he heard t he Prophet saying,

ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥メヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボプ∠ ラ ∠ クあ ぽ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ や∠クま͡» ぶ ⊥ や ヴｚヤタ ∠ り⇔ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴｚヤタ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩ｚヶヤ∠ハ ∠ やヲぁヤタ ∠ る∀ ャ∠ゴ͡ ∇レョ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∠る∠ヤΒ͡シ∠ヲ∇ャや ヶ ∠ ャ͡ やヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩や⇔ゲ∇ゼハ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶや キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ギ∃ ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ヶ͡ピら∠ ∇レゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ろヤｚェ ∠ る∠ ヤ∠Β͡シヲ∠ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ ャ͡ メ ∠ ほ∠シ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ヲワ⊥ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ «る∠ハゅ∠ヘゼ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (When you hear t he Mu'adhdhin, repeat what he says, and t hen ask for Salah (blessing, mercy from Allah) for me. Verily, whoever asks for Salah for me, t hen Allah will grant t en Salah t o him. Then, ask for t he Wasilah for me, for it is a grade in Paradise t hat only one servant of Allah deserves, and I hope t hat I am t hat servant . Verily, whoever asks (Allah) for Wasilah for me, he will earn t he right of my int ercession.) Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ ぴ (and st rive hard in His cause as much as you can. So t hat you may be successful.) Aft er Allah commanded Muslims t o avoid t he prohibit ions and t o work t owards obedience, He commanded t hem t o fight against t heir enemies, t he disbelievers and idolat ors who have deviat ed from t he st raight pat h and abandoned t he correct religion. Allah encouraged t he believers by reminding t hem of t he unending success and great happiness t hat He prepared for t hem for t he Day of Resurrect ion, which will never change or decrease for t hose who j oin Jihad in His cause. They will remain in t he loft y rooms of Paradise t hat are safe and beaut iful. Those who live in t hese

dwellings will always be comfort able and will never be miserable, living, never dying, and t heir clot hes will never grow t hin, nor will t heir yout h ever end.

No Amount of Ransom Shall Be Accepted from the Disbelievers on the Day of the Judgment and They Will Remain in the Fire Allah t hen describes t he painful t orment and punishment t hat He has prepared for His disbelieving enemies for t he Day of Resurrect ion. Allah said,

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヘΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ あらボ⊥ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや (Verily, t hose who disbelieve, if t hey had all t hat is in t he eart h, and as much again t herewit h t o ransom t hemselves t hereby from t he t orment on t he Day of Resurrect ion, it would never be accept ed of t hem. And t heirs would be a painful t orment .) So if a disbeliever brought t he eart h's fill of gold, and t wice as much as t hat amount on t he Day of Judgment t o ransom himself from Allah's t orment t hat has surrounded him, and he is cert ain t hat he will suffer from it , it will not be accept ed of him. Rat her, t here is no escaping t he t orment , and he will not be able t o evade or save himself from it . Hence Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t heirs would be a painful t orment .) meaning, hurt ful,

ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ボョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ィゲ͡ ⇒∠ガよ͡ (They will long t o get out of t he Fire, but never will t hey get out t herefrom, and t heirs will be a last ing t orment .) In anot her Ayah, Allah said,

∇やヱ⊥ギΒ͡ハぺ⊥ ユｙ ビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠ケぺ∠ べ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (Every t ime t hey seek t o get away t herefrom, in anguish, t hey will be driven back t herein.) Therefore, t hey will st ill long t o leave t he t orment because of t he severit y and t he pain it causes. They will have no way of escaping it . The more t he flames lift t hem t o t he upper part

of Hell, t he more t he angels of punishment will st rike t hem wit h iron bars and t hey will fall down t o it s dept hs,

び∀ユΒ͡ボョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t heirs will be a last ing t orment .) meaning, et ernal and everlast ing, and t hey will never be able t o depart from it or avoid it . Anas bin Malik said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ∠ ∇よや ゅ∠Α:ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ͡ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ » ∩∃ノイ ∠ ∇ツョ∠ ゲｚ セ ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨∠マバ∠ イ ∠ ∇ツョ∠ れ ∠ ∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨ゅ⇔らワ∠ ク∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ゆ ͡ や∠ゲボ⊥ よ͡ ヵギ͡ わ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∩∠ろ∇よグ∠ ミ∠ :ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ «ケゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゲ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ぽΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩∇モバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ∇リョ͡ モ ｚ ホ∠ ぺ∠ (A man from t he people of t he Fire will be brought fort h and will be asked, ` O son of Adam! How did you find your dwelling' He will say, ` The worst dwelling.' He will be t old, ` Would you ransom yourself wit h t he eart h's fill of gold' He will say, ` Yes, O Lord!' Allah will say t o him, ` You have lied. I asked you for what is less t han t hat and you did not do it ,' and he will be ordered t o t he Fire.) Muslim and An-Nasa'i recorded it .

ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バト ∠ ∇ホゅ∠プ る⊥ ホ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚジャや∠ヱ ベ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚジャや∠ヱぴ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ リ∠ヨプ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ムル∠ ゅ∠らジ ∠ ミ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤニ ⊥ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ∠ヨャ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ゆ ⊥ あグバ∠ Α⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ (38. And (as for) t he male t hief and t he female t hief, cut off t heir hands as a recompense for t hat which bot h commit t ed, a punishment by way of example from Allah. And Allah is AllPowerful, All-Wise.) (39. But whosoever repent s aft er his crime and does right eous good deeds,

t hen verily, Allah will pardon him. Verily, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (40. Know you not t hat t o Allah (Alone) belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h! He forgives whom He wills and He punishes whom He wills. And Allah is able t o do all t hings.)

The Necessity of Cutting off the Hand of the Thief Allah commands and decrees t hat t he hand of t he t hief, male or female be cut off. During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, t his was also t he punishment for t he t hief, and Islam upheld t his punishment . In Islam, t here are several condit ions t hat must be met before t his punishment is carried out , as we will come t o know, Allah willing. There are ot her rulings t hat Islam upheld aft er modifying t hese rulings, such as t hat of blood money for example. When Does Cut t ing t he Hand of t he Thief Become Necessary In is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said, n

∩⊥ロギ⊥ Α∠ ノ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ボわ⊥ プ∠ る∠ ツ ∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ベ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ベ ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚジャや ぶ ⊥ や リ ∠ バ∠ ャ∠» «ロ⊥ギ∠Α ノ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ボわ⊥ プ∠ モ ∠ ∇らエ ∠ ∇ャや ベ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ (May Allah curse t he t hief who st eals an egg and as a result his hand is cut off, and who st eals rope and as a result his hand is cut off.) Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t hat ` A'ishah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«や⇔ギハ ͡ ゅ∠ダプ∠ ケ∃ ゅ∠レΑ͡キ ノ͡ ∇よケ⊥ ヶ͡プ ベ ͡ ケ͡ ゅｚジャや ギ⊥ Α∠ ノ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ボゎ⊥ » (The hand of t he t hief shall be cut off if he st eals a quart er of a Dinar or more.) Muslim recorded t hat ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ケ∃ ゅレΑ͡キ ノ͡ ∇よケ⊥ ヶ͡プ ゅｚャま͡ ベ ͡ ケゅｚジャや ギ⊥ Α∠ ノ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ボゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» «や⇔ギハ ͡ ゅ∠ダプ∠ (The hand of t he t hief shall only be cut off if he st eals a quart er of a Dinar or more.) This Hadit h is t he basis of t he mat t er since it specifies (t hat t he least amount of t heft t hat deserves cut t ing t he hand) is a quart er of a Dinar. So t his Hadit h fixes t he value. And saying t hat it is t hree Dirhams is not a cont radict ion. This is because t he Dinar in quest ion was equal t o t welve Dirhams, so t hree Dirhams equalled a fourt h of a Dinar. So in t his way it is possible t o harmonize t hese t wo views. This opinion was report ed from ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab, ` Ut hman bin ` Affan,

When Does Cutting the Hand of the Thief Become Necessary In is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said, n

∩⊥ロギ⊥ Α∠ ノ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ボわ⊥ プ∠ る∠ ツ ∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ベ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ベ ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚジャや ぶ ⊥ や リ ∠ バ∠ ャ∠» «ロ⊥ギ∠Α ノ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ボわ⊥ プ∠ モ ∠ ∇らエ ∠ ∇ャや ベ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ (May Allah curse t he t hief who st eals an egg and as a result his hand is cut off, and who st eals rope and as a result his hand is cut off.) Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t hat ` A'ishah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«や⇔ギハ ͡ ゅダ ∠ プ∠ ケ∃ ゅ∠レΑ͡キ ノ͡ ∇よケ⊥ ヶ͡プ ベ ͡ ケ͡ ゅｚジャや ギ⊥ Α∠ ノ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ボゎ⊥ » (The hand of t he t hief shall be cut off if he st eals a quart er of a Dinar or more.) Muslim recorded t hat ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ケ∃ ゅレΑ͡キ ノ͡ ∇よケ⊥ ヶ͡プ ゅｚャま͡ ベ ͡ ケゅｚジャや ギ⊥ Α∠ ノ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ボゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» «や⇔ギハ ͡ ゅ∠ダ∠プ (The hand of t he t hief shall only be cut off if he st eals a quart er of a Dinar or more.) This Hadit h is t he basis of t he mat t er since it specifies (t hat t he least amount of t heft t hat deserves cut t ing t he hand) is a quart er of a Dinar. So t his Hadit h fixes t he value. And saying t hat it is t hree Dirhams is not a cont radict ion. This is because t he Dinar in quest ion was equal t o t welve Dirhams, so t hree Dirhams equalled a fourt h of a Dinar. So in t his way it is possible t o harmonize t hese t wo views. This opinion was report ed from ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab, ` Ut hman bin ` Affan, ` Ali bin Abi Talib - may Allah be pleased wit h t hem - and it is t he view of ` Umar bin ` Abdul-` Aziz, Al-Layt h bin Sa` d, Al-Awza` i, and Ash-Shafi` i and his companions. This is also t he view of Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal and Ishaq bin Rahwayh in one of t he narrat ions from him, as well as Abu Thawr, and Dawud bin ` Ali Az-Zahari, may Allah have mercy upon t hem. As for Imam Abu Hanifah and his st udent s Abu Yusuf, Muhammad and Zufar, along wit h Sufyan At hThawri, t hey said t hat t he least amount of t heft t hat deserves cut t ing off t he hand is t en Dirhams, whereas a Dinar was t welve Dirhams at t hat t ime. The first ruling is t he correct one, t hat t he least amount of t heft is one fort h of a Dinar or more. This meager amount was set as t he limit for cut t ing t he hand, so t hat t he people would refrain from t heft , and t his is a wise decision t o t hose who have sound comprehension. Hence Allah's st at ement ,

∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ムル∠ ゅ∠らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ぴ び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ (as a recompense for t hat which bot h commit t ed, a punishment by way of example from Allah. And Allah is All-Powerful, All-Wise.) This is t he prescribed punishment for t he evil act ion t hey commit t ed, by st ealing t he propert y of ot her people wit h t heir hands. Therefore, it is fit t ing t hat t he t ool t hey used t o st eal t he people's wealt h be cut off as punishment from Allah for t heir error.

び∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is All-Powerful, ) in His t orment ,

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ぴ (All-Wise.) in His commands, what he forbids, what He legislat es and what He decrees.

Repentance of the Thief is Acceptable Allah said next ,

ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤニ ⊥ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (But whosoever repent s aft er his crime and does right eous good deeds, t hen verily, Allah will pardon him. Verily, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) Therefore, whoever repent s and goes back t o Allah aft er he commit s t heft , t hen Allah will forgive him. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said t hat a woman commit t ed t heft during t he t ime of t he Messenger of Allah and t hose from whom she st ole brought her and said, "O Allah's Messenger! This woman st ole from us.'' Her people said, "We ransom her.'' The Messenger of Allah said,

«ゅ∠ワギ∠ Α∠ やヲ⊥バト ∠ ∇ホや» (Cut off her hand.) They said, "We ransom her wit h five hundred Dinars.'' The Prophet said,

«ゅ∠ワギ∠ Α∠ やヲ⊥バト ∠ ∇ホや» (Cut off her hand.) Her right hand was cut off and t he woman asked, "O Messenger of Allah! Is t here a chance for me t o repent '' He said,

«マぁョぺ⊥ マ ͡ ∇ゎギ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ミ∠ マ ͡ わ͡ ゃ∠ Β͡トカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » (Yes. This day, you are free from your sin j ust as t he day your mot her gave birt h t o you.) Allah sent down t he verse in Surat Al-Ma'idah,

ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤニ ⊥ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (But whosoever repent s aft er his crime and does right eous good deeds (by obeying Allah), t hen verily, Allah will pardon him. Verily, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) This woman was from t he t ribe of Makhzum. Her st ory was narrat ed in t he Two Sahihs from Az-Zuhri from ` Urwah from ` A'ishah, The incident caused concern for t he Quraysh aft er she commit t ed t he t heft during t he t ime of t he bat t le of t he Conquest of Makkah . They said, "Who can t alk t o Allah's Messenger about her mat t er'' They t hen said, "Who dares speak t o him about such mat t ers ot her t han Usamah bin Zayd, his loved one.'' When t he woman was brought t o t he Messenger of Allah , Usamah bin Zayd t alked t o him about her and t he face of t he Messenger changed color (because of anger) and he said,

«∨ｚモィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や キ͡ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ヶ͡プ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ぺ∠» (Do you int ercede in a punishment prescribed by Allah) Usamah said t o him, "Ask Allah t o forgive me, O Allah's Messenger!'' During t hat night , t he Messenger of Allah st ood up and gave a speech and praised Allah as He deserves t o be praised. He t hen said,

やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ギ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠» ユ⊥ ヰ͡ Β͡プ ベ ∠ ゲ∠ シ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ロヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ブ ⊥ Α͡ゲゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ Β͡プ ベ ∠ ゲ∠ シ ∠ や∠クま͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ ∩ｚギエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホぺ∠ ブ ⊥ Β͡バツ ｚ ャや ろ ⊥ ∇バト ∠ ボ∠ ャ∠ ∇ろホ∠ ゲ∠ シ ∠ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ろ ∠ ∇レよ͡ る∠ ヨ∠ デ ͡ ゅ∠プ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ «ゅ∠ワギ∠ Α∠ (Those who were before you were dest royed because when an honorable person among t hem would st eal, t hey would leave him. But , when a weak man among t hem st ole, t hey implement ed t he prescribed punishment against him. By Him in Whose Hand is my soul! If Fat imah t he daught er of Muhammad st ole, I will have her hand cut off.) The Prophet commanded t hat t he hand of t he woman who st ole be cut off, and it was cut off. ` A'ishah said, ` Her repent ance was sincere aft erwards, and she got married and she used t o come t o me so t hat I convey her needs t o t he Messenger of Allah.'' This is t he wording t hat Muslim collect ed, and in anot her narrat ion by Muslim, ` A'ishah said, "She was a woman from Makhzum who used t o borrow t hings and deny t hat she t ook t hem. So t he Prophet ordered t hat her hand be cut off.'' Allah t hen said,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΕ ∠ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Know you not t hat t o Allah (Alone) belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h!) He owns everyt hing and decides what He wills for it and no one can resist His j udgment ,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ゆ ⊥ グあ バ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモミ⊥ (He forgives whom He wills and punishes whom He wills. And Allah is able t o do all t hings.)

ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハケ͡ ゅ∠ジΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ル⊥ゴ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ リ͡ョ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ∇プほ∠よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ⇒ｚヨシ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ͡ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ユ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲ∂ エ ∠ Α⊥ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や￢ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ⇒ｚヨシ ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グガ ⊥ プ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ ∇ラま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヮ͡ バ͡ ッ ͡ ヲ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや キ͡ ゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ケグ∠ ∇ェゅ∠プ ロ⊥ ∇ヲゎ∠ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡まヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや キ͡ ゲ͡ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヨゎ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∀ン∇ゴ͡カ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ゲ∠ ヰ∂ ト ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒ｚミぺ∠ ゆ ͡ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ⇒ｚヨシ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡ ∇Ιや ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ェゅ∠プ ポ ∠ ヱ￢べ∠ィ ラ͡みプ∠ ろ ͡ ∇エジ ぁ ヤ͡ャ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ポ ∠ ヱぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇バゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ム∇ェゅ∠プ ろ ∠ ∇ヨム∠ ェ ∠ り⊥ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハヱ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヨム∂ エ ∠ Α⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡トジ ͡ ∇ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや

マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ∇ムェ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∀ケヲ⊥ル∠ヱ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ り∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ べｚル͡ま リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ヲぁΒら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わミ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヌヘ͡ ∇エわ⊥ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇ェ∇Ιや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲぁΒル͡ ゅｚよゲｚ ャや∠ヱ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ∇やヲ⊥ ゼ ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ￢へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ∇ユャｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ヨを∠ ヴ͡わ⇒∠Αゅ∠ゃ⇒͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇カや∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ム∇エΑ∠ (41. O Messenger! Let not t hose who hurry t o fall int o disbelief grieve you, of such who say, "We believe'' wit h t heir mout hs but t heir heart s have no fait h. And of t he Jews are men who list en much and eagerly t o lies, list ening t o ot hers who have not come t o you. They change t he words from t heir places; t hey say, "If you are given t his, t ake it , but if you are not given t his, t hen beware!'' And whomsoever Allah want s t o put in Fit nah, you can do not hing for him against Allah. Those are t he ones whose heart s Allah does not want t o purify; for t hem t here is a disgrace in t his world, and in t he Hereaft er a great t orment .) (42. They (like t o) list en t o falsehood, t o devour Suht . So if t hey come t o you, eit her j udge bet ween t hem, or t urn away from t hem. If you t urn away from t hem, t hey cannot hurt you in t he least . And if you j udge, j udge wit h j ust ice bet ween t hem. Verily, Allah loves t hose who act j ust ly.) (43. But how do t hey come t o you for a decision while t hey have t he Tawrah, in which is t he decision of Allah; yet even aft er t hat t hey t urn away. For t hey are not believers.) (44. Verily, We did send down t he Tawrah, t herein was guidance and light , by which t he Prophet s who submit t ed t hemselves t o Allah's will, j udged for t he Jews. And t he Rabbaniyyun and t he Ahbar, for t o t hem was ent rust ed t he prot ect ion of Allah's Book, and t hey were wit nesses t heret o. Therefore fear not men but fear Me and sell not My verses for a miserable price. And whosoever does not j udge by what Allah has revealed, such are t he disbelievers.)

Do Not Feel Sad Because of the Behavior of the Jews and Hypocrites These honorable Ayat were revealed about t hose who rush int o disbelief, deviat ing from t he obedience of Allah, His Messenger, prefering t heir opinions and lust s t o what Allah has legislat ed,

リ͡ョ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ∠ ∇プほ∠よ͡ ゅレｚ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥

(of such who say, "We believe'' wit h t heir mout hs but t heir heart s have no fait h.) These people pret end t o be fait hful wit h t heir words, but t heir heart s are empt y from fait h, and t hey are t he hypocrit es.

び∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョあ ぴ (And of t he Jews...) t he enemies of Islam and it s people, t hey and t he hypocrit es all,

びゆ ͡ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ⇒ｚヨシ ∠ぴ (list en much and eagerly t o lies...) and t hey accept and react t o it posit ively,

びポ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ⇒ｚヨシ ∠ぴ (list ening t o ot hers who have not come t o you,) meaning, t hey list en t o some people who do not at t end your meet ings, O Muhammad. Or, t he Ayah might mean, t hey list en t o what you say and convey it t o your enemies who do not at t end your audience.

The Jews Alter and Change the Law, Such As Stoning the Adulterer

びヮ͡ バ͡ ッ ͡ ヲ∠ ョ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ユ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲあ エ ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (They change t he words from t heir places:) by alt ering t heir meanings and knowingly dist ort ing t hem aft er t hey comprehended t hem,

ロ⊥ ∇ヲゎ∠ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡まヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グガ ⊥ プ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ ∇ラま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボ∠Αぴ び∇やヱ⊥ケグ∠ ∇ェゅ∠プ (t hey say, "If you are given t his, t ake it , but if you are not given t his, t hen beware!") It was report ed t hat t his part of t he Ayah was revealed about some Jews who commit t ed murder and who said t o each ot her, "Let us ask Muhammad t o j udge bet ween us, and if he decides t hat we pay t he Diyah, accept his j udgement . If he decides on capit al punishment , do not accept his j udgement .'' The correct opinion is t hat t his Ayah was revealed about t he t wo Jews who commit t ed adult ery. The Jews changed t he law t hey had in t heir Book from Allah on t he mat t er of punishment for adult ery, from st oning t o deat h, t o a hundred flogs and making t he offenders ride a donkey facing t he back of t he donkey. When t his incident of adult ery occurred aft er t he Hij rah, t hey said t o each ot her, "Let us go t o Muhammad and seek his j udgement . If he gives a ruling of flogging, t hen implement his decision and make it a proof for you wit h Allah. This way, one of Allah's Prophet s will have upheld t his ruling amongst you. But if he decides t hat t he punishment should be st oning t o deat h, t hen do not accept his decision.'' There are several Hadit hs ment ioning t his st ory. Malik report ed t hat Nafi` said t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said,

"The Jews came t o Allah's Messenger and ment ioned t hat a man and a woman from t hem commit t ed adult ery. Allah's Messenger said t o t hem,

«∨͡ユ∇ィゲｚ ャや ラ ͡ ∇ほセ ∠ ヶ͡プ り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (What do find of t he ruling about st oning in t he Tawrah) They said, ` We only find t hat t hey should be exposed and flogged.' ` Abdullah bin Salam said, ` You lie. The Tawrah ment ions st oning, so bring t he Tawrah.' They brought t he Tawrah and opened it but one of t hem hid t he verse about st oning wit h his hand and recit ed what is before and aft er t hat verse. ` Abdullah bin Salam said t o him, ` Remove your hand,' and he removed it , t hus uncovering t he verse about st oning. So t hey said, He (` Abdullah bin Salam) has said t he t rut h, O Muhammad! It is t he verse about st oning.' The Messenger of Allah decided t hat t he adult erers be st oned t o deat h and his command was carried out . I saw t hat man shading t he woman from t he st ones wit h his body.'' Al-Bukhari and Muslim also collect ed t his Hadit h and t his is t he wording collect ed by AlBukhari. In anot her narrat ion by Al-Bukhari, t he Prophet said t o t he Jews,

«∨ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ よ͡ ラヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ダゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (What would you do in t his case) They said, "We would humiliat e and expose t hem.'' The Prophet recit ed,

び∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤ∇ゎゅ∠プ り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Bring here t he Tawrah and recit e it , if you are t rut hful.) So t hey brought a man who was blind in one eye and who was respect ed among t hem and said t o him, "Read (from t he Tawrah).'' So he read unt il he reached a cert ain verse and t hen covered it wit h his hand. He was t old, "Remove your hand,'' and it was t he verse about st oning. So t hat man said, "O Muhammad! This is t he verse about st oning, and we had hid it s knowledge among us.'' So t he Messenger ordered t hat t he t wo adult erers be st oned, and t hey were st oned. Muslim recorded t hat a Jewish man and a Jewish woman were brought before Allah's Messenger because t hey commit t ed adult ery. The Messenger of Allah went t o t he Jews and asked t hem,

«∨ヴ∠ルコ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (What is t he ruling t hat you find in t he Tawrah for adult ery) hThey said, "We expose t hem, carry t hem (on donkeys) backwards and parade t hem in public.'' The Prophet recit ed;

び∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤ∇ゎゅ∠プ り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Bring here t he Tawrah and recit e it , if you are t rut hful.) So t hey brought t he Tawrah and read from it unt il t he reader reached t he verse about st oning. Then he placed his hand on t hat verse and read what was before and aft er it . ` Abdullah bin Salam, who was wit h t he Messenger of Allah , said, "Order him t o remove his hand,'' and he removed his hand and under it was t he

verse about st oning. So t he Messenger of Allah commanded t hat t he adult erers be st oned, and t hey were st oned. ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said, "I was among t hose who st oned t hem and I saw t he man shading t he woman from t he st ones wit h his body.'' Abu Dawud recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said, "Some Jews came t o t he Messenger of Allah and invit ed him t o go t o t he Quff area. So he went t o t he house of Al-Midras and t hey said, ` O Abu Al-Qasim! A man from us commit t ed adult ery wit h a woman, so decide on t heir mat t er.' They arranged a pillow for t he Messenger of Allah and he sat on it and said,

«りや∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャゅ͡よ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥わ∇もや» (Bring t he Tawrah t o me.) He was brought t he Tawrah and he removed t he pillow from under him and placed t he Tawrah on it , saying,

«マ∠ャゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ マ ͡ よ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇レョ∠ へ» (I t rust you and He Who revealed it t o you.) He t hen said,

«ユ⊥ムヨ͡ ヤ∠∇ハほ∠よ͡ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥わ∇もや» (Bring me your most knowledgeable person.) So he was brought a young man... '' and t hen he ment ioned t he rest of t he st ory t hat Malik narrat ed from Nafi` . These Hadit hs st at e t hat t he Messenger of Allah issued a decision t hat conforms wit h t he ruling in t he Tawrah, not t o honor t he Jews in what t hey believe in, for t he Jews were commanded t o follow t he Law of Muhammad only. Rat her, t he Prophet did t his because Allah commanded him t o do so. He asked t hem about t he ruling of st oning in t he Tawrah t o make t hem admit t o what t he Tawrah cont ains and what t hey collaborat ed t o hide, deny and exclude from implement ing for all t hat t ime. They had t o admit t o what t hey did, alt hough t hey did it while having knowledge of t he correct ruling. What made t hem go t o t he Prophet for j udgement in t his mat t er was t heir lust s and desires, hoping t hat t he Prophet would agree wit h t heir opinion, not t hat t hey believed in t he correct ness of his j udgment . This is why t hey said,

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ ∇ラま͡ぴ (If you are given t his,) referring t o flogging, t hen t ake it ,

び∇やヱ⊥ケグ∠ ∇ェゅ∠プ ロ⊥ ∇ヲゎ∠ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (but if you are not given t his, t hen beware!) and do not accept or implement it . Allah said next ,

ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヨゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや キ͡ ゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ゲ∠ ヰあ ト ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや キ͡ ゲ͡ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∀ン∇ゴ͡カ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ びろ ͡ ∇エジ ぁ ヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒ｚミぺ∠ ゆ ͡ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ⇒ｚヨジ ∠ ヨ∀ Β͡ヌハ ∠ (And whomsoever Allah want s t o put in Fit nah, you can do not hing for him against Allah. Those are t he ones whose heart s Allah does not want t o purify; for t hem t here is a disgrace in t his world, and in t he Hereaft er a great t orment . They (like t o) list en t o falsehood, t o devour Suht ) ` Suht ' refers t o bribes, as Ibn Mas` ud and ot hers st at ed. The Ayah st at es t hat if one is like t his, how can Allah cleanse his heart and accept his supplicat ion Allah said t o His Prophet ,

びポ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (So if t hey come t o you...) so t hat you j udge bet ween t hem,

∇チゲ͡ ∇バゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ェゅ∠プぴ びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ポ ∠ ヱぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ (eit her j udge bet ween t hem, or t urn away from t hem. If you t urn away from t hem, t hey cannot hurt you in t he least .) meaning, t here is no harm if you do not j udge bet ween t hem. This is because when t hey came t o you t o j udge bet ween t hem, t hey did not seek t o follow t he t rut h, but only what conformed t o t heir lust s. We should ment ion here t hat Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, As-Suddi, Zayd bin Aslam, ` At a' Al-Khurasani, and several ot hers said t hat t his part of t he Ayah was abrogat ed by Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ム∇ェや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And so j udge among t hem by what Allah has revealed.)

びテ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ム∇ェゅ∠プ ろ ∠ ∇ヨム∠ ェ ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And if you j udge, j udge wit h j ust ice bet ween t hem.) and wit h fairness, even if t he Jews were unj ust and out cast s from t he pat h of fairness,

びリ ∠ Β͡トジ ͡ ∇ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah loves t hose who act j ust ly.)

Chastising the Jews for Their Evil Lusts and Desires, While Praising the Tawrah Allah t hen chast ises t he Jews for t heir false ideas and deviant desires t o abandon what t hey believe is t rue in t heir Book, and which t hey claim is t heir et ernal Law t hat t hey are always commanded t o adhere t o. Yet , t hey do not adhere t o t he Tawrah, but t hey prefer ot her laws over it , alt hough t hey believe t hat t hese ot her laws are not correct and do not apply t o t hem. Allah said,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ∇ムェ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ り⊥ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハヱ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヨムあ エ ∠ Α⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ｚユを⊥ (But how do t hey come t o you for decision while t hey have t he Tawrah, in which is t he decision of Allah; yet even aft er t hat t hey t urn away. For t hey are not believers.) Allah next praises t he Tawrah t hat He sent down t o His servant and Messenger Musa, son of ` Imran,

ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ∀ケヲ⊥ルヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ り∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べｚル͡まぴ び∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ヲぁΒら͡ レｚ ャや (Verily, We did send down t he Tawrah t o Musa , t herein was guidance and light , by which t he Prophet s who submit t ed t hemselves t o Allah's will, j udged t he Jews.) and t hese Prophet s did not deviat e from t he law of t he Tawrah, change or alt er it ,

びケ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇ェΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲぁΒル͡ ゅｚよゲｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (And (also) t he Rabbaniyyun and t he Ahbar...) wherein Rabbaniyyun refers t o t he worshippers who are learned and religious, and Ahbar refers t o t he scholars,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わミ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヌ͡ヘ∇エわ⊥ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ぴ (for t o t hem was ent rust ed t he prot ect ion of Allah's Book,) meaning, t hey were ent rust ed wit h t he Book of Allah, and t hey were commanded t o adhere t o it and not hide any part of,

ラ ͡ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇カや∠ヱ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ∇やヲ⊥ ゼ ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ べ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ム∇エΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ヨを∠ ヴ͡わ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ (and t hey were wit nesses t heret o. Therefore fear not men but fear Me and sell not My verses for a miserable price. And whosoever does not j udge by what Allah has revealed, such are t he disbelievers.) There are t wo ways t o explain t his Ayah and we will ment ion t he lat er.

Another Reason Behind Revealing these Honorable Ayat Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Allah sent down t he Ayat ,

ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ム∇エΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (And whosoever does not j udge by what Allah has revealed, such are t he disbelievers,)

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ (Such are t he unj ust ,) and,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ (Such are t he rebellious.) about t wo groups among t he Jews. During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, one of t hem had defeat ed t he ot her. As a result , t hey made a t reat y t hat t hey would pay blood money t ot aling fift y Wasaq of gold (each Wasaq approx. 3 kg) for every dead person from t he defeat ed group killed by t he vict ors, and a hundred Wasaq for every dead person t he defeat ed group killed from t he vict ors. This t reat y remained in effect unt il t he Prophet came t o AlMadinah and bot h of t hese groups became subservient under t he Prophet . Yet , when t he might y group once suffered a casualt y at t he hands of t he weaker group, t he might y group sent a delegat ion demanding t he hundred Wasaq. The weaker group said, ` How can t wo groups who have t he same religion, one ancest ral lineage and a common land, have a Diyah t hat for some of t hem is half of t hat of t he ot hers We only agreed t o t his because you oppressed us and because we feared you. Now t hat Muhammad has come, we will not give you what you asked.' So war was almost rekindled bet ween t hem, but t hey agreed t o seek Muhammad's j udgement in t heir disput e. The might y group among t hem said among t hemselves , ` By Allah! Muhammad will never give you double t he Diyah t hat you pay t o t hem compared t o what t hey pay t o you. They have said t he t rut h anyway, for t hey only gave us t his amount because we oppressed and overpowered t hem. Therefore, send someone t o Muhammad who will sense what his j udgement

will be. If he agrees t o give you what you demand, accept his j udgment , and if he does not give you what you seek, do not refer t o him for j udgement .' So t hey sent some hypocrit es t o t he Messenger of Allah t o t ry and find out t he Messenger's j udgement . When t hey came t o t he Messenger , Allah informed him of t heir mat t er and of t heir plot . Allah sent down,

ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハケ͡ ゅ∠ジΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ル⊥ゴ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ びゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや (O Messenger! Let not t hose who hurry t o fall int o disbelief grieve you,) unt il,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャやぴ (Such are t he rebellious.) By Allah! It is because of t heir problem t hat Allah sent down t hese verses and it is t hey whom Allah meant .'' Abu Dawud collect ed a similar narrat ion for t his Hadit h. Abu Ja` far Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah in Surat Al-Ma'idah,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ェゅ∠プぴ (eit her j udge bet ween t hem, or t urn away from t hem...) unt il,

びリ ∠ Β͡トジ ͡ ∇ボヨ⊥ ∇ャやぴ (Those who act j ust ly.) was revealed concerning t he problem of blood money bet ween Bani AnNadir and Bani Qurayzah. The dead of Bani An-Nadir were being honored more and t hey received t he full amount of Diyah, while Qurayzah received half t he Diyah for t heir dead. So t hey referred t o t he Messenger of Allah for j udgement and Allah sent down t hese verses about t hem. The Messenger of Allah compelled t hem t o adhere t o t he t rue j udgement in t his mat t er and made t he Diyah t he same for bot h groups and Allah knows best about t hat mat t er.'' Ahmad, Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i also recorded t his Hadit h from Abu Ishaq. Al-` Awfi and ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t hese Ayat were revealed about t he t wo Jews who commit t ed adult ery, and we ment ioned t he Hadit hs about t his st ory before. It appears t hat bot h of t hese were t he reasons behind revealing t hese Ayat , and Allah knows best . This is why Allah said aft erwards,

リ ∠ ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ͡ ∇ヘレｚ ャゅ͡よ ザ ∠ ∇ヘレｚ ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ͡ ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ

(And We ordained t herein for t hem: Life for life, eye for eye) unt il t he end of t he Ayah, which st rengt hens t he opinion t hat t he st ory of t he Diyah was behind revealing t he Ayat as we explained above. Allah knows best . Allah said,

ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ム∇エΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (And whosoever does not j udge by what Allah has revealed, such are t he disbelievers.) Al-Bara' bin ` Azib, Hudhayfah bin Al-Yaman, Ibn ` Abbas, Abu Mij laz, Abu Raj a' Al-` Ut aridi, ` Ikrimah, ` Ubaydullah bin ` Abdullah, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and ot hers said t hat t his Ayah was revealed about t he People of t he Book. Al-Hasan Al-Basri added t hat t his Ayah also applies t o us. ` AbdurRazzaq said t hat At h-Thawri said t hat Mansur said t hat Ibrahim said t hat t hese Ayat , "Were revealed about t he Children of Israel, and Allah accept ed t hem for t his Ummah.'' Ibn Jarir recorded t his st at ement . ` Ali bin Abi Talhah also st at ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ム∇エΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (And whosoever does not j udge by what Allah has revealed, such are t he disbelievers,) "Whoever rej ect s what Allah has revealed, will have commit t ed Kufr, and whoever accept s what Allah has revealed, but did not rule by it , is a Zalim (unj ust ) and a Fasiq (rebellious) and a sinner.'' Ibn Jarir recorded t his st at ement . ` Abdur-Razzaq said, "Ma` mar narrat ed t o us t hat Tawus said t hat Ibn ` Abbas was asked about Allah's st at ement ,

びユ⊥ム∇エΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever does not j udge...) He said, ` It is an act of Kufr.' Ibn Tawus added, ` It is not like t hose who disbelieve in Allah, His angels, His Books and His Messengers.' At h-Thawri narrat ed t hat Ibn Jurayj said t hat ` At a' said, ` There is Kufr and Kufr less t han Kufr, Zulm and Zulm less t han Zulm, Fisq and Fisq less t han Fisq.''' Waki` said t hat Sa` id Al-Makki said t hat Tawus said t hat ,

ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ム∇エΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (And whosoever does not j udge by what Allah has revealed, such are t he disbelievers,) "This is not t he Kufr t hat annuls one's religion.''

リ ∠ ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ͡ ∇ヘレｚ ャゅ͡よ ザ ∠ ∇ヘレｚ ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ リ ｚジ あ ャや∠ヱ ラ ͡ ク⊥ Ι ｙ ゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ク⊥ Ι ｙ や∠ヱ ブ ͡ ∇ルΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ ブ ∠ ∇ルΙ ｘ や∠ヱ リ ͡ ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ベ ∠ ギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ∀ソゅ∠ダ͡ホ ゥ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲイ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ あジ あ ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ルぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ム∇エΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∀り∠ケゅｚヘ∠ミ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや (45. And We ordained t herein for t hem "Life for life, eye for eye, nose for nose, ear for ear, t oot h for t oot h, and wounds equal for equal. " But if anyone remit s t he ret aliat ion by way of charit y, it shall be for him an expiat ion. And whosoever does not j udge by t hat which Allah has revealed, such are t he unj ust .) This Ayah also chast ises and crit icizes t he Jews because in t he Tawrah, t hey have t he law of a life for a life. Yet , t hey defied t his ruling by t ransgression and rebellion. They used t o apply t his ruling when a person from Bani An-Nadir was killed by a Qurayzah person, but t his was not t he case when t he opposit e occurred. Rat her, t hey would revert t o Diyah in t his case. They also defied t he ruling in t he Tawrah t o st one t he adult erer and inst ead came up wit h t heir own form of punishment , flogging, humiliat ion and parading t hem in public. This is why Allah said in t he previous Ayah, t

ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ム∇エΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (And whosoever does not j udge by what Allah has revealed, such are t he disbelievers.) because t hey rej ect ed Allah's command wit h full int ent ion and wit h t ransgression and rebellion. In t his Ayah, Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ (such are t he unj ust .) because t hey did not exact t he oppressed his due right s from t he oppressor in a mat t er which Allah ordered t hat all be t reat ed equally and fairly. Inst ead, t hey defied t hat command, commit t ed inj ust ice and t ransgressed against each ot her.

A Man is Killed for a Woman Whom He Kills Imam Abu Nasr bin As-Sabbagh st at ed in his book, Ash-Shamil, t hat t he scholars agree t hat t his Ayah 5:45 should be implement ed, and t he Imams agree t hat t he man is killed for a woman whom he kills, according t o t he general indicat ions of t his Ayah. A Hadit h t hat An-Nasa'i

recorded st at es t hat t he Messenger of Allah had t his st at ement writ t en in t he book t hat he gave ` Amr bin Hazm,

«り∠ぺ∇ゲ∠ヨ∇ャゅ͡よ モ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ モ ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠» (The man is killed for t he woman (whom he kills).) In anot her Hadit h, t he Messenger said,

«ユ⊥ワぼ⊥ ゅ∠ョキ͡ ほ⊥プ∠ ゅ∠ムわ∠ ゎ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや» (Muslims are equal regarding t he sanct it y of t heir blood.) This is also t he opinion of t he maj orit y of t he scholars. What furt her support s what Ibn As-Sabbagh said is t he Hadit h t hat Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said, "Ar-Rabi` (his aunt ) broke t he t oot h of a girl, and t he relat ives of Ar-Rabi` request ed t he girl's relat ives t o forgive (t he offender), but t hey refused. So, t hey went t o t he Prophet who ordered t hem t o bring about ret aliat ion. Anas bin An-Nadr, her brot her, asked, ` O Allah's Messenger! Will t he t oot h of Ar-Rabi` be broken' The Messenger of Allah said, ` O Anas! The Book of Allah prescribes ret aliat ion.' Anas said, ` No, by Him Who has sent you wit h t he Trut h, her t oot h will not be broken. ' Lat er t he relat ives of t he girl agreed t o forgive Ar-Rabi` and forfeit t heir right t o ret aliat ion. The Messenger of Allah said,

«ロゲよΕ ぶや ヴヤハ ユジホぺ ヲャ リョ ぶや キゅらハ リョ ラま» (There are some of Allah's servant s who, if t hey t ake an oat h by Allah, Allah fullfils t hem.)'' It was recorded in t he Two Sahihs.

Retaliation for Wounds Allah said,

び∀ソゅ∠ダ͡ホ ゥ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲイ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and wounds equal for equal.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Life for life, an eye for an eye, a nose, if cut off, for a nose, a t oot h broken for a t oot h and wounds equal for wound.'' The free Muslims, men and women, are equal in t his mat t er. And t heir slaves, male and female, are equal in t his mat t er. And t his ruling is t he same regarding int ent ional murder and lesser offenses, as Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hat im recorded.

An Important Ruling The ret aliat ion for wounds should not be implement ed unt il t he wounds of t he vict im heal. If ret aliat ion occurs before t he wound heals, and t hen t he wound becomes aggravat ed, t he vict im will have no addit ional right s in t his case. The proof for t his ruling is what Imam Ahmad

narrat ed from ` Amr bin Shu` ayb, from his fat her, from his grandfat her t hat a man once st abbed anot her man in his leg using a horn. The vict im came t o t he Prophet asking for ret aliat ion, and t he Prophet said,

«ぺ∠ゲ∇らゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠» (Not unt il you heal.) The man again came t o t he Prophet and asked for equalit y in ret aliat ion and t he Prophet allowed him t hat . Lat er on, t hat man said, "O Messenger of Allah! I limp now.'' The Messenger said,

モ ∠ト ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ポ ∠ ギ∠バ∇よほ∠プ∠ ∩ヶ͡レわ∠ ∇Βダ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇Βヰ∠ ル∠ ∇ギホ∠ » «マ⊥ィゲ∠ ハ ∠ (I had asked you t o wait , but you disobeyed me. Therefore, Allah cast you away and your limp has no compensat ion.) Aft erwards, t he Messenger of Allah forbade t hat t he wound be ret aliat ed for unt il t he wound of t he vict im heals. If t he vict im is allowed t o ret aliat e for his wound caused by t he aggressor and t he aggressor dies as a result , t here is no compensat ion in t his case, according t o t he maj orit y of t he Companions and t heir followers.

The Pardon is Expiation for Such Offenses Allah said,

びヮ⊥ ｚャ ∀り∠ケゅｚヘ∠ミ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ベ ∠ ギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (But if anyone remit s t he ret aliat ion by way of charit y, it shall be for him an expiat ion.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed t hat

びヮ͡ よ͡ ベ ∠ ギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (But if anyone remit s t he ret aliat ion by way of charit y) means; "If one pardons by way of charit y, it will result in expiat ion for t he aggressor and reward for t he vict im.'' Sufyan At hThawri said t hat ` At a' bin As-Sa'ib said t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, ` He who pardons t he ret aliat ion by way of charit y, it will be an expiat ion for t he aggressor and a reward for t he vict im wit h Allah.'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t his st at ement . Jabir bin ` Abdullah said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ⊥ ｚャ ∀り∠ケゅｚヘ∠ミ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ベ ∠ ギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (But if anyone remit s t he ret aliat ion by way of charit y, it shall be for him an expiat ion,) "For t he vict im.'' This is also t he opinion of Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i and Abu Ishaq Al-

Hamdani. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Ubadah bin As-Samit said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

ベ ⊥ ギｚ ダ ∠ わ∠ Β∠ プ∠ る⇔ ェ ∠ や∠ゲィ ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ジ ∠ィ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゥ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» «ヮ͡よ ベ ∠ ギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゲ∠ ヘｚ ミ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ͡ (Any man who suffers a wound on his body and forfeit s his right of ret aliat ion as way of charit y, t hen Allah will pardon him t hat which is similar t o what he forfeit ed.) An-Nasa'i and Ibn Jarir recorded t his Hadit h. Allah's st at ement ,

ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ルぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ム∇エΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや (And whosoever does not j udge by t hat which Allah has revealed, such are t he unj ust .) Earlier we ment ioned t he st at ement s of ` At a' and Tawus t hat t here is Kufr and lesser Kufr, inj ust ice and lesser inj ust ice and Fisq and lesser Fisq.

ゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョ⊥ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ͡ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ∠バよ͡ ユ͡ワゲ͡ ⇒∠をや￢ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヘｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ Β͡プ モ ∠ Β͡イル͡Ηや ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢∠ヱ り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわ∠ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ⇔ゅホあギ∠ダョ⊥ ∠ヱ ∀ケヲ⊥ルヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ モ ͡ Β͡イル͡Ηや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇エΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ る⇔ ヌ ∠ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ム∇エΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ (46. And in t heir foot st eps, We sent ` Isa, son of Maryam, confirming t he Tawrah t hat had come before him, and We gave him t he Inj il, in which was guidance and light and confirmat ion of t he Tawrah t hat had come before it , a guidance and an admonit ion for t hose who have Taqwa.) (47. Let t he people of t he Inj il j udge by what Allah has revealed t herein. And whosoever does not j udge by what Allah has revealed, such are t he rebellious.)

Allah Mentions ` Isa and Praises the Injil

Allah said,

びゅ∠レ∇Βヘｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We sent ...) meaning, We sent

び∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠をや∠￢ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ぴ (in t heir foot st eps) meaning t he Prophet s of t he Children of Israel,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョ⊥ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ͡ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ∠バよ͡ ぴ びり͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわ∠ ャや (` Isa, son of Maryam, confirming t he Tawrah t hat had come before him,) meaning, he believed in it and ruled by it .

び∀ケヲ⊥ルヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ モ ∠ Β͡イル͡Ηや ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (and We gave him t he Inj il, in which was guidance and light ) a guidance t hat direct s t o t he t rut h and a light t hat removes t he doubt s and solves disput es,

びり͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and confirmat ion of t he Tawrah t hat had come before it ,) meaning, he adhered t o t he Tawrah, except for t he few inst ances t hat clarified t he t rut h where t he Children of Israel differed. Allah st at es in anot her Ayah t hat ` Isa said t o t he Children of Israel,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ∠ ゲあ ェ ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚや ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ムャ∠ モ ｚェ ͡Ι ｘ ヱ∠ ぴ (. ..and t o make lawful t o you part of what was forbidden t o you.) So t he scholars say t hat t he Inj il abrogat ed some of t he rulings of t he Tawrah. Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ る∀ ヌ ∠ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (a guidance and an admonit ion for t hose who have Taqwa.) means, We made t he Inj il guidance and an admonit ion t hat prohibit s commit t ing sins and errors, for t hose who have Taqwa of Allah and fear His warning and t orment . Allah said next ,

びヮ͡ Β͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ モ ͡ Β͡イル͡Ηや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇エΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ぴ (Let t he people of t he Inj il j udge by what Allah has revealed t herein.) meaning, so t hat He j udges t he people of t he Inj il by it in t heir t ime. Or, t he Ayah means, so t hat t hey believe in all t hat is in it and adhere t o all it s commands, including t he good news about t he coming of Muhammad and t he command t o believe in and follow him when he is sent . Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボゎ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ジャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠⇒∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱ り∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや (Say "O People of t he Script ure! You have not hing (guidance) unt il you act according t o t he Tawrah, t he Inj il, and what has been sent down t o you from your Lord.'') and,

ン͡グャｚや ヴ ｚ ョあ Ε ⊥や ヴ ｚ ら͡ レｚャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ びり͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ⇔よヲ⊥わ∇ムョ∠ ヮ⊥ ∠ルヱ⊥ギ͡イ∠Α (Those who follow t he Messenger, t he Prophet who can neit her read nor writ e whom t hey find writ t en wit h t hem in t he Tawrah...) unt il,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャやぴ (...successful.) Here, Allah said,

ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ム∇エΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや (And whosoever does not j udge by what Allah has revealed, such are t he rebellious.) meaning, t he rebellious and disobedient of Allah who prefer falsehood and abandon t rut h. We ment ioned before t hat t his Ayah was revealed about t he Christ ians, and t his is evident from t he cont ext of t he Ayah.

ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョ⊥ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ム∇ェゅ∠プ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ⇔レ͡ヨ∇Βヰ∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡

ｙモム⊥ ャ͡ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ノら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔イ⇒∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ハ ∠ ∇ゲセ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ やヲ⊥ボら͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ユ⊥ム⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ あャ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ユ⊥ムゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ぶや ヴ∠ャま͡ れ ͡ や∠ゲ∇Βガ ∠ ャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ム∇ェや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ リ∠ハ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥レわ͡ ∇ヘΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ ∇ェや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ノら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇ハゅ∠プ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ヂ ͡ ∇バよ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ヂ ͡ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰら∠ Β͡ダΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らΑ∠ る͡ Βｚ ヤ͡ヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇ムエ ⊥ プ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘャ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ムェ ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ (48. And We have sent down t o you t he Book (t his Qur'an) in t rut h, confirming t he Script ure t hat came before it and Muhayminan over it (old Script ures). So j udge bet ween t hem by what Allah has revealed, and follow not t heir vain desires, diverging away from t he t rut h t hat has come t o you. To each among you, We have prescribed a law and a clear way. If Allah willed, He would have made you one nat ion, but t hat (He) may t est you in what He has given you; so compet e in good deeds. The ret urn of you (all) is t o Allah; t hen He will inform you about t hat in which you used t o differ.) (49. And so j udge bet ween t hem by what Allah has revealed and follow not t heir vain desires, but beware of t hem lest t hey t urn you far away from some of t hat which Allah has sent down t o you. And if t hey t urn away, t hen know t hat Allah's will is t o punish t hem for some sins of t heirs. And t ruly, most men are rebellious. (50. Do t hey t hen seek t he j udgement of (t he days of) ignorance And who is bet t er in j udgement t han Allah for a people who have firm fait h.)

Praising the Qur'an; the Command to Refer to the Qur'an for Judgment Allah ment ioned t he Tawrah t hat He sent down t o His Prophet Musa, t he one whom He spoke direct ly t o, praising it , commanding t hat it should be implement ed, before it was abrogat ed. Allah t hen ment ioned t he Inj il, praised it and commanded it s people t o adhere t o it and follow it , as we st at ed. He next ment ioned t he Glorious Qur'an t hat He sent down t o His honorable servant and Messenger. Allah said,

びペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And We have sent down t o you t he Book in t rut h...) meaning, wit h t he t rut h t hat , no doubt , is coming from Allah,

びょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョ⊥ ぴ (confirming t he Script ure t hat came before it ) meaning, t he Divinely Revealed Books t hat praised t he Qur'an and ment ioned t hat it would be sent down from Allah t o His servant and Messenger Muhammad . The Qur'an was revealed as was foret old in t he previous Script ures. This fact increased fait h in t he previous Script ures for t he sincere who have knowledge of t hese Script ures, t hose who adhered t o Allah's commands and Laws and believed in His Messengers. Allah said,

ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ - や⇔ギイ ｚシ ⊥ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ホ∇クΚ ｘ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲガ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ や∠クま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥バ∇ヘヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べ∠レよあ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ び (Say: "Believe in it or do not believe (in it ). Verily, t hose who were given knowledge before it , when it is recit ed t o t hem, fall down on t heir faces in humble prost rat ion.'' And t hey say: "Glory be t o our Lord! Truly, t he promise of our Lord must be fulfilled.'') meaning t hat t hey say, t he promise of our Lord, concerning t he coming of Muhammad by t he words of His previous Messengers, will cert ainly be fulfilled. Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ⇔レ͡ヨ∇Βヰ∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and Muhayminan over it ) means ent rust ed over it , according t o Sufyan At h-Thawri who narrat ed it from Abu Ishaq from At -Tamimi from Ibn ` Abbas. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Muhaymin is, ` t he Trust wort hy'. Allah says t hat t he Qur'an is t rust wort hy over every Divine Book t hat preceded it .'' This was report ed from ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Muj ahid, Muhammad bin Ka` b, ` At iyyah, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, ` At a' Al-Khurasani, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd. Ibn Jarir said, "The Qur'an is t rust wort hy over t he Books t hat preceded it . Therefore, what ever in t hese previous Books conforms t o t he Qur'an is t rue, and what ever disagrees wit h t he Qur'an is false.'' Al-Walibi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Muhayminan means, ` Wit ness'. Muj ahid, Qat adah and As-Suddi said t he same. Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Muhayminan means, ` dominant over t he previous Script ures'. These meanings are similar, as t he word Muhaymin includes t hem all. Consequent ly, t he Qur'an is t rust wort hy, a wit ness, and dominant over every Script ure t hat preceded it . This Glorious Book, which Allah revealed as t he Last and Final Book, is t he most encompassing, glorious and perfect Book of all t imes. The

Qur'an includes all t he good aspect s of previous Script ures and even more, which no previous Script ure ever cont ained. This is why Allah made it t rust wort hy, a wit ness and dominant over all Script ures. Allah promised t hat He will prot ect t he Qur'an and swore by His Most Honorable Self,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠エャ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ミグあ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ∠ル リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅｚル͡まぴ (Verily, We, it is We Who have sent down t he Dhikr and surely, We will guard it (from corrupt ion).) Allah said,

びヮ⊥ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ム∇ェゅ∠プぴ (So j udge bet ween t hem by what Allah has revealed.) The Ayah commands: O Muhammad! Rule bet ween t he people, Arabs and non-Arabs, let t ered and unlet t ered, by what Allah has revealed t o you in t his Glorious Book and what it approves of for you from t he Law of t he previous Prophet s, as Ibn Jarir said. Ibn Abi Hat im report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Prophet had t he choice t o j udge bet ween t hem or t o t urn away from t hem and refer t hem t o t heir own Law. Then t his Ayah was revealed,

∇ノら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ム∇ェや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ (So j udge bet ween t hem by what Allah has revealed, and follow not t heir vain desires. ..) and he was commanded t o j udge bet ween t hem by our Book.''. Allah's st at ement

び∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ノら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and follow not t heir vain desires...) This means t he ideas t hey promot e, because of which t hey t urned away from what Allah revealed t o His Messengers. This is why Allah said,

びペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ノら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And follow not t heir vain desires, diverging away from t he t rut h t hat has come t o you.) The Ayah commands: Do not diverge from t he t rut h t hat Allah has ordained for you, t o t he vain desires of t hese miserable, ignorant people. Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔イ⇒∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ハ ∠ ∇ゲセ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ｙモム⊥ ャ͡ぴ (To each among you, We have prescribed a law and a clear way.)

びる⇔ ハ ∠ ∇ゲセ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ｙモム⊥ ャ͡ぴ (To each among you, We have prescribed a law) Shir` at meaning, a clear pat h, as Ibn Abi Hat im recorded from Ibn ` Abbas.

びり⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (If Allah willed, He would have made you one nat ion.) This is a general proclamat ion t o all nat ions informing t hem of Allah's might y abilit y. If Allah wills, He would make all mankind follow one religion and one Law, t hat would never be abrogat ed. Allah decided t hat every Prophet would have his own dist inct law t hat is lat er abrogat ed part ially or t ot ally wit h t he law of a lat t er Prophet . Lat er on, all previous laws were abrogat ed by t he Law t hat Allah sent wit h Muhammad , His servant and Messenger, whom Allah sent t o t he people of eart h as t he Final Prophet . Allah said,

∇ユミ⊥ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ あャ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びユ⊥ム⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ョ ヴ͡プ (If Allah willed, He would have made you one nat ion, but t hat (He) may t est you in what He has given you.) This Ayah means, Allah has inst it ut ed different laws t o t est His servant s' obedience t o what He legislat es for t hem, t hus, He rewards or punishes t hem according t o t heir act ions and what t hey int end. ` Abdullah bin Kat hir said t hat t he Ayah,

びユ⊥ム⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ョ ヴ͡プぴ (In what He has given you.) means, of t he Book. Next , Allah encouraged rushing t o perform good deeds,

びれ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ボら͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ (so st rive as in a race in good deeds.) which are obedience t o Allah, following His Law t hat abrogat ed t he laws t hat came before it , and believing in His Book, t he Qur'an, which is t he Final Book t hat He revealed. Allah said next ,

び∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ぶや ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (The ret urn of you (all) is t o Allah;) Therefore, O people, your ret urn and final dest inat ion is t o Allah on t he Day of Resurrect ion,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ムゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ぴ (t hen He will inform you about t hat in which you used t o differ.) Allah will inform you about t he t rut h in which you used t o differ and will reward t he sincere, as compensat ion for t heir sincerit y, and will punish t he disbelieving, rebellious people who rej ect ed t he t rut h and deviat ed from it t o ot her pat hs, wit hout proof or evidence t o j ust ify t heir act ions. Rat her, t hey have rej ect ed t he clear evidences, unequivocal proofs and est ablished signs. Ad-Dahhak said t hat ,

びれ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ボら͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ (So st rive as in a race in good deeds.)is direct ed at t he Ummah of Muhammad , but t he first view is more apparent . Allah's st at ement ,

∇ノら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ム∇ェや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ (And so j udge bet ween t hem by what Allah has revealed and follow not t heir vain desires,) emphasizes t his command and forbids ignoring it . Allah said next ,

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ヂ ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ∠ハ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥レわ͡ ∇ヘΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ ∇ェや∠ヱぴ びマ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ (but beware of t hem lest t hey t urn you far away from some of t hat which Allah has sent down t o you. ) meaning; beware of t he Jews, your enemies, lest t hey dist ort t he t rut h for you in what t hey convey t o you. Therefore, do not be deceived by t hem, for t hey are liars, t reacherous and disbelievers.

び∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (And if t hey t urn away,) from t he j udgement t hat you pass in t heir disput es, and t hey defy Allah's Law,

び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ヂ ͡ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰら∠ Β͡ダΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇ハゅ∠プぴ

(t hen know t hat Allah's will is t o punish t hem for some sins of t heirs.) meaning, know t hat t his will occur according t o t he decree of Allah, and because out of His wisdom t hey have deviat ed from t he t rut h, and because of t heir previous sins.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘャ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t ruly, most men are rebellious.) Therefore, t he maj orit y of humans are disobedient t o t heir Lord, defiant of t he t rut h and deviat e away from it . Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ ろ ∠ ∇タゲ∠ ェ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And most people will not believe even if you desire it eagerly,) and,

リ∠ハ ポ ∠ ヲぁヤツ ͡ Α⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇ノト ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ (And if you obey most of t hose on t he eart h t hey will mislead you far away from Allah's pat h.) Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Ka` b bin Asad, Ibn Saluba, ` Abdullah bin Surya and Shas bin Qays said t o each ot her, ` Let us go t o Muhammad t o t ry and misguide him from his religion.' So t hey went t o t he Prophet and said, ` O Muhammad! You know t hat we are t he scholars, noblemen and chiefs of t he Jews. If we follow you, t he Jews will follow suit and will not cont radict us. But , t here is enmit y bet ween us and some of our people, so we will refer t o you for j udgement in t his mat t er, and you should rule in our favor against t hem and we will believe in you.' The Messenger of Allah refused t he offer and Allah sent down t hese Ayat about t hem,

∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ノら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ム∇ェや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ヂ ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ∠ハ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥レわ͡ ∇ヘΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ ∇ェや∠ヱ びマ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ (And so j udge bet ween t hem by what Allah has revealed and follow not t heir vain desires, but beware of t hem lest t hey t urn you far away from some of t hat which Allah has sent down t o you.) unt il,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ぴ

(for a people who have firm fait h.)'' Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t his Hadit h. Allah cont inues,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らΑ∠ る͡ Βｚ ヤ͡ヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇ムエ ⊥ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ムェ ⊥ (Do t hey t hen seek t he j udgement of (t he days of) ignorance And who is bet t er in j udgement t han Allah for a people who have firm fait h) Allah crit icizes t hose who ignore Allah's commandment s, which include every t ype of right eous good t hing and prohibit every t ype of evil, but t hey refer inst ead t o opinions, desires and cust oms t hat people t hemselves invent ed, all of which have no basis in Allah's religion. During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, t he people used t o abide by t he misguidance and ignorance t hat t hey invent ed by sheer opinion and lust s. The Tat ar (Mongols) abided by t he law t hat t hey inherit ed from t heir king Genghis Khan who wrot e Al-Yasiq, for t hem. This book cont ains some rulings t hat were derived from various religions, such as Judaism, Christ ianit y and Islam. Many of t hese rulings were derived from his own opinion and desires. Lat er on, t hese rulings became t he followed law among his children, preferring t hem t o t he Law of t he Book of Allah and t he Sunnah of His Messenger . Therefore, whoever does t his, he is a disbeliever who deserves t o be fought against , unt il he revert s t o Allah's and His Messenger's decisions, so t hat no law, minor or maj or, is referred t o except by His Law. Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らΑ∠ る͡ Βｚ ヤ͡ヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇ムエ ⊥ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Do t hey t hen seek t he j udgement of (t he days of) ignorance) meaning, t hey desire and want t his and ignore Allah's j udgement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ムェ ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And who is bet t er in j udgement t han Allah for a people who have firm fait h) Who is more j ust in decision t han Allah for t hose who comprehend Allah's Law, believe in Him, who are cert ain t hat Allah is t he best among t hose who give decisions and t hat He is more merciful wit h His creat ion t han t he mot her wit h her own child Allah has perfect knowledge of everyt hing, is able t o do all t hings, and He is j ust in all mat t ers. Al-Hafiz Abu Al-Qasim At -Tabarani recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヶ͡プ ヶ͡ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∩ｚモィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ャま͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヂ ⊥ ピ∠ ∇よぺ∠» ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや ュ͡ キ∠ ょ ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠デヱ∠ ∩͡るΒｚ ヤ͡ワ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや る∠ レｚ シ ⊥ ュ͡ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや «ヮ∠ョキ∠ ペ ∠ Α͡ゲΒ⊥ ャ͡ ペ ∠ェ ∠

(The most hat ed person t o Allah is t he Muslim who seeks t he ways of t he days of ignorance and he who seeks t o shed t he blood of a person wit hout j ust ificat ion.) Al-Bukhari recorded Abu AlYaman narrat ing a similar Hadit h, wit h some addit ion.

∠キヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚ ャや∠ヱ ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∀チ∠ゲョｚ ユ͡ヰ͡よヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン∠ゲわ∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや り∀ ゲ∠ も͡ へ∠キ ゅ∠レら∠ Β͡ダゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ゼ∇ガル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゲ͡ ⇒∠ジΑ⊥ ロ͡ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ ゲ∃ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ウ ͡ ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ジバ∠ プ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡ョギ͡ ⇒∠ル ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱぁゲシ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エら͡ ∇ダΒ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒⊥ワぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ろト ∠ ら͡ ェ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ヨ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ギ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠カ ∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ (51. O you who believe! Do not t ake friends from t he Jews and t he Christ ians, as t hey are but friends of each ot her. And if any among you befriends t hem, t hen surely, he is one of t hem. Verily, Allah guides not t hose people who are t he wrongdoers.) (52. And you see t hose in whose heart s t here is a disease, t hey hurry t o t heir friendship, saying: "We fear lest some misfort une of a disast er may befall us. '' Perhaps Allah may bring a vict ory or a decision according t o His will. Then t hey will become regret ful for what t hey have been keeping as a secret in t hemselves.) (53. And t hose who believe will say: "Are t hese t he men who swore t heir st rongest oat hs by Allah t hat t hey were wit h you'' All t hat t hey did has been in vain, and t hey have become t he losers.)

The Prohibition of Taking the Jews, Christians and Enemies of Islam as Friends Allah forbids His believing servant s from having Jews and Christ ians as friends, because t hey are t he enemies of Islam and it s people, may Allah curse t hem. Allah t hen st at es t hat t hey are friends of each ot her and He gives a warning t hreat t o t hose who do t his,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And if any among you befriends t hem, t hen surely he is one of t hem.) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Umar ordered Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari t o send him on one sheet of balance t he count of what he t ook in and what he spent . Abu Musa t hen had a Christ ian scribe, and he was able t o comply wit h ` Umar's demand. ` Umar liked what he saw and exclaimed, "This scribe is proficient . Would you read in t he Masj id a let t er t hat came t o us from Ash-Sham'' Abu Musa said, ` He cannot .'' ` Umar said, "Is he not pure'' Abu Musa said, "No, but he is Christ ian.'' Abu Musa said, "So ` Umar admonished me and poked my t high (wit h his finger), saying, ` Drive him out (from Al-Madinah).' He t hen recit ed,

∠キヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ び￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚ ャや∠ヱ (O you who believe! Take not t he Jews and t he Christ ians as friends...)'' Then he report ed t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Ut bah said, "Let one of you beware t hat he might be a Jew or a Christ ian, while unaware.'' The narrat or of t his st at ement said, "We t hought t hat he was referring t o t he Ayah,

∠キヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ び￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚ ャや∠ヱ (O you who believe! Take not t he Jews and t he Christ ians as friends, )'' Allah said,

び∀チ∠ゲョｚ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン∠ゲわ∠ プ∠ ぴ (And you see t hose in whose heart s t here is a disease...) A disease of doubt , hesit at ion and hypocrisy.

び∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゲ͡ ⇒∠ジΑ⊥ ぴ (t hey hurry t o t heir friendship,) meaning, t hey rush t o offer t hem t heir friendship and allegiances in secret and in public,

びり∀ ゲ∠ も͡ へ∠キ ゅ∠レら∠ Β͡ダゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ゼ∇ガル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ (saying: "We fear lest some misfort une of a disast er may befall us.") They t hus offer t his excuse for t heir friendship and allegiances t o t he disbelievers, saying t hat t hey fear t hat t he

disbelievers might defeat t he Muslims, so t hey want t o be in favor wit h t he Jews and Christ ians, t o use t his favor for t heir benefit in t hat event ualit y! Allah replied,

びウ ͡ ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ジバ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Perhaps Allah may bring a vict ory...) referring t o t he conquering of Makkah, according t o AsSuddi.

びロ͡ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ ゲ∃ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or a decision according t o His will) requiring t he Jews and Christ ians t o pay t he Jizyah, as AsSuddi st at ed,

び∇やヲ⊥エら͡ ∇ダΒ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (Then t hey will become) meaning, t he hypocrit es who gave t heir friendship t o t he Jews and Christ ians, will become,

び∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱぁゲシ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ぴ (for what t hey have been keeping as a secret in t hemselves) of allegiances,

びリ ∠ Β͡ョギ͡ ⇒∠ルぴ (regret ful,) for t heir friendship wit h t he Jews and Christ ians which did not benefit t hem or prot ect t hem from any harm. Rat her, it was not hing but harm, as Allah exposed t heir t rue realit y t o His fait hful servant s in t his life, alt hough t hey t ried t o conceal it . When t he signs t hat exposed t heir hypocrisy were compiled against t hem, t heir mat t er became clear t o Allah's fait hful servant s. So t he believers were amazed at t hese hypocrit es who pret ended t o be believers, swearing t o t heir fait hfulness, yet t heir claims were all lies and deceit . This is why Allah said, s

ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒⊥ワぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ろト ∠ ら͡ ェ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ヨ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ギ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠カ ∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠

(And t hose who believe will say, "Are t hese t he men who swore t heir st rongest oat hs by Allah t hat t hey were wit h you'' All t hat t hey did has been in vain, and t hey have become t he losers.)

ヮ͡ レ͡ Α͡キ リ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ギｚ ゎ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ リ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∃ ャｚク͡ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ り∃ ゴｚ ハ ͡ ぺ∠ リ ∠ Βレ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ユ∃ も͡ Ι る∠ ョ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ⇒∠ガΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ぁΒャ͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ノ∀ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや メ ｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バミ͡ や∠ケ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ∠ ∇ゴェ ͡ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡⇒∠ピ∇ャや (54. O you who believe! Whoever from among you t urns back from his religion (Islam), Allah will bring a people whom He will love and t hey will love Him; humble t owards t he believers, st ern t owards t he disbelievers, fight ing in t he way of Allah, and never fearing t he blame of t he blamers. That is t he grace of Allah which He best ows on whom He wills. And Allah is AllSufficient for His creat ures' needs, All-Knower.) (55. Verily, your Prot ect or is Allah, His Messenger, and t he believers, t hose who perform t he Salah, and give Zakah, and t hey bow down.) (56. And whosoever t akes Allah, His Messenger, and t hose who have believed, as prot ect ors, t hen t he part y of Allah will be t he vict orious.)

Threatening to Replace the Believers With Another People if They Revert from Islam Allah emphasizes His might y abilit y and st at es t hat whoever revert s from support ing His religion and est ablishing His Law, t hen Allah will replace t hem wit h whomever is bet t er, might ier and more right eous in Allah's religion and Law. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇メギ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ￢⊥ へ∠ゲボ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ャやぴ び∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ (And if you t urn away, He will exchange you for some ot her people and t hey will not be your likes.) and,

ペ あ エ∇ャゅ͡よ チ ∠ ∇ケΕ ∠ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ギ∃ Α͡ギィ ∠ ペ ∃ ∇ヤガ ∠ よ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇らワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ Α∠ ラ͡ま び ゴ∃ Α͡ゴバ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (Do you not see t hat Allah has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h wit h t rut h If He will, He can remove you and bring (in your place) a new creat ion! And for Allah t hat is not hard or difficult .) 14:19-20 . Verily t his is not difficult or hard on Allah. Allah said here,

びヮ͡ レ͡ Α͡キ リ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ギｚ ゎ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ リ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O you who believe! Whoever from among you t urns back from his religion...) and t urns back from t he t rut h t o falsehood, from now unt il t he commencement of t he Last Hour. Allah said next ,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ り∃ ゴｚ ハ ͡ ぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∃ ャｚク͡ ぺ∠ぴ (humble t owards t he believers, st ern t owards t he disbelievers.) These are t he qualit ies of perfect believers, as t hey are humble wit h t heir believing brot hers and allies, st ern wit h t heir enemies and adversaries. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ￢⊥ へｚギセ ͡ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケｚ ∀ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョぁ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨ∠ェケ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや (Muhammad is t he Messenger of Allah. And t hose who are wit h him are severe against disbelievers, and merciful among t hemselves.) The Prophet is described as t he smiling fight er, smiling t o his allies and fight ing his enemies. Allah's st at ement ,

びユ∃ も͡ Ι る∠ ョ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ⇒∠ガΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ ぴ

(Fight ing in t he way of Allah, and never fearing t he blame of t he blamers.) Not hing prevent s t hem from obeying Allah, est ablishing His Law, fight ing His enemies, enj oining right eousness and forbidding evil. Cert ainly, not hing prevent s t hem from t aking t his pat h, neit her someone who seeks t o hinder t hem, nor one who blames or chast ises t hem. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Dharr said, "My Khalil (int imat e friend, t he Messenger) has commanded me t o do seven deeds. He commanded me t o love t he poor and t o be close t o t hem. He commanded me t o look at t hose who are less t han me and not t hose who are above me. He commanded me t o keep t he relat ions of t he womb, even if t hey cut it . He commanded me not t o ask anyone for anyt hing, t o say t he t rut h even if it was bit t er, and t o not fear t he blame of anyone for t he sake of Allah. He commanded me t o oft en repeat , ` La hawla wa la quwwat a illa billah (There is no st rengt h or power except from Allah)', for t hese words are from a t reasure under t he Throne (of Allah).'' It is confirmed in t he Sahih;

«ヮ∠ジ∇ヘル∠ ｚメグ͡ Α⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ヶ͡ピら∠ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (The believer is not required t o humiliat e himself.) He was asked; "How does one humiliat e himself, O Messenger of Allah'' So he replied;

«ペΒ͡トΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ゅ∠ョ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ モ ⊥ ヨｚ エ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ » (He t akes on t est s t hat he cannot bear.)

び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ͡ヮΒ͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (That is t he grace of Allah which He best ows on whom He wills.) meaning, t hose who have t hese qualit ies, acquired it by Allah's bount y and favor and because He grant ed t hem t hese qualit ies.

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ノ∀ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is All-Sufficient for His creat ures' needs, All-Knower,) His favor is ever ext ending, and He has perfect knowledge of t hose who deserve or do not deserve His favor and bount y. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ Βぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, your Prot ect or is Allah, His Messenger, and t he believers...) means, t he Jews are not your friends. Rat her, your allegiance is t o Allah, His Messenger and t he fait hful believers.

びり∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ラ ∠ ヲヨ⊥ Β͡ボΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ

(t hose who perform t he Salah, and give t he Zakah...) referring t o t he believers who have t hese qualit ies and est ablish t he prayer, which is one of t he most import ant pillars of Islam, for it includes worshipping Allah alone wit hout part ners. They pay Zakah, which is t he right of t he creat ion and a t ype of help ext ended t o t he needy and t he poor. As for Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バミ͡ や∠ケ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey bow down,) some people t hought t hat t hey give t he Zakah while bowing down. If t his were t he case, t hen paying t he Zakah while bowing would be t he best form of giving Zakah. No scholar from whom religious rulings are t aken says t his, as much as we know. Therefore,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バミ͡ や∠ケ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey bow down,) means, t hey at t end t he prayer in congregat ion in Allah's Masj ids and spend by way of charit y on t he various needs of Muslims. Allah said;

ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや メ ｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡⇒∠ピ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ∠ ∇ゴェ ͡ (And whosoever t akes Allah, His Messenger, and t hose who have believed, as prot ect ors, t hen t he part y of Allah will be t he vict orious.) similarly Allah said;

ン ｘ ヲ͡ ホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ͡ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ リ ｚ ら∠ ヤ͡∇ビΙ ∂ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ぴ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ギ⊥ イ ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ｚ - ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや キｚ べ∠ェ ∇リョ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁキへ∠ヲΑ⊥ ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ゲ∠ Β͡ゼハ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ゥ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲよ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ Αｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リョ͡ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ⊥ ∇ゴェ ͡ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ッ ͡ ケ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ∠ ∇ゴェ ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠

(Allah has decreed: "Verily, it is I and My Messengers who shall be t he vict orious.'' Verily, Allah is All-Powerful, Almight y. You will not find any people who believe in Allah and t he Last Day, making friendship wit h t hose who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even t hough t hey were t heir fat hers or t heir sons or t heir brot hers or t heir kindred (people). For such He has writ t en fait h in t heir heart s, and st rengt hened t hem wit h a Ruh (proof) from Himself. And He will admit t hem t o Gardens (Paradise) under which rivers flow t o dwell t herein (forever). Allah is pleased wit h t hem, and t hey wit h Him. They are t he part y of Allah. Verily, it is t he part y of Allah t hat will be t he successful.) Therefore, t hose who accept t he allegiance of Allah - His Messenger and t he fait hful believers - will gain success in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Hence Allah's st at ement here,

ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや メ ｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡⇒∠ピ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ∠ ∇ゴェ ͡ (And whosoever t akes Allah, His Messenger, and t hose who have believed, as prot ect ors, t hen t he part y of Allah will be t he vict orious.)

∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ら͡バャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ ゅ⇔ら͡バャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ や り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αギ∠ ⇒∠ル や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι ｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク (57. O you who believe! Do not t ake as friends t hose who t ake your religion for a mockery and fun from t hose who received t he Script ures before you, and (nor) t he disbelievers; and have Taqwa of Allah if you indeed are t rue believers. ) (58. And when you proclaim t he call for t he Salah, t hey t ake it (but ) as a mockery and fun; t hat is because t hey are a people who underst and not .)

The Prohibition of Being Loyal Friends with Disbelievers This Ayah discourages and forbids t aking t he enemies of Islam and it s people, such as t he People of t he Book and t he polyt heist s, as friends. These disbelievers mock t he most import ant act s t hat any person could ever perform, t he honorable, pure act s of Islam which include all t ypes of good for t his life and t he Hereaft er. They mock such act s and make t hem t he subj ect of j est and play, because t his is what t hese act s represent in t heir misguided minds and cold heart s. Allah said;

びケ∠ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョあ ぴ (from t hose who received t he Script ures before you and (nor) t he disbelievers...) This is t o clarify t he part icular cat egory (of disbelievers). As Allah said,

びリ ͡ ⇒∠を∇ヱΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇ィゲあ ャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プぴ (So shun t he evil of t he idols...) 22:30 So some recit ed it "Kuffari'', making it an obj ect of t he preposit ion, and ot hers recit ed it "Kuffara'', making it a predicat e noun;

リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ら͡バャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇やヱ⊥グ∠ガゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや (Take not as friends t hose who t ake your religion for a mockery and fun from t hose who received t he Script ures before you...) wit h t he meaning of "nor'',

び￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (nor t he disbelievers as friends) That is, do not t ake t hese people nor t hose people as friends. The meaning here of "Kuffar'' disbelievers is idolat ors. Similarly, Ibn Jarir recorded t hat in t he recit at ion of Ibn Mas` ud in place of "Kuffar'' he recit ed it : "and t hose who commit Shirk. Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And have Taqwa of Allah if you indeed are t rue believers.) means, fear Allah and do not t ake t he enemies of you and your religion as friends, if you believe in Allah's Law and religion t hat t hese people mocked and j est ed about . Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや グ͡ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ Ι ｚぴ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ケあグエ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ま͡ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや

(Let not t he believers t ake t he disbelievers as friends inst ead of t he believers, and whoever does t hat , will never be helped by Allah in any way, except if you indeed fear a danger from t hem. And Allah warns you against Himself, and t o Allah is t he final ret urn.)

The Disbelievers Mock the Prayer and the Adhan Allah said,

びゅ⇔ら͡バャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ や り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αギ∠ ⇒∠ル や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when you proclaim t he call for t he Salah, t hey t ake it (but ) as a mockery and fun;) When you proclaim t he Adhan for t he prayer, which is t he best act ion t here is, for t hose who have sound minds and good comprehension,

びゅ∠ワヱ⊥グ∠ガゎｚ やぴ (t hey t ake it ...) also,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι ｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ゅ⇔ら͡バャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ ぴ (as a mockery and fun; t hat is because t hey are a people who underst and not .) t he act s of worship and Allah's Law. These are t he charact erist ics of t he followers of Shayt an who,

∇ヵぺ∠ ∩∀ソゅ∠ダェ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゲ∠ よ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ラ ∠ や∠クほ∠∇ャや ノ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ や∠クま͡» ヶ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ク∇ほわｚ ャや ノ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩∀ヅや∠ゲッ ⊥ ヶ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∠ゲよ∠ ∇キぺ∠ り͡ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ヤ͡ャ ゆ ∠ ヲあ を⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∩⊥リΑ͡ク∇ほわｚ ャや ∩͡ヮら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゲ∠ ト ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ょ ⊥ Α͡ヲ∇んわｚ ャや ゲ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡ャ ∩や∠グミ∠ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クや や∠グミ∠ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クや :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩ヴｚヤタ ∠ ∇ユミ∠ ヵ͡ケ∇ギ∠Α ゅ∠ャ モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや モ ｚヌ ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ «ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ギ∠ ∇イシ ∠ ∇ギイ ⊥ ∇ジΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∩∠マャ͡ク ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠

(When t he call for prayer is made, Shayt an t akes t o his heels passing wind so t hat he may not hear t he Adhan. When t he call is finished he comes back, and when t he Iqamah is pronounced, Shayt an again t akes t o his heels. When t he Iqamah is finished he comes back again and t ries t o int erfere wit h t he person and his t hought s and t o say, ` Remember t his and t hat ,' which he has not t hought of before t he prayer, unt il t he praying person forget s how much he has prayed. If anyone of you does not remember, t hen he should perform t wo prost rat ions before pronouncing t he Salam.) This Hadit h is agreed upon. Az-Zuhri said, "Allah ment ioned t he Adhan in His Book,

ゅ⇔ら͡バャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥グ∠ガゎｚ や り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αギ∠ ⇒∠ル や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι ｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク (And when you proclaim t he call for t he Salah, t hey t ake it (but ) as a mockery and fun; t hat is because t hey are a people who underst and not .)'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t his st at ement .

ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ラぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ べｚレ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨボ͡ レ∠ゎ ∇モワ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠⇒∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ャ͡ク リあョ ゲｙ ゼ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらル∠ ぺ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ ツ ͡ ビ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヮ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ャｚ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ る⇔ よ∠ ヲ⊥んョ∠ れ ∠ ヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚトャや ギ∠ ら∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ Α͡コゅ∠レガ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ り∠ キ∠ ゲ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ - モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや ￢͡ へ∠ヲシ ∠ リ∠ハ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョｚ ゲｘ セ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ∠ キｚ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ∠ カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ラ ͡ や∠ヱ∇ギバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユ͡ ∇をΗ ͡ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゲ͡ ⇒∠ジΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ ろ ∠ ∇エジ ぁ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ヤ͡∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ユ∠ ∇をΗ ͡ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ リ∠ハ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇ェΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲぁΒレ͡ ⇒ｚよゲｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇レΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ ろ ∠ ∇エジ ぁ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ヤ͡∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠

a(59. Say: "O People of t he Script ure! Do you crit icize us for no ot her reason t han t hat we believe in Allah, and in what has been sent down t o us and in t hat which has been sent down before (us), and t hat most of you are rebellious'') (60. Say: "Shall I inform you of somet hing worse t han t hat , regarding t he recompense from Allah: t hose who incurred t he curse of Allah and His wrat h, and t hose of whom He t ransformed int o monkeys and swine, and t hose who worshipped Taghut ; such are worse in rank, and far more ast ray from t he st raight pat h.'') (61. When t hey come t o you, t hey say: "We believe.'' But in fact t hey ent er wit h disbelief and t hey go out wit h t he same. And Allah knows all t hat t hey were hiding.) (62. And you see many of t hem hurrying for sin and t ransgression, and eat ing illegal t hings. Evil indeed is t hat which t hey have been doing.) (63. Why do not t he Rabbaniyyun and t he Ahbar forbid t hem from ut t ering sinful words and from eat ing illegal t hings. Evil indeed is t hat which t hey have been performing.)

The People of the Book are Enraged at the Believers Because of their Faith in Allah Allah commands: Say, O Muhammad, t o t hose who mock and j est about your religion from among t he People of t he Script ures,

ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ラぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ べｚレ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨボ͡ レ∠ゎ ∇モワ∠ ぴ びモ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ (Do you crit icize us for no ot her reason t han t hat we believe in Allah, and in what has been sent down t o us and in t hat which has been sent down before (us)) Do you have any crit icism or cause of blame for us, ot her t han t his This, by no means, is cause of blame or crit icism. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨボ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ギ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや (And t hey had no fault except t hat t hey believed in Allah, t he Almight y, Wort hy of all praise!) and,

リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ Ι ∠ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨボ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ (and t hey could not find any cause t o do so except t hat Allah and His Messenger had enriched t hem of His bount y.) 9:74 In an agreed upon Hadit h, t he Prophet said,

«ぶや ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ビほ∠プ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡ボプ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ モ ∃ Β͡ヨィ ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ユ⊥ ボ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (What caused Ibn Jamil t o Yanqim (refuse t o give Zakah), alt hough he was poor and Allah made him rich) Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat most of you are rebellious. ..) is connect ed t o

リ͡ョ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ラぺ∠ぴ びモ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ (t hat we believe in Allah, and in t hat which has been sent down t o us and in t hat which has been sent down before (us).) Therefore, t he meaning of t his part of t he Ayah is: we also believe t hat most of you are rebellious and deviat ed from t he st raight pat h.

The People of the Scriptures Deserve the Worst Torment on the Day of Resurrection Allah said next ,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ る⇔ よ∠ ヲ⊥んョ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク リあョ ゲｙ ゼ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらル∠ ぺ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Shall I inform you of somet hing worse t han t hat , regarding t he recompense from Allah") The Ayah commands t he Prophet t o say: Shall I inform you about a worse people wit h Allah on t he Day of Resurrect ion t han what you t hink of us They are you, wit h t hese charact erist ics,

びヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヮ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ャｚ リ∠ョぴ (t hose who incurred t he curse of Allah) were expelled from His mercy,

びヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ ツ ͡ ビ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and who incurred His wrat h) and anger, aft er which He will never be pleased wit h t hem,

びゲ∠ Α͡コゅ∠レガ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ り∠ キ∠ ゲ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(t hose of whom He t ransformed int o monkeys and swine,) as we ment ioned in Surat Al-Baqarah (2) and as we will ment ion in Surat Al-A` raf (7). Sufyan At h-Thawri narrat ed t hat Ibn Mas` ud said, "Allah's Messenger was asked if t he current monkeys and swine were t hose whom Allah t ransformed. He said,

モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΒ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇オジ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇マヤ͡∇ヰΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま» ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ゲ∠ Α͡コゅ∠レガ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ り∠ キ∠ ゲ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔らボ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヤ∇ジ∠ル ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ «マ͡ャク モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ (Allah never dest royed a people by t ransforming t hem and making offspring or descendant s for t hem. The monkeys and swine exist ed before t hat .)'' This was also recorded by Muslim. Allah said,

びれ ∠ ヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚトャや ギ∠ ら∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Those who worshipped Taghut ...) and served t hem, becoming t heir servant s. The meaning of t his Ayah is: you, O People of t he Script ures, who mock our religion, which consist s of Allah's Tawhid, and singling Him out in worship wit hout ot hers, how can you mock us while t hese are your charact erist ics This is why Allah said,

びゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョｚ ゲｘ セ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (such are worse in rank...) t han what you -- People of t he Script ures -- t hink of us Muslims,

びモ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや ￢͡ へ∠ヲシ ∠ リ∠ハ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and far more ast ray from t he st raight pat h.) ` More' in t he Ayah does not mean t hat t he ot her part y is ` less' ast ray, but it means t hat t he People of t he Script ures are far ast ray. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,

リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョぁ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ボョ∠ (The dwellers of Paradise will, on t hat Day, have t he best abode, and have t he fairest of places for repose.)

The Hypocrites Pretend to be Believers but Hide their Kufr said,

∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ∠ キｚ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ∠ カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ (When t hey come t o you, t hey say, "We believe.'' But in fact t hey ent er wit h (an int ent ion of) disbelief and t hey go out wit h t he same.) This is t he descript ion of t he hypocrit es, for t hey pret end t o be believers while t heir heart s hide Kufr. So Allah said;

び∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ∠ キｚ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (But in fact t hey ent er) on you, O Muhammad,

びゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よぴ (wit h disbelief) in t heir heart s and t hey depart wit h Kufr, and t his is why t hey do not benefit from t he knowledge t hey hear from you, nor does t he advice and reminder move t hem. So,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ∠ カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey go out wit h t he same) meaning, t hey alone,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (and Allah knows all t hat t hey were hiding.) Allah knows t heir secret s and what t heir heart s conceal, even if t hey pret end ot herwise wit h His creat ures, t hus pret ending t o be what t hey are not . Allah, Who has perfect knowledge of t he seen and unseen, has more knowledge about t he hypocrit es t han any of His creat ures do and He will recompense t hem accordingly. Allah's st at ement ,

ユ͡ ∇をΗ ͡ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゲ͡ ⇒∠ジΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びろ ∠ ∇エジ ぁ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ヤ͡∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ͡ラや∠ヱ∇ギバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ

(And you see many of t hem (Jews) hurrying for sin and t ransgression, and eat ing illegal t hings.) They hurry t o devour prohibit ed and illegal t hings, all t he while t ransgressing against people, unj ust ly consuming t heir propert y t hrough bribes and Riba,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ぴ (Evil indeed is t hat which t hey have been doing.) Indeed, horrible is t hat which t hey used t o do and t he t ransgression t hat t hey commit t ed.

Criticizing Rabbis and Learned Religious Men for Giving up on Forbidding Evil Allah said,

ユ∠ ∇をΗ ͡ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ リ∠ハ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇ェΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲぁΒレ͡ ⇒ｚよゲｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇レΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ ろ ∠ ∇エジ ぁ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ヤ͡∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ (Why do not t he Rabbaniyyun and t he Ahbar forbid t hem from ut t ering sinful words and from eat ing illegal t hings. Evil indeed is t hat which t hey have been performing.) meaning why don't t he Rabbaniyyun and t he Ahbar forbid t hem from t his evil The Rabbaniyyun are t he scholars who are in posit ions of aut horit y, while t he Ahbar are t he regular scholars.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ぴ (Evil indeed is t hat which t hey have been performing.) referring t o t he Rabbaniyyun, as ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, because t hey abandoned forbidding evil. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "There is no Ayah in t he Qur'an t hat has more severe admonit ion t han t his Ayah,

ユ∠ ∇をΗ ͡ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ リ∠ハ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇ェΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲぁΒレ͡ ⇒ｚよゲｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇レΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ ろ ∠ ∇エジ ぁ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ヤ͡∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ (Why do not t he Rabbaniyyun and t he Ahbar forbid t hem from ut t ering sinful words and from eat ing illegal t hings. Evil indeed is t hat which t hey have been performing.)'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Yahya bin Ya` mar said, " ` Ali bin Abi Talib once gave a speech, which he st art ed by praising Allah and t hanking Him. He t hen said, ` O people! Those who were before you were dest royed because t hey commit t ed sins and t he Rabbaniyyun and Ahbar did not forbid t hem from evil. When t hey persist ed in sin, t hey were overcome by punishment . Therefore, enj oin right eousness and forbid evil before what t hey suffered also st rikes you. Know t hat enj oining

right eousness and forbidding evil does not reduce t he provision or short en t he t erm of life.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jarir said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ヰ⊥ ∇ニぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» ゅｚャま͡ やヱ⊥ゲあΒピ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ノレ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゴぁ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヶ͡タゅ∠バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ «ゆや∠グバ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ (There is no people among whom t here are t hose who commit sins, while t he rest are more powerful and might ier t han t he sinners, yet t hey do not st op t hem, but Allah will send a punishment upon t hem.) Ahmad was alone wit h t his wording. Abu Dawud recorded it , but in his narrat ion Jarir said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» やヱ⊥ゲあΒピ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ やヱ⊥ゲあΒピ∠ Α⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ∩ヶ͡タゅ∠バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ «やヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠ボバ͡ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ (There is no one who resides among people commit ing evil among t hem, and t hey do not st op him t hough t hey are able t o do so, but Allah will punish t hem all before t hey die.)'' Ibn Maj ah also recorded t his Hadit h.

∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろヤｚビ ⊥ ∀るャ∠ヲ⊥ヤ∇ピョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ Α∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ペ ⊥ ヘ͡ レ⊥Α ラ ͡ ゅ∠わデ ∠ ヲ⊥ジ∇らョ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ギΑ∠ ∇モよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レ͡バャ⊥∠ヱ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べｚョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョあ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ ｚ ギ∠ Α͡ゴΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ り∠ ヱ∠ や∠ギバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βボ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠ホ∇ヱ∠ぺ べ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢∠ べ∠ツ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ や⇔キゅ∠ジプ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ∇ヲバ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ワほ∠ヘ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ゆ ͡ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ヤャあ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ

∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇キｘΙヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲヘｚ ム∠ ャ∠ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ モ ∠ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱ り∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡バレｚ ャや ろ ͡ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ∠ Ι ∂ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ Β∠ャま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヱ∠ り∀ ギ∠ ダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ボョぁ ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ユ͡ヰヤ͡ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ ろ ͡ ∇エゎ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ べ∠シ (64. The Jews say: "Allah's Hand is t ied up.'' Be t heir hands t ied up and be t hey accursed for what t hey ut t ered. Nay, bot h His Hands are widely out st ret ched. He spends as He wills. Verily, t he revelat ion t hat has come t o you from your Lord makes many of t hem increase in rebellion and disbelief. We have put enmit y and hat red among t hem t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion. Every t ime t hey kindled t he fire of war, Allah ext inguished it ; and t hey (ever) st rive t o make mischief on t he eart h. And Allah does not like t he mischief-makers.) (65. And if only t he People of t he Script ure had believed and had Taqwa, We would indeed have expiat ed for t hem t heir sins and admit t ed t hem t o Gardens of pleasure (in Paradise).) (66. And if only t hey had act ed according t o t he Tawrah, t he Inj il, and what has (now) been sent down t o t hem from t heir Lord (t he Qur'an), t hey would surely have got t en provision from above t hem and from underneat h t heir feet . And among t hem is a Muqt asid Ummah, but for most of t hem; evil is t heir work.)

The Jews Say That Allah's Hand is Tied up! Allah st at es t hat t he Jews, may Allah's cont inuous curses descend on t hem unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, describe Him as a miser. Allah is far holier t han what t hey at t ribut e t o Him. The Jews also claim t hat Allah is poor, while t hey are rich. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

び∀る∠ャヲ⊥ヤ∇ピ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ Α∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (The Jews say, "Allah's Hand is t ied up.") "They do not mean t hat Allah's Hand is lit erally t ied up. Rat her, t hey mean t hat He is a miser and does not spend from what He has. Allah is far holier t han what t hey at t ribut e t o Him.'' Similar was report ed from Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Qat adah, As-Suddi and Ad-Dahhak. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ゅ∠ヰ∇トジ ⊥ ∇らゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ボ͡ レ⊥ ハ ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ る⇔ ャ∠ヲ⊥ヤ∇ピョ∠ ポ ∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ジ∇エョｚ ゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ヤ∠ョ ギ∠ バ⊥ ∇ボわ∠ プ∠ テ ͡ ∇ジら∠ ∇ャや ｚモミ⊥ (And let not your hand be t ied (like a miser) t o your neck, nor st ret ch it fort h t o it s ut most reach (like a spendt hrift ), so t hat you become blamewort hy and in severe povert y.) In t his

Ayah, Allah prohibit s st inginess and ext ravagance, which includes unnecessary and improper expendit ures. Allah describes st inginess by saying,

びマ ∠ ボ͡ レ⊥ ハ ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ る⇔ ャ∠ヲ⊥ヤ∇ピョ∠ ポ ∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And let not your hand be t ied (like a miser) t o your neck. ) Therefore, t his is t he meaning t hat t he Jews meant , may Allah's curses be on t hem. ` Ikrimah said t hat t his Ayah was revealed about Finhas, one of t he Jews, may Allah curse him. We ment ioned before t hat Finhas said,

び￢⊥ べ∠Βレ͡ ∇ビぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡ボ∠プ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ("Truly, Allah is poor and we are rich!'') and t hat Abu Bakr smacked him. Allah has refut ed what t he Jews at t ribut e t o Him and cursed t hem in ret aliat ion for t heir lies and fabricat ions about Him. Allah said,

び∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レ͡バャ⊥∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろヤｚビ ⊥ぴ (Be t heir hands t ied up and be t hey accursed for what t hey ut t ered.) What Allah said occurred, for t he Jews are indeed miserly, envious, cowards and t remendously humiliat ed. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ や⇔ク͡みプ∠ マ ͡ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ル ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギジ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ボル∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ や∠￢ べ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ゅ⇔ム∇ヤョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ (Or have t hey a share in t he dominion Then in t hat case t hey would not give mankind even a Naqir. Or do t hey envy men for what Allah has given t hem of His bount y Then, We had already given t he family of Ibrahim t he Book and t he Hikmah, and conferred upon t hem a great kingdom.) and, n

びる⊥ ャｚグあ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろよ∠ ゲ͡ ッ ⊥ ぴ (Indignit y is put over t hem.)

Allah's Hands are Widely Outstretched Allah said next ,

び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ペ ⊥ ヘ͡ レ⊥Α ͡ラゅ∠わ∠デヲ⊥ジ∇ら∠ョ ロ⊥ や∠ギΑ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, bot h His Hands are widely out st ret ched. He spends (of His bount y) as He wills.) Allah's favors are ample, His bount y unlimit ed, as He owns t he t reasures of everyt hing. Any good t hat reaches His servant s is from Him alone, wit hout part ners. He has creat ed everyt hing t hat we need by night or by day, while t raveling or at home and in all sit uat ions and condit ions. Allah said,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱぁギバ⊥ ∠ゎ ラ͡まヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ あモミ⊥ リあョ ユ⊥ミゅ∠ゎへ∠ヱぴ び ∀ケゅヘｚ ミ∠ ∀ュヲ⊥ヤ∠ヌ∠ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ジ∇ルΗや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ダ∇エゎ⊥ Ι ∠ (And He gave you of all t hat you asked for, and if you count t he blessings of Allah, never will you be able t o count t hem. Verily, man is indeed an ext reme wrongdoer, an ext reme ingrat e.) There are many ot her Ayat on t his subj ect . Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal said t hat ` Abdur-Razzaq narrat ed t o him t hat Ma` mar said t hat Hammam bin Munabbih said, "This is what Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t o us t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

￢⊥ ゅｚエシ ∠ ∩∀るボ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ヰツ ⊥ Β͡ピΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩ン∠ほ∇ヤョ∠ ぶ ͡ や リ ∠ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» れや∠ヲヨｚジャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ グ⊥ ∇レョ⊥ ペ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∩ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇Βヤｚャや : メゅホ ヮ͡ レ͡ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヂピ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∠チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ヂ ⊥ ∇らボ∠ ∇ャや ンゲ⊥カほ∠∇ャや ロ͡ ギ͡ Α∠ ヶ͡プヱ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ セ ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ ヱ∠ «ヂ͡ヘ∇ガΑ∠ ヱ∠ ノ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ (Allah's Right Hand is perfect ly full, and no amount of spending can decrease what He has, even t hough He spends by night and by day. Do you see how much Allah has spent since He creat ed t he heavens and eart h Yet surely it has not decreased what He has in His Right Hand. His Throne is over t he wat er and in His Ot her Hand is t he hold by which He raises and lowers.) He also said, :

«マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ペヘ͡ ∇ルぺ⊥ ∩∇ペヘ͡ ∇ルぺ∠»

(Allah said, ` Spend and I will spend on you.')'' This Hadit h was recorded in t he Two Sahihs.

The Revelation to the Muslims only Adds to the Transgression and Disbelief of the Jews Allah said,

マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べｚョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョあ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ ｚ ギ∠ Α͡ゴΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びや⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ (Verily, t he revelat ion t hat has come t o you from your Lord makes many of t hem increase in rebellion and disbelief.) meaning, t he bount y t hat comes t o you, O Muhammad, is a calamit y for your enemies, t he Jews and t heir kind. The more t he revelat ion increases t he believers in fait h, good works, and beneficial knowledge, t he more t he disbelievers increase in envy for you and your Ummah, t he more t hey increase in Tughyan -- which is t o exceed t he ordained limit s for t hings -- and in disbelief -- meaning denial of you. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ∠ヱ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヴ⇔ヨハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇ホ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ や∠クや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ びギ∃ Β͡バよ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョｚ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヱキ∠ ゅ∠レΑ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ (Say: "It is for t hose who believe, a guide and a healing. And as for t hose who disbelieve, t here is heaviness (deafness) in t heir ears, and it is blindness for t hem. They are t hose who are called from a place far away.'') and,

る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケゅ∠ジカ ∠ Ι ｚ ま∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ (And We send down of t he Qur'an t hat which is a healing and a mercy t o t hose who believe, and it increases wrongdoers in not hing but loss. ) Allah said next ,

びる͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢∠ べ∠ツ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ り∠ ヱ∠ や∠ギバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βボ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (We have put enmit y and hat red among t hem t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion.) Therefore, t heir heart s are never unit ed. Rat her, t heir various groups and sect s will always have enmit y and hat red for each ot her, because t hey do not agree on t he t rut h, and because t hey opposed you and denied you. Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ワほ∠ヘ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ゆ ͡ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ヤャあ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠ホ∇ヱ∠ぺ べ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ (Every t ime t hey kindled t he fire of war, Allah ext inguished it ;) means, every t ime t hey t ry t o plot against you and kindled t he fire of war, Allah ext inguishes it and makes t heir plot s t urn against t hem. Therefore, t heir evil plot s will ret urn t o harm t hem.

ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ や⇔キゅ∠ジプ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ∇ヲバ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや (and t hey (ever) st rive t o make mischief on eart h. And Allah does not like t he mischiefmakers.) It is t heir habit t o always st rive t o cause mischief on t he eart h, and Allah does not like t hose wit h such behavior.

Had the People of the Book Adhered to their Book, they Would Have Acquired the Good of this Life and the Hereafter Allah said next ,

び∇や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And if only t he People of t he Script ure had believed and had Taqwa...) Consequent ly, had t he People of t he Book believed in Allah and His Messenger and avoided t he sins and prohibit ions t hat t hey commit t ed;

びユ͡ Β͡バレｚ ャや ろ ͡ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇キΙ ｘ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゅル∠ ∇ゲヘｚ ム∠ ャ∠ぴ (We would indeed have expiat ed for t hem t heir sins and admit t ed t hem t o Gardens of pleasure (in Paradise).) meaning We would have removed t he dangers from t hem and grant ed t hem t heir obj ect ives.

メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱ り∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ Β∠ャま͡ (And if only t hey had act ed according t o t he Tawrah, t he Inj il, and what has (now) been sent down t o t hem from t heir Lord,) meaning, t he Qur'an, as Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers said.

びユ͡ヰヤ͡ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ ろ ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ∠ Ι ∂ぴ (t hey would surely have got t en provision from above t hem and from underneat h t heir feet .) Had t hey adhered t o t he Books t hat t hey have wit h t hem which t hey inherit ed from t he Prophet s, wit hout alt ering or changing t hese Books, t hese would have direct ed t hem t o follow t he t rut h and implement t he revelat ion t hat Allah sent Muhammad wit h. These Books t est ify t o t he Prophet 's t rut h and command t hat he must be followed. Allah's st at ement ,

びユ͡ヰヤ͡ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ ろ ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ∠ Ι ∂ぴ (t hey would surely have got t en provision from above t hem and from underneat h t heir feet .) refers t o t he t remendous provision t hat would have descended t o t hem from t he sky and grown for t hem on t he eart h. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇エわ∠ ヘ∠ ャ∠ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ミゲ∠ よ∠ (And if t he people of t he t owns had believed and had Taqwa, cert ainly, We should have opened for t hem blessings from t he heaven and t he eart h.) Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ べ∠シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヱ∠ り∀ ギ∠ ダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ボョぁ ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ぴ (And among t hem is a Muqt asid Ummah, but for most of t hem; evil is t heir work.) is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∇ヰ∠Α ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ び (And of t he people of Musa t here is a communit y who lead (t he men) wit h t rut h and est ablish j ust ice t herewit h.) 7:159 and His st at ement about t he followers of ` Isa, peace be upon him,

び∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ぴ (So We gave t hose among t hem who believed, t heir (due) reward.) Therefore, Allah gave t hem t he highest grade of Iqt isad, which is t he middle course, given t o t his Ummah. Above t hem t here is t he grade of Sabiqun, as Allah described in His st at ement ;

ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヘ∠ ト ∠ ∇タや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇をケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ ∀ペ͡よゅ∠シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ギ∀ ダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ボョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャあ ∀ユヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ - ゲ⊥ Β͡らム∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ク⊥ み͡よ͡ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ͡ョ ケ∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠シぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヤｚエ ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ラ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒レｚ ィ ∠ び ∀ゲΑ͡ゲ∠ェ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ シ ⊥ ゅ∠らャ͡ヱ∠ や⇔ぽ⊥ャ∇ぽャ⊥ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ワ∠ ク∠ (Then We gave t he Book as inherit ance t o such of Our servant s whom We chose. Then of t hem are some who wrong t hemselves, and of t hem are some who follow a middle course, and of t hem are some who, by Allah's permission, are Sabiq (foremost ) in good deeds. That it self is indeed a great grace. ` Adn (Eden) Paradise (everlast ing Gardens) will t hey ent er, t herein will t hey be adorned wit h bracelet s of gold and pearls, and t heir garment s t here will be of silk.) 35:32-33

ラ͡まヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョ ∇ヒヤあよ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ヨ⊥ ダ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠シケ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ピヤｚよ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや (67. O Messenger! Convey what has been sent down t o you from your Lord. And if you do not , t hen you have not conveyed His Message. Allah will prot ect you from mankind. Verily, Allah guides not t he people who disbelieve.)

Commanding the Prophet to Convey the Message; Promising Him Immunity and Protection Allah addresses His servant and Messenger Muhammad by t he t it le ` Messenger' and commands him t o convey all t hat He has sent him, a command t hat t he Prophet has fulfilled in t he best manner. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "Whoever says t o you t hat Muhammad hid any part of what Allah revealed t o him, t hen he is ut t ering a lie. Allah said,

びマ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョ ∇ヒヤあよ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ (O Messenger! Convey what has been sent down t o you from your Lord.)'' Al-Bukhari collect ed t he short form of t his st ory here, but ment ioned t he full narrat ion in anot her part of his book. Muslim in t he Book of Iman, At -Tirmidhi, and An-Nasa'i in t he Book of Tafsir of t heir Sunans also

collect ed t his Hadit h. In is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat ` A'ishah said, "If Muhammad hid anyt hing from t he Qur'an, he would have hidden t his Ayah,

サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ゼ∇ガ∠ゎ∠ヱ ヮ͡ Α͡ギ∇らョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヘル͡ ヴ͡プ ヴ͡ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ⊥ ⇒∠ゼ∇ガゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ペ ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (But you did hide in yourself t hat which Allah will make manifest , you did fear t he people while Allah had a bet t er right t hat you should fear Him.)'' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Az-Zuhri said, "From Allah comes t he Message, for t he Messenger is it s deliverance and for us is submission t o it .'' The Ummah of Muhammad has t est ified t hat he has delivered t he Message and fulfilled t he t rust , when he asked t hem during t he biggest gat hering in his speech during t he Farewell Haj j . At t hat t ime, t here were over fort y t housand of his Companions. Muslim recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said in his speech on t hat day,

∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∩ヶあレハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱ⊥ぽ∇ジョ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠» «∨∠ラヲ⊥ヤも͡ ゅ∠ホ (O people! You shall be asked about me, so what are you going t o reply) They said, "We bear wit ness t hat you have conveyed (t he Message), f ulfilled (t he t rust ) and offered sincere advice.'' The Prophet kept raising his finger t owards t he sky and t hen point ing at t hem, saying,

«∨⊥ろ∇ピヤｚよ∠ ∇モワ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∨⊥ろ∇ピヤｚよ∠ ∇モワ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» (O Allah! Did I convey O Allah! Did I convey) Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ⊥ わ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠シケ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ピヤｚよ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if you do not , t hen you have not conveyed His Message.) meaning: If you do not convey t o t he people what I sent t o you, t hen you have not conveyed My Message. Meaning, t he Prophet knows t he consequences of t his failure. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah,

びヮ⊥ わ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠シケ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ピヤｚよ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if you do not , t hen you have not conveyed His Message.) "It means, if you hide only one Ayah t hat was revealed t o you from your Lord, t hen you have not conveyed His Message.'' Allah's st at ement ,

びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ヨ⊥ ダ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (Allah will prot ect you from mankind.) means, you convey My Message and I will prot ect , aid and support you over your enemies and will grant you vict ory over t hem. Therefore, do not have any fear or sadness, for none of t hem will be able t o t ouch you wit h harm. Before t his Ayah was revealed, t he Prophet was being guarded, as Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` A'ishah said t hat t he Prophet was vigilant one night when she was next t o him; she asked him, "What is t he mat t er, O Allah's Messenger'' He said,

ヶ͡レシ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヶ͡よゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ⇔エ͡ャゅ∠タ ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βャ∠» «る∠ヤ∇Βヤｚャや (Would t hat a pious man from my companions guard me t onight !) She said, "Suddenly we heard t he clat t er of arms. The Prophet said,

«∨や∠グワ∠ ∇リョ∠ » (Who is t hat ''.) He (t he new comer) replied, "I am Sa` d bin Malik (Sa` d bin Abi Waqqas).'' The Prophet asked,

«∨∠マよ͡ ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ» (What brought you here) He said, "I have come t o guard you, Allah's O Messenger.'' ` A'ishah said, "So, t he Prophet slept (t hat night ) and I heard t he noise of sleep coming from him.)'' This Hadit h is recorded in Two Sahihs. Anot her narrat ion for t his Hadit h reads, "The Messenger of Allah was vigilant one night , aft er he came t o Al-Madinah...'', meaning, aft er t he Hij rah and aft er t he Prophet consummat ed his marriage t o ` A'ishah in t he second year of Hij rah. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "The Prophet was being guarded unt il t his Ayah,

びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ヨ⊥ ダ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (Allah will prot ect you from mankind) was revealed.'' She added; "The Prophet raised his head from t he room and said;

ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヶ͡レヨ∠ ダ ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ やヲ⊥プゲ͡ ダ ∠ ∇ルや サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ゅ∠Α» «モ∠ィヱ∠

(O people! Go away, for Allah will prot ect me.)''' At -Tirmidhi recorded it and said,"This Hadit h is Gharib.'' It was also recorded by Ibn Jarir, and Al-Hakim in his Must adrak, where he said, "It s chain is Sahih, but t hey did not record it .'' Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah guides not t hose who disbelieve.) means, O Muhammad, you convey, and Allah guides whom He wills, and misguides whom He wills. In ot her Ayat , Allah said,

び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ギワ⊥ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ (Not upon you is t heir guidance, but Allah guides whom He wills,) and,

びゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プぴ (Your dut y is only t o convey and on Us is t he reckoning.)

∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボゎ⊥ ヴわｚ ェ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ジャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠⇒∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱ り∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ∇ルぺ⊥ べｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ ｚ ギ∠ Α͡ゴΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ∠ ∇ほゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ⇔やゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ∠ヱ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ ∠ラヲ⊥ゃ͡ら⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ ∇やヱ⊥キゅワ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚ ャや∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Κ ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ (68. Say: "O People of t he Script ure! You have not hing t ill you act according t o t he Tawrah, t he Inj il, and what has (now) been sent down t o you from your Lord (t he Qur'an).'' Verily, t he revelat ion t hat has come t o you from your Lord makes many of t hem increase in rebellion and disbelief. So do not grieve for t he people who disbelieve.) (69. Surely, t hose who believe, and t hose who are t he Jews and t he Sabians and t he Christ ians, whosoever believed in Allah and t he Last Day, and worked right eousness, on t hem shall be no fear, nor shall t hey grieve.)

There is no Salvation Except through Faith in the Qur'an

Allah says: O Muhammad, say,

び￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ジャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠⇒∠Αぴ (O People of t he Script ure! You have not hing...) meaning no real religion unt il you adhere t o and implement t he Tawrah and t he Inj il. That is, unt il you believe in all t he Books t hat you have t hat Allah revealed t o t he Prophet s. These Books command following Muhammad and believing in his prophecy, all t he while adhering t o his Law. Before, we explained Allah's st at ement ,

マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べｚョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョあ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ ｚ ギ∠ Α͡ゴΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びや⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ (Verily, t he revelat ion t hat has come t o you from your Lord makes many of t hem increase in rebellion and disbelief.)

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ∠ ∇ほゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So do not grieve for t he people who disbelieve), Do not be sad or t aken aback by t heir disbelief. Allah said next ,

び∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, t hose who believe) referring t o Muslims,

び∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (t hose who are t he Jews) who were ent rust ed wit h t he Tawrah,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゃら͡ ⇒ｚダャや∠ヱぴ (and t he Sabians. ..) a sect from t he Christ ians and Magians who did not follow any part icular religion, as Muj ahid st at ed. As for t he Christ ians, t hey are known and were ent rust ed wit h t he Inj il. The meaning here is t hat if each of t hese groups believed in Allah and t he Hereaft er, which is t he Day of Judgement and Reckoning, and performed good act ions, which t o be so, must conform t o Muhammad's Law, aft er Muhammad was sent t o all mankind and t he Jinns. If any of t hese groups held t hese beliefs, t hen t hey shall have no fear of what will come or sadness regarding what t hey lost , nor will grief ever affect t hem. We discussed a similar Ayah before in Surat Al-Baqarah 2:62 .

∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ∠ベゅ∠んΒ͡ョ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ン∠ヲ∇ヰゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ Κ ⇔シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ͡ェ ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨハ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ ｚユを⊥ ∇やヲぁヨタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨバ∠ プ∠ る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ∇やヲぁヨタ ∠ ヱ∠ (70. Verily, We t ook t he covenant of t he Children of Israel and sent Messengers t o t hem. Whenever t here came t o t hem a Messenger wit h what t hey t hemselves desired not , a group of t hem t hey called liars, and ot hers among t hem t hey killed.) (71. They t hought t here will be no Fit nah (t rial or punishment ), so t hey became blind and deaf; aft er t hat Allah t urned t o t hem (wit h forgiveness); yet again many of t hem became blind and deaf. And Allah is t he All-Seer of what t hey do.) Allah reminds t hat He t ook t he covenant and pledges from t he Children of Israel t o hear and obey Him and His Messenger. They broke t hese pledges and covenant s and followed t heir lust s and desires inst ead of t he law, and whichever part of t he law t hey agreed wit h, t hey t ook it . Ot herwise, t hey abandoned it , if it did not conform t o t heir desires. This is why Allah said,

ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ン∠ヲ∇ヰゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ヨバ∠ プ∠ る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ͡ェ ∠ ヲ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ び∇やヲぁヨタ ∠ ヱ∠ (Whenever t here came t o t hem a Messenger wit h what t hey t hemselves desired not - a group of t hem t hey called liars, and ot hers among t hem t hey killed. They t hought t here will be no Fit nah (t rial or punishment ) so t hey became blind and deaf.) t hinking t hat t hey would suffer no repercussions for of t he evil t hat t hey commit t ed. Consequent ly, t hey were blinded from t he t rut h and became deaf, incapable of hearing t he t rut h. For t hese reasons t hey were unable t o be guided by it . Allah forgave t hat , t hen,

びｚユを⊥ ∇やヲぁヨタ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (yet t hey became blind and deaf) again,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ぴ

(many of t hem, and Allah is t he All-Seer of what t hey do.) He has perfect knowledge of what t hey do and whomever among t hem deserves t he guidance and whomever deserves misguidance.

リ ⊥ ∇よや ウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠Α ウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴぁよケ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ロ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ Β∠ヤハ ∠ る∃ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ゑ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠を ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚ - ケ∃ ゅ∠ダル∠ぺ ゅｚヨ∠ハ ∇やヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レ∠Α ∇ユャｚ ラ͡まヱ∠ ギ∀ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚジ ｚ ヨ∠ Β∠ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よヲ⊥わΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ Ι ｚ ま͡ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅｚョ - ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ュ∠ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや ラ ͡Κ ∠ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ルゅ∠ミ ∀る∠ボΑあギ͡タ ヮ⊥ ぁョぺ⊥ヱ∠ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ぁゲャや ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヴｚルぺ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルや ｚユを⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ あΒら∠ ル⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムプ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ (72. Surely, t hey have disbelieved who say: "Allah is t he Messiah ` Isa , son of Maryam.'' But t he Messiah said: "O Children of Israel! worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord.'' Verily, whosoever set s up part ners (in worship) wit h Allah, t hen Allah has forbidden Paradise for him, and t he Fire will be his abode. And for t he wrongdoers t here are no helpers.) (73. Surely, t hey have disbelieved who say: "Allah is t he t hird of t hree.'' And t here is no god but One God (Allah). And if t hey cease not from what t hey say, verily, a painful t orment will befall on t he disbelievers among t hem.) (74. Will t hey not repent t o Allah and ask His forgiveness For Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (75. The Messiah ` Isa , son of Maryam, was no more t han a Messenger; many were t he Messengers t hat passed away before him. His mot her Maryam was a Siddiqah. They bot h used t o eat food. Look how We make t he Ayat clear t o t hem; yet look how t hey are deluded away (from t he t rut h).)

The Disbelief of the Christians; ` Isa Only called to Tawhid

Allah st at es t hat t he Christ ians such sect s as Monarchit e, Jacobit e and Nest orit e are disbelievers, t hose among t hem who say t hat ` Isa is Allah. Allah is far holier t han what t hey at t ribut e t o Him. They made t his claim in spit e of t he fact t hat ` Isa made it known t hat he was t he servant of Allah and His Messenger. The first words t hat ` Isa ut t ered when he was st ill a baby in t he cradle were, "I am ` Abdullah (t he servant of Allah).'' He did not say, "I am Allah,'' or, "I am t he son of Allah.'' Rat her, he said,

びゅ⇔Β∂ ら͡ ル∠ ヴ͡レヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ゎや∠￢ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ∇らハ ∠ ヴあルま͡ぴ (Verily, I am a servant of Allah, He has given me t he Script ure and made me a Prophet .) unt il he said,

ヅ ∀ ゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ("And verily Allah is my Lord and your Lord. So worship Him (Alone). That is t he st raight pat h.'') He also proclaimed t o t hem when he was a man, aft er he was sent as a Prophet , commanding t hem t o worship his Lord and t heir Lord, alone wit hout part ners,

ヴぁよケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠Α ウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ヱ∠ (But t he Messiah said, "O Children of Israel! worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord.'' Verily, whosoever set s up part ners wit h Allah...) in worship;

びケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ロ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ Β∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (. ..t hen Allah has forbidden Paradise for him, and t he Fire will be his abode.) as He will send him t o t he Fire and forbid Paradise for him. Allah also said;

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ゅ∠ョ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ (Verily, Allah forgives not t hat part ners should be set up wit h Him (in worship), but He forgives except t hat (anyt hing else) t o whom He wills.) and,

∇ラぺ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ン∠キゅ∠ルヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ツΒ͡プぺ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ョ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ (And t he dwellers of t he Fire will call t o t he dwellers of Paradise; "Pour on us some wat er or anyt hing t hat Allah has provide you wit h.'' They will say: "Allah has forbidden bot h t o t he disbelievers.'') It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Prophet had someone proclaim t o t he people,

«る∠ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» (Only a Muslim soul shall ent er Paradise.) In anot her narrat ion,

«る∠レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ » (Only a believing soul...) This is why Allah said t hat ` Isa said t o t he Children of Israel,

る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ Β∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ びケ∃ ゅ∠ダル∠ぺ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ロ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ (Verily, whosoever set s up part ners wit h Allah, t hen Allah has forbidden Paradise for him, and t he Fire will be his abode. And t here are no helpers for t he wrongdoers.) There is no help from Allah, nor anyone who will support or prot ect t hem from t he st at e t hey will be in. Allah's st at ement ,

びる∃ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ゑ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠を ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ (Surely, t hey have disbelieved who say: "Allah is t he t hird of t hree.") Muj ahid and several ot hers said t hat t his Ayah was revealed about t he Christ ians in part icular. As-Suddi and ot hers said t hat t his Ayah was revealed about t aking ` Isa and his mot her as gods besides Allah, t hus making Allah t he t hird in a t rinit y. As-Suddi said, "This is similar t o Allah's st at ement t owards t he end of t he Surah,

サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ろ ∠ ヤ⊥ホ ろ ∠ ル∠￢ぺ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡バΑ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ リ ͡ ∇Βヰ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ ヴ ∠ ョあ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥グ͡ガゎｚ や びマ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ (And (remember) when Allah will say: "O ` Isa, son of Maryam! Did you say unt o men: ` Worship me and my mot her as t wo gods besides Allah' He will say, "Glory be t o You!") 5:116 . Allah replied,

びギ∀ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ∀ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∃ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (But t here is no god but One God.) meaning t here are not many wort hy of worship but t here is only One God wit hout part ners, and He is t he Lord of all creat ion and all t hat exist s. Allah said next , while t hreat ening and admonishing t hem,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅｚヨ∠ハ ∇やヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レ∠Α ∇ユャｚ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if t hey cease not from what t hey say, ) t heir lies and false claims,

び∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚジ ｚ ヨ∠ Β∠ ャ∠ぴ (verily, a painful t orment will befall t he disbelievers among t hem.) in t he Hereaft er, shackled and t orment ed. Allah said next ,

∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よヲ⊥わΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ (Will t hey not repent t o Allah and ask His Forgiveness For Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) This demonst rat es Allah's generosit y, kindness and mercy for His creat ures, even t hough t hey commit t ed t his grave sin and invent ed such a lie and false allegat ion. Despit e all of t his, Allah calls t hem t o repent so t hat He will forgive t hem, for Allah forgives t hose who sincerely repent t o Him.

` Isa is Allah's Servant and His Mother is a Truthful Believer Allah said,

リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ Ι ｚ ま͡ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅｚョぴ びモ ⊥シ ⊥ ぁゲャや ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ (The Messiah, son of Maryam, was no more t han a Messenger; many were t he Messengers t hat passed away before him.) ` Isa is j ust like t he previous Prophet s, and he is one of t he servant s of Allah and one of His honorable Messengers. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ヴ͡レら∠ ャあ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∀ギ∇ら∠ハ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ぴ びモ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ (He ` Isa was not more t han a servant . We grant ed Our favor t o him, and We made him an example for t he Children of Israel.) Allah said next ,

び∀る∠ボΑあギ͡タ ヮ⊥ ぁョぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (His mot her was a Siddiqah) for she believed in Allah wit h complet e t rust in Him. This is t he highest rank she was given, which proves t hat she was not a Prophet . Allah said next ,

びュ∠ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや ラ ͡Κ ∠ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ルゅ∠ミぴ (They bot h used t o eat food) needing nourishment and t o relieve t he call of nat ure. Therefore, t hey are j ust servant s like ot her servant s, not gods as ignorant Christ ian sect s claim, may Allah's cont inued curses cover t hem unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. Allah said next ,

びろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ あΒら∠ ル⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルやぴ (Look how We make t he Ayat clear t o t hem. ) making t hem unequivocal and plain,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムプ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヴｚルぺ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルや ｚユを⊥ ぴ (yet look how t hey are deluded away (from t he t rut h).) look at t he opinions, misguided ideas, and claims t hey cling t o, even aft er Our clarificat ion and plain, unequivocal explanat ion.

や⇔ゲ∂ ッ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠⇒∠Α ∇モホ⊥ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ゅ⇔バ∇ヘル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ Α͡キ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇ピゎ∠ Ι ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ びモ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや ￢͡ へ∠ヲシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ ヱ∠ (76. Say: "How do you worship besides Allah somet hing which has no power eit her t o harm or t o benefit you But it is Allah Who is t he All-Hearer, All-Knower.'') (77. Say: "O People of t he Script ure! Exceed not t he limit s in your religion beyond t he t rut h, and do not follow t he vain desires of people who went ast ray before and who misled many, and st rayed (t hemselves) from t he right pat h.'')

The Prohibition of Shirk (Polytheism) and Exaggeration in the Religion Allah admonishes t hose who t ake up rivals wit h Him and worship t he idols, monument s and false deit ies. Allah st at es t hat such false deit ies do not deserve any degree of Divinit y. Allah said,

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say) O Muhammad, t o t hose from among t he Children of Adam, such as t he Christ ians, who worship ot her t han Allah,

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ッ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びゅ⇔バ∇ヘル∠ (How do you worship besides Allah somet hing which has no power eit her t o harm or t o benefit you) meaning, which cannot prevent harm for you nor bring about your benefit ,

びユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (But it is Allah Who is t he All-Hearer, All-Knower.) He hears what His servant s say and has knowledge of all t hings. Therefore, how did you worship inanimat e obj ect s t hat do not hear,

see or know anyt hing - having no power t o bring harm or benefit t o t hemselves let alone ot hers - inst ead of worshipping Allah Allah t hen said,

びペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ Α͡キ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇ピゎ∠ Ι ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠⇒∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "O People of t he Scipt ure! Exceed not t he limit s in your religion beyond t he t rut h,) Meaning: Do not exceed t he limit s concerning t he t rut h and exaggerat ion in praising whom you were commanded t o honor. You exaggerat ed in his case and elevat ed him from t he rank of Prophet t o t he rank of a god. You did t his wit h ` Isa, who was a Prophet , yet you claimed t hat he is god besides Allah. This error occurred because you followed your t eachers, t he advocat es of misguidance who came before your t ime and who,

びモ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや ￢͡ へ∠ヲシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (...and who misled many, and st rayed (t hemselves) from t he right pat h,) deviat ed from t he st raight pat h, t o t he pat h of misguidance and deviat ion.

ラ ͡ ゅ∠ジャ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ バ͡ ャ⊥ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱｚ や∇ヲ∠ダ∠ハ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ͡ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハヱ∠ ∠キヱ⊥ヱや∠キ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゲ∃ ム∠ レぁョ リ∠ハ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ⇒∠レわ∠ Α∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ン∠ゲゎ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ∇ユワ⊥ ͡ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや ヴ͡プヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや テ ∠ガ ͡シ ∠ ラ∠ぺ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ∇ルぺ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ あ ら͡ レｚ ャやヱ ヮ͡ ヤ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ や (78. Those among t he Children of Israel who disbelieved were cursed by t he t ongue of Dawud and ` Isa, son of Maryam. That was because t hey disobeyed (Allah and t he Messengers) and were ever t ransgressing (beyond t he bounds).) (79. They used not t o forbid one anot her from t he evil t hey commit t ed. Vile indeed was what t hey used t o do.) (80. You see many of t hem t aking t he disbelievers as t heir friends. Evil indeed is t hat which t hey have sent forward before t hemselves; for t hat (reason) Allah is wrat h wit h t hem, and in t orment t hey will abide.) (81. And had t hey believed in Allah, and in t he Prophet and in what has been revealed t o him, never would t hey have t aken t hem as friends; but many of t hem are rebellious.)

Allah Cursed the Disbelievers Among the Children of Israel Allah st at es t hat He has cursed t he disbelievers among t he Children of Israel long ago, and revealed t his fact t o His Prophet s Dawud and ` Isa, son of Maryam. He cursed t hem because t hey disobeyed Allah and t ransgressed against His creat ures. Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "They were cursed in t he Tawrah, t he Inj il, t he Zabur (Psalms) and t he Furqan (Qur'an).'' Allah t hen st at es t hat during t heir t ime, t heir habit was t hat ,

びロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゲ∃ ム∠ レぁョ リ∠ハ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ⇒∠レわ∠ Α∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミぴ (They used not t o forbid one anot her from t he evil t hey commit t ed.) They did not forbid each ot her from commit t ing sins and t he prohibit ions. Allah chast ised t hem for t his behavior, so t hat t heir behavior would not be imit at ed. Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ぴ (Vile indeed was what t hey used t o do.)

Hadiths that Order Enjoining Righteousness and Forbidding Evil There are many Hadit hs t hat order enj oining right eousness and forbidding evil. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Hudhayfah bin Al-Yaman said t hat t he Prophet said,

∩͡フヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ｚラゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほわ∠ ャ∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚやヱ∠ » ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ やリ ｚ ム∠ セ ͡ ヲ⊥Βャ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩͡ゲム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ヲ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇レわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ょ ∠ Β͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚレハ ⊥ ∇ギわ∠ ャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡ロギ͡ ∇レハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ⇔よゅ∠ボハ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ «ユ⊥ムャ∠ (By He in Whose Hand is my soul! You will enj oin right eousness and forbid evil, or Allah will send a punishment on you from Him. Then, you will supplicat e t o Him, but He will not accept your supplicat ion.) At -Tirmidhi also recorded it and said, "This Hadit h is Hasan.'' Muslim recorded t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ユャ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ロ⊥ ∇ゲあΒピ∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ や⇔ゲム∠ ∇レョ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ン∠ぺケ∠ ∇リョ∠ » マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ヱ ∩͡ヮら͡ ∇ヤボ∠ ら͡ プ∠ ∇ノト ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ヮル͡ ゅ∠ジヤ͡ら͡ プ∠ ∇ノト ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ «ラゅ∠ヨΑ͡み∇ャや ブ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ッぺ∠ (He among you who wit nesses an evil, let him change it wit h his hand, if he cannot do t hat , t hen by his t ongue, if he cannot do even t hat , t hen wit h his heart , and t his is t he weakest fait h.) Abu Dawud said t hat Al-` Urs, meaning Ibn ` Amirah, said t hat t he Prophet said,

ゅ∠ワ∠ギ͡ヰ∠セ ∇リョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヶ͡プ る⊥ ゃ∠ Β͡トガ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ⊥ や∠クま͡» ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ビ ∇リヨ∠ ミ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ム∠ ∇ルほ∠プ∠ り⇔ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰワ∠ ゲ͡ ム∠ プ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ミ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヰΒ∠ ッ ͡ ゲ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ビ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ «ゅ∠ワ∠ギ͡ヰ∠セ (When sin is commit t ed on t he eart h, t hen whoever wit nesses it and hat es - (once he said): forbids it , will be like t hose who did not wit ness it . Whoever was absent from it , but agreed wit h it , will be like t hose who wit ness it .) Only Abu Dawud recorded t his Hadit h. Abu Dawud recorded t hat one of t he Companions said t hat t he Prophet said,

∇リョ͡ やヱ⊥ケグ͡ ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ やヱ⊥ケグ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰΑ∠ ∇リャ∠» «ユ͡ヰジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ (The people will not perish unt il t hey do not leave -or- have any excuse for t hemselves.) Ibn Maj ah recorded t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri said t hat t he Messenger of Allah gave a speech once and said,

ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや る⊥ ら∠ ∇Βワ∠ ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ リ ｚ バ∠ レ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» «ヮ∠ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ や∠クま͡ (Behold! Fear from people should not prevent one from saying t he t rut h if he knows it .) Abu Sa` id t hen cried and said, "By Allah! We have seen some errors, but we feared (t he people).'' Anot her Hadit h t hat Abu Sa` id narrat ed st at es t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ゲ͡もゅ∠ィ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ペ ∠ェ ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠ヰイ ͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ツ ∠ ∇プぺ∠» (The best Jihad is a word of t rut h proclaimed before an unj ust ruler.) Recorded by Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi, and Ibn Maj ah. At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib from t his rout e of narrat ion.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Hudhayfah said t hat t he Prophet said,

«ヮ∠ジ∇ヘル∠ ｚメグ͡ Α⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ユ∃ ヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ャ͡ ヶ͡ピら∠ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» (It is not required of t he Muslim t hat he humiliat e himself.) They said, ` How does one humiliat e himself'' he said;

«ペΒ͡トΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ チ ⊥ ゲｚ バ∠ わ∠ Α∠ » (He t akes on t rials t hat he is not capable of enduring. ) This was recorded by At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah, and At -Tirmidhi said, "This Hadit h is Hasan Sahih Gharib.''

Censuring the Hypocrites Allah said,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ぴ (You see many of t hem t aking t he disbelievers as t heir friends.) Muj ahid said t hat t his Ayah refers t o t he hypocrit es. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ぴ (Evil indeed is t hat which t hey have sent forward before t hemselves;) by giving t heir loyalt y and support t o t he disbelievers, inst ead of t he believers. This evil act caused t hem t o have hypocrisy in t heir heart s and brought t hem t he anger of Allah, t hat will remain wit h t hem unt il t he Day of Ret urn. Allah said;

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや テ ∠ガ ͡シ ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ (for t hat (reason) Allah is wrat h wit h t hem) because of what t hey did. Allah next said t hat ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ∇ユワ⊥ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ

(in t orment t hey will abide) on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Allah's st at ement ,

ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ∇ルぺ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ あ ら͡ レｚャやヱ ヮ͡ ヤ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ や ゅ∠ョ (And had t hey believed in Allah, and in t he Prophet and in what has been revealed t o him, never would t hey have t aken t hem as friends.) meaning, had t hey sincerely believed in Allah, His Messenger and t he Qur'an, t hey would not have commit t ed t he evil act of support ing t he disbelievers in secret and being enemies wit h t hose who believe in Allah, t he Prophet and what was revealed t o him,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but many of t hem are rebellious). disobedient t o Allah and His Messenger and defiant of t he Ayat of His revelat ion t hat He sent down.

キ∠ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ り⇔ ヱ∠ や∠ギハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ギ∠ イ ͡ わ∠ ャ∠ぴ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ り⇔ キｚ ヲ∠ ョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ラ ｚ ギ∠ イ ͡ わ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ン∠ケゅ∠ダル∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ら∇ワケ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ジΒあジホ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ン∠ゲゎ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ シ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ノ͡ ∇ョギｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヂ ⊥ Β͡ヘゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒ｚゼャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らわ⊥ ∇ミゅ∠プ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ラ∠ぺ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇トル∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠をほ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠レヤ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヨよ͡

∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ び ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ べ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ (82. Verily, you will find t he st rongest among men in enmit y t o t he believers t he Jews and t hose who commit Shirk, and you will find t he nearest in love t o t he believers t hose who say: "We are Christ ians.'' That is because among t hem are priest s and monks, and t hey are not proud.) (83. And when t hey list en t o what has been sent down t o t he Messenger, you see t heir eyes overflowing wit h t ears because of t he t rut h t hey have recognized. They say: "Our Lord! We believe; so writ e us down among t he wit nesses.'') (84. "And why should we not believe in Allah and in t hat which has come t o us of t he t rut h And we wish t hat our Lord will admit us along wit h t he right eous people.'') (85. So because of what t hey said, Allah awarded t hem wit h Gardens under which rivers flow, t hey will abide t herein forever. Such is t he reward of gooddoers.) (86. But t hose who disbelieved and belied Our Ayat , t hey shall be t he dwellers of Hell.)

The Reason Behind Revealing these Ayat Sa` id bin Jubayr, As-Suddi and ot hers said t hat t hese Ayat were revealed concerning a delegat ion t hat An-Naj ashi (King of Et hiopia) sent t o t he Prophet in order t o hear his words and observe his qualit ies. When t he delegat ion met wit h t he Prophet and he recit ed t he Qur'an t o t hem, t hey embraced Islam, cried and were humbled. Then t hey ret urned t o An-Naj ashi and t old him what happened. ` At a' bin Abi Rabah comment ed, "They were Et hiopians who embraced Islam when t he Muslims who migrat ed t o Et hiopia resided among t hem.'' Qat adah said, "They were some followers of t he religion of ` Isa, son of Maryam, who when t hey saw Muslims and heard t he Qur'an, t hey became Muslims wit hout hesit at ion.'' Ibn Jarir said t hat t hese Ayat were revealed concerning some people who fit t his descript ion, whet her t hey were from Et hiopia or ot herwise. Allah said,

キ∠ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ り⇔ ヱ∠ や∠ギハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ギ∠ イ ͡ わ∠ ャ∠ぴ び∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ (Verily, you will find t he st rongest among men in enmit y t o t he believers t he Jews and t hose who commit Shirk,) This describes t he Jews, since t heir disbelief is t hat of rebellion, defiance, opposing t he t rut h, belit t ling ot her, people and degrading t he scholars. This is why t he Jews may Allah's cont inued curses descend on t hem unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion - killed many of t heir Prophet s and t ried t o kill t he Messenger of Allah several t imes, as well as, performing magic spells against him and poisoning him. They also incit ed t heir likes among t he polyt heist s against t he Prophet . Allah's st at ement ,

∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ り⇔ キｚ ヲ∠ ョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ラ ｚ ギ∠ イ ͡ わ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びン∠ケゅ∠ダル∠ ゅｚル͡ま

(and you will find t he nearest in love t o t he believers t hose who say: "We are Christ ians.'') refers t o t hose who call t hemselves Christ ians, who follow t he religion of t he Messiah and t he t eachings of his Inj il. These people are generally more t olerant of Islam and it s people, because of t he mercy and kindness t hat t heir heart s acquired t hrough part of t he Messiah's religion. In anot her Ayah, Allah said;

る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ プ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びる⇔ Βｚ ル͡ ゅ∠ら∇ワケ∠ ヱ∠ (And We ordained in t he heart s of t hose who followed him, compassion, mercy, and monast icism...) 57:27 . In t heir book is t he saying; "He who st rikes you on t he right cheek, t hen t urn t he left cheek for him.'' And fight ing was prohibit ed in t heir creed, and t his is why Allah said,

Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ら∇ワケ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ジΒあジホ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (That is because among t hem are Qissisin (priest s) and Ruhban (monks), and t hey are not proud.) This means t hat among t hem are Qissisin (priest s). The word Ruhban refers t o one dedicat ed t o worship. Allah said,

Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ら∇ワケ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ジΒあジホ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (That is because among t hem are priest s and monks, and t hey are not proud.) This describes t hem wit h knowledge, worship and humbleness, along wit h following t he t rut h and fairness.

∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ン∠ゲゎ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ シ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ノ͡ ∇ョギｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヂ ⊥ Β͡ヘゎ∠ (And when t hey list en t o what has been sent down t o t he Messenger, you see t heir eyes overflowing wit h t ears because of t he t rut h t hey have recognized.) This refers t o t he good news t hat t hey have about t he advent of Muhammad ,

びリ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒ｚゼャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らわ⊥ ∇ミゅ∠プ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ

(They say: "Our Lord! We believe; so writ e us down among t he wit nesses.'') who t est ify t o t he t rut h and believe in it .

ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ∠リΒ͡エ͡ヤ⇒ｚダャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠レヤ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇トル∠ ヱ∠ ("And why should we not believe in Allah and in t hat which has come t o us of t he t rut h And We wish t hat our Lord will admit us (in Paradise) along wit h t he right eous people.'') Such sect of Christ ians are t hose ment ioned in Allah's st at ement ,

メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ヨャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャ リ ∠ Β͡バゼ ͡ ⇒∠カ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ (And t here are, cert ainly, among t he People of t he Script ure, t hose who believe in Allah and in t hat which has been revealed t o you, and in t hat which has been revealed t o t hem, humbling t hemselves before Allah.) 3:199 and,

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ワ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ べ∠レよあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や￢∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚルま (Those t o whom We gave t he Script ure before it , t hey believe in it (t he Qur'an). And when it is recit ed t o t hem, t hey say, "We believe in it . Verily, it is t he t rut h from our Lord. Indeed even before it we were Muslims'') 28:52-53 , unt il,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや ヴ͡ピわ∠ ∇らル∠ Ι ∠ぴ ("We seek not t he ignorant .'') 28:55 This is why Allah said here,

び∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠をほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So because of what t hey said, Allah awarded t hem...) rewarding t hem for embracing t he fait h and recognizing and believing in t he t rut h,

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィぴ (Gardens under which rivers flow (in Paradise), t hey will abide t herein forever.) and t hey will never be removed from it , for t hey will dwell and remain in it forever and ever,

びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Such is t he reward of good-doers) who follow t he t rut h and obey it wherever, whenever and wit h whomever t hey find it . Allah t hen describes t he condit ion of t he miserable.

びべ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (But t hose who disbelieved and belied Our Ayat ,) defied and opposed t hem,

びユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (t hey shall be t he dwellers of t he (Hell) Fire.) For t hey are t he people of t he Fire who will ent er and reside in it (et ernally).

モ ｚェ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ろ ͡ ⇒∠らΒあ デ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョゲあ エ ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ -リ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇バヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ゅ⇔らあΒデ ∠ Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ヤェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥わル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや (87. O you who believe! Make not unlawful t he good t hings which Allah has made lawful t o you, and t ransgress not . Verily, Allah does not like t he t ransgressors.) (88. And eat of t he t hings which Allah has provided for you, lawful and good, and have Taqwa of Allah in Whom you believe.)

There is No Monasticism in Islam ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "This Ayah 5:87 was revealed about some of t he Companions of t he Prophet who said, ` We should cut off our male organs, abandon t he desires of t his life and t ravel in t he land, j ust as t he Ruhban (monks) do.' When t he Prophet heard of

t his st at ement , he summoned t hem and asked t hem if t hey made t his st at ement and t hey answered ` Yes.' The Prophet said,

ウ ⊥ ム͡ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ュゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ヶあヤタ ∠ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩⊥ゲト ͡ ∇プぺ⊥ヱ∠ ュ⊥ ヲ⊥タぺ∠ ヶあレム͡ ャ» ∇グカ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヶあレョ͡ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヶ͡わレｚ ジ ⊥ よ͡ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩∠￢ゅ∠ジレあ ャや «ヶあレョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ ヶ͡わレｚ ジ ⊥ ͡よ (I fast and break my fast , pray and sleep, and marry women. Whoever follows my Sunnah is of me, and whoever abandons my Sunnah is not of me.)'' Ibn Abi Hat im also collect ed t his Hadit h. Ibn Marduwyah recorded t hat Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas narrat ed a similar Hadit h. It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat ` A'ishah said t hat some of t he Companions asked t he wives of t he Prophet about t he act s of worship t hat he performed in privat e. One of t hem said, "I will not eat meat ,'' anot her said, "I will not marry women,'' while t he t hird said, "I will not sleep on t he bed.'' When t he Prophet heard t his st at ement , he said,

ヶあレム͡ ャ ∩や∠グミ∠ ヱ∠ や∠グミ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∃ や∠ヲ∇ホぺ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠よ ゅ∠ョ» ∩∠ユ∇エヤｚャや モ ⊥ ミ⊥ へ∠ヱ ∩⊥ュヲ⊥ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ゲト ͡ ∇プぺ⊥ヱ∠ ュ⊥ ヲ⊥タぺ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ ヶ͡わレｚ シ ⊥ ∇リハ ∠ ょ ∠ ビ ͡ ケ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩∠￢ゅ∠ジレあャや ァ ⊥ ヱｚ ゴ∠ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ «ヶあレョ͡ (What is t he mat t er wit h some people who said such and such I fast and break t he fast , sleep and wake t o st and t o pray, eat meat , and marry women. He who is not pleased wit h my Sunnah is not of me.) Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t ransgress not .) means, do not exaggerat e and make it hard for yourselves by prohibit ing t he permissible t hings. Do not t ransgress t he limit s by excessively indulging in t he permissible mat t ers; only use of it what sat isfies your need; and do not fall int o ext ravagance. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

び∇やヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇ジゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ヱぴ (And eat and drink but wast e not by ext ravagance.) 7:31 , and,

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ へ∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び ゅ⇔ョや∠ヲホ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ (And t hose, who, when t hey spend, are neit her ext ravagant nor miserly, but hold a medium (way) bet ween t hose (ext remes).) 25:67 So Allah legislat ed a medium way bet ween t hose who are ext reme and t hose who fall int o short comings, and it does not allow excessive applicat ion, nor lack of applicat ion. This is why Allah said here,

∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ｚェ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ろ ͡ ⇒∠らΒあ デ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョゲあ エ ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇バヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ (Make not unlawful t he good t hings which Allah has made lawful t o you, and t ransgress not . Verily, Allah does not like t he t ransgressors.) t hen He said,

びゅ⇔らあΒデ ∠ Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ヤェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And eat of t he t hings which Allah has provided for you, lawful and good,) 5:88 , eat of t hose it ems t hat are pure and lawful for you,

びヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (and have Taqwa of Allah,) in all your affairs, obey Him and seek His pleasure, all t he while st aying away from defiance and disobedience of Allah,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥わル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (and have Taqwa of Allah in Whom you believe.)

リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ヲ͡ ∇ピヤｚャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ グ⊥ カ ͡ や∠ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ ュ⊥ ゅ∠バ∇デま͡ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ ゅｚヘム∠ プ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇ΑΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ぁゎギｚボハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ミグ⊥ カ ͡ や∠ぽΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨバ͡ ∇トゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ テ ͡シ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ム⇒∠ジョ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ハ ∠ る͡ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠Βダ ͡ プ∠ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ヨプ∠ る∃ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ゲ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇エゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ジミ͡

∇やヲ⊥ヌヘ∠ ∇ェや∠ヱ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ り⊥ ケ∠ ゅｚヘミ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや リ ⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ び (89. Allah will not punish you for what is unint ent ional in your oat hs, but He will punish you for your deliberat e oat hs; for it s expiat ion feed t en poor, on a scale of t he Awsat of t hat wit h which you feed your own families; or clot he t hem; or free a slave. But whosoever cannot afford, t hen he should fast for t hree days. That is t he expiat ion for t he oat hs when you have sworn. And prot ect your oat hs. Thus Allah makes clear t o you His Ayat t hat you may be grat eful.)

Unintentional Oaths We ment ioned t he subj ect of unint ent ional oat hs in Surat Al-Baqarah, all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah, and so we do not need t o repeat it here. We also ment ioned t hat t he Laghw in oat hs refers t o one's saying, "No by Allah,'' or, "Yes, by Allah,'' unint ent ionally.

Expiation for Breaking the Oaths Allah said,

びリ ∠ ⇒ヨ∠ ∇ΑΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ぁゎギｚボハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ミグ⊥ カ ͡ や∠ぽΑ⊥ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but He will punish you for your deliberat e oat hs.) in reference t o t he oat hs t hat you int end in your heart s,

びリ ∠ Β͡ム⇒∠ジョ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ハ ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠バ∇デま͡ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ ゅｚヘム∠ プ∠ ぴ (for it s expiat ion (a deliberat e oat h) feed t en poor,), who are needy, not able t o find necessit ies of t he life. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ Β͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨバ͡ ∇トゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ テ ͡シ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぴ (on a scale of t he Awsat of t hat wit h which you feed your own families;) means, "On t he average scale of what you feed your families,'' according t o Ibn ` Abbas, Sa` id bin Jubayr and ` Ikrimah. ` At a' Al-Khurasani comment ed on t he Ayah, "From t he best of what you feed your families''. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ジミ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or clot he t hem,) refers t o clot hing each of t he t en persons wit h what is suit able t o pray in, whet her t he poor person was male or female. Allah knows best . Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah means a robe or garment for each poor person (of t he t en). Muj ahid also said t hat t he least of clot hing, referred t o in t he Ayah, is a garment , and t he most is what ever you wish. Al-Hasan, Abu Ja` far Al-Baqir, ` At a', Tawus, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Hammad bin Abi Sulayman and Abu Malik said t hat it means (giving each of t he t en poor persons) a garment each. Allah's st at ement ,

びる∃ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ゲ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇エゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or free a slave) refers t o freeing a believing slave. In t he Muwat t a' of Malik, t he Musnad of AshShafi` i and t he Sahih of Muslim, a lengt hy Hadit h was recorded t hat ` Umar bin Al-Hakam AsSulami said t hat he once had t o free a slave (as at onement ) and he brought a black slave girl before t he Messenger of Allah , who asked her;

«∨⊥ぶや リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠» (Where is Allah) She said, "Above t he heavens.'' He said,

«∨ゅ∠ルぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » (Who am I) She said, "The Messenger of Allah.'' He said,

«る∠レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰルｚ み͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ボわ͡ ∇ハぺ∠» (Free her, for she is a believer.) There are t hree t ypes of expiat ion for breaking deliberat e oat hs, and whichever one chooses, it will suffice, according t o t he consensus (of t he scholars). Allah ment ioned t he easiest , t hen t he more difficult opt ions, since feeding is easier t han giving away clot hes, and giving away clot hes is easier t han freeing a slave. If one is unable t o fulfill any of t hese opt ions, t hen he fast s for t hree days for expiat ion, j ust as Allah said,

びュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠Βダ ͡ プ∠ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (But whosoever cannot afford (t hat ), t hen he should fast for t hree days.) Ubayy bin Ka` b and Ibn Mas` ud and his st udent s read t his Ayah as follows, "Then he should fast t hree consecut ive days.'' Even if t his st at ement was not narrat ed t o us as a part of t he Qur'an t hrough Mut awat ir narrat ion, it would st ill be an explanat ion of t he Qur'an by t he Companions t hat has t he ruling of being relat ed from t he Prophet . Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ り⊥ ケ∠ ゅｚヘミ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (That is t he expiat ion for t he oat hs when you have sworn.) 5:89 means, t his is t he legal way t o at one for deliberat e oat hs,

び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヌヘ∠ ∇ェや∠ヱぴ (And prot ect your oat hs.) Do not leave your broken oat hs wit hout paying t he expiat ion for t hem, according t o t he meaning given by Ibn Jarir.

びヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αへ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや リ ⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Thus Allah makes clear t o you His Ayat ) and explains t hem t o you,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (t hat you may be grat eful.)

ゲ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ へ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや モ ͡ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ザ∇ィ͡ケ ュ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇コΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ダルｘΙや∠ヱ ラ∠ぺ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プ ゲ͡ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ￢∠ べ∠ツ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ り∠ ヱ∠ や∠ギバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ノ∠ ホ͡ ヲ⊥Α り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ∇ユミ⊥ ギｚ ダ ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ジ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レぁョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ケグ∠ ∇ェや∠ヱ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ - リ ⊥ Β͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅ∠ョ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨバ͡ デ ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠

∇やヲ∠ボゎｚ や ｚユを⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢∠ヱ ∇やヲ∠ボゎｚ や リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱｚ ∇やヲ∠ボゎｚ や ｚユを⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ び (90. O you who believe! Khamr, Maysir, Ansab, and Azlam are a Rij s of Shayt an's handiwork. So avoid t hat in order t hat you may be successful.) (91. Shayt an want s only t o excit e enmit y and hat red bet ween you wit h Khamr and Maysir, and hinder you from t he remembrance of Allah and from t he Salah (t he prayer). So, will you not t hen abst ain) (92. And obey Allah and obey t he Messenger, and beware. Then if you t urn away, you should know t hat it is Our Messenger's dut y t o convey in t he clearest way.) (93. Those who believe and do right eous good deeds, t here is no sin on t hem for what t hey at e, if t hey have Taqwa and believe and do right eous good deeds, and t hey (again) have Taqwa and believe, and t hen (once again) have Taqwa and perform good. And Allah loves t he good-doers.)

Prohibiting Khamr (Intoxicants) and Maysir (Gambling) Allah forbids His believing servant s from consuming Khamr and Maysir which is gambling. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Ali bin Abi Talib, t he Leader of t he Fait hful, said t hat chess is a t ype of gambling. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` At a', Muj ahid and Tawus, or , t wo of t hem, said t hat every t ype of gambling, including children's playing wit h (a cert ain t ype of) nut s, is Maysir. Ibn ` Umar said t hat Al-Maysir means gambling, and t his is t he same st at ement t hat Ad-Dahhak report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, who added, "They used t o gamble during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, unt il Islam came. Allah t hen forbade t hem from t his evil behavior.''

Meaning of Ansab and Azlam Al-Ansab were alt ar st ones, in whose vicinit y sacrifices were offered (during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah), according t o Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` At a', Sa` id bin Jubayr and Al-Hasan. They also said t hat Al-Azlam were arrows t hat t hey used for lot t eries t o make decisions, as Ibn Abi Hat im narrat ed. Allah said,

びリ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや モ ͡ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ザ∇ィ͡ケぴ (A Rij s of Shayt an's handiwork) meaning, abominat ion of Shayt an's handiwork, according t o ` Ali bin Abi Talhah who report ed it from Ibn ` Abbas. Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat Rij s means ` sin' while Zayd bin Aslam said; "An evil handiwork of Shayt an.''

びロ⊥ ヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プぴ (So avoid t hat ) avoid all of t hese abominat ions,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (in order t hat you may be successful.) and t his is a st at ement of encouragement . Allah said next ,

り∠ ヱ∠ や∠ギバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ノ∠ ホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ラ∠ぺ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ リ∠ハ ∇ユミ⊥ ｚギダ ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ジ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ￢∠ べ∠ツ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レぁョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ (Shayt an want s only t o excit e enmit y and hat red bet ween you wit h Khamr (int oxicant s) and Maysir (gambling), and hinder you from t he remembrance of Allah and from t he Salah (t he prayer). So, will you not t hen abst ain) This is a t hreat and a warning.

Hadiths that Prohibit Khamr (Intoxicants) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "There were t hree st ages t o prohibit ing Khamr (int oxicant s). When t he Messenger of Allah migrat ed t o Al-Madinah, t he people were consuming alcohol and gambling, so t hey asked t he Messenger of Allah about t hese t hings, Allah revealed,

∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ∀ユ∇を͡ま べ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プ ∇モホ⊥ ゲ͡ ジ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Αぴ びサ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ノ⊥ ヘ͡ ⇒∠レョ∠ ヱ∠ (They ask you about alcoholic drink and gambling. Say: "In t hem is a great sin, and (some) benefit for men.'') 2:219 , unt il t he end of t he Ayah. The people said, ` They (int oxicant s and gambling) were not prohibit ed for us. Allah only said,

びサ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ノ⊥ ヘ͡ ⇒∠レョ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ∀ユ∇を͡ま べ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プぴ (In t hem is a great sin, and (some) benefit for men.)' So t hey went on drinking Khamr unt il one day, one of t he emigrant s lead his companions in t he Maghrib prayer and mixed up t he Ayat in his recit at ion. Thereaft er, Allah sent down a t ougher st at ement ,

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ヴｚわェ ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ムシ ⊥

(O you who believe! Approach not t he Salah (t he prayer) when you are in a drunken st at e unt il you know (t he meaning of) what you ut t er.) 4:43 xThen, t he people would drink before t he t ime of t he prayer so t hat t hey would at t end t he prayer while sober. A firmer Ayah was lat er revealed,

ゲ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ へ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや モ ͡ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ザ∇ィ͡ケ ュ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇コΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ダルｘΙや∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プ (O you who believe! Khamr, Maysir, Ansab, and Azlam are an abominat ion of Shayt an's handiwork. So avoid t hat in order t hat you may be successful.) 5:90-91 So t hey said, ` We abst ained, O Lord!' Lat er, some people said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Some people died in t he cause of Allah, while some ot hers died in t heir beds, but t hey used t o drink alcohol and indulge in gambling, which Allah has made a Rij s of t he work of Shayt an.' So Allah sent down,

ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ び∇やヲ⊥ヨバ͡ デ ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ (Those who believe and do right eous good deeds, t here is no sin on t hem for what t hey at e...) 5:93 , unt il t he end of t he Ayah. The Prophet said,

«ユ⊥わ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ミゲ∠ わ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ∠ ゲあ ェ ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠» (Had t hey been made impermissible for t hem, t hey would have abandoned t hem as you have abandoned t hem.) Ahmad recorded t his Hadit h. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Umar bin AlKhat t ab said, "O Allah! Explain t he verdict about Khamr t o us clearly.'' The Ayah in Surat AlBaqarah was revealed,

∀ユ∇をま͡ べ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プ ∇モホ⊥ ゲ͡ ジ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Αぴ び∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ (They ask you about alcoholic drink and gambling. Say: "In t hem is a great sin.'') 2:219 ` Umar was summoned and t his Ayah was recit ed t o him, but he st ill said, "O Allah! Make t he verdict of Khamr clear t o us.'' Then t he Ayah in Surat An-Nisa' was revealed,

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ びン∠ゲ⇒∠ムシ ⊥ (O you who believe! Do not approach t he Salah when you are in a drunken st at e.) 4:43 Thereaft er, t he Prophet had someone herald when it was t ime t o pray, "Those in a drunken st at e are not t o approach t he prayer.'' ` Umar was again summoned and t he Ayah was recit ed t o him, but he st ill said, "O Allah! Make t he verdict concerning Khamr clear t o us.'' Then, t he Ayah in Surat Al-Ma'idah 5:91 was revealed, and ` Umar was summoned and it was recit ed t o him. When he reached t he part of t he Ayah t hat reads,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レぁョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, will you not t hen abst ain) 5:91 , ` Umar said, "We abst ained, we abst ained.'' Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi, and An-Nasa'i recorded t his Hadit h. ` Ali bin Al-Madini and At -Tirmidhi graded it Sahih. It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs, t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said in a speech; while st anding on t he Minbar of t he Messenger of Allah (in t he Prophet 's Masj id in Al-Madinah) "O people! The prohibit ion of Khamr was revealed; and Khamr was ext ract ed from five t hings: From grapes, dat es, honey, wheat and barley. Khamr is what int oxicat es t he mind.'' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said, "The prohibit ion of Khamr was revealed when t here were five kinds of int oxicant s in Al-Madinah, besides what was produced from grapes.''

Another Hadith Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas said, "I once was giving an alcoholic beverage t o Abu ` Ubaydah bin Al-Jarrah, ` Ubayy bin Ka` b, Suhayl bin Bayda' and several of t heir friends meet ing at Abu Talhah's house. When t hey were almost int oxicat ed, some Muslims came and said, ` Did you not know t hat Khamr has been prohibit ed' They said, ` We'll wait and ask.' They t hen said, ` O Anas! Spill t he remaining alcohol out of your cont ainer.' By Allah! They never drank it again, and t heir Khamr at t hat t ime was made from unripe and normal dat es.''' This is also recorded in t he Two Sahihs. In anot her narrat ion by Anas, "I was t he but ler of t he people in t he house of Abu Talhah when Khamr was prohibit ed, and in t hose days alcohol was made from unripe and normal dat es. A caller t hen heralded, and Abu Talhah ordered me t o see what it was about . So I found t hat a person was announcing t hat alcoholic drinks had been prohibit ed. Abu Talhah ordered me t o go out and spill t he wine. I went out and spilled it , and it flowed in t he st reet s of Al-Madinah. Some people said, ` Some people were killed and wine was st ill in t heir st omachs.' Lat er on, Allah's revelat ion came,

ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲレ⊥ ョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ び∇やヲ⊥ヨバ͡ デ ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ (Those who believe and do right eous good deeds, t here is no sin on t hem for what t hey at e...) 5:93 .'' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said, "I was serving Abu Talhah, Abu ` Ubaydah bin Al-Jarrah, Abu Duj anah, Mu` adh bin Jabal and Suhayl bin Bayda', unt il t hey became int oxicat ed from an alcoholic drink made of mixed unripe and normal dat es. Then I

heard someone herald, ` Khamr has been made illegal.' So no one went in or out unt il we spilled t he alcohol and broke it s barrels. Some of us t hen performed ablut ion and ot hers t ook a shower, and we wore some perfume. We t hen went out t o t he Masj id while t he Messenger of Allah was recit ing,

ゲ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ へ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや モ ͡ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ザ∇ィ͡ケ ュ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇コΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ダルｘΙや∠ヱ びロ⊥ ヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プ (O you who believe! Khamr, Maysir, Ansab, and Azlam are only an abominat ion of Shayt an's handiwork. So avoid t hat ...) 5:90 , unt il,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レぁョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, will you not t hen abst ain) 5:91 . A man asked, ` O Allah's Messenger! What about t hose who died drinking it ' Allah sent down t he verse,

ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ び∇やヲ⊥ヨバ͡ デ ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ (Those who believe and do right eous good deeds, t here is no sin on t hem for what t hey at e.) 5:93 .''

Another Hadith Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゲ⊥ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ レ∠ バ͡ ャ⊥ :ヮ∃ ィ ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇ゼハ ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ゲ⊥ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ レ∠ バ͡ ャ⊥» ∩ゅ∠ヰハ ⊥ ゅ∠わ∇らョ⊥ ∠ヱ ∩ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ホゅ∠シヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠セヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰレ͡ ∇Βバ∠ よ͡ る⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥ヨ∇エヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩ゅヰ⊥ヤョ͡ ゅ∠ェヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ ダ ͡ わ∠ ∇バョ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ タ ͡ ゅ∠ハヱ∠ «ゅ∠ヰレ͡ ヨ∠ を∠ モ ⊥ ミ͡ へ∠ヱ ∩͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡

(Ten mat t ers relat ed t o Khamr were cursed. Khamr it self was cursed, whoever drinks it , it s server, seller, buyer, brewer, who asks for it t o be brewed, whoever carries it , whomever it is carried t o and whoever consumes it s price.) Abu Dawud and Ibn Maj ah recorded t his Hadit h. Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said, "Once, t he Messenger of Allah went out and I went out wit h him. I walked t o his right , but Abu Bakr came along and I gave way t o him, and Abu Bakr was walking on t he Prophet 's right , while I was walking on his left . Then ` Umar came along and he was walking on t he Prophet 's left , since I gave way t o him. The Messenger of Allah t hen found a leat her skin hanging cont aining alcohol, so he asked for a knife and ordered t hat t he skin be cut open. He t hen said,

∩ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ホゅ∠シヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠セヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ レ∠ バ͡ ャ⊥» ∩͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ る⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥ヨ∇エヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥ョ͡ ゅ∠ェヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰハ ⊥ ゅ∠わ∇らョ⊥ ヱ∠ «ゅ∠ヰレ͡ ヨ∠ を∠ モ ⊥ ミ͡ へ∠ヱ ∩ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ ダ ͡ わ∠ ∇バョ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ タ ͡ ゅ∠ハヱ∠ (Khamr was cursed, and so are t hose who drink it , serve it , sell it , buy it , carry it , have it carried t o t hem, brew it , have it brewed and consume it s price.)''

Another Hadith Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bayhaqi recorded t hat Sa` d said, "There were four Ayat revealed about Khamr...'' He t hen said, "A man from Al-Ansar made some food and invit ed us. We drank Khamr before it was prohibit ed and became int oxicat ed, and t hus st art ed t o boast about our st at us. The Ansar said t hat t hey were bet t er, while Quraysh (t he Muhaj irin) said t hat t hey were bet t er. So a man from t he Ansar t ook a bone and st ruck Sa` d's nose wit h it and made a flesh wound on it . Ever since t hat happened, Sa` d's nose had a scar from t hat wound. The Ayah,

びゲ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (Int oxicant s, gambling,) unt il,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レぁョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, will you not t hen abst ain) was lat er revealed.'' Muslim recorded t his Hadit h.

Another Hadith Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said, "This Ayah in t he Qur'an,

ゲ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ へ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや モ ͡ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ザ∇ィ͡ケ ュ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇コΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ダルｘΙや∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プ (O you who believe! Khamr, Maysir, Ansab, and Azlam are only an abominat ion of Shayt an's handiwork. So avoid t hat in order t hat you may be successful.) 5:90 , was also in t he Tawrah; ` Allah has sent down t rut h t o eradicat e falsehood, j oyful play, flut e or wind inst rument s, Zafan (dances) and Kibarat (refering t o cabaret s using t he lut e and bagpipe), t ambourine, guit ar, harp and lyric and love poet ry. And Khamr is bit t er for t hose who t ast e it . Allah has vowed by His grace and power, ` Whoever drinks it aft er I prohibit ed it , I will make him t hirst y on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Whoever abandons it aft er I prohibit ed it , I will let him t ast e it in t he residence of Grace (Paradise).''' It s chain of narrat ion is Sahih

Another Hadith Ash-Shafi` i narrat ed t hat Malik narrat ed t hat Nafi` said t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇ょわ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ゲ∠ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ ゲ͡ セ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «り∠ゲカ ͡ Γや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰョ∠ ゲ͡ ェ ⊥ (Whoever drinks Khamr in t he life of t his world and does not repent from it , will be deprived of it in t he Hereaft er.) Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t his Hadit h. Muslim recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀ュや∠ゲェ ∠ ゲ∃ ム͡ ∇ジョ⊥ ぁモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∀ゲ∇ヨカ ∠ ゲ∃ ム͡ ∇ジョ⊥ ぁモミ⊥ » ∩ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇ょわ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰレ⊥ ͡ョ∇ギΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ れ ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ ゲ͡ セ ∠ «り∠ゲカ ͡ べ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰ∇よゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ (Every int oxicant is Khamr, and every int oxicant is unlawful. Whoever drinks Khamr and dies while addict ed t o it , wit hout repent ing from drinking it , will not drink it in t he Hereaft er.) ` Abdur-Rahman bin Al-Harit h bin Hisham said t hat he heard ` Ut hman bin ` Affan saying, "Avoid Khamr, for it is t he mot her of all sins. There was a man before your t ime who used t o worship Allah secluded from t he people. Lat er, an evil woman loved him and sent her female servant t o him saying t hat t hey want ed him t o wit ness somet hing. So he went wit h t he servant . Whenever t hey went t hrough t he door, she locked it behind t hem, unt il he reached a beaut iful woman wit h a young servant boy and some alcohol. She said t o him, ` By Allah! I did not invit e you t o be a wit ness for anyt hing, but called you t o have sex wit h me, kill t his boy or drink t his

alcohol.' So she gave him some alcohol, and he kept asking for more unt il he became int oxicat ed and had sex wit h her and killed t he boy. Therefore, avoid Khamr, because it is never combined wit h fait h, but one of t hem is bound t o expel t he ot her (from t he heart ).'' This was recorded by Al-Bayhaqi. This st at ement has an aut hent ic chain of narrat ion. Abu Bakr bin Abi Ad-Dunya recorded t his st at ement in his book on t he prohibit ion of int oxicant s, but he relat ed it from t he Prophet . Relat ing it from ` Ut hman is more aut hent ic, and Allah knows best . Ahmad bin Hanbal recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "When Khamr was prohibit ed, some people said, ` O Allah's Messenger! What about our bret hren who died while st ill drinking Khamr' Allah sent down t he Ayah

ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ び∇やヲ⊥ヨバ͡ デ ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ (Those who believe and do right eous good deeds, t here is no sin on t hem for what t hey at e,) unt il t he end of t he Ayah. When t he Qiblah (direct ion of t he prayer) was changed (from Jerusalem t o Makkah), some people asked, ` O Allah's Messenger! What about our bret hren who died while st ill praying t oward Jerusalem' Allah sent down,

び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ノ∠ Β͡ツΒ⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah would never make your fait h t o be lost .)'' 2:143 ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said t hat t he Prophet said when t he Ayah,

ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ び∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢∠ヱ ∇やヲ∠ボゎｚ や ゅ∠ョ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨバ͡ デ ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ (Those who believe and do right eous good deeds, t here is no sin on t hem for what t hey at e, if t hey have Taqwa, and believe...) was revealed,

«ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ :ヶ͡ャ モ ∠ Β͡ホ» (I was t old, t hat you are among t hem.) This is t he narrat ion t hat Muslim, At -Tirmidhi and AnNasa'i collect ed.

リ ∠ ョあ ￢∃ ∇ヴゼ ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚルヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ ヮ⊥ プ⊥ ゅ∠ガΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ エ ⊥ ⇒∠ョケ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠レゎ∠ ギ͡ ∇Βダ ｚ ャや

- ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ン∠ギわ∠ ∇ハや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ュゲ⊥ ェ ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ギ∠ ∇Βダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Α リ ∠ ョ͡ モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ∇んあョ ∀￢へ∠ゴ∠イ∠プ や⇔ギあヨバ∠ わ∠ ョぁ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠わ∠ ホ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る͡ ら∠ ∇バム∠ ∇ャや ヒ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠よ ゅ⇔Α∇ギワ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ メ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ や∠ヱク∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ユ͡ バ∠ レｚ ャや ベ ∠ ヱ⊥グΒ∠ ャあ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠Βタ ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク メ ⊥ ∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ぺ リ ∠ Β͡ム⇒∠ジョ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ∀り∠ケゅヘｚ ミ∠ ユ⊥ ボ͡ わ∠ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ハ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ブ∠ヤ∠シ ゅｚヨ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ヘハ ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠よヱ∠ び ュ∃ ゅ∠ボわ͡ ∇ルや ヱ⊥ク ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (94. O you who believe! Allah will cert ainly make a t rial for you wit h somet hing in t he game t hat is well wit hin reach of your hands and your lances, t hat Allah may t est who fears Him in t he unseen. Then whoever t ransgresses t hereaft er, for him t here is a painful t orment .) (95. O you who believe! Kill not game while you are in a st at e of Ihram, and whosoever of you kills it int ent ionally, t he penalt y is an offering, brought t o t he Ka` bah, of livest ock equivalent t o t he one he killed, as adj udged by t wo j ust men among you; or, for expiat ion, he should feed t he poor, or it s equivalent in fast ing, t hat he may t ast e t he heaviness (punishment ) of his deed. Allah has forgiven what is past , but whosoever commit s it again, Allah will t ake ret ribut ion from him. And Allah is Almight y, All-Able of Ret ribut ion.) v

Prohibiting Hunting Game in the Sacred Area and During the State of Ihram ` Ali bin Abi Talhah Al-Walibi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠レゎ∠ ギ͡ ∇Βダ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ￢∃ ∇ヴゼ ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚルヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ ャ∠ぴ び∇ユム⊥ エ ⊥ ⇒∠ョケ͡ ヱ∠ (Allah will cert ainly make a t rial for you wit h somet hing in (t he mat t er of) t he game t hat is well wit hin reach of your hands and your lances,) 5:94 , refers t o, "The weak and young game. Allah t est s His servant s wit h such game during t heir Ihram, t hat if t hey wish, t hey would be able t o cat ch it wit h t heir hands. Allah has commanded t hem t o avoid cat ching it .'' Muj ahid said t hat ,

び∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠レゎ∠ ぴ (well wit hin reach of your hands) refers t o t he young game and chicks, while

び∇ユム⊥ エ ⊥ ⇒∠ョケ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and your lances,) refers t o mat ure game. Muqat il bin Hayyan said t hat t his Ayah was revealed during t he ` Umrah of Al-Hudaybiyyah, when wild game and birds were coming t o t he Muslim camping area, which t hey had never seen t he likes of before. Allah prohibit ed t hem from hunt ing t he game while in t he st at e of Ihram,

びょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ プ⊥ ゅ∠ガΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ (t hat Allah may t est who fears Him in t he unseen. ) Therefore, Allah t est s His servant s wit h t he game t hat comes near t heir camping area, for if t hey wish, t hey can cat ch it wit h t heir hands and spears in public and secret . This is how t he obedience of t hose who obey Allah in public and secret becomes apparent and t est ed. In anot her Ayah, Allah said;

り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゲ∀ ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ (Verily! Those who fear t heir Lord in t he unseen, t heirs will be forgiveness and a great reward (i.e. Paradise).) Allah said next ,

びマ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ン∠ギわ∠ ∇ハや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then whoever t ransgresses t hereaft er.) aft er t his warning and t hreat , according t o As-Suddi, t hen,

び∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (for him t here is a painful t orment .) for his defiance of Allah's command and what He has decreed. Allah said next ,

び∀ュゲ⊥ ェ ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ギ∠ ∇Βダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ

(O you who believe! Kill not game while you are in a st at e of Ihram,) This Ayah prohibit s killing t he game in t he st at e of Ihram, except what is exempt from t his as ment ioned in t he Two Sahihs; ` A'ishah narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

:ュ͡ ゲ∠ エ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ モ あエ ͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ リ ∠ ∇ヤわ∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ ペ ⊥シ ͡ や∠ヲプ∠ ∀ザ∇ヨ∠カ» ょ ⊥ ∇ヤム∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥りケ∠ ∇ほヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥ゆ∠ゲ∇ボ∠バ∇ャやヱ∠ ∩⊥りぺ∠ギ∠ エ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥ゆや∠ゲピ⊥ ∇ャや «ケヲ⊥ボバ∠ ∇ャや (Five are Fawasiq, t hey may be killed while in Ihram or not ; t he crow, t he kit e, t he scorpion, t he mouse and t he rabid dog.) Ibn ` Umar narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

リ ｚ ヰ͡ ヤ͡∇わホ∠ ヶ͡プ ュ͡ ゲ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゆ あ や∠ヱギｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∀ザ∇ヨ∠カ» ∩⊥り∠ケ∇ほ∠ヘ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥ゆゲ∠ ∇ボバ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥りぺ∠ギ∠ エ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥ゆや∠ゲピ⊥ ∇ャや :∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ «ケヲ⊥ボバ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ∇ヤム∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (It is not harmful in a st at e of Ihram t o kill five kinds of animals: t he crow, t he kit e, t he scorpion, t he mouse and t he rabid dog.) This Hadit h was recorded in t he Two Sahihs. Ayyub narrat ed t hat Nafi` narrat ed similar wordings for t his Hadit h from Ibn ` Umar. Ayyub said, "So I said t o Nafi` , ` What about t he snake' He said, ` There is no doubt t hat killing t he snake is allowed.''' The ruling concerning t he rabid dog also includes t he wolf, lion, leopard, t iger and t heir like, since t hey are more dangerous t han t he rabid dog, or because t he t erm Kalb (dog) covers t hem. Allah knows best . Abu Sa` id narrat ed t hat t he Prophet was asked about t he animals t hat t he Muhrim is allowed t o kill and he said,

ゆ ∠ や∠ゲピ⊥ ∇ャや ヶ͡ョ∇ゲ∠Α∠ヱ ∩⊥るボ∠ ジ ͡ Α∠ヲヘ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥ゆゲ∠ ∇ボバ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥るΒｚ エ ∠ ャや» ノ⊥ ら⊥ ｚジャや∠ヱ ∩⊥り∠ぺ∠ギ͡エャや∠ヱ ∩⊥ケヲ⊥ボバ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ∇ヤム∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥ヮヤ⊥わ⊥ ∇ボΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ «ヵ͡キゅ∠バャや (The snake, t he scorpion, t he mouse, and t he crow - which is shot at but not killed -- t he rabid dog, t he kit e and wild beast s of prey.) Abu Dawud recorded t his Hadit h, as did At -Tirmidhi, who said, "Hasan'', and Ibn Maj ah.

The Penalty of Killing Game in the Sacred Area or in the State of Ihram

Allah said,

リ ∠ ョ͡ モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ∇んあョ ∀￢へ∠ゴ∠イ∠プ や⇔ギあヨバ∠ わ∠ ョぁ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠わ∠ ホ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びユ͡ バ∠ レｚ ャや (And whosoever of you kills it int ent ionally, t he penalt y is an offering of livest ock equivalent t o t he one he killed.) Muj ahid bin Jabr said, "The meaning of ` int ent ionally' here is t hat one int ends t o kill t he game while forget t ing t hat he is in t he st at e of Ihram. Whoever int ent ionally kills t he game while aware t hat he is in t he st at e of Ihram, t hen t his offense is more grave t han t o make an expiat ion, and he also loses his Ihram.'' This st at ement is odd, and t he view of maj orit y is t hat t hey have t o pay t he expiat ion for killing t he game whet her t hey forgot t hat t hey are in Ihram or not . Az-Zuhri said, "The Book (t he Qur'an) assert s t he expiat ion for int ent ional killing, and t he Sunnah included t hose who forget , as well.'' The meaning of t his st at ement is t hat t he Qur'an ment ioned t he expiat ion and sin of t hose who int ent ionally kill game,

キ∠ ゅ∠ハ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ブ∠ヤ∠シ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ヘハ ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ベ ∠ ヱ⊥グΒ∠ ャあぴ びヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ボ͡ わ∠ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ (t hat he may t ast e t he heaviness (punishment ) of his deed. Allah has forgiven what is past , but whosoever commit s it again, Allah will t ake ret ribut ion from him.) t he Sunnah t hat includes t he rulings issued by t he Prophet and his Companions, indicat ed t he necessit y of expiat ion in cases of unint ent ional killing of game, j ust as t he Book legislat ed expiat ion for int ent ional killing. Killing game is a form of wast e, which requires expiat ion in int ent ional and unint ent ional cases, alt hough t hose who int end it have sinned, rat her t han t hose who made an honest error. Allah's st at ement ,

びユ͡ バ∠ レｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ∇んあョ ∀￢へ∠ゴ∠イ∠プぴ (The penalt y is an offering of livest ock equivalent t o t he one he killed.) indicat es t he necessit y of offering an equivalent animal t o t he one t he Muhrim killed. The Companions gave rulings t hat t he camel, for inst ance, is t he equivalent of t he ost rich, t he cow is t he equivalent of wild cat t le, and t he goat for t he deer. As for t he cases when t here is no equivalent for t he killed animal, Ibn ` Abbas said t hat one should spend it s amount in Makkah (i.e. charit y), as AlBayhaqi recorded. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ メ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ や∠ヱク∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ぴ (As adj udged by t wo j ust men among you;) means, t wo j ust Muslim men should det ermine an animal equivalent t o t he game killed, or t he amount of it s price. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Abu Jarir Al-Baj ali said, "I killed a deer when I was in t he st at e of Ihram and ment ioned t his fact t o ` Umar, who said, ` Bring t wo of your bret hren and let t hem j udge you.' So I went t o ` Abdur-

Rahman and Sa` d and t hey said t hat I should offer a male sheep.'' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Tariq said, "Arbad killed a deer while in t he st at e of Ihram and he went t o ` Umar t o j udge him. ` Umar said t o him, ` Let us bot h j udge,' and t hey j udged t hat Arbad should offer a goat t hat was fed on abundant wat er and grass. ` Umar comment ed,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ メ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ や∠ヱク∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ぴ (As adj udged by t wo j ust men among you;).'' Allah's st at ement ,

びる͡ ら∠ ∇バム∠ ∇ャや ヒ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠よ ゅ⇔Α∇ギワ∠ ぴ (...an offering brought t o t he Ka` bah.) indicat es t hat t his equivalent animal should be brought t o t he Ka` bah, meaning, t he Sacred Area, where it should be slaught ered and it s meat divided bet ween t he poor of t he Sacred Area. There is a consensus on t his ruling. Allah said,

びゅ⇔ョゅ∠Βタ ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク メ ⊥ ∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ぺ リ ∠ Β͡ム⇒∠ジョ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ∀り∠ケゅｚヘ∠ミ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or, for expiat ion, he should feed t he poor, or it s equivalent in fast ing,) t hat is, if t he Muhrim does not find an equivalent t o what he killed, or t he animal hunt ed is not comparable t o anyt hing else. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah,

ヱ∠ぺ リ ∠ Β͡ム⇒∠ジョ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ∀り∠ケゅｚヘ∠ミ ∇ヱぺ∠ る͡ ら∠ ∇バム∠ ∇ャや ヒ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠よ ゅ⇔Α∇ギワ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ョゅ∠Βタ ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク メ ⊥ ∇ギハ ∠ (...an offering brought t o t he Ka` bah, or, for expiat ion, he should feed t he poor, or it s equivalent in fast ing.) "If t he Muhrim killed game, t hen his j udgement is it s equivalent . If he kills an ant elope, he offers a sheep slaught ered in Makkah. If he cannot , t hen he feeds six poor people, ot herwise he should fast for t hree days. If he kills a deer, he offers a cow. If unable, he feeds t went y poor people, or ot herwise if unable, he fast s for t went y days. If he kills an ost rich or zebra, he offers a camel, or he feeds t hirt y poor people, or fast s t hirt y days.'' Ibn Abi Hat im and Ibn Jarir recorded t his st at ement , and in Ibn Jarir's narrat ion, t he food measurement is a Mudd (4 handfuls of food) each t hat suffices for t he poor. Allah's st at ement ,

びロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ベ ∠ ヱ⊥グΒ∠ ャあぴ (t hat he may t ast e t he heaviness (punishment ) of his deed.) means, We have required him t o pay t his expiat ion so t hat he t ast es t he punishment of his error,

びブ∠ヤ∠シ ゅｚヨ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ヘハ ∠ぴ

(Allah has forgiven what is past .) during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, provided t hat one becomes good in Islam and follows Allah's Law, all t he while avoiding t he sin. Allah t hen said,

びヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ボ͡ わ∠ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ハ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (but whosoever commit s it again, Allah will t ake ret ribut ion from him.) meaning, whoever does t his aft er it has been prohibit ed in Islam and having knowledge t hat it is prohibit ed,

びュ∃ ゅ∠ボわ͡ ∇ルや ヱ⊥ク ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ボ͡ わ∠ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Allah will t ake ret ribut ion from him. And Allah is Almight y, All-Able of ret ribut ion.) Ibn Jurayj said, "I said t o ` At a', ` What is t he meaning of,

びブ∠ヤ∠シ ゅｚヨ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ヘハ ∠ぴ (Allah has forgiven what is past .)' He said, ` Meaning, during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah.' I asked about ,

びヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ボ͡ わ∠ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ハ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (but whosoever commit s it again, Allah will t ake ret ribut ion from him.) He said, ` Whoever commit s t his offense again in Islam, t hen Allah will t ake ret ribut ion from him and he also has t o pay t he expiat ion.' I asked, ` Is t here any punishment for repeat ing t his offense t hat you know of' He said, ` No.' I said, ` Do you t hink t hat t he aut horit ies should punish him' He said, ` No, for it is a sin t hat he commit t ed bet ween him and Allah. He should pay t he expiat ion.''' Ibn Jarir recorded t his st at ement . It was said t hat t he ` Allah will t ake ret ribut ion' refers t o t he expiat ion, according t o Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` At a', and t he maj orit y among t he earlier and lat er generat ions. They st at ed t hat when t he Muhrim kills game, t he expiat ion becomes necessary, regardless of whet her it was t he first , second or t hird offense, and whet her int ent ional or by error. Ibn Jarir comment ed on Allah's st at ement ;

びュ∃ ゅ∠ボわ͡ ルや ヱ⊥ク ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is Almight y, All-Able of ret ribut ion.) "Allah says t hat He is invincible in His cont rol, none can resist Him, prevent Him from exact ing ret ribut ion from anyone, or st op Him from punishing anyone. This is because all creat ion is His creat ion and t he decision is His, His is t he might , and His is t he cont rol. His st at ement ,

びュ∃ ゅ∠ボわ͡ ルや ヱ⊥クぴ

(All-Able of ret ribut ion.) meaning, He punishes t hose who disobey Him for t heir disobedience of Him.''

∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ゅ⇔バ⇒∠わョ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ ∇Βタ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ｚモェ ͡ ぺ⊥ぴ ゅ⇔ョ⊥ゲェ ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ョキ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ ∇Βタ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ∠ ゲあ ェ ⊥ ヱ∠ り͡ ケ∠ ゅｚΒジ ｚ ヤ͡ャヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン͡グャｚや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ュ∠ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤあャ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠Βホ͡ ュ∠ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや る∠ ら∠ ∇バム∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バわ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ギ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ン ∠ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや - ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ∠ら∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅｚョ - ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ (96. Lawful t o you is wat er game and it s use for food -- for t he benefit of yourselves and t hose who t ravel, but forbidden is (t he pursuit of) land game as long as you are in a st at e of Ihram. And have Taqwa of Allah t o Whom you shall be gat hered back.) (97. Allah has made t he Ka` bah, t he Sacred House, an asylum of securit y and benefit s for mankind, and also t he Sacred Mont h and t he animals of offerings and t he garlanded, t hat you may know t hat Allah has knowledge of all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h, and t hat Allah is t he AllKnower of each and everyt hing.) (98. Know t hat Allah is severe in punishment and t hat Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (99. The Messenger's dut y is but t o convey. And Allah knows all t hat you reveal and all t hat you conceal.)

Water Game is Allowed for the Muhrim Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib, Sa` id bin Jubayr and ot hers comment ed on Allah's st at ement ;

びゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ ∇Βタ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ｚモェ ͡ ぺ⊥ぴ (Lawful t o you is (t he pursuit of) wat er game...) t hat it means, what one eat s fresh from it , while,

びヮ⊥ ョ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And it s use for food) what is eat en dry and salt ed. Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ` wat er game' refers t o what is t aken from wat er while st ill alive, while,

びヮ⊥ ョ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and it s use for food) refers t o what t he wat er t hrows ashore dead. Similar st at ement s were report ed from Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, Zayd bin Thabit , ` Abdullah bin ` Amr, Abu Ayyub Al-Ansari, ` Ikrimah, Abu Salamah bin ` Abdur-Rahman, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i and Al-Hasan Al-Basri. Allah's st at ement ,

びり͡ ケ∠ ゅｚΒジ ｚ ヤ͡ャヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ゅ⇔バ⇒∠わョ∠ ぴ (for t he benefit of yourselves and t hose who t ravel,) as food and provision for you,

びり͡ ケ∠ ゅｚΒジ ｚ ヤ͡ャヱ∠ ぴ (and t hose who t ravel, ) t hose who are in t he sea and t raveling along t he sea, according t o ` Ikrimah. Ot her scholars said t hat wat er game is allowed for t hose who fish it from t he sea, as well as, when it is salt ed and used as food for t ravelers inland. A similar st at ement was report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and As-Suddi and ot hers. Imam Malik bin Anas recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said, "Allah's Messenger sent an army t owards t he east coast and appoint ed Abu ` Ubaydah bin Al-Jarrah as t heir commander, and t he army consist ed of t hree hundred men, including myself. We marched on unt il we reached a place where our food was about t o finish. Abu ` Ubaydah ordered us t o collect all t he food for our j ourney, and it was collect ed in t wo bags of dat es. Abu ` Ubaydah kept on giving us our daily rat ion in small amount s from it , unt il it was exhaust ed. The share of each of us used t o be one dat e only.'' I (one of t he narrat ors from Jabir) said, "How could one dat e suffice for you'' Jabir replied, "We came t o know it s value when even t hat finished.'' Jabir added, "When we reached t he seashore, we saw a huge fish which was like a small mount ain. The army at e from it for eight een days. Then Abu ` Ubaydah ordered t hat t wo of it s ribs be affixed in t he ground. Then he ordered t hat a shecamel be ridden, and it passed under t he t wo ribs (forming an arch) wit hout t ouching t hem.'' This Hadit h was also collect ed in t he Two Sahihs. eMalik recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "A man asked Allah's Messenger, ` O Allah's Messenger! We go t o sea and carry lit t le wat er wit h us. If we use it for Wudu', we get t hirst y, so should we use seawat er for Wudu'' The Messenger of Allah said,

«ヮ⊥わ∠わ∇Β∠ョ モ ぁエ ͡ ∇ャや ロ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰト ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ » (It s wat er is pure and it s dead are lawful).'' The t wo Imams, Ash-Shafi` i and Ahmad bin Hanbal, recorded t his Hadit h, along wit h t he Four Sunan compilers. Al-Bukhari, At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih. This Hadit h was also recorded from t he Prophet by several ot her Companions.

Hunting Land Game is Prohibited During Ihram Allah said,

びゅ⇔ョ⊥ゲェ ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ョキ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ ∇Βタ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ∠ ゲあ ェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (but forbidden is land game as long as you are in a st at e of Ihram.) Therefore, hunt ing land game during Ihram is not allowed, and if someone who is in t he st at e of Ihram hunt s, he will have t o pay expiat ion, along wit h t he sin he earns if he does it int ent ionally. If he hunt s by mist ake, he will have t o pay t he expiat ion and is not allowed t o eat from it , because t his t ype of game is j ust like dead animals, be he a Muhrim or a non-Muhrim. If someone who is not in t he st at e of Ihram hunt s and gives t he food t o a Muhrim, t he Muhrim is not allowed t o eat from it s meat if it was killed for him in part icular. As-Sa` b bin Jat ht hamah said t hat he gave a zebra as a gift t o t he Prophet in t he area of Waddan or Abwa', t he Prophet gave it back. When t he Prophet saw t he effect of his ret urning t he gift on As-Sa` b's face, he said,

«ュ⊥ゲェ ⊥ ゅｚル∠ぺ ゅｚャま͡ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ロ⊥ ｚキゲ⊥ ル∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅｚル͡ま» (We only gave it back t o you because we are in a st at e of Ihram.) This Hadit h was collect ed in t he Two Sahihs. The Prophet t hought t hat As-Sa` b hunt ed t he zebra for him, and t his is why he refused t o t ake it . Ot herwise, t he Muhrim is allowed t o eat from t he game if one who is not in Ihram hunt s it . For when Abu Qat adah hunt ed a zebra when he was not a Muhrim and offered it t o t hose who were in t he st at e of Ihram, t hey hesit at ed t o eat from it . They asked t he Messenger of Allah and he said,

ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ハぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠セぺ∠ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇モワ∠ » «∨ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇わホ∠ (Did any of you point at it or help kill it ) They said, "No.'' He said,

«やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ » (Then eat ,) and he also at e from it . This Hadit h is also in t he Two Sahihs wit h various wordings. Ibn Kat hir only ment ioned Ayat 96 t o 99 here and explained t he bet t er part of Ayah number 96, but he did not ment ion t he explanat ion of t he rest of t hat Ayah or t he ot her Ayat (97 t o 99). This is t he case in all of t he copies of his Tafsir in exist ence, and he might have forgot t en t o do t hat , for it is less likely t hat all who copied t his book forgot t o copy only t his part . So we used a summary of t he Tafsir of t hese Ayat from t he Imam of Tafsir, Ibn Jarir At -Tabari. We t ried t o summarize At -Tabari's eloquent words t o t he best of our abilit y, by Allah's help and leave.

Vラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン͡グャｚや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And have Taqwa of Allah t o Whom you shall be gat hered back. ) Allah says, fear Allah, O people, and beware of His might , by obeying what He commands you and avoiding what He prohibit s for you in t hese Ayat revealed t o your Prophet . These Ayat forbid Khamr, gambling, Al-Ansab and Al-Azlam, along wit h hunt ing land game and killing it while in t he st at e of Ihram. To Allah will be your ret urn and dest inat ion, and He will punish you for disobeying Him and will reward you for obeying Him.

びサ ͡ ゅｚレヤ∂ャ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠Βホ͡ ュ∠ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや る∠ ら∠ ∇バム∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ぴ (Allah has made t he Ka` bah, t he Sacred House, an asylum of securit y and benefit s for mankind,) Allah says, Allah made t he Ka` bah, t he Sacred House, an asylum of safet y for t he people who have no chief t o prevent t he st rong from t ransgressing against t he weak, t he evil from t he good-doers, and t he oppressors from t he oppressed.

び∠ギ͡ゃ⇒∠ヤ∠ボ∇ャや∠ヱ ン ∠ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ュ∠ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (And also t he Sacred Mont h and t he animals of offerings and t he garlanded.) Allah says t hat He made t hese symbols an asylum of safet y for t he people, j ust as He made t he Ka` bah an asylum of safet y for t hem, so t hat He dist inguishes t hem from each ot her, for t his is t heir asylum and symbol for t heir livelihood and religion. Allah made t he Ka` bah, t he Sacred Mont h, t he Hady, t he garlanded animals and people an asylum of safet y for t he Arabs who used t o consider t hese symbols sacred. Thus, t hese symbols were j ust like t he chief who is obeyed by his followers, and who upholds harmony and public safet y. As for t he Ka` bah, it includes t he ent ire sacred boundary. Allah t ermed it "Haram'' because He prohibit ed hunt ing it s game and cut t ing it s t rees or grass. Similarly, t he Ka` bah, t he Sacred Mont h, t he animals of offerings and t he garlands were t he landmarks of exist ing Arabs. These symbols were sacred during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah and t he people's affairs were guided and prot ect ed by t hem. Wit h Islam t hey became t he symbols of t heir Haj j , t heir rit uals, and t he direct ion of t he prayer. i.e., t he Ka` bah in Makkah.

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠わ͡ャ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ (t hat you may know t hat Allah has knowledge of all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h, and t hat Allah is t he All-Knower of each and everyt hing.) Allah says; O people, I made t hese symbols an asylum for you, so t hat you know t hat He Who made t hese symbols t hat benefit your life and provide you wit h securit y, also knows everyt hing in t he heavens and eart h t hat brings about your immediat e or event ual benefit . Know t hat He has perfect knowledge of everyt hing and t hat none of your deeds or affairs ever escapes His observat ion; and He will count t hem for you so t hat He rewards t hose who do good wit h t he same and t hose who do evil in kind.

∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハやぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ (Know t hat Allah is severe in punishment and t hat Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) Allah says, know t hat your Lord, Who has perfect knowledge of what ever is in t he heavens and eart h, and Who is never unaware of your deeds - public or secret - is severe in punishment for t hose who disobey and defy Him. He also pardons t he sins of t hose who obey and repent t o Him, more Merciful t han t o punish t hem for t he sins t hat t hey repent ed from.

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ∠ら∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅｚョぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (The Messenger's dut y is but t o convey. And Allah knows all t hat you reveal and all t hat you conceal.) This is a warning from Allah for His servant s in which He says: Our Messenger, whom We sent t o you, has only t o convey Our Message and t hen t he reward for t he obedience, and punishment for t he disobedience is on Us. The obedience of t hose who accept Our Message never escapes Our knowledge, j ust as in t he case of t hose who disobey and defy Our Message. We know what one of you does, demonst rat es physically, announces, and ut t ers wit h his t ongue, and what you hide in your heart s, be it of fait h, disbelief, cert aint y, doubt or hypocrisy. He Who is so capable, t hen not hing t hat t he heart s conceal, nor any of t he apparent act s of t he souls in t he heavens and eart h could escape His knowledge. In His Hand, alone, is t he reward and punishment , and He is wort hy t o be feared, obeyed and never disobeyed.

マ ∠ ら∠ イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ょ ⊥ Βあ ト ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゑ ⊥ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ヲわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ｚ モ⊥ホぴ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱほ⊥Α ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚゅ∠プ ゑ ͡ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ゲ∠ ∇んミ∠ ￢∠ べ∠Β∇セぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ メ ⊥ ｚゴレ∠ Α⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ぽジ ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ ∇らゎ⊥ ラ͡ま ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ェ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ヘハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ ∇らゎ⊥ ラ ⊥ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ほ∠シ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ び (100. Say: "Not equal are t he bad t hings and t he good t hings, even t hough t he abundance of t he bad may please you. '' So have Taqwa of Allah, O men of underst anding in order t hat you may

be successful.) (101. O you who believe! Ask not about t hings which, if made plain t o you, may cause you t rouble. But if you ask about t hem while t he Qur'an is being revealed, t hey will be made plain t o you. Allah has forgiven t hat , and Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Forbearing.) (102. Before you, a communit y asked such quest ions, t hen on t hat account t hey became disbelievers.) Allah says t o His Messenger ,

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say,) O Muhammad ,

びマ ∠ ら∠ イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ょ ⊥ Βあ ト ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゑ ⊥ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ｚぴ (Not equal are t he bad t hings and t he good t hings, even t hough t hey may please you) O human,

びゑ ͡ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ゲ∠ ∇んミ∠ ぴ (t he abundance of bad.) This Ayah means, t he lit t le permissible is bet t er t han t he abundant evil.

びょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ ∠ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱほ⊥Α ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プぴ (have Taqwa of Allah, O men of underst anding...) who have sound minds, avoid and abandon t he impermissible, and let t he permissible be sufficient for you,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (in order t hat you may be successful.) in t his life and t he Hereaft er. '' So have Taqwa of Allah, O men of underst anding in order t hat you may be successful.) (101. O you who believe! Ask not about t hings which, if made plain t o you, may cause you t rouble. But if you ask about t hem while t he Qur'an is being revealed, t hey will be made plain t o you. Allah has forgiven t hat , and Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Forbearing.) (102. Before you, a communit y asked such quest ions, t hen on t hat account t hey became disbelievers.) Allah says t o His Messenger ,

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say,) O Muhammad ,

びマ ∠ ら∠ イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ょ ⊥ Βあ ト ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゑ ⊥ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ｚぴ

(Not equal are t he bad t hings and t he good t hings, even t hough t hey may please you) O human,

びゑ ͡ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ゲ∠ ∇んミ∠ ぴ (t he abundance of bad.) This Ayah means, t he lit t le permissible is bet t er t han t he abundant evil.

びょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ ∠ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱほ⊥Α ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プぴ (have Taqwa of Allah, O men of underst anding...) who have sound minds, avoid and abandon t he impermissible, and let t he permissible be sufficient for you,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (in order t hat you may be successful.) in t his life and t he Hereaft er.

Unnecessary Questioning is Disapproved of Allah said next ,

ギ∠ ∇らゎ⊥ ラ͡ま ￢∠ べ∠Β∇セぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び∇ユミ⊥ ∇ぽジ ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ (O you who believe! Ask not about t hings which, if made plain t o you, may cause you t rouble.) This Ayah refers t o good conduct t hat Allah is t eaching His believing servant s, by forbidding t hem from asking about useless t hings. Since if t hey get t he answers t hey sought , t hey might be t roublesome for t hem and difficult on t heir ears. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said, "The Messenger of Allah gave a speech unlike anyt hing I heard before. In t his speech, he said,

∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βム∠ ら∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡ヤホ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ムエ ͡ツ ∠ ャ∠ ∩⊥ユヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ヲ∠ャ» «や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ (If you but know what I know, you will laugh lit t le and cry a lot .) The companions of Allah's Messenger covered t heir faces and t he sound of crying was coming out of t heir chest s. A man asked, ` Who is my fat her' The Prophet said, ` So-and-so'. This Ayah was lat er revealed,

び￢∠ べ∠Β∇セぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ

(Ask not about t hings...).'' Muslim, Ahmad, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i recorded t his Hadit h. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Qat adah said about Allah's st at ement ,

ギ∠ ∇らゎ⊥ ラ͡ま ￢∠ べ∠Β∇セぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び∇ユミ⊥ ∇ぽジ ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ (O you who believe! Ask not about t hings which, if made plain t o you, may cause you t rouble.) Anas bin Malik narrat ed t hat once, t he people were quest ioning t he Messenger of Allah unt il t hey made him angry. So he ascended t he Minbar and said,

«ユ⊥ムャ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇レｚΒよ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡ルヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» (You will not ask me about anyt hing t oday but I will explain it t o you.) So t he Companions of t he Messenger of Allah feared t hat it was t he commencement of a moment ous event , and I looked t o my right and left and found only people who covered t heir faces, crying. An argument at ive man who was said t o be t he son of someone ot her t han his t rue fat her asked, "O Allah's Messenger! Who is my fat her The Prophet said, ` Your fat her is Hudhafah.'' ` Umar st ood up (when he saw anger on t he Prophet 's face) and said, "We accept Allah as our Lord, Islam as our religion and Muhammad as our Messenger, I seek refuge wit h Allah from t he evil of t he Fit an (t rials in life and religion).'' The Messenger of Allah said,

∇れケ∠ ヲあ タ ⊥ ∩ぁテホ∠ ͡ュヲ∠Β∇ャゅ∠ミ ゲあ ゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠» «テ͡もゅ∠エ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Α∠ぺ∠ケ ヴｚわェ ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ る⊥ ｚレイ ∠ ャや ヶ͡ャ (I have never wit nessed bot h goodness and evil like I have t oday. Paradise and t he Fire were shown t o me and I saw t hem before t hat wall.) This Hadit h was recorded in t he Two Sahihs from Sa` id. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Some people used t o quest ion t he Messenger of Allah t o mock him. One of t hem would ask, ` Who is my fat her,' while anot her would ask, ` Where is my camel,' when he lost his camel. Allah sent down t his Ayah about t hem,

ギ∠ ∇らゎ⊥ ラ͡ま ￢∠ べ∠Β∇セぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び∇ユミ⊥ ∇ぽジ ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ (O you who believe! Ask not about t hings which, if made plain t o you, may cause you t rouble...).'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Ali said, "When t his Ayah was revealed,

ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ノ∠ ⇒∠トわ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ア ぁェ ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ (And Haj j t o t he House is a dut y t hat mankind owes t o Allah, t hose who can bear t he j ourney.) 3:97 , t hey asked, ` O Allah's Messenger! Is it required every year' He did not answer t hem, and t hey asked again, ` Is it every year' He st ill did not answer t hem, so t hey asked, ` Is it every year' He said,

ゅ∠ヨ∠ャ ∇ろら∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ィ ∠ ヲ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ャ» «ユ⊥わ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや (No, and had I said ` yes', it would have become obligat ed, and had it become obligat ed, you would not be able t o bear it .) Allah sent down,

ギ∠ ∇らゎ⊥ ラ͡ま ￢∠ べ∠Β∇セぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び∇ユミ⊥ ∇ぽジ ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ (O you who believe! Ask not about t hings which, if made plain t o you, may cause you t rouble.).'' At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah also recorded t his Hadit h. The apparent wording of t his Ayah indicat es t hat we are forbidden t o ask about t hings t hat if one has knowledge of, he would be sorry he had asked. Consequent ly, it is bet t er t o avoid such quest ions. rAllah's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ ∇らゎ⊥ ラ ⊥ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ｚゴレ∠ Α⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (But if you ask about t hem while t he Qur'an is being revealed, t hey will be made plain t o you.) means, if you ask about t hings t hat you are prohibit ed from asking about , t hen when t he revelat ion about t hem comes t o t he Messenger , t hey will be made plain for you,

び∀ゲΒ͡ジ∠Α ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Verily! That is easy for Allah.) Allah said next ,

びゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ヘハ ∠ぴ

(Allah has forgiven t hat ,) what you did before t his,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ェ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (and Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Forbearing.) Do not ask about t hings t hat do not have a ruling yet , for because of your quest ions, a difficult ruling may be ordained. A Hadit h st at es,

∇ユャ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ∇リハ ∠ メ ∠ ほ∠シ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ゲィ ⊥ ∠リΒ͡ヨ͡ヤ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヌ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠» «ヮ͡わャ∠ほ∠∇ジョ∠ モ ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ュ∠ ゲあ エ ⊥ プ∠ ∩∇ュゲｚ ∠エΑ⊥ (The worst criminal among t he Muslims is he who asks if a mat t er is unlawful (or not ), and it becomes unlawful because of his asking about it .) It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ∩∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヶ͡ルヱ⊥ケク∠ » «ユ͡ヰも͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ⊥ ゅ∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡や∠ぽシ ⊥ り⊥ ゲ∠ ∇んミ∠ (Leave me as I have left you, t hose before you were dest royed because of many quest ions and disput ing wit h t heir Prophet s.) An aut hent ic Hadit h also st at es,

∩ゅ∠ワヲ⊥バΒあ ツ ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ヂ ∠ も͡ や∠ゲプ∠ チ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ぺ∠» ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠Β∇セぺ∠ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ や⇔キヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ ギｚ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠Β∇セぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ろ ∠ ム∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ムヰ͡ わ∠ ∇レゎ∠ «ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ やヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠Β∇ジル͡ (Allah, t he Most Honored, has ordained some obligat ions, so do not ignore t hem; has set some limit s, so do not t respass t hem; has prohibit ed some t hings, so do not commit t hem; and has left some t hings wit hout rulings, out of mercy for you, not t hat He forgot t hem, so do not ask about t hem.) Allah said next ,

リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ほ∠シ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ び

(Before you, a communit y asked such quest ions, t hen on t hat account t hey became disbelievers.) meaning, some people before your t ime asked such quest ions and t hey were given answers. They did not believe t he answers, so t hey became disbelievers because of t hat . This occurred because t hese rulings were made plain t o t hem, yet t hey did not benefit at all from t hat , for t hey asked about t hese t hings not t o gain guidance, but only t o mock and defy.

る∃ ヤ∠Β͡タヱ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ ら∠ も͡ べ∠シ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ Β͡エよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ュ∃ ゅ∠ェ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや∠￢ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ル￢∠ ゅ∠よや∠￢ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ (103. Allah has not inst it ut ed t hings like Bahirah or a Sa'ibah or a Wasilah or a Ham. But t hose who disbelieve invent lies against Allah, and most of t hem have no underst anding.) (104. And when it is said t o t hem: "Come t o what Allah has revealed and unt o t he Messenger.'' They say: "Enough for us is t hat which we found our fat hers following,'' even t hough t heir fat hers had no knowledge what soever and no guidance.)

The Meaning of Bahirah, Sa'ibah, Wasilah and Ham Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib said, "The Bahirah is a female camel whose milk was spared for t he idols and no one was allowed t o milk it . The Sa'ibah is a female camel let loose for free past ure for t he idols, and not hing was allowed t o be carried on it . Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヮ⊥ ら∠ ∇ダホ⊥ ぁゲイ ⊥ Α∠ ヶ ｚハ ͡ や∠ゴガ ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ∃ ョ͡ ゅ∠ハ リ ∠ ∇よ ヱ∠ゲ∇ヨハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ » «ょ͡もや∠ヲジ ｚ ャや ょ ∠ Βｚ シ ∠ ∇リョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ (I saw ` Amr bin ` Amir Al-Khuza` i pulling his int est ines behind him in t he Fire, and he was t he first t o st art t he pract ice of Sa'ibah.) As for t he Wasilah, it is a female camel set free for t he idols, because it had given birt h t o a she-camel in it s first delivery and t hen anot her she-camel at it s second delivery. They used t o set such camel free if she gave birt h t o t wo females wit hout a male bet ween t hem. As for t he Ham, it is a male camel which would be freed from work for t he idols, aft er it had finished a number of copulat ions assigned for it . The male camel freed from work in t his case is called a Hami.'' Muslim and An-Nasa'i recorded t his Hadit h. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said t hat t he Prophet said,

ヲ⊥よぺ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠レ∇タほ∠∇ャや ギ∠ ら∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∠ も͡ や∠ヲジ ｚ ャや ょ ∠ Βｚ シ ∠ ∇リョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ぁゲイ ⊥ Α∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ ∩∃ゲョ͡ ゅ∠ハ リ ⊥ ∇よ ヱ⊥ゲ∇ヨハ ∠ る∠ ハ ∠ や∠ゴカ ⊥ «ケゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ロ⊥ ∠￢ゅ∠バ∇ョ∠ぺ (The first t o st art t he pract ice of Sa'ibah and worshipping idols was Abu Khuza` ah, ` Amr bin ` Amir. I saw him pulling his int est ines behind him in t he Fire.) The ` Amr ment ioned in t he above Hadit h is t he son of Luhay bin Qam` ah, one of t he chiefs of t he t ribe of Khuza` ah who were t he caret akers of t he House of Allah aft er t he t ribe of Jurhum, (and before t he Prophet 's t ribe, Quraysh). He was t he first t o change t he religion of Ibrahim (Al-Khalil in Makkah) bringing idol worshipping t o t he area of Hij az (West ern Arabia). He also called t he foolish people t o worship idols and offer sacrifices t o t hem and st art ed t hese ignorant rit uals concerning t he animals as well as ot her rit uals of Jahiliyyah. Allah said in Surat Al-An` am,

ュ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゐ ͡ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぺ∠ケ∠ ク∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ (And t hey assign t o Allah a share of t he t ilt h and cat t le which He has creat ed...) 3:136 . As for t he Bahirah, ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "It is t he female camel t hat has given delivery five t imes. Aft er t hat , t hey looked at t he fift h delivery, if it were a male, t hey would slaught er it and give it t o t he men only and not t he women. If it were a female, t hey would cut off it s ears and proclaim, ` This is a Bahirah (no one is allowed t o milk it ).''' As-Suddi and ot hers ment ioned a similar st at ement . As for t he Sa'ibah, Muj ahid said t hat it is for sheep, and ment ioned a similar meaning as for Bahirah. He said t hat it delivers six females and t hen a male, female or t wo males, and t hat t hey t hen would slaught er it (t he newly born sheep) and feed it s meat t o t he men, but not t o t he woman. Muhammad bin Ishaq said t hat t he Sa'ibah is t he female camel t hat delivers t en females, wit hout giving birt h t o a single male bet ween t hem. They would t hen set it free and no one was allowed t o ride it , cut it s wool or milk it , except for a guest . Abu Rawq said, "The Sa'ibah was made as such when one goes out for some of his affairs and succeeds in what ever he int ended t o do. So he would designat e a Sa'ibah from his propert y, a female camel or anot her t ype, and would set it free for t he idols (in appreciat ion for his success). Then, what ever t his camel gave birt h t o was set free for t he idols t oo.'' As-Suddi said, "When one's affair was successful, or if he was cured from an illness, or if his wealt h increased, he would set some of his wealt h free for t he idols. Those who would t ry t o acquire any of t he Sa'ibah propert y were punished in t his world.'' As for t he Wasilah, ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "It is t he sheep t hat gives birt h seven t imes, if she gives birt h t o a male or a female st illborn at it s sevent h delivery, t he men, but not t he women, would eat from it . If she gave birt h t o a female, or a female and a male, t hey would set t hem free, proclaiming (about t he male in t his case), His sist er Wasalat (lit erally, ` connect ed him t o being forbidden on us').'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t his st at ement . ` Abdur-Razzaq narrat ed t hat Ma` mar said t hat Az-Zuhri said t hat Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib said t hat ,

びる∃ ヤ∠Β͡タヱ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(Or a Wasilah) "It is t he female camel t hat gives delivery t o a female and t hen anot her female at it s second delivery. They would call such a camel a Wasilah, proclaiming t hat she has Wasalat (connect ed) bet ween t wo females wit hout giving birt h t o a male bet ween t hem. So t hey used t o cut off t he ears of t he Wasilah and let it roam free t o past ure for t heir idols.'' A similar explanat ion was report ed from Imam Malik bin Anas. Muhammad bin Ishaq said, "The Wasilah sheep is t he ewe t hat gives birt h t o t en females in five deliveries, giving birt h t o t wo females at each delivery. This sheep would be called Wasilah and would be set free. What ever t his sheep delivers aft erwards, male or female, would be given t o t he men, but not t he women, but if it delivers a st illborn, men and women would share it !'' As for t he Ham, Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "If a man's camel performs t en copulat ions, t hey would call him a Ham, ` So set him free.,'' Similar was report ed from Abu Rawq and Qat adah. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Ham is t he male camel whose offspring gave birt h t o t heir own offspring; t hey would t hen proclaim, ` This camel has Hama (prot ect ed) it s back.' Therefore, t hey would not carry anyt hing on t his male camel, cut his wool, prevent him from grazing wherever he likes or drinking from any pool, even if t he pool did not belong t o it s owner.'' Ibn Wahb said, "I heard Malik saying, ` As for t he Ham, it is t he male camel who is assigned a cert ain number of copulat ions, and when having finished what was assigned t o him, would have peacock feat hers placed on him and be set free.''' Ot her opinions were also ment ioned t o explain t his Ayah. There is a Hadit h on t his subj ect t hat Ibn Abi Hat im collect ed from Abu Ishaq As-Subay` i from Al-Ahwas Al-Jushami from his fat her Malik bin Nadlah who said, "I came t o t he Prophet wearing old clot hes. So he said t o me,

«∨∃メゅ∠ョ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ∇モワ∠ » (Do you have any propert y) I said, ` Yes.' He asked,

«∨͡メゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ヵ あ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ » (What t ype) I said, ` All t ypes; camels, sheep, horses and slaves.' He said,

«マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゲ∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ゅ⇔ャゅ∠ョ ぶ ⊥ やポ ∠ ゅ∠ゎへ や∠クみ͡プ∠ » (If Allah gives you wealt h, t hen let it show on you.) He t hen asked,

«∨ゅ∠ヰル⊥ や∠クへ る⇔ Β∠ プ͡ や∠ヱ マ ∠ ヤ⊥よ͡ ま͡ ア ⊥ わ͡ ∇レゎ⊥ » (Do your camels deliver calves t hat have full ears) I said, ` Yes, and do camels give birt h but t o whole calves' He said,

ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ る∃ ヘ∠ も͡ ゅ∠デ ラ ∠ や∠クへ ノ∠ ト ∠ ∇ボわ∠ プ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨ∇ャや グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ マ ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ » ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ る∃ ヘ∠ も͡ ゅ∠デ ラ ∠ や∠クへ ｚペゼ ⊥ ゎ∠ ∩∀りゲ∠Βエ ͡ よ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ :メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ヱ∠ «ュあゲェ ⊥ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ :メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ヱ∠ (Do you t ake t he knife and cut off t he ears of some of t hem saying, ` This is a Bahirah,' and t ear t he ears of some of t hem and proclaim, ` This is Sacred') I said, ` Yes.' He said,

«モ͡ェ マ ∠ ャ∠ ぶ ⊥ やポ ∠ ゅ∠ゎへ ゅ∠ョ ｚモミ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ » (Then do not do t hat , for all t he wealt h t hat Allah has given you is allowed for you.) Then he said;

る∃ ヤ∠Β͡タヱ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ ら∠ も͡ べ∠シ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ Β͡エよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ びュ∃ ゅ∠ェ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ (Allah has not inst it ut ed t hings like Bahirah or a Sa'ibah or a Wasilah or a Ham. ) As for t he Bahirah, it is t he animal whose ears were cut , one would not allow his wife, daught ers, or any of his household t o benefit from it s wool, hair or milk. But , if it died, t hey would share it . As for t he Sa'ibah, t hey used t o set it free for t heir idols and announce t his fact in t he vicinit y of t he idols. As for t he Wasilah, it is t he sheep t hat gives birt h t o six offspring. When she delivered for t he sevent h t ime, t hey would cut it s ears and horns, saying, ` It has Wasalat (connect ed deliveries),' and t hey would not slaught er it , hit it or prevent it from drinking from any pool.'' This Hadit h was narrat ed wit h t he addit ion of t he explanat ion of t hese words in it . In anot her narrat ion for t his Hadit h from Abu Ishaq from Abu Al-Ahwas, ` Awf bin Malik used his own words (i.e., he explained t hese words not as a part of t he Hadit h it self) and t his is more sound. Imam Ahmad recorded t his Hadit h from Sufyan bin ` Uyaynah, from Abu Az-Za` ra' ` Amr bin ` Amr, from his uncle Abu Al-Ahwas ` Awf bin Malik bin Nadlah from his fat her, Malik bin Nadlah. This narrat ion also does not cont ain t he explanat ion of Bahirah, Ham et c., t hat is added t o t he Hadit h above, and Allah knows best . Allah's st at ement ,

ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ (But t hose who disbelieve invent lies against Allah, and most of t hem have no underst anding.) means, Allah did not legislat e t hese invent ed rit uals and He does not consider t hem act s of obedience. Rat her, it is t he idolat ors who made t hem int o rit uals and act s of worship t hat t hey used t o draw near t o Allah. But t hey did not and will not help t hem t o draw near t o Him, rat her, t hese innovat ions will only harm t hem.

ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びべ∠ル￢∠ ゅ∠よや∠￢ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや (And when it is said t o t hem: "Come t o what Allah has revealed and t o t he Messenger.'' They say: "Enough for us is t hat which we found our fat hers following,'') imeaning, if t hey are called t o Allah's religion, Law and commandment s and t o avoiding what He prohibit ed, t hey say, ` The ways and pract ices t hat we found our fat hers and forefat hers following are good enough for us. ` Allah said,

びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや∠￢ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (even t hough t heir fat hers had no knowledge what soever...) That is, even t hough t heir fat hers did not underst and or recognize t he t rut h or find it s way. Therefore, who would follow t heir forefat hers, except t hose who are even more ignorant and misguided t han t hey were

リｚョ ∇ユミ⊥ ぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらレ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αギ∠ わ∠ ∇ワや や∠クま͡ モ ｚッ ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ (105. O you who believe! Take care of yourselves. If you follow t he right guidance, no hurt can come t o you from t hose who are in error. The ret urn of you all is t o Allah, t hen He will inform you about (all) t hat you used t o do.)

One is Required to Reform Himself First Allah commands His believing servant s t o reform t hemselves and t o do as many right eous deeds as possible. He also informs t hem t hat whoever reforms himself, he would not be affect ed by t he wickedness of t he wicked, whet her t hey were his relat ives or ot herwise. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Qays said, "Abu Bakr As-Siddiq st ood up, t hanked Allah and praised Him and t hen said, ` O people! You read t his Ayah,

リｚョ ∇ユミ⊥ ぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αギ∠ わ∠ ∇ワや や∠クま͡ モ ｚッ ∠ (O you who believe! Take care of yourselves. If you follow t he right guidance, no hurt can come t o you from t hose who are in error.) You explain it t he wrong way. I heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

マ ⊥セ ͡ ヲ⊥Α ∩⊥ヮル∠ ヱ⊥ゲあΒピ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゲ∠ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや や⊥ヱぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ｚ ま͡» «ヮ͡よゅ∠ボバ͡ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ｚヨバ⊥ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や (If t he people wit ness evil and do not change it , t hen Allah is about t o send His punishment t o encompass t hem.) I (Qays) also heard Abu Bakr say, ` O people! Beware of lying, for lying cont radict s fait h.'''

ゲ∠ ツ ∠ ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ∇Βよ∠ り⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰセ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒͡Αぴ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ メ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ や∠ヱク∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇をや る͡ Βｚ タ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ Β͡ェ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇よゲ∠ ッ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ͡ や∠ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ジら͡ ∇エゎ∠ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや る⊥ ら∠ Βダ ͡ ョぁ ユ⊥ム∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タほ∠プ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らゎ∠ ∇ケや ラ ͡ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ͡ラゅ∠ヨ͡ジ∇ボΒ⊥ ∠プ り͡ ヲヤｚダャや ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠よ∇ゲホ⊥ や∠ク ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ヨを∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ン͡ゲわ∠ ∇ゼル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ∠ ん͡ ハ ⊥ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨを͡ Ι ｘやリ ∠ ヨ͡ ャｚ や⇔ク∠ ま͡ べｚル͡ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャや り∠ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰセ ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∠ョゅ∠ボ∠ョ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ョヲ⊥ボΑ͡ ラ ͡ や∠ゲカ ∠ べ∠プ ゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ べｚボエ ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ͡ラゅ∠ヨ͡ジ∇ボΒ⊥ ∠プ ラ ͡ ゅ∠Βャ∠∇ヱΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ わ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや や⇔ク͡ま ゅｚル͡ま べ∠レ∇Α∠ギ∠わ∇ハや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ゎ͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰセ ∠ リ͡ョ ペ ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠レゎ⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ∠ ャ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ り͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャｚ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∀リ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ｚキゲ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ⇒∠ガΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヰ͡ヰ∇ィ∠ヱ ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ びリ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや

(106. O you who believe! When deat h approaches any of you, and you make a bequest , t hen t ake t he t est imony of t wo j ust men of your own folk or t wo ot hers from out side, if you are t raveling t hrough t he land and t he calamit y of deat h befalls you. Det ain t hem bot h aft er t he Salah (t he prayer), (t hen) if you are in doubt (about t heir t rut hfulness), let t hem bot h swear by Allah (saying): "We wish not for any worldly gain in t his, even t hough he (t he beneficiary) be our near relat ive. We shall not hide t he t est imony of Allah, for t hen indeed we should be of t he sinful.'') (107. If it t hen becomes known t hat t hese t wo had been guilt y of sin, let t wo ot hers st and fort h in t heir places, nearest in kin from among t hose who claim a lawful right . Let t hem swear by Allah (saying): "We affirm t hat our t est imony is t ruer t han t hat of bot h of t hem, and t hat we have not t respassed (t he t rut h), for t hen indeed we should be of t he wrongdoers.'') (108. That should make it closer (t o t he fact ) t hat t heir t est imony would be in it s t rue nat ure and shape, or else t hey would fear t hat (ot her) oat hs would be admit t ed aft er t heir oat hs. And have Taqwa of Allah and list en (wit h obedience t o Him). And Allah guides not t he rebellious people.)

Testimony of Two Just Witnesses for the Final Will and Testament This honorable Ayah cont ains a glorious ruling from Allah. Allah's st at ement ,

ゲ∠ ツ ∠ ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ∇Βよ∠ り⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰセ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒͡Αぴ びラ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇をや る͡ Βｚ タ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ Β͡ェ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ (O you who believe! When deat h approaches any of you, and you make a bequest , t hen t ake t he t est imony of t wo...) meaning t hat t here should be t wo wit nesses in such cases,

びメ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ や∠ヱク∠ ぴ (j ust men...) t hus, describing t hem as j ust ,

び∇ユム⊥ レあョぴ (of your own folk) Muslims.

び∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ͡ や∠ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or t wo ot hers from out side) non-Muslims, meaning t he People of t he Book, according t o Ibn ` Abbas as Ibn Abi Hat im recorded. Allah said next ,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇よゲ∠ ッ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ぴ (if you are t raveling t hrough t he land) on a j ourney,

びれ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや る⊥ ら∠ Β͡ダョぁ ユ⊥ム∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タほ∠プ∠ ぴ (and t he calamit y of deat h befalls you.) These are t wo condit ions t hat permit using nonMuslims from among t he Dhimmis for wit nesses when t here are no Muslims present : When one is t raveling and needs t o writ e a will, as Sharih Al-Qadi said. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Sharih said, "The wit ness of t he Jews and Christ ians is not allowed except while t raveling, and even t hen only t o wit ness t he dict at ion of t he will.'' Allah's st at ement ,

びり͡ ヲヤｚダャや ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∠ルヲ⊥ジ͡ら∇エ∠ゎぴ (Det ain t hem bot h aft er t he Salah (t he prayer),) refers t o t he ` Asr prayer, according t o Al` Awfi who report ed it from Ibn ` Abbas. This is t he same explanat ion report ed from Sa` id bin Jubayr, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Qat adah, ` Ikrimah and Muhammad bin Sirin. As for Az-Zuhri, he said t hat t hey are det ained aft er Muslim prayer (i.e., in congregat ion). Therefore, t hese t wo wit nesses will be det ained aft er a congregat ional prayer,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇らゎ∠ ∇ケや ラ ͡ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ͡ ∇ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (let t hem bot h swear by Allah if you are in doubt .) meaning, if you are in doubt t hat t hey might have commit t ed t reachery or t heft , t hen t hey should swear by Allah,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ン͡ゲわ∠ ∇ゼル∠ Ι ∠ぴ (We wish not in t his) in our vows, according t o Muqat il bin Hayyan,

びゅ⇔レ∠ヨを∠ ぴ (for any worldly gain) of t his soon t o end life,

びヴ∠よ∇ゲホ⊥ や∠ク ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (even t hough he be our near relat ive.) meaning, if t he beneficiary be our near relat ive, we will st ill not compromise on t he t rut h.

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや り∠ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰセ ∠ ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (We shall not hide t he t est imony of Allah,) t hus st at ing t hat t he t est imony is Allah's, as a way of respect ing it and valuing it s significance,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨを͡ Ι ｘやリ ∠ ヨ͡ ャｚ や⇔ク∠ ま͡ べｚル͡まぴ (for t hen indeed we should be of t he sinful.) if we dist ort t he t est imony, change, alt er or hide it ent irely. Allah said next ,

びゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ べｚボエ ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ∠ ん͡ ハ ⊥ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ぴ (If it t hen becomes known t hat t hese t wo had been guilt y of sin...) if t he t wo wit nesses were found t o have cheat ed or st olen from t he money t hat t he will is being writ t en about ,

ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ わ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∠ョゅ∠ボ∠ョ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ョヲ⊥ボΑ͡ ぴ びラ ͡ ゅ∠Βャ∠∇ヱΙ ｘや (let t wo ot hers st and fort h in t heir places, nearest in kin from among t hose who claim a lawful right .) This Ayah indicat es t hat if t he t wo wit nesses were found t o have commit t ed t reachery, t hen t wo of t he nearest right ful inherit ors should st and for wit ness in t heir place,

びゅ∠ヨ͡ヰ͡ゎ∠ギ⇒∠ヰ∠セ リ͡ョ ペ ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠レゎ⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ͡ ∇ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (Let t hem swear by Allah (saying): "We affirm t hat our t est imony is t ruer t han t hat of bot h of t hem...'') Meaning, our t est imony t hat t hey have cheat ed is more t rut hful t han t he t est imony t hat t hey have offered,

びべ∠レ∇Α∠ギ∠わ∇ハや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat we have not t respassed (t he t rut h),) when we accused t hem of t reachery,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャｚ や⇔ク͡ま ゅｚル͡まぴ (for t hen indeed we should be of t he wrongdoers.) if we had lied about t hem. This is t he oat h of t he heirs, and preference is t o be given t o t heir saying. Just as in t he case wit h t he oat h of relat ive of a murdered person if he at t empt s t o t arnish t he case of t he murdered person. So his family t akes an oat h in defense of his honor. This is discussed in t he st udies of t he oat hs in t he books of Ahkam. Allah's st at ement ,

びべ∠ヰ͡ヰ∇ィ∠ヱ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ り͡ ∠ギ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ

(That should make it closer (t o t he fact ) t hat t heir t est imony would be in it s t rue nat ure and shape (and t hus accept ed),) means, t he ruling requiring t he t wo Dhimmi wit nesses t o swear, if t here is a doubt t hat t hey were not t rut hful, might compel t hem t o admit t o t he t est imony in it s t rue form. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∀リ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ｚキゲ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ⇒∠ガΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or else t hey would fear t hat (ot her) oat hs would be admit t ed aft er t heir oat hs.) means, requiring t hem t o swear by Allah might encourage t hem t o admit t o t he t rue t est imony because t hey respect swearing by Allah and t hey glorify and revere Him. They also fear exposure if t he heirs of t he deceased are required t o swear inst ead of t hem. In t his case, t he heirs would swear and earn t he right ful inherit ance t hat t he t wo wit nesses failed t o declare. This is why Allah said,

び∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∀リ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ｚキゲ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ⇒∠ガΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or else t hey would fear t hat (ot her) oat hs would be admit t ed aft er t heir oat hs.), t hen,

びヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And have Taqwa of Allah) in all of your affairs,

び∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ (and list en.) and obey,

びリ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah guides not t he rebellious people.) who do not obey Him or follow His Law.

Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らィ ͡ ぺ⊥ へ∠クゅ∠ョ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ モ ∠シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ びゆ ͡ ヲ⊥Βピ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ⇒ｚヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ べ∠レ∠ャ ユ∠ ∇ヤハ ͡ (109. On t he Day when Allah will gat her t he Messengers t oget her and say t o t hem: "What was t he response you received (from men t o your t eaching)'' They will say: "We have no knowledge, verily, only You are t he Knower of all t hat is hidden.'')

The Messengers Will be Asked About Their Nations

Allah st at es t hat on t he Day of Resurrect ion, He will ask t he Messengers about how t heir nat ions, t o whom He sent t hem, answered and responded t o t heir t eachings. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ｚ ヤ∠⇒∠∇ジレ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ヤ∠⇒∠∇ジレ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then surely, We shall quest ion t hose (people) t o whom it (t he Book) was sent and verily, We shall quest ion t he Messengers.) 7:6 , and,

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚヨハ ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ヤ∠⇒∠∇ジレ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, by your Lord, We shall cert ainly call all of t hem t o account . For all t hat t hey used t o do.) 15:92-93 . The st at ement of t he Messengers here,

びべ∠レ∠ャ ユ∠ ∇ヤハ ͡ Ι ∠ぴ (We have no knowledge) is t he result of t he horror of t hat Day, according t o Muj ahid, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and As-Suddi. ` Abdur-Razzaq narrat ed t hat At h-Thawri said t hat Al-A` mash said t hat Muj ahid said about t he Ayah,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇らィ ͡ ぺ⊥ へ∠クゅ∠ョ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ モ ∠シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day when Allah will gat her t he Messengers t oget her and say t o t hem: "What was t he response you received'') They will become afraid and reply,

びべ∠レ∠ャ ユ∠ ∇ヤハ ͡ Ι ∠ぴ (We have no knowledge. ..) Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hat im also recorded t his explanat ion. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah,

Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らィ ͡ ぺ⊥ へ∠クゅ∠ョ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ モ ∠シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ びゆ ͡ ヲ⊥Βピ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ⇒ｚヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ べ∠レ∠ャ ユ∠ ∇ヤハ ͡ (On t he Day when Allah will gat her t he Messengers t oget her and say t o t hem: "What was t he response you received (from men t o your t eaching)'' They will say: "We have no knowledge, verily, only You are t he Knower of all t hat is hidden.'') "They will say t o t he Lord, Most Honored, ` We have no knowledge beyond what we know, and even t hat , You have more knowledge of t hem t han us.'' This response is out of respect before t he Lord, Most Honored, and it means, we have no knowledge compared t o Your encompassing knowledge. Therefore,

our knowledge only grasped t he visible behavior of t hese people, not t he secret s of t heir heart s. You are t he Knower of everyt hing, Who has encompassing knowledge of all t hings, and our knowledge compared t o Your knowledge is similar t o not having any knowledge at all, for

びゆ ͡ ヲ⊥Βピ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ⇒ｚヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺぴ (only You are t he Knower of all t hat is hidden.)

マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ͡わヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クや ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡バΑ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ あヤム∠ ゎ⊥ サ ͡ ギ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ャや ゥ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲよ͡ マ ∠ ゎぁ ギｚΑぺ∠ ∇クま͡ マ ∠ ゎ͡ ギ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ヨヤｚハ ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ ∇ヰミ∠ ヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ る͡ ゃ∠ ∇Βヰ∠ ミ∠ リ ͡ Βあトャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガゎ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱ り∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや∠ヱ ヴ͡ル∇クみ͡よ͡ や⇔ゲ∇Βデ ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ オ ⊥ ヘ⊥ レ∠わプ∠ ヴ͡ル∇クみ͡よ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βト ｚ ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ル∇クみ͡よ͡ ソ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇よΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ミΙ ｘ や ￢⊥ ン͡ゲ∇らゎ⊥ ∠ヱ ∇クま͡ マ ∠ レ∠ハ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヘヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ル∇ク͡み͡よ ヴ∠ゎヲ∠ヨ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ラぺ∠ リ ∠ ΒあΑケ͡ や∠ヲエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠レルｚ ∠ほ͡よ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヴ͡ャヲ⊥シゲ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ヴ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ (110. (Remember) when Allah will say (on t he Day of Resurrect ion): "O ` Isa, son of Maryam! Remember My favor t o you and t o your mot her when I support ed you wit h Ruh - il-Qudus Jibril so t hat you spoke t o t he people in t he cradle and in mat urit y; and when I t aught you t he Book, t he Hikmah, t he Tawrah and t he Inj il; and when you made out of t he clay, as it were, t he figure of a bird, by My permission, and you breat hed int o it , and it became a bird by My permission, and you healed t hose born blind, and t he lepers by My permission, and when you brought fort h t he dead by My permission; and when I rest rained t he Children of Israel from you since you came unt o t hem wit h clear proofs, and t he disbelievers among t hem said: ` This is not hing but evident magic.''') (111. "And when I Awhayt u put in t he heart s of Al- Hawariyyin t o believe in Me and My Messenger, t hey said: ` We believe. And bear wit ness t hat we are Muslims.''')

Reminding ` Isa of the Favors that Allah Granted him Allah ment ions how He blessed His servant and Messenger, ` Isa, son of Maryam, and t he miracles and ext raordinary act s He grant ed him. Allah said,

びマ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ͡わヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クやぴ (Remember My favor t o you) when I creat ed you from your mot her, wit hout male int ervent ion, and made you a sign and clear proof of My perfect power over all t hings. d

びマ ∠ ゎ͡ ギ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (And t o your mot her) when I made you t est ify t o her chast it y and you t hus absolved her from t he sin t hat t he unj ust , ignorant liars accused her of,

びサ ͡ ギ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ャや ゥ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲよ͡ マ ∠ ゎぁ ギｚΑぺ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ (when I support ed you wit h Ruh - il-Qudus) t he angel Jibril, and made you a Prophet , calling t o Allah in t he cradle and manhood. I made you speak in t he cradle, and you t est ified t hat your mot her was free from any immoral behavior, and you proclaimed t hat you worship Me. You also conveyed t he news of My Message and invit ed t hem t o worship Me.

びΚ ⇔ ∇ヰミ∠ ヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ あヤム∠ ゎ⊥ ぴ (so t hat you spoke t o t he people in t he cradle and in mat urit y;) Meaning you called t he people t o Allah in childhood and in mat urit y. And t he word Tukallim means invit ed, because his speaking t o people while a child is not hing st range by it self. Allah's st at ement ,

びる∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ヨヤｚハ ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when I t aught you t he Book and t he Hikmah,) t he power of writ ing and underst anding,

びり∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (and t he Tawrah,) which was revealed t o Musa, son of ` Imran, who spoke t o Allah direct ly. Allah's st at ement ,

びヴ͡ル∇ク͡み͡よ ゲ͡ ∇Βト ｚ ャや る͡ ゃ∠ ∇Βヰ∠ ミ∠ リ ͡ Βあトャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガゎ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and when you made out of t he clay, as it were, t he figure of a bird, by My permission,) means: ` you shaped it in t he figure of a bird by My permission, and it became a bird wit h My permission, aft er you blew int o it '. Then, it became a flying bird wit h a soul by Allah's permission. Allah said;

びヴ͡ル∇ク͡み͡よ ソ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇よΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ミΙ ｘ や ￢⊥ ン͡ゲ∇らゎ⊥ ∠ヱぴ (and you healed t hose born blind, and t he lepers by My permission,) This was explained before in Surah Al ` Imran (chapt er 3) and we do not need t o repeat it here. Allah's st at ement ,

びヴ͡ル∇ク͡み͡よ ヴ∠ゎヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when you brought fort h t he dead by My permission,) meaning, you called t hem and t hey rose from t heir graves by Allah's leave, power, lnt ent and will. Allah said next ,

ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇クま͡ マ ∠ レ∠ハ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヘヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ Ι ｚ ま͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ (and when I rest rained t he Children of Israel from you since you came unt o t hem wit h clear proofs, and t he disbelievers among t hem said: "This is not hing but evident magic.'') Meaning: ` remember My favor, when I st opped t he Children of Israel from harming you, when you brought t hem t he clear proofs and evidence, t est ifying t o your prophet hood and Message from Me t o t hem. They rej ect ed you and accused you of being a magician and t ried t o kill you by crucifixion, but I saved you, raised you t o Me, purified you from t heir vulgarit y and prot ect ed you from t heir harm.' The wording of t his Ayah indicat es t hat ` Isa will be reminded of t hese favors on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Allah used t he past t ense in t hese Ayat indicat ing t hat it is a forgone mat t er t hat will cert ainly occur. This Ayah also cont ains some of t he secret s of t he Unseen t hat Allah revealed t o His Messenger Muhammad . Allah said,

ヴ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ∇ラぺ∠ リ ∠ ΒあΑケ͡ や∠ヲエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びヴ͡ャヲ⊥シゲ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ (And when I (Allah) Awhayt u Al-Hawariyyin t o believe in Me and My Messenger.) This is also a reminder of Allah's favor on ` Isa, by making discples and companions for him. It is also said t hat Awhayt u in t he Ayah means, ` inspired', j ust as in anot her Ayah, Allah said;

びヮ͡ Β͡バッ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ あュぺ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Β∠ェ∇ヱ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (And We inspired t he mot her of Musa (saying): Suckle him...) 28:7 . Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

メ ͡ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ン͡グガ ͡ ゎｚ や ラ ͡ ぺ∠ モ ͡ ∇エレｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヴ∠ェ∇ヱ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥セゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱ ゲ͡ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥Βよ⊥ マ ͡ よあ ケ∠ モ ∠ ら⊥ シ ⊥ ヴ͡ムヤ⊥∇シゅ∠プ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ んｚ ャや あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ヴ͡ヤミ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ びΚ ⇔ ャ⊥ク⊥ (And your Lord Awha (inspired) t he bee, saying: "Take habit at ions in t he mount ains and in t he t rees and in what t hey erect . Then, eat of all fruit s, and follow t he ways of your Lord made easy (for you).'') 16:68-69 Al-Hasan Al-Basri comment ed about t he Hawariyyun, "Allah inspired t hem'', while As-Suddi said, "` He put in t heir heart s,'' and t he Hawariyyun said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅ∠レルｚ ∠ほ͡よ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ぴ (We believe. And bear wit ness t hat we are Muslims.)

∇モワ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡バΑ ラ ∠ ヲぁΑケ͡ や∠ヲエ ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ り⇔ ギ∠ も͡ べ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴあ レ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲル⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ホギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ラ∠ぺ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ ｚ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ ミ⊥ ∇ほルｚ リ ⊥ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒ｚゼャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムル∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ り⇔ ギ∠ も͡ べ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇メゴ͡ ル∠ぺ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ マ ∠ ∇レョあ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ カ ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ ゅ∠レャ͡ヱｚ Ι ６ や⇔ギΒ͡ハ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠

ヴあルま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡ホコ͡ やｚゲャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ホコ⊥ ∇ケや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ あグハ ∠ ぺ⊥ ヴあルみ͡プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ギ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ⊥ゴあ レ∠ ョ⊥ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ あグハ ∠ ぺ⊥ Ι ｚ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ (112. (Remember) when Al-Hawariyun said: "O ` Isa, son of Maryam! Can your Lord send down t o us a Ma'idah from heaven'' ` Isa said: "Have Taqwa of Allah, if you are indeed believers.'') (113. They said: "We wish t o eat t hereof and t o be st ronger in fait h, and t o know t hat you have indeed t old us t he t rut h and t hat we ourselves be it s wit nesses. '') (114. ` Isa, son of Maryam, said: "O Allah, our Lord! Send us from heaven a t able spread (wit h food) t hat t here may be for us -- for t he first and t he last of us -- a fest ival and a sign from You; and provide us sust enance, for You are t he Best of sust ainers.'') (115. Allah said: "I am going t o send it down unt o you, but if any of you aft er t hat disbelieves, t hen I will punish him wit h a t orment such as I have not inflict ed on anyone among t he ` Alamin.'')

Sending Down the Ma'idah This is t he st ory of t he Ma'idah, t he name of which t his Surah bears, Surat Al-Ma'idah. This is also among t he favors t hat Allah grant ed His servant and Messenger, ` Isa, accept ing his request t o send t he Ma'idah down, and doing so as clear proof and unequivocal evidence. Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲぁΑケ͡ や∠ヲエ ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ ((Remember) when Al-Hawaryun said...) t he disciples of ` Isa said,

びマ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇モワ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡バΑぴ び͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ り⇔ ギ∠ も͡ べ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴあ レ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺぴ (O ` Isa, son of Maryam! Can your Lord send down t o us a Ma'idah from heaven) The Ma'idah is t he t able t hat has food on it . Some scholars said t hat t he disciples request ed t his t able because t hey were poor and deprived. So t hey asked ` Isa t o supplicat e t o Allah t o send a t able of food down t o t hem t hat t hey could eat from every day and t hus be more able t o perform t he act s of worship.

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (` Isa said: "Have Taqwa of Allah, if you are indeed believers.'') ` Isa answered t hem by saying, ` Have Taqwa of Allah! And do not ask for t his, for it may become a t rial for you, but t rust in Allah for your provisions, if you are t ruly believers. '

びゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ ミ⊥ ∇ほルｚ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲル⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "We wish t o eat t hereof.'') we need t o eat from it ,

びゅ∠レよ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ ｚ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t o be st ronger in fait h,) when we wit ness it descending from heaven as sust enance for us,

びゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ホギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ラ∠ぺ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t o know t hat you have indeed t old us t he t rut h,) of your Message and our fait h in you increases and also our knowledge,

びリ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒ｚゼャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat we ourselves be it s wit nesses.) t est ifying t hat it is a sign from Allah, as proof and evidence t hat you are a Prophet , and at t est ing t o t he t rut h of what you brought us,

ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇メゴ͡ ル∠ぺ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びゅ∠ルゲ͡ カ ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ ゅ∠レャ͡ヱｚ Ι ６ や⇔ギΒ͡ハ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ り⇔ ギ∠ も͡ べ∠ョ (` Isa, son of Maryam, said: "O Allah, our Lord! Send us from heaven a t able spread (wit h food) t hat t here may be for us -- for t he first and t he last of us -- a fest ival...'') As-Suddi comment ed t hat t he Ayah means, "We will t ake t hat day on which t he t able was sent down as a day of celebrat ion, t hat we and t hose who come aft er us would consider sacred.'' Sufyan At h-Thawri said t hat it means, "A day of prayer.''

びマ ∠ ∇レョあ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (and a sign from You. ) proving t hat You are able t o do all t hings and t o accept my supplicat ion, so t hat t hey accept what I convey t o t hem from You,

びゅ∠レ∇ホコ⊥ ∇ケや∠ヱぴ (and provide us sust enance,) a delicious food from You t hat does not require any effort or hardship,

∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ⊥ゴあ レ∠ ョ⊥ ヴあルま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ボレ∠ Β͡ホコ͡ やｚゲャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ギ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ("For You are t he Best of sust ainers.'' Allah said: "I am going t o send it down unt o you, but if any of you aft er t hat disbelieves...'') by denying t his sign and defying it s implicat ion, O ` Isa,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ あグハ ∠ ぺ⊥ Ι ｚ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ あグハ ∠ ぺ⊥ ヴあルみ͡プ∠ ぴ (t hen I will punish him wit h a t orment such as I have not inflict ed on anyone among t he ` Alamin.) among t he people of your t ime. Allah said in similar Ayat ,

ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや (And on t he Day when t he Hour will be est ablished (it will be said t o t he angels): "Cause Fir'awn's people t o ent er t he severest t orment !'') 40:46 , and,

びケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ モ ͡ ヘ∠ ∇シΙ ｘやポ ͡ ∇ケギｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he hypocrit es will be in t he lowest dept hs of t he Fire. ) 4:145 Ibn Jarir said t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said, "Those who will receive t he severest t orment on t he Day of Resurrect ion are t hree: The hypocrit es, t hose from t he people of Al-Ma'idah who disbelieved in it , and t he people of Fir` awn.'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "They said t o ` Isa, son of Maryam, ` Supplicat e t o Allah t o send down t o us from heaven, a t able spread wit h food.' He also said, ` So t he angels brought t he t able down cont aining seven fish and seven pieces of bread and placed it before t hem. So t he last group of people at e as t he first group did.'' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ishaq bin ` Abdullah said t hat t he t able was sent down t o ` Isa son of Maryam having seven pieces of bread and seven fish, and t hey at e from it as much as t hey wished. But when some of t hem st ole food from it , saying, "It might not come down t omorrow,'' t he t able ascended. These st at ement s t est ify t hat t he t able was sent down t o t he Children of Israel during t he t ime of ` Isa, son of Maryam, as a result of Allah's accept ing his supplicat ion t o Him. The apparent wording of t his Ayah also st at es so,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ⊥ゴあ レ∠ ョ⊥ ヴあルま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (Allah said: "I am going t o send it down unt o you...'') 5:115 .

サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ろ ∠ ヤ⊥ホ ろ ∠ ル∠￢ぺ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡バΑ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ リ ͡ ∇Βヰ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ ヴ ∠ ョあ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥グ͡ガゎｚ や ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ペ ｙエ ∠ よ͡ ヴ͡ャ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ョ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ͡ャ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ べ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ゅ∠ョ - ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥Βピ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ⇒ｚヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ マ ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴよあケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ͡レゎ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ぺ∠ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βプｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ろ ⊥ ∇ョキ⊥ ゅｚョ や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ - ∀ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ Β͡ホゲｚ ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ポ ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇よグあ バ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ͡ま び ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや (116. And (remember) when Allah will say (on t he Day of Resurrect ion): "O ` Isa, son of Maryam! Did you say unt o men: ` Worship me and my mot her as t wo gods besides Allah''' He will say: "Glory be t o You! It was not for me t o say what I had no right (t o say). Had I said such a t hing, You would surely have known it . You know what is in my inner self t hough I do not know what is in Yours, t ruly, You, only You, are t he Knower of all t hat is hidden and unseen.'') (117. "Never did I say t o t hem ought except what You (Allah) did command me t o say: ` Worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord.' And I was a wit ness over t hem while I dwelled amongst t hem, but when You t ook me up , You were t he Wat cher over t hem, and You are a Wit ness t o all t hings.'') (118. "If You punish t hem, t hey are Your servant s, and if You forgive t hem, verily You, only You are t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.'')

` Isa Rejects Shirk and Affirms Tawhid Allah will also speak t o His servant and Messenger, ` Isa son of Maryam, peace be upon him, saying t o him on t he Day of Resurrect ion in t he presence of t hose who worshipped ` Isa and his mot her as gods besides Allah,

ヴ͡ルヱ⊥グガ ͡ ゎｚ や サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ろ ∠ ヤ⊥ホ ろ ∠ ル∠￢ぺ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡バΑぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ リ ͡ ∇Βヰ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ ヴ ∠ ョあ ぺ⊥ヱ∠

(O ` Isa, son of Maryam! Did you say unt o men: ` Worship me and my mot her as t wo gods besides Allah') This is a t hreat and a warning t o Christ ians, chast ising t hem in public, as Qat adah and ot hers said, and Qat adah ment ioned t his Ayah as evidence,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇ギタ ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ ("This is a Day on which t he t rut hful will profit from t heir t rut h.'') 5:119 Allah's st at ement ,

ヴ͡ャ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ョ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ͡ャ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ びペ ｙエ ∠ よ͡ (Glory be t o You! It was not for me t o say what I had no right (t o say)...) cont ains Allah's direct ion for ` Isa t o ut t er t he perfect answer. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "` Isa will be t aught his argument in reply t o what Allah will ask him,

サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ろ ∠ ヤ⊥ホ ろ ∠ ル∠￢ぺ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡バΑ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ リ ͡ ∇Βヰ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ ヴ ∠ ョあ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥グ͡ガゎｚ や (And (remember) when Allah will say (on t he Day of Resurrect ion): "O ` Isa, son of Maryam! Did you say unt o men: ` Worship me and my mot her as t wo gods besides Allah') 5:116 .'' Abu Hurayrah t hen narrat ed t hat t he Prophet said t hat Allah t aught ` Isa t o say,

ヴ͡ャ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ョ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ͡ャ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ びペ ｙエ ∠ よ͡ (Glory be t o You! It was not for me t o say what I had no right (t o say)...) At h-Thawri narrat ed t his Hadit h from Ma` mar from Ibn Tawus from Tawus. ` Isa's st at ement ,

びヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まぴ (Had I said such a t hing, You would surely have known it .) means, had I said it , You, my Lord, would have known it , for not hing escapes Your knowledge. Rat her, I have not said t hese words nor did t he t hought even cross my mind, t his why he said,

マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ マ ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ͡レゎ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヲ⊥Βピ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ⇒ｚヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ (You know what is in my inner self t hough I do not know what is in Yours, t ruly, You, only You, are t he Knower of all t hat is hidden and unseen. Never did I say t o t hem ought except what You (Allah) did command me t o say...) and convey,

び∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ぴ (Worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord.) I only called t hem t o what You sent me wit h and commanded me t o convey t o t hem,

び∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ぴ (Worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord) and t his is what I conveyed t o t hem,

び∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ろ ⊥ ∇ョキ⊥ ゅｚョ や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ぴ (And I was a wit ness over t hem while I dwelled amongst t hem,) I was a wit ness over what t hey did when I was amongst t hem,

ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ Β͡ホゲｚ ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βプｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ び∀ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (but when You t ook me up , You were t he Wat cher over t hem, and You are a Wit ness t o all t hings.) Abu Dawud At -Tayalisi recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah st ood up once and gave us a speech in which he said,

ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケヲ⊥ゼ∇エョ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ゅ∠Α» «Ι∇ゲビ ⊥ ∩⇔りや∠ゲハ ⊥ ∩⇔りゅ∠ヘェ ⊥ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ (O people! You will be gat hered t o Allah while barefoot ed, naked and uncircumcised;

びロ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バルぁ ペ ∃ ∇ヤカ ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ べ∠ル∇ぺギ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ぴ (As We began t he first creat ion, We shall repeat it .)

∩⊥ユΒ͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ジ∇ムΑ⊥ ペ ͡ も͡ ゅ∠ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ » れ ∠ や∠ク ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ グ⊥ カ ∠ ∇ぽΒ⊥ プ∠ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ メ ∃ ゅ∠ィゲ͡ よ͡ ￢⊥ ゅ∠イΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ヵ͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡:メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩ヶ͡よゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホほ∠プ∠ ∩͡メゅ∠ヨゼ あ ャや «ウ͡ャゅｚダャや ギ⊥ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホほ∠プ∠ ∩∠ポ∠ギ∇バ∠よ やヲ⊥をギ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ The first among t he creat ion who will be covered wit h clot hes will be Ibrahim. Some men from my Ummah will be brought and t aken t o t he left (t o t he Fire) and I will yell, ` They are my followers!' It will be said, ` You do not know what t hey innvovat ed aft er you (in religion).' So I will say j ust as t he right eous servant (` Isa) said,

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ͡レゎ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ゅ∠ョぴ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ろ ⊥ ∇ョキ⊥ ゅｚョ や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ Β͡ホゲｚ ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βプｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ポ ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇よグあ バ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ͡ま - ∀ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ び ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピゎ∠ (And I was a wit ness over t hem while I dwelled amongst t hem, but when You t ook me up , You were t he Wat cher over t hem, and You are a Wit ness t o all t hings. If You punish t hem, t hey are Your servant s, and if You forgive t hem, verily You, only You are t he Almight y, t he AllWise.)

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Αあギゎ∠ ∇ゲョ⊥ やヲ⊥ャや∠ゴΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ャぽ⊥ ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ » «ユ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ホケ∠ ゅ∠プ グ⊥ ∇レョ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ハぺ∠ (It will furt her be said, ` These people kept revert ing back on t heir heels aft er you left t hem.')'' Al-Bukhari also recorded t his Hadit h in t he explanat ion of t his Ayah. Allah said;

マ ∠ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ポ ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇よグあ バ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ (If You punish t hem, t hey are Your servant s, and if You forgive t hem, verily You, only You are t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.) All mat t ers refer back t o Allah, for He does what He Wills and none can quest ion Him about what He does, while He will quest ion t hem. This Ayah also shows t he crime of t he Christ ians who invent ed a lie against Allah and His Messenger, t hus making a rival, wife and son for Allah. Allah is glorified in t hat He is far above what t hey at t ribut e t o Him. So t his Ayah 5:118 has t remendous value and delivers unique news.

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇ギタ ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ッ ͡ ケｚ リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや び ∀ゲΑギ͡ ホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ (119. Allah will say: "This is a Day on which t he t rut hful will profit from t heir t rut h: Theirs are Gardens under which rivers flow (in Paradise) -- t hey shall abide t herein forever. Allah is pleased wit h t hem and t hey wit h Him. That is t he great success.) (120. To Allah belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is t herein, and He is able t o do all t hings.)

Only Truth will be of Benefit on the Day of Resurrection Allah answers His servant and Messenger ` Isa, son of Maryam, aft er he disowns t he disbelieving Christ ians who lied about Allah and His Messenger, and when ` Isa refers t heir end t o t he will of his Lord,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇ギタ ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (This is a Day on which t he t rut hful will profit from t heir t rut h.) Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "This is t he Day when Tawhid will benefit t hose who believed in it .''

リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ぴ びや⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ

(Theirs are Gardens under which rivers flow (in Paradise) -- t hey shall abide t herein forever.) and t hey will never be removed from it ,

びヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ッ ͡ ケあ ぴ (Allah is pleased wit h t hem and t hey wit h Him.)

びゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ラ ∀ ヲ∠ ∇ッケ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (But t he great est bliss is t he good pleasure of Allah.) 9:72 We will ment ion t he Hadit hs about t his Ayah 9:72 lat er on. Allah's st at ement ,

びユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (That is t he great success.) means, t his is t he great success, ot her t han which t here is no great er success. Allah said in anot her Ayat ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや モ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ モ ͡ ∇んヨ͡ ャ͡ぴ (For t he like of t his let t he workers work.) 37:61 , and,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジヘ͡ ⇒∠レわ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ザ ͡ プ∠ ゅ∠レわ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ (And for t his let (all) t hose st rive who want t o st rive.) 83:26 Allah's st at ement ,

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャぴ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (To Allah belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is t herein, and He is able t o do all t hings.) means, He creat ed everyt hing, owns everyt hing, cont rols t he affairs of everyt hing and is able t o do all t hings. Theref ore, everyt hing and everyone are in His domain and under His power and will. There is none like Him, nor is t here rival, ancest or, son, or wife for Him, nor a lord or god besides Him. Ibn Wahb said t hat he heard Huyay bin ` Abdullah saying t hat Abu ` Abdur-Rahman Al-Habli said t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said, "The last revealed Surah was Surat Al-Ma'idah.''

The Tafsir of Surat Al-An` am

(Chapter - 6) Which was Revealed in Makkah The Virtue of Surat Al-An` am and When it Was Revealed Al-` Awfi, ` Ikrimah and ` At a' said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Surat Al-An` am was revealed in Makkah'' At -Tabarani recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "All of Surat Al-An` am was revealed in Makkah at night , accompanied by sevent y t housand angels, raising t heir voices in glorificat ion of Allah'' As-Suddi said t hat Murrah said t hat ` Abdullah said, "Surat Al-An` am was revealed in t he company of sevent y t housand angels.''

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユｚ ∇を ケ∠ ヲぁレャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや モ ∀ィ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ ｚユを⊥ リ ∃ Β͡デ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ｚユを⊥ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヴ６ヨジぁョ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲｚ シ ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ (1. All praise be t o Allah, Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, and originat ed t he darkness and t he light , yet t hose who disbelieve hold ot hers as equal wit h t heir Lord.) (2. He it is Who has creat ed you from clay, and t hen has decreed a st at ed t erm. And t here is wit h Him anot her det ermined t erm, yet you doubt .) (3. And He is Allah, in t he heavens and t he eart h, He knows what you conceal and what you reveal, and He knows what you earn.)

All Praise is Due to Allah for His Glorious Ability and Great Power Allah praises and glorifies His Most Honorable Self for creat ing t he heavens and eart h, as a dwelling for His servant s, and for making t he darkness and t he light t o benefit t hem in t he night and t he day. In t his Ayah, Allah describes darkness in t he plural, Zulumat where Zulmah is singular for darkness , while describing t he light in t he singular, An-Nur, because An-Nur is more honored. In ot her Ayat , Allah said,

びリ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヤニ ͡ぴ (To t he right and t o t he left s.) 16:48 Near t he end of t his Surah (chapt er 6), Allah also said;

∇やヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヶ͡デゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ベ ∠ ゲｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ プ∠ モ ∠ ら⊥ ジ ぁ ャや (And verily, t his is my st raight pat h, so follow it , and follow no (ot her) ways, for t hey will separat e you away from His way.) 6:153 Allah said next ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユｚ ∇をぴ (Yet t hose who disbelieve hold ot hers as equal wit h t heir Lord.) meaning, in spit e of all t his, some of Allah's servant s disbelieve in Him and hold ot hers as part ners and rivals wit h Him. Some of Allah's servant s claimed a wife and a son for Allah, hallowed be He far above what t hey at t ribut e t o Him. Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∃ Β͡デ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He it is Who has creat ed you from clay,) refers t o t he fat her of mankind, Adam, from whom mankind originat ed, mult iplied in numbers and spread about , east and west . Allah said,

びロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヴ６ヨジぁョ モ ∀ィ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then has decreed a st at ed t erm. And t here is wit h Him anot her det ermined t erm...) His saying;

びΚ ⇔ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then has decreed a st at ed t erm,) refers t o deat h, while,

びロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヴ６ヨジぁョ モ ∀ィ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t here is wit h Him anot her det ermined t erm...) refers t o t he Hereaft er, according t o Sa` id bin Jubayr who report ed t his from Ibn ` Abbas. Similar st at ement s were narrat ed from Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, Zayd bin Aslam, ` At iyyah, As-Suddi, Muqat il bin Hayyan and ot hers. Ibn ` Abbas and Muj ahid said t hat ,

びΚ ⇔ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (And t hen has decreed a st at ed t erm,) is t he t erm of t his eart hly life, while,

びロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヴ６ヨジぁョ モ ∀ィ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t here is wit h Him anot her det ermined t erm) refers t o man's ext ent of life unt il he dies as ment ioned in Allah's st at ement ;

ユ⊥わ∇ェゲ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よ ユ⊥ム⇒プｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャゅ͡よ (It is He, Who t akes your souls by night (when you are asleep), and has knowledge of all t hat you have done by day, t hen He raises (wakes) you up again t hat a t erm appoint ed (life) be fulfilled.) 6:60 The meaning of Allah's st at ement ,

びロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハぴ (Wit h Him) is t hat none but Him knows when it will occur. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

びヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰわ͡ ∇ホヲ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒあヤ∠イΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (The knowledge t hereof is wit h my Lord. None can reveal it s t ime but He.) 7:187 , and,

ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ユ∠ Β͡プ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠シ∇ゲョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや リ ͡ハ ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジΑ∠ ぴ び べ∠ヰ⇒∠ヰわ∠ レ⊥ョ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ - ゅ∠ワや∠ゲ∇ミク͡ リ͡ョ (They ask you about t he Hour -- when will be it s appoint ed t ime You have no knowledge t o say anyt hing about it . To your Lord belongs (t he knowledge of) t he t erm t hereof.) 79:42-44 Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Yet you doubt .) t he coming of t he (last ) Hour, according t o As-Suddi. Allah said next ,

ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲｚ シ ͡ (And He is Allah in t he heavens and t he eart h, He knows what you conceal and what you reveal, and He knows what you earn.) Meaning, it is He Who is called Allah, t hroughout t he heavens and t he eart h, t hat is, it is He who is worshipped, singled out , whose divinit y is believed in by t he inhabit ant s of t he heavens and t he eart h. They call Him Allah, and t hey supplicat e t o Him in fear and hope, except t hose who disbelieve among t he Jinns and mankind. In anot her Ayah, Allah said;

び∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プヱ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ￢͡ べヨｚジャや ヴ͡プ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (It is He Who is God in t he heavens and t he eart h.) 43:84 meaning, He is t he God of t hose in heaven and t hose on eart h, and He knows all affairs, public and secret .

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He knows what you earn) all t he good and bad deeds t hat you perform.

∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョあ る∃ Α∠ や∠￢ ∇リョあ ユ͡ヰΒ͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ッゲ͡ ∇バョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ら∇ルぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒ｚレムｚ ョｚ ラ ∃ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ ユ͡ヰヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユミ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ リあムヨ∠ ル⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ケや∠ケ∇ギョｚ ゅ⇔ル∇ゲホ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ル∇ほ∠ゼ∇ル∠ぺ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワほ∠プ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ (4. And never an Ayah comes t o t hem from t he Ayat of t heir Lord, but t hat t hey have been t urning away from it .) (5. Indeed, t hey rej ect ed t he t rut h when it came t o t hem, but t here will

come t o t hem t he news of t hat which t hey used t o mock at .) (6. Have t hey not seen how many a generat ion before t hem We have dest royed whom We had est ablished on t he eart h such as We have not est ablished you And We poured out on t hem rain from t he sky in abundance, and made t he rivers flow under t hem. Yet We dest royed t hem for t heir sins, and creat ed aft er t hem ot her generat ions.)

Threatening the Idolators for their Stubbornness Allah st at es t hat t he rebellious, st ubborn polyt heist s will t urn away from every Ayah, meaning, sign, miracle and proof t hat is evidence of Allah's Uniqueness and t he t rut h of His honorable Messengers. They will not cont emplat e about t hese Ayat or care about t hem. Allah said,

￢⊥ ゅ∠ら∇ルぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ (Indeed, t hey rej ect ed t he t rut h when it came t o t hem, but t here will come t o t hem t he news of t hat which t hey used t o mock at .) This Ayah cont ains a warning and a st ern t hreat for t he disbelievers' rej ect ion of t he t rut h, st at ing t hat t he disbelievers will surely know t he t rut h of what t hey used t o deny and t ast e t he evil end of t heir behavior. Allah advises and warns t he disbelievers, t hat t hey should avoid t he t orment s and afflict ions of t his life, similar t o what befell t heir likes from previous nat ions, who were st ronger, wealt hier, had more offspring, and were more exploit ive on t he eart h. Allah said,

∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒ｚレムｚ ョｚ ラ ∃ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ ユ͡ヰヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユミ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ リあムヨ∠ ル⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ (Have t hey not seen how many a generat ion before t hem We have dest royed whom We had est ablished on t he eart h such as We have not est ablished you) meaning, t hey had more wealt h, children, buildings, abundant provision, riches and soldiers. Allah said next ,

びや⇔ケや∠ケ∇ギョｚ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and We poured out on t hem rain from t he sky in abundance, ) in reference t o rain t hat comes oft en,

び∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And made t he rivers flow under t hem.) as rain was abundant and t he springs were plent iful, so t hat We deceived t hem.

び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワほ∠プ∠ ぴ (Yet We dest royed t hem for t heir sins) meaning t he mist akes and errors t hat t hey commit t ed,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ル∇ゲホ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ル∇ほ∠ゼ∇ル∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (and creat ed aft er t hem ot her generat ions,) for, t hese generat ions of old perished and became as legends and st ories,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ル∇ゲホ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ル∇ほ∠ゼ∇ル∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (And creat ed aft er t hem ot her generat ions.) so t hat We t est t he new generat ions, as well. Yet , t hey commit t ed similar errors and were dest royed, as t heir ancest ors were dest royed. Therefore, beware of t he same end t hat might befall you, for you are not dearer t o Allah t han t hese previous nat ions, but t he Messenger whom you defied is dearer t o Allah t han t he Messengers t hey defied. Thus, you are more liable t han t hem t o receive t orment , if it was not for Allah's mercy and kindness.

ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ジヨ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ サ ∃ ゅ∠デ∇ゲホ͡ ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ∠ル ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ボャ∠ ∇ユ͡ヰΑ͡ギ∇Α∠ほ͡よ ゅ⇔ム∠ヤョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ マ ∀ ヤ∠ョ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ Ι∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ⇔ム∠ヤョ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ∠ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘやヴ ∠ツ ͡ ボ⊥ ャｚ ギ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジら͡ ∇ヤΑ∠ ゅｚョ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ジら∠ ヤ∠ャ∠ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ ャｚ ∇やヱ⊥ゲガ ͡シ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ͡よ ベ ∠ ゅ∠エプ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ モ ∃シ ⊥ ゲ⊥ よ͡ ￢∠ ン͡ゴ∇ヰわ⊥ ∇シや ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡シ ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ びリ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルや ｚユを⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや (7. And even if We had sent down unt o you a Message writ t en on paper so t hat t hey could t ouch it wit h t heir hands, t he disbelievers would have said: "This is not hing but obvious magic!'') (8. And t hey say: "Why has not an angel been sent down t o him'' Had We sent down an angel, t he mat t er would have been j udged at once, and no respit e would be grant ed t o t hem.) (9. And had We appoint ed him an angel, We indeed would have made him a man, and We

would have cert ainly caused t hem confusion in a mat t er which t hey have already covered wit h confusion.) (10. And indeed Messengers were mocked before you, but t heir scoffers were surrounded by t he very t hing t hat t hey used t o mock at .) (11. Say: "Travel in t he land and see what was t he end of t hose who rej ect ed t rut h.'')

Censuring the Rebellious and their Refusal to Accept Human Messengers Allah describes t he rebellion and st ubbornness of t he idolat ors in defying t he t rut h and arguing against it ,

ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ジヨ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ サ ∃ ゅ∠デ∇ゲホ͡ ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ∠ル ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユ͡ヰΑ͡ギ∇Α∠ほ͡よ (And even if We had sent down unt o you a Message writ t en on paper so t hat t hey could t ouch it wit h t heir hands,) meaning, if t hey saw t his Message's descent and were eye- wit nesses t o t hat ,

び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ボャ∠ぴ (t he disbelievers would have said: "This is not hing but obvious magic!'') This is similar t o Allah's descript ion of t he disbelievers' defiance of fact s and t rut h,

ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲぁヤヌ ∠ プ∠ ￢͡ ゅヨ∠ ジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔よゅ∠よ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇モよ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ ∇れゲ∠ ムあ シ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケヲ⊥エ∇ジョｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ (And even if We opened t o t hem a gat e from t he heaven and t hey were t o cont inue ascending t heret o. They would surely say: "Our eyes have been (as if) dazzled. Nay, we are a people bewit ched.'') 15:14-15 , and,

∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ⇔ト͡ボ⇒∠シ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ヘ∇ジミ͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び ュ∀ ヲ⊥ミ∇ゲョｚ ∀ょ⇒∠エ∠シ (And if t hey were t o see a piece of t he heaven falling down, t hey would say, "Clouds gat hered in heaps!'') 52:44 .

びマ ∀ ヤ∠ョ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ Ι∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey say: "Why has not an angel been sent down t o him'') t o convey t he Message wit h admonit ion along wit h him. Allah replied,

びラ ∠ ヱゲ⊥ ヌ ∠ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘやヴ ∠ツ ͡ ボ⊥ ャｚ ゅ⇔ム∠ヤョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Had We sent down an angel, t he mat t er would have been j udged at once, and no respit e would be grant ed t o t hem.) Consequent ly, even if t he angels descend, while t he disbelievers st ill had t he same at t it ude, t hen t he t orment will surely befall t hem from Allah as a consequence. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

や⇔クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ャゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠ョぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ∠ レぁョ (We send not t he angels down except wit h t he t rut h (i.e. for t orment , et c.), and in t hat case, t hey (t he disbelievers) would have no respit e!) 15:8 , and,

びリ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ Ι ∠ る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day t hey will see t he angels, no glad t idings will t here be for t he criminals t hat day.) 25:22 Allah's st at ement ,

ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ジら∠ ヤ∠ャ∠ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ ャｚ ゅ⇔ム∠ヤョ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジら͡ ∇ヤΑ∠ ゅｚョ (And had We appoint ed him an angel, We indeed would have made him a man, and We would have cert ainly caused t hem confusion in a mat t er which t hey have already covered wit h confusion.) meaning, if We send an angel along wit h t he human Messenger, or if We send an angel as a Messenger t o mankind, he would be in t he shape of a man so t hat t hey would be able t o speak t o him and benefit from his t eachings. In t his case, t he angel (in t he shape of a human) will also cause conf usion for t hem, j ust as t he confusion t hey caused t hemselves over accept ing humans as Messengers! Allah said,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ る∀ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ モ⊥ホぴ びΙ ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ ゅ⇔ムヤ∠ョ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ レ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βあレゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トョ⊥

(Say: "If t here were on t he eart h, angels walking about in peace and securit y, We should cert ainly have sent down for t hem from t he heaven an angel as a Messenger.'') 17:95 It is a mercy from Allah t o His creat ion t hat He sends every t ype of creat ion, Messengers from among t heir kind, so t hat t hey are able t o call t heir people t o Allah, and t heir people able t o t alk t o t hem, ask t hem and benefit from t hem. In anot her Ayah, Allah said;

Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ ∇クま͡ ∠リΒ͡レ͡ョぽ⊥ヨ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ｚ ョ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ び∇ユ͡ヰΒあミ∠ゴΑ⊥ ∠ヱ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ (Indeed Allah conferred a great favor on t he believers when He sent among t hem a Messenger from among t hemselves, recit ing unt o t hem His verses (t he Qur'an), and purifying t hem.) 3:164 Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about t he Ayah 6:9 above , "If an angel was sent t o t hem, he would come in t he shape of a man. This is because t hey will not be able t o look at t he angel due t o light .''

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジら͡ ∇ヤΑ∠ ゅｚョ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ジら∠ ヤ∠ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (... and We would have cert ainly caused t hem confusion in a mat t er which t hey have already covered wit h confusion. ) meaning, We would conf use t hem over t heir confusion. And Al-Walibi report ed Ibn ` Abbas saying; "We brought doubt s around t hem.'' Allah's st at ement ,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ͡よ ベ ∠ ゅ∠エプ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ モ ∃シ ⊥ ゲ⊥ よ͡ ￢∠ ン͡ゴ∇ヰわ⊥ ∇シや ギ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲガ ͡シ ∠ (And indeed Messengers were mocked before you, but t heir scoffers were surrounded by t he very t hing t hat t hey used t o mock at .) comfort s t he Messenger concerning t he denial of him by his people. The Ayah also promises t he Messenger , and his believers, of Allah's vict ory and t he good end in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Allah said next ,

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルや ｚユを⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡シ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ (Say: "Travel in t he land and see what was t he end of t hose who rej ect ed t rut h.'') meaning, cont emplat e about yourselves and t hink about t he afflict ions Allah st ruck t he previous nat ions wit h, t hose who defied His Messengers and denied t hem. Allah sent t orment , afflict ions and punishment on t hem in t his life, as well as t he painful t orment in t he Hereaft er, while saving His Messengers and believing servant s.

ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ モ⊥ホ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅｚョ リ∠ヨャあ モ⊥ホぴ Ι ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ バ∠ ヨ∠ ∇イΒ∠ ャ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲジ ͡カ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Βヨ͡ ジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ͡ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ヴ͡プ リ ∠ ム∠ シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゲ͡ デ ͡ ゅ∠プ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ グ⊥ ガ ͡ ゎｚ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ ヴあルま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ユ⊥ バ∠ ∇トΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ バ͡ ∇トΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ リ ∠ Β∠ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ヴよあ ケ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βダ ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ラま͡ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ∇モホ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ェ ͡ ケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇フゲ∠ ∇ダΑ⊥ リｚョ - ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ びリ ⊥ Β͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや (12. Say: "To whom belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and t he eart h'' Say: "To Allah.'' He has prescribed mercy for Himself. Indeed He will gat her you t oget her on t he Day of Resurrect ion, about which t here is no doubt . Those who dest roy t hemselves will not believe.) (13. And t o Him belongs what soever exist s in t he night and t he day, and He is t he All-Hearing, t he AllKnowing.'') (14. Say: "Shall I t ake as a guardian any ot her t han Allah, t he Creat or of t he heavens and t he eart h And it is He Who feeds but is not fed.'' Say: "Verily, I am commanded t o be t he first of t hose who submit . ''And be not you of t he idolat ors.) (15. Say: "I fear, if I disobey my Lord, t he t orment of a Might y Day.'') (16. Who is avert ed from (such a t orment ) on t hat Day; t hen He (Allah) has surely been Merciful t o him. And t hat would be t he obvious success.)

Allah is the Creator and the Sustainer Allah st at es t hat He is t he King and Owner of t he heavens and eart h and all of what is in t hem, and t hat He has writ t en mercy on His Most Honorable Self. It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs, t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,

ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ゅ⇔よゅ∠わミ͡ ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ∩∠ペ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚヨ∠ャ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» «ヶ͡らツ ∠ ビ ∠ ょ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ピゎ∠ ヶ͡わヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∩͡ス∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや (When Allah creat ed t he creat ion, He wrot e in a Book t hat He has wit h Him above t he Throne; ` My mercy overcomes My anger.') Allah said;

びヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ バ∠ ヨ∠ ∇イΒ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Indeed He will gat her you t oget her on t he Day of Resurrect ion, about which t here is no doubt .) swearing by His Most Honored Self t hat He will gat her His servant s,

びュ∃ ヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ボΒ͡ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (For appoint ed meet ing of a known Day.) 56:50 , t he Day of Resurrect ion t hat will cert ainly occur, and t here is no doubt for His believing servant s in t his fact . As for t hose who deny and refuse, t hey are in confusion and disarray. Allah's st at ement ,

びユ⊥ヰジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲジ ͡カ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who dest roy t hemselves) on t he Day of Resurrect ion,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (will not believe. ) in t he Ret urn and t hus do not fear t he repercussions of t hat Day. Allah said next ,

び͡ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ヴ͡プ リ ∠ ム∠ シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t o Him belongs what soever exist s in t he night and t he day.) meaning, all creat ures in t he heavens and eart h are Allah's servant s and creat ures, and t hey are all under His aut horit y, power and will; t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Him,

びユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He is t he All-Hearing, t he All-Knowing.) He hears t he st at ement s of His servant s and knows t heir act ions, secret s and what t hey conceal. Allah t hen said t o His servant and Messenger

Muhammad , whom He sent wit h t he pure Tawhid and t he st raight religion, commanding him t o call t he people t o Allah's st raight pat h;

れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゲ͡ デ ͡ ゅ∠プ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ グ⊥ ガ ͡ ゎｚ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ (Say: "Shall I t ake as a guardian any ot her t han Allah, t he Creat or of t he heavens and t he eart h'') Similarly, Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ヴあルヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇Βピ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Do you order me t o worship ot her t han Allah, O you fools'') 39:64 . The meaning here is, I will not t ake a guardian except Allah, wit hout part ners, for He is t he Creat or of t he heavens and eart h Who orignat ed t hem wit hout precedent ,

びユ⊥ バ∠ ∇トΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ バ͡ ∇トΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And it is He Who feeds but is not fed.) For He sust ains His creat ures wit hout needing t hem. Allah also said;

びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ザ ∠ ル͡Ηや∠ヱ リ ｚイ ͡ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And I creat ed not t he Jinn and humans except t hat t hey should worship Me (Alone).) 51:56 Some scholars read it , "And it is He Who feeds but He does not eat .'' meaning, Allah does not eat . Abu Hurayrah narrat ed, "A man from Al-Ansar from t he area of Quba' invit ed t he Prophet t o eat some food, and we went along wit h t he Prophet . When t he Prophet at e and washed his hands, he said,

ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ｚ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ユバ∠ ∇トΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ユ⊥ バ͡ ∇トΑ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚや ぶ ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや» ゅ∠ルゅ∠ジミ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ゆや∠ゲゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ルゅ∠ボシ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠レヨ∠ バ∠ ∇デぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルや∠ギヰ∠ プ∠ ぶ ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ∩ゅ∠ルゅ∠ヤ∇よぺ∠ リ ∃ジ ∠ェ ∠ ￢∃ ゅ∠ヤよ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヵ∇ゲバ⊥ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∃ケヲ⊥ヘ∇ムョ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ほ⇔プゅ∠ムョ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ネ ∃ キｚ ヲ∠ ョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ヨ∠バ∇デ∠ぺ ヵ͡グャｚや ぶ ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ∩⊥ヮ∇レハ ∠ ヴ⇔レ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥

リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ルゅ∠ジミ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ゆや∠ゲゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅル∠ ゅ∠ボシ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ュゅ∠バト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ルゲ∠ ダ ｚ よ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡メゅ∠ヤツ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ルや∠ギワ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヵ∇ゲバ⊥ ∇ャや ∩ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡ツ∇ヘゎ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ リ ∠ ヨｚ ョ͡ ゲ∃ Β͡んミ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レヤ∠ツ ｚ プ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヴ∠ヨバ∠ ャや «リΒ͡ヨャ∠ゅ∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ぶ ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや (All praise is due t o Allah, Who feeds but is never fed, He best owed bount y unt o us, Who gave us guidance and fed us, gave us somet hing t o drink, covered our nakedness; and for every favor He has given us. All praise is due t o Allah, praise t hat should not be neglect ed, my Lord, all t he while affirming t hat we will never be able t o duly t hank Him; nor be appreciat ive enough of Him, nor be free of needing Him. All t hanks and praises are due t o Allah Who fed us t he food, gave us t he drink, covered our nudit y, guided us from misguidance, gave us sight from blindness, and honored us above many of His creat urers. All praise is due t o Allah, Lord of all t hat exist s.'')

びユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ ヴあルま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Verily, I am commanded t o be t he first of t hose who submit t hemselves t o Allah as (Muslims).'') from t his Ummah,

れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゲ͡ デ ͡ ゅ∠プ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ グ⊥ ガ ͡ ゎｚ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ ヴあルま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ユ⊥ バ∠ ∇トΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ バ͡ ∇トΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ リ ∠ Β∠ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βダ ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ラま͡ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ∇モホ⊥ び ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ (And be not you of t he idolat ers. Say: "I fear, if I disobey my Lord, t he t orment of a Might y Day.'') 6:14-15 , t he Day of Resurrect ion,

びヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇フゲ∠ ∇ダΑ⊥ リｚョぴ (Who is avert ed from) such a t orment ,

びヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ェ ͡ ケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (on t hat Day, He has surely been Merciful t o him) meaning, Allah will have been merciful t o him,

びリ ⊥ Β͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat would be t he obvious success.) Allah also said,

びコ∠ ゅ∠プ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ͡ ∇キぺ⊥ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゴ͡ ∇ェコ⊥ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (And whoever is moved away from t he Fire and admit t ed t o Paradise, he indeed is successful.) 3:185 , success here indicat es acquiring profit and negat es loss.

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ブ ∠ ゼ ͡ ⇒∠ミ Κ ∠ プ∠ ｙゲツ ⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや マ ∠ ∇ジジ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ - ∀ゲΑ⊥ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ マ ∠ ∇ジジ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇モホ⊥ - ゲ⊥ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゲ⊥ ワ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レ∇Βよ͡ ∀ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ り⇔ ギ⇒∠ヰセ ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ン ぁ ぺ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ルｘΙ ラ ⊥ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ヱ⊥ぺヱ∠ Ι ｚ モ⊥ホ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ゼわ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ も͡ ぺ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ヴ͡レルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ギ∀ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇セぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲジ ͡カ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ⇔よ͡グミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや リ ͡ ヨｚ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ͡ヤ⇒ｚヌャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠

(17. And if Allah t ouches you wit h harm, none can remove it but He, and if He t ouches you wit h good, t hen He is able t o do all t hings.) (18. And He is t he Irresist ible, above His servant s, and He is t he All-Wise, Well-Acquaint ed wit h all t hings.) (19. Say: "What t hing is t he most great in wit ness'' Say: "Allah is Wit ness bet ween you and I; t his Qur'an has been revealed t o me t hat I may t herewit h warn you and whomsoever it may reach. Can you verily bear wit ness t hat besides Allah t here are ot her gods'' Say "I bear no (such) wit ness!'' Say: "Only He is God, alone, and t ruly I am innocent of what you j oin in worship wit h Him.'') (20. Those t o whom We have given t he Script ure recognize him, as t hey recognize t heir own children. Those who have lost (dest royed) t hemselves will not believe.) (21. And who does more wrong t han he who invent s a lie against Allah or rej ect s His Ayat Verily, t he wrongdoers shall never be successful.)

Allah is the Irresistible, Able to Bring Benefit and Protect from Harm Allah st at es t hat He Alone brings benefit or harm, and t hat He does what He wills wit h His creat ures, none can resist His j udgment or prevent what He decrees,

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ブ ∠ ゼ ͡ ⇒∠ミ Κ ∠ プ∠ ｙゲツ ⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや マ ∠ ∇ジジ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ゲΑ⊥ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ マ ∠ ∇ジジ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ (And if Allah t ouches you wit h harm, none can remove it but He, and if He t ouches you wit h good, t hen He is able t o do all t hings.) Similarly, Allah said,

ゅ∠ヰャ∠ マ ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヨョ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ウ ͡ わ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅｚョぴ びロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲョ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇マジ ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (What ever mercy, Allah may grant t o mankind, none can wit hhold it , and what ever He may wit hhold, none can grant it t hereaft er) 35:2 . It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o supplicat e,

ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ヶ ∠ト ͡ ∇バョ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βト ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ノ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ャ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» «ギ∠イ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇レョ͡ ギあ イ ∠ ∇ャや や∠ク ノ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠ろ∇バレ∠ ョ∠ (O Allah, t here is none Who can avert what You grant or give what You deprive, and no fort une ever helps t he fort unat e against You.) This is why Allah said,

びロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゲ⊥ ワ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And He is t he Irresist ible, above His servant s,) meaning, t o Him t he necks are subservient , t he t yrant s humble before Him and He has complet e cont rol over all t hings. The creat ures have all bowed t o Allah and are humbled before His grace, honor, pride, great ness, highness and abilit y over all t hings. The creat ures are insignificant before Him, for t hey are all under His irresist ible decision and power,

びユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He is t he All-Wise,) in all His act ions,

びゲ⊥ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (Well-Acquaint ed wit h all t hings.) Who places everyt hing in it s right ful place, grant s and favors whomever deserves His favor. Allah said next ,

びり⇔ ギ⇒∠ヰセ ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ン ぁ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "What t hing is t he most great in wit ness'') or what is t he great est wit ness,

び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レ∇Βよ͡ ∀ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Allah (t he Most Great !) is Wit ness bet ween you and I'') for He knows what I brought you and what you will answer me wit h,

びヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ルｘΙ ラ ⊥ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ヱ⊥ぺヱ∠ ぴ (t his Qur'an has been revealed t o me t hat I may t herewit h warn you and whomsoever it may reach.) Therefore, t his Qur'an is a warner for all t hose who hear of it . In anot her Ayah, Allah said,

びロ⊥ ギ⊥ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャゅ∠プ ゆ ͡ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (But t hose of t he sect s t hat rej ect it , t he Fire will be t heir promised meet ing place.) 11:17 Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said, "Those who follow t he Messenger of Allah ought t o call t o what t he Messenger of Allah called t o and warn against what he warned against .'' Allah said next ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ゼわ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ も͡ ぺ∠ぴ ("Can you verily bear wit ness...'') O idolat ors,

びギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇セぺ∠ Ι ｚ モ⊥ホ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ぴ ("t hat besides Allah t here are ot her gods'' Say, "I bear no (such) wit ness!'') Similarly, in anot her Ayah, Allah said;

び∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ͡ヰ∠セ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (Then if t hey t est ify, t est ify not you wit h t hem.) 6:150 Allah said next ,

ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ヴ͡レルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ギ∀ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ (Say: "Only He is God, alone, and t ruly I am innocent of what you j oin in worship wit h Him.'')

People of the Book Recognize the Prophet Just as They Recognize Their Own Children Allah says, t he People of t he Book know what you brought t hem, O Muhammad , as t hey know t heir own children. This is because t hey received good news from t he previous Messengers and Prophet s about t he coming of Muhammad , his at t ribut es, homeland, his migrat ion, and t he descript ion of his Ummah. Allah said next ,

びユ⊥ヰジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲジ ͡カ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who have lost (dest royed) t hemselves) and t hus incurred t he ult imat e loss,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (will not believe.) in t his clear mat t er. A mat t er about which t he previous Prophet s gave good news, and a mat t er ext olled about in ancient and modern t imes. Allah said next ,

ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔よ͡グミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや リ ͡ ヨｚ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡

(And who does more wrong t han he who invent s a lie against Allah or rej ect s His Ayat ) meaning, t here is no person more unj ust t han he who lies about Allah and claims t hat Allah has sent him, while Allah did not send him. There is no person more unj ust t han he who denies Allah's proofs, signs and evidences,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, t he wrongdoers shall never be successful.) Surely, bot h of t hese people will never acquire success, whoever falsely claims t hat Allah sent him and whoever refuses Allah's Ayat .

∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボル∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨハ ⊥ ∇ゴゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ -リ ∠ Βミ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よグ∠ ミ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ノ⊥ ヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ や⇔ゲ∇ホヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ や∠クや∠￢ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ る⇔ レｚ ミ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ る∃ Α∠ や∠￢ ｚモミ⊥ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ ポ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱほ∠∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ - ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ヰΑ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ (22. And on t he Day when We shall gat her t hem all t oget her, We shall say t o t hose who j oined part ners in worship (wit h Us): "Where are your part ners (false deit ies) whom you used t o assert (as part ners in worship wit h Allah)'') (23. There will t hen be (left ) no Fit nah for t hem but t o say: "By Allah, our Lord, we were not t hose who j oined ot hers (in worship wit h Allah).'') (24. Look! How t hey lie against t hemselves! But t he (lie) which t hey invent ed will disappear from t hem.) (25. And of t hem t here are some who list en t o you; but We have set veils on t heir heart s, so t hey underst and it not , and deafness in t heir ears; if t hey see every one of t he Ayat t hey will not believe t herein; t o t he point t hat when t hey come t o you t o argue wit h you, t hose who disbelieve say: "These are not hing but t ales of t he men of old.'') (26. And t hey prevent ot hers from him and t hey t hemselves keep away from him, and (by doing so) t hey dest roy none but t hemselves, yet t hey perceive (it ) not .)

The Polythiests Shall be Questioned About the Shirk They Committed About t he polyt heist s, Allah said:

びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And on t he Day when We shall gat her t hem all t oget her,) This is on t he Day of Resurrect ion, when He will ask t hem about t he idols and rivals t hat t hey worshipped inst ead of Him. Allah will say t o t hem,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨハ ⊥ ∇ゴゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ぴ (Where are your part ners (false deit ies) whom you used t o assert (as part ners in worship wit h Allah)) Allah said in Surat Al-Qasas,

∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ ∠ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ⇒∠レΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨハ ⊥ ∇ゴゎ∠ (And (remember) t he Day when He will call t o t hem, and say, "Where are My (so-called) part ners whom you used t o assert '') 28:62 . Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (There will t hen be (left ) no Fit nah for t hem) means, argument . ` At a' Al-Khurasani said t hat ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (There will t hen be (left ) no Fit nah for t hem) in t he face of t he afflict ion t hat will be placed on t hem,

びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (but t o say: "By Allah, our Lord, we were not t hose who j oined ot hers (in worship wit h Allah).'') Allah said next ,

ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よグ∠ ミ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルやぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ (Look! How t hey lie against t hemselves! But t he (lie) which t hey invent ed will disappear from t hem.) which is similar t o His ot her st at ement ,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ ｚユを⊥ ぴ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギルｚ ∇リム⊥ ル∠ ∇ユャｚ モ∠よ ゅｚレ∠ハ ∇やヲぁヤ⇒∠ッ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ⇒∠ホ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ぁモツ ͡ Α⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ (Then it will be said t o t hem: "Where are (all) t hose whom you used t o j oin in worship as part ners. Besides Allah'' They will say, "They have vanished from us: Nay, we did not invoke (worship) anyt hing before.'' Thus Allah leads ast ray t he disbelievers.) 40:73-74

The Miserable Do Not Benefit from the Qur'an Allah's st at ement ,

る⇔ レｚ ミ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ノ⊥ ヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ る∃ Α∠ や∠￢ ｚモミ⊥ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ホヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ や∠クや∠￢ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ びゅ∠ヰ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ (And of t hem t here are some who list en t o you; but We have set veils on t heir heart s, so t hey underst and it not , and deafness in t heir ears; if t hey see every one of t he Ayat t hey will not believe t herein;) means, t hey come t o you, (O Muhammad ), so t hat t hey hear you recit e t he Qur'an, but it s recit at ion does not benefit t hem, because Allah has set veils on t heir heart s, and so t hey do not underst and t he Qur'an,

びや⇔ゲ∇ホ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ や∠クや∠￢ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ (and (set ) deafness in t heir ears;) t hat prevent s t hem from hearing what benefit s t hem. In anot her Ayah, Allah said;

Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ペ ⊥ バ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び￢⇔ へ∠ギル͡ ヱ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ハキ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (And t he example of t hose who disbelieve, is as t hat of him who shout s at one who hears not hing but calls and cries.) 2:171 Allah said next ,

びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ る∃ Α∠ や∠￢ ｚモミ⊥ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (if t hey see every one of t he Ayat t hey will not believe t herein;) meaning, t hey will not believe in any of t he Ayat , proofs, clear evidences and signs t hey wit ness because t hey do not have sound comprehension or fair j udgment . In anot her Ayah, Allah said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ヨ∠ ∇シΕ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Had Allah known of any good in t hem, He would indeed have made t hem list en.) 8:23 Allah said,

びマ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ ポ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (t o t he point t hat when t hey come t o you t o argue wit h you...) using falsehood against t rut h,

び∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ (t hose who disbelieve say: "These are not hing but t ales of t he men of old.'') The disbelievers say, what you (O Muhammad ) brought us was t aken from t he books of t hose who were before us, meaning plagiarized,

びヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱほ∠∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey prevent ot hers from him and t hey t hemselves keep away from him,) They discourage people from following t he t rut h, believing in Muhammad and obeying t he Qur'an,

びヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱほ∠∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey t hemselves keep away from him,) They t hus combine bot h evil act s, for t hey neit her benefit t hemselves, nor let ot hers benefit from t he Prophet . ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah,

びヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey prevent ot hers from him.) means, t hey hinder people from believing in Muhammad . Muhammad bin Al-Hanafiyyah said, "The disbelievers of Quraysh used t o refrain from meet ing Muhammad and t hey discouraged people from coming t o him.'' Similar was report ed from Qat adah, Muj ahid and Ad-Dahhak and several ot hers.

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ヰΑ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (and (by doing so) t hey dest roy not but t hemselves, yet t hey perceive (it ) not .) They dest roy t hemselves by commit t ing t his evil act ion, and it s harm will only t ouch t hem. Yet , t hey do not perceive t his fact !

ぁキゲ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠レ∠わ∇Β∠ヤΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲヘ⊥ ホ͡ ヱ⊥ ∇クま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇モよ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムル∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゆ ∠ グあ ム∠ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ⇒∠バャ∠ ∇やヱぁキケ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠ギよ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ∇ラま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∇クま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡をヲ⊥バ∇らヨ∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゅ∠レゎ⊥ ゅ∠Β∠ェ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘホ͡ ヱ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ヱ∠ (27. If you could but see when t hey will be held over t he (Hell) Fire! They will say: "Would t hat we were but sent back (t o t he world)! Then we would not deny t he Ayat of our Lord, and we would be of t he believers!'') (28. Nay, what t hey had been concealing before has become manifest t o t hem. But if t hey were ret urned (t o t he world), t hey would cert ainly revert t o t hat which t hey were forbidden. And indeed t hey are liars.) c(29. And t hey said: "There is no (ot her life) but our (present ) life of t his world, and never shall we be resurrect ed.'') (30. If you could but see when t hey will st and before t heir Lord! He will say: "Is not t his t he t rut h'' They will say: "Yes, by our Lord!'' He will t hen say: "So t ast e you t he t orment because you used not t o believe.'')

Wishes and Hopes Do Not Help One When He Sees the Torment

Allah ment ions t he condit ion of t he disbelievers when t hey are made t o st and before t he Fire on t he Day of Resurrect ion and wit ness it s chains and rest raint s, along wit h seeing t he horrible, moment ous condit ions in t he Fire wit h t heir own eyes. This is when t he disbelievers will say,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムル∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゆ ∠ グあ ム∠ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぁキゲ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠レ∠わ∇Β∠ヤΑぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ("Would t hat we were but sent back (t o t he world)! Then we would not deny t he Ayat of our Lord, and we would be of t he believers!'') They wish t hat t hey would be sent back t o t he life of t he world so t hat t hey could perform right eous deeds, refrain from disbelieving in t he Ayat of t heir Lord and be among t he believers. Allah said,

びモ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅミ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠ギよ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, what t hey had been concealing before has become manifest t o t hem.) meaning, t he disbelief, denial and rebellion t hat t hey used t o hide in t heir heart s will t hen be uncovered, even t hough t hey will t ry t o hide t his fact in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Earlier, Allah said,

ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ モ ｚッ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よグ∠ ミ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルや - リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ (There will t hen be (left ) no t rial for t hem but t o say: "By Allah, our Lord, we were not t hose who j oined ot hers in worship wit h Allah.'' Look! How t hey lie against t hemselves! But t he (lie) which t hey invent ed will disappear from t hem. ) It is also possible t hat t he meaning here is t hat t he disbelievers will realize t he t rut h t hat t hey knew all along in t heir heart s, t hat is, t hat what t he Messengers brought t hem in t his life is t rue, alt hough t hey used t o deny his Message before t heir followers. Allah said t hat Musa said t o Fir` awn,

れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ろ ∠ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ びゲ∠ も͡ べ∠ダよ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ("Verily, you know t hat t hese signs have clearly been sent down by none but t he Lord of t he heavens and t he eart h as eye-opening evidence.'') 17:102 Allah said about Fir` awn and his people,

びや⇔∂ヲヤ⊥ハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヰ∇わレ∠ ボ∠ ∇Βわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠エ∠ィ∠ヱぴ (And t hey belied t hem (t hose Ayat ) wrongfully and arrogant ly, t hough t hey were t hemselves convinced t hereof.) 27:14

びモ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠ギよ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, it has become manifest t o t hem what t hey had been concealing before.) 6:28 When t his occurs, and t he disbelievers ask t o be ret urned t o t his life, t hey will not do so because t hey t ruly wish t o embrace t he fait h. Rat her, t hey ask t o be ret urned t o t his life for fear of t he t orment t hat t hey are wit nessing before t hem, as punishment for t he disbelief t hey commit t ed, and t o t ry and avoid t he Fire t hat t hey see before t heir eyes.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギ⇒∠バャ∠ ∇やヱぁキケ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (But if t hey were ret urned, t hey would cert ainly revert t o t hat which t hey were forbidden. And indeed t hey are liars.) meaning, t hey lie when t hey say t hey wish t o go back t o t his life so t hat t hey can embrace t he fait h. Allah st at es t hat even if t hey were sent back t o t he life of t his world, t hey will again commit t he disbelief and defiance t hat t hey were prohibit ed.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed t hey are liars.) in t heir st at ement t hat ,

ぁキゲ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠レ∠わ∇Β∠ヤΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲヘ⊥ ホ͡ ヱ⊥ ∇クま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇モよ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムル∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゆ ∠ グあ ム∠ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ⇒∠バャ∠ ∇やヱぁキケ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠ギよ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ∇ラま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ びリ ∠ Β͡をヲ⊥バ∇らヨ∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゅ∠レゎ⊥ ゅ∠Β∠ェ ("Would t hat we were but sent back! Then we would not deny t he Ayat of our Lord, and we would be of t he believers!'' Nay, what t hey had been concealing before has become manifest t o t hem. But if t hey were ret urned, t hey would cert ainly revert t o t hat which t hey were forbidden. And indeed t hey are liars. And t hey said: "There is no (ot her life) but our (present ) life of t his world, and never shall we be resurrect ed.'') Therefore, t hey will revert t o t heir old behavior and say,

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゅ∠レゎ⊥ ゅ∠Β∠ェ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ∇ラま͡ぴ (There is no life but our life of t his world) and t here is no Hereaft er,

びリ ∠ Β͡をヲ⊥バ∇らヨ∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and never shall we be resurrect ed. ) Allah said,

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘホ͡ ヱ⊥ ∇クま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (If you could but see when t hey will st and before t heir Lord!) in front of Him,

びペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ("Is not t his t he t rut h'') meaning, is not Resurrect ion t rue, cont arary t o what you t hought ,

∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ (They will say: "Yes, by our Lord!'' He will t hen say: "So t ast e you t he t orment because you used not t o believe.'') and because you t oday denied Resurrect ion. Therefore, t ast e t he t orment ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ュぺ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∀ゲ∇エ͡ジプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ("Is t his magic, or do you not see'') 52:15

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ￢͡ べ∠ボヤ͡よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ジ ͡カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇デゲｚ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ゎ∠ゲ∇ジ∠エΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ￢∠ べ∠シ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ や∠コ∇ヱぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲヤ⊥ヨ͡ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠

ヲ∀ ∇ヰャ∠ヱ∠ ょ ∀ バ͡ ャ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケゴ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ョ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ケ⊥ やｚギヤ∠ャヱ∠ (31. They indeed are losers who denied t heir meet ing wit h Allah, unt il all of a sudden, t he Hour (signs of deat h) is upon t hem, and t hey say: "Alas for us t hat we gave no t hought t o it ,'' while t hey will bear t heir burdens on t heir backs; and evil indeed are t he burdens t hat t hey will bear!) (32. And t he life of t his world is not hing but play and amusement . But far bet t er is t he abode of t he Hereaft er for t hose have Taqwa. Will you not t hen underst and)

Allah describes the regret of the disbelievers when facing Him, and their disappointment at the commencement, along with their sorrow for not performing good deeds and for their evil deeds. This is why Allah said,

ゅ∠レ∠ゎ∠ゲ∇ジ∠エΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇デゲｚ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (unt il all of a sudden, t he Hour (signs of deat h) is upon t hem, and t hey say: "Alas for us t hat we gave no t hought t o it .'') ` It ' here refers t o eit her t he life of t his world, or t he affairs of t he Hereaft er. Allah's st at ement ,

￢∠ べ∠シ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ や∠コ∇ヱぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケゴ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ョ (while t hey will bear t heir burdens on t heir backs; and evil indeed are t he burdens t hat t hey will bear!) Asbat said t hat As-Suddi said, "Upon ent ering his grave, every unj ust person will meet a man wit h an ugly face, dark skin, awful odor, wearing dirt y clot hes, who will ent er his grave wit h him. When t he unj ust person sees him, he will say, ` How ugly is your face!' He will reply, ` So was your work, it was ugly.' The unj ust person will say, ` How foul is t he odor coming from you!' He will reply, ` Such was t he case wit h your work, it st unk.' The unj ust person will say, ` How dirt y are your clot hes!' He will reply, ` And your work t oo was dirt y.' The unj ust person will ask, ` Who are you' He will reply, ` I am your deeds.' So he will remain wit h t he unj ust person in his grave, and when he is resurrect ed on t he Day of Resurrect ion, his companion will say t o him, ` In t he life of t he world, I used t o carry you because you followed desire and lust . Today, you carry me.' So he will ride on t he unj ust person's back and lead him unt il he ent ers t he Fire. So Allah said,

￢∠ べ∠シ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ や∠コ∇ヱぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケゴ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ョ (while t hey will bear t heir burdens on t heir backs; and evil indeed are t he burdens t hat t hey will bear!) 6:31 '' Allah's st at ement ,

びヲ∀ ∇ヰャ∠ヱ∠ ょ ∀ バ͡ ャ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t he life of t his world is not hing but play and amusement .) means, most of it is play and amusement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ケ⊥ やｚギヤ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (But far bet t er is t he abode of t he Hereaft er for t hose who have Taqwa. Will you not t hen underst and)

Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや マ ∠ ル⊥ ゴ⊥ ∇エΒ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ - ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∠エ∇イ∠Α ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ダ ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リョあ ∀モシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ろよ∠ グあ ミ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ メ ∠ ギあ ら∠ ョ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ダル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎぺ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥クヱ⊥ぺヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よグあ ミ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや み͡ら∠ ルｚ リ͡ョ ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ ャ͡ ラ∠ぺ ろ ∠ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ラ͡みプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ッ ⊥ や∠ゲ∇ハま͡ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゲ∠ ら⊥ ミ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔ヨｚヤシ ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔ボ∠ヘル∠ ヴ ∠ ピ͡ わ∠ ∇らゎ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ヨ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ る∃ Α∠ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほわ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ⊥ Β͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ん⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠

(33. We know indeed t he grief which t heir words cause you; it is not you t hat t hey deny, but it is t he verses of Allah t hat t he wrongdoers deny.) (34. Verily, (many) Messengers were denied before you, but wit h pat ience t hey bore t he denial, and t hey were hurt , t ill Our help reached t hem, and none can alt er t he Words of Allah. Surely, t here has reached you t he informat ion about t he Messengers (before you).) (35. If t heir aversion is hard on you, t hen if you were able t o seek a t unnel in t he ground or a ladder t o t he sky, so t hat you may bring t hem a sign. And had Allah willed, He could have gat hered t hem t oget her upon t rue guidance, so be not you one of t he ignorant .) (36. It is only t hose who list en, t hat will respond, but as for t he dead, Allah will raise t hem up, t hen t o Him t hey will be ret urned.)

Comforting the Prophet Allah comfort s t he Prophet in his grief over his people's denial and defiance of him,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや マ ∠ ル⊥ ゴ⊥ ∇エΒ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (We know indeed t he grief which t heir words cause you;) meaning, We know about t heir denial of you and your sadness and sorrow for t hem. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

びれ ∃ ゲ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ジ ⊥ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ょワ∠ ∇グゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So dest roy not yourself in sorrow for t hem.) 35:8 , and

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヘルｚ ∀ノ͡ガ⇒∠よ マ ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (It may be t hat you are going t o kill yourself wit h grief, t hat t hey do not become believers.) 26:3 , and,

∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡ま ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠をや∠￢ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヘルｚ ∀ノ͡ガ⇒∠よ マ ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔ヘ∠シぺ∠ ゑ ͡ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ (Perhaps, you, would kill yourself in grief, over t heir foot st eps (for t heir t urning away from you), because t hey believe not in t his narrat ion.) 18:6 Allah's st at ement ,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ギ∠エ∇イ∠Α (it is not you t hat t hey deny, but it is t he verses of Allah t hat t he wrongdoers deny.) means, t hey do not accuse you of being a liar,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギエ ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∠リΒ͡ヨ͡ヤ⇒ｚヌャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but it is t he Verses of Allah t hat t he wrongdoers deny. ) It is only t he t rut h t hat t hey rej ect and refuse. Muhammad bin Ishaq ment ioned t hat Az-Zuhri said t hat Abu Jahl, Abu Sufyan Sakhr bin Harb and Al-Akhnas bin Shurayq once came t o list en t o t he Prophet recit ing t he Qur'an at night , but t hese t hree men were not aware of t he presence of each ot her. So t hey list ened t o t he Prophet 's recit at ion unt il t he morning, and t hen left . They met each ot her on t heir way back and each one of t hem asked t he ot hers, "What brought you'' So t hey ment ioned t o each ot her t he reason why t hey came. They vowed not t o repeat t his incident so t hat t he young men of Quraysh would not hear of what t hey did and imit at e t hem. On t he second night , each one of t he t hree came back t hinking t hat t he ot her t wo would not come because of t he vows t hey made t o each ot her. In t he morning, t hey again met each ot her on t heir way back and crit icized each ot her, vowing not t o repeat what t hey did. On t he t hird night , t hey again went t o list en t o t he Prophet and in t he morning t hey again vowed not t o repeat t his incident . During t hat day, Al-Akhnas bin Shurayq t ook his st aff and went t o Abu Sufyan bin Harb in his house saying, "O Abu Hanzalah! What is your opinion concerning what you heard from Muhammad.'' Abu Sufyan said, "O Abu Tha` labah! By Allah, I have heard some t hings t hat I recognize and know t heir implicat ions. I also heard some t hings whose meaning and implicat ions were unknown t o me.'' Al-Akhnas said, "And I t he same, by He Whom you swore by!'' Al-Akhnas left Abu Sufyan and went t o Abu Jahl and asked him, "O Abu Al-Hakam! What is your opinion about what you heard from Muhammad. '' Abu Jahl said, "We compet ed wit h Bani ` Abd Manaf (t he Prophet 's subt ribe) and so we fed as t hey fed and gave away as t hey gave away. So, when we were neck and neck wit h t hem, j ust as t wo horses in a race, t hey said, ` There is a Prophet from among us, t o whom revelat ion from t he heaven comes.' So how can we ever beat t hem at t hat By Allah we will never believe in him or accept what he says.' This is when Al-Akhnas left Abu Jahl and went away.'' Allah's st at ement ,

ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ダ ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ∀モシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ろよ∠ グあ ミ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ダル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎぺ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥クヱ⊥ぺヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よグあ ミ⊥ (Verily, (many) Messengers were denied before you, but wit h pat ience t hey bore t he denial, and t hey were hurt , t ill Our help reached t hem,) This comfort s t he Prophet 's concern for t hose who denied and rej ect ed him. Allah also commands t he Prophet t o be pat ient , j ust as t he might y Messengers before him were. He also promised him vict ory, j ust as t he previous Messengers were vict orious and t he good end was t heirs, aft er t he denial and harm t heir people placed on t hem. Then, vict ory came t o t hem in t his life, j ust as vict ory is t heirs in t he Hereaft er. Allah said,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ ャ͡ メ ∠ ギあ ら∠ ョ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and none can alt er t he Words of Allah.) This refers t o His decision t hat vict ory in t his life and t he Hereaft er is for His believing servant s. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ャ͡ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡⇒∠ピ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ルギ∠ レ⊥ィ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケヲ⊥ダレ∠ヨ∇ャや (And, verily, Our Word has gone fort h of old for Our servant s, t he Messengers. That t hey verily would be made t riumphant . And t hat Our host s, t hey verily would be t he vict ors.) 37:171173 , and,

ン ｘ ヲ͡ ホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ͡ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ リ ｚ ら∠ ヤ͡∇ビΙ ∂ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ぴ び ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ (Allah has decreed: "Verily! It is I and My Messengers who shall be t he vict orious.'' Verily, Allah is All-Powerful, Almight y.) 58:21 Allah said;

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや み͡ら∠ ルｚ リ͡ョ ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (Surely, t here has reached you t he informat ion about t he Messengers (before you).) who were given vict ory and prevailed over t he people who rej ect ed t hem. And you (O Muhammad ), have a good example in t hem. Allah said next ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ッ ⊥ やゲ∠ ∇ハま͡ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゲ∠ ら⊥ ミ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (If t heir aversion is hard on you,) and you cannot be pat ient because of t heir aversion,

∇ヱぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔ボ∠ヘル∠ ヴ ∠ ピ͡ わ∠ ∇らゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ろ ∠ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ び͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔ヨｚヤシ ⊥ (t hen if you were able t o seek a t unnel in t he ground or a ladder t o t he sky...) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "If you were able t o seek a t unnel and bring t hem an Ayah, or go up a ladder in t he sky and bring a bet t er Ayah t han t he one I (Allah) gave t hem, t hen do t hat .'' Similar was report ed from Qat adah, As-Suddi and ot hers. Allah's st at ement ,

リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ヨ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡

(And had Allah willed, He could have gat hered t hem t oget her upon t rue guidance, so be not you one of t he ignorant .) is similar t o His st at ement ,

∇ユヰ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ リ ∠ ョ∠ Γ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ (And had your Lord willed, t hose on eart h would have believed, all of t hem t oget her) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about Allah's st at ement ,

びン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ヨ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And had Allah willed, He could have gat hered t hem t oget her upon t rue guidance,) "The Messenger of Allah was eager t hat all people believe and be guided t o follow him. Allah t old him t hat only t hose whose happiness Allah has writ t en in t he first Dhikr will believe.'' Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ⊥ Β͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (It is only t hose who list en, t hat will respond,) means, only t hose who hear t he speech, comprehend and underst and it , will accept your call, O Muhammad ! In anot her Ayah, Allah said;

リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ペ ｚエ ͡ Α∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ェ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥Βャあぴ び (That it may give warning t o him who is living, and t hat t he Word may be j ust ified against t he disbelievers.) 36:70 . Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ん⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲ∠ヨ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (but as for t he dead, Allah will raise t hem up, t hen t o Him t hey will be ret urned.) refers t o t he disbelievers because t heir heart s are dead. Therefore, Allah resembled t hem t o dead corpses as a way of mocking and belit t ling t hem, saying,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ん⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲ∠ヨ∇ャや∠ヱぴ

(but as for t he dead (disbelievers), Allah will raise t hem up, t hen t o Him t hey will be ret urned (for t heir recompense).)

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ヮ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∀る∠Αや∠￢ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴあ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ る⇔ Α∠ や￢ メ ∃ ゴあ レ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ケ͡キゅ∠ホ ゲ∃ も͡ ゅ∠デ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇デゲｚ プ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ん∇ョぺ∠ ∀ユ∠ョぺ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βェ ∠ ゅ∠レイ ∠ よ͡ ゲ⊥ Β͡トΑ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ｚユを⊥ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ャや リ∠ョ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ∀ユ∇ムよ⊥ ∠ヱ ユｘ タ ⊥ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∇⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ほゼ ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ヤヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや み͡ゼ ∠ Α∠ び ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ (37. And t hey said: "Why is not a sign sent down t o him from his Lord'' Say: "Allah is cert ainly able t o send down a sign, but most of t hem know not .'') (38. There is not a moving creat ure on eart h, nor a bird t hat flies wit h it s t wo wings, but are Umam like you. We have neglect ed not hing in t he Book, t hen unt o t heir Lord t hey (all) shall be gat hered.) (39. Those who rej ect Our Ayat are deaf and dumb in darkness. Allah sends ast ray whom He wills and He guides on t he st raight pat h whom He wills.)

The Idolators Ask for a Miracle Allah st at es t hat t he idolat ors used t o proclaim, "Why does not (Muhammad) bring an Ayah from his Lord,'' meaning, a miracle of t heir choice! They would somet imes say,

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゲ∠ イ ⊥ ∇ヘゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャぴ びゅ⇔ハヲ⊥ら∇レΑ∠ ("We shall not believe in you, unt il you cause a spring t o gush fort h from t he ground for us.'') 17:90 .

リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ る⇔ Α∠ や￢ メ ∃ ゴあ レ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ケ͡キゅ∠ホ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ (Say: "Allah is cert ainly able t o send down a sign, but most of t hem know not .'') Cert ainly, Allah is able t o send an Ayah (sign). But , He decided out of His wisdom t o delay t hat , because if He sends an Ayah of t heir liking and t hey st ill do not believe, t his will hast en t heir punishment as wit h t he previous nat ions. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲルぁ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レバ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ヌ ∠ プ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ダ ͡ ∇らョ⊥ る∠ ホ∠ ゅｚレャや キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱｚ Ι ｘや び ゅ⇔ヘΑ͡ヲ∇ガゎ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲル⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (And not hing st ops Us from sending t he Ayat but t hat t he people of old denied t hem. And We sent t he she-camel t o Thamud as a clear sign, but t hey did her wrong. And We sent not t he signs except t o warn, and t o make t hem afraid (of dest ruct ion).) 17:59 , and,

∇ろヤｚヌ ∠ プ∠ る⇔ Α∠ や￢∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇メゴあ レ∠ ル⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ ルｚ ラ͡まぴ びリ ∠ Β͡バツ ͡ ⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠ (If We will, We could send down t o t hem from t he heaven a sign, t o which t hey would bend t heir necks in humilit y) 26:4 .

The Meaning of Umam Allah said,

ゲ⊥ Β͡トΑ∠ ゲ∃ も͡ ゅ∠デ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ん∇ョぺ∠ ∀ユ∠ョぺ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βェ ∠ ゅ∠レイ ∠ よ͡ (There is not a moving (living) creat ure on eart h, nor a bird t hat flies wit h it s t wo wings, but are Umam like you.) Muj ahid comment ed, "Meaning, various species t hat have dist inct names.'' Qat adah said, "Birds are an Ummah, humans are an Ummah and t he Jinns are an Ummah.'' AsSuddi said t hat ,

び∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ん∇ョぺ∠ ∀ユ∠ョぺ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (but are Umam like you.) means, creat ions (or species). Allah's st at ement ,

び￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇デゲｚ プ∠ ゅｚョぴ (We have neglect ed not hing in t he Book,) means, t he knowledge about all t hings is wit h Allah, and He never forget s any of His creat ures, nor t heir sust enance, nor t heir affairs, whet her t hese creat ures live in t he sea or on land. In anot her Ayah, Allah said;

ゅ∠ヰホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ゅ∠ヰハ ∠ キ∠ ∇ヲわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワゲｚ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ び (And no moving creat ure is t here on eart h but it s provision is due from Allah. And He knows it s dwelling place and it s deposit (in t he ut erus, grave, et c.). All is in a Clear Book.) 11:6 , t here is a record of t heir names, numbers, movement s, and lack of movement . In anot her Ayah, Allah said;

ゅ∠ヰホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠ヰホ∠ ∇コケ͡ モ ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ｚ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リあョ リあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ (And so many a moving creat ure t here is, t hat carries not it s own provision! Allah provides for it and for you. And He is t he All-Hearer, t he All-Knower.) 29:60 Ibn Abi Hat im report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about t he Ayah,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen unt o t heir Lord t hey (all) shall be gat hered.) "Deat h gat hers t hem.'' It was also said t hat t he Day of Resurrect ion gat hers t hem, for in anot her Ayah, Allah said;

び ∇れゲ∠ ゼ ͡ェ ⊥ ス ⊥ ヲ⊥ェヲ⊥ ∇ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he wild beast s shall be gat hered t oget her.) 81:5 ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said about Allah's st at ement ,

￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇デゲｚ プ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ん∇ョぺ∠ ∀ユ∠ョぺ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ｚユを⊥ (but are Umam like you. We have neglect ed not hing in t he Book, t hen unt o t heir Lord t hey (all) shall be gat hered.) "All creat ures will be gat hered on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t he beast s, birds and all ot hers. Allah's j ust ice will be so perfect , t hat t he un-horned sheep will receive ret ribut ion from t he horned sheep. Allah will t hen command t hem, ` Be dust !' This is when t he disbeliever will say,

びゅ⇔よ∠ゲゎ⊥ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βヤ∠⇒∠Αぴ ("Woe t o me! Would t hat I were dust !'')'' 78: 40 . And t his was report ed from t he Prophet in t he Hadit h about t he Trumpet .

The Disbelievers will be Deaf and Mute in Darkness Allah said,

びろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ∀ユ∇ムよ⊥ ∠ヱ ユｘ タ ⊥ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∇⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (Those who rej ect Our Ayat are deaf and dumb in darkness.) due t o t heir ignorance, lit t le knowledge and minut e comprehension. Their example is t hat of t he deaf-mut e who cannot hear nor speak, as well as being blinded by darkness. Therefore, how can such a person find guidance t o t he pat h or change t he condit ion he is in Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ゅ∠ョ ∇れ￢∠ ゅ∠ッぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ギ∠ ホ∠ ∇ヲわ∠ ∇シや ン͡グャｚや モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ョ∠ ぴ Ι ｚ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ミ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥レよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ょ ∠ ワ∠ ク∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∀ヴ∇ヨハ ⊥ ∀ユ∇ムよ⊥ ユｘ タ ⊥ - ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ダ∇らΑ⊥ (Their parable is t hat of one who kindled a fire; t hen, when it illuminat ed all around him, Allah t ook away t heir light and left t hem in darkness. (So) t hey could not see. They are deaf, dumb, and blind, so t hey ret urn not (t o t he right pat h)) 2:17-18 , and,

ヮ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リあョ ∀ァ∇ヲ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ゼ∇ピ∠Α ヴ ｙイ あ ャぁ ゲ∃ ∇エよ∠ ヴ͡プ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ⊥ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゅ∠ヰツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∀ろ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ ∀ゆゅ∠エ∠シ ヮ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リあョ ∀ァ∇ヲ∠ョ

モ ͡ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ワや∠ゲΑ∠ ∇ギム∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ Α∠ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ び ケ∃ ヲ⊥ル リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (Or like t he darkness in a vast deep sea, overwhelmed wit h a great wave t opped by a great wave, t opped by dark clouds, darkness, one above anot her, if a man st ret ches out his hand, he can hardly see it ! And he for whom Allah has not appoint ed light , for him t here is no light . ) 24:40 This is why Allah said here,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ほゼ ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ヤヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや み͡ゼ ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョぴ びユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ (Allah sends ast ray whom He wills and He guides on t he st raight pat h whom He wills.) for He does what He wills wit h His creat ures.

る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅジ ｚ ャや ∇ユム⊥ ∇わゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ゎぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ユ⊥ムわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヮ⊥ ⇒ｚΑま͡ ∇モよ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ レ∠ゎヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ラま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ブ ⊥ ゼ ͡ ∇ムΒ∠ プ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ユ∃ ョ∠ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レヤ∠シ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゲｚ ツ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ͡￢へｚゲツ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ͡￢べ∠シ∇ほ∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グカ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∇ろジ ∠ ホ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハゲｚ ツ ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠レシ ⊥ ∇ほよ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ Ι∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ や∂ヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Αｚ コ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ あモミ⊥ ゆ ∠ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミあ ク⊥ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ェゲ͡ プ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ よ͡ や∠キ ノ∠ ト ͡ ボ⊥ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジヤ͡∇らョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ

(40. Say: "Tell me if Allah's t orment comes upon you, or t he Hour comes upon you, would you t hen call upon any one ot her t han Allah (Reply) if you are t rut hful!'') (41. Nay! To Him alone you call, and, if He willed, He would remove t hat (dist ress) for which you call upon Him, and you forget at t hat t ime what ever part ners you j oined wit h Him (in worship)!) (42. Verily, We sent (Messengers) t o many nat ions before you. And We seized t hem wit h ext reme povert y and loss of healt h so t hat t hey might believe wit h humilit y.) (43. When Our t orment reached t hem, why t hen did t hey not believe wit h humilit y But t heir heart s became hardened, and Shayt an made fair-seeming t o t hem t hat which t hey used t o do.) (44. So, when t hey forgot (t he warning) wit h which t hey had been reminded, We opened t o t hem t he gat es of every (pleasant ) t hing, unt il in t he midst of t heir enj oyment in t hat which t hey were given, all of a sudden, We t ook t hem t o punishment , and lo! They were plunged int o dest ruct ion wit h deep regret s and sorrows.) (45. So t he root s of t he people who did wrong were cut off. And all t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah, t he Lord of t he all t hat exist s.)

The Idolators Call On Allah Alone During Torment and Distress Allah st at es t hat He does what He wills wit h His creat ures and none can resist His decision or avert what He decrees for t hem. He is t he One Who has no part ners, Who accept s t he supplicat ion from whomever He wills. Allah said,

る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ∇ユム⊥ ∇わゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ゎぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ユ⊥ムわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ぺ∠ (Say: "Tell me if Allah's t orment comes upon you, or t he Hour comes upon you, would you t hen call upon any one ot her t han Allah (Reply) if you are t rut hful!'') This means, you -- disbelievers -- will not call ot her t han Allah in t his case, because you know t hat none except He is able t o remove t he afflict ion. Allah said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まぴ (if you are t rut hful) by t aking gods besides Him.

￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ラま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ブ ⊥ ゼ ͡ ∇ムΒ∠ プ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒ｚΑま͡ ∇モよ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ レ∠ゎヱ∠ (Nay! To Him alone you call, and, if He willed, He would remove t hat (dist ress) for which you call upon Him, and you forget at t hat t ime what ever part ners you j oined wit h Him (in worship)!) for in t imes of necessit y, you only call on Allah and forget your idols and false deit ies. In anot her Ayah, Allah said;

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ リ∠ョ モ ｚッ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゲぁ ツ ぁ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚジョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びロ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ Ι ∠ ま͡ (And when harm t ouches you upon t he sea, t hose t hat you call upon besides Him vanish from you except Him (Allah)) 17:67 . Allah said;

∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グカ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ユ∃ ョ∠ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レヤ∠シ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び￢͡ べ∠シ∇ほら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (Verily, We sent (Messengers) t o many nat ions before you. And We seized t hem wit h ext reme povert y...) That is, loss of wealt h and diminished provisions,

び￢͡ へｚゲツ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (and loss of healt h) various illnesses, diseases and pain,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゲｚ ツ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (so t hat t hey might believe wit h humilit y) and call Allah and supplicat e t o Him wit h humbleness and humilit y. Allah said;

び∇やヲ⊥ハゲｚ ツ ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠レシ ⊥ ∇ほよ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ Ι∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (When Our t orment reached t hem, why t hen did t hey not believe wit h humilit y) Meaning: Why do t hey not believe and humble t hemselves before Us when We t est t hem wit h disast er'

び∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ろジ ∠ ホ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (But t heir heart s became hardened,) for t heir heart s are not soft or humble,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ や∂ヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Αｚ コ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and Shayt an made fair-seeming t o t hem t hat which t hey used t o do. ) That is, Shirk, defiance and rebellion.

びヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミあ ク⊥ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (So, when t hey forgot (t he warning) wit h which t hey had been reminded,) by ignoring and t urning away from it ,

び￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ゆ ∠ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ぴ (We opened t o t hem t he gat es of everyt hing,) Meaning: ` We opened t he gat es of provisions for t hem from wherever t hey wished, so t hat We deceive t hem.' We seek refuge wit h Allah from such an end. This is why Allah said,

び∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ェゲ͡ プ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ f(unt il in t he midst of t heir enj oyment in t hat which t hey were given,) such as wealt h, children and provisions,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジヤ͡∇らョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (all of a sudden, We t ook t hem t o punishment and lo! They were plunged int o dest ruct ion wit h deep regret s and sorrows.) They have no hope for any t ype of good t hing. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "Whomever Allah gives provision and he t hinks t hat Allah is not t est ing him, has no wisdom. Whomever has lit t le provision and t hinks t hat Allah will not look at (provide for) him, has no wisdom.'' He t hen recit ed t he Ayah,

あモミ⊥ ゆ ∠ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミあ ク⊥ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ェゲ͡ プ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジヤ͡∇らョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ (So, when t hey forgot (t he warning) wit h which t hey had been reminded, We opened t o t hem t he gat es of every (pleasant ) t hing, unt il in t he midst of t heir enj oyment in t hat which t hey were given, all of a sudden, We t ook t hem t o punishment , and lo! They were plunged int o dest ruct ion wit h deep regret s and sorrows.) He added, "By t he Lord of t he Ka` bah! Allah deceived t hese people, when He gave t hem what t hey wished, and t hen t hey were punished.'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t his st at ement .

ユ∠ わ∠ カ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ∇ヨシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルや ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ∇リョｚ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プギ͡ ∇ダΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘや フ ⊥ あゲダ ∠ ル⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇モワ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ゎぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲル⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ⊥ ヤ∠∇ヰΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ケグ͡ レ⊥ョヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲゼ あ ら∠ ョ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲル⊥ ゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ⊥ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ぁジヨ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ (46. Say: "Tell me, if Allah t ook away your hearing and your sight , and sealed up your heart s, is t here a god ot her t han Allah who could rest ore t hem t o you'' See how variously We explain t he Ayat , yet t hey t urn aside.) (47. Say: "Tell me, if t he punishment of Allah comes t o you suddenly, or openly, will any be dest royed except t he wrongdoing people'') (48. And We send not t he Messengers but as givers of glad t idings and as warners. So whosoever believes and does right eous good deeds, upon such shall come no fear, nor shall t hey grieve.) (49. But t hose who rej ect Our Ayat , t he t orment will st rike t hem for t heir rebelling.) Allah said t o His Messenger, say, O Muhammad , t o t hose rebellious liars,

び∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ∇ヨシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Tell me, if Allah t ook away your hearing and your sight .) j ust as He gave t hese senses t o you. In anot her Ayah, Allah said;

びゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ノ∠ ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (It is He Who has creat ed you, and endowed you wit h hearing, seeing.) 67:23 . The Ayah above might also mean t hat Allah will not allow t he disbelievers t o benefit from t hese senses in religious t erms. This is why He said next ,

び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ∠ わ∠ カ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and sealed up your heart s,.) He also said in ot her Ayat ,

びゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ やヱ ノ∠ ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ リｚョぺ∠ぴ (Or who owns hearing and sight ) 10:31 , and,

びヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥エΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱぴ (And know t hat Allah comes in bet ween a person and his heart .) Allah said;

びヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ∇リョｚ ぴ (Is t here a god ot her t han Allah who could rest ore t hem t o you) Meaning, is t here anyone except Allah who is able t o give you back t hese senses if Allah t ook t hem from you Only Allah is able t o do so, and t his is why He said here,

びろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘやフ ⊥ あゲダ ∠ ル⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルやぴ (See how variously We explain t he Ayat ,) and make t hem plain and clear, t est ifying t o Allah's Oneness in lordship and t hat t hose worshipped besides Him are all false and unwort hy.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥プギ͡ ∇ダΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (yet t hey t urn aside.) Aft er t his explanat ion, t hey st ill t urn away from t he t rut h and hinder people from following it . Allah's st at ement ,

びる⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ゎぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Tell me, if t he punishment of Allah comes t o you suddenly...'') means, while you are unaware -- or during t he night -- st riking you all of a sudden,

びり⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or openly) during t he day, or publicly,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ⊥ ヤ∠∇ヰΑ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ぴ

(will any be dest royed except t he wrongdoing people) This t orment only st rikes t hose who commit inj ust ice against t hemselves by associat ing ot hers wit h Allah, while t hose who worship Allah alone wit hout part ners will be saved from it , and t hey will have no fear or sorrow. In anot her Ayah, Allah said;

びユ∃ ∇ヤヌ ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ジら͡ ∇ヤΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (It is t hose who believe and confuse not t heir belief wit h Zulm, (wrong or Shirk).) 6:82 Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Α͡ケグ͡ レ⊥ョヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲゼ あ ら∠ ョ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲル⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We send not t he Messengers but as bearers of glad t idings and as warners.) means, t he Messengers bring good news t o Allah's servant s, as well as, command all t hat is good and right eous. They also warn t hose who disbelieve in Allah of His anger and of all t ypes of t orment . Allah said,

びウ ∠ ヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So whosoever believes and does right eous good deeds.) meaning, whoever believes in his heart wit h what t he Messengers were sent wit h and makes his works right eous by imit at ing t hem;

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (upon such shall come no fear,) concerning t he fut ure,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor shall t hey grieve.) about what t hey missed in t he past and left behind t hem in t his world. Cert ainly, Allah will be t he Wali and Prot ect or over what t hey left behind. Allah said next ,

∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ぁジヨ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ⊥ ∇ヘΑ∠ (But t hose who rej ect Our Ayat , t he t orment will st rike t hem for t heir rebelling.) The t orment will st rike t hem because of disbelieving in t he Message of t he Messengers, defying Allah's commands, commit t ing what He prohibit ed and t ransgressing His set limit s.

ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ Ι∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ⊥ も͡ へ∠ゴカ ∠ ン͡ギレ͡ハ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ Ι ｚ モ⊥ホぴ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ノ⊥ ら͡ ゎｚ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ マ ∀ ヤ∠ョ∠ ヴあルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ Ι∠ヱ ょ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ゲ⊥ Β͡ダら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠ヨ∇ハΙ ｘ や ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ∇モワ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ケグ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ∀ノΒ͡ヘ∠セ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ｘ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キ͡ ゲ⊥ ∇トゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚ∠バャｚ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ヴ あゼ ͡ バ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ り͡ や∠ギピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ キ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇トわ∠ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ｚ ョ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワぺ∠ ∇やヲャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャあ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅｚレわ∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャゅ͡よ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇ハほ∠よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ べ∠レレ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リあョ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠プ∠ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ ｚユを⊥ る∃ ャ∠ゅ∠ヰイ ∠ よ͡ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ (50. Say: "I don't t ell you t hat wit h me are t he t reasures of Allah, nor (t hat ) I know t he Unseen; nor do I t ell you t hat I am an angel. I but follow what is revealed t o me.'' Say: "Are t he blind and t he one who sees equal Will you not t hen consider'') (51. And warn t herewit h t hose who fear t hat t hey will be gat hered before t heir Lord, when t here will be neit her a prot ect or nor an int ercessor for t hem besides Him, so t hat t hey may have Taqwa.) (52. And t urn not away t hose who invoke t heir Lord, morning and evening seeking His Face. You are account able for t hem in not hing, and t hey are account able for you in not hing, t hat you may t urn t hem away, and t hus become of t he wrongdoers.) (53. Thus We have t ried some of t hem wit h ot hers, t hat t hey might say: "Is it t hese (poor believers) t hat Allah has favored from amongst us'' Does not Allah know best t hose who are grat eful) (54. When t hose who believe in Our Ayat come t o you, say:

"Salamun ` Alaykum'' (peace be on you); your Lord has writ t en mercy for Himself, so t hat , if any of you does evil in ignorance, and t hereaft er repent s and does right eous good deeds, t hen surely, He is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

The Messenger Neither has the Key to Allah's Treasures, Nor Knows the Unseen Allah said t o His Messenger ,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ⊥ も͡ へ∠ゴカ ∠ ン͡ギレ͡ハ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ Ι ｚ モ⊥ホぴ (Say: "I don't t ell you t hat wit h me are t he t reasures of Allah.'') meaning, I do not own Allah's t reasures or have any power over t hem,

びょ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ Ι∠ヱぴ (nor (t hat ) I know t he Unseen,) and I do not say t hat I know t he Unseen, because it s knowledge is wit h Allah and I only know what He conveys of it t o me.

びマ ∀ ヤ∠ョ∠ ヴあルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ Ι∠ヱぴ (nor I t ell you t hat I am an angel.) meaning, I do not claim t hat I am an angel. I am only a human t o whom Allah sends revelat ion, and He honored me wit h t his dut y and favored me wit h it .

びヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ノ⊥ ら͡ ゎｚ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ぴ (I but follow what is revealed t o me.) and I never disobey t he revelat ion in t he least .

びゲ⊥ Β͡ダら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠ヨ∇ハΙ ｘ や ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ∇モワ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Are t he blind and t he one who sees equal'') meaning, ` Is t he one who is guided, following t he t rut h, equal t o t he one misled'

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Will you not t hen consider) In anot her Ayah, Allah said;

∇リヨ∠ ミ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ リ∠ヨ∠プ∠ぺぴ びょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ ∠ や ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ⊥ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ヴ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ (Shall he t hen who knows t hat what has been revealed t o you from your Lord is t he t rut h, be like him who is blind But it is only t he men of underst anding t hat pay heed.) 13:19 Allah's st at ement ,

∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ケグ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ び∀ノΒ͡ヘ∠セ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ｘ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ (And warn t herewit h t hose who fear t hat t hey will be gat hered before t heir Lord, when t here will be neit her a prot ect or nor an int ercessor for t hem besides Him,) means, warn wit h t his Qur'an, O Muhammad ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョぁ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ る͡ Β∇ゼカ ∠ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who live in awe for fear of t heir Lord) 23:57 , who,

びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ャや ￢∠ ヲ⊥シ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガΑ∠ ヲ∠ ヨ⊥ヰよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ぴ (Fear t heir Lord, and dread t he t errible reckoning.) 13:21 ,

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (t hose who fear t hat t hey will be gat hered before t heir Lord,) on t he Day of Resurrect ion,

び∀ノΒ͡ヘ∠セ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ｘ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ (when t here will be neit her a prot ect or nor an int ercessor for t hem besides Him, ) for on t hat Day, t hey will have no relat ive or int ercessor who can prevent His t orment if He decides t o punish t hem wit h it ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ

(so t hat t hey may have Taqwa.) Therefore, warn of t he Day when t here will be no j udge except Allah,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (so t hat t hey may have Taqwa.) and t hus work good deeds in t his life, so t hat t heir good deeds may save t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion from Allah's t orment , and so t hat He will grant t hem mult iple rewards.

Prohibiting the Messenger from Turning the Weak Away and the Order to Honor Them Allah said,

ヴ あゼ ͡ バ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ り͡ や∠ギピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キ͡ ゲ⊥ ∇トゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ (And t urn not away t hose who invoke t heir Lord, morning and evening seeking His Face.) meaning, do not t urn away t hose who have t hese qualit ies, inst ead make t hem your companions and associat es. In anot her Ayah, Allah said;

り͡ や∠ギピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ノ∠ ョ∠ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タや∠ヱぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ポ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βハ ∠ ギ⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ヴ あゼ ͡ バ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ら∠ ∇ヤホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヘ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇ノト ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや る∠ レ∠ Α͡コ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲゎ⊥ び ゅ⇔デゲ⊥ プ⊥ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ヲワ∠ ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ (And keep yourself pat ient ly wit h t hose who call on t heir Lord morning and evening, seeking His Face, and let not your eyes overlook t hem, desiring t he pomp and glit t er of t he life of t he world; and obey not him whose heart We have made heedless of Our remembrance, one who follows his own lust s and whose affair (deeds) has been lost .) 18:28 Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ぴ (invoke t heir Lord...) refers t o t hose who worship Him and supplicat e t o Him,

びヴ あゼ ͡ バ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ り͡ や∠ギピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よぴ (morning and evening.) referring t o t he obligat ory prayers, according t o Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan and Qat adah. In anot her Ayah, Allah said;

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ょイ ͡ わ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ハ∇キや ∇ユ⇒⊥ムよぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And your Lord said, "Invoke Me, I will respond (t o your invocat ion).'') 40:60 , I will accept your supplicat ion. Allah said next ,

びヮ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ぴ (seeking His Face.) meaning, t hey seek Allah's Most Generous Face, by sincerit y for Him in t he act s of worship and obedience t hey perform. Allah said;

マ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ び￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (You are account able for t hem in not hing, and t hey are account able for you in not hing,) This is similar t o t he answer Nuh gave t o his people when t hey said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャク∠ ∇ケΙ ｘやマ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ぺ∠ぴ (Shall we believe in you, when t he meekest (of t he people) follow you'') answered t hem,

26:111 . Nuh

∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ∇ラま͡ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヴ͡ヨ∇ヤ͡ハ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ (And what knowledge have I of what t hey used t o do Their account is only wit h my Lord, if you could (but ) know.) 26:112-113 , meaning, t heir reckoning is for Allah not me, j ust as my reckoning is not up t o t hem. Allah said here,

び∠リΒ͡ヨ͡ヤ⇒ｚヌャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ キ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇トわ∠ プ∠ ぴ

(t hat you may t urn t hem away, and t hus become of t he wrongdoers.) meaning, you will be unj ust if you t urn t hem away. Allah's st at ement ,

びヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅｚレわ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (Thus We have t ried some of t hem wit h ot hers) means, We t est ed, t ried and checked t hem wit h each ot her,

びべ∠レレ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リあョ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ｚ ョ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワぺ∠ ∇やヲャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャあぴ (That t hey might say: "Is it t hese (poor believers) t hat Allah has favored from amongst us'') This is because at first , most of t hose who followed t he Messenger of Allah were t he weak among t he people, men, women, slaves, and only a few chiefs or not ed men followed him. Nuh, was also addressed by his people

ン ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠よ ゅ∠レャ⊥ク͡ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や ポ ∠ や∠ゲル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びン∇ぺゲｚ ャや (Nor do we see any follow you but t he meekest among us and t hey (t oo) followed you wit hout t hinking.) 11:27 KHeraclius, emperor of Rome, asked Abu Sufyan, "Do t he noblemen or t he weak among people follow him (Muhammad )'' Abu Sufyan replied, "Rat her t he weak among t hem.'' Heraclius comment ed, "Such is t he case wit h followers of t he Messengers.'' The idolat ors of Quraysh used t o mock t he weak among t hem who believed in t he Prophet and t hey even t ort ured some of t hem. They used t o say, "Are t hese t he ones whom Allah favored above us,'' meaning, Allah would not guide t hese people, inst ead of us, t o all t hat is good, if indeed what t hey embraced is good. Allah ment ioned similar st at ement s in t he Qur'an from t he disbelievers,

びヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠ルヲ⊥ボら∠ シ ∠ ゅｚョ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ (Had it been a good t hing, t hey (weak and poor) would not have preceded us t o it !) 46:11 , and,

∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ろ ∃ ⇒∠レΒあ よ͡ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ リ ͡ ∇Βボ∠ Α͡ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや ン ぁ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ び ゅ⇔Α∂ ギ͡ ル∠

(And when Our clear verses are recit ed t o t hem, t hose who disbelieve say t o t hose who believe: "Which of t he t wo groups is best in posit ion and st at ion.'') 19:73 Allah said in reply,

ゅ⇔をゅ∠をぺ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ラ ∃ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔Α∇￢ケ͡ ヱ∠ (And how many a generat ion (past nat ions) have We dest royed before t hem, who were bet t er in wealt h, goods and out ward appearance) 19:74 . Here, Allah answered t he disbelievers when t hey said,

ユ∠ ヤ∠∇ハほ∠よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ べ∠レレ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リあョ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ｚ ョ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワぺ∠ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャゅ͡よ ("Is it t hese (poor believers) t hat Allah has favored from amongst us'' Does not Allah know best t hose who are grat eful) Meaning is not Allah more knowledgeable of t hose who t hank and appreciat e Him in st at ement , act ion and heart Thus Allah direct s t hese believers t o t he ways of peace, t ransfers t hem from darkness t o light by His leave, and guides t hem t o t he st raight pat h. In anot her Ayah, Allah said;

ノ∠ ヨ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠レヤ∠ら⊥ シ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰレ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レΒ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや (As for t hose who st rive hard for Us (Our cause), We will surely guide t hem t o Our pat hs (i.e. Allah's religion). And verily, Allah is wit h t he doers of good'') 29:69 . An aut hent ic Hadit h st at es,

∩∇ユム⊥ ル͡ や∠ヲ∇ャぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヲ∠ タ ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» «ユ⊥ムャ͡ゅ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ (Allah does not look at your shapes or colors, but He looks at your heart and act ions.) Allah's st at ement ,

∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠

(When t hose who believe in Our Ayat come t o you, say: "Salamun ` Alaykum'' (peace be on you);) means, honor t hem by ret urning t he Salam and give t hem t he good news of Allah's exclusive, encompassing mercy for t hem. So Allah said;

びる∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (your Lord has writ t en Mercy for Himself,) meaning, He has obliged His Most Honored Self t o grant mercy, as a favor, out of His compassion and beneficence,

びる∃ ャ∠ゅ∠ヰイ ∠ よ͡ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ぴ (So t hat , if any of you does evil in ignorance...) as every person who disobeys Allah does it in ignorance,

びウ ∠ ヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and t hereaft er repent s and does right eous good deeds,) by repent ing from t he sins t hat he commit t ed, int ending not t o repeat t he sin in t he fut ure, but t o perform right eous deeds,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (t hen surely, He is Oft -Forgiving Most Merciful.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヶ͡プ ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ぶ ⊥ や ヴ∠ツホ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠» «ヶ͡らツ ∠ ビ ∠ ∇ろら∠ ヤ∠ビ ∠ ヶ͡わヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ :ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ (When Allah finished wit h t he creat ion, He wrot e in a Book t hat He has wit h Him above t he Throne, ` My mercy prevails over My anger'.) This Hadit h was also recorded in t he The Two Sahihs.

モ ⊥ Β͡らシ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡らわ∠ ∇ジわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘや モ ⊥ あダヘ∠ ル マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ヰル⊥ ヴあルま͡ ∇モホ⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや や⇔ク͡ま ろ ⊥ ∇ヤヤ∠ッ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ノ⊥ ら͡ ゎｚ ぺ∠ Ι ｚ ∇モホ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ

リあョ る∃ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴあルま͡ ∇モホ⊥ - リ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ͡ ま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ン͡ギレ͡ハ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥わ∇よグｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケｚ -リ ∠ Β͡ヤダ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ぁゾボ⊥ Α∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ Ι ｚ ま͡ ユ⊥ ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘやヴ ∠ツ ͡ ボ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ン͡ギレ͡ハ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャｚ モ⊥ホ ウ ⊥ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ヘョ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レ∇Βよ∠ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ ホ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ リ͡ョ テ ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ザ ∃ よ͡ ゅ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ∇デケ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ ヴ͡プ びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ (55. And t hus do We explain t he Ayat in det ail, t hat t he way of t he criminals, may become manifest .) (56. Say: "I have been forbidden t o worship t hose whom you invoke (worship) besides Allah.'' Say: "I will not follow your vain desires. If I did, I would go ast ray, and I would not be one of t he right ly guided.'') (57. Say: "I am on clear proof from my Lord, but you deny it . I do not have what you are hast ily seeking (t he t orment ). The decision is only for Allah, He declares t he t rut h, and He is t he best of j udges.'') (58. Say: "If I had t hat which you are asking for impat ient ly (t he t orment ), t he mat t er would have been set t led at once bet ween you and I, but Allah knows best t he wrongdoers.'') (59. And wit h Him are t he keys of t he Ghayb (all t hat is hidden), none knows t hem but He. And He knows what ever t here is on t he land and in t he sea; not a leaf falls, but he knows it . There is not a grain in t he darkness of t he eart h nor anyt hing fresh or dry, but is writ t en in a Clear Record.)

The Prophet Understands What He Conveys; Torment is in Allah's Hands Not the Prophet's Allah says, j ust as We ment ioned t he clear signs t hat t est ify and direct t o t he pat h of guidance, all t he while chast ising useless argument s and defiance,

びろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΓや モ ⊥ あダヘ∠ ル⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミぴ (And t hus do We explain t he Ayat in det ail,) t hat is, what ever responsible adult s need explained t o t hem, in t he affairs of life and religion,

びリ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ Β͡らシ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡らわ∠ ∇ジわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (That t he way of t he criminals may become manifest .) so t hat t he pat h of t he criminals who defy t he Prophet s is apparent and clear. This Ayah was also said t o mean, so t hat you, O Muhammad , are aware of t he pat h of t he criminals. Allah's st at ement ,

びヴあよケｚ リあョ る∃ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴあルま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "I am on clear proof from my Lord...'') means: I have a clear underst anding of t he Law of Allah t hat He has revealed t o me,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥わ∇よグｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (but you deny it .) meaning, but you disbelieve in t he t rut h t hat came t o me from Allah.

びヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ン͡ギレ͡ハ ゅ∠ョぴ (I do not have what you are hast ily seeking) meaning, t he t orment ,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャ Ι ｚ ま͡ ユ⊥ ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ͡ ま͡ぴ (The decision is only for Allah,) for t he ruling of t his is wit h Allah. If He wills, He will punish you soon in response t o your wish! If He wills, He will give you respit e, out of His great wisdom. This is why Allah said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤダ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ぁゾボ⊥ Α∠ ぴ (He declares t he t rut h, and He is t he best of j udges.) and t he best in reckoning bet ween His servant s. Allah's st at ement ,

ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘやヴ ∠ツ ͡ ボ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ン͡ギレ͡ハ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャｚ モ⊥ホぴ び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レ∇Βよ∠ (Say: "If I had t hat which you are asking for impat ient ly (t he t orment ), t he mat t er would have been set t led at once bet ween you and I,'') means, if I have what you ask for, I will surely send down what you deserve of it ,

びリ∠Βヨ͡ ャ͡ゅｚヌャゅ͡よ ∇ユヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や∠ヱぴ (but Allah knows best t he wrongdoers) Someone might ask about t he meaning of t his Ayah compared t o t he Hadit h in t he Two Sahihs, from ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, t hat she said t o t he Messenger, "O Allah's Messenger ! Have you encount ered a day harder t han t he day (of t he bat t le) of Uhud'' The Prophet replied,

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∩͡マョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇リョ͡ ろ ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠» モ ∠ Β͡ャゅ∠Αギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ リ ͡ ∇よや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ッゲ∠ ハ ∠ ∇クま͡∩͡るら∠ ボ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠ト ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プ ∩⊥れ∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヶ͡レ∇らイ ͡ Α⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∩∃メゅ∠ヤミ⊥ ギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ リ ͡ ∇よ ラ ͡ ∇ゲボ∠ よ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ∇ペヘ͡ わ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∩ヶ͡ヰ∇ィヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ュヲ⊥ヨ∇ヰョ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ギホ∠ る∃ よ∠ ゅ∠エ ∠ジ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩ヶ͡シ∇ぺケ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇バプ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ょャ͡ゅ∠バんｚ ャや ∩⊥ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ や∠クみ͡プ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲヌ ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ∩ヶ͡レ∇わヤ∠ヤｚニ ∠ ∩∠マャ∠ マ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ノ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぶや ラ ｚ ま͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ヶ͡ルや∠キゅ∠レプ∠ ∩͡メゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ やヱぁキケ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや マ ⊥ ヤ∠ョ∠ ヶ͡ルや∠キゅ∠レプ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ろ ∠ ∇ゃセ ͡ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ほわ∠ ャ͡ メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ノ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡ ギ⊥ ｚヨエ ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠Α :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ｚユを⊥ ∩ｚヶヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ∠ ヤｚシ ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ルゲ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ほわ∠ ャ͡ ∩∠マ∇Βャ∠ま͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヶ͡レん∠ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠マャ∠ マ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ボら∠ ∇デぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ラま͡ ∩∠ろ∇ゃセ ͡ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ «リ∇Βら∠ ゼ ∠ ∇カほ∠∇ャや :

ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠ヤ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぶ ⊥ やァ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケぺ∠ ∇モよ∠ » «ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ぶ ∠ や (Your people have t roubled me alot and t he worst t rouble was on t he day of ` Aqabah when I present ed myself t o Ibn ` Abd Yalil bin ` Abd Kulal, who did not respond t o my call. So I depart ed, overwhelmed wit h severe sorrow, proceeded on and could not relax unt il I found myself at Qarn At h-Tha` alib where I raised my head t owards t he sky t o see a cloud unexpect edly shading me. I looked up and saw Jibril in it and he called me saying, ` Indeed Allah has heard what you said t o t he people and what t hey have responded t o you. Therefore, Allah has sent t he Angel of t he Mount ains t o you so t hat you may order him t o do what ever you wish t o t hese people.' The Angel of t he Mount ains called and greet ed me, and t hen said, ` O Muhammad! verily, Allah has heard how your people responded t o you and He has sent me t o you so t hat you could order me t o do what you wish. If you like, I will let Al-Akhshabayn (t wo mount ains t o t he nort h and sout h of Makkah) fall on t hem.' The Prophet said, No, but I hope t hat Allah will let t hem generat e offspring who will worship Allah Alone, and will worship none besides Him.) This is t he wording of Muslim. Torment ing t he disbelievers of Quraysh was offered t o t he Prophet , but he chose pat ience and asked Allah for respit e for t hem, so t hat Allah might let t hem generat e offspring who will not associat e anyt hing wit h Him in worship. Therefore, how can we combine t he meaning of t his Hadit h and t he honorable Ayah,

ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘやヴ ∠ツ ͡ ボ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ン͡ギレ͡ハ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャｚ モ⊥ホぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レ∇Βよ∠ (Say: "If I had t hat which you are asking for impat ient ly (t he t orment ), t he mat t er would have been set t led at once bet ween you and I, but Allah knows best t he wrongdoers.'') The answer t o t his quest ion is, Allah knows t he best , t hat t he Ayah st at es t hat if t he punishment t hat t hey asked for was in t he Prophet 's hand at t he t ime, he would have sent it on t hem as t hey asked. As for t he Hadit h, t he disbelievers did not ask t he Prophet t o send t he t orment down on t hem. Rat her, t he angel responsible for t he mount ains offered him t he choice t o let t he t wo mount ains t o t he nort h and sout h of Makkah close in on t he disbelievers and crush t hem. The Prophet did not wish t hat and asked for respit e out of compassion for t hem.

Only Allah Knows the Unseen Allah said next ,

びヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ウ ⊥ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ヘョ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハヱ∠ ぴ (And wit h Him are t he keys of t he Ghayb (all t hat is hidden), none knows t hem but He.) AlBukhari recorded t hat Salim bin ` Abdullah said t hat his fat her said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ぶや ゅｚャま͡ ｚリヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∀ザ∇ヨ∠カ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ウ ⊥ Β͡ゎゅ∠ヘョ∠ » (The keys of t he Unseen are five and none except Allah knows t hem:

ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゑ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ユ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ や⇔ギ∠ビ ょ ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ムゎ∠ や∠クゅｚョ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ン͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠ェ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∀ユΒ∠ヤ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ チ ∃ ∇ケぺ∠ ン あ ほ∠よ͡ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ン͡ケ∇ギ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ び ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ (Verily, Allah! Wit h Him (Alone) is t he knowledge of t he Hour, He sends down t he rain, and knows t hat which is in t he wombs. No person knows what he will earn t omorrow, and no person knows in what land he will die. Verily, Allah is All-Knower, All-Aware)'') 31:34 . Allah's st at ement ,

びゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He knows what ever t here is on t he land and in t he sea;) means, Allah's honored knowledge encompasses everyt hing, including t he creat ures living in t he sea and on land, and none of it , not even t he weight of an at om on eart h or in heaven, ever escapes His knowledge. Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ ホ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ リ͡ョ テ ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (not a leaf falls, but He knows it .) means, He knows t he movement s of everyt hing including inanimat e t hings. Therefore, what about His knowledge of t he living creat ures, especially, t hose whom t he Divine laws have been imposed upon such as mankind and t he Jinns In anot her Ayah, Allah said;

び ケ⊥ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ リ ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハΙ ｘ や る∠ レ∠ も͡ べ∠カ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ぴ (Allah knows t he fraud of t he eyes, and all t hat t he breast s conceal.) 40:19

ユ⊥わ∇ェゲ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よ ユ⊥ム⇒ｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョ∂ モ ∀ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ツ∇ボΒ⊥ ャ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ん⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャゅ͡よ

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ムゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ Α⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ る⇔ ヌ ∠ ヘ∠ ェ ∠ ユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゲ⊥ ワ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥デゲあ ヘ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇わプｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ユ⊥ ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱぁキケ⊥ ｚユを⊥ びリ ∠ Β͡らジ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇ャや ネ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ (60. It is He, Who t akes your souls by night (when you are asleep), and has knowledge of all t hat you have done by day, t hen he raises (wakes) you up again, t hat a t erm appoint ed be fulfilled, t hen (in t he end), unt o Him will be your ret urn. Then He will inform you of what you used t o do.) (61. He is t he Qahir over His servant s, and He sends guardians over you, unt il when deat h approaches one of you, Our messengers t ake his soul, and t hey never neglect t heir dut y.) (62. Then t hey are ret urned t o Allah, t heir Mast er, t he Just Lord. Surely, His is t he j udgment and He is t he swift est in t aking account .)

The Servants are in Allah's Hands Before and After Death Allah st at es t hat He brings deat h t o His servant s in t heir sleep at night , for sleep is minor deat h. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

びヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ マ ∠ バ⊥ プ͡ や∠ケヱ∠ マ ∠ Βあプヲ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ヶあルま͡ ヴ∠ジΒ͡バΑ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ (And (remember) when Allah said: "O ` Isa! I will t ake you and raise you t o Myself...'') 3:55 , and,

∇ろヨ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ⇒͡ゎ∇ヲョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ザ ∠ ヘ⊥ ルｘΙや ヴｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやぴ れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや マ ⊥ジ ͡ ∇ヨΒ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒͡ョゅ∠レョ∠ ヴ͡プ びヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ンゲ∠ ∇カΙ ｙ やモ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ (It is Allah Who t akes away t he souls at t he t ime of t heir deat h, and t hose t hat die not during t heir sleep. He keeps t hose (souls) for which He has ordained deat h and sends t he rest for a t erm appoint ed.) 39:42 , ,t hus ment ioning bot h minor and maj or deat h. Allah says,

ユ⊥わ∇ェゲ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よ ユ⊥ム⇒ｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャゅ͡よ (It is He, Who t akes your souls by night (when you are asleep), and has knowledge of all t hat you have done by day,) meaning, He knows t he deeds and act ions t hat you perform during t he day. This Ayah demonst rat es Allah's perfect knowledge of His creat ion, by day and night , and in t heir movement s and idleness. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ゲｚ シ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シぴ び ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャゅ͡よ ∀ゆ͡ケゅ∠シ∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よ ブ ∃ ∇ガわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ (It is t he same (t o Him) whet her any of you conceal his speech or declare it openly, whet her he be hid by night or go fort h freely by day.) 13:10 , and

∇やヲ⊥レム⊥ ∇ジわ∠ ャ͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ Β͡プ (It is out of His mercy t hat He made night and day, so t hat you may rest t herein), by night ,

びヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat you may seek of His bount y) by day. Allah said,

び ゅ⇔セゅ∠バョ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔シゅ∠らャ͡ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And (We) have made t he night as a covering. And (We) have made t he day for livelihood.) 78:10-11 . Allah said here,

ユ⊥わ∇ェゲ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よ ユ⊥ム⇒ｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャゅ͡よ (It is He, Who t akes your souls by night (when you are asleep), and has knowledge of all t hat you have done by day,) 6:60 , Then said,

びヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ん⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen he raises (wakes) you up again,) by day, according t o Muj ahid, Qat adah and As-Suddi. Allah's st at ement ,

びヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョ∂ モ ∀ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ツ∇ボΒ⊥ ャ͡ぴ (t hat a t erm appoint ed be fulfilled) refers t o t he life span of every person,

び∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen (in t he end), unt o Him will be your ret urn.) on t he Day of Resurrect ion,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ムゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ Α⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then He will inform you of what you used t o do.) He will reward you, good for good, and evil for evil. Allah's st at ement ,

びロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゲ⊥ ワ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (He is t he Qahir over His servant s.) The Qahir means, t he one who cont rols everyt hing, all are subservient t o His supreme grace, great ness and maj est y,

びる⇔ ヌ ∠ ヘ∠ ェ ∠ ユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He sends guardians over you,) angels who guard mankind. In anot her Ayah, Allah said;

ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヌヘ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リあョ ∀ろ⇒∠らボあ バ∠ ョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ (For each (person), t here are angels in succession, before and behind him. They guard him by t he command of Allah.) 13:11 , wat ching his deeds and recording t hem. Allah said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠エャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(But verily, over you (are appoint ed angels in charge of mankind) t o wat ch you.) 82:10 , and,

∀ギΒ͡バホ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ヨゼ あ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ͡ラゅ∠Βボあ ∠ヤ∠わヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴｚボヤ∠わ∠ Α∠ ∇クま͡ぴ び ∀ギΒ͡わハ ∠ ∀ょΒ͡ホ∠ケ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ ナ ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ヤΑ∠ ゅｚョ ((Remember!) t hat t he t wo receivers (recording angels) receive, one sit t ing on t he right and one on t he left . Not a word does he ut t er, but t here is a wat cher by him, ready.) 50:17-18 . Allah's st at ement ,

びれ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il when deat h approaches one of you...) refers t o, when one's life span comes t o an end and he is dying,

びゅ∠レヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇わプｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ぴ (Our messengers t ake his soul...) meaning, t here are angels who are responsible for t his j ob. Ibn ` Abbas and several ot hers said t hat t he Angel of Deat h has angels who pull t he soul from it s body and when it reaches t he t hroat , t he Angel of Deat h capt ures it . Allah said;

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥デゲあ ヘ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey never neglect t heir dut y.) They guard t he soul of t he dead person and t ake it t o wherever Allah wills, t o ` Illiyyin if he was among t he right eous, and t o Sij j in if he was among t he wicked (disbelievers, sinners, et c.), we seek refuge wit h Allah from t his end. Allah said next ,

びペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱぁキケ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then t hey are ret urned t o Allah, t heir Mast er, t he Just Lord.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,

モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や∠クみ͡プ∠ る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇エゎ∠ ろ ∠ Βあ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» る⊥ ∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや ザ ⊥ ∇ヘｚレャや ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ Αｚ ぺ∠ ヶ͡ィゲ⊥ ∇カや :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∩⊥ウャ͡ゅｚダャや ∩⇔りギ∠ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ヶ͡ィゲ⊥ ∇カや∩͡ょΒあ ト ｚ ャや ギ͡ ジ ∠イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ

∩∠ラゅ∠ら∇ツビ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ゆ ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∃ラゅ∠エ∇Αケ∠ ヱ∠ ゥ ∃ ∇ヱゲ∠ よ͡ ヵ͡ゲゼ ͡ ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠ァゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ メ ⊥ や∠ゴゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∨や∠グワ∠ ∇リョ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ウ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヶ͡プ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∩͡るら∠ Βあ ト ｚ ャや ザ ͡ ∇ヘレｚ ャゅ͡よ ゅ⇔らェ∇ゲョ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩∀ラゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ゥ ∃ ∇ヱゲ∠ よ͡ ヵ͡ゲ͡ゼ∇よ∠ぺ∠ヱ り⇔ ギ∠ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ヶヤ⊥カ∇キや ∩͡ょΒあ ト ｚ ャや ギ͡ ジ ∠イ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ メ ⊥ や∠ゴゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩∠ラゅ∠ら∇ツビ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ゆ ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠エ∇Αケ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヶ͡わャｚや ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヴ∠ヰわ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∩⊥￢∇ヲジ ｚ ャや モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ギ͡ ジ ∠イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ る⊥ ん∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ザ ⊥ ∇ヘｚレャや ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ Αｚ ぺ∠ ヶ͡ィゲ⊥ ∇カや ユ∃ Β͡ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ヵゲ͡ゼ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ Β͡ョク∠ ヶ͡ィゲ⊥ ∇カや ∩͡ゑΒ͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ メ ⊥ や∠ゴゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩ァや∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ムセ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゲ∠ カ ∠ へ∠ヱ ∩∃ベゅｚジビ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠ァゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩∀ラゅ∠ヤプ⊥ :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∨や∠グワ∠ ∇リョ∠ :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ∠ャ ウ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジΒ⊥ プ∠ ギ͡ ジ ∠イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ る͡ ん∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ザ ͡ ∇ヘレｚ ャゅ͡よ ゅ⇔らェ ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠ャ ゆ ⊥ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩⇔るヨ∠ Β͡ョク∠ ヶ͡バィ ͡ ∇ケや ∩͡ゑΒ͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ∩͡ゲ∇らボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ⊥ Β͡ダゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ モ ⊥シ ∠ ∇ゲわ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡￢ゅヨ∠ ジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ モ ∠ Β͡ホ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩⊥ウャ͡ゅｚダャや モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや ザ ⊥ ヤ∠∇イΒ⊥ プ∠

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ￢⊥ ∇ヲｚジャや モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや ザ ⊥ ヤ∠∇イΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡メヱｚ ∠Εや ゑ ͡ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや «ヶ͡ルゅｚんャや ゑ ͡ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ モ ∠ Β͡ホ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ (The angels at t end t he dying person. If he is a right eous person, t he angels will say, ` O pure soul from a pure body! Come out wit h honor and receive t he good news of rest , sat isfact ion and a Lord Who is not angry.' The angels will keep saying t his unt il t he soul leaves it s body, and t hey will t hen raise it up t o heaven and will ask t hat t he door be opened for t he soul and it will be asked, ` Who is t his' It will be said, ` (The soul of) so-and-so.' It will be said, ` Welcome, t o t he pure soul t hat inhabit ed t he pure body. Ent er wit h honor and receive t he good news of rest , sat isfact ion and a Lord Who is not angry.' This st at ement will be repeat ed unt il t he soul reaches t he heaven above which t here is Allah. If t he dying person is evil, t he angels will say, ` Get out (of your body), O wicked soul from a wicked body! Get out in disgrace and receive t he news of boiling fluid, a fluid dark, murky, int ensely cold and ot her (t orment s) of similar kind all t oget her - t o mat ch t hem.' This st at ement will be said repeat edly unt il t he evil soul leaves it s body. The soul will be raised up t o heaven and a request will be made t hat t he door be opened for it . It will be asked, ` Who is t his' It will be said, ` (The soul of ) so and so.' It will be said, ` No welcome t o t he wicked soul from t he wicked body. Ret urn wit h disgrace, for t he doors of heaven will not be opened for you.' So it will be t hrown from heaven unt il it ret urns t o t he grave. So t he right eous person sit s and similar is said t o him as before. And t he evil person sit s and similar is said t o him as before.) It is also possible t hat t he meaning of,

び∇やヱぁキケ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then t hey are ret urned...) refers t o t he ret urn of all creat ion t o Allah on t he Day of Resurrect ion, when He will subj ect t hem t o His j ust decision. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハヲ⊥ヨ∇イヨ∠ ャ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び ュ∃ ヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ボΒ͡ョ (Say: "(Yes) verily, t hose of old, and t hose of lat er t imes. All will surely be gat hered t oget her for an appoint ed meet ing of a known Day.'') 56:49-50 and,

びや⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ケ͡キゅ∠ピル⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲゼ ∠ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We shall gat her t hem all t oget her so as t o leave not one of t hem behind...) 18:47 unt il,

びや⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And your Lord t reat s no one wit h inj ust ice.) 18:49 Allah said here,

ネ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡らジ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇ャや (t heir Mast er, t he Just Lord. Surely, His is t he j udgement and He is t he swift est in t aking account .) 6:62

ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ Βあイレ∠ Α⊥ リ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムレ∠ ャ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レ⇒∠イル∠ぺ ∇リゃ͡ ャｚ る⇔ Β∠ ∇ヘカ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ハぁゲツ ∠ ゎ∠ ゆ ∃ ∇ゲミ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∇ユム⊥ Βあイレ∠ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャや ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ｚユを⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ ろ ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リあョ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルや ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ サ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ペ ∠ Α͡グΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バ∠Βセ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ら͡ ∇ヤΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘやフ ⊥ あゲダ ∠ ル⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ (63. Say: "Who rescues you from t he dark recesses of t he land and t he sea, when you call upon Him begging and in secret (saying): ` If He (Allah) only saves us from t hese (dangers), we shall t ruly be grat eful.'') (64. Say: "Allah rescues you from t hese (dangers) and from all dist ress, and yet you commit Shirk.'') (65. Say: "He has t he power t o send t orment on you from above or from under your feet , or t o Yalbisakum in part y st rife, and make you t ast e t he violence of one anot her.'' See how variously We explain t he Ayat , so t hat t hey may underst and.)

Allah's Compassion and Generosity, and His Power and Torment Allah ment ions how He favors His servant s, saving t hem during t imes of need, in t he darkness of land and at sea, such as when st orms st rike. In such cases, t hey call on Allah alone, wit hout part ners, in supplicat ion. In ot her Ayat , Allah said,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ リ∠ョ モ ｚッ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゲぁ ツ ぁ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ジ ｚ ョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びロ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ Ι ∠ ま͡ (And when harm st rikes you at sea, t hose t hat you call upon besides Him vanish from you except Him.) 17:67 ,

∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ あΒジ ∠ Α⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ェゲ͡ プ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ ら∠ Βあ デ ∠ ウ ∃ Α͡ゲよ͡ ユ͡ヰよ͡ リ ∠ ∇Αゲ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ァ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ∀ブ͡タゅ∠ハ ∀ウΑ͡ケ ゅ∠ヰ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ ∠ Β͡ダヤ͡∇ガョ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ ハ ∠ キ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ テ ∠ Β͡ェぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲぁレニ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムレ∠ ャ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇Βイ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ リ ∠ Αあギャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャや (He it is Who enables you t o t ravel t hrough t he land and t he sea, t ill when you are in t he ships and t hey sail wit h t hem wit h a favorable wind, and t hey rej oice, t hen comes a st ormy wind and t he waves come t o t hem from all sides, and t hey t hink t hat t hey are encircled t herein, t hey invoke Allah, making t heir fait h pure for Him alone, saying: "If You deliver us from t his, we shall t ruly be of t he grat eful''.) 10:22 , and,

リ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇ヰ∠Α リｚョぺ∠ぴ ノ∠ ョｚ ヮ∀ ⇒∠ャ￢͡ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ∇ンギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ や∠ゲ⇔ ∇ゼよ⊥ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠Αゲあ ャや モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (Is not He (bet t er t han your gods) Who guides you in t he darkness of t he land and t he sea, and Who sends t he winds as heralds of glad t idings, going before His mercy Is t here any god wit h Allah High Exalt ed be Allah above all t hat t hey associat e as part ners (wit h Him)!) 27:63 . Allah said in t his honorable Ayah,

ヮ⊥ ∠ルヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠ゎ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ Βあイレ∠ Α⊥ リ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びる⇔ Β∠ ∇ヘカ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ハぁゲツ ∠ ゎ∠ (Say: "Who rescues you from t he dark recesses of t he land and t he sea, when you call upon Him begging and in secret .'') i.e., in public and secret ,

びゅ∠レ⇒∠イル∠ぺ ∇リゃ͡ ャｚぴ

((Saying): ` If He (Allah) only saves us...) from t his dist ress,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムレ∠ ャ∠ぴ (we shall t ruly be grat eful.) t hereaft er. Allah said,

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ｚユを⊥ ゆ ∃ ∇ゲミ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∇ユム⊥ Βあイレ∠ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ (Say: "Allah rescues you from t hese (dangers) and from all dist ress, and yet you commit Shirk.'') meaning, yet you call ot her gods besides Him in t imes of comfort . Allah said;

リあョ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ ろ ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ (Say: "He has t he power t o send t orment on you from above or from under your feet ,'') He said t his aft er His st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (And yet you commit Shirk. ) Allah said next ,

びゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "He has t he power t o send t orment on you..''), aft er He saves you. Allah said in Surah Subhan (chapt er 17),

∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らわ∠ ャ͡ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡ィ∇ゴΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ぁよｚケぴ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚジョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ゅヨｚ ヤ∠プ∠ ロ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ Ι ∠ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ リ∠ョ モ ｚッ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゲぁ ツ ぁ ∇ャや - や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘミ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡やラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ッゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚイル∠

モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ィ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ブ ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ レ͡ョ∠ほ∠プ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ レ͡ョぺ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔ら͡タゅ∠ェ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ⇔ヘタ ͡ ゅ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲΒ⊥ プ∠ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠ゎ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ Β͡バΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ムホ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ピΒ⊥ プ∠ ウ ͡ Αあゲャや リ ∠ ョあ び ゅ⇔バΒ͡らゎ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (Your Lord is He Who drives t he ship for you t hrough t he sea, in order t hat you may seek of His bount y. Truly! He is Ever Merciful t owards you. And when harm st rikes you upon t he sea, t hose t hat you call upon besides Him vanish from you except Him. But when He brings you safely t o land, you t urn away (from Him). And man is ever ungrat eful. Do you t hen feel secure t hat He will not cause a side of t he land t o swallow you up, or t hat He will not send against you a st orm of st ones Then, you shall find no guardian. Or do you feel secure t hat He will not send you back a second t ime t o sea, and send against you a hurricane of wind and drown you because of your disbelief, t hen you will not find any avenger t herein against Us) 17:66-69 . Al-Bukhari, may Allah grant him His mercy, comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

リあョ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ゅ⇔バ∠Βセ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ら͡ ∇ヤΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ ろ ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リョ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ フ ⊥ あゲダ ∠ ル⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルや ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ サ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ペ ∠ Α͡グΑ⊥ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘや (Say: "He has t he power t o send t orment on you from above or from under your feet , or t o Yalbisakum in part y st rife, and make you t ast e t he violence of one anot her.'' See how variously We explain t he Ayat , so t hat t hey may underst and.) "Yalbisakum means, ` cover you wit h confusion', So it means t o, ` divide int o part ies and sect s'. Jabir bin ` Abdullah said, ` When t his Ayah was revealed,

リあョ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ (Say: "He has power t o send t orment on you from above'') Allah's Messenger said,

«マ͡ヰ∇ィヲ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠» (I seek refuge wit h Your Face.)

び∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ ろ ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or from under your feet ,) he again said,

«マ͡ヰ∇ィヲ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠» (I seek refuge wit h Your Face.)

びヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ サ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ペ ∠ Α͡グΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バ∠Βセ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ら͡ ∇ヤΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or t o cover you wit h confusion in part y st rife, and make you t o t ast e t he violence of one anot her.) he said,

«ゲ∠ジ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ロ͡ グ∠ワ» (This is less burdensome or easier.)''' Al-Bukhari recorded t his Hadit h again in t he book of Tawhid (in his Sahih), and An-Nasa'i also recorded it in t he book of Tafsir.

Another Hadith Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Sa` d bin Abi Waqqas said, We accompanied t he Messenger of Allah and passed by t he Masj id of Bani Mu` awiyah. The Prophet went in and offered a t wo Rak` ah prayer, and we prayed behind him. He supplicat ed t o his Lord for a long t ime and t hen said,

ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ :ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ ヶあよケ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠» ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ルゅ∠ト∇ハほ∠プ∠ ベ ͡ ゲ∠ ピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ シ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ルゅ∠ト∇ハほ∠プ∠ る͡ レ∠ ジ ｚ ャゅ͡よ «ゅ∠ヰΒ͡レバ∠ レ∠ ヨ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ (I asked my Lord for t hree: I asked Him not t o dest roy my Ummah (Muslims) by drowning and He gave t hat t o me. I asked Him not t o dest roy my Ummah by famine and He gave t hat t o me.

And I asked Him not t o make t hem t ast e t he violence of one anot her, but He did not give t hat t o me.) Muslim, but not Al-Bukhari, recorded t his Hadit h in t he book on Fit an (t rials) (of his Sahih).

Another Hadith Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Khabbab bin Al-Arat t , who at t ended t he bat t le of Badr wit h t he Messenger of Allah , said, "I met Allah's Messenger during a night in which he prayed t hroughout it , unt il dawn. When t he Messenger of Allah ended his prayer, I said, ` O Allah's Messenger! This night , you have performed a prayer t hat I never saw you perform before.' Allah's Messenger said,

ゴｚ ハ ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ∩∃ょ∠ワ∠ケ∠ヱ ょ ∃ ビ ∠ ケ∠ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ゅヰ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ∇モィ ∠ ぺ∠» リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ∇をや ヶ͡ルゅ∠ト∇ハほ∠プ∠ ∩∃メゅ∠ダカ ͡ ゐ ∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ∩⇔りギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ ヶ͡レバ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ルゅ∠ト∇ハほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠レヤ∠∇らホ∠ ユ∠ ョ∠ ほ⊥∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ͡∇ヰΑ⊥ ∇リョ͡ や６ヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゲ∠ ヰ͡ ∇ヌΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ルゅ∠ト∇ハほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ «ゅ∠ヰΒ͡レバ∠ レ∠ ヨ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ∠ セ ͡ ゅ∠レジ ∠ ら͡ ∇ヤΑ⊥ (Yes, it was a prayer of eagerness and fear. During t his prayer, I asked my Lord for t hree t hings and He gave me t wo and refused t o give me t he t hird. I asked my Lord not t o dest roy us wit h what He dest royed t he nat ions before us and He gave me t hat . I asked my Lord not t o make our enemies prevail above us and He gave me t hat . I asked my Lord not t o cover us wit h confusion in part y st rife, but He refused.) An-Nasa'i, Ibn Hibban in his Sahih, and At -Tirmidhi also recorded it . In t he book on Fit an, in Al-Jami` , At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih''. Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔バ∠Βセ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ら͡ ∇ヤΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or t o cover you wit h confusion in part y st rife, ) means, He causes you t o be in disarray and separat e int o opposing part ies and groups. Al-Walibi (` Ali bin Abi Talhah) report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t his Ayah refers t o desires. Muj ahid and several ot hers said similarly. A Hadit h from t he Prophet , collect ed from various chains of narrat ion, st at es,

∩⇔るホ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ヱ∠ ゐ ∃ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る⊥ ｚョΕ ⊥ や ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ベ ⊥ ゲ͡ わ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ » «り∠ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ ゅｚャま͡ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰヤぁミ⊥ (And t his Ummah (Muslims) will divide int o sevent y - t hree groups, all of t hem in t he Fire except one.) Allah said;

びヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ サ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ペ ∠ Α͡グΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and make you t ast e t he violence of one anot her.) meaning, some of you will esperience t ort ure and murder from one anot her, according t o Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers. Allah said next ,

びろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘやフ ⊥ あゲダ ∠ ル⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルやぴ (See how variously We explain t he Ayat ,) by making t hem clear, plain and duly explained,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (So t hat t hey may underst and.) and comprehend Allah's Ayat , proofs and evidences.

∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ジｚャ モ⊥ホ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ヱ∠ ゲｘ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョぁ み∃ら∠ ル∠ モ あ ム⊥ ャあ - モ ∃ Β͡ミヲ∠ よ͡ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠レ͡わ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ガΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ゑ ∃ Α͡ギェ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ガΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ミグあ ャや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ギバ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや マ ∠ レｚ Β∠ ジ ͡ レΑ⊥ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ (66. But your people have denied it (t he Qur'an) t hough it is t he t rut h. Say: "I am not responsible for your affairs.'') (67. For every news t here is a realit y and you will come t o know.) (68. And when you see t hose who engage in false conversat ion about Our verses (of t he Qur'an)

by mocking at t hem, st ay away from t hem t ill t hey t urn t o anot her t opic. And if Shayt an causes you t o forget , t hen aft er t he remembrance, sit not you in t he company of t hose people who are t he wrongdoers.) (69. There is no responsibilit y for t hem upon t hose who have Taqwa, but (t heir dut y) is t o remind t hem, t hat t hey may (at t ain) Taqwa.)

The Invitation to the Truth is Guidance Without Coercion Allah said,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (But have denied it ) denied t he Qur'an, guidance and clear explanat ion t hat you (O Muhammad ) have brought t hem,

びマ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ぴ (your people) meaning, Quraysh,

びペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (t hough it is t he t rut h.) beyond which t here is no ot her t rut h.

びモ ∃ Β͡ミヲ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ジｚャ モ⊥ホぴ (Say: "I am not responsible for your affairs.'') meaning, I have not been appoint ed a guardian or wat cher over you. Allah also said;

￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ョヱ∠ リ͡ョ∇ぽΒ⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ (And say: "The t rut h is from your Lord.'' Then whosoever wills, let him believe, and whosoever wills, let him disbelieve.) 18:29 , This means, my dut y is t o convey t he Message and your dut y is t o hear and obey. Those who follow me, will acquire happiness in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Those who defy me will become miserable in t his life and t he Hereaft er. So Allah said;

びゲｘ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョぁ み∃ら∠ ル∠ モ あ ム⊥ ャあぴ

(For every news t here is a realit y...) meaning, for every news, t here is a realit y, in t hat , t his news will occur, perhaps aft er a while, according t o Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

びリ ͡ Β͡ェ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ロ⊥ ほ∠ら∠ ル∠ リ ｚ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And you shall cert ainly know t he t rut h of it aft er a while.) 38:88 and,

び∀ゆゅ∠わ͡ミ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡ぴ ((For) each and every mat t er t here is a decree (from Allah).) warning and a promise t hat will surely occur,

13:38 . This, indeed, is a

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and you will come t o know.) Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ガΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when you see t hose who engage in false conversat ion about Our verses (of t he Qur'an)), by denying and mocking t hem.

The Prohibition of Sitting with Those Who Deny and Mock Allah's Ayat

ゑ ∃ Α͡ギェ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ガΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ ぴ びロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ (st ay away from t hem t ill t hey t urn t o anot her t opic.) unt il t hey t alk about a subj ect ot her t han t he denial t hey were engaged in.

びリ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや マ ∠ レｚ Β∠ ジ ͡ レ⊥Α ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And if Shayt an causes you t o forget ...) This command includes every member of t his Ummah. No one is t o sit wit h t hose who deny and dist ort Allah's Ayat and explain t hem incorrect ly. If one forget s and sit s wit h such people,

びン∠ゲ∇ミグあ ャや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ギバ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t hen aft er t he remembrance sit not you) aft er you remember,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ぴ (in t he company of t hose people who are t he wrongdoers.). A Hadit h st at es,

やヲ⊥ワゲ͡ ∇ムわ⊥ ∇シや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ジレあ ャや∠ヱ ほ⊥ト ∠ガ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リハ ∠ ノ∠ プ͡ ケ⊥ » «ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (My Ummah was forgiven unint ent ional errors, forget fulness and what t hey are coerced t o do.) The Ayah above 6:68 is t he Ayah ment ioned in Allah's st at ement ,

ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ラぺ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギバ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ぺ⊥ゴ∠ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ∠ ム∠ Α⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや び∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ や⇔ク͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ゑ ∃ Α͡ギェ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ガΑ∠ (And it has already been revealed t o you in t he Book t hat when you hear t he Verses of Allah being denied and mocked at , t hen sit not wit h t hem, unt il t hey engage in a t alk ot her t han t hat ; (but if you st ayed wit h t hem) cert ainly in t hat case you would be like t hem.) 4:140 , for, if you st ill sit wit h t hem, agreeing t o what t hey say, you will be j ust like t hem. Allah's st at ement ,

び￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (There is no responsibilit y for t hem upon t hose who have Taqwa,) means, when t he believers avoid sit t ing wit h wrongdoers in t his case, t hey will be innocent of t hem and t hey will have saved t hemselves from t heir sin. Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but (t heir dut y) is t o remind t hem, t hat t hey may avoid t hat .), means, We commanded you t o ignore and avoid t hem, so t hat t hey become aware of t he error t hey are indulging in, t hat t hey may avoid t his behavior and never repeat it again.

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎｚゲビ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ヲ∇ヰャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ら͡バャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇やヱ⊥グ∠ガゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ケ͡ ク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル モ ∠ジ ∠ ∇らゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ゲミあ ク∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇メギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∀ノΒ͡ヘ∠セ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ｘ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤジ ͡ ∇よぺ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ べ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇グカ ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ メ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ∠ヱ ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ゆや∠ゲ∠セ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ (70. And leave alone t hose who t ake t heir religion as play and amusement , and are deceived by t he life of t his world. But remind (t hem) wit h it (t he Qur'an) lest a soul Tubsal for t hat which one has earned, when he will find for himself no prot ect or or int ercessor besides Allah, and even if he offers every ransom, it will not be accept ed from him. Such are t hey who are given up t o dest ruct ion because of t hat which t hey have earned. For t hem will be a drink of boiling wat er and a painful t orment because t hey used t o disbelieve.) Allah said,

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎｚゲビ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ヲ∇ヰャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ら͡バャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇やヱ⊥グ∠ガゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ケ͡ ク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや (And leave alone t hose who t ake t heir religion as play and amusement , and are deceived by t he life of t his world.) The Ayah commands t o leave such people, ignore t hem and give t hem respit e, for soon, t hey will t ast e a t remendous t orment . This is why Allah said,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ゲミあ ク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (But remind wit h it ) meaning, remind t he people wit h t his Qur'an and warn t hem against Allah's revenge and painful t orment on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Allah said;

び∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル モ ∠ジ ∠ ∇らゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺぴ (lest a soul Tubsal for t hat which one has earned,) meaning, so t hat it is not Tubsal. Ad-Dahhak from Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan and As-Suddi said t hat Tubsal means, be submissive. Al-Walibi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Tubsal means, ` be exposed'. Qat adah said t hat Tubsal means, ` be prevent ed', Murrah and Ibn Zayd said t hat it means, ` be recompensed', Al-Kalbi said, ` be reckoned'. All t hese st at ement s and expressions are similar, for t hey all mean

exposure t o dest ruct ion, being kept away from all t hat is good, and being rest rained from at t aining what is desired. Allah also said;

ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ∀るレ∠ Β͡ワケ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ び ͡リΒ͡ヨ∠Β∇ャや (Every person is rest rained by what he has earned. Except t hose on t he Right .) 74:38-39 , and

び∀ノΒ͡ヘ∠セ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ｘ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ (when he will find for himself no prot ect or or int ercessor besides Allah,) and,

びべ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇グカ ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ メ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ∇メギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (and even if he offers every ransom, it will not be accept ed from him.) meaning, what ever t he ransom such people offer, it will not be accept ed from t hem. Allah said in a similar st at ement ,

∇リョ͡ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∀ケゅｚヘミ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びゅ⇔らワ∠ ク∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ￢⊥ ∇モあョ ユ͡ワギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ (Verily, t hose who disbelieved, and died while t hey were disbelievers, t he (whole) eart h full of gold will not be accept ed from anyone of t hem.) 3:91 Allah said here,

∇リョあ ∀ゆや∠ゲ∠セ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤジ ͡ ∇よぺ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ∠ヱ ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ (Such are t hey who are given up t o dest ruct ion because of t hat which t hey have earned. For t hem will be a drink of boiling wat er and a painful t orment because t hey used t o disbelieve. )

ゅ∠ルゲぁ ツ ⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レバ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギル∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ン͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ルや∠ギワ∠ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レら͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ キぁ ゲ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ や∠ゲ∇Βェ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠Βｚゼャや ヮ⊥ ∇ゎヲ∠ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇シや ン∠ギワ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ゅ∠レわ͡ ∇もや ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ∀ょ⇒∠エ∇タ∠ぺ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ユ∠ ヤ͡∇ジレ⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ リ⊥ミ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ り͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ハ ケ͡ ヲ∠ ダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡プ オ ⊥ ヘ∠ レ⊥Α ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや び ゲ⊥ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ (71. Say: "Shall we invoke ot hers besides Allah (false deit ies), t hat can do us neit her good nor harm, and shall we t urn on our heels aft er Allah has guided us -- Like one whom t he Shayat in (devils) have made t o go ast ray, confused (wandering) t hrough t he land, his companions calling him t o guidance (saying): ` Come t o us.''' Say: "Verily, Allah's guidance is t he only guidance, and we have been commanded t o submit (ourselves) t o t he Lord of all t hat exist s.) (72. And t o perform t he Salah, and have Taqwa of Him, and it is He t o Whom you shall be gat hered.) (73. It is He Who has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h in t rut h, and on t he Day He will say: "Be!'' it shall become. His Word is t he t rut h. His will be t he dominion on t he Day when t he Sur will be blown. All-Knower of t he unseen and t he seen. He is t he All-Wise, Well-Aware.)

The Parable of Those Who Revert to Disbelief After Faith and Good Deeds As-Suddi said, "Some idolat ors said t o some Muslims, ` Follow us and abandon t he religion of Muhammad.' Allah sent down t he revelat ion,

ゅ∠ルゲぁ ツ ⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レバ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギル∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びゅ∠レら͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ キぁ ゲ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ (Say: "Shall we invoke ot hers besides Allah, t hat can do us neit her good nor harm, and shall we t urn on our heels...'') by revert ing t o disbelief,

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ルや∠ギワ∠ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ぴ

("...aft er Allah has guided us.'') for if we do t his, our example will be like he whom t he devils have caused t o wander in confusion t hroughout t he land. Allah says here, your example, if you revert t o disbelief aft er you believed, is t hat of a man who went wit h some people on a road, but he lost his way and t he devils led him t o wander in confusion over t he land. Meanwhile, his companions on t he road were calling him t o come t o t hem saying, ` Come back t o us, for we are on t he pat h.' But , he refused t o go back t o t hem. This is t he example of he who follows t he devil aft er recognizing Muhammad , and Muhammad is t he person who is calling t he people t o t he pat h, and t he pat h is Islam.'' Ibn Jarir recorded t his st at ement .Allah's st at ement , j

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠Βｚゼャや ヮ⊥ ∇ゎヲ∠ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇シや ン͡グャｚゅ∠ミぴ (Like one whom t he Shayat in (devils) have made t o go ast ray (wandering) t hrough t he land, ) refers t o ghouls,

びヮ⊥ ∠ルヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Αぴ (calling him) by his name, his fat her's and his grandfat her's names. So he follows t he devils' call t hinking t hat it is a pat h of guidance, but by t he morning he will find himself dest royed and perhaps t hey eat him. The Jinns will t hen let him wander in a wast eland where he will die of t hirst . This is t he example of t hose who follow t he false gods t hat are being worshipped inst ead of Allah, Most Honored. Ibn Jarir also recorded t his. Allah said,

びン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ン∠ギワ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Verily, Allah's guidance is t he only guidance,'') Allah said in ot her inst ances,

びモ ｙツ ͡ ョぁ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whomsoever Allah guides, for him t here will be none t o misguide him.) 39:37 , and,

リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ギワ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ソゲ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲダ ͡ ⇒ｚル リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぁモツ ͡ Α⊥ (If you covet for t heir guidance, t hen verily Allah guides not t hose whom He makes t o go ast ray. And t hey will have no helpers.) 17:37 Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ユ∠ ヤ͡∇ジレ⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ

(and we have been commanded t o submit t o t he Lord of all t hat exist s.) means, we were commanded t o worship Allah in sincerit y t o Him alone, wit hout part ners.

びロ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t o perform t he Salah, and have Taqwa of Him.) meaning, we were commanded t o perform t he prayer and t o fear Allah in all circumst ances,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and it is He t o Whom you shall be gat hered.) on t he Day of Resurrect ion.

びペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (It is He Who has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h in t rut h.) meaning, in j ust ice, and He is t heir Originat or and Owner Who governs t heir affairs and t he affairs of t heir inhabit ant s. Allah said,

びラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ リ⊥ミ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and on t he Day He will say: "Be!'' it shall become.) Referring t o t he Day of Resurrect ion, which will come fast er t han t he blink of an eye, when Allah says t o it , ` Be.'

As-Sur; The Trumpet Allah's st at ement ,

びケ͡ ヲ∠ ダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡プ オ ⊥ ヘ∠ レ⊥Α ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (on t he Day when t he Sur will be blown...) refers t o His st at ement ,

びラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ リ⊥ミ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and on t he Day He will say: "Be!'' it shall become.) as we st at ed above. Or, it means,

びケ͡ ヲ∠ ダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡プ オ ⊥ ヘ∠ レ⊥Α ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (His will be t he dominion on t he Day when t he Sur will be blown.) Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

びケ͡ ゅｚヰボ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャあぴ (Whose is t he kingdom t his Day It is Allah's, t he One, t he Irresist ible!) 40:16 , and,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャやぴ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ジハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (The sovereignt y on t hat Day will be t he t rue (sovereignt y), belonging t o t he Most Beneficent (Allah), and it will be a hard Day for t he disbelievers.) 25:26 The Sur is t he Trumpet int o which t he angel Israfil, peace be upon him, will blow. The Messenger of Allah said,

ヮ⊥ わ∠ ヰ∠ ∇らィ ∠ ヴ∠レェ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ケヲぁダャや ユ∠ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ ホ∠ モ ∠ Β͡プや∠ゲ∇シま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡» «オ⊥ヘ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ョ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヴ∠わョ∠ ゲ⊥ ヌ ͡ わ∠ ∇レΑ∠ (Israfil has held t he Sur in his mout h and lowered his forehead, await ing t he command t o blow in it .) Muslim recorded t his Hadit h in his Sahih. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said, "A bedouin man said, ` O Allah's Messenger! What is t he Sur' He said,

«ヮΒ͡プ オ ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ∀ラ∇ゲ∠ホ» (A Trumpet which will be blown.)''

る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠レ∇タぺ∠ グ⊥ ガ ͡ わｚ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ ケ∠ コ∠ や∠￢ ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ン͡ゲル⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ム∠Β͡ャ∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや れ ∠ ヲ⊥ムヤ∠ョ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔ら∠ミ∇ヲミ∠ ン∠ぺケ∠ モ ⊥ ∇Βｚャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ｚィ ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Βレ͡ ホ͡ ヲ⊥ヨ∇ャや べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤプ͡ Ι ｘ や ぁょェ ͡ ぺ⊥ Ι メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ モ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ヴあよケ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ モ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ヴあよケ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔ビ͡コゅ∠よ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ン∠ぺケ∠

-リ ∠ Βあャべｚツャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ミΙ ∂ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ͡ルギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ͡ゃャ∠ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴあよケ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ る⇔ ビ ∠ コ͡ ゅ∠よ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ン∠ぺケ∠ ゅｚヨ∠ヤプ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ヴあルま͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ろヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ゲ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ン͡グヤｚャ͡ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヰｚィヱ∠ ヴあルま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや び (74. And (remember) when Ibrahim said t o his fat her Azar: "Do you t ake idols as gods Verily, I see you and your people in manifest error.'') (75. Thus did we show Ibrahim t he kingdom of t he heavens and t he eart h t hat he be one of t hose who have fait h wit h cert aint y. ) (76. When t he night overcame him he saw a Kawkab. He said: "This is my lord.'' But when it Afala, he said: "I like not t hose t hat set .'') (77. When he saw t he moon rising up, he said: "This is my lord.'' But when it set , he said: "Unless my Lord guides me, I shall surely be among t he misguided people.'') (78. When he saw t he sun rising up, he said: "This is my lord. This is great er.'' But when it Afalat , he said: "O my people! I am indeed free from all t hat you j oin as part ners in worship wit h Allah.) (79. Verily, I have t urned my face t owards Him Who has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, Hanifan, and I am not of t he idolat ors.'')

Ibrahim Advises his Father Ibrahim advised, discouraged and forbade his fat her from worshipping idols, j ust as Allah st at ed,

ゅ⇔ョゅ∠レ∇タぺ∠ グ⊥ ガ ͡ わｚ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ ケ∠ コ∠ や∠￢ ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びる⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ (And (remember) when Ibrahim said t o his fat her Azar: "Do you t ake idols as gods'') meaning, do you worship an idol inst ead of Allah

びマ ∠ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ぴ (Verily, I see you and your people...) who follow your pat h,

びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プぴ (in manifest error) wandering in confusion unaware of where t o go. Therefore, you are in disarray and ignorance, and t his fact is clear t o all t hose who have sound reason. Allah also said,

- ゅ⇔Β∂ ら͡ ルｚ ゅ⇔ボΑあギタ ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ ゲ⊥ ダ ͡ ∇らΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Α ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡ル￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ヴあルま͡ ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Α - ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ハ ヴ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔Α∂ ヲ͡ シ ∠ ゅ⇔デや∠ゲタ ͡ ポ ∠ ギ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ͡レ∇バら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ マ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ ∠ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ギ͡ ら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Α リ ∠ ョあ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ マ ∠ジ ｚ ヨ∠ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Α - ゅ⇔Β∂ ダ ͡ ハ ∠ ∀ょ͡ビや∠ケ∠ぺ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや マ ∠ レｚ ヨ∠ ィ ⊥ ∇ケΕ ∠ ヮ͡ わ∠ レ∠ゎ ∇ユャｚ リ͡ゃャ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よみ͡Α ヴ͡わヰ∠ ャ͡へ ∇リハ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ャ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シほ∠シ ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ゅ⇔Β∂ ヤ͡ョ∠ ヴ͡ル∇ゲイ ⊥ ∇ワや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ゴ͡ わ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔Β∂ ヘ͡ ェ ∠ ヴ͡よ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヶあよケ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ハギ⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲミ⊥ ぺ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ び ゅ６Βボ͡ セ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ (And ment ion in t he Book (t he Qur'an, t he st ory of) Ibrahim. Verily! He was a man of t rut h, a Prophet . When he said t o his fat her: "O my fat her! Why do you worship t hat which hears not , sees not and cannot avail you in anyt hing O my fat her! Verily! There has come t o me of knowledge t hat which came not unt o you. So follow me. I will guide you t o a st raight pat h. O my fat her! Worship not Shayt an. Verily! Shayt an has been a rebel against t he Most Beneficent (Allah). O my fat her! Verily! I fear lest a t orment from t he Most Beneficent (Allah) overt akes you, so t hat you become a companion of Shayt an (in t he Hell-fire).'' He (t he fat her) said: "Do you rej ect my gods, O Ibrahim If you st op not (t his), I will indeed st one you. So get away from me safely before I punish you.'' Ibrahim said: "Peace be on you! I will ask forgiveness of my Lord for you. Verily! He is unt o me, Ever Most Gracious. And I shall t urn away from you and from

t hose whom you invoke besides Allah. And I shall call on my Lord; and I hope t hat I shall not be unanswered in my invocat ion t o my Lord.'') 19:41-48 Ibrahim cont inued asking for forgiveness for his fat her for t he rest of his fat her's life. When his fat her died an idolat or and Ibrahim realized t his fact , he st opped asking Allah for forgiveness for him and disassociat ed himself from him. Allah said,

り∃ ギ∠ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョｚ リ∠ハ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヘ∇ピわ͡ ∇シや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ぺ∠ゲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ロ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ べ∠ワギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ェ ∀ロやｚヱ∠Ε ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ (And invoking for his fat her's forgiveness was only because of a promise he had made t o him. But when it became clear t o him t hat he was an enemy t o Allah, he dissociat ed himself from him. Verily Ibrahim was pat ient in supplicat ion and forbearing.) 9:114 . It was recorded in t he Sahih t hat Ibrahim will meet his fat her Azar on t he Day of Resurrect ion and Azar will say t o him, "My son! This Day, I will not disobey you.'' Ibrahim will say, "O Lord! You promised me not t o disgrace me on t he Day t hey are resurrect ed; and what will be more disgraceful t o me t han cursing and dishonoring my fat her'' Then Allah will say, "O Ibrahim! Look behind you!'' He will look and t here he will see (t hat his fat her was changed int o) a male hyena covered in dung, which will be caught by t he legs and t hrown in t he (Hell) Fire.''

Tawhid Becomes Apparent to Ibrahim Allah's st at ement ,

れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや れ ∠ ヲ⊥ムヤ∠ョ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ン͡ゲル⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ (Thus did We show Ibrahim t he kingdom of t he heavens and t he eart h...) 6:75 , means, when he cont emplat ed about t he creat ion of t he heaven and eart h, We showed Ibrahim t he proofs of Allah's Oneness over His dominion and His creat ion, which indicat e t hat t here is no god or Lord except Allah. Allah said in ot her Ayat ;

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ や∠クゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ルや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Behold all t hat is in t he heavens and t he eart h.'') 10:101 , and,

リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ∇ヱぺ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ブジ ͡ ∇ガル∠ ∇ほゼ ∠ ルｚ ラ͡ま チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや る⇔ Α∠ Ι ∂ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ヘ∠ジミ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇テボ͡ ∇ジル⊥ びょ ∃ Β͡レョぁ ギ∃ ∇らハ ∠ モ あ ム⊥ ャあ (See t hey not what is before t hem and what is behind t hem, of t he heaven and t he eart h If We will, We sink t he eart h wit h t hem, or cause a piece of t he sky t o fall upon t hem. Verily, in t his is a sign for every servant who t urns t o Allah.) 34:9 Allah said next ,

びモ ⊥ ∇Βｚャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ｚィ ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (When t he night overcame him) covered him wit h darkness,

びゅ⇔ら∠ミ∇ヲミ∠ ン∠ぺケ∠ ぴ (He saw a Kawkab) a st ar.

びモ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ヴあよケ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "This is my lord.'' But when it Afala,) meaning, set , he said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤプ͡ Ι ｘ や ぁょェ ͡ ぺ⊥ Ιぴ (I like not t hose t hat set .) Qat adah comment ed, "Ibrahim knew t hat his Lord is Et ernal and never ceases.''

モ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ヴあよケ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔ビ͡コゅ∠よ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ン∠ぺケ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ミΙ ∂ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ͡ルギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ͡ゃャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ びリ ∠ Βあャべｚツャや

びヴあよケ∠ ぴ (When he saw t he moon rising up, he said: "This is my lord.'' But when it set , he said: "Unless my Lord guides me, I shall surely be among t he misguided people.'' When he saw t he sun rising up, he said: "This is my lord.'') t his radiat ing, rising st ar is my lord,

びゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ へ∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (This is great er) bigger t han t he st ar and t he moon, and more radiant .

び∇ろヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (But when it Afalat ) set ,

ろ ⊥ ∇ヰｚィヱ∠ ヴあルみ͡ル∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ヴあルま͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びヴ ∠ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ (he said: "O my people! I am indeed free from all t hat you j oin as part ners in worship wit h Allah. Verily, I have t urned my face...''), meaning, I have purified my religion and made my worship sincere,

びチ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ン͡グヤｚャ͡ぴ ("t owards Him Who has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h,'') Who originat ed t hem and shaped t hem wit hout precedence,

びゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ぴ (Hanifan) avoiding Shirk and embracing Tawhid. This is why he said next ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ("and I am not of t he idolat ors.'')

Prophet Ibrahim Debates with his People We should not e here t hat , in t hese Ayat , Ibrahim, peace be upon him, was debat ing wit h his people, explaining t o t hem t he error of t heir way in worshipping idols and images. In t he first case wit h his fat her, Ibrahim explained t o his people t heir error in worshipping t he idols of eart h, which t hey made in t he shape of heavenly angels, so t hat t hey int ercede on t heir behalf wit h t he Glorious Creat or. His people t hought t hat t hey are t oo insignificant t o worship Allah direct ly, and t his is why t hey t urned t o t he worship of angels as int ercessors wit h Allah for t heir provisions, gaining vict ory and at t aining t heir various needs. He t hen explained t o t hem t he error and deviat ion of worshipping t he seven planet s, which t hey said were t he Moon, Mercury, Venus, t he Sun, Mars, Jupit er and Sat urn. The bright est of t hese obj ect s and t he most honored t o t hem was t he Sun, t he Moon t hen Venus. Ibrahim, may Allah's peace and blessings be on him, first proved t hat Venus is not wort hy of being worshipped, for it is subservient t o a t erm and course appoint ed t hat it does not defy, nor swerving right or left . Venus does not have any say in it s affairs, for it is only a heavenly obj ect t hat Allah creat ed and made bright out of His wisdom. Venus rises from t he east and set s in t he west where it disappears from sight . This rot at ion is repeat ed t he next night , and so fort h. Such an obj ect is not wort hy of being a god. Ibrahim t hen went on t o ment ion t he Moon in t he same manner in which he ment ioned Venus, and t hen t he Sun. When he proved t hat t hese t hree obj ect s were not gods, alt hough t hey are t he bright est obj ect s t he eyes can see,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ヴあルま͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (he said: "O my people! I am indeed free from all t hat you j oin as part ners in worship wit h Allah.'') meaning, I am free from worshipping t hese obj ect s and from t aking t hem as prot ect ors. Therefore, if t hey are indeed gods as you claim, t hen all of you bring your plot against me and do not give me respit e.

れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ン͡グヤｚャ͡ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヰｚィヱ∠ ヴあルま͡ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ (Verily, I have t urned my face t owards Him Who has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, Hanifan, and I am not one of t he idolat ors.) meaning, I worship t he Creat or of t hese t hings, Who originat ed and decreed t hem, and Who governs t heir affairs and made t hem subservient . It is He in Whose Hand is t he dominion of all t hings, and He is t he Creat or, Lord, King and God of all t hings in exist ence. In anot her Ayah, Allah said

ヶ͡プ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ∠ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ヴ͡ゼ∇ピΑ⊥ ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ヲわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ わｚ シ ͡ ュ∠ ヲ⊥イレぁ ャや∠ヱ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゅ⇔んΒ͡んェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ヤ⊥∇トΑ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ペ ⊥ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ れ ∃ ゲ∠ ガ ｚジ ∠ ョ⊥ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ (Indeed your Lord is Allah, Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h in six Days, and t hen He Ist awa (rose over) t he Throne. He brings t he night as a cover over t he day, seeking it rapidly, and (He creat ed) t he sun, t he moon, t he st ars, subj ect ing t hem t o His command. Surely, His is t he creat ion and commandment . Blessed be Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s!) 7:54 . Allah described Prophet Ibrahim,

ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇セケ⊥ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ べ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ モ ⊥ Β͡ん⇒∠ヨｚわャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ハ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘム͡ ⇒∠ハ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡わャｚや (And indeed We best owed aforet ime on Ibrahim his (port ion of) guidance, and We were wellacquaint ed wit h him. When he said t o his fat her and his people: "What are t hese images, t o which you are devot ed'') 21:51-52 . These Ayat indicat e t hat Ibrahim was debat ing wit h his people about t he Shirk t hey pract iced.

ヴ͡ルや∠ギワ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ͡プ ヴあルヲぁィゅ∠エゎ⊥ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚィべ∠ェヱ∠ ぴ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ヴあよケ∠ ノ∠ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ べ∠ョ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ ン ぁ ほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇メゴあ レ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ユ⊥わ∇ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま リ ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ ペ ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βボ∠ Α͡ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ユ∃ ∇ヤヌ ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ジら͡ ∇ヤΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ べ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠レわ⊥ イ ｚェ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠

∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼルｚ リｚョ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ ノ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲル∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ (80. His people disput ed wit h him. He said: "Do you disput e wit h me about Allah while He has guided me, and I fear not t hose whom you associat e wit h Allah in worship. (Not hing can happen t o me) except when my Lord wills somet hing. My Lord comprehends in His knowledge all t hings. Will you not t hen remember) (81. And how should I fear t hose whom you associat e in worship wit h Allah, while you fear not t hat you have j oined in worship wit h Allah t hings for which He has not sent down t o you any Sult an.(So) which of t he t wo part ies has more right t o be in securit y If you but know.'') (82. It is t hose who believe and confuse not t heir belief wit h Zulm (wrong), for t hem (only) t here is securit y and t hey are t he guided.) (83. And t hat was Our proof which We gave Ibrahim against his people. We in degrees raise whom We will. Cert ainly your Lord is All-Wise, All-Knowing.) Allah st at es t hat His Khalil, Prophet Ibrahim, said when his people ment ioned various doubt s and disput ed wit h him about t he Tawhid t hat he called t o:

びヴ͡ルや∠ギワ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ͡プ ヴあルヲぁィゅ∠エゎ⊥ ぺ∠ぴ (Do you disput e wit h me about Allah while He has guided me). The Ayah means, do you argue wit h me about Allah, ot her t han Whom t here is no god wort hy of worship, while He has guided me t o t he Trut h and made me aware of it Therefore, how can I ever consider your misguided st at ement s and false doubt s Ibrahim said next ,

ヴあよケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ (and I fear not t hose whom you associat e wit h Allah in worship. (Not hing can happen t o me) except when my Lord wills somet hing.) Ibrahim said, among t he proofs t o t he falsehood of your creed, is t hat t hese false gods t hat you worship do not bring about any effect , and I do not fear t hem or care about t hem. Therefore, if t hese gods are able t o cause harm, t hen use t hem against me and do not give me respit e. Ibrahim's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except when my Lord wills somet hing.) means, only Allah causes benefit or harm.

びゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ヴあよケ∠ ノ∠ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (My Lord comprehends in His knowledge all t hings. ) meaning, Allah's knowledge encompasses all t hings and not hing escapes His complet e observat ion,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Will you not t hen remember) what I explained t o you, considering your idols as false gods and refraining from worshipping t hem This reasoning from Prophet Ibrahim is similar t o t he argument t hat Prophet Hud used against his people, ` Ad. Allah ment ioned t his incident in His Book, when He said,

ヴ͡ミケ͡ ゅ∠わよ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ る∃ レ∠ Βあ ら∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ゅ∠ョ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ ラ͡ま - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ リ∠ハ ゅ∠レわ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡や￢ ヴあルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ￢∃ ヲ⊥ジよ͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ヂ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ポ ∠ や∠ゲわ∠ ∇ハや Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボルｚ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ヴあルぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇セぺ⊥ ヴあルま͡ - ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ レ⊥ゎ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥ギΒ͡ムプ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ び ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰわ͡ Β∠ タ ͡ ゅ∠レよ͡ ∀グ͡カや￢ (They said: "O Hud! No evidence have you brought us, and we shall not leave our gods for your (mere) saying! And we are not believers in you. All t hat we say is t hat some of our gods have seized you wit h evil.'' He said: "I call Allah t o wit ness - and bear you wit ness - t hat I am free from t hat which you ascribe as part ners in worship wit h Him (Allah). So plot against me, all of you, and give me no respit e. I put my t rust in Allah, my Lord and your Lord! There is not a moving creat ure but He has grasp of it s forelock. Verily, my Lord is on t he st raight pat h (t he t rut h).'') 11:53-56 Ibrahim's st at ement ,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ べ∠ョ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And how should I fear t hose whom you associat e. ..) means, how should I fear t he idols t hat you worship inst ead of Allah,

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇メゴあ レ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ユ⊥わ∇ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠

(while you fear not t hat you have j oined in worship wit h Allah t hings for which He has not sent down t o you any Sult an.) meaning, proof, according t o Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers among t he Salaf. Allah said in similar Ayat ;

ラ∠ク∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ͡ Αあギャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハゲ∠ セ ∠ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ͡ よ͡ (Or have t hey part ners who have inst it ut ed for t hem a religion which Allah has not allowed) 42:21 , and,

べｚョ ユ⊥ミぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ワヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βｚヨシ ∠ ∀￢べ∠ヨ∇シぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ∇ラま͡ぴ びリ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ (They are but names which you have named, you and your fat hers, for which Allah has sent down no aut horit y.) 53:21 His st at ement ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま リ ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ ペ ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βボ∠ Α͡ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや ン ぁ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ ((So) which of t he t wo part ies has more right t o be in securit y If you but know.) means, which of t he t wo part ies is on t he t rut h, t hose who worship Him in Whose Hand is harm and benefit , or t hose who worship what cannot bring harm or benefit , wit hout aut horit y t o j ust ify worshipping t hem Who among t hese t wo part ies has more right t o be saved from Allah's t orment on t he Day of Resurrect ion Allah said,

マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ユ∃ ∇ヤヌ ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ジら͡ ∇ヤΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ (It is t hose who believe and confuse not t heir belief wit h Zulm (wrong), for t hem (only) t here is securit y and t hey are t he guided.) Therefore, t hose who worship Allah alone wit hout part ners, will acquire safet y on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and t hey are t he guided ones in t his life and t he Hereaft er.

Shirk is the Greatest Zulm (Wrong) Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Abdullah said, "When t he Ayah,

びユ∃ ∇ヤヌ ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ジら͡ ∇ヤΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(and confuse not t heir belief wit h Zulm (wrong).) was revealed, t he Companions of t he Prophet said, ` And who among us did not commit Zulm against himself' The Ayah,

び∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ユ∇ヤヌ ⊥ ∠ャ ポ ∠ ∇ゲゼ あ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily! Joining ot hers in worship wit h Allah is a great Zulm (wrong) indeed.) 31:13 , was lat er revealed.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah said, "When t his Ayah was revealed,

びユ∃ ∇ヤヌ ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ジら͡ ∇ヤΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (It is t hose who believe and confuse not t heir belief wit h Zulm (wrong),) it was hard on t he people. They said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Who among us did not commit Zulm against himself' He said,

ギ⊥ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ョ やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∩∠ラヲ⊥レ∇バゎ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡» ウ ⊥ ャ͡ゅｚダャや (It is not what you underst ood from it . Did you not hear what t he right eous servant (Luqman) said,

び∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ユ∇ヤヌ ⊥ ∠ャ ポ ∠ ∇ゲゼ あ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヴ ｚ レ∠ ら⊥ Α∠ ぴ (O my son! Join not in worship ot hers wit h Allah. Verily! Shirk is a great Zulm (wrong) indeed.)) 31:13 . Therefore, it is about Shirk. Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ べ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠レわ⊥ イ ｚェ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat was Our proof which We gave Ibrahim against his people.) means, We direct ed him t o proclaim Our proof against t hem. Muj ahid and ot hers said t hat ` Our proof' refers t o,

∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ べ∠ョ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ン ぁ ほ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇メゴあ レ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ユ⊥わ∇ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ びリ ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ ペ ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βボ∠ Α͡ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや

(And how should I fear t hose whom you associat e in worship wit h Allah (t hough t hey can neit her benefit nor harm), while you fear not t hat you have j oined in worship wit h Allah t hings for which He has not sent down t o you any Sult an. (So) which of t he t wo part ies has more right t o be in securit y) Allah has t est ified Ibrahim's st at ement and affirmed securit y and guidance, saying;

マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ユ∃ ∇ヤヌ ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ジら͡ ∇ヤΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ (It is t hose who believe and confuse not t heir belief wit h Zulm, for t hem t here is securit y and t hey are t he guided.) Allah said,

ノ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲル∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ べ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠レわ⊥ イ ｚェ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ び￢⊥ べ∠ゼルｚ リｚョ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ (And t hat was Our proof which We gave Ibrahim against his people. We raise in degrees whom We will.) And;

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Cert ainly your Lord is All-Wise, All-Knowing.) He is All-Wise in His st at ement s and act ions, AllKnower of t hose whom He guides or misguides, and whet her t he proof was est ablished against t hem or not . Allah also said,

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ユ∠ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る∃ Α∠ や￢ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ (Truly! Those, against whom t he Word (wrat h) of your Lord has been j ust ified, will not believe. Even if every sign should come t o t hem -- unt il t hey see t he painful t orment .) 10:96-97 This is why Allah said here,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Cert ainly your Lord is All-Wise, All-Knowing.)

ゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ルヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Α∠ギ∠ワ ６Κミ⊥ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らワ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ヱ∠ キ∠ ヱ⊥ヱや∠キ ヮ͡ わ͡ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇Α∠ギ∠ワ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョヱ∠ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Αヱ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲぁΑぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハヱ∠ ヴ∠Β∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚΑ͡ゲ∠ミ∠コ∠ヱ - リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ ノ∠ ジ ∠ Β∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョあ モ ｘ ミ⊥ サ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ャま͡ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤツ ｚ プ∠ ６Κミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔デヲ⊥ャヱ∠ ザ ∠ ル⊥ ヲ⊥Αヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βら∠ わ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒ｚΑケあ ク⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ ゅ∠よや￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ン∠ギワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク - ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ワ∠ ヱ∠ テ ∠ ら͡ エ ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ∠りヲｚ ら⊥ レぁ ャや∠ヱ ユ∠ ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ムよ͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ジ∇Βャｚ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ゅヰ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤミｚ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ほ∠∇シぺ∠ Ι ｚ モ⊥ホ ∇ロギ͡ わ∠ ∇ホや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ や∠ギヰ⊥ ら͡ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ン∠ギ∠ワ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャ͡ ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ (84. And We best owed upon him Ishaq and Ya` qub, each of t hem We guided, and before him, We guided Nuh and among his progeny Dawud, Sulayman, Ayyub, Yusuf, Musa, and Harun. Thus do We reward t he good-doers.) (85. And Zakariyya, and Yahya and ` Isa and Iliyas, each one of t hem was of t he right eous.) (86. And Isma` il and Al-Yasa` , and Yunus and Lut , and each one of t hem We preferred above t he ` Alamin (mankind and Jinns, of t heir t imes).) (87. And also some of t heir fat hers and t heir progeny and t heir bret hren, We chose t hem, and We guided t hem t o a st raight pat h.) (88. This is t he guidance of Allah wit h which He guides whomsoever He wills of His servant s. But if t hey had j oined in worship ot hers wit h Allah, all t hat t hey used t o do would have been of no benefit t o t hem.) (89. They are t hose whom We gave t he Book, Al-Hukm, and prophet hood. But if t hey disbelieve t herein, t hen, indeed We have ent rust ed it t o a people who are not disbelievers t herein.) (90. They are t hose whom Allah had guided. So follow t heir guidance. Say: "No reward I ask of you for t his (t he Qur'an). It is only a reminder for t he ` Alamin (mankind and Jinns).''

Ibrahim Receives the News of Ishaq and Ya` qub During His Old Age Allah st at es t hat aft er Ibrahim became old and he, and his wife, Sarah, lost hope of having children, He gave t hem Ishaq. The angels came t o Ibrahim on t heir way t o t he people of Prophet Lut (t o dest roy t hem) and t hey delivered t he good news of a child t o Ibrahim and his wife. Ibrahim's wife was amazed at t he news,

ゅ⇔ガ∇Βセ ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∇バ∠よ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ∀コヲ⊥イ∠ハ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ャ͡ぺ∠￢∠ ゅ∠わヤ∠∇Αヲ∠ Α ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホぴ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡らイ ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ∀ょΒ͡イ∠ハ ￢∀ ∇ヴゼ ∠ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ミゲ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや び ∀ギΒ͡イョｚ ∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ (She said (in ast onishment ): "Woe unt o me! Shall I bear a child while I am an old woman, and here is my husband, an old man Verily! This is a st range t hing!'' They said: "Do you wonder at t he decree of Allah The mercy of Allah and His blessings be on you, O t he family of Ibrahim . Surely, He (Allah) is All-Praisewort hy, All-Glorious.'') 11:72-73 The angels also gave t hem t he good news t hat Ishaq will be a Prophet and t hat he will have offspring of his own. In anot her Ayah, Allah said;

び ∠リΒ͡エ͡ヤ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔Β∂ ら͡ ル∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シみ͡よ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲゼ ｚ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We gave him t he good news of Ishaq a Prophet from t he right eous.) 37:112 , which perfect s t his good news and complet es t he favor. Allah said,

びゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ ￢͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シみ͡よ͡ ぴ (of Ishaq, and aft er him, of Ya` qub...) 11:71 , meaning, t his child will have anot her child in your lifet ime, so t hat your eyes are comfort ed by him, j ust as your eyes will be comfort ed by his fat her. Cert ainly, one becomes j ubilant and j oyous when he becomes a grandfat her, because t his means t hat his offspring will cont inue t o exist . It was also expect ed t hat if an elderly couple had children, due t o t he child's weakness, he would have no offspring. This is why Allah delivered t he good news of Ishaq and of his son Ya` qub, whose name lit erally means ` mult iplying and having offspring'. This was a reward for Ibrahim who left his people and migrat ed from t heir land so t hat he could worship Allah alone. Allah compensat ed Ibrahim wit h bet t er t han his people and t ribe when He gave him right eous children of his own, who would follow his religion, so t hat his eyes would be comfort ed by t hem. In anot her Ayah, Allah said; a

ゅ∠レ∇らワ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ゴ∠ わ∠ ∇ハや ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔Β∂ ら͡ ル∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ６Κミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ (So when he t urned away from t hem and from t hose whom t hey worshipped besides Allah, We gave him Ishaq and Ya` qub, and each one of t hem We made a Prophet .) 19:49 Allah said here,

びゅ∠レ∇Α∠ギ∠ワ ６Κミ⊥ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らワ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We best owed upon him Ishaq and Ya` qub, each of t hem We guided,) Allah said;

びモ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Αギ∠ ワ∠ ゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ルヱ∠ ぴ (and before him, We guided Nuh...) meaning, We guided Nuh before and gave him right eous offspring, j ust as We guided Ibrahim and gave him right eous children.

Qualities of Nuh and Ibrahim Each of t hese t wo Prophet s had special qualit ies. When Allah caused t he people of t he eart h t o drown, except t hose who believed in Nuh and accompanied him in t he ark, Allah made t he offspring of Nuh t he dwellers of t he eart h t hereaft er. Ever since t hat occurred, t he people of t he eart h were and st ill are t he descendant s of Nuh. As for Ibrahim, Allah did not send a Prophet aft er him but from his descendant s. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

びょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∠りヲｚ ら⊥ レぁ ャや ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ わ͡ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We ordained among his (Ibrahim's) offspring prophet hood and t he Book.) 29:27 ,

ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ わ͡ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ル ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∠りヲｚ ら⊥ レぁ ャや (And indeed, We sent Nuh and Ibrahim, and placed in t heir offspring Prophet hood and t he Book.) 57:26 , and,

リ͡ョ リ ∠ ∇ΒΒあ ら͡ レｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺぴ ͡るΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ や￢ ͡るΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ べ∠レ∇Βら∠ わ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∇Α∠ギ∠ワ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ ヱ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ び ゅ⇔Β∂ ム͡ よ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ギｚイシ ⊥ ∇やヱぁゲカ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠Αや￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (Those were t hey unt o whom Allah best owed His grace from among t he Prophet s, of t he offspring of Adam, and of t hose whom We carried (in t he ship) wit h Nuh, and of t he offspring of Ibrahim and Isra'il and from among t hose whom We guided and chose. When t he verses of t he Most Beneficent (Allah) were recit ed unt o t hem, t hey fell down prost rat ing and weeping.) 19:58 Allah said in t his honorable Ayah here,

びヮ͡ わ͡ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (and among his progeny...) meaning, We guided from among his offspring,

びリ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∠キヱ⊥ヱや∠キぴ (Dawud, Sulayman...) from t he offspring of Nuh, according t o Ibn Jarir. It is also possible t hat t he Ayah refers t o Ibrahim since it is about him t hat t he blessings were originally ment ioned here, alt hough Lut is not from his offspring, for he was Ibrahim's nephew, t he son of his brot her Maran, t he son of Azar. It is possible t o say t hat Lut was ment ioned in Ibrahim's offspring as a generalizat ion. As Allah said,

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ゲ∠ ツ ∠ ェ ∠ ∇クま͡ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ ヰ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ン͡ギ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ Β͡レら∠ ャ͡ や⇔ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ マ ∠ も͡ べ∠よへ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ (Or were you wit nesses when deat h approached Ya` qub When he said unt o his sons, "What will you worship aft er me'' They said, "We shall worship your God, and t he God of your fat hers, Ibrahim, Isma` il, Ishaq, One God, and t o Him we submit .'') 2:133 . Here, Isma` il was ment ioned among t he ascendant s of Ya` qub, alt hough he was Ya` qub's uncle. Similarly Allah said,

ヴ∠よぺ∠ ザ ∠ Β͡ヤ∇よま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ イ ∠ジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ギイ ͡ ⇒ｚジャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ (So t he angels prost rat ed t hemselves, all of t hem t oget her. Except Iblis -- he refused t o be among t hose t o prost rat e.) 15:30-31 . Allah included Iblis in His order t o t he angels t o prost rat e, and chast ised him for his opposit ion, all because he was similar t o t hem in t hat (order), so he was considered among t hem in general, alt hough he was a Jinn. Iblis was creat ed from fire while t he angels were creat ed from light . Ment ioning ` Isa in t he offspring of Ibrahim, or Nuh as we st at ed above, is proof t hat t he grandchildren from a man's daught er's side are included among his offspring. ` Isa is included among Ibrahim's progeny t hrough his mot her, alt hough ` Isa did not have a fat her. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Harb bin Abi Al-Aswad said, "Al-Haj j aj sent t o Yahya bin Ya` mar, saying, ` I was t old t hat you claim t hat Al-Hasan and Al-Husayn are from t he offspring of t he Prophet , did you find it in t he Book of Allah I read t he Qur'an from beginning t o end and did not find it .' Yahya said, ` Do you not read in Surat AlAn` am,

び∠リ⇒∠ヨ∇Β∠ヤシ ⊥ ∠ヱ ∠キヱ⊥ヱや∠キ ヮ͡ わ͡ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (and among his progeny Dawud, Sulayman...) unt il,

びヴ∠ジΒ͡ハヱ∠ ヴ∠Β∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and Yahya and ` Isa...) Al-Haj j aj said, ` Yes.' Yahya said, ` Is not ` Isa from t he offspring of Ibrahim, alt hough he did not have a fat her' Al-Haj j aj said, ` You have said t he t rut h.''' For example, when a man leaves behind a legacy, a t rust , or gift t o his "offspring'' t hen t he children of his daught ers are included. But if a man gives somet hing t o his "sons'', or he leaves a t rust behind for t hem, t hen t hat would be part icular t o his male children and t heir male children. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ ゅ∠よや￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And also some of t heir fat hers and t heir progeny and t heir bret hren,) 6:87 , ment ions t hat some of t hese Prophet s' ascendant s and descendant s were also guided and chosen. So Allah said,

びユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴャ∠ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ワ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠ら∠わ∇ィや∠ヱぴ (We chose t hem, and We guided t hem t o a st raight pat h.)

Shirk Eradicates the Deeds, Even the Deeds of the Messengers

Allah said next ,

びロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ン∠ギワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (This is t he guidance of Allah wit h which He guides whomsoever He wills of His servant s.) meaning, t his occurred t o t hem by Allah's leave and because He direct ed t hem t o guidance. Allah said;

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ テ ∠ ら͡ エ ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (But if t hey had j oined in worship ot hers wit h Allah, all t hat t hey used t o do would have been of no benefit t o t hem.) This magnifies t he serious danger of Shirk and t he gravit y of commit t ing it . In anot her Ayah, Allah said;

∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャ͡ま∠ヱ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びマ ∠ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ リ ｚト ∠ ら∠ ∇エΒ∠ ャ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ (And indeed it has been revealed t o you, as it was t o t hose (Allah's Messengers) before you: "If you j oin ot hers in worship wit h Allah, surely your deeds will be in vain.'') 39:65 ` If' here does not mean t hat t his would ever occur, as is similar in Allah's st at ement ;

びリ ∠ Α͡ギら͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ほ∠プ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "If t he Most Beneficent had a son, t hen I am t he first of Allah's worshippers.'') 43:81 , and

ゅｚレミ⊥ ラ͡ま べｚルギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ Ι ｚ や⇔ヲ∇ヰャ∠ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ ルｚ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ル∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヤバ͡ ⇒∠プ (If We int ended t o t ake a past ime (a wife or a son, et c.) We could surely have t aken it from Us, if We were going t o do (t hat )) 21:17 , and,

ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヴ∠ヘト ∠ ∇タΙ ｚ や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ヲャｚぴ び ケ⊥ ゅｚヰボ∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ

(If Allah willed t o t ake a son, He could have chosen whom He pleased out of t hose whom He creat ed. But glory be t o Him! He is Allah, t he One, t he Compelling.) 39:4 Allah said,

び∠りヲｚ ら⊥ レぁ ャや∠ヱ ユ∠ ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (They are t hose whom We gave t he Book, Al-Hukm, and prophet hood.) We best owed t hese bount ies on t hem, as a mercy for t he servant s, and out of our kindness for creat ion.

びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (But if t hey disbelieve t herein...) in t he prophet hood, or t he t hree t hings; t he Book, t he Hukm and t he prophet hood,

び￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワぴ (They...) refers t o t he people of Makkah, according t o Ibn ` Abbas, Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib, AdDahhak, Qat adah, As-Suddi, and ot hers.

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ムよ͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ジ∇Βャｚ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ゅ∠レ∇ヤミｚ ヱ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t hen, indeed We have ent rust ed it t o a people who are not disbelievers t herein.) This Ayah means, if t he Quraysh and t he rest of t he people of t he eart h - Arabs and non-Arabs, illit erat e and t he People of t he Script ure - disbelieve in t hese bount ies, t hen We have ent rust ed t hem t o anot her people, t he Muhaj irun and Ansar, and t hose who follow t heir lead unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒ム∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ジ∇Βャｚぴ (who are not disbelievers t herein.) They will not deny any of t hese favors, not even one let t er. Rat her, t hey will believe in t hem t ot ally, even t he part s t hat are not so clear t o some of t hem. We ask Allah t o make us among t hem by His favor, generosit y and kindness. Addressing His servant and Messenger, Muhammad , Allah said;

びマ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (They are...) t he Prophet s ment ioned here, along wit h t heir right eous fat hers, offspring and bret heren,

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ン∠ギ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ

(t hose whom Allah had guided.) meaning, t hey alone are t he people of guidance,

び∇ロギ͡ わ∠ ∇ホや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ や∠ギヰ⊥ ら͡ プ∠ ぴ (So follow t heir guidance.) Imit at e t hem. This command t o t he Messenger cert ainly applies t o his Ummah, according t o what he legislat es and commands t hem. While ment ioning t his Ayah, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Muj ahid asked Ibn ` Abbas, "Is t here an inst ance where prost rat ion is warrant ed in Surah Sad'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "Yes.'' He t hen recit ed,

びゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らワ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (...And We best owed upon him Ishaq and Ya` qub...) unt il,

び∇ロギ͡ わ∠ ∇ホや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ や∠ギヰ⊥ ら͡ プ∠ ぴ (...So follow t heir guidance.) He comment ed, "He (our Prophet , Muhammad ) was among t hem.'' In anot her narrat ion, Muj ahid added t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Your Prophet was among t hose whose guidance we were commanded t o follow.'' Allah's st at ement ,

びや⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ほ∠∇シぺ∠ Ι ｚ モ⊥ホぴ (Say: "No reward I ask of you for t his.'') means, I do not ask you for any reward for delivering t he Qur'an t o you, nor anyt hing else,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャ͡ ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ぴ ("It is only a reminder for t he ` Alamin (mankind and Jinns).'') so t hey are reminded by it and guided from blindness t o clarit y, from misguidance t o guidance, and from disbelief t o fait h.

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ ロ͡ ケ͡ ∇ギホ∠ ペ ｚェ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ケギ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ン͡グャｚや ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇リョ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ゲ∃ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∇イ∠ゎ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤあャ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ユャ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤあハ ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ルヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ ザ ∠ Β͡デゲ∠ ホ∠

ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケク∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや∠￢ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∀ポ∠ケゅ∠らョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ら∠バ∇ヤ∠Α ∇ユヰ͡ ッ ͡ ∇ヲカ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ｚュぺ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥わャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ン͡グャｚや ベ ⊥ ギあ ∠ダョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌプ͡ ゅ∠エΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ Κ ∠タ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (91. They did not est imat e Allah wit h an est imat ion due t o Him when t hey said: "Not hing did Allah send down t o any human being (by inspirat ion).'' Say : "Who t hen sent down t he Book which Musa brought , a light and a guidance t o mankind which you (t he Jews) have made int o (separat e) papersheet s, disclosing (some of it ) and concealing much. And you were t aught t hat which neit her you nor your fat hers knew.'' Say: "Allah (sent it down).'' Then leave t hem t o play in t heir vain discussions.) (92. And t his is a blessed Book which We have sent down, confirming what came before it , so t hat you may warn t he Mot her of Towns and all t hose around it . Those who believe in t he Hereaft er believe in it , and t hey are const ant in guarding t heir Salah.)

The Messenger is but a Human to Whom the Book was Revealed by Inspiration Allah says t hat t hose who rej ect ed His Messengers did not give Allah due considerat ion. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and ` Abdullah bin Kat hir said t hat t his Ayah was revealed about t he Quraysh. It was also said t hat it was revealed about some Jews.

び￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ゲ∃ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "Not hing did Allah send down t o any human being (by inspirat ion).'') Allah also, said,

∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅ⇔ら∠イ∠ハ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミぺ∠ぴ びサ ∠ ゅｚレャや ケ͡ グ͡ ル∠ぺ (Is it a wonder for mankind t hat We have inspired t o a man from among t hemselves (saying): "Warn mankind.'') 10:2 , and,

Ι ｚ ま͡ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ノ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ モ⊥ホ - Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ や⇔ゲゼ ∠ よ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ∠ぺ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ レ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βあレゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トョ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ る∀ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや びΙ ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ ゅ⇔ムヤ∠ョ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ (And not hing prevent ed men from believing when t he guidance came t o t hem, except t hat t hey said: "Has Allah sent a man as Messenger'' Say: "If t here were on t he eart h, angels walking about in peace and securit y, We should cert ainly have sent down for t hem from t he heaven an angel as a Messenger.'') 17:94-95 . Allah said here,

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ ロ͡ ケ͡ ∇ギホ∠ ペ ｚェ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ケギ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ゲ∃ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (They did not est imat e Allah wit h an est imat ion due t o Him when t hey said: "Not hing did Allah send down t o any human being (by inspirat ion).'') Allah answered t hem,

や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ン͡グャｚや ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇リョ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びサ ͡ ゅｚレヤあャ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ (Say : "Who t hen sent down t he Book which Musa brought , a light and a guidance t o mankind'') meaning, say, O Muhammad , t o t hose who deny t he concept t hat Allah sent down Books by revelat ion, answering t hem specifically,

びヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ン͡グャｚや ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇リョ∠ ぴ (Who t hen sent down t he Book which Musa brought ) in reference t o t he Tawrah t hat you and all ot hers know t hat Allah sent down t o Musa, son of ` Imran. Allah sent t he Tawrah as a light and a guidance for people, so t hat it could shed light on t he answers t o various disput es, and t o guide away from t he darkness of doubt s. Allah's st at ement , .

びや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ ザ ∠ Β͡デゲ∠ ホ∠ ヮ⊥ ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∇イ∠ゎぴ (which you have made int o (separat e) papersheet s, disclosing (some of it ) and concealing (much).) means, you made t he Tawrah int o separat e sheet s which you copied from t he original

and alt ered, changed and dist ort ed as you wished. You t hen said, "t his is from Allah,'' meaning it is in t he revealed Book of Allah, when in fact , it is not from Allah. This is why Allah said here,

びや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ ザ ∠ Β͡デゲ∠ ホ∠ ヮ⊥ ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∇イ∠ゎぴ (which you have made int o (separat e) papersheet s, disclosing (some of it ) and concealing (much).) Allah said;

び∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや∠￢ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユャ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤあハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And you were t aught t hat which neit her you nor your fat hers knew.) meaning, Who sent down t he Qur'an in which Allah t aught you t he news of t hose who were before you and t he news of what will come aft er, t hat neit her you nor your fat hers had knowledge of. Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Allah.'') ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Meaning, ` Say, Allah sent it down.''' Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らバ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ッ ͡ ∇ヲカ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケク∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then leave t hem t o play in t heir vain discussions.) leave t hem t o play in ignorance and misguidance unt il t he t rue news comes t o t hem from Allah. Then, t hey will know whet her t he good end is t heirs or for t he fearful servant s of Allah. Allah said,

び∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ぴ (And t his is a Book,) t he Qur'an,

ｚュぺ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥わャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ン͡グャｚや ベ ⊥ ギあ ∠ダョぁ ∀ポ∠ケゅ∠らョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺぴ びン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや (Blessed, which We have sent down, confirming which came before it , so t hat you may warn t he Mot her of Towns) t hat is, Makkah,

びゅ∠ヰャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and all t hose around it ...) refering t o t he Arabs and t he rest of t he children of Adam, Arabs and non-Arabs alike. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴあルま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "O mankind! Verily, I am sent t o you all as t he Messenger of Allah.'') 7:158 , and

びヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ルｘΙぴ ("t hat I may t herewit h warn you and whomsoever it may reach.'') 6:19 , and

びロ⊥ ギ⊥ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャゅ∠プ ゆ ͡ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (but t hose of t he sect s who rej ect it , t he Fire will be t heir promised meet ing place) 11:17 and,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャ͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ホ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ン͡グャｚや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぴ び や⇔ゲΑ͡グル∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャ͡ (Blessed be He Who sent down t he crit erion t o His servant t hat he may be a warner t o t he ` Alamin (mankind and Jinn).) 25:1 , and,

∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠￢∠ リ ∠ ΒあΒョあ Ι ｙ や∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ∠ら∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱｚ ∇やヱ∠ギわ∠ ∇ワや ギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ びキ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャゅよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (And say t o t hose who were given t he Script ure and t o t hose who are illit erat es: "Do you submit yourselves'' If t hey do, t hey are right ly guided; but if t hey t urn away, your dut y is only t o convey t he Message; and Allah is All-Seer of (His) servant s.) 3:20 . It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs, t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

￢͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ト ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥» «ヶ͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ

(I have been given five t hings which were not given t o any one else before me.) The Prophet ment ioned among t hese five t hings,

ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩⇔るタ ｚ ゅ∠カ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ヶ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ » «るｚョゅ∠ハ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ (Every Prophet was sent only t o his nat ion, but I have been sent t o all people.) This is why Allah said,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (Those who believe in t he Hereaft er believe in it ,) meaning, t hose who believe in Allah and t he Last Day, believe in t his blessed Book, t he Qur'an, which We revealed t o you, O Muhammad ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌプ͡ ゅ∠エΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ Κ ∠タ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey are const ant in guarding t heir Salah.) for t hey perform what Allah ordered t hem, offering t he prayers perfect ly and on t ime.

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔よ͡グミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや リ ͡ ヨｚ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ メ ⊥ ゴ͡ ル⊥ほシ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゥ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ͡ヤ⇒ｚヌャや ク͡ ま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ルぺ∠ べ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥トシ ͡ ゅ∠よ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや れ ͡ や∠ゲヨ∠ ビ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ヰ∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ン∠キや∠ゲプ⊥ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ￢∠ や∠ケヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャヲｚ カ ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨハ ∠ コ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠バヘ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ン∠ゲル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥

ゅｚョ ユ⊥ムレ∠ハ モ ｚッ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ノ∠ ト ｚ ボ∠ ゎｚ ギ∠ボャ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨハ ⊥ ∇ゴゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ (93. And who can be more unj ust t han he who invent s a lie against Allah, or says: "I have received inspirat ion,'' whereas he is not inspired in anyt hing; and who says, "I will reveal t he like of what Allah has revealed.'' And if you could but see when t he wrongdoers are in t he agonies of deat h, while t he angels are st ret ching fort h t heir hands (saying): "Deliver your souls! This day you shall be recompensed wit h t he t orment of degradat ion because of what you used t o ut t er against Allah ot her t han t he t rut h. And you used t o rej ect His Ayat wit h disrespect !'') (94. And t ruly you have come unt o Us alone, as We creat ed you t he first t ime. You have left behind you all t hat which We had best owed on you. We see not wit h you your int ercessors whom you claimed t o be your part ners. Now you and t hey have been cut off, and all t hat you used t o claim has vanished from you.)

None is Worse Than One who Invents a Lie Against Allah and Claims Allah said,

びゅ⇔よ͡グミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや リ ͡ ヨｚ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And who can be more unj ust t han he who invent s a lie against Allah,) Therefore, none is more unj ust t han one who lies about Allah claiming t hat He has part ners or a son, or falsely claiming t hat Allah sent him as a Prophet ;

び∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゥ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェ∇ヱぺ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or says: "I have received inspirat ion,'' whereas he is not inspired wit h anyt hing;) ` Ikrimah and Qat adah said t hat t his Ayah was revealed about Musaylimah Al-Kadhdhab.

びヮ⊥ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ルぺ∠ べ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ メ ⊥ ゴ͡ ル⊥ほシ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and who says, "I will reveal t he like of what Allah has revealed.'') This refers t o he, who claims t hat t he lies he invent s rival t he revelat ion t hat came from Allah. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,

￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びへ∠グ⇒∠ワ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤボ⊥ ∠ャ

(And when Our verses (of t he Qur'an) are recit ed t o t hem, t hey say: "We have heard t his (t he Qur'an); if we wish we can say t he like of t his.'')

None is Worse Than One who Invents a Lie Against Allah and Claims that Revelation Came to Him Allah said,

びゅ⇔よ͡グミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや リ ͡ ヨｚ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And who can be more unj ust t han he who invent s a lie against Allah,) Therefore, none is more unj ust t han one who lies about Allah claiming t hat He has part ners or a son, or falsely claiming t hat Allah sent him as a Prophet ;

び∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゥ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェ∇ヱぺ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or says: "I have received inspirat ion,'' whereas he is not inspired wit h anyt hing;) ` Ikrimah and Qat adah said t hat t his Ayah was revealed about Musaylimah Al-Kadhdhab.

びヮ⊥ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ルぺ∠ べ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ メ ⊥ ゴ͡ ル⊥ほシ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and who says, "I will reveal t he like of what Allah has revealed.'') This refers t o he, who claims t hat t he lies he invent s rival t he revelat ion t hat came from Allah. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,

￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びへ∠グ⇒∠ワ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤボ⊥ ∠ャ (And when Our verses (of t he Qur'an) are recit ed t o t hem, t hey say: "We have heard t his (t he Qur'an); if we wish we can say t he like of t his.'')

The Condition of These Unjust People Upon Death and on the Day of Resurrection Allah, t he Most Honored, said,

びれ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや れ ͡ や∠ゲヨ∠ ビ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ク͡ ま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(And if you could but see when t he wrongdoers are in t he agonies of deat h...) suffering from t he hardhips, agonies and afflict ions of deat h,

び∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥トシ ͡ ゅ∠よ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (while t he angels are st ret ching fort h t heir hands...) beat ing t hem. Allah said in ot her Ayat :

びヴ͡レヤ∠わ⊥ ∇ボわ∠ ャ͡ ポ ∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ろ ∠ ト∠ジよ∠ リ͡ゃャ∠ぴ (If you do st ret ch your hand against me t o kill me..) 5:28 and,

び￢͡ ヲぁジャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥トジ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And st ret ch fort h t heir hands and t heir t ongues against you wit h evil.) 60:2 Ad-Dahhak and Abu Salih said t hat , ` st ret ch fort h t heir hands,' means, ` wit h t orment '. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,

る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇クま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ (And if you could see when t he angels t ake away t he souls of t hose who disbelieve t hey smit e t heir faces and t heir backs. ) 8:50 Allah said,

び∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥トシ ͡ ゅ∠よ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (while t he angels are st ret ching fort h t heir hands) beat ing t hem, unt il t heir souls leave t heir bodies, saying,

びユ⊥ ム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ぴ ("Deliver your souls!'') When t he disbeliever is near deat h, t he angels will convey t he ` good news' t o him of t orment , vengeance, chains, rest raint s, Hell, boiling wat er and t he anger of t he Most Beneficent , Most Merciful. The soul will t hen scat t er in t he body of t he disbeliever and refuse t o get out of it . The angels will keep beat ing t he disbeliever unt il his soul exit s from his body,

ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ヰ∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ぴ びペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ((Saying): "Deliver your souls! This day you shall be recompensed wit h t he t orment of degradat ion because of what you used t o say about Allah ot her t han t he t rut h.'') This Ayah means, t oday, you will be ut t erly humiliat ed because you used t o invent lies against Allah and arrogant ly refused t o follow His Ayat and obey His Mesengers. There are many Hadit hs, of Mut awat ir grade, t hat explain what occurs when t he believers and disbelievers die, and we will ment ion t hese Hadit hs when explaining Allah's st at ement ,

ヴ͡プ ろ ͡ よ͡ ゅｚんャや メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ろ ⊥ あらん∠ Α⊥ ぴ びり͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや (Allah will keep firm t hose who believe, wit h t he word t hat st ands firm in t his world, and in t he Hereaft er.) 14:27 Allah said next ,

びり∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ン∠キや∠ゲプ⊥ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t ruly you have come unt o Us alone as We creat ed you t he first t ime.) 6:94 , and t his st at ement will be said on t he Day of Ret urn. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,

ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚ ゅ∠ヘタ ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びり∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ (And t hey will be set before your Lord in rows, (and Allah will say): "Now indeed, you have come t o Us as We creat ed you t he first t ime.') 18:48 , meaning, j ust as We st art ed your creat ion, We brought you back, alt hough you used t o deny Resurrect ion and rej ect it s possibilit y. Therefore, t his is t he Day of Resurrect ion! Allah said,

び∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ￢∠ や∠ケヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャヲｚ カ ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (You have left behind you all t hat which We had best owed on you.) 6:94 , The wealt h and t he money t hat you collect ed in t he life of t he world, you left all t his behind you. It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat Allah's Messenger said,

ゅｚャま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ョ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ∇モワ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ャゅ∠ョ ヶ͡ャゅョ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ⊥ ∇よや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » ろ ∠ ∇ホギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∠ろ∇Βヤ∠∇よほ∠プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ジら͡ ャ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∠ろ∇Βレ∠ ∇プほ∠プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤミ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ミ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ゎヱ∠ ∀ょ͡ワや∠グ∠プ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ン∠ヲシ ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩∠ろ∇Βツ ∠ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ «サゅｚレヤ͡ャ (The Son of Adam says, ` My money, my money!' But , what part of your money do you have, ot her t han what you eat of it and is t hus spent , what you wear and t ear and what you gave in chairt y and t hus remains (in t he record of good deeds) Ot her t han t hat , you will depart and leave it t o t he people.) Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "On t he Day of Resurrect ion, t he Son of Adam will be brought , as if he were a golden chariot and Allah, t he Most Honored, will ask, ` Where is what you collect ed' He will reply, ` O Lord! I collect ed it and left it as int act as ever.' Allah will say t o him, ` O Son of Adam! Where is what you sent fort h for yourself (of right eous, good deeds),' and he will realize t hat he did not send fort h anyt hing for himself.'' Al-Hasan t hen recit ed t he Ayah,

り∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ン∠キや∠ゲプ⊥ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ￢∠ や∠ケヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャヲｚ カ ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ (And t ruly you have come unt o Us alone as We creat ed you t he first t ime. You have left behind you all t hat which We had best owed on you.) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t his st at ement . Allah said;

∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨハ ∠ コ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠バヘ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ン∠ゲル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び￢⊥ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ (We see not wit h you your int ercessors whom you claimed t o be your part ners.) This chast ises and crit icizes t he disbelievers for t he rivals, idols and images t hat t hey worshipped in t his life, t hinking t hey will avail t hem in t his life and upon Resurrect ion, if t here is Resurrect ion, as t hey t hought . On t he Day of Resurrect ion, all relat ionships will be cut off, misguidance will be exposed, and t hose whom t hey used t o call upon as gods will disappear from t hem. Allah will t hen call t hem, while t he rest of creat ion is list ening,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨハ ⊥ ∇ゴゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ ∠ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ぴ (Where are My (so-called) part ners whom you used t o assert ) 28:62 And,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ わ∠ レ∠Α ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇モワ∠ (And it will be said t o t hem: "Where are t hose t hat you used t o worship. Inst ead of Allah Can t hey help you or help t hemselves'') 26:92-93 Allah said here,

∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨハ ∠ コ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠バヘ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ン∠ゲル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び￢⊥ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ (We see not wit h you your int ercessors whom you claimed were part ners.) meaning part ners in worship. That is, part ners in a share of your worship.

び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ノ∠ ト ｚ ボ∠ ゎｚ ギ∠ボャ∠ぴ (Now you and t hey have been cut off) or, t he Ayah is recit ed wit h t he meaning: all connect ions, means, and t ies bet ween you and t hem have been severed.

びユ⊥ムレ∠ハ モ ｚッ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and vanished from you) you have lost ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨハ ⊥ ∇ゴゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅｚョぴ (all t hat you used t o claim) of hope in t he benefit of t he idols and rivals (you worshipped wit h Allah). Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

∇やヱ⊥ ぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎぁ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ぺ∠ゲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇シΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ろバ∠ ト ｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ゅｚレ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥￢ゲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ぺ∠ゲｚ ら∠ わ∠ レ∠ プ∠ り⇔ ゲｚ ミ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や

ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ れ ∃ ゲ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ び ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ィゲ͡ ⇒∠ガよ͡ (When t hose who were followed, declare t hemselves innocent and t hey see t he t orment , t hen all t heir relat ions will be cut followed will say: "If only we had one more chance t o ret urn, have disowned us.'' Thus Allah will show t hem t heir deeds as never get out of t he Fire.) 2:166-167 , and

of t hose who followed (t hem), off from t hem. And t hose who we would disown t hem as t hey regret for t hem. And t hey will

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠ジル∠ぺ Κ ∠ プ∠ ケ͡ ヲぁダャや ヴ͡プ オ ∠ ヘ͡ ル⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジわ∠ Α∠ (Then, when t he Trumpet is blown, t here will be no kinship among t hem t hat Day, nor will t hey ask of one anot her.) 23:101 , and

ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ∇Βよ∠ り∠ キｚ ヲ∠ ョｚ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠を∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ や ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ リ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ヱ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲダ ͡ ⇒ｚル a(You have t aken (for worship) idols inst ead of Allah, and t he love bet ween you is only in t he life of t his world, but on t he Day of Resurrect ion, you shall disown each ot her, and curse each ot her, and your abode will be t he Fire, and you shall have no helper.) 29:25 , and

∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡イ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ギ∠ プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ (And it will be said (t o t hem): "Call upon your part ners'', and t hey will call upon t hem, but t hey will give no answer t o t hem.) 28:64 , and

び∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボル∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And t he Day whereon We shall gat her t hem all t oget her, t hen We shall say t o t hose who commit t ed Shirk...) 10:28 unt il,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t heir invent ed false deit ies will vanish from t hem.) 10:30

リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ン∠ヲレｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ あ エ ∠ ∇ャや ペ ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠プ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヴｚルほ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡ク ヴ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ͡ Βあ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガョ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ Βあ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ⇔レ∠ムシ ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゥ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇タΗ ͡や ペ ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠プ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムプ∠ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Α͡ギ∇ボゎ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ら∇ジェ ⊥ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰわ∠ ャ͡ ュ∠ ヲ⊥イレぁ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ や ゅ∠レ∇ヤダ ｚ プ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ ヴ͡プ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α (95. Verily! It is Allah Who causes t he seed grain and t he fruit st one t o split and sprout . He brings fort h t he living from t he dead, and it is He Who brings fort h t he dead from t he living. Such is Allah, t hen how are you deluded away from t he t rut h) (96. (He is t he) Cleaver of t he daybreak. He has appoint ed t he night for rest ing, and t he sun and t he moon for reckoning. Such is t he measuring of t he Almight y, t he All-Knowing.) (97. It is He Who has set t he st ars for you, so t hat you may guide your course wit h t heir help t hrough t he darkness of t he land and t he sea. We have (indeed) explained in det ail Our Ayat for people who know.)

Recognizing Allah Through Some of His Ayat Allah st at es t hat He causes t he seed grain and t he fruit st one t o split and sprout in t he ground, producing various t ypes, colors, shapes, and t ast es of grains and produce. The Ayah,

びン∠ヲレｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ あ エ ∠ ∇ャや ペ ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠プぴ (Who causes t he seed grain and t he fruit st one t o split and sprout .) is explained by t he next st at ement ,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ͡ Βあヨ∠ ∇ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガョ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ Βあヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ぴ びヴ あエ ∠ ∇ャや (He brings fort h t he living from t he dead, and it is He Who brings fort h t he deed from t he living.) meaning, He brings t he living plant from t he seed grain and t he fruit st one, which is a lifless and inanimat e obj ect . Allah said,

ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ΒΒ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ る⊥ わ∠ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャｚ ∀る∠Αや∠￢∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ゅ⇔ら∂ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ (And a sign for t hem is t he dead land. We gave it life, and We brought fort h from it grains, so t hat t hey eat t hereof.) 36:33 unt il,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (as well as of t heir own (human) kind (male and female), and of t hat which t hey know not .) 36:36 Allah's st at ement ,

びヴ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ Βあ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and it is He Who brings fort h t he dead from t he living. ) There are similar expressions in meaning such as, He brings t he egg from t he chicken, and t he opposit e. Ot hers said t hat it means, He brings t he wicked offspring from t he right eous parent and t he opposit e, and t here are ot her possible meanings for t he Ayah. Allah said,

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ⇒⊥ムャ͡ク∠ ぴ (Such is Allah,) meaning, He Who does all t his, is Allah, t he One and Only wit hout part ners,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムプ∠ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヴｚルほ∠プ∠ ぴ (t hen how are you deluded away from t he t rut h) meaning, look how you are deluded from Trut h t o t he falsehood of worshipping ot hers besides Allah. Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔レ∠ムシ ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゥ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇タΗ ͡ やペ ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠プぴ

((He is t he) Cleaver of t he daybreak. He has appoint ed t he night for rest ing,) means, He is t he Creat or of light and darkness. Allah said in t he beginning of t he Surah,

びケ∠ ヲぁレャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And originat ed t he darkness and t he light .) Indeed, Allah causes t he darkness of t he night t o disappear and brings fort h t he day, t hus bringing bright eness t o t he world and light t o t he horizon, while dissipat ing darkness and ending t he night wit h it s dept h of darkness and st art ing t he day wit h it s bright ness and light . Allah said,

びゅ⇔んΒ͡んェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ヤ⊥∇トΑ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ヴ͡ゼ∇ピΑ⊥ ぴ (He brings t he night as a cover over t he day, seeking it rapidly.) 7:54 In t his Ayah, Allah reminds of His abilit y t o creat e diversified t hings in opposit es, t est ifying t o His perfect great ness and supreme power. Allah st at es t hat He is t he Cleaver of t he daybreak and ment ioned it s opposit e, when He said,

びゅ⇔レ∠ムシ ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (He has appoint ed t he night for rest ing,) meaning, creat ed darkness, in order for t he creat ion t o become halt and rest during it . Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

び ヴ∠イシ ∠ や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱ - ヴ∠エツ ぁ ャや∠ヱぴ (By t he forenoon. And by t he night when it is st ill.) 93:1-2 ,

び ヴｚヤイ ∠ ゎ∠ や∠クま͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ - ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱぴ (By t he night as it envelops. And by t he day as it appears in bright ness.) 92:1,2 and,

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒ｚヤィ ∠ や∠クま͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (And by t he day as it shows up (t he sun's) bright ness. And by t he night as it conceals it .) 91:34 Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔ルゅ∠ら∇ジェ ⊥ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (...And t he sun and t he moon for reckoning.) means, t he sun and t he moon have specific orbit s, according t o a t erm appoint ed wit h magnificent precision t hat never changes or alt ers. Bot h

t he sun and t he moon have dist inct posit ions t hat t hey assume in summer and wint er, effect ing changes in t he lengt h of night and day. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢⇔ べ∠Βッ ͡ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ びメ ∠ コ͡ ゅ∠レョ∠ ロ⊥ ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ (It is He Who made t he sun a shining t hing and t he Moon as a light and measured out st ages for it .) 10:5 ,

モ ⊥ ∇Βｚャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ャや ポ ∠ ケ͡ ∇ギゎ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ヰャ∠ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや Ι ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エら∠ ∇ジΑ∠ マ ∃ ヤ∠プ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ペ ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠シ (It is not for t he sun t o overt ake t he moon, nor does t he night out st rip t he day. They all float , each in an orbit .) 36:40 , And,

びロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ れ ∃ ゲ∠ ガ ｚジ ∠ ョ⊥ ュ∠ ヲ⊥イレぁ ャや∠ヱ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (The sun and t he moon; and t he st ars are subj ect ed by His command.) st at ement ,

16:12

Allah's

びユ͡ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Α͡ギ∇ボゎ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (Such is t he measuring of t he Almight y, t he All-Knowing.) means, all of t his occurs according t o t he decree and due measurement of t he Almight y Who is never resist ed or cont radict ed. He is t he Knower of all t hings and not hing ever escapes His knowledge, not even t he weight of an at om on eart h or in heavens. Allah oft en ment ions t he creat ion of t he night , t he day, t he sun and t he moon and t hen ends His Speech by ment ioning His at t ribut es of power and knowledge, as in t his Ayah above 6:96 , and in His st at ement ,

ユ⊥ワ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ オ ⊥ ヤ∠∇ジル∠ モ ⊥ ∇Βｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚャ ∀る∠Αや∠￢∠ヱぴ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ⇒∠ヰャｚ ゲｙ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ャ͡ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌョぁ び ユ͡ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Α͡ギ∇ボゎ∠ (And a sign for t hem is t he night , We wit hdraw t herefrom t he day, and behold, t hey are in darkness. And t he sun runs on it s fixed course for a t erm. That is t he decree of t he Almight y,

t he All-Knowing.) 36:37-38 In t he beginning of Surat Ha-Mim As-Saj dah, aft er ment ioning t he creat ion of t he heavens and eart h and all t hat is in t hem, Allah said:

ゲ⊥ Α͡ギ∇ボゎ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ⇔ヌ∇ヘェ ͡ ヱ∠ ウ ∠ Β͡ら⇒∠ダヨ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅｚレΑｚ コ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びユ͡ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや (And We adorned t he nearest (lowest ) heaven wit h lamps (st ars) t o be an adornment as well as t o guard. Such is t he decree of Him, t he Almight y, t he All-Knower.) 41:12 Allah said next ,

ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰわ∠ ャ͡ ∠ュヲ⊥イレぁ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ (It is He Who has set t he st ars for you, so t hat you may guide your course wit h t heir help t hrough t he darkness of t he land and t he sea.) Some of t he Salaf said; Whoever believes in ot her t han t hree t hings about t hese st ars, t hen he has made a mist ake, and lied against Allah. Indeed Allah made t hem as decorat ions for t he heavens, and t o shoot at t he Shayat in, and for direct ions in t he dark recesses of t he land and sea. Then, Allah said,

びろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΓや ゅ∠レ∇ヤダ ｚ プ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (We have explained in det ail Our Ayat .) meaning, We made t hem clear and plain,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ぴ (for people who know. ) who have sound minds and are able t o recognize t he t rut h and avoid falsehood.

ゲｘ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ プ∠ り∃ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘルｚ リあョ ユ⊥ミほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ や ゅ∠レ∇ヤダ ｚ プ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ネ ∀ キ∠ ∇ヲわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カほ∠プ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガぁル や⇔ゲ͡ツカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カほ∠プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ れ ∠ ゅ∠らル∠

る∀ Β∠ ル͡ や∠キ ラ ∀ ヲ∠ ∇レホ͡ ゅ∠ヰバ͡ ∇ヤデ ∠ リ͡ョ モ ͡ ∇ガレｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ら͡ミや∠ゲわ∠ ョぁ ゅ⇔ら∂ ェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ͡らわ∠ ∇ゼョ⊥ ∠ラゅｚョゲぁ ャや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わ∇Αゴｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ ∃ ⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠ ∇リョあ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ バ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇をぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ を∠ ヴ͡ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルや ヮ∃ ら͡ ⇒∠ゼわ∠ ョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ (98. It is He Who has creat ed you from a single person, and has given you a place of residing and a place of st orage. Indeed, We have explained in det ail Our revelat ions for people who underst and.) (99. It is He Who sends down wat er from t he sky, and wit h it We bring fort h veget at ion of all kinds, and out of it We bring fort h green st alks, from which We bring fort h t hick clust ered grain. And out of t he dat e-palm and it s sprout s come fort h clust ers of dat es hanging low and near, and gardens of grapes, olives and pomegranat es, each similar, yet different . Look at t heir fruit s when t hey begin t o bear, and Yan` ih. Verily! In t hese t hings t here are signs for people who believe.) Allah said,

びり∃ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘルｚ リあョ ユ⊥ミほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (It is He Who has creat ed you from a single person,) 6:98 in reference t o Adam, peace be upon him. In anot her Ayah, Allah said;

ザ ∃ ∇ヘルｚ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚよケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ィケ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゑ ｚ よ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ィ∇ヱ∠コ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ び￢⇔ べ∠ジル͡ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ (O mankind! Have Taqwa of your Lord, Who creat ed you from a single person, and from him He creat ed his mat e, and from t hem bot h He creat ed many men and women.) 4:1 Allah said,

びネ ∀ キ∠ ∇ヲわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲｘ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (Must aqar and Must awda` ) Ibn Mas` ud, Ibn ` Abbas, Abu ` Abdur-Rahman As-Sulami, Qays bin Abu Hazim, Muj ahid, ` At a', Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah, As-Suddi and ` At a' AlKhurasani and ot hers said t hat ,

びゲｘ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ プ∠ ぴ

(Must aqar), ` in t he wombs'. They, or most of t hem, also said t hat ,

びネ ∀ キ∠ ∇ヲわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Must awda` ,) means, ` in your fat her's loins'. Ibn Mas` ud and several ot hers said t hat , Must aqar, means residence in t his life, while, Must awda` , means t he place of st orage aft er deat h (t he grave). Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ や ゅ∠レ∇ヤダ ｚ プ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Indeed, We have explained in det ail Our revelat ions for people who underst and.) refers t o t hose who comprehend and underst and Allah's Words and it s meanings. Allah said next ,

び￢⇔ べ∠ョ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (It is He Who sends down wat er (rain) from t he sky) in due measure, as a blessing and provision for t he servant s, relief and means of survival for t he creat ures and mercy from Allah for His creat ion. Allah's st at ement ,

び￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ れ ∠ ゅ∠らル∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カほ∠プ∠ ぴ (And wit h it We bring fort h veget at ion of all kinds,) is similar t o,

びヴ ｙェ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ￢͡ べ∠ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have made from wat er every living t hing.) 21:30

びや⇔ゲ͡ツカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カほ∠プ∠ ぴ (and out of it We bring fort h green st alks,) green produce and t rees, on which We grow seeds and fruit s.

びゅ⇔ら͡ミや∠ゲわ∠ ョぁ ゅ⇔ら∂ ェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガぁルぴ (from which We bring fort h t hick clust ered grain.) lined on t op of each ot her in clust ers, like an ear or spike of grain.

びラ ∀ ヲ∠ ∇レホ͡ ゅ∠ヰバ͡ ∇ヤデ ∠ リ͡ョ モ ͡ ∇ガレｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And out of t he dat e-palm and it s sprout s come fort h clust ers) of dat es

びる∀ Β∠ ル͡ や∠キぴ (hanging low) Wit hin reach and easy t o pick. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah Al-Walibi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

びる∀ Β∠ ル͡ や∠キ ラ ∀ ヲ∠ ∇レホ͡ ぴ (clust ers hanging low) refers t o short dat e t rees whose branches hang low, close t o t he ground. This was recorded by Ibn Jarir. Allah's st at ement

びょ ∃ ⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠ ∇リョあ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and gardens of grapes,) means, We bring fort h gardens of grapes. Grapes and dat es are t he most precious fruit s t o t he people of Al-Hij az (West ern Arabia), and perhaps bot h are t he best fruit s in t his world. Allah has reminded His servant s of His favor in making t hese t wo fruit s for t hem, when He said,

ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚゎ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠レ∇ハΙ ｘ や∠ヱ モ ͡ Β͡ガレｚ ャや れ ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ を∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔レジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲム∠ シ ∠ (And from t he fruit s of dat e-palms and grapes, you derive st rong drink and a goodly provision.) 16:67 before int oxicat ing drinks were prohibit ed, and;

びょ ∃ ⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ∃ Β͡ガルｚ リあョ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have made t herein gardens of dat e-palms and grapes.) 36:34 . Allah said,

びヮ∃ ら͡ ⇒∠ゼわ∠ ョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ͡らわ∠ ∇ゼョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅｚョゲぁ ャや∠ヱ ∠ラヲ⊥わ∇Αゴｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (olives and pomegranat es, each similar yet different .) The leaves are similar in shape and appearence, yet different in t he shape, and t ast e. And t he kind of fruit each plant produces is different , according t o t he explanat ion of Qat adah and several ot hers. Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ バ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇をぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ を∠ ヴ͡ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルやぴ (Look at t heir fruit s when t hey begin t o bear, and Yan` ih.) means, when t he fruit s become ripe, according t o Al-Bara' bin ` Azib, Ibn ` Abbas, Ad-Dahhak, ` At a' Al-Khurasani, As-Suddi, Qat adah and ot hers. This Ayah means, cont emplat e t he abilit y of t he Creat or of t hese fruit s, Who brought t hem int o exist ence aft er t hey were dry wood, and t hey lat er became grapes and dat es; and similar is t he case wit h t he various colors, shapes, t ast es and fragrance of what ever Allah creat ed. Allah said,

∇リョあ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ∠ヱ れ ∀ ケ∠ ヲ͡ ⇒∠イわ∠ ョぁ ノ∀ ト ∠ ホ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∃ ヲ∠ ∇レタ ͡ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∀ ヲ∠ ∇レタ ͡ ∀モΒ͡ガ∠ル∠ヱ ネ ∀ ∇ケコ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅヰ∠ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ モ ⊥ あツヘ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ギ∃ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ￢∃ べ∠ヨよ͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ジΑ⊥ びモ ͡ ミ⊥ Ι ｙや (And in t he eart h are neighbouring t ract s, and gardens of vines, and green crops, and dat epalms, growing out , t wo or t hree from a single st em root , or ot herwise, wat ered wit h t he same wat er, yet some of t hem We make bet t er t han ot hers t o eat .) 13:4 This is why Allah said here,

び∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (In t hese t hings t here are...) O people,

びろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΙ ∂ぴ (signs...) and proofs t hat t est ify t o t he perfect abilit y, wisdom and mercy of He Who creat ed t hese t hings,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあぴ (for people who believe. ) in Allah and obey His Messengers.

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲ∠ カ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ｚイ ͡ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ⇒∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ れ ∃ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レよ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ Α∠ (100. Yet , t hey j oin t he Jinns as part ners in worship wit h Allah, t hough He has creat ed t hem, and t hey at t ribut e, falsely wit hout knowledge - sons and daught ers t o Him. Be He Glorified and Exalt ed above what t hat t hey at t ribut e t o Him.)

Rebuking the Idolators This Ayah refut es t he idolat ors who worshipped ot hers besides Allah and associat ed t he Jinns wit h Him in worship. Glory be t o Allah above t his Shirk and Kufr. If someone asks, how did t he idolat ors worship t he Jinns, alt hough t hey only were idol worshippers The answer is t hat in fact , t hey worshipped t he idols by obeying t he Jinns who commanded t hem t o do so. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ⇔ん⇒∠ルま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ラ͡まぴ ∇リョ͡ ラ ｚ グ∠ ガ ͡ ゎｚ Ι ∂ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ャｚ - や⇔ギΑ͡ゲョｚ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Β∠ レあ ョ∠ Ε ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ヤｚ͡ッΕ∠ヱ - ゅ⇔ッヱ⊥ゲ∇ヘョｚ ゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ ポ ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ｚルゲ∠ ョ⊥ ∂Ιヱ∠ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘや ラ ∠ や∠クや∠￢ リ ｚ ム⊥ わあ ら∠ Β⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ｚルゲ∠ ョ⊥ ∂Ιヱ∠ リあョ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや グ͡ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ペ ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ラ ｚ ゲ⊥ Βあ ピ∠ Β⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ - ゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁ ゅ⇔ルや∠ゲ∇ジカ ⊥ ゲ∠ ジ ͡カ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ び や⇔ケヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Βあレヨ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ (They invoke not hing but female deit ies besides Him, and t hey invoke not hing but Shayt an, a persist ent rebel! Allah cursed him. And he Shayt an said: "I will t ake an appoint ed port ion of your servant s. Verily, I will mislead t hem, and surely, I will arouse in t hem false desires; and cert ainly, I will order t hem t o slit t he ears of cat t le, and indeed I will order t hem t o change t he nat ure creat ed by Allah.'' And whoever t akes Shayt an as a prot ect or inst ead of Allah, has surely suffered a manifest loss. He Shayt an makes promises t o t hem, and arouses in t hem false desires; and Shayt an's promises are not hing but decept ions. ) 4:117-120 and,

びヴ͡ルヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ｚΑあケク⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ わ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Will you t hen t ake him (Iblis) and his offspring as prot ect ors and helpers rat her t han Me) 18:50 Ibrahim said t o his fat her,

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ ∠ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ギ͡ ら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Αぴ び ゅ⇔Β∂ ダ ͡ ハ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ ("O my fat her! Worship not Shayt an. Verily! Shayt an has been a rebel against t he Most Beneficent (Allah).'') 19:44 Allah said,

リ ∠ ⇒∠トΒｚゼャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺ ュ∠ キ∠ や∠￢ ヴ͡レら∠ Α ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ヅ ∀ ゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ び ∀ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ (Did I not ordain for you, O Children of Adam, t hat you should not worship Shayt an. Verily, he is a plain enemy t o you. And t hat you should worship Me. That is a st raight pat h.) 36:60-61 On t he Day of Resurrect ion, t he angels will proclaim,

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇モよ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レΒぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ユ⊥ワゲ⊥ ん∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚイ ͡ ∇ャや (Glorified be You! You are our Prot ect or inst ead of t hem. Nay, but t hey used t o worship t he Jinn; most of t hem were believers in t hem.) 34:41 This is why Allah said here,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ｚイ ͡ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Yet , t hey j oin t he Jinns as part ners in worship wit h Allah, t hough He has creat ed t hem.) 6:100 , Alone wit hout part ners. Consequent ly, how is it t hat anot her deit y is being worshipped along wit h Him As Ibrahim said,

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わエ ͡ ∇レゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ("Worship you t hat which you (yourselves) carve While Allah has creat ed you and what you make!'') 37:95-96 Allah alone is t he Creat or wit hout part ners. Therefore, He Alone deserves t o be worshipped wit hout part ners. Allah said next ,

びユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ れ ∃ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レよ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲ∠ カ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey Kharaqu (at t ribut e falsely) wit hout knowledge, sons and daught ers t o Him.) Allah ment ions t he misguidance of t hose who were led ast ray and claimed a son or offspring for Him, as t he Jews did wit h ` Uzayr, t he Christ ians wit h ` Isa and t he Arab pagans wit h t he angels whom t hey claimed were Allah's daught ers. Allah is far holier t han what t he unj ust , polyt heist people associat e wit h Him. The word, Kharaqu, means ` falsely at t ribut ed, invent ed, claimed and lied', according t o t he scholars of t he Salaf. Allah's st at ement next ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ Α∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ⇒∠バ∠ゎ∠ヱ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ (Be He Glorified and Exalt ed above (all) t hat t hey at t ribut e t o Him.) means, He is holier t han, hallowed, and Exalt ed above t he sons, rivals, equals and part ners t hat t hese ignorant , misled people at t ribut e t o Him.

∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ノ⊥ Α͡ギよ∠ ぴ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ る∀ ら∠ エ ͡ ⇒∠タ ヮ⊥ ャｚ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ (101. He is t he Badi` (Originat or) of t he heavens and t he eart h. How can He have children when He has no wife He creat ed all t hings and He is t he All-Knower of everyt hing.)

Meaning of Badi` (He is t he Badi` of t he heavens and t he eart h) Meaning He originat ed, creat ed, invent ed and brought t hem int o exist ence wit hout precedence, as Muj ahid and As-Suddi said. This is why t he word for innovat ion - Bid` ah - comes from it , because it is somet hing t hat did not have a precedence.

びる∀ ら∠ エ ͡ ⇒∠タ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ぴ

(How can He have children when He has no wife) for t he child is t he offspring of t wo compat ible spouses. Allah does not have an equal, none of His creat ures are similar t o Him, for He alone creat ed t he ent ire creat ion. Allah said;

び や⇔キ∂ ま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ - や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey say: "The Most Beneficent (Allah) has begot t en a son.'' Indeed you have brought fort h (said) a t errible evil t hing.) 19:88-89 , unt il,

び や⇔キ∇ゲプ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ͡ヮΒ͡ゎや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And everyone of t hem will come t o Him alone on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) 19:95 .

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (He creat ed all t hings and He is t he All-Knower of everyt hing.) He has creat ed everyt hing and He is All-Knower of all t hings. How can He have a wife from His creat ion who is suit able for His maj est y, when t here is none like Him How can He have a child t hen Verily, Allah is Glorified above having a son.

￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ペ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡クぴ ヮ⊥ ミ⊥ ケ͡ ∇ギゎ⊥ Ι ｚ - ∀モΒ͡ミヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ブ ⊥ Β͡トヤｚャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘや ポ ⊥ ケ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘや び ゲ⊥ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや (102. Such is Allah, your Lord! None has t he right t o be worshipped but He, t he Creat or of all t hings. So worship Him (alone), and He is t he Guardian over all t hings.) (103. No vision can grasp Him, but His grasp is over all vision. He is t he Most Subt le, Well-Acquaint ed (wit h all t hings).)

Allah is Your Lord Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ ⇒ぁよケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ⇒⊥ムャ͡ク∠ ぴ (Such is Allah, your Lord!) Who creat ed everyt hing and has neit her a son nor a wife,

びロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ペ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ιぴ (None has t he right t o be worshipped but He, t he Creat or of all t hings. So worship Him,) Alone wit hout part ners, and at t est t o His Oneness, affirming t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Him. Allah has neit her descendant s, nor acsendant s, wife, equal or rival,

び∀モΒ͡ミヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ モ あ ミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He is t he Guardian over all t hings.) meaning, Trust ee, Wat cher and Disposer of affairs for all t hings in exist ence, giving t hem provisions and prot ect ion by day and night . Seeing Allah in t he Hereaft er Allah said,

びゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や ヮ⊥ ミ⊥ ケ͡ ∇ギゎ⊥ Ι ｚぴ (No vision can grasp Him) in t his life. The vision will be able t o look at Allah in t he Hereaft er, as affirmed and at t est ed t o by t he numerous Hadit hs from t he Prophet t hrough aut hent ic chains of narrat ion in t he collect ions of t he Sahihs, Musnad and Sunan collect ions. As for t his life, Masruq narrat ed t hat ` A'ishah said, "Whoever claims t hat Muhammad has seen his Lord, will have ut t ered a lie against Allah, for Allah t he Most Honored, says,

びゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘやポ ⊥ ケ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や ヮ⊥ ミ⊥ ケ͡ ∇ギゎ⊥ Ι ｚぴ (No vision can grasp Him, but His grasp is over all vision.)'' In t he Sahih (Muslim) it is recorded t hat Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari narrat ed from t he Prophet ,

ヂ ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ガΑ∠ ∩∠ュゅ∠レΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヶ͡ピら∠ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ノ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ∩⊥ヮバ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ テ ∠ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ケ⊥ ヲぁレャや ヮ⊥ よ⊥ ゅ∠イェ ͡ ∩͡ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャや モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡モ∇Βヤｚャや ヴ∠ヰわ∠ ∇ルや ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ れ ⊥ ゅ∠エら⊥ シ ∠ ∇ろホ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ェほ∠ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヘ∠ ゼ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや «ヮ͡ボ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ ∠ よ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ (Verily, Allah does not sleep and it does not befit His maj est y t hat He should sleep. He lowers t he scale (of everyt hing) and raises it . The deeds of t he day are ascended t o Him before t he night , and t he deeds of t he night before t he day. His Veil is t he Light -- or Fire -- and if He removes it (t he veil), t he Light of His Face will burn every creat ed t hing t hat His sight reaches.) In t he previous revealed Books t here is t his st at ement , "When Musa request ed t o see Him,

Allah said t o Musa: ` O Musa! Verily, no living t hing sees Me, but it dies and no dried t hings sees me, but it rolls up.' '' Allah said,

ヴ∠シヲョ ゲｚ カ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ６ミキ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ モ ͡ ら∠ イ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヴｚヤイ ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇らゎ⊥ マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ベ ∠ ゅ∠プぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ボバ͡ タ ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや (So when his Lord appeared t o t he mount ain, He made it collapse t o dust , and Musa fell down unconscious. Then when he recovered his senses he said: "Glory be t o You, I t urn t o You in repent ance and I am t he first of t he believers.'') 7:143 . These Ayat , Hadit hs and st at ement s do not negat e t he fact t hat Allah will be seen on t he Day of Resurrect ion by His believing servant s, in t he manner t hat He decides, all t he while preserving His might and grace as t hey are. The Mot her of t he Fait hful, ` A'ishah, used t o affirm t hat Allah will be seen in t he Hereaft er, but denied t hat it could occur in t his life, ment ioning t his Ayah as evidence,

びゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘやポ ⊥ ケ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や ヮ⊥ ミ⊥ ケ͡ ∇ギゎ⊥ Ι ｚぴ (No vision can grasp Him, but His grasp is over all vision.) Her denial was a denial of t he abilit y t o encompass Him, meaning t o perfect ly see His grace and magnificance as He is, for t hat is not possible for any human, angel or anyt hing creat ed. Allah's st at ement ,

びゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘやポ ⊥ ケ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (but His grasp is over all vision.) means, He encompasses all vision and He has full knowledge of t hem, for He creat ed t hem all. In anot her Ayah, Allah said;

び ゲ⊥ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ブ ⊥ Β͡トヤｚャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Should not He Who has creat ed know And He is t he Most Subt le, Well Acquaint ed (wit h all t hings).) 67:14 It is also possible t hat ` all vision' refers t o t hose who have t he vision. As-Suddi said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘやポ ⊥ ケ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や ヮ⊥ ミ⊥ ケ͡ ∇ギゎ⊥ Ι ｚぴ (No vision can grasp Him, but His grasp is over all vision.) means, "Not hing sees Him (in t his life), but He sees all creat ion.'' Abu Al-` Aliyah said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びゲ⊥ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ブ ⊥ Β͡トヤｚャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (He is t he Most Subt le, Well-Acquaint ed (wit h all t hings).) means, "He is t he Most Subt le, bringing fort h all t hings, Well-Acquaint ed wit h t heir posit ion and place.'' Allah knows best . In anot her Ayah, Allah ment ions Luqman's advice t o his son,

ヴ͡プ ∇リム⊥ わ∠ プ∠ メ ∃ キ∠ ∇ゲカ ∠ ∇リョあ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ マ ⊥ ゎ∠ ラ͡ま べ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ ｚヴレ∠ ら⊥ Αぴ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ヱぺ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ヱぺ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ ∇ガタ ∠ び ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∀ブΒ͡ト∠ャ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (O my son! If it be (anyt hing) equal t o t he weight of grain of must ard seed, and t hough it be in a rock, or in t he heavens or in t he eart h, Allah will bring it fort h. Verily, Allah is Most Subt le, Well Acquaint ed) 31:16

ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ も͡ べ∠ダよ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ - ナ ∃ Β͡ヘエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ヴ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ レ∠ Βあ ら∠ レ⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇シケ∠ キ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘや フ ⊥ あゲダ ∠ ル⊥ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α (104. Verily, Basa'ir (proofs) have come t o you from your Lord, so whosoever sees, will do so for (t he good of) himself, and whosoever blinds himself, will do so against himself, and I am not a Hafiz over you.) (105. Thus We explain variously t he verses so t hat t hey (t he disbelievers) may say: "You have Darast a (st udied)'' and t hat We may make t he mat t er clear for t he people who have knowledge.)

The Meaning of Basa'ir Basa'ir are t he proofs and evidences in t he Qur'an and t he Message of Allah's Messenger . The Ayah,

びヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so whosoever sees, will do so for (t he good of) himself.) is similar t o,

ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ン͡ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ン∠ギわ∠ ∇ワや リ ⊥ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ぁツ ͡ Α∠ (So whosoever receives guidance, he does so for t he good of himself, and whosoever goes ast ray, he does so at his own loss.) 10:108 Aft er Allah ment ioned t he Basa'ir, He said,

びゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ヴ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever blinds himself, will do so against himself,) meaning, he will only harm himself. Allah said,

ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヨ∇バゎ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヨ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ͡み∠プぴ びケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ヴ͡わャｚや (Verily, it is not t he eyes t hat grow blind, but it is t he heart s which are in t he breast s t hat grow blind.) 22:46

びナ ∃ Β͡ヘエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And I (Muhammad) am not a Hafiz over you. ) neit her responsible, nor a wat cher over you. Rat her, I only convey, Allah guides whom He wills and misguides whom He wills. Allah said,

びろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘやフ ⊥ あゲダ ∠ ル⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (Thus We explain variously t he verses...) 6:105 , meaning, j ust as We explained t he Ayat in t his Surah, such as explaining Tawhid and t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah. This is how We explain t he Ayat and make t hem plain and clear in all circumst ances, t o suffice t he ignorance of t he ignorant ; and so t hat t he idolat ors and disbelievers who deny you say, ` O Muhammad! You have Darast a wit h t hose who were before you from among t he People of t he Book and learned wit h t hem'. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr and Ad-Dahhak said similarly. At -Tabarani narrat ed t hat ` Amr bin Kaysan said t hat he heard Ibn ` Abbas saying, "Darast a, means, ` recit ed, argued and debat ed.''' This is similar t o Allah's st at ement about t he denial and rebellion of t he disbelievers, e

ロ⊥ や∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや ∀マ∇プ͡ま Ι ｚ ま͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ やヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠ハぺ∠ヱ∠

ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰら∠ わ∠ わ∠ ∇ミや ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ - や⇔ケヱ⊥コヱ∠ びΚ ⇔ Β͡タぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇ヨゎ⊥ (Those who disbelieve say, "This (t he Qur'an) is not hing but a lie t hat he has invent ed, and ot hers have helped him at it , so t hat t hey have produced an unj ust wrong (t hing) and a lie.'' And t hey say, "Tales of t he ancient s, which he has writ t en down, and t hey are dict at ed t o him morning and aft ernoon.'') 25:4-5 Allah described t he chief liar of t he disbelievers Al-Walid bin Al-Mughirah Al-Makhzumi ,

ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ モ ∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ ｚユを⊥ - ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ モ ∠ わ͡ ボ⊥ プ∠ - ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ムｚ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ ゲ∠ よ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ゲ∠ ジ ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ ザ ∠ ら∠ ハ ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ ル∠ ｚユを⊥ - ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ∇ラま͡ - ゲ⊥ を∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ - ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ び ゲ͡ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ (Verily, he t hought and plot t ed. So let him be cursed! How he plot t ed! And once more let him be cursed, how he plot t ed! Then he t hought . Then he frowned and he looked in a bad t empered way. Then he t urned back and was proud. Then he said, "This is not hing but magic from t hat of old. This is not hing but t he word of a human being!'') 74:18-25 Allah said next ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ レ∠ Βあ ら∠ レ⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat We may make t he mat t er clear for t he people who have knowledge.) The Ayah means, so t hat We explain t he mat t er t o a people who know t rut h, and t hus follow it , and know falsehood, and t hus avoid it . Allah's wisdom is perfect , He allows t he disbelievers t o st ray, and He guides t he people who have knowledge. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

びや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヵ͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ぁモツ ͡ Α⊥ ぴ (By it He misleads many, and many He guides t hereby.) 2:26 , and;

ユ͡ヰよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ヴ͡ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΒ∠ ャあぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ る͡ Β∠ シ ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや∠ヱ ∀チ∠ゲョｚ

(That He (Allah) may make what is t hrown in by Shayt an a t rial for t hose in whose heart s is a disease and whose heart s are hardened. ) 22:53 and,

びユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ͡キゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, Allah is t he Guide of t hose who believe, t o t he st raight pat h.) 22:54 ,

ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ る⇔ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ べ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ボ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ギｚ ハ ͡ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キ∠ や∠キ∇ゴΑ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ へ∠クゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや∠ヱ ∀チ∠ゲョｚ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ぁモツ ͡ Α⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ びヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ キ∠ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (And We have set none but angels as guardians of t he Fire, and We have fixed t heir number only as a t rial for t he disbelievers, in order t hat t he People of t he Script ure may arrive at a cert aint y and t he believers may increase in fait h, and t hat no doubt s may be left for t he People of t he Script ure and t he believers, and t hat t hose in whose heart s is a disease (of hypocrisy) and t he disbelievers may say, "What does Allah int end by t his example'' Thus Allah leads ast ray whom He wills and guides whom He wills. And none can know t he host s of your Lord but He.) 74:31 , and;

る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケゅ∠ジカ ∠ Ι ｚ ま∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ (And We send down in t he Qur'an t hat which is a healing and a mercy t o t he believers, and it increases t he wrongdoers in not hing but loss.) 17:82 , and,

Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ∠ヱ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヴ⇔ヨハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇ホ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ や∠クや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ びギ∃ Β͡バよ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョｚ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヱキ∠ ゅ∠レΑ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ (Say, "It is for t hose who believe, a guide and a healing. And as for t hose who disbelieve, t here is heaviness in t heir ears, and it is blindness for t hem. They are t hose who are called from a place far away.'') 41:44 There are similar Ayat t hat t est ify t hat Allah sent down t he Qur'an as guidance t o t hose who fear Him and t hat He guides or misguides whom He wills by t he Qur'an.

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ョ ∇ノら͡ ゎｚ やぴ べ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヌΒ͡ヘェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ びモ ∃ Β͡ミヲ∠ よ͡ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (106. Follow what has been inspired (revealed) t o you from your Lord, none has t he right t o be worshipped but He, and t urn aside from t he idolat ors.) (107. Had Allah willed, t hey would not have t aken ot hers besides Him in worship. And We have not made you Hafiz over t hem nor are you set over t hem t o dispose of t heir affairs.)

The Command to Follow the Revelation Allah commands His Messenger and t hose who followed his pat h,

びマ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ョ ∇ノら͡ ゎｚ やぴ (Follow what has been inspired t o you from your Lord,) meaning, follow it , obey it and act according t o it . What has been revealed t o you from your Lord is t he Trut h, no doubt , and t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Him,

びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and t urn aside from t he idolat ors) meaning, forgive t hem, be forbearing and endure t heir harm unt il Allah brings relief t o you, support s you and makes you t riumphant over t hem. Know

-- O Muhammad -- t hat t here is a wisdom behind misleading t he idolat ors, and t hat had Allah willed, He would have direct ed all people t o guidance,

び∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Had Allah willed, t hey would not have t aken ot hers besides Him in worship.) Allah's is t he perfect will and wisdom in all decrees and decisions, and He is never quest ioned about what He does, while t hey all will be quest ioned. Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔ヌΒ͡ヘェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We have not made you Hafiz over t hem.) means, a wat cher who observes t heir st at ement s and deeds,

びモ ∃ Β͡ミヲ∠ よ͡ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (Nor are you set over t hem t o dispose of t heir affairs. ) or t o cont rol t heir provision. Rat her, your only j ob is t o convey, j ust as Allah said,

び ゲ∃ ト ͡ ∇Βジ ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ジャｚ - ∀ゲミあ ∠グョ⊥ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ゲミあ グ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So remind t hem, you are only one who reminds. You are not a dict at or over t hem.) 88:21-22 and,

びゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プぴ (Your dut y is only t o convey and on Us is t he reckoning.) 13:40

∇やヲぁらジ ⊥ Β∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲぁらジ ⊥ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ハ ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ゅｚレΑｚ コ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ や⇔ヱ∇ギハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゃ⊥ あらレ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョｚ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ｚユを⊥ び

(108. And insult not t hose whom t hey worship besides Allah, lest t hey insult Allah wrongfully wit hout knowledge. Thus We have made fair seeming t o each people it s own doings; t hen t o t heir Lord is t heir ret urn and He shall inform t hem of all t hat t hey used t o do.)

The Prohibition of Insulting the False gods of the Disbelievers, So that they Do not Insult Allah Allah prohibit s His Messenger and t he believers from insult ing t he false deit ies of t he idolat ors, alt hough t here is a clear benefit in doing so. Insult ing t heir deit ies will lead t o a bigger evil t han it s benefit , for t he idolat ors might ret aliat e by insult ing t he God of t he believers, Allah, none has t he right t o be worshipped but He. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t his Ayah 6:108 ; "They (disbelievers) said, ` O Muhammad! You will st op insult ing our gods, or we will insult your Lord.' Thereaft er, Allah prohibit ed t he believers from insult ing t he disbelievers' idols,

びユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ や⇔ヱ∇ギハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲらぁ ジ ⊥ Β∠ プ∠ ぴ (lest t hey insult Allah wrongfully wit hout knowledge.)'' ` Abdur-Razzaq narrat ed t hat Ma` mar said t hat Qat adah said, "Muslims used t o insult t he idols of t he disbelievers and t he disbelievers would ret aliat e by insult ing Allah wrongfully wit hout knowledge. Allah revealed,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲぁらジ ⊥ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And insult not t hose whom t hey worship besides Allah.)'' On t his same subj ect -- abandoning what carries benefit t o avert a great er evil - it is recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ヮ∇Α∠ギ͡ャや∠ヱ ょ ｚ シ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∀ラヲ⊥バ∇ヤョ∠ » (Cursed is he who insult s his own parent s!) They said, "O Allah's Messenger! And how would a man insult his own parent s'' He said,

ょ ぁ ジ ⊥ Β∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚョぺ⊥ ょ ぁ ジ ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠よぺ∠ ぁょジ ⊥ Β∠ プ∠ モ ͡ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ゅ∠よ∠ぺ ぁょジ ⊥ Α∠ » «ヮｚョぺ⊥ (He insult s a man's fat her, and t hat man insult s his fat her, and insult s his mot her and t hat man insult s his mot her.) Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ハ ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ゅｚレΑｚ コ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ

(Thus We have made fair seeming t o each people it s own doings;) means, as We made fair seeming t o t he idolat ors loving t heir idols and defending t hem, likewise We made fair seeming t o every previous nat ion t he misguidance t hey indulged in. Allah's is t he most perfect proof, and t he most complet e wisdom in all t hat He wills and chooses.

び∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲｚョ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen t o t heir Lord is t heir ret urn,) gat hering and final dest inat ion,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゃ⊥ あらレ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ぴ (and He shall t hen inform t hem of all t hat t hey used t o do.) He will compensat e t hem for t heir deeds, good for good and evil for evil.

∀る∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ͡ゃャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ギ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ バ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ｚリレ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ ｚャ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ ょ ⊥ あヤボ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ べ∠ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ グ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ ヴ͡プ (109. And t hey swear t heir st rongest oat hs by Allah, t hat if t here came t o t hem a sign, t hey would surely believe t herein. Say: "Signs are but wit h Allah and what will make you perceive t hat (even) if it came, t hey will not believe'') (110. And We shall t urn t heir heart s and t heir eyes away, as t hey refused t o believe t herein for t he first t ime, and We shall leave t hem in t heir t respass t o wander blindly.)

Asking for Miracles and Swearing to Believe if They Come Allah st at es t hat t he idolat ors swore t heir st rongest oat hs by Allah,

び∀る∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ͡ゃャ∠ぴ (t hat if t here came t o t hem a sign...) a miracle or phenomenon,

びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ｚリレ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ ｚャぴ

(t hey would surely believe t herein.) affirming it s t rut h,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Signs are but wit h Allah.'') 6:109 meaning: Say, O Muhammad - t o t hose who ask you for signs out of defiance, disbelief and rebellion, not out of t he desire for guidance and knowledge - "The mat t er of sending signs is for Allah. If He wills, He sends t hem t o you, and if He wills, He ignores your request .'' Allah said next ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ べ∠ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ バ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And what will make you perceive t hat (even) if it came, t hey will not believe) It was said t hat ` you' in ` make you preceive' refers t o t he idolat ors, according t o Muj ahid. In t his case, t he Ayah would mean, what makes you -- you idolat ors -- preceive t hat you are t rut hful in t he vows t hat you swore Therefore, in t his recit at ion, t he Ayah means, t he idolat ors will st ill not believe if t he sign t hat t hey asked for came. It was also said t hat ` you' in, ` what will make you preceive', refers t o t he believers, meaning, what will make you preceive, O believers, t hat t he idolat ors will st ill not believe if t he signs come. Allah also said,

びマ ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ゲョ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ イ ⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ バ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ ("What prevent ed you (O Iblis) t hat you did not prost rat e, when I commanded you'') 7:12 and,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ べ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ュや∠ゲ∠ェ∠ヱぴ (And a ban is laid on every t own (populat ion) which We have dest royed t hat t hey shall not ret urn (t o t his world again).) 21:95 These Ayat mean: ` What made you, O Iblis, refrain from prost rat ing, alt hough I commanded you t o do so, and, in t he second Ayah, t hat village shall not ret urn t o t his world again. In t he Ayah above 6:109 , t he meaning t hus becomes: What makes you perceive, O believers, who wish eagerly for t he disbelievers t o believe, t hat if t he Ayat came t o t hem t hey would believe Allah said next ,

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ ょ ⊥ あヤボ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びり∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ (And We shall t urn t heir heart s and t heir eyes away, as t hey refused t o believe t herein for t he first t ime,) Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about t his Ayah, "When t he idolat ors rej ect ed what Allah sent down, t heir heart s did not set t le on any one t hing and t hey t urned away from every mat t er (of benefit ).'' Muj ahid said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ ょ ⊥ あヤボ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We shall t urn t heir heart s and t heir eyes away, ) means, We prevent t hem from t he fait h, and even if every sign came t o t hem, t hey will not believe, j ust as We prevent ed t hem from fait h t he first t ime. Similar was said by ` Ikrimah and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Allah ment ions what t he servant s will say before t hey say it and what t hey will do before t hey do it . Allah said;

びゲ∃ Β͡らカ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ マ ∠ ゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And none can inform you like Him Who is t he All-Knower.) 35:14 and,

ヴ͡プ ろ ⊥ デ ∠ ゲｚ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠ゎゲ∠ ∇ジエ ∠ Α ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ょ ͡ レ∠ィ (Lest a person should say, "Alas, my grief t hat I was undut iful t o Allah.'') 39:56 unt il,

びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミほ∠プ∠ り⇔ ゲｚ ⇒∠ミ ヴ͡ャ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ ("If only I had anot her chance, t hen I should indeed be among t he doers of good.'') 39:58 . So Allah, glory be t o Him, st at es t hat if t hey were sent back t o life, t hey would not accept t he guidance,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギ⇒∠バャ∠ ∇やヱぁキケ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (But if t hey were ret urned, t hey would cert ainly revert t o t hat which t hey were forbidden. And indeed t hey are liars.) 6:28 Allah said,

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ ょ ⊥ あヤボ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びり∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ (And We shall t urn t heir heart s and t heir eyes away (from guidance), as t hey refused t o believe t herein for t he first t ime,) meaning: ` If t hey were sent back t o t his life, t hey would be prevent ed from embracing t he guidance, j ust as We prevent ed t hem from it t he first t ime, when t hey were in t he life of t his world.'' Allah said,

び∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ グ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We shall leave t hem...) and abandon t hem,

び∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ ヶ͡プぴ (in t heir t respass...) meaning, disbelief, according t o Ibn ` Abbas and As-Suddi. Abu Al-` Aliyah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and Qat adah said t hat ` t heir t respass' means, ` t heir misguidance'. m

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ぴ (t o wander blindly) or playfully, according t o Al-A` mash. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Abu Al-` Aliyah, Ar-Rabi` , Abu Malik and ot hers comment ed, "t o wander in t heir disbelief.''

ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚミ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ∠ル ゅ∠レルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヲル⊥ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ ら⊥ ホ⊥ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲ∠ゼ∠ェ∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヰ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ (111. And even if We had sent down unt o t hem angels, and t he dead had spoken unt o t hem, and We had gat hered t oget her all t hings before t hem, t hey would not have believed, unless Allah willed, but most of t hem behave ignorant ly.) Allah says: ` Had We accept ed what t he disbelievers asked for,' t hat is -- t hose who swore t heir st rongest oat hs by Allah t hat if a miracle came t o t hem t hey would believe in it -- ` had We sent down angels, ' t o convey t o t hem Allah's Message, in order t o support t he t rut h of t he Messengers, as t hey asked, when t hey said,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡らホ∠ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or you bring Allah and t he angels before (us) face t o face.) 17:92

モ ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽル⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや (They said: "We shall not believe unt il we receive t he like of t hat which t he Messengers of Allah had received.'') 6:124 and,

ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや ギ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ン∠ゲル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや び や⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ や⇔∂ヲわ⊥ ハ ⊥ や∇ヲ∠わ∠ハ∠ヱ (And t hose who expect not a meet ing wit h Us said: "Why are not t he angels sent down t o us, or why do we not see our Lord" Indeed t hey t hink t oo highly of t hemselves, and are scornful wit h great pride.) 25:21 Allah said,

びヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t he dead had spoken unt o t hem,) This is, t o inform t hem of t he t rut h of what t he Messengers brought t hem;

びΚ ⇔ ら⊥ ホ⊥ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲ∠ゼ∠ェ∠ヱぴ (and We had gat hered t oget her all t hings before t hem,) before t heir eyes, as ` Ali bin Abi Talhah and Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas. This is t he view of Qat adah and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam. This Ayah means, if all nat ions were gat hered before t hem, one aft er t he ot her, and each one t est ifies t o t he t rut h of what t he Messengers came wit h,

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョぴ (t hey would not have believed, unless Allah willed,) for guidance is wit h Allah not wit h t hem. Cert ainly, Allah guides whom He wills and misguides whom He wills, and He does what He wills,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ メ ⊥ ほ∠∇ジΑ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (He cannot be quest ioned about what He does, while t hey will be quest ioned.) 21:23 , This is due t o His knowledge, wisdom, power, supreme aut horit y and irresist ibilit y. Similarly, Allah said,

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ユ∠ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る∃ Α∠ や￢ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠

(Truly, t hose, against whom t he Word (wrat h) of your Lord has been j ust ified, will not believe. Even if every sign should come t o t hem, unt il t hey see t he painful t orment .) 10:96-97

ザ ͡ ∇ルΗ ͡や リ ∠ Β͡ト⇒∠Βセ ∠ や⇔ヱ∂ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヴ ｙ ら͡ ル͡ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや フ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇カコ⊥ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥Α リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ケヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや り⊥ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ピ∇ダわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ わ∠ ∇ボョぁ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ͡ わ∠ ∇ボΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ヲッ ∠ ∇ゲΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ (112. And so We have appoint ed for every Prophet enemies -- Shayat in among mankind and Jinn, inspiring one anot her wit h adorned speech as a delusion. If your Lord had so willed, t hey would not have done it ; so leave t hem alone wit h t heir fabricat ions.) (113. And Tasgha t o it t hat t he heart s of t hose who do not believe in t he Hereaft er may incline t o such (deceit ), and t hat t hey may remain pleased wit h it , and t hat t hey may commit what t hey are commit t ing.)

Every Prophet Has Enemies Allah says, j ust as We made enemies for you, O Muhammad, who will oppose and rebel against you and become your adversaries, We also made enemies for every Prophet who came before you. Therefore, do not be saddened by t his fact . Allah said in ot her Ayat :

ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ダ ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ∀モシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ろよ∠ グあ ミ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∇やヱ⊥クヱ⊥ぺヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よグあ ミ⊥ (Verily, Messengers were denied before you, but wit h pat ience t hey bore t he denial, and t hey were hurt ...) 6:34 , and,

ラ ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ モ ͡シ ⊥ ゲぁ ヤ͡ャ モ ∠ Β͡ホ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ゅｚョぴ び ユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠ボハ ͡ ヱ⊥クヱ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヱ⊥グャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ (Not hing is said t o you except what was said t o t he Messengers before you. Verily, your Lord is t he Possessor of forgiveness, and (also) t he Possessor of painful punishment .) 41:43 and,

びリ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ヱ∂ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヴ ｙ ら͡ ル∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Thus have We made for every Prophet an enemy among t he criminals.) 25:31 . Waraqah bin Nawfal said t o Allah's Messenger , "None came wit h what you came wit h but he was t he subj ect of enmit y.'' Allah's st at ement ,

びザ ͡ ∇ルΗ ͡ やリ ∠ Β͡ト⇒∠Βセ ∠ぴ (Shayat in among mankind...) refers t o,

びや６ヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ぴ (enemies. ..) meaning, t he Prophet s have enemies among t he devils of mankind and t he devils of t he Jinns. The word, Shayt an, describes one who is dissimilar t o his kind due t o his or her wickedness. Indeed, only t he Shayat in, may Allah humiliat e and curse t hem, from among mankind and t he Jinns oppose t he Messengers. ` Abdur-Razzaq said t hat Ma` mar narrat ed t hat Qat adah comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びリ あイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ͡ ∇ルΗ ͡ やリ ∠ Β͡ト⇒∠Βセ ∠ぴ (Shayat in (devils) among mankind and Jinn...) "There are devils among t he Jinns and devils among mankind who inspire each ot her.'' Allah's st at ement ,

メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや フ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇カコ⊥ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥Αぴ びや⇔ケヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ (inspiring one anot her wit h adorned speech as a delusion.) means, t hey inspire each ot her wit h beaut ified, adorned speech t hat deceives t he ignorant who hear it ,

びロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (If your Lord had so willed, t hey would not have done it ;) for all t his occurs by Allah's decree, will and decision, t hat every Prophet had enemies from t hese devils,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ プ∠ ぴ

(so leave t hem alone wit h t heir fabricat ions.) and lies. This Ayah orders pat ience in t he face of t he harm of t he wicked and t o t rust in Allah against t heir enmit y, for, "Allah shall suffice for you (O Muhammad) and aid you against t hem.'' Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ピ∇ダわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And Tasgha t o it .) means, according t o Ibn ` Abbas, "incline t o it .''

びり͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや り⊥ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ぴ (t he heart s of t hose who do not believe in t he Hereaft er...) t heir heart s, mind and hearing. AsSuddi said t hat t his Ayah refers t o t he heart s of t he disbelievers.

びロ⊥ ∇ヲッ ∠ ∇ゲΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat t hey may remain pleased wit h it .) t hey like and adore it . Only t hose who disbelieve in t he Hereaft er accept t his evil speech, being enemies of t he Prophet s, et c., j ust as Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

Ι ｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡レわ͡ ⇒∠ヘよ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ び ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや メ ͡ ゅ∠タ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リョ∠ (So, verily, you (pagans) and t hose whom you worship (idols). Cannot lead ast ray. Except t hose who are predest ined t o burn in Hell!) 37:161-163 and,

びマ ∠ プ͡ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ マ ⊥ プ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ - ブ ∃ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガョぁ メ ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Cert ainly, you have different ideas. Turned aside t herefrom is he who is t urned aside.) 51:89 Allah said;

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ わ∠ ∇ボョぁ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ͡ わ∠ ∇ボΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat t hey may commit what t hey are commit t ing. ) meaning, "let t hem earn what ever t hey will earn'', according t o ` Ali bin Abi Talhah who report ed t his from Ibn ` Abbas. As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd also comment ed, "Let t hem do what ever t hey will do.''

ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ ぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∠ムェ ∠ ヴ͡ピわ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇Βピ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ Κ ⇔ダ ｚ ヘ∠ ョ⊥ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∀メｚゴレ∠ ョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ Ι ｚ Ι ⇔ ∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ホ∇ギタ ͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろヨｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲわ∠ ∇ヨヨ⊥ ∇ャや び ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ ャ͡ メ ͡ ギあ ら∠ ョ⊥ (114. Say: "Shall I seek a j udge ot her t han Allah while it is He Who has sent down unt o you t he Book, explained in det ail." Those unt o whom We gave t he Script ure know t hat it is revealed from your Lord in t rut h. So be not you of t hose who doubt .) (115. And t he Word of your Lord has been fulfilled in t rut h and in j ust ice. None can change His Words. And He is t he All-Hearer, t he All-Knower.) Allah t ells His Prophet t o say t o t hese polyt heist s who worship ot hers besides Allah,

びゅ⇔ヨ∠ムェ ∠ ヴ͡ピわ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇Βピ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Shall I seek a j udge ot her t han Allah...) bet ween you and I,

びΚ ⇔ダ ｚ ヘ∠ ョ⊥ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ ぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (while it is He Who has sent down unt o you t he Book, explained...) in det ail,

びょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (and t hose unt o whom We gave t he Script ure) t he Jews and t he Christ ians,

びペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∀メゴｚ ∠レョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Αぴ (know t hat it is revealed from your Lord in t rut h.) because t he previous Prophet s have conveyed t he good news of you coming t o t hem. Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲわ∠ ∇ヨヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So be not you of t hose who doubt .) is similar t o His ot her st at ement ,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ͡ ほ∠∇シゅ∠プ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ べｚヨョあ マ ｙセ ∠ ヶ͡プ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゲ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲわ∠ ∇ヨヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ (So if you are in doubt concerning t hat which We have revealed unt o you, t hen ask t hose who are reading t he Book before you. Verily, t he t rut h has come t o you from your Lord. So be not of t hose who doubt (it ).) 10:94 The condit ional ` if' in t his Ayah does not mean t hat ` doubt ' will ever occur t o t he Prophet . Allah said,

びΙ ⇔ ∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ホ∇ギタ ͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろヨｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he Word of your Lord has been fulfilled in t rut h and in j ust ice.) Qat adah comment ed, "In t rut h concerning what He st at ed and in j ust ice concerning what He decided.'' Surely, what ever Allah says is t he t rut h and He is Most Just in what He commands. All of Allah's st at ement s are t rue, t here is no doubt or cause for speculat ion about t his fact , and all His commandment s are pure j ust ice, besides which t here is no j ust ice. All t hat He forbade is evil, for He only forbids what brings about evil consequences. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

びゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇レ∠Α∠ヱ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ワゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ぴ (He commands t hem wit h good; and forbids t hem from evil...) 7:157 unt il t he end of t he Ayah.

びヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ ャ͡ メ ∠ ギあ ら∠ ョ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (None can change His Words.) meaning, none can avert Allah's j udgment whet her in t his life or t he Hereaft er,

びノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He is t he All-Hearer,) Hearing, His servant s' st at ement s,

びユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャやぴ (The All-Knower.) of t heir act ivit ies and lack of act ivit y, Who awards each according t o t heir deeds.

リ∠ハ ポ ∠ ヲぁヤツ ͡ Α⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇ノト ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ リ ｚヌ ｚ ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ モ ぁツ ͡ Α∠ リ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥タゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ (116. And if you obey most of t hose on t he eart h, t hey will mislead you far away from Allah's pat h. They follow not hing but conj ect ure, and t hey do not hing but lie.) (117. Verily, your Lord! It is He Who knows best who st rays from His way, and He knows best t he right ly guided.)

Most People are Misguided Allah st at es t hat most of t he people of t he eart h, are misguided. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

び ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed most of t he men of old went ast ray before t hem.) 37:71 and,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ ろ ∠ ∇タゲ∠ ェ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And most of mankind will not believe even if you eagerly desire it .) 12:103 They are misguided, yet t hey have doubt s about t heir way, and t hey rely on wishful t hinking and delusions.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥タゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ リ ｚヌ ｚ ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ͡まぴ (They follow not hing but conj ect ure, and t hey do not hing but lie.) Thus, t hey fulfill Allah's decree and decision concerning t hem,

びヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ モ ぁツ ͡ Α∠ リ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (It is He Who knows best who st rays from His way.) and facilit at es t hat for him,

びリ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And He knows best t he right ly guided.) He facilit at es t hat for t hem, all of t hem are facilit at ed for what He creat ed t hem.

ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ∇シや ゲ∠ ミ͡ ク⊥ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ∇シや ゲ∠ ミ͡ ク⊥ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ケゲ͡ ト ⊥ ∇ッや ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ムャ∠ モ ∠ダ ｚ プ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケｚ ラ ｚ ま͡ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ユ͡ヰも͡ や∠ヲ∇ワほ∠よ͡ ∠ラヲぁヤ͡ツΒ⊥ ャｚ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇バヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ (118. So eat of t hat on which Allah's Name has been ment ioned, if you are believers in His Ayat .) (119. And why should you not eat of t hat on which Allah's Name has been ment ioned, while He has explained t o you in det ail what is forbidden t o you, except under compulsion of necessit y And surely, many do lead ast ray by t heir own desires t hrough lack of knowledge. Cert ainly your Lord knows best t he t ransgressors.)

Allowing What was Slaughtered in the Name of Allah This is a st at ement of permission from Allah, for His servant s, allowing t hem t o eat t he slaught ered animals werein His Name was ment ioned when slaught ering t hem. It is underst ood from it t hat He has not allowed t hat over which Allah's Name was not ment ioned when slaught ering. This was t he pract ice of t he pagans of Quraysh who used t o eat dead animals and eat what was slaught ered for t he idols. Allah next encourages eat ing from t he meat of sacrificed animals on which His Name was ment ioned upon slaught ering,

∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ∇シや ゲ∠ ミ͡ ク⊥ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ムャ∠ モ ∠ダ ｚ プ∠ (And why should you not eat of t hat on which Allah's Name has been ment ioned, while He has explained t o you what is forbidden t o you...) meaning, He has explained and made clear t o you what He has prohibit ed for you in det ail,

びヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ケゲ͡ ト ⊥ ∇ッや ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ

(except under compulsion of necessit y.) In which case, you are allowed t o eat what ever you can find. Allah next ment ions t he ignorance of t he idolat ors in t heir misguided ideas, such as eat ing dead animals and what was sacrificed while ot her t han Allah's Name was ment ioned when slaught ering t hem. Allah said,

マ ∠ よｚ ケｚ ラ ｚ ま͡ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ユ͡ヰも͡ や∠ヲ∇ワほ∠よ͡ ∠ラヲぁヤ͡ツΒ⊥ ャｚ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇バヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ (And surely, many do lead ast ray by t heir own desires t hrough lack of knowledge. Cert ainly your Lord knows best t he t ransgressors.) He has complet e knowledge of t heir t ransgression, lies and invent ions.

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ レ∠ デ ͡ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ユ͡ ∇をΗ ͡ や ゲ∠ ヰ͡ ⇒∠ニ ∇やヱ⊥ケク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ わ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イΒ⊥ シ ∠ ユ∠ ∇をΗ ͡や (120. Leave sin, open and secret . Verily, t hose who commit sin will get due recompense for t hat which t hey used t o commit .) Muj ahid said t hat ,

びヮ⊥ レ∠ デ ͡ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ユ͡ ∇をΗ ͡ や ゲ∠ ヰ͡ ⇒∠ニ ∇やヱ⊥ケク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Leave evil, open and secret ...) refers t o all kinds of sins commit t ed in public and secret . Qat adah said t hat ,

びヮ⊥ レ∠ デ ͡ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ユ͡ ∇をΗ ͡ や ゲ∠ ヰ͡ ⇒∠ニ ∇やヱ⊥ケク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Leave sin, open and secret ...) encompasses sins commit t ed in public and secret , whet her few or many. In anot her st at ement , Allah said,

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ズ ∠ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びリ ∠ト ∠ よ∠ (Say: "(But ) t he t hings t hat my Lord has indeed forbidden are Al-Fawahish (evil sins) whet her commit t ed openly or secret ly.) 7:33 This is why Allah said,

∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イΒ⊥ シ ∠ ユ∠ ∇をΗ ͡や ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ わ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ (Verily, t hose who commit sin will get due recompense for t hat which t hey used t o commit .) Whet her t he sins t hey commit t ed were public or secret , Allah will compensat e t hem for t hese sins. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat An-Nawwas bin Sam` an said, "I asked Allah's Messenger about Al-It hm. He said,

ノ∠ ヤ͡ト ｚ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ワゲ͡ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ケ͡ ∇ギタ ∠ ヶ͡プ ポ ∠ ゅ∠ェ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ を͡み∇ャや» «ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや (The sin is t hat which you find in your heart and you dislike t hat people become aware of it .)

ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ∇シや ゲ͡ ミ∠ ∇グΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ェヲ⊥Βャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ペ ∀ ∇ジヘ͡ ャ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ⇒∠イΒ⊥ ャ͡ (121. Eat not of t hat on which Allah's Name has not been pronounced, for surely it is disobedience. And cert ainly, t he Shayat in do inspire t heir friends t o disput e wit h you, and if you obey t hem, t hen you would indeed be polyt heist s.)

The Prohibition of what was Slaughtered in other than Allah's Name This Ayah is used t o prove t hat slaught ered animals are not lawful when Allah's Name is not ment ioned over t hem -- even if slaught ered by a Muslim. The Ayah about hunt ing game,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ∠ ∇シや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ∠ ∇ムジ ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ べｚヨ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (So eat of what t hey (t rained hunt ing dogs or birds of prey) cat ch for you, but pronounce t he Name of Allah over it .) 5:4 support s t his. The Ayah here emphasized t his ruling, when Allah said,

びペ ∀ ∇ジヘ͡ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (for surely it is disobedience.) They say t hat "it '' refers t o eat ing it , and ot hers say t hat it refers t o t he sacrifice for ot her t han Allah. There are various Hadit hs t hat order ment ioning Allah's Name when slaught ering and hunt ing. The Hadit h narrat ed by ` Adi bin Hat im and Abu Tha` labah (t hat t he Prophet said);

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ユ∠ ∇シや れ ∠ ゲ∇ミク∠ ヱ∠ ユ∠ ｚヤバ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ら∠ ∇ヤミ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ や∠クま͡» «マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇モム⊥ プ∠ (When you send your t rained hunt ing dog and ment ion Allah's Name on releasing it , t hen eat from what ever it cat ches for you.) This Hadit h was collect ed in t he Two Sahihs. The Rafi` bin Khadij narrat ed t hat t he Prophet said;

«ロヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ユ⊥ ∇シや ゲ∠ ミ͡ ク⊥ ヱ∠ ュ∠ ギｚ ャや ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (You can use what would make blood flow (i. e., slaught er) and you can eat what is slaught ered and t he Name of Allah is ment ioned at t he t ime of slaught ering.) This Hadit h was also collect ed in t he Two Sahihs. Ibn Mas` ud narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said t o t he Jinns.

«ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ユ⊥ ∇シや ゲ∠ ミ͡ ク⊥ ユ∃ ∇ヌハ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠» ((For food) you have every bone on which Allah's Name was ment ioned on slaught ering.) Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h. Jundub bin Sufyan Al-Baj ali said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ ∇ウよ∠ ∇グΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヶ ∠ ヤあダ ∠ Α⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ウ ∠ よ∠ ク∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ぶや ユ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ ∇ウよ∠ ∇グΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤｚタ ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩∠ウよ∠ ク∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ (Whoever slaught ered before he prayed (t he ` Id prayer), let him slaught er anot her sacrifice in it s place. Whoever did not offer t he sacrifice before we finished t he prayer, let him slaught er and ment ion Allah's Name.) The Two Sahihs recorded t his Hadit h.

The Devil's Inspiration Allah said,

び∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ⇒∠イΒ⊥ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ェヲ⊥Βャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And cert ainly, t he Shayat in do inspire t heir friends t o disput e wit h you,) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Ishaq said t hat a man said t o Ibn ` Umar t hat Al-Mukht ar claimed t hat he received revelat ion. So Ibn ` Umar said, "He has said t he t rut h,'' and recit ed t his Ayah,

び∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ェヲ⊥Βャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And cert ainly, t he Shayat in do inspire t heir friends...) Abu Zamil said, "I was sit t ing next t o Ibn ` Abbas at a t ime when Al-Mukht ar bin Abi ` Ubayd was performing Haj j . So a man came t o Ibn ` Abbas and said, ` O Ibn ` Abbas! Abu Ishaq (Al-Mukht ar) claimed t hat he received revelat ion t his night .' Ibn ` Abbas said, He has said t he t rut h.' I was upset and said, ` Ibn ` Abbas says t hat Al-Mukht ar has said t he t rut h' Ibn ` Abbas replied, ` There are t wo t ypes of revelat ion, one from Allah and one from t he devil. Allah's revelat ion came t o Muhammad , while t he Shayt an's revelat ion comes t o his friends.' He t hen recit ed,

び∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ェヲ⊥Βャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And cert ainly, t he Shayat in do inspire t heir friends...) We also ment ioned ` Ikrimah's comment ary on t he Ayah,

メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや フ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇カコ⊥ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥Αぴ びや⇔ケヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ (Inspiring one anot her wit h adorned speech as a delusion.) Allah said next ,

び∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ⇒∠イΒ⊥ ャ͡ぴ (t o disput e wit h you,) Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed;

びヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ∇シや ゲ͡ ミ∠ ∇グΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Eat not of t hat on which Allah's Name has not been ment ioned...) unt il,

び∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ⇒∠イΒ⊥ ャ͡ぴ

(...t o disput e wit h you,) "The devils inspire t heir loyal support ers, ` Do you eat from what you kill but not from what Allah causes t o die''' As-Suddi said; "Some idolat ors said t o t he Muslims, ` You claim t hat you seek Allah's pleasure. Yet , you do not eat what Allah causes t o die, but you eat what you slaught er' Allah said,

び∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and if you obey t hem...), and eat dead animals,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (t hen you would indeed be polyt heist s. ) Similar was said by Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak and several ot hers among scholars of t he Salaf.

Giving Preference to Anyone's Saying Over the Legislation of Allah is Shirk Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and if you obey t hem, t hen you would indeed be polyt heist s.) means, when you t urn away from Allah's command and Legislat ion t o t he saying of anyone else, preferring ot her t han what Allah has said, t hen t his const it ut es Shirk. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ゅ⇔よゅ∠よ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ら∇ワケ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ら∇ェぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ やぴ (They (Jews and Christ ians) t ook t heir rabbis and t heir monks t o be t heir lords besides Allah.) 9:31 In explanat ion of t his Ayah, At -Tirmidhi recorded t hat ` Adi bin Hat im said, "O Allah's Messenger! They did not worship t hem.'' The Prophet said,

ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ やヲ⊥ョゲｚ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∠ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ やヲぁヤェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ » «ユ⊥ワゅｚΑま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥バらｚゎゅ∠プ ∠メゅ∠ヤ∠エ∇ャや (Yes t hey did. They (monks and rabbis) allowed t he impermissible for t hem and t hey prohibit ed t he lawful for t hem, and t hey followed t hem in t hat . That was t heir worship of t hem.)

ヶ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠Β∇ェ∠ほ∠プ ゅ⇔わ∇Βョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ｚョ リ∠ヨミ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ リ ∠ Αあ コ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ァ ∃ ケ͡ ゅ∠ガよ͡ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α (122. Is he who was dead, and We gave him life, and set for him a light , whereby he can walk among men -- like him who is in t he darkness from which he can never come out Thus it is made fair seeming t o t he disbelievers t hat which t hey used t o do.)

The Parable of the Disbeliever and the Believer This is an example t hat Allah has given of t he believer who was dead, meaning, wandering in confusion and misguidance. Then, Allah brought life t o him, by bringing life t o his heart wit h fait h, guiding him t o it and guiding him t o obeying His Messengers,

びリ∠ヨミ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヶ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ヮ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (And set for him a light whereby he can walk amongst men.) for he became guided t o where he should go and how t o remain on t he correct pat h. The light ment ioned here is t he Qur'an, according t o Ibn ` Abbas, as Al-` Awfi and Ibn Abi Talhah report ed from him. As-Suddi said t hat t he light ment ioned here is Islam. Bot h meanings are correct .

びザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ｚョぴ (Like him who is in t he darkness) of ignorance, desires and various t ypes of deviat ion,

びマ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ァ ∃ ケ͡ ゅ∠ガよ͡ ぴ (From which he can never come out ) for he is unable t o find a way out from what he is in. In Musnad Ahmad, it is recorded t hat t he Prophet said;

∇リョ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ス ｚ ケ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩∃るヨ∠ ∇ヤニ ⊥ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» リ ∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ン∠ギわ∠ ∇ワや ケ⊥ ヲぁレャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ロ͡ケヲ⊥ル «モ∠ッ ロ⊥ ほ∠ト ∠ ∇カぺ∠ (Allah creat ed creat ion in darkness, t hen He showered His Light upon t hem. Whoever was st ruck by t hat light is guided, whoever it missed is ast ray.) Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ヰィ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヶ ぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやぴ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚトャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ケ͡ ヲぁレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ケ͡ ヲぁレャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ (Allah is t he Guardian of t hose who believe. He brings t hem out from darkness int o light . But as for t hose who disbelieve, t heir friends are Taghut , t hey bring t hem out from light int o darkness. Those are t he dwellers of t he Fire, and t hey will abide t herein forever.) 2:257 , and

ヴ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ リｚョぺ∠ ン∠ギ∇ワぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔ら∂ ム͡ ョ⊥ ヴ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ リ∠ヨ∠プ∠ぺぴ び ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔Α∂ ヲ͡ シ ∠ (Is he who walks prone on his face, more right ly guided, or he who walks upright on t he st raight way) 67:22 , and

ゲ͡ Β͡ダら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユあ タ ∠ Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ヴ∠ヨ∇ハΙ ｘ ゅ∠ミ リ ͡ ∇Βボ∠ Α͡ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠Αヲ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇モワ∠ ノ͡ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ (The parable of t he t wo part ies is as t he blind and t he deaf and t he seer and t he hearer. Are t hey equal when compared Will you not t hen t ake heed) 11:24 , and,

れ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ゲ⊥ Β͡ダら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠ヨ∇ハΙ ｘ や ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ - ケ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ モ ぁヌ あ ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ケ⊥ ヲぁレャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ∠ョ ノ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ジΑ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ れ ⊥ や∠ヲ∇ョΙ ｘやΙ ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠Β∇ェΙ ｘ や ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ - ケ͡ ヲ⊥らボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ リｚョ ノ∃ ヨ͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ よ͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ び ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル Ι ｚ ま͡ (Not alike are t he blind and t he seeing. Nor are darkness and light . Nor are t he shade and t he sun's heat . Nor are t he living and t he dead. Verily, Allah makes whom He wills t o hear, but you cannot make hear t hose who are in t he graves. You are only a warner.) 35:19-23 There are many ot her Ayat on t his subj ect . We explained before why Allah ment ioned t he light in t he singular sense and t he darkness in t he plural sense when we explained t he Ayah at t he beginning of t he Surah,

びケ∠ ヲぁレャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And originat ed t he darknesses and t he light .) 6:1 Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ リ ∠ Αあ コ⊥ ぴ (Thus it is made fair seeming t o t he disbelievers t hat which t hey used t o do.) means, We made t heir ignorance and misguidance appear fair t o t hem, as Allah decreed out of His wisdom, t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Him alone wit hout part ners.

ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョ⊥ ゲ∠ ら͡ ⇒∠ミぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ あモミ⊥ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ほよ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ヨΒ∠ ャ͡ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∀る∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽル⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ⊥ Β͡ダΒ⊥ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠シケ͡ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠セ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∀ケゅ∠ピタ ∠ び (123. And t hus We have set up in every t own great ones of it s wicked people t o plot t herein. But t hey plot not except against t hemselves, and t hey perceive (it ) not .) (124. And when t here comes t o t hem a sign t hey say: "We shall not believe unt il we receive t he like of t hat which t he Messengers of Allah received." Allah knows best wit h whom t o ent rust His Message. Humiliat ion and disgrace from Allah and a severe t orment will overt ake t he criminals for t hat which t hey used t o plot .)

Evil Plots of the Leaders of the Criminals and their Subsequent Demise Allah says: Just as We appoint ed chiefs and leaders for t he criminals who call t o disbelief, hinder from t he pat h of Allah, and oppose and defy you in your t own, O Muhammad. Such was also t he case wit h t he Messengers before you, who were t est ed wit h t he same. But t he good end was always t heirs.' Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ヱ∂ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヴ ｙ ら͡ ル∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Thus have We made for every Prophet an enemy among t he criminals.) 25:31 Allah said,

∇やヲ⊥ボジ ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プゲ∠ ∇わョ⊥ ゅ∠ル∇ゲョ∠ ぺ∠ る⇔ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰルぁ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ル∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (And when We decide t o dest roy a t own, We send a definit e order t o t hose among t hem who lead a life of luxury, and t hey t ransgress t herein.) 17:16 meaning, We command t hem t o obey Us, but t hey defy t he command and as a consequence, We dest roy t hem. It was also said t hat , "We send a definit e order'', in t he last Ayah means, "We decree for t hem,'' as Allah st at ed here

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ヨΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ (t o plot t herein.) Ibn Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas explained t he Ayah

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ヨΒ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョ⊥ ゲ∠ ら͡ ⇒∠ミぺ∠ぴ

(. ..great ones of it s wicked people t o plot t herein.) "We give t he leadership t o t hese wicked ones and t hey commit evil in it . When t hey do t his, We dest roy t hem wit h Our t orment .'' Muj ahid and Qat adah said t hat in t he Ayah,

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョ⊥ ゲ∠ ら͡ ⇒∠ミぺ∠ぴ (great ones) refers t o leaders. I say t hat t his is also t he meaning of Allah's st at ement s,

べ∠ワヲ⊥プゲ∠ ∇わョ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ∃ Α͡グルｚ リあョ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ん∇ミぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ べ∠ヨ͡よ ゅｚル͡ま びリ ∠ Β͡よグｚ バ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ や⇔ギ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ (And We did not send a warner t o a t ownship, but t hose who were given t he worldly wealt h and luxuries among t hem, said: "We believe not in what you have been sent wit h." And t hey say: "We have t oo much wealt h and t oo many children and we are not going t o suffer punishment .") 34:34-35 And,

ゲ∃ Α͡グルｚ リあョ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ べ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠ワヲ⊥プゲ∠ ∇わョ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ Ι ｚ ま͡ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ボョぁ ユ͡ワゲ͡ ⇒∠をや∠￢ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (And similarly, We sent not a warner before you t o any t own but t he luxurious ones among t hem said: "We found our fat hers following a cert ain way and religion, and we will indeed follow t heir foot st eps.'') 43:23 ` Plot ' in t he Ayah 6:123 refers t o beaut ified speech and various act ions wit h which t he evil ones call t o misguidance. Allah said about t he people of Prophet Nuh, peace be upon him,

び や⇔ケゅｚらミ⊥ や⇔ゲ∇ムョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲム∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey have plot t ed a might y plot . ) 71:22

Allah said,

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プヲ⊥ホ∇ヲョ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ͡ヤ⇒ｚヌャや ク͡ ま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よ

メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ メ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ノ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅｚレム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツわ⊥ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツわ⊥ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ルキ∠ギタ ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツわ⊥ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レル∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇クま͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ゲ⊥ ∇ムョ∠ ∇モよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや びや⇔キや∠ギル∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゲ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ムルｚ (But if you could see when t he wrongdoers will be made t o st and before t heir Lord, how t hey will cast t he (blaming) word one t o anot her! Those who were deemed weak will say t o t hose who were arrogant : "Had it not been for you, we should cert ainly have been believers.'' And t hose who were arrogant will say t o t hose who were deemed weak: "Did we keep you back from guidance aft er it had come t o you Nay, but you were criminals." Those who were deemed weak will say t o t hose who were arrogant : "Nay, but it was your plot t ing by night and day, when you ordered us t o disbelieve in Allah and set up rivals for Him!") 34:31-33 . Ibn Abi Hat im report ed t hat Ibn Abi ` Umar said t hat Sufyan said, "Every ` plot ' ment ioned in t he Qur'an refers t o act ions.'' Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ほよ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (But t hey plot not except against t hemselves, and t hey perceive (it ) not .) means, t he harm of t heir wicked plot s, as well as misguiding t hose whom t hey lead ast ray, will only st rike t hem. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

び∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ ノ∠ ョｚ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ リ ｚ ヤ⊥ヨ͡ ∇エΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, t hey shall bear t heir own loads, and ot her loads besides t heir own.) 29:13 and,

￢∠ べ∠シ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∠ルヲぁヤ͡ツΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ケ͡ や∠コ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケゴ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ョ

(And also of t he burdens of t hose whom t hey misled wit hout knowledge. Evil indeed is t hat which t hey shall bear!) 16:25 . Allah said;

ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽル⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∀る∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ (And when t here comes t o t hem a sign t hey say: "We shall not believe unt il we receive t he like of t hat which t he Messengers of Allah received.'') When t here comes t o t hem a sign t hey say,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽル⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャぴ ("We shall not believe unt il we receive t he like of t hat which t he Messengers of Allah received.") unt il t he angels bring us t he Message from Allah, j ust as t hey brought it t o t he Messengers. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,

ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ン∠ゲル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや (And t hose who expect not a meet ing wit h Us said: "Why are not t he angels sent down t o us, or why do we not see our Lord") 25:21 . Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ⊥ わ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠シケ͡ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやぴ (Allah knows best wit h whom t o ent rust His Message.) means, He knows best wit h whom His Message should be given and which of His creat ures are suit able for it . Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

リ ∠ ョあ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ⊥ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゴあ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びマ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨジ ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぺ∠ ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや (And t hey say: "Why is not t his Qur'an sent down t o some great man of t he t wo t owns" Is it t hey who would port ion out t he mercy of your Lord) 43:31-32 . They said, why was not t his Qur'an revealed t o a might y, respect able leader, honored by us,

びリ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ぴ

(...from one of t he t wo t owns) Of Makkah and At -Ta'if. This is because t hey, may Allah curse t hem, belit t led t he Messenger out of envy, t ransgression, rebellion and defiance. Allah described t hem,

ン͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ワぺ∠ や⇔ヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ͡ま ポ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びΙ ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ (And when t hey see you, t hey only mock: "Is t his t he one whom Allah has sent as a Messenger") 25:41 and

や⇔ヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚΑ∠ ラ͡ま ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ポ ∠ へ∠ケ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ゲ͡ ∇ミグ͡ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ∠ ヰ∠ ャ͡へ ゲ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ワぺ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ (And when t hose who disbelieved see you, t hey only mock at you: "Is t his t he one who t alks about your gods" While t hey disbelieve at t he ment ion of t he Most Gracious (Allah).) 21:36 , and,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ͡よ ベ ∠ ゅ∠エプ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ モ ∃シ ⊥ ゲ⊥ よ͡ ￢∠ ン͡ゴ∇ヰわ⊥ ∇シや ギ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲガ ͡シ ∠ (Indeed Messengers were mocked before, but t he scoffers were surrounded by t hat , whereat t hey used t o mock.) 21:41

The Disbelievers Admit to the Prophet's Nobility of Lineage The disbelievers did all of t his alt hough t hey admit t ed t o t he Prophet 's virt ue, honorable lineage, respect able ancest ry and purit y of household and upbringing, may Allah, His angels, and t he believers send blessings upon him. The disbelievers used t o call t he Prophet , before he received revelat ion, ` Al-Amin' -- t he Trut hful. The leader of t he Quraysh disbelievers, Abu Sufyan, had t o admit t o t his fact when Heraclius, emperor of Rome, asked him, "How honorable is his (t he Prophet 's) ancest ral lineage among you'' Abu Sufyan answered, "His ancest ry is highly regarded among us.'' Heraclius asked, "Do you find t hat he lied, before he st art ed his mission'' Abu Sufyan replied, "No.'' The emperor of Rome relied on t he honor and purit y of t he Prophet t o recognize t he t rut h of his prophet hood and what he came wit h. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Wat hilah bin Al-Asqa` said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩∠モΒ͡ハゅ∠ヨ∇シま͡ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ギ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヴ∠ヘト ∠ ∇タや ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» る∠ ル∠ ゅ∠レミ͡ ヶ͡レよ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ハゅ∠ヨ∇シま͡ ヶ͡レよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヴ∠ヘト ∠ ∇タや∠ヱ ヴ∠ヘト ∠ ∇タや∠ヱ ゅ⇔ゼ∇Αゲ∠ ホ⊥ る∠ ル∠ ゅ∠レミ͡ ヶ͡レよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヴ∠ヘト ∠ ∇タや∠ヱ «ユ͡セゅ∠ワ ヶ͡レよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヶ͡ルゅ∠ヘト ∠ ∇タや∠ヱ ユ∃ セ ͡ ゅ∠ワ ヶ͡レよ∠ ズ ∃ ∇Αゲ∠ ボ⊥レ∇レョ͡ (Verily, Allah has chosen Isma` il from t he offspring of Ibrahim, Bani Kinanah from t he offspring of Isma` il, Quraysh from Bani Kinanah, Bani Hashim from Quraysh and, He has chosen me from Bani Hashim.) Muslim recorded t his Hadit h. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ル∇ゲボ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ル∇ゲホ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ ヶ͡レよ∠ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲホ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ » «ヮΒ͡プ ろ ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚや ラ ͡ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ (I was chosen from a succession of t he best generat ions of t he Children of Adam, unt il t he generat ion I was sent in.) Allah's said,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∀ケゅ∠ピタ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ⊥ Β͡ダΒ⊥ シ ∠ぴ び∀ギΑ͡ギ∠セ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ∠ヱ (Humiliat ion and disgrace from Allah and a severe t orment will overt ake t he criminals...) This is a st ern t hreat and sure promise from Allah for t hose who arrogant ly refrain from obeying His Messengers and adhering t o what t hey came wit h. On t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hey will suffer humiliat ion and et ernal disgrace before Allah, because t hey were arrogant in t he worldly life. This is why it is befit t ing t hat t hey earn disgrace on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ シ ∠ ヴ͡ゎキ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡ キ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ (Verily, t hose who scorn My worship, t hey will surely ent er Hell in humiliat ion!) disgrace and dishonor. Allah said next ,

40:60

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠セ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (and a severe t orment for t hat which t hey used t o plot .) Since plot t ing usually t akes place in secret and involves t reachery and deceit , t he disbelievers were recompensed wit h severe t orment from Allah on t he Day of Resurrect ion, as a j ust reckoning,

びや⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And your Lord t reat s no one wit h inj ust ice) 18:49 Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び ゲ⊥ も͡ へ∠ゲジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤ∇らゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day when all t he secret s will be examined. ) 86:9 Meaning, t he secret s, hidden t hought s and int ent ions will be exposed. In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ∇シや ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ∀￢や∠ヲ͡ャ ケ∃ キ͡ ゅ∠ビ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ょ ⊥ ダ ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ » «ラゅ∠ヤプ⊥ リ ͡ ∇よ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヤプ⊥ リ ͡ ∇よ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヤプ⊥ り⊥ ケ∠ ∇ギビ ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ (A banner will be raised for every deceit ful person from his anus on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and it will say; ` This is t he t reacherous plot of so-and-so, son of so-and-so, son of so-and-so.,) The wisdom in t his is t hat since a plot occurs in secret , and people are usually unaware of it , t hen on t he Day of Resurrect ion t he plot it self will become public news t est ifying t o t he act ions of t hose who commit t ed it .

͡ユ⇒∠ヤ∇シ͡Θ͡ャ ロ⊥ ケ∠ ∇ギタ ∠ ∇ゥゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヮ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや キ͡ ゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ ゅ⇔ィ∠ゲェ ∠ ゅ⇔ボあΒッ ∠ ロ⊥ ケ∠ ∇ギタ ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤツ ͡ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ィゲあ ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ギ⊥ バｚ ダ ｚ ∠Α ゅ∠ヨルｚ ∠ほ∠ミ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (125. And whomsoever Allah wills t o guide, He opens his breast t o Islam; and whomsoever He wills t o send ast ray, He makes his breast closed and const rict ed, as if he is climbing up t o t he sky. Thus Allah put s t he wrat h on t hose who believe not .) Allah said,

びユ͡ ⇒∠ヤ∇シΘ ͡ ャ͡ ロ⊥ ケ∠ ∇ギタ ∠ ∇ゥゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヮ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや キ͡ ゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (And whomsoever Allah wills t o guide, He opens his breast t o Islam;) He makes Islam easy for him and st rengt hens his resolve t o embrace it , and t hese are good signs. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ケ∃ ヲ⊥ル ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ͡ユ⇒∠ヤ∇シ͡Θ͡ャ ロ⊥ ケ∠ ∇ギタ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゥ ∠ ゲ∠ セ ∠ リ∠ヨ∠プ∠ぺぴ びヮ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ (Is he whose breast Allah has opened t o Islam, so t hat he is in light from His Lord (as he who is a non-Muslim)) 39:22 and,

∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ レ∠ Αｚ コ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑΙや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ょ ∠ らｚ ェ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ダバ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ∠ ヲ⊥ジヘ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ∠ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ロ∠ ゲｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギセ ͡ ゲ∠ ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ (But Allah has endeared t he fait h t o you and has beaut ified it in your heart s, and has made disbelief, wickedness and disobedience hat ed by you. Such are t hey who are t he right ly guided.) 49:7 Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びユ͡ ⇒∠ヤ∇シΘ ͡ ャ͡ ロ⊥ ケ∠ ∇ギタ ∠ ∇ゥゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヮ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや キ͡ ゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (And whomsoever Allah wills t o guide, He opens his breast t o Islam;), "Allah says t hat He will open his heart t o Tawhid and fait h in Him.'' This is t he same as was report ed from Abu Malik and several ot hers, and it is sound. Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔ィ∠ゲェ ∠ ゅ⇔ボあΒッ ∠ ロ⊥ ケ∠ ∇ギタ ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤツ ͡ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and whomsoever He wills t o send ast ray, He makes his breast closed and const rict ed,) refers t o inabilit y t o accept guidance, t hus being deprived of beneficial fait h.

び͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ギ⊥ バｚ ダ ｚ ∠Α ゅ∠ヨルｚ ∠ほ∠ミぴ

(. ..as if he is climbing up t o t he sky.) because of t he heaviness of fait h on him. Sa` id bin Jubayr comment ed t hat in t his case, "(Islam) finds every pat h in his heart impassable.'' AlHakam bin Aban said t hat ` Ikrimah narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he comment ed on:

び͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ギ⊥ バｚ ダ ｚ ∠Α ゅ∠ヨルｚ ∠ほ∠ミぴ (...as if he is climbing up t o t he sky), "Just as t he Son of Adam cannot climb up t o t he sky, Tawhid and fait h will not be able t o ent er his heart , unt il Allah decides t o allow it int o his heart .'' Imam Abu Ja` far bin Jarir comment ed: "This is a parable t hat Allah has given for t he heart of t he disbeliever, which is complet ely impassable and closed t o fait h. Allah says, t he example of t he disbeliever's inabilit y t o accept fait h in his heart and t hat it is t oo small t o accommodat e it , is t he example of his inabilit y t o climb up t o t he sky, which is beyond his capabilit y and power.'' He also comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ィゲあ ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ (Thus Allah put s t he Rij s (wrat h) on t hose who believe not .) "Allah says t hat j ust as He makes t he heart of whomever He decides t o misguide, closed and const rict ed, He also appoint s Shayt an for him and for his likes, t hose who refused t o believe in Allah and His Messenger. Consequent ly, Shayt an lures and hinders t hem from t he pat h of Allah.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat , Rij s, refers t o Shayt an, while Muj ahid said t hat it refers t o all t hat does not cont ain goodness. ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said t hat , Rij s, means, ` t orment '.

ろ ͡ ⇒Α∠ Γや ゅ∠レ∇ヤダ ｚ プ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヅ ⊥ ゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ぴ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ユ͡ ⇒∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ケ⊥ や∠キ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グｚ Α∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ヰΒぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ (126. And t his is t he pat h of your Lord leading st raight . We have det ailed Our Ayat for a people who t ake heed.) (127. For t hem will be t he abode of peace wit h t heir Lord. And He will be t heir Wali because of what t hey used t o do.) Aft er Allah ment ioned t he way of t hose who were t hemselves led t o st ray from His pat h and who hindered ot hers from it , He emphasized t he honor of t he guidance and religion of t rut h t hat He sent His Messenger wit h. Allah said next ,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヅ ⊥ ゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ぴ (And t his is t he pat h of your Lord leading st raight .) t hat is, Islam, t hat We have legislat ed for you, O Muhammad, by revealing t his Qur'an t o you, is Allah's st raight pat h.

びろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΓや ゅ∠レ∇ヤダ ｚ プ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (We have det ailed Our Ayat ...) We have explained t he Ayat and made t hem clear and plain,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ぴ (for a people who t ake heed) t hose who have sound comprehension and underst and what Allah and His Messenger convey t o t hem,

びユ͡ ⇒∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ケ⊥ や∠キ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (For t hem will be t he abode of peace) Paradise,

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハぴ (wit h t heir Lord.) on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Allah described Paradise as ` t he abode of peace', because it s resident s are safe due t o t heir access t o t he st raight pat h, which conforms t o t he way of t he Prophet s. And j ust as t heir way was not wicked, t hey earned t he abode of peace which is free from all wickedness .

びユ⊥ヰΒぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He will be t heir Wali) Prot ect or, Support er and Helper,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ぴ (because of what t hey used t o do,) As reward for t heir good deeds, Allah has favored t hem and been generous wit h t hem, and awarded t hem Paradise.

ギ͡ ホ∠ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バヨ∠ ⇒∠Α ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ザ ͡ ∇ルΗ ͡やリ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ワぼ⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ルΗ ͡やリ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ゎ∇ゲん∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや ン͡グャｚや ゅ∠レヤ∠ィ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠レ∇ピヤ∠よ∠ ヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ノ∠ わ∠ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠

ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ヲ∇んョ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ろ ∠ ∇ヤィ ｚ ぺ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ (128. And on t he Day when He will gat her t hem t oget her (and say): "O you assembly of Jinn! Many did you mislead of men," and t heir friends among t he people will say: "Our Lord! We benefit ed one from t he ot her, but now we have reached our appoint ed t erm which You did appoint for us. " He will say: "The Fire be your dwelling place, you will dwell t herein forever, except as Allah may will. Cert ainly your Lord is All-Wise, All-Knowing.") Allah says, ` Ment ion, O Muhammad, in what you convey and warn,' t hat ,

びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (on t he Day when He will gat her t hem (all) t oget her.) gat her t he Jinns and t heir loyal support ers from mankind who used t o worship t hem in t his life, seek refuge wit h t hem, obey t hem and inspire each ot her wit h adorned, deceit ful speech. Allah will proclaim t hen,

びザ ͡ ∇ルΗ ͡ やリ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ゎ∇ゲん∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや ギ͡ ホ∠ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バヨ∠ ⇒∠Αぴ (O you assembly of Jinn! Many did you mislead of men,) So t he Ayah;

びザ ͡ ∇ルΗ ͡ やリ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ゎ∇ゲん∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや ギ͡ ホ∠ ぴ (Many did you mislead of men) refers t o t heir misguiding and leading t hem ast ray. Allah also said;

リ ∠ ⇒∠トΒｚゼャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺ ュ∠ キ∠ や∠￢ ヴ͡レら∠ Α ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ヅ ∀ ゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ Κ ６ ら͡ ィ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ｚッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ (Did I not command you, O Children of Adam, t hat you should not worship Shayt an. Verily, he is a plain enemy t o you. And t hat you should worship Me. That is t he st raight pat h. And indeed he (Shayt an) did lead ast ray a great mult it ude of you. Did you not , t hen, underst and) 36:60-62 , and

ゅ∠レツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ノ∠ わ∠ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ルΗ ͡やリ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ワぼ⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ (and t heir friends among t he people will say: "Our Lord! We benefit ed one from t he ot her...'') The friends of t he Jinns among humanit y will give t his answer t o Allah, aft er Allah chast ises t hem for being misguided by t he Jinns. Al-Hasan comment ed, "They benefit ed from each ot her when t he Jinns merely commanded and mankind obeyed.'' Ibn Jurayj said, "During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, a man would reach a land and proclaim, ` I seek refuge wit h t he mast er (Jinn) of t his valley,' and t his is how t hey benefit ed from each ot her. They used t his as an excuse for t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion.'' Therefore, t he Jinns benefit from humans since humans revere t he Jinns by invoking t hem for help. The Jinns would t hen proclaim, "We became t he mast ers of bot h mankind and t he Jinns.''

びゅ∠レ∠ャ ろ ∠ ∇ヤィ ｚ ぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ゅ∠レヤ∠ィ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠レ∇ピヤ∠よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (but now we have reached our appoint ed t erm which You did appoint for us.) meaning, deat h, according t o As-Suddi.

び∇ユミ⊥ や∠ヲ∇んョ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He (Allah) will say: "The Fire be your dwelling place...'') where you will reside and live, you and your friends,

びべ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カぴ (you will dwell t herein forever. ) and will never depart except what Allah may will.

∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヴあャヲ∠ ル⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ (129. And t hus We do make t he wrongdoers support ers of one anot her, because of t hat which t hey used t o earn.)

The Wrongdoers Are the Supporters of Each other Ma` mar said t hat Qat adah comment ed on t his Ayah, "Allah makes t he wrongdoers support ers for each ot her in t he Fire by following one anot her int o it .'' ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヴあャヲ∠ ル⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hus We do make t he wrongdoers support ers of one anot her.) "It refers t o t he wrongdoers of t he Jinns and mankind.'' He t hen recit ed,

ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ト∇Βセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ヂΒあ ボ∠ ル⊥ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ズ ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ∀リΑ͡ゲ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ (And whosoever t urns away blindly from t he remembrance of t he Most Gracious (Allah), We appoint for him Shayt an t o be a companion t o him.) 43:36 He said next -- concerning t he meaning of t he Ayah; "We appoint t he wrongdoer of t he Jinns over t he wrongdoer of mankind.'' A poet once said, "There is no hand, but Allah's Hand is above it , and no wrongdoer but will be t est ed by anot her wrongdoer.'' The meaning of t his honorable Ayah t hus becomes: ` Just as We made t his losing group of mankind support ers of t he Jinns t hat misguided t hem, We also appoint t he wrongdoers over one anot her, dest roy t hem by t he hands of one anot her, and t ake revenge from t hem wit h one anot her. This is t he j ust recompense for t heir inj ust ice and t ransgression.'

∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ∀モシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ルΗ ͡ や∠ヱ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バヨ∠ ⇒∠Αぴ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユム⊥ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ケグ͡ レ⊥Αヱ∠ ヶ͡わ⇒∠Αへ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁダボ⊥ Α∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎｚゲビ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ͡ジヘ⊥ ∇ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギヰ͡ セ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ セ ∠ ヱ∠ (130. O you assembly of Jinn and humans! "Did not t here come t o you Messengers from amongst you, recit ing unt o you My verses and warning you of t he meet ing of t his Day of yours'' They will say: "We bear wit ness against ourselves.'' It was t he life of t his world t hat deceived t hem. And t hey will bear wit ness against t hemselves t hat t hey were disbelievers.)

Chastising the Jinns and Humans after their Admission that Allah Sent Messengers to Them Allah will chast ise t he disbelieving Jinns and humans on t he Day of Resurrect ion, when He asks t hem, while having bet t er knowledge, if t he Messengers delivered His Messages t o t hem,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ∀モシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ルΗ ͡ や∠ヱ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バヨ∠ ⇒∠Αぴ

("O you assembly of Jinn and humans! Did not t here come t o you Messengers from among you'') We should not e here t hat t he Messengers are from among mankind only, not vice versa, as Muj ahid, Ibn Jurayj and ot hers from t he Imams of Salaf and lat er generat ions have st at ed. The proof for t his is t hat Allah said,

リ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや∠ヱ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヨミ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べｚル͡まぴ びロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ (Verily, We have sent t he revelat ion t o you as We sent t he revelat ion t o Nuh and t he Prophet s aft er him.) 4:163 , unt il,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Κ ｚ ゃ∠ ャ͡ リ ∠ Α͡ケグ͡ レ⊥ョヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲゼ あ ら∠ ョぁ Κ ⇔ シ ⊥ ケぁ ぴ びモ ͡シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∀るイ ｚェ ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (Messengers as bearers of good news as well as of warning in order t hat mankind should have no plea against Allah aft er t he (coming of) Messengers.) 4:165 Allah said, concerning t he Prophet Ibrahim,

びょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∠りヲｚ ら⊥ レぁ ャや ヮ͡ わ͡ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We ordained among his offspring prophet hood and t he Book) 29: 27 , t hus sending t he prophet hood and t he Book exclusively t hrough t he offspring of t he Prophet Ibrahim. No one has claimed t hat t here were Prophet s from among t he Jinns before t he t ime of Ibrahim, but not aft er t hat . Allah said,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びベ ͡ や∠ヲ∇シΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや (And We never sent before you any of t he Messengers but verily, t hey at e food and walked in t he market s.) 25:20 , and,

∇リョあ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲぁル Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ィケ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠

(And We sent not before you any but men unt o whom We revealed, from among t he people of t ownships.) 12:109 Therefore, concerning prophet hood, t he Jinns follow mankind in t his regard and t his is why Allah said about t hem,

∠ラヲ⊥バ͡ヨ∠わ∇ジ∠Α リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ゲ∠ヘル∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇プゲ∠ タ ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥わダ ͡ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲツ ∠ ェ ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠レョ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Α͡ケグ͡ レぁョ ユ͡ヰョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヲャｚヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ べ∠レョ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ Α - ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ペ ∃ Α͡ゲデ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ ∠ハ ͡ や∠キ ∇やヲ⊥らΒィ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ょイ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲイ ͡ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゴ∃ イ ͡ ∇バヨ⊥ よ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ ∠ハ ͡ や∠キ びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ￢⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ (And (remember) when We sent t owards you a group of t he Jinn, list ening t o t he Qur'an. When t hey st ood in t he presence t hereof, t hey said: "List en in silence!" And when it was finished, t hey ret urned t o t heir people, as warners. They said: "O our people! Verily, we have heard a Book sent down aft er Musa, confirming what came before it , it guides t o t he t rut h and t o t he st raight way. O our people! Respond t o Allah's caller, and believe in him. He (Allah) will forgive you your sins, and will save you from a painful t orment (i.e. Hell-fire). And whosoever does not respond t o Allah's caller, he cannot escape on eart h, and t here will be no helpers for him besides Allah. Those are in manifest error.) 46:29-32 A Hadit h collect ed by At -Tirmidhi st at ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah recit ed Surat Ar-Rahman, t o t hese Jinns, in which Allah said,

ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ラ ͡Κ ∠ ボ∠ んｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ パ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ヘレ∠ シ ∠ぴ びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ (We shall at t end t o you, O you t wo classes (Jinn and men)! Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h (Jinn and men) deny) 55:31-32 Allah said in t his honorable Ayah,

∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ∀モシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ルΗ ͡ や∠ヱ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バヨ∠ ⇒∠Αぴ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユム⊥ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ケグ͡ レ⊥Αヱ∠ ヶ͡わ⇒∠Αへ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁダボ⊥ Α∠ びゅ∠レジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギヰ͡ セ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ (O you assembly of Jinn and humans! "Did not t here come t o you Messengers from amongst you, recit ing unt o you My verses and warning you of t he meet ing of t his Day of yours" They will say: "We bear wit ness against ourselves.'') meaning, we affirm t hat t he Messengers have conveyed Your Messages t o us and warned us about t he meet ing wit h You, and t hat t his Day will cert ainly occur. Allah said next ,

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎｚゲビ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (It was t he life of t his world t hat deceived t hem.) and t hey wast ed t heir lives and brought dest ruct ion t o t hemselves by rej ect ing t he Messengers and denying t heir miracles. This is because t hey were deceived by t he beaut y, adornment and lust s of t his life.

び∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ セ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will bear wit ness against t hemselves) on t he Day of Resurrect ion,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ぴ (t hat t hey were disbelievers...) in t his worldly life, rej ect ing what t he Messengers, may Allah's peace and blessings be on t hem, brought t hem.

ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤヌ ⊥ よ͡ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰョ⊥ マ ∠ よぁ ケｚ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ∠ぺ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ろ⇒∠ィ∠ケ∠キ モ ｙ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅｚヨハ ∠ モ ∃ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ピよ͡ (131. This is because your Lord would not dest roy t he (populat ions of) t owns for t heir wrongdoing while t heir people were unaware.) (132. For all t here will be degrees according t o what t hey did. And your Lord is not unaware of what t hey do.) Allah said,

ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤヌ ⊥ よ͡ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰョ⊥ マ ∠ よぁ ケｚ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ∠ぺ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ (This is because your Lord would not dest roy t he (populat ions of) t owns for t heir wrongdoing while t heir people were unaware. ) meaning: ` We sent t he Messengers and revealed t he Books t o t he Jinns and mankind, so t hat no one has an excuse t hat he is being punished for his wrongs alt hough he did not receive Allah's Message. Therefore, We did not punish any of t he nat ions, except aft er sending Messengers t o t hem, so t hat t hey have no excuse.' Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

び∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ Κ ∠カ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョあ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And t here never was a nat ion but a warner had passed among t hem.) 35:24 , and

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∠れヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚト∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ (And verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming): "Worship Allah, and st ay away from At -Taghut (all false deit ies).") 16:36 , and

びΙ ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らル∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡よグあ バ∠ ョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We never punish unt il We have sent a Messenger.) 17:15 , and,

∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ べ∠ヰわ⊥ ル∠ ゴ∠ カ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ほ∠シ ∠ ∀ァ∇ヲ∠プ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヴ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ びゅ∠レ∇よグｚ ∠ム∠プ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ∀ゲΑ͡グル∠ (Every t ime a group is cast t herein, it s keeper will ask: "Did no warner come t o you" They will say: "Yes, indeed a warner did come t o us, but we belied him.'') 67:8-9 There are many ot her Ayat on t his subj ect . At -Tabari said, "Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ろ⇒∠ィ∠ケ∠キ モ ｙ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (For all t here will be degrees according t o what t hey did.) means, every person who obeys Allah or behaves disobedient ly, has grades and ranks according t o t heir works, which Allah

gives t hem as recompense, good for good and evil for evil.'' I say, it is possible t hat Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ろ⇒∠ィ∠ケ∠キ モ ｙ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (For all t here will be degrees according t o what t hey did.) refers t o t he disbelievers of t he Jinns and mankind who will earn a place in t he Fire according t o t heir evil deeds. Allah said,

び∀ブ∇バ͡ッ ｙモム⊥ ャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He will say: "For each one t here is double (t orment ).'') 7:38 , and,

∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇キコ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヱぁギタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ (Those who disbelieved and hinder (ot hers) from t he pat h of Allah, for t hem We will add t orment t o t he t orment because t hey used t o spread corrupt ion.) 16:88 Allah said next ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅｚヨハ ∠ モ ∃ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ピよ͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And your Lord is not unaware of what t hey do.) Ibn Jarir comment ed, "All t hese deeds t hat t hey did, O Muhammad, t hey did while your Lord is aware of t hem, and He collect s and records t hese deeds wit h Him, so t hat He recompenses t hem when t hey meet Him and ret urn t o Him.

∇ユム⊥ ∇らワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ Α∠ ラ͡ま る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヱ⊥ク ヴ ぁ レ͡ ピ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ リあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨミ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ミ͡ギ∇バ∠よ リ͡ョ ∇ブヤ͡∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ べ∠ョ∠ヱ れ ∃ Ε ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ョ ラ ｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ͡るΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ⇒∠Α ∇モホ⊥ - リ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ∇バヨ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥わル∠ぺ る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ リ∠ョ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ∀モ͡ョゅ∠ハ ヴあルま͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ケ͡ やｚギャや

(133. And your Lord is Al-Ghani, full of mercy; if He wills, He can dest roy you; and in your place make whom He wills as your successors, as He raised you from t he seed of ot her people.) (134. Surely, t hat which you are promised, will verily come t o pass, and you cannot escape.) (135. Say: "O my people! Work according t o your way, surely, I t oo am working, and you will come t o know for which of us will be t he (happy) end in t he Hereaft er. Cert ainly t he wrongdoers will not be successful.")

If They Disobey, They Will Perish Allah said,

びマ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And your Lord...), O Muhammad,

びヴ ぁ レ͡ ピ∠ ∇ャやぴ (is Al-Ghani) Rich, free from needing His creat ures in any way or form, while t hey st and in need of Him in all sit uat ions,

びる͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヱ⊥クぴ (full of mercy;) t owards creat ion. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ゲ∠ャ サ ͡ ゅｚレャゅ͡よ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, Allah is full of kindness, t he Most Merciful t owards mankind.) 2:143

び∇ユム⊥ ∇らワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まぴ (if He wills, He can dest roy you.) if you defy His commandment s,

び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ミ͡ギ∇バ∠よ リ͡ョ ∇ブヤ͡∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And in your place make whom He wills as your successors,) who behave obedient ly,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ͡るΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ リあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨミ∠ ぴ (As He raised you from t he seed of ot her people.) and surely, He is able t o do t his, and it is easy for Him. And j ust as Allah has dest royed t he earlier nat ions and brought t heir successors, He is able t o do away wit h t hese generat ions and bring ot her people in t heir place. Allah has also said;

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ ゅ⇒͡よ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇らワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まぴ び や⇔ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (If He wills, He can t ake you away, O people, and bring ot hers. And Allah is Ever Capable over t hat .) 4:133 ,

ヴ ぁ レ͡ ピ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢⊥ へ∠ゲボ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ル∠ぺ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ギ∃ Α͡ギィ ∠ ペ ∃ ∇ヤガ ∠ よ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユ⇒⊥ム∇らワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ Α∠ ラ͡ま - ギ⊥ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや び ゴ∃ Α͡ゴバ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ (O mankind! It is you who st and in need of Allah. But Allah is Rich (free of all needs), Wort hy of all praise. If He willed, He could dest roy you and bring about a new creat ion. And t hat is not hard for Allah.) 35:15-17 , and,

∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ￢⊥ へ∠ゲボ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ヴ ぁ レ͡ ピ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘルｚ ぴ び∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇メギ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (But Allah is Rich (free of all needs), and you are poor. And if you t urn away, He will exchange you for some ot her people and t hey will not be your likes.) 47:38 . Muhammad bin Ishaq said t hat Ya` qub bin ` Ut bah said t hat he heard Aban bin ` Ut hman saying about t his Ayah,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ͡るΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ リあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨミ∠ ぴ (As He raised you from t he seed of ot her people. ) "` The seed' means t he offspring and t he children.'' Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ∇バヨ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥わル∠ぺ べ∠ョ∠ヱ れ ∃ Ε ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ョ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ

(Surely, t hat which you are promised, will verily, come t o pass and you cannot escape.) means, t ell t hem, O Muhammad, t hat what t hey have been promised of Resurrect ion will surely occur,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ∇バヨ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥わル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and you cannot escape.) from Allah. Rat her, He is able t o resurrect you even aft er you become dust and bones. Cert ainly, Allah is able t o do all t hings and not hing ever escapes His power. Allah said;

∀モ͡ョゅ∠ハ ヴあルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ⇒∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ (Say: "O my people! Work according t o your way, surely, I t oo am working and you will come t o know.'') This cont ains a st ern warning and a sure promise, saying; remain on your way, if you t hink t hat you are right ly guided, for I will remain on mine. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ゅｚル͡ま ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ モ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ レ⊥ョ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ ∇ルや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤョ͡ ゅ∠ハ (And say t o t hose who do not believe: "Act according t o Makanat ikum, We are act ing (in our way). And you wait ! We (t oo) are wait ing.'') 11:121-122 . ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

び∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ぴ (according t o Makanat ikum...) means, your way.

Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ケ͡ やｚギャや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ リ∠ョ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ (And you will come t o know for which of us will be t he (happy) end in t he Hereaft er. Cert ainly t he wrongdoers will not be successful) 6:135 , You will come t o know if t he happy end will be mine (Muhammad's) or yours (t he disbelievers). Allah has indeed kept His promise and allowed Muhammad t o prevail in t he land and rise above t hose who defied him. He conquered Makkah for him and made him t riumphant over his people who rej ect ed and showed enmit y t owards him. The Prophet 's rule soon spread over t he Arabian Peninsula, Yemen and Bahrain, and all t his occurred during his lifet ime. Aft er his deat h, t he various lands and provinces were

conquered during t he t ime of his successors, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem all. Allah also said,

ン ｘ ヲ͡ ホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ͡ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ リ ｚ ら∠ ヤ͡∇ビΙ ∂ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ぴ び ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ (Allah has decreed: "Verily, it is I and My Messengers who shall be t he vict orious." Verily, Allah is All-Powerful, Almight y.) 58:21

り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠レャ∠ ゅｚル͡まぴ ∠リΒ͡ヨ͡ヤ⇒ｚヌャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ギ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇セΙ ｘ や ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや び ケ͡ やｚギャや ￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ∇バヤｚ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇バョ∠ (Verily, We will indeed make vict orious Our Messengers and t hose who believe in t his world's life and on t he Day when t he wit nesses will st and fort h. The Day when t heir excuses will be of no profit t o t he wrongdoers. Theirs will be t he curse, and t heirs will be t he evil abode.) 40:5152 and,

ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ミグあ ャや ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ケ͡ ヲ⊥よゴｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ン ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰを⊥ ゲ͡ Α∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや (And indeed We have writ t en in t he Zabur aft er t he Dhikr t hat My right eous servant s shall inherit t he land.) 21:105

ゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゐ ͡ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぺ∠ケ∠ ク∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ゅ∠レも͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ ゼ ⊥ ャ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ハゴ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ モ ⊥ダ ͡ Α∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ ゼ ⊥ ャ͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ べ∠シ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ モ ⊥ダ ͡ Α∠ (136. And t hey assign t o Allah a share of t he t ilt h and cat t le which He has creat ed, and t hey say: "This is for Allah," according t o t heir claim, "and t his is for our part ners." But t he share of

t heir "part ners" reaches not Allah, while t he share of Allah reaches t heir "part ners"! Evil is t he way t hey j udge!)

Some Acts of Shirk Allah chast ises and crit icizes t he idolat ors who invent ed innovat ions, Kufr and Shirk, and called on part ners and rivals wit h Allah among His creat ion, alt hough He creat ed every t hing, all praise is due t o Him. This is why Allah said,

びぺ∠ケ∠ ク∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey assign t o Allah from t hat which He has creat ed,)

びゐ ͡ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぴ (of t he t ilt h) meaning, fruit s and produce,

びゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や∠ヱぴ (and of t he cat t le a share) meaning a part and a sect ion.

びゅ∠レも͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ ゼ ⊥ ャ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ハゴ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ (and t hey say: "This is for Allah,'' according t o t heir claim, "and t his is for our part ners.'') Allah said next ,

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ モ ⊥ダ ͡ Α∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ ゼ ⊥ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ モ ⊥ダ ͡ Α∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ (But t he share of t heir "part ners" reaches not Allah, while t he share of Allah reaches t heir "part ners"!) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah and Al-` Awfi narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said; "When t hey, t he enemies of Allah, would cult ivat e t he land or collect produce, t hey would assign a part of it t o Allah and anot her part t o t he idol. They would keep t he share for t he idol, whet her land, produce or anyt hing else, and preserve it s division t o such an ext ent t hat t hey would collect anyt hing t hat accident ally falls from t he share t hey assigned t o Allah and add it t o t he share of t he idol. If t he wat er t hat t hey assigned for t he idol irrigat ed somet hing (a sect ion of land, for inst ance) t hat t hey assigned for Allah, t hey would add what ever t his wat er irrigat ed t o t he idol's share! If t he land or produce t hat t hey assigned for Allah was accident ally mixed wit h t he

share t hat t hey assigned for t he idol, t hey would say t hat t he idol is poor. Therefore, t hey would add it t o t he share t hey assigned for t he idol and would not ret urn it t o t he share t hey assigned for Allah. If t he wat er t hat t hey assigned for Allah irrigat ed what t hey assigned for t he idol t hey would leave it (t he produce) for t he idol. They also made some of t heir ot her propert y sacred, like t he Bahirah, Sa'ibah, Wasilah and Ham, assigning t hem t o t he idols, claiming t hat t hey do so as way of seeking a means of approach t o Allah. Allah said,

ュ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゐ ͡ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぺ∠ケ∠ ク∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲヤ⊥バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ (And t hey assign t o Allah a share of t he t ilt h and cat t le which He has creat ed...).'' Similar was said by Muj ahid, Qat adah, As-Suddi and ot hers. ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam comment ed; "Every t ype of slaught er t hat t hey would assign for Allah, would never be eat en unless t hey ment ioned t he names of t heir idols when slaught ering it . Yet for what t hey sacrificed in t he names of t he idols, t hey would not ment ion Allah's Name when slaught ering it .'' He t hen recit ed t he Ayah (6:136) unt il he reached,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ べ∠シぴ (Evil is t he way t hey j udge!) This Ayah means, evil is t hat which t hey det ermined, for t hey commit t ed error in t he division. Cert ainly, Allah is t he Lord, Owner and Creat or of all t hings and His is t he dominion. All t hings are His propert y and under His supreme cont rol, will and decree. There is no deit y wort hy of worship, or Lord, except Him. And even when t he polyt heist s made t his evil division, t hey did not preserve it , but cheat ed in it . Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レら∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∇イ∠Α∠ヱぴ (And t hey assign daught ers unt o Allah -- glory be t o Him -- and unt o t hemselves what t hey desire.) 16:57 , and

ケ∀ ヲ⊥ヘム∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジルΗや ラ ｚ ま͡ や⇔￢∇ゴィ ⊥ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ (Yet , t hey assign t o some of His servant s a share wit h Him. Verily, man is indeed a manifest ingrat e!) 43:15 , and,

ン∠ゴΒ͡ッ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ジホ͡ や⇔ク͡ま マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ - ヴ∠んルｙΙや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ミ∠ ｚグャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び (Is it for you t he males and for Him t he females That indeed is a division most unfair!) 53:2122 .

∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇わホ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゲ∃ Β͡んム∠ ャ͡ リ ∠ Αｚ コ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ジら͡ ∇ヤΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥キ∇ゲΒ⊥ ャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ (137. And so t o many of t he idolat ors, t heir "part ners" have made fair seeming t he killing of t heir children, in order t o lead t hem t o t heir own dest ruct ion and cause confusion in t heir religion. And if Allah had willed, t hey would not have done so. So leave t hem alone wit h t heir fabricat ions.)

Shaytan Lured the Idolators to Kill Their Children Allah says, j ust as t he Shayat in lured t he idolat ors t o assign a share for Allah from what He creat ed of agricult ure and cat t le - and a share for t he idols, t hey also made it seem fair for t hem t o kill t heir children, for fear of povert y, and burying t heir daught ers alive, for fear of dishonor. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he comment ed;

∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇わホ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゲ∃ Β͡んム∠ ャ͡ リ ∠ Αｚ コ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユワ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ (And so t o many of t he idolat ors, t heir "part ners" have made fair seeming t he killing of t heir children...) "They make killing t heir children at t ract ive t o t hem.'' Muj ahid said, "Idolat ors' part ners among t he devils ordered t hem t o bury t heir children for fear of povert y.'' As-Suddi said, "The devils commanded t hem t o kill t heir daught ers so t hat t hey,

び∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥キ∇ゲΒ⊥ ャ͡ぴ (lead t hem t o t heir own dest ruct ion), and t o,

び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ジ͡ら∇ヤ∠Β͡ャ∠ヱぴ

(cause confusion in t heir religion.)'' Allah said,

びロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And if Allah had willed, t hey would not have done so.) meaning, all t his occurred by Allah's leave, will and decree, but He dislikes t hese pract ices, and He has t he perfect wisdom in every decree. He is never quest ioned about what He does, but t hey all will be quest ioned.

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So leave t hem alone wit h t heir fabricat ions.) meaning, avoid and abandon t hem and what t hey do, for Allah will j udge bet ween you and t hem.

Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰヨ⊥ ∠バ∇ト∠Α Ι ｚ ∀ゲ∇イ͡ェ ゐ ∀ ∇ゲェ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠バ∇ルぺ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ワケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ∇ろョ∠ ゲあ ェ ⊥ ∀ユ⇒∠バ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ハゴ∠ よ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼルｚ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ゲわ͡ ∇プや ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ∠ ∇シや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ Ι ｚ ∀ユ⇒∠バ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユヰ͡ Α͡ゴ∇イΒ∠ シ ∠ (138. And according t o t heir claim, t hey say t hat such and such cat t le and crops are Hij r (forbidden), and none should eat of t hem except t hose whom we allow. And (t hey say) t here are cat t le forbidden t o be used for burden, and cat t le on which (at slaught ering) t he Name of Allah is not pronounced; lying against Him (Allah). He will recompense t hem for what t hey used t o fabricat e.)

The Idolators Forbade Certain Types of Cattle ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Hij r refers t o what t hey forbade, such as t he Wasilah, and t he like.'' Similar was said by Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak, As-Suddi, Qat adah, ` AbdurRahman bin Zayd bin Aslam and ot hers. Qat adah comment ed on,

び∀ゲ∇イ͡ェ ゐ ∀ ∇ゲェ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠バ∇ルぺ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (They say t hat such and such cat t le and crops are Hij r,) "It is a prohibit ion t hat t he Shayat in appoint ed for t heir wealt h, and a t ype of exaggerat ion and ext remism t hat did not come from Allah.'' ` Abdur-Rahman Ibn Zayd bin Aslam said t hat , d

びゲ∃ ∇イェ ͡ぴ (Hij r,) refers t o what t he idolat ors designat ed for t heir deit ies. As-Suddi said t hat t he Ayah,

び∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ハゴ∠ よ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼルｚ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰヨ⊥ ∠バ∇ト∠Α Ι ｚぴ (And none should eat of t hem except t hose whom we allow, t hey claimed...) means, "They said, only t hose whom we choose can eat of t hem., and t he rest are prohibit ed from eat ing t hem.'' Similar t o t his honorable Ayah, Allah said,

∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ベ ∃ ∇コケあ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べｚョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャへ∠￢ ∇モホ⊥ Ι ⇔Κ ∠ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ョや∠ゲェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ (Say: "Tell me, what provision Allah has sent down t o you! And you have made of it lawful and unlawful." Say: "Has Allah permit t ed you (t o do so), or do you invent a lie against Allah") 10:59 , and,

る∃ ヤ∠Β͡タヱ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ ら∠ も͡ べ∠シ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ Βエ ͡ よ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ュ∃ ゅ∠ェ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや (Allah has not inst it ut ed t hings like Bahirah or a Sa'ibah or a Wasilah or a Ham. But t hose who disbelieve invent lies against Allah, and most of t hem have no underst anding.) 5:103 As-Suddi said t hat cat t le forbidden t o be used for burden were t he Bahirah, Sa'ibah, Wasilah and Ham, as well as cat t le for which t he idolat ors did not ment ion Allah's Name when slaught ering t hem nor when t hey were born. Abu Bakr bin ` Ayyash said t hat ` Asim bin Abi An-Naj ud said, "Abu Wa'il said t o me, ` Do you know t he meaning of t he Ayah,

ユ∠ ∇シや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ Ι ｚ ∀ユ⇒∠バ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ∇ろョ∠ ゲあ ェ ⊥ ∀ユ⇒∠バ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (And (t hey say) t here are cat t le forbidden t o be used for burden, and cat t le on which t he Name of Allah is not pronounced.) I said, ` No.' He said, ` It is t he Bahirah, which t hey would not use

t o for Haj j (eit her by riding it or carrying t hings on it ).''' Muj ahid also said t hat t hey were some of t he camels belonging t o idolat ors on which Allah's Name was not ment ioned when riding, milking, carrying t hings, copulat ion or any ot her act ion.

びヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ゲわ͡ ∇プやぴ (lying against Him.) against Allah. The idolat ors indeed lied when t hey at t ribut ed t his evil t o Allah's religion and Law; He did not allow t hem t o do t hat nor did He approve of it ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ͡ヰΑ͡ゴ∇イΒ∠ シ ∠ぴ (He will recompense t hem for what t hey used t o fabricat e.) against Him, and falsely at t ribut e t o Him.

る∀ ダ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠カ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΕ ∠ や ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ る⇔ わ∠ ∇Βョｚ リ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ∠レィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ュ∀ ゲｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルケ͡ ヲ⊥ミグ⊥ あャ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇タヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ゴ∇イΒ∠ シ ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ (139. And t hey say: "What is in t he bellies of such and such cat t le is for our males alone, and forbidden t o our females, but if it is born dead, t hen all have shares t herein." He will punish t hem for t heir at t ribut ion (of such false orders t o Allah). Verily, He is All-Wise, All-Knower.) Abu Ishaq As-Subay` i narrat ed t hat ` Abdullah bin Abi Al-Hudhayl report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

る∀ ダ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠カ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΕ ∠ や ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ルケ͡ ヲ⊥ミグ⊥ あャ (And t hey say: "What is in t he bellies of such and such cat t le is for our males alone...") refers t o milk. ` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about t his Ayah,

る∀ ダ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠カ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΕ ∠ や ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ルケ͡ ヲ⊥ミグ⊥ あャ (And t hey say: "What is in t he bellies of such and such cat t le is for our males alone...") "It is about milk, which t hey prohibit ed for t heir females and allowed only t heir males t o drink. When a sheep would give birt h t o a male sheep, t hey would slaught er it and feed it t o t heir

males, but not t o t heir females. If t he newly born lamb was a female, t hey would not slaught er it , but if it was st illborn, t hey would share in it (wit h t heir females)! Allah forbade t his pract ice.'' Similar was said by As-Suddi. Ash-Sha` bi said, "The Bahirah's milk was only given t o t he men. But if any cat t le from t he Bahirah died, bot h men and women would share in eat ing it .'' Similar was said by ` Ikrimah, Qat adah and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam. Muj ahid comment ed;

る∀ ダ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠カ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΕ ∠ や ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠レィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ュ∀ ゲｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルケ͡ ヲ⊥ミグ⊥ あャ (And t hey say: "What is in t he bellies of such and such cat t le is for our males alone, and forbidden t o our females...'') "It refers t o t he Sa'ibah and t he Bahirah.'' Abu Al-` Aliyah, Muj ahid and Qat adah said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇タヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ゴ∇イΒ∠ シ ∠ぴ (He will punish t hem for t heir at t ribut ion. ) means, ut t ering such falsehood. This is explained by Allah's st at ement ,

∀モ⇒∠ヤェ ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ わ⊥ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ブ ⊥ ダ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ ャあ ∀ュや∠ゲ∠ェ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ (And say not concerning t hat which your t ongues falsely ut t er: "This is lawful and t his is forbidden." so as t o invent lies against Allah. Verily, t hose who invent lies against Allah will never prosper.) 16:116 Allah said,

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, He is All-Wise.) in His act ions, st at ement s, Law and decree,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハぴ (All-Knower), in t he act ions of His servant s, whet her good or evil, and He will recompense t hem for t hese deeds complet ely.

ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ゅ⇔ヰ∠ヘシ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ホ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ジ ͡カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ゲわ͡ ∇プや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ョゲｚ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇ヰョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ (140. Indeed lost are t hey who have killed t heir children, foolishly, wit hout knowledge, and (t hey) have forbidden t hat which Allah has provided for t hem, invent ing a lie against Allah. They have indeed gone ast ray and were not guided.)

Allah says that those who committed these evil acts have earned the loss of this life and the Hereafter. As for t his life, t hey lost when t hey killed t heir children and made it difficult for t hemselves by prohibit ing some t ypes of t heir wealt h, as an act of innovat ion t hat t hey invent ed on t heir own. As for t he Hereaft er, t hey will end up in t he worst dwellings, because t hey used t o lie about Allah and invent falsehood about Him. Allah also said,

Ι ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ギ∠ Α͡ギゼ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ボ⊥ Α͡グル⊥ (Say: "Verily, t hose who invent a lie against Allah will never be successful." (A brief) enj oyment in t his world! And t hen unt o Us will be t heir ret urn, t hen We shall make t hem t ast e t he severest t orment because t hey used t o disbelieve.) 10:69-70 Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr bin Marduwyah recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "If it pleases you t o know how ignorant t he Arabs used t o be, t hen recit e t he Ayat beyond Ayah one hundred and t hirt y in Surat Al-An` am,

ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ゅ⇔ヰ∠ヘシ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ホ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ジ ͡カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ゲわ͡ ∇プや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ョゲｚ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇ヰョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ (Indeed lost are t hey who have killed t heir children, foolishly, wit hout knowledge, and t hey have forbidden t hat which Allah has provided for t hem, invent ing a lie against Allah. They have indeed gone ast ray and were not guided.)'' Al-Bukhari also recorded t his in t he sect ion of his Sahih on t he virt ues of t he Quraysh.

ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠セヱ⊥ゲ∇バョｚ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ミ⊥ ぺ⊥ ゅ⇔ヘ͡ヤ∠わ∇ガョ⊥ ネ ∠ ∇ケゴｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇ガレｚ ャや∠ヱ ろ ∃ ⇒∠セヱ⊥ゲ∇バョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ヮ∃ ら͡ ⇒∠ゼわ∠ ョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ͡ら⇒∠ゼわ∠ ョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅｚョゲぁ ャや∠ヱ ∠ラヲ⊥わ∇Αゴｚ ャや∠ヱ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠ダェ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚボェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇をぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ を∠ リ͡ョ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΕ ∠や リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡プゲ͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇やヲ⊥プ͡ゲ∇ジゎ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ゅ⇔セ∇ゲプ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ャ∠ヲ⊥ヨェ ∠ び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや れ ͡ ヲ∠ ト ⊥カ ⊥ (141. And it is He Who produces gardens Ma` rushat and not Ma` rushat , and dat e palms, and crops of different shape and t ast e, and olives, and pomegranat es, similar, and different . Eat of t heir fruit when t hey ripen, but pay t he due t hereof on t he day of t heir harvest , and wast e not by ext ravagance. Verily, He likes not t he wast eful.) (142. And of t he cat t le (are some) for burden and (some smaller) for Farsh. Eat of what Allah has provided for you, and follow not t he foot st eps of Shayt an. Surely, he is t o you an open enemy.)

Allah Created the Produce, Seed Grains and Cattle Allah st at es t hat He creat ed everyt hing, including t he produce, fruit s and cat t le t hat t he idolat ors mishandled by t heir misguided ideas, dividing t hem int o various designat ed part s, allowing some and prohibit ing some. Allah said,

ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠セヱ⊥ゲ∇バョｚ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びろ ∃ ⇒∠セヱ⊥ゲ∇バョ∠ (And it is He Who produces gardens Ma` rushat and not Ma` rushat ,) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "Ma` rushat refers t o what t he people t rellise, while ` not Ma` rushat ' refers t o fruit s (and produce) t hat grow wild inland and on mount ains.'' ` At a' AlKhurasani said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Ma` rushat are t he grapevines t hat are t rellised, while ` not Ma` rushat ' refers t o grapevines t hat are not t rellised.'' As-Suddi said similarly. As for t hese fruit s being similar, yet different , Ibn Jurayj said, "They are similar in shape, but different in t ast e.'' Muhammad bin Ka` b said t hat t he Ayah,

びゲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇をぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ を∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ぴ (Eat of t heir fruit when t hey ripen,) means, "(Eat ) from t he dat es and grapes t hey produce.'' Allah said next ,

びロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠ダェ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚボェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱぴ (but pay t he due t hereof on t he day of t heir harvest , ) Muj ahid comment ed, "When t he poor people are present (on t he day of harvest ), give t hem some of t he produce.'' ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Muj ahid comment ed on t he Ayah,

びロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠ダェ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚボェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱぴ (but pay t he due t hereof on t he day of t heir harvest .) "When plant ing, one gives away handfuls (of seed grains) and on harvest , he gives away handfuls and allows t hem t o pick what ever is left on t he ground of t he harvest .'' At h-Thawri said t hat Hammad narrat ed t hat Ibrahim AnNakha` i said, "One gives away some of t he hay.'' Ibn Al-Mubarak said t hat Shurayk said t hat Salim said t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr comment ed;

びロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠ダ∠ェ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚボェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱぴ (but pay t he due t hereof on t he day of t heir harvest ,) "This ruling, giving t he poor t he handfuls (of seed grains) and some of t he hay as food for t heir animals, was before Zakah became obligat ory.'' Allah has chast ised t hose who harvest , wit hout giving away a part of it as charit y. Allah ment ioned t he st ory of t he owners of t he garden in Surat Nun,

∇やヲ⊥ヨジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇クま͡ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ べ∠ル∇ヲヤ∠よ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ヲヤ∠よ∠ ゅｚル͡まぴ フ ∠ ゅ∠トプ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥レ∇ん∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡エら͡ ∇ダョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ョ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ダΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ろエ ∠ ら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨも͡ べ∠ル ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∀ブも͡ べ∠デ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∇ビや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡エら͡ ∇ダョ⊥ ∇や∇ヱキ∠ ゅ∠レわ∠ プ∠ - ユ͡ Α͡ゲダ ｚ ャゅ∠ミ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∠ヤ∠トルゅ∠プ - リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ を͡ ∇ゲェ ∠ - ∀リΒ͡ム∇ジョあ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰレｚ ヤ∠カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わヘ∠ ⇒∠ガわ∠ Α∠

ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ワ∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ケギ͡ ⇒∠ホ キ∃ ∇ゲェ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇や∇ヱギ∠ ビ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ト ⊥シ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョヱ⊥ゲ∇エョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇モよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁャべ∠ツャ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠レよあ ケ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エらあ ジ ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∇モホ⊥ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョヲ∠ ⇒∠ヤわ∠ Α∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ホほ∠プ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ゅ∠レャ∠ギ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ピ⇒∠デ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠レ∠ヤ∇Α∠ヲΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らビ ͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べｚル͡ま べ∠ヰ∇レョあ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやゆ ⊥ や∠グ∠バ∠ャ∠ヱ (When t hey swore t o pluck t he fruit s of t he (garden) in t he morning. Wit hout saying: "If Allah wills." Then t here passed by on t he (garden) a visit at ion (fire) from your Lord at night , burning it while t hey were asleep. So t he (garden) became black by t he morning, like a pit ch dark night (in complet e ruins). Then t hey called out one t o anot her as soon as t he morning broke. Saying: "Go t o your t ilt h in t he morning, if you would pluck t he fruit s." So t hey depart ed, conversing in secret low t ones (saying). "No poor person shall ent er upon you int o it t oday." And t hey went in t he morning wit h st rong int ent ion, t hinking t hat t hey have power (t o prevent t he poor t aking anyt hing of t he fruit s t herefrom). But when t hey saw t he (garden), t hey said: "Verily, we have gone ast ray." (Then t hey said): "Nay! Indeed we are deprived of (t he fruit s)!" The best among t hem said: "Did I not t ell you, why say you not : ` If Allah wills'." They said: "Glory t o Our Lord! Verily, we have been wrongdoers.'' Then t hey t urned one against anot her, blaming. They said: "Woe t o us! We have t ransgressed. We hope t hat our Lord will give us in exchange a bet t er (garden) t han t his. Truly, we t urn t o our Lord." Such is t he punishment (in t his life), but t ruly, t he punishment of t he Hereaft er is great er if t hey but knew.) 68:18-33 .

Prohibiting Extravagance Allah said,

びリ ∠ Β͡プゲ͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇ジゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And wast e not by ext ravagance. Verily, He likes not t he wast eful.) It was said t hat t he ext ravagance prohibit ed here refers t o excessive charit y beyond normal amount s. Ibn Jurayj said, "This Ayah was revealed concerning Thabit bin Qays bin Shammas, who plucked t he fruit s of his dat e palms. Then he said t o himself, ` This day, every person who comes t o me, I will feed him from it .' So he kept feeding (t hem) unt il t he evening came and he ended up wit h no dat es. Allah sent down,

びリ ∠ Β͡プゲ͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇ジゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And wast e not by ext ravagance. Verily, He likes not t he wast eful.)'' Ibn Jarir recorded t his st at ement from Ibn Jurayj . However, t hhe apparent meaning of t his Ayah, and Allah knows best , is t hat ;

ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠ダェ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚボェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇をぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ を∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ぴ び∇やヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇ジゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ (Eat of t heir fruit when t hey ripen, but pay t he due t hereof on t he day of t heir harvest , and wast e not ...) refers t o eat ing, meaning, do not wast e in eat ing because t his spoils t he mind and t he body. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び∇やヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇ジゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ヱぴ (And eat and drink but wast e not by ext ravagance.) 7: 31 In his Sahih, Al-Bukhari recorded a Hadit h wit hout a chain of narrat ion; a

ゅ∠ャヱ∠ フ ∃ や∠ゲ∇シま͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ やヲ⊥ジら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ » «る∠ヤΒ͡ガョ∠ (Eat , drink and clot he yourselves wit hout ext ravagance or arrogance.) Therefore, t hese Ayat have t he same meaning as t his Hadit h. and Allah knows best .

Benefits of Cattle Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔セ∇ゲプ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ャ∠ヲ⊥ヨェ ∠ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΕ ∠ やリ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And of t he cat t le (are some) for burden and (some smaller) for Farsh.) means, He creat ed cat t le for you, some of which are suit able for burden, such as camels, and some are Farsh. At hThawri narrat ed t hat Abu Ishaq said t hat Abu Al-Ahwas said t hat ` Abdullah said t hat ` animals for burden' are t he camels t hat are used for carrying t hings, while, ` Farsh', refers t o small camels. Al-Hakim recorded it and said, "It s chain is Sahih and t hey did not record it .'' ` AbdurRahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said t hat ` animals for burden' refers t o t he animals t hat people ride, while, ` Farsh' is t hat t hey eat (it s meat ) and milk it . The sheep is not able t o carry t hings, so you eat it s meat and use it s wool for covers and mat s (or clot hes). This st at ement of ` AbdurRahman is sound, and t he following Ayat t est ify t o it ,

ゅ⇔ヨ⇒バ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠レΑ͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ミケ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤャｚク∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムヤ͡⇒∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ (Do t hey not see t hat We have creat ed for t hem of what Our Hands have creat ed, t he cat t le, so t hat t hey are t heir owners. And We have subdued t hem unt o t hem so t hat some of t hem t hey have for riding and some t hey eat .) 36:71-72 , and,

ヴ͡プ ゅｚヨョあ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ボ∇ジルぁ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇らバ͡ ャ∠ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ⇔ピも͡ べ∠シ ゅ⇔ダャ͡ゅ∠カ ゅ⇔レら∠ ャｚ ュ∃ キ∠ ヱ∠ ゐ ∃ ∇ゲプ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ び ∠リΒ͡よ͡ケゅｚゼヤ͡ャ (And verily, in t he cat t le, t here is a lesson for you. We give you t o drink of t hat which is in t heir bellies, from bet ween excret ions and blood, pure milk; palat able t o t he drinkers.) 16:66 , unt il,

ゅ⇔バ⇒∠わョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ん⇒∠をぺ∠ べ∠ワケ͡ ゅ∠バ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワケ͡ ゅ∠よ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰプ͡ や∠ヲ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∃ Β͡ェ ヴ∠ャま͡ (And of t heir wool, fur and hair, furnishings and art icles of convenience, comfort for a while.) 16:80 .

Eat the Meat of These Cattle, But Do Not Follow Shaytan's Law Concerning Them Allah said,

びヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ぴ (Eat of what Allah has provided for you,) of fruit s, produce and cat t le. Allah creat ed all t hese and provided you wit h t hem as provision.

びリ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや れ ͡ ヲ∠ ト ⊥カ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and follow not t he foot st eps of Shayt an.) meaning, his way and orders, j ust as t he idolat ors followed him and prohibit ed fruit s and produce t hat Allah provided for t hem, claiming t hat t his falsehood came from Allah.

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Surely, he is t o you) meaning; Shayt an, O people, is t o you,

び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ぴ (an open enemy) and his enmit y t o you is clear and apparent . Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ や⇔ヱ∂ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グガ ͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ゲ͡ Β͡バジ ｚ ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ∇ゴェ ͡ (Surely, Shayt an is an enemy t o you, so t ake (t reat ) him as an enemy. He only invit es his Hizb (followers) t hat t hey may become t he dwellers of t he blazing Fire. ) 35:6 and,

ユ⊥ム∇Αヲ∠ よ∠ ぺ∠ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ べ∠ヨミ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ レｚ レ∠ わ͡ ∇ヘΑ∠ Ι ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ ヴ͡レら∠ ⇒∠Αぴ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ Α∠ ゲ͡ Β⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ シ ∠ ゅ∠らャ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ネ ⊥ ゴ͡ レ∠Α る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ びべ∠ヨヰ͡ ゎ͡ ￢∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ (O Children of Adam! Let not Shayt an deceive you, as he got your parent s out of Paradise, st ripping t hem of t heir raiment , t o show t hem t heir privat e part s.) 7:27 and,

∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ｚΑあケク⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ わ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びΙ ⇔ ギ∠ よ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャ ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ (Will you t hen t ake him (Iblis) and his offspring as prot ect ors and helpers rat her t han Me while t hey are enemies t o you What an evil is t he exchange for t he wrongdoers.) 18:50 There are many ot her Ayat on t his subj ect .

リ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇をや ゴ͡ ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇をや ラ ͡ ∇ほツ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ァ ∃ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ る∠ Β∠ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨを∠ ぴ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ∠ わ∠ ∇セや ゅｚョぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇ΒΒ∠ ん∠ ル⊥Εや ュ͡ ぺ∠ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ リ ͡ ∇Αゲ∠ ミ∠ グｚ ャへ∠￢ ∇モホ⊥ -リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ユ∃ ∇ヤバ͡ よ͡ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥ゃらあ ル∠ リ ͡ ∇ΒΒ∠ ん∠ ル⊥Εや ュ⊥ ゅ∠ェ∇ケぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Αゲ∠ ミ∠ グｚ ャへ∠￢ ∇モホ⊥ リ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇をや ゲ͡ ボ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇をや モ ͡ よ͡ Η ͡やリ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ェ∇ケぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ∠ わ∠ ∇セや ゅｚョ∠ぺ リ ͡ ∇ΒΒ∠ ん∠ ∇ルΕ ⊥ や ュ͡ ぺ∠ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ⇒ｚタヱ∠ ∇クま͡ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ュぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇ΒΒ∠ ん∠ ∇ルΕ ⊥や サ ∠ ゅｚレャや モ ｚツ ͡ Β⊥ ャ͡ ゅ⇔よグ͡ ミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや リ ͡ ヨｚ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヵ͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ (143. Eight pairs: of t he sheep t wo (male and female), and of t he goat s t wo (male and female). Say: "Has He forbidden t he t wo males or t he t wo females, or (t he young) which t he wombs of t he t wo females enclose Inform me wit h knowledge if you are t rut hful. ") (144. And of t he camels t wo, and of oxen t wo. Say: "Has He forbidden t he t wo males or t he t wo females or (t he young) which t he wombs of t he t wo females enclose Or were you present when Allah ordered you such a t hing Then who does more wrong t han one who invent s a lie against Allah, t o lead mankind ast ray wit hout knowledge. Cert ainly Allah guides not t he people who are wrongdoers.")

These Ayat demonstrate the ignorance of the Arabs before Islam. They used t o prohibit t he usage of some of t heir cat t le and designat e t hem as Bahirah, Sa'ibah, Wasilah and Ham et c. These were some of t he innovat ions t hey invent ed for cat t le, fruit s and produce. Allah st at ed t hat He has creat ed gardens, t rellised and unt rellised, and cat t le, as animals of burden and as Farsh. Allah next ment ioned various kinds of cat t le, male and female, such as sheep and goat s. He also creat ed male and female camels and t he same wit h cows. Allah did not prohibit any of t hese cat t le or t heir offspring. Rat her, t hey all were creat ed for t he sons of Adam as a source for food, t ransport at ion, work, milk, and ot her benefit s, which are many. Allah said,

びァ ∃ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ る∠ Β∠ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨを∠ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And He has sent down for you of cat t le eight pairs...) 39:6 Allah said;

びリ ͡ ∇ΒΒ∠ ん∠ ル⊥Εや ュ⊥ ゅ∠ェ∇ケぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ∠ わ∠ ∇セや ゅｚョぺ∠ぴ (...or (t he young) which t he wombs of t he t wo females enclose...) This refut es t he idolat ors' st at ement ,

ゅ∠ルケ͡ ヲ⊥ミグ⊥ あャ る∀ ダ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠カ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΕ ∠ や ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョぴ びゅ∠レィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ュ∀ ゲｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ (What is in t he bellies of such and such cat t le is for our males alone, and forbidden t o our females.) 6:139 Allah said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ユ∃ ∇ヤバ͡ よ͡ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥ゃらあ ル∠ ぴ (Inform me wit h knowledge if you are t rut hful.) meaning, t ell me wit h sure knowledge, how and when did Allah prohibit what you claimed is prohibit ed, such as t he Bahirah, Sa'ibah, Wasilah and Ham et c. Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Allah's st at ement ,

ゴ͡ ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇をや ラ ͡ ∇ほツ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ァ ∃ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ る∠ Β∠ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨを∠ ぴ びリ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇をや (Eight pairs: of t he sheep t wo, and of t he goat s t wo...) t hese are four pairs,

びリ ͡ ∇ΒΒ∠ ん∠ ル⊥Εや ュ͡ ぺ∠ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ リ ͡ ∇Αゲ∠ ミ∠ グｚ ャへ∠￢ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Has He forbidden t he t wo males or t he t wo females...'') I (Allah) did not prohibit any of t hese.

びリ ͡ ∇ΒΒ∠ ん∠ ル⊥Εや ュ⊥ ゅ∠ェ∇ケぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ∠ わ∠ ∇セや ゅｚョぺ∠ぴ (or (t he young) which t he wombs of t he t wo females enclose) and does t he womb produce but males and females So why do you prohibit some and allow some ot hers

びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ユ∃ ∇ヤバ͡ よ͡ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥ゃらあ ル∠ ぴ

(Inform me wit h knowledge if you are t rut hful. ) Allah is saying t hat all of t his is allowed.'' Allah said,

びや∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ⇒ｚタヱ∠ ∇クま͡ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or, were you present when Allah ordered you such a t hing) mocking t he idolat ors' innovat ions, and t heir lies t hat Allah made sacred what t hey have prohibit ed.

モ ｚツ ͡ Β⊥ ャ͡ ゅ⇔よグ͡ ミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや リ ͡ ヨｚ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ びユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや (Then who does more wrong t han one who invent s a lie against Allah, t o lead mankind ast ray wit hout knowledge.) Therefore, no one is more unj ust t han t he people described here and

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Cert ainly, Allah guides not t he people who are wrongdoers.) The person most wort hy of t his condemnat ion is ` Amr bin Luhay bin Qum` ah. He was t he first person t o change t he religion of t he Prophet s and designat e t he Sa'ibah, Wasilah and Ham, as ment ioned in t he Sahih.

ユ∃ ハ ͡ ゅ∠デ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔ョゲｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ∇ヱぺ⊥ べ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ギ⊥ ィ ͡ ぺ∠ Ι ∠ モ⊥ホぴ ユ∠ ∇エャ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ヘ∇ジョｚ ゅ⇔ョキ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ わ∠ ∇Βョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ バ∠ ∇トΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ャ͡ ｚモワ͡ ぺ⊥ ゅ⇔ボ∇ジプ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀ザ∇ィ͡ケ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ゲ∃ Α͡ゴレ͡カ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ キ∃ ゅ∠ハ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ パ ∃ ゅ∠よ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ｚゲト ⊥ ∇ッや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ (145. Say: "I find not in t hat which has been revealed t o me anyt hing forbidden t o be eat en by one who wishes t o eat it , unless it be Mayt ah (a dead animal) or blood poured fort h, or t he flesh of swine; for t hat surely, is unclean (Rij s), or immorally slaught ered in t he name of ot her t han Allah. But whosoever is forced by necessit y wit hout willful disobedience, nor t ransgressing due limit s; (for him) cert ainly, your Lord is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.")

Forbidden Things Allah commands His servant and Messenger, Muhammad ,

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say) O Muhammad t o t hose who prohibit ed what Allah has provided t hem, claiming t his falsehood t o be from Allah,

ユ∃ ハ ͡ ゅ∠デ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔ョゲｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ∇ヱぺ⊥ べ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ギ⊥ ィ ͡ ぺ∠ Ι ∠ぴ びヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ バ∠ ∇トΑ∠ (I find not in t hat which has been revealed t o me anyt hing forbidden t o be eat en by one who wishes t o eat it ,) This Ayah means, I do not find any animals t hat are prohibit ed, except t hese ment ioned here. We should ment ion here t hat t he prohibit ed t hings ment ioned in Surat AlMa'idah and t he Hadit hs on t his subj ect amend t he meaning of t his Ayah.

びゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ヘ∇ジョｚ ゅ⇔ョキ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or blood poured.) Qat adah comment ed, "Poured blood was prohibit ed, but t he meat t hat st ill has some blood in it is allowed.'' Al-Humaydi said t hat Sufyan narrat ed t o us t hat ` Amr bin Dinar narrat ed t o us, "I said t o Jabir bin ` Abdullah, ` They claim t hat t he Messenger of Allah prohibit ed t he meat of donkeys during (t he day of) Khaybar.' He said, ` Al-Hakam bin ` Amr narrat ed t hat from t he Messenger of Allah . That scholar - refering t o Ibn ` Abbas - denied it , recit ing t he Ayah;

ユ∃ ハ ͡ ゅ∠デ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔ョゲｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ∇ヱぺ⊥ べ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ギ⊥ ィ ͡ ぺ∠ Ι ∠ モ⊥ホぴ びヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ バ∠ ∇トΑ∠ (Say: "I find not in t hat which has been revealed t o me anyt hing forbidden t o be eat en by one who wishes t o eat it ...")''' Al-Bukhari and Abu Dawud collect ed it . Abu Bakr bin Marduwyah and Al-Hakim, in his Must adrak, recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, t he people used t o eat some t hings and avoid some ot her t hings, because t hey disliked t hem. Lat er on, Allah sent His Prophet , revealed His Book, allowed what He allowed, and prohibit ed what He prohibit ed. Therefore, what ever Allah allowed is lawful and what ever He prohibit ed is unlawful. What ever He did not ment ion, t here is no sin in it .'' He t hen recit ed t he Ayah,

ユ∃ ハ ͡ ゅ∠デ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔ョゲｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ∇ヱぺ⊥ べ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ギ⊥ ィ ͡ ぺ∠ Ι ∠ モ⊥ホぴ びヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ バ∠ ∇トΑ∠ (Say: "I find not in t hat which has been revealed t o me anyt hing forbidden t o be eat en by one who wishes t o eat it ...") This is t he wording wit h Ibn Marduwyah. Abu Dawud also recorded t his

st at ement , and Al-Hakim said, "It s chain is Sahih and t hey did not record it .'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "A sheep belonging t o Sawdah bint Zam` ah died and she said, ` O Allah's Messenger! So-and-so (sheep) has died.' He said,

«∨ゅ∠ヰム∠ ∇ジョ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ ユ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ » (Why did you not use it s skin) She said, ` Should we use t he skin of a sheep t hat has died' Allah's Messenger said,

:ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡» ユ∃ ハ ͡ ゅ∠デ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔ョゲｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ∇ヱぺ⊥ べ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ギ⊥ ィ ͡ ぺ∠ Ι ∠ モ⊥ホぴ ユ∠ ∇エャ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ヘ∇ジョｚ ゅ⇔ョキ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ わ∠ ∇Βョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ バ∠ ∇トΑ∠ びゲ∃ Α͡ゴレ͡カ «ヮ͡よ やヲ⊥バヘ͡ わ∠ ∇レわ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ピよ∠ ∇ギゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヨバ∠ ∇トゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ (Allah only said, (Say: "I find not in t hat which has been revealed t o me anyt hing forbidden t o be eat en by one who wishes t o eat it , except Mayt ah (a dead animal) or blood poured fort h, or t he flesh of swine....) You will not be eat ing it if you t an it s skin and benefit from it .) So she had t he sheep skinned, t he skin was t anned and made int o a wat er skin t hat she kept unt il it wore out .'' Al-Bukhari and an-Nasa'i collect ed a similar Hadit h. Allah said,

びキ∃ ゅ∠ハ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ パ ∃ ゅ∠よ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ｚゲト ⊥ ∇ッや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (But whosoever is forced by necessit y wit hout willful disobedience, nor t ransgressing due limit s;) Therefore, whoever is forced by necessit y t o eat anyt hing t hat Allah has forbidden in t his honorable Ayah, wit hout t ransgressing his limit s, t hen for him,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (cert ainly, your Lord is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) We ment ioned t he explanat ion of t his Ayah in Surat Al-Baqarah. This honorable Ayah cont radict s t he idolat ors' innovat ed prohibit ions for cert ain kinds of wealt h, relying merely on t heir misguided ideas, such as t he Bahirah, Sa'ibah, Wasilah and Ham. Allah commanded His Messenger t o inform t hem t hat he does not find t hat such t ypes of animals are prohibit ed in what Allah revealed t o him. In t his Ayah, Allah only prohibit ed dead animals, poured blood, t he flesh of swine and what has been slaught ered

for somet hing ot her t han Allah. Ot her t hings were not prohibit ed here, but rat her t reat ed as t hat which does not have a ruling, i.e., permissible. Therefore, how do you -- idolat ors -- claim t hat such it ems are prohibit ed, and why did you prohibit t hem when Allah did not prohibit t hem

リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ヘ⊥ ニ ⊥ ン͡ク ｚモミ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲｚ ェ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ ョ∠ ヲ⊥エセ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲｚ ェ ∠ ユ͡ レ∠ ピ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ボ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ユ∃ ∇ヌバ∠ よ͡ テ ∠ ヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや ゅ∠ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠Αや∠ヲエ ∠ ∇ャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ∠ ェ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホギ͡ ⇒∠ダャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ ∇ピら∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇Αゴ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ (146. And unt o t hose who are Jews, We forbade every (animal) wit h undivided hoof, and We forbade t hem t he fat of t he ox and t he sheep except what adheres t o t heir backs or t heir Hawaya, or is mixed up wit h a bone. Thus We recompensed t hem for t heir rebellion. And verily, We are Trut hful.)

Foods that were Prohibited for the Jews Because of their Transgression Allah says, We forbade for t he Jews every bird and animal wit h undivided hoof, such as t he camel, ost rich, duck and goose. Allah said here,

びべ∠ヨヰ⊥ ョ∠ ヲ⊥エセ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲｚ ェ ∠ ユ͡ レ∠ ピ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ボ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We forbade t hem t he fat of t he ox and t he sheep...) The Jews used t o forbid t hese t ypes of foods saying t hat Isra'il, or Ya` qub, used t o forbid t hem for himself so t hey t oo forbid t hem. This was ment ioned by As-Suddi. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

びべ∠ヨワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ∠ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except what adheres t o t heir backs) refers t o t he fat t hat clings t o t heir backs. Allah said next ,

びべ∠Αや∠ヲエ ∠ ∇ャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ぴ (or t heir Hawaya) t hat is, t he ent rails, according t o Abu Ja` far bin Jarir. He also said, "The meaning here is, ` And from ox and sheep, We forbade t heir fat for t he Jews, except t he fat on t heir backs and what t he ent rails carry.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat , Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he, Hawaya, are t he ent rails. Similar was report ed from Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr and Ad-Dahhak. Allah's st at ement ,

びユ∃ ∇ヌバ∠ よ͡ テ ∠ ヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや ゅ∠ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (....or is mixed up wit h a bone.) means, We allowed t he Jews t he fat t hat is mixed wit h bones. Ibn Jurayj comment ed, "The fat on t he rump t hat is mixed wit h t he t ailbone was allowed for t hem, and also t he fat on t he legs, head, eyes and what adheres t o t he bones.'' As-Suddi said similarly. Allah said,

び∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ ∇ピら∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇Αゴ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (Thus We recompensed t hem for t heir rebellion.) meaning, We imposed t his rest rict ion on t hem as recompense for t heir rebellion and defying Our commandment s. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ろ ∃ ⇒∠らΒあ デ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲｚ ェ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョあ ユ∃ ∇ヤヌ ⊥ ら͡ プ∠ ぴ び や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇ユワ͡ ギあ ダ ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろヤｚェ ͡ ぺ⊥ (For t he wrongdoing of t he Jews, We made unlawful for t hem cert ain good foods which had been lawful for t hem -- and for t heir hindering many from Allah's way) 4:160 . Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホギ͡ ⇒∠ダャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ͡ ぴ (And verily, We are Trut hful.) means, We were j ust ified in t he penalt y We gave t hem. Ibn Jarir comment ed, "We are Trut hful in what We informed you of, O Muhammad; Our forbidding t hese foods for t hem, not as t hey claimed, t hat Israel merely forbade t hese t hings for himself (so t hey imit at ed him, t hey claimed).''

The Tricks of the Jews, and Allah's Curse Abdullah bin ` Abbas narrat ed, "When ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab was t old t hat Samurah sold liquor, he comment ed, ` May Allah fight Samurah! Did he not know t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ュ⊥ ヲ⊥エゼ ぁ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ゲあ ェ ⊥ キ∠ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ぶ ⊥ やリ ∠ バ∠ ャ∠» «ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ハゅ∠ら∠プ (May Allah curse t he Jews! The fat s were forbidden for t hem, so t hey melt ed t he fat and sold it .)'' This Hadit h is recorded in t he Two Sahihs. Jabir bin ` Abdullah said, "In t he year of t he vict ory of Makkah, I heard Allah's Messenger saying;

る͡ わ∠ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» «ュゅ∠レ∇タほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ Α͡ゴ∇レガ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ (Allah and His Messenger have forbidden selling alcoholic drinks (int oxicant s), dead animals, swine and idols.) He was asked, ` What about t he fat of dead animals They are used t o dye skins, paint ships and are used as light by t he people.' He said,

«ュや∠ゲェ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» (No, it is st ill unlawful.) He t hen said,

ゅ∠ヰョ∠ ヲ⊥エセ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡ ∠キヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャや ぶ ⊥ やモ ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ホ» «ヮ∠レヨ∠ を∠ やヲ⊥ヤミ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ハゅよ∠ ｚユを⊥ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ィ ∠ (May Allah fight t he Jews! When Allah forbade t hem t he fat s of animals, t hey melt ed t he fat , sold it and at e it s price.)'' The Group recorded t his Hadit h.

ぁキゲ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ バ∠ シ ͡ ヱ∠ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ⊥ク ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケｚ モ⊥ボプ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ シ ⊥ ∇ほよ∠ (147. If t hey deny you say: "Your Lord is t he Owner of vast mercy, and never will His wrat h be t urned back from t he people who are criminals.") Allah says, if your opponent s among t he idolat ors, Jews and t heir likes rej ect you, O Muhammad,

びる∃ バ∠ シ ͡ ヱ∠ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ⊥ク ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケｚ モ⊥ボプ∠ ぴ (Say: "Your Lord is t he Owner of vast mercy...") encouraging t hem t o seek Allah's vast mercy and follow His Messenger ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ シ ⊥ ∇ほよ∠ ぁキゲ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and never will His wrat h be t urned back from t he people who are criminals.) discouraging t hem from defying t he Messenger, t he Final Prophet , Muhammad . Allah oft en j oins encouragement wit h t hreat s in t he Qur'an. Allah said at t he end of t his Surah:

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, your Lord is swift in ret ribut ion, and cert ainly He is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) 6:165 Allah also said,

ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤニ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤあャ り∃ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヱ⊥グャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギゼ ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ (But verily, your Lord is full of forgiveness for mankind in spit e of t heir wrongdoing. And verily, your Lord is (also) severe in punishment .) 13:6 , and

ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ヴあルぺ∠ ン͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇￢ヴあらル∠ ぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ⊥ やグ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヴ͡よや∠グハ ∠ (Declare unt o My servant s, t hat t ruly, I am t he Oft -Forgiving, t he Most Merciful. And t hat My t orment is indeed t he most painful t orment .) 15:49-50 , and

びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ͡ Α͡ギセ ∠ ゆ ͡ ∇ヲわｚ ャや モ ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ょ ͡ ルｚグャや ゲ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠ビぴ (The Forgiver of sin, t he Accept or of repent ance, t he Severe in punishment .) 40:3 and,

- ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ ン͡ギ∇らΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ - ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠ゼ∠ャ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ズ ∠ ∇トよ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び キ⊥ ヱ⊥キヲ∠ ∇ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ (Verily, t he punishment of your Lord is severe and painful. Verily, He it is Who begins and repeat s. And He is Oft -Forgiving, full of love.) 85:12-14 . There are many ot her Ayat on t his subj ect .

ゅ∠レ∇ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ シ ∠ぴ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲｚ ェ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠ン Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ミギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇モワ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ゅ∠レシ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホや∠ク ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや

∇ラま͡ヱ∠ リ ｚヌ ｚ ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ ラ͡ま べ∠レ∠ャ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガわ⊥ プ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リョあ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ る⊥ ピ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ら∇ャや る⊥ ｚイエ ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚヤ͡プ∠ ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥タゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ｚユヤ⊥ワ∠ ∇モホ⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ギヰ∠ ャ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ͡ヰ∠セ ラ͡みプ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ノら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ワヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ (148. Those who commit t ed Shirk say: "If Allah had willed, we would not have commit ed Shirk, nor would our fat hers, and we would not have forbidden anyt hing (against His will)." Likewise belied t hose who were before t hem, t ill t hey t ast ed Our wrat h. Say: "Have you any knowledge (proof) t hat you can produce before us Verily, you follow t he Zann and you do not hing but lie.") (149. Say: "Wit h Allah is t he perfect proof and argument ; had He so willed, He would indeed have guided you all.") (150. Say: "Bring forward your wit nesses, who can t est ify t hat Allah has forbidden t his." Then if t hey t est ify, do not t est ify wit h t hem. And do not follow t he vain desires of t hose who belie Our Ayat , and such as believe not in t he Hereaft er, and t hey hold ot hers as equal wit h t heir Lord.)

A False Notion and its Rebuttal Here Allah ment ioned a debat e wit h t he idolat ors, refut ing a false not ion t hey have over t heir Shirk and t he t hings t hat t hey prohibit ed. They said, surely, Allah has full knowledge of t he Shirk we indulge in, and t hat we forbid some kinds of wealt h. Allah is able t o change t his Shirk by direct ing us t o t he fait h, - t hey claimed - and prevent us from falling int o disbelief, but He did not do t hat . Therefore - t hey said Allah indicat ed t hat He willed, decided and agreed t hat we do all t his. They said,

び￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲｚ ェ ∠Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ ("If Allah had willed, we would not have t aken part ners (in worship) wit h Him, nor would our fat hers, and we would not have forbidden anyt hing.") Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ギら∠ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey said: "If it had been t he will of t he Most Gracious (Allah), we should not have worshipped t hem (false deit ies)") 43:20 . Similar is ment ioned in Surat An-Nahl. Allah said next ,

び∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Likewise belied t hose who were before t hem,) for by using and relying on t his underst anding, t he misguided ones before t hem were led ast ray. This not ion is false and ungrounded, for had it been t rue, Allah would not have harmed t hem, dest royed t hem, aided His honorable Messengers over t hem, and made t hem t ast e His painful punishment .

びユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ミギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇モワ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Have you any knowledge...") t hat Allah is pleased wit h you and wit h your ways,

びべレ∠ ャ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガわ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (t hat you can produce before us.) and make it plain, apparent and clear for us. However,

びリ ｚヌ ｚ ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ (Verily, you only follow t he Zann) doubt s and wishful t hinking,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥タゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and you do not hing but lie) about Allah in t he false claims t hat you ut t er. Allah said next ,

リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ギヰ∠ ャ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ る⊥ ピ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ら∇ャや る⊥ ｚイエ ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚヤ͡プ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び (Say: "Wit h Allah is t he perfect proof and argument ; had He so willed, He would indeed have guided you all.") Allah said t o His Prophet

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say) O Muhammad, t o t hem,

びる⊥ ピ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ら∇ャや る⊥ ｚイエ ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚヤ͡プ∠ ぴ

("Wit h Allah is t he perfect proof and argument . ..") t he perfect wisdom and unequivocal proof t o guide whom He wills and misguide whom He wills.

びリ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ギヰ∠ ャ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (had He so willed, He would indeed have guided you all.) All of t his happens accordng t o His decree, His will, and His choice. So in t his way, He is pleased wit h t he believers, and angry wit h t he disbelievers. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

びン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ヨ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And had Allah willed, He could have gat hered t hem t oget her (all) on t rue guidance,) 6:35 and

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ リ ∠ ョ∠ Γ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And had your Lord willed, t hose on eart h would have believed, all of t hem t oget her.) 10:99 and,

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや モ ∠ バ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガョ⊥ ∠ラヲ⊥ャや∠ゴ∠Α マ ∠ よ∂ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろヨｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ͡ャヱ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ユ∠ ェ ͡ ケｚ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ び-リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ る͡ レｚ イ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚΚ ∠ ∇ョΙ ∠ (And if your Lord had so willed, He could surely have made mankind one Ummah, but t hey will not cease t o disagree. Except him on whom your Lord has best owed His mercy and for t hat did He creat e t hem. And t he Word of your Lord has been fulfilled: "Surely, I shall fill Hell wit h Jinns and men all t oget her.") 11:118-119 Ad-Dahhak said, "No one has an excuse if he disobeys Allah. Surely, Allah has t he perfect proof est ablished against His servant s.'' Allah said,

びユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ｚユヤ⊥ワ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Bring forward your wit nesses,) produce your wit nesses,

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (who can t est ify t hat Allah has forbidden t his.) which you have forbidden and lied and invent ed about Allah in t his regard,

び∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ͡ヰ∠セ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (Then if t hey t est ify, do not t est ify wit h t hem.) because in t his case, t heir t est imony is false and unt rue,

Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ノら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ (And do not follow t he vain desires of t hose who belie Our Ayat , and such as believe not in t he Hereaft er, and t hey hold ot hers as equal wit h t heir Lord.) by associat ing ot hers wit h Allah in worship and t reat ing t hem as equals t o Him.

∇やヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ∇ゎぺ∠ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ∇リョあ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ジ∇ェま͡ リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ズ ∠ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲル∠ リ ⊥ ∇エｚル ペ ∃ ⇒∠ヤ∇ョま ヴ͡わャｚや ザ ∠ ∇ヘレｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ト ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚタヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ (151. Say: "Come, I will recit e what your Lord has prohibit ed you from: Join not anyt hing in worship wit h Him; be kind and dut iful t o your parent s; kill not your children because of povert y -- We provide sust enance for you and for t hem. Come not near t o Al-Fawahish (immoral sins) whet her commit t ed openly or secret ly; and kill not anyone whom Allah has forbidden, except for a j ust cause. This He has commanded you t hat you may underst and.")

Ten Commandments

Dawud Al-Awdy narrat ed t hat , Ash-Sha` bi said t hat , ` Alqamah said t hat Ibn Mas` ud said, "Whoever wishes t o read t he will and t est ament of t he Messenger of Allah on which he placed his seal, let him read t hese Ayat ,

∇やヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ∇ゎぺ∠ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ (Say: "Come, I will recit e what your Lord has prohibit ed you from: Join not anyt hing in worship wit h Him...'') unt il,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (...so t hat you may have Taqwa) 6:153 .'' In his Must adrak, Al-Hakim recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "In Surah Al-An` am 6 , t here are clear Ayat , and t hey are t he Mot her of t he Book (t he Qur'an).'' He t hen recit ed,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ∇ゎぺ∠ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Come, I will recit e what your Lord has prohibit ed you from...") Al-Hakim said, "It s chain is Sahih, and t hey did not record it .'' In his Must adrak Al-Hakim also recorded t hat ` Ubadah bin As-Samit said, "The Messenger of Allah said,

«ゐゅ∠ヤを∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヶ͡レバ⊥ Α͡ ゅ∠らΑ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ Αぁ ぺ∠» (Who among you will give me his pledge t o do t hree t hings) He t hen recit ed t he Ayah,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ∇ゎぺ∠ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Come, I will recit e what your Lord has prohibit ed you from...") unt il t he end of t he Ayat . He t hen said,

ｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゾ ∠ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ルや リ ͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィほ∠プ∠ ヴ∠プヱ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ » ∩⊥ヮわ∠よヲ⊥ボハ ⊥ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ミ∠ ケ∠ ∇キほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠

￢∠ ゅ∠セ ∇ラま͡ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡ べ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ カ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ «ヮ∇レハ ∠ ゅ∠ヘハ ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ よ∠ グｚ ハ ∠ (Whoever fulfills (t his pledge), t hen his reward will be wit h Allah, but whoever fell int o short comings and Allah punishes him for it in t his life, t hen t hat will be his recompense. Whoever Allah delays (his reckoning) unt il t he Hereaft er, t hen his mat t er is wit h Allah. If He wills, He will punish him, and if He wills, He will forgive him.)'' Al-Hakim said, "It s chain is Sahih and t hey did not record it .'' As for t he explanat ion of t his Ayah, Allah said t o His Prophet and Messenger Muhammad : Say, O Muhammad, t o t hose idolat ors who worshipped ot her t han Allah, forbade what Allah provided t hem wit h and killed t heir children, following t heir opinions and t he lures of t he devils,'

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say) t o t hem

び∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ぴ (Come) come here, come close

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ∇ゎぺ∠ぴ (I will recit e what your Lord has prohibit ed you from. ) meaning, I will inform you about what your Lord has forbidden for you in t rut h, not guessing or wishful t hinking. Rat her, it is revelat ion and an order from Him.

Shirk is Forbidden

びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ぴ (Join not anyt hing in worship wit h Him;) t his Allah has ordained, for He said at t he end of t he Ayah,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚタヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡クぴ

(This He has commanded you t hat you may underst and.) In t he t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Abu Dharr said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ポ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ れ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇リョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ヶ͡ルゲ∠ ゼ ｚ ら∠ プ∠ モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ヶ͡ルゅ∠ゎぺ∠» ヴ∠ルコ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∩る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ マ ∠ わ͡ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∩∠ベゲ∠ シ ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ヴ∠ルコ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨∠ベゲ∠ シ ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ヴ∠ルコ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨∠ベゲ∠ シ ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ヴ∠ルコ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨∠ベゲ∠ シ ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ヴ∠ルコ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ :ろ∇ヤホ⊥ ∩∠ベゲ∠ シ ∠ «ゲ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ ゲ͡ セ ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ベ ∠ ゲ∠ シ ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ヴ∠ルコ∠ (Jibril came t o me and conveyed t he good news t hat , "Whoever among your followers dies, worshipping none along wit h Allah, will ent er Paradise." I said, "Even if he st ole or commit t ed illegal sexual int ercourse'' He said, "Even if he st ole or commit t ed illegal sexual int ercourse." I said, "Even if he st ole or commit t ed illegal sexual int ercourse" He said, "Even if he st ole or commit t ed illegal sexual int ercourse." I said, "Even if he st ole or commit t ed illegal sexual int ercourse" He said, "Even if he st ole or commit t ed illegal sexual int ercourse or even if drank alcohol.") Some of t he Musnad and Sunan compilers recorded t hat Abu Dharr said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヶ͡レゎ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ∠ ∇よや ゅ∠Α :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » ゅ∠ャヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ビぺ∠ ヶあルみ͡プ∠ ヶ͡レゎ∠ ∇ヲィ ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ る⇔ ゃ∠ Β͡トカ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ゆ ͡ や∠ゲボ⊥ よ͡ ヶ͡レわ∠ ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ャゅ∠よぺ⊥ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヶ͡よ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ り⇔ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ や∠ゲボ⊥ よ͡ ｚユを⊥ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠レハ ∠ ポ ∠ ゅΑ∠ゅト ∠カ ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ れ ∠ ∇ほト ∠ ∇カぺ∠ «マ∠ャ れ ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ビ ∠ ヶ͡レゎ∠ ∇ゲヘ∠ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや (Allah said, ` O Son of Adam! As long as you supplicat e t o Me and hope of Me, I will forgive what ever you commit t ed, and it will be easy for Me t o do t hat . And even if you brought t he eart h's fill of sins t o Me, I will bring fort h it s fill of forgiveness, as long as you do not associat e anyt hing or anyone in worship wit h Me. And even if you err and your errors accumulat e unt il

t hey reach t he boundaries of t he sky and you t hen ask Me for forgiveness, I will forgive you.') This subj ect is also ment ioned in t he Qur'an, for Allah said,

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ゅ∠ョ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ (Verily, Allah forgives not (t he sin of) set t ing up part ners (in worship) wit h Him, but He forgives whom He wills, sins ot her t han t hat .) 4:116 Muslim recorded a Hadit h in t he Sahih t hat reads,

«る⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ポ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ れ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇リョ∠ » (Whoever dies associat ing none wit h Allah will ent er Paradise.) There are many Ayat and Hadit hs on t his subj ect .

The Order for Kindness to Parents Allah said next ,

びゅ⇔ルゅ∠ジ∇ェま͡ リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ぴ (be kind and dut iful t o your parent s;) meaning, Allah has commanded and ordered you t o be kind t o your parent s. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒ｚΑま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔レ⇒∠ジ∇ェま͡ (And your Lord has decreed t hat you worship none but Him. And t hat you be dut iful t o your parent s.) 17:23 Allah oft en ment ions obeying Him and being dut iful t o parent s t oget her. Allah said,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔レ∇ワヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁョぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇わヤ∠ヨ∠ ェ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ よ͡ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡ や ゅ∠レ∇Βタ ｚ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ マ ∠ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゲム⊥ ∇セや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βョ∠ ゅ∠ハ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ダプ͡ ヱ∠ リ ∃ ∇ワヱ∠ ヴ͡よ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ポ ∠ や∠ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィ ラ͡まヱ∠ - ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡

ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇らエ ͡ ⇒∠タヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇バ͡トゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∀ユ∇ヤ͡ハ ヮ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ モ ∠ Βら͡ シ ∠ ∇ノら͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ゅ⇔プヱ⊥ゲ∇バョ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらル∠ ほ⊥プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ (Give t hanks t o Me and t o your parent s. Unt o Me is t he final dest inat ion. But if t hey (bot h) st rive wit h you t o make you j oin in worship wit h Me ot hers t hat of which you have no knowledge, t hen obey t hem not ; but behave wit h t hem in t his world kindly, and follow t he pat h of him who t urns t o Me in repent ance and in obedience. Then t o Me will be your ret urn, and I shall t ell you what you used t o do.) 31:14-15 Therefore, Allah ordered children t o be dut iful and kind t o t heir parent s, even if t hey were idolat ors. Allah also said,

Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ルゅ∠ジ∇ェま͡ リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや (And (remember) when We t ook a covenant from t he Children of Israel, (saying): Worship none but Allah and be dut iful and kind t o parent s.) 2:83 There are several Ayat on t his subj ect . It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Ibn Mas` ud said, "I asked Allah's Messenger about which deed is t he best . He said,

«ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇ホ∠ヱ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや» (The prayer, when it is performed on t ime.) I said, ` Then' He said,

«リ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲ∇ャや ゲぁ よ͡ » (Being dut iful t o parent s.) I asked, ` Then' He said,

«ぶや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰイ ͡ ∇ャや» (Jihad in Allah's cause.) Ibn Mas` ud said, "The Messenger of Allah said t hese words t o me, and had I asked him for more, he would have said more.''

Killing Children is Forbidden Allah said,

∇ユム⊥ ホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲル∠ リ ⊥ ∇エｚル ペ ∃ ⇒∠ヤ∇ョま ∇リョあ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユワ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ (Kill not your children because of povert y, We shall provide sust enance for you and for t hem.) Aft er Allah commanded kindness t o parent s and grandparent s, He next ordered kindness t o children and grandchildren. Allah said,

びペ ∃ ⇒∠ヤ∇ョま ∇リョあ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (kill not your children because of povert y,) because t he idolat ors used t o kill t heir children, obeying t he lures of t he devils. They used t o bury t heir daught ers alive for fear of shame, and somet imes kill t heir sons for fear of povert y. It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "I asked t he Messenger of Allah , ` Which sin is t he biggest ' He said,

«マ∠ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ や６ギル͡ ぶ ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠» (To call a rival for Allah, while He Alone creat ed you.) I said, ` Then what ' He said,

«マ∠バョ∠ ユ∠ バ∠ ∇トΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ る∠ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ポ ∠ ギ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ モ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠» (To kill your son for fear t hat he might share your food.') I said, ` Then what ' He said,

«ポ͡ケゅ∠ィ る∠ ヤ∠Β͡ヤェ ∠ ヶ͡ルや∠ゴゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠» (To commit adult ery wit h your neighbor's wife.) Then t he Messenger of Allah recit ed t he Ayah,

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ザ ∠ ∇ヘレｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ル∇ゴΑ∠ (And t hose who invoke not any ot her god along wit h Allah, nor kill such person as Allah has forbidden, except for j ust cause, nor commit illegal sexual int ercourse...) 25:68 .'' Allah's st at ement ,

びペ ∃ ⇒∠ヤ∇ョま ∇リョあ ぴ (Because of Imlaq) refers t o povert y, according t o Ibn ` Abbas, Qat adah, As-Suddi and ot hers. The Ayah means, do not kill your children because you are poor. Allah said in Surat Al-Isra',

びペ ∃ ⇒∠ヤ∇ョま͡ る∠ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ キ∠ Ι∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And do not kill your children for fear from Imlaq.) 17:31 , t hat is, do not kill your children for fear t hat you might become poor in t he fut ure. This is why Allah said,

びユ⊥ミゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲル∠ リ ⊥ ∇エｚルぴ (We shall provide sust enance for t hem and for you) 17:31 , t hus ment ioning t he provision of t he children first , meaning, do not fear povert y because of feeding your children. Cert ainly, t heir provision is provided by Allah. Allah said,

び∇ユワ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲル∠ リ ⊥ ∇エｚルぴ (We provide sust enance for you and for t hem,) t hus st art ing wit h parent s, because t his is t he appropriat e subj ect here and Allah knows. Allah said next ,

びリ ∠ト ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ズ ∠ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Come not near Al-Fawahish (immoral sins) whet her commit t ed openly or secret ly) Allah said in a similar Ayah,

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ズ ∠ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ヴ ∠ ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユ∠ ∇をΗ ͡ や∠ヱ リ ∠ト ∠ よ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇メゴあ レ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ (Say: "(But ) t he t hings t hat my Lord has indeed forbidden are Al-Fawahish (immoral sins) whet her commit t ed openly or secret ly, sins (of all kinds), unright eous oppression, j oining part ners (in worship) wit h Allah for which He has given no aut horit y, and saying t hings about

Allah of which you have no knowledge.") explanat ion of t he Ayah,

7:33

We also explained t his meaning in t he

びヮ⊥ レ∠ デ ͡ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ユ͡ ∇をΗ ͡ や ゲ∠ ヰ͡ ⇒∠ニ ∇やヱ⊥ケク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Leave sin, open and secret ) 6:120 . The Two Sahihs recorded t hat Ibn Mas` ud said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ モ ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∩͡ぶや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ∠ Β∠ ∇ビぺ∠ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «リ∠トよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ズ ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや (None is more j ealous t han Allah. This is why He has forbidden t he immoral sins commit t ed openly or secret ly.) ` Abdul-Malik bin ` Umayr said t hat Warrad narrat ed t hat Al-Mughirah said t hat Sa` d bin ` Ubadah said, "If I see a man wit h my wife (commit t ing adult ery), I will kill him wit h t he sword." When t he mat t er came t o t he Messenger of Allah , he said,

∇リョ͡ ゲ⊥ Β∠ ∇ビぺ∠ ゅ∠ルほ∠ャ∠ ぶ ͡ や∠ヲプ∠ ∨∃ギ∇バシ ∠ り͡ ゲ∇Βビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らイ ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ぺ∠» ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ モ ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∩ヶあレョ͡ ゲ⊥ Β∠ ∇ビぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や∠ヱ ∩∃ギ∇バシ ∠ «リ∠トよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ズ ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや (Do you wonder at Sa` d's j ealousy By Allah, I am more j ealous t han Sa` d, and Allah is more j ealous t han I. This is why He has forbidden t he immoral sins commit t ed openly and in secret .) This Hadit h is in t he Two Sahihs).

The Prohibition of Unjustified Killing Allah said,

びペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ザ ∠ ∇ヘレｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And kill not anyone whom Allah has forbidden, except for a j ust cause (according t o Islamic law).) This part of t he Ayah emphasizes t his prohibit ion in specific, alt hough it is included in t he immoral sins commit t ed openly and in secret . In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Ibn Mas` ud said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ユ∃ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや ュ⊥ キ∠ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ» ょ ⊥ Βあ んｚ ャや :ゐ ∃ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ン∠ギ∇ェみ͡よ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ∩͡ぶや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヶあル∠ぺ∠ヱ ベ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ レ͡ Α͡ギャ͡ ポ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚわャや∠ヱ ∩͡ザ∇ヘレｚ ャゅ͡よ ザ ⊥ ∇ヘレｚ ャや∠ヱ ∩ヶ͡ルやｚゴャや «る∠ハゅ∠ヨイ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ (The blood of a Muslim person who t est ifies t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah and t hat I am t he Messenger of Allah is prohibit ed, except for t hree offenses: a married person who commit s illegal sexual int ercourse, life for life, and whoever revert s from t he religion and abandons t he Jama` ah (t he communit y of fait hful believers).) There is a prohibit ion, a warning and a t hreat against killing t he Mu` ahid, i.e., non-Muslims who have a t reat y of peace wit h Muslims. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said t hat t he Prophet said,

ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや る∠ エ ∠ も͡ や∠ケ ∇ゥゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ や⇔ギワ͡ ゅ∠バョ⊥ モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ゅ６ョゅ∠ハ リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ Β͡ジョ∠ ∇リョ͡ ギ⊥ ィ ∠ ヲ⊥Βャ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠エΑ͡ケ (Whoever killed a person having a t reat y of prot ect ion wit h Muslims, shall not smell t he scent of Paradise, t hough it s scent is perceived from a dist ance of fort y years. ) Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat t he Prophet said,

∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ る⊥ ョｚ ク͡ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や る⊥ ｚョク͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ や⇔ギワ͡ ゅ∠バョ⊥ モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや る∠ エ ∠ も͡ や∠ケ ∇ゥゲ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩͡ぶや る͡ ョｚ グ͡ よ͡ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇カぺ∠ «ゅ⇔ヘΑ͡ゲカ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ Β͡ジョ∠ ∇リョ͡ ギ⊥ ィ ∠ ヲ⊥Βャ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠エΑ͡ケ (Whoever killed a person having a t reat y of prot ect ion wit h t he Muslims, and who enj oys t he guarant ee of Allah and His Messenger, he will have spoiled t he guarant ee of Allah for him . He shall not smell t he scent of Paradise t hough it s smell is perceived from a dist ance of sevent y years.) Ibn Maj ah and At -Tirmidhi recorded t his Hadit h, and At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.'' Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚタヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡クぴ (This He has commanded you t hat you may underst and.) means, t his is what He has commanded you t hat you may comprehend His commandment s and prohibit ions.

ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ ユ͡ Β͡わΒ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇Βム∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥プ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ｚギセ ⊥ ぺ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰバ∠ ∇シヱ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ブ ⊥ あヤム∠ ル⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚタヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ∇やヲ⊥プ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ヴ∠よ∇ゲホ⊥ や∠ク びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ (152. "And come not near t o t he orphan's propert y, except t o improve it , unt il he (or she) at t ains t he age of full st rengt h; and give full measure and full weight wit h j ust ice." -- We burden not any person, but t hat which he can bear -- "And whenever you speak, say t he t rut h even if a near relat ive is concerned, and fulfill t he covenant of Allah. This He commands you, t hat you may remember.")

The Prohibition of Consuming the Orphan's Property At a' bin As-Sa'ib said t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "When Allah revealed,

びリ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ ユ͡ Β͡わΒ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And come not near t o t he orphan's propert y, except t o improve it .) and,

びゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who unj ust ly eat up t he propert y of orphans.) t hose who were guardians of orphans separat ed t heir food from t he orphans' food and t heir drink from t heir drink. When any of t hat food or drink remained, t hey used t o keep it for t he orphan unt il he or she at e it or it spoiled. This became difficult for t he companions and t hey t alked about it t o t he Messenger of Allah , and Allah sent down t he Ayah,

∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ゥ ∀Κ ∠ ∇タま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Α∠ヱぴ び∇ユム⊥ ル⊥ ヲ∠ ∇カみ͡プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥トャ͡ゅ∠ガゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ (And t hey ask you about orphans. Say: "The best t hing is t o work honest ly in t heir propert y, and if you mix your affairs wit h t heirs, t hen t hey are your brot hers.") 2:220 Thereaft er, t hey mixed t heir food and drink wit h food and drink of t he orphans.'' Abu Dawud collect ed t his st at ement . Allah's st at ement ,

びロ⊥ ｚギセ ⊥ ぺ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il he (or she) at t ains t he age of full st rengt h;), refers t o reaching t he age of adolescence, according t o Ash-Sha` bi, Malik and several ot hers among t he Salaf.

The Command to Give Full Measure and Full Weight with Justice Allah's st at ement ,

びテ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇Βム∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥プ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and give full measure and full weight wit h j ust ice.) is a command t o est ablish j ust ice while giving and t aking. Allah has also warned against abandoning t his commandment , when He said,

サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠わ∇ミや や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - リ ∠ Β͡ヘヘあ ト ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱぴ -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ルコ∠ ヱｚ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ャゅ∠ミ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プ∇ヲわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をヲ⊥バ∇らョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ぁリヌ ⊥ Α∠ Ι∠ぺ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ ャ͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ (Woe t o Al-Mut affifin. Those who, when t hey have t o receive by measure from men, demand full measure. And when t hey have t o give by measure or weight t o (ot her) men, give less t han due. Do t hey not t hink t hat t hey will be resurrect ed (for reckoning). On a Great Day The Day when (all) mankind will st and before t he Lord of all t hat exist s) 83:1-6 . Allah dest royed an ent ire nat ion t hat was accust omed t o giving less in weight s and measures. Allah said next ,

びゅ∠ヰバ∠ ∇シヱ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ブ ⊥ あヤム∠ ル⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (We burden not any person, but t hat which he can bear.) t hat is, whoever st rives while pursuing his right s and giving ot her peoples' full right s, t hen t here is no sin on him if he commit s an honest mist ake aft er t rying his best and st riving t o do what is right .

The Order for Just Testimony Allah said;

びヴ∠よ∇ゲホ⊥ やク∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And whenever you give your word, say t he t rut h even if a near relat ive is concerned.) This is similar t o His st at ement ,

￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ リ ∠ Β͡ョやｚヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや べ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ びテ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ (O you who believe! St and out firmly for Allah as j ust wit nesses.) 5:8 And t here is a similar Ayah in Surat An-Nisa'. So Allah commands j ust ice in act ion and st at ement , wit h bot h near relat ives and dist ant relat ives. Indeed, Allah orders j ust ice for everyone at all t imes and in all sit uat ions.

Fulfilling the Covenant of Allah is an Obligation Allah said next ,

び∇やヲ⊥プ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and fulfill t he Covenant of Allah.) Ibn Jarir comment ed, "Allah commands: Fulfill Allah's commandment s t hat He has ordered you. You will do so when you obey Him in what He commanded, refrain from what He prohibit ed and abide by His Book and t he Sunnah of His Messenger . This const it ut es fulfilling t he covenant of Allah,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚタヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (...This He commands you, t hat you may remember.) Allah says here, t hat t his is what He has ordered and commanded, and He st ressed it s import ance for you,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (...t hat you may remember.), t hat you may be advised and t hus refrain from what you used t o do before t his.''

∇やヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヶ͡デゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚタヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ベ ∠ ゲｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ プ∠ モ ∠ ら⊥ ジ ぁ ャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ (153. "And verily, t his is My st raight pat h, so follow it , and follow not (ot her) pat hs, for t hey will separat e you away from His pat h. This He has ordained for you t hat you may have Taqwa.")

The Command to Follow Allah's Straight Path and to Avoid All Other Paths Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on Allah's st at ement s,

びヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ベ ∠ ゲｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ プ∠ モ ∠ ら⊥ ジ ぁ ャや ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And follow not (ot her) pat hs, for t hey will separat e you away from His pat h.), and,

びヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Αあギャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ぴ ((Saying) t hat you should est ablish religion and make no divisions in it .) 42:13 , and similar Ayat in t he Qur'an, "Allah commanded t he believers t o adhere t o t he Jama` ah and forbade t hem from causing divisions and disput es. He informed t hem t hat t hose before t hem were dest royed because of divisions and disput es in t he religion of Allah.'' Similar was said by Muj ahid and several ot hers. Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "The Messenger of Allah drew a line wit h his hand (in t he sand) and said,

«ゅ⇔ヨΒボ͡ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ぶ ͡ やモ ⊥ Β͡らシ ∠ や∠グワ∠ » (This is Allah's pat h, leading st raight .) He t hen drew lines t o t he right and left of t hat line and said,

∀ラゅ∠ト∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∀モΒ͡らシ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ モ ⊥ ら⊥ ぁジャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ » «ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α (These are t he ot her pat hs, on each pat h t here is a devil who calls t o it .) He t hen recit ed,

∇やヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヶ͡デゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ベ ∠ ゲｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ プ∠ モ ∠ ら⊥ ジ ぁ ャや (And verily, t his is My st raight pat h, so follow it , and follow not (ot her) pat hs, for t hey will separat e you away from His pat h.) 6:153 '' Al-Hakim also recorded t his Hadit h and said; "It s chain is Sahih, but t hey did not record it .'' Imam Ahmad and ` Abd bin Humayd recorded (and t his is t he wording of Ahmad) t hat Jabir said; "We were sit t ing wit h t he Prophet when he drew a line in front of him and said,

«ぶや モ ⊥ Β͡らシ ∠ や∠グワ∠ » (This is Allah's pat h.) He also drew t wo lines t o it s right and t wo lines t o it s left and said,

«ラゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや モ ⊥ ら⊥ シ ⊥ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ » (These are t he pat hs of Shayt an.) He t hen placed his hand on t he middle pat h and recit ed t his Ayah;

∇やヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヶ͡デゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚタヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ベ ∠ ゲｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ プ∠ モ ∠ ら⊥ ジ ぁ ャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ (And verily, t his is My st raight pat h, so follow it , and follow not (ot her) pat hs, for t hey will separat e you away from His pat h. This He has ordained for you t hat you may have Taqwa.) Imam Ahmad, Ibn Maj ah, in t he Book of t he Sunnah in his Sunan, and Al-Bazzar collect ed t his Hadit h. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat a man asked Ibn Mas` ud, "What is As-Sirat Al-Must aqim (t he st raight pat h)'' Ibn Mas` ud replied, "Muhammad left us at it s lower end and it s ot her end is in Paradise. To t he right of t his Pat h are ot her pat hs, and t o t he left of it are ot her pat hs, and t here are men (on t hese pat hs) calling t hose who pass by t hem. Whoever goes on t he ot her pat hs will end up in t he Fire. Whoever t akes t he St raight Pat h, will end up in Paradise.'' Ibn Mas` ud t hen recit ed t he Ayah;

∇やヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヶ͡デゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ベ ∠ ゲｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ プ∠ モ ∠ ら⊥ ジ ぁ ャや

(And verily, t his is My st raight pat h, so follow it , and follow not (ot her) pat hs, for t hey will separat e you away from His pat h.)'" Imam Ahmad recorded t hat , An-Nawwas bin Sam` an said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヶ∠ら∇レィ ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ゅ⇔デや∠ゲタ ͡ ゅ⇔ヤん∠ ョ∠ ぶ ⊥ やゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ » ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ∩∀るエ ∠ わｚ ヘ∠ ョ⊥ ∀ゆや∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プ ラ ͡ や∠ケヲ⊥シ ヅ ͡ や∠ゲダ あ ャや ネ ∃ や∠キ ヅ ͡ や∠ゲダ あ ャや ゆ ͡ ゅ∠よ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ∀りゅ∠カ∇ゲョ⊥ ∀ケヲ⊥わシ ⊥ ゆ ͡ や∠ヲ∇よほ∠∇ャや ヅ ∠ や∠ゲダ あ ャや やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや やヲぁヨヤ⊥ワ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑｚ ぺ∠ ゅ∠Α :ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α ベ ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α ネ ∃ や∠キヱ∠ やヲ⊥ホゲｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ウ ∠ わ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ジ∇ルみ͡ャや キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ヅ ͡ や∠ゲダ あ ャや ヮ⊥ ∇イヤ͡ゎ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ∇ラま͡ マ ∠ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇エわ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ マ ∠エ ∠ ∇Αヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゆ ͡ や∠ヲ∇よほ∠∇ャや ゆ ⊥ や∠ヲ∇よほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ぶ ͡ や キ⊥ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ ラ ͡ や∠ケヲぁジャや∠ヱ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤ∇シΗ ͡やヅ ⊥ や∠ゲダ あ ャゅ∠プ サ ͡ ∇ぺケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヶ͡ハやｚギャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や ュ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠エョ∠ る⊥ エ ∠ わｚ ヘ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヅ ͡ や∠ゲダ あ ャや ベ ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヶ͡ハやｚギャや∠ヱ ∩͡ぶや ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヅ ͡ や∠ゲダ あ ャや «ユ͡ヤ∇ジョ⊥ あモミ⊥ ょ ͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヶ͡プ ぶ ͡ やナ ⊥ハ ͡ や∠ヱ (Allah has given a parable of t he st raight pat h, and on t he t wo sides of t his pat h, t here are t wo walls cont aining door ways. On t hese door ways, t here are curt ains t hat are lowered down. on t he gat e of t his pat h t here is a caller heralding, ` O people! come and ent er t he st raight pat h all t oget her and do not divide. ' There is also anot her caller t hat heralds from above t he pat h, who says when a person want s t o remove t he curt ain on any of t hese doors, ` Woe t o you! Do not open t his door, for if you open it , you will ent er it . The (st raight ) pat h is Islam, t he t wo walls are Allah's set limit s, t he open doors lead t o Allah's prohibit ions, t he caller on t he gat e of t he pat h is Allah's Book (t he Qur'an), while t he caller from above t he pat h is Allah's admonit ion in t he heart of every Muslim.) At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i also recorded t his Hadit h, and At Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib.'' Allah's st at ement ,

びモ ∠ ら⊥ ジ ぁ ャや ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プぴ

(so follow it , and follow not (ot her) pat hs...) describes Allah's pat h in t he singular sense, because t rut h is one. Allah describes t he ot her pat hs in t he plural, because t hey are many and are divided. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ヰィ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヶ ぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやぴ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ピ⇒ト ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ケ͡ ヲぁレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ケ͡ ヲぁレャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ (Allah is t he Wali (Prot ect or or Guardian) of t hose who believe. He brings t hem out from darknesses int o light . But as for t hose who disbelieve, t heir support ers are Taghut (false deit ies), t hey bring t hem out from light int o darknesses. Those are t he dwellers of t he Fire, and t hey will abide t herein forever.) 2:257

リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ヨゎ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや￢ ｚユを⊥ ぴ ￢͡ べ∠ボヤ͡よ͡ ユ⊥ヰヤｚバ∠ ャｚ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ モ あ ム⊥ ャあ Κ ⇔ Β͡ダ∇ヘ∠ゎ∠ヱ ∀ポ∠ケゅ∠らョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ (154. Then, We gave Musa t he Book t he Tawrah , complet e for t hat which is best , and explaining all t hings in det ail and a guidance and a mercy t hat t hey might believe in t he meet ing wit h t heir Lord.) (155. And t his is a blessed Book (t he Qur'an) which We have sent down, so follow it and have Taqwa, so t hat you may receive mercy.)

Praising the Tawrah and the Qur'an Aft er Allah described t he Qur'an by saying,

びロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヶ͡デゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, t his is My st raight pat h, so follow it ...) He t hen praised t he Tawrah and it s Messenger,

びょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴシ ∠ ヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや￢ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then, We gave Musa t he Book...) Allah oft en ment ions t he Qur'an and t he Tawrah t oget her. Allah said,

や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ョま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔Β∂ よ͡ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ジャあ ∀ベギあ ダ ∠ ョぁ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ (And before t his was t he Script ure of Musa as a guide and a mercy. And t his is a confirming Book in t he Arabic language.) 46:12 . Allah said in t he beginning of t his Surah,

や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ン͡グャｚや ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇リョ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅヰ∠ ル∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ ザ ∠ Β͡デゲ∠ ホ∠ ヮ⊥ ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∇イ∠ゎ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤあャ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ びや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ (Say: "Who t hen sent down t he Book which Musa brought , a light and a guidance t o mankind which you have made int o paper sheet s, disclosing (some of it ) and concealing (much)") 6:91 , and

び∀ポ∠ケゅ∠らョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ぴ (And t his is a blessed Book which we have sent down. ..) 6:92 Allah said about t he idolat ors,

ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ Ι∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ル͡ギレ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ びヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ (But when t he t rut h has come t o t hem from Us, t hey say: "Why is he not given t he like of what was given t o Musa") 28:48 . Allah replied,

∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ｙモム⊥ よ͡ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ や∠ゲヰ∠ ⇒∠ヌゎ∠ ラ ͡ や∠ゲ∇エシ ͡

("Did t hey not disbelieve in t hat which was given t o Musa of old" They say: "Two kinds of magic t he Tawrah and t he Qur'an , each helping t he ot her!" And t hey say: "Verily, in bot h we are disbelievers.") 28:48 Allah said about t he Jinns t hat t hey said,

ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠レョ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ Αぴ びペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョ⊥ ("O our people! Verily, we have heard a Book sent down aft er Musa, confirming what came before it , it guides t o t he t rut h.") 46:30 Allah's st at ement ,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡ダ∇ヘゎ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ヨゎ∠ ぴ (...complet e for t hat which is best , and explaining all t hings in det ail...") means; ` We made t he Book t hat We revealed t o Musa, a complet e and comprehensive Book, sufficient for what he needs t o complet e his Law.' Similarly, Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゥ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We wrot e for him on t he Tablet s t he lesson t o be drawn from all t hings. ) 7:145 Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ぴ (for t hat which is best ,) means: ` as a reward for his doing right and obeying Our commands and orders.' Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

びリ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ェΗ ͡ やΙ ｚ ま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ジ∇ェΗ ͡ や ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ∇モワ∠ ぴ (Is t here any reward for good ot her t han what is best ) 55:60 ,

ヴあルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ヨｚ ゎ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ヤわ∠ ∇よや ク͡ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ョゅ∠ョま͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ マ ∠ ヤ⊥バ͡ ⇒∠ィ (And (remember) when t he Lord of Ibrahim t ried him wit h (cert ain) commands, which he fulfilled. He (Allah) said (t o him), "Verily, I am going t o make you an Imam for mankind.") 2:124 and,

∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∇ヰ∠Α る⇔ ヨｚ も͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ y(And We made from among t hem (Children of Israel), leaders, giving guidance under Our command, when t hey were pat ient and believed wit h cert aint y in Our Ayat .) 32:24 Allah said;

びる⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ モ あ ム⊥ ャあ ⇔ΚΒ͡ダ∇ヘ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ (and explaining all t hings in det ail and a guidance and a mercy) praising t he Book t hat Allah sent down t o Musa, while,

リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ヨゎ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや￢ ｚユを⊥ ぴ ￢͡ べ∠ボヤ͡よ͡ ユ⊥ヰヤｚバ∠ ャｚ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ モ あ ム⊥ ャあ Κ ⇔ Β͡ダ∇ヘ∠ゎ∠ヱ ∀ポ∠ケゅ∠らョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ (. ..t hat t hey might believe in t he meet ing wit h t heir Lord. And t his is a blessed Book (t he Qur'an) which We have sent down, so follow it and have Taqwa so t hat you may receive mercy.) This calls t o following t he Qur'an. Allah encourages His servant s t o follow His Book (t he Qur'an) and orders t hem t o underst and it , adhere t o it and call t o it . He also describes it as being blessed, for t hose who follow and implement it in t his life and t he Hereaft er, because it is t he Firm Rope of Allah.

リ͡ョ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ピャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ シ ∠ や∠ケキ͡ リ∠ハ ゅｚレミ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ∠レヤ͡∇らホ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ン∠ギ∇ワぺ∠ べｚレム⊥ ャ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べｚル∠ぺ ∇ヲャ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ る∀ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ン͡ゴ∇イレ∠ シ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ フ ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ リｚヨョ͡

∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ ヲ⊥シ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αへ ∇リハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プギ͡ ∇ダΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥プギ͡ ∇ダΑ∠ (156. Lest you should say: "The Book was sent down only t o t wo sect s before us, and for our part , we were in fact unaware of what t hey st udied.") (157. Or lest you should say: "If only t he Book had been sent down t o us, we would surely have been bet t er guided t han t hey." So now has come unt o you a clear proof from your Lord, and a guidance and a mercy. Who t hen does more wrong t han one who rej ect s t he Ayat of Allah and Sadafa away t herefrom We shall requit e t hose who t urn away from Our Ayat wit h an evil t orment , because of t heir t urning away.)

The Qur'an is Allah's Proof Against His Creation Ibn Jarir comment ed on t he Ayah, "The Ayah means, t his is a Book t hat We sent down, so t hat you do not say,

びゅ∠レヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ ("The Book was sent down only t o t wo sect s before us.") This way, you will have no excuse. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀るら∠ Β͡ダョぁ ユ⊥ヰら∠ Β͡ダゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ノ∠ ら͡ わあ レ∠ プ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ろ ∠ ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ Ι∇ヲャ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ びマ ∠ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや￢ (Ot herwise, t hey would have suffered a calamit y because of what t heir hands sent fort h, and said: "Our Lord! Why did You not send us a Messenger We would t hen have followed Your Ayat .'') 28:47 .'' The Ayah,

びゅ∠レヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ぴ (t o t wo sect s before us) refers t o t he Jews and Christ ians, according t o ` Ali bin Abi Talhah who narrat ed it from Ibn ` Abbas. Similar was report ed from Muj ahid, As-Suddi, Qat adah and several ot hers. Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ピャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ シ ∠ や∠ケキ͡ リ∠ハ ゅｚレミ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ ("...and for our part , we were in fact unaware of what t hey st udied.") meaning: ` we did not underst and what t hey said because t he revelat ion was not in our t ongue. We, indeed, were busy and unaware of t heir message,' so t hey said. Allah said next ,

ン∠ギ∇ワぺ∠ べｚレム⊥ ャ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べｚル∠ぺ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ (Or lest you should say: "If only t he Book had been sent down t o us, we would surely, have been bet t er guided t han t hey.") meaning: We also refut ed t his excuse, had you used it , lest you say, "If a Book was revealed t o us, j ust as t hey received a Book, we would have been bet t er guided t han t hey are.'' Allah also said.

∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ͡ゃャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ギ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びユ͡ ョ∠ Ι ｙ や ン∠ギ∇ェま͡ ∇リョ͡ ン∠ギ∇ワぺ∠ リ ｚ ル⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャｚ (And t hey swore by Allah t heir most binding oat h t hat if a warner came t o t hem, t hey would be more guided t han any of t he nat ions (before t hem).) 35:42 Allah replied here,

びる∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ る∀ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So now has come unt o you a clear proof from your Lord, and a guidance and a mercy.) Allah says, t here has come t o you from Allah a Glorious Qur'an revealed t o Muhammad , t he Arab Prophet . In it is t he explanat ion of t he lawful and unlawful mat t ers, guidance for t he heart s and mercy from Allah t o His servant s who follow and implement it . Allah said;

びゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ フ ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ リｚヨョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Who t hen does more wrong t han one who rej ect s t he Ayat of Allah and Sadafa away t herefrom) This refers t o t he one who neit her benefit ed from what t he Messenger brought , nor followed what he was sent wit h by abandoning all ot her ways. Rat her, he Sadafa from following t he Ayat of Allah, meaning, he discouraged and hindered people from following it . This is t he explanat ion of As-Suddi for Sadafa, while Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and Qat adah said t hat Sadafa means, he t urned away from it .

ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇モワ∠ ぴ ヂ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヂ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ろレ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ ルや モ ͡ ホ⊥ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ヴ͡プ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ レ⊥ョ ゅｚル͡ま (158. Do t hey t hen wait for anyt hing ot her t han t hat t he angels should come t o t hem, or t hat your Lord should come, or t hat some of t he Signs of your Lord should come! The day t hat some of t he signs of your Lord do come, no good will it do t o a person t o believe t hen, if he believed not before, nor earned good wit h his fait h. Say: "Wait you! We (t oo) are wait ing.")

The Disbelievers Await the Commencement of the Hereafter, or Some of its Portents Allah st ernly t hreat ens t he disbelievers, t hose who defy His Messengers, deny His Ayat and hinder from His pat h,

ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇モワ∠ ぴ びマ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ (Do t hey t hen wait for anyt hing ot her t han t hat t he angels should come t o t hem, or t hat your Lord (Allah) should come...) on t he Day of Resurrect ion,

ヂ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヂ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ びゅ∠ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ (or t hat some of t he signs of your Lord should come! The day t hat some of t he signs of your Lord do come no good will it do t o a person t o believe t hen.) Before t he commencement of t he Day of Resurrect ion, t here will come signs and port ent s of t he Last Hour t hat will be wit nessed by t he people living at t hat t ime. In a sect ion explaining t his Ayah, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ∇リョ͡ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや ノ∠ ヤ⊥∇トゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «リΒ͡ェ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ へ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ワへ∠ケ や∠クみ͡プ∠ (The Last Hour will not commence unt il t he sun rises from t he west . When t he people wit ness t hat , t hey will all believe. This is when.

びモ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろレ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ (no good will it do t o a person t o believe t hen, if he believed not before.)) Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ リ ∠ ∇ィゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠クま͡ ∀ゐゅ∠ヤ∠を» ネ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤデ ⊥ ∩や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ゅ∠ヰル͡ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ヶ͡プ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ モ∇らホ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ろレ∠ ョ∠ へ «チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや る⊥ ｚよや∠キヱ∠ メ ⊥ ゅｚィギｚ ャや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ∇リョ͡ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや (Three, if t hey appear, t hen a soul will not benefit from it s fait h, if it had not believed before or earned good in it s fait h: when t he sun rises from t he west , Ad-Daj j al and t he Beast of t he eart h.) Ahmad also recorded t his Hadit h, and in his narrat ion, t he Prophet ment ioned t he Smoke. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Amr bin Jarir said, "Three Muslim men sat wit h Marwan in Al-Madinah and t hey heard him t alking about t he signs (of t he Last Hour). He said t hat t he first sign will be t he appearance of Ad-Daj j al. So t hese men went t o ` Abdullah bin ` Amr and t old him what t hey heard from Marwan about t he signs. Ibn ` Amr said, Marwan said not hing. I remember t hat I heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

∇リョ͡ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ネ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤデ ⊥ ゅ⇔ィヱ⊥ゲカ ⊥ れ ͡ ゅΑべ∇ャや メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ わ⊥ Αｚ ほ∠プ∠ ヴ⇔エッ ⊥ る͡ よｚ やｚギャや ァ ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲカ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピョ∠ «ゅ∠ワゲ͡ を∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲ∇カほ⊥∇ャゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰわ͡ ら∠ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タ (The first of t he signs t o appear are t he sun rising from t he west and t he Beast t hat appears in t he early morning. Whichever comes before t he ot her, t hen t he second sign will appear soon aft er it .'') Then ` Abdullah said - and he used t o read t he Script ures - "And I t hink t he first of t hem is t he sun rising from t he west . That is because when it set s it comes under t he Throne, prost rat es and seeks permission t o ret urn. So it is permit t ed t o ret urn unt il Allah want s it t o rise from t he west . So it does as it normally would, it comes beneat h t he Throne, it prost rat es and seeks permission t o ret urn. But it will get no response. Then it will seek permission t o ret urn again , but it will get no response, unt il what Allah wills of t he night t o pass goes by,

and it realizes t hat if it is permit t ed t o ret urn it would not be able t o reach t he east . It says; ` My Lord! The east is so far, what good would I be t o t he people' Unt il t he horizons appear as a light less ring, it seeks permission t o ret urn and is t old; ` Rise from your place,' so it rises upon t he people from where it set .'' Then he recit ed,

びモ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろレ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ (no good will it do t o a person t o believe t hen, if he believed not before,) This was also recorded by Muslim in his Sahih, and Abu Dawud and Ibn Maj ah in t heir Sunans. Allah's st at ement ,

びモ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろレ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ (no good will it do t o a person t o believe t hen, if he believed not before,) means, when t he disbeliever believes t hen, it will not be accept ed from him. As for t hose who were believers before, if t hey earned right eous deeds, t hey will have earned a great deal of good. If t hey had not done good nor repent ed before t hen, it will not be accept ed from t hem, according t o t he Hadit hs t hat we ment ioned. This is also t he meaning of Allah's st at ement ,

びや⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ゅ∠ヰレ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ヴ͡プ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (...nor earned good t hrough his fait h. ) meaning, one's good deeds will not be accept ed from him unless he performed good deeds before. Allah said next ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ レ⊥ョ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ ルや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Wait you! We (t oo) are wait ing.") This is a st ern t hreat t o t he disbelievers and a sure promise for t hose who delay embracing t he fait h and repent ing unt il a t ime when fait h or repent ance shall not avail. This will occur when t he sun rises from t he west because t he Last Hour will t hen be imminent and it s maj or signs will have begun t o appear. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

∇ギボ∠ プ∠ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ び ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ゲ∇ミク͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴｚルほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ヰデ ⊥ や∠ゲ∇セぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ (Do t hey t hen await (anyt hing) ot her t han t he Hour, t hat it should come upon t hem suddenly But some of it s port ent s have already come; and when it is upon t hem, how can t hey benefit t hen by t heir reminder) 47:18 , and,

ゅ∠ル∇ゲヘ∠ ⇒∠ミヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠レシ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ゅｚヨ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α マ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ びゅ∠レシ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ (So when t hey saw Our punishment , t hey said: "We believe in Allah alone and rej ect (all) t hat we used t o associat e wit h Him as part ners." Then t heir fait h could not avail t hem when t hey saw Our punishment .) 40:84-85

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ジャｚ ゅ⇔バΒ∠ セ ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲｚ プ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ヰゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ Α⊥ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ͡プ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ (159. Verily, t hose who divide t heir religion and break up int o sect s, you have no concern wit h t hem in t he least . Their affair is only wit h Allah, Who t hen will t ell t hem what t hey used t o do.)

Criticizing Division in the Religion Muj ahid, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak and As-Suddi said t hat t his Ayah was revealed about t he Jews and Christ ians. Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed,

びゅ⇔バΒ∠ セ ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲｚ プ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who divide t heir religion and break up int o sect s...) "Before Muhammad was sent , t he Jews and Christ ians disput ed and divided int o sect s. When Muhammad was sent , Allah revealed t o him,

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ジャｚ ゅ⇔バΒ∠ セ ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲｚ プ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ͡プ (Verily, t hose who divide t heir religion and break up int o sect s, you have no concern wit h t hem in t he least .) It is apparent t hat t his Ayah refers t o all t hose who defy t he religion of Allah, or revert from it . Allah sent His Messenger wit h guidance and t he religion of t rut h so t hat He makes it vict orious and dominant above all religions. His Law is one and does not cont ain any cont radict ion or incongruit y. Therefore, t hose who disput e in t he religion,

びゅ⇔バ∠Βセ ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (...and break up int o sect s,) religious sect s, j ust like t hose who follow t he various sect s, desires and misguidance - t hen Allah has purified His Messenger from t heir ways. In a similar Ayah, Allah said,

ン͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ル ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴｚタヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ͡ Α͡ギャ͡や リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ネ ∠ ゲ∠ セ ∠ぴ びマ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ (He (Allah) has ordained for you t he same religion which He ordained for Nuh, and t hat which We have revealed t o you.) 42:13 A Hadit h reads,

«ギ͡ェや∠ヱ ゅ∠レレ⊥ Α͡キ れ ∃ ゅｚヤハ ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや ゲ⊥ セ ͡ ゅ∠バョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ » (We, t he Prophet s, are half brot hers but have one religion.) This, indeed, is t he st raight pat h which t he Messengers have brought and which commands worshipping Allah alone wit hout part ners and adhering t o t he Law of t he last Messenger whom Allah sent . All ot her pat hs are t ypes of misguidance, ignorance, sheer opinion and desires; and as such, t he Messengers are free from t hem. Allah said here,

び￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ジャｚぴ (You have no concern wit h t hem in t he least ...) 6:159 . Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ヰゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ Α⊥ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (Their affair is only wit h Allah, Who t hen will t ell t hem what t hey used t o do.) is similar t o His st at ement ,

∠リΒ͡ゃ͡ら⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ サ ∠ ヲ⊥イヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚ ャや∠ヱ びる͡ ヨ∠ ⇒Β͡ボ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ⊥ダ ͡ ∇ヘΑ∠ (Verily, t hose who believe, and t hose who are Jews, and t he Sabians, and t he Christ ians, and t he Maj us, and t hose who worship ot hers besides Allah; t ruly, Allah will j udge bet ween t hem on

t he Day of Resurrect ion.) 22:17 eAllah t hen ment ioned His kindness in His decisions and His j ust ice on t he Day of Resurrect ion, when He said,

￢∠ べ∠ィ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ͡ゅ∠ん∇ョぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ゼハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ る͡ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ∠ョぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇んョ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ン∠ゴ∇イΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ る͡ ゃ∠ Βあ ジ ｚ ャゅ͡よ (160. Whoever brings a good deed shall have t en t imes t he like t hereof t o his credit , and whoever brings an evil deed shall have only t he recompense of t he like t hereof, and t hey will not be wronged.)

The Good Deed is Multiplied Tenfold, While the Sin is Recompensed with the Same This Ayah explains t he general Ayah;

びゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ る͡ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ∠ョぴ (Whoever comes wit h good, t hen he will receive bet t er t han t hat .) 28:84 There are several Hadit hs t hat are in agreement wit h t he apparent wording of t his honorable Ayah. Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said about his Lord,

∇ユヤ∠プ∠ る∃ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ よ͡ ユｚ ワ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ェ∠ケ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろら∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろら∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ .り∃ ゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ フ ∃ ゅ∠バ∇ッぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ る∃ も∠ ゅ͡ヨバ͡ ∇らシ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ や⇔ゲ∇ゼハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろら∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ る∃ ゃ∠ Βあ ジ ∠ よ͡ ユｚ ワ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ワヲ⊥エ∇ヨ∠Α ∇ヱぺ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろら∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ «マ͡ャゅ∠ワ ゅｚャま͡ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヰΑ∠ (Your Lord is Most Merciful. Whoever int ends t o perform a good deed and does not do it , it will be writ t en for him as a good deed. If he performs it , it will be writ t en for him as t en deeds, t o seven hundred, t o mult ifold. Whoever int ends t o commit an evil deed, but does not do it , it will be writ t en for him as a good deed. If he commit s it , it will be writ t en for him as a sin, unless Allah erases it . Only t hose who deserve dest ruct ion will be dest royed by Allah.) AlBukhari, Muslim and An-Nasa'i also recorded t his Hadit h. Ahmad also recorded t hat Abu Dharr said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゲ⊥ ∇ゼハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ :モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇んョ͡ ゅ∠ワぼ⊥ や∠ゴイ ∠ プ∠ る⇔ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡コぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ͡ゅ∠ん∇ョぺ∠ ヶ͡レ∠Β͡ボ∠ャ ｚユを⊥ る⇔ ゃ∠ Β͡トカ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠ゲホ⊥ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ビぺ∠ リ ͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⇔りゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇んョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヶ͡よ ポ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ リ ͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ハや∠ケク͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇よゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホや や⇔ゲ∇らセ ͡ ヶ ｚ ャ͡ま ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホや ヶ͡ルゅ∠ゎぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ハゅ∠よ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇よゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホや ゅ⇔ハや∠ケク͡ ヶ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホや «る∠ャヱ∠ ∇ゲワ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ ヶ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ (Allah says, ` Whoever performs a good deed, will have t enfold for it and more. Whoever commit s a sin, t hen his recompense will be t he same, unless I forgive. Whoever commit s t he eart h's fill of sins and t hen meet s Me while associat ing none wit h Me, I will give him it s fill of forgiveness. Whoever draws closer t o Me by a hand's span, I will draw closer t o him by a forearm's lengt h. Whoever draws closer t o Me by a forearm's lengt h, I will draw closer t o him by an arm's lengt h. And whoever comes t o Me walking, I will come t o him running.') Muslim also collect ed t his Hadit h. Know t hat t here are t hree t ypes of people who refrain from commit t ing a sin t hat t hey int ended. There are t hose who refrain from commit t ing t he sin because t hey fear Allah, and t hus will have writ t en for t hem a good deed as a reward. This t ype cont ains bot h a good int ent ion and a good deed. In some narrat ions of t he Sahih, Allah says about t his t ype, "He has left t he sin for My sake.'' Anot her t ype does not commit t he sin because of forget fulness or being busy at t ending t o ot her affairs. This t ype of person will neit her earn a sin, nor a reward. The reason being t hat , t his person did not int end t o do good, nor commit evil. Some people abandon t he sin because t hey were unable t o commit it or due t o laziness, aft er t rying t o commit it and seeking t he means t hat help commit it . This person is j ust like t he person who commit s t he sin. There is an aut hent ic Hadit h t hat st at es,

メ ⊥ ヲ⊥わ∇ボヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ⊥ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヘ∠ ∇Βジ ∠ よ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ボわ∠ ∇ャや や∠クま͡» «ケゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ (When t wo Muslims meet wit h t heir swords, t hen t he killer and t he killed will be in t he Fire.) They said, "O Allah's Messenger! We know about t he killer, so what about t he killed'' He said,

«ヮ͡らェ ͡ ゅ∠タ モ ͡ ∇わホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔ダΑ͡ゲェ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡» (He was eager t o kill his companion.) Al-Hafiz Abu Al-Qasim At -Tabarani said t hat Abu Malik AlAsh` ari said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ヤゎ∠ ヶ͡わャｚや る͡ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∀り∠ケゅｚヘ∠ミ る⊥ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや» :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚΕ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ∩∃ュゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ を∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ り⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠Αコ͡ ヱ∠ びゅ∠ヰャ͡ゅ∠ん∇ョぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ゼハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ る͡ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ∠ョぴ « (Friday (prayer) t o t he next Friday (preayer), plus t hree more days, erase what ever was commit t ed (of sins) bet ween t hem. This is because Allah says: Whoever brings a good deed shall have t en t imes t he like t hereof t o his credit ) Abu Dharr narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ュ∠ ゅ∠タ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ヰセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る∠ を∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠タ ∇リョ∠ » «ヮｚヤミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ワギｚ ャや (Whoever fast s t hree days every mont h, will have fast ed all t he t ime.) Ahmad, An-Nasa'i, and Ibn Maj ah recorded t his Hadit h, and t his is Ahmad's wording. At -Tirmidhi also recorded it wit h t his addit ion;

«ヮよゅわミ ヶプ マャク ペΑギダゎ ぶや メゴルほプ» (So Allah sent down affirmat ion of t his st at ement in His Book, )

びゅ∠ヰャ͡ゅ∠ん∇ョぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ゼハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ る͡ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ∠ョぴ (Whoever brings a good deed shall have t en t imes t he like t hereof t o his credit ,)

«ュゅΑぺ りゲゼバよ ュヲΒャや» (Therefore, a day earns t en days.) At -Tirmidhi said; "This Hadit h is Hasan''. There are many ot her Hadit hs and st at ement s on t his subj ect , but what we ment ioned should be sufficient , Allah willing, and our t rust is in Him.

ゅ⇔レΑ͡キ ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ͡ルや∠ギワ∠ ヴ͡レルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ - ∠リΒ͡ミ͡ゲ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ る∠ ヤｚョあ ゅ⇔ヨΒ∠ ホ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ヴ͡ゎゅ∠ヨョ∠ ヱ∠ ∠ンゅ∠Β∇エ∠ョ∠ヱ ヴ͡ムジ ⊥ ル⊥ ∠ヱ ヴ͡ゎΚ ∠タ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ Α͡ゲセ ∠ Ι ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ (161. Say: "Truly, my Lord has guided me t o a st raight pat h, a right religion, t he religion of Ibrahim, Hanifan (monot heism) and he was not of t he Mushrikin.") (162. Say: "Verily, my Salah, my sacrifice, my living, and my dying are for Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s.'') (163. "He has no part ner. And of t his I have been commanded, and I am t he first of t he Muslims.")

Islam is the Straight Path Allah commands His Prophet , t he chief of t he Messengers, t o convey t he news of being guided t o Allah's st raight pat h. This pat h is neit her wicked, nor deviant ,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ∠ ホ͡ ゅ⇔レΑ͡キぴ (a right religion...) t hat is, est ablished on firm grounds,

びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ る∠ ヤｚョ͡ ぴ (The religion of Ibrahim, Hanifan and he was not of t he Mushrikin.) Allah said in similar Ayat ,

びヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ヮ∠ ヘ͡ シ ∠ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ユΒ͡ワ∠ゲ∇よ͡ま る͡ ヤｚョあ リ∠ハ ょ ⊥ ビ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And who t urns away from t he religion of Ibrahim except him who deludes himself) 2:130 , and,

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠らわ∠ ∇ィや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ロ͡ ギ͡ ⇒∠ヰィ ͡ ペ ｚェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ͡プ やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡よぺ∠ る∠ ヤｚョあ ァ ∃ ゲ∠ ェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ びユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ (And st rive hard in Allah's cause as you ought t o st rive. He has chosen you, and has not laid upon you in religion any hardship: it is t he religion of your fat her Ibrahim.) 22:78 , and,

リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ゅ⇔わレ͡ ⇒∠ホ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ や∠ギワ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠らわ∠ ∇ィや ヮ͡ ヨ͡ バ⊥ ∇ルΙ や⇔ゲ͡ミゅ∠セ - リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や￢∠ヱ - ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ラ ͡ ぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ る∠ ヤｚョ͡ ∇ノら͡ ゎｚ や (Verily, Ibrahim was an Ummah (or a nat ion), obedient t o Allah, a Hanif, and he was not one of t he Mushrikin. (He was) t hankful for His (Allah's) favors. He (Allah) chose him (as an int imat e friend) and guided him t o a st raight pat h. And We gave him good in t his world, and in t he Hereaft er he shall be of t he right eous. Then, We have sent t he revelat ion t o you (saying): "Follow t he religion of Ibrahim, (he was a) Hanif, and he was not of t he Mushrikin'') 16:120123 . Ordering t he Prophet t o follow t he religion of Ibrahim, t he Hanifiyyah, does not mean t hat Prophet Ibrahim reached more perfect ion in it t han our Prophet . Rat her, our Prophet perfect ly est ablished t he religion and it was complet ed for him; and none before him reached t his level of perfect ion. This is why he is t he Final Prophet , t he chief of all t he Children of Adam who holds t he st at ion of praise and glory, t he honor of int ercession on t he Day of Resurrect ion. All creat ion (on t hat Day) will seek him, even Ibrahim t he friend of Allah, peace be upon him t o request t he beginning of Judgement . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was asked, ` Which religion is t he best wit h Allah, t he Exalt ed' He said,

«る∠エ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや る⊥ ｚΒヘ͡ Β͡レエ ∠ ∇ャや» (Al-Hanifiyyah As-Samhah (t he easy monot heism))''

The Command for Sincerity in Worship Allah said next ,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ヴ͡ゎゅ∠ヨョ∠ ヱ∠ ∠ンゅ∠Β∇エ∠ョ∠ヱ ヴ͡ムジ ⊥ ル⊥ ∠ヱ ヴ͡ゎΚ ∠タ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ (Say: "Verily, my Salah, my sacrifice, my living, and my dying are for Allah, t he Lord of t he all t hat exist s.") Allah commands t he Prophet t o inform t he idolat ors who worship ot her t han Allah and sacrifice t o somet hing ot her t han Him, t hat he opposes t hem in all t his, for his prayer is for Allah, and his rit uals are in His Name alone, wit hout part ners. Allah said in a similar st at ement ,

び ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ルや∠ヱ マ ∠ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ モ あダ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Therefore t urn in prayer t o your Lord and sacrifice.) 108:2 , meaning, make your prayer and sacrifice for Allah alone. As for t he idolat ors, t hey used t o worship t he idols and sacrifice t o t hem, so Allah commanded t he Prophet t o defy t hem and cont radict t heir pract ices. Allah, t he Exalt ed, commanded him t o dedicat e his int ent ion and heart t o being sincere for Him alone. Muj ahid comment ed,

びヴ͡ムジ ⊥ ル⊥ ∠ヱ ヴ͡ゎΚ ∠タ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, my prayer and my Nusuk...) refers t o sacrificing during Haj j and ` Umrah.

Islam is the Religion of all Prophets The Ayah,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and I am t he first of t he Muslims.) means, from t his Ummah, according t o Qat adah. This is a sound meaning, because all Prophet s before our Prophet were calling t o Islam, which commands worshipping Allah alone wit hout part ners. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥ル Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ (And We did not send any Messenger before you but We revealed t o him (saying): "None has t he right t o be worshipped but I, so worship Me.'') 21:25 Allah informed us t hat Nuh said t o his people,

Ι ｚ ま͡ ン ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ゲ∃ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (But if you t urn away, t hen no reward have I asked of you, my reward is only from Allah, and I have been commanded t o be of t he Muslims.) 10:72 Allah said,

ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ヮ∠ ヘ͡ シ ∠ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ る͡ ヤｚョあ リ∠ハ ょ ⊥ ビ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ルｚま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βヘ∠ ト ∠ ∇タや ギ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ユヤ͡∇シぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ヮ͡ Β͡レよ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ べ∠ヰよ͡ ヴｚタヱ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ ャ͡ Κ ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ Αあギャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ヘト ∠ ∇タや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ ｚ レ͡ ら∠ ⇒∠Α ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョぁ ユ⊥わル∠ぺヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま∠ リ ｚ ゎ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ (And who t urns away from t he religion of Ibrahim except him who deludes himself Truly, We chose him in t his world and verily, in t he Hereaft er he will be among t he right eous. When his Lord said t o him, "Submit (i.e. be a Muslim)!'' He said, "I have submit t ed myself (as a Muslim) t o t he Lord of t he all t hat exist s.'' And t his was enj oined by Ibrahim upon his sons and by Ya` qub (saying), "O my sons! Allah has chosen for you t he (t rue) religion, t hen die not except as Muslims.") 2:130-132 . Yusuf, peace be upon him, said,

モ ͡ Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇ヨヤｚハ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ͡ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βゎ∠ へ ∇ギホ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ ヴ あ ャ͡ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ デ ͡ ゅ∠プ ゑ ͡ Α͡キゅ∠ェΙ ｘや ヴ͡レ∇ボ͡エ∇ャ∠ぺ∠ヱ ゅ⇔ヨ͡ヤ∇ジョ⊥ ヴ͡レプｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ゅ∠Βル⊥ ギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ びリ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャゅ͡よ (My Lord! You have indeed best owed on me of t he sovereignt y, and t aught me somet hing of t he int erpret at ion of dreams -- t he (Only) Creat or of t he heavens and t he eart h! You are my Wali (Prot ect or) in t his world and in t he Hereaft er. Cause me t o die as a Muslim, and j oin me wit h t he right eous.) 12:101 Musa said,

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レョ∠ や￢ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠レ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョぁ ユ⊥わ∇レミ⊥ ラ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ヤミｚ ∠ヲ∠ゎ ゅ∠レイ あ ル∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ヤャあ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ (And Musa said: "O my people! If you have believed in Allah, t hen put your t rust in Him if you are Muslims." They said: "In Allah we put our t rust . Our Lord! Make us not a t rial for t he folk who are wrongdoers. And save us by your mercy from t he disbelieving folk'') 10:84-86 Allah said,

ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ∀ケヲ⊥ルヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ り∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べｚル͡まぴ ラ ∠ ヲぁΒル͡ ゅｚよゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ヲぁΒら͡ レｚ ャや びケ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇ェΙ ｘ や∠ヱ (Verily, We did send down t he Tawrah, t herein was guidance and light , by which t he Prophet s, who submit t ed t hemselves t o Allah's will, j udged for t he Jews. And t he rabbis and t he priest s did also .) 5:44 , and,

ヴ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ∇ラぺ∠ リ ∠ ΒΑあ ケ͡ や∠ヲエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅ∠レルｚ ∠ほ͡よ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヴ͡ャヲ⊥シゲ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ (And when I (Allah) inspired Al-Hawariyyun (t he disciples) of ` Isa t o believe in Me and My Messenger, t hey said: "We believe. And bear wit ness t hat we are Muslims.") 5:111 Therefore, Allah st at es t hat He sent all His Messengers wit h t he religion of Islam, alt hough t heir respect ive laws differed from each ot her, and some of t hem abrogat ed ot hers. Lat er on, t he Law sent wit h Muhammad abrogat ed all previous laws and not hing will ever abrogat e it , forever. Cert ainly, Muhammad's Law will always be apparent and it s flags raised high, unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. The Prophet said, C

«ギ͡ェや∠ヱ ゅ∠レレ⊥ Α͡キ れ ∃ ゅｚヤハ ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや ゲ⊥ セ ͡ ゅ∠バョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ » (We, t he Prophet s, are half brot hers, but our religion is one.) Half brot hers, ment ioned in t he Hadit h, refers t o t he brot hers t o one fat her, but different mot hers. Therefore, t he religion, represent ing t he one fat her, is one; worshipping Allah alone wit hout part ners, even t hough t he

laws which are like t he different mot hers in t his parable, are different . Allah t he Most High knows best . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Ali said t hat when t he Messenger of Allah used t o st art t he prayer wit h Takbir saying, "Allahu Akbar'' (Allah is t he Great ) he would t hen supplicat e,

チ ∠ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ れ ͡ や∠ヲヨ∠ ジ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ヵ͡グヤｚャ͡ ヶ ∠ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヰｚィヱ∠ » ヶ͡ムジ ⊥ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ゎゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∩∠リΒ͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ «リΒ͡ヨャ∠ゅ∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ぶ ͡ ヶ͡ゎゅ∠ヨョ∠ ヱ∠ ∠ヵゅ∠Β∇エ∠ョ∠ヱ (I have direct ed my face t owards He Who has creat ed t he heavens and eart h, Hanifan and I am not among t he Mushrikin. Cert ainly, my prayer, sacrifice, living and dying are all for Allah, Lord of t he worlds.)

ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∩∠ろ∇ル∠ぺ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ マ ⊥ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» ヶ͡ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プ ヶ͡ら∇ルグ∠ よ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇プゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ハや∠ヱ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ポ ∠ ギ⊥ ∇らハ ∠ ヶ͡ルギ͡ ∇ワや∠ヱ ∩∠ろ∇ル∠ぺ ゅｚャま͡ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ルグぁ ャや ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヶ͡よヲ⊥ルク⊥ ∩∠ろ∇ルぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰレ͡ ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠ャ͡ ヵ͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ベ ͡ ゅ∠ヤ∇カほ∠∇ャや リ ͡ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠ャ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ ヶあレハ ∠ フ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ダΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ゅ∠ヰゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ ヶあレハ ∠ ∇フゲ͡ ∇タや∠ヱ «マ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎぺ∠ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ∩∠ろ∇Βャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ミケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ∩∠ろ∇ルぺ∠ (O Allah! You are t he King, t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except You. You are my Lord and I am Your servant . I have commit t ed wrong against myself and admit t ed t o my error, so forgive me all my sins. Verily, You, only You forgive t he sins. (O Allah!) Direct me t o t he best conduct , for none except You direct s t o t he best conduct . Divert me from t he worst conduct , for only You divert from t he worst conduct . Glorified and Exalt ed You are. I seek Your forgiveness and repent t o You.) This Hadit h, which was also recorded by Muslim in t he Sahih, cont inues and ment ions t he Prophet 's supplicat ion in his bowing, prost rat ing and final sit t ing posit ions.

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ６よ∠ケ ヴ͡ピ∇よ∠ぺ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ケ∠ ∇コヱ͡ り∀ ケ∠ コ͡ や∠ヱ ケ⊥ ゴ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ょ ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ムゎ∠

∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ムゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲｚョ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ｚユを⊥ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ (164. Say: "Shall I seek a lord ot her t han Allah, while He is t he Lord of all t hings No person earns any (sin) except against himself (only), and no bearer of burdens shall bear t he burden of anot her. Then unt o your Lord is your ret urn, so He will t ell you t hat wherein you have been differing.")

The Command to Sincerely Trust in Allah Allah said,

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say), O Muhammad , t o t hose idolat ors, about worshipping Allah alone and t rust ing in Him,

びゅ６よ∠ケ ヴ͡ピ∇よ∠ぺ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Shall I seek a lord ot her t han Allah...) 6:164 ,

び￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (while He is t he Lord of all t hings ) and Who prot ect s and saves me and governs all my affairs But , I only t rust in Him and go back t o Him, because He is t he Lord of everyt hing, Owner of all t hings and His is t he creat ion and t he decision. This Ayah commands sincerely t rust ing Allah, while t he Ayah before it commands sincerely worshipping Allah alone wit hout part ners. These t wo meanings are oft en ment ioned t oget her in t he Qur'an. Allah direct s His servant s t o proclaim,

びリ ⊥ Β͡バわ∠ ∇ジル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ぴ (You (alone) we worship, and You (alone) we ask for help (for each and every t hing).) 1:5 Allah said,

びヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プぴ (So worship Him and put your t rust in Him.) 11:123 , and

びゅ∠レ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "He is t he Most Gracious (Allah), in Him we believe, and in Him we put our t rust ''.) 67:29 , and,

ロ⊥ ∇グガ ͡ ｚゎゅ∠プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ゆ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケｚ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ (Lord of t he east and t he west ; none has t he right t o be worshipped but He. So t ake Him a guardian.) 73:9 There are similar Ayat on t his subj ect .

Every Person Carries His Own Burden Allah said,

り∀ ケ∠ コ͡ や∠ヱ ケ⊥ ゴ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ょ ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ケ∠ ∇コヱ͡ (No person earns any (sin) except against himself (only), and no bearer of burdens shall bear t he burden of anot her.) t hus emphasizing Allah's reckoning, decision and j ust ice t hat will occur on t he Day of Resurrect ion. The souls will only be recompensed for t heir deeds, good for good and evil for evil. No person shall carry t he burden of anot her person, a fact t hat indicat es Allah's perfect j ust ice. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ヨェ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ る∀ ヤ∠ボ∠ ∇んョ⊥ ネ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ びヴ∠よ∇ゲホ⊥ や∠ク ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ (And if one heavily laden calls anot her t o (bear) his load, not hing of it will be lift ed even t hough he be near of kin.) 35:18 , and,

びゅ⇔ヨ∇ツワ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ フ ⊥ ゅ∠ガΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then he will have no fear of inj ust ice, nor of any curt ailment (of his reward).) 20:112 Scholars of Tafsir comment ed, "No person will be wronged by carrying t he evil deeds of anot her person, nor will his own good deeds be curt ailed or decreased.'' Allah also said;

ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ∀るレ∠ Β͡ワケ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ び ͡リΒ͡ヨ∠Β∇ャや (Every person is a pledge for what he has earned. Except t hose on t he Right .) 74:38-39 , meaning, every person will be t ied t o his evil deeds. But , for t hose on t he right -- t he believers -- t he blessing of t heir good works will benefit t heir offspring and relat ives, as well. Allah said in Surat At -Tur,

ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠エ∇ャ∠ぺ リ ∃ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡みよ͡ ユ⊥ヰわ⊥ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わバ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ユ͡ヰヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇わャ∠ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ｚΑあケク⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ (And t hose who believe and whose offspring follow t hem in fait h, t o t hem shall We j oin t heir offspring, and We shall not decrease t he reward of t heir deeds in anyt hing.) 52:21 , meaning, We shall elevat e t heir offspring t o t heir high grades in Paradise, even t hough t he deeds of t he offspring were less right eous, since t hey shared fait h wit h t hem in it s general form. Allah says, We did not decrease t he grades of t hese right eous believers so t hat t hose (t heir offspring and relat ives) who have lesser grades, can share t he same grades as t hem. Rat her Allah elevat ed t he lesser believers t o t he grades of t heir parent s by t he blessing of t heir parent s' good works, by His favor and bount y. Allah said next (in Surat At -Tur),

び∀リΒ∠ワ∠ケ ょ ∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや ぁモミ⊥ ぴ (Every person is a pledge for t hat which he has earned.) st at ement here,

52:21 , meaning, of evil. Allah's

ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ムゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲｚョ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ (Then unt o your Lord is your ret urn, so He will t ell you t hat wherein you have been differing.) means, work you (disbelievers), and we will also work. Surely, bot h you and us will be gat hered t o Allah and He will inform us of our deeds and your deeds and t he decision on what we used t o disput e about in t he life of t his world. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ゅｚヨ∠ハ モ ⊥ ⇒∠∇ジル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ べｚヨハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジゎ⊥ Ι ｚ モ⊥ホぴ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ウ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇モホ⊥ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ び ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゥ ⊥ ゅｚわヘ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (Say: "You will not be asked about our sins, nor shall we be asked of what you do." Say: "Our Lord will assemble us all t oget her, t hen He will j udge bet ween us wit h t rut h. And He is t he Just Judge, t he All-Knower of t he t rue st at e of affairs.") 34:25-26 .

ノ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや ブ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤカ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ゎへ べ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ あャ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ (165. And it is He Who has made you generat ions coming aft er generat ions, replacing each ot her on t he eart h. And He has raised you in ranks, some above ot hers t hat He may t ry you in t hat which He has best owed on you. Surely, your Lord is Swift in ret ribut ion, and cert ainly He is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

Allah Made Mankind Dwellers on the earth, Generation After Generation, of Various Grades, in order to Test Them Allah said,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやブ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤカ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And it is He Who has made you generat ions coming aft er generat ions, replacing each ot her on t he eart h.) meaning, He made you dwell on t he eart h generat ion aft er generat ion, cent ury aft er cent ury and offspring aft er forefat hers, according t o Ibn Zayd and ot hers. Allah also said,

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ る⇔ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョｚ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ (And if it were Our will, We would have made angels t o replace you on t he eart h) 43:60 , and,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ￢∠ べ∠ヘヤ∠ェ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And makes you inherit ors of t he Eart h, generat ions aft er generat ions.) 27:62 , and

びる⇔ ヘ∠ Β͡ヤカ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΕ ∠ や ヴ͡プ ∀モ͡ハゅ∠ィ ヶあルま͡ぴ (Verily, I am going t o place (mankind) generat ions aft er generat ions on eart h.) 2:30 , and,

ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ヘ∠ ヤ͡∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ｚヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ゲ∠ ヌ ⊥ レ∠Βプ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや (It may be t hat your Lord will dest roy your enemy and make you successors on t he eart h, so t hat He may see how you act .) 7:129 Allah's st at ement ,

びろ ∃ ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ノ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He has raised you in ranks, some above ot hers,) means, He has made you different from each ot her wit h regards t o provision, conduct , qualit ies, evilness, shapes, color of skin, and so fort h, and He has t he perfect wisdom in all t his. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ゼ ∠ Β͡バョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨジ ∠ ホ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ぴ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Β∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バプ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ びゅ⇔Α∂ ゲ͡ ∇ガシ ⊥ ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ヰツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ (It is We Who port ion out bet ween t hem t heir livelihood in t his world, and We raised some of t hem above ot hers in ranks, so t hat some may employ ot hers in t heir work.) 43:32 , and,

り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Κ ｘ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤツ ｚ プ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルやぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ツ∇ヘゎ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ (See how We prefer one above anot her (in t his world), and verily, t he Hereaft er will be great er in degrees and great er in preferment .) 17:21 Allah's st at ement ,

びユ⊥ム⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ あャぴ (t hat He may t ry you in t hat which He has best owed on you.) means, so t hat He t est s you in what He has grant ed you, for Allah t ries t he rich concerning his wealt h and will ask him about how he appreciat ed it . He also t ries t he poor concerning his povert y and will ask him about his pat ience wit h it . Muslim recorded t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ヘ⊥ ヤ͡∇ガわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ツ ͡ カ ∠ ∀り∠ヲ∇ヤェ ⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» ￢∠ ゅ∠ジレあ ャや やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ ∩∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ や∠クゅ∠ョ ∀ゲニ ͡ ゅ∠レプ∠ «￢ゅ∠ジレあ ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ モ ∠ Β͡もや∠ゲ∇シま͡ ヶ͡レよ∠ る͡ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ (Verily, t his life is beaut iful and green, and Allah made you dwell in it generat ion aft er generat ion so t hat He sees what you will do. Therefore, beware of t his life and beware of women, for t he first t rial t hat t he Children of Israel suffered from was wit h women.) Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, your Lord is swift in ret ribut ion, and cert ainly He is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) t his is bot h discouragement and encouragement , by reminding t he believers t hat Allah is swift in reckoning and punishment wit h t hose who disobey Him and defy His Messengers,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ケ∀ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And cert ainly He is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) for t hose who t ake Him as prot ect or and follow His Messengers in t he news and commandment s t hey conveyed. Allah oft en ment ions t hese t wo at t ribut es t oget her in t he Qur'an. Allah said,

ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤニ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤあャ り∃ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヱ⊥グャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギゼ ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ (But verily, your Lord is full of forgiveness for mankind in spit e of t heir wrongdoing. And verily, your Lord is (also) severe in punishment ) 13:6 , and,

ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ヴあルぺ∠ ン͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇￢ヴあらル∠ ぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヴ͡よや∠グハ ∠ (Declare unt o My servant s, t hat t ruly, I am t he Oft -Forgiving, t he Most Merciful. And t hat My t orment is indeed t he most painful t orment .) 15:49-50 There are similar Ayat t hat cont ain encouragement and discouragement . Somet imes Allah calls His servant s t o Him wit h encouragement , describing Paradise and making t hem eager for what He has wit h Him. Somet imes, He calls His servant s wit h discouragement , ment ioning t he Fire and it s t orment and punishment , as well as, t he Day of Resurrect ion and it s horrors. Somet imes Allah ment ions bot h so t hat each person is affect ed by it according t o his or her qualit ies. We ask Allah t hat He makes us among t hose who obey what He has commanded, avoid what He has prohibit ed, and believe in Him as He has informed. Cert ainly, He is Near, hears and answers t he supplicat ion, and He is t he Most Kind, Generous and Best owing. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ノ∠ ヨ͡ デ ∠ ゅ∠ョ る͡ よ∠ ヲ⊥ボバ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ゅ∠ョ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ヲャ∠» リ ∠ ョ͡ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ͡やゅ∠ョ ゲ⊥ プ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∀ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ レｚ イ ∠ よ͡ る∠ も∠ ゅ͡ョ ぶ ⊥ や ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ テ ∠ レ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨェ ∠ や∠ゲわ∠ Α∠ ヮ͡ ボ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ ノ∠ ッ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ «ラヲ⊥バ∇ジゎ͡ ヱ∠ る∀ バ∠ ∇ジゎ͡ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ヱ∠ (If t he believer knew Allah's punishment , no one will hope in ent ering His Paradise. And if t he disbeliever knew Allah's mercy, no one will feel hopeless of acquiring Paradise. Allah creat ed a hundred kinds of mercy. He sent down one of t hem t o His creat ion, and t hey are merciful t o each ot her on t hat account . Wit h Allah, t here remains ninet y-nine kinds of mercy.) Muslim and At -Tirmidhi also recorded t his Hadit h, At -Tirmidhi said "Hasan''. Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヶ͡プ ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ぶ ⊥ やペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠» «ヶ͡らツ ∠ ビ ∠ ょ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ピゎ∠ ヶ͡わヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ (When Allah creat ed t he creat ion, He wrot e in a Book, and t his Book is wit h Him above t he Throne: ` My mercy overcomes My anger.') This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-An` am, all t he t hanks and appreciat ion for Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-A` raf

(Chapter - 7) Which was revealed in Makkah In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ポ ∠ ケ͡ ∇ギタ ∠ ヴ͡プ リ⊥ムΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ - ゾヨャやぴ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ や - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ケ∠ グ͡ レわ⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ァ ∀ ゲ∠ ェ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ ユ⊥ム∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ (1. Alif-Lam-Mim-Sad.) (2. (This is t he) Book (t he Qur'an) sent down unt o you, so let not your breast be narrow t herefrom, t hat you warn t hereby; and a reminder unt o t he believers.) (3. Follow what has been sent down unt o you from your Lord, and follow not any Awliya' (prot ect ors), besides Him (Allah). Lit t le do you remember!) We ment ioned before t he explanat ion of t he let t ers such as, Alif-Lam, t hat are in t he beginning of some Surahs in t he Qur'an .

びマ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミぴ ((This is t he) Book (t he Qur'an) sent down unt o you (O Muhammad)), from your Lord,

びヮ⊥ ∇レョあ ァ ∀ ゲ∠ ェ ∠ ポ ∠ ケ͡ ∇ギタ ∠ ヴ͡プ リ⊥ムΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so let not your breast be narrow t herefrom,) meaning, having doubt about it according t o Muj ahid, Qat adah and As-Suddi. It was also said t hat t he meaning here is: ` do not hesit at e t o convey t he Qur'an and warn wit h it ,'

びモ ͡シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ュ͡ ∇ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ∠ ら∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プぴ (Therefore be pat ient as did t he Messengers of st rong will) 46:35 . Allah said here,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥わャ͡ぴ (t hat you warn t hereby) meaning, ` We sent down t he Qur'an so t hat you may warn t he disbelievers wit h it ,'

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ンゲ∠ ∇ミク͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and a reminder unt o t he believers). Allah t hen said t o t he world,

び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ ユ⊥ム∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ やぴ (Follow what has been sent down unt o you from your Lord) meaning, follow and imit at e t he unlet t ered Prophet , who brought you a Book t hat was revealed for you, from t he Lord and mast er of everyt hing.

び￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and follow not any Awliya', besides Him (Allah)) meaning, do not disregard what t he Messenger brought you and follow somet hing else, for in t his case, you will be deviat ing from Allah's j udgment t o t he decision of someone else. Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ぴ (Lit t le do you remember!) is similar t o,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ ろ ∠ ∇タゲ∠ ェ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And most of mankind will not believe even if you desire it eagerly) 12:103 , and;

リ∠ハ ポ ∠ ヲぁヤツ ͡ Α⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇ノト ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ (And if you obey most of t hose on t he eart h, t hey will mislead you far away from Allah's pat h) 6:116 , and,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And most of t hem believe not in Allah except t hat t hey at t ribut e part ners unt o Him) 12:106 .

∇ユワ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔わ⇒∠Βよ∠ ゅ∠レシ ⊥ ∇ほよ∠ ゅ∠ワ￢∠ べ∠イプ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ ユ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ま͡ べ∠レシ ⊥ ∇ほよ∠ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヲ∇ハキ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲヤ⊥も͡ べ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ヤ∠⇒∠∇ジレ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤバ͡ よ͡ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ｚダ ｚ ボ⊥ レ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ｚ ヤ∠⇒∠∇ジレ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡らも͡ べ∠ビ ゅｚレミ⊥ (4. And a great number of t owns We dest royed. Our t orment came upon t hem by night or while t hey were t aking t heir midday nap.) (5. No cry did t hey ut t er when Our t orment came upon t hem but t his: "Verily, we were wrongdoers.'') (6. Then surely, We shall quest ion t hose (people) t o whom it was sent and verily, We shall quest ion t he Messengers.) (7. Then surely, We shall narrat e unt o t hem (t heir whole st ory) wit h knowledge, and indeed We have not been absent .)

Nations that were destroyed Allah said,

びゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ ユ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And a great number of t owns We dest royed.) for defying Our Messengers and rej ect ing t hem. This behavior led t hem t o earn disgrace in t his life, which led t hem t o disgrace in t he Hereaft er. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ͡よ ベ ∠ ゅ∠エプ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ モ ∃シ ⊥ ゲ⊥ よ͡ ￢∠ ン͡ゴ∇ヰわ⊥ ∇シや ギ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲガ ͡シ ∠ (And indeed (many) Messengers before you were mocked at , but t heir scoffers were surrounded by t he very t hing t hat t hey used t o mock at ) 6:10 , and

ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ニ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ リΑあ ほ∠ム∠ プ∠ ぴ ギ∃ Β͡ゼョｚ ゲ∃ ∇ダホ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ ヤ∠ト ｚ バ∠ ョぁ ゲ∃ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰセ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲハ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∀ Α∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠カ び

(And many a t ownship did We dest roy while t hey were given t o wrongdoing, so t hat it lie in ruins (up t o t his day), and (many) a desert ed well and loft y cast le!) 22:45 , and,

マ ∠ ∇ヤわ͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ ゼ ∠ Β͡バョ∠ ∇れゲ∠ ト ͡ よ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ リ∠ム∇ジゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ム͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡をケ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや (And how many a t own have We dest royed, which was t hankless for it s means of livelihood And t hose are t heir dwellings, which have not been inhabit ed aft er t hem except a lit t le. And verily, We have been t he heirs) 28:58 . Allah's saying,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤも͡ べ∠ホ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔わ⇒∠Βよ∠ ゅ∠レシ ⊥ ∇ほよ∠ ゅ∠ワ￢∠ べ∠イプ∠ ぴ (Our t orment came upon t hem by night or while t hey were t aking t heir midday nap. ) means, Allah's command, t orment and vengeance came over t hem at night or while t aking a nap in t he middle of t he day. Bot h of t hese t imes are periods of rest and leisure or heedlessness and amusement . Allah also said

∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔わ⇒∠Βよ∠ ゅ∠レシ ⊥ ∇ほよ∠ ユ⊥ヰΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ゅ∠レシ ⊥ ∇ほよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ぺ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨも͡ べ∠ル び ∠ラヲ⊥ら∠バ∇ヤ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ⇔エッ ⊥ (Did t he people of t he t owns t hen feel secure against t he coming of Our punishment by night while t hey were asleep Or, did t he people of t he t owns t hen feel secure against t he coming of Our punishment in t he forenoon while t hey were playing) 7:97-98 and,

ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ブ ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ れ ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲム∠ ョ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや ∇ヱぺ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ∇バヨ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ら͡ ヤぁボ∠ ゎ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ グ∠ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ フ ∀ ヱ⊥ぼゲ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ フ ∃ ヲぁ ガ ∠ ゎ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ グ∠ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠

(Do t hen t hose who devise evil plot s feel secure t hat Allah will not sink t hem int o t he eart h, or t hat t he t orment will not seize t hem from direct ions t hey perceive not Or t hat He may cat ch t hem in t he midst of t heir going t o and from, so t hat t here be no escape for t hem Or t hat He may cat ch t hem wit h gradual wast age. Truly, Your Lord is indeed full of kindness, Most Merciful) 16:45-47 . Allah's saying;

∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ま͡ べ∠レシ ⊥ ∇ほよ∠ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヲ∇ハキ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま (No cry did t hey ut t er when Our t orment came upon t hem but t his: "Verily, we were wrongdoers.'') This means, when t he t orment came t o t hem, t heir cry was t hat t hey admit t ed t heir sins and t hat t hey deserved t o be punished. Allah said in a similar Ayah,

びる⇔ ヨ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヨダ ∠ ホ∠ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (How many a t own given t o wrongdoing, have We dest royed) 21:11 , unt il,

びリ ∠ Α͡ギヨ͡ ⇒∠カぴ (Ext inct ) 21:15 . Allah's saying.

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ヤ∠⇒∠∇ジレ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then surely, We shall quest ion t hose (people) t o whom it (t he Book) was sent ) is similar t o t he Ayat ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇らィ ∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クゅ∠ョ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ⇒∠レΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And (remember) t he Day (Allah) will call t hem, and say: "What answer gave you t o t he Messengers'') 28:65 , and,

Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らィ ͡ ぺ⊥ へ∠クゅ∠ョ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ モ ∠シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ びゆ ͡ ヲ⊥Βピ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ⇒ｚヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ べ∠レ∠ャ ユ∠ ∇ヤハ ͡ (On t he Day when Allah will gat her t he Messengers t oget her and say t o t hem: "What was t he response you received'' They will say: "We have no knowledge, verily, only You are t he Knower of all t hat is unseen.'') 5:109 . Allah will quest ion t he nat ions, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, how

t hey responded t o His Messengers and t he Messages He sent t hem wit h. He will also quest ion t he Messengers if t hey conveyed His Messages. So, ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, who said comment ing on t he Ayah:

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ｚ ヤ∠⇒∠∇ジレ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ヤ∠⇒∠∇ジレ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then surely, We shall quest ion t hose (people) t o whom it (t he Book) was sent and verily, We shall quest ion t he Messengers.) He said; "About what t hey conveyed.'' Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡らも͡ べ∠ビ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤバ͡ よ͡ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ｚダ ｚ ボ⊥ レ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then surely, We shall narrat e unt o t hem (t heir whole st ory) wit h knowledge, and indeed We have not been absent .) "The Book will be brought fort h on t he Day of Resurrect ion and it will speak, disclosing what t hey used t o do.''

びリ ∠ Β͡らも͡ べ∠ビ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and indeed We have not been absent ) meaning, On t he Day of Resurrect ion, Allah will inform His servant s about what t hey said and did, whet her subst ant ial or minor. Cert ainly, He wit nesses t o everyt hing, not hing escapes His observat ion, and He is never unaware of anyt hing. Rat her, He has perfect knowledge of what t he eyes are deluded by and what t he heart s conceal,

ヴ͡プ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ ホ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ リ͡ョ テ ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ザ ∃ よ͡ ゅ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ∇デケ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ (Not a leaf falls, but He knows it . There is not a grain in t he darkness of t he eart h nor anyt hing fresh or dry, but is writ t en in a Clear Record.) 6:59

マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ⊥ レ⊥ Α͡コヲ∠ ョ∠ ∇ろヤ∠ボ⊥ を∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ⊥ ∇コヲ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ⊥ レ⊥ Α͡コヲ∠ ョ∠ ∇ろヘｚ カ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ヰジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲジ ͡カ ∠

(8. And t he weighing on t hat Day will be t he t rue (weighing). So, as for t hose whose scale (of good deeds) will be heavy, t hey will be t he successful (by ent ering Paradise).) (9. And as for t hose whose scale will be light , t hey are t hose who will lose t hemselves for t heir wrongful behavior wit h Our Ayat .)

The Meaning of weighing the Deeds Allah said,

びラ ⊥ ∇コヲ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And t he weighing), of deeds on t he Day of Resurrect ion,

びペ あエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (will be t he t rue (weighing)), for Allah will not wrong anyone. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ヌゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ テ ∠ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ Α͡コヲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ツ ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∃ キ∠ ∇ゲカ ∠ ∇リョあ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル びリ ∠ Β͡らジ ͡ ⇒∠ェ ゅ∠レ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ (And We shall set up t he Balances of j ust ice on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hen none will be dealt wit h unj ust ly in anyt hing. And if t here be t he weight of a must ard seed, We will bring it . And Sufficient are We t o t ake account .) 21:47 ,

る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ マ ⊥ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ルギ⊥ ｚャ リ͡ョ れ ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヘバ͡ ⇒ツ ∠ Α⊥ (Surely, Allah wrongs not even t he weight of a speck of dust , but if t here is any good (done), He doubles it , and gives from Him a great reward.) 4:40 ,

る∃ Β∠ ッ ͡ やｚケ る∃ ゼ ∠ Βハ ͡ ヴ͡プ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ レ⊥ Α͡コヲ∠ ョ∠ ∇ろヤ∠ボ⊥ を∠ リ∠ョ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ る∀ Α∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠ワ ヮ⊥ ぁョほ⊥プ∠ ヮ⊥ レ⊥ Α͡コヲ∠ ョ∠ ∇ろヘｚ カ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ び る∀ Β∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ェ ∀ケゅ∠ル ∇ヮΒ∠ ワ͡ (Then as for him whose scale (of good deeds) will be heavy. He will live a pleasant life (in Paradise). But as for him whose scale (of good deeds) will be light . He will have his home in Hawiyah (pit , Hell). And what will make you know what it is (It is) a fiercely blazing Fire!) 101:6-11 and,

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠ジル∠ぺ Κ ∠ プ∠ ケ͡ ヲぁダャや ヴ͡プ オ ∠ ヘ͡ ル⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ⊥ レ⊥ Α͡コヲ∠ ョ∠ ∇ろヤ∠ボ⊥ を∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジわ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ ヮ⊥ レ⊥ Α͡コヲ∠ ョ∠ ∇ろヘｚ カ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲジ ͡カ ∠ (Then, when t he Trumpet is blown, t here will be no kinship among t hem t hat Day, nor will t hey ask of one anot her. Then, t hose whose scales (of good deeds) are heavy, t hey are t he successful. And t hose whose scales (of good deeds) are light , t hey are t hose who lose t hemselves, in Hell will t hey abide) 23:101-103 . As for what will be placed on t he Balance on t he Day of Resurrect ion, it has been said t hat t he deeds will be placed on it , even t hough t hey are not mat erial obj ect s. Allah will give t hese deeds physical weight on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Al-Baghawi said t hat t his was report ed from Ibn ` Abbas. It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat Al-Baqarah (chapt er 2) and Al ` Imran (chapt er 3) will come on t he Day of Resurrect ion in t he shape of t wo clouds, or t wo obj ect s t hat provide shade, or t wo lined groups of birds. It is also recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Qur'an will come t o it s companion (who used t o recit e and preserve it ) in t he shape of a pale-faced young man. He will ask (t he young man), "Who are you'' He will reply, "I am t he Qur'an, who made you st ay up sleeplessly at night and caused you t hirst in t he day. '' The Hadit h t hat Al-Bara' narrat ed about t he quest ioning in t he grave st at es,

ウ ͡ Αあゲャや ょ ⊥ あΒデ ∠ ラ ͡ ∇ヲヤｚャや リ ⊥ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゆ ｘ ゅ∠セ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヶ͡ゎ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ » «ウ͡ャゅｚダャや マ ∠ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨∠ろ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ (A young man wit h fair color and good scent will come t o t he believer, who will ask, ` Who are you' He will reply, ` I am your good deeds'). The Prophet ment ioned t he opposit e in t he case of t he disbeliever and t he hypocrit e. It was also said t hat t he Book of Records t hat cont ains t he deeds will be weighed. A Hadit h st at es t hat a man will be brought fort h and ninet y-nine scrolls cont aining errors and sins will be placed on one side of t he balance each as long as t he sight

can reach. He will t hen be brought a card on which ` La ilaha illallah' will be writ t en. He will say, "O Lord! What would t his card weigh against t hese scrolls'' Allah will say, "You will not be wronged.'' So t he card will be placed on t he ot her side of t he Balance, and as t he Messenger of Allah said,

«る∠ホゅ∠トら͡ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ヤ∠ボ⊥ を∠ ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ゅｚヤイ ͡ジ あ ャや ろ ͡ セ ∠ ゅ∠トプ∠ » (Behold! The (ninet y-nine) scrolls will go up, as t he card becomes heavier.) At -Tirmidhi recorded similar wording for t his Hadit h and said t hat it is aut hent ic. It was also said t hat t he person who performed t he deed will be weighed. A Hadit h st at es,

ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ラ ⊥ ゴ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ リ ͡ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや モ ͡ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャゅ͡よ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ » «る∠ッヲ⊥バよ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ∠ ぶ ͡ や (On t he Day of Resurrect ion, a fat man will be brought fort h, but he will not weigh wit h Allah equal t o t he wing of a mosquit o). He t hen recit ed t he Ayah,

びゅ⇔ル∇コヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ボル⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (And on t he Day of Resurrect ion, We shall assign no weight for t hem) Prophet said about ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud,

18:105 . Also, t he

ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ャ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ∇Βホ∠ ゅ∠シ る͡ ホｚ キ͡ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らイ ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ぺ∠» «ギ⊥ェぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ モ ⊥ ボ∠ ∇をぺ∠ ラ ͡ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ヶ͡プ (Do you wonder at t he t hinness of his legs By He in Whose Hand is my soul! They are heavier on t he Balance t han (Mount ) Uhud.) It is also possible t o combine t he meanings of t hese Ayat and Hadit hs by st at ing t hat all t his will t ruly occur, for somet imes t he deeds will be weighed, somet imes t he scrolls where t hey are recorded will be weighed, and somet imes t hose who performed t he deeds will be weighed. Allah knows best .

ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚレムｚ ョ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ズ ∠ Β͡ ⇒∠バョ∠ (10. And surely, We gave you aut horit y on t he eart h and appoint ed for you t herein livelihoods. Lit t le t hanks do you give.)

All Bounties in the Heavens and Earth are for the Benefit of Mankind Allah reminds of His favor on His servant s in t hat He made t he eart h a fixed place for dwelling, placed firm mount ains and rivers on it and made homes and allowed t hem t o ut ilize it s benefit s. Allah made t he clouds work for t hem (bringing rain) so t hat t hey may produce t heir sust enance from t hem. He also creat ed t he ways and means of earnings, commercial act ivit ies and ot her professions. Yet , most of t hem give lilt le t hanks for t his. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ジ∇ルΗや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅワ∠ ヲ⊥ダ∇エゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱぁギバ⊥ ∠ゎ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び∀ケゅｚヘ∠ミ ∀ュヲ⊥ヤ∠ヌ∠ャ (And if you count t he blessings of Allah,never will you be able t o count t hem. Verily, man is indeed a wrongdoer, an ingrat e.) 14:34

る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ケヲｚ タ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ ョあ リ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ザ ∠ Β͡ヤ∇よま͡ Ι ∠ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ∠ジ ∠ プ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ Ε ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇シや びリ ∠ Α͡ギイ ͡ ⇒ｚジャや (11. And surely, We creat ed you and t hen gave you shape; t hen We t old t he angels, "Prost rat e yourselves t o Adam,'' and t hey prost rat ed, except Iblis (Shayt an), he refused t o be of t hose who prost rat ed.)

Prostration of the Angels to Adam and Shaytan's Arrogance Allah informs t he Children of Adam about t he honor of t heir fat her and t he enmit y of Shayt an, who st ill has envy for t hem and for t heir fat her Adam. So t hey should beware of him and not follow in his foot st eps. Allah said,

る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ケヲｚ タ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∇やヱ⊥ギイ ∠ジ ∠ プ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ Ε ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇シや (And surely, We creat ed you and t hen gave you shape; t hen We t old t he angels, "Prost rat e yourselves t o Adam,'' and t hey prost rat ed,) This is like His saying,

リあョ や⇔ゲゼ ∠ よ∠ ∀ペヤ͡⇒∠カ ヴあルま͡ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ろ ⊥ ∇ガヘ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Αｚヲシ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ - ラ ∃ ヲ⊥レ∇ジョｚ み∃ヨ∠ ェ ∠ ∇リョあ モ ∃ ⇒∠ダ∇ヤタ ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ギイ ͡ ⇒∠シ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バボ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡ェヱぁケ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ (And (remember) when your Lord said t o t he angels: "I am going t o creat e a man from dried (sounding) clay of alt ered mud. So, when I have fashioned him complet ely and breat hed int o him t he soul (which I creat ed for him), t hen fall (you) down prost rat ing yourselves unt o him.'') 15:28-29 . Aft er Allah creat ed Adam wit h His Hands from dried clay of alt ered mud and made him in t he shape of a human being, He blew life int o him and ordered t he angels t o prost rat e before him, honoring Allah's glory and magnificence. The angels all heard, obeyed and prost rat ed, but Iblis did not prost rat e. We explained t his subj ect in t he beginning of Surat AlBaqarah. Therefore, t he Ayah (7:11) refers t o Adam, alt hough Allah used t he plural in t his case, because Adam is t he fat her of all mankind. Similarly, Allah said t o t he Children of Israel who lived during t he t ime of t he Prophet ,

リ ｚ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ヨピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヤｚ∠ニ∠ヱぴ びン∠ヲ∇ヤジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ (And We shaded you wit h clouds and sent down on you manna and t he quail,) 2:57 This refers t o t heir forefat hers who lived during t he t ime of Moses. But , since t hat was a favor given t o t he forefat hers, and t hey are t heir very source, t hen t he offspring have also been favored by it . This is not t he case in:

びリ ∃ Β͡デ リあョ る∃ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤシ ⊥ リ͡ョ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡ や ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed We creat ed man out of an ext ract of clay (wat er and eart h.)) 23:12 For t his merely means t hat Adam was creat ed from clay. His children were creat ed from Nut fah (mixed male and female sexual discharge). This last Ayah is t hus t alking about t he origin of mankind, not t hat t hey were all creat ed from clay, and Allah knows best .

∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ゲョ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ イ ⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ バ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びリ ∃ Β͡デ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚル リ͡ョ ヶ͡レわ∠ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ (12. (Allah) said: "What prevent ed you (O Iblis) t hat you did not prost rat e, when I commanded you'' Iblis said: "I am bet t er t han him (Adam), You creat ed me from fire, and him You creat ed from clay.'') Allah said,

びギ∠ イ ⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ バ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (What prevent ed you (O Iblis) t hat you did not prost rat e) 7: 12 meaning, what st opped and hindered you from prost rat ing aft er I ordered you t o do so, according t o Ibn Jarir. This meaning is sound, and Allah knows best . Iblis, may Allah curse him, said,

びヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ぴ (I am bet t er t han him (Adam)), and t his excuse is worse t han t he crime it self! Shayt an said t hat he did not obey Allah because he who is bet t er cannot prost rat e t o he who is less. Shayt an, may Allah curse him, meant t hat he is bet t er t han Adam, "So how can You order me t o prost rat e before him'' Shayt an said t hat he is bet t er t han Adam because he was creat ed from fire while, "You creat ed him from clay, and fire is bet t er.'' The cursed one looked at t he origin of creat ion not at t he honor best owed, t hat is, Allah creat ing Adam wit h His Hand and blowing life int o him. Shayt an made a false comparison when confront ed by Allah's command,

びリ ∠ Α͡ギイ ͡ ⇒∠シ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バボ∠ プ∠ ぴ ("Then you fall down prost rat e t o him'') 38:72 . Therefore, Shayt an alone cont radict ed t he angels, because he refused t o prost rat e. He, t hus, became ` Ablasa' from t he mercy, meaning, lost hope in acquiring Allah's mercy. He commit t ed t his error, may Allah curse him, due t o his false comparison. His claim t hat t he fire is more honored t han mud was also false, because mud has t he qualit ies of wisdom, for - bearance, pat ience and assurance, mud is where plant s grow, flourish, increase, and provide good. To t he cont rary, fire has t he qualit ies of burning, recklessness and hast iness. Therefore, t he origin of creat ion direct ed Shayt an t o failure, while t he origin of Adam led him t o ret urn t o Allah wit h repent ance, humbleness, obedience and submission t o His command, admit t ing his error and seeking Allah's forgiveness and pardon for it . Muslim recorded t hat ` Aishah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ァ ∃ ケ͡ ゅ∠ョ ∇リョ͡ ザ ⊥ Β͡ヤ∇よま͡ ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ ヱ∠ ケ∃ ヲ⊥ル ∇リョ͡ る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ボ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥» «ユ⊥ムャ∠ ブ ∠ タ ͡ ヱ⊥ ゅｚヨョ͡ ュ⊥ キ∠ へ ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ ヱ∠ ケ∃ ゅ∠ル ∇リョ͡ (The angels were creat ed from light , Shayt an from a smokeless flame of fire, while Adam was creat ed from what was described t o you).

Iblis was the First to use Qiyas (Analogical Comparison) Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Al-Hasan comment ed on Shayt an's st at ement ,

びリ ∃ Β͡デ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚル リ͡ョ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ぴ

("You creat ed me from fire, and him You creat ed from clay.'') "Iblis used Qiyas analogy , and he was t he first one t o do so.'' This st at ement has an aut hent ic chain of narrat ion. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn Sirin said, "The first t o use Qiyas was Iblis, and would t he sun and moon be worshipped if it was not for Qiyas'' This st at ement also has an aut hent ic chain of narrat ion.

ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゲ∠ らｚ ム∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇テら͡ ∇ワゅ∠プ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ͡ル∇ゲヌ ͡ ル∠ぺ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲピ͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇カゅ∠プ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ∠ レ⊥ヨャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ (13. (Allah) said: "(O Iblis) get down from t his (Paradise), it is not for you t o be arrogant here. Get out , for you are of t hose humiliat ed and disgraced.'') (14. (Iblis) said: "Allow me respit e t ill t he Day t hey are raised up (t he Day of Resurrect ion).'') (15. (Allah) said: "You are of t hose respit ed.'') Allah ordered Iblis;

びゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇テら͡ ∇ワゅ∠プぴ (Get down from t his) "because you defied My command and disobeyed Me. Get out , it is not for you t o be arrogant here,'' in Paradise, according t o t he scholars of Tafsir. It could also refer t o part icular st at us which he held in t he ut most highs. Allah said t o Iblis,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲピ͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇カゅ∠プぴ (Get out , for you are of t hose humiliat ed and disgraced.) as j ust recompense for his ill int ent ions, by giving him t he opposit e of what he int ended (arrogance). This is when t he cursed one remembered and asked for respit e unt il t he Day of Judgment ,

マ ∠ ルｚ み͡プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ͡ル∇ゲヌ ͡ ル∠ほプ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ (Then allow me respit e t ill t he Day t hey are raised up. (Allah) said: "Then you are of t hose respit ed.'') 15: 36-37 Allah gave Shayt an what he asked for out of His wisdom, being His decision and decree, t hat is never prevent ed or resist ed. Surely, none can avert His decision, and He is swift in reckoning.

ユ∠ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠デ ∠ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ギ∠ バ⊥ ∇ホΕ ∠ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Αヲ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ べ∠ヨら͡ プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ∇リハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ヰレｚ Β∠ ゎ͡ Γ ｚユを⊥ -

リ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒∠セ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ギ⊥ イ ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡も͡ べ∠ヨセ ∠ リ∠ハヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ び (16. (Iblis) said: "Because You have ` Aghwayt ni', surely, I will sit in wait against t hem (human beings) on Your st raight pat h. (17. "Then I will come t o t hem from before t hem and behind t hem, from t heir right and from t heir left , and You will not find most of t hem t o be t hankful.'') Allah said t hat aft er He gave respit e t o Shayt an,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (t ill t he Day t hey are raised up (resurrect ed)) and Iblis was sure t hat he got what he want ed, he went on in defiance and rebellion. He said,

びユ∠ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠デ ∠ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ギ∠ バ⊥ ∇ホΕ ∠ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Αヲ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ べ∠ヨら͡ プ∠ ぴ ("Because You have ` Aghwayt ani', surely, I will sit in wait against t hem (human beings) on Your st raight pat h.'') meaning, as You have sent me ast ray. Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ` Aghwayt ani' means, "Misguided me.'' Ot hers said, "As You caused my ruin, I will sit in wait for Your servant s whom You will creat e from t he offspring of t he one you expelled me for.'' He went on,

びユ∠ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠デ ∠ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ぴ (Your st raight pat h), t he pat h of t rut h and t he way of safet y. I (Iblis) will misguide t hem from t his pat h so t hat t hey do not worship You Alone, because You sent me ast ray. Muj ahid said t hat t he ` st raight pat h', refers t o t he t rut h. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Saburah bin Abi Al-Fakih said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ バ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ヮホ͡ ゲ⊥ ト ⊥ よ͡ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ͡ ∇よゅ͡ャ ギ∠ バ∠ ホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» リ ∠ Α͡キヱ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ Α͡キ ケ⊥ グ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ジゎ⊥ ぺ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩͡ュゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや ペ ͡ Α͡ゲト ∠ よ͡ «ユ∠ヤ∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠ダバ∠ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨∠マも͡ ゅ∠よへ :

ネ ⊥ ギ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰゎ⊥ ぺ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇イヰ͡ ∇ャや ペ ͡ Α͡ゲト ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ バ∠ ホ∠ » サ ͡ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ゲ͡ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∨∠ポ￢∠ ゅ∠ヨシ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ッ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ペ ͡ Α͡ゲト ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ バ∠ ホ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠ゲィ ∠ ゅ∠ワヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠ダバ∠ プ∠ ∩͡メヲ∠ ト あ ャや ヶ͡プ モ ⊥ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ボゎ⊥ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩͡メゅ∠ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ͡ ∇ヘレｚ ャや キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰィ ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠ヰイ ͡ ∇ャや ロ⊥ ゅ∠ダバ∠ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩⊥メゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ユ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ り⊥ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ウ ⊥ ム∠ ∇レわ⊥ プ∠ モ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ボわ⊥ プ∠ «ギ∠ワゅ∠ィヱ∠ :

ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ６ボェ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∩∠れゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ » ∇ラぺ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ６ボェ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ モ ∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ６ボェ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ベ ∠ ゲ͡ ビ ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ６ボェ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∀るよｚ や∠キ ヮ⊥ ∇わダ ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ «るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ (Shayt an sat in wait for t he Son of Adam in all his pat hs. He sat in t he pat h of Islam, saying, ` Would you embrace Islam and abandon your religion and t he religion of your forefat hers' However, t he Son of Adam disobeyed Shayt an and embraced Islam. So Shayt an sat in t he pat h of Hij rah (migrat ion in t he cause of Allah), saying, ` Would you migrat e and leave your land and sky' But t he parable of t he Muhaj ir is t hat of a horse in his st amina So, he disobeyed Shayt an and migrat ed. So Shayt an sat in t he pat h of Jihad, against one's self and wit h his wealt h, saying, ` If you fight , you will be killed, your wife will be married and your wealt h divided.' So he disobeyed him and performed Jihad. Therefore, whoever among t hem (Children of Adam) does t his and dies, it will be a promise from Allah t hat He admit s him int o Paradise. If he is killed, it will be a promise from Allah t hat He admit s him int o Paradise. If he drowns, it will be a promise from Allah t hat He admit s him int o Paradise. If t he animal breaks his neck, it will be a promise from Allah t hat He admit s him int o Paradise.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on:

び∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ヰレｚ Β∠ ゎ͡ Γ ｚユを⊥ ぴ

(Then I will come t o t hem from before t hem) Raising doubt s in t hem concerning t heir Hereaft er,

び∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and (from) behind t hem), making t hem more eager for t his life,

び∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (from t heir right ), causing t hem confusion in t he religion,

び∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡も͡ べ∠ヨセ ∠ リ∠ハヱ∠ ぴ (and from t heir left ) luring t hem t o commit sins.'' This is meant t o cover all pat hs of good and evil. Shayt an discourages t he people from t he pat h of good and lures t hem t o t he pat h of evil. Al-Hakam bin Abban said t hat ` Ikrimah narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas concerning t he Ayah,

∇リハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ヰレｚ Β∠ ゎ͡ Γ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡も͡ べ∠ヨセ ∠ リ∠ハヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ (Then I will come t o t hem from before t hem and behind t hem, from t heir right and from t heir left ,) "He did not say t hat he will come from above t hem, because t he mercy descends from above.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒∠セ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ギ⊥ イ ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and You will not find most of t hem t o be t hankful.) "means, t hose who single Him out in worship .'' When Shayt an said t his, it was a guess and an assumpt ion on his part . Yet , t he t rut h t urned out t o be t he same, for Allah said,

ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ヮ⊥ レｚ ニ ∠ ザ ⊥ Β͡ヤ∇よま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ベ ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ

マ ｙセ ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ョ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バレ∠ ャ͡ び ∀ナΒ⊥ヘ∠ェ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ (And indeed Iblis (Shayt an) did prove t rue his t hought about t hem, and t hey followed him, all except a group of t rue believers. And he had no aut horit y over t hem, except t hat We might t est him who believes in t he Hereaft er, from him who is in doubt about it . And your Lord is Wat chful over everyt hing.) 34:20-21 . t This is why t here is a Hadit h t hat encourages seeking refuge wit h Allah from t he lures of Shayt an from all direct ions. Imam Ahmad narrat ed t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said, "The Messenger of Allah used t o oft en recit e t his supplicat ion in t he morning and when t he night falls,

∩͡り∠ゲ͡カべ∇ャや∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ る∠ Β∠ プ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ⊥ほ∠∇シぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» ∠ヵゅ∠Β∇ルキ⊥ ∠ヱ ヶ͡レΑ͡キ ヶ͡プ る∠ Β∠ プ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ャや∠ヱ ヲ∠ ∇ヘバ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ⊥ほ∠∇シぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∇リョ͡ へ∠ヱ ヶ͡ゎや∠ケ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲわ⊥ ∇シや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩ヶ͡ャゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヶ͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ヵ ｚ ギ∠ Α∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヶ͡レ∇ヌヘ∠ ∇ェや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩ヶ͡ゎゅ∠ハ∇ヱケ∠ ヶ͡ホ∇ヲプ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ャゅ∠ヨセ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡レΒ͡ヨΑ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ヘ∇ヤカ ∠ «ヶ͡わ∇エゎ∠ ∇リョ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠わ∇ビぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ∠マ͡わヨ∠ヌ∠バ͡よ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ヱ∠ (O Allah! I ask You for well-being in t his life and t he Hereaft er. O Allah! I ask You for pardon and well-being in my religion, life, family and wealt h. O Allah! Cover my errors and reassure me in t imes of difficult y. O Allah! Prot ect me from before me, from behind me, from my right , from my left and from above me. I seek refuge wit h Your great ness from being killed from below me.)'' Waki` comment ed (about being killed from below), "This refers t o eart hquakes.'' Abu Dawud, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Maj ah, Ibn Hibban and Al-Hakim collect ed t his Hadit h, and Al-Hakim said, "It s chain is Sahih. ''

マ ∠ バ∠ ら͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨャｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ェ∇ギョｚ ゅ⇔ョヱ⊥￢∇グ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇カや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びリ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚΖ ∠ ∇ョΕ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ (18. (Allah) said (t o Iblis): "Get out from t his (Paradise), Madh'uman Madhura. Whoever of t hem (mankind) will follow you, t hen surely, I will fill Hell wit h you all.'') Allah emphasized His cursing, expelling, banishing and t urning Shayt an away from t he uppermost height s, saying; Ibn Jarir said, "As for Madh'um, it is disgraced.'' And he said, "Madhur is t he dist anced, t hat is, he is banished and expelled.'' ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, "We do not know of any who

is Madh'uh and Madhmum except for one.'' Sufyan At h-Thawri narrat ed from Abu Ishaq from At Tamimi from Ibn ` Abbas,

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ェ∇ギョｚ ゅ⇔ョヱ⊥￢∇グ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇カやぴ (Get out from t his (Paradise), Madh'uman Madhura) "despised.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on,

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ェ∇ギョｚ ゅ⇔ョヱ⊥￢∇グ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇カやぴ (Get out from t his (Paradise), Madh'uman Madhura) 7:18 "Belit t led and despised'', while AsSuddi comment ed, "Hat eful and expelled.'' Qat adah comment ed, "Cursed and despised'', while Muj ahid said, "Expelled and banished.'' Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said t hat ` Madh'um' means banished, while, ` Madhura' means belit t led. Allah said,

びリ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚΖ ∠ ∇ョΕ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ バ∠ ら͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨャｚぴ (Whoever of t hem (mankind) will follow you, t hen surely, I will fill Hell wit h you all.) This is similar t o

∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ バ∠ ら͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ょワ∠ ∇クや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ ∇コゴ͡ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ - や⇔ケヲ⊥プヲｚョ ￢⇔ や∠ゴィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ミケ͡ ゅ∠セヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡ィ ͡ ケ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ょヤ͡∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ヲダ ∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ギハ ͡ ヱ∠ ギ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱΙ ｘ や∠ヱ メ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ ∀ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ン͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ - や⇔ケヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ((Allah) said: "Go, and whosoever of t hem follows you, surely, Hell will be t he recompense of you (all) an ample recompense. And gradually delude t hose whom you can among t hem wit h your voice, make assault s on t hem wit h your cavalry and your infant ry, share wit h t hem wealt h and children, and make promises t o t hem.'' But Shayt an promises t hem not hing but deceit . "Verily, My servant s -- you have no aut horit y over t hem. And All-Sufficient is your Lord as a Guardian.'') 17:63-65

∇リョ͡ Κ ∠ ム⊥ プ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ィ ⊥ ∇ヱコ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇リム⊥ ∇シや ュ⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠⇒⇒∠Αヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ムわ∠ プ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∠ャ ヵ ∠ ギ͡ ∇らΒ⊥ ャ͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ャ∠ サ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇シヲ∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ⇒∠ヰル∠ ゅ∠ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ゎ͡ ￢∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヵ ∠ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ヱ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ま͡ り͡ ゲ∠ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇リハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ∠ャ ヶあルま͡ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ ヨ∠ シ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡エダ ͡ ⇒ｚレャや (19. "And O Adam! Dwell you and your wife in Paradise, and eat t hereof as you bot h wish, but approach not t his t ree ot herwise you bot h will be of t he wrongdoers.) (20. Then Shayt an whispered suggest ions t o t hem bot h in order t o uncover t hat which was hidden from t hem of t heir privat e part s (before); he said: "Your Lord did not forbid you t his t ree save you should become angels or become of t he immort als.'') (21. And he Qasamahuma: "Verily, I am one of t he sincere well-wishers for you bot h.'')

Shaytan's Deceit with Adam and Hawwa' and Their eating from the Forbidden Tree Allah st at es t hat He allowed Adam and his wife t o dwell in Paradise and t o eat from all of it s fruit s, except one t ree. We have already discussed t his in Surat Al-Baqarah. Thus, Shayt an envied t hem and plot t ed deceit fully, whispering and suggest ing t reachery. He wished t o rid t hem of t he various favors and nice clot hes t hat t hey were enj oying.

びメ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (He (Shayt an) said) ut t ering lies and falsehood,

ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ま͡ り͡ ゲ∠ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇リハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ⇒∠ヰル∠ ゅ∠ョぴ びリ ͡ ∇Βム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ("Your Lord did not forbid you t his t ree save you should become angels...'') meaning, so t hat you do not become angels or dwell here for et ernit y. Surely, if you eat from t his t ree, you will at t ain bot h, he said. In anot her Ayah,

Ι ｚ マ ∃ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヤガ ⊥ ∇ャや り͡ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャぁキ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ ュ⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠⇒Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びヴ∠ヤ∇ら∠Α (Shayt an whispered t o him, saying: "O Adam! Shall I lead you t o t he Tree of Et ernit y and t o a kingdom t hat will never wast e away'') 20:120 . Here, t he wording is similar, so it means, ` so t hat you do not become angels' as in;

び∇やヲぁヤツ ͡ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや リ ⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ ぴ ((Thus) does Allah make clear t o you (His Law) lest you go ast ray. ) 4:176 meaning, so t hat you do not go ast ray, and,

び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ギ∠ Β͡ヨゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ ∠シ ͡ や∠ヱケ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヴ∠ボ∇ャ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (And He has affixed int o t he eart h mount ains st anding firm, lest it should shake wit h you;) 16:15 t hat is, so t hat t he eart h does not shake wit h you.

びべ∠ヨヰ⊥ ヨ∠ シ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And he Qasamahuma), swore t o t hem bot h by Allah, saying,

びリ ∠ Β͡エダ ͡ ⇒ｚレャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ∠ャ ヶあルま͡ぴ ("Verily, I am one of t he sincere well-wishers for you bot h.'') for I was here before you and t hus have bet t er knowledge of t his place. It is a fact t hat t he believer in Allah might somet imes become t he vict im of deceit . Qat adah comment ed on t his Ayah, "Shayt an swore by Allah, saying, ` I was creat ed before you, and I have bet t er knowledge t han you. Therefore, follow me and I will direct you.'''

ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∠ャ ∇れギ∠ よ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ホや∠ク ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ケ∃ ヱ⊥ゲピ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ⇒ｚャギ∠ プ∠ ぴ ベ ͡ ケ∠ ヱ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヘダ ͡ ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ボヘ͡ デ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ￢∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ∇ヤゎ͡ リ∠ハ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ や∠キゅ∠ルヱ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ∠ャ リ ∠ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヨム⊥ ャｚ モ⊥ホぺ∠ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや

ゅ∠レ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ∠レジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠レ∇ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ホ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムレ∠ ャ∠ (22. So he misled t hem wit h decept ion. Then when t hey t ast ed of t he t ree, t hat which was hidden from t hem of t heir shame (privat e part s) became manifest t o t hem and t hey began t o cover t hemselves wit h t he leaves of Paradise. And t heir Lord called out t o t hem (saying): "Did I not forbid you t hat t ree and t ell you: Verily, Shayt an is an open enemy unt o you'') (23. They said: "Our Lord! We have wronged ourselves. If You forgive us not , and best ow not upon us Your mercy, we shall cert ainly be of t he losers.'') Ubayy bin Ka` b said, "Adam was a t all man, about t he height of a palm t ree, and he had t hick hair on his head. When he commit t ed t he error t hat he commit t ed, his privat e part appeared t o him while before, he did not see it . So he st art ed running in fright t hrough Paradise, but a t ree in Paradise t ook him by t he head. He said t o it , ` Release me,' but it said, ` No, I will not release you.' So his Lord called him, ` O Adam! Do you run away from Me' He said, ` O Lord! I felt ashamed before You.''' Ibn Jarir and Ibn Marduwyah collect ed t his st at ement using several chains of narrat ion from Al-Hasan from Ubayy bin Ka` b who narrat ed it from t he Prophet . However, relat ing t he Hadit h t o Ubayy is more correct . Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah,

びる͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ベ ͡ ケ∠ ヱ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヘダ ͡ ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ボヘ͡ デ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey began t o cover t hemselves wit h t he leaves of Paradise.) "Using fig leaves.'' This st at ement has an aut hent ic chain of narrat ion leading t o Ibn ` Abbas. Muj ahid said t hat t hey began t o cover t hemselves wit h t he leaves of Paradise, "Making t hem as a dress (or garment ).'' Comment ing on Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ シ ∠ ゅ∠らャ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ネ ⊥ ゴ͡ レ∠Αぴ (St ripping t hem of t heir raiment ) 7:27 Wahb bin Munabbih said, "The privat e part s of Adam and Hawwa' had a light covering t hem which prevent ed t hem from seeing t he privat e part s of each ot her. When t hey at e from t he t ree, t heir privat e part s appeared t o t hem.'' Ibn Jarir report ed t his st at ement wit h an aut hent ic chain of narrat ion. Abdur-Razzaq report ed from Qat adah, "Adam said, ` O Lord! What if I repent ed and sought forgiveness' Allah said, ` Then, I will admit you int o Paradise.' As for Shayt an, he did not ask for forgiveness, but for respit e. Each one of t hem was given what he asked for.'' Ad-Dahhak bin Muzahim comment ed,

ゅ∠レ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ∠レジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠レ∇ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムレ∠ ャ∠ ("Our Lord! We have wronged ourselves. If You forgive us not , and best ow not upon us Your mercy, we shall cert ainly be of t he losers.'') "These are t he words t hat Adam received from his Lord.''

ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥トら͡ ∇ワや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∃ Β͡ェ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∀ノ⇒∠わョ∠ ヱ∠ ゲｘ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ∠ ∇ガゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇エゎ∠ (24. (Allah) said: "Get down, one of you an enemy t o t he ot her. On eart h will be a dwelling place for you and an enj oyment for a t ime.'') (25. He said: "Therein you shall live, and t herein you shall die, and from it you shall be brought out (resurrect ed).'')

Sending Them All Down to Earth It was said t hat ,

び∇やヲ⊥トら͡ ∇ワやぴ (Get down), was addressed t o Adam, Hawwa', Iblis and t he snake. Some scholars did not ment ion t he snake, and Allah knows best . The enmit y is primarily bet ween Adam and Iblis, and Hawwa' follows Adam in t his regard. Allah said in Surah Ta Ha,

びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ト͡ら∇ワやぴ ("Get you down (from t he Paradise t o t he eart h), bot h of you, t oget her...'') 20:123 . If t he st ory about t he snake is t rue, t hen it is a follower of Iblis. Some scholars ment ioned t he locat ion on eart h t hey were sent down, but t hese account s are t aken from t he Israelit e t ales, and only Allah knows if t hey are t rue. If having known t hese areas was useful for t he people in mat t ers of religion or life, Allah would have ment ioned t hem in His Book, and His Messenger would have ment ioned t hem t oo. Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∃ Β͡ェ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョヱ∠ ゲｘ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΕ ∠ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (On eart h will be a dwelling place for you and an enj oyment for a t ime.) means, on eart h you will have dwellings and known, designat ed, appoint ed t erms t hat have been recorded by t he Pen, count ed by Predest inat ion and writ t en in t he First Record.

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ∠ ∇ガゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び

(He (Allah) said: "Therein you shall live, and t herein you shall die, and from it you shall be brought out (resurrect ed).'') This Ayah is similar t o Allah's ot her st at ement ,

り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠ゎ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガル⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バル⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ぴ び ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ (Thereof (t he eart h) We creat ed you, and int o it We shall ret urn you, and from it We shall bring you out once again.) 20:55 . Allah st at es t hat He has made t he eart h a dwelling place for t he Children of Adam, for t he remainder of t his eart hly life. On it , t hey will live, die and be buried in t heir graves; and from it , t hey will be resurrect ed for t he Day of Resurrect ion. On t hat Day, Allah will gat her t he first and last of creat ures and reward or punish each according t o his or her deeds.

∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ￢∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ン͡ケヲ∠ Α⊥ ゅ⇔シゅ∠らャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ギホ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ ヴ͡レら∠ ⇒∠Αぴ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αへ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや サ ⊥ ゅ∠らャ͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゼΑ͡ケヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グｚ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (26. O Children of Adam! We have best owed Libas (raiment ) upon you t o cover yourselves wit h, and as Rish (adornment ); and t he Libas (raiment ) of Taqwa, t hat is bet t er. Such are among t he Ayat of Allah, t hat t hey may remember.)

Bestowing Raiment and Adornment on Mankind Allah reminds His servant s t hat He has given t hem Libas and Rish. Libas refers t o t he clot hes t hat are used t o cover t he privat e part s, while Rish refers t o t he out er adornment s used for purposes of beaut ificat ion. Therefore, t he first t ype is essent ial while t he second t ype is compliment ary. Ibn Jarir said t hat Rish includes furnit ure and out er clot hes. ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam comment ed on t he Ayah,

びン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや サ ⊥ ゅ∠らャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t he Libas (raiment ) of Taqwa...) "When one fears Allah, Allah covers his errors. Hence t he ` Libas of Taqwa' (t hat t he Ayah ment ions).''

ユ⊥ム∇Αヲ∠ よ∠ ぺ∠ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ べ∠ヨミ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ レｚ レ∠ わ͡ ∇ヘΑ∠ Ι ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ ヴ͡レら∠ ⇒∠Αぴ べ∠ヨヰ͡ ゎ͡ ￢∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ Α∠ ゲ͡ Β⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ シ ∠ ゅ∠らャ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ネ ⊥ ゴ͡ レ∠Α る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ

ゅｚル͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥Β͡らホ∠ ヱ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ゲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ (27. O Children of Adam! Let not Shayt an deceive you, as he got your parent s out of Paradise, st ripping t hem of t heir raiment , t o show t hem t heir privat e part s. Verily, he and his t ribe see you from where you cannot see t hem. Verily, We made t he Shayat in friends of t hose who believe not .)

Warning against the Lures of Shaytan Allah warns t he Children of Adam against Iblis and his followers, by explaining about his ancient enmit y for t he fat her of mankind, Adam peace be upon him. Iblis plot t ed t o have Adam expelled from Paradise, which is t he dwelling of comfort , t o t he dwelling of hardship and fat igue (t his life) and caused him t o have his privat e part uncovered, aft er it had been hidden from him. This, indeed, is indicat ive of deep hat red (from Shayt an t owards Adam and mankind). Allah said in a similar Ayah,

∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ｚΑあケク⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ わ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びΙ ⇔ ギ∠ よ∠ リ ∠ Βヨ͡ ヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャ ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ (Will you t hen t ake him (Iblis) and his offspring as prot ect ors and helpers rat her t han Me, while t hey are enemies t o you What an evil is t he exchange for t he wrongdoers.) 18:50 .

ゅ∠ル￢∠ ゅ∠よや￢∠ べ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ る⇔ ゼ ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ￢͡ べ∠ゼ∇エヘ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゅ∠ルゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヶあよケ∠ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇キや∠ヱ ギ∃ イ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ あモミ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユム⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キヲ⊥バゎ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぺ∠ギ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ リ ∠ Αあギャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ダヤ͡∇ガョ⊥ やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚルま͡ る⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤツ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ｚェ ∠ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ギ∠ワ

ユ⊥ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰョぁ (28. And when t hey commit a Fahishah, t hey say: "We found our fat hers doing it , and Allah has commanded it for us.'' Say: "Nay, Allah never commands Fahishah. Do you say about Allah what you know not '') (29. Say: "My Lord has commanded j ust ice and t hat you should face Him only, in every Masj id and invoke Him only, making your religion sincere t o Him. As He brought you (int o being) in t he beginning, so shall you be brought int o being again.'') (30. A group He has guided, and a group deserved t o be in error; (because) surely, t hey t ook t he Shayat in as support ers inst ead of Allah, and t hink t hat t hey are guided.)

Disbelievers commit Sins and claim that Allah commanded Them to do so! Muj ahid said, "The idolat ors used t o go around t he House (Ka` bah) in Tawaf while naked, saying, ` We perform Tawaf as our mot hers gave birt h t o us.' The woman would cover her sexual organ wit h somet hing saying, ` Today, some or all of it will appear, but what ever appears from it , I do not allow it (it is not for adult ery or for men t o enj oy looking at !).''' Allah sent down t he Ayah,

ゅ∠ル￢∠ ゅ∠よや∠￢ べ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ る⇔ ゼ ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゅ∠ルゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (And when t hey commit a Fahishah (sin), t hey say: "We found our fat hers doing it , and Allah has commanded it for us.'') 7:28 I say, t he Arabs, wit h t he except ion of t he Quraysh, used t o perform Tawaf naked. They claimed t hey would not make Tawaf while wearing t he clot hes t hat t hey disobeyed Allah in. As for t he Quraysh, known as Al-Hums, t hey used t o perform Tawaf in t heir regular clot hes. Whoever among t he Arabs borrowed a garment from one of Al-Hums, he would wear it while in Tawaf. And whoever wore a new garment , would discard it and none would wear it aft er him on complet ion of Tawaf. Those who did not have a new garment , or were not given one by Al-Hums, t hen t hey would perform Tawaf while naked. Even women would go around in Tawaf while naked, and one of t hem would cover her sexual organ wit h somet hing and proclaim, "Today, a part or all of it will appear, but what ever appears from it I do not allow it .'' Women used t o perform Tawaf while naked usually at night . This was a pract ice t hat t he idolat ors invent ed on t heir own, following only t heir forefat hers in t his regard. They falsely claimed t hat what t heir forefat hers did was in fact following t he order and legislat ion of Allah. Allah t hen refut ed t hem, Allah said,

ゅ∠ル￢∠ ゅ∠よや∠￢ べ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ る⇔ ゼ ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゅ∠ルゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (And when t hey commit a Fahishah, t hey say: "We found our fat hers doing it , and Allah has commanded it for us.'')

Allah does not order Fahsha', but orders Justice and Sincerity Allah replied t o t his false claim,

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say), O Muhammad, t o t hose who claimed t his,

び￢͡ べ∠ゼ∇エヘ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ("Nay, Allah never commands Fahsha'...'') meaning, t he pract ice you indulge in is a despicable sin, and Allah does not command such a t hing.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ("Do you say about Allah what you know not '') t hat is, do you at t ribut e t o Allah st at ement s t hat you are not cert ain are t rue Allah said next ,

びテ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヶあよケ∠ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "My Lord has commanded j ust ice, (fairness and honest y)''),

ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇キや∠ヱ ギ∃ イ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ あモミ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユム⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Αあギャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ダヤ͡∇ガョ⊥ ("And t hat you should face Him only, in every Masj id, and invoke Him only making your religion sincere t o Him...'') This Ayah means, Allah commands you t o be st raight forward in worshipping Him, by following t he Messengers who were support ed wit h miracles and obeying what t hey

conveyed from Allah and t he Law t hat t hey brought . He also commands sincerit y in worshipping Him, for He, Exalt ed He is, does not accept a good deed unt il it sat isfies t hese t wo condit ions: being correct and in conformit y wit h His Law, and being free of Shirk.

The Meaning of being brought into Being in the Beginning and brought back again Allah's saying

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥キヲ⊥バゎ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぺ∠ギ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ぴ (As He brought you in t he beginning, so shall you be brought int o being again) 7:29 . Unt il;

びる⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤツ ｚ ャやぴ (error.) There is some difference over t he meaning of:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥キヲ⊥バゎ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぺ∠ギ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ぴ (As He brought you in t he beginning, so shall you be brought int o being again.) Ibn Abi Naj ih said t hat Muj ahid said t hat it means, "He will bring you back t o life aft er you die.'' Al-Hasan AlBasri comment ed, "As He made you begin in t his life, He will bring you back t o life on t he Day of Resurrect ion.'' Qat adah comment ed on:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥キヲ⊥バゎ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぺ∠ギ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ぴ (As He brought you in t he beginning, so shall you be brought int o being again.) "He st art ed t heir creat ion aft er t hey were not hing, and t hey perished lat er on, and He shall bring t hem back again.'' ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, "As He creat ed you in t he beginning, He will bring you back in t he end.'' This last explanat ion was preferred by Abu Ja` far Ibn Jarir and he support ed it wit h what he report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, "The Messenger of Allah st ood up and gave us a speech, saying,

り⇔ や∠ゲハ ⊥ り⇔ ゅ∠ヘェ ⊥ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ゅ∠Α» ゅ⇔ャ∇ゲビ ⊥

ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や⇔ギ∇ハヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バルぁ ペ ∃ ∇ヤカ ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ べ∠ル∇ぺギ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヤバ͡ ⇒∠プ (O people! You will be gat hered t o Allah while barefoot ed, naked and uncircumcised, (As We began t he first creat ion, We shall repeat it . (It is) a promise binding upon Us. Truly, We shall do it )). 21:104 This Hadit h was collect ed in t he Two Sahihs. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah,

ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ｚェ ∠ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ギ∠ワ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲヘ∠ ル∠ ヱ⊥キヲ⊥バゎ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぺ∠ギ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ぴ びる⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤツ ｚ ャや (As He brought you in t he beginning, so shall you be brought int o being again. A group He has guided, and a group deserved t o be in error;) "Allah, t he Exalt ed, began t he creat ion of t he Sons of Adam, some believers and some disbelievers, j ust as He said,

び∀リョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョヱ∠ ∀ゲ͡プゅ∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ヨプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He it is Who creat ed you, t hen some of you are disbelievers and some of you are believers) 64:2 . He will t hen ret urn t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion as He st art ed t hem, some believers and some disbelievers. I say, what support s t his meaning, is t he Hadit h from Ibn Mas` ud t hat Al-Bukhari recorded, (t hat t he Prophet said:)

モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ͡ ヨ∠ バ∠ よ͡ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ Β∠ビ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヲプ∠ » ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀ネゅ∠よ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴｚわェ ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ͡ ヨ∠ バ∠ よ͡ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ プ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅわ∠ ム͡ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∀ネや∠ケク͡ モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ͡ ヨ∠ バ∠ よ͡ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ プ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ∀ネや∠ケ͡ク ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀ネゅ∠よ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴｚわェ ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ͡ ヨ∠ バ∠ よ͡ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ゆゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ «るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ プ∠

(By He, ot her t han Whom t here is no god, one of you might perform t he deeds of t he people of Paradise unt il only t he lengt h of an arm or a forearm would separat e him from it . However, t hat which was writ t en in t he Book t akes precedence, and he commit s t he work of t he people of t he Fire and t hus ent ers it . And one of you might perform t he deeds of t he people of t he Fire unt il only t he lengt h of an arm or a forearm separat es bet ween him and t he Fire. However, t hat which was writ t en in t he Book t akes precedence, and he performs t he work of t he people of Paradise and t hus ent ers Paradise.) We should combine t his meaning -- if it is held t o be t he correct meaning for t he Ayah -- wit h Allah's st at ement :

ゲ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや り∠ ゲ∠ ∇トプ͡ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ リ ͡ Αあギヤ͡ャ マ ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ∇ユホ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや (So set you your face t owards t he religion, Hanifan. Allah's Fit rah wit h which He has creat ed mankind) 30:30 , and what is recorded in t he Two Sahihs from Abu Hurayrah who said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ヮ͡ ル͡ や∠キヲあ ヰ∠ Α⊥ ロ⊥ や∠ヲよ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∩͡りゲ∠ ∇トヘ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ギ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥Α キ∃ ヲ⊥ャ∇ヲョ∠ ぁモミ⊥ » «ヮ͡ルゅ∠ジイ あ ヨ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ や∠ゲダ あ レ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ (Every child is born upon t he Fit rah, it is only his parent s who t urn him int o a Jew, a Christ ian or a Zoroast rian.) Muslim recorded t hat ` Iyad bin Himar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩∠￢ゅ∠ヘレ∠ ェ ⊥ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヶあルま͡ :ヴ⇒ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » «ユ͡ヰレ͡ Α͡キ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わャ∠ゅ∠わ∇ィゅ∠プ リ ⊥ Β͡デゅ∠Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ ゅ∠イプ∠ (Allah said, ` I creat ed My servant s Hunafa' (monot heist s), but t he devils came t o t hem and deviat ed t hem from t heir religion.) The collect ive meaning here is, Allah creat ed His creat ures so t hat some of t hem lat er t urn believers and some t urn disbelievers. Allah has originally creat ed all of His servant s able t o recognize Him, t o single Him out in worship, and know t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Him. He also t ook t heir covenant t o fulfill t he implicat ions of t his knowledge, which He placed in t heir consciousness and souls. He has decided t hat some of t hem will be miserable and some will be happy,

び∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョぁ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョヱ∠ ∀ゲ͡プゅ∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ヨプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He it is Who creat ed you, t hen some of you are disbelievers and some of you are believers) 64:2 . Also, a Hadit h st at es,

«ゅ∠ヰボ⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰボ⊥ わ͡ ∇バヨ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ∀ノ͡もゅ∠ら∠プ ヱ⊥ギ∇ピ∠Α サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ぁモミ⊥ » (All people go out in t he morning and sell t hemselves, and some of t hem free t hemselves while some ot hers dest roy t hemselves.) Allah's decree will cert ainly come t o pass in His creat ion. Verily, He it is

び ン∠ギ∠ヰプ∠ ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (Who has measured (everyt hing); and t hen guided) 87: 3 , and,

びン∠ギ∠ワ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ￢∃ ヴ∠セ ｚモミ⊥ ヴ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (He Who gave t o each t hing it s form and nat ure, t hen guided it aright ) 20:50 . And in t he Two Sahihs:

ゲ⊥ ジ ｚ Β∠ Β⊥ ジ ∠ プ∠ り͡ キ∠ ゅ∠バジ ｚ ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ » モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡りキ∠ ゅ∠バジ ｚ ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ͡ ヨ∠ バ∠ ャ͡ «り∠ヱゅ∠ボゼ ｚ ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ͡ ヨ∠ バ∠ ャ͡ ゲ⊥ ジ ｚ Β∠ Β⊥ ジ ∠ プ∠ り͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ボゼ ｚ ャや (As for t hose among you who are among t he people of happiness, t hey will be facilit at ed t o perform t he deeds of t he people of happiness. As for t hose who are among t he miserable, t hey will be facilit at ed t o commit t he deeds of t he miserable). This is why Allah said here,

びる⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤツ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ｚェ ∠ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ギ∠ワ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ぴ (A group He has guided, and a group deserved t o be in error;) Allah t hen explained why,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (because) surely, t hey t ook t he Shayat in as support ers inst ead of Allah). Ibn Jarir said, "This is one of t he clearest argument s proving t he mist ake of t hose who claim t hat Allah does not punish anyone for disobedient act s he commit s of deviat ions he believes in unt il aft er knowledge of what is correct reaches him, t hen he were t o obst inat ely avoid it anyway. If t his were t rue, t hen t here would be no difference bet ween t he deviat ions of t he misguided group t heir belief t hat t hey are guided - and t he group t hat is in fact guided. Yet Allah has different iat ed bet ween t he t wo in t his noble Ayah, doing so in bot h name and j udgement .''

∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ヱ ギ∃ イ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ あモミ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユム⊥ わ∠ レ∠ Α͡コ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ュ∠ キ∠ や∠￢ ヴ͡レら∠ ⇒∠Αぴ びリ ∠ Β͡プゲ͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇やヲ⊥プ͡ゲ∇ジゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ (31. O Children of Adam! Take your adornment t o every Masj id, and eat and drink, but wast e not by ext ravagance, cert ainly He (Allah) likes not t he wast eful.)

Allah commands taking Adornment when going to the Masjid This honorable Ayah refut es t he idolat ors' pract ice of performing Tawaf around t he Sacred House while naked. Muslim, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Jarir, (t he following wording is t hat of Ibn Jarir) recorded t hat Shu` bah said t hat Salamah bin Kuhayl said t hat Muslim Al-Bat in said t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The idolat ors used t o go around t he House while naked, bot h men and women, men in t he day and women by night . The woman would say, "Today, a part or all of it will be unveiled, but what ever is exposed of it , I do not allow.'' Allah said in reply,

びギ∃ イ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ あモミ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユム⊥ わ∠ レ∠ Α͡コ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ぴ (Take your adornment t o every Masj id,) Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on:

びギ∃ イ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ あモミ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユム⊥ わ∠ レ∠ Α͡コ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ぴ (Take your adornment t o every Masj id) o"There were people who used t o perform Tawaf around t he House while naked, and Allah ordered t hem t o t ake adornment , meaning, wear clean, proper clot hes t hat cover t he privat e part s. people were commanded t o wear t heir best clot hes when performing every prayer.'' Muj ahid, ` At a', Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Qat adah, As-Suddi, Ad-Dahhak and Malik narrat ed a similar saying from Az-Zuhri, and from several of t he Salaf. They said t hat t his Ayah was revealed about t he idolat ors who used t o perform Tawaf around t he House while naked. This Ayah (7:31), as well as t he Sunnah, encourage wearing t he best clot hes when praying, especially for Friday and ` Id prayers. It is also recommended for men t o wear perfume for prayer, because it is adornment , and t o use Siwak for it is part of what complet es adornment . The best color for clot hes is whit e, for Imam Ahmad narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゲ͡ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰルｚ み͡プ∠ チ ∠ ゅ∠Βら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠Βを͡ ∇リョ͡ やヲ⊥ジら∠ ∇ャや» ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠エ∇ミぺ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ゎ∇ヲョ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ やヲ⊥レヘあ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠Βを͡ «ゲ∠バゼ ｚ ャや ろ ⊥ ら͡ ∇レΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ヲ⊥ヤ∇イΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ギ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇をみ∇ャや

(Wear whit e clot hes, for it is among your best clot hes, and also wrap your dead wit h it . And It hmid (ant imony) is among t he best of your Kuhl, for it clears t he sight and helps t he hair grow.) This Hadit h has a sound chain of narrat ion, consist ing of narrat ors who conform t o t he condit ions and guidelines of Imam Muslim. Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah also recorded it , and At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.''

Prohibiting Extravagance Allah said,

び∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And eat and drink..). Al-Bukhari said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Eat what you wish and wear what you wish, as long as you avoid t wo t hings: ext ravagance and arrogance.'' Ibn Jarir said t hat Muhammad bin ` Abdul-A` la narrat ed t o us t hat Muhammad bin Thawr narrat ed t o us from Ma` mar from Ibn Tawus from his fat her who said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Allah has allowed eat ing and drinking, as long as it does not cont ain ext ravagance or arrogance.'' This chain is Sahih. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Al-Miqdam bin Ma` dikarib Al-Kindi said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

リ ͡ ∇よや ょ ͡ ∇ジエ ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ レ͡ ∇トよ∠ ∇リョ͡ や６ゲセ ∠ ￢⇔ ゅ∠ハヱ͡ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ⊥ ∇よや ほ∠ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ» る∠ ャ∠ゅ∠エョ∠ ゅ∠ャ ゅ⇔ヤハ ͡ ゅ∠プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ら∠ ∇ヤタ ⊥ リ ∠ ∇ヨボ͡ Α⊥ れ ∃ ゅ∠ヤミ∠ ぺ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ «ヮ͡ジヘ∠ レ∠ ャ͡ ∀ゑヤ⊥を⊥ ヱ∠ ∀ゆや∠ゲ∠セ ∀ゑヤ⊥を⊥ ヱ∠ ∀ュゅ∠バデ ∠ ∀ゑヤ⊥ん⊥ プ∠ (The Son of Adam will not fill a pot worse for himself t han his st omach. It is enough for t he Son of Adam t o eat a few bit es t hat st rengt hens his spine. If he likes t o have more, t hen let him fill a t hird wit h food, a t hird wit h drink and leave a t hird for his breat hing.) An-Nasa'i and At Tirmidhi collect ed t his Hadit h, At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan'' or "Hasan Sahih'' according t o anot her manuscript . ` At a' Al-Khurasani said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah,

ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇ジゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ヱぴ びリ ∠ Β͡プゲ͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや (And eat and drink but wast e not by ext ravagance, cert ainly He (Allah) likes not t he wast eful.) "Wit h food and drink.'' Ibn Jarir comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡プゲ͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ

(Cert ainly He (Allah) likes not t he wast eful.) "Allah t he Exalt ed says t hat He does not like t hose who t respass t he limit s on an allowed mat t er or a prohibit ed mat t er, t hose who go t o t he ext reme over what He has allowed, allow what He has prohibit ed, or prohibit what He has allowed. But , He likes t hat what He has allowed be considered as such (wit hout ext ravagance) and what He has prohibit ed be considered as such. This is t he j ust ice t hat He has commanded.''

ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ャ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ レ∠ Α͡コ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ヴ͡ワ ∇モホ⊥ ベ ͡ ∇コゲあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠らΒあ ト ｚ ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ⊥ あダヘ∠ ル⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ る⇔ ダ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠カ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΓや (32. Say: "Who has forbidden t he adornment wit h clot hes given by Allah, which He has produced for His servant s, and At -Tayyibat (good t hings) of sust enance'' Say: "They are, in t he life of t his world, for t hose who believe, (and) exclusively for t hem (believers) on t he Day of Resurrect ion.'' Thus We explain t he Ayat in det ail for people who have knowledge. )

Allah refutes those who prohibit any type of food, drink or clothes according to their own understanding, without relying on what Allah has legislated,

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say) O Muhammad, t o t he idolat ors who prohibit some t hings out of false opinion and fabricat ion,

びロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ャ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ レ∠ Α͡コ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ぴ (Who has forbidden t he adornment wit h clot hes given by Allah, which He has produced for His servant s) meaning, t hese t hings were creat ed for t hose who believe in Allah and worship Him in t his life, even t hough t he disbelievers share in t hese bount ies in t his life. In t he Hereaft er, t he believers will have all t his t o t hemselves and none of t he disbelievers will have a share in it , for Paradise is prohibit ed for t he disbelievers.

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ズ ∠ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ヴ ∠ ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユ∠ ∇をΗ ͡ や∠ヱ リ ∠ト ∠ よ∠

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇メゴあ レ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ (33. Say: "(But ) t he t hings t hat my Lord has indeed forbidden are t he Fawahish (immoral deeds) whet her commit t ed openly or secret ly, and It hm, and t ransgression wit hout right , and j oining part ners wit h Allah for which He has given no aut horit y, and saying t hings about Allah of which you have no knowledge.'')

Fahishah, Sin, Transgression, Shirk and Lying about Allah are prohibited Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ョ ズ ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ぶ ͡ やリ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ⊥ Β∠ ∇ビぺ∠ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ» ゥ ⊥ ∇ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ょ ぁ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠リト ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ニ ∠ «ぶや リ ∠ ョ͡ (None is more j ealous t han Allah, and t his is why He prohibit ed Fawahish, commit t ed openly or in secret . And none likes praise more t han Allah). This was also recorded in t he Two Sahihs. In t he explanat ion of Surat Al-An` am, we explained t he Fahishah t hat is commit t ed openly and in secret . Allah said next ,

びペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ヴ ∠ ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユ∠ ∇をΗ ͡ や∠ヱぴ (and It hm, and t ransgression wit hout right ,) 7:33 . As-Suddi comment ed, "Al-It hm means, ` disobedience'. As for unright eous oppression, it occurs when you t ransgress against people wit hout j ust ificat ion.'' Muj ahid said, "It hm includes all t ypes of disobedience. Allah said t hat t he oppressor commit s oppression against himself.'' Therefore, t he meaning of, It hm is t he sin t hat one commit s against himself, while ` oppression' pert ains t o t ransgression against ot her people, and Allah prohibit ed bot h. Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇メゴあ レ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (and j oining part ners wit h Allah for which He has given no aut horit y, ) prohibit s calling part ners wit h Allah in worship.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (and saying t hings about Allah of which you have no knowledge.) such as lies and invent ions, like claiming t hat Allah has a son, and ot her evil creeds t hat you -- O idolat ors -- have no knowledge of. This is similar t o His saying:

びリ ͡ ⇒∠を∇ヱΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇ィゲあ ャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プぴ (So shun t he abominat ion (worshipping) of t he idols) 22:30 .

∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡カ∇ほ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ モ ∀ィ ∠ ぺ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ モ あ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅｚョま͡ ュ∠ キ∠ へ ヴ͡レら∠ ⇒∠Α - ∠ラヲ⊥ョ͡ギ∇ボ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ ヴ∠ボゎｚ や リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁダボ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ ∀モシ ⊥ ケ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Κ ∠ プ∠ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ べ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ (34. And every Ummah has it s appoint ed t erm; when t heir t erm comes, neit her can t hey delay it nor can t hey advance it an hour (or a moment ).) (35. O Children of Adam! If t here come t o you Messengers from among you, recit ing t o you My Ayat , t hen whosoever has Taqwa and becomes right eous, on t hem shall be no fear nor shall t hey grieve.) (36. But t hose who rej ect Our Ayat and t reat t hem wit h arrogance, t hey are t he dwellers of t he Fire, t hey will abide t herein forever.) Allah said,

びる∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ モ あ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And every Ummah has), meaning, each generat ion and nat ion,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ モ ∀ィ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (it s appoint ed t erm; when t heir t erm comes) which t hey were dest ined for,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョギ͡ ∇ボわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡カ∇ほ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ (neit her can t hey delay it nor can t hey advance it an hour (or a moment )). Allah t hen warned t he Children of Adam t hat He sent t o t hem Messengers who conveyed t o t hem His Ayat . Allah also conveyed good news, as well as warning,

びウ ∠ ヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ボゎｚ や リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t hen whosoever has Taqwa and becomes right eous) by abandoning t he prohibit ions and performing act s of obedience,

∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヲル∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ びべ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ (on t hem shall be no fear nor shall t hey grieve. But t hose who rej ect Our Ayat and t reat t hem wit h arrogance,) meaning, t heir heart s denied t he Ayat and t hey were t oo arrogant t o abide by t hem,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺぴ (t hey are t he dwellers of t he Fire, t hey will abide t herein forever.) wit hout end t o t heir dwelling in it .

ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔よグ͡ ミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや リ ͡ ヨｚ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ヰら⊥ Β͡ダル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠レΑ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヲプｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠レヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ セ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚレ∠ハ ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (37. Who is more unj ust t han one who invent s a lie against Allah or rej ect s His Ayat For such t heir appoint ed port ion will reach t hem from t he Book (of Decrees) unt il Our messengers (t he angel of deat h and his assist ant s) come t o t hem t o t ake t heir souls, t hey (t he angels) will say: "Where are t hose whom you used t o invoke and worship besides Allah,'' t hey will reply, "They

have vanished and desert ed us.'' And t hey will bear wit ness against t hemselves, t hat t hey were disbelievers.)

Idolators enjoy Their destined Share in This Life, but will lose Their Supporters upon Death Allah said,

ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔よグ͡ ミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや リ ͡ ヨｚ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ (Who is more unj ust t han one who invent s a lie against Allah or rej ect s His Ayat ) meaning, none is more unj ust t han whoever invent s a lie about Allah or rej ect s t he Ayat t hat He has revealed. Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi said t hat ,

びょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ヰら⊥ Β͡ダル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠レΑ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (For such t heir appoint ed port ion will reach t hem from t he Book) refers t o each person's deeds, allot ed provisions and age. Similar was said by Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam. Allah said in similar st at ement s,

Ι ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅヨ∠ よ͡ ギ∠ Α͡ギゼ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ボ⊥ Α͡グル⊥ (Verily, t hose who invent a lie against Allah, will never be successful. (A brief) enj oyment in t his world! And t hen unt o Us will be t heir ret urn, t hen We shall make t hem t ast e t he severest t orment because t hey used t o disbelieve.) 10:69-70 and,

∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ヘミ⊥ マ ∠ ル⊥ゴ∇エΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ヰゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ レ⊥ プ∠ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ あわヨ∠ ル⊥

(And whoever disbelieves, let not his disbelief grieve you. To Us is t heir ret urn, and We shall inform t hem what t hey have done. Verily, Allah is t he All-Knower of what is in t he breast s (of men). We let t hem enj oy for a lit t le while.) 31:23-24 . Allah said next ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヲプｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠レヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il when Our messengers come t o t hem t o t ake t heir souls.) Allah st at es t hat when deat h comes t o t he idolat ors and t he angels come t o capt ure t heir souls t o t ake t hem t o Hellfire, t he angels horrify t hem, saying, "Where are t he so-called part ners (of Allah) whom you used t o call in t he life of t his world, invoking and worshipping t hem inst ead of Allah Call t hem so t hat t hey save you from what you are suffering.'' However, t he idolat ors will reply,

びゅｚレ∠ハ ∇やヲぁヤ⇒∠ッぴ ("They have vanished and desert ed us'') meaning, we have lost t hem and t hus, we do not hope in t heir benefit or aid,

び∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ セ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will bear wit ness against t hemselves) t hey will admit and proclaim against t hemselves,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ぴ (t hat t hey were disbelievers.)

リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや リあョ ユ⊥ムヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ユ∃ ョ∠ ぺ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ ∇カぺ⊥ ∇ろレ∠ バ∠ ャｚ ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ザ ͡ ∇ルΗ ͡ や∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ミケ∠ やｚキや や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ∇バッ ͡ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ゅ∠ルヲぁヤッ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャヱｙΙ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∀ブ∇バ͡ッ ｙモム⊥ ャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ

リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ゲ∇カΙ ｘ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ (38. (Allah) will say: "Ent er you in t he company of nat ions who passed away before you, of men and Jinn, int o t he Fire.'' Every t ime a new nat ion ent ers, it curses it s sist er nat ion (t hat went before) unt il t hey are all t oget her in t he Fire. The last of t hem will say t o t he first of t hem: "Our Lord! These misled us, so give t hem a double t orment of t he Fire.'' He will say: "For each one t here is double (t orment ), but you know not .'') (39. The first of t hem will say t o t he last of t hem: "You were not bet t er t han us, so t ast e t he t orment for what you used t o earn.'')

People of the Fire will dispute and curse Each Other Allah mentioned what He will say to those who associate others with Him, invent lies about Him, and reject His Ayat,

びユ∃ ョ∠ ぺ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キやぴ (Ent er you in t he company of nat ions), who are your likes and similar t o you in conduct ,

び∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Who passed away before you) from t he earlier disbelieving nat ions,

びケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ザ ͡ ∇ルΗ ͡ や∠ヱ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや リあョぴ (Of men and Jinn, int o t he Fire.) Allah said next ,

びゅ∠ヰわ∠ ∇カぺ⊥ ∇ろレ∠ バ∠ ャｚ ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ (Every t ime a new nat ion ent ers, it curses it s sist er nat ion (t hat went before)) Al-Khalil (Prophet Ibrahim), peace be upon him, said,

びヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ ("But on t he Day of Resurrect ion, you shall deny each ot her) 29:25 . Also, Allah said,

∇やヱ⊥ ぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎぁ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ぺ∠ゲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇シΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ろバ∠ ト ｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ゅｚレ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥￢ゲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ぺ∠ゲｚ ら∠ わ∠ レ∠ プ∠ り⇔ ゲｚ ミ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ れ ∃ ゲ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ び ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ィゲ͡ ⇒∠ガよ͡ (When t hose who were followed declare t hemselves innocent of t hose who followed (t hem), and t hey see t he t orment , t hen all t heir relat ions will be cut off from t hem. And t hose who followed will say: "If only we had one more chance t o ret urn (t o t he worldly life), we would declare ourselves as innocent from t hem as t hey have declared t hemselves as innocent from us.'' Thus Allah will show t hem t heir deeds as regret s for t hem. And t hey will never get out of t he Fire) 2:166-167 . Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ミケ∠ やｚキや や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il t hey are all t oget her in t he Fire) means, t hey are all gat hered in t he Fire,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャヱｙΙ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホぴ (The last of t hem will say t o t he first of t hem) t hat is, t he nat ion of followers t hat ent er last will say t his t o t he first nat ions t o ent er. This is because t he earlier nat ions were worse criminals t han t hose who followed t hem, and t his is why t hey ent ered t he Fire first . For t his reason, t heir followers will complain against t hem t o Allah, because t hey were t he ones who misguided t hem from t he correct pat h, saying,

リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ヘ∇バッ ͡ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ゅ∠ルヲぁヤッ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ びケ͡ ゅｚレャや ("Our Lord! These misled us, so give t hem a double t orment of t he Fire.'') mult iply t heir share of t he t orment . Allah said in anot her inst ance,

べ∠レわ∠ ∇Βヤ∠Α ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ょ ⊥ ｚヤボ∠ ゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ べｚル͡ま べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ - Ι ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇ΚΒ͡らジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ルヲぁヤッ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ へ∠ゲら∠ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ゎ∠キゅ∠シ ゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ びゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βヘ∠ ∇バッ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ や∠￢ (On t he Day when t heir faces will be t urned over in t he Fire, t hey will say: "Oh! Would t hat we had obeyed Allah and obeyed t he Messenger.'' And t hey will say: "Our Lord! Verily, we obeyed our chiefs and our great ones, and t hey misled us from t he (right ) way. Our Lord! Give t hem a double t orment .'') 33:66-68 . Allah said in reply,

び∀ブ∇バッ ͡ ｙモム⊥ ャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He will say: "For each one t here is double (t orment )...''), We did what you asked, and recompensed each according t o t heir deeds.' Allah said in anot her Ayah,

∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇キコ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヱぁギタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ びゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ (Those who disbelieved and hinder (men) from t he pat h of Allah, for t hem We will add t orment ) 16:88 . Furt hermore, Allah said,

び∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ ノ∠ ョｚ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ リ ｚ ヤ⊥ヨ͡ ∇エΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, t hey shall bear t heir own loads, and ot her loads besides t heir own) 29:13 and,

びユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∠ルヲぁヤ͡ツΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ケ͡ や∠コ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And also (some t hing) of t he burdens of t hose whom t hey misled wit hout knowledge) 16:25 .

び∇ユワ⊥ や∠ゲ∇カΙ ｘ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (The first of t hem will say t o t he last of t hem) meaning, t he followed will say t o t he followers,

びモ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ ("You were not bet t er t han us. ..'') meaning, you were led ast ray as we were led ast ray, according t o As-Suddi.

びラ ∠ ヲら⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ ぴ ("So t ast e t he t orment for what you used t o earn.'') Allah again described t he condit ion of t he idolat ors during t he gat hering (of Resurrect ion), when He said;

リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツわ⊥ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇モよ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ルキ∠ギタ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツわ⊥ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョぁ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レル∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇クま͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ゲ⊥ ∇ムョ∠ ∇モよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや ゅｚヨ∠ャ る∠ ョ∠ や∠ギレｚ ャや ∇やヱぁゲシ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔キや∠ギル∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゲ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ムルｚ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ベ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ∠ ⇒∠ヤ∇ビｘΙや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∠ゆや∠グ∠バ∠ャ∇や ∇やヱ⊥ ぺ∠ケ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ (And t hose who were arrogant will say t o t hose who were deemed weak: "Did we keep you back from guidance aft er it come t o you Nay, but you were criminals.'' Those who were deemed weak will say t o t hose who were arrogant : "Nay, but it was your plot t ing by night and day, when you ordered us t o disbelieve in Allah and set up rivals t o Him!'' And each of t hem (part ies) will conceal t heir own regret s, when t hey behold t he t orment . And We shall put iron collars round t he necks of t hose who disbelieved. Are t hey requit ed aught except what t hey used t o do) 34:32-33

ウ ⊥ ｚわヘ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ア ∠ ヤ͡Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ヅ ͡ ゅ∠Βガ ͡ ∇ャや ユあ シ ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ イ ∠ ∇ャや

マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ス ∃ や∠ヲビ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ∀キゅ∠ヰョ͡ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ (40. Verily, t hose who belie Our Ayat and t reat t hem wit h arrogance, for t hem t he gat es of t he heavens will not be opened, and t hey will not ent er Paradise unt il t he Jamal goes t hrough t he eye of t he needle. Thus do We recompense t he criminals.) (41. Theirs will be Mihad from t he Fire, and over t hem Ghawash. Thus do We recompense t he wrongdoers.)

Doors of Heaven shall not open for Those Who deny Allah's Ayat, and They shall never enter Paradise Allah said,

び͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ ｚわヘ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (for t hem t he gat es of t he heavens will not be opened,) meaning, t heir good deeds and supplicat ion will not ascend t hrough it , according t o Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr and Ibn ` Abbas, as Al-` Awfi and ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from him. At h-Thawri narrat ed t hat , Layt h said t hat ` At a' narrat ed t his from Ibn ` Abbas. It was also said t hat t he meaning here is t hat t he doors of t he heavens will not be opened for t he disbelievers' souls, according t o Ad-Dahhak who report ed t his from Ibn ` Abbas. As-Suddi and several ot hers ment ioned t his meaning. What furt her support s t his meaning, is t he report from Ibn Jarir t hat Al-Bara' said t hat t he Messenger of Allah ment ioned capt uring t he soul of t he ` Faj ir' (wicked sinner or disbeliever), and t hat his or her soul will be ascended t o heaven. The Prophet said,

る͡ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ほ∃ヤ∠ョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぁゲヨ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギバ∠ ∇ダΒ∠ プ∠ » ∀ラゅ∠ヤプ⊥ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨⊥るん∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ゅ∠ョ やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅｚャま͡ ∩ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヴ∠ハ∇ギΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヶ͡わャｚや ヮ͡ も͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇シぺ∠ ウ ͡ ら∠ ∇ホほ∠よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠よゅ∠よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エわ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ やヲ∠ヰわ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ «ヮ∠ャ ウ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ (So t hey (angels) ascend it and it will not pass by a gat hering of t he angels, but t hey will ask, who's wicked soul is t his' They will reply, ` The soul of so-and-so,' calling him by t he worst names he was called in t his life. When t hey reach t he (lower) heaven, t hey will ask t hat it s door be opened for t he soul, but it will not be opened for it .) The Prophet t hen recit ed,

び͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ ｚわヘ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (For t hem t he gat es of heaven will not be opened). This is a part of a long Hadit h which was also recorded by Abu Dawud, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah. Ibn Jurayj comment ed on t he Ayah,

び͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ ｚわヘ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (for t hem t he gat es of heaven will not be opened,) "(The gat es of heaven) will not be opened for t heir deeds or souls.'' This explanat ion combines t he t wo meanings we gave above, and Allah knows best . Allah's st at ement ,

ユあ シ ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ イ ∠ ∇ャや ア ∠ ヤ͡Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びヅ ͡ ゅ∠Βガ ͡ ∇ャや (and t hey will not ent er Paradise unt il t he Jamal goes t hrough t he eye of t he needle.) refers t o t he male camel. Ibn Mas` ud said it is a male camel from t he she camel. In anot her narrat ion it refers t o t he spouse of t he she camel. Muj ahid and ` Ikrimah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas used t o recit e t his Ayah t his way, "Unt il t he Jummal goes t hrough t he eye of t he needle'', whereas ` Jummal' is a t hick rope. Allah's st at ement ,

び∀キゅ∠ヰョ͡ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ぴ (Theirs will be Mihad from t he Fire) means, beds, while;

びス ∃ や∠ヲビ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (and over t hem Ghawash), means, coverings, according t o Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi. Similar was said by Ad-Dahhak bin Muzahim and As-Suddi. Allah said next ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Thus do We recompense t he wrongdoers.)

ブ ⊥ あヤム∠ ル⊥ Ι ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゅ∠ヰバ∠ ∇シヱ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠

モ ｙビ ͡ ∇リョあ ユ͡ワケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ハゴ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ わ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠ルや∠ギワ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ Ι∇ヲャ∠ ン ∠ ギ͡ わ∠ ∇ヰレ∠ ャ͡ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ やグ∠ ⇒∠ヰャ͡ ゅ∠ルや∠ギワ∠ る⊥ ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヤゎ͡ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥キヲ⊥ルヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠ィ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇をケ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ (42. But t hose who believed, and worked right eousness -- We burden not any person beyond his scope -- such are t he dwellers of Paradise. They will abide t herein.) (43. And We shall remove from t heir breast s any Ghill; rivers flowing under t hem, and t hey will say: "All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah, Who has guided us t o t his, and never could we have found guidance, were it not t hat Allah had guided us! Indeed, t he Messengers of our Lord did come wit h t he t rut h.'' And it will be cried out t o t hem: "This is t he Paradise which you have inherit ed for what you used t o do.'')

Destination of Righteous Believers Aft er Allah ment ioned t he condit ion of t he miserable ones, He t hen ment ioned t he condit ion of t he happy ones, saying,

びれ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (But t hose who believed, and worked right eousness) Their heart s have believed and t hey performed good deeds wit h t heir limbs and senses, as compared t o t hose who disbelieved in t he Ayat of Allah and were arrogant wit h t hem. Allah also said t hat embracing fait h and implement ing it are easy, when He said,

ブ ⊥ あヤム∠ ル⊥ Ι ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゅ∠ヰバ∠ ∇シヱ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ びモ ｙビ ͡ ∇リョあ ユ͡ワケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ハゴ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ (But t hose who believed, and worked right eousness -- We burden not any person beyond his scope -- such are t he dwellers of Paradise. They will abide t herein. And We shall remove from t heir breast s any Ghill;) meaning, envy and hat red. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Sa` id AlKhudri said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥ジら͡ ェ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゾ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ や∠クま͡» ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ユ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ヌョ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ｚゾわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ ト ∠ ∇レホ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ⊥ やヲぁボル⊥ ヱ∠ やヲ⊥よあグワ⊥ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヲプ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや メ ͡ ヲ⊥カキ⊥ ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ͡ レ͡ ム∠ ∇ジヨ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ メ ぁ キ∠ ぺ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ ャ͡ゴ͡ ∇レヨ∠ よ͡ «ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや (Aft er t he believers are saved from ent ering t he Fire, t hey will be kept in wait by a bridge bet ween Paradise and Hellfire. Then, t ransgression t hat occurred bet ween t hem in t he life of t his world will be j udged. Unt il, when t hey are purified and cleansed, t hey will be given permission t o ent er Paradise. By He in Whose Hand is my soul! One of t hem will be able t o find his dwelling in Paradise more so t han he did in t he life of t his world.) As-Suddi said about Allah's st at ement ,

リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ モ ｙビ ͡ ∇リョあ ユ͡ワケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ハゴ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ わ͡ ∇エゎ∠ (And We shall remove from t heir breast s any Ghill; rivers flowing under t hem,) "When t he people of Paradise are t aken t o it , t hey will find a t ree close t o it s door, and t wo springs from under t he t runk of t hat t ree. They will drink from one of t hem, and all hat red will be removed from t heir heart s, for it is t he cleansing drink. They will t ake a bat h in t he ot her, and t he bright ness of delight will radiat e from t heir faces. Ever aft er, t hey will never have messy hair or become dirt y.'' An-Nasa'i and Ibn Marduwyah (t his being his wording) recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

:メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ バ∠ ∇ボョ∠ ン∠ゲΑ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ぁモミ⊥ » モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ゲ∇ムセ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ヶ͡ルや∠ギワ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ∇ヲャ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ バ∠ ∇ボョ∠ ン∠ゲΑ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや «り∠ゲ∇ジェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ヶ͡ルや∠ギワ∠

(Each of t he people of Paradise will see his seat in t he Fire and he will say, ` Had not Allah guided me! And t his will cause him t o be grat eful. Each of t he people of t he Fire will see his seat in Paradise, and he will say, ` Might t hat Allah had guided me!' So it will be a cause of anguish for him.) This is why when t he believers are awarded seat s in Paradise t hat belonged t o t he people of t he Fire, t hey will be t old, "This is t he Paradise t hat you inherit ed because of what you used t o do. '' This means, because of your good deeds, you earned Allah's mercy and t hus ent ered Paradise and t ook your designat ed dwellings in it , comparable t o your deeds. This is t he proper meaning here, for it is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat t he Prophet said,

«るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ∇リャ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ» (And know t hat t he good deeds of one of you will not admit him int o Paradise.) They said, "Not even you, O Allah's Messenger'' He said,

«モ∇ツプ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ やヶ ∠ ル͡ ギ∠ ヨｚ ピ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅ∂ャま͡ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ » (Not even I, unless Allah grant s it t o me out of His mercy and favor.)

∇ギホ∠ ラ∠ぺ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ン∠キゅ∠ルヱ∠ ぴ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚョ ユぁゎギ∠ィヱ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ゅ６ボェ ∠ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠ルギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ∇バャｚ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∀ラクあ ∠ぽョ⊥ ラ ∠ クｚ ほ∠プ∠ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ６ボェ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ユ⊥ワヱ∠ ゅ⇔ィ∠ヲ͡ハ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (44. And t he dwellers of Paradise will call out t o t he dwellers of t he Fire (saying): "We have indeed found t rue what our Lord had promised us; have you also found t rue what your Lord promised (warned)'' They shall say: "Yes.'' Then a crier will proclaim bet ween t hem: "The curse of Allah is on t he wrongdoers.'') (45. Those who hindered (men) from t he pat h of Allah, and would seek t o make it crooked, and t hey were disbelievers in t he Hereaft er.)

People of Hellfire will feel Anguish upon Anguish Allah ment ioned how t he people of t he Fire will be addressed, chast ised and admonished when t hey t ake t heir places in t he Fire,

ゅｚョ ユぁゎギ∠ィヱ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ゅ６ボェ ∠ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠ルギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ び∇ユバ∠ ル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ６ボェ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ("We (dwellers of Paradise) have indeed found t rue what our Lord had promised us; have you (dwellers of Hell) also found t rue what your Lord promised (warned)'' They shall say: "Yes.'') In Surat As-Saffat , Allah ment ioned t he one who had a disbelieving companion,

ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ∠ゎ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ￢͡ へ∠ヲシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ や∠￢ゲ∠ プ∠ ノ∠ ヤ∠デ ｚ ゅ∠プぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ムャ∠ ヴあよケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ͡ Α͡キ∇ゲわ⊥ ャ∠ れ ｚ ギ͡ミ ゅ∠レわ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヲョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡わΒあ ヨ∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲツ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや びリ ∠ Β͡よグｚ バ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや (So he looked down and saw him in t he midst of t he Fire. He said: "By Allah! You have nearly ruined me. Had it not been for t he grace of my Lord, I would cert ainly have been among t hose brought fort h (t o Hell).'' (The dwellers of Paradise will say!) "Are we t hen not t o die (any more) Except our first deat h, and we shall not be punished'') 37:55-59 . Allah will punish t he disbeliever for t he claims he used t o ut t er in t his life. The angels will also admonish t he disbelievers, saying,

や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゲ∀ ∇エジ ͡ プ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ヴ͡わャｚや ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワぴ Ι ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プ ゅ∠ワ∇ヲ∠ヤ∇タや - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ュぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シ ∇やヱ⊥ゲ͡ら∇ダ∠ゎ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ (This is t he Fire which you used t o belie. Is t his magic or do you not see Tast e you t herein it s heat and whet her you are pat ient of it or impat ient of it , it is all t he same. You are only being requit ed for what you used t o do) 52:14-16 . The Messenger of Allah admonished t he inhabit ant s of t he well at Badr:

ゅ∠Α∠ヱ る∠ バ∠ Β͡よケ∠ リ ∠ ∇よ る∠ ら∠ ∇わハ ⊥ ゅ∠Α∠ヱ ュ∃ ゅ∠ゼワ͡ リ ∠ ∇よ モ ͡ ∇ヰィ ∠ ゅ∠よ∠ぺ ゅ∠Α» ゅ∠ョ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇モワ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ シ ∠ ヱ⊥ぼケ⊥ ヴｚヨシ ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ バ∠ Β͡よケ∠ リ ∠ ∇よ る∠ ら∠ ∇Βセ ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ヶ͡ルギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅョ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヶあルみ͡プ∠ ゅ６ボェ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ «ゅ６ボェ ∠ (O Abu Jahl bin Hisham! O ` Ut bah bin Rabi` ah! O Shaybah bin Rabi` ah (and he called t heir leaders by name)! Have you found what your Lord promised t o be t rue (t he Fire) I cert ainly found what my Lord has promised me t o be t rue (vict ory).) ` Umar said, "O Allah's Messenger! Do you address a people who have become rot t en carrion'' He said,

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ノ∠ ヨ∠ ∇シほ∠よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» «やヲ⊥らΒ͡イΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ (By He in Whose Hand is my soul! You do not hear what I am saying bet t er t han t hey do, but t hey cannot reply.) Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∀ラクあ ∠ぽョ⊥ ラ ∠ クｚ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then a crier will proclaim bet ween t hem) will herald and announce,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る⊥ レ∠ ∇バｚャ ラ∠ぺぴ (The curse of Allah is on t he wrongdoers) meaning, t he curse will reside wit h t he wrongdoers. Allah t hen described t hem by saying,

びゅ⇔ィ∠ヲ͡ハ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who hindered (men) from t he pat h of Allah, and would seek t o make it crooked) meaning, t hey hindered t he people from following Allah's pat h, His Law, and what t he Prophet s brought . They sought t o make Allah's pat h appear crooked and winding, so t hat no one would follow it . Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ユ⊥ワヱ∠ ぴ

(and t hey were disbelievers in t he Hereaft er) They disbelieved in t he Meet ing wit h Allah in t he Hereaft er, They used t o deny t his will ever occur, not accept ing it nor believing in it . This is why t hey used t o discount t he seriousness of t he evil deeds and st at ement s t hat t hey commit t ed, because t hey did not fear any reckoning or punishment . Therefore, t hey were and are indeed t he worst people in st at ement and act ion.

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ∀メゅ∠ィ͡ケ フ ͡ や∠ゲ∇ハｘΙや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ∀ゆゅ∠イ͡ェ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ラ∠ぺ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱキ∠ ゅ∠ルヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΒジ ͡ よ͡ ６Κミ⊥ ∇ろプ∠ ゲ͡ タ ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇トΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ボ∇ヤゎ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ (46. And bet ween t hem will be a (barrier) screen and on Al-A` raf will be men, who would recognize all, by t heir marks. And t hey will call out t o t he dwellers of Paradise, "Peace be on you'' and at t hat t ime t hey will not yet have ent ered it (Paradise), but t hey will hope t o ent er (it ).) (47. And when t heir eyes will be t urned t owards t he dwellers of t he Fire, t hey will say: "Our Lord! Place us not wit h t he people who are wrongdoers.'')

The People of Al-A` raf Aft er Allah ment ioned t hat t he people of Paradise will address t he people of t he Fire, He st at ed t hat t here is a barrier bet ween Paradise and t he Fire, which prevent s t he people of t he Fire from reaching Paradise. Ibn Jarir said, "It is t he wall t hat Allah described,

る⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ Β͡プ ヮ⊥ レ⊥ デ ͡ ゅ∠よ ∀ゆゅ∠よ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ケ∃ ヲ⊥ジよ͡ ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゆ ∠ ゲ͡ ツ ⊥ プ∠ ぴ びゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤ͡ら∠ ホ͡ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ヰ͡ ⇒∠ニヱ∠ (So a wall will be put up bet ween t hem, wit h a gat e t herein. Inside it will be mercy, and out side it will be t orment .) 57:13 It is also about Al-A` raf t hat Allah said,

び∀メゅ∠ィ͡ケ フ ͡ や∠ゲ∇ハｘΙや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (and on Al-A` raf will be men).'' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat As-Suddi said about Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ゆゅ∠イ͡ェ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And bet ween t hem will be a screen) "It is t he wall, it is Al-A` raf.'' Muj ahid said, "Al-A` raf is a barrier bet ween Paradise and t he Fire, a wall t hat has a gat e.'' Ibn Jarir said, "Al-A` raf is plural for ` Urf, where every elevat ed piece of land is known as ` Urf t o t he Arabs.'' As-Suddi said, "AlA` raf is so named because it s resident s recognize (Ya` rifun) t he people. Al-A` raf's resident s are t hose whose good and bad deeds are equal, as Hudhayfah, Ibn ` Abbas, Ibn Mas` ud and several of t he Salaf and lat er generat ions said.'' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Hudhayfah was asked about t he people of Al-A` raf and he said, "A people whose good and bad deeds are equal. Their evil deeds prevent ed t hem from qualifying t o ent er Paradise, and t heir good deeds qualified t hem t o avoid t he Fire. Therefore, t hey are st opped t here on t he wall unt il Allah j udges t hem.'' Ma` mar said t hat Al-Hasan recit ed t his Ayah,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇トΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぴ (and at t hat t ime t hey will not yet have ent ered it (Paradise), but t hey will hope t o ent er (it ).) Then he said, "By Allah! Allah did not put t his hope in t heir heart s, except for an honor t hat He int ends t o best ow on t hem.'' Qat adah said; "Those who hope are t hose among you whom Allah informed of t heir places.'' Allah said next ,

ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ボ∇ヤゎ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ ∇ろプ∠ ゲ͡ タ ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ (And when t heir eyes will be t urned t owards t he dwellers of t he Fire, t hey will say: "Our Lord! Place us not wit h t he people who are wrongdoers.'') Ad-Dahhak report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "When t he people of Al-A` raf look at t he people of t he Fire and recognize t hem, t hey will supplicat e, ` O Lord! Do not place us wit h t he people who are wrongdoers.'''

∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ィケ͡ フ ͡ や∠ゲ∇ハｘΙや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ン∠キゅ∠ルヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ∇ヨィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ヴ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΒ͡ジよ͡ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠レΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Ι ∠ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや (48. And t he men on Al-A` raf will call unt o t he men whom t hey would recognize by t heir marks, saying: "Of what benefit t o you was your gat hering, and your arrogance'') (49. "Are t hey t hose, of whom you swore t hat Allah would never show t hem mercy (Behold! It has been said t o t hem): ` Ent er Paradise, no fear shall be on you, nor shall you grieve.''') Allah st at es t hat t he

people of Al-A` raf will admonish some of t he chiefs of t he idolat ors whom t hey recognize by t heir marks in t he Fire, saying,

び∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ∇ヨィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ヴ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ べ∠ョぴ ("Of what benefit t o you was your gat hering...'') meaning, your great numbers,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ("...and your arrogance'') This Ayah means, your great numbers and wealt h did not save you from Allah's t orment . Rat her, you are dwelling in His t orment and punishment . ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas,

びる∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠レΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワぺ∠ぴ (Are t hey t hose, of whom you swore t hat Allah would never show t hem mercy) refers t o t he people of Al-A` raf who will be t old when Allah decrees:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Ι ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キやぴ ((Behold! It has been said t o t hem): "Ent er Paradise, no fear shall be on you, nor shall you grieve.'')

∇ラぺ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ン∠キゅ∠ルヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ツΒ͡プぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ョ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎｚゲビ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔らバ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ヲ∇ヰャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユヰ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ジレ∠ル び ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∠エ∇イ∠Α ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ (50. And t he dwellers of t he Fire will call t o t he dwellers of Paradise: "Pour on us some wat er or anyt hing t hat Allah has provided you wit h.'' They will say: "Bot h (wat er and provision) Allah has forbidden for t he disbelievers.) (51. "Who t ook t heir religion as amusement and play, and

t he life of t he world deceived t hem.'' So t his Day We shall forget t hem as t hey forgot t heir meet ing of t his Day, and as t hey used t o rej ect Our Ayat .)

The Favors of paradise are Prohibited for the People of the Fire Allah emphasizes t he disgrace of t he people of t he Fire. They will ask t he people of Paradise for some of t heir drink and food, but t hey will not be given any of t hat . As-Suddi said,

∇ラぺ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ン∠キゅ∠ルヱ∠ ぴ びヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ツΒ͡プぺ∠ (And t he dwellers of t he Fire will call t o t he dwellers of Paradise: "Pour on us some wat er or anyt hing t hat Allah has provided you wit h.'') "That is food''. At h-Thawri said t hat ` Ut hman At hThaqafi said t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr comment ed on t his Ayah, "One of t hem will call his fat her or brot her, ` I have been burned, so pour some wat er on me.' The believers will be asked t o reply, and t hey will reply,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ョ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ("Bot h Allah has forbidden t o t he disbelievers.'')'' ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said t hat ,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ョ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ("Bot h Allah has forbidden t o t he disbelievers.'') "Refers t o t he food and drink of Paradise.'' Allah describes t he disbelievers by what t hey used t o do in t his life, t aking t he religion as amusement and play, and being deceived by t his life and it s adornment , rat her t han working for t he Hereaft er as Allah commanded,

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユヰ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ジレ∠ル ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プぴ (So t his Day We shall forget t hem as t hey forgot t heir meet ing of t his Day) meaning, Allah will t reat t hem as if He has forgot t en t hem. Cert ainly, not hing escapes Allah's perfect wat ch and He never forget s anyt hing. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

びヴ∠ジレ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ モ ぁツ ͡ Α∠ Ι ｚ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プぴ (In a Record. My Lord neit her errs nor forget s) 20:52 Allah said -- t hat He will forget t hem on t hat Day -- as j ust recompense for t hem, because,

び∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ジ ͡ レ∠ プ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ ぴ (They have forgot t en Allah, so He has forgot t en t hem) 9:67

びヴ∠ジ∇レゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ Β͡ジレ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αへ マ ∠ ∇わゎ∠ ぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Like t his: Our Ayat came unt o you, but you disregarded t hem, and so t his Day, you will be neglect ed) 20:126 and,

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユム⊥ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ジル∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ジレ∠ル ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ ぴ (And it will be said: "This Day We will forget you as you forgot t he meet ing of t his Day of yours.'') 45:34 Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on,

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユヰ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ジレ∠ル ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プぴ (So t his Day We shall forget t hem as t hey forgot t heir meet ing of t his Day) "Allah will forget t he good about t hem, but not t heir evil.'' And ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "We shall forsake t hem as t hey have forsaken t he meet ing of t his Day of t heirs.'' Muj ahid said, "We shall leave t hem in t he Fire.'' As-Suddi said, "We shall leave t hem from any mercy, j ust as t hey left any act ion on behalf of t he meet ing on t his Day of t heirs.'' It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat Allah will say t o t he servant on t he Day of Resurrect ion:

モ ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ∠ ∇ゲガ あシ ∠ ぺ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∨∠マ∇ョゲ͡ ∇ミぺ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∨∠マ∇ィヱあ コ∠ ぺ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠» ∩ヴ∠ヤよ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨⊥ノよ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ サ ⊥ ぺ∠∇ゲゎ∠ ポ ∠ ∇ケク∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ∠ よ͡ み͡∇ャや∠ヱ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ャ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨ｚヶ͡ホゅ∠ヤョ⊥ マ ∠ ルｚぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇レレ∠ ニ ∠ ぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ «ヶ͡レわ∠ Β͡ジル∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠ミ ポ ∠ ゅ∠ジ∇ルぺ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プ :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ("Have I not got t en you married Have I not honored you Have I not made horses and camels subservient for you and allowed you t o become a leader and a mast er'' He will say, "Yes.'' Allah will say, "Did you t hink t hat you will meet Me'' He will say, "No.'' Allah t he Exalt ed will say, ` Then t his Day, I will forget you as you have forgot t en Me.'')

ン⇔ギワ⊥ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤダ ｚ プ∠ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わム͡ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇モワ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ギホ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ジル∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢∠ べ∠バヘ∠ セ ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レャｚ モ∠ヰプ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠ィ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ モ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バレ∠ プ∠ ぁキゲ∠ ル⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠レ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥バヘ∠ ∇ゼΒ∠ プ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲジ ͡カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ び (52. Cert ainly, We have brought t o t hem a Book (t he Qur'an) which We have explained in det ail wit h knowledge, a guidance and a mercy t o a people who believe.) (53. Await t hey j ust for t he final fulfillment of t he event On t he Day t he event is finally fulfilled, t hose who neglect ed it before will say: "Verily, t he Messengers of our Lord did come wit h t he t rut h, now are t here any int ercessors for us t hat t hey might int ercede on our behalf Or could we be sent back (t o t he first life of t he world) so t hat we might do (good) deeds ot her t han t hose (evil) deeds which we used t o do'' Verily, t hey have lost t hemselves and t hat which t hey used t o fabricat e has gone away from t hem.)

The Idolators have no Excuse Allah st at es t hat He has left no excuse for t he idolat ors, for He has sent t o t hem t he Book t hat t he Messenger came wit h, and which is explained in det ail,

び∇ろヤ∠ダ あ プ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠Αや￢ ∇ろヨ∠ ム͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ ∀ゆゅ∠わ͡ミぴ ((This is) a Book, t he Ayat whereof are perfect ed (in every sphere of knowledge), and t hen explained in det ail ) 11:1 Allah said next ,

びユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤダ ｚ プ∠ ぴ (We have explained in det ail wit h knowledge) meaning, ` We have perfect knowledge of what We explained in it '. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

びヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゴ∠ ル∠ぺぴ (He has sent it down wit h His Knowledge,) 4:166 The meaning here is t hat aft er Allah ment ioned t he loss t he idolat ors end up wit h in t he Hereaft er, He st at ed t hat He has indeed sent Prophet s and revealed Books in t his life, t hus leaving no excuse for t hem. Allah also said;

びΙ ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らル∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡よあグバ∠ ョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We never punish unt il We have sent a Messenger (t o give warning).) 17:15 This is why Allah said here,

びヮ⊥ ヤ∠Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇モワ∠ ぴ (Await t hey j ust for t he final fulfillment of t he event ) in reference t o what t hey were promised of t orment , punishment , t he Fire; or Paradise, according t o Muj ahid and several ot hers.

びヮ⊥ ヤ⊥Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day t he event is finally fulfilled,) on t he Day of Resurrect ion, according t o Ibn ` Abbas,

びモ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ジル∠ リ ∠ Αグ͡ ャｚや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ (t hose who neglect ed it before will say) t hose who ignored it in t his life and neglect ed abiding by it s implicat ions will say,

￢∠ べ∠バヘ∠ セ ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レャｚ モ∠ヰプ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ びべ∠レ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥バヘ∠ ∇ゼΒ∠ プ∠ ("Verily, t he Messengers of our Lord did come wit h t he t rut h, now are t here any int ercessors for us t hat t hey might int ercede on our behalf'') so t hat we are saved from what we ended up in.

びぁキゲ∠ ル⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ ("Or could we be sent back''), t o t he first life,

びモ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ モ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バレ∠ プ∠ ぴ ("So t hat we might do (good) deeds ot her t han t hose (evil) deeds which we used t o do''). This part of t he Ayah is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

ぁキゲ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠レ∠わ∇Β∠ヤΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘホ͡ ヱ⊥ ∇クま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇モよ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムル∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゆ ∠ グあ ム∠ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ⇒∠バャ∠ ∇やヱぁキケ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠ギよ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ (If you could but see when t hey will be held over t he (Hell) Fire! They will say: "Would t hat we were but sent back! Then we would not deny t he Ayat of our Lord, and we would be of t he believers!'' Nay, it has become manifest t o t hem what t hey had been concealing before. But if t hey were ret urned (t o t he world), t hey would cert ainly revert t o t hat which t hey were forbidden. And indeed t hey are liars) 6:27-28 Allah said here,

∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲジ ͡カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ (Verily, t hey have lost t hemselves and t hat which t hey used t o fabricat e has gone away from t hem.) meaning, t hey dest royed t hemselves by ent ering t he Fire for et ernit y,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat which t hey used t o fabricat e has gone away from t hem.) What t hey used t o worship inst ead of Allah abandoned t hem and will not int ercede on t heir behalf, aid t hem or save t hem from t heir fat e.

ヶ͡プ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ∠ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ヴ͡ゼ∇ピΑ⊥ ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ヲわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ わｚ シ ͡ ュ∠ ヲ⊥イレぁ ャや∠ヱ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゅん⇔ Β͡んェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ヤ⊥∇トΑ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ペ ⊥ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ れ ∃ ゲ∠ ガ ｚジ ∠ ョ⊥ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ (54. Indeed, your Lord is Allah, Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h in Six Days, and t hen He rose over (Ist awa) t he Throne. He brings t he night as a cover over t he day, seeking it rapidly, and (He creat ed) t he sun, t he moon, t he st ars subj ect ed t o His command. Surely, His is t he creat ion and commandment . Blessed is Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s!)

The Universe was created in Six Days Allah st at es t hat He creat ed t he universe, t he heavens and eart h and all t hat is in, on and bet ween t hem in six days, as He has st at ed in several Ayat in t he Qur'an. These six days are: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. On Friday, t he ent ire creat ion was assembled and on t hat day, Adam was creat ed. There is a difference of opinion whet her t hese days were t he same as our st andard days as suddenly comes t o t he mind, or each day const it ut es one t housand years, as report ed from Muj ahid, Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal, and from Ibn ` Abbas according t o Ad-Dahhak's narrat ion from him. As for Sat urday, no creat ion t ook place in it since it is t he sevent h day of (of t he week). The word ` As-Sabt ' means st oppage, or break. Imam Ahmad recorded Abu Hurayrah saying: ` Allah's Messenger t old me:

∩͡ろ∇らジ ｚ ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ る∠ よ∠ ∇ゲわぁ ャや ∩(モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ) ∩⊥ぶや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠» ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゲ∠ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ギェ ∠ ほ∠∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠をゅ∠ヤんぁ ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ロ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ∇ムヨ∠ ∇ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡リ∇Βレ∠ ∇をゅ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ｚ や∠ヱギｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゑ ｚ よ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠バよ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∠ケヲぁレャや ゲ͡ ∇ダバ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∩⊥ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∩∠ュキ∠ へ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ザΒ͡ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや る∃ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ ゲ͡ カ ͡ へ ヶ͡プ ∩͡ペ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ カ ͡ へ ヶ͡プ ∩͡るバ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ュ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダバ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∩͡るバ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや れ ͡ ゅ∠ハゅ∠シ ∇リョ͡ «モ∇Βヤｚャや . (Allah creat ed t he dust on Sat urday, and He creat ed t he mount ains on Sunday, and He creat ed t he t rees on Monday, and He creat ed t he unpleasant t hings on Tuesday and He creat ed t he light on Wednesday and He spread t he creat ures t hrough out it on Thursday and He creat ed Adam aft er ` Asr on Friday. He was t he last creat ed during t he last hour of Friday, bet ween ` Asr and t he night .)

Meaning of Istawa As for Allah's st at ement ,

びス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ヲわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and t hen He rose over (Ist awa) t he Throne) t he people had several conflict ing opinions over it s meaning. However, we follow t he way t hat our right eous predecessors t ook in t his regard, such as Malik, Al-Awza` i, At h-Thawri, Al-Layt h bin Sa` d, Ash-Shafi` i, Ahmad, Ishaq bin Rahwayh and t he rest of t he scholars of Islam, in past and present t imes. Surely, we accept t he apparent meaning of, Al-Ist awa, wit hout discussing it s t rue essence, equat ing it (wit h t he at t ribut es of t he creat ion), or alt ering or denying it (in any way or form). We also believe t hat t he meaning t hat comes t o t hose who equat e Allah wit h t he creat ion is t o be rej ect ed, for not hing is similar t o Allah,

びゲ⊥ Β͡ダら∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んヨ͡ ミ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ (There is not hing like Him, and He is t he All-Hearer, t he All-Seer.) 42:11 Indeed, we assert and affirm what t he Imams said, such as Nu` aym bin Hammad Al-Khuza'i, t he t eacher of Imam Al-Bukhari, who said, "Whoever likens Allah wit h His creat ion, will have commit t ed Kufr. Whoever denies what Allah has described Himself wit h, will have commit t ed Kufr. Cert ainly, t here is no resemblance (of Allah wit h t he creat ion) in what Allah and His Messenger have described Him wit h. Whoever at t est s t o Allah's at t ribut es t hat t he plain Ayat and aut hent ic Hadit hs have ment ioned, in t he manner t hat suit s Allah's maj est y, all t he while rej ect ing all short comings from Him, will have t aken t he pat h of guidance.''

The Day and the Night are among the Signs of Allah Allah said,

びゅ⇔んΒ͡んェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ヤ⊥∇トΑ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ヴ͡ゼ∇ピΑ⊥ ぴ (He brings t he night as a cover over t he day, seeking it rapidly,) meaning, t he darkness goes away wit h t he light , and t he light goes away wit h t he darkness. Each of t hem seeks t he ot her rapidly, and does not come lat e, for when t his vanishes, t he ot her comes, and vice versa. Allah also said;

ユ⊥ワ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ オ ⊥ ヤ∠∇ジル∠ モ ⊥ ∇Βｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚャ ∀る∠Αや∠￢∠ヱぴ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ⇒∠ヰャｚ ゲｙ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ャ͡ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌョぁ メ ∠ コ͡ ゅ∠レョ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ケギｚ ホ∠ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ - ユ͡ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Α͡ギ∇ボゎ∠ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや Ι ∠ - ユ͡ Α͡ギボ∠ ∇ャや ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ィゲ⊥バャゅ∠ミ キ∠ ゅ∠ハ ヴｚわェ ∠ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ペ ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠シ モ ⊥ ∇Βｚャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ャや ポ ∠ ケ͡ ∇ギゎ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ヰャ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エら∠ ∇ジΑ∠ マ ∃ ヤ∠プ∠ ヴ͡プ (And a sign for t hem is t he night . We wit hdraw t herefrom t he day, and behold, t hey are in darkness. And t he sun runs on it s fixed course for a t erm (appoint ed). That is t he decree of t he All-Might y, t he All-Knowing. And t he moon, We have measured for it mansions (t o t raverse) t ill it ret urns like t he old dried curved dat e st alk. It is not for t he sun t o overt ake t he moon, nor does t he night out st rip t he day. They all float , each in an orbit .) 36:37-40 Allah's st at ement ,

びケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ペ ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠シ モ ⊥ ∇Βｚャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Nor does t he night out st rip t he day) 36:40 means, t he night follows t he day in succession and does not come lat er or earlier t han it should be. This is why Allah said here,

れ ∃ ゲ∠ ガ ｚジ ∠ ョ⊥ ュ∠ ヲ⊥イレぁ ャや∠ヱ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゅ⇔んΒ͡んェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ヤ⊥∇トΑ∠ ぴ びロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ (seeking it rapidly, and (He creat ed) t he sun, t he moon, t he st ars subj ect ed t o His command.) meaning, all are under His command, will and dominion. Allah alert ed us aft erwards,

びゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ペ ⊥ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Surely, His is t he creat ion and commandment ) t he dominion and t he decision. Allah said next ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぴ (Blessed is Allah, t he Lord of t he all t hat exist s!) which is similar t o t he Ayah,

びゅ⇔ィヱ⊥ゲよ⊥ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぴ (Blessed be He Who has placed in t he heaven big st ars) supplicat ion, t hat was also at t ribut ed t o t he Prophet ,

25:61

Abu Ad-Darda' said a

マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒ぁヤミ⊥ マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤあミ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ⊥ほ∠∇シぺ∠ ∩⊥ヮヤぁミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョほ∠∇ャや ノ⊥ ィ ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ «ヮあヤミ⊥ ゲあ ゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ よ͡ (O Allah! Yours is all t he kingdom, all t he praise, and Yours is t he ownership of all affairs. I ask You for all t ypes of good and seek refuge wit h You from all t ypes of evil.)

ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ る⇔ Β∠ ∇ヘカ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ハゲぁ ツ ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キやぴ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇バヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔バヨ∠ デ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プ∇ヲカ ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇キや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰエ ͡ ⇒∠ヤ∇タま͡ びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ょΑ͡ゲ∠ホ (55. Invoke your Lord Tadarru` an and Khufyah. He likes not t he aggressors.) (56. And do not do mischief on t he eart h, aft er it has been set in order, and invoke Him wit h fear and hope. Surely, Allah's mercy is (ever) near unt o t he good-doers.)

Encouraging supplicating to Allah Allah commands His servant s t o supplicat e t o Him, for t his will ensure t heir welfare in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Allah said,

びる⇔ Β∠ ∇ヘカ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ハゲぁ ツ ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キやぴ (Invoke your Lord Tadarru` an and Khufyah) meaning, in humbleness and humilit y. Allah said in a similar Ayah,

びマ ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヶ͡プ マ ∠ よｚ ケｚ ゲ⊥ミ∇クや∠ヱぴ (And remember your Lord wit hin yourself) 7:205 It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari said, "The people raised t heir voices wit h supplicat ions but t he Messenger of Allah said,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥バよ∠ ∇ケや サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠» «ょΑ͡ゲホ∠ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔らも͡ ゅ∠ビ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ユｚ タ ∠ ぺ∠ (O people! Take it easy on yourselves. Verily, you are not calling one who is deaf or absent , rat her, t he One you are calling is All-Hearer, Near (t o His servant s by His knowledge).) Ibn Jarir said t hat ,

びゅ⇔ハゲぁ ツ ∠ ゎ∠ ぴ (Tadarru` an), means obeying Him in humilit y and humbleness,

びる⇔ Β∠ ∇ヘカ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and Khufyah), wit h t he humbleness in your heart s and cert aint y of His Oneness and Lordship not supplicat ing loudly t o show off.

Forbidding Aggression in Supplications It was report ed t hat ` At a' Al-Khurasani narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas, who said about Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇バヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (He likes not t he aggressors) "In t he Du` a' and ot herwise.'' Abu Mij laz comment ed on,

びリ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇バヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (He likes not t he aggressors), "Such (aggression) as asking t o reach t he grade of t he Prophet s.'' Imam Ahmad narrat ed t hat Abu Ni` amah said t hat ` Abdullah bin Mughaffal heard his son supplicat ing, "O Allah! I ask you for t he whit e cast le on t he right side of Paradise, if I ent er it .''

So ` Abdullah said, "O my son! Ask Allah for Paradise and seek refuge wit h Him from t he Fire, for I heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

«ケヲ⊥ヰト ｚ ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ ゅ∠ハギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ » (There will come some people who t ransgress in supplicat ion and purificat ion)'' Ibn Maj ah and Abu Dawud recorded t his Hadit h wit h a good chain t hat t here is no harm in, and Allah knows best .

The Prohibition of causing Mischief in the Land Allah said next ,

びゅ∠ヰエ ͡ ⇒∠ヤ∇タま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And do not do mischief on t he eart h, aft er it has been set in order) 5:56 . Allah prohibit s causing mischief on t he eart h, especially aft er it has been set in order. When t he affairs are in order and t hen mischief occurs, it will cause maximum harm t o t he people; t hus Allah forbids causing mischief and ordained worshipping Him, supplicat ing t o Him, begging Him and being humble t o Him. Allah said,

びゅ⇔バヨ∠ デ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プ∇ヲカ ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇キや∠ヱぴ (and invoke Him wit h fear and hope) fearing what He has of severe t orment and hoping in what He has of t remendous reward. Allah t hen said,

びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ょΑ͡ゲ∠ホ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, Allah's mercy is (ever) near unt o t he good-doers) meaning, His mercy is for t he gooddoers who obey His commands and avoid what He prohibit ed. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ゅ∠ヰら⊥ わ⊥ ∇ミほ∠ジ ∠ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ モ ｚ ミ⊥ ∇ろバ∠ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ヴ͡わ∠ヨ∇ェ∠ケ∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ (And My mercy envelopes all t hings. That (mercy) I shall ordain for t hose who who have Taqwa.) 7:156 . Mat ar Al-Warraq said, "Earn Allah's promise by obeying Him, for He ordained t hat His mercy is near t o t he good-doers. '' Ibn Abi Hat im collect ed t his st at ement .

∇ンギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ⇔ンゲ∇ゼよ⊥ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠Αゲあ ャや モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ギ∃ ヤ∠ら∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボシ ⊥ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ボを͡ ゅ⇔よゅ∠エシ ∠ ∇ろヤｚホ∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カほ∠プ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ろ ∃ Βあ ョｚ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∇ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガル⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ んｚ ャや ゑ ∠ ら⊥ カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠らル∠ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ょ ⊥ Βあ ト ｚ ャや ギ⊥ ヤ∠ら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΓや フ ⊥ あゲダ ∠ ル⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ や⇔ギム͡ ル∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ Ι ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ (57. And it is He Who sends t he winds as heralds of glad t idings, going before His mercy (rain). Till when t hey have carried a heavy-laden cloud, We drive it t o a land t hat is dead, t hen We cause wat er (rain) t o descend t hereon. Then We produce every kind of fruit t herewit h. Similarly, We shall raise up t he dead, so t hat you may remember or t ake heed.) (58. The veget at ion of a good land comes fort h (easily) by t he permission of it s Lord; and t hat which is bad, brings fort h not hing but (a lit t le) wit h difficult y. Thus do We explain variously t he Ayat for a people who give t hanks.)

Among Allah's Signs, He sends down the Rain and brings forth the Produce Aft er Allah st at ed t hat He creat ed t he heavens and eart h and t hat He is t he Owner and Possessor of t he affairs Who makes t hings subservient (for mankind), He ordained t hat He be invoked in Du` a', for He is able t o do all t hings. Allah also st at ed t hat He is t he Sust ainer and He resurrect s t he dead on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Here, Allah said t hat He sends t he wind t hat spreads t he clouds t hat are laden wit h rain. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

びれ ∃ ゲ∠ ゼ あ ら∠ ョ⊥ ウ ∠ ⇒∠Αゲあ ャや モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And among His signs is t his, t hat He sends t he winds wit h glad t idings) st at ement ,

30:46 . Allah's

びヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ∇ンギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ぴ (going before His mercy) means, before t he rain. Allah also said;

∇やヲ⊥トレ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゑ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び ギ⊥ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ぁ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ レ∠Αヱ∠ (And He it is Who sends down t he rain aft er t hey have despaired, and spreads His mercy. And He is Al-Wali (t he Guardian), Al-Hamid (t he praisewort hy) 42:28 and,

チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゲ͡ ⇒∠をや∠￢ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プぴ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ (Look t hen at t he result s of Allah's mercy, how He revives t he eart h aft er it s deat h. Verily, t hat is t he one Who shall indeed raise t he dead, and He is able t o do all t hings) 30:50 . Allah said next ,

びΙ ⇔ ゅ∠ボを͡ ゅ⇔よゅ∠エシ ∠ ∇ろヤｚホ∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (Till when t hey have carried a heavy-laden cloud) when t he wind carries clouds t hat are heavy wit h rain, and t his is why t hese clouds are heavy, close t o t he eart h, and t heir color is dark. Allah's st at ement ,

びろ ∃ Βあ ョｚ ギ∃ ヤ∠ら∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボシ ⊥ぴ (We drive it t o a land t hat is dead) t hat is, a dry land t hat does not have any veget at ion. This Ayah is similar t o anot her Ayah,

びゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ΒΒ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ る⊥ わ∠ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚャ ∀る∠Αや∠￢∠ヱぴ (And a sign for t hem is t he dead land. We give it life) 36:33 . This is why Allah said here,

ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガル⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ んｚ ャや あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カほ∠プ∠ ぴ びヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∇ャや

(Then We produce every kind of fruit t herewit h. Similarly, We shall raise up t he dead.) meaning, j ust as We bring life t o dead land, We shall raise up t he dead on t he Day of Resurrect ion, aft er t hey have disint egrat ed. Allah will send down rain from t he sky and t he rain will pour on t he eart h for fort y days. The corpses will t hen be brought up in t heir graves, j ust as t he seeds become grow in t he ground (on receiving rain). Allah oft en ment ions t his similarit y in t he Qur'an when He gives t he example of what will happen on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and bringing life t o dead land,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (so t hat you may remember or t ake heed.) Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠らル∠ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ょ ⊥ Βあ ト ｚ ャや ギ⊥ ヤ∠ら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (The veget at ion of a good land comes fort h (easily) by t he permission of it s Lord;) meaning, t he good land produces it s veget at ion rapidly and proficient ly. Allah said in anot her Ayah (about Maryam, mot her of ` Isa, peace be upon him);

びゅ⇔レジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ⇔ゎゅ∠らル∠ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ ら∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (He made her grow in a good manner.) 3:37 The Ayah cont inues,

びや⇔ギム͡ ル∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゑ ∠ ら⊥ カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (and t hat which is bad, brings fort h not hing but wit h difficult y.) Muj ahid, and ot hers such as As-Sibakh, et c. also said t his. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Musa said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ヶ͡レん∠ バ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ » る∀ Βｚ ボ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ゅ⇔ッ∇ケぺ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ゲ͡ Β͡んム∠ ∇ャや ゑ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゲ∠ Β͡んム∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ∇ゼバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ほ∠ヤ∠ム∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ わ∠ ら∠ ∇ルほ∠プ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ろ ͡ ヤ∠ら͡ ホ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ノ∠ ヘ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ろ ͡ ム∠ ジ ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ゆ ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠ィぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ る⇔ ヘ∠ も͡ ゅ∠デ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ヱ∠ やヲ⊥ハケ∠ コ∠ ヱ∠ や∇ヲボ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ やヲ⊥よゲ͡ ゼ ∠ プ∠ ろ ⊥ ら͡ ∇レゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ￢⇔ ゅ∠ョ マ ⊥ジ ͡ ∇ヨゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∀ラゅ∠バΒ͡ホ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥

ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や リ ͡ Α͡キ ヶ͡プ ヮ∠ ボ⊥ プ∠ ∇リョ∠ モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ プ∠ ∩⇔ほ∠ヤ∠ミ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ よ͡ ∇ノプ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇リョ∠ モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ユ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ ヱ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡バ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ヶ͡レん∠ バ∠ よ∠ «ヮ͡よ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚや ぶ ͡ や ン∠ギワ⊥ ∇モら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔シ∇ぺ∠ケ (The parable of t he guidance and knowledge wit h which Allah has sent me is t hat of an abundant rain falling on a land, some of which was fert ile soil t hat absorbed rain wat er and brought fort h veget at ion and grass in abundance. And anot her port ion of it was hard and held t he rain wat er; and Allah benefit ed t he people wit h it , t hey ut ilized it for drinking, making t heir animals drink from it , and for irrigat ion of t he land for cult ivat ion. And a port ion of it was barren which could neit her hold t he wat er nor bring fort h veget at ion. The first is t he example of t he person who comprehends Allah's religion and get s benefit which Allah sent me wit h, by learnign and t eaching ot hers. The last example is t hat of a person who does not care for it and does not accept t he guidance Allah sent me wit h.)

∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ⇒∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ル ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ポ ∠ や∠ゲレ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ Ζ∠ヨ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∀るヤ∠⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡よ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ⇒∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ピ⊥ あヤよ∠ ぺ⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケｚ リあョ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ヶあレム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ダ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒ヤ⇒∠シケ͡ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ (59. Indeed, We sent Nuh t o his people and he said: "O my people! Worship Allah! You have no ot her god but Him. Cert ainly, I fear for you t he t orment of a Great Day!'') (60. The leaders of his people said: "Verily, we see you in plain error.'') (61. Nuh said: "O my people! There is no error in me, but I am a Messenger from t he Lord of all t hat exist s!) (62. I convey unt o you t he Messages of my Lord and give sincere advice t o you. And I know from Allah what you know not .'')

The Story of Nuh and His People Aft er Allah ment ioned t he st ory of Adam in t he beginning of t his Surah, He st art ed ment ioning t he st ories of t he Prophet s, t he first t hen t he lat t er of t hem. Allah ment ioned t he st ory of Nuh, because he was t he first Messenger Allah sent t o t he people of t he eart h aft er Adam. His name

was Nuh bin Lamak bin Mat ushalakh bin Khanukh. And Khanukh was, as t hey claim, t he Prophet Idris. And Idris was t he first person t o writ e let t ers using pen, and he was t he son of Barad bin Mahlil, bin Qanin bin Yanish bin Shit h bin Adam, upon t hem all be peace. This lineage is ment ioned by Muhammad bin Ishaq and ot her Imams who document lineage. ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas and several ot her scholars of Tafsir said t hat t he first idol worship began when some right eous people died and t heir people built places of worship over t heir graves. They made images of t hem so t hat t hey could remember t heir right eousness and devot ion, and t hus, imit at e t hem. When t ime passed, t hey made st at ues of t hem and lat er on worshipped t hese idols, naming t hem aft er t he right eous people: Wadd, Suwa` , Yaghut h, Ya` uq and Nasr. Aft er t his pract ice became popular, Allah sent Nuh as a Messenger, all t hanks are due t o Him. Nuh commanded his people t o worship Allah alone wit hout part ners, saying,

ヴあルま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ⇒∠Αぴ びユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ("O my people! Worship Allah! You have no ot her god but Him. Cert ainly, I fear for you t he t orment of a Great Day!'') t he t orment of t he Day of Resurrect ion, if you meet Allah while associat ing ot hers wit h Him.

びヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ Ζ∠ヨ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (The leaders of his people said) meaning, t he general public, chiefs, commanders and great ones of his people said,

びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヶ͡プ ポ ∠ や∠ゲレ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚル͡まぴ ("Verily, we see you in plain error'') because of your calling us t o abandon t he worship of t hese idols t hat we found our forefat hers worshipping. This, indeed, is t he at t it ude of evil people, for t hey consider t he right eous people t o be following misguidance. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

びラ ∠ ヲぁャべ∠ツャ∠ ￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t hey saw t hem, t hey said: "Verily, t hese have indeed gone ast ray!'') 83:32 and,

ゅｚョ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ∀マ∇プ͡ま へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠ルヲ⊥ボら∠ シ ∠ び ∀ユΑ͡ギ∠ホ

(And t hose who disbelieve say of t hose who believe: "Had it been a good t hing, t hey (t he weak and poor) would not have preceded us t heret o!'' And when t hey have not let t hemselves be guided by it (t his Qur'an), t hey say: "This is an ancient lie!'') 46:11 There are several ot her Ayat on t his subj ect .

リあョ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ヶあレム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∀るヤ∠⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡よ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ⇒∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケｚ ( Nuh said: "O my people! There is no error in me, but I am a Messenger from t he Lord of all t hat exist s!'') meaning, t here is not hing wrong wit h me, but I am a Messenger from t he Lord of all t hat exist s, Lord and King of all t hings,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ダ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒ヤ⇒∠シケ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ピ⊥ あヤよ∠ ぺ⊥ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ("I convey unt o you t he Messages of my Lord and give sincere advice t o you. And I know from Allah what you know not .'') This is t he at t ribut e of a Messenger, t hat he conveys using plain, yet eloquent words, offers sincere advice and is knowledgeable about Allah; indeed, no ot her people can compet e wit h t he Prophet s in t his regard. In his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t o his Companions on t he Day of ` Arafah, when t heir gat hering was as large as it ever was,

∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ヶあレハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱ⊥ぽ∇ジョ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠» «∨∠ラヲ⊥ヤも͡ ゅ∠ホ (O people! You will be asked about me, so what will you say) They said, "We t est ify t hat you have conveyed and delivered (t he Message) and offered sincere advice.'' So he kept raising his finger t o t he sky and lowering it t owards t hem, saying,

«ギ∠ヰ∇セや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∇ギヰ∠ ∇セや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» (O Allah! Bear wit ness, O Allah! Bear wit ness.)

モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∀ゲ∇ミ͡ク ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らイ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よグｚ ム∠ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ わ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥Βャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠レ∇ホゲ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨハ ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ べ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ (63. "Do you wonder t hat t here has come t o you a Reminder from your Lord t hrough a man from among you, t hat he may warn you, so t hat you may fear Allah and t hat you may receive (His) mercy'') (64. But t hey belied him, so We saved him and t hose along wit h him in t he Fulk, and We drowned t hose who belied Our Ayat . They were indeed a blind people.) Allah said t hat Nuh proclaimed t o his people,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇らイ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ("Do you wonder...''), do not wonder because of t his. Surely, it is not st range t hat Allah sends down revelat ion t o a man among you as mercy, kindness and compassion for you, so t hat he warns you t hat you may avoid Allah's t orment by associat ing none wit h Him,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ("and t hat you may receive (His) mercy.'') Allah said,

びロ⊥ ヲ⊥よグｚ ム∠ プ∠ ぴ (But t hey belied him) but t hey insist ed on rej ect ing and opposing him, and only a few of t hem believed in him, as Allah st at ed in anot her Ayah. Allah said next ,

びマ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ぴ (So We saved him and t hose along wit h him in t he Fulk) t he ark,

びべ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠レ∇ホ∠ゲ∇ビ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (And We drowned t hose who belied Our Ayat . ) Allah said in anot her Ayah,

∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ͡ ∇キほ⊥プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲ͡ ∇ビぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒ͡トカ ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ぴ び や⇔ケゅ∠ダル∠ぺ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠

(Because of t heir sins t hey were drowned, t hen t hey were admit t ed int o t he Fire. And t hey found none t o help t hem inst ead of Allah.) 71:25 Allah said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨハ ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (They were indeed a blind people.) meaning, blind from t he Trut h, unable t o recognize it or find t heir way t o it . Here, Allah said t hat He has t aken revenge from His enemies and saved His Messenger and t hose who believed in him, while dest roying t heir disbelieving enemies. Allah said in a anot her Ayah,

びゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠レャ∠ ゅｚル͡まぴ (Verily, We will indeed make vict orious Our Messengers) 40:51 . This is Allah's Sunnah (way) wit h His servant s, in t his life and t he Hereaft er, t hat t he good end, vict ory and t riumph is for t hose who fear Him. For example, Allah dest royed t he people of Nuh, and saved Nuh and his believing followers. Ibn Wahb said t hat he was t old t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat eight y men were saved wit h Nuh in t he ship, one of t hem was Jurhum, who spoke Arabic. Ibn Abi Hat im collect ed t his st at ement , which was also narrat ed wit h a cont inuous chain of narrat ion from Ibn ` Abbas.

ゅ∠ョ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や⇔キヲ⊥ワ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ キ∃ ゅ∠ハ ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ζ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ レぁ ヌ ⊥ レ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ͡ る∃ ワ∠ ゅ∠ヘシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ポ ∠ や∠ゲレ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ヴあレム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∀る∠ワゅ∠ヘ∠シ ヴ͡よ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ⇒∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ∠リΒ͡よ͡グ⇒∠ム∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴあよケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒ヤ⇒∠シケ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ピ⊥ あヤよ∠ ぺ⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケｚ リあョ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∀ゲ∇ミ͡ク ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らイ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ - ∀リΒ͡ョぺ∠ ∀ウ͡タゅ∠ル ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇クま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ クや∠ヱ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥Βャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ キ∠ や∠コヱ∠ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠ヘヤ∠カ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ￢∠ Γや∠￢ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プ る⇔ ト ∠ ∇ジよ∠ ペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや (65. And t o ` Ad (t he people, We sent ) t heir brot her Hud. He said: "O my people! Worship Allah! You have no ot her god but Him. Will you t hen not have Taqwa'') (66. The leaders of t hose who

disbelieved among his people said: "Verily, we see you in foolishness, and verily, we t hink you are one of t he liars.'') (67. (Hud) said: "O my people! There is no foolishness in me, but (I am) a Messenger from t he Lord of all t hat exist s!) (68. "I convey unt o you t he Messages of my Lord, and I am a t rust wort hy adviser (or well-wisher) for you.) (69. "Do you wonder t hat t here has come t o you a Reminder (and an advice) from your Lord t hrough a man from among you t o warn you And remember t hat He made you successors (generat ions aft er generat ions) aft er t he people of Nuh and increased you amply in st at ure. So remember t he graces (best owed upon you) from Allah so t hat you may be successful.'')

The Story of Hud, Peace be upon Him, and the Lineage of the People of ` Ad Allah says, j ust as We sent Nuh t o his people, similarly, t o t he ` Ad people, We sent Hud one of t heir own bret hren. Muhammad bin Ishaq said t hat t he t ribe of ` Ad were t he descendant s of ` Ad, son of Iram, son of ` Aws, son of Sam, son of Nuh. I say, t hese are indeed t he ancient people of ` Ad whom Allah ment ioned, t he children of ` Ad, son of Iram who were living in t he desert s wit h loft y pillars or st at ues. Allah said,

- キ͡ ゅ∠ヨバ͡ ∇ャや れ ͡ や∠ク ュ∠ ケ∠ ま͡ - ∃キゅ∠バ͡よ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び ͡ギ⇒∠ヤ͡ら∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇んョ͡ ∇ペヤ∠∇ガΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや (Have you not seen how your Lord dealt wit h ` Ad (people). Of Iram like (loft y) pillars. The like of which were not creat ed in t he land) 89:6-8 because of t heir might and st rengt h. Allah said in anot her inst ance,

ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∀キゅ∠ハ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ ン͡グャｚや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ り⇔ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ゅｚレ͡ョ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∠エ∇イ∠Α ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ り⇔ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ び (As for ` Ad, t hey were arrogant in t he land wit hout right , and t hey said: "Who is might ier t han us in st rengt h'' See t hey not t hat Allah Who creat ed t hem was might ier in st rengt h t han t hem. And t hey used t o deny Our Ayat !) 41:15 .

The Land of ` Ad The people of ` Ad lived in Yemen, in t he area of Ahqaf, which means sand mounds. Muhammad bin Ishaq narrat ed t hat Abu At -Tufayl ` Amir bin Wat hilah said t hat he heard ` Ali (bin Abi Talib) saying t o a man from Hadramawt (in Yemen), "Have you seen a red sand mound, where t here are a lot of Arak and Lot e t rees in t he area of so-and-so in Hadramawt Have you seen it '' He said, "Yes, O Commander of t he fait hful! By Allah, you described it as if you have seen it

before.'' ` Ali said, ` I have not seen it , but it was described t o me.'' The man asked, "What about it , O Commander of t he fait hful'' ` Ali said, "There is t he grave of Hud, peace be upon him, in it s vicinit y.'' Ibn Jarir recorded t his st at ement , which gives t he benefit of indicat ing t hat ` Ad used t o live in Yemen, since Prophet Hud was buried t here. Prophet Hud was among t he noble men and chiefs of ` Ad, for Allah chose t he Messengers from among t he best , most honorable families and t ribes. Hud's people were might y and st rong, but t heir heart s were might y and hard, for t hey were among t he most denying of Trut h among t he nat ions. Prophet Hud called ` Ad t o worship Allah alone wit hout part ners, and t o obey and fear Him.

Debate between Hud and his People

びヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ζ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (The leaders of t hose who disbelieved among his people said...) meaning, t he general public, chiefs, mast ers and commanders of his people said,

びリ ∠ Β͡よグ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ レぁヌ ⊥ レ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ͡ る∃ ワ∠ ゅ∠ヘシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ポ ∠ や∠ゲレ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚル͡まぴ ("Verily, we see you in foolishness, and verily, we t hink you are one of t he liars'') meaning, you are misguided because you call us t o abandon worshipping t he idols in order t o worship Allah Alone. Similarly, t he chiefs of Quraysh wondered at t he call t o worship One God, saying,

びや⇔ギ͡ェヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ る∠ ヰ∠ ャ͡Ι ｘやモ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ("Has he (Muhammad) made t he gods (all) int o One God'') 38:5 .

リあョ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ヴあレム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∀る∠ワゅ∠ヘ∠シ ヴ͡よ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ⇒∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケｚ ((Hud) said: "O my people! There is no foolishness in me, but (I am) a Messenger from t he Lord of all t hat exist s!'') Hud said, I am not as you claim. Rat her, I brought you t he Trut h from Allah, Who creat ed everyt hing, and He is t he Lord and King of all t hings,

び ∀リΒ͡ョぺ∠ ∀ウ͡タゅ∠ル ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒ヤ⇒∠シケ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ピ⊥ あヤよ∠ ぺ⊥ぴ ("I convey unt o you t he Messages of my Lord, and I am a t rust wort hy adviser for you. '') These, indeed, are t he qualit ies of t he Prophet s: conveying, sincerit y and honest y,

モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∀ゲ∇ミ͡ク ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らイ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥Βャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ("Do you wonder t hat t here has come t o you a Reminder from your Lord t hrough a man from among you t o warn you'') Prophet Hud said, do not wonder because Allah sent a Messenger t o you from among yourselves t o warn you about Allah's Days (His t orment ) and meet ing wit h Him. Rat her t han wondering, you should t hank Allah for t his bount y.

びゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠ヘヤ∠カ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇クま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ クや∠ヱぴ ("And remember t hat He made you successors (generat ions aft er generat ions) aft er t he people of Nuh...'') meaning, remember Allah's favor on you in t hat He made you among t he offspring of Nuh, because of whose supplicat ion Allah dest royed t he people of t he eart h aft er t hey defied and opposed him.

びる⇔ ト ∠ ∇ジよ∠ ペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ キ∠ や∠コヱ∠ ぴ ("and increased you amply in st at ure.'') making you t aller t han ot her people. Similarly, Allah said in t he descript ion of Talut (Saul),

びユ͡ ∇ジイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ る⇔ ト ∠ ∇ジよ∠ ロ⊥ キ∠ や∠コヱ∠ ぴ (And has increased him abundant ly in knowledge and st at ure.) 2:247 Hud cont inued,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ￢∠ Γや∠￢ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プぴ ("So remember t he graces (best owed upon you) from Allah. '') in reference t o Allah's favors and blessings

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ ("so t hat you may be successful.'')

ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ケ∠ グ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇バレ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ -リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま べ∠ルギ⊥ バ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ∠レ͡ゎ∇ほ∠プ ゅ∠ルぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや∠￢

ょ ∀ ツ ∠ ビ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ザ∇ィケ͡ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ ユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ノ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ギホ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ぼべ∠よや∠￢ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ワヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βｚヨシ ∠ ￢∃ べ∠ヨ∇シぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ヶ͡レル∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ⇒∠イゎ⊥ ぺ∠ ユ⊥ムバ∠ ョ∠ ヴあルま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ ルゅ∠プ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ゅｚョ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ∠ よ͡ や∠キ ゅ∠レ∇バト ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚレョあ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ (70. They said: "You have come t o us t hat we should worship Allah Alone and forsake t hat which our fat hers used t o worship. So bring us t hat wherewit h you have t hreat ened us if you are of t he t rut hful.'') (71. (Hud) said: "Rij s (t orment ) and wrat h have already fallen on you from your Lord. Disput e you wit h me over names which you have named -- you and your fat hers -wit h no aut horit y from Allah Then wait , I am wit h you among t hose who wait .'') (72. So We saved him and t hose who were wit h him out of mercy from Us, and We severed t he root s of t hose who belied Our Ayat ; and t hey were not believers.)

Allah mentions the rebellion, defiance and stubbornness of Hud's people, and their opposition to him, peace be upon him,

びロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇バレ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "You have come t o us t hat we should worship Allah Alone'') Lat er on, t he disbelievers of Quraysh said,

ポ ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ∇もや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠イェ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ゲト ͡ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ び ユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ (And (remember) when t hey said: "O Allah! If t his (t he Qur'an) is indeed t he t rut h (revealed) from You, t hen rain down st ones on us from t he sky or bring on us a painful t orment .'') Muhammad bin Ishaq said t hat t he people of Hud used t o worship several idols, such as Suda', Samud and Al-Haba'. This is why Hud, peace be upon him, said t o t hem,

びょ ∀ ツ ∠ ビ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ザ∇ィ͡ケ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ ユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ノ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ ("Rij s and wrat h have already fallen on you from your Lord.'') you deserve ` Rij s' from your Lord because of what you said. Ibn ` Abbas said t hat , ` Rij s', means scorn and anger.

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ

べ∠ワヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βｚヨシ ∠

￢∃ べ∠ヨ∇シぺ∠

ヴ͡プ

ヶ͡レル∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ⇒∠イゎ⊥ ぺ∠ぴ びユ⊥ ミ⊥ ぼべ∠よや∠￢ヱ∠

("Disput e you wit h me over names which you have named -- you and your fat hers'') 7:71 . Hud said, do you disput e wit h me over t hese idols t hat you and your fat hers made gods, even t hough t hey do not bring harm or benefit ; did Allah give you aut horit y or proof allowing you t o worship t hem Hud furt her said,

ユ⊥ムバ∠ ョ∠ ヴあルま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ ルゅ∠プ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ゅｚョぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ("wit h no aut horit y from Allah Then wait , I am wit h you among t hose who wait .'') t his is a t hreat and warning from t he Messenger t o his people.

The End of ` Ad So Allah said;

ゲ∠ よ͡ や∠キ ゅ∠レ∇バト ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚレョあ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや (So We saved him and t hose who were wit h him out of mercy from Us, and We severed t he root s of t hose who belied Our Ayat ; and t hey were not believers.) Allah ment ioned several t imes in t he Qur'an, t he way t he people of ` Ad were dest royed st at ing t hat He sent a barren wind t hat dest royed everyt hing it passed by. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

- る∃ Β∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ハ ゲ∃ タ ∠ ∇ゲタ ∠ ウ ∃ Α͡ゲよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ワほ⊥∠プ ∀キゅ∠ハ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ジェ ⊥ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る∠ Β∠ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨを∠ ヱ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠Βャ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠

モ ∃ ∇ガル∠ コ⊥ ゅ∠イ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ヴ∠ハ∇ゲタ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン∠ゲわ∠ プ∠ び る∃ Β∠ ホ͡ ゅ∠よ リあョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ - る∃ Α∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠カ (And as for ` Ad, t hey were dest royed by a furious violent wind! They were subj ect ed t o it for seven night s and eight days in succession, so t hat you could see men lying overt hrown (dest royed), as if t hey were hollow t runks of dat e palms! Do you see any remnant s of t hem) 69:6-8 When ` Ad rebelled and t ransgressed, Allah dest royed t hem wit h a st rong wind t hat carried t hem, one by one, up in t he air and brought each one of t hem down on his head, t hus smashing his head and severing it from it s body. This is why Allah said,

びる∃ Α∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠カ モ ∃ ∇ガル∠ コ⊥ ゅ∠イ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ぴ (as if t hey were hollow t runks of dat e palms!) 69:7 Muhammad bin Ishaq said t hat ` Ad used t o live in Yemen bet ween Oman and Hadramawt . They also spread t hroughout t he land and defeat ed various peoples, because of t he st rengt h t hat Allah gave t hem. They used t o worship idols inst ead of Allah, and Allah sent t o t hem Prophet Hud, peace be upon him. He was from t heir most common lineage and was t he best among t hem in st at us. Hud commanded t hem t o worship Allah Alone and associat e none wit h him. He also ordered t hem t o st op commit t ing inj ust ice against t he people. But t hey rej ect ed him and ignored his call. They said, ` Who is st ronger t han us' Some of t hem, however, followed Hud, alt hough t hey were few and had t o conceal t heir fait h. When ` Ad defied t he command of Allah, rej ect ed His Prophet , commit t ed mischief in t he eart h, became arrogant and built high palaces on every high place -- wit hout real benefit t o t hem -- Hud spoke t o t hem, saying,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥んら∠ ∇バゎ∠ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ノ∃ Α͡ケ あモム⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レ∇らゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゼト ∠ よ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ⊥∇ガゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ノ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ダョ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ͡ ヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ リ ∠ Α͡ケゅｚらィ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゼト ∠ よ∠ ("Do you build high palaces on every high place, while you do not live in t hem And do you get for yourselves palaces (fine buildings) as if you will live t herein forever. And when you seize (somebody), seize you (him) as t yrant s Have Taqwa of Allah, and obey me.'') 26:128-131 However,

ヴ͡ミケ͡ ゅ∠わ͡よ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ る∃ レ∠ Βあ ら∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ゅ∠ョ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボルｚ ラ͡ま リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ リ∠ハ ゅ∠レわ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡や￢ び￢∃ ヲ⊥ジよ͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ヂ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ポ ∠ や∠ゲわ∠ ∇ハや Ι ｚ ま͡ (They said: "O Hud! No evidence have you brought us, and we shall not leave our gods for your (mere) saying! And we are not believers in you. All t hat we say is t hat some of our gods have seized you wit h evil.'') meaning, madness,

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ￢∃ ヲ⊥ジよ͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ヂ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ポ ∠ や∠ゲわ∠ ∇ハや Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボルｚ ラ͡まぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ヴあルぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇セぺ⊥ ヴあルま͡ ヴあルま͡ - ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ レ⊥ゎ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥ギΒム͡ プ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ び ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰわ͡ Β∠ タ ͡ ゅ∠レよ͡ ∀グ͡カや￢ (He said: "I call Allah t o wit ness, and bear you wit ness t hat I am free from t hat which you associat e wit h Him. So plot against me, all of you, and give me no respit e. I put my t rust in Allah, my Lord and your Lord! There is not a moving creat ure but He has t he grasp of it s forelock. Verily, my Lord is on t he st raight pat h (t he t rut h).'') 11:53-56 .''

Story of the Emissary of ` Ad Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Al-Harit h Al-Bakri said: "I went t o t he Messenger of Allah t o complain t o him about Al-` Ala bin Al-Hadrami. When I passed by t he area of Ar-Rabdhah, I found an old woman from Bani Tamim who was alone in t hat area. She said t o me, "O servant of Allah! I need t o reach t he Messenger of Allah t o ask him for some of my needs, will you t ake me t o him'' So I t ook her along wit h me t o Al-Madinah and found t he Masj id full of people. I also found a black flag raised high, while Bilal was holding a sword before t he Messenger of Allah . I asked, "What is t he mat t er wit h t he people'' They said, "The Prophet int ends t o send ` Amr bin Al-` As (on a milit ary expedit ion) somewhere.'' So I sat down. When t he Prophet went t o his house, I asked for permission t o see him, and he gave me permission. I ent ered and greet ed him. He said, "Was t here a disput e bet ween you and Bani Tamim'' I said, "Yes. And we had been vict orious over t hem. I passed by an old woman from Bani Tamim, who was alone, and she asked me t o bring her t o you, and she is at t he door''. So he allowed her in and I said, "O Allah's Messenger! What if you make a barrier bet ween us and (t he t ribe of) Bani Tamim, such as AdDahna' (Desert )'' The old woman became angry and opposed me. So I said, "My example is t he example of a sheep t hat carried it s own dest ruct ion. I carried t his woman and did not know

t hat she was an opponent . I seek refuge wit h Allah and His Messenger t hat I become like t he emissary of ` Ad.' So t he Prophet asked me about t he emissary of ` Ad, having bet t er knowledge in it , but he liked t o hear t he st ory again. I said, "Once, ` Ad suffered from a famine and t hey sent an emissary t o get relief , whose name was Qayl. Qayl passed by Mu` awiyah bin Bakr and st ayed wit h him for a mont h. Mu` awiyah supplied him wit h alcoholic drinks, and t wo female singers were singing for him. When a mont h ended, Qayl went t o t he mount ains of Muhrah and said, ` O Allah! You know t hat I did not come here t o cure an ill person or t o ransom a prisoner. O Allah! Give ` Ad wat er as You used t o.' So black clouds came and he was called, ` Choose which one of t hem you wish (t o go t o ` Ad)!' So he point ed t o one of t he black clouds and he heard someone proclaiming from it , ` Take it , as ashes t hat will leave none in ` Ad.' And it has been conveyed t o me t hat t he wind sent t o t hem was no more t han what would pass t hrough t his ring of mine, but it dest royed t hem.'' Abu Wa'il said, "That is t rue. When a man or a woman would send an emissary, t hey would t ell him, ` Do not be like t he emissary of ` Ad (bringing disast er and ut t er dest ruct ion t o t hem inst ead of relief).,'' Imam Ahmad collect ed t his st ory in t he Musnad. At -Tirmidhi recorded similar wording for it , as did An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah.

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ⇒∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔エヤ͡⇒∠タ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ る∀ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ ユ⊥ム∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∃ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ∇リョあ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ゅ∠ョ チ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇モミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥ケグ∠ プ∠ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る⊥ ホ∠ ゅ∠ル ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ - ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユミ⊥ グ∠ カ ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ￢∃ ヲ⊥ジよ͡ ゅ∠ワヲぁジヨ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ∇ユミ⊥ ぺ∠ヲｚ よ∠ ヱ∠ キ∃ ゅ∠ハ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠ヘヤ∠カ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇クま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱ や⇔ケヲ⊥ダホ⊥ ゅ∠ヰャ͡ヲ⊥ヰシ ⊥ リ͡ョ ∠ラヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ チ ͡ ∇ケΕ ∠ や ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ￢∠ Γや∠￢ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プ ゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥Βよ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わエ ͡ ∇レゎ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ζ∠ヨ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘョ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇や∇ヲん∠ ∇バゎ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツわ⊥ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∀モ∠シ∇ゲョぁ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ べ∠ヨよ͡ ゅｚル͡ま る∠ ホ∠ ゅｚレャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲボ∠ バ∠ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ョや∠￢ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よ ゅｚル͡ま ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ゅ∠レわ͡ ∇もや ウ ⊥ ⇒∠タゅ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ∇や∇ヲわ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠

る⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ィｚゲャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま べ∠ルギ⊥ バ͡ ゎ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨん͡ ⇒∠ィ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ や∠キ ヶ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ (73. And t o Thamud (people, We sent ) t heir brot her Salih. He said: "O my people! Worship Allah! You have no ot her god but Him. Indeed t here has come t o you a clear sign from your Lord. This she-camel of Allah is a sign unt o you; so you leave her t o graze in Allah's eart h, and t ouch her not wit h harm, lest a painful t orment should seize you.) (74. And remember when He made you successors (generat ions) aft er ` Ad and gave you habit at ions in t he land, you build for yourselves palaces in plains, and carve out homes in t he mount ains. So remember t he graces (best owed upon you) from Allah, and do not go about making mischief on t he eart h.) (75. The leaders of t hose who were arrogant among his people said t o t hose who were count ed weak -t o such of t hem as believed: "Know you t hat Salih is one sent from his Lord.'' They said: "We indeed believe in t hat wit h which he has been sent .'') (76. Those who were arrogant said: "Verily, we disbelieve in t hat which you believe in.'') (77. So t hey killed t he she-camel and insolent ly defied t he commandment of t heir Lord, and said: "O Salih! Bring about your t hreat s if you are indeed one of t he Messengers (of Allah).'') (78. So t he eart hquake seized t hem, and t hey lay (dead), prost rat e in t heir homes.)

Thamud: Their Land and Their Lineage Scholars of Tafsir and genealogy say t hat (t he t ribe of Thamud descended from) Thamud bin ` At hir bin Iram bin Sam bin Nuh, and he is brot her of Jadis son of ` At hir, similarly t he t ribe of Tasm, and t hey were from t he ancient Arabs, Al-` Aribah, before t he t ime of Ibrahim, Thamud came aft er ` Ad. They dwelled bet ween t he area of t he Hij az (West ern Arabia) and Ash-Sham (Great er Syria). The Messenger of Allah passed by t he area and ruins of Thamud when he went t o Tabuk (in nort hern Arabia) during t he nint h year of Hij rah. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said, "When t he Messenger of Allah went t o t he area of Al-Hij r in Tabuk wit h t he people, he camped near t he homes of Thamud, in Al-Hij r and t he people brought wat er from t he wells t hat Thamud used before. They used t hat wat er t o make dough and placed t he pot s (on fire) for cooking. However, t he Prophet commanded t hem t o spill t he cont ent s of t he pot s and t o give t he dough t o t heir camels. He t hen marched fort h wit h t hem from t hat area t o anot her area, near t he well t hat t he camel (as will follow) used t o drink from. He forbade t he Companions from ent ering t he area where people were t orment ed, saying,

ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ら∠ Β͡ダΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ∠ゼ∇カぺ∠ ヶあルま͡» «ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ (I fear t hat what befell t hem might befall you as well. Therefore, do not ent er on t hem.)'' Ahmad narrat ed t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said while in t he Hij r area,

やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ リ ∠ Β͡よグｚ バ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ￢͡ ゅ∠ャぽ⊥ ワ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ミゅ∠よ やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ミゅ∠よ «ユ⊥ヰよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ら∠ Β͡ダΑ⊥ (Do not ent er on t hese who were t orment ed, unless you do so while crying. If you are not crying, t hen do not ent er on t hem, so t hat what befell t hem does not befall you, as well.) The basis of t his Hadit h is ment ioned in Two Sahihs.

The Story of Prophet Salih and Thamud Allah said,

びキ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t o Thamud), meaning, t o t he t ribe of Thamud, We sent t heir brot her Salih,

びロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅョ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "O my people! Worship Allah! You have no ot her god but Him.'') All Allah's Messengers called t o t he worship of Allah alone wit hout part ners. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥ル Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ (And We did not send any Messenger before you but We revealed t o him (saying): "None has t he right t o be worshipped but I, so worship Me.'') 21:25 and,

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∠れヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚト∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ (And verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming): "Worship Allah (Alone), and avoid Taghut (all false deit ies)'') 16:36 .

Thamud asked that a Camel appear from a Stone, and it did Prophet Salih said,

∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る⊥ ホ∠ ゅ∠ル ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ る∀ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ ユ⊥ム∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ びる⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ("Indeed t here has come t o you a clear sign from your Lord. This she-camel of Allah is a sign unt o you;'') meaning, a miracle has come t o you from Allah t est ifying t o t he t rut h of what I came t o you wit h. Salih's people asked him t o produce a miracle and suggest ed a cert ain solid rock t hat t hey chose, which st ood lonely in t he area of Hij r, and which was called Al-Kat ibah. They asked him t o bring a pregnant camel out of t hat st one. Salih t ook t heir covenant and promises t hat if Allah answers t heir challenge, t hey would believe and follow him. When t hey gave him t heir oat hs and promises t o t hat , Salih st art ed praying and invoked Allah (t o produce t hat miracle). All of a sudden, t he st one moved and broke apart , producing a she-camel wit h t hick wool. It was pregnant and it s fet us was visibly moving in it s belly, exact ly as Salih's people asked. This is when t heir chief, Jundu` bin ` Amr, and several who followed him believed. The rest of t he noblemen of Thamud want ed t o believe as well, but Dhu'ab bin ` Amr bin Labid, Al-Habbab, who t ended t heir idols, and Rabbab bin Sum` ar bin Jilhis st opped t hem. One of t he cousins of Jundu` bin ` Amr, whose name was Shihab bin Khalifah bin Mikhlat bin Labid bin Jawwas, was one of t he leaders of Thamud, and he also want ed t o accept t he message. However, t he chiefs whom we ment ioned prevent ed him, and he conceded t o t heir prompt ings. The camel remained in Thamud, as well as, it s offspring aft er she delivered it before t hem. The camel used t o drink from it s well on one day and leave t he well for Thamud t he next day. They also used t o drink it s milk, for on t he days she drank wat er, t hey used t o milk her and fill t heir cont ainers from it s milk. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ゲ∀ ツ ∠ わ∠ ∇エョぁ ゆ ∃ ∇ゲセ ͡ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ジホ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゃらあ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び (And inform t hem t hat t he wat er is t o be shared bet ween (her and) t hem, each one's right t o drink being est ablished (by t urns)) 54:28 and,

びュ∃ ヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ⊥ ∇ゲセ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゆ∇ゲ͡セ ゅ∠ヰャｚ ∀る∠ホゅ∠ル ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワぴ (Here is a she-camel: it has a right t o drink (wat er), and you have a right t o drink (wat er) (each) on a day, known) 26:155 The camel used t o graze in some of t heir valleys, going t hrough a pass and coming out t hrough anot her pass. She did t hat so as t o be able t o move easily, because she used t o drink a lot of wat er. She was a t remendous animal t hat had a st rikingly beaut iful appearance. When she used t o pass by t heir cat t le, t he cat t le would be afraid of her. When t his mat t er cont inued for a long t ime and Thamud's rej ect ion of Salih became int ense, t hey int ended t o kill her so t hat t hey could t ake t he wat er for t hemselves every day. It was said t hat all of t hem (t he disbelievers of Thamud) conspired t o kill t he camel. Qat adah said t hat he was t old t hat , "The designat ed killer of t he camel approached t hem all,

including women in t heir rooms and children, and found out t hat all of t hem agreed t o kill her.'' This fact is apparent from t he wording of t he Ayat ,

∇ユヰ͡ ら͡ ル∠グよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ∠ ギ∇ョギ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥ゲボ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よグｚ ム∠ プ∠ ぴ び ゅ∠ワやｚヲジ ∠ プ∠ (Then t hey denied him and t hey killed it . So t heir Lord dest royed t hem because of t heir sin, and made t hem equal in dest ruct ion!) 91:14 , and,

びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ヌ ∠ プ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ダ ͡ ∇らョ⊥ る∠ ホ∠ ゅｚレャや キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢∠ヱぴ (And We sent t he she-camel t o Thamud as a clear sign, but t hey did her wrong.) 17:59 Allah said here,

びる∠ ホ∠ ゅｚレャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲボ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So t hey killed t he she-camel) Therefore, t hese Ayat st at ed t hat t he ent ire t ribe shared in agreeing t o t his crime, and Allah knows best .

Thamud kills the She-Camel Imam Abu Ja` far Ibn Jarir and ot her scholars of Tafsir said t hat t he reason behind killing t he camel was t hat a disbelieving old woman among t hem named Umm Ghanm ` Unayzah, t he daught er of Ghanm bin Mij laz, had t he severest enmit y among Thamud t owards Salih, peace be upon him. She had beaut iful daught ers and she was wealt hy, and Dhu'ab bin ` Amr, one of t he leaders of Thamud, was her husband. There was anot her noblewoman whose name was Saduf bint Al-Muhayya bin Dahr bin Al-Muhayya, who was of noble family, wealt hy and beaut iful. She was married t o a Muslim man from Thamud, but she left him. These t wo women offered a prize for t hose who swore t o t hem t hat t hey would kill t he camel. Once, Saduf summoned a man called Al-Habbab and offered herself t o him if he would kill t he camel, but he refused. So she called a cousin of hers whose name was Musaddi` bin Mihraj bin Al-Muhayya, and he agreed. As for ` Unayzah bint Ghanm, she called Qudar bin Salif bin Jundu` , a short person wit h red-blue skin, a bast ard, according t o t hem. Qudar was not t he son of his claimed fat her, Salif, but t he son of anot her man called, Suhyad. However, he was born on Salif's bed (and t hus named aft er him). ` Unayzah said t o Qudar, "I will give you any of my daught ers you wish, if you kill t he camel.'' Qudar bin Salif and Musaddi` bin Mihraj went along and recruit ed several mischievous persons from Thamud t o kill t he camel. Seven more from Thamud agreed, and t he group became nine, as Allah described, when He said,

ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘΑ⊥ テ ∃ ∇ワケ∠ る⊥ バ∠ ∇ジゎ͡ る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ダΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや (And t here were in t he cit y nine men, who made mischief in t he land, and would not reform.) These nine men were chiefs of t heir people, and t hey lured t he ent ire t ribe int o agreeing t o kill t he camel. So t hey wait ed unt il t he camel left t he wat er well, where Qudar wait ed beside a rock on it s pat h, while Musaddi` wait ed at anot her rock. When t he camel passed by Musaddi` he shot an arrow at her and t he arrow pierced her leg. At t hat t ime, ` Unayzah came out and ordered her daught er, who was among t he most beaut iful women, t o uncover her face for Qudar, encouraging Qudar t o swing his sword, hit t ing t he camel on her knee. So she fell t o t he ground and screamed once t o warn her offspring. Qudar st abbed her in her neck and slaught ered her. Her offspring went up a high rock and screamed. ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded from Ma` mar t hat someone report ed from Al-Hasan Al-Basari t hat t he offspring said, "O my Lord! Where is my mot her'' It was said t hat her offspring screamed t hrice and ent ered a rock and vanished in it , or, t hey followed it and killed it t oget her wit h it s mot her. Allah knows best . When t hey finished t he camel off and t he news reached Prophet Salih, he came t o t hem while t hey were gat hered. When he saw t he camel, he cried and proclaimed,

びュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る∠ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ や∠キ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ ぴ ("Enj oy yourselves in your homes for t hree days.'') 11:65

The Wicked Ones Plot to Kill Prophet Salih, But the Torment descended on Them The nine wicked persons killed t he camel on a Wednesday, and t hat night , t hey conspired t o kill Salih. They said, "If he is t rut hful, we should finish him before we are finished. If he is a liar, we will make him follow his camel.''

ヮ͡ Βあャ͡ヲ∠ ャ͡ リ ｚ ャ∠ヲ⊥ボレ∠ ャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レｚ わ∠ Βあ ら∠ レ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨシ ∠ ゅ∠ボゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ ∇やヱ⊥ゲム∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホギ͡ ⇒∠ダャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰョ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギヰ͡ セ ∠ ゅ∠ョ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ムョ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲム∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ムョ∠ (They said: "Swear one t o anot her by Allah t hat we shall make a secret night at t ack on him and his household, and t hereaft er we will surely say t o his near relat ives: ` We wit nessed not t he dest ruct ion of his household, and verily, we are t elling t he t rut h.''' So t hey plot t ed a plot , and We planned a plan, while t hey perceived not .) 27:49-50 When t hey conspired t o kill Salih and gat hered at night t o carry out t heir plot , Allah, t o Whom belongs all might and Who prot ect s His Messengers, rained down st ones t hat smashed t he heads of t hese nine people before t he

rest of t he t ribe. On Thursday, t he first of t he t hree days of respit e, t he people woke up and t heir faces were pale (yellow), j ust as Prophet Salih had promised t hem. On t he second day of respit e, Friday, t hey woke up and found t heir faces had t urned red. On t he t hird day of t he respit e, Sat urday, t hey woke up wit h t heir faces black. On Sunday, t hey wore t he fragrance of Hanut t he perfume for enshrouding t he dead before burial and await ed Allah's t orment and revenge, we seek refuge wit h Allah from it . They did not know what will be done t o t hem or how and from where t he t orment would come. When t he sun rose, t he Sayhah (loud cry) came from t he sky and a severe t remor overt ook t hem from below; t he souls were capt ured and t he bodies became lifeless, all in an hour.

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨん͡ ⇒∠ィ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ や∠キ ヶ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ぴ (And t hey lay (dead), prost rat e in t heir homes.) They became dead and lifeless and none among t hem, whet her young, old, male or female, escaped t he t orment . The scholars of Tafsir said t hat none from t he offspring of Thamud remained, except Prophet Salih and t hose who believed in him. A disbelieving man called Abu Righal was in t he Sacred Area at t he t ime and t he t orment t hat befell his people did not t ouch him. When he went out of t he Sacred Area one day, a st one fell from t he sky and killed him. ` Abdur-Razzaq narrat ed t hat Ma` mar said t hat Isma` il bin Umayyah said t hat t he Prophet passed by t he gravesit e of Abu Righal and asked t he Companions if t hey knew whose grave it was. They said, "Allah and His Messenger know bet t er.'' He said,

«∨や∠グワ∠ ∇リョ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケ∇ギゎ∠ ぺ∠» ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠ビケ͡ ヶ͡よぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇らホ∠ や∠グワ∠ » ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∩͡ぶや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ュ⊥ ゲ∠ ェ ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ レ∠ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぶ ͡ や ュ͡ ゲ∠ ェ ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ リ ∠ プ͡ キ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レワ⊥ ゅ∠ワ リ ∠ プ͡ ギ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ョヲ∠ホ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠Β∇シほ∠よ͡ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ケギ∠ わ∠ ∇よゅ∠プ ュ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ∩∃ょワ∠ ク∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀リ∇ダビ ⊥ «リ∇ダピ⊥ ∇ャや やヲ⊥ィゲ∠ ∇ガわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ やヲ⊥んエ ∠ ら∠ プ∠ (This is t he grave of Abu Righal, a man from Thamud. He was in t he Sacred Area of Allah and t his fact saved him from receiving Allah's t orment . When he went out of t he Sacred Area, what befell his people also befell him. He was buried here along wit h a branch made from gold.) So t he people used t heir swords and looked for t he golden branch and found it . ` Abdur-Razzaq narrat ed t hat Ma` mar said t hat Az-Zuhri said t hat Abu Righal is t he fat her of t he t ribe of Thaqif.

ヴあよケ∠ る∠ ャ∠ゅ∠シケ͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ピヤ∠∇よぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ⇒∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴｚャヲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡エダ ͡ ⇒ｚレャや ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ｚ リ͡ムャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇エダ ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ (79. Then he Salih t urned from t hem, and said: "O my people! I have indeed conveyed t o you t he Message of my Lord, and have given you good advice, but you like not good advisers.'') These are t he words of admonishment t hat Salih conveyed t o his people aft er Allah dest royed t hem for defying Him, rebelling against Him, refusing t o accept t he t rut h, avoiding guidance, and preferring misguidance inst ead. Salih said t hese words of admonishment and crit icism t o t hem aft er t hey perished, and t hey heard him (as a miracle for Prophet Salih from Allah). Similarly, it is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat aft er t he Messenger of Allah defeat ed t he disbelievers in t he bat t le of Badr, he remained in t hat area for t hree days, and t hen rode his camel, which was prepared for him during t he lat t er part of t he night . He went on unt il he st ood by t he well of Badr (where t he corpses of t he disbelievers were t hrown) and said,

る∠ ら∠ ∇Βセ ∠ ゅ∠Α る∠ バ∠ Βよ͡ ケ∠ リ ∠ ∇よ る∠ ら∠ ∇わハ ⊥ ゅ∠Α ュ∃ ゅ∠ゼワ͡ リ ∠ ∇よ モ ͡ ∇ヰィ ∠ ゅ∠よ∠ぺ ゅ∠Α» ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇モワ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ヤプ⊥ リ ∠ ∇よ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ゅ∠Α∠ヱ る∠ バ∠ Β͡よケ∠ リ ∠ ∇よ «ゅ６ボェ ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ヶ͡ルギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ れ ⊥ ∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヶあルみ͡プ∠ ∨∩ゅ６ボェ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ (O Abu Jahl bin Hisham! O ` Ut bah bin Rabi` ah! O Shaybah bin Rabi` ah! Did you find what your Lord has promised you (of t orment ) t o be t rue, for I found what my Lord promised me (of vict ory) t o be t rue.) ` Umar said t o him, "O Allah's Messenger! Why do you speak t o a people who have rot t ed'' He said,

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ ゅヨ∠ ャ͡ ノ∠ ヨ∠ ∇シほ∠よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» «ラヲ⊥らΒ͡イΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ (By He in Whose Hand is my soul! You do not hear what I am saying bet t er t han t hey, but t hey cannot reply.) Similarly, Prophet Salih, peace be upon him, said t o his people,

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇エダ ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ヴよあ ケ∠ る∠ ャ∠ゅ∠シケ͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ピヤ∠∇よぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ ("I have indeed conveyed t o you t he Message of my Lord, and have given you good advice,'') but you did not benefit from it because you do not like t he Trut h and do not follow t hose who give you sincere advice,

びリ ∠ Β͡エダ ͡ ⇒ｚレャや ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ｚ リ͡ムャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

("but you like not good advisers.'')

∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ る∠ ゼ ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ ゅ⇔デヲ⊥ャヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや リあョ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇モよ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ り⇔ ヲ∠ ∇ヰセ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ィゲあ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほわ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇ジョぁ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ (80. And (remember) Lut , when he said t o his people: "Do you commit lewdness such as none preceding you has commit t ed in all of t he nat ions) (81. "Verily, you pract ice your lust s on men inst ead of women. Nay, but you are a people t ransgressing beyond bounds.'')

The Story of Prophet Lut, upon Him be Peace, and His People Allah said, We sent ,

びヱ∠ ぴ (And)

びヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ゅ⇔デヲ⊥ャぴ (Lut , when he said t o his people..) Lut (Lot ) is t he son of Haran t he son of Azar (Terah), and he was t he nephew of Ibrahim, peace be upon t hem bot h. Lut had believed in Ibrahim and migrat ed wit h him t o t he Sham area. Allah t hen sent Lut t o t he people of Sadum (Sodom) and t he surrounding villages, t o call t hem t o Allah, enj oin right eousness and forbid t hem from t heir evil pract ices, t heir sin, and wickedness. It t his area, t hey did t hings t hat none of t he children of Adam or any ot her creat ures ever did before t hem. They used t o have sexual int ercourse wit h males inst ead of females. This evil pract ice was not known among t he Children of Adam before, nor did it even cross t heir minds, so t hey were unfamiliar wit h it before t he people of Sodom invent ed it , may Allah's curse be on t hem. ` Amr bin Dinar conment ed on;

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや リあョ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ ("...as none preceding you has commit t ed in all of t he nat ions.'') "Never before t he people of Lut did a male have sex wit h anot her male.'' This is why Lut said t o t hem,

リあョ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ る∠ ゼ ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや び￢べ∠ジレ∂ャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ∂ョ り⇔ ヲ∠ ∇ヰセ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ィゲ∂ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほわ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ("Do you commit lewdness such as none preceding you has commit t ed in all of t he nat ions Verily, you pract ice your lust s on men inst ead of women.'') meaning, you left women whom Allah creat ed for you and inst ead had sex wit h men Indeed, t his behavior is evil and ignorant because you have placed t hings in t heir improper places. Lut , peace be upon him, said t o t hem:

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤバ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ラ͡ま ヴ͡ゎゅ∠レよ∠ ￢͡ Γ⊥ぽ⇒∠ワぴ ("t hese (t he girls of t he nat ion) are my daught ers (t o marry lawfully), if you must act (so).'') 15:71 So he reminded t hem of t heir women, and t hey replied t hat t hey do not desire women!,

マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ペ ｙェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゅ∠ョ ろ ∠ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ び ギ⊥ Α͡ゲル⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バわ∠ ャ∠ (They said: "Surely, you know t hat we have neit her any desire nor need of your daught ers, and indeed you know well what we want !'' ) 11:79 meaning, you know t hat we have no desire for women and you know what we desire wit h your guest s.

ユ⊥ワヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ま͡ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠ヲィ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヰｚ ト ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∀サゅ∠ルぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ (82. And t he answer of his people was only t hat t hey said: "Drive t hem out of your t own, t hese are indeed men who want t o be pure (from sins)!'') So t hey answered Prophet Lut by t rying t o expel and banish him from t heir village, along wit h t hose who believed wit h him. Allah indeed removed Prophet Lut safely from among t hem, and He dest royed t hem in t heir land in disgrace and humiliat ion. They said (about Lut and t he believers):

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヰｚ ト ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∀サゅ∠ルぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ

("These are indeed men who want t o be pure (from sins)!'') Qat adah comment ed, "They shamed t hem (Lut and t he believers) wit h what is not a shame at all.'' Muj ahid comment ed, "(Lut 's people said about Lut and t he believers,) They are a people who want t o be pure from men's anuses and women's anuses!'' Similar was narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas.

- ∠リΑ͡ゲ͡ら⇒∠ピ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ぴ る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルゅ∠プ や⇔ゲ∠トョｚ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲト ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや (83. Then We saved him and his family, except his wife; she was of t he Ghabirin (t hose who lagged behind).) (84. And We rained down on t hem a rain (of st ones). Then see what was t he end of t he criminals.)

Allah says, We saved Lut and his family, for only his household believed in him. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ゅ∠ヨプ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カほ∠プ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ろ ∃ ∇Βよ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ (So We brought out from t herein t he believers. But We found not t here any household of t he Muslims except one of Lut and his daught ers ) 51: 35-36 . Only his wife (from his family) did not believe, remaining on t he religion of her people. She used t o conspire wit h t hem against Lut and inform t hem of who came t o visit him, using cert ain signals t hat t hey agreed on. This is why when Lut was commanded t o leave by night wit h his family, he was ordered not t o inform his wife or t ake her wit h him. Some said t hat she followed t hem, and when t he t orment st ruck her people, she looked back and suffered t he same punishment as t hem. However, it appears t hat she did not leave t he t own and t hat Lut did not t ell her t hat t hey would depart . So she remained wit h her people, as apparent from Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒∠ピ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except his wife; she was of t he Ghabirin) meaning, of t hose who remained, or t hey say: of t hose who were dest royed, and t his is t he more obvious explanat ion. Allah's st at ement ,

びや⇔ゲ∠トョｚ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲ∠ト∇ョ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (And We rained down on t hem a rain) is explained by His ot her st at ement ,

びキ∃ ヲ⊥ツ∇レョｚ モ ∃ Βあイシ ͡ リあョ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠イェ ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲ∠ト∇ョ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ び-ギ∃ Β͡バら∠ よ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ よ∂ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ る⇔ ョ∠ ヲｚ ジ ∠ ョぁ (And rained on t hem st ones of baked clay, in a well-arranged manner one aft er anot her. Marked from your Lord; and t hey are not ever far from t he wrongdoers.) 11:82-83 . Allah said here,

びリ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルゅ∠プぴ (Then see what was t he end of t he criminals. ) This Ayah means: ` See, O Muhammad, t he end of t hose who dared t o disobey Allah and rej ect His Messengers.' Imam Ahmad, Abu Dawud, At Tirmidhi, Ibn Maj ah, all recorded a Hadit h from Ibn ` Abbas who said t hat Allah's Messenger said;

やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プ ヅ ∃ ヲ⊥ャ ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ モ ∠ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ⊥ ∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ヮ͡よ メヲ⊥バ∇ヘヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ハ ͡ ゅ∠ヘ∇ャや (Whoever is found doing t he act of t he people of Lut , t hen kill t hem; t he doer and t he one it is done t o.)

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ⇒∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔ら∇Βバ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ リ ∠ Α∠ ∇ギョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ る∀ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ ユ⊥ム∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∃ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ∇やヲ⊥ジガ ∠ ∇らゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇Βム∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥プ∇ヱ∠ほ∠プ ゅ∠ヰエ ͡ ⇒∠ヤ∇タま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠Β∇セぺ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ (85. And t o (t he people of) Madyan, (We sent ) t heir brot her Shu` ayb. He said: "O my people! Worship Allah! You have no ot her God but Him. Verily, a clear proof (sign) from your Lord has come unt o you; so give full measure and full weight and wrong not men in t heir t hings, and do not do mischief on t he eart h aft er it has been set in order, t hat will be bet t er for you, if you are believers.)

Story of Shu` ayb, upon him be Peace, and the Land of Madyan Muhammad bin Ishaq said, "They (t he people of Madyan) are t he descendent s of Madyan, son of Midyan, son of Ibrahim. Shu` ayb was t he son of Mikil bin Yashj ur. And in t he Syrian language, his name was Yat hrun (Jet hro)''. I (Ibn Kat hir) say, Madyan was t he name of t he t ribe and also a cit y t hat is close t o Ma` an on rout e t o t he Hij az (from Ash-Sham). Allah said in anot her Ayah,

サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α∠ ∇ギョ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ョ キ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇ジΑ∠ (And when he arrived at t he wat er (a well) of Madyan he found t here a group of men wat ering (t heir flocks).) 28:23 They are also t he people of Al-Aykah (t he Woods), as we will ment ion lat er on, Allah willing, and our t rust is in Him.

びロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "O my people! Worship Allah! You have no ot her God but Him'') and t his is t he call of all Messengers,

び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ る∀ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ ユ⊥ム∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ ("Verily, a clear proof (sign) from your Lord has come unt o you;'') meaning, ` Allah has present ed t he proof and evidences of t he t rut h of what I brought you.' He t hen advised t hem and commanded t hem t o give full measure and full weight and not t o wrong men in t heir dealings, meaning, t o refrain from cheat ing people in buying and selling. They used t o t reacherously avoid giving full weight and measure. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヘヘあ ト ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱぴ (Woe t o Al-Mut affifin (t hose who give less in measure and weight )...) 83:1 unt il He said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ ャ͡ぴ (before t he Lord of all t hat exist s) 83:6 . These Ayat cont ain a st ern warning and sure promise t hat we ask Allah t o save us from. Shu` ayb was called ` Speaker of t he Prophet s', because of his eloquent words and eloquent advice, and Allah st at ed t hat Shu` ayb said:

リ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ͡ ヲ⊥ゎ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ あモム⊥ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギバ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱ ゅ⇔ィヲ∠ ハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ルや∠ヱ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ んｚ ム∠ プ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇クま͡ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽ∇Α ∇ユャｚ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨム͡ ⇒∠エ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ∠ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ (86. "And sit not on every road, t hreat ening, and hindering from t he pat h of Allah t hose who believe in Him, and seeking t o make it crooked. And remember when you were but few, and He mult iplied you. And see what was t he end of t he mischief-makers.) (87. "And if t here is a part y of you who believes in t hat wit h which I have been sent and a part y who does not believe, so be pat ient unt il Allah j udges bet ween us, and He is t he best of j udges.'')

Prophet Shu` ayb forbade his people from setting up blockades on the roads, saying,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ͡ ヲ⊥ゎ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ あモム⊥ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギバ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ("And sit not on every road, t hreat ening,'') t hreat ening people wit h deat h if t hey do not give up t heir money, as t hey were bandit s, according t o As-Suddi. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and several ot hers comment ed:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ͡ ヲ⊥ゎ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ あモム⊥ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギバ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ("And sit not on every road, t hreat ening.'') t he believers who come t o Shu` ayb t o follow him.'' The first meaning is bet t er, because Prophet Shu` ayb first said t o t hem,

びヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ あモム⊥ よ͡ ぴ ("on every road...'') He t hen ment ioned t he second meaning,

ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ィ∠ヲ͡ハ ("and hindering from t he pat h of Allah t hose who believe in Him, and seeking t o make it crooked.'') meaning, you seek t o make t he pat h of Allah crooked and deviat ed,

び∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ んｚ ム∠ プ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇クま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ ("And remember when you were but few, and He mult iplied you.'') meaning, you were weak because you were few. But you lat er on became might y because of your large numbers. Therefore, remember Allah's favor.

びリ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ルや∠ヱぴ ("And see what was t he end of t he mischief-makers. '') from t he previous nat ions and earlier generat ions. See t he t orment and punishment t hey suffered, because t hey disobeyed Allah and rej ect ed His Messengers. Shu` ayb cont inued;

ヮ͡ よ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽ∇Α ∇ユャｚ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デヱ∠ ("And if t here is a part y of you who believes in t hat wit h which I have been sent and a part y who does not believe,'') t hat is, if you divided concerning me,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プぴ ("so be pat ient '') t hat is, t hen wait and see,

びゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ∠ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ ("unt il Allah j udges bet ween us,''), and you,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨム͡ ⇒∠エ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ

("and He is t he best of j udges.'') Surely, Allah will award t he best end t o t hose who fear and obey Him and He will dest roy t he disbelievers.

マ ∠ レｚ ィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガレ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ζ∠ヨ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠レわ͡ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ょ ⊥ ∇Βバ∠ ゼ ⊥ ⇒Α ギ͡ ホ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ワゲ͡ ⇒∠ミ ゅｚレミ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠レわ͡ ヤｚョ͡ ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ キ⊥ ヲ⊥バわ∠ ャ∠ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ヤｚョ͡ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ル∇ギハ ⊥ ∇ラま͡ ゅ⇔よグ͡ ミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Αゲ∠ わ∠ ∇プや ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ま͡ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ キ∠ ヲ⊥バルｚ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レ∠ャ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠ルゅｚイル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ノ∠ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ウわ∠ ∇プや ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや び ∠リΒ͡エ͡わ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ (88. The chiefs of t hose who were arrogant among his people said: "We shall cert ainly drive you out , O Shu` ayb and t hose who have believed wit h you from our t own, or else you (all) shall ret urn t o our religion.'' He said: "Even t hough we hat e it '') (89. "We should have invent ed a lie against Allah if we ret urned t o your religion, aft er Allah has rescued us from it . And it is not for us t o ret urn t o it unless Allah, our Lord, should will. Our Lord comprehends all t hings in His knowledge. In Allah (Alone) we put our t rust . Our Lord! Judge bet ween us and our people in t rut h, for You are t he best of t hose who give j udgment .'')

Allah describes the way the disbelievers answered His Prophet Shu` ayb and those who believed in him, by threatening them with expulsion from their village, or with forceful reversion to the disbeliever's religion. The chiefs spoke t he words ment ioned here t o t he Messenger Shu` ayb, but int ended it for t hose who followed his religion t oo. The st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ワゲ͡ ⇒∠ミ ゅｚレミ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ("Even t hough we hat e it ''), means, would you force us t o do t hat , even t hough we hat e what you are calling us t o Cert ainly if we revert t o your religion and accept your ways, we will have ut t ered a t remendous lie against Allah by calling part ners as rivals t o Him,

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ラぺ∠ Ι ∠ ま͡ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ キ∠ ヲ⊥バルｚ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レ∠ャ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ (And it is not for us t o ret urn t o it unless Allah, our Lord, should will.) This part of t he Ayah refers all mat t ers t o Allah's will, and cert ainly, He has perfect knowledge of all mat t ers and His observat ion encompasses all t hings,

びゅ∠レ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ぴ (In Allah (Alone) we put our t rust . ), concerning all our affairs, what we pract ice of t hem and what we ignore,

びペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ウわ∠ ∇プや ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! Judge bet ween us and our people in t rut h) j udge bet ween us and our people and give us vict ory over t hem,

びリ ∠ Β͡エわ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (for You are t he best of t hose who give j udgment ) and You are t he Most Just Who never wrongs any in His j udgment .

∇ユわ⊥ ∇バら∠ ゎｚや リ ͡ ゃ͡ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ζ∠ヨ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ る⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ィｚゲャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガャｚ や⇔ク͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ら∇Βバ∠ セ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - リ ∠ Β͡ヨん͡ ⇒∠ィ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ や∠キ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ⇔ら∇Βバ∠ セ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇や∇ヲレ∠ ∇ピΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ∠ほミ∠ ゅ⇔ら∇Βバ∠ セ ⊥ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ (90. The chiefs of t hose who disbelieved among his people said (t o t heir people): "If you follow Shu` ayb, be sure t hen you will be t he losers!'') (91. So t he eart hquake seized t hem and t hey lay (dead), prost rat e in t heir homes.) (92. Those who belied Shu` ayb, became as if t hey had never dwelt t here (in t heir homes). Those who belied Shu` ayb, t hey were t he losers.) Allah describes t he enormit y of disbelief, rebellion, t ransgression and misguidance (of Shu` ayb's people) and t he defiance of t rut h encrypt ed in t heir heart s. They vowed, saying,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガャｚ や⇔ク͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ルｚま͡ ゅ⇔ら∇Βバ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バら∠ ゎｚや リ ͡ ゃ͡ ャ∠ぴ ("If you follow Shu` ayb, be sure t hen you will be t he losers!'') Allah answered t hem,

びリ ∠ Βヨ͡ ん͡ ⇒∠ィ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ や∠キ ヶ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ る⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ィｚゲャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So t he eart hquake seized t hem and t hey lay (dead), prost rat e in t heir homes) Allah said t hat t he eart hquake shook t hem, as punishment for t hreat ening t o expel Shu` ayb and his followers. Allah ment ioned t heir end again in Suah Hud,

ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ⇔ら∇Βバ∠ セ ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Βイ ｚ ル∠ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ る⊥ エ ∠ ∇Βｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや れ ͡ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅｚレョあ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨん͡ ⇒∠ィ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ (And when Our commandment came, We saved Shu` ayb and t hose who believed wit h him by a mercy from Us. And t he Sayhah (loud cry) seized t he wrongdoers, and t hey lay (dead) prost rat e in t heir homes.) 11:94 This Ayah ment ions t he Sayhah (cry) t hat st ruck t hem aft er t hey mocked Shu` ayb, saying,

びポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ マ ∠ ゎ⊥ ヲ∠ ヤ∠タ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Does your Salah (prayer) command you...) so it was befit t ing t o ment ion here t he cry t hat made t hem silence. In Surat Ash-Shu` ara', Allah said,

ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ る͡ ヤｚヌ ぁ ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よグｚ ム∠ プ∠ ぴ び ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ (But t hey belied him, so t he t orment of t he Day of Shadow (a gloomy cloud) seized t hem. Indeed t hat was t he t orment of a Great Day) 26:189 because t hey challenged Shu` ayb,

び͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ヘ∠ジミ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇テボ͡ ∇シほ∠プ∠ ぴ ("So cause a piece of t he heaven t o fall on us, if you are of t he t rut hful!'') 26:187 . Therefore, Allah st at ed t hat each of t hese forms of punishment st ruck t hem on t he Day of t he Shadow. First ,

びる͡ ヤｚヌ ぁ ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So t he t orment of t he Day of Shadow (a gloomy cloud) seized t hem) 26:189 when a gloomy cloud came over t hem (cont aining) fire, flames and a t remendous light . Next , a cry from t he sky descended on t hem and a t remor shook t hem from beneat h. Consequent ly, t heir souls were capt ured, t heir lives were t aken and t heir bodies became idle,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨん͡ ⇒∠ィ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ や∠キ ヶ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ぴ (and t hey lay (dead), prost rat e in t heir homes). Allah said next ,

びべ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇や∇ヲレ∠ ∇ピΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ∠ほミ∠ ぴ (They became as if t hey had never dwelt t here) meaning, aft er t he t orment seized t hem, it looked as if t hey never dwelled in t he land from which t hey want ed t o expel t heir Messenger Shu` ayb and his followers. Here, Allah refut ed t heir earlier st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ⇔ら∇Βバ∠ セ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who belied Shu` ayb, t hey were t he losers.)

ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヤ⇒∠シケ͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ピヤ∠∇よぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴャｚヲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ぴ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠シや∠￢ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇エダ ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ (93. Then he (Shu` ayb) t urned from t hem and said: "O my people! I have indeed conveyed my Lord's Messages unt o you and I have given you good advice. Then how can I grieve over people who are disbelievers.'') Prophet Shu` ayb, peace be upon him, t urned away from his people aft er t he t orment , punishment and dest ruct ion st ruck t hem, admonishing and censuring t hem by saying t o t hem,

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇エダ ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヤ⇒∠シケ͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ピヤ∠∇よぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α∠ ぴ ("O my people! I have indeed conveyed my Lord's Messages unt o you and I have given you good advice.'') Shu` ayb said, I have conveyed t o you what I was sent wit h, so I will not feel any sorrow for you since you disbelieved in what I brought you,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠シや∠￢ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ぴ ("Then how can I grieve over pepple who are disbelievers'')

ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ Ι ∠ ま͡ ヴ ｙ ら͡ ルｚ リあョ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠レ∇ャギｚ よ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゲｚ ツ ｚ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ￢͡ へｚゲツ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠シ∇ほら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ザ ｚ ョ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱｚ ∇やヲ∠ヘハ ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る∠ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや る͡ ゃ∠ Βあ ジ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グカ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ￢⊥ へｚゲジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ へｚゲツ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ル￢∠ ゅ∠よや∠￢ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ (94. And We sent no Prophet unt o any t own (and t hey denied him), but We seized it s people wit h Ba'sa' and Darra', so t hat t hey might humble t hemselves (t o Allah).) (95. Then We changed t he evil for t he good, unt il t hey ` Afaw (increased), and said: "Our fat hers were t ouched wit h evil and wit h good.'' So We seized t hem all of a sudden while t hey were unaware.)

Afflictions that struck Earlier Nations Allah ment ions t he Ba'sa' and Darra' t hat st ruck t he earlier nat ions t o whom He sent Prophet s. Ba'sa', refers t o t he physical sicknesses and ailment s t hat t hey suffered, while Darra', refers t o t he povert y and humiliat ion t hat t hey experienced,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゲｚ ツ ｚ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (so t hat t hey might humble t hemselves) supplicat e, humble t hemselves and invoke Allah, t hat He might remove t he afflict ions t hat t hey suffered from. This Ayah indicat es t hat Allah sent down severe afflict ions t o t hem so t hat t hey might invoke Him, but t hey did not do what He ordered t hem. Therefore, He changed t he afflict ion int o prosperit y t o t est t hem,

びる∠ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや る͡ ゃ∠ Βあ ジ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャギｚ よ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then We changed t he evil for t he good,) Therefore, Allah changed t he hardship int o prosperit y, disease and sickness int o healt h and well-being, and povert y int o richness in provision, so t hat t hey might be t hankful t o Allah for t his, but t hey did none of t hat . Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヲ∠ヘハ ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il t hey ` Afaw) refers t o increase in numbers, wealt h and offspring. Allah said next ,

￢⊥ へｚゲジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ へｚゲツ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ル￢∠ ゅ∠よや∠￢ ザ ｚ ョ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱｚ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グカ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ (. . and t hey said: "Our fat hers were t ouched wit h evil and wit h good.'' So We seized t hem all of a sudden while t hey were unaware.) He t est ed t hem wit h t his (afflict ions) and t hat (ease and abundance) so t hat t hey may humble t hemselves and repent t o Him. However, t hey failed bot h t est s, for neit her t his nor t hat compelled t hem t o change t heir ways. They said, "We suffered Ba'sa' and Darra', but prosperit y came aft erwards, j ust as like our forefat hers in earlier t imes.'' "Therefore,'' t hey said, "it is a cycle where we somet imes suffer a hardship and at ot her t imes, we enj oy a bount y.'' However, t hey did not comprehend Allah's wisdom, nor t he fact t hat He is t est ing t hem in bot h cases. To t he cont rary, t he believers are grat eful t o Allah in good t imes and pract ice pat ience in hard t imes. In t he Sahih, t here is a Hadit h t hat says;

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚャま͡ ￢⇔ ゅ∠ツホ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヶ͡ツ∇ボ∠Α ゅ∠ャ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ⇔ら∠イ∠ハ» や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ゲ∠ ら∠ タ ∠ ￢⊥ やｚゲッ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ «ヮ∠ャ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ゲ∠ ム∠ セ ∠ ￢⊥ やｚゲシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ (The mat t er of t he believer is amazing, for not hing t hat Allah decrees for him, but it is bet t er for him. If a Darra' (harm) st rikes him, he is pat ient , and t his is bet t er for him, if he is given Sarra' (prosperit y), he t hanks (Allah) for it and t his is bet t er for him.) The believer, t herefore, is aware of t he t est behind t he afflict ions whet her it may be prosperit y or adversit y t hat Allah sends t o him, as well as t he blessings. Similarly, in anot her Hadit h,

∇リョ͡ ゅ６Βボ͡ ル∠ ァ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ や∠ゴΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» ユ∠ Β͡プ ヵ͡ケ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヨエ ͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ヮヤ∇んョ͡ ペ͡プゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ∩͡ヮよ͡ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ «ロヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ユ∠ Β͡プ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ワぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ト ∠ よ∠ ケ∠ (The believer will cont inue t o be t est ed by afflict ions unt il he ends up pure from sin. And t he parable of t he hypocrit e is t hat of a donkey, it does not know why it s owners t ied it or released it .) Allah said next ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グカ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So We seized t hem all of a sudden while t hey were unaware.) meaning, We st ruck t hem wit h punishment all of a sudden, while t hey were unaware. A Hadit h describes sudden deat h,

ブ ∃ シ ∠ ぺ∠ り⊥ グ∠ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ り͡ ほ∠∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや れ ⊥ ∇ヲョ∠ » «ゲ͡プゅ∠ム∇ヤャ͡ (Sudden deat h is a mercy for t he believer, but a sorrowful punishment for t he disbeliever.)

ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇エわ∠ ヘ∠ ャ∠ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ミゲ∠ よ∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グカ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ぺ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲヨ⊥ も͡ べ∠ル ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔わ⇒∠Βよ∠ ゅ∠レシ ⊥ ∇ほよ∠ ユ⊥ヰΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ - ∠ラヲ⊥ら∠バ∇ヤ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ⇔エッ ⊥ ゅ∠レシ ⊥ ∇ほよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇ムョ∠ リ ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇ムョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや (96. And if t he people of t he t owns had believed and had Taqwa, cert ainly, We should have opened for t hem blessings from t he heaven and t he eart h, but t hey belied (t he Messengers). So We t ook t hem (wit h punishment ) for what t hey used t o earn.) (97. Did t he people of t he t owns t hen feel secure against t he coming of Our punishment by night while t hey were asleep) (98. Or, did t he people of t he t owns t hen feel secure against t he coming of Our punishment in t he forenoon while t hey were playing) (99. Did t hey t hen feel secure against Allah's plan None feels secure from Allah's plan except t he people who are t he losers.)

Blessings come with Faith, while Kufr brings Torment Allah ment ions here t he lit t le fait h of t he people of t he t owns t o whom He sent Messengers. In anot her inst ance, Allah said,

ュ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま べ∠ヰバ∠ ヘ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ∇ろレ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ る∀ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ヴ͡プ ン ͡ ∇ゴガ ͡ ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヘゼ ∠ ミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ べｚヨャ∠ ザ ∠ ル⊥ ヲ⊥Α びリ ∃ Β͡ェ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇バわｚ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや (Was t here any t own (communit y) t hat believed (aft er seeing t he punishment ), and it s fait h (at t hat moment ) saved it (from t he punishment ) -- Except t he people of Yunus; when t hey believed, We removed from t hem t he t orment of disgrace in t he life of t he (present ) world, and permit t ed t hem t o enj oy for a while.) 10:98 This Ayah indicat es t hat no cit y believed in it s ent iret y, except t he cit y of Prophet Yunus, for t hey all believed aft er t hey were st ricken by punishment . Allah said (about Prophet Yunus),

∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゴΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ブ ∃ ∇ャぺ∠ る͡ も∠ ∇ゅョ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∃ Β͡ェ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バわｚ ヨ∠ プ∠ (And We sent him t o a hundred t housand (people) or even more. And t hey believed; so We gave t hem enj oyment for a while.) 37:147-148 Allah said in anot her Ayah,

びゲ∃ Α͡グルｚ リあョ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We did not send a warner t o a t ownship....) 34:34 Allah said here,

び∇や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And if t he people of t he t owns had believed and had Taqwa. ..) meaning t heir heart s had fait h in what t he Messenger brought t hem, believed and obeyed him, and had Taqwa by performing t he act s of obedience and abst aining from t he prohibit ions,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ミゲ∠ よ∠ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇エわ∠ ヘ∠ ャ∠ぴ (We should have opened for t hem blessings from t he heaven and t he eart h,) in reference t o t he rain t hat falls from t he sky and t he veget at ion of t he eart h. Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グカ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ

(but t hey belied (t he Messengers). So We t ook t hem (wit h punishment ) for what t hey used t o earn.) They denied t heir Messengers, so t hat We punished t hem and sent dest ruct ion on t hem as a result of t he sins and wickedness t hat t hey earned. Allah t hen said, while warning and t hreat ening against defying His orders and daring t o commit His prohibit ions,

びン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Did t he people of t he t owns t hen feel secure),meaning t he disbelievers among t hem,

びゅ∠レシ ⊥ ∇ほよ∠ ユ⊥ヰΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ (t hat should come t o t hem our punishment ), Our t orment and punishing example,

びゅ⇔わ⇒∠Βよ∠ ぴ (Bayat an) during t he night ,

∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔わ⇒∠Βよ∠ ゅ∠レシ ⊥ ∇ほよ∠ ユ⊥ヰΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ゅ∠レシ ⊥ ∇ほよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ぺ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨも͡ べ∠ル び ∠ラヲ⊥ら∠バ∇ヤ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ⇔エッ ⊥ (while t hey were asleep Or, did t he people of t he t owns t hen feel secure against t he coming of Our punishment in t he forenoon while t hey were playing) while t hey are busy in t heir affairs and unaware.

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇ムョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Did t hey t hen feel secure against Allah's plan) His t orment , vengeance, and His power t o dest roy t hem while t hey are inat t ent ive and heedless,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇ムョ∠ リ ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (None feels secure from Allah's plan except t he people who are t he losers.) Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "The believer performs t he act s of worship, all t he while feeling fear, in fright and anxiet y. The Faj ir (wicked sinner, or disbeliever) commit s t he act s of disobedience while feeling safe (from Allah's t orment )!''

ラ∠ぺ べ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ チ ∠ ∇ケΕ ∠ やラ ∠ ヲ⊥をゲ͡ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ⊥ ら∠ ∇トル∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ら∠タ∠ぺ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ∇ヲャｚ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ (100. Is it not a guidance for t hose who inherit t he eart h from it s previons inhabit ant s t hat had We willed, We would have punished t hem for t heir sins. And We seal up t heir heart s so t hat t hey hear not )

Ibn ` Abbas commented on Allah's statement,

びべ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ チ ∠ ∇ケΕ ∠ やラ ∠ ヲ⊥をゲ͡ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Is it not a guidance for t hose who inherit t he eart h from it s previous inhabit ant s. ..) "(Allah says,) did We not make clear t o t hem t hat had We willed, We would have punished t hem because of t heir sins'' Muj ahid and several ot hers said similarly. Abu Ja` far bin Jarir At -Tabari explained t his Ayah, "Allah says, ` Did We not make clear t o t hose who succeeded on t he eart h aft er dest roying t he previous nat ions who used t o dwell in t hat land. Then t hey followed t heir own ways, and behaved as t hey did and were unruly wit h t heir Lord. Did We not make clear t o t hem t hat ,

び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇らタ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ∇ヲャｚ ラ∠ぺぴ (t hat had We willed, We would have punished t hem for t heir sins.) by bringing t hem t he same end t hat was decreed for t hose before t hem,

び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ⊥ ら∠ ∇トル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We seal up t heir heart s), We place a cover over t heir heart ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (so t hat t hey hear not ), words of advice or reminding''' I say t hat similarly, Allah said,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び ヴ∠ヰレぁ ャや ヴ͡ャ∇ヱｘΙ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΕ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ム͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ヴ͡プ (Is it not a guidance for t hem: how many generat ions We have dest royed before t hem, in whose dwellings t hey walk Verily, in t his are signs indeed for men of underst anding.) 20:128

ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ れ ∃ ゅ∠ΑΙ ∂ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ミ͡ ゅ∠ジョ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (Is it not a guidance for t hem: how many generat ions We have dest royed before t hem in whose dwellings t hey do walk about Verily, t herein indeed are signs. Would t hey not t hen list en) 32:26 and,

リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ͡ ム͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ムシ ∠ ヲ∠ ャ∃や∠ヱコ∠ (Had you not sworn aforet ime t hat you would not leave (t he world for t he Hereaft er). And you dwelt in t he dwellings of men who wronged t hemselves) 14:44-45 Also, Allah said,

∇リョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ぁザエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ラ ∃ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ム∠ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ゴ∇ミケ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ (And how many a generat ion before t hem have We dest royed! Can you find a single one of t hem or hear even a whisper of t hem) 19:98 meaning, do you see any of t hem or hear t heir voices There are many ot her Ayat t hat t est ify t hat Allah's t orment st rikes His enemies, while His bount y reaches His fait hful believers. Thereaft er comes Allah's st at ement , and He is t he Most Trut hful, t he Lord of all t hat exist s,

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡もべ∠らル∠ぺ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぁゾボ⊥ ル∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ノ⊥ ら∠ ∇トΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ べ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ギ∃ ∇ヰハ ∠ ∇リョあ ユ͡ワゲ͡ ん∠ ∇ミΙ ６ ゅ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘャ∠ (101. Those were t he t owns whose st ory We relat e unt o you. And t here came indeed t o t hem t heir Messengers wit h clear proofs, but t hey were not such who would believe in what t hey rej ect ed before. Thus Allah does seal up t he heart s of t he disbelievers.) (102. And most of t hem We found not t rue t o t heir covenant , but most of t hem We found indeed rebellious.) Aft er narrat ing t he st ories of t he people of Prophet s Nuh, Hud, Salih, Lut and Shu` ayb, dest roying t he disbelievers, saving t he believers, warning t hese nat ions by explaining t he t rut h t o t hem wit h t he evidence sent in t he words of His Messengers, may Allah's peace and blessings be on t hem all, Allah said;

びマ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぁゾボ⊥ ル∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ (Those were t he t owns t hat We relat e t o you) O Muhammad,

びゅ∠ヰも͡ べ∠らル∠ぺ ∇リョ͡ ぴ (t heir st ory), and news,

びろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t here came indeed t o t hem t heir Messengers wit h clear proofs,) and evidences of t he t rut h of what t hey brought t hem. Allah said in ot her Ayah,

びΙ ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らル∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡よグあ バ∠ ョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We never punish unt il We have sent a Messenger (t o give warning).) 17:15 , and,

∀ユ͡もべ∠ホ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁダボ⊥ ル∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ￢͡ べ∠ら∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∀ギΒ͡ダェ ∠ ヱ∠

(That is some of t he news of t he t owns which We relat e unt o you; of t hem, some are st anding, and some have been reaped. We wronged t hem not , but t hey wronged t hemselves.) 11:100101 Allah said

びモ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (but t hey were not such who would believe in what t hey had rej ect ed before.) meaning t hey would not have lat er on believed in what t he Messengers brought t hem, because t hey denied t he t rut h when it first came t o t hem (alt hough t hey recognized it ), according t o t he Tafsir of Ibn ` At iyyah. This explanat ion is sound, and is support ed by Allah's st at ement ,

ょ ⊥ ヤあボ∠ ル⊥ ヲ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ べ∠ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ バ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びり∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ (And what will make you perceive t hat if it came, t hey will not believe And We shall t urn t heir heart s and t heir eyes away (from guidance), as t hey refused t o believe t herein for t he first t ime.) 6:109-110 This is why Allah said here,

ゅ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョヲ∠ レ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ノ⊥ ら∠ ∇トΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ びユ͡ワゲ͡ ん∠ ∇ミΙ ６ (Thus Allah does seal up t he heart s of t he disbelievers. And most of t hem We found not ...) meaning, We did not find most of t he previous nat ions,

びリ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ べ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ギ∃ ∇ヰハ ∠ ∇リョあ ぴ (t rue t o t heir covenant , but most of t hem We found t o indeed be rebellious.) This Ayah means, We found most of t hem t o be rebellious, deviat ing away from obedience and compliance. The covenant ment ioned here is t he Fit rah t hat Allah inst illed in t hem while st ill in t heir fat hers' loins, and t aking t heir covenant , t hat He is t heir Lord, King, and t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Him,. They affirmed t his covenant and t est ified against t hemselves t o t his fact . However, t hey defied t his covenant , t hrew it behind t heir backs and worshipped ot hers besides Allah, having no proof or plea, nor support from rat ionalit y or by divine law. Surely, t he pure Fit rah defies t hese act ions, while all t he honorable Messengers, from beginning t o end, forbade t hem. Muslim collect ed t he Hadit h,

￢∠ ゅ∠ヘレ∠ ェ ⊥ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヶあルま͡ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » ∇ろョ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ Α͡キ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わャ∠ゅ∠わ∇ィゅ∠プ リ ⊥ Β͡デゅ∠Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ ゅ∠イプ∠ «ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤヤ∠∇ェぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (Allah said, "I creat ed My servant s Hunafa' (monot heist s), but t he devils came t o t hem and deviat ed t hem from t heir religion and prohibit ed t hem what I allowed t hem.'') It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs,

ヮ͡ ル͡ や∠キヲあ ヰ∠ Α⊥ ロ⊥ や∠ヲよ∠ ほ∠ プ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇トヘ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ギ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥Α キ∃ ヲ⊥ャ∇ヲョ∠ ぁモミ⊥ » «ヮ͡ルゅ∠ジイ あ ヨ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ や∠ゲダ あ レ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ (Every child is born upon t he Fit rah, it is only his parent s who t urn him int o a Jew, a Christ ian or a Zoroast rian.)

ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ヴ∠シヲぁョ ユ͡ワギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ヌ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ Α͡ Θ ͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや (103. Then aft er t hem We sent Musa wit h Our signs t o Fir` awn and his chiefs, but t hey wrongfully rej ect ed t hem. So see how was t he end of t he mischief-makers)

Story of Prophet Musa, upon him be Peace, and Fir` awn Allah said,

びユ͡ワギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then aft er t hem We sent ), aft er t he Messengers whom We ment ioned, such as Nuh, Hud, Salih Lut and Shu` ayb (may Allah's peace and blessings be on t hem and t he rest of Allah's Prophet s), We sent ,

びべ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ヴ∠シヲぁョぴ (Musa wit h Our signs) proofs and clear evidences, t o Fir` awn, who was ruler of Egypt during t he t ime of Musa,

びヮ͡ ∇ΑΘ ͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and his chiefs) t he people of Fir` awn,

びゅ∠ヰ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ヌ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (but t hey wrongfully rej ect ed t hem), t hey denied and disbelieved in t he signs, out of inj ust ice and st ubbornness on t heir part . Allah said about t hem in anot her Ayah,

や⇔∂ヲヤ⊥ハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヰ∇わレ∠ ボ∠ ∇Βわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠エ∠ィ∠ヱぴ びリ ∠ Αギ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルゅ∠プ (And t hey belied t hem (t hose Ayat ) wrongfully and arrogant ly, t hough t hey were t hemselves convinced t hereof. So see what was t he end of t he evildoers.) 27:14 The Ayah says, ` t hose who hindered from t he pat h of Allah and belied in His Messengers, look how We punished t hem, We caused t hem t o drown, all of t hem, while Musa and his people were wat ching.' Public drowning added disgrace t o t he punishment t hat Fir` awn and his people suffered, while adding comfort t o t he heart s of Allah's part y, Musa and t hose people who believed in him.

ゆ あ ケｚ リあョ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ヴｚルま͡ ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ Α∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ Ι ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ペΒ͡ボ∠ェ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ヴ͡レよ∠ ヴ ∠ バ͡ ョ∠ ∇モシ ͡ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ る∃ レ∠ Βあ ら∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギホ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ͡ま べ∠ヰよ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほプ∠ る∃ Α∠ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ (104. And Musa said: "O Fir` awn! Verily, I am a Messenger from t he Lord of all t hat exist s.'') (105. "Proper it is for me t hat I say not hing concerning Allah but t he t rut h. Indeed I have come unt o you from your Lord wit h a clear proof. So let t he Children of Israel depart along wit h me.'') (106. Fir` awn said: "If you have come wit h a sign, show it fort h, if you are one of t hose

who t ell t he t rut h.'') Allah ment ions a debat e t hat t ook place bet ween Musa and Fir` awn, and Musa's refut ing Fir` awn wit h t he unequivocal proof and clear miracles, in t he presence of Fir` awn and his people, t he Copt s of Egypt . Allah said,

ゆ あ ケｚ リあョ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ヴｚルま͡ ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ Α∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや (And Musa said: "O Fir` awn! Verily, I am a Messenger from t he Lord of all t hat exist s''.) meaning Musa said, ` t he one Who sent me is t he Creat or, Lord and King of all t hings,'

びペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ Ι ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ペΒ͡ボ∠ェぴ ("Proper it is for me t hat I say not hing concerning Allah but t he t rut h. '') ` It is incumbent and a dut y for me t o convey only t he Trut h from Him, because of what I know of His might and power.'

び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ る∃ レ∠ Βあ ら∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ ("Indeed I have come unt o you from your Lord wit h a clear proof.'') ` I brought unequivocal evidence t hat Allah gave me t o prove t hat I am conveying t he t rut h t o you,'

びモ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ヴ ∠ バ͡ ョ∠ ∇モシ ͡ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ぴ ("So let t he Children of Israel depart along wit h me.'') means, release t hem from your slavery and subj ugat ion. Let t hem worship your Lord and t heir Lord. They are from t he offspring of an honorable Prophet , Isra'il, who is Ya` qub son of Ishaq son of Ibrahim, t he Khalil (int imat e friend) of Allah.

リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま べ∠ヰよ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほプ∠ る∃ Α∠ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや ( Fir` awn said: "If you have come wit h a sign, show it fort h, if you are one of t hose who t ell t he t rut h.'') Fir` awn said, ` I will not believe in what you have said nor ent ert ain your request '. Therefore, he said, ` if you have proof, t hen produce it for us t o see, so t hat we know if your claim is t rue.'

ロ⊥ ギ∠ Α∠ ネ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ラゅ∠ら∇バを⊥ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠ダハ ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇ャほ∠プ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ͡ ⇒ｚレヤ͡ャ ￢⊥ べ∠ツ∇Βよ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ (107. Then Musa t hrew his st aff and behold! it was a Thu` ban serpent , manifest !) (108. And he drew out his hand, and behold! it was whit e (wit h radiance) for t he beholders.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ラゅ∠ら∇バを⊥ ぴ (a Thu` ban serpent , manifest ), refers t o "The male snake.'' As-Suddi and Ad-Dahhak said similarly. A report from Ibn ` Abbas said,

びロ⊥ ゅ∠ダハ ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇ャほ∠プ∠ ぴ "(Then (Musa) t hrew his st aff), and it t urned int o a huge snake t hat opened it s mout h and rushed t owards Fir` awn. When Fir` awn saw t he snake rushing t owards him, he j umped from his t hrone and cried t o Musa for help, so t hat Musa would remove t he snake from his way. Musa did t hat .'' As-Suddi comment ed,

び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ラゅ∠ら∇バを⊥ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (and behold! It was a Thu` ban serpent , manifest !) "This Thu` ban refers t o male snakes. The snake opened it s mout h and headed t owards Fir` awn t o swallow him, placing it s lower j aw on t he ground and it s upper j aw reaching t he (t op of t he) wall of t he palace. When Fir` awn saw t he snake, he was fright ened, so he j umped and wet himself and he never wet himself before t his incident . He cried, ` O Musa! Take it away and I will believe in you and release t he Children of Israel t o you.' So Musa, peace be on him, t ook it , and it became a st aff again. ''

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ͡ ⇒ｚレヤ͡ャ ￢⊥ べ∠ツ∇Βよ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ Α∠ ネ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And he drew out his hand, and behold! it was whit e (wit h radiance) for t he beholders.) Musa t ook his hand out of his cloak aft er he insert ed his hand in it and it was shining, not because of leprosy or sickness. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ツ∇Βよ∠ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ マ ∠ ら͡ ∇Βィ ∠ ヴ͡プ ポ ∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ∇モカ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び￢∃ ヲ⊥シ

(And put your hand int o your bosom, it will come fort h whit e wit hout hurt .) 27:12 Ibn ` Abbas said, "wit hout hurt ', means, ` not because of leprosy'. Musa insert ed his hand again in his sleeve and it ret urned back t o it s normal color.'' Muj ahid and several ot hers said similarly.

∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ゲ͡エ⇒∠ジ∠ャ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ Ζ∠ヨ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ や∠クゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ッ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ムィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ (109. The chiefs of t he people of Fir` awn said: "This is indeed a well-versed sorcerer.'') (110. "He want s t o get you out of your land, so what do you advise'')

Fir` awn's People say that Musa is a Magician! The chiefs and noblemen of t he people of Fir` awn agreed wit h Fir` awn's st at ement about Musa. Aft er Fir` awn felt safe and ret urned t o his t hrone, he said t o t he chiefs of his people,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ゲ͡エ⇒∠ジ∠ャ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (This is indeed a well-versed sorcerer) and t hey agreed. They held counsel t o decide what t hey should do about Musa. They conspired t o ext inguish t he light t hat he brought and bring down his word. They plot t ed t o port ray Musa as a liar and fake. They feared t hat he might lure people t o his side by his magic, t hey claimed, and t hus prevail over t hem and drive t hem away from t heir land. What t hey feared occured, j ust as Allah said,

ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ キ∠ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ン ∠ ゲ͡ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱケ∠グ∇エΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ (And We let Fir` awn and Haman and t heir host s receive from t hem t hat which t hey feared.) 28:6 Aft er t hey conferred about Musa, t hey agreed on a plot , as Allah said about t hem,

リ ∠ Α͡ゲゼ ͡ ⇒∠ェ リ ͡ も͡ へ∠ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇モシ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ヮィ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ び ユ∃ Β͡ヤハ ∠ ゲ∃ エ ͡ ⇒∠シ あモム⊥ よ͡ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ (111. They said: "Put him and his brot her off (for a t ime), and send callers t o t he cit ies t o collect '') (112. "That t hey bring t o you all well-versed sorcerers.'') Ibn ` Abbas comment ed,

び∇ヮィ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ぴ

("Put him off''), means, "delay him (for a t ime).''

びリ ͡ も͡ へ∠ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇モシ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ("and send t o t he cit ies''), areas and provinces of your kingdom -- O Fir` awn,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲゼ ͡ ⇒∠ェぴ ("t o collect '') t o gat her magicians from various lands. At t his t ime, magic was t he t rade of t he day and it was widespread and popular. They had t he idea t hat what Musa brought was a t ype of magic similar t o t he magic t hat t he sorcerers of t heir t ime pract iced. Because of t his incorrect assumpt ion, t hey brought all t he magicians in order t o defeat t he miracles t hat he showed t hem. Allah said about Fir` awn,

や⇔ギ͡ハ∇ヲョ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョあ ゲ∃ ∇エジ ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ レｚ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほレ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ び ン⇔ヲシ ⊥ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヮ⊥ ヘ⊥ ヤ͡∇ガル⊥ Ι ｚ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ る͡ レ∠ Αあゴャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ノ∠ ヨ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヴｚャヲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ - ヴ⇔エッ ⊥ (Then verily, we can produce magic t he like t hereof; so appoint a meet ing bet ween us and you, which neit her we nor you shall fail t o keep, in an open place where bot h shall have a j ust and equal chance.'' Musa said: "Your appoint ed meet ing is t he day of t he fest ival, and let t he people assemble when t he sun has risen (forenoon).'' So Fir` awn wit hdrew, devised his plot and t hen came back.) 20:58-60 . Allah said,

ラ͡ま や⇔ゲ∇ィΕ ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ∇ャゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ り⊥ ゲ∠ エ ∠ジ ｚ ャや ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Β͡よゲｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡らヤ͡⇒∠ピ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ び (113. And so t he sorcerers came t o Fir` awn. They said: "Indeed t here will be a (good) reward for us if we are t he vict ors.'') (114. He said: "Yes, and moreover you will (in t hat case) be of t he nearest (t o me).'')

The Magicians convene and change Their Ropes into Snakes before Musa Allah describes t he conversat ion t hat t ook place bet ween Fir` awn and t he magicians he collect ed t o defeat Musa, peace be upon him. Fir` awn t old t hem t hat he will reward t hem and give t hem t remendous provisions. He made t hem hope in acquiring what t hey wished for and t o make t hem among his privat e audience and best associat es. When t hey were assured of t he cursed Fir` awn's promises,

リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムルｚ ラ∠ぺ べｚョ͡ま∠ヱ ヴ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ヤゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ べｚョま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ リ ∠ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲエ ∠シ ∠ ∇や∇ヲボ⊥ ∇ャぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡ボ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや び ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ゲ∃ ∇エジ ͡ よ͡ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇ゲわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや (115. They said: "O Musa! Eit her you t hrow (first ), or shall we have t he (first ) t hrow'') (116. He Musa said: "Throw you (first ).'' So when t hey t hrew, t hey bewit ched t he eyes of t he people, and st ruck t error int o t hem, and t hey displayed a great t rick.) The magicians challenged Musa, when t hey said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ボ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムルｚ ラ∠ぺ べｚョま͡ヱ∠ ヴ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ヤゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ べｚョま͡ぴ (Eit her you t hrow (first ), or shall we have t he (f irst ) t hrow) before you. In anot her Ayah, t hey said,

びヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムルｚ ラ∠ぺ べｚョま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (Or we be t he first t o t hrow) 20:65 . Musa said t o t hem, you t hrow first . It was said t hat t he wisdom behind asking t hem t o t hrow first , is t hat - Allah knows best - t he people might wit ness t he magicians' sorcery first . When t he magicians had cast t heir spell and capt ured t he eyes, t he clear and unequivocal t rut h came, at a t ime when t hey all ant icipat ed and wait ed for it t o come, t hus making t he t rut h even more impressive t o t heir heart s. This is what happened. Allah said,

び∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇ゲわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲエ ∠シ ∠ ∇や∇ヲボ⊥ ∇ャぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (So when t hey t hrew, t hey bewit ched t he eyes of t he people, and st ruck t error int o t hem,) meaning, t hey deceived t he eyes and made t hem t hink t hat t het t rick was real, when it was only an illusion, j ust as Allah said,

∇ブガ ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ - ヴ∠シヲぁョ る⇔ ヘ∠ Β͡カ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ͡プ ザ ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ョ ∇ブボ∠ ∇ヤゎ∠ マ ∠ レ͡ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ペ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ - ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ｘやろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ エ ͡ ⇒ｚジャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ェ ͡ ゅ∠シ ギ⊥ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バレ∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥バレ∠ タ ∠ び ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ (So Musa conceived fear in himself. We (Allah) said: "Fear not ! Surely, you will have t he upper hand. And t hrow t hat which is in your right hand! It will swallow up t hat which t hey have made. That which t hey have made is only a magician's t rick, and t he magician will never be successful, t o what ever amount (of skill) he may at t ain'') 20:67-69 . Ibn ` Abbas comment ed t hat t he magicians t hrew, "Thick ropes and long st icks, and t hey appeared t o be crawling, an illusion t hat t hey creat ed wit h t heir magic.''

ヴ ∠ ワ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ポ ∠ ゅ∠ダハ ∠ ペ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Β∠ェ∇ヱ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ モ ∠ト ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ホ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムプ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ブ ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヤゎ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲピ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇やヲ⊥らヤ∠ボ∠ ルや∠ヱ マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ら͡ヤピ⊥ ∠プ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Α͡ギイ ͡ ⇒∠シ り⊥ ゲ∠ エ ∠ジ ｚ ャや ヴ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゆ あ ケ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや (117. And We revealed t o Musa (saying): "Throw your st ick,'' and behold! It swallowed up st raight away all t he falsehood which t hey showed.) (118. Thus t rut h was confirmed, and all t hat t hey did was made of no effect .) (119. So t hey were defeat ed t here and ret urned disgraced.) (120. And t he sorcerers fell down prost rat e.) (121. They said: "We believe in t he Lord of all t hat exist s.) (122. "The Lord of Musa and Harun.'')

Musa defeats the Magicians, Who believe in Him Allah st at es t hat at t hat t remendous moment , in which Allah different iat ed bet ween Trut h and Falsehood, He sent a revelat ion t o His servant and Messenger Musa, peace be upon him, ordering him t o t hrow t he st ick t hat he held in his right hand,

びブ ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヤゎ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ

(It swallowed st raight away) and devoured,

び∠ラヲ⊥ム͡プ∇ほ∠Α ゅ∠ョぴ (all t he falsehood which t hey showed.) t he magic t hat t hey caused t he illusion wit h, of magic wit h which t hey caused making it appear real, whereas it was not real at all. Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Musa's st ick swallowed all t he ropes and st icks t hat t he magicians t hrew. The magicians realized t hat t his was from heaven and was by no means magic. They fell in prost rat ion and proclaimed,

ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゆ あ ケ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ("We believe in t he Lord of all t hat exist s. The Lord of Musa and Harun ). Muhammad bin Ishaq comment ed, "It followed t he ropes and st icks one aft er anot her, unt il not hing t hat t he sorcerers t hrew remained. Musa t hen held it in his hand, and it became a st ick again j ust as it was before. The magicians fell in prost rat ion and proclaimed, ` We believe in t he Lord of all t hat exist s, t he Lord of Musa and Harun. Had Musa been a magician, he would not have prevailed over us. ''' Al-Qasim bin Abi Bazzah comment ed, "Allah revealed t o Musa t o t hrow his st ick. When he t hrew his st ick, it became a huge, manifest snake t hat opened it s mout h and swallowed t he magicians' ropes and st icks. On t hat , t he magicians fell in prost rat ion. They did not raise t heir heads before seeing t he Paradise, t he Fire, and t he recompense of t heir inhabit ant s.''

や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ク∠ や∠￢ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ョや∠￢ ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ べ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガわ⊥ ャ͡ る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ⊥ ∇ゲム∠ ョｚ ゲ∀ ∇ムヨ∠ ャ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ リ ｚ ∠バト あ ∠ホΕ ⊥ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ∠らヤあ∠タΕ ｚユを⊥ フ ∃ Κ ∠カ ͡ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ラぺ∠ Ι ∠ ま͡ べｚレ͡ョ ユ⊥ ボ͡ レ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ レ⊥ョ ゅ∠レプｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇らタ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇パゲ͡ ∇プぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ (123. Fir` awn said: "You have believed in him Musa before I gave you permission. Surely, t his is a plot which you have plot t ed in t he cit y t o drive out it s people, but you shall come t o

know.'') (124. "Surely, I will cut off your hands and your feet from opposit e sides, t hen I will crucify you all.'') (125. They said: "Verily, we are ret urning t o our Lord.'') (126. "And you t ake vengeance on us only because we believed in t he Ayat of our Lord when t hey reached us! Our Lord! pour out on us pat ience, and cause us t o die as Muslims.'')

Fir` awn threatens the Magicians after They believed in Musa and Their Response to Him Allah ment ions t he t hreat s t hat t he Fir` awn - may Allah curse him - made t o t he magicians aft er t hey believed Musa, peace be upon him, and t he deceit and cunning t hat Fir` awn showed t he people. Fir` awn said,

∇やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガわ⊥ ャ͡ る͡ レ∠ Αギ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ⊥ ∇ゲ∠ムョｚ ゲ∀ ∇ムヨ∠ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ べ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ (Surely, t his is a plot which you have plot t ed in t he cit y t o drive out it s people,) meaning Fir` awn proclaimed, ` Musa's defeat ing you t oday was because you plot t ed wit h him and agreed t o t hat .' Fir` awn also said,

びゲ∠ ∇エジ あ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ヨ∠ ｚヤハ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ⊥ Β͡らム∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (He (Musa) is your chief who has t aught you magic.) 20:71 However, Fir` awn and all t hose who had any sense of reason knew for sure t hat what Fir` awn said was ut t erly false. As soon as Musa came from Madyan, he called Fir` awn t o Allah and demonst rat ed t remendous miracles and clear proofs for t he Trut h t hat he brought . Fir` awn t hen sent emissaries t o various cit ies of his kingdom and collect ed magicians who were scat t ered t hroughout Egypt . Fir` awn and his people chose from t hem, summoned t hem, and Fir` awn promised t hem great rewards. These magicians were very eager t o prevail over Musa in front of Fir` awn, so t hat t hey might become closer t o him. Musa neit her knew any of t hem nor saw or met t hem before. Fir` awn knew t hat , but he claimed ot herwise t o deceive t he ignorant masses of his kingdom, j ust as Allah described t hem,

びロ⊥ ヲ⊥ハゅ∠デほ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ブ ｚ ガ ∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ (Thus he Fir` awn fooled his people, and t hey obeyed him.) 43:54 Cert ainly, a people who believed Fir` awn in his st at ement ,

びヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ぁよケ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ぴ

("I am your lord, most high.'') 79:24 , are among t he most ignorant and misguided creat ures of Allah. In his Tafsir, As-Suddi report ed t hat Ibn Mas` ud, Ibn ` Abbas, and several ot her Companions, comment ed,

びる͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ⊥ ∇ゲ∠ムョｚ ゲ∀ ∇ムヨ∠ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ("Surely, t his is a plot which you have plot t ed in t he cit y...'') "Musa met t he leader of t he magicians and said t o him, ` If I defeat you, will you believe in me and bear wit ness t hat what I brought is t he t rut h' The magician said, ` Tomorrow, I will produce a t ype of magic t hat cannot be defeat ed by anot her magic. By Allah! If you defeat me, I will believe in you and t est ify t o your t rut h.' Fir` awn was wat ching t hem, and t his is why he said what he said.'' His st at ement ,

びゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ べ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガわ⊥ ャ͡ぴ ("t o drive out it s people''), means, so t hat you all cooperat e t o gain influence and power, replacing t he chiefs and mast ers of t his land. In t his case, power in t he st at e will be yours,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ ("but you shall come t o know''), what I will do t o you. He t hen explained his t hreat ,

びフ ∃ Κ ∠カ ͡ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ リ ｚ ∠バト あ ∠ホΕ ⊥ぴ ("Surely, I will cut off your hands and your feet from opposit e sides.'') by cut t ing t he right hand and t he left leg or t he opposit e,

びリ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ∠らヤあ∠タΕ ｚユを⊥ ぴ ("t hen I will crucify you all.'') j ust as he said in anot her Ayah,

びモ ͡ ∇ガレｚ ャや ネ ͡ ヱ⊥グィ ⊥ ヴ͡プぴ ("Fi t he t runks of dat e palms'') 20:71 , Fi in t his Ayah means "on''. Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Fir` awn was t he first t o crucify and cut off hands and legs on opposit e sides. The magicians said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ レ⊥ョ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べｚル͡まぴ ("Verily, we are ret urning t o our Lord.'') They said, ` We are now sure t hat we will go back t o Allah. Cert ainly, Allah's punishment is more severe t han your punishment and His t orment for

what you are calling us t o, t his day, and t he magic you forced us t o pract ice, is great er t han your t orment . Therefore, we will observe pat ience in t he face of your punishment t oday, so t hat we are saved from Allah's t orment .' They cont inued,

びや⇔ゲ∇らタ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇パゲ͡ ∇プぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ ("Our Lord! pour out on us pat ience''), wit h your religion and being firm in it ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅ∠レプｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ("and cause us t o die as Muslims.''), as followers of Your Prophet Musa, peace be upon him. They also said t o Fir` awn,

ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ を͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ ヴ͡ツ∇ボ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ チ ∃ ゅ∠ホ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ヂ ͡ ∇ホゅ∠プ ゅ∠ルゲ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レよあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ へ べｚル͡ま - べ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ∇エジ あ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∠わ∇ワ∠ゲ∇ミ∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠レ⇒∠Β⇒∠トカ ∠ Ι ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゅ⇔ョ͡ゲ∇イョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ - ヴ∠ボ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ⇔レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ヴ∠Β∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ び ヴ∠ヤバ⊥ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ィケ∠ ギｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ダ ｚ ャや ("So decide what ever you desire t o decree, for you can only decide for t he life of t his world. Verily, we have believed in our Lord, t hat He may forgive us our fault s, and t he magic t o which you did compel us. And Allah is bet t er t o reward and more last ing in punishment . Verily, whoever comes t o his Lord as a criminal, t hen surely, for him is Hell, wherein he will neit her die nor live. But whoever comes t o Him (Allah) as a believer, and has done right eous good deeds, for such are t he high ranks (in t he Hereaft er).) 20:72-75 . The magicians st art ed t he day as sorcerers and ended as honorable mart yrs! Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr, Qat adah and Ibn Jurayj comment ed, "They st art ed t he day as sorcerers and ended it as mart yrs.''

ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ケ⊥ グ∠ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ∠ハ∇ゲプ͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ Ζ∠ヨ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ モ ⊥ あわボ∠ レ⊥ シ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ わ∠ ヰ∠ ャ͡や￢∠ヱ ポ ∠ ケ∠ グ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘΒ⊥ ャ͡

-ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヰ͡ ⇒∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ジル͡ ヴ⇒͡Β∇エわ∠ ∇ジル∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇タや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レΒ͡バわ∠ ∇シや ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや∠ヱ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰを⊥ ケ͡ ヲ⊥Α ヮ͡ ヤｚャ チ ∠ ∇ケΕ ∠や びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ゅ∠レΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レΑ͡クヱ⊥ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ヘ∠ ヤ͡∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ｚヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ゲ∠ ヌ ⊥ レ∠Βプ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや (127. The chiefs of Fir` awn's people said: "Will you leave Musa and his people t o spread mischief in t he land, and t o abandon you and your gods'' He said: "We will kill t heir sons, and let t heir women live, and we have indeed irresist ible power over t hem.'') (128. Musa said t o his people: "Seek help in Allah and be pat ient . Verily, t he eart h is Allah's. He gives it as a herit age t o whom He wills of His servant s; and t he (blessed) end is for t he pious and right eous persons.'') (129. They said: "We suffered t roubles before you came t o us, and since you have come t o us.'' He said: "It may be t hat your Lord will dest roy your enemy and make you successors on t he eart h, so t hat He may see how you act '')

Fir` awn vows to kill the Children of Israel, Who complain to Musa; Allah promises Them Victory Allah ment ions t he conspiracy of Fir` awn and his people, t heir ill int ent ions and t heir hat red for Musa and his people.

びラ ∠ ヲ∠ハ∇ゲプ͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ Ζ∠ヨ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (The chiefs of Fir` awn's people said), t o Fir` awn,

びヮ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ケ⊥ グ∠ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ("Will you leave Musa and his people''), will you let t hem be free,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘΒ⊥ ャ͡ぴ

("t o spread mischief in t he land''), spreading unrest among your subj ect s and calling t hem t o worship t heir Lord inst ead of you Amazingly, t hese people were worried t hat Musa and his people would cause mischief! Rat her, Fir` awn and his people are t he mischief-makers, but t hey did not realize it . They said,

びマ ∠ わ∠ ヰ∠ ャ͡や￢∠ヱ ポ ∠ ケ∠ グ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ("and t o abandon you and your gods'') ` Your gods', according t o Ibn ` Abbas, as As-Suddi narrat ed from him, "Were cows. Whenever t hey saw a beaut iful cow, Fir` awn would command t hem t o worship it . This is why As-Samiri, made t he st at ue of a calf t hat seemed t o moo for t he Children of Israel.'' Fir` awn accept ed his people's recommendat ion, saying,

び∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ジル͡ ヴ⇒͡Β∇エわ∠ ∇ジル∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ モ ⊥ あわボ∠ レ⊥ シ ∠ぴ ("We will kill t heir sons, and let t heir women live'') t hus reit erat ing his previous order concerning t he Children of Israel. He had t orment ed t hem killing every newly born male before Musa was born, so t hat Musa would not live. However, t he opposit e of what Fir` awn sought and int ended occurred. The same end st ruck Fir` awn t hat he int ended t o subj ugat e and humiliat e t he Children of Israel wit h. Allah gave vict ory t o t he Children of Israel, humiliat ed and disgraced Fir` awn, and caused him t o drown along wit h his soldiers. When Fir` awn insist ed on his evil plot against t he Children of Israel,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇タや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レΒ͡バわ∠ ∇シや ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ヴ∠シヲョ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (Musa said t o his people: "Seek help in Allah and be pat ient '') and promised t hem t hat t he good end will be t heirs and t hat t hey will prevail, saying,

ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰを⊥ ケ͡ ヲ⊥Α ヮ͡ ヤｚャ チ ∠ ∇ケΕ ∠や ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや∠ヱ びゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ゅ∠レΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レΑ͡クヱ⊥ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ("Verily, t he eart h is Allah's. He gives it as a herit age t o whom He wills of His servant s; and t he (blessed) end is for t he pious and right eous persons.'' They said: "We suffered t roubles before you came t o us, and since you have come t o us.'') The Children of Israel replied t o Musa, ` t hey (Fir` awn and his people) inflict ed humiliat ion and disgrace on us, some you wit nessed, bot h before and aft er you came t o us, O Musa'! Musa replied, reminding t hem of t heir present sit uat ion and how it will change in t he fut ure,

び∇ユミ⊥ ｚヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ぴ ("It may be t hat your Lord will dest roy your enemy. ..'') encouraging t hem t o appreciat e Allah when t he afflict ions are removed and replaced by a bount y.

リあョ ゾ ∃ ∇ボル∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レジ あ ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ∠ や￢ べ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ る⊥ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グｚ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ れ ͡ や∠ゲヨ∠ んｚ ャや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒｚ ト ｚ Α∠ る∀ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇らダ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠デ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ｚョ リ∠ョヱ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ (130. And indeed We punished t he people of Fir` awn wit h years of drought and lack of fruit s (crops), t hat t hey might remember (t ake heed).) (131. But whenever good came t o t hem, t hey said: "This is for us.'' And if evil afflict ed t hem, t hey considered it an omen about Musa and t hose wit h him. Be informed! Verily, t heir omens are wit h Allah but most of t hem know not .)

Fir` awn and His People suffer Years of Drought Allah said,

びラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ∠ や￢ べ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed We punished t he people of Fir` awn) We t est ed and t ried t hem,

びリ ∠ Β͡レジ あ ャゅ͡よぴ (wit h years of drought ) of famine due t o lit t le produce,

びれ ͡ や∠ゲヨ∠ んｚ ャや リあョ ゾ ∃ ∇ボル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and lack of fruit s), which is less severe, according t o Muj ahid. Abu Ishaq narrat ed t hat Raj a' bin Haywah said, "The dat e t ree used t o produce only one dat e!''

びる⊥ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡ヘ∠ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グｚ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (That t hey might remember (t ake heed). But whenever good came t o t hem) such as a fert ile season and provisions,

びロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (t hey said, "This is for us.''), because we deserve it ,

びる∀ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇らダ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (and if evil afflict ed t hem) drought and famine,

びヮ⊥ バ∠ ｚョ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒｚ ト ｚ Α∠ ぴ (t hey considered it an omen Musa and t hose wit h him. ) saying t hat t his hardship is because of t hem and what t hey have done.

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠デ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Verily, t heir omens are wit h Allah) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠デ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Verily, t heir omens are wit h Allah) "Allah says t hat t heir afflict ions are wit h and from Him,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but most of t hem know not .)''

ゅ∠ヨ∠プ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゅ∠ルゲ∠ エ ∠ ∇ジわ∠ ャあ る∃ Α∠ や∠￢ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ͡ゎ∇ほ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨ∇ヰ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ゅ∠プヲぁトャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠

ろ ∃ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ュ∠ ギｚ ャや∠ヱ ネ ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠ヘツ ｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ヨｚ ボ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ キ∠ や∠ゲイ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ - リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョぁ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ れ ∃ Κ ∠ダ ｚ ヘ∠ ョ∂ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ネ ⊥ ∇キや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゴ⊥ ∇ィあゲャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ノ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ゴ∠ ∇ィゲあ ャや ゅｚレ∠ハ ろ ∠ ∇ヘゼ ∠ ミ∠ リ͡ゃャ∠ ポ ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ギ∠ ヰ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ゅｚヨ∠ヤ∠プ - モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ マ ∠ バ∠ ョ∠ リ ｚ ヤ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲレ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ｚ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽレ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クま͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ピヤ͡⇒∠よ ユワ⊥ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゴ∠ ∇ィゲあ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヘゼ ∠ ミ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥んム⊥ レ∠Α (132. They said t o Musa : "What ever Ayat you may bring t o us, t o work t herewit h your sorcery on us, we shall never believe in you.'') (133. So We sent on t hem: t he Tuwfan, t he locust s, t he Qummal, t he frogs, and t he blood (as a succession of) manifest signs, yet t hey remained arrogant , and t hey were of t hose people who were criminals.) (134. And when t he punishment st ruck t hem, t hey said: "O Musa! Invoke your Lord for us because of His promise t o you. If you remove t he punishment from us, we indeed shall believe in you, and we shall let t he Children of Israel go wit h you.'') (135. But when We removed t he punishment from t hem for a fixed t erm, which t hey had t o reach, behold! They broke t heir word!)

Allah punishes the People of Fir` awn because of Their Rebellion Allah describes t he rebellion, t yranny, defiance of t he t rut h and insist ence on falsehood of t he people of Fir` awn, prompt ing t hem t o proclaim,

マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゅ∠ルゲ∠ エ ∠ ∇ジわ∠ ャあ る∃ Α∠ や∠￢ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ͡ゎ∇ほ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨ∇ヰ∠ョぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ ("What ever Ayat you may bring t o us, t o work t herewit h your sorcery on us, we shall never believe in you.'') They said, ` what ever miracle, proof and evidence you bring us, we will neit her accept it from you nor believe in you or what you came wit h.' Allah said,

びラ ∠ ゅ∠プヲぁトャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So We sent on t hem t he Tufan) Ibn ` Abbas comment ed; "It was a heavy rain t hat ruined t he produce and fruit s.'' He is also report ed t o have said t hat Tuwfan refers t o mass deat h. Muj ahid said it is wat er t hat carries t he plague every where. As for t he locust , it is t he well-known

insect , which is permissible t o eat . It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs, t hat Abu Ya` fur said t hat he asked ` Abdullah bin Abi Awfa about locust . He said, "We part icipat ed in seven bat t les wit h t he Messenger of Allah , and we used t o eat locust s.'' Ash-Shafi` i, Ahmad bin Hanbal and Ibn Maj ah recorded from ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam t hat his fat her narrat ed from Ibn ` Umar t hat t he Prophet said,

キ⊥ や∠ゲイ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥エ∇ャや :ラ ͡ ゅ∠ョキ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わわ∠ ∇Βョ∠ ゅレ∠ ャ∠ ∇ろヤｚェ ͡ ぺ⊥» «メゅ∠エト あ ャや∠ヱ ギ⊥ ら͡ ム∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (We were allowed t wo dead animals and t wo kinds of blood: fish and locust , and kidney and spleen.) Ibn Abi Naj ih narrat ed from Muj ahid about Allah's st at ement ,

びキ∠ や∠ゲイ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ゅ∠プヲぁトャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So We sent on t hem: t he flood, t he locust s ...) "Eat ing t he nails on t heir doors and leaving t he wood.'' As for t he Qummal, Ibn ` Abbas said t hat it is t he grain bug, or, according t o anot her view; small locust s t hat do not have wings. Similar was report ed from Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah and Qat adah. Al-Hasan and Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat ` Qummal' are small black insect s. Abu Ja` far bin Jarir recorded t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "When Musa came t o Fir` awn, he demanded, ` Release t he Children of Israel t o me.' But , Fir` awn did not comply; and Allah sent t he Tuwfan, and t hat is a rain which cont inued unt il t hey feared t hat it was a form of t orment . They said t o Musa, ` Invoke your Lord t o release us from t his rain, and we will believe in you and send t he Children of Israel wit h you.' Musa invoked his Lord and He removed t he afflict ion from t hem. However, t hey did not believe, nor did t hey send t he Children of Israel wit h him. In t hat year, Allah allowed (t he eart h) t o grow various t ypes of produce, fruit s and grass for t hem as never before. They said, ` This is what we hoped for.' So Allah sent t he locust s, and t he locust s st art ed t o feed on t he grass. When t hey saw t he effect t he locust s had on t he grass, t hey knew t hat no veget at ion would be saved from devast at ion. They said, ` O Musa! Invoke your Lord so t hat He will remove t he locust s from us, and we will believe in you and release t he Children of Israel t o you.' Musa invoked his Lord, and He removed t he locust s. St ill, t hey did not believe and did not send t he Children of Israel wit h him. They collect ed grains and kept t hem in t heir homes. They said, ` We saved our crops.' However, Allah sent t he Qummal, grain bugs, and one of t hem would t ake t en bags of grains t o t he mill, but only reap t hree small bags of grain. They said, ` O Musa! Ask your Lord t o remove t he Qummal (weevil) from us and we will believe in you and send t he Children of Israel wit h you.' Musa invoked his Lord, and Allah removed t he Qummal from t hem. However, t hey did not send t he Children of Israel wit h him. Once, when he was wit h Fir` awn, Musa heard t he sound of a frog and said t o Fir` awn, ` What will you and your people suffer from t his (t he frogs)' Fir` awn said, ` What can frogs do' Yet , by t he t ime t hat night arrived a person would be sit t ing in a crowd of frogs t hat reached up t o his chin and could not open his mout h t o speak wit hout a frog j umping in it . They said t o Musa, ` Invoke your Lord t o remove t hese frogs from us, and we will believe in you and send t he Children of Israel wit h you.' Musa invoked his Lord, but t hey did not believe. Allah t hen sent blood t hat filled t he rivers, wells and t he wat er cont ainers t hey had. They complained t o Fir` awn, saying, ` We are inflict ed wit h blood and do not have anyt hing t o drink.' He said, ` Musa has bewit ched you.' They said, ` How could he do t hat when whenever we look

for wat er in our cont ainers we found t hat it has t urned int o blood' They came t o Musa and said, ` Invoke your Lord t o save us from t his blood, and we will believe in you and send t he Children of Israel wit h you.' Musa invoked his Lord and t he blood st opped, but t hey did not believe nor send t he Children of Israel wit h him.'' A similar account was at t ribut ed t o Ibn ` Abbas, As-Suddi, Qat adah and several ot hers among t he Salaf. Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar said, "The enemy of Allah, Fir` awn, went back defeat ed and humiliat ed, aft er t he sorcerers believed (in Musa). He insist ed on remaining in disbelief and persist ed in wickedness. Allah sent down t he signs t o him, and he (and his people) were first inflict ed by famine. Allah t hen sent t he flood, t he locust s, t he Qummal, t he frogs t hen blood, as consecut ive signs. When Allah sent t he flood, it filled t he surface of t he eart h wit h wat er. But t he wat er level receded, and t hey could not make use of it t o t ill t he land or do anyt hing else. They became hungry. This is when,

リ͡ゃャ∠ ポ ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ギ∠ ヰ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ネ ⊥ ∇キや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ マ ∠ バ∠ ョ∠ リ ｚ ヤ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲレ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ｚ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽレ⊥ ャ∠ ゴ∠ ∇ィゲあ ャや ゅｚレ∠ハ ろ ∠ ∇ヘゼ ∠ ミ∠ びモ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ (They said: "O Musa! Invoke your Lord for us because of His promise t o you. If you remove t he punishment from us, we indeed shall believe in you, and we shall let t he Children of Israel go wit h you.'') Musa invoked his Lord and He removed t he afflict ion from t hem, but t hey did not keep t heir promises. So Allah sent locust s t hat at e t he t rees and consumed t he nails on t heir doors, unt il t he doors fell from t heir homes and residences. They again said what t hey said t o Musa before, and he called on his Lord and He removed t he afflict ion. St ill, t hey did not keep t heir promises, and Allah sent t he Qummal. Musa, peace be upon him, was commanded t o go t o a mound and st rike it wit h his st aff. So Musa went t o a huge mound, st ruck it wit h his st aff and t he Qummal fell out of it in t remendous numbers, unt il t hey overwhelmed t he houses and food reserves, ult imat ely depriving t hem of sleep and rest . When t hey suffered under t his afflict ion, t hey said similar t o what t hey said before, and Musa invoked his Lord and He removed t he afflict ion. They did not keep t heir promise and Allah sent t he frogs t o t hem, and t hey filled t he houses, foods and pot s. One of t hem would not pick up a piece of clot hing, or uncover some food, wit hout finding frogs in it . When t his afflict ion became hard on t hem, t hey made similar promises as before, Musa supplicat ed t o his Lord and Allah removed t he afflict ion. They did not keep any of t he promises t hey made, and Allah sent t he blood, and t he wat ers of t he people of Fir` awn t urned t o blood. Any wat er t hey collect ed from a well, a river, or a cont ainer, t urned t o blood.''

∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ ユあ Β∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホゲ∠ ∇ビほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヨボ∠ わ∠ ルゅ∠プぴ ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇をケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや ベ ∠ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ゼョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘバ∠ ∇ツわ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ろ ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろヨｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ミケ∠ ゅ∠よ ヴ͡わャｚや ゅ∠ヰよ∠ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ピョ∠ ヱ∠

ゅ∠ル∇ゲョｚ キ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ノ⊥ レ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥セゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ (136. So We t ook ret ribut ion from t hem. We drowned t hem in t he sea, because t hey belied Our Ayat and were heedless wit h t hem.) (137. And We made t he people who were considered weak t o inherit t he east ern part s of t he land and t he west ern part s t hereof which We have blessed. And t he fair Word of your Lord was fulfilled for t he Children of Israel, because of t heir endurance. And We dest royed what Fir` awn and his people produced, and what t hey erect ed.)

The People of Fir` awn drown in the Sea; the Children of Israel inherit the Holy Land Allah st at es t hat when t he people of Fir` awn rebelled and t ransgressed, even t hough He inflict ed t hem wit h consecut ive signs, one aft er anot her, He t ook ret ribut ion from t hem by drowning t hem in t he sea t hat Musa part ed by Allah's power, and he and t he Children of Israel passed t hrough. In t heir pursuit , Fir` awn and his soldiers went in t he sea chasing Musa and his people. When t hey all had gone inside t he wat er, t he sea closed in on t hem and t hey all drowned, because t hey belied t he Ayat of Allah and were heedless of t hem. Allah said t hat He has grant ed t he people who were considered weak, t he Children of Israel, t o inherit t he east ern and west ern part s of t he land. Al-Hasan Al-Basri and Qat adah comment ed t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ミケ∠ ゅ∠よ ヴ͡わャｚや ゅ∠ヰよ∠ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ピョ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやベ ∠ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ゼョ∠ ぴ (...t he east ern part s of t he land and t he west ern part s t hereof which We have blessed.) refers t o t he Sham area (Great er Syria). Also, Muj ahid and Ibn Jarir said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴレ∠ ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ろ ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろヨｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ (And t he fair Word of your Lord was fulfilled for t he Children of Israel, because of t heir endurance.) is explained by Allah's ot her st at ement ,

ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツわ⊥ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ｚ ヨ⊥ ルｚ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ - リ ∠ Β͡をケ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇イル∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヨｚ も͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇イル∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや

リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ン ∠ ゲ͡ ル⊥ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ ムあ ヨ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱケ∠グ∇エΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ キ∠ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヱ∠ (And We wished t o do a favor t o t hose who were weak (and oppressed) in t he land, and t o make t hem rulers and t o make t hem t he inherit ors. And t o est ablish t hem in t he land, and We let Fir` awn and Haman and t heir host s receive from t hem t hat which t hey feared) 28:5-6 . Furt her, Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ノ⊥ レ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ル∇ゲョｚ キ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We dest royed what Fir` awn and his people produced,) meaning, We dest royed what Fir` awn and his people produced, such as agricult ure and buildings.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥セゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and what t hey erect ed.) Ibn ` Abbas and Muj ahid said t hat

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥セゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ぴ (t hey erect ed) means, t hey built .

ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇や∇ヲゎ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ゲ∠ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レら∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ル∇コヲ∠ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ ぴ べ∠レャｚ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ュ∃ ゅ∠レ∇タぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘム⊥ ∇バΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヰ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ る∀ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∀モ͡ト⇒∠よ∠ヱ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅｚョ ∀ゲらｚ ∠わョ⊥ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α (138. And We brought t he Children of Israel (wit h safet y) across t he sea, and t hey came upon a people devot ed t o some of t heir idols (in worship). They said: "O Musa! Make for us a god as t hey have gods.'' He said: "Verily, you are an ignorant people.'') (139. Musa added: "Verily, t hese people will be dest royed for t hat which t hey are engaged in (idols' worship). And all t hat t hey are doing is in vain.'')

The Children of Israel safely cross the Sea, but still held on to the Idea of Idol Worshipping Allah ment ions t he words t hat t he ignorant ones among t he Children of Israel ut t ered t o Musa aft er t hey crossed t he sea and wit nessed Allah's Ayat and great power.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ュ∃ ゅ∠レ∇タぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘム⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇や∇ヲゎ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (And t hey came upon a people devot ed t o some of t heir idols (in worship).) Some scholars of Tafsir said t hat t he people ment ioned here were from Canaan, or from t he t ribe of Lakhm. Ibn Jarir comment ed, "They were worshipping idols t hat t hey made in t he shape of cows, and t his influenced t he Children of Israel lat er when t hey worshipped t he calf. They said here,

∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ る∀ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ べ∠レャｚ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヰ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ("O Musa! Make for us a god as t hey have gods.'' He said: "Verily, you are an ignorant people.'') Musa replied, you are ignorant of Allah's great ness and maj est y and His purit y from any part ners or anyt hing resembling Him.

びヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅｚョ ∀ゲらｚ ∠わョ⊥ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ("Verily, t hese people will be dest royed for t hat which t hey are engaged in) t hey will perish,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ モ ∠ト ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ("and all t hat t hey are doing is in vain.'') Comment ing on t his Ayah, Imam Abu Ja` far bin Jarir report ed from Abu Waqid Al-Layt hi t hat t hey (t he Companions) went out from Makkah wit h t he Messenger of Allah for (t he bat t le of) Hunayn. Abu Waqid said, "Some of t he disbelievers had a lot e t ree whose vicinit y t hey used t o remain in, and upon which t hey would hang t heir weapons on. That t ree was called ` Dhat Al-Anwat '. So when we passed by a huge, green lot e t ree, we said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Appoint for us a Dhat Al-Anwat as t hey have.' He said,

ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヨ∠ミ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ » :ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨャ͡ (by He in Whose Hand is my soul! You said j ust as what t he people of Musa said t o him:

∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ る∀ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ べ∠レャｚ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィやぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヰ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∀モ͡ト⇒∠よ∠ヱ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅｚョ ∀ゲらｚ ∠わョ⊥ ￢Γ⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ び-∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ( ("Make for us a god as t hey have gods.'' He said: "Verily, you are an ignorant people. Verily, t hese people will be dest royed for t hat which t hey are engaged in, and all t hat t hey are doing is in vain.''))''

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠ツ ｚ プ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ピ∇よぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ラ ∠ ヲ∠ハ∇ゲプ͡ メ ͡ や∠￢ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠イ∇ル∠ぺ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわあ ボ∠ Α⊥ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ ヲ⊥シ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ジΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∀￢Κ∠よ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ヶ͡プヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ジル͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥Β∇エわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ (140. He said: "Shall I seek for you an ilah (a god) ot her t han Allah, while He has given you superiorit y over t he nat ions.'') (141. And (remember) when We rescued you from Fir` awn's people, who were afflict ing you wit h t he worst t orment , killing your sons and let t ing your women live. And in t hat was a great t rial from your Lord.)

Reminding the Children of Israel of Allah's Blessings for Them Musa reminded t he Children of Israel of Allah's blessings, such as saving t hem from Fir` awn, his t yranny and t he humiliat ion and disgrace t hey suffered. He reminded t hem of t he glory and revenge against t heir enemy, when t hey wat ched t hem suffering in disgrace, dest royed by drowning and meet ing ut t er demise. We ment ioned t his subj ect in t he Tafsir of Surat AlBaqarah.

ユｚ わ∠ プ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ゼバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ワゅ∠レ∇ヨヨ∠ ∇ゎぺ∠ヱ∠ る⇔ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ん⇒∠ヤを∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠ル∇ギ∠ハ∠ヱ∠ヱぴ ヮ͡ Β͡カΙ ６ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ る⇔ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ボΒ͡ョ モ ∠ Β͡らシ ∠ ∇ノら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ウヤ͡∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ョ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ͡プ ヴ͡レ∇ヘヤ⊥∇カや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ びリ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや (142. And We appoint ed for Musa t hirt y night s and added t en, and he complet ed t he t erm, appoint ed by his Lord, of fort y night s. And Musa said t o his brot her Harun: "Replace me among my people, act in t he right way and follow not t he way of t he mischief-makers.'')

Musa fasts and worships Allah for Forty Days Allah reminds t he Children of Israel of t he guidance t hat He sent t o t hem by speaking direct ly t o Musa and revealing t he Tawrah t o him. In it , was t heir law and t he det ails of t heir legislat ion. Allah st at ed here t hat He appoint ed t hirt y night s for Musa. The scholars of Tafsir said t hat Musa fast ed t his period, and when t hey ended, Musa cleaned his t eet h wit h a t wig. Allah commanded him t o complet e t he t erm adding t en more days, making t he t ot al fort y. When t he appoint ed t erm finished, Musa was about t o ret urn t o Mount Tur, as Allah said,

∇ユミ⊥ あヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ギホ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レら∠ Αぴ びリ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ΑΙ ｘ や ケ͡ ヲぁトャや ょ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ィ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ギハ ∠ や∠ヱヱ∠ (O Children of Israel! We delivered you from your enemy, and We made a covenant wit h you on t he right side of t he Mount ) 20:80 . Musa left his brot her Harun wit h t he Children of Israel and commanded him t o use wisdom and refrain from mischief. This was only a reminder, for Harun was an honorable and noble Prophet who had grace and exalt ed st andard wit h Allah, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him and t he rest of t he Prophet s.

ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚミ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠ボΒ͡ヨャ͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルや リ ͡ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヴ͡ルや∠ゲゎ∠ リ∠ャ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡ルケ͡ ぺ∠ ヴｚヤイ ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ヴ͡ルや∠ゲゎ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ ゲｚ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ラ ͡ み͡プ∠ モ ͡ ら∠ イ ∠ ∇ャや

べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ボバ͡ タ ∠ ヴ∠シヲョ ゲｚ カ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ６ミキ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ モ ͡ ら∠ イ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇らゎ⊥ マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ベ ∠ ゅ∠プぺ∠ (143. And when Musa came at t he t ime and place appoint ed by Us, and his Lord (Allah) spoke t o him; he said: "O my Lord! Show me (Yourself), t hat I may look upon You.'' Allah said: "You cannot see Me, but look upon t he mount ain; if it st ands st ill in it s place t hen you shall see Me.'' So when his Lord appeared t o t he mount ain, He made it collapse t o dust , and Musa fell down unconscious. Then when he recovered his senses he said: "Glory be t o You, I t urn t o You in repent ance and I am t he first of t he believers.'')

Musa asks to see Allah Allah said t hat when Musa came for His appoint ment and spoke t o Him direct ly, he asked t o see Him,

びヴ͡ルや∠ゲゎ∠ リ∠ャ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡ルケ͡ ぺ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ ("O my Lord! Show me (Yourself), t hat I may look upon You.'' Allah said: "You cannot see Me,'') ` You cannot ' (Lan) by no means indicat es t hat seeing Allah will never occur, as (t he misguided sect of) Al-Mu` t azilah claimed. The Hadit hs of Mut awat ir grade narrat ed from t he Messenger of Allah, affirm t hat t he believers will see Allah in t he Hereaft er. We will ment ion t hese Hadit hs under t he explanat ion of Allah's st at ement ,

び り∀ ゲ∠ ニ ͡ ゅ∠ル ゅ∠ヰよあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ - り∀ ゲ∠ ッ ͡ ゅｚル グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ぴ (Some faces t hat Day shall be radiant . Looking at t heir Lord.) 75:22-23 In earlier Script ures, it was report ed t hat Allah said t o Musa, "O Musa! No living soul sees Me, but will perish, and no solid but will be demolished.'' Allah said here,

ヴ∠シヲョ ゲｚ カ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ６ミキ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ モ ͡ ら∠ イ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヴｚヤイ ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ボバ͡ タ ∠ (So when his Lord appeared t o t he mount ain, He made it collapse t o dust , and Musa fell down unconscious.) In his Musnad Imam Ahmad recorded from Anas bin Malik t hat t he Prophet said about Allah's saying;

びモ ͡ ら∠ イ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヴｚヤイ ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (And when his Lord appeared t o t he mount ain, )

«やグムワ» (Like t his) t hen he held out t he t ip of his lit t le finger. At -Tirmidhi recorded t his in t he chapt er of Tafsir for t his Ayah, t hen he said; "This Hadit h is Hasan Sahih Gharib.'' This was also recorded by Al-Hakim in his Must adrak t hrough t he rout e of Hamad bin Salamah, and he said; "This Hadit h is Sahih according t o t he crit eria of Muslim and t hey did not record it .'' And As-Suddi report ed t hat ` Ikrimah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas about Allah's saying,

びモ ͡ ら∠ イ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヴｚヤイ ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (And when his Lord appeared t o t he mount ain,) Only t he ext ent of t he lit t le finger appeared from Him,

びゅ６ミキ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ぴ (He made it collapse) as dust ;

びゅ⇔ボバ͡ タ ∠ ヴ∠シヲョ ゲｚ カ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Musa fell down unconscious) faint ing from it . Ibn Jarir recorded t hese because of t he relat ion t o t he word Al-Ghashi.

びベ ∠ ゅ∠プぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then when he (Musa) recovered his senses) aft er he lost consciousness,

びマ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (he said: "Glory be t o You,'') t hus, praising, glorifying and honoring Allah since no living soul could see Him in t his life and remain alive. Musa' st at ement ,

びマ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇らゎ⊥ ぴ ("I t urn t o You in repent ance'') means, according t o Muj ahid, t hat from asking you t o look at you,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

("and I am t he first of t he believers.''), among t he Children of Israel, according t o Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, and Ibn Jarir preferred t his view. Or, according t o anot her narrat ion from Ibn ` Abbas, t he meaning of,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ("and I am t he first of t he believers.''), is t hat ` none shall see You (in t his life).' Allah said,

びゅ⇔ボバ͡ タ ∠ ヴ∠シヲョ ゲｚ カ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Musa fell down unconscious.) Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri and Abu Hurayrah narrat ed a Hadit h from t he Prophet t hat is suit able t o ment ion here. As for t he Hadit h from Abu Sa` id, Al-Bukhari recorded in his Sahih t hat he said: A Jew came t o t he Prophet aft er his face was smacked, and said, "O Muhammad! One of your companions from Al-Ansar smacked me on t he face.'' The Prophet said,

«ロヲ⊥ハ∇キや» (Summon him) and he was summoned. The Prophet asked him,

«∨⊥ヮヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヨト ∠ ャ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡» (Why did you smack his face) He said, "O Allah's Messenger! I passed by t hat Jew and heard him swearing, ` No, by He Who has chosen Musa over mankind!' I said, ` Over Muhammad t oo', and I became angry and st ruck his face.'' The Prophet said,

サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヶ͡ルヱ⊥ゲΒあ ガ ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ペΒ͡ヘΑ⊥ ∇リョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ミほ∠プ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボバ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩͡ス∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ユ͡ も͡ や∠ヲホ∠ ∇リョ͡ る∃ ヨ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ボよ͡ ∀グ͡カへ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨよ͡ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ «ケヲぁトャや る͡ ボ∠ ∇バダ ∠ よ͡ ヵ ∠ コ͡ ヲ⊥ィ ∇ュぺ∠ ヶ͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ ベ ∠ ゅ∠プぺ∠ ヵ͡ケ∇キぺ∠ (Do not prefer me above t he Prophet s. Verily, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, people will be st ruck unconscious, and I (feel t hat I) am t he first t o wake up. Thereupon I will find t hat Musa is holding ont o a pillar of t he Throne (` Arsh of Allah). I will not know if he woke up before me or he received his due (because of his) unconsciousness on (Mount ) At -Tur.) Al-Bukhari recorded t his Hadit h in many locat ions of his Sahih, as did Muslim and Abu Dawud. As for t he Hadit h from

Abu Hurayrah, Imam Ahmad and t he Two Shaykhs (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) collect ed his narrat ion.

サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇Βヘ∠ ト ∠ ∇タや ヴ∇ルま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ リ ∠ ョあ ∇リミ⊥ ヱ∠ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や￢ べ∠ョ ∇グガ ⊥ プ∠ ヶ͡ヨ⇒∠ヤム∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ヶ͡わ⇒∠ヤ⇒∠シゲ͡ よ͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゥ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャや ∇ゲョ⊥ ∇ぺヱ∠ り∃ ヲｚ ボ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ワ∇グガ ⊥ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ モ あ ム⊥ ャあ Κ ⇔ Β͡ダ∇ヘゎ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヌ ∠ハ ͡ ∇ヲョｚ びリ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ケ∠ や∠キ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ケ∇ヱほ⊥シ ∠ ゅ∠ヰレ͡ ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ マ ∠ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ (144. (Allah) said: "O Musa I have chosen you above men by My Messages, and by My speaking (t o you). So hold t hat which I have given you and be of t he grat eful.'') (145. And We wrot e for him on t he Tablet s t he exhort at ion all t hings and t he explanat ion for all t hings (and said): Hold unt o t hese wit h firmness, and enj oin your people t o t ake t he bet t er t herein. I shall show you t he home of t he rebellious.)

Allah chooses Musa and gives Him the Tablets Allah st at es t hat He spoke t o Musa direct ly and informed him t hat He has chosen him above t he people of his t ime, by His Message and by speaking t o him. Here we should ment ion t hat t here is no doubt t hat Muhammad is t he chief of all t he Children of Adam, t he earlier and lat er ones among t hem. This is why Allah has chosen him t o be t he Final and Last Prophet and Messenger, whose Law shall remain dominant and valid unt il t he commencement of t he Last Hour. Muhammad's followers are more numerous t han t he followers of all Prophet s and Messengers. Aft er Muhammad , t he next in rank of honor and virt ue is Ibrahim upon him be peace,, t hen Musa, son of ` Imran, who spoke t o t he Most Beneficent direct ly. Allah commanded Musa, saying,

びマ ∠ わ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や￢ べ∠ョ ∇グガ ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (So hold t o t hat which I have given you), of My Speech and conversat ion wit h you,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇リミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and be of t he grat eful) , for it and do not ask for what is beyond your capacit y t o bear. Allah st at ed t hat He has writ t en lessons and exhort at ion for all t hings and explanat ions for all t hings on t he Tablet s. It was said t hat in t he Tablet s, Allah wrot e advice and t he det ails of t he commandment s for lawful and prohibit ed mat t ers. The Tablet s cont ained t he Tawrah, t hat Allah described;

ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ べ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びサ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ゲ∠ も͡ べ∠ダよ∠ ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや (And indeed We gave Musa -- aft er We had dest royed t he generat ions of old -- t he Script ure as an enlight enment for mankind) 28: 43 . It was also said t hat Allah gave Musa t he Tablet s before t he Tawrah, and Allah knows best . Allah said next ,

びり∃ ヲｚ ボ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ワ∇グガ ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (Hold unt o t hese wit h firmness), be firm on t he obedience,

びゅ∠ヰレ͡ ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ マ ∠ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ゲョ⊥ ∇ぺヱ∠ ぴ (and enj oin your people t o t ake t he bet t er t herein.) Sufyan bin ` Uyaynah said, "Abu Sa` d narrat ed t o us from ` Ikrimah from Ibn ` Abbas t hat "Musa, peace be upon him, was commanded t o adhere t o t he t oughest of what was ordained on his people.'' Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ケ∠ や∠キ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ケ∇ヱほ⊥シ ∠ぴ (I shall show you t he home of t he rebellious), means, you will wit ness t he recompense of t hose who defy My order and deviat e from My obedience, t he dest ruct ion, demise and ut t er loss t hey will suffer.

ヶ͡プ ∠ラヱ⊥ゲらｚ ∠ム∠わ∠Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヶ͡わ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リハ ∠ フ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇タほ∠シ ∠ぴ Ι ｚ る∃ Α∠ や∠￢ ｚモミ⊥ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΕ ∠や ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚΑ∠ Ι ∠ ギ͡ ∇セゲぁ ャや モ ∠ Β͡らシ ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠Α ヴ あ ピ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ Β͡らシ ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ ∇モワ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ろト ∠ ら͡ ェ ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ￢͡ べ∠ボャ͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イΑ⊥

(146. I shall t urn away from My Ayat t hose who behave arrogant ly on t he eart h, wit hout a right , and (even) if t hey see all t he Ayat , t hey will not believe in t hem. And if t hey see t he way of right eousness, t hey will not adopt it as t he way, but if t hey see t he way of error, t hey will adopt t hat way, t hat is because t hey have rej ect ed Our Ayat and were heedless of t hem.) (147. Those who deny Our Ayat and t he meet ing in t he Hereaft er, vain are t heir deeds. Are t hey requit ed wit h anyt hing except what t hey used t o do)

Arrogant People will be deprived of Allah's Ayat Allah said,

ヶ͡プ ∠ラヱ⊥ゲらｚ ∠ム∠わ∠Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヶ͡わ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リハ ∠ フ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇タほ∠シ ∠ぴ びペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΕ ∠や (I shall t urn away from My Ayat t hose who behave arrogant ly on t he eart h, wit hout a right ). Allah says, "I shall deprive t he heart s of t hose who are t oo proud t o obey Me, and arrogant wit h people wit hout right , from underst anding t he signs and proofs t hat t est ify t o My Might , Law and Commandment s.'' And j ust as t hey act ed arrogant ly wit hout j ust ificat ion, Allah has disgraced t hem wit h ignorance. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ ょ ⊥ あヤボ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びり∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ (And We shall t urn t heir heart s and t heir eyes away (from guidance), as t hey refused t o believe t herein for t he first t ime) 6:110 , and,

び∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや パ ∠ や∠コぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ビや∠コ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (So when t hey t urned away (from t he pat h of Allah), Allah t urned t heir heart s away (from t he right pat h).) 61:5 Sufyan bin ` Uyaynah comment ed on t his Ayah,

ヶ͡プ ∠ラヱ⊥ゲらｚ ∠ム∠わ∠Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヶ͡わ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リハ ∠ フ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇タほ∠シ ∠ぴ びペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΕ ∠や (I shall t urn away from My Ayat t hose who behave arrogant ly on t he eart h, wit hout a right ), "(Allah says) I shall snat ch away comprehension of t he Qur'an from t hem and t urn t hem away from My Ayat . '' Ibn Jarir comment ed on Sufyan's st at ement t hat , "This indicat es t hat t his part of t he Ayah is addressed t o t his Ummah.'' This is not necessarily t rue, for Ibn ` Uyaynah act ually

meant t hat t his occurs in every Ummah and t hat t here is no difference bet ween one Ummah and anot her Ummah in t his regard. Allah knows best . Allah said next ,

びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ る∃ Α∠ や￢∠ ｚモミ⊥ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (and (even) if t hey see all t he Ayat , t hey will not believe in t hem). Allah said in a similar Ayah,

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ユ∠ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る∃ Α∠ や￢ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ (Truly, t hose, against whom t he Word (wrat h) of your Lord has been j ust ified, will not believe. Even if every sign should come t o t hem, unt il t hey see t he painful t orment .) 10:96-97 Allah's st at ement ,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠Α Ι ∠ ギ͡ ∇セゲぁ ャや モ ∠ Β͡らシ ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if t hey see t he way of right eousness, t hey will not adopt it as t he way,) means, even if t he way of guidance and safet y appears before t hem, t hey will not t ake it , but if t he way t hat leads t o dest ruct ion and misguidance appears t o t hem, t hey adopt t hat way. Allah explains why t hey do t his,

びゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (t hat is because t hey have rej ect ed Our Ayat ), in t heir heart s,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and were heedless of t hem.), gaining no lessons from t he Ayat . Allah's st at ement ,

∇ろト ∠ ら͡ ェ ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ￢͡ べ∠ボャ͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ (Those who deny Our Ayat and t he meet ing in t he Hereaft er, vain are t heir deeds.) indicat es t hat whoever among t hem does t his, remaining on t his pat h unt il deat h, t hen all his deeds will be in vain. Allah said next ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ぴ (Are t hey requit ed wit h anyt hing except what t hey used t o do) meaning, ` We only recompense t hem according t o t he deeds t hat t hey performed, good for good and evil for evil. Surely, as you bring fort h, you reap t he harvest t hereof.'

Κ ⇔ ∇イハ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ Βあ ヤ͡ェ ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤム∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∀ケや∠ヲカ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚャ や⇔ギ∠ジィ ∠ ゅｚヨ∠ャ∠ヱ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グ∠ガゎｚ や Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ͡ゃャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ヴ∠プ テ ∠ ボ͡ シ ⊥ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムレ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ (148. And t he people of Musa made in his absence, out of t heir ornament s, t he image of a calf (for worship). It had a sound. Did t hey not see t hat it could neit her speak t o t hem nor guide t hem t o t he way They t ook it (for worship) and t hey were wrongdoers.) (149. And when t hey regret t ed and saw t hat t hey had gone ast ray, t hey said: "If our Lord have not mercy upon us and forgive us, we shall cert ainly be of t he losers'')

Story of worshipping the Calf Allah describes t he misguidance of t hose who worshipped t he calf t hat As-Samiri made for t hem from t he ornament s t hey borrowed from t he Copt s. He made t he shape of a calf wit h t hese ornament s and t hrew in it a handful of dust from t he t race of t he horse t hat t he Angel Jibril was riding, and t he calf seemed t o moo. This occurred aft er Musa went for t he appoint ed t erm wit h his Lord, where Allah t old him about what happened when he was on Mount Tur. Allah said about His Honorable Self,

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤｚッ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ゅｚレわ∠ プ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅｚルみ͡プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びン ぁ ゲ͡ ョ͡ ゅｚジャや ((Allah) said: "Verily, We have t ried your people in your absence, and As-Samiri has led t hem ast ray'') 20:85 . The scholars of Tafsir have different views over t he calf, whet her it act ually became alive and mooing, or if it remained made of gold, but t he air ent ering it made it appear t o be mooing. These are t wo opinions. Allah knows best . It was report ed t hat when t he st at ue mooed, t he Jews st art ed dancing around it and fell int o misguidance because t hey adored it . They said t hat t his, t he calf, is your god and t he god of Musa, but Musa forgot it ! Allah answered t hem,

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ノ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び ゅ⇔バ∇ヘル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ッ ∠ (Did t hey not see t hat it could not ret urn t hem a word (for answer), and t hat it had neit her power t o harm t hem nor t o do t hem good) 20:89 . Allah said here,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ∇ユ͡ヰΑ͡ギ∇ヰ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤム∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Did t hey not see t hat it could neit her speak t o t hem nor guide t hem t o t he way) Allah condemned t he Jews for falling int o misguidance, worshipping t he calf and ignoring t he Creat or of t he heavens and eart h, t he Lord and King of all t hings. They worshipped besides Him a st at ue made in t he shape of a calf, t hat seemed t o moo, but it neit her spoke t o t hem nor brought t hem any benefit . Rat her, t heir very sense of reason was blinded because of ignorance and misguidance. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ヴ∠プ テ ∠ ボ͡ シ ⊥ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t hey regret t ed), and felt sorrow for t heir act ion,

ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ͡ゃャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムレ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ (and saw t hat t hey had gone ast ray, t hey said: "If our Lord have not mercy upon us and forgive us, we will cert ainly become among t he losers.'') or among t he dest royed ones. This was t heir recognit ion of t heir sin and t heir way of seeking salvat ion from Allah t he Most Might y and Maj est ic.

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔ヘシ ͡ ぺ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ら∇ツビ ∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ノ∠ ィ ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤイ ͡ハ ∠ ぺ∠ ン͡ギ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ヨジ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ロ⊥ ぁゲイ ⊥ Α∠ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ サ ͡ ∇ぺゲ∠ よ͡ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゥ ∠ や∠ヲ∇ャΕ ∠ や ヴ∠ボ∇ャ∠ぺ∠ヱ ヴ͡レル∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ヘバ∠ ∇ツわ∠ ∇シや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ｚュぺ⊥ リ ∠ ∇よや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ￢∠ へ∠ギ∇ハΕ ∠や ヴ ∠ よ͡ ∇ろヨ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠

ゅ∠レ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡カΕ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや びリ ∠ Β͡ヨェ ͡ ゲ∠ ャや ユ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ マ ∠ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヶ͡プ (150. And when Musa ret urned t o his people, angry and grieved, he said: "What an evil t hing is t hat which you have done during my absence. Did you hast en in mat t er of your Lord'' And he t hrew down t he Tablet s and seized his brot her by (t he hair of) his head and dragged him t owards him. He (Harun) said: "O son of my mot her! Indeed t he people j udged me weak and were about t o kill me, so make not t he enemies rej oice over me, nor put me among t he people who are wrongdoers.'') (151. He (Musa) said: "O my Lord! Forgive me and my brot her, and admit us int o Your mercy, for You are t he Most Merciful of t hose who show mercy.'') Allah st at es t hat when Musa ret urned t o his people aft er conversat ion wit h his Lord, he became angry and full of regret . Abu Ad-Darda' said t hat Asif, or regret , is t he severest t ype of anger.

びン͡ギ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ヨジ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He (Musa) said: "What an evil t hing is t hat which you have done during my absence.'') evil it is t hat which you commit t ed aft er I depart ed and left you, by worshiping t he calf,

び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤイ ͡ハ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Did you hast en in t he mat t er of your Lord) Musa said, ` You want ed me t o rush back t o you, even t hough being t here t his was Allah's decision' Allah said next ,

びヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ロ⊥ ぁゲイ ⊥ Α∠ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ サ ͡ ∇ぺゲ∠ よ͡ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゥ ∠ や∠ヲ∇ャΕ ∠ や ヴ∠ボ∇ャ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (And he t hrew down t he Tablet s and seized his brot her by his head and dragged him t owards him.) This Ayah demonst rat es t he meaning of t he Hadit h,

«る∠レ∠Αゅ∠バヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ガ ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠» (Informat ion is not t he same as observat ion.) It indicat es t hat Musa t hrew down t he Tablet s because he was angry at his people, according t o t he maj orit y of scholars of early and lat t er t imes. Allah said,

びヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ロ⊥ ぁゲイ ⊥ Α∠ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ サ ͡ ∇ぺゲ∠ よ͡ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and seized his brot her by (t he hair of) his head and dragged him t owards him.) for Musa feared t hat Harun might have not t ried hard enough t o forbid t hem from t heir evil act ion. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,

Ι ｚ ぺ∠ - ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇クま͡ マ ∠ バ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ヰΑ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ∇グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ュｚ ぽ⊥ レ∠ ∇らΑ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ン͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βダ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ リ ͡ バ∠ ら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ホゲｚ プ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ろ ⊥ Β͡ゼカ ∠ ヴあルま͡ ヴ͡シ∇ぺゲ∠ よ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡わΒ∠ ∇エヤ͡よ͡ び ヴ͡ャ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ょホ⊥ ∇ゲゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ .(He Musa said: "O Harun ! What prevent ed you when you saw t hem going ast ray. That you followed me not (according t o my advice t o you) Have you t hen disobeyed my order'' He Harun said: "O son of my mot her! Seize (me) not by my beard, nor by my head! Verily, I feared lest you should say: ` You have caused a division among t he Children of Israel, and you have not respect ed (wait ed or observed) my word!''') 20:92-94 . Here, Allah said t hat Harun said,

ヴ͡レル∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ヘバ∠ ∇ツわ∠ ∇シや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ｚュぺ⊥ リ ∠ ∇よやぴ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ￢∠ へ∠ギ∇ハΕ ∠や ヴ ∠ よ͡ ∇ろヨ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ("O son of my mot her! Indeed t he people j udged me weak and were about t o kill me, so make not t he enemies rej oice over me, nor put me among t he people who are wrongdoers.'') Harun said, ` Do not place me on t he same level as t hey are, as if I was one of t hem.' Furt her, Harun said, ` O son of my mot her', so t hat Musa would feel more mercy and leniency t owards him, even t hough Harun was also t he son of Musa's fat her. When Musa was sat isfied t hat his brot her was innocent ,

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ͡わプ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び ン͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ (And Harun indeed had said t o t hem beforehand: "O my people! You are being t ried in t his, and verily, your Lord is (Allah) t he Most Gracious, so follow me and obey my order.'') 20:90 , t his is when,

びメ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (he said) Musa,

マ ∠ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤ͡カ∇キ∠ぺ∠ヱ ヴ͡カΕ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨェ ͡ ゲ∠ ャや ユ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ("O my Lord! Forgive me and my brot her, and admit us int o Your mercy, for you are t he Most Merciful of t hose who show mercy.'') Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇カぺ∠ ゲ͡ ら͡ ∇ガヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ リ ⊥ Α͡ ゅ∠バヨ⊥ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ » ペ ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ やヲ⊥レわ͡ プ⊥ ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ «ゥや∠ヲ∇ャほ∠∇ャや ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ハヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ へ∠ケ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ゥ ∠ や∠ヲ∇ャほ∠∇ャや (May Allah grant His mercy t o Musa! Surely, he who observes somet hing is not hing like he who is informed about it . His Lord, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, t old him t hat his people were t est ed aft er him, but he did not t hrow t he Tablet s. When he saw t hem wit h his eyes, t hen he t hrew t he Tablet s.)

リあョ ょ ∀ ツ ∠ ビ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠レΒ∠ シ ∠ モ ∠ ∇イバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ンゴ͡ ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲΒ∠エ∇ャや ヴ͡プ る∀ ャｚク͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ ｚユを⊥ れ ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲわ∠ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ケ∀ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ワ͡ギ∇バ∠よ リ͡ョ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワ͡ギ∇バ∠よ (152. Cert ainly, t hose who t ook t he calf (for worship), wrat h from t heir Lord and humiliat ion will come upon t hem in t he life of t his world. Thus do We recompense t hose who invent lies.) (153. But t hose who commit t ed evil deeds and t hen repent ed aft erwards and believed, verily, your Lord aft er (all) t hat is indeed Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) The ` wrat h' ment ioned here t hat st ruck t he Children of Israel because of t heir worshipping t he calf , means, Allah did not accept t heir repent ance unt il some of t hem who did not worship t he calf killed ot hers who worshipped t he calf . We ment ioned t his st ory in Surat Al-Baqarah,

∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠よ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥よヲ⊥わプ∠ ぴ びユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゆ ⊥ やｚヲわｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠わプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠よ ギ∠ レ͡ハ

(So t urn in repent ance t o your Creat or and kill yourselves (t he guilt y), t hat will be bet t er for you before your Creat or.'' Then He accept ed your repent ance. Truly, He is t he One Who accept s repent ance, t he Most Merciful.) 2:54 As for t he humiliat ion ment ioned in t he Ayah, it pert ains t o t he disgrace and humiliat ion t hat t he Jews suffered in t he life of t his world. Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲわ∠ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Thus do We recompense t hose who invent lies) is for all t hose who invent an innovat ion (in religion). Surely, t he disgrace result ing from invent ing an innovat ion (in religion) and defying Allah's Message, will be placed in t he heart and from t here on t o t he shoulders. Al-Hasan AlBasri said; "The disgrace of innovat ion will weigh on t heir shoulders even if t hey were t o gallop on t heir mules or t rot on t heir work horses.'' Ayyub As-Sakht iyani narrat ed from Abu Qilabah AlJarmi t hat he comment ed on t his Ayah,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲわ∠ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Thus do We recompense t hose who invent lies.) "By Allah! This Ayah is for all t hose who invent a lie, unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion.'' Also, Sufyan bin ` Uyaynah said, "Every person who invent s a Bid` ah (innovat ion in t he religion) will t ast e disgrace.''Allah t ells His servant s t hat He accept s repent ance from His servant s for any sin, even Shirk, Kufr, hypocrisy and disobedience. Allah said:

ゅ∠ワ͡ギ∇バ∠よ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ ｚユを⊥ れ ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ びマ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ (But t hose who commit t ed evil deeds and t hen repent ed aft erwards and believed, verily, your Lord) O Muhammad, Messenger of Repent ance and Prophet of Mercy,

びゅ∠ワ͡ギ∇バ∠よ リョ͡ ぴ (aft er t hat ) aft er commit t ing t hat evil act ion,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ケ∀ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ャ∠ぴ (is indeed Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) Ibn Abi Hat im report ed t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud was asked about a man commit t ing fornicat ion wit h a woman and t hen marrying her, and Ibn Mas` ud recit ed t his Ayah,

ゅ∠ワ͡ギ∇バ∠よ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ ｚユを⊥ れ ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ケ∀ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ワ͡ギ∇バ∠よ リ͡ョ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ (But t hose who commit t ed evil deeds and t hen repent ed aft erwards and believed, verily, your Lord aft er (all) t hat is indeed Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) ` Abdullah recit ed t his Ayah t en t imes, neit her allowing nor disallowing it .

ゥ ∠ や∠ヲ∇ャΙ ｘ や グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ょ ⊥ ツ ∠ ピ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠シヲぁョ リ∠ハ ろ ∠ ム∠ シ ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ゅ∠ヰわ͡ ガ ∠ ∇ジル⊥ ヴ͡プヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ (154. And when t he anger of Musa calmed, he t ook up t he Tablet s; and in t heir inscript ion was guidance and mercy for t hose who fear t heir Lord.)

Musa picked up the Tablets when His Anger subsided Allah said next ,

びろ ∠ ム∠ シ ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And when calmed) and subsided,

びょ ⊥ ツ ∠ ピ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠シヲぁョ リ∠ハぴ (t he anger of Musa) wit h his people,

びゥ ∠ や∠ヲ∇ャΙ ｘ や グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (he t ook up t he Tablet s), which he had t hrown out of j ealousy for Allah and anger for His sake, because of his people worshipping t he calf,

∇ユヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ゅ∠ヰわ͡ ガ ∠ ∇ジル⊥ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠

(and in t heir inscript ion was guidance and mercy for t hose who fear t heir Lord.) Several scholars of Tafsir said t hat when Musa t hrew t he Tablet s on t he ground t hey were shat t ered and he collect ed t he pieces aft erwards. Musa found in it s inscript ion guidance and mercy, but t he specific det ails of t he Law was lost , so t hey said. They also claimed t hat t he shat t ered pieces of t he Tablet s st ill remained in t he t reasury safes of some Israelit e kings unt il t he Islamic St at e came int o exist ence. Only Allah knows if t hese st at ement s are t rue.

ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠ボΒ͡ヨャあ Κ ⇔ィ ⊥ ケ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ケ∠ ゅ∠わ∇カや∠ヱぴ リあョ ユ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ヲャ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ る⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ィｚゲャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ∇ラま͡ べｚレ͡ョ ￢⊥ べ∠ヰヘ∠ ジ ぁ ャや モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ∠レム⊥ ヤ͡∇ヰゎ⊥ ぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ⇒ｚΑま͡ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰゎ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ぁモツ ͡ ゎ⊥ マ ∠ わ⊥ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プ ゅ∠レΒぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ヶ͡プヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ょわ⊥ ∇ミや∠ヱ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ピ∇ャや ∇リョ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ょ ⊥ Β͡タぺ⊥ ヴ͡よや∠グハ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ⇒∠ル∇ギワ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ゅ∠ヰら⊥ わ⊥ ∇ミほ∠ジ ∠ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ∇ろバ∠ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ヴ͡わヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠セぺ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ユ⊥ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ り∠ ヲ⇒∠ミゴｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ (155. And Musa chose out of his people sevent y (of t he best ) men for Our appoint ed t ime and place of meet ing, and when t hey were seized wit h a violent eart hquake, he said: "O my Lord, if it had been Your Will, You could have dest royed t hem and me before; would You dest roy us for t he deeds of t he foolish among us It is only Your t rial by which You lead ast ray whom You will, and keep guided whom You will. You are our prot ect or, so forgive us and have mercy on us: for You are t he best of t hose who forgive.) (156. "And ordain for us good in t his world, and in t he Hereaft er. Cert ainly we have Hudna unt o You.'' He said: (As t o) My punishment I afflict t herewit h whom I will and My mercy embraces all t hings. That (mercy) I shall ordain for t hose who have Taqwa, and give Zakah; and t hose who believe in Our Ayat .)

Seventy Men from the Children of Israel go for the appointed Meeting Place that Allah designated, Allah later on destroys Them Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed; "Allah commanded Musa t o choose sevent y men. So he chose t hem and proceeded wit h t hem in order t hat t hey supplicat e t o t heir Lord. Their supplicat ion included asking Allah, ` O Allah! Give us what you have never given

anyone before us and will never give anyone aft er us!' Allah disliked t his supplicat ion and t hey were seized wit h a violent eart hquake, Musa said:

びヴ ∠ ⇒ｚΑま͡ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ヲャ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ ("O my Lord, if it had been Your will, You could have dest royed t hem and me before.)''' AsSuddi said, "Allah commanded Musa t o come wit h t hirt y men from t he Children of Israel, apologizing for worshipping t he calf; and He gave t hem an appoint ed t ime and place.

びΚ ⇔ィ ⊥ ケ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ケ∠ ゅ∠わ∇カや∠ヱぴ (And Musa chose out of his people sevent y (of t he best ) men.) He chose t hese men and went along wit h t hem so t hat t hey could apologize. When t hey reached t he appoint ed place, t hey said,

びマ ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャぴ (We shall never believe in you), 2:55 ` O Musa,

びり⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ン∠ゲル∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il we see Allah plainly, ) for you spoke t o Him,' t hey said, ` t herefore, show Him t o us,'

びる⊥ ボ∠ バ͡ ⇒ｚダャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (but t hey were st ruck wit h a bolt of light ning) 4:153 and t hey died. Musa st ood up crying, invoking Allah, ` O Lord! What should I t ell t he Children of Israel, when I go back t o t hem aft er You dest royed t heir best men'

びヴ ∠ ⇒ｚΑま͡ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ヲャ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ ("O my Lord, if it had been Your will, You could have dest royed t hem and me before'').''' Muhammad bin Ishaq said, "Musa chose sevent y of t he best men from t he Children of Israel. He said t o t hem, ` Go t o t he meet ing wit h Allah and repent for what you commit t ed. Beg His forgiveness for t hose of your people whom you left behind. Fast , purify yourselves and clean your clot hes.' So, he went wit h t hem t o Mount Tur in Sinai for t he meet ing place and t ime designat ed by his Lord. He went t here only wit h t he leave and knowledge of Allah. According t o what has been ment ioned t o me, when t he sevent y did what he ordered t hem t o do, and went wit h him t o t he meet ing of Musa wit h his Lord, t hey said, ` Request t hat we may also hear t he words of our Lord.' So he replied, ` I shall.' When Musa approached t he mount ain it became complet ely covered wit h columns of clouds, Musa approached it and ent ered in t hem. He said

t o t he people, ` Approach.' But when Allah spoke t o Musa, his cloak was surrounded by a brilliant light which no human could bear t o look at , so below him a barrier was placed and t he people approached. When t hey ent ered t he cloud t hey fell prost rat e and t hey heard Him while he was speaking t o Musa, commanding him and forbidding him, saying what t o do and what not t o do. When He complet ed commanding him, and removed t he cloud from Musa, he faced t he people and t hey said, ` O Musa! We will not believe in you unless we see Allah direct ly.' So t he t hunder shook t hem, t heir souls were capt ured and t hey all died. Musa st ood up invoking, begging and supplicat ing t o his Lord,

びヴ ∠ ⇒ｚΑま͡ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ヲャ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ ("O my Lord, if it had been Your will, You could have dest royed t hem and me before.'')' meaning, ` They were foolish. Would You dest roy anyone who comes aft er me from t he Children of Israel' Ibn ` Abbas, Qat adah, Muj ahid and Ibn Jarir At -Tabari said, "They were seized by t he t remor or light ning, because t hey neit her shunned nor forbade t heir people who worshipped t he calf.'' This is support ed by Musa's st at ement ,

びべｚレ͡ョ ￢⊥ べ∠ヰヘ∠ ジ ぁ ャや モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ∠レム⊥ ͡ヤ∇ヰゎ⊥ ∠ぺぴ ("would You dest roy us for t he deeds of t he fools among us'') He said next ,

びマ ∠ わ⊥ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ∇ラま͡ぴ ("It is only Your Fit nah'') afflict ion, t est and t rial, according t o Ibn ` Abbas, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Abu Al-` Aliyah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and several among t he Salaf and lat t er scholars. This is t he only plausible meaning, in which Musa says, "The decision is Yours (O Allah), and t he j udgment , and what ever You will occurs. You misguide whom You will, guide whom You will, and none can guide whom You misguide or misguide whom You guide. There is none who can give what You deprive or avert what You give. The sovereignt y is all Yours, and Yours is t he j udgment , t he creat ion and t he decision.'' The Ayah,

ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プ ゅ∠レΒぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ピ∇ャや ("You are our prot ect or, so forgive us and have mercy on us: for You are t he best of t hose who forgive.''), pert ains t o (Allah's) covering t he mist ake and not punishing for t he sin. Whenever mercy is ment ioned along wit h forgiveness such as in Musa's supplicat ion t o Allah , it includes t he hope t hat Allah does not permit one t o fall int o t hat act again.

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ピ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ

("for You are t he best of t hose who forgive,'') for none except You can forgive t he sin.

びり͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヶ͡プヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ょわ⊥ ∇ミや∠ヱぴ ("And ordain for us good in t his world, and in t he Hereaft er.'') The first part of Musa's supplicat ion was t o fend off what should be avoided, while t his part is a request for what is sought . The meaning of,

びり͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヶ͡プヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ょわ⊥ ∇ミや∠ヱぴ ("And ordain for us good in t his world, and in t he Hereaft er. '') is, ` ordain for us and grant us all t hat is good in bot h lives. We ment ioned t he meaning of ` good' before in Surat Al-Baqarah.

びマ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ⇒∠ル∇ギワ⊥ ゅｚル͡まぴ ("We have Hudna unt o You'') ` we repent , go back and ret urn unt o You,' according t o t he meaning of, ` Hudna', given by Ibn ` Abbas, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Muj ahid, Abu Al-` Aliyah, AdDahhak, Ibrahim At -Taymi, As-Suddi, Qat adah and several ot hers.

び-ヶ ∂ Β͡ Β⊥ Β∠ Β∃ Β∀Β⇔ Α ン ヱ ロ ラ ュ メ ポ ベ フ . ぴ (He said: (As t o) My punishment I afflict t herewit h whom I will and My mercy embraces all t hings. That (mercy) I shall ordain for t hose who have Taqwa, and give Zakah; and t hose who believe in Our Ayat .) 7:156 j

Allah's Mercy is for Those Who have Taqwa and believe in Allah's Ayat and His Messenger Allah answers t he st at ement ,

びマ ∠ わ⊥ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ∇ラま͡ぴ ("It is only Your t rial...'') 7:155 , by saying,

∇ろバ∠ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ヴ͡わ∠ヨ∇ェ∠ケ∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠セぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ょ ⊥ Β͡タぺ⊥ ヴ͡よや∠グハ ∠ぴ び￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥

((As t o) My punishment I afflict t herewit h whom I will and My mercy embraces all t hings.) Allah says here, ` I do what I will, decide what I will and I have wisdom and j ust ice in all mat t ers.' Cert ainly, t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah. Allah's st at ement ,

び￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ∇ろバ∠ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ヴ͡わ∠ヨ∇ェ∠ケ∠ヱぴ (and My mercy embraces all t hings) t est ifies t o His encompassing mercy. Allah said t hat t he angels who carry His Throne and t hose around t he Throne supplicat e,

びゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ モ ｚ ⇒⊥ミ ろ ∠ ∇バシ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ ("Our Lord! You comprehend all t hings in mercy and knowledge.'') 40:7 Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jundub bin ` Abdullah Al-Baj ali said, "A bedouin man came, he made his camel kneel and he t ied it . Then he prayed behind t he Messenger of Allah . When t he Messenger of Allah finished t he prayer, t hat man unt ied his camel mount ed it and supplicat ed aloud, ` O Allah! Grant Your mercy t o me and t o Muhammad, and do not give a share in it t o anyone else.' The Messenger of Allah comment ed (t o his Companions),

ゅ∠ョ やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ や∠グワ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ぺ∠» «∨∠メゅ∠ホ (Do you t hink t hat t his man is more misguided or his camel Did you not hear what t his man has said) They said, ` Yes.' He said,

モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡ る⇔ バ∠ シ ͡ や∠ヱ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ れ ∠ ∇ゲヌ ｚェ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠» ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ブ ⊥ ∠デゅ∠バ∠わ∠Α る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ∇ルほ∠プ∠ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ る∠ も∠ ゅ͡ョ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ⇔バ∇ジ͡ゎ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ゲ∠ カ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠ヰよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰジ ⊥ ∇ルま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰレぁ ィ ͡ ペ ⊥ ∇ヤガ ∠ ャや «∨⊥ロゲ⊥ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ぺ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇ジゎ͡ ヱ∠ (You (t he bedouin man) have rest rict ed a vast mercy! Allah, t he Exalt ed, t he most Honored has creat ed a hundred mercies and sent down one of t hem by which t he creat ion, men, Jinn and animals, show mercy t o each ot her. He left wit h Him ninet y-nine mercies, so do you say t hat t his man is more misguided or his camel) Ahmad and Abu Dawud collect ed t his Hadit h. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Salman narrat ed t hat t he Prophet said,

る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ る∠ も∠ ゅ͡ョ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡» ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ス ⊥ ヲ⊥ェヲ⊥ ∇ャや ブ ⊥ ト ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヱ∠ ペ ⊥ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ユ⊥ ェ ∠ や∠ゲわ∠ Α∠ «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇ジゎ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ バ∠ ∇ジゎ͡ ゲ∠ カ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワキ͡ ゅ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ (Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, has a hundred mercies. Wit h one of t hem, t he creat ions show mercy t o each ot her, and even t he beast s show kindness t o t heir offspring. He has kept ninet y-nine mercies wit h Him for t he Day of Resurrect ion.) Muslim recorded it . Allah said next ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ゅ∠ヰら⊥ わ⊥ ∇ミほ∠ジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (That (mercy) I shall ordain for t hose who have Taqwa, ) meaning, I will ordain My mercy for t hem, as a favor and kindness from Me t o t hem. Allah said in a similar Ayah,

びる∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (He has prescribed mercy for Himself) 6:12 Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあぴ (for t hose who have Taqwa), means, ` I will ordain My mercy for t hose who possess t hese qualit ies, and t hey are t he Ummah of Muhammad,'

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあぴ (for t hose who have Taqwa), who avoid Shirk and maj or sins,

びり∠ ヲ⇒∠ミゴｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and give t he Zakah), purify t hemselves, according t o one opinion. It was also said t hat , ` t he Zakah', here pert ains t o wealt h. It is possible t hat bot h meanings are included here, for t his Ayah was revealed in Makkah before Zakah in fixed shares was ordained ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ユ⊥ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (and t hose who believe in Our Ayat .), t hose who have fait h in t hem.

ン͡グャｚや ヴ ｚ ョあ Ε ⊥や ヴ ｚ ら͡ レｚャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ モ ͡ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱ り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ⇔よヲ⊥わ∇ムョ∠ ヮ⊥ ∠ルヱ⊥ギ͡イ∠Α モ ぁエ ͡ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ワゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ノ⊥ ツ ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ゑ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠らガ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ⊥ あゲエ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠プ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ヴ͡わャｚや モ ∠ ⇒∠ヤ∇ビΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇タま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ケ∠ ヲぁレャや ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ケゴｚ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ン͡グャｚや (157. Those who follow t he Messenger, t he Prophet who can neit her read nor writ e whom t hey find writ t en of wit h t hem in t he Tawrah and t he Inj il, -- he commands t hem t o do good; and forbids t hem from evil; he makes lawful for t hem t he good t hings, and forbids t hem from t he evil t hings, he releases t hem from t heir heavy burdens and from t he fet t ers t hat were upon t hem. So t hose who believe in him, honor him, help him, and follow t he light which has been sent down wit h him, it is t hey who will be successful.)

The Description of that Messenger

ン͡グャｚや ヴ ｚ ョあ Ε ⊥や ヴ ｚ ら͡ レｚャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ びモ ͡ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱ り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ⇔よヲ⊥わ∇ムョ∠ ヮ⊥ ∠ルヱ⊥ギ͡イ∠Α (Those who follow t he Messenger, t he Prophet who can neit her read nor writ e whom t hey find writ t en wit h t hem in t he Tawrah and t he Inj il,) This is t he descript ion of t he Prophet Muhammad in t he Books of t he Prophet s. They delivered t he good news of his advent t o t heir nat ions and commanded t hem t o follow him. His descript ions were st ill apparent in t heir Books, as t he rabbis and t he priest s well know. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Sakhr Al-` Uqayli said t hat a bedouin man said t o him, "I brought a milk-producing camel t o Al-Madinah during t he life t ime of Allah's Messenger. Aft er I sold it , I said t o myself, ` I will meet t hat man (Muhammad) and hear from him.' So I passed by him while he was walking bet ween Abu Bakr and ` Umar, and I followed t hem unt il t hey went by a Jewish man, who was reading from an open copy of t he Tawrah. He was mourning a son of his who was dying and who was one of t he most handsome boys. The Messenger of Allah asked him (t he fat her),

マ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヶ͡プ ギ⊥ イ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ り∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ヵ͡グャｚゅ͡よ ポ ∠ ギ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠» «∨ヶ͡ィゲ∠ ∇ガョ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡わヘ∠ タ ͡ や∠グワ∠ (I ask you by He Who has sent down t he Tawrah, do you not find t he descript ion of me and my advent in your Book) He nodded his head in t he negat ive. His son said, ` Rat her, yes, by He Who has sent down t he Tawrah! We find t he descript ion of you and your advent in our Book. I bear wit ness t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah and t hat you are t he Messenger of Allah. ' The Prophet said (t o t he Companions),

«ユ⊥ムΒ͡カぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ヵ ｚ キ͡ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠» (St op t he Jew (t he fat her) from (t aking care of) your brot her (in Islam).) The Prophet t hen personally t ook care of t he son's funeral and led t he funeral prayer on him.''' This Hadit h is sound and is support ed by a similar Hadit h in t he Sahih narrat ed from Anas. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Al-Mut hanna said t hat ` At a' bin Yasar said, "I met ` Abdullah bin ` Amr and asked him, ` Tell me about t he descript ion of Allah's Messenger in t he Tawrah.' He said, ` Yes, by Allah! He is described in t he Tawrah, j ust as he is described in t he Qur'an,

び や⇔ゲΑ͡グル∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲあゼら∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ギ͡ワゅ∠セ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べｚル͡ま ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O Prophet ! Verily, We have sent you as a wit ness, and a bearer of glad t idings, and a warner.) 33:45 as a safe refuge for t he unlet t ered ones. ` You are My servant and Messenger. I have called you ` Al-Mut awakkil' (who t rust s in Allah), not hard or harsh.' Neit her ut t ering foul speech in t he market s nor ret urning evil deed wit h one in kind. Rat her, he forgives and forgoes. Allah will not end his life unt il He st raight ens t hrough him t he crooked religion, so t hat t hey might proclaim, ` There is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah.' He will open t hrough him sealed heart s, deaf ears and blind eyes.''' ` At a' t hen said, "I also met Ka` b and asked him t he same quest ion, and his answer did not differ from ` Abdullah's answer, even concerning one let t er. '' Al-Bukhari recorded it from ` Abdullah bin ` Amr. It was also recorded by Al-Bukhari up t o t he word forgoes. And he ment ioned t he narrat ion of ` Abdullah bin ` Amr t hen he said; "It was common in t he speech of our Salaf t hat t hey describe t he Books of t he People of t he Two Script ures as t he Tawrah, as some Hadit hs concur. Allah knows best .'' Allah's st at ement ,

びゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇レ∠Α∠ヱ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ワゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ぴ (He commands t hem t o do good; and forbids t hem from evil;) This is t he descript ion of t he Messenger of Allah in previous Books. These were t he t rue qualit ies of our Messenger , as well, for he only ordained good and forbade evil. We should ment ion here t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "When you hear Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ

(O you who believe!), t hen pay it your full at t ent ion, for it is a good t hat you are being commanded, or an evil t hat you are being forbidden.'' And t he most import ant and great est of t hese commands and prohibit ions, is t hat Allah has sent t he Messenger t o order worshipping Him Alone wit hout part ners and forbid worshipping ot hers besides Him. This is t he Message t hat Allah has sent all Messengers wit h before Muhammad , j ust as Allah said,

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∠れヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚト∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ (And verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming): "Worship Allah, and avoid t he Taghut (false deit ies)'') 16:36 . Allah's st at ement ,

びゑ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠らガ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ⊥ あゲエ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ぁエ ͡ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (He makes lawful for t hem t he good t hings, and forbids t hem from t he evil t hings,) meaning, he makes t he Bahirah, Sa'ibah, Wasilah and Ham, et c., lawful. They were prohibit ions t hat t hey invent ed which were only hard for t hemselves. He also forbids t hem from evil t hings, such as t he flesh of t he pig, Riba, and foods t hat were t reat ed as lawful alt hough Allah t he Exalt ed had forbidden t hem. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t his from Ibn ` Abbas. Allah's st at ement ,

∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ヴ͡わャｚや モ ∠ ⇒∠ヤ∇ビΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇タま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ノ⊥ ツ ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (He (Muhammad) releases t hem from t heir heavy burdens, and from t he fet t ers t hat were upon t hem.) indicat es t hat Muhammad came wit h leniency and an easy religion. As ment ioned in t he Hadit h recorded from many rout es t hat Allah's Messenger said,

«る∠エ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや る͡ Βｚ ヘ͡ Β͡レエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ » (I was sent wit h t he easy way of Hanifiyyah monot heism ) The Prophet said t o t he t wo Commanders he appoint ed, Mu` adh and Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari, when he sent t hem t o Yemen,

ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ハヱ∠ ゅ∠トゎ∠ ヱ∠ や∠ゲジ あ バ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ や∠ゲジ あ Α∠ ヱ∠ や∠ゲヘあ レ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ や∠ゲゼ あ よ∠ » «ゅ∠ヘ͡ヤ∠わ∇ガ∠ゎ (Bring glad t idings and do not drive people away, make t hings easy and do not make t hem difficult , obey each ot her and do not differ among yourselves). Abu Barzah Al-Aslami, t he

Prophet 's Companion, said, "I accompanied t he Messenger of Allah and saw how easy he was. The nat ions t hat were before us had t hings made difficult for t hem in t heir laws. Allah made t he law encompassing and easy for t his Ummah. Hence t he st at ement of t he Messenger of Allah,

∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ろを∠ ギｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヶわ͡ ョｚ ほ⊥ャ͡ コ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠イゎ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» «モ∠ヨ∇バゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇モボ⊥ ゎ∠ (Allah has forgiven my Ummah for what occurs in t hemselves, as long as t hey do not ut t er it or act upon it .) The Prophet said,

やヲワ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ムわ⊥ シ ⊥ や ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ジレあ ャや∠ヱ ほ⊥ト ∠ガ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リハ ∠ ノ∠ プ͡ ケ⊥ » «ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (My Ummah was forgiven (by Allah) unint ent ional errors, forget fulness and what t hey are forced t o do.)'' This is why Allah has guided t his Ummah t o proclaim,

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ほト ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠レΒ͡ジルｚ ラ͡ま べ∠ル∇グ͡カや∠ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠ミ や⇔ゲ∇タま͡ べ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇モヨ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ブ ⊥ ∇ハや∠ヱ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ る∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠デ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヨあ エ ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠レヤ͡∇らホ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲダ ⊥ ∇ルゅ∠プ ゅ∠レ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠レ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや∠ヱ ゅｚレ∠ハ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ("Our Lord! Punish us not if we forget or fall int o error, our Lord! Lay not on us a burden like t hat which You did lay on t hose before us (Jews and Christ ians); our Lord! Put not on us a burden great er t han we have st rengt h t o bear. Pardon us and grant us forgiveness. Have mercy on us. You are our Mawla (Pat ron, Support er and Prot ect or) and give us vict ory over t he disbelieving people.) 2:286 It is recorded in Sahih Muslim t hat t he Prophet said t hat Allah t he Exalt ed said aft er every one of t hese supplicat ions, "I shall accept (your supplicat ion).'' Allah's st at ement ,

びロ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ケゴｚ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠プぴ

(So t hose who believe in him, honor him, help him.) refers t o respect ing and honoring Muhammad ,

びヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ン͡グャｚや ケ∠ ヲぁレャや ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (and follow t he light which has been sent down wit h him,) t he Qur'an and t he revelat ion Sunnah t hat t he Prophet delivered t o mankind,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (it is t hey who will be successful.) in t his life and t he Hereaft er.

ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴルあま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヴ あ ョあ Ε ⊥やヴ あ ら͡ レｚ ャや ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ヱギ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや び (158. Say: "O mankind! Verily, I am sent t o you all as t he Messenger of Allah -- t o Whom belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h. None has t he right t o be worshipped but He. It is He Who gives life and causes deat h. So believe in Allah and His Messenger, t he Prophet who can neit her read nor writ e, who believes in Allah and His Words, and follow him so t hat you may be guided.'')

Muhammad's Message is Universal Allah says t o His Prophet and Messenger Muhammad ,

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say), O Muhammad,

びサ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ

(O mankind!), t his is direct ed t o mankind red and black, and t he Arabs and non-Arabs alike,

びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴあルま͡ぴ (I am sent t o you all as t he Messenger of Allah,) This Ayah ment ions t he Prophet 's honor and great ness, for he is t he Final Prophet who was sent t o all mankind and t he Jinns . Allah said,

や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ヱ⊥ぺヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レ∇Βよ͡ ∀ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ びヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ルｘΙ ラ ⊥ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや (Say, "Allah is Wit ness bet ween you and I; t his Qur'an has been revealed t o me t hat I may t herewit h warn you and whomsoever it may reach.'') 6:19 ,

びロ⊥ ギ⊥ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャゅ∠プ ゆ ͡ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (but t hose of t he sect s t hat rej ect it , t he Fire will be t heir promised meet ing place) 11:17 , and,

∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠￢∠ リ ∠ ΒあΒョあ Ι ｙ や∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱｚ ∇やヱ∠ギわ∠ ∇ワや ギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ (And say t o t hose who were given t he Script ure and t o t he illit erat es (Arab pagans): "Do you (also) submit yourselves (t o Allah in Islam)'' If t hey do, t hey are right ly guided; but if t hey t urn away, your dut y is only t o convey t he Message.) 3:20 There are many ot her Ayat and more Hadit hs t han can be count ed on t his subj ect . It is also well-known in our religion t hat t he Messenger of Allah was sent t o all mankind and t he Jinns . Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu AdDarda' said, "Abu Bakr and ` Umar had an argument in which Abu Bakr made ` Umar angry. So ` Umar went away while angry and Abu Bakr followed him asking him t o forgive him, but ` Umar refused. ` Umar shut his door closed in Abu Bakr's face and Abu Bakr went t o t he Messenger of Allah while we were wit h him. The Messenger of Allah said,

«ゲ∠ョゅ∠ビ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ や∠グワ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら⊥ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タ ゅｚョぺ∠» (This fellow of yours (Abu Bakr) has made someone angry! ` Umar became sorry for what he did, went t o t he Prophet and greet ed him wit h t he Salam and sat next t o him, t elling him what had happened. The Messenger of Allah became angry (at ` Umar), and realizing t hat , Abu Bakr said, ` O Allah's Messenger! It was me who was unj ust .' The Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ゅ∠Α :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ヶあルま͡ ∨ヶ͡らェ ͡ ゅ∠タ ヶ͡ャ ヲ⊥ミケ͡ ゅ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ » ろ ∠ ∇よグ∠ ミ∠ :∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ぶ ͡ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヶあルま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや «ろ∇ホギ∠ タ ∠ :ゲ∃ ∇ムよ∠ ヲ⊥よぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ (Will you leave my Companion (Abu Bakr) alone! I said, ` O People! I am t he Messenger of Allah t o you all,' and you said, ` You lie,' but Abu Bakr declared, ` You said t he t rut h.')'' Al-Bukhari recorded it . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヶ͡ヤ∇らホ∠ ヶ ｘ ら͡ ル∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ト ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥» キ͡ ヲ∠ ∇シほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェほ∠∇ャや る⇔ プｚ ゅ∠ミ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ や⇔ゲ∇ガプ∠ ヶ͡ャ ∇ろヤｚェ ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ヰセ ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ Β͡ジョ∠ ょ ͡ ∇ハゲぁ ャゅ͡よ れ ⊥ ∇ゲダ ͡ ル⊥ ヱ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヶ ∠ ャ͡ ∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ヤ∇らホ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ モ ｚエ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ユ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠レピ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰゎ⊥ ∇ゲカ ｚ ほ∠プ∠ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヘゼ ｚ ャや ろ ⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥ヱ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヰデ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ギイ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ «ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ポ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ヶ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡わョｚ ほ⊥ャ͡ (I have been given five t hings which were not given t o any Prophet before me, and I do not say it out of pride. I was sent t o all mankind (t heir) black and whit e alike. Allah made me vict orious by fright , (by His fright ening my enemies) for a dist ance of one mont h's j ourney. The spoils of war are lawful for me, yet it was not lawful for anyone else before me. The eart h has been made for me (and for my followers) a place for praying and a t hing t o perform purificat ion wit h. I have been given t he Shafa'ah (right of int ercession), and I saved it for my Ummah on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Therefore, t he Shafa'ah will reach t hose who associat e none wit h Allah in worship.) This Hadit h's chain of narrat ion is suit able, but t he Two Sahihs did not record it . Allah's st at ement ,

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ びろ ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ (t o Whom belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h. None has t he right t o be worshipped but He. It is He Who gives life and causes deat h.) describes Allah by t he words of t he Messenger t hat He Who has sent him is t he Creat or, Lord and King of all t hings and in His Hand is t he cont rol, life, deat h and t he decision. Just as Allah said

びヴ あ ョあ Ε ⊥ やヴ あ ら͡ レｚ ャや ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ぴ (So believe in Allah and His Messenger, t he Prophet who can neit her read nor writ e,) Allah proclaims here t hat Muhammad is His Messenger and reit erat es t his fact by commanding t hat he be believed in and followed. Allah said,

びヴ あ ョあ Ε ⊥ やヴ あ ら͡ レｚ ャやぴ (The Prophet who can neit her read nor writ e) who you were promised and given t he good news of in previous revealed books. Cert ainly, Muhammad was amply described in t he previous books, including his descript ion as being t he unlet t ered Prophet . Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚやぴ (who believes in Allah and His Words), means, his act ions conform wit h his words and he believes in what he was given from his Lord.

びロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And follow him), embrace his pat h and guidance,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (so t hat you may be guided) t o t he St raight Pat h.

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∇ヰ∠Α ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ び (159. And of t he people of Musa t here is a communit y who lead (t he men) wit h t rut h and est ablish j ust ice t herewit h.) Allah st at ed t hat of t he Children of Israel t here are some who follow t he t rut h and j udge by it , j ust as He said in anot her Ayah,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ も͡ べ∠ホ ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ￢∠ べ∠ルや∠￢

(A part y of t he people of t he Script ure st and for t he right , t hey recit e t he verses of Allah during t he hours of t he night , prost rat ing t hemselves in prayer) 3:113 ,

メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ヨャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ リ ∠ Β͡バゼ ͡ ⇒∠カ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ヨを∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ (And t here are, cert ainly, among t he People of t he Script ure, t hose who believe in Allah and in t hat which has been revealed t o you, and in t hat which has been revealed t o t hem, humbling t hemselves before Allah. They do not sell t he verses of Allah for a small price, for t hem is a reward wit h t heir Lord. Surely, Allah is Swift in account .) 3:199

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ワ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ べ∠レよあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ユ⊥ワゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚルま び∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚ ョｚ (Those t o whom We gave t he Script ure before it , t hey believe in it (t he Qur'an). And when it is recit ed t o t hem, t hey say: "We believe in it . Verily, it is t he t rut h from our Lord. Indeed even before it we have been from t hose who submit t hemselves. These will be given t heir reward t wice over, because t hey are pat ient .) 28:52-54 , and,

ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲレ⊥ ョ͡ や∠￢ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ - や⇔ギイ ｚシ ⊥ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ホ∇クΚ ｘ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲガ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ や∠クま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥バ∇ヘヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べ∠レよあ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ び ゅ⇔ハヲ⊥ゼカ ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ Αゴ͡ Α∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ム∇らΑ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ホ∇クΚ ｘ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲガ ͡ Α∠ ヱ∠ (Verily, t hose who were given knowledge before it , when it (t his Qur'an) is recit ed t o t hem, fall down on t heir faces in humble prost rat ion. And t hey say: "Glory be t o our Lord! Truly, t he

promise of our Lord must be fulfilled.'' And t hey fall down on t heir faces weeping and it increases t heir humilit y.) 17:107-109

べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨョ∠ ぺ⊥ ゅ⇔デゅ∠ら∇シぺ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼハ ∠ ∇ヴわ∠ レ∠ ∇をや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バト ｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ポ ∠ ゅ∠ダバ∠ よあ ゆ͡ゲ∇ッや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ボ∇ジわ∠ ∇シや ク͡ ま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ⇔レ∇Βハ ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼハ ∠ ゅ∠わレ∠ ∇をや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ろジ ∠イ ∠ ら∠ ルゅ∠プ ゲ∠ イ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ユ∠ ⇒∠ヨピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヤｚ∠ニ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼョｚ サ ∃ ゅ∠ルぺ⊥ ぁモミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ろ ͡ ⇒∠らΒあ デ ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ン∠ヲ∇ヤジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ リ ｚ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ る∠ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥レム⊥ ∇シや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや∠ヱ ∀るト ｚ ͡ェ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ヱ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ゴレ∠ シ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒ͡トカ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピルｚ や⇔ギイ ｚシ ⊥ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ら∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ギｚ ら∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ゴ∇ィケ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠シ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ ン͡グャｚや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ (160. And We divided t hem int o t welve t ribes (as dist inct ) nat ions. We revealed t o Musa when his people asked him for wat er (saying): "St rike t he st one wit h your st ick,'' and t here gushed fort h out of it t welve springs, each group knew it s own place for wat er. We shaded t hem wit h t he clouds and sent down upon t hem t he manna and t he quail (saying): "Eat of t he good t hings wit h which We have provided you.'' They harmed Us not but t hey used t o harm t hemselves.) (161. And (remember) when it was said t o t hem: "Dwell in t his t own (Jerusalem) and eat t herefrom wherever you wish, and say, ` (O Allah) forgive our sins'; and ent er t he gat e prost rat ing (bowing wit h humilit y). We shall forgive you your wrongdoings. We shall increase (t he reward) for t he good-doers.'') (162. But t hose among t hem who did wrong, changed t he word t hat had been t old t o t hem. So We sent on t hem a t orment from t he heaven in ret urn for t heir wrongdoings.) We discussed t hese Ayat in Surat Al-Baqarah, which was revealed in AlMadinah, while t hese Ayat were revealed in Makkah. We also ment ioned t he difference bet ween t he t wo narrat ions, and t hus we do not need t o repeat it here, all t hanks are due t o Allah and all t he favors are from Him.

ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや り∠ ゲ∠ ッ ͡ ゅ∠ェ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ヴ͡わャｚや る͡ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヤゃ∠ ∇シヱ∠ ぴ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル⊥ ゅ∠わΒ͡ェ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ∇クま͡ ろ ͡ ∇らジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇バΑ∠ ∇クま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わら͡ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ハゲｚ セ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ∇らシ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ⊥ ∇ヘΑ∠ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ワヲ⊥ヤ∇らル∠ (163. And ask t hem about t he t own t hat was by t he sea; when t hey t ransgressed in t he mat t er of t he Sabbat h: when t heir fish came t o t hem openly on t he Sabbat h day, and did not come t o t hem on t he day t hey had no Sabbat h. Thus We made a t rial for t hem, for t hey used t o rebel against Allah's command.)

The Jews transgress the Sanctity of the Sabbath This Ayah explains Allah's st at ement ,

びろ ͡ ∇らジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヱ∠ギわ∠ ∇ハや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed you knew t hose among you who t ransgressed in t he mat t er of t he Sabbat h..) 2:65 Allah says t o His Prophet here,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヤゃ∠ ∇シヱ∠ ぴ (And ask t hem) ask t he Jews who are wit h you, about t he st ory of t heir fellow Jews who defied Allah's command, so t hat His punishment overt ook t hem all of a sudden for t heir evil act ions, t ransgression and defiance by way of deceit . Also, warn t he Jews (O Muhammad) against hiding your descript ion t hat t hey find in t heir books, so t hat t hey do not suffer what t heir forefat hers suffered. The village ment ioned here is Aylah, on t he shore of t he Qulzum (Red) Sea. Muhammad bin Ishaq recorded from Dawud bin Al-Husayn from ` Ikrimah t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや り∠ ゲ∠ ッ ͡ ゅ∠ェ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ヴ͡わャｚや る͡ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヤゃ∠ ∇シヱ∠ ぴ (And ask t hem about t he t own t hat was by t he sea...) "A village called Aylah bet ween Madyan and At -Tur (which is in Sinai). ` Ikrimah, Muj ahid, Qat adah and As-Suddi said similarly. Allah's st at ement ,

びろ ͡ ∇らジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∇バ∠Α ∇クま͡ぴ

(when t hey t ransgressed in t he mat t er of t he Sabbat h;) means, t hey t ransgressed in t he Sabbat h and defied Allah's command t o t hem t o keep it sanct ified,

びゅ⇔ハゲｚ セ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ∇らシ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル⊥ ゅ∠わΒ͡ェ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ (when t heir fish came t o t hem openly on t he Sabbat h day,) visible on t op of t he wat er, according t o Ad-Dahhak who report ed it from Ibn ` Abbas. Ibn Jarir said, "Allah's st at ement ,

びユ⊥ワヲ⊥ヤ∇らル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わら͡ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and did not come t o t hem on t he day t hey had no Sabbat h. Thus We made a t rial of t hem,) means, t his is how We t est ed t hem by making t he fish swim close t o t he surface of t he wat er , on t he day which t hey were prohibit ed t o fish. The fish would be hidden from t hem on t he day when t hey were allowed t o fish,

びユ⊥ワヲ⊥ヤ∇らル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Thus We made a t rial for t hem,) so t hat We t est t hem,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ⊥ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ぴ (for t hey used t o rebel against Allah's command) by defying His obedience and rebelling against it .'' Therefore, t hese were a people who used a t rick t o violat e Allah's prohibit ions, t aking an act ion t hat seemed legal on t he surface. However, in realit y, t his act ion was meant t o t ransgress t he prohibit ion. Imam and scholar Abu ` Abdullah Ibn Bat t ah report ed t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ュ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠エョ∠ やヲぁヤエ ͡ わ∠ ∇ジわ∠ プ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャや ろ ͡ ら∠ ム∠ ゎ∠ ∇ケや ゅ∠ョ や⊥ヲら͡ムゎ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «モ∠Βエ ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ル∇キほ∠よ͡ ぶ ͡ や (Do not repeat what t he Jews commit t ed, and violat e Allah's prohibit ions using deceit ful t ricks.) This Hadit h has a reasonable chain.

∇ユヰ⊥ ム⊥ ヤ͡∇ヰョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌバ͡ ゎ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ り⇔ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇バョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ や⇔ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ あグバ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠

ゅ∠レ∇Βイ ∠ ル∠ぺ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミあ ク⊥ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ￢͡ ヲぁジャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ∠ハ ∇や∇ヲわ∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ⊥ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ザ ∃ Β͡ゃよ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ びリ ∠ Β͡ゃジ ͡ ⇒∠カ り⇔ キ∠ ゲ∠ ホ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰル⊥ ゅｚョ (164. And when a communit y among t hem said: "Why do you preach t o a people whom Allah is about t o dest roy or t o punish wit h a severe t orment '' (The preachers) said: "In order t o be free from guilt before your Lord (Allah), and perhaps t hey may fear Allah.'') (165. So when t hey forgot t he reminder t hat had been given t o t hem, We rescued t hose who forbade evil, but wit h a severe t orment We seized t hose who did wrong, because t hey used t o rebel against Allah's command.) (166. So when t hey exceeded t he limit s of what t hey were prohibit ed, We said t o t hem: "Be you monkeys, despised.'')

Those Who breached the Sabbath were turned into Monkeys, but Those Who prohibited Their Actions were saved Allah said t hat t he people of t his village were divided int o t hree groups, a group t hat commit t ed t he prohibit ion, cat ching fish on t he Sabbat h, as we described in t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Baqarah. Anot her group prohibit ed t hem from t ransgression and avoided t hem. A t hird group neit her prohibit ed t hem, nor part icipat ed in t heir act ion. The t hird group said t o t he preachers,

ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ あグバ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ム⊥ ヤ͡∇ヰョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌバ͡ ゎ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ぴ びや⇔ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ("Why do you preach t o a people whom Allah is about t o dest roy or t o punish wit h a severe t orment ''). They said, ` why do you forbid t hese people from evil, when you know t hat t hey are dest royed and have earned Allah's punishment ' Therefore, t hey said, t here is no benefit in forbidding t hem. The preachers replied,

び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ り⇔ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇バョ∠ ぴ ("In order t o be free from guilt before your Lord (Allah),'') ` for we were commanded t o enj oin right eousness and forbid evil,' r

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ("and perhaps t hey may fear Allah'') for on account of our advice, t hey might st op t his evil and repent t o Allah. Cert ainly, if t hey repent t o Allah, Allah will accept t heir repent ance and grant t hem His mercy.' Allah said,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミあ ク⊥ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (So when t hey forgot t he reminder t hat had been given t o t hem, ) when t he evil doers refused t he advice,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ￢͡ ヲぁジャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠レ∇Βイ ∠ ル∠ぺぴ び∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ (We rescued t hose who forbade evil, but We seized who did wrong,) who commit t ed t he t ransgression,

びザ ∃ Β͡ゃよ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ぴ (wit h a severe t orment ). Allah st at ed t hat t hose who enj oined good were saved, while t hose who commit t ed t he t ransgression were dest royed, but He did not ment ion t he end of t hose who were passive (t he t hird group), for t he compensat ion is comparable t o t he deed. This t ype did not do what would warrant praise, nor commit wrong so t hat t hey are admonished. ` Ikrimah said, "Ibn ` Abbas said about t he Ayah: ` I do not know whet her or not t he people were saved who said;

び∇ユヰ⊥ ム⊥ ヤ͡∇ヰョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌバ͡ ゎ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ぴ ("Why do you preach t o a people whom Allah is about t o dest roy...'') So I cont inued discussing it wit h him unt il I convinced him t hat t hey were. Then he gave me t he gift of a garment .'' Allah said,

びザ ∃ Β͡ゃよ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and We seized t hose who did wrong wit h a Ba'is t orment ) indicat ing t hat t hose who remained were saved. As for ` Ba'is', it means ` severe', according t o Muj ahid, or ` painful', according t o Qat adah. These meanings are synonymous, and Allah knows best . Allah said next ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ゃジ ͡ ⇒∠カぴ (despised), humiliat ed, disgraced and rej ect ed.

リ∠ョ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ｚ ん∠ バ∠ ∇らΒ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ラ ∠ クｚ ほ∠ゎ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Α͡ゲジ ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ͡ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや ￢∠ ヲ⊥シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ⊥ ヲ⊥ジΑ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ケ∀ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ (167. And (remember) when your Lord declared t hat He would cert ainly keep on sending against t hem, t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hose who would afflict t hem wit h a humiliat ing t orment . Verily, your Lord is quick in ret ribut ion and cert ainly He is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

Eternal Humiliation placed on the Jews

びラ ∠ クｚ ほ∠ゎ∠ ぴ (Ta'dhdhana) means ` declared', according t o Muj ahid, or ` ordained', according t o ot hers. This part of t he Ayah indicat es a vow,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ｚ ん∠ バ∠ ∇らΒ∠ ャ∠ぴ (t hat He will keep on sending against t hem) against t he Jews,

び͡ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや ￢∠ ヲ⊥シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ⊥ ヲ⊥ジΑ∠ リ∠ョ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hose who would afflict t hem wit h a humiliat ing t orment .) on account of t heir disobedience, defying Allah's orders and Law and using t ricks t o t ransgress t he prohibit ions. It was report ed t hat Musa required t he Jews t o pay t he product ion t ax for seven or t hirt een years, and he was t he first t o do so. Also, t he Jews fell under t he humiliat ing rule of t he Greek Kushdanin, Chaldeans and lat er on t he Christ ians, who subj ugat ed and disgraced t hem, and required t hem t o pay t he Jizyah (t ribut e t ax). When Islam came and Muhammad was sent , t hey became under his power and had t o pay t he Jizyah, as well. Therefore, t he humiliat ing t orment ment ioned here includes disgrace and paying t he Jizyah, as Al-` Awfi narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas. In t he fut ure, t he Jews will support t he Daj j al (False Messiah); and t he Muslims, along wit h ` Isa, son of Mary, will kill t he Jews. This will occur j ust before t he end of t his world. Allah said next ,

びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Α͡ゲジ ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, your Lord is quick in ret ribut ion), wit h t hose who disobey Him and defy His Law,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ケ∀ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and cert ainly He is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) for t hose who repent and go back t o Him. This Ayah ment ions bot h t he mercy, as well as, t he punishment , so t hat no despair is felt . Allah oft en ment ions encouragement and warning t oget her, so t hat heart s always have a sense of hope and fear.

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レあョ ゅ⇔ヨ∠ョぺ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バト ｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ れ ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ͡ろ⇒∠レ∠ジ∠エ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ヲヤ∠よ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥をケ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ブ∇ヤ∠カ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ブ ∠ ヤ∠ガ ∠ プ∠ ぴ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゲ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ピΒ⊥ シ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ル∇キΙ ｘ や やグ∠ ⇒∠ワ チ ∠ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ベ ⊥ ゅ∠んΒあョ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇グカ ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ チ ∀ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠キ∠ヱ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ͡ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ケ⊥ やｚギャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムジ あ ヨ∠ Α⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡∇ダヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡ツル⊥ Ι ∠ ゅｚル͡ま り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや (168. And We have broken t hem (t he Jews) up int o various separat e groups on t he eart h: some of t hem are right eous and some are away from t hat . And We t ried t hem wit h good (blessings) and evil (calamit ies) in order t hat t hey might t urn (t o Allah).) (169. Then aft er t hem succeeded an (evil) generat ion, which inherit ed t he Book, but t hey chose (for t hemselves) t he goods of t his low life saying: "(Everyt hing) will be forgiven t o us.'' And if (again) t he offer of t he like (evil pleasures of t his world) came t heir way, t hey would (again) seize t hem (would commit t hose sins). Was not t he covenant of t he Book t aken from t hem t hat t hey would not say about Allah

anyt hing but t he t rut h And t hey have st udied what is in it (t he Book). And t he home in t he Hereaft er is bet t er for t hose who have Taqwa. Do not you t hen underst and) (170. And as t o t hose who hold fast t o t he Book (act on it s t eachings) and perform t he Salah, cert ainly We shall never wast e t he reward of t hose who do right eous deeds.)

The Children of Israel scatter throughout the Land Allah st at es t hat He divided t he Jews int o various nat ions, sect s and groups,

チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ∇やヲ⊥レム⊥ ∇シや モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レら∠ ャ͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡ヘャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ (And We said t o t he Children of Israel aft er him (aft er Musa died): "Dwell in t he land, t hen, when t he final and t he last promise comes near, We shall bring you alt oget her as a mixed crowd (gat hered out of various nat ions).'') 17:104

びマ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レあョぴ (some of t hem are right eous and some are away from t hat ), some of t hem are led aright and some are not right eous, j ust as t he Jinns declared,

ペ ∠ も͡ へ∠ゲデ ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ゅｚレョ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ゅｚレ͡ョ ゅｚルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔キ∠ギホ͡ ("There are among us some t hat are right eous, and some t he cont rary; we are groups having different ways (religious sect s).'') 72:11 Allah said here,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ヲヤ∠よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We t ried t hem), and t est ed t hem,

びれ ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ͡ろ⇒∠レ∠ジ∠エ∇ャゅ͡よぴ (wit h good and evil), wit h t imes of ease, difficult y, eagerness, fear, well-being and afflict ion,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (in order t hat t hey might t urn (t o Allah)) Allah said next ,

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥をケ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ブ∇ヤ∠カ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ブ ∠ ヤ∠ガ ∠ プ∠ ぴ びヴ∠ル∇キΙ ｘ や や∠グ⇒∠ワ チ ∠ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ (Then aft er t hem succeeded an (evil) generat ion, which inherit ed t he Book, but t hey chose (for t hemselves) t he goods of t his low life) This Ayah means, aft er t he generat ion made up of right eous and unright eous people, anot her generat ion came t hat did not have goodness in t hem, and t hey inherit ed t he Tawrah and st udied it . Muj ahid comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びヴ∠ル∇キΙ ｘ や や∠グ⇒∠ワ チ ∠ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ぴ (They chose (for t hemselves) t he goods of t his low life) "They will consume anyt hing t hey can consume in t his life, whet her legally or illegally. Yet , t hey wish for forgiveness,

ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ チ ∀ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゲ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ピΒ⊥ シ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びロ⊥ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ (Saying: "(Everyt hing) will be forgiven for us.'' And if (again) t he offer of t he like came t heir way, t hey would (again) seize t hem.)'' Qat adah comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びヴ∠ル∇キｘΙや や∠グ⇒∠ワ チ ∠ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ぴ (t hey chose (for t hemselves) t he goods of t his low life) "This, by Allah, is an evil generat ion,

びょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥をケ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (which inherit ed t he Book) aft er t heir Prophet s and Messengers, for t hey were ent rust ed wit h t his j ob by Allah's command t o t hem. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

びり∠ ヲ⇒∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ハゅ∠ッぺ∠ ∀ブ∇ヤ∠カ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ブ ∠ ヤ∠ガ ∠ プ∠ ぴ

(Then, t here has succeeded t hem a post erit y who neglect t he Salah (t he prayers).) 19:59 Allah said next ,

ゲ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ピΒ⊥ シ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ル∇キｘΙや や∠グ⇒∠ワ チ ∠ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ぴ びゅ∠レ∠ャ (They chose t he goods of t his low life saying: "(Everyt hing) will be forgiven t o us.'') They wish and hope from Allah, while deceiving t hemselves,

びロ⊥ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ チ ∀ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if (again) t he offer of t he like came t heir way, t hey would (again) seize t hem.) Not hing st ops t hem from t his behavior, for whenever t hey are given an opport unit y in t his life, t hey will consume regardless of it being allowed or not .'' As-Suddi said about Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ブ∇ヤ∠カ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ブ ∠ ヤ∠ガ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then aft er t hem succeeded an (evil) generat ion) unt il,

びヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥シケ∠ キ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey have st udied what is in it (t he Book).) "Every t ime t he Children of Israel appoint ed a j udge, he used t o t ake bribes. The best ones among t hem held a counsel and t ook covenant s from each t hat t hey would not t ake bribes. However, when one of t hem would t ake bribes in ret urn for j udgment and was asked, ` What is t he mat t er wit h you; you t ake a bribe t o grant j udgment ', he replied, ` I will be forgiven.' So t he rest of his people would admonish him for what he did. But when he died, or was replaced, t he one who replaced him would t ake bribes t oo. Therefore, Allah says, if t he ot hers (who admonished him) would have a chance t o loot t his world, t hey will t ake it .''' Allah said,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ͡ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ベ ⊥ ゅ∠んΒあョ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇グカ ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ びペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (Was not t he covenant of t he Book t aken from t hem t hat t hey would not say about Allah anyt hing but t he t rut h) t hus, admonishing t hem for t his behavior. Allah t ook a pledge from t hem t hat t hey would declare t he t rut h t o people and not hide it . Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ヮ⊥ ｚレレ⊥ あΒら∠ わ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ペ ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ケヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グら∠ レ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ プ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ヨを∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ わ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ((And remember) when Allah t ook a covenant from t hose who were given t he Script ure t o make it known and clear t o mankind, and not t o hide it , but t hey t hrew it away behind t heir backs, and purchased wit h it some miserable gain! And indeed worst is t hat which t hey bought ) 3:187 . Ibn Jurayj said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about t he Ayah,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ͡ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ベ ⊥ ゅ∠んΒあョ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇グカ ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ びペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (Was not t he covenant of t he Book t aken from t hem t hat t hey would not say about Allah anyt hing but t he t rut h), "Their claim t hat Allah will forgive t he sins t hey keep commit t ing wit hout repent ing from t hem.'' Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ケ⊥ やｚギャや∠ヱぴ (And t he home in t he Hereaft er is bet t er for t hose who have Taqwa Do not you t hen underst and) Encouraging t hem t o seek Allah's t remendous reward and warning t hem against His severe t orment . Allah says here, ` My reward and what I have are bet t er for t hose who avoid prohibit ions, abandon lust s and become act ive in t he obedience of t heir Lord.'

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Do not you t hen underst and) Allah says' Do not t hese people, who preferred t his life inst ead of what is wit h Me, have any sense t o prohibit t hem from t heir foolish and ext ravagant ways' Allah t hen praises t hose who adhere t o His Book, which direct s t hem t o follow His Messenger Muhammad ,

びょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムジ あ ヨ∠ Α⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And as t o t hose who hold fast t o t he Book) adhere t o it , implement it s commands and refrain from it s prohibit ions,

びリ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡∇ダヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡ツル⊥ Ι ∠ ゅｚル͡ま り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(and perform t he Salah, cert ainly We shall never wast e t he reward of t hose who do right eous deeds.)

∀ノ͡ホや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ∇やヲぁレニ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀るヤｚニ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ イ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボわ∠ ル∠ ク͡まヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱ り∃ ヲｚ ボ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ミゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ (171. And (remember) when We Nat aqna t he mount ain over t hem as if it had been a canopy, and t hey t hought t hat it was going t o fall on t hem. (We said): "Hold firmly t o what We have given you t he Tawrah , and remember t hat which is t herein (act on it s commandment s), so t hat you may fear Allah and obey Him.'')

Raising Mount Tur over the Jews, because of Their Rebellion Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ イ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボわ∠ ル∠ ク͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And (remember) when We Nat aqna t he mount ain over t hem), "We raised t he mount ain, as Allah's ot her st at ement t est ifies,

び∇ユヰ͡ ボ͡ ⇒∠んΒ͡ヨよ͡ ケ∠ ヲぁトャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バプ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And for t heir covenant , We raised over t hem t he mount ain) 4:154 .'' Also, Sufyan At h-Thawri narrat ed t hat Al-A` mash said t hat , Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The angels raised t he Mount over t heir heads, as reit erat ed by Allah's st at ement ,

びケ∠ ヲぁトャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バプ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (We raised over t hem t he mount ain) 4:154 .'' Al-Qasim bin Abi Ayyub narrat ed t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Musa lat er on proceeded wit h t hem t o t he Sacred Land. He t ook along t he Tablet s, aft er his anger subsided, and commanded t hem t o adhere t o t he orders t hat Allah ordained t o be delivered t o t hem. But t hese orders became heavy on t hem and t hey did not want t o implement t hem unt il Allah raised t he mount ain over t hem,

び∀るヤｚニ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ぴ

(as if it had been a canopy), t hat is, when t he angels raised t he mount ain over t heir heads.'' An-Nasa'i collect ed it .

∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ リ͡ョ ュ∠ キ∠ や∠￢ ヴ͡レよ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ジャ∠ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ ヰ∠ ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ｚΑあケク⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇リハ ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ル∇ギヰ͡ セ ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ルぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや∠￢ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤト ͡ ∇らヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ∠レム⊥ ͡ヤ∇ヰわ⊥ ∠プ∠ぺ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ⇔るΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΓや モ ⊥ あダヘ∠ ル⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ (172. And (remember) when your Lord brought fort h from t he Children of Adam, from t heir loins, t heir seed and made t hem t est ify as t o t hemselves (saying): "Am I not your Lord'' They said: "Yes! We t est ify,'' lest you should say on t he Day of Resurrect ion: "Verily, we were unaware of t his.'') (173. Or lest you should say: "It was only our fat hers aforet ime who t ook ot hers as part ners in worship along wit h Allah, and we were (merely t heir) descendant s aft er t hem; will You t hen dest roy us because of t he deeds of men who pract iced falsehood'') (174. Thus do We explain t he Ayat in det ail, so t hat t hey may t urn (unt o t he t rut h).)

The Covenant taken from the Descendants of Adam Allah st at ed t hat He brought t he descendant s of Adam out of t heir fat hers' loins, and t hey t est ified against t hemselves t hat Allah is t heir Lord and King and t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Him. Allah creat ed t hem on t his Fit rah, or way, j ust as He said,

ゲ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや り∠ ゲ∠ ∇トプ͡ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ リ ͡ Αあギヤ͡ャ マ ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ∇ユホ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ャ͡ モ ∠ Α͡ギ∇らゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや (So set you (O Muhammad) your face t ruly t owards t he religion, Hanifan. Allah's Fit rah wit h which He has creat ed mankind. No change let t here be in Khalqillah.) 30:30 And it is recorded in t he Two Sahihs from Abu Hurayrah who said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヮ͡ ル͡ や∠キヲあ ヰ∠ Α⊥ ロ⊥ や∠ヲよ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∩͡りゲ∠ ∇トヘ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ギ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥Α キ∃ ヲ⊥ャ∇ヲョ∠ ぁモミ⊥ » ∇モワ∠ ∠￢ゅ∠バ∇ヨ∠ィ る⇔ ヨ∠ Β͡ヰよ∠ ギ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ヨ∠ミ ヮ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠ジイ あ ヨ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ や∠ゲダ あ レ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ «￢ゅ∠ハ∇ギィ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲぁジエ ͡ ゎ⊥ (Every child is born upon t he Fit rah, it is only his parent s who t urn him int o a Jew, a Christ ian or a Zoroast rian. Just as animals are born having full bodies, do you see any of t hem having a cut off nose (when t hey are born)) . Muslim recorded t hat ` Iyad bin ` Himar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said;

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ ゅ∠イプ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ヘレ∠ ェ ⊥ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヶあルま͡ :ぶ ⊥ や メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ Α͡キ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わャ∠ゅ∠わ∇ィゅ∠プ リ ⊥ Β͡デゅ∠Βｚゼャや «ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤヤ∠∇ェぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ (Allah said, ` I creat ed My servant s Hunafa' (monot heist s), but t he devils came t o t hem and deviat ed t hem from t heir religion, prohibit ing what I allowed.) There are Hadit hs t hat ment ion t hat Allah t ook Adam's offspring from his loins and divided t hem int o t hose on t he right and t hose on t he left . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said t hat t he Prophet said,

ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ͡ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ヤ͡ャ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ » ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ ぺ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ∇リョ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ マ ∠ ∇レョ͡ れ ⊥ ∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ⇔Αギ͡ わ∠ ∇ヘョ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ ゲ͡ ∇ヰニ ∠ ヶ͡プ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ れ ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ «ヶ͡よ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ろ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヶ͡よ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ (It will be said t o a man from t he people of t he Fire on t he Day of Resurrect ion, ` If you owned all t hat is on t he eart h, would you pay it as ransom' He will reply, ` Yes.' Allah will say, ` I ordered you wit h what is less t han t hat , when you were st ill in Adam's loins, t hat is, associat e none wit h Me (in worship). You insist ed t hat you associat e wit h Me (in worship).') This was recorded in t he Two Sahihs Comment ing on t his Ayah (7:172), At -Tirmidhi recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヰニ ∠ ∇リョ͡ テ ∠ ボ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ヰニ ∠ ウ ∠ジ ∠ ョ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ ぶ ⊥ やペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠» る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ わ͡ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰボ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ る∃ ヨ∠ ジ ∠ ル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゅ⇔ダΒ͡よヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ジ∇ルま͡ モ あ ミ∠ ヶ∠レ∇Βハ ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ∇ヵぺ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ッ ∠ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ケ∃ ヲ⊥ル ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ ン ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ わ⊥ ｚΑあケク⊥ ￢͡ ゅ∠ャぽ⊥ ワ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨͡￢ゅ∠ャぽ⊥ ワ ∇リョ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ∇ヵぺ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇Βハ ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゾ ⊥ Β͡よヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ら∠ イ ∠ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ マ ∠ わ͡ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ∇リョ͡ ユ͡ ョ∠ ほ⊥∇ャや ゲ͡ カ ͡ へ ∇リョ͡ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ や∠グワ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨や∠グワ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨⊥ロゲ∠ ∇ヨハ ⊥ ろ ∠ ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ キ⊥ ヱ⊥ や∠キ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇らワ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ∇ヵぺ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩⇔るレ∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Βあわシ ͡ ロ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ュ∠ キ∠ へ ゲ⊥ ∇ヨハ ⊥ ヴ∠ツ∠ボ∇ルや ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ る⇔ レ∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヵ͡ゲ∇ヨハ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヵ͡ゲ∇ヨハ ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ペ ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや マ ⊥ ヤ∠ョ∠ ギ∠ エ ∠イ ∠ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨∠キヱ⊥ や∠キ マ ∠ レ∠ ∇よや ゅ∠ヰト ͡ ∇バゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ る⇔ レ∠ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ｚΑあケク⊥ ∇ろΒジ ∠ レ͡ プ∠ ュ⊥ キ∠ へ ヶ ∠ジ ͡ ル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ｚΑあケク⊥ ∇れギ∠ エ ∠イ ∠ プ∠ ュ⊥ キ∠ へ «ヮ⊥わΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ ∇ろゃ∠ ト ͡ガ ∠ プ∠ ュ⊥ キ∠ へ ￢∠ ヴ͡トカ ∠ ヱ∠ (When Allah creat ed Adam, He wiped Adam's back and every person t hat He will creat e from him unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion fell out from his back. Allah placed a glimmering light bet ween t he eyes of each one of t hem. Allah showed t hem t o Adam and Adam asked, ` O Lord! Who are t hey' Allah said, ` These are your offspring.' Adam saw a man from among t hem whose light he liked. He asked, ` O Lord! Who is t his man' Allah said, ` This is a man from t he lat t er generat ions of your offspring. His name is Dawud.' Adam said, ` O Lord! How many years would he live' Allah said, ` Sixt y years.' Adam said, ` O Lord! I have forfeit ed fort y years from my life for him.' When Adam's life came t o an end, t he angel of deat h came t o him (t o t ake his soul). Adam said, ` I st ill have fort y years from my life t erm, don't I' He said, ` Have you not given it t o your son Dawud' So Adam denied t hat and his offspring followed suit (denying Allah's covenant ), Adam forgot and his offspring forgot , Adam made a mist ake and his offspring made mist akes.) At -Tirmidhi said, "This Hadit h is Hasan Sahih, and it was report ed from various chains of narrat ion t hrough Abu Hurayrah from t he Prophet ''. Al-Hakim also recorded it in his Must adrak,

and said; "Sahih according t o t he crit eria of Muslim, and t hey did not record it .'' These and similar Hadit hs t est ify t hat Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, brought fort h Adam's offspring from his loins and separat ed bet ween t he inhabit ant s of Paradise and t hose of t he Fire. Allah t hen said,

びヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ジャ∠ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ ヰ∠ ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and made t hem t est ify as t o t hemselves (saying): "Am I not your Lord'' They said: "Yes!'') Therefore, Allah made t hem t est ify wit h t hemselves by circumst ance and words. Test imony is somet imes given in words, such as,

びゅ∠レジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギヰ͡ セ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They will say: "We bear wit ness against ourselves.'') 6:130 At ot her t imes, t est imony is given by t he people t hemselves, such as Allah's st at ement ,

ぶや ギ∠ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ジョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヨ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ びゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ͡ヰジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒∠セ (It is not for t he Mushrikin, (polyt heist s) t o maint ain t he mosques of Allah, while t hey t est ify against t heir own selves of disbelief.) 9:17 This Ayah means t hat t heir disbelief t est ifies against t hem, not t hat t hey act ually t est ify against t hemselves here. Anot her Ayah of t his t ype is Allah's st at ement ,

び ∀ギΒ͡ヰゼ ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t o t hat he bears wit ness (by his deeds). ) 100:7 The same is t he case wit h asking, somet imes t akes t he form of words and somet imes a sit uat ion or circumst ance. For inst ance, Allah said,

びロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ あモミ⊥ リあョ ユ⊥ミゅ∠ゎへ∠ヱぴ (And He gave you of all t hat you asked for.) 14:34 Allah said here,

び∇やヲャ⊥ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ (lest you should say), on t he Day of Resurrect ion

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇リハ ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡まぴ (we were of t his) of Tawhid

びゅ∠ルぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや∠￢ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇ヱほ∠レ∠ Β͡ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ビぴ (unaware. Or lest you should say: "It was only our fat hers aforet ime who t ook ot hers as part ners in worship along wit h Allah,'') 7:172-173

ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ オ ∠ ヤ∠ジ ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や￢ ン͡グャｚや ほ∠ら∠ ル∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇ゎや∠ヱぴ ゅ∠レ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ヱゅ∠ピ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ バ∠ ら∠ ∇ゎほ∠プ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ヲワ∠ ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ギ∠ ヤ∠∇カぺ∠ ヮ⊥ レｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バプ∠ ゲ∠ ャ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ゑヰ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇モヨ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ラ͡ま ょ ͡ ∇ヤム∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ヨ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠レ͡わ⇒∠Αゅ∠ん⇒͡よ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゑ∠ヰ∇ヤΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ミゲ⊥ ∇わゎ∠ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ￢∠ べ∠シ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ゾ ∠ ダ ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ゾ ͡ ダ ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ュ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや び (175. And recit e t o t hem t he st ory of him t o whom We gave Our Ayat , but he t hrew t hem away; so Shayt an followed him up, and he became of t hose who went ast ray.) (176. And had We willed, We would surely have elevat ed him t herewit h, but he clung t o t he eart h and followed his own vain desires. So his parable is t he parable of a dog: if you drive him away, he pant s, or if you leave him alone, he (st ill) pant s. Such is t he parable of t he people who rej ect Our Ayat . So relat e t he st ories, perhaps t hey may reflect .) (177. Evil is t he parable of t he people who rej ect ed Our Ayat , and used t o wrong t hemselves.)

Story Bal` am bin Ba` ura ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

オ ∠ ヤ∠ジ ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や￢ ン͡グャｚや ほ∠ら∠ ル∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇ゎや∠ヱぴ びゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ (And recit e t o t hem t he st ory of him t o whom We gave Our Ayat , but he t hrew t hem away) "Is about Bal` am bin Ba` ura' a man from t he Children of Israel.'' Shu` bah and several ot her narrat ors narrat ed t his st at ement from Mansur who got it from Ibn Mas` ud. Sa` id bin Abi ` Arubah narrat ed t hat Qat adah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "He is Sayfi, son of Ar-Rahib.'' Qat adah comment ed t hat Ka` b said, "He was a man from Al-Balqla' (a province of Jordan) who knew Allah's Great est Name. He used t o live in Bayt Al-Maqdis wit h t he t yrant s.'' Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "He is Bal` am bin Ba` ura', a man from Yemen whom Allah had given t he knowledge of His Ayat , but he abandoned t hem.'' Malik bin Dinar said, "He was one of t he scholars of t he Children of Israel whose supplicat ion was accept able. They used t o seek his lead in suplicat ion in t imes of difficult y. Allah's Prophet Musa sent him t o t he King of Madyan t o call him t o Allah. That king appeased him and gave him land and gift s, and he revert ed from t he religion of Musa and followed t he king's religion.'' ` Imran bin ` Uyaynah narrat ed t hat ` Husayn said t hat ` Imran bin Al-Harit h said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "He is Bal` am son of Ba` ura'.'' Similar was said by Muj ahid and ` Ikrimah. Therefore, it is well-known t hat t his honorable Ayah was revealed about a man from t he Children of Israel in ancient t imes, according t o Ibn Mas` ud and several ot hers among t he Salaf. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "He is a man from t he cit y of t he t yrant s (Jerusalem) whose name was Bal` am and who knew Allah's Great est Name.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah also report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "When Musa and t hose wit h him went t o t he cit y of t he t yrant s (Jerusalem), t he cousins of Bal` am and his people came t o him and said, ` Musa is a st rong man, and he has many soldiers. If he gains t he upper hand over us, we will be dest royed. Therefore, supplicat e t o Allah t hat He prevent s Musa and t hose wit h him from prevailing over us.' Bal` am said, ` If I supplicat e t o Allah t hat He t urns back Musa and t hose wit h him, I will lose in t his life and t he Hereaft er.' They kept luring him unt il he supplicat ed against Musa and his people, and Allah t ook away what he best owed on him (of knowledge). Hence Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ バ∠ ら∠ ∇ゎほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ オ ∠ ヤ∠ジ ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プぴ (but he t hrew t hem away; so Shayt an followed him up).''' Allah said next ,

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ギ∠ ヤ∠∇カぺ∠ ヮ⊥ レｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バプ∠ ゲ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びロ⊥ や∠ヲワ∠ ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ (And had We willed, We would surely have elevat ed him t herewit h but he clung t o t he eart h and followed his own vain desires.) Allah said,

びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バプ∠ ゲ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(And had We willed, We would surely have elevat ed him t herewit h) from t he filt h of t his eart hly life t hrough t he Ayat t hat We gave him knowledge of,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ギ∠ ヤ∠∇カぺ∠ ヮ⊥ レｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but he clung t o t he eart h), he became int erest ed in t he adornment of t his life and it s delight s. He indulged in t he lust s of life and it s j oys and was deceived by it , j ust as life deceived ot hers like him, wit hout sound comprehension or a good mind. Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar narrat ed from Salim, from Abu An-Nadr t hat when Musa ent ered t he land of Bani Canaan in t he area of Ash-Sham (Great er Syria), t he people of Bal` am came t o him, saying, "This is Musa, son of ` Imran wit h t he Children of Israel. He want s t o drive us out from our land, kill us and replace us wit h t he Children of Israel. We are your people and have no ot her dwelling area. You are a person whose supplicat ion is accept able (t o Allah), so go out and supplicat e t o Allah against t hem.'' He said, "Woe t o you! Here is Allah's Prophet (Musa) wit h whom t he angels and believers are! How can I supplicat e against t hem when I know from Allah what I know'' They said, "We have no ot her dwelling area.'' So t hey kept luring and begging him unt il he was t empt ed by t he t rial and went on his donkey t owards Mount Husban, which was behind t he Israelit e milit ary barracks. When he proceeded on t he Mount for a while, t he donkey sat down and refused t o proceed. He got off t he donkey and st ruck it unt il it st ood up again and he rode it . The donkey did t he same aft er a lit t le while, and he st ruck it again unt il it st ood up... So he proceeded and t ried t o supplicat e against Musa and his people. However, Allah made his t ongue ment ion his people wit h evil and t he Children of Israel wit h good inst ead of his people, who prot est ed, "O Bal` am! What are you doing You are supplicat ing for t hem and against us!'' He said, "It is against my will. This is a mat t er t hat Allah has decided.'' He t hen said t o t hem, as his t ongue was made t o loll out of his mout h, "Now I have lost t his life and t he Hereaft er.'' This Ayah was revealed about t he st ory of Bal` am son of Ba` ura'

オ ∠ ヤ∠ジ ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や￢ ン͡グャｚや ほ∠ら∠ ル∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇ゎや∠ヱぴ びゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ (And recit e t o t hem t he st ory of him t o whom We gave Our Ayat , but he t hrew t hem away.), unt il,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (perhaps t hey may reflect .) Allah said next ,

∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ゑヰ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇モヨ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ラ͡ま ょ ͡ ∇ヤム∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ びゑ∠ヰ∇ヤΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ミゲ⊥ ∇わゎ∠ (So his parable is t he parable of a dog: if you drive him away, he pant s, or if you leave him alone, he (st ill) pant s.) Scholars of Tafsir have conflict ing opinions regarding t he meaning of

t his Ayah. Some scholars said t hat it refers t o t he end of Bal` am's t ongue which flickered out of his mout h, as in t he st ory narrat ed from Ibn Ishaq, from Salim, from Abu An-Nadr. Therefore, his example is t he example of t he dog, it s t ongue pant s regardless of whet her it is driven away or not . It was also said t hat t he meaning here is a parable of t his man -- and his like -concerning t heir misguidance, persist ing t he wrong pat h and not being able t o benefit from fait h or comprehend what t hey are being called t o. So his example is t hat of a dog which pant s whet her it was driven away or left alone. The person described here does not benefit from t he advice or t he call t o fait h, j ust as if t he advice and call never occurred. Allah said in anot her Ayah, k

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ͡ レ⊥ゎ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ケグ∠ ル∠ぺ￢∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シぴ (It is t he same t o t hem (disbelievers) whet her you warn t hem or do not warn t hem, t hey will not believe.) 2:6 and,

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ラ͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シやぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ り⇔ ゲｚ ョ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ (Whet her you ask forgiveness for t hem (hypocrit es) or ask not forgiveness for t hem -- (and even) if you ask sevent y t imes for t heir forgiveness -- Allah will not forgive t hem.) 9:80 and similar Ayat . It was also said t hat t he meaning here, is t hat t he heart of t he disbeliever, t he hypocrit e and t he wicked is weak and devoid of guidance. Therefore, it keeps falt ering. Similar was narrat ed from Al-Hasan Al-Basri.

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ゾ ∠ ダ ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ゾ ͡ ダ ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プぴ (So relat e t he st ories, perhaps t hey may reflect ) Allah said next t o His Prophet Muhammad ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ゾ ∠ ダ ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ゾ ͡ ダ ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プぴ (So relat e t he st ories, perhaps t hey may) t he Children of Israel, who have knowledge ot t he st ory of Bal` am and what happened t o him when Allah allowed him t o st ray and expelled him from His mercy. Allah favored him by t eaching him His Great est Name, by which, if He is asked, He will grant , and if He is called upon, He answers. But Bal` am used it in disobedience t o Allah and invoked Him against His own part y of t he people of fait h, followers of His servant and Messenger during t hat t ime, Musa, t he son of ` Imran, peace be upon him, whom Allah spoke t o direct ly,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ

(perhaps t hey may reflect .) and avoid Bal` am's behavior, for Allah has given t he Jews knowledge and made t hem superior t o t he bedouins surrounding t hem. He gave t hem t he descript ion of Muhammad which would allow t hem t o recognize him, as t hey recognize t heir own children. They, among people, have t he most right t o follow, aid and support Muhammad , in obedience t o t heir Prophet s who informed t hem of him and commanded t hem t o follow him. Therefore, whoever among t hem defies t he knowledge in t heir Books or hides it from t he servant s, Allah will place disgrace on him in t his life, followed by humiliat ion in t he Hereaft er. Allah said,

びゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ュ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ￢∠ べ∠シぴ (Evil is t he parable of t he people who rej ect ed Our Ayat .) Allah says, evil is t he example of t he people who deny Our Ayat in t hat t hey are equat ed wit h dogs t hat have no int erest but t o collect food and sat isfy lust s.' Therefore, whoever goes out of t he area of knowledge and guidance, and seeks sat isfact ion for his lust s and vain desires, is j ust like a dog; what an evil example. The Sahih recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ょ ͡ ∇ヤム∠ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ヮ͡ わ͡ ら∠ ワ͡ ヶ͡プ ギ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠バ∇ャや ∩͡￢∇ヲジ ｚ ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠» «ヮ͡ゃ∇Βホ∠ ヶ͡プ キ⊥ ヲ⊥バΑ∠ (The evil example is not suit able for us: he who goes back on his gift is j ust like t he dog t hat eat s it s vomit .) Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey used t o wrong t hemselves.) means, Allah did not wrong t hem, but t hey wronged t hemselves by rej ect ing guidance, not obeying t he Lord, being cont ent wit h t his life t hat will soon end, all t he while seeking t o fulfill desires and obey lust s.

マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ∇モヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ン͡ギ∠わ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ リ∠ョぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ (178. Whomsoever Allah guides, he is t he guided one, and whomsoever He sends ast ray, -- t hen t hose! They are t he losers.) Allah says, whomever He leads aright , t hen none can lead him t o misguidance, and whomever He leads ast ray, will have acquired failure, loss and sure misguidance. Verily, what ever Allah wills occurs; and what ever He does not will, does not occur. A Hadit h narrat ed from ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud reads,

ヮ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ⊥ Β͡バわ∠ ∇ジル∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇エル∠ ぶ ͡ ギ∠ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ゲセ ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ク⊥ ヲ⊥バル∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジル∠ ヱ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ｚモツ ͡ ョ⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∩ゅ∠レャ͡ゅ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ヵ ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠ワ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ぶ ⊥ やモ ͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇らハ ∠ や⇔ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ Α͡ゲセ ∠ ゅ∠ャ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ «ヮ⊥ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ (All praise is due t o Allah, Whom we praise and seek help, guidance and forgiveness from. We seek refuge wit h Allah from t he evils wit hin ourselves and from t he burden of our evil deeds. He whom Allah guides, will never be misled; and he whom He misguides, will never have one who will guide him. I bear wit ness t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah wit hout part ners and t hat Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.) The complet e Hadit h was collect ed by Imam Ahmad and t he collect ors of Sunan and ot hers.

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ルΗ ͡ や∠ヱ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ イ ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ぺ∠ケ∠ク ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ Ι ｚ ∀リΒ⊥ ∇ハ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ Ι ｚ ∀ゆヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΕ ∠ ゅ∠ミ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ べ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ｚ ∀ラや∠クや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ピ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ (179. And surely, We have creat ed many of t he Jinn and mankind for Hell. They have heart s wherewit h t hey underst and not , and t hey have eyes wherewit h t hey see not , and t hey have ears wherewit h t hey hear not (t he t rut h). They are like cat t le, nay even more ast ray; t hose! They are t he heedless ones.)

Disbelief and the Divine Decree Allah said,

びユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ イ ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ぺ∠ケ∠ク ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And surely, We have creat ed for Hell) We made a share in t he Fire for,

びザ ͡ ∇ルΗ ͡ や∠ヱ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ぴ (many of t he Jinn and mankind) We prepared t hem for it by t heir performance of t he deeds of it s people. When Allah int ended t o creat e t he creat ion, He knew what t heir work will be before t hey exist ed. He wrot e all t his in a Book, kept wit h Him, fift y t housand years before He creat ed t he heavens and eart h. Muslim recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ペ ∠ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ Α͡キゅ∠ボョ∠ ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ る∃ レ∠ シ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ジ∇ヨガ ∠ よ͡ チ ∠ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ れ ͡ や∠ヲヨ∠ ジ ｚ ャや «￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ セ ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ (Verily, Allah decided t he dest inat ion and due measurement of t he creat ion fift y t housand years before He creat ed t he heavens and eart h, and His Throne was over t he wat er.) There are many Hadit hs on t his subj ect , and cert ainly, t he mat t er of Al-Qadar is of ut most import ance, yet t his is not where we should discuss it . Allah said,

Ι ｚ ∀リΒ⊥ ∇ハ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ Ι ｚ ∀ゆヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ぴ びべ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ｚ ∀ラや∠クや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ダ∇らΑ⊥ (They have heart s wherewit h t hey underst and not , and t hey have eyes wherewit h t hey see not , and t hey have ears wherewit h t hey hear not .) meaning, t hey do not benefit from t hese senses t hat Allah made for t hem as a means of gaining guidance. Similarly, Allah said,

ヴ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ べ∠ヨ∠プ り⇔ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バ∇ヨシ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ∇ヨシ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギエ ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇クま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ (And We had assigned t hem t he (facult ies of) hearing, seeing, and heart s; but t heir hearing, seeing, and t heir heart s availed t hem not hing since t hey used t o deny t he Ayat .) 46:26 . Allah also said about t he hypocrit es,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∀ヴ∇ヨハ ⊥ ∀ユ∇ムよ⊥ ユｘ タ ⊥ ぴ

((They are) deaf, dumb, and blind, so t hey ret urn not (t o t he right pat h)) 2:18 , and about t he disbelievers,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∀ヴ∇ヨハ ⊥ ∀ユ∇ムよ⊥ ユｘ タ ⊥ ぴ ((They are) deaf, dumb and blind. So t hey do not underst and.) 2:171 However, t hey are not deaf, dumb or blind, except relat ion t o t he guidance. Allah said;

∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ヨ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ヨ∠ ∇シΕ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョぁ ユ⊥ワヱｚ ∇やヲｚャ∠ヲ∠わ∠ャ (Had Allah known of any good in t hem, He would indeed have made t hem list en; and even if He had made t hem list en, t hey would but have t urned away wit h aversion (t o t he t rut h).) 8:23 ,

ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヨ∇バゎ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヨ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ びケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ヴ͡わャｚや (Verily, it is not t he eyes t hat grow blind, but it is t he heart s which are in t he breast s t hat grow blind.) 22:46 , and,

ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ト∇Βセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ヂΒあ ボ∠ ル⊥ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ズ ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Β∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ∀リΑ͡ゲ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰョぁ ユ⊥ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ (And whosoever t urns away blindly from t he remembrance of t he Most Gracious (Allah), We appoint for him Shayt an t o be an int imat e companion t o him. And verily, t hey hinder t hem from t he pat h, but t hey t hink t hat t hey are guided aright !) 43:36-37 Allah's st at ement ,

びユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΕ ∠ ゅ∠ミ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (They are like cat t le), means, t hose who neit her hear t he t rut h, nor underst and it , nor see t he guidance, are j ust like grazing cat t le t hat do not benefit from t hese senses, except for what sust ains t heir life in t his world. Allah said in a similar Ayah,

Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ペ ⊥ バ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び￢⇔ へギ∠ ル͡ ヱ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ハキ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (And t he example of t hose who disbelieve is as t hat of one who shout s t o t hose who hear not hing but calls and cries.) 2:171 meaning, t heir example, when t hey are called t o t he fait h, is t he example of cat t le t hat hear only t he voice of t heir shepherd, but cannot underst and what he is saying. Allah furt her described t hem

びモ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (nay even more ast ray), t han cat t le, because cat t le st ill respond t o t he call of t heir shepherd, even t hough t hey do not underst and what he is saying. As for t he people described here, t hey are unlike cat t le, which fulfill t he purpose and service t hey were creat ed for. The disbeliever was creat ed t o worship Allah alone in Tawhid, but he disbelieved in Allah and associat ed ot hers in His worship. Therefore, t hose people who obey Allah are more honorable t han some angels, while cat t le are bet t er t han t hose who disbelieve in Him. So Allah said;

ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΕ ∠ ゅ∠ミ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ピ∇ャや (They are like cat t le, nay even more ast ray; t hose! They are t he heedless ones.)

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヱ⊥ケク∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇キゅ∠プ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⊥ べ∠ヨ∇シΕ ∠ や ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イΒ⊥ シ ∠ ヮ͡ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇シぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギエ ͡ ∇ヤΑ⊥ (180. And (all) t he Most Beaut iful Names belong t o Allah, so call on Him by t hem, and leave t he company of t hose who belie His Names. They will be requit ed for what t hey used t o do.)

Allah's Most Beautiful Names Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇リョ∠ ∩や⇔ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ ゅｚャま͡ る⇔ も∠ ゅ͡ョ ゅ⇔ヨ∇シや リ ∠ Β͡バ∇ジゎ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バ∇ジゎ͡ ぶ ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡» «ゲ∇ゎヲ͡ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ∀ゲ∇ゎ͡ヱ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ダ∇ェぺ∠ (Verily, Allah has ninet y-nine Names, a hundred less one; whoever count s (and preserves) t hem, will ent er Paradise. Allah is Wit r (One) and loves Al-Wit r (t he odd numbered t hings),) The Two Sahihs collect ed t his Hadit h. We should st at e t hat Allah's Names are not rest rict ed t o only ninet y-nine. For inst ance, in his Musnad, Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said;

ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ラ ∀ ゴ∠ ェ ∠ ゅャ∠ヱ∠ ユｘ ワ∠ テ ぁ ホ∠ や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ» ヶ ｚ プ͡ チ ∃ ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡わΒ∠ タ ͡ ゅ∠ル ∩∠マわ͡ ョ∠ ぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ∩∠ポギ⊥ ∇ら∠ハ ヶあルま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ユ∃ ∇シや あモム⊥ よ͡ マ ∠ ャ⊥ほ∠∇シぺ∠ ∩∠ポぼ⊥ ゅ⊥ツホ∠ ヶ ｚ プ͡ ∀メ∇ギ∠ハ ∩∠マヨ⊥ ∇ムェ ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヶヘ͡ヰヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇ャゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ろ ∠ ∇Βヨｚ シ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ユ͡ ∇ヤハ ͡ ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ よ͡ れ ∠ ∇ゲを∠ ∇ほわ∠ ∇シや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ マ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヨヤｚハ ∠ ノ∠ Β͡よケ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ へゲ⊥ボ∇ャや モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ポ ∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ワク∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ル∇ゴェ ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠ヤィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヵ͡ケ∇ギタ ∠ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ルヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ら∇ヤホ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ メ ∠ ギ∠ ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨｚ ワ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ∇ゴェ ⊥ ぶ ⊥ や ょ ∠ ワ∠ ∇クぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∩ヶあヨワ∠ «ゅ⇔ェゲ∠ プ∠ (Any person who is overcome by sadness or grief and supplicat es, ` O Allah! I am Your servant , son of Your female servant . My forelock is in Your Hand. Your decision concerning me shall cert ainly come t o pass. Just is Your Judgement about me. I invoke You by every Name t hat You have and t hat You called Yourself by, sent down in Your Book, t aught t o any of Your creat ures, or kept wit h You in t he knowledge of t he Unseen t hat is wit h You. Make t he Glorious Qur'an t he spring of my heart , t he light of my chest , t he remover of my grief and t he dissipat er of my concern.' Surely, Allah will remove his grief and sadness and exchange t hem for delight .) The Prophet was asked "O Messenger of Allah! Should we learn t hese words'' He said,

«ゅ∠ヰヨ∠ ヤｚバ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰバ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇リョ∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ヶ͡ピら∠ ∇レΑ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ »

(Yes. It is an obligat ion on all t hose who hear t his supplicat ion t o learn it .) Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇シぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギエ ͡ ∇ヤΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヱ⊥ケク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and leave t he company of t hose who belie His Names) "To belie Allah's Names includes saying t hat Al-Lat (an idol) derived from Allah's Name.'' Ibn Jurayj narrat ed from Muj ahid t hat he comment ed,

びヮ͡ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇シぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギエ ͡ ∇ヤΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヱ⊥ケク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and leave t he company of t hose who belie His Names) "They derived Al-Lat (an idol's name) from Allah, and Al-` Uzza (anot her idol) from Al-` Aziz (t he All-Might y).'' Qat adah st at ed t hat Ilhad refers t o associat ing ot hers wit h Allah in His Names (such as calling an idol Al-` Uzza). The word Ilhad used in t he Ayah in anot her from means deviat ion, wickedness, inj ust ice and st raying. The hole in t he grave is called Lahd, because it is a hole wit hin a hole, t hat is t urned t owards t he Qiblah (t he direct ion of t he prayer).

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∇ヰ∠Α ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ べ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (181. And of t hose whom We have creat ed, t here is a communit y who guides (ot hers) wit h t he t rut h, and est ablishes j ust ice t herewit h.) Allah said,

びべ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And of t hose whom We have creat ed), in reference t o some nat ions,

びる∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ぴ (a communit y), t hat st ands in t rut h, in words and act ion,

びペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∇ヰ∠Αぴ (who guides (ot hers) wit h t he t rut h), t hey proclaim it and call t o it ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and est ablishes j ust ice t herewit h), adhere t o it t hemselves and j udge by it . It was report ed t hat t his Ayah refers t o t he Ummah of Muhammad . In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Mu` awiyah bin Abi Sufyan said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ャ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲワ͡ ゅ∠ニ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ ゅ∠デ メ ⊥ や∠ゴゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» ュ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヘ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠カ ∇リョ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠グ∠ カ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ «る∠ハゅｚジャや (There will always be a group of my Ummah who are apparent on t he Trut h, unabat ed by t hose who fail or oppose t hem, unt il t he (Last ) Hour commences.) rIn anot her narrat ion, t he Messenger said,

«マ͡ャク∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ヶ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠» (Unt il Allah's command (t he Last Hour) comes while t hey are st ill like t his. ) and in yet anot her narrat ion,

«ュゅｚゼャゅ͡よ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ » (And t hey will dwell in Ash-Sham (Great er Syria).)

Ι ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ヰィ ⊥ ケ͡ ∇ギわ∠ ∇ジレ∠ シ ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α び ∀リΒ͡わョ∠ ン͡ギ∇Βミ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∇ョぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (182. Those who rej ect Our Ayat , We shall gradually seize t hem wit h punishment in ways t hey perceive not .) (183. And I respit e t hem; cert ainly My plan is st rong.) Allah said,

Ι ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ヰィ ⊥ ケ͡ ∇ギわ∠ ∇ジレ∠ シ ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α

(Those who rej ect Our Ayat , We shall gradually seize t hem in ways t hey perceive not ) meaning, t he doors of provisions will be opened for t hem and also t he means of livelihood, in t his life. They will be deceived by all t his and t hink t hat t hey are on t he correct pat h. Allah said in anot her inst ance,

あモミ⊥ ゆ ∠ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミあ ク⊥ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ェゲ͡ プ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ よ͡ や∠キ ノ∠ ト ͡ ボ⊥ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジヤ͡∇らョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (So, when t hey forgot (t he warning) wit h which t hey had been reminded, We opened for t hem t he gat es of every (pleasant ) t hing, unt il in t he midst of t heir enj oyment in t hat which t hey were given, all of a sudden, We t ook t hem (in punishment ), and lo! They were plunged int o dest ruct ion wit h deep regret s and sorrow. So t he root of t he people who did wrong was cut off. And all t he praises and t hanks are t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s.) 6:44-45 . Allah said here,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And I respit e t hem) prolong what t hey are in,

び∀リΒ͡わョ∠ ン͡ギ∇Βミ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (cert ainly My plan is st rong) and perfect .

Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ る∃ レｚ ィ ͡ リあョ ユ͡ヰら͡ ェ ͡ ゅ∠ダよ͡ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル (184. Do t hey not reflect There is no madness in t heir companion. He is but a plain warner.) Allah said,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Do t hey not reflect ) ` t hose who deny Our Ayat ,'

びユ͡ヰら͡ ェ ͡ ゅ∠ダよ͡ ゅ∠ョぴ (t here is not in t heir companion), Muhammad ,

びる∃ レｚ ィ ͡ リあョぴ (madness) Muhammad is not mad, rat her, he is t ruly t he Messenger of Allah, calling t o Trut h,

び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ぴ (but he is a plain warner), and t his is clear for t hose who have a mind and a heart by which t hey underst and and comprehend. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

びラ ∃ ヲ⊥レ∇イヨ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ら⊥ エ ͡ ⇒∠タ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And (O people) your companion is not a madman.) 81:22 Allah also said,

ヴ∠レ∇んョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ り∃ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヌ ⊥ハ ͡ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ る∃ レｚ ィ ͡ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ら͡ エ ͡ ⇒∠ダよ͡ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ン∠キや∠ゲプ⊥ ヱ∠ び ギ∃ Α͡ギセ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ンギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル Ι ｚ ま͡ (Say: "I exhort you t o one (t hing) only, t hat you st and up for Allah's sake in pairs and singly, and reflect , t here is no madness in your companion. He is only a warner t o you in face of a severe t orment .'') 34:46 meaning, ` I ask you t o st and for Allah in sincerit y wit hout st ubbornness or bias,'

びン∠キや∠ゲプ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠レ∇んョ∠ ぴ (in pairs and singly) 34:46 individuals and in groups,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and reflect ) 34:46 , about t his man who brought t he Message from Allah, is he mad If you do t his, it will become clear t o you t hat he is t he Messenger of Allah in t rut h and j ust ice. Qat adah

bin Di'amah said, "We were informed t hat t he Prophet of Allah once was on (Mount ) As-Safa and called t he Quraysh, subt ribe by subt ribe, proclaiming,

ぶ ͡ や サ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ グｚ エ ∠ プ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ヶ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠Α ∩∃ラゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ヶ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠Α» «ぶや ノ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ヱ∠ (O Children of so-and-so, O Children of so-and-so! He warned t hem against Allah's might and what He has done (such as revenge from His enemies).) Some of t hem comment ed, ` This companion of yours (Prophet Muhammad) is mad; he kept shout ing unt il t he morning' Allah sent down t his Ayah,

Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ る∃ レｚ ィ ͡ リあョ ユ͡ヰら͡ ェ ͡ ゅ∠ダよ͡ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル (Do t hey not reflect There is no madness in t heir companion. He is but a plain warner) 7:184 .'''

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや れ ͡ ヲ⊥ムヤ∠ョ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ギ͡ ホ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゑ ∃ Α͡ギェ ∠ ヵ あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホや (185. Do t hey not look in t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h and all t hings t hat Allah has creat ed; and t hat it may be t hat t he end of t heir lives is near. In what message aft er t his will t hey t hen believe) Allah asks, t hose who denied fait h, did t hey not cont emplat e about Our Ayat in t he kingdom of t he heavens and eart h and what was creat ed in t hem Do t hey not cont emplat e about all t his and learn lessons from it , so t hat t hey are cert ain t hat He Who has all t his, has no equal or rival All t his was made by He Who Alone deserves t he worship and sincere religion, so t hat t hey might have fait h in Him and believe in His Messenger, all t he while t urning t o Allah's obedience, rej ect ing any rivals t o Him, and rej ect ing idols. They should be warned t hat t heir lifes may have reached t heir end, and t hey, t hus, face t heir demise while disbelievers, ending up in Allah's t orment and severe punishment . Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゑ ∃ Α͡ギェ ∠ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ぴ (In what message aft er t his will t hey t hen believe) Allah says, what more warnings, and discouragement s should compel t hem t o believe, if t he warnings and t hreat s t hat Muhammad brought t hem from Allah in His Book do not compel t hem t o do so Allah said next ,

ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ グ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヵ ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠ワ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ (186. Whomsoever Allah sends ast ray, none can guide him; and He let s t hem wander blindly in t heir t ransgressions.) Allah says, t hose who were dest ined t o be misguided, t hen none can lead t hem t o guidance, and even if t hey t ry t heir best effort t o gain such guidance, t his will not avail t hem,

びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヨゎ∠ リヤ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや キ͡ ゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whomsoever Allah want s t o put in Fit nah (error, because of his rej ect ing of Fait h, or t rial), you can do not hing for him against Allah) 5:41 , and,

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ や∠クゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ルや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ リ∠ハ ケ⊥ グ⊥ ぁレャや∠ヱ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ΑΓや ヴ͡レ∇ピゎ⊥ (Say: "Behold all t hat is in t he heavens and t he eart h,'' but neit her Ayat nor warners benefit t hose who believe not ) 10:101 .

ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠シ∇ゲョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Αぴ ∇ろヤ∠ボ⊥ を∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰわ͡ ∇ホヲ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒあヤ∠イΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ヴ ｘ ヘ͡ ェ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚほ∠ミ∠ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Α び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (187. They ask you about t he Hour (Day of Resurrect ion): "When will be it s appoint ed t ime'' Say: "The knowledge t hereof is wit h my Lord (Alone). None can reveal it s t ime but He. Heavy is it s burden t hrough t he heavens and t he eart h. It shall not come upon you except all of a sudden.'' They ask you as if you have a good knowledge of it . Say: "The knowledge t hereof is wit h Allah (Alone), but most of mankind know not .'')

The Last Hour and its Portents Allah said here,

びる͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Αぴ (They ask you about t he Hour), j ust as He said in anot her Ayah,

びる͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや リ ͡ハ ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや マ ∠ ヤ⊥⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ ぴ (People ask you concerning t he Hour) 33:63 . It was said t hat t his Ayah was revealed about t he Quraysh or t he Jews, alt hough it appears t hat it was about t he Quraysh, because t his Ayah was revealed in Makkah. The Quraysh used t o ask about t he Last Hour, because t hey used t o deny it and discount it s coming. For inst ance, Allah said in anot her Ayah,

びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ギ⊥ ∇ハヲ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠わョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey say: "When will be t his promise (t he t orment or t he Day of Resurrect ion), if you speak t he t rut h'') 10:48 , and,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰよ͡ モ ⊥イ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ぴ ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ び ギ∃ Β͡バよ∠ モ ∠ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ヴ∠プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケゅ∠ヨΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや (Those who believe not t herein seek t o hast en it , while t hose who believe are fearful of it , and know t hat it is t he very t rut h. Verily, t hose who disput e concerning t he Hour are cert ainly in error far away) 42:18 . Allah said here (t hat t he Quraysh asked),

びゅ∠ヰ⇒∠シ∇ゲョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅｚΑぺ∠ぴ ("When will be it s appoint ed t ime'') in reference t o it s commencement , according t o ` Ali bin Abi Talhah who report ed t his from Ibn ` Abbas. They asked about t he Hour's appoint ed t erm and when t he end of t his world will begin;

Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰわ͡ ∇ホヲ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒあヤ∠イΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びヲ∠ ワ⊥ (Say: "The knowledge t hereof is wit h my Lord (Alone). None can reveal it s t ime but He.'') Allah commanded His Messenger t hat when asked about t he appoint ed t erm of t he Last Hour, he referred it s knowledge t o Allah, t he Exalt ed. Only Allah knows t he Last Hour's appoint ed t erm and when it will cert ainly occur, and none besides Him has t his knowledge,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ろヤ∠ボ⊥ を∠ ぴ (Heavy is it s burden t hrough t he heavens and t he eart h) ` Abdur-Razzaq narrat ed t hat Ma` mar said t hat Qat adah comment ed on t his Ayah,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ろヤ∠ボ⊥ を∠ ぴ (Heavy is it s burden t hrough t he heavens and t he eart h) "It s knowledge is heavy on t he resident s of t he heavens and eart h, t hey do not have knowledge in it .'' Also, Ma` mar said t hat Al-Hasan comment ed on t his Ayah, "When t he Last Hour comes, it will be heavy on t he resident s of t he heavens and eart h.'' Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas explained t his Ayah,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ろヤ∠ボ⊥ を∠ ぴ (Heavy is it s burden t hrough t he heavens and t he eart h, ) saying, "All creat ures will suffer it s heaviness on t he Day of Resurrect ion.'' Ibn Jurayj also said about t his Ayah,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ろヤ∠ボ⊥ を∠ ぴ (Heavy is it s burden t hrough t he heavens and t he eart h.) "When it commences, t he heavens will be t orn, t he st ars will scat t er all over, t he sun will be wound round (t hus losing it s light ), t he mount ains will be made t o pass away and all of which Allah spoke of will occur. This is t he meaning of it s burden being heavy.'' As-Suddi said t hat ,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ろヤ∠ボ⊥ を∠ ぴ (Heavy is it s burden t hrough t he heavens and t he eart h) means, it s knowledge is hidden in t he heavens and eart h, and none, not even a close angel or a sent Messenger has knowledge of it s appoint ed t ime.

びる⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (It shall not come upon you except all of a sudden) indicat ing t hat t he Hour will st art all of a sudden, while t hey are unaware. Qat adah said, "Allah has decided t hat ,

びる⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (It shall not come upon you except all of a sudden.) He t hen said, "We were informed t hat Allah's Prophet said,

ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ダΑ⊥ モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや∠ヱ ∩サ ͡ ゅｚレャゅ͡よ ア ⊥ Β͡ヰゎ∠ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ラ ｚ ま͡» ユ⊥ ボ͡ Α⊥ モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや∠ヱ ∩⊥ヮわ∠ Β∠ セ ͡ ゅ∠ョ ヶ͡ボ∇ジΑ∠ モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ッ ∠ ∇ヲェ ∠ «ヮ⊥バプ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ や∠ゴΒ͡ョ ヂ ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ガΑ∠ ヱ∠ ベ ͡ ヲぁジャや ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ わ∠ バ∠ ∇ヤシ ͡ The Hour will st art (suddenly) for t he people while one is mending his wat ering hole, giving wat er t o his cat t le, set t ing his goods in t he market or lowering his scale and raising it (selling and buying).''' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇リョ͡ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや ノ∠ ヤ⊥∇トゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» ∩∠ラヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ やヲ⊥レョ∠ へ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ワへ∠ゲプ∠ ∇ろバ∠ ヤ∠デ ∠ ク∠ み͡プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ろレ∠ ョ∠ へ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ リ ∠ Β͡ェ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ プ∠ リ ｚ ョ∠ ヲ⊥ボわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ゅ∠ヰル͡ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ヶ͡プ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ よ∠ ∇ヲを∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヤィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ル∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ギ͡ ホ∠ ヱ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや リ ｚ ョ∠ ヲ⊥ボわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ .ヮ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠Αヲ͡ ∇トΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ゅバ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠らわ∠ Α∠ リ ｚ ョ∠ ヲ⊥ボわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮヨ⊥ バ∠ ∇トΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ エ ∠ ∇ボャ͡ リ ͡ ら∠ ヤ∠よ͡ モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや フ ∠ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ∇ルや ∩͡ヮΒ͡プ ヶ͡ボ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ッ ∠ ∇ヲェ ∠ テ ⊥ Β͡ヤΑ∠ ヲ⊥ワヱ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや

ヮ͡ Βプ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ヤ∠∇ミぺ∠ ノ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ∇ギホ∠ モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや∠ヱ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや リ ｚ ョ∠ ヲ⊥ボわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ «ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ バ∠ ∇トΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ (The Hour will not commence unt il t he sun rises from t he west . When it rises (from t he west ) and t he people see it , t hen, all people will believe. However, t his is when fait h does not benefit a soul t hat did not believe beforehand nor earned good in fait h. The Hour will (all of a sudden) commence while t wo men have spread a garment bet ween t hem, and t hey will neit her have t ime t o conclude t he t ransact ion nor t o fold t he garment . The Hour will commence aft er a man milked his animal, but he will not have t ime t o drink it . The Hour will st art when a man is making his wat ering hole (for his animals), but will not have t ime t o make use of t he pool. And t he Hour will commence while a man has raised his hand wit h a bit e t o his mout h, but will not eat it .) Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah,

びゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ヴ ｘ ヘ͡ ェ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚほ∠ミ∠ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Αぴ (They ask you as if you have good knowledge of it .) "As if you have good relat ions and friendship wit h t hem!'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "When t he people (pagans of Quraysh) asked t he Prophet about t he Last Hour, t hey did so in a way as if Muhammad was t heir friend! Allah revealed t o him t hat it s knowledge is wit h Him Alone and He did not inform a close angel or Messenger of it .'' The correct explanat ion for t his Ayah is, as narrat ed from Muj ahid, t hrough Ibn Abi Naj ih,

びゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ヴ ｘ ヘ͡ ェ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚほ∠ミ∠ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Αぴ (They ask you as if you have Hafi of it .) means, ` as if you had asked about it s t ime and so it s knowledge is wit h you.' Allah said,

Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゅヨ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α (Say: "The knowledge t hereof is wit h Allah (Alone), but most of mankind know not .'') When Jibril came in t he shape of a bedouin man t o t each t he people mat t ers of t heir religion, he sat next t o t he Messenger of Allah asking him as if t o learn. Jibril asked t he Messenger about Islam, t hen about Iman (fait h) t hen about Ihsan (Excellence in t he religion). He asked next , "When will t he Hour st art '' Allah's Messenger said,

«モ͡もゅｚジャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇ハほ∠よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ メ ⊥ ヱ⊥ぽ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ»

(He who is asked about it has no more knowledge of it t han t he quest ioner.) Therefore, t he Prophet was saying, ` I have no more knowledge in it t han you (O Jibril), nor does anyone have more knowledge in it t han anyone else.' The Prophet t hen recit ed t he Ayah,

びる͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ユ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah, wit h Him (Alone) is t he knowledge of t he Hour.) 31:34 In anot her narrat ion, Jibril asked t he Prophet about t he port ent s of t he Hour, and t he Prophet ment ioned t hem. The Prophet also said in t his narrat ion,

«ぶや ゅｚャま͡ ｚリヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ザ ∃ ∇ヨカ ∠ ヶ͡プ» (Five, t heir knowledge is only wit h Allah) t hen recit ed t his Ayah (31:34). In response t o t he Prophet 's answers aft er each quest ion, Jibril would say, "You have said t he t rut h.'' This made t he Companions wonder about t his quest ioner who would ask a quest ion and at t est t o every answer he was given. When Jibril went away, t he Messenger of Allah said t o t he Companions,

«ユ⊥ムレ∠ Αキ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤバ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ゎぺ∠ モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ や∠グワ∠ » (This is Jibril, he came t o t each you mat t ers of your religion.) In yet anot her narrat ion, t he Prophet comment ed,

ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇プゲ∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚャま͡ り∃ ケ∠ ヲ⊥タ ヶ͡プ ヶ͡ルゅ∠ゎぺ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ » «ロ͡グ∠ワ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥タ (I recognized him (Jibril) in every shape he came t o me in, except t his one.) Muslim recorded t hat ` Aishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said; "When t he bedouins used t o come t o t he Prophet , t hey used t o ask him about t he Hour. The Prophet would answer t hem, while point ing at t he youngest person among t hem,

∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヴｚわェ ∠ ュ⊥ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇ミケ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ や∠グワ∠ ∇ズバ͡ Α∠ ∇ラま͡» «ユ⊥ムわ⊥ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ (If t his (young man) lives, he will not become old before your Hour st art s.) The Prophet meant t he end of t heir life t hat int roduces t hem t o t he life in Barzakh, which is bet ween t his life and t he Hereaft er. Muslim recorded t hat Anas said t hat a man asked Allah's Messenger about t he Hour, and t he Messenger answered,

ュ⊥ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ミ∠ ケ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ∠ジバ∠ プ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤピ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グワ∠ ∇ズバ͡ Α∠ ∇ラま͡» «る∠ハゅｚジャや ュ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ (If t his young boy lives, it might be t hat he will not become old before t he Hour st art s.) Only Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h. Jabir bin ` Abdullah said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah saying, one mont h before he died,

∩͡ぶや ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡るハ ∠ ゅｚジャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジゎ∠ » ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ∇リョ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇ヰニ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ヱ∠ «る∠レシ ∠ る⊥ も∠ ゅ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヶ͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ る∃ シ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇レョ∠ (You keep asking me about t he Hour, when it s knowledge is wit h Allah. I swear by Allah t hat t here is no living soul on t he face of t he eart h now will be alive a hundred years from now.) Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h. A similar Hadit h is recorded in Two Sahihs from Ibn ` Umar, but he comment ed, "The Messenger of Allah meant t hat his generat ion will be finished by t hat t ime reach it s appoint ed t erm.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn Mas` ud said t hat t he Prophet said,

∩ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ヶ͡よ ヵ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇シぺ⊥ る∠ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠» ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ や∇ヱキぁ ∠ゲ∠プ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ やヱ⊥ゲミ∠ や∠グわ∠ プ∠ やヱぁキゲ∠ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヶ͡ャ ユ∠ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゅ∠ャ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩⊥ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ Β∠ヤハ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ やヱぁキゲ∠ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヶ͡ャ ユ∠ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゅ∠ャ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ ら∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ :ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ヶ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ギ∠ ヰ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プヱ∠ ∩ｚモィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヶ͡バョ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∀ァ͡ケゅ∠カ メ ∠ ゅｚィギｚ ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ∩⊥ソゅ∠タゲｚ ャや ゆ ⊥ ヱ⊥グΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠ク ヶ͡ルへ∠ケ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ラゅ∠らΒ͡ツホ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヶ͡ルへ∠ケ や∠クま͡ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ム⊥ ヤ͡∇ヰΒ⊥ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ

や⇔ゲプ͡ ゅ∠ミ ヶ͡わ∇エゎ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゲ∠ イ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ∠ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや ｚユを⊥ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ム⊥ ヤ͡∇ヰΒ⊥ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩ヮ⊥ ∇ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プ メ ∠ ゅ∠バわ∠ プ∠ ギ∠ ∇レバ͡ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ∩∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠デ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠ヤよ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ノ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ゆ ∃ ギ∠ ェ ∠ あモミ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ァ ⊥ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほ∠ョ∠ヱ ァ ⊥ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほΑ∠ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅｚャま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇ユワ⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠ヤよ͡ ∠ラヱ⊥ほ∠ト∠Β∠プ ∩∠ラヲ⊥ヤジ ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ :ロヲ⊥よゲ͡ セ ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ￢∃ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲヨ⊥ Α∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ∠ や ヲ⊥ハ∇キほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ム∇ゼΒ∠ プ∠ ヶ ｚ ャ͡ま サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ノ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇リョ͡ チ ⊥ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ン∠ヲ∇イゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ム⊥ ヤ͡∇ヰΒ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇レΒ⊥ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩⊥リわ͡ ∇レゎ⊥ ∇ヵぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ エ ͡ Α͡ケ リ ͡ ∇わル∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ グ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠ジ∇ィぺ∠ フ ⊥ ゲ͡ わ∠ ∇イΒ∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ ト ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ブ ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇レゎ⊥ ｚユを⊥ :ラヱケゅワ リよ ギΑゴΑ メゅホ .ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ゑ ͡ Α͡ギェ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ノ∠ ィ ∠ ケ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡ユΑ͡キほ∠∇ャや ギｚ ョ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ギぁ ヨ∠ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ヶ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ギ∠ ヰ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡ヘプ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩∃ユ∇Βゼ ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ャ あユわ͡ ヨ⊥ ャや モ ͡ ョ͡ ゅ∠エ∇ャゅ∠ミ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∠マャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や∠クま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ «や⇔ケゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヤ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠ャヲ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゃ⊥ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ヘゎ⊥ ヴ∠わョ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇ワぺ∠ ヵ͡ケ∇ギΑ∠ (During t he night of Isra', I met Ibrahim, Musa and ` Isa. They ment ioned t he mat t er of t he Last Hour, and t hey asked Ibrahim about it , who said, ` I do not have knowledge of it .' They asked Musa about it and he said, ` I have no knowledge of it .' They t hen asked ` Isa about it , and he said, ` As for when it will occur, only Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, knows t hat . My Lord has conveyed t o me t hat t he Daj j al (False Messiah) will appear, and I will have t wo st affs (spears) wit h me. When he sees me, he will dissolve j ust as lead is dissolved. Allah will dest roy him when he sees me, and t he t ree and t he st one will say, ` O Muslim! There is a disbeliever under (behind) me, so come and kill him.' Allah will dest roy t hem (t he Daj j al and his army), and t he people will safely go back t o t heir lands and areas. Thereaft er, Gog and Magog will appear, and t hey will be swarming from every mound, sweeping over t he eart h and dest roying

everyt hing t hey pass by. They will drink every wat er source t hey pass. The people will come t o me complaining about Gog and Magog and will invoke Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, against t hem, and Allah will bring deat h t o all of t hem unt il t he eart h rot s wit h t heir st inking odor. Allah will send down rain on t hem and t he rain will carry t heir corpses, unt il it t hrows t hem in t he sea... My Lord, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored has conveyed t o me t hat when t his occurs, t he Hour will be j ust like t he pregnant women when t he t erm of pregnancy is full, her family does not know when she will surprise t hem and give birt h, whet her by night or by day.) Ibn Maj ah also collect ed a similar Hadit h Therefore t hese are t he great est of t he Messengers but t hey did not have knowledge of t he appoint ed t erm of t he Hour. They asked ` Isa about it and he spoke about it s Signs, since he will descend in t he last generat ions of t his Ummah, implement ing t he Law of Allah's Messenger , killing t he Daj j al and dest roying Gog and Magog people by t he blessing of his supplicat ion. ` Isa merely informed t hem of t he knowledge Allah gave him on t his subj ect . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Hudhayfah said, "The Messenger of Allah was asked about t he Hour and he said,

ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰわ͡ ∇ホヲ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒあヤ∠イΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡» リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰト ͡ Α͡ケゅ∠ゼヨ∠ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ら͡ ∇カほ⊥シ ∠ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ヲワ⊥ «ゅ⇔ィゲ∠ ワ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∩ゅ∠ヰ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ (It s knowledge is wit h my Lord, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, none can reveal it s t ime except Him. However, I will t ell you about it s port ent s and t he signs t hat precede it . Before it commences, t here will be Fit nah (t rials) and Harj .) They asked, ` O Allah's Messenger! We know t he meaning of t he Fit nah, so what is t he Harj ' He said,

«モ∇わボ∠ ∇ャや る͡ ゼ ∠ ら∠ エ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ͡ ゅ∠ジヤ͡よ͡ » (It means killing, in t he Language of t he Et hiopians. ) He t hen said,

フ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩⊥ゲミ⊥ ゅ∠レわｚ ャや サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ヱ∠ » «や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ (Isolat ion and loneliness will be common bet ween people, and t herefore, almost no one will be able t o recognize any ot her.)'' None among t he collect ors of t he six Sunan collect ed t his Hadit h using t his chain of narrat ion. Tariq bin Shihab said t hat t he Messenger of Allah kept ment ioning t he Last Hour for people kept asking about it , unt il t his Ayah was revealed,

びゅ∠ヰ⇒∠シ∇ゲョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Αぴ (They ask you about t he Hour (Day of Resurrect ion): "When will be it s appoint ed t ime''). AnNasa'i collect ed t his Hadit h, which has a st rong chain. Therefore, t his unlet t ered Prophet , t he

chief of t he Messengers and t heir Seal, Muhammad, may Allah's peace and blessings be on him, Muhammad, t he Prophet of mercy, repent ance, Al-Malhmah (great demise of t he disbelievers), Al-` Aqib (who came aft er many Prophet s), Al-Muqaffi (t he last of a succession) and Al-Hashir (below whom will all people be gat hered on t he Day of Gat hering ) Muhammad who said, as collect ed in t he Sahih from Anas and Sahl bin Sa` d,

«リ∇Βゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰミ∠ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや∠ヱ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ » (My sending and t he Hour are like t his,) and he j oined his index and middle fingers. Yet , he was commanded t o defer knowledge of t he Last Hour t o Allah if he was asked about it ,

Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α (Say: "The knowledge t hereof is wit h Allah (alone), but most of mankind know not .'')

￢∠ べ∠セ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ や６ゲッ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バ∇ヘル∠ ヴ͡ジ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ョぺ∠ Ι ∠ モ⊥ホぴ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ れ ⊥ ∇ゲん∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シΙ ∠ ょ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ゲ∀ Β͡ゼよ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ￢⊥ ヲぁジャや ヴ ∠ レ͡ ジ ｚ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ (188. Say : "I possess no power over benefit or harm t o myself except as Allah wills. If I had t he knowledge of t he Ghayb (Unseen), I should have secured for myself an abundance of wealt h, and no evil should have t ouched me. I am but a warner, and a bringer of glad t idings unt o people who believe.'')

The Messenger does not know the Unseen, and He cannot bring Benefit or Harm even to Himself Allah commanded His Prophet t o ent rust all mat t ers t o Him and t o inform, about himself, t hat he does not know t he unseen fut ure, but he knows of it only what Allah informs him. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇ヌΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ハぴ

((He Alone is) t he All-Knower of t he Ghayb (Unseen), and He reveals t o none His Ghayb.) 72:26 Ad-Dahhak report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

びゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ れ ⊥ ∇ゲん∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シΙ ∠ ょ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (If I had t he knowledge of t he Ghayb (Unseen), I should have secured for myself an abundance of wealt h.) refers t o money. In anot her narrat ion, Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "I would have knowledge of how much profit I would make wit h what I buy, and I would always sell what I would make profit from,

び￢⊥ ヲぁジャや ヴ ∠ レ͡ ジ ｚ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ("and no evil should have t ouched me.'') and povert y would never t ouch me.'' Ibn Jarir said, "And ot hers said, ` This means t hat if I know t he Unseen t hen I would prepare for t he years of famine during t he prosperous years, and in t he t ime of high cost , I would have prepared for it .''' ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam also comment ed on t his Ayah;

び￢⊥ ヲぁジャや ヴ ∠ レ͡ ジ ｚ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ("and no evil should have t ouched me. ''), "I would have avoided and saved myself from any t ype of harm before it comes.'' Allah t hen st at ed t hat t he Prophet is a warner and bearer of good news. He warns against t he t orment and brings good news of Paradise for t he believers,

ヮ͡ よ͡ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇レゎ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ゲ∠ ゼ あ ら∠ わ⊥ ャ͡ マ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ジヤ∠よ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲジ ｚ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プぴ び や⇔ギ∂ ャぁ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ (So We have made t his (t he Qur'an) easy on your t ongue, only t hat you may give glad t idings t o t he pious, and warn wit h it t he most quarrelsome of people.) 19:97

ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘルｚ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ Κ ⇔ ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ∠ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ワゅｚゼピ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ リ ∠ ム⊥ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∠ィ∇ヱ∠コ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや や∠ヲハ ∠ キｚ ろ∠ヤボ∠ ∇をぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇れゲｚ ヨ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡ヘカ ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムレ∠ ャｚ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢

ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや￢ べ∠ヨΒ͡プ ￢べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ Κ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや￢ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ び-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ヤ⇒∠バわ∠ プ∠ (189. It is He Who has creat ed you from a single person, and (t hen) He has creat ed from him his wife, in order t hat he might enj oy t he pleasure of living wit h her. When he covered had sexual relat ion wit h her, she became pregnant and she carried it about (light ly). Then when it became heavy, t hey bot h invoked Allah, t heir Lord (saying): "If You give us a Salih (good in every aspect ) child, we shall indeed be among t he grat eful.'') (190. But when He gave t hem a Salih child, t hey ascribed part ners t o Him (Allah) in t hat which He has given t o t hem. High be Allah, Exalt ed above all t hat t hey ascribe as part ners t o Him.)

All Mankind are the Offspring of Adam Allah st at es t hat He has creat ed all mankind from Adam, peace be upon him, and from Adam, He creat ed his wife, Hawwa' and from t hem, people st art ed t o spread. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ヴ∠ん∇ルぺ⊥ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ミ∠ ク∠ リあョ ユ⊥ム⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚル͡ま サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ∇ユム⊥ ョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ⇒∠バわ∠ ャ͡ モ ∠ も͡ べ∠らホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔よヲ⊥バセ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ボ∇ゎぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ∠ハ (O mankind! We have creat ed you from a male and a female, and made you int o nat ions and t ribes, t hat you may know one anot her. Verily, t he most honorable of you wit h Allah is t hat (believer) who has Taqwa) 49:13 , and,

ザ ∃ ∇ヘルｚ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚよケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ びゅ∠ヰ∠ィ∇ヱ∠コ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ (O mankind! Have Taqwa of your Lord, Who creat ed you from a single person, and from him He creat ed his wife.) 4:1 In t his honorable Ayah, Allah said;

びゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ リ ∠ ム⊥ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∠ィ∇ヱ∠コ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And (t hen) He has creat ed from him his wife, in order t hat he might enj oy t he pleasure of living wit h her.) so t hat he is int imat e and compassionat e wit h her. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ゅ⇔ィ∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ びる⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ キｚ ヲ∠ ョｚ ユ⊥ムレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レム⊥ ∇ジわ∠ ャあ (And among His Signs is t his, t hat He creat ed for you wives (spouses) from among yourselves, t hat you may find repose in t hem, and He has put bet ween you affect ion and mercy.) 30:21 Indeed, t here is no int imacy bet ween t wo souls like t hat bet ween t he spouses. This is why Allah ment ioned t hat t he sorcerer might be able wit h his t rick t o separat e bet ween a man and his wife t hus indicat ing t he difficult y of separat ing t hem in normal circumst ances . Allah said next ,

びゅ∠ワゅｚゼピ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (When he covered her) meaning had sexual int ercourses wit h her.

びゅ⇔ヘΒ͡ヘカ ∠ Κ ⇔ ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ∠ ェ ∠ぴ (she became pregnant and she carried it about light ly) in reference t o t he first st age of pregnancy when t he woman does not feel pain, for at t hat t ime, t he fet us will be j ust a Nut fah (t he mixt ure of t he male and female discharge), t hen becomes an ` Alaqah (a piece of t hick coagulat ed blood) and t hen a Mudghah (a small lump of flesh). Allah said next ,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ∇れゲｚ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and she carried it about ), she cont inued t he pregnancy, according t o Muj ahid. It was report ed t hat Al-Hasan, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i and As-Suddi said similarly. Maymun bin Mahran report ed t hat his fat her said, "She found t he pregnancy unnot iceable.'' Ayyub said, "I asked Al-Hasan about t he Ayah,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ∇れゲｚ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and she carried it about ) and he said, ` Had you been an Arab, you would know what it means! It means t hat she cont inued t he pregnancy t hrough it s various st ages .''' Qat adah said,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ∇れゲｚ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and she carried it about (light ly).), means, it became clear t hat she was pregnant . Ibn Jarir comment ed, "This Ayah means t hat t he liquid remained, whet her she st ood up or sat down.'' Al` Awfi recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The semen remained in, but she was unsure if she became pregnant or not ,

びろ∠ヤ∠ボ∇を∠ぺ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then when it became heavy), she became heavier wit h t he fet us'', As-Suddi said, "The fet us grew in her womb.''

びゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや や∠ヲハ ∠ キｚ ぴ (t hey bot h invoked Allah, t heir Lord (saying): "If You give us a Salih child,) if he is born human in every respect . Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "They feared t hat t heir child might be born in t he shape of an animal!'' while Abu Al-Bakht ri and Abu Malik comment ed, "They feared t hat t heir newborn might not be human.'' Al-Hasan Al-Basri also comment ed, "If You (Allah) give us a boy.''

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムレ∠ ャ∠ぴ べ∠ヨΒ͡プ ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ Κ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ヤ⇒∠バわ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ (we shall indeed be among t he grat eful. But when He gave t hem a Salih child, t hey ascribed part ners t o Him (Allah) in t hat which He has given t o t hem. High be Allah, Exalt ed above all t hat t hey ascribe as part ners t o Him.) 7:189-190 Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Al-Hasan comment ed on t his part of t he Ayah,

びゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ヨΒ͡プ ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ Κ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ぴ (t hey ascribed part ners t o Him (Allah) in t hat which He has given t o t hem) "This occurred by followers of some religion, not from Adam or Hawwa' .'' Al-Hasan also said, "This Ayah refers t o t hose among t he offspring of Adam who fell int o Shirk,

びゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ヨΒ͡プ ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ Κ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ぴ (t hey ascribed part ners t o Him (Allah) in t hat which He has given t o t hem.)'' Qat adah said, "AlHasan used t o say t hat it refers t o t he Jews and Christ ians. Allah gave t hem children, and t hey t urned t hem int o Jews and Christ ians.'' The explanat ions from Al-Hasan have aut hent ic chains of narrat ion leading t o him, and cert ainly, it is one of t he best int erpret at ions. This Ayah should t herefore be underst ood t his way, for it is apparent t hat it does not refer t o Adam and Hawa', but about t he idolat ors among t heir offspring. Allah ment ioned t he person first Adam and Hawwa' and t hen cont inued t o ment ion t he species mankind, many of whom commit t ed Shirk . There are similar cases in t he Qur'an. For cases, Allah said

びウ ∠ Β͡ら⇒∠ダヨ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅｚレΑｚ コ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed We have adorned t he nearest heaven wit h lamps) It is well-known t hat t he st ars t hat were made as lamps in t he sky are not t he same as t he shoot ing missiles t hat are t hrown at t he devils ment ioned lat er in t he Ayah . There are similar inst ances in t he Qur'an. Allah knows best .

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヤ∠∇ガΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ぺ∠ぴ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ダル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ Ι ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わヨ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ュぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇キゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ん∇ョぺ∠ ∀キゅ∠ら͡ハ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇ュぺ∠ べ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∇ケ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ぺ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ べ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ ∀リΒ⊥ ∇ハ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ べ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼト ͡ ∇らΑ∠ ギ∃ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲバ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∀ラや∠クや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ Βあ ャ͡ヱ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ レ⊥ゎ Κ ∠ プ∠ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギΒ͡ミ ｚユを⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ヴｚャヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ダル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ラま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Α び ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ダ∇らΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ (191. Do t hey at t ribut e as part ners t o Allah t hose who creat ed not hing but t hey t hemselves are creat ed) (192. No help can t hey give t hem, nor can t hey help t hemselves.) (193. And if you call t hem t o guidance, t hey follow you not . It is t he same for you whet her you call t hem or you keep silent .) (194. Verily, t hose whom you call upon besides Allah are servant s like you. So call upon t hem and let t hem answer you if you are t rut hful.) (195. Have t hey feet wherewit h t hey walk Or have t hey hands wherewit h t hey hold Or have t hey eyes wherewit h t hey see Or have

t hey ears wherewit h t hey hear Say: "Call your (so-called) part ners (of Allah) and t hen plot against me, and give me no respit e!) (196. Verily, my prot ect or is Allah Who has revealed t he Book (t he Qur'an), and He prot ect s t he right eous.) (197. And t hose whom you call upon besides Him (Allah) cannot help you nor can t hey help t hemselves.) (198. And if you call t hem t o guidance, t hey hear not and you will see t hem looking at you, yet t hey see not .'')

Idols do not create, help, or have Power over Anything Allah admonishes t he idolat ors who worshipped idols, rivals and images besides Him, alt hough t hese obj ect s were creat ed by Allah, and neit her own anyt hing nor can t hey bring harm or benefit . These obj ect s do not see or give aid t o t hose who worship t hem. They are inanimat e obj ect s t hat neit her move, hear, or see. Those who worship t hese obj ect s are bet t er t han t hey are, for t hey hear see and have st rengt h of t heir own. Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヤ∠∇ガΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ぺ∠ぴ (Do t hey at t ribut e as part ners t o Allah t hose who creat ed not hing but t hey t hemselves are creat ed) meaning, ` Do you associat e wit h Allah ot hers t hat neit her creat e, nor have power t o creat e anyt hing' Allah said in anot her Ayah,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ モ ∀ ん∠ ョ∠ ゆ ∠ ゲ͡ ッ ⊥ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ヲ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔よゅ∠よク⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ リ∠ャ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グボ͡ レ∠わ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠よグぁ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇らヤ⊥∇ジΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ケギ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ - ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤ∇トヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ⊥ ャ͡ゅｚトャや ブ ∠ バ⊥ ッ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ び ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ン ｘ ヲ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ロ͡ ケ͡ ∇ギホ∠ ペ ｚェ ∠ (O mankind! A similit ude has been coined, so list en t o it (carefully): Verily, t hose on whom you call besides Allah, cannot creat e (even) a fly, even t hough t hey combine t oget her for t he purpose. And if t he fly snat ches away a t hing from t hem, t hey will have no power t o release it from t he fly. So weak are (bot h) t he seeker and t he sought . They have not est imat ed Allah His right ful est imat e. Verily, Allah is All-St rong, Almight y) 22:73-74 . Allah st at es t hat if all false gods of t he disbelievers gat her t heir st rengt h, t hey would not be able t o creat e a fly. Rat her, if t he fly st eals anyt hing from t hem, no mat t er how insignificant , and flew away, t hey would not be able t o ret rieve it . Therefore, if an obj ect is t his weak, how can it be worshipped and invoked for provisions and aid This is why Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヤ∠∇ガΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ

(... who creat ed not hing but t hey t hemselves are creat ed) t hese worshipped obj ect s t hemselves were creat ed and made. Prophet Ibrahim Al-Khalil proclaimed,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥わエ ͡ ∇レゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ("Worship you t hat which you (yourselves) carve'') 37:95 Allah said next ,

びや⇔ゲ∇ダル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (No help can t hey give t hem) t hose who worship t hem,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor can t hey help t hemselves) nor are t hey able t o aid t hemselves against t hose who seek t o harm t hem. For inst ance, Allah's Khalil, peace be upon him, broke and disgraced t he idols of his people, j ust as Allah said he did,

びリ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ⇔よ∇ゲッ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ パ ∠ や∠ゲプ∠ ぴ (Then he t urned upon t hem, st riking (t hem) wit h (his) right hand,) 37:93 and,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ や⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ や⇔クやグ∠ ィ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ぴ び (So he broke t hem t o pieces, (all) except t he biggest of t hem, t hat t hey might t urn t o it .) 21:58 Mu` adh bin ` Amr ibn Al-Jamuh and Mu` adh bin Jabal, may Allah be pleased wit h bot h of t hem, were st ill young when t hey embraced Islam aft er t he Messenger of Allah came t o AlMadinah. So t hey were at t acking t he idols of t he idolat ors at night , breaking, disfiguring t hem and using t hem as fuel for needy widows. They sought t o give a lesson t o t heir people t o make t hem aware of t heir error. ` Amr bin Al-Jamuh, who was one of t he chiefs of his people, had an idol t hat he used t o worship and perfume. The t wo Mu` adhs used t o go t o t hat idol, t urn it on it s head and t arnish it wit h animal wast e. When ` Amr bin Al-Jamuh would see what happened t o his idol, he would clean it , perfume it and leave a sword next t o it , saying, "Defend yourself.'' However, t he t wo young men would repeat t heir act ions, and he would do t he same as before. Once, t hey t ook t he idol, t ied it t o a dead dog and t hrew it in a well while t ied t o a rope! When ` Amr bin Al-Jamuh saw t his, he knew t hat his religion was false and said, "By Allah! Had you been a god who has might , you would not end up t ied t o a dog on a rope!'' ` Amr bin AlJamuh embraced Islam, and he was st rong in his Islam. He was lat er mart yred during t he bat t le of Uhud, may Allah be pleased wit h him, give him pleasure. and grant him Paradise as his dwelling. Allah said,

び∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ Ι ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if you call t hem t o guidance, t hey follow you not .) Allah says, t hese idols do not hear t he calls of t hose who worship t hem. Therefore, t he result is t he same, whet her calling t he idols or shunning t hem. Ibrahim, peace be upon said,

ヴ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ダ ͡ ∇らΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Αぴ びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ハ ("O my fat her! Why do you worship t hat which hears not , sees not and cannot avail you in anyt hing'') 19:42 Next , Allah st at es t hat t he idols were creat ed, j ust as t hose who worship t hem. Rat her, t he people are bet t er t han t he idols, because t hey are able t o hear, see and exert harm. The idols, on t he ot her hand, have no such powers. Allah said next ,

び∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Call your (so-called) part ners (of Allah)) invoke t he idols for aid against me and do not give me respit e, even for an inst ant , and give it your best effort ,

ヴｚャヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ Βあ ャ͡ヱ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや (Verily, my prot ect or is Allah Who has revealed t he Book (t he Qur'an), and He prot ect s t he right eous.) Allah's support is sufficient and He will suffice for me, He is My support er, I t rust in Him and t ake refuge wit h Him. He is my prot ect or, in t his life and t he Hereaft er, and t he prot ect or of every right eous believer aft er me. Similarly, t he people of Hud said,

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ￢∃ ヲ⊥ジよ͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ヂ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ポ ∠ や∠ゲわ∠ ∇ハや Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボルｚ ラ͡まぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ヴあルぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇セぺ⊥ ヴあルま͡ ヴあルま͡ - ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ レ⊥ゎ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥ギΒ͡ムプ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤｚミヲ∠ ゎ∠ び ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰわ͡ Β∠ タ ͡ ゅ∠レよ͡ ∀グ͡カや￢

("All t hat we say is t hat some of our gods have seized you wit h evil (madness). '' Hud replied: "I call Allah t o wit ness, and bear you wit ness t hat I am free from t hat which you ascribe as part ners in worship, wit h Him (Allah) . So plot against me, all of you, and give me no respit e. I put my t rust in Allah, my Lord and your Lord! There is not a moving (living) creat ure but He has t he grasp of it s forelock. Verily, my Lord is on a pat h t hat is st raight ) 11:54-56 . Ibrahim AlKhalil proclaimed (t o his people),

ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ゅｚョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ -リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ｚ ケ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ͡ャ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョギ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘや び ͡リΑ͡ギ∇ヰ∠Α ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヴ͡レボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや (Do you observe t hat which you have been wershipping, You and your ancient fat hers. Verily, t hey are enemies t o me, save t he Lord of all t hat exist s. Who has creat ed me, and it is He Who guides me.'') 26:75-78 He also said t o his fat her and his people,

ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢へ∠ゲ∠よ ヴ͡レルｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ - リ ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΒ∠ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ヴ͡ルゲ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ン͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ ボ͡ ハ ∠ ヴ͡プ る⇔ Β∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠よ る⇔ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ("Verily, I am innocent of what you warship. Except Him Who did creat e me; and verily, He will guide me.'' And he made it a legacy last ing among his offspring, t hat t hey may t urn back (t o Allah).) 43:26-28 Allah said here,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose whom you call upon besides Allah) unt il t he end of t he Ayah, reit erat ing what has been said earlier, but He uses direct speech t his t ime,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ダル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (cannot help you nor can t hey help t hemselves.) The Ayah,

∇ユワ⊥ や∠ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α

(And if you call t hem t o guidance, t hey hear not and you will see t hem looking at you, yet t hey see not .) is similar t o anot her Ayah,

び∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ハキ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ (If you invoke (or call upon) t hem, t hey hear not your call.) 35:14 . Allah said next ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and you will see t hem looking at you, yet t hey see not .) meaning, t hey have eyes t hat st are as if t hey see, alt hough t hey are solid. Therefore, t he Ayah t reat ed t hem as if t hey had a mind saying, Tarahum, inst ead of Taraha , since t hey are made in t he shape of humans wit h eyes drawn on t hem.

リ ∠ Β͡ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ チ͡ゲ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ フ ͡ ∇ゲバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ゲョ⊥ ∇ぺヱ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ヘバ∠ ∇ャや グ͡ カ ⊥ぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇グバ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∀パ∇ゴ∠ル リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ レｚ ビ ∠ ゴ∠ レ∠ Α∠ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨ∠シ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ (199. Show forgiveness, enj oin Al-'Urf (t he good), and t urn away from t he foolish (don't punish t hem). ) (200. And if an evil whisper comes t o you from Shayt an, t hen seek refuge wit h Allah. Verily, He is All-Hearer, All-Knower.)

Showing Forgiveness Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びヲ∠ ∇ヘバ∠ ∇ャや グ͡ カ ⊥ぴ (Show forgiveness) "Allah commanded Prophet Muhammad t o show forgiveness and t urn away from t he idolat ors for t en years. Aft erwards Allah ordered him t o be harsh wit h t hem.'' And more t han one narrat ion from Muj ahid says, "From t he bad behavior and act ions of t he people, of t hose who have not commit t ed espionage.'' And Hashim bin ` Urwah said t hat his fat her said, "Allah ordered Allah's Messenger t o pardon t he people for t heir behavior.'' And in one narrat ion, "pardon what I have allowed you of t heir behavior. In Sahih Al-Bukhari it is recorded t hat Hisham report ed from his fat her ` Urwah from his brot her ` Abdullah bin AzZubayr who said; " The Ayah ;

びヲ∠ ∇ヘバ∠ ∇ャや グ͡ カ ⊥ぴ

(Show forgiveness) was only revealed about t he peoples bad charact er.'' There is a narrat ion from Mughirah from Hisham from his fat her from Ibn ` Umar; and anot her from Hisham from his fat her from ` A'ishah, bot h of whom said similarly. And Allah knows best . Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Yunus said t hat Sufyan bin ` Uyaynah narrat ed t hat Umay said, "When Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, revealed t his Ayah,

リ ∠ Β͡ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ チ͡ゲ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ フ ͡ ∇ゲバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ゲョ⊥ ∇ぺヱ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ヘバ∠ ∇ャや グ͡ カ ⊥ぴ び (Show forgiveness, enj oin Al-` Urf (what is good), and t urn away from t he foolish) t o His Prophet , t he Messenger of Allah asked,

«モΑ͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ゅ∠Α や∠グワ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (` What does it mean, O Jibril) Jibril said, ` Allah commands you t o forgive t hose who wronged you, give t o t hose who deprived you, and keep relat ions wit h t hose who cut t heirs wit h you.''' Al-Bukhari said, "Allah said,

リ ∠ Β͡ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ チ͡ゲ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ フ ͡ ∇ゲバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ゲョ⊥ ∇ぺヱ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ヘバ∠ ∇ャや グ͡ カ ⊥ぴ び (Show forgiveness, enj oin Al-` Urf and t urn away from t he ignorant ). ` Al-` Urf', means, right eousness.'' Al-Bukhari next recorded from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "` Uyaynah bin Hisn bin Hudhayfah st ayed wit h his nephew Al-Hur bin Qays, who was among t he people whom ` Umar used t o have near him, for ` Umar used t o like t o have t he recit ers of t he Qur'an (who memorized it ) near him and would list en t o t heir opinion, regardless of whet her t hey were old or young men. ` Uyaynah said t o his nephew, ` O my nephew! You are close t o t his chief (` Umar), so ask for permission for me t o see him.' Al-Hur said ` I will ask him for you,' and he asked ` Umar for permission for ` Uyaynah t o meet him, and ` Umar gave him permission. When ` Uyaynah ent ered on ` Umar, he said, ` O Ibn Al-Khat t ab! You neit her give t o us sufficient ly nor rule wit h j ust ice bet ween us.' ` Umar became so angry t hat he almost punished ` Uyaynah. However, Al-Hur said, ` O Chief of he Fait hful! Allah, t he Exalt ed, said t o His Prophet ,

リ ∠ Β͡ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ チ͡ゲ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ フ ͡ ∇ゲバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ゲョ⊥ ∇ぺヱ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ヘバ∠ ∇ャや グ͡ カ ⊥ぴ び (Show forgiveness, enj oin Al-` Urf, and t urn away from t he foolish) Verily t his man (` Uyaynah) is one of t he fools!' By Allah, ` Umar did not do anyt hing aft er he heard t hat Ayah being recit ed, and indeed, he was one who adhered t o t he Book of Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored.'' AlBukhari recorded t his Hadit h. Some scholars said t hat people are of t wo kinds, a good-doer, so

accept his good doing and neit her ask him more t han he can bear nor what causes him hardship. The ot her kind is t he one who falls in short comings, so enj oin right eousness on him. If he st ill insist s on evil, becomes difficult and cont inues in his ignorance, t hen t urn away from him, so t hat your ignoring him might avert his evilness. Allah said in ot her inst ances,

ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ る∠ ゃ∠ Βあ ジ ｚ ャや リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ ∇ノプ∠ ∇キやぴ れ ͡ や∠ゴヨ∠ ワ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ゆ あ ケｚ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ Α∠ びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲツ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ゆ あ ケ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ヱ∠ - リ ͡ Β͡ト⇒Βｚゼャや (Repel evil wit h t hat which is bet t er. We are best -acquaint ed wit h t he t hings t hey ut t er. And say: "My Lord! I seek refuge wit h You from t he whisperings (suggest ions) of t he Shayat in (devils). And I seek refuge wit h You, My Lord! lest t hey should come near me.'') 23:96-98 and,

ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ ∇ノプ∠ ∇キや る⊥ ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ ｘ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∀り∠ヱや∠ギ∠ハ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠クみ͡プ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ べ∠ワゅｚボヤ∠Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ワゅｚボヤ∠Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヨェ ∠ び ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ナ あェ ∠ ヱ⊥ク Ι ｚ ま͡ (The good deed and t he evil deed cannot be equal. Repel (t he evil) wit h one which is bet t er, t hen verily he, bet ween whom and you t here was enmit y, (will become) as t hough he was a close friend. But none is grant ed it (t he above qualit y) except t hose who are pat ient -- and none is grant ed it except t he owner of t he great port ion in t his world.) 41:34-35 in reference t o t he advice cont ained in t hese Ayat ,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇グバ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∀パ∇ゴ∠ル リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ レｚ ビ ∠ ゴ∠ レ∠Α ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ (And if an evil whisper from Shayt an t ries t o t urn you away (from doing good), t hen seek refuge in Allah. Verily, He is t he All-Hearer, t he All-Knower) 41:36 . Allah said in t his honorable Suah,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇グバ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∀パ∇ゴ∠ル リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ レｚ ビ ∠ ゴ∠ レ∠ Α∠ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨ∠シ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ (And if an evil whisper comes t o you from Shayt an, t hen seek refuge wit h Allah. Verily, He is All-Hearer, All-Knower.) 7:200 These t hree inst ances in t he Qur'an, in Surahs Al-A` raf, AlMu'minun and As-Saj dah, are uinque in t he Qur'an. Allah encourages lenient t reat ment of evil doers, for t his might det er t hem from persist ence in t heir evil, Allah willing,

び∀ユΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ヴ ｘ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∀り∠ヱや∠ギ∠ハ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (t hen verily he, bet ween whom and you t here was enmit y, (will become) as t hough he was a close friend) 41:34 . Allah also encourages seeking refuge wit h Him from t he devils of t he Jinns. The devil will not be det erred if one is lenient wit h him, because he seeks your dest ruct ion and t ot al demise. The devil t o you, O mankind, is an open enemy, j ust as he was for your fat her before you. Ibn Jarir said, while explaining Allah's st at ement ,

び∀パ∇ゴ∠ル リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ レｚ ビ ∠ ゴ∠ レ∠ Α∠ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And if an evil whisper comes t o you from Shayt an), "If t he devil lures you t o get angry, t hus direct ing you away from forgiving t he ignorant and t owards punishing him

びヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇グバ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ (t hen seek refuge wit h Allah.) Allah commands here t o seek refuge wit h Him from t he devil's whispers,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, He is All-Hearer, All-Knower.) Allah hears t he ignorance t hat t he fools subj ect you t o, your seeking refuge wit h Him from t he devil's whispers, and t he rest of t he speech of His creat ion; none of it escapes His knowledge. He knows what drives t he lures of t he devil away from you, as well as, t he rest of what His creat ures do.'' We ment ioned t he Hadit hs concerning Ist i` adhah (seeking refuge wit h Allah) in t he beginning of t his Tafsir, so we do not need t o repeat t hem here.

リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ブ͡ゃ⇒∠デ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ｚ ョ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヱぁギヨ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル⊥ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らョぁ ユ⊥ワ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇ボΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヴ あ ピ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ (201. Verily, t hose who have Taqwa, when an evil t hought comes t o t hem from Shayt an, t hey remember (Allah), and (indeed) t hey t hen see (aright ).) (202. But (as for) t heir brot hers (t he devils' brot hers) t hey (t he devils) plunge t hem deeper int o error, and t hey never st op short .)

The Whispering of Shaytan and the People of Taqwa Allah ment ions His servant s who have Taqwa, obeying His orders, and avoid what He forbade:

び∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ｚ ョ∠ や∠クま͡ぴ (when comes t o t hem) an evil t hought , or anger, or t he whispers of Shayt an cross t heir mind, or int end t o err, or commit an error,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ ぴ (t hey remember) Allah's punishment , as well as, His t remendous reward. They remember Allah's promises and t hreat s, t hen repent , go back t o Him, seek refuge wit h Him and ask for forgiveness before deat h,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らョぁ ユ⊥ワ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (and (indeed) t hey t hen see (aright )) t hey become aright and aware of t he error of t heir ways.

A Brethren of Devils among Mankind lure to Falsehood Allah said next ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヱぁギヨ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル⊥ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(But (as for) t heir brot hers t hey plunge t hem deeper) in reference t o t he devils' brot hers among mankind. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

びリ ͡ Β͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ ∠ Α͡ケグ∠らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he spendt hrift s are brot hers of t he Shayat in) 17:27 for t hey are followers of t he Shayat in, who list en t o t hem and obey t heir orders.

びヴ あ ピ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヱぁギヨ⊥ Α∠ ぴ (They plunge t hem deeper int o error) t he devils help t hem commit sins, making t his pat h easy and appealing t o t hem

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇ボΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and t hey never st op short ) for t he devils never cease incit ing mankind t o commit errors. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇ボΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヴ あ ピ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヱぁギヨ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル⊥ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (But (as for) t heir brot hers t hey plunge t hem deeper int o error, and t hey never st op short .) "Neit her mankind st op short of t he evil t hat t hey are doing nor t he devils st op short of luring t hem. '' Therefore,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇ボΑ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (t hey never st op short ) refers t o t he devils get t ing t ired or st opping t heir whispering. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べｚル∠ぺ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び や⇔コ∂ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁコぽ⊥ ゎ∠ (See you not t hat We have sent Shayat in against t he disbelievers t o push t hem t o do evil) 19:83 persist ent ly luring t he disbelievers t o commit evil, according t o Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers.

べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ ∇Βら∠ わ∠ ∇ィや Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ る∃ Α∠ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ ユ͡ヰゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ も͡ べ∠ダよ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴあよケｚ リ͡ョ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェヲ͡Α ゅ∠ョ ノ⊥ ら͡ ゎｚ ぺ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ (203. And if you do not bring t hem a miracle, t hey say: "Why have you not brought it '' Say: "I but follow what is revealed t o me from my Lord. This (t he Qur'an) is not hing but evidences from your Lord, and a guidance and a mercy for a people who believe.'')

Idolators ask to witness Miracles Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ヰわ∠ ∇Βら∠ わ∠ ∇ィや Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (t hey say, "Why have you not brought it '') "They say, ` Why have you not received a miracle''', or, "Why have you not init iat ed or made it '' Ibn Jarir report ed t hat , ` Abdullah bin Kat hir said t hat Muj ahid said about Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ヰわ∠ ∇Βら∠ わ∠ ∇ィや Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ る∃ Α∠ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ ユ͡ヰゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And if you do not bring t hem a miracle, t hey say: "Why have you not brought it '') "They say, ` Produce a miracle of your own.''' Qat adah, As-Suddi, ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam and Ibn Jarir agreed wit h t his. Allah said next ,

びる∃ Α∠ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ ユ͡ヰゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And if you do not bring t hem an Ayah) a miracle or a sign. Similarly, Allah said,

∇ろヤｚヌ ∠ プ∠ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇メゴあ レ∠ ル⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ ルｚ ラ͡まぴ びリ ∠ Β͡バツ ͡ ⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠ (If We will, We could send down t o t hem from t he heaven a sign, t o which t hey would bend t heir necks in humilit y.) 26:4 The pagans asked t he Prophet , why did you not st rive hard t o bring us an Ayah (miracle) from Allah so t hat we wit ness it and believe in it . Allah said t o him,

びヴあよケｚ リ͡ョ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェヲ͡Α ゅ∠ョ ノ⊥ ら͡ ゎｚ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "I but follow what is revealed t o me from my Lord.'') I do not ask such t hings of my Lord. I only follow what He reveals and commands me. Therefore, if Allah sends a miracle, I will accept it . Ot herwise, I will not ask for it unless He allows me. Cert ainly, Allah is Most Wise, t he All-Knower. Allah next direct s t he servant s t o t he fact t hat t his Qur'an is t he most powerful miracle, clearest evidence and most t rue proof and explanat ion, saying,

ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ も͡ べ∠ダよ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ (This (t he Qur'an) is not hing but evidences from your Lord, and a guidance and a mercy for a people who believe.)

∇やヲ⊥わダ ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ラ ⊥ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ￢∠ ン͡ゲホ⊥ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ (204. So, when t he Qur'an is recit ed, list en t o it , and be silent t hat you may receive mercy.)

The Order to listen to the Qur'an Aft er Allah ment ioned t hat t his Qur'an is a clear evidence, guidance and mercy for mankind, He commanded t hat one list en t o t he Qur'an when it is recit ed, in respect and honor of t he Qur'an. This is t o t he cont rary of t he pract ice of t he pagans of Quraysh, who said,

びヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇や∇ヲピ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ ("List en not t o t his Qur'an, and make noise in t he midst of it s (recit at ion)'') 41:26 . Ibn Jarir report ed t hat Ibn Mas` ud said; "We would give Salams t o each ot her during Salah. So t he Ayah of Qur'an was revealed;

びヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ラ ⊥ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ￢∠ ン͡ゲホ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (When t he Qur'an is recit ed, t hen list en t o it .)

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キヱ∠ る⇔ ヘ∠ Β͡カヱ∠ ゅ⇔ハゲぁ ツ ∠ ゎ∠ マ ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヶ͡プ マ ∠ よｚ ケｚ ゲ⊥ミ∇クや∠ヱぴ リ ∠ ョあ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠タΙ ｘ や∠ヱ あヱギ⊥ ピ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヰイ ∠ ∇ャや ∇リハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ピ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∠ルヲ⊥エらあ ∠ジΑ⊥ ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ (205. And remember your Lord wit hin yourself, humbly and wit h fear and wit hout loudness in words in t he mornings and in t he aft ernoons, and be not of t hose who are neglect ful). (206. Surely, t hose who are wit h your Lord (angels) are never t oo proud t o perform act s of worship t o Him, but t hey glorify His praise and prost rat e t hemselves before Him.)

Remembering Allah in the Mornings and Afternoons Allah ordains t hat He be remembered more oft en in t he mornings and t he aft ernoons. Just as He ordered t hat He be worshipped during t hese t wo t imes when He said,

モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヱ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ネ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤデ ⊥ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ウらあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゆ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲピ⊥ ∇ャや (And glorify t he praises of your Lord, before t he rising of t he sun and before (it s) set t ing.) 50:39 Before t he night of Isra', when t he five daily prayers were ordained, t his Ayah was revealed in Makkah ordering t hat Allah be worshipped at t hese t imes, Allah said next ,

びる⇔ ヘ∠ Β͡カヱ∠ ゅ⇔ハゲぁ ツ ∠ ゎ∠ ぴ (humbly and wit h fear) meaning, remember your Lord in secret , not loudly, wit h eagerness and fear. This is why Allah said next ,

びメ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヰイ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キヱ∠ ぴ (and wit hout loudness in words). Therefore, it is recommended t hat remembering Allah in Dhikr is not performed in a loud voice. When t he Companions asked t he Messenger of Allah, "Is our Lord close, so t hat we call Him in secret , or far, so t hat we raise our voices'' Allah sent down t he verse,

ょ ⊥ Β͡ィぺ⊥ ∀ょΑ͡ゲ∠ホ ヶあルみ͡プ∠ ヶあレハ ∠ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ほ∠シ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ͡ ゅ∠ハキ∠ や∠クま͡ ネ ͡ やｚギャや り∠ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ h(And when My servant s ask you concerning Me, t hen (answer t hem), I am indeed near (t o t hem by My knowledge). I respond t o t he invocat ions of t he supplicant when he calls on Me (wit hout any mediat or or int ercessor).) 2:186 In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Abu Musa AlAsh` ari said, "The people raised t heir voices wit h Du` a' (invoking Allah) while t ravelling. The Prophet said t o t hem,

ゅ∠ャ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥バよ∠ ∇ケや サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ゅ∠Α» ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∠ルヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠ゎ ヵ͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ら͡もゅ∠ビ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ユｚ タ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ «ヮわ͡ヤェ ͡ や∠ケ ペ ͡ レ⊥ ハ ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∀ょΑ͡ゲ∠ホ (O people! Take it easy on yourselves, for He Whom you are calling is not deaf or absent . Verily, He Whom you are calling is t he All-Hearer, close (by His knowledge), closer t o one of you t han t he neck of his animal.)'' These t ext s encourage t he servant s t o invoke Allah in Dhikr oft en, especially in t he mornings and aft ernoons, so t hat t hey are not among t hose who neglect remembering Him. This is why Allah praised t he angels who praise Him night and day wit hout t iring,

びヮ͡ ゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, t hose who are wit h your Lord (i.e., angels) are never t oo proud t o perform act s of worship t o Him) Allah reminded t he servant s of t his fact so t hat t hey imit at e t he angels in t heir t ireless worship and obedience of Allah. Prost rat ion, here, upon t he ment ion t hat t he angels prost rat e t o Allah is legit imat e. A Hadit h reads;

ゅ∠ヰよあ ケ∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ぁブダ ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁヘダ ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲぁタや∠ゲわ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ メ ∠ ヱ∠ ほ⊥∇ャゅ∠プ メ ∠ ヱ∠ ほ⊥∇ャや フ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘダ ぁ ャや ラ ∠ ヲぁヨわ͡ Α⊥ «ブｚダャや (Why not you st and in line (for t he prayer) like t he angels st and in line before t heir Lord They cont inue t he first t hen t he next lines and t hey st and close t o each ot her in line. ) This is t he first place in t he Qur'an where it has been legit imized -- according t o t he agreement of t he scholars -- for t he readers of t he Qur'an, and t hose list ening t o it s recit at ion, t o perform prost rat ion.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Anfal (Chapter - 8) Which was revealed in Al-Madinah There are sevent y-five Ayat in t his Surah. The word count of t his Surah is one t housand, six hundred and t hirt y-one words and it s let t ers number five t housand, t wo hundred and ninet yfour.

ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful

メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ヘルΙや モ ͡ ホ⊥ メ ͡ ゅ∠ヘルΙや リ ͡ハ ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジΑ∠ ぴ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ∇Βよ͡ れ ∠ や∠ク ∇やヲ⊥エヤ͡∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ び-リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ (1. They ask you about Al-Anfal (t he spoils of war). Say: "Al-Anfal are for Allah and t he Messenger.'' So have Taqwa of Allah and set t le all mat t ers of difference among you, and obey Allah and His Messenger, if you are believers.)

Meaning of Anfal Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Al-Anfal are t he spoils of war.'' Al-Bukhari also recorded t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "I said t o Ibn ` Abbas, ` Surat Al-Anfal' He said, ` It was revealed concerning (t he bat t le of) Badr.''' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed, as Al-Bukhari recorded from Ibn ` Abbas wit hout a chain of narrat ion, t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Al-Anfal are t he spoils of war; t hey were for t he Messenger of Allah , and none had a share in t hem.'' Similar was said by Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, ` At a', Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah, ` At a' Al-Khurasani, Muqat il bin Hayyan, ` AbdurRahman bin Zayd bin Aslam and several ot hers. It was also said t hat t he Nafl (singular for Anfal) refers t o t he port ion of t he spoils of war t hat t he commander gives t o some of t he fight ers aft er dividing t he bulk of t he spoils. It was also said t hat Anfal refers t o t he Khumus; one-fift h of t he capt ured goods aft er four-fift hs are divided bet ween t he fight ers . It was also said t hat t he Anfal refers t o t he Fay', t he possessions t aken from t he disbelievers wit hout fight ing, and t he animals, servant s or what ever ot her possessions escape from t he disbelievers t o Muslims. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat ` Ali bin Salih bin Hay said: "It has reached me t hat ,

びメ ͡ ゅ∠ヘル∠Εや リ ͡ハ ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジΑ∠ ぴ

(They ask you about Al-Anfal) is about t he divisions. This refer t o what t he Imam gives t o some squads in addit ion t o what is divided among t he rest of t he soldiers.''

The Reason behind revealing Ayah 8:1 Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Sa` d bin Malik said, "I said, ` O Allah's Messenger, Allah has brought comfort t o me t oday over t he idolat ors, so grant me t his sword.' He said,

«ヮ∇バッ ∠ ∩ヶ͡ャ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ャ ブ ∠ ∇Βジ ｚ ャや や∠グワ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» (This sword is neit her yours nor mine; put it down.) So I put it down, but said t o myself, ` The Prophet might give t his sword t o anot her man who did not fight as fiercely as I did.' I heard a man calling me from behind and I said, ` Has Allah revealed somet hing in my case' The Prophet said,

∇ギホ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ャ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡レわ∠ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ » «マ∠ャ ヲ⊥ヰプ∠ ∩ヶ͡ャ ょ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ⊥ (You asked me t o give you t he sword, but it is not for me t o decide about . However, it has been grant ed t o me (by Allah), and I give it t o you.) So Allah sent down t his Ayah,

びメ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ヘル∠Εや モ ͡ ホ⊥ メ ͡ ゅ∠ヘル∠Εや リ ͡ハ ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジΑ∠ ぴ (They ask you about Al-Anfal. Say: "Al-Anfal are for Allah and t he Messenger''). Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i collect ed t his Hadit h, At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih''.

Another Reason behind revealing the Ayah 8:1 Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Umamah said, "I asked ` Ubadah about Al-Anfal and he said, ` It was revealed about us, t hose who part icipat ed in (t he bat t le of) Badr, when we disput ed about An-Nafl and our disput e was not appealing. So Allah t ook Al-Anfal from us and gave it t o t he Messenger of Allah . The Messenger divided it equally among Muslims.''' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Umamah said t hat ` Ubadah bin As-Samit said, "We went wit h t he Messenger of Allah t o t he bat t le of Badr. When t he t wo armies met , Allah defeat ed t he enemy and some of us pursued t hem inflict ing ut t er defeat and casualt ies. Anot her group of us came t o t he bat t lefield collect ing t he spoils of war. Anot her group surrounded t he Messenger of Allah , so t hat t he enemy could not at t ack him suddenly. When it was night and t he various army groups went back t o our camp, some of t hose who collect ed t he spoils said, ` We collect ed it , so none else will have a share in it .' Those who went in pursuit of t he enemy said, ` No, you have no more right t o it t han us. We kept t he enemy away from t he war spoils and

defeat ed t hem.' Those who surrounded t he Messenger of Allah t o prot ect him said, ` You have no more right t o it t han us, we surrounded t he Messenger of Allah for fear t hat t he enemy might conduct a surprise at t ack against him, so we were busy.' The Ayah,

メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ヘル∠Εや モ ͡ ホ⊥ メ ͡ ゅ∠ヘル∠Εや リ ͡ハ ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジΑ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ∇Βよ͡ れ ∠ や∠ク ∇やヲ⊥エヤ͡∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ (They ask you about Al-Anfal (t he spoils of war). Say: "Al-Anfal are for Allah and t he Messenger.'' So fear Allah and set t le all mat t ers of difference among you.) was revealed and t he Messenger of Allah divided t he Anfal equally bet ween Muslims.'''

ケ∠ ゅ∠ビぺ∠ や∠クま͡ ユ∂ヤシヱ ヮΒヤハ ぶや ヴヤタ ぶ ͡ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ » ∂モミ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ホぺ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∠ノよ⊥ ゲぁ ャや モ ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ あヱギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ャや チ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ヶ͡プ «ゑ⊥ヤんぁ ャや モ ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ ゅ⇔バィ ͡ や∠ケ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや (And Allah's Messenger would give a fourt h for Anfal when t here was a surprise at t ack in t he land of t he enemy, and when t here was a confront at ion t hen a t hird t o t he people who ret urned). The Prophet used t o dislike t he Anfal and encouraged st rong fight ers t o give some of t heir share t o weak Muslim fight ers. At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah collect ed a similar narrat ion for t his Hadit h, and At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan''. Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ∇Βよ͡ れ ∠ や∠ク ∇やヲ⊥エヤ͡∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プぴ (So have Taqwa of Allah and set t le all mat t ers of difference among you,) The Ayah commands, have Taqwa of Allah in all your affairs, set t le mat t ers of differences bet ween you, do not wrong each ot her, do not disput e, and do not differ. Cert ainly, t he guidance and knowledge t hat Allah has grant ed you is bet t er t han what you are disput ing about such as Al-Anfal ,

びヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and obey Allah and His Messenger,) in t he division t hat t he Messenger makes according t o Allah's order. The Prophet only divided according t o what Allah ordained, which is perfect ly j ust and fair. Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t his Ayah, "This is a command from Allah and His

Messenger t o t he believers, t hat t hey should have Taqwa of Allah and set t le all mat t ers of differences bet ween t hem.'' A similar st at ement was report ed from Muj ahid. As-Suddi also comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ∇Βよ͡ れ ∠ や∠ク ∇やヲ⊥エヤ͡∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プぴ (So have Taqwa of Allah and set t le all mat t ers of difference among you), meaning "Do not curse each ot her.''

∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ミ͡ ク⊥ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ や∠コ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒Α∠ や∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろΒ∠ ヤ͡ゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ゅ⇔ボ∂ ェ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ び ∀ユΑ͡ゲ∠ミ ベ ∀ ∇コケ͡ ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∀ろ⇒∠ィ∠ケ∠キ (2. The believers are only t hose who, when Allah is ment ioned, feel a fear in t heir heart s and when His Ayat are recit ed unt o t hem, t hey increase t heir fait h; and t hey put t heir t rust in t heir Lord;) (3. Who perform t he Salah and spend out of what We have provided t hem.) (4. It is t hey who are t he believers in t rut h. For t hem are grades of dignit y wit h t heir Lord, and forgiveness and a generous provision (Paradise).)

Qualities of the Faithful and Truthful Believers ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about t he Ayah,

∇ろヤ∠ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ミ͡ ク⊥ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ (The believers are only t hose who, when Allah is ment ioned, feel a fear in t heir heart s) "None of Allah's remembrance ent ers t he heart s of t he hypocrit es upon performing what He has ordained. They neit her believe in any of Allah's Ayat nor t rust (in Allah) nor pray if t hey are alone nor pay t he Zakah due on t heir wealt h. Allah st at ed t hat t hey are not believers. He t hen described t he believers by saying,

∇ろヤ∠ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ミ͡ ク⊥ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ (The believers are only t hose who, when Allah is ment ioned, feel a fear in t heir heart s) and t hey perform what He has ordained,

びゅ⇔レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ や∠コ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろΒ∠ ヤ͡ゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and when His Ayat are recit ed unt o t hem, t hey increase t heir fait h) and convict ion,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (and t hey put t heir t rust in t heir Lord), having hope in none except Him. '' Muj ahid comment ed on,

び∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (t heir heart s Waj ilat ), "Their heart s become afraid and fearful.'' Similar was said by As-Suddi and several ot hers. The qualit y of a t rue believer is t hat when Allah is ment ioned, he feels a fear in his heart , and t hus implement s His orders and abst ains from His prohibit ions. Allah said in a similar Ayah,

∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ ゼ ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ∠ ク∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱぁゲダ ͡ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ルグぁ ャや び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α (And t hose who, when t hey have commit t ed Fahishah (immoral sin) or wronged t hemselves wit h evil, remember Allah and ask forgiveness for t heir sins; -- and none can forgive sins but Allah -- and do not persist in what (wrong) t hey have done, while t hey know) 3:135 , and,

リ ͡ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ヘレｚ ャや ヴ∠ヰル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ボョ∠ フ ∠ ゅ∠カ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び ン∠ヱ∇ほヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ ワ͡ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ - ン∠ヲヰ∠ ∇ャや (But as for him who feared st anding before his Lord, and rest rained himself from vain desires. Verily, Paradise will be his abode.) 79:40-41 Sufyan At h-Thawri narrat ed t hat As-Suddi comment ed,

∇ろヤ∠ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ミ͡ ク⊥ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ (The believers are only those who, when Allah is mentioned, feel a fear in their hearts) A man might be t hinking of commit t ing inj ust ice or a sin. But he abst ains when he is t old, ` Have Taqwa of Allah', and his heart becomes fearful.'''

Faith increases when the Qur'an is recited Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ や∠コ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろΒ∠ ヤ͡ゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when His Ayat are recit ed unt o t hem, t hey increase t heir fait h;) is similar t o His st at ement ,

∇ユム⊥ Αぁ ぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ∀り∠ケヲ⊥シ ∇ろャ∠ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ や∠ゴプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ヮ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ や∠コ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま

(And whenever t here comes down a Surah, some of t hem (hypocrit es) say: "Which of you has had his fait h increased by it '' As for t hose who believe, it has increased t heir fait h, and t hey rej oice) 9:124 . Al-Bukhari and ot her scholars relied on t his Ayah (8:2) and t hose similar, as evidence t hat fait h increases and varies in st rengt h from heart t o heart . This is also t he view of t he maj orit y of t he scholars of Islam, prompt ing some scholars, such as Ash-Shafi` i, Ahmad bin Hanbal and Abu ` Ubayd t o declare t hat t his is t he consensus of t he Ummah, as we ment ioned in t he beginning of t he explanat ion of Sahih Al-Bukhari. All t he t hanks and praises are due t o Allah.

The Reality of Tawakkul Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (And t hey put t heir t rust in t heir Lord.) Therefore, t he believers hope in none except Allah, direct t heir dedicat ion t o Him alone, seek refuge wit h Him alone, invoke Him alone for t heir various needs and supplicat e t o Him alone. They know t hat what ever He wills, occurs and t hat what ever He does not will never occurs, t hat He alone is t he One Who has t he decision in His kingdom, wit hout part ners; none can avert t he decision of Allah and He is swift in reckoning. Hence t he st at ement of Sa` id bin Jubayr, "Tawakkul of Allah is t he essence of fait h.

Deeds of Faithful Believers Allah said next ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Who perform t he Salah and spend out of what We have provided t hem.) Allah describes t he act ions of t he believers aft er He ment ioned t heir fait h. The act s ment ioned here include all t ypes of right eous act s, such as est ablishing prayer, which is Allah's right . Qat adah said, "Est ablishing t he prayer requires preserving it s t imes, making ablut ion for it , bowing down and prost rat ing.'' Muqat il bin Hayyan said, "Est ablishing t he prayer means t o preserve it s t imes, perform perfect purit y for it , perform perfect bowings and prost rat ions, recit e t he Qur'an during it , sit t ing for Tashahhud and recit ing t he Salah (invoking Allah's blessings) for t he benefit of t he Prophet .'' Spending from what Allah has grant ed includes giving t he Zakah and t he rest of t he what is due from t he servant , eit her what is obligat ory or recommended. All of t he servant s are Allah's dependent s, and t he most beloved among t hem t o Him are t he most beneficial t o His creat ion.

The Reality of Faith Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔ボ∂ ェ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (It is t hey who are t he believers in t rut h.) means, t hose who have t hese qualit ies are t he believers wit h t rue fait h.

The Fruits of Perfect Faith Allah said,

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∀ろ⇒∠ィ∠ケ∠キ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚぴ (For t hem are grades of dignit y wit h t heir Lord) meaning, t hey have different grades, ranks and st at us in Paradise,

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∀ろ⇒∠ィ∠ケ∠キ ∇ユワ⊥ ぴ (They are in varying grades wit h Allah, and Allah is All-Seer of what t hey do.) 3:163 Next , Allah said,

びり∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and forgiveness), t herefore, Allah will forgive t hem t heir sins and reward t hem for t heir good deeds. In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ヨ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ゲΒ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ ΒあΒヤあハ ͡ モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» «￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ベ ͡ ゅ∠プへ ∇リョ͡ ペ ∃ プ⊥ ぺ⊥ ヶ͡プ ゲ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ピ∇ャや ょ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ヲム∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ (The resident s of ` Illiyyin (in Paradise) are seen from t hose below t hem, j ust as you see t he dist ant planet in t he horizon of t he sky.) They said, "O Allah's Messenger! They are t he grades of t he Prophet s t hat none except t hem would at t ain.'' The Prophet said,

ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ やヲ⊥レョ∠ へ ∀メゅ∠ィ͡ゲ͡ャ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ » «リΒ͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや やヲ⊥ホギｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ (Rat her, by He in Whose Hand is my soul! They are for men who have fait h in Allah and believed in t he Messengers.) In a Hadit h recorded by Imam Ahmad and t he collect ors of Sunan, Abu ` At iyyah said t hat Ibn Abu Sa` id said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヴ∠ヤバ⊥ ∇ャや れ ͡ ゅ∠ィケ∠ ギｚ ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ∠￢や∠ゲわ∠ Β∠ ャ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ͡ プ⊥ ぺ⊥ ヶ͡プ ゲ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ピ∇ャや ょ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ヲム∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇ヱ￢∠ や∠ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ «ゅ∠ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ムよ∠ ゅ∠よ∠ぺ (Resident s of Paradise see t he resident s of t he highest grades j ust as you see t he dist ant planet in t he horizon of t he sky. Verily, Abu Bakr and ` Umar are among t hem (in t he highest grades), and how excellent t hey are.)

ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ わ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ マ ∠ィ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ べ∠ヨミ∠ ぴ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ワゲ͡ ⇒あム∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホゅ∠ジΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ∠ほ∠ミ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ヘ∠ も͡ ゅｚトャや ン∠ギ∇ェま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ る͡ ミ∠ ∇ヲゼ ｚ ャや れ ͡ やク∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁキヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ よ͡ や∠キ ノ∠ ト ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ ャや ｚペエ ͡ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ∠ ゲ͡ ミ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ モ ∠ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや モ ∠ト ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ペ ｚエ ͡ Β⊥ ャ͡ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや (5. As your Lord caused you t o go out from your home wit h t he t rut h; and verily, a part y among t he believers disliked it .) (6. Disput ing wit h you concerning t he t rut h aft er it was made

manifest , as if t hey were being driven t o deat h, while t hey were looking (at it ).) (7. And (remember) when Allah promised you (Muslims) one of t he t wo part ies, t hat it should be yours; you wished t hat t he one not armed should be yours, but Allah willed t o j ust ify t he t rut h by His Words and t o cut off t he root s of t he disbelievers.) (8. That He might cause t he t rut h t o t riumph and bring falsehood t o not hing, even t hough t he criminals hat e it .)

Following the Messenger is Better for the Believers Allah said,

びマ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ マ ∠ィ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ べ∠ヨミ∠ ぴ (As your Lord caused you t o go out ...) Aft er Allah described t he believers as fearing t heir Lord, resolving mat t ers of disput e bet ween t hemselves and obeying Allah and His Messenger , He t hen said here, "since you disput ed about dividing war spoils and differed wit h each ot her about t hem, Allah t ook t hem away from you. He and His Messenger t hen divided t hem in t rut h and j ust ice, t hus ensuring cont inued benefit for all of you. Similarly, you disliked meet ing t he armed enemy in bat t le, who marched in support of t heir religion and t o prot ect t heir caravan. You disliked fight ing, so Allah decided t hat bat t le should occur and made you meet your enemy, wit hout planning t o do so on your part .' This incident carried guidance, light , vict ory and t riumph. Allah said;

ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ロ∇ゲミ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ぴ ∇やヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ワ∠ゲ∇ム∠ゎ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ゲｘ セ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ (Jihad is ordained for you t hough you dislike it , and it may be t hat you dislike a t hing which is good for you, and t hat you like a t hing which is bad for you. Allah knows but you do not know.) 2:216 As-Suddi comment ed,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ワゲ͡ ⇒あム∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, a part y among t he believers disliked) t o meet t he armed idolat ors. ''

びリ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ ぴ (Disput ing wit h you concerning t he t rut h aft er it was made manifest ,)

Some have comment ed, "(Allah says:) t hey ask and argue wit h you about Al-Anfal j ust as t hey argued wit h you when you went out for t he bat t le of Badr, saying, ` You marched wit h us t o confiscat e t he caravan. You did not inform us t hat t here will be fight ing and t hat we should prepare for it .'''

びヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ ャや ｚペエ ͡ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (but Allah willed t o j ust ify t he t rut h by His Words) Allah says, ` He willed for you t o meet t he armed enemy rat her t han t he caravan so t hat He makes you prevail above t hem and gain vict ory over t hem, making His religion apparent and Islam vict orious and dominant above all religions. He has perfect knowledge of t he consequences of all t hings, you are surrounded by His wise planning, alt hough people only like what appears favorable t o t hem,'

ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ロ∇ゲミ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ぴ ∇やヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ワ∠ゲ∇ム∠ゎ び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ゲｘ セ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ (Jihad (fight ing in Allah's cause) is ordained for you (Muslims) t hough you dislike it , and it may be t hat you dislike a t hing which is good for you and t hat you like a t hing which is bad for you) 2:216 . Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas said, "When t he Messenger of Allah heard t hat Abu Sufyan had left t he Sham area (headed t owards Makkah wit h Quraysh's caravan), he encouraged t he Muslims t o march fort h t o int ercept t hem, saying,

ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇カゅ∠プ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ズ ∃ ∇Αゲ∠ ホ⊥ ゲ⊥ Β͡ハ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ » «ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ヤ∠あヘレ∠ ぁΑ ラ∠ぺ ぶ ∠ やモ ｚ バ∠ ャ∠ (This is t he caravan of Quraysh carrying t heir propert y, so march fort h t o int ercept it , Allah might make it as war spoils for you.) The people st art ed mobilizing Muslims, alt hough some of t hem did not mobilize, t hinking t hat t he Prophet would not have t o fight . Abu Sufyan was caut iously gat hering informat ion on t he lat est news spying on t ravelers he met , out of fear for t he caravan, especially upon ent ering t he area of Hij az (West ern Arabia). Some t ravelers t old him t hat Muhammad had mobilized his companions for his caravan. He was anxious and hired Damdam bin ` Amr Al-Ghifari t o go t o Makkah and mobilize t he Quraysh t o prot ect t heir caravan, informing t hem t hat Muhammad had mobilized his Companions t o int ercept t he caravan. Damdam bin ` Amr went in a hurry t o Makkah. Meanwhile, t he Messenger of Allah marched wit h his companions unt il he reached a valley called Dhafiran. When he left t he valley, he camped and was informed t hat t he Quraysh

had marched t o prot ect t heir caravan. The Messenger of Allah consult ed t he people for advice and conveyed t he news about Quraysh t o t hem. Abu Bakr st ood up and said somet hing good, and so did ` Umar. Al-Miqdad bin ` Amr st ood up and said, ` O Allah's Messenger! March t o what Allah has commanded you, for we are wit h you. By Allah! We will not say t o you what t he Children of Israel said t o Musa,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ⇒∠ホ ゅ∠レヰ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ゅｚル͡ま Κ͡ゎゅ∠ボプ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ょワ∠ ∇クゅ∠プぴ ("So go you and your Lord and fight you t wo, we are sit t ing right here'') 5:24 . Rat her, go you and Your Lord and fight , we will be fight ing along wit h you bot h. By He Who has sent you wit h Trut h! If you decide t o t ake us t o Birk-ul-Ghimad, we will fight along wit h you unt il you reach it .' The Messenger of Allah said good words t o Al-Miqdad and invoked Allah for his benefit . The Messenger of Allah again said,

«サゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡セぺ∠» (Give me your opinion, O people! want ing t o hear from t he Ansar. This is because t he maj orit y of t he people wit h him t hen were t he Ansar. When t he Ansar gave t he Prophet t heir pledge of obedience at Al-` Aqabah, t hey proclaimed, ` O Allah's Messenger! We are not bound by t his pledge unless, and unt il, you arrive in our land. When you have arrived in our area, you are under our prot ect ion, and we shall prot ect you in t he same manner we prot ect our children and wives.' The Messenger of Allah feared t hat t he Ansar might t hink t hat t hey are not obliged t o support him except from his enemies who at t ack Al-Madinah, not t o march wit h him t o an enemy in ot her areas. When t he Prophet said t his, Sa` d bin Mu` adh asked him, ` O Allah's Messenger! Is it us whom you meant ' The Prophet answered in t he posit ive. Sa` d said, ` We have fait h and believed in you, t est ified t hat what you brought is t he t rut h, and gave you our pledges and promises of allegiance and obedience. Therefore, march, O Allah's Messenger, for what Allah has commanded you. Verily, by He Who has sent you in Trut h, if you decided t o cross t his sea (t he Red Sea), we will follow you in it , and none among us would st ay behind. We do not dislike t hat we meet our enemy t omorrow. Verily, we are pat ient in war, fierce in bat t le. May Allah make you wit ness what makes your eyes pleased wit h us. Therefore, march wit h us wit h t he blessing of Allah.' The Messenger of Allah was pleased wit h what Sa` d said and was encouraged by it . He proclaimed,

∇ギホ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ やヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や る͡ ミ∠ ゲ∠ よ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡シ» ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ラ ∠ べ∇ャや ヶあルほ∠ム∠ ャ∠ ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ヘ∠ も͡ ゅｚトャや ン∠ギ∇ェま͡ ヶ͡ルギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ «ュヲ∠ボ∇ャや ネ ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ダョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ (March wit h t he blessing of Allah and receive t he good news. For Allah has indeed promised me one of t he t wo camps (confiscat ing t he caravan or defeat ing t he Quraysh army). By Allah! It is as if I am now looking at t he demise of t he people (t he Quraysh).)''

Al-` Awfi report ed similar from Ibn ` Abbas. As-Suddi, Qat adah, ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam; and several ot hers among t he Salaf and lat er generat ions ment ioned similarly, We have j ust summarized t he st ory as Muhammad bin Ishaq briefed it .

∇ユミ⊥ ぁギヨ͡ ョ⊥ ヶあルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥んΒ͡ピわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡プキ͡ ∇ゲョ⊥ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ブ ∃ ∇ャほ∠よ͡ ∇リョ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ダｚレャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ｚ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ び ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ (9. (Remember) when you sought help of your Lord and He answered you (saying): "I will help you wit h a t housand of t he angels Murdifin.'') (10. Allah made it only as glad t idings, and t hat your heart s be at rest t herewit h. And t here is no vict ory except from Allah. Verily, Allah is Almight y, All-Wise.)

Muslims invoke Allah for Help, Allah sends the Angels to help Them Al-Bukhari wrot e in t he book of bat t les (in his Sahih) under "Chapt er; Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥んΒ͡ピわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ ((Remember) when you sought help of your Lord and He answered you) unt il,

びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (t hen verily, Allah is severe in punishment )'' t hat Ibn Mas` ud said, "I was a wit ness t o somet hing t hat Al-Miqdad bin Al-Aswad did, t hat I would like more t han almost anyt hing else t o have been t he one who did it . Al-Miqdad came t o t he Prophet while he was invoking Allah against t he idolat ors and proclaimed, ` We will not say as t he people of Musa said, "So go you and your Lord and fight you t wo.'' Rat her, we will fight t o your right , t o your left , before you and behind you.' I saw t he Prophet 's face beaming wit h pleasure because of what Al-Miqdad said t o him.'' Al-Bukhari next narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat on t he day of Badr, t he Prophet said,

∇ユャ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ラま͡ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩∠ポギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ギ∠ ∇ヰハ ∠ ポ ∠ ギ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» «ギ∠ら∇バゎ⊥

(O Allah! I invoke You for Your covenant and promise (vict ory). O Allah! If You decide so (cause our defeat ), You will not be worshipped.) Abu Bakr held t he Prophet 's hand and said, "Enough.'' The Prophet went out proclaiming,

«ゲ⊥よギぁ ャや ∠ラヲぁャ∠ヲΑ⊥ ∠ヱ ノ⊥ ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ゴ∠ ∇ヰΒ⊥ シ ∠» (Their mult it ude will be put t o flight , and t hey will show t heir backs.) An-Nasa'i also collect ed t his Hadit h. Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡プキ͡ ∇ゲョ⊥ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ブ ∃ ∇ャほ∠よ͡ ぴ (wit h a t housand of t he angels Murdifin) means, t hey follow each ot her in succession, according t o Harun bin Hubayrah who narrat ed t his from Ibn ` Abbas about ,

びリ ∠ Β͡プキ͡ ∇ゲョ⊥ ぴ (Murdifin), meaning each behind t he ot her in succession. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah Al-Walibi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Allah support ed His Prophet and t he believers wit h a t housand angels, five hundred under t he leadership of Jibril on one side and five hundred under t he leadership of Mika'il on anot her side.'' Imams Abu Ja` far bin Jarir At -Tabari and Muslim recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ` Umar said, "While a Muslim man was pursuing an idolat or (during t he bat t le of Badr), he heard t he sound of a whip above him and a rider saying, ` Come, O Hayzum!' Then he looked at t he idolat or, who fell t o t he ground. When he invest igat ed, he found t hat t he idolat or's nose had wound and his face t orn apart , j ust as if he received a st rike from a whip on it , and t he ent ire face had t urned green. The Ansari man came t o t he Messenger of Allah and t old him what had happened and t he Messenger replied,

«る∠ん͡ャゅｚんャや ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや キ͡ ギ∠ ョ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∩∠ろ∇ホ∠ギ∠タ» (You have said t he t rut h, t hat was from t he reinforcement s from t he t hird heaven.) The Muslims killed sevent y (pagans) in t hat bat t le and capt ured anot her sevent y. Al-Bukhari also wrot e a chapt er in his Sahih about t he part icipat ion of t he angels in Badr. He collect ed a Hadit h from Rifa` h bin Rafi ` Az-Zuraqi, who part icipat ed in Badr, Jibril came t o t he Prophet and asked him, "How honored are t hose who part icipat ed in Badr among you'' The Prophet said,

«リΒ͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ツ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ »

(Among t he best Muslims.) Jibril said, "This is t he case wit h t he angels who part icipat ed in Badr.'' Al-Bukhari recorded t his Hadit h. At -Tabarani also collect ed it in Al-Mu` j am Al-Kabir, but from Rafi` bin Khadij , which is an apparent mist ake. The correct narrat ion is from Rifa` h, as Al-Bukhari recorded it . In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t o ` Umar, when ` Umar suggest ed t hat t he Prophet have Hat ib bin Abi Balt a` ah execut ed,

ノ∠ ヤ∠デ ｚ や ギ͡ ホ∠ ぶ ∠ やモ ｚ バ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ Α͡ケ∇ギΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ や⇔ケ∇ギよ∠ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡» れ ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ビ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ゅ∠ョ やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハや :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ケ∃ ∇ギよ∠ モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ «ユ⊥ムャ∠ (He Hat ib part icipat ed in Badr. How do you know t hat Allah has not looked at t he people of Badr and proclaimed, ` Do what ever you want , for I have forgiven you.') Allah said next ,

びン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (Allah made it only as glad t idings. ..) Allah made sending down t he angels and informing you of t his fact as glad t idings,

び∇ユム⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ｚ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat your heart s be at rest t herewit h.) Surely, Allah is able t o give you (O Muslims) vict ory over your enemies, and vict ory only comes from Him, wit hout need t o send t he angels,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ダｚレャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t here is no vict ory except from Allah.) Allah said in anot her Ayah,

へ∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ホゲあ ャや ゆ ∠ ∇ゲツ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ ￢⇔ へ∠ギプ͡ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゅ６レ∠ョ ゅョｚ み͡プ∠ ベ ∠ ゅ∠をヲ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱぁギゼ ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ レ∠ガ∇をぺ∠

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ∠ワケ∠ や∠コ∇ヱぺ∠ ゆ ⊥ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ツ ∠ ゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ ャあ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ わ∠ ∇ルΙ ∠ - ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ｚモツ ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰプ∠ ゲｚ ハ ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヱ∠ - ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠よ ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ダΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΒ∠ シ ∠ び ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ (So, when you meet (in fight in Allah's cause) t hose who disbelieve, smit e (t heir) necks t ill when you have killed and wounded many of t hem, t hen bind a bond firmly (on t hem, t ake t hem as capt ives). Thereaft er (is t he t ime) eit her for generosit y (free t hem wit hout ransom), or ransom (according t o what benefit s Islam), unt il war lays down it s burden. Thus, but if it had been Allah's will, He Himself could cert ainly have punished t hem (wit hout you). But (He let s you fight ) in order t o t est some of you wit h ot hers. But t hose who are killed in t he way of Allah, He will never let t heir deeds be lost . He will guide t hem and set right t heir st at e. And admit t hem t o Paradise which He has made known t o t hem.) 47:4-6 and,

マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ ∀ゥ∇ゲ∠ホ ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ザ ｚ ョ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∀ゥ∇ゲ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ジジ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ラ͡まぴ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ⊥ヱ͡ や∠ギル⊥ ュ⊥ ゅｚΑΙ ｘや - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ヱ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ペ ∠エ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゾ ∠ エ あ ヨ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ (And so are t he days (good and not so good), t hat We give t o men by t urns, t hat Allah may t est t hose who believe, and t hat He may t ake mart yrs from among you. And Allah likes not t he wrongdoers. And t hat Allah may t est (or purify) t he believers (from sins) and dest roy t he disbelievers.) 3:140-141 These are point s of wisdom for which Allah has legislat ed performing Jihad, by t he hands of t he believers against t he disbelievers. Allah used t o dest roy t he previous nat ions t hat denied t he Prophet s, using various disast ers t hat encompassed t hese rebellious nat ions. For inst ance, Allah dest royed t he people of Nuh wit h t he flood, ` Ad wit h t he wind, Thamud wit h t he scream, t he people of Lut wit h an eart hquake and t he people of Shu` ayb by t he Day of t he Shadow. Aft er Allah sent Musa and dest royed his enemy Fir` awn and his soldiers by drowning, He sent down t he Tawrah t o him in which He legislat ed fight ing against t he disbelievers, and t his legislat ion remained in t he successive Laws. Allah said,

ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ べ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゲ∠ も͡ べ∠ダよ∠ ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや (And indeed We gave Musa -- aft er We had dest royed t he generat ions of old -- t he Script ure as an enlight enment . ) 28:43 It is more humiliat ing for t he disbeliever and more comfort ing t o t he heart s of t he fait hful t hat t he believers kill t he disbelievers by t heir own hands. Allah said t o t he believers of t his Ummah,

∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲダ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゴ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Αほ∠よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇よあグバ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ホぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ケ∠ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ブ ͡ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (Fight against t hem so t hat Allah will punish t hem by your hands, and disgrace t hem, and give you vict ory over t hem, and heal t he breast s of a believing people.) 9:14 This is why killing t he disbelievers of Quraysh by t he hand of t heir enemies, whom t hey used t o despise, was more humiliat ing t o t he disbelievers and comfort ing t o t he heart s of t he part y of fait h. Abu Jahl, for inst ance, was killed in bat t le and t his was more humiliat ing for him t han dying in his bed, or from light ening, wind, or similar afflict ions. Also, Abu Lahab died from a t errible disease t hat caused him t o st ink and none of his relat ives could bear approaching him. They had t o wash him wit h wat er by sprinkling it from a dist ance, t hen t hrew st ones over his corpse, unt il it was buried under t hem! Allah said next ,

び∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ぴ (Verily, Allah is All-Might y,), t he might is His, His Messengers and t he believers, bot h in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠レャ∠ ゅｚル͡まぴ び ギ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇セΙ ｘ や ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや (We will indeed make vict orious Our Messengers and t hose who believe, in t his world's life and on t he Day when t he wit nesses will st and fort h (Day of Resurrect ion). ) 40:51 Allah said next ,

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ぴ (All-Wise.), in t hat He legislat ed fight ing t he disbeliever, even t hough He is able t o dest roy t hem and bring t heir demise by His will and power, all praise and honor is due t o Him.

リあョ ユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ る⇔ レ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ サ ∠ ゅ∠バレぁ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ Βあゼピ∠ Α⊥ ∇クま͡ぴ ゴ∠ ∇ィケ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ょ ∠ ワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ヰあ ト ∠ Β⊥ ャあ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや - ュ∠ や∠ギ∇ホΙ ｘ や ヮ͡ よ͡ ろ ∠ らあ ん∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ テ ∠ よ͡ ∇ゲΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥わらあ ん∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヶあルぺ∠ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥Α ∇クま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヶ͡プ ヴ͡ボ∇ャほ⊥シ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ッや∠ヱ ペ ͡ ⇒∠レ∇ハΕ ∠やベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ッゅ∠プ ょ ∠ ∇ハゲぁ ャや リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲぁホべ∠セ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ラ ∃ ゅ∠レよ∠ ｚモミ⊥ - ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ ホ͡ ゅ∠ゼΑ⊥ び ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ (11. (Remember) when He covered you wit h a slumber as a securit y from Him, and He caused wat er (rain) t o descend on you from t he sky, t o clean you t hereby and t o remove from you t he Rij z (whispering or dirt ) of Shayt an, and t o st rengt hen your heart s, and make your feet firm t hereby.) (12. (Remember) when your Lord revealed t o t he angels, "Verily, I am wit h you, so keep firm t hose who have believed. I will cast t error int o t he heart s of t hose who have disbelieved, so st rike t hem over t he necks, and smit e over all t heir fingers and t oes.'') (13. This is because t hey defied and disobeyed Allah and His Messenger. And whoever defies and disobeys Allah and His Messenger, t hen verily, Allah is severe in punishment . ) (14. This is (t he t orment ), so t ast e it ; and surely, for t he disbelievers is t he t orment of t he Fire.)

Slumber overcomes Muslims Allah reminds t he believers of t he slumber t hat He sent down on t hem as securit y from t he fear t hey suffered from, because of t he mult it ude of t heir enemy and t he sparseness of t heir forces. They were given t he same favor during t he bat t le of Uhud, which Allah described,

ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ⇔シゅ∠バルぁ る⇔ レ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ユあ ピ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わヨｚ ワ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ る⇔ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ (Then aft er t he dist ress, He sent down securit y for you. Slumber overt ook a part y of you, while anot her part y was t hinking about t hemselves. ) 3:154 Abu Talhah said, "I was among t hose who were overcome by slumber during (t he bat t le of) Uhud. The sword fell from my hand several t imes, and I kept picking it up again, several t imes. I also saw t he Companions' heads nodding while in t he rear guard.'' Al-Hafiz Abu Ya` la narrat ed t hat ` Ali said, "Only Al-Miqdad had a horse during Badr, and at some point , I found t hat all of us fell asleep, except t he Messenger of Allah . He was praying under a t ree and crying unt il dawn.'' ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "Slumber during bat t le is securit y from Allah, but during prayer, it is from Shayt an.'' Qat adah said, "Slumber affect s t he head, while sleep affect s t he heart .'' Slumber overcame t he believers on t he day of Uhud, and t his incident is very well-known. As for t his Ayah (8:11), it is describing t he bat t le of Badr, indicat ing t hat slumber also overcame t he believers during Badr. Therefore, it appears t hat t his will occur for t he believers, whenever t hey are in dist ress, so t hat t heir heart s feel safe and sure of Allah's aid, rewards, favor and mercy from Allah wit h t hem. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び や⇔ゲ∇ジΑ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ジバ⊥ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - や⇔ゲ∇ジΑ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ジバ⊥ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (Verily, along wit h every hardship is relief. Verily, along wit h every hardship is relief.) 94:5-6 In t he Sahih, it is recorded t hat on t he day of Badr, while he was in t he bunker wit h Abu Bakr, t he Messenger and Abu Bakr were invoking Allah. Suddenly, slumber overcame t he Messenger and he woke up smiling and declared,

«ノ∇ボレｚ ャや ロ⊥ ゅ∠Αゅ∠レを∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ や∠グワ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ムよ∠ ゅ∠よぺ∠ ゅ∠Α ∇ゲゼ ͡ ∇よぺ∠» ("Good news, O Abu Bakr! This is Jibril wit h dust on his shoulders.'' He left t he shade while recit ing Allah's st at ement ,

び ゲ∠ よ⊥ ギぁ ャや ∠ラヲぁャ∠ヲΑ⊥ ∠ヱ ノ⊥ ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ゴ∠ ∇ヰΒ⊥ シ ∠ぴ (Their mult it ude will be put t o flight , and t hey will show t heir backs.) 54:45

Rain falls on the Eve of Badr

Allah said next ,

び￢⇔ べ∠ョ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リあョ ユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He caused rain t o descend on you from t he sky.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "When t he Prophet arrived at Badr, he made camp. At t he t ime, t here was a sandy piece of land bet ween t he idolat ors and t he wat er (t he wells at Badr). Muslims felt weak and t he Shayt an cast frust rat ion int o t heir heart s. He whispered t o t hem, ` You claim t hat you are Allah's support ers and t hat His Messenger is among you! However, t he idolat ors have t aken over t he wat er resource from you, while you pray needing purit y.' Allah sent down heavy rain, allowing t he Muslims t o drink and use it for purit y. Allah also removed Shayt an's whisper and made t he sand firm when rain fell on it , and t he Muslims walked on t he sand along wit h t heir animals, unt il t hey reached t he enemy. Allah support ed His Prophet and t he believers wit h a t housand angels on one side, five hundred under t he command of Jibril and anot her five hundred under t he command of Mika'il on anot her side.'' An even a bet t er narrat ion is t hat collect ed by Imam Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar, aut hor of Al-Maghazi, may Allah have mercy upon him. Ibn Ishaq narrat ed t hat , Yazid bin Ruwman narrat ed t o him t hat , ` Urwah bin Az-Zubayr said, "Allah sent rain down from t he sky on a sandy valley. That rain made t he area where t he Messenger of Allah and his Companions camped firmer so t hat it did not hinder t heir movement . Meanwhile, t he part t hat t he Quraysh were camping on became difficult t o move in.'' Muj ahid said, "Allah sent down t he rain on t he believers before slumber overt ook t hem, and t he rain set t led t he dust , made t he ground firmer, made t hem feel at ease and t heir feet firmer.'' Allah said next ,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ヰあ ト ∠ Β⊥ ャあぴ (t o clean you t hereby) using it aft er answering t he call of nat ure or needing t o wash oneself, and t his involves cleansing what is on t he out side,

びリ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ゴ∠ ∇ィケ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ょ ∠ ワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t o remove from you t he Rij z of Shayt an,) such as his whispers and evil t hought s, t his involves sinner purificat ion, whereas Allah's st at ement about t he resident s of Paradise,

∇やヲぁヤェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ベ ∀ ゲ∠ ∇らわ∠ ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇ツカ ⊥ サ ∃ ギ⊥ レ⊥シ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠Βを͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ハぴ びる∃ ツ ｚ プ͡ リ͡ョ ケ∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠シぺ∠ (Their garment s will be of fine green silk, and gold embroidery. They will be adorned wit h bracelet s of silver) 76:21 involves out er appearance,

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ヰデ ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ゲセ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ボシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t heir Lord will give t hem a pure drink.) 76:21 t hat purifies t he anger, envy and hat red t hat t hey might have felt . This is t he inner purit y. Next , Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ テ ∠ よ͡ ∇ゲΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t o st rengt hen your heart s, ) wit h pat ience and t o encourage you t o fight t he enemies, and t his is inner courage,

びュ∠ や∠ギ∇ホΙ ｘ や ヮ͡ よ͡ ろ ∠ らあ ん∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and make your feet firm t hereby). t his involves out er courage. Allah know best .

Allah commands the Angels to fight and support the Believers Allah said next ,

∇やヲ⊥わらあ ん∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヶあルぺ∠ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥Α ∇クま͡ぴ び∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ((Remember) when your Lord revealed t o t he angels, "Verily, I am wit h you, so keep firm t hose who have believed.'') This is a hidden favor t hat Allah has made known t o t he believers, so t hat t hey t hank Him and are grat eful t o Him for it . Allah, glorified, exalt ed, blessed and praised be He, has revealed t o t he angels -- whom He sent t o support His Prophet , religion and believing group -- t o make t he believers firmer. Allah's st at ement ,

びょ ∠ ∇ハゲぁ ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヶ͡プ ヴ͡ボ∇ャほ⊥シ ∠ぴ (I will cast t error int o t he heart s of t hose who have disbelieved.) means, ` you -- angels -support t he believers, st rengt hen t heir (bat t le) front against t heir enemies, t hus, implement ing My command t o you. I will cast fear, disgrace and humiliat ion over t hose who defied My command and denied My Messenger, f

ｚモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ッや∠ヱ ペ ͡ ⇒∠レ∇ハΕ ∠や ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ッゅ∠プぴ びラ ∃ ゅ∠レよ∠ (so st rike t hem over t he necks, and smit e over all t heir fingers and t oes.) st rike t hem on t heir foreheads t o t ear t hem apart and over t he necks t o cut t hem off, and cut off t heir limbs, hands and feet . It was said t hat ,

びペ ͡ ⇒∠レ∇ハΕ ∠ やベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ぴ (over t he necks) refers t o st riking t he forehead, or t he neck, according t o Ad-Dahhak and ` At iyyah Al-` Awfi. In support of t he lat t er, Allah commanded t he believers,

へ∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ホゲあ ャや ゆ ∠ ∇ゲツ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ びベ ∠ ゅ∠をヲ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱぁギゼ ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ レ∠ガ∇をぺ∠ (So, when you meet (in fight Jihad in Allah's cause) t hose who disbelieve, smit e (t heir) necks t ill when you have killed and wounded many of t hem, t hen bind a bond firmly (on t hem, t ake t hem as capt ives).) 47:4 Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said, "In t he aft ermat h of Badr, t he people used t o recognize whomever t he angels killed from t hose whom t hey killed, by t he wounds over t heir necks, fingers and t oes, because t hose part s had a mark as if t hey were branded by fire.'' Allah said,

びラ ∃ ゅ∠レよ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ッや∠ヱぴ (and smit e over all t heir fingers and t oes.) Ibn Jarir comment ed t hat t his Ayah commands, "O believers! St rike every limb and finger on t he hands and feet of your (disbelieving) enemies.'' Al-` Awfi report ed, t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about t he bat t le of Badr t hat Abu Jahl said, "Do not kill t hem (t he Muslims), but capt ure t hem so t hat you make known t o t hem what t hey did, t heir ridiculing your religion and shunning AlLat and Al-` Uzza (t wo idols).'' Allah t han sent down t o t he angels,

ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヶ͡プ ヴ͡ボ∇ャほ⊥シ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥わらあ ん∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヶあルぺ∠ぴ ペ ͡ ⇒∠レ∇ハΕ ∠や ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ッゅ∠プ ょ ∠ ∇ハゲぁ ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや びラ ∃ ゅ∠レよ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ッやヱ∠

(Verily, I am wit h you, so keep firm t hose who have believed. I will cast t error int o t he heart s of t hose who have disbelieved, so st rike t hem over t he necks, and smit e over all t heir fingers and t oes.) In t hat bat t le, Abu Jahl (may Allah curse him) was killed along wit h sixt y-nine men. ` Uqbah bin Abu Mua` it was capt ured and t hen killed, t hus bring t he deat h t oll of t he pagans t o sevent y,

びヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲぁホべ∠セ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (This is because t hey defied and disobeyed Allah and His Messenger.) j oining t he camp t hat defied Allah and His Messenger not including t hemselves in t he camp of Allah's Law and fait h in Him. Allah said,

ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ ホ͡ ゅ∠ゼΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや (And whoever defies and disobeys Allah and His Messenger, t hen verily, Allah is severe in punishment .) for He will crush whoever defies and disobeys Him. Not hing ever escapes Allah's grasp nor can anyt hing ever st and against His anger. Blessed and exalt ed He is, t here is no t rue deit y or Lord except Him.

び ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (This is (t he t orment ), so t ast e it ; and surely, for t he disbelievers is t he t orment of t he Fire.) This Ayah addresses t he disbeliever, saying, t ast e t his t orment and punishment in t his life and know t hat t he t orment of t he Fire in t he Hereaft er is for t he disbelievers.

ゅ⇔ヘ∇ェコ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ よ⊥ キ⊥ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャあヲ∠ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ケ∠ ゅ∠よ∇キΕ ∠ や ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ヲぁャヲ∠ ゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ょ ∃ ツ ∠ ピ∠ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠よ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ る∃ ゃ∠ プ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ や⇔ゴあΒエ ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠わボ͡ ャあ ゅ⇔プあゲエ ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ (15. O you who believe! When you meet t hose who disbelieve, in a bat t lefield, never t urn your backs t o t hem.) (16. And whoever t urns his back t o t hem on such a day -- unless it be a st rat agem of war, or t o ret reat t o a t roop (of his own) -- he indeed has drawn upon himself wrat h from Allah. And his abode is Hell, and worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion!)

Fleeing from Battle is prohibited, and its Punishment Allah said, while warning against fleeing from t he bat t lefield and t hreat ening t hose who do it wit h t he Fire,

びゅ⇔ヘ∇ェコ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ (O you who believe! When you meet t hose who disbelieve, in a bat t lefield,) when you get near t he enemy and march t owards t hem,

びケ∠ ゅ∠よ∇キΕ ∠ や ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ヲぁャヲ∠ ゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (never t urn your backs t o t hem.) do not run away from bat t le and leave your fellow Muslims behind,

びメ ∃ ゅ∠わボ͡ ャあ ゅ⇔プあゲエ ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ よ⊥ キ⊥ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャあヲ∠ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever t urns his back t o t hem on such a day -- unless it be a st rat agem of war...) The Ayah says, whoever flees from t he enemy by way of planning t o pret end t hat he is afraid of t he enemy, so t hat t hey follow him and he t akes t he chance and ret urns t o kill t he enemy, t hen t here is no sin on him. This is t he explanat ion of Sa` id bin Jubayr and As-Suddi. Ad-Dahhak also comment ed, "Whoever went ahead of his fellow Muslims t o invest igat e t he st rengt h of t he enemy and make use of it ,

びる∃ ゃ∠ プ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ や⇔ゴあΒエ ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or t o ret reat t o a t roop (of his own)), meaning he leaves from here t o anot her t roop of Muslims t o assist t hem or be assist ed by t hem. So t hat is allowed for him, or even during t he bat t le if he flees from his brigade t o t he commander. Or going t o t he grand Imam, would also fall under t his permission.'' ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said about Abu ` Ubayd when he was fight ing on t he bridge in t he land of t he Persians, because of t he many Zoroast rian soldiers, "If he ret reat ed t o me t hen I would be as a t roop for him.'' This is how it was report ed by Muhammad bin Sirin from ` Umar. In t he report of Abu ` Ut hman An-Nahdi from ` Umar, he said: When Abu ` Ubayd was fight ing, ` Umar said, "O people! We are your t roop.'' Muj ahid said t hat ` Umar said, "We are t he t roop of every Muslim.'' Abdul-Malik bin ` Umayr report ed from ` Umar, "O people! Don't be confused over t his Ayah, it was only about t he day of Badr, and we are a t roop for every Muslim.'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Nafi` quest ioned Ibn ` Umar, "We are people who are not st at ionary when fight ing our enemy, and we may not know where our t roop is, be it t hat of our Imam or our army.''

So he replied, "The t roop is Allah's Messenger .'' I said but Allah said,

びケ͡ ゅｚレャや⇔ゅヘ∇ェコ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠ や∠クま͡ぴ (when you meet t hose who disbelieve in t he bat t lefield) t o t he end of t he Ayah . So he said; "This Ayah was about Badr, not before it nor aft er it .'' Ad-Dahhak comment ed t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びる∃ ゃ∠ プ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ や⇔ゴあΒエ ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or t o ret reat t o a t roop), refers t o "Those who ret reat t o t he Messenger of Allah and his Companions (when t he Messenger was alive), and t hose who ret reat in t he present t ime t o his commander or companions.'' However, if one flees for any ot her reason t han t hose ment ioned here, t hen it is prohibit ed and considered a maj or sin. Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«れゅ∠ボよ͡ ヲ⊥ヨ∇ャや ノ∠ ∇らジ ｚ ャや やヲら⊥ レ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや͡» ("Shun t he seven great dest ruct ive sins.'') The people inquired, "O Allah's Messenger! What are t hey'' He said,

ぶ ⊥ や ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヶ͡わャｚや ザ ͡ ∇ヘレｚ ャや モ ⊥ ∇わホ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇エジ あ ャや∠ヱ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ポ ⊥ ∇ゲあゼャや» ヶあャ∠ヲわｚ ャや∠ヱ ユ͡ Β͡わΒ∠ ∇ャや メ ͡ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠よゲあ ャや モ ⊥ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅｚャま͡ れ ͡ ゅ∠ヤプ͡ ゅ∠ピ∇ャや れ ͡ ゅ∠レダ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや フ ⊥ ∇グホ∠ ヱ∠ ブ ͡ ∇ェゴｚ ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ «れゅ∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ((They are:) Joining ot hers in worship wit h Allah, magic t aking life which Allah has forbidden, except for a j ust cause (according t o Islamic law), consuming Riba, consuming an orphan's wealt h, fleeing t he bat t lefield at t he t ime of fight ing, and false accusat ion t o chast e women, who never even t hink of anyt hing t ouching chast it y and are good believers.) This is why Allah said here,

び￢∠ べ∠よ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ぴ

(he indeed has drawn upon himself...), and ret urned wit h,

びロ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ょ ∃ ツ ∠ ピ∠ よ͡ ぴ (wrat h from Allah. And his abode...), dest inat ion, and dwelling place on t he Day of Ret urn,

びゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ぴ (is Hell, and worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion!)

∇クま͡ ろ ∠ ∇Βョ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠わ∠ ホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ ヤ͡∇らΒ⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヴ∠ョケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βョ∠ ケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク - ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔レジ ∠ェ ∠ ￢⇔ Κ ∠ よ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ギ͡ ∇Βミ∠ リ ⊥ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ョ (17. You killed t hem not , but Allah killed t hem. And you t hrew not when you did t hrow, but Allah t hrew, t hat He might t est t he believers by a fair t rial from Him. Verily, Allah is AllHearer, All-Knower). (18. This (is t he fact ) and surely Allah weakens t he deceit ful plot s of t he disbelievers.)

Allah's Signs displayed during Badr, And throwing Sand in the Eyes of the Disbelievers Allah st at es t hat He creat es t he act ions t hat t he servant s perform and t hat what ever good act ions t hey t ake, it is He Who should be praised for t hem, for He direct ed and helped t hem perform t hese act ions. Allah said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠わ∠ ホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (You killed t hem not , but Allah killed t hem.) meaning, it is not because of your power and st rengt h t hat you killed t he pagans, who were many while you were few. Rat her, it is He Who gave you vict ory over t hem, j ust as He said in anot her Ayah,

びる∀ ャｚク͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ケ∃ ∇ギら∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ル∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(And Allah has already made you vict orious at Badr, when you were a weak lit t le force.) 3:123 , and,

リ ∃ ∇Βレ∠ ェ ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ リ ∠デ ͡ や∠ヲョ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ル∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ ∇ろホ∠ ゅ∠ッヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ リ ͡ ∇ピゎ⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇んミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇わら∠ イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇クま͡ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲよ͡ ∇ギョぁ ユ⊥わ∇Βャｚ∠ヱ ｚユを⊥ ∇ろら∠ ェ ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ チ ⊥ ∇ケΕ ∠ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (Truly, Allah has given you vict ory on many bat t lefields, and on t he day of Hunayn when you rej oiced at your great number, but it availed you naught and t he eart h, vast as it is, was st rait ened for you, t hen you t urned back in flight .) 9:25 Allah, t he Exalt ed and Ever High, st at es t hat vict ory does not depend on numbers or collect ing weapons and shields. Rat her, vict ory is from Him, Exalt ed He is.

ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ り⇔ ゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ る∃ ゃ∠ プ͡ ∇ろら∠ ヤ∠ビ ∠ る∃ ヤ∠Β͡ヤホ∠ る∃ ゃ∠ プ͡ リあョ ユ∠ミぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや ノ∠ ョ∠ (How oft en has a small group overcome a might y host by Allah's leave'' And Allah is wit h t he pat ient .) 2:249 Allah t hen ment ioned t he handful of sand t hat His Prophet t hrew at t he disbelievers during t he day of Badr, when he went out of his bunker. While in t he bunker, t he Prophet invoked Allah humbly and expressing his neediness before Allah. He t hen t hrew a handful of sand at t he disbelievers and said,

«ロヲ⊥ィヲ⊥ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ワ∠ ゅ∠セ» (Humiliat ed be t heir faces.) He t hen commanded his Companions t o st art fight ing wit h sincerit y and t hey did. Allah made t his handful of sand ent er t he eyes of t he idolat ors, each one of t hem were st ruck by some of it and it dist ract ed t hem making each of t hem busy. Allah said,

びヴ∠ョケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βョ∠ ケ∠ ∇クま͡ ろ ∠ ∇Βョ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And you t hrew not when you did t hrow, but Allah t hrew.) Therefore, it is Allah Who made t he sand reach t heir eyes and busied t hem wit h it , not you (O Muhammad) .

Muhammad bin Ishaq said t hat Muhammad bin Ja` far bin Az-Zubayr narrat ed t o him t hat ` Urwah bin Az-Zubayr said about Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔レジ ∠ェ ∠ ￢⇔ Κ ∠ よ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ ヤ͡∇らΒ⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (t hat He might t est t he believers by a fair t rial from Him. ) "So t hat t he believers know Allah's favor for t hem by giving t hem vict ory over t heir enemy, even t hough t heir enemy was numerous, while t hey were few. They should t hus know His right and express grat it ude for His favor on t hem.'' Similar was said by Ibn Jarir. It is st at ed in a Hadit h,

«ゅ∠ルゅ∠ヤ∇よぺ∠ リ ∃ジ ∠ェ ∠ ￢∃ ゅ∠ヤよ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ヱ∠ » (Every t rail (from Allah) is a favor for us.) Allah said next ,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower.) Allah hears t he supplicat ion and knows t hose who deserve help and t riumph. Allah said,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ギ͡ ∇Βミ∠ リ ⊥ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ョ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡クぴ (This (is t he fact ) and surely Allah weakens t he deceit ful plot s of t he disbelievers.) This is more good news, aside from t he vict ory t hat t he believers gained. Allah informed t hem t hat He will weaken t he plot s of t he disbelievers in t he fut ure, degrade t hem and make everyt hing t hey have perish and be dest royed, all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レ∠ゎ ラ͡まヱ∠ ウ ⊥ ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エわ͡ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ゃ∠ プ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ヴ ∠ レ͡ ∇ピゎ⊥ リ∠ャヱ∠ ∇ギバ⊥ ル∠ ∇やヱ⊥キヲ⊥バゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇れゲ∠ ん⊥ ミ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ (19. (O disbelievers) if you ask for a j udgement , now has t he j udgement come unt o you; and if you cease (t o do wrong), it will be bet t er for you, and if you ret urn (t o t he at t ack), so shall We ret urn, and your forces will be of no avail t o you, however numerous t hey be; and verily, Allah is wit h t he believers.)

The Response to the Disbelievers Who ask for a Judgement Allah says t o t he disbeliever,

び∇やヲ⊥エわ͡ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ (If you ask for a j udgement ), you invoked Allah for vict ory, j udgement and a decision bet ween you and your believing nemesis, and you got what you asked for. Muhammad bin Ishaq and several ot hers report ed from Az-Zuhri from ` Abdullah bin Tha` labah bin Su` ayr who said t hat Abu Jahl said on t he day of Badr, "O Allah! Whichever of t he t wo camps (pagans and Muslims) severed t he relat ion of t he womb and brought us what is not familiar, t hen dest roy him t his day.'' This Ayah was lat er on revealed,

びウ ⊥ ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エわ͡ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ (If you ask for a j udgement , t hen now has t he j udgement come unt o you,) unt il t he end of t he Ayah. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Tha` labah said, "Abu Jahl asked for (Allah's j udgment ) when he said upon facing t he Muslims, ` O Allah! Those among us who severed t he relat ions of t he womb and brought fort h what we do not recognize, t hen dest roy him t his day.''' This was also recorded by An-Nasa'i in t he Book of Tafsir (of his Sunan) and Al-Hakim in his Must adrak, and he said, "It is Sahih according t o t he crit eria of t he Two Shaykhs, and t hey did not record it . ''. Similar st at ement s were report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah, Yazid bin Ruwman and several ot hers. As-Suddi comment ed, "Before t he idolat ors left Makkah for Badr, t hey clung t o t he curt ains covering t he Ka` bah and supplicat ed t o Allah for vict ory, ` O Allah! Give vict ory t o t he exalt ed among t he t wo armies, t he most honored among t he t wo groups, and t he most right eous among t he t wo t ribes.' Allah revealed t he Ayah, F

びウ ⊥ ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エわ͡ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ (If you ask for a j udgement , t hen now has t he j udgement come unt o you.) Allah says here, ` I accept ed your supplicat ion and Muhammad gained t he vict ory.''' ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said; "This is Allah t he Most High's answer t o t heir supplicat ion;

∇リョ͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びポ ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ (And (remember) when t hey said: "O Allah! If t his is indeed t he t rut h from you..)'' 8:32 Allah said next ,

び∇やヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レ∠ゎ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (and if you cease...) from your disbelief and rej ect ion of Allah and His Messenger ,

び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (it will be bet t er for you), in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Allah said,

び∇ギバ⊥ ル∠ ∇やヱ⊥キヲ⊥バゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (and if you ret urn, so shall We ret urn...) This is similar t o anot her Ayah,

びゅ∠ル∇ギハ ⊥ ∇ユゎぁ ギ⊥ハ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (but if you ret urn (t o sins), We shall ret urn (t o Our punishment ).) 17:8 meaning, ` if you persist in your disbelief and misguidance, We shall repeat t he defeat t hat you suffered,'

び∇れゲ∠ ん⊥ ミ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ゃ∠ プ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ヴ ∠ レ͡ ∇ピゎ⊥ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (and your forces will be of no avail t o you, however numerous t hey be...) for even if you gat her what ever forces you can, t hen know t hat t hose whom Allah is wit h cannot be defeat ed,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and verily, Allah is wit h t he believers.) in reference t o t he Prophet 's group, t he side of t he chosen Messenger .

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ゆ あ や∠ヱギｚ ャや ゲｚ セ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ∇ムら⊥ ∇ャや ユぁ ダ ぁ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ

ユ⊥ワヱｚ ∇やヲｚャヲ∠ わ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ヨ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ヨ∠ ∇シΕ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョぁ (20. O you who believe! Obey Allah and His Messenger, and t urn not away from him while you are hearing. ) (21. And be not like t hose who say: "We have heard,'' but t hey hear not .) (22. Verily, t he worst of living creat ures wit h Allah are t he deaf and t he dumb (t he disbelievers), who underst and not .) (23. Had Allah known of any good in t hem, He would indeed have made t hem list en; and even if He had made t hem list en, t hey would but have t urned away wit h aversion.)

The Command to obey Allah and His Messenger Allah commands His believing servant s t o obey Him and His Messenger and warns t hem against defying him and imit at ing t he disbelievers who rej ect him. Allah said,

びヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t urn not away from him...), neit her refrain from obeying him or following his commands nor indulge in what he forbade,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (while you are hearing.) aft er you gained knowledge of his Message,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び (And be not like t hose who say: "We have heard,'' but t hey hear not .) Ibn Ishaq said t hat t his Ayah refers t o t he hypocrit es, who pret end t o hear and obey, while in fact t hey do neit her. Allah declares t hat t hese are t he most wicked creat ures among t he Children of Adam,

びユぁ ダ ぁ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゆ あ や∠ヱギｚ ャや ゲｚ セ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he worst of living creat ures wit h Allah are t he deaf) who do not hear t he t rut h,

びユ⊥ ∇ムら⊥ ∇ャやぴ (and t he dumb) who cannot comprehend it ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (who underst and not . ) These indeed are t he most wicked creat ures, for every creat ure except t hem abide by t he way t hat Allah creat ed in t hem. These people were creat ed t o worship Allah, but inst ead disbelieved. This is why Allah equat ed t hem t o animals, when He said,

Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ペ ⊥ バ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び￢⇔ へ∠ギル͡ ヱ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ハキ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (And t he example of t hose who disbelieve is as t hat of him who shout s t o t hose t hat hear not hing but calls and cries.) 2:171 , and,

ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΕ ∠ ゅ∠ミ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ピ∇ャや (They are like cat t le, nay even more ast ray; t hose! They are t he heedless ones.) 7:179 It was also said t hat t he Ayah (8:22) refers t o some of t he pagans of Quraysh from t he t ribe of Bani ` Abd Ad-Dar, according t o Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and Ibn Jarir. Muhammad bin Ishaq said t hat t his Ayah refers t o hypocrit es, as we st at ed. There is no cont radict ion here, because bot h disbelievers and hypocrit es are devoid of sound comprehension, in addit ion t o having lost t he int ent ion t o do good. Allah st at es here t hat such are t hose who neit her have sound underst anding nor good int ent ions, even if t hey have some t ype of reason,

び∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ヨ∠ ∇シΕ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Had Allah known of any good in t hem, He would indeed have made t hem list en.) He would have helped t hem underst and. However, t his did not happen because t here is no goodness in such people, for Allah knows t hat ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ヨ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(even if He had made t hem list en...) and allowed t hem t o underst and,

び∇やヲｚャ∠ヲ∠わ∠ャぴ (t hey would but have t urned...), int ent ionally and out of st ubbornness, even aft er t hey comprehend,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョぁ ユ⊥ワヱ∠ ぴ (wit h aversion.), t o t he t rut h.

や∠クま͡ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ヤ͡ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇シや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥エΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ハキ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや (24. O you who believe! Answer Allah and (His) Messenger when he (t he Messenger) calls you t o t hat which will give you life, and know t hat Allah comes bet ween a person and his heart . And verily t o Him you shall (all) be gat hered.)

The Command to answer and obey Allah and His Messenger Al-Bukhari said,

び∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇シやぴ "(Answer), obey,

び∇ユム⊥ Β͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ぴ (t hat which will give you life) t hat which will make your affairs good.'' Al-Bukhari went on t o narrat e t hat Abu Sa` id bin Al-Mu` alla said, "I was praying when t he Prophet passed by and called me, but I did not answer him unt il I finished t he prayer. He said,

:ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ボ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∨ヶ͡レΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ マ ∠ バ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (What prevent ed you from answering me Has not Allah said:

や∠クま͡ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ヤ͡ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇シや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び∇ユム⊥ Β͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ハキ∠ (O you who believe! Answer Allah and (His) Messenger when he calls you t o t hat which will give you life)' He t hen said:

∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ラ ͡ へゲ⊥ボ∇ャや ヶ͡プ り∃ ケ∠ ヲ⊥シ ユ∠ ヌ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ マ ∠ レｚ ヨ∠ ヤあハ ∠ ほ⊥ャ∠» «ァ⊥ゲ∇カぺ∠ (I will t each you t he great est Suah in t he Qur'an before I leave.) When he was about t o leave, I ment ioned what he said t o me. He said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (All t he praises and t hanks are t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s...) 1:1-6 .

«ヶ͡ルゅ∠んヨ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ∇らｚジャや ヶ ∠ ワ͡ » (Surely, it is t he seven oft -repeat ed verses.)''' Muhammad bin Ishaq narrat ed t hat Muhammad bin Ja` far bin Az-Zubayr said t hat ` Urwah bin Az-Zubayr explained t his Ayah,

や∠クま͡ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ヤ͡ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇シや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び∇ユム⊥ Β͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ハキ∠ (O you who believe! Answer Allah and (His) Messenger when he calls you t o t hat which will give you life,) "Answer when called t o war (Jihad) wit h which Allah gives you might aft er meekness, and st rengt h aft er weakness, and shields you from t he enemy who oppressed you.''

Allah comes in between a Person and His Heart Allah said,

びヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥エΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱぴ (and know t hat Allah comes in bet ween a person and his heart .)

Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "Allah prevent s t he believer from disbelief and t he disbeliever from fait h.'' Al-Hakim recorded t his in his Must adrak and said, "It is Sahih and t hey did not record it .'' . Similar was said by Muj ahid, Sa` id, ` Ikrimah, Ad-Dahhak, Abu Salih ` At iyyah, Muqat il bin Hayyan and As-Suddi. In anot her report from Muj ahid, he comment ed;

びヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥エΑ∠ ぴ (...comes in bet ween a person and his heart .) "Leaves him wit hout comprehension,'' As-Suddi said, "Prevent s one self from his own heart , so he will neit her believe nor disbelieve except by His leave.'' There are several Hadit hs t hat conform wit h t he meaning of t his Ayah. For inst ance, Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said, "The Prophet used t o oft en say t hese words,

«マ͡レΑ͡キ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヶ͡ら∇ヤホ∠ ∇ろらあ を∠ ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ヤあボ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠Α» (O You Who changes t he heart s, make my heart firm on Your religion.) We said, ` O Allah's Messenger! We believed in you and in what you brought us. Are you afraid for us' He said,

ぶ ͡ や ノ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βバ∠ ら∠ ∇タま͡ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » «ゅ∠ヰら⊥ ヤあボ∠ Α⊥ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ (Yes, for t he heart s are bet ween t wo of Allah's Fingers, He changes t hem (as He wills).)'' This is t he same narrat ion recorded by At -Tirmidhi in t he Book of Qadar in his Jami' Sunan , and he said, "Hasan.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat An-Nawwas bin Sam` an Al-Kilabi said t hat he heard t he Prophet saying,

ノ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βバ∠ ら⊥ ∇タぺ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ょ ∃ ∇ヤホ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ゅ∠ホぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ Β͡ボΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠セ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヨャ∠ゅ∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ リ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲｚ ャや «ヮ∠ビや∠コぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ピ∠ Α͡ゴΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠セ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ (Every heart is bet ween t wo of t he Fingers of t he Most Beneficent (Allah), Lord of all t hat exist s, if He wills, He makes it st raight , and if He wills, He makes it st ray.) And he said:

«マ͡レΑ͡キ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヶ͡ら∇ヤホ∠ ∇ろらあ を∠ ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ヤあボ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠Α»

(O You Who changes t he heart s! keep my heart firm on Your religion) And he would say;

«ヮ⊥バプ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ツ ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ガΑ∠ リ ͡ ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ラ ⊥ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ» (The Balance is in t he Hand of Ar-Rahman, He raises and lowers it .) This was also recorded by An-Nasai and Ibn Maj ah.

る⇔ タ ｚ べ∠カ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ら∠ Β͡ダゎ⊥ Ι ｚ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ (25. And fear t he Fit nah (afflict ion and t rial) which affect s not in part icular (only) t hose of you who do wrong, and know t hat Allah is severe in punishment .)

Warning against an encompassing Fitnah Allah warns His believing servant s of a Fit nah, t rial and t est , t hat encompasses t he wicked and t hose around t hem. Therefore, such Fit nah will not be rest rict ed t o t he sinners and evildoers. Rat her, it will reach t he ot hers if t he sins are not st opped and prevent ed. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Mut arrif said, "We asked Az-Zubayr, ` O Abu ` Abdullah! What brought you here (for t he bat t le of Al-Jamal) You abandoned t he Khalifah who was assassinat ed (` Ut hman, may Allah be pleased wit h him) and t hen came asking for revenge for his blood' He said, ` We recit ed at t he t ime of t he Messenger of Allah , and Abu Bakr, ` Umar and ` Ut hman,

∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ら∠ Β͡ダゎ⊥ Ι ｚ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ びる⇔ タ ｚ べ∠カ (And fear t he Fit nah (afflict ion and t rial) which affect s not in part icular (only) t hose of you who do wrong,) We did not t hink t hat t his Ayah was about us t oo, unt il it reached us as it did.''' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah,

∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ら∠ Β͡ダゎ⊥ Ι ｚ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ びる⇔ タ ｚ べ∠カ (And fear t he Fit nah (afflict ion and t rial) which affect s not in part icular (only) t hose of you who do wrong,) refers t o t he Companions of t he Prophet in part icular. In anot her narrat ion from Ibn ` Abbas, he said, "Allah commanded t he believers t o st op evil from flourishing among t hem, so

t hat Allah does not encompass t hem all in t he t orment (Fit nah). '' This, indeed, is a very good explanat ion, prompt ing Muj ahid t o comment about Allah's st at ement ,

∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ら∠ Β͡ダゎ⊥ Ι ｚ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ びる⇔ タ ｚ べ∠カ (And fear t he Fit nah (afflict ion and t rial) which affect s not in part icular (only) t hose of you who do wrong,) "Is for you t oo!'' Several said similarly, such as Ad-Dahhak and Yazid bin Abi Habib and several ot hers. Ibn Mas` ud said, "There is none among you but t here is somet hing t hat represent s a Fit nah for him, for Allah said,

びる∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (Your wealt h and your children are only a t rial (Fit nah)...) 64:15 . Therefore, when you seek refuge, seek it wit h Allah from t he Fit nah t hat causes misguidance.'' Ibn Jarir collect ed t his Hadit h. The view t hat t he warning in t his Ayah addresses t he Companions and all ot hers is t rue, even t hough t he speech in t he Ayah was direct ed at t he Companions. There are Hadit hs t hat warn against Fit nah in general, t hus providing t he correct ness of t his explanat ion. Similarly t here will be a separat e book in which t his subj ect will be discussed, Allah willing, as also is t he case wit h t he Imams, t here being a number of writ ings about t his. Of t he most precise t hings t hat have been ment ioned under t his t opic, is what was recorded by Imam Ahmad from Hudhayfah bin Al-Yaman t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ラ ｚ ヲ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇レわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ｚラゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほわ∠ ャ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» ゅ⇔よゅ∠ボハ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ やリ ｚ ム∠ セ ͡ ヲ⊥Βャ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ «ユ⊥ムャ∠ ょ ⊥ Β͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚレハ ⊥ ∇ギわ∠ ャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇レハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ (By He in Whose Hand is my soul! You will enj oin right eousness and forbid evil, or Allah will send a punishment upon you from Him; you will supplicat e t hen t o Him, but He will not answer your supplicat ion.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Ar-Riqad said, "I heard Hudhayfah saying, ` A person used t o ut t er one word during t he t ime of t he Messenger of Allah and become a hypocrit e on account of it . I now hear such words from one of you four t imes in t he same sit t ing. Surely, you will enj oin good, forbid evil and encourage each ot her t o do good or Allah will surround you all wit h t orment , or make t he wicked among you become your leaders. The right eous among you will t hen supplicat e, but t heir supplicat ion will not be accept ed.''' sImam Ahmad recorded t hat AnNu` man bin Bashir said t hat t he Prophet gave a speech in which he said, while point ing t o his ears wit h t wo of his fingers,

ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ノ͡ ホ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや∠ヱ ぶ ͡ や キ͡ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ͡ も͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ » ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タほ∠プ∠ る⇔ レ∠ Β͡ヘシ ∠ やヲ⊥らミ͡ ケ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ͡ ワ͡ や∠ギヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワゲｚ ∠セ∠ヱ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ヘ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ や⊥ヲボ∠ わ∠ ∇シや や∠クま͡ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡ヘ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ヶ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∠ラゅ∠ム∠プ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ヤ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ヱク⊥ べ∠プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ∠ ヲプ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヱぁゲョ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ∇リョ∠ ク͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βボ∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ゅ⇔ホ∇ゲカ ∠ ゅ∠レら͡ Β͡ダル∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ホゲ∠ カ ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ やヲ⊥ムヤ∠ワ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ :ゅ∠レ∠ホ∇ヲ∠プ «ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ や∇ヲイ ∠ ル∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヱ⊥グカ ∠ ぺ∠ (The parable of t he person abiding by Allah's order and rest rict ions in comparison t o t hose who violat e t hem, or sit idle while t hey are being violat ed, is t hat of t hose who drew lot s for t heir seat s in a boat . Some of t hem got seat s in t he lower part , which is t he most rough and worst part , and t he ot hers in t he upper. When t he former needed wat er, t hey had t o go up t o bring wat er and t hat t roubled t he ot hers, so t hey said, ` Let us make a hole in our share of t he ship and get wat er, saving t hose who are above us from t roubling t hem, so, if t he people in t he upper part let t he ot hers do what t hey suggest ed, all t he people of t he ship would be dest royed, but if t hey prevent ed t hem, bot h part ies would be safe.) This was recorded by Al-Bukhari, but not Muslim, in t he Book of Part nerships and t he Book of Wit nesses. It was also recorded by At -Tirmidhi t hrough a different rout e of narrat ion. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Umm Salamah, t he Prophet 's wife, said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚヨハ ∠ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ヶ͡プ ヶ͡タゅ∠バヨ∠ ∇ャや れ ͡ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ニ ∠ や∠クま͡» «ロ͡ギ∇レハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ (If sins become apparent in my Ummah, Allah will surround t hem wit h punishment from Him.) I said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Will t hey have right eous people among t hem t hen' He said,

«ヴ∠ヤよ∠ »

(Yes.) I asked, ` What will happen t o t hem' He said,

ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲΒ͡ダΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ Β͡ダΑ⊥ » «ラや∠ヲ∇ッケ͡ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ やリ ∠ ョ͡ り∃ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ (They will be st riken as t he people, but t hey will end up wit h Allah's forgiveness and pleasure.)'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jarir said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゴぁ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヶ͡タゅ∠バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚヨハ ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲΒあ ピ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ «ゆゅ∠ボバ͡ よ͡ (Every people among whom sins are being commit t ed, while t hey are might ier and more numerous t han t hose who do wrong, yet t hey did not hing t o st op t hem, t hen Allah will surround t hem all wit h punishment .) Ibn Maj ah collect ed t his Hadit h.

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘバ∠ ∇ツわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇クま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ ユ⊥ミギ∠ Αｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ヱべ∠プ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ヘ∠ ト ｚガ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガゎ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ム∠ホ∠コ∠ケ∠ヱ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダレ∠ よ͡ (26. And remember when you were few and were reckoned weak in t he land, and were afraid t hat men might kidnap you, but He provided a safe place for you, st rengt hened you wit h His help, and provided you wit h good t hings (for livelihood) so t hat you might be grat eful.)

Reminding Muslims of Their previous State of Weakness and Subjugation which changed into Might and Triumph Allah, t he Exalt ed, reminds His believing servant s of His blessings and favors on t hem. They were few and He made t hem many, weak and fearful and He provided t hem wit h st rengt h and vict ory. They were meek and poor, and He grant ed t hem sust enance and livelihood. He ordered t hem t o be grat eful t o Him, and t hey obeyed Him and implement ed what He commanded. When t he believers were st ill in Makkah t hey were few, pract icing t heir religion in secret , oppressed, fearing t hat pagans, fire worshippers or Romans might kidnap t hem from t he various

part s of Allah's eart h, for t hey were all enemies of t he Muslims, especially since Muslims were few and weak. Lat er on, Allah permit t ed t he believers t o migrat e t o Al-Madinah, where He allowed t hem t o set t le in a safe resort . Allah made t he people of Al-Madinah t heir allies, giving t hem refuge and support during Badr and ot her bat t les. They helped t he Migrant s wit h t heir wealt h and gave up t heir lives in obedience of Allah and His Messenger . Qat adah bin Di` amah As-Sadusi comment ed,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘバ∠ ∇ツわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇クま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ (And remember when you were few and were reckoned weak in t he land,) "Arabs were t he weakest of t he weak, had t he t oughest life, t he empt iest st omachs, t he barest skin and t he most obvious misguidance. Those who lived among t hem lived in misery; t hose who died went t o t he Fire. They were being eat en up, but unable t o eat up ot hers! By Allah! We do not know of a people on t he face of t he eart h at t hat t ime who had a worse life t han t hem. When Allah brought Islam, He made it dominant on t he eart h, t hus bringing provisions and leadership for t hem over t he necks of people. It is t hrough Islam t hat Allah grant ed all what you see, so t hank Him for His favors, for your Lord is One Who best ows favors and likes praise. Verily, t hose who t hank Allah enj oy even more bount ies from Him.''

メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ガゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ べ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠レ⇒∠ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ガゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ び (27. O you who believe! Bet ray not Allah and His Messenger, nor bet ray knowingly your Amanat (t hings ent rust ed t o you)). (28. And know t hat your possessions and your children are but a t rial and t hat surely, wit h Allah is a might y reward.)

Reason behind revealing This Ayah, and the prohibition of Betrayal The Two Sahihs ment ion t he st ory of Hat ib bin Abi Balt a` ah. In t he year of t he vict ory of Makkah he wrot e t o t he Quraysh alert ing t hem t hat t he Messenger of Allah int ended t o march t owards t hem. Allah informed His Messenger of t his, and he sent a Companion t o ret rieve t he let t er t hat Hat ib sent , and t hen he summoned him. He admit t ed t o what he did. ` Umar bin AlKhat t ab st ood up and said, "O Allah's Messenger! Should I cut off his head, for he has bet rayed Allah, His Messenger and t he believers'' The Prophet said,

ぶ ∠ やモ ｚ バ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ Α͡ケ∇ギΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩や⇔ケ∇ギよ∠ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ハキ∠ » ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ゅ∠ョ やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハや :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ケ∃ ∇ギよ∠ モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ∠ ヤ∠デ ｚや «ユ⊥ムャ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ビ ∠ (Leave him! He part icipat ed in Badr. How do you know t hat Allah has not looked at t hose who part icipat ed in Badr and said, Do what ever you want , for I have forgiven you.) However, it appears t hat t his Ayah is more general, even if it was revealed about a specific incident . Such rulings are dealt wit h by t heir indicat ions, not t he specific reasons behind revealing t hem, according t o t he maj orit y of scholars. Bet rayal includes bot h minor and maj or sins, as well t hose t hat affect ot hers. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah,

び∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠レ⇒∠ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ガゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor bet ray your Amanat ) "The Amanah refers t o t he act ions t hat Allah has ent rust ed t he servant s wit h, such as and including what He ordained. Therefore, Allah says here,

び∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ガゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (nor bet ray...), ` do not abandon t he obligat ions.''' ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd comment ed, "Allah forbade you from bet raying Him and His Messenger, as hypocrit es do.'' Allah said,

びる∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱぴ (And know t hat your possessions and your children are but a t rial.) from Him t o you. He grant s t hese t o you so t hat He knows which of you will be grat eful and obedient t o Him, or become busy wit h and dedicat ed t o t hem inst ead of Him. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ (Your wealt h and your children are only a t rial, whereas Allah! Wit h Him is a great reward.) 64:15 ,

びる⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ゼ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ミヲ⊥ヤ∇らル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We shall make a t rial of you wit h evil and wit h good.) 21:35 ,

∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヰ͡ ∇ヤゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや (O you who believe! Let not your propert ies or your children divert you from t he remembrance of Allah. And whosoever does t hat , t hen t hey are t he losers.) 63:9 , and,

∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ ∇ェゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ や⇔ヱ∂ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ (O you who believe! Verily, among your wives and your children t here are enemies for you (who may st op you from t he obedience of Allah); t herefore beware of t hem!) 64:14 Allah said next ,

び∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat surely wit h Allah is a might y reward.) Therefore, Allah's reward, favor and Paradise are bet t er for you t han wealt h and children. Cert ainly, among t he wealt h and children t here might be enemies for you and much of t hem avail not hing. Wit h Allah alone is t he decision and sovereignt y in t his life and t he Hereaft er, and He gives t remendous rewards on t he Day of Resurrect ion. In t he Sahih, t here is a Hadit h in which t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇リョ∠ :ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡み∇ャや り∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヤェ ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ よ͡ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮΒ͡プ ｚリミ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ∀ゐゅ∠ヤ∠を» ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ やヲ∠ シ ͡ ゅｚヨ͡ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ やラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ⊥ ぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャ ￢∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ

ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ノ∠ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ヴ∠ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ «ヮ∇レョ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ロ⊥ グ∠ ボ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ (There are t hree qualit ies for which whomever has t hem, he will have t ast ed t he sweet ness of fait h. (They are:) whoever Allah and His Messenger are dearer t o him t han anyone else, whoever loves a person for Allah's sake alone, and whoever prefers t o be t hrown in fire rat her t han revert t o disbelief, aft er Allah has saved him from it .) Therefore, loving t he Messenger of Allah comes before loving children, wealt h and oneself. In t he Sahih, it is confirmed t hat he said,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» サ ͡ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ «リΒ͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ (By He in Whose Hand is my soul! None of you will have fait h unless I become dearer t o him t han himself, his family, his wealt h and all people.)

∇ユム⊥ ャｚ モ∠バ∇イΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ラ∠ま ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒͡Αぴ ヱ⊥ク ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ∇ゲヘあ ム∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ホ∇ゲプ⊥ び ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや (29. O you who believe! If you obey and fear Allah, He will grant you Furqan, and will expiat e for you your sins, and forgive you; and Allah is t he Owner of t he great bount y.) Ibn ` Abbas, As-Suddi, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah, Muqat il bin Hayyan and several ot hers said t hat ,

びゅ⇔ルゅ∠ホ∇ゲプ⊥ ぴ (Furqan), means, ` a way out '; Muj ahid added, "In t his life and t he Hereaft er.'' In anot her narrat ion, Ibn ` Abbas is report ed t o have said, ` Furqan' means ` salvat ion' or -- according t o anot her narrat ion -- ` aid'. Muhammad bin Ishaq said t hat ` Furqan' means ` crit erion bet ween t rut h and falsehood'. This last explanat ion from Ibn Ishaq is more general t han t he rest t hat we ment ioned, and it also includes t he ot her meanings. Cert ainly, t hose who have Taqwa of Allah by obeying what He ordained and abst aining from what he forbade, will be guided t o

different iat e bet ween t he t rut h and t he falsehood. This will be a t riumph, safet y and a way out for t hem from t he affairs of t his life, all t he while acquiring happiness in t he Hereaft er. They will also gain forgiveness, t hus having t heir sins erased, and pardon, t hus having t heir sins covered from ot her people, as well as, being direct ed t o a way t o gain Allah's t remendous rewards,

ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シゲ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ モ∠バ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ョ リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠∇ヘミ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ヨゎ∠ (O you who believe! Have Taqwa of Allah, and believe in His Messenger, He will give you a double port ion of His mercy, and He will give you a light by which you shall walk (st raight ). And He will forgive you. And Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) 57:28 .

ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥わら͡ ∇んΒ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ よ͡ ゲ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ャや (30. And (remember) when t he disbelievers plot t ed against you t o imprison you, or t o kill you, or t o expel you (from your home, Makkah); t hey were plot t ing and Allah t oo was plot t ing; and Allah is t he best of plot t ers.)

The Makkans plot to kill the Prophet , imprison Him or expel Him from Makkah Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and Qat adah said,

びポ ∠ ヲ⊥わら͡ ∇んΒ⊥ ャ͡ぴ (Liyut hbit uka) means "t o imprison you.'' As-Suddi said, "It hbat is t o confine or t o shackle.'' Imam Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar, t he aut hor of Al-Maghazi, report ed from ` Abdullah bin Abi Naj ih, from Muj ahid, from Ibn ` Abbas, "Some of t he chiefs of t he various t ribes of Quraysh gat hered in Dar An-Nadwah (t heir conference area) and Iblis (Shayt an) met t hem in t he shape of an eminent old man. When t hey saw him, t hey asked, ` Who are you' He said, ` An old man from Naj d. I heard t hat you are having a meet ing, and I wished t o at t end your meet ing. You will benefit from my opinion and advice.' They said, ` Agreed, come in.' He ent ered wit h t hem.

Iblis said, ` You have t o t hink about t his man (Muhammad)! By Allah, he will soon overwhelm you wit h his mat t er (religion).' One of t hem said, ` Imprison him, rest rained in chains, unt il he dies j ust like t he poet s before him all died, such as Zuhayr and An-Nabighah! Verily, he is a poet like t hey were.' The old man from Naj d, t he enemy of Allah, comment ed, ` By Allah! This is not a good idea. His Lord will release him from his prison t o his companions, who will liberat e him from your hands. They will prot ect him from you and t hey might expel you from your land.' They said, ` This old man said t he t rut h. Therefore, seek an opinion ot her t han t his one.' Anot her one of t hem said, ` Expel him from your land, so t hat you are free from his t rouble! If he leaves your land, you will not be bot hered by what he does or where he goes, as long as he is not among you t o bring you t roubles, he will be wit h someone else.' The old man from Naj d replied, ` By Allah! This is not a good opinion. Have you forgot t en his sweet t alk and eloquency, as well as, how his speech capt ures t he heart s By Allah! This way, he will collect even more followers among Arabs, who will gat her against you and at t ack you in your own land, expel you and kill your chiefs.' They said, ` He has said t he t rut h, by Allah! Therefore, seek an opinion ot her t han t his one.' hAbu Jahl, may Allah curse him, spoke next , ` By Allah! I have an idea t hat no one else has suggest ed yet , and I see no bet t er opinion for you. Choose a st rong, socially elevat ed young man from each t ribe, and give each one of t hem a sharp sword. Then t hey would all st rike Muhammad at t he same t ime wit h t heir swords and kill him. Hence, his blood would be shed by all t ribes. This way, his t ribe, Banu Hashim, would realize t hat t hey cannot wage war against all of t he Quraysh t ribes and would be forced t o agree t o accept t he blood money; we would have brought comfort t o ourselves and st opped him from bot hering us.' The old man from Naj d comment ed, ` By Allah! This man has expressed t he best opinion, and I do not support any ot her opinion.' They quickly ended t heir meet ing and st art ed preparing for t he implement at ion of t his plan. Jibril came t o t he Prophet and commanded him not t o sleep in his bed t hat night and conveyed t o him t he news of t heir plot . The Messenger of Allah did not sleep in his house t hat night , and Allah gave him permission t o migrat e. Aft er t he Messenger migrat ed t o Al-Madinah, Allah revealed t o him Suat Al-Anfal reminding him of His favors and t he bount ies He gave him,

ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥わら͡ ∇んΒ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ よ͡ ゲ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ャや (And (remember) when t he disbelievers plot t ed against you t o imprison you, or t o kill you, or t o expel you (from Makkah); t hey were plot t ing and Allah t oo was plot t ing; and Allah is t he best of plot t ers.) Allah replied t o t he pagans' st at ement t hat t hey should await t he deat h of t he Prophet , j ust as t he poet s before him perished, as t hey claimed,

び ͡ラヲ⊥レ∠ヨ∇ャや ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゾ ⊥ よｚ ゲ∠ わ∠ ルｚ ∀ゲ͡ハゅ∠セ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ

(Or do t hey say: "He is a poet ! We await for him some calamit y by t ime!'') 52:30 As-Suddi narrat ed a similar st ory. Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed from Muhammad bin Ja` far bin Az-Zubayr, from ` Urwah bin AzZubayr who comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∠ラヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ヨ∠Α∠ヱぴ (...t hey were plot t ing and Allah t oo was plot t ing, and Allah is t he best of plot t ers.) "I (Allah) plot t ed against t hem wit h My sure planning, and I saved you (O Muhammad) from t hem.''

￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ - ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ∠Εや ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤボ⊥ ∠ャ ポ ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ∇もや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠イェ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ゲト ͡ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ ョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (31. And when Our Ayat are recit ed t o t hem, t hey say: "We have heard (t he Qur'an); if we wish we can say t he like of t his. This is not hing but t he t ales of t he ancient s.'') (32. And (remember) when t hey said: "O Allah! If t his (t he Qur'an) is indeed t he t rut h (revealed) from You, t hen rain down st ones on us from t he sky or bring on us a painful t orment .'') (33. And Allah would not punish t hem while you (Muhammad ) are among t hem, nor will He punish t hem while t hey seek (Allah's) forgiveness.)

The Quraysh claimed They can produce Something similar to the Qur'an Allah describes t he disbelief, t ransgression, rebellion, as well as misguided st at ement s t hat t he pagans of Quraysh used t o ut t er when t hey heard Allah's Ayat being recit ed t o t hem,

びへ∠グ⇒∠ワ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤボ⊥ ャ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ ("We have heard (t he Qur'an); if we wish we can say t he like of t his.'')

They boast ed wit h t heir words, but not wit h t heir act ions. They were challenged several t imes t o bring even one chapt er like t he Qur'an, and t hey had no way t o meet t his challenge. They only boast ed in order t o deceive t hemselves and t hose who followed t heir falsehood. It was said t hat An-Nadr bin Al-Harit h, may Allah curse him, was t he one who said t his, according t o Sa` id bin Jubayr, As-Suddi, Ibn Jurayj and ot hers. An-Nadr visit ed Persia and learned t he st ories of some Persian kings, such as Rust um and Isphandiyar. When he went back t o Makkah, He found t hat t he Prophet was sent from Allah and recit ing t he Qur'an t o t he people. Whenever t he Prophet would leave an audience in which An-Nadr was sit t ing, An-Nadr began narrat ing t o t hem t he st ories t hat he learned in Persia, proclaiming aft erwards, "Who, by Allah, has bet t er t ales t o narrat e, I or Muhammad'' When Allah allowed t he Muslims t o capt ure An-Nadr in Badr, t he Messenger of Allah commanded t hat his head be cut off before him, and t hat was done, all t hanks are due t o Allah. The meaning of,

びリ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘ や ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ぴ (. ..t ales of t he ancient s) meaning t hat t he Prophet has plagiarized and learned books of ancient people, and t his is what he narrat ed t o people, as t hey claimed. This is t he pure falsehood t hat Allah ment ioned in anot her Ayah,

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇ヨゎ⊥ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰら∠ わ∠ わ∠ ∇ミや ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ヴ͡プ ゲｚ ジ あ ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇モホ⊥ - Κ ⇔ Β͡タぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (And t hey say: "Tales of t he ancient s, which he has writ t en down:, and t hey are dict at ed t o him morning and aft ernoon.'' Say: "It (t his Qur'an) has been sent down by Him (Allah) Who knows t he secret of t he heavens and t he eart h. Truly, He is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.'') 25:5-6 for t hose who repent and ret urn t o Him, He accept s repent ance from t hem and forgives t hem.

The Idolators ask for Allah's Judgment and Torment! Allah said,

ポ ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ∇もや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠イェ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ゲト ͡ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ び ユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠

(And (remember) when t hey said: "O Allah! If t his (t he Qur'an) is indeed t he t rut h (revealed) from You, t hen rain down st ones on us from t he sky or bring on us a painful t orment .'') This is indicat ive of t he pagans' enormous ignorance, denial, st ubbornness and t ransgression. They should have said, "O Allah! If t his is t he t rut h from You, t hen guide us t o it and help us follow it .'' However, t hey brought Allah's j udgment on t hemselves and asked for His punishment . Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∀ィ ∠ ぺ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠イャｚ び (And t hey ask you t o hast en on t he t orment (for t hem), and had it not been for a t erm appoint ed, t he t orment would cert ainly have come t o t hem. And surely, it will come upon t hem suddenly while t hey perceive not !) 29:53 ,

びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レト ｚ ホ͡ ゅ∠レャｚ モあイハ ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (They say: "Our Lord! Hast en t o us Qit t ana (our record of good and bad deeds so t hat we may see it ) before t he Day of Reckoning!'') 38:16 , and,

∀ノ͡プや∠キ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャあ - ノ∃ ホ͡ や∠ヱ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ∀モ͡もべ∠シ メ ∠ ほ∠シ ∠ぴ びァ ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠バヨ∠ ∇ャや ヵ͡ク ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ (A quest ioner asked concerning a t orment about t o befall. Upon t he disbelievers, which none can avert . From Allah, t he Lord of t he ways of ascent .) 70:1-3 The ignorant ones in ancient t imes said similar t hings. The people of Shu` ayb said t o him,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ヘ∠ジミ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇テボ͡ ∇シほ∠プ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや ("So cause a piece of t he heaven t o fall on us, if you are of t he t rut hful!'') 26:187 while t he pagans of Quraysh said,

∇ゲト ͡ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ ポ ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ びユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ∇もや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠イェ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ("O Allah! If t his (t he Qur'an) is indeed t he t rut h (revealed) from You, t hen rain down st ones on us from t he sky or bring on us a painful t orment .'') Shu` bah said from ` Abdul-Hamid t hat Anas bin Malik said t hat it was Abu Jahl bin Hisham who ut t ered t his st at ement ,

∇ゲト ͡ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ ポ ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ びユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ∇もや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠イェ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ("O Allah! If t his (t he Qur'an) is indeed t he t rut h (revealed) from You, t hen rain down st ones on us from t he sky or bring on us a painful t orment .'') So Allah revealed t his Ayah,

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ ョ⊥ (And Allah would not punish t hem while you are among t hem, nor will He punish t hem while t hey seek (Allah's) forgiveness.) Al-Bukhari recorded it .

The Presence of the Prophet , and the Idolators' asking For forgiveness, were the Shelters against receiving Allah's immediate Torment Allah said,

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ ョ⊥

(And Allah would not punish t hem while you are among t hem, nor will He punish t hem while t hey seek (Allah's) forgiveness.) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Pagans used t o go around t he House in Tawaf and proclaim, ` We rush t o Your obedience, O Allah, t here is no part ner wit h You,' and t he Prophet would t ell t hem,

«ギ∠ホ ∩∃ギホ∠ » (Enough, enough.) But t hey would go on, ` We rush t o Your obedience, O Allah, t here is no part ner wit h You except a part ner who is wit h You, You own Him but he does not own! They also used t o say, ` O Allah, Your forgiveness, Your forgiveness.' Allah revealed t his verse;

び∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah would not punish t hem while you are among t hem...)''' Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "They had t wo safet y shelt ers: t he Prophet , and t heir seeking forgiveness (from Allah). The Prophet went away, and only seeking forgiveness remained.'' At Tirmidhi recorded t hat Abu Musa said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ヶ͡わョｚ ほ⊥ャ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βル∠ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠» ("Allah sent down t o me t wo safe shelt ers for t he benefit of my Ummah)

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ ョ⊥ (And Allah would not punish t hem while you are among t hem, nor will He punish t hem while t hey seek (Allah's) forgiveness.)

ュ͡ ヲ∠Α ヴ∠ャま͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヘ∇ピわ͡ ∇シゅ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ Β͡プ ろ ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βツ ∠ ョ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ » «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや (When I die, I will leave t he seeking of forgiveness wit h t hem, unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion.) What t est ifies t o t his Hadit h, is t he Hadit h t hat Ahmad recorded in his Musnad and Al-Hakim in his Must adrak, t hat Abu Sa` id narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゥ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α マ ∠ ゎ͡ ゴｚ ハ ͡ ヱ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ゅト ∠ ∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» .∇ユワ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠ジ∇ィぺ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ェ ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ろョ∠ や∠キ ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ヵ͡ヲ∇ビぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ビぺ∠ メ ⊥ や∠コぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ ヶ͡ャゅ∠ヤィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ゎゴｚ ハ ͡ ヱ∠ :ゆ ぁ ゲｚ ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ «ヶ͡ルヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ョ (Shayt an said, ` By Your might , O Lord! I will go on luring Your servant s as long as t heir souls are st ill in t heir bodies.' The Lord said, ` By My might and maj est y! I will keep forgiving t hem, as long as t hey keep invoking Me for forgiveness.') Al-Hakim, "It s chain is Sahih and t hey did not record it .''

リ ͡ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ よ∠ あグバ∠ Α⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ロ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ る⇔ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ムョ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ Κ ∠タ ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや (34. And why should not Allah punish t hem while t hey hinder (men) from Al-Masj id Al-Haram, and t hey are not it s guardians None can be it s guardians except t hose who have Taqwa, but most of t hem know not .) (35. Their Salah at t he House was not hing but Muka' and Tasdiyah. Therefore t ast e t he punishment because you used t o disbelieve.)

The Idolators deserved Allah's Torment after Their Atrocities Allah st at es t hat t he idolat ors deserved t he t orment , but He did not t orment t hem in honor of t he Prophet residing among t hem. Aft er Allah allowed t he Prophet t o migrat e away from t hem, He sent His t orment upon t hem on t he day of Badr. During t hat bat t le, t he chief pagans were killed, or capt ured. Allah also direct ed t hem t o seek forgiveness for t he sins, Shirk and wickedness t hey indulged in. If it was not for t he fact t hat t here were some weak Muslims living among t he Makkan pagans, t hose Muslims who invoked Allah for His forgiveness, Allah would have sent down t o t hem t he t orment t hat could never be avert ed. Allah did not do t hat on account of t he weak, ill-t reat ed, and oppressed believers living among t hem, as He reit erat ed about t he day at Al-Hudaybiyyah,

ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱぁギタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ぴ ∀メゅ∠ィ͡ケ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚエ ͡ ョ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ゅ⇔プヲ⊥ム∇バョ∠ ン ∠ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゃト ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ∀ろ⇒∠レ͡ョ∇ぽョぁ ∀￢べ∠ジ͡ル∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ ャあ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ∀りゲｚ バ∠ ョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∇ユム∠らΒ͡ダわ⊥ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠レ∇よグｚ バ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤΑｚ ゴ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ (They are t he ones who disbelieved and hindered you from Al-Masj id Al-Haram (at Makkah) and det ained t he sacrificial animals from reaching t heir place of sacrifice. Had t here not been believing men and believing women whom you did not know, t hat you may kill t hem and on whose account a sin would have been commit t ed by you wit hout (your) knowledge, t hat Allah might bring int o His mercy whom He wills if t hey (t he believers and t he disbelievers) had been apart , We verily, would have punished t hose of t hem who disbelieved wit h painful t orment .) 48:25 Allah said here,

リ ͡ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ よ∠ あグバ∠ Α⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ロ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや (And why should not Allah punish t hem while t hey hinder (men) from Al-Masj id Al-Haram, and t hey are not it s guardians None can be it s guardians except t hose who have Taqwa, but most of t hem know not .) Allah asks, ` why would not He t orment t hem while t hey are st opping Muslims from going t o AlMasj id Al-Haram, t hus hindering t he believers, it s own people, from praying and performing Tawaf in it ' Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ロ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ T(And t hey are not it s guardians None can be it s guardians except t hose who have Taqwa,) meaning, t he Prophet and his Companions are t he t rue dwellers (or wort hy maint ainers) of AlMasj id Al-Haram, not t he pagans. Allah said in ot her Ayah,

ぶや ギ∠ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ジョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヨ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ ∇ろト ∠ ら͡ ェ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ͡ヰジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒∠セ ゲ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ イ ͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ヴ∠ジバ∠ プ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ズ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ヴ∠ゎや￢∠ヱ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや びリ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ (It is not for t he polyt heist s, t o maint ain t he Masj ids of Allah, while t hey wit ness disbelief against t hemselves. The works of such are in vain and in t he Fire shall t hey abide. The Masj ids of Allah shall be maint ained only by t hose who believe in Allah and t he Last Day; perform t he Salah, and give t he Zakah and fear none but Allah. It is t hey who are on t rue guidance.) 9:1718 , and,

ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∀ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ギｘ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ァ ⊥ や∠ゲ∇カま͡ヱ∠ (But a great er (t ransgression) wit h Allah is t o prevent mankind from following t he way of Allah, t o disbelieve in Him, t o prevent access t o Al-Masj id Al-Haram (at Makkah), and t o drive out it s inhabit ant s,) 2:217 . ` Urwah, As-Suddi and Muhammad bin Ishaq said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ぴ (None can be it s guardians except t hose who have Taqwa,) refers t o Muhammad and his Companions, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem all. Muj ahid explained t hat t his Ayah is about t he Muj ahidin in Allah's cause , whomever and wherever t hey may be. Allah t hen ment ioned t he pract ice of t he pagans next t o Al-Masj id Al-Haram and t he respect t hey observed in it s vicinit y,

びる⇔ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ムョ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ Κ ∠タ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (Their Salah (prayer) at t he House was not hing but Muka' and Tasdiyah. )

` Abdullah bin ` Umar, Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Abu Raj a' Al-Ut ardi, Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi, Huj r bin ` Anbas, Nubayt bin Sharit , Qat adah and ` AbdurRahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said t hat t his part of t he Ayah refers t o whist ling. Muj ahid added t hat t he pagans used t o place t heir fingers in t heir mout h (while whist ling). Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びる⇔ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ムョ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ Κ ∠タ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (Their Salat at t he House was not hing but Muka' and Tasdiyah.) "The Quraysh used t o perform Tawaf (encircling t he Ka` bah) while naked, whist ling and clapping t heir hands, for Muka' means ` whist ling', while, Tasdiyah means ` clapping t he hands.''' This meaning was also report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, by ` Ali bin Abi Talhah and Al-` Awfi. Similar was recorded from Ibn ` Umar, Muj ahid, Muhammad bin Ka` b, Abu Salamah bin ` AbdurRahman, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah, ` At iyyah Al-` Awfi, Huj r bin ` Anbas and Ibn Abza. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar explained t he Ayah,

びる⇔ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ムョ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ Κ ∠タ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (Their Salat at t he House was not hing but Muka' and Tasdiyah.) "Muka' means ` whist ling', while, ` Tasdiyah' means ` clapping t he hands.''' Sa` id bin Jubayr and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd said t hat ,

びる⇔ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and Tasdiyah), means, t hey hindered from t he pat h of Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored. Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ ぴ (Therefore t ast e t he punishment because you used t o disbelieve.) This refers t o t he deat h and capt ure t hat t hey suffered during t he bat t le of Badr, according t o Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Jurayj and Muhammad bin Ishaq.

リ∠ハ ∇やヱぁギダ ⊥ Β∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ｚユを⊥ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ジェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Βジ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∠ラヲ⊥ら∠ヤ∇ピΑ⊥

ゑ ∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ Βあ ト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゑ ∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゴ∠ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ャ͡ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇イΒ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ミ⊥ ∇ゲΒ∠ プ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ (36. Verily, t hose who disbelieve spend t heir wealt h t o hinder (men) from t he pat h of Allah, and so will t hey cont inue t o spend it ; but in t he end it will become an anguish for t hem. Then t hey will be overcome. And t hose who disbelieve will be gat hered unt o Hell.) (37. In order t hat Allah may dist inguish t he wicked from t he good, and put t he wicked one over anot her, heap t hem t oget her and cast t hem int o Hell. Those! it is t hey who are t he losers.)

The Disbelievers spend Their Wealth to hinder Others from Allah's Path, but this will only cause Them Grief

Muhammad bin Ishaq narrat ed t hat Az-Zuhri, Muhammad bin Yahya bin Hibban, ` Asim bin ` Umar bin Qat adah, and Al-Husayn bin ` Abdur-Rahman bin ` Amr bin Sa` id bin Mu` adh said, "The Quraysh suffered defeat at Badr and t heir forces went back t o Makkah, while Abu Sufyan went back wit h t he caravan int act . This is when ` Abdullah bin Abi Rabi` ah, ` Ikrimah bin Abi Jahl, Safwan bin Umayyah and ot her men from Quraysh who lost t heir fat hers, sons or brot hers in Badr, went t o Abu Sufyan bin Harb. They said t o him, and t o t hose among t he Quraysh who had wealt h in t hat caravan, ` O people of Quraysh! Muhammad has grieved you and killed t he chiefs among you. Therefore, help us wit h t his wealt h so t hat we can fight him, it may be t hat we will avenge our losses.' They agreed.'' Muhammad bin Ishaq said, "This Ayah was revealed about t hem, according t o Ibn ` Abbas,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who disbelieve spend t heir wealt h...) unt il,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ぴ (t hey who are t he losers. )'' Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hakam bin ` Uyaynah, Qat adah, AsSuddi and Ibn Abza said t hat t his Ayah was revealed about Abu Sufyan and his spending money in Uhud t o fight t he Messenger of Allah . Ad-Dahhak said t hat t his Ayah was revealed about t he idolat ors of Badr. In any case, t he Ayah is general, even t hough t here was a specific incident t hat accompanied it s revelat ion. Allah st at es here t hat t he disbelievers spend t heir wealt h t o hinder from t he pat h of t rut h. However, by doing t hat , t heir money will be spent and t hen will become a source of grief and anguish for t hem, availing t hem not hing in t he least . They seek t o ext inguish t he Light of Allah and make t heir word higher t han t he word of t rut h. However,

Allah will complet e His Light , even t hough t he disbelievers hat e it . He will give aid t o His religion, make His Word dominant , and His religion will prevail above all religions. This is t he disgrace t hat t he disbelievers will t ast e in t his life; and in t he Hereaft er, t hey will t ast e t he t orment of t he Fire. Whoever among t hem lives long, will wit ness wit h his eyes and hear wit h his ears what causes grief t o him. Those among t hem who are killed or die will be ret urned t o et ernal disgrace and t he everlast ing punishment . This is why Allah said,

∠ラヲ⊥ら∠ヤ∇ピΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ジェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Βジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ (And so will t hey cont inue t o spend it ; but in t he end it will become an anguish for t hem. Then t hey will be overcome. And t hose who disbelieve will be gat hered unt o Hell. ) Allah said,

びょ ͡ Βあ ト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゑ ∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゴ∠ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ (In order t hat Allah may dist inguish t he wicked from t he good.), meaning recognize t he difference bet ween t he people of happiness and t he people of misery, according t o Ibn ` Abbas, as ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from him. Allah dist inguishes bet ween t hose believers who obey Him and fight His disbelieving enemies and t hose who disobey Him. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ケ∠ グ∠ Β∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚョぴ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ょ ͡ Βあ ト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゑ ∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ∠ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ びょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ヤ͡∇トΒ⊥ ャ͡ (Allah will not leave t he believers in t he st at e in which you are now, unt il He dist inguishes t he wicked from t he good. Nor will Allah disclose t o you t he secret s of t he Ghayb (Unseen).) 3:179 , and,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ͡ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィ (Do you t hink t hat you will ent er Paradise before Allah (t est s) t hose of you who fought (in His cause) and (also) t est s t hose who are t he pat ient ) 3:142 .

Therefore, t he Ayah (8:37) means, ` We t ried you wit h combat ant disbelievers whom We made able t o spend money in fight ing you,'

ゑ ∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ Βあ ト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゑ ∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゴ∠ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ びヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ミ⊥ ∇ゲΒ∠ プ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ (in order t hat Allah may dist inguish t he wicked from t he good, and put t he wicked one over anot her, heap t hem t oget her) put in a pile on t op of each ot her,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇イΒ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and cast t hem int o Hell. Those! It is t hey who are t he losers.) 8:37 , in t his life and t he Hereaft er.

ブ ∠ ヤ∠シ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ∠ ∇ピΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レ∠Α ラ͡ま ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ モ⊥ホぴ び ͡リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ろ ⊥ ｚレシ ⊥ ∇ろツ ∠ ョ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇やヱキ⊥ ヲ⊥バΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ リ ⊥ Αあギャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ラ͡まヱ∠ - ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇や∇ヲヰ∠ わ∠ ∇ルや ラ ͡ み͡プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡ャ ユ∠ ∇バル͡ ヱ∠ ヴャ∠∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇ユミ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲョ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハゅ∠プ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダレｚ ャや (38. Say t o t hose who have disbelieved, if t hey cease, t heir past will be forgiven. But if t hey ret urn (t heret o), t hen t he examples of t hose (punished) before t hem have already preceded (as a warning).) (39. And fight t hem unt il t here is no more Fit nah, and t he religion (worship) will all be for Allah alone. But if t hey cease, t hen cert ainly, Allah is All-Seer of what t hey do.) (40. And if t hey t urn away, t hen know t hat Allah is your prot ect or -- (what ) an excellent prot ect or and (what ) an excellent helper!)

Encouraging the Disbelievers to seek Allah's Forgiveness, warning Them against Disbelief Allah commands His Prophet Muhammad ,

び∇やヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レ∠Α ラ͡ま ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ モ⊥ホぴ (Say t o t hose who have disbelieved, if t hey cease...) t he disbelief, defiance and st ubbornness t hey indulge in, and embrace Islam, obedience and repent ance.

びブ ∠ ヤ∠シ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ∠ ∇ピΑ⊥ ぴ (t heir past will be forgiven.) along wit h t heir sins and errors. It is recorded in t he Sahih AlBukhari t hat Abu Wa'il said t hat Ibn Mas'ud said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヶ͡プ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ∇グカ ∠ や∠ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや ヶ͡プ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » メ ͡ ヱｚ ほ∠∇ャゅ͡よ グ∠ カ ͡ ぺ⊥ ュ͡ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや ヶ͡プ ￢∠ ゅ∠シぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡るΒｚ ヤ͡ワ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや «ゲ͡カべ∇ャや∠ヱ (He who becomes good in his Islam, will not be punished for what he has commit t ed during Jahiliyyah (before Islam). He who becomes bad in his Islam, will face a punishment for his previous and lat t er deeds.) It is also recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ぁょイ ⊥ ゎ∠ る⊥ よ∠ ∇ヲわｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ぁょイ ⊥ Α∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや» «ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇らホ∠ ("Islam erases what occurred before it , and repent ance erases what occurs before it .'') Allah said,

び∇やヱ⊥キヲ⊥バΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (But if t hey ret urn, ) and remain on t heir ways,

びリ ͡ Βャ͡ヱｚ Ι ｘやろ ⊥ ｚレシ ⊥ ∇ろツ ∠ ョ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ぴ

(t hen t he examples of t hose (punished) before t hem have already preceded.) 8:38 meaning, Our way wit h t he nat ions of old is t hat when t hey disbelieve and rebel, We send down t o t hem immediat e t orment and punishment .

The Order to fight to eradicate Shirk and Kufr Allah said,

ヮ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ リ ⊥ Αあギャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤ͡ャ (And fight t hem unt il t here is no more Fit nah, and t he religion will all be for Allah alone.) Al-Bukhari recorded t hat a man came t o Ibn ` Umar and said t o him, "O Abu ` Abdur-Rahman! Why do you not implement what Allah said in His Book,

び∇やヲ⊥ヤわ∠ わ∠ ∇ホや リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if t wo part ies (or groups) among t he believers fall t o fight ing...) 49:9 . What prevent s you from fight ing as Allah ment ioned in His Book'' Ibn ` Umar said, "O my nephew! I prefer t hat I be reminded wit h t his Ayah rat her t han fight ing, for in t he lat t er case, I will be reminded by t he Ayah in which Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, said,

びや⇔ギあヨバ∠ わ∠ ョぁ ゅ⇔レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇モわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever kills a believer int ent ionally...) 4:93 '' The man said, "Allah, t he Exalt ed, said,

びる∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And fight t hem unt il t here is no more Fit nah...).'' Ibn ` Umar said, "We did t hat during t he t ime of t he Messenger of Allah, when Islam was weak and t he man would be t ried in religion, eit her t orment ed t o deat h or being imprisoned. When Islam became st ronger and widespread, t here was no more Fit nah.'' When t he man realized t hat Ibn ` Umar would not agree t o what he is saying, he asked him, "What do you say about ` Ali and ` Ut hman'' Ibn ` Umar replied, "What do I say about ` Ali and ` Ut hman! As for ` Ut hman, Allah has forgiven him, but you hat e t hat Allah forgives him. As for ` Ali, he is t he cousin of t he Messenger of Allah and his son-in-law,'' and he point ed wit h his hand saying, "And t his is his house over t here.'' Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "Ibn ` Umar came t o us and was asked, "What do you say about fight ing during Fit nah'' Ibn ` Umar

said, "Do you know what Fit nah refers t o Muhammad was fight ing against t he idolat ors, and at t hat t ime, at t ending (or residing wit h) t he idolat ors was a Fit nah (t rial in religion). It is not hing like what you are doing, fight ing t o gain leadership!'' All t hese narrat ions were collect ed by AlBukhari, may Allah t he Exalt ed grant him His mercy. Ad-Dahhak report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about t he Ayah,

びる∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And fight t hem unt il t here is no more Fit nah...) "So t hat t here is no more Shirk.'' Similar was said by Abu Al-` Aliyah, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, As-Suddi, Muqat il bin Hayyan and Zayd bin Aslam. Muhammad bin Ishaq said t hat he was informed from Az-Zuhri, from ` Urwah bin Az-Zubayr and ot her scholars t hat

びる∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヴわｚ ェ ∠ぴ (unt il t here is no more Fit nah) t he Fit nah ment ioned here means, unt il no Muslim is persecut ed so t hat he abandons his religion. Ad-Dahhak report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ͡ ヤ͡ャ ヮ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ リ ⊥ Αあギャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t he religion (worship) will all be for Allah alone.) "So t hat Tawhid is pract iced in sincerit y wit h Allah.'' Al-Hasan, Qat adah and Ibn Jurayj said,

びヮ͡ ヤ͡ャ ヮ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ リ ⊥ Αあギャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t he religion will all be for Allah alone) "So t hat La ilaha illa-llah is proclaimed.'' Muhammad bin Ishaq also comment ed on t his Ayah, "So t hat Tawhid is pract iced in sincerit y t owards Allah, wit hout Shirk, all t he while shunning all rivals who (are being worshipped) besides Him.'' ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said about ,

びヮ͡ ヤ͡ャ ヮ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ リ ⊥ Αあギャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t he religion will all be for Allah alone) "So t hat t here is no more Kufr (disbelief) wit h your religion remains.'' There is a Hadit h collect ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat t est ifies t o t his explanat ion. The Messenger of Allah said,

ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩∠サゅｚレャや モ ∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ホぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥» ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠ョキ͡ ヶあレョ͡ やヲ⊥ヨダ ∠ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ぶや «モ∠ィヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰボあ エ ∠ よ͡ ゅｚャま͡ (I was commanded t o fight against t he people unt il t hey proclaim, ` There is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah.' If and when t hey say it , t hey will preserve t heir blood and wealt h from me, except for it s right (Islamic penal code), and t heir reckoning is wit h Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored.) Also, in t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari said, "The Messenger of Allah was asked about a man who fight s because he is courageous, in prej udice wit h his people, or t o show off. Which of t hese is for t he cause of Allah He said,

ヶ͡プ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ヤバ⊥ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ぶ ͡ や る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャ͡ モ ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇リョ∠ » «モ∠ィヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ やモ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ (Whoever fight s so t hat Allah's Word is t he supreme, is in t he cause of Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored.)'' Allah said next ,

び∇や∇ヲヰ∠ わ∠ ∇ルや ラ ͡ み͡プ∠ ぴ (But if t hey cease), and desist from t heir Kufr as a result of your fight ing t hem, even t hough you do not know t he t rue reasons why t hey did so,

び∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (t hen cert ainly, Allah is All-Seer of what t hey do.) Allah said in similar Ayah,

∇やヲぁヤガ ∠ プ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ ゎ∠ や￢∠ヱ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠Β͡らシ ∠

(But if t hey repent and perform t he Salah, and give Zakah, t hen leave t heir way free.) 9:5 ,

びリ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ル⊥ や∠ヲカ͡みプ∠ ぴ (...t hen t hey are your bret hren in religion.) 9:11 , and,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャ リ ⊥ Αあギャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ギハ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ∠ヰわ∠ ルや ラ ͡ み͡プ∠ (And fight t hem unt il t here is no more Fit nah and t he religion (worship) is for Allah (alone). But if t hey cease, let t here be no t ransgression except against t he wrongdoers.) 2:193 It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t o Usamah bin Zayd when he overpowered a man wit h his sword, aft er t hat man proclaimed t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah;

ノ⊥ レ∠ ∇ダゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ ∨⊥ぶや ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ョ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ぺ∠» «∨͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ヤよ͡ (Have you killed him aft er he proclaimed, ` La Ilaha Illallah' What would you do wit h regard t o ` La Ilaha Illallah' on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) Usamah said, "O Allah's Messenger! He only said it t o save himself.'' The Messenger replied,

«∨͡ヮら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ボボ∠ セ ∠ ゅｚヤワ∠ » (Did you cut his heart open) The Messenger kept repeat ing,

«∨͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ヤよ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ∇リョ∠ » (What would you do wit h regard t o ` La Ilaha Illallah' on t he Day of Resurrect ion) unt il Usamah said, "I wished I had embraced Islam only t hat day.'' Allah said next ,

ヴ∠ャ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇ユミ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲョ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハゅ∠プ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダレｚ ャや ユ∠ ∇バル͡ ヱ∠ (And if t hey t urn away, t hen know t hat Allah is your prot ect or, an excellent prot ect or, and an excellent helper!) Allah says, if t he disbelievers persist in defying and fight ing you, t hen know t hat Allah is your prot ect or, mast er and support er against your enemies. Verily, what an excellent prot ect or and what an excellent support er.

ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ヨ⊥ カ ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ラ ｚ ほ∠プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ユ⊥わ∇ヨレ͡ ビ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱぴ リ ͡ Β͡ム⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡グャ͡ヱ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ヤ͡ャヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ユ⊥わ∇レョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ͡ ∇よや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ラ ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ボわ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ホ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠ル͡ギ∇ら∠ハ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (41. And know t hat what ever of war boot y t hat you may gain, verily, one-fift h of it is assigned t o Allah, and t o t he Messenger, and t o t he near relat ives (of t he Messenger), t he orphans, t he poor, and t he wayfarer, if you have believed in Allah and in t hat which We sent down t o Our servant on t he Day of Crit erion, t he Day when t he t wo forces met ; and Allah is able t o do all t hings.)

Ruling on the Spoils of War (Ghanimah and Fai ) Allah explains t he spoils of war in det ail, as He has specifically allowed it for t his honorable Ummah over all ot hers. We should ment ion t hat t he ` Ghanimah' refers t o war spoils capt ured from t he disbelievers, using armies and inst rument s of war. As for ` Fai', it refers t o t he propert y of t he disbelievers t hat t hey forfeit in ret urn for peace, what t hey leave behind when t hey die and have no one t o inherit from t hem, and t he Jizyah (t ribut e t ax) and Khiraj (propert y t ax). Allah said,

びヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ヨ⊥ カ ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ラ ｚ ほ∠プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ユ⊥わ∇ヨレ͡ ビ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱぴ (And know t hat what ever of war boot y t hat you may gain, verily, one-fift h of it is assigned t o Allah) indicat ing t hat t he one-fift h should be reserved and paid in full t o Muslim leaders whet her it was lit t le or subst ant ial, even a yarn and needle.

ぁモミ⊥ ヴｚプヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ｚユを⊥ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ モ ｚビ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇モヤ⊥∇ピΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚョ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ (And whosoever deceives (his companions over t he boot y), he shall bring fort h on t he Day of Resurrect ion t hat which he t ook (illegally). Then every person shall be paid in full what he has earned, and t hey shall not be dealt wit h unj ust ly.) 3:161 Allah's st at ement ,

びメ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ヤ͡ャヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ヨ⊥ カ ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ラ ｚ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (verily, one-fift h of it is assigned t o Allah, and t o t he Messenger, ) was explained by Ibn ` Abbas, as Ad-Dahhak report ed from him, "Whenever t he Messenger of Allah sent an army, he used t o divide t he war boot y t hey collect ed int o five shares, reserving one-fift h and divided it int o five shares.'' Then he recit ed;

ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ヨ⊥ カ ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ラ ｚ ほ∠プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ユ⊥わ∇ヨレ͡ ビ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱぴ びメ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ヤ͡ャヱ∠ (And know t hat what ever of war boot y t hat you may gain, verily, one-fift h of it is assigned t o Allah, and t o t he Messenger,) Ibn Abbas said, "Allah's st at ement ,

びヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ヨ⊥ カ ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ラ ｚ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (verily, one-fift h of it is assigned t o Allah) is inclusive of t he Messenger's share , j ust as t he following Ayah is inclusive of Allah owning what ever is on t he eart h also ,

びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャあぴ (To Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and on t he eart h) 2:284 .'' So He addressed t he share of Allah and t he share of His Messenger in t he same st at ement . Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Al-Hasan bin Muhammad bin Al-Hanifiyyah, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Ash-Sha` bi, ` At a' bin Abi Rabah, ` Abdullah bin Buraydah, Qat adah, Mughirah and several ot hers, all said t hat t he share designat ed for Allah and t he Messenger is one and t he same. Support ing t his is what Imam Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bayhaqi recorded, wit h a Sahih chain of narrat ors, t hat ` Abdullah bin Shaqiq said t hat a man from Bilqin said, "I came t o t he Prophet when he was in

Wadi Al-Qura inspect ing a horse. I asked, ` O Allah's Messenger! What about t he Ghanimah' He said,

«ズ∇Βイ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠ヰシ ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇カぺ∠ る⊥ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰジ ⊥ ヨ⊥ カ ⊥ ぶ ͡ » (Allah's share is one fift h and four-fift hs are for t he army.) I asked, ` None of t hem has more right t o it t han anyone else' He said,

ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ マ ∠ ら͡ ∇レィ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ィ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ユ⊥ ∇ヰｚジャや ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ャ» «ユ͡ヤ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ Β͡カぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ペ ｚェ ∠ ぺ∠ (No. Even if you remove an arrow t hat pierced your flank, you have no more right t o it t han your Muslim brot her.)'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Al-Miqdam bin Ma` dikarib Al-Kindi sat wit h ` Ubadah bin As-Samit , Abu Ad-Darda' and Al-Harit h bin Mu` awiyah Al-Kindi, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem, reminding each ot her of t he st at ement s of t he Messenger of Allah . Abu Ad-Darda' said t o ` Ubadah, "O ` Ubadah! What about t he words of t he Messenger of Allah during such and such bat t le, about t he fift h (of t he war boot y)'' ` Ubadah said, "The Messenger of Allah led t hem in prayer, facing a camel from t he war boot y. When he finished t he prayer, he st ood up, held pelt of a camel bet ween his fingers and said,

ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヶ͡ャ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヨ͡ も͡ ゅ∠レビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ∀キヱ⊥キ∇ゲ∠ョ ザ ⊥ ヨ⊥ ガ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥ザヨ⊥ ガ ⊥ ∇ャや ゅｚャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヶ͡らΒ͡ダル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇リョ͡ ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠テΒ͡ガヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ テ ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや やヱぁキほ∠プ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ケゅ∠ハ∠ヱ ∀ケゅ∠ル メ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤピ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ やヲぁヤピ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠ゲピ∠ ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヶ͡プ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや やヱ⊥ギワ͡ ゅ∠ィヱ∠ ∩͡りゲ∠ カ ͡ べ∇ャや∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∩∃ユも͡ ゅ∠ャ る∠ ョ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヶ͡プ やヲ⊥ャゅ∠らゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠ギΒ͡バら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ Α͡ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ぶ ͡ や やヱ⊥ギワ͡ ゅ∠ィヱ∠ ∩͡ゲ∠ヘジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ツ ∠ エ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ぶ ͡ や キ∠ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホ∠ぺ∠ヱ

る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀ゆゅ∠よ キ∠ ゅ∠ヰイ ͡ ∇ャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩͡ぶや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ «ユ∠ピ∇ャや∠ヱ ユあ ヰ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ͡ よ͡ ヶ͡イ∇レΑ⊥ ∩∀ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ (This is also a part of t he war boot y you earned. Verily, I have no share in it , except my own share, t he fift h designat ed t o me. Even t hat fift h will be given t o you (indicat ing t he Prophet 's generosit y). Therefore, surrender even t he needle and t he t hread, and what ever is bigger or smaller t han t hat (from t he war spoils). Do not cheat wit h any of it , for st ealing from t he war boot y before it s dist ribut ion is Fire and a shame on it s people in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Perform Jihad against t he people in Allah's cause, whet her t hey are near or far, and do not fear t he blame of t he blamers, as long as you are in Allah's cause. Est ablish Allah's rules while in your area and while t raveling. Perform Jihad in Allah's cause, for Jihad is a t remendous door leading t o Paradise. Through it , Allah saves (one) from sadness and grief.)'' This is a t remendous Hadit h, but I did not find it in any of t he six collect ions of Hadit h t hrough t his chain of narrat ion. However, Imam Ahmad, Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i recorded a Hadit h from ` Amr bin Shu` ayb, from his fat her, from his grandfat her ` Abdullah bin ` Amr, from t he Messenger of Allah , and t his narrat ion is similar t o t he one above, and a version from ` Amr bin ` Anbasah was recorded by Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i. The Prophet used t o choose some t ypes of t he war boot y for himself; a servant , a horse, or a sword, according t o t he report s from Muhammad bin Sirin, ` Amir Ash-Sha` bi and many scholars. For inst ance, Imam Ahmad and At Tirmidhi -- who graded it Hasan -- recorded from Ibn ` Abbas t hat t he Messenger of Allah chose a sword called ` Dhul-Fiqar' on t he day of Badr. ` A'ishah narrat ed t hat Safiyyah was among t he capt ured women, and t he Prophet chose and married her (upon his own choice and before dist ribut ion of war boot y), as Abu Dawud narrat ed in t he Sunan. As for t he share of t he Prophet 's relat ives, it is paid t o Bani Hashim and Bani Al-Mut t alib, because t he children of AlMut t alib support ed Bani Hashim in Jahiliyyah aft er Islam. They also went t o t he mount ain pass of Abu Talib in support of t he Messenger of Allah and t o prot ect him (when t he Quraysh boycot t ed Muslims for t hree years). Those who were Muslims (from Bani Al-Mut t alib) did all t his in obedience t o Allah and His Messenger , while t he disbelievers among t hem did so in support of t heir t ribe and in obedience t o Abu Talib, t he Messenger's uncle. Allah said next ,

びヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (t he orphans), in reference t o Muslim orphans,

びモ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ͡ ∇よや∠ヱぴ (and t he wayfarer), t he t raveler and t hose who int end t o t ravel for a dist ance during which short ening t he prayer is legislat ed, but do not have resources t o spend from. We will explain t his subj ect in Surah Bara'h 9:60 , Allah willing, and our reliance and t rust is in Him alone. Allah said,

びゅ∠ル͡ギ∇ら∠ハ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ユ⊥わ∇レョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まぴ (If you have believed in Allah and in t hat which We sent down t o Our servant ) Allah says, ` Adhere t o what We legislat ed for you, such as t he ruling about one-fift h of t he war spoils, if you t ruly believe in Allah, t he Last Day and what We have revealed t o Our Messenger .' In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas said, - while narrat ing t he lengt hy Hadit h about t he delegat ion of Bani Abdul Qays - t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t o t hem, s

∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ へ .ノ∃ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∃ノよ∠ ∇ケほ∠よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ へヱ» ラ ⊥ ゅ⇒⇒∠ヨΑ͡み∇ャや ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケ∇ギゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ｚユを⊥ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡み∇ャゅ͡よ や⇔ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ぶや ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅｚャ ラ∠ぺ り⊥ ∠キゅ⇒⇒⇒⇒∠ヰ∠セ ∨͡ぶゅ͡よ ラぺ∠ヱ ∩͡りゅ∠ミゴｚ ャや ￢⊥ ゅ∠わΑ͡まヱ∠ り͡ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ュ⊥ ゅ∠ホま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ «ユ∠レ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ザ ∠ ヨ⊥ ガ ⊥ ∇ャや やヱぁキぽ∠ ゎ⊥ I command you wit h four and forbid four from you. I command you t o believe in Allah. Do you know what it means t o believe in Allah Test ifying t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah and t hat Muhammad is t he Messenger of Allah, est ablishing t he prayer, giving Zakah and honest ly surrendering one-fift h of t he war spoils.) Therefore, t he Messenger list ed surrendering one-fift h of t he war boot y as part of fait h. This is why Al-Bukhari wrot e a chapt er in his Sahih ent it led, "Chapt er: Paying t he Khumus (one-fift h) is Part of Fait h.'' He t hen narrat ed t he above Hadit h from Ibn ` Abbas. Allah said next ,

あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ラ ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ボわ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ホ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ (on t he Day of Crit erion, t he Day when t he t wo forces met ; and Allah is Able t o do all t hings.) Allah is making His favors and compassion t owards His creat ion known, when He dist inguished bet ween t rut h and falsehood in t he bat t le of Badr. That day was called, ` Al-Furqan', because Allah raised t he word of fait h above t he word of falsehood, He made His religion apparent and support ed His Prophet and his group. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah and Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Badr is YawmAl-Furqan; during it , Allah separat ed bet ween t rut h and falsehood.'' AlHakim collect ed t his st at ement . Similar st at ement s were report ed from Muj ahid, Miqsam, ` Ubaydullah bin ` Abdullah, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah, Muqat il bin Hayyan and several ot hers.

ン∠ヲ∇ダボ⊥ ∇ャや り͡ ヱ∠ ∇ギバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ワヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヱ∠ ∇ギバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥わル∠ぺ ∇クま͡ぴ ヶ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カΙ ∠ ∇ユゎぁ ギ∠ハや∠ヲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ モ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ょ ⊥ ∇ミゲｚ ャや∠ヱ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥バ∇ヘョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヶ ∠ツ ͡ ∇ボΒ∠ ャあ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ギ͡ ⇒∠バΒ͡ヨ∇ャや リ∠ハ ヴ ｚェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヴ∠Β∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ リ∠ハ マ ∠ ヤ∠ワ∠ ∇リョ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰΒ∠ ャあ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ノ∀ Β͡ヨジ ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ る∃ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ (42. (And remember) when you (t he Muslim army) were on t he near side of t he valley, and t hey on t he fart her side, and t he caravan on t he ground lower t han you. Even if you had made a mut ual appoint ment t o meet , you would cert ainly have failed in t he appoint ment , but (you met ) t hat Allah might accomplish a mat t er already ordained (in His knowledge), so t hat t hose who were t o be dest royed (for rej ect ing t he fait h) might be dest royed aft er a clear evidence, and t hose who were t o live (believers) might live aft er a clear evidence. And surely, Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower.)

Some Details of the Battle of Badr Allah describes Yawm Al-Furqan, (i.e. t he day of Badr),

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヱ∠ ∇ギバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥わル∠ぺ ∇クま͡ぴ ((And remember) when you (t he Muslim army) were on t he near side of t he valley,) camping in t he closest ent rance of t he valley t owards Al-Madinah,

び∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey), t he idolat ors, who were camped,

びン∠ヲ∇ダボ⊥ ∇ャや り͡ ヱ∠ ∇ギバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よぴ (on t he fart her side), from Al-Madinah, t owards Makkah.

びょ ⊥ ∇ミゲｚ ャや∠ヱぴ

(and t he caravan), t hat was under t he command of Abu Sufyan, wit h t he wealt h t hat it cont ained,

び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ モ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇シぺ∠ぴ (on t he ground lower t han you), closer t o t he sea,

び∇ユゎぁ ギ∠ハや∠ヲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (even if you had made a mut ual appoint ment t o meet ,) you and t he idolat ors,

びギ͡ ⇒∠バΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カΙ ∠ぴ (you would cert ainly have failed in t he appoint ment ) Muhammad bin Ishaq said, "Yahya bin ` Abbad bin ` Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr narrat ed t o me from his fat her about t his Ayah "Had t here been an appoint ed meet ing set bet ween you and t hem and you came t o know of t heir superior numbers and your few forces, you would not have met t hem,

びΙ ⇔ ヲ⊥バ∇ヘョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヶ ∠ツ ͡ ∇ボΒ∠ ャあ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but (you met ) t hat Allah might accomplish a mat t er already ordained,) Allah had decreed t hat He would bring glory t o Islam and it s people, while disgracing Shirk and it s people. You t he companions had no knowledge t his would happen, but it was out of Allah's compassion t hat He did t hat .'' In a Hadit h, Ka` b bin Malik said, "The Messenger of Allah and t he Muslims marched t o int ercept t he Quraysh caravan, but Allah made t hem meet t heir (armed) enemy wit hout appoint ment .'' Muhammad bin Ishaq said t hat Yazid bin Ruwman narrat ed t o him t hat ` Urwah bin Az-Zubayr said, "Upon approaching Badr, t he Messenger of Allah sent ` Ali bin Abi Talib, Sa` d bin Abi Waqqas, Az-Zubayr bin Al-` Awwam and several ot her Companions t o spy t he pagans. They capt ured t wo boys, a servant of Bani Sa` id bin Al-` As and a servant of Bani AlHaj j aj , while t hey were bringing wat er for Quraysh. So t hey brought t hem t o t he Messenger of Allah , but found him praying. The Companions st art ed int errogat ing t he boys, asking t hem t o whom t hey belonged. Bot h of t hem said t hat t hey were employees bringing wat er for Quraysh (army). The Componions were upset wit h t hat answer, since t hey t hought t hat t he boys belonged t o Abu Sufyan (who was commanding t he caravan). So t hey beat t he t wo boys vehement ly, who said finally t hat t hey belonged t o Abu Sufyan. Thereupon companions left t hem alone. When t he Prophet ended t he prayer, he said,

∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠よグｚ ミ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇よゲ∠ ッ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ホギｚ タ ∠ や∠クま∠» ヶ͡ルや∠ゲら͡ ∇カぺ∠ ∩ ズ ∃ ∇Αゲ∠ ボ⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ ゅ∠ホギ∠ タ ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ミ∠ゲ∠ゎ «ズ∇Αゲ∠ ホ⊥ ∇リハ ∠ (When t hey t ell you t he t rut h you beat t hem, but when t hey lie you let t hem go They have said t he t rut h, by Allah! They belong t o t he Quraysh. (addressing t o t he boys He said:) Tell me t he news about Quraysh.) The t wo boys said, ` They are behind t his hill t hat you see, on t he far side of t he valley.' The Messenger of Allah asked,

«∨⊥ュ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ユ͡ ミ∠ » (How many are t hey) They said, ` They are many.' He asked,

«∨∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ギｚ ハ ⊥ ゅ∠ョ» (How many) They said, ` We do not know t he precise number.' He asked,

«∨∃ュ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲエ ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ユミ∠ » (How many camels do t hey slaught er every day) They said, ` Nine or t en a day.' The Messenger of Allah said,

«ブ∇ャほ∠∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ る͡ も∠ ゅ͡ヨバ∇ジわあ ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ュ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや» (They are bet ween nine-hundred and a t housand.) He asked again,

«∨∃ズ∇Αゲ∠ ホ⊥ フ ͡ や∠ゲ∇セぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ » (Which chiefs of Quraysh are accompanying t he army) They said, ` Ut bah bin Rabi` ah, Shaybah bin Rabi` ah, Abu Al-Bakht ari bin Hisham, Hakim bin Hizam, Nawfal bin Khuwaylid, Al-Harit h bin ` Amir bin Nawfal, Tu` aymah bin Adi bin Nawfal, An-Nadr bin Al-Harit h, Zam` ah bin Al-Aswad,

Abu Jahl bin Hisham, Umayyah bin Khalaf, Nabih and Munabbih sons of Al-Haj j aj , Suhayl bin ` Amr and ` Amr bin ` Abd Wadd.' The Messenger of Allah said t o t he people,

«ゅ∠ワギ͡ ら͡ ミ∠ ク∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ろボ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ る⊥ ｚムョ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ » (This is Makkah! She has brought you her most precious sons (it s chiefs)!)'' Allah said,

リ∠ハ ヴ ｚェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヴ∠Β∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ リ∠ハ マ ∠ ヤ∠ワ∠ ∇リョ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰΒ∠ ャあぴ びる∃ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ (So t hat t hose who were t o be dest royed might be dest royed aft er a clear evidence.) 8:42 Muhammad bin Ishaq comment ed, "So t hat t hose who disbelieve do so aft er wit nessing clear evidence, proof and lessons, and t hose who believe do so aft er wit nessing t he same.'' This is a sound explanat ion. Allah says, He made you meet your enemy in one area wit hout appoint ment , so t hat He gives you vict ory over t hem.' This way, ` He will raise t he word of t rut h above falsehood, so t hat t he mat t er is made clear, t he proof unequivocal and t he evidence plain. Then t here will be no more plea or doubt for anyone. Then, t hose dest ined t o dest ruct ion by persist ing in disbelief do so wit h evidence, aware t hat t hey are misguided and t hat proof has been est ablished against t hem,

びヴ ｚェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヴ∠Β∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hose who were t o live might live), t hose who wish t o believe do so,

びる∃ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ リ∠ハぴ (aft er a clear evidence), and proof. Verily, fait h is t he life of t he heart , as Allah said,

ヶ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ΒΒ∠ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔わ∇Βョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びリ∠ヨミ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ よ͡ (Is he who was dead (wit hout fait h by ignorance and disbelief) and We gave him life (by knowledge and fait h) and set for him a light (of belief) whereby he can walk among men ...) 6:122 . Allah said next ,

び∀ノΒ͡ヨジ ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And surely, Allah is All-Hearer), of your invocat ion, humilit y and request s for His help,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハぴ (All-Knower) meaning; about you, and you deserve vict ory over your rebellious, disbelieving enemies.

∇ユヰ⊥ ミ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ マ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レョ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ム∠ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ∇クま͡ぴ ユ∠ ヤｚシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ハゴ∠ ⇒∠レわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤゼ ͡ ヘ∠ ャｚ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ク͡ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨム⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ - ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥あヤボ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βボ∠ わ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥バ∇ヘョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ∇ボΒ∠ ャ͡ び ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ョΕ ⊥や (43. (And remember) when Allah showed t hem t o you as few in your dream; if He had shown t hem t o you as many, you would surely have been discouraged, and you would surely have disput ed in making a decision. But Allah saved (you). Cert ainly, He is t he All-Knower of t hat is in t he breast s.) (44. And (remember) when you met , He showed t hem t o you as few in your eyes and He made you appear as few in t heir eyes, so t hat Allah might accomplish a mat t er already ordained, and t o Allah ret urn all mat t ers (for decision).)

Allah made each Group look few in the Eye of the Other Muj ahid said, "In a dream, Allah showed t he Prophet t he enemy as few. The Prophet conveyed t his news t o his Companions and t heir resolve st rengt hened.'' Similar was said by Ibn Ishaq and several ot hers. Allah said,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤゼ ͡ ヘ∠ ャｚ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ミ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (If He had shown t hem t o you as many, you would surely, have been discouraged,) you would have cowardly abst ained from meet ing t hem and fell in disput e among yourselves,

びユ∠ ヤｚシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (But Allah saved), from all t his, when He made you see t hem as few,

びケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Cert ainly, He is t he All-Knower of t hat is in t he breast s.) 8:43 . Allah knows what t he heart and t he inner-self conceal,

び ケ⊥ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ リ ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハΙ ｘ や る∠ レ∠ も͡ べ∠カ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ぴ (Allah knows t he fraud of t he eyes, and all t hat t he breast s conceal) 40:19 . Allah's st at ement ,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βボ∠ わ∠ ∇ャや ク͡ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨム⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And (remember) when you met , He showed t hem t o you as few in your eyes) demonst rat es Allah's compassion t owards t he believers. Allah made t hem see few disbelievers in t heir eyes, so t hat t hey would be encouraged and feel eager t o meet t hem. Abu Ishaq As-Subai` i said, t hat Abu ` Ubaydah said t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "They were made t o seem few in our eyes during Badr, so t hat I said t o a man who was next t o me, ` Do you t hink t hey are sevent y' He said, ` Rat her, t hey are a hundred.' However, when we capt ured one of t hem, we asked him and he said, ` We were a t housand.''' Ibn Abi Hat im and Ibn Jarir recorded it . Allah said next ,

び∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥あヤボ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He made you appear as few in t heir eyes,) Allah said,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βボ∠ わ∠ ∇ャや ク͡ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨム⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And (remember) when you met . He showed t hem t o you...), He encouraged each of t he t wo groups against t he ot her, according t o ` Ikrimah, as recorded by Ibn Abi Hat im. This st at ement has a Sahih chain of narrat ors. Muhammad bin Ishaq said t hat Yahya bin ` Abbad bin ` Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr narrat ed t o him t hat his fat her said about Allah's st at ement ,

びΙ ⇔ ヲ⊥バ∇ヘョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヶ ∠ツ ͡ ∇ボΒ∠ ャあぴ

(so t hat Allah might accomplish a mat t er already ordained, ) "In order for t he war t o st art bet ween t hem, so t hat He would have revenge against t hose whom He decided t o have revenge (pagans), and grant and complet e His favor upon t hose He decided t o grant favor t o, His support ers.'' The meaning of t his, is t hat Allah encouraged each group against t he ot her and made t hem look few in each ot her's eyes, so t hat t hey were eager t o meet t hem. This occurred before t he bat t le st art ed, but when it st art ed and Allah support ed t he believers wit h a t housand angels in succession, t he disbelieving group saw t he believers double t heir number. Allah said,

ヴ͡プ モ ⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ る∀ ゃ∠ プ͡ ゅ∠わボ∠ わ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ゃ∠ プ͡ ヶ͡プ ∀る∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ ン ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠∇んョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ り∀ ゲ∠ プ͡ ゅ∠ミ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダレ∠ よ͡ ギ⊥ あΑぽ∠ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ リ ͡ ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャや び ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱΙ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇らバ͡ ャ∠ (There has already been a sign for you (O Jews) in t he t wo armies t hat met (in combat , t he bat t le of Badr). One was fight ing in t he cause of Allah, and as for t he ot her, (t hey) were disbelievers. They (disbelievers) saw t hem (believers) wit h t heir own eyes t wice t heir number. And Allah support s wit h His aid whom He wills. Verily, in t his is a lesson for t hose who underst and.) 3:13 This is how we combine t hese t wo Ayat , and cert ainly, each one of t hem is t rue, all t he t hanks are due t o Allah and all t he favors are from Him.

∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥わら⊥ ∇をゅ∠プ る⇔ ゃ∠ プ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒデ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚ∠バャｚ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇タや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ エ ⊥ Α͡ケ ょ ∠ ワ∠ ∇グゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤゼ ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハゴ∠ ⇒∠レゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ (45. O you who believe! When you meet (an enemy) force, t ake a firm st and against t hem and remember Allah much, so t hat you may be successful.) (46. And obey Allah and His Messenger, and do not disput e (wit h one anot her) lest you lose courage and your st rengt h depart s, and be pat ient . Surely, Allah is wit h t he pat ient s.)

Manners of War

Allah inst ruct s His fait hful servant s in t he manners of fight ing and met hods of courage when meet ing t he enemy in bat t le,

び∇やヲ⊥わら⊥ ∇をゅ∠プ る⇔ ゃ∠ プ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ (O you who believe! When you meet (an enemy) force, t ake a firm st and against t hem) In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Abi Awfa said t hat during one bat t le, Allah's Messenger wait ed unt il t he sun declined, t hen st ood among t he people and said,

ぶ ∠ や やヲ⊥ャ∠ほ∇シやヱ ∩あヱギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ ゅ∠ボャ͡ や∇ヲレｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ゅ∠Α» ラ ｚ ぺ∠ やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠ やク∠ み͡プ∠ る∠ Β∠ プ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ャや «フヲ⊥Βジ ぁ ャや メ ͡ ゅ∠ヤニ ͡ ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや (O people! Do not wish t o face t he enemy (in a bat t le) and ask Allah t o save you (from calamit ies). But if you should face t he enemy, t hen be pat ient and let it be known t o you t hat Paradise is under t he shadows of t he swords.) He t hen st ood and said,

ュ∠ コ͡ ゅ∠ワヱ∠ ∩͡ゆゅ∠エジ ｚ ャや ヵ͡ゲ∇イョ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡ゆゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴ͡ ∇レョ⊥ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» «ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲダ ⊥ ∇ルや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ョゴ͡ ∇ワや ∩͡ゆや∠ゴ∇ェほ∠∇ャや (O Allah! Revealer of t he (Holy) Book, Mover of t he clouds, and Defeat er of t he Confederat es, defeat t hem and grant us vict ory over t hem.)

The Command for Endurance when the Enemy Engaging Allah commands endurance upon meet ing t he enemy in bat t le and ordains pat ience while fight ing t hem. Muslims are not allowed t o run or shy away, or show cowardice in bat t le. They are commanded t o remember Allah while in t hat condit ion and never neglect His remembrance. They should rat her invoke Him for support , t rust in Him and seek vict ory over t heir enemies from Him. They are required t o obey Allah and His Messenger in such circumst ances adhering t o what He commanded t hem, and abst aining from what He forbade t hem. They are required t o avoid disput ing wit h each ot her, for t his might lead t o t heir defeat and failure,

び∇ユム⊥ エ ⊥ Α͡ケ ょ ∠ ワ∠ ∇グゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(lest your st rengt h depart s), so t hat your st rengt h, endurance and courage do not depart from you,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇タや∠ヱぴ (and be pat ient . Surely, Allah is wit h t he pat ient s.) In t heir courage, and obedience t o Allah and His Messenger, t he Companions reached a level never seen before by any nat ion or generat ion before t hem, or any nat ion t hat will ever come. Through t he blessing of t he Messenger and t heir obedience t o what he commanded, t he Companions were able t o open t he heart s, as well as, t he various east ern and west ern part s of t he world in a rat her short t ime. This occurred even t hough t hey were few, compared t o t he armies of t he various nat ions at t hat t ime. For example, t he Romans, Persians, Turks, Slavs, Berbers, Et hiopians, Sudanese t ribes, t he Copt s and t he rest of t he Children of Adam. They defeat ed all of t hese nat ions, unt il Allah's Word became t he highest and His religion became dominant above all religions. The Islamic st at e spread over t he east ern and west ern part s of t he world in less t han t hirt y years. May Allah grant t hem His pleasure, as well as, be pleased wit h t hem all, and may He gat her us among t hem, for He is t he Most Generous, and Giving.

や⇔ゲ∠トよ∠ ユ͡ワゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ∠ カ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ￢∠ べ∠もケ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Αｚ コ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ - ∀テΒ͡エョ⊥ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∀ケゅ∠ィ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ょ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ビ Ι ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βら∠ ボ͡ ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゾ ∠ ム∠ ル∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わゃ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ャや れ ͡ ￢∠ へ∠ゲゎ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ヶあルま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ン∠ケぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ヶあルま͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇クま͡ - ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ゲｚ ビ ∠ ∀チ∠ゲョｚ ユ͡ヰ͡よヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヶ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ Α͡キ び (47. And be not like t hose who come out of t heir homes boast fully and t o be seen of men, and hinder (men) from t he pat h of Allah; and Allah is Muhit (eneompassing and t horoughly comprehending) all t hat t hey do.) (48. And (remember) when Shayt an made t heir (evil) deeds

seem fair t o t hem and said, "No one of mankind can overcome you t his day (of t he bat t le of Badr) and verily, I am your neighbor (for each and every help).'' But when t he t wo forces came in sight of each ot her, he ran away and said "Verily, I have not hing t o do wit h you. Verily, I see what you see not . Verily, I fear Allah for Allah is severe in punishment .'') (49. When t he hypocrit es and t hose in whose heart s was a disease (of disbelief) said: "These people (Muslims) are deceived by t heir religion.'' But whoever put s his t rust in Allah, t hen surely, Allah is AllMight y, All-Wise.)

The Idolators leave Makkah, heading for Badr Aft er Allah commanded t he believers t o fight in His cause sincerely and t o be mindful of Him, He commanded not t o imit at e t he idolat ors, who went out of t heir homes

びや⇔ゲ∠トよ∠ ぴ (boast fully) t o suppress t he t rut h,

びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや ￢∠ べ∠もケ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t o be seen of men), boast ing arrogant ly wit h people. When Abu Jahl was t old t hat t he caravan escaped safely, so t hey should ret urn t o Makkah, he comment ed, "No, by Allah! We will not go back unt il we proceed t o t he well of Badr, slaught er camels, drink alcohol and female singers sing t o us. This way, t he Arabs will always t alk about our st ance and what we did on t hat day.'' However, all of t his came back t o haunt Abu Jahl, because when t hey proceeded t o t he well of Badr, t hey brought t hemselves t o deat h; and in t he aft ermat h of Badr, t hey were t hrown in t he well of Badr, dead, disgraced, humiliat ed, despised and miserable in an everlast ing, et ernal t orment . This is why Allah said here,

び∀テΒ͡エョ⊥ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (and Allah is Muhit (encompassing and t horoughly comprehending) all t hat t hey do.) He knows how and what t hey came for, and t his is why He made t hem t ast e t he worst punishment . Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak and As-Suddi comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

や⇔ゲ∠トよ∠ ユ͡ワゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ∠ カ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや ￢∠ べ∠もケ͡ ヱ∠ (And be not like t hose who come out of t heir homes boast fully and t o be seen of men,) "They were t he idolat ors who fought against t he Messenger of Allah at Badr.'' Muhammad bin Ka` b said, "When t he Quraysh left Makkah t owards Badr, t hey brought female singers and drums along. Allah revealed t his verse,

や⇔ゲ∠トよ∠ ユ͡ワゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ∠ カ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ￢∠ べ∠もケ͡ ヱ∠ び ∀テΒ͡エョ⊥ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α (And be not like t hose who come out of t heir homes boast fully and t o be seen of men, and hinder (men) from t he pat h of Allah; and Allah is Muhit (encompassing and t horoughly comprehending) all t hat t hey do.)

Shaytan makes Evil seem fair and deceives the Idolators Allah said next ,

ょ ∠ ャ͡ゅビ ∠ Ι ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Αｚ コ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ケゅ∠ィ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ (And (remember) when Shayt an made t heir (evil) deeds seem fair t o t hem and said, "No one of mankind can overcome you t oday and verily, I am your neighbor.'') Shayt an, may Allah curse him, made t he idolat ors' purpose for marching seem fair t o t hem. He made t hem t hink t hat no ot her people could defeat t hem t hat day. He also ruled out t he possibilit y t hat t heir enemies, t he t ribe of Bani Bakr, would at t ack Makkah, saying, "I am your neighbor.'' Shayt an appeared t o t hem in t he shape of Suraqah bin Malik bin Ju` shum, t he chief of Bani Mudlij , so t hat , as Allah described t hem,

や⇔ケヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Βあレヨ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ぴ び (He Shayt an makes promises t o t hem, and arouses in t hem false desires; and Shayt an's promises are not hing but decept ions) 4:120 . Ibn Jurayj said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t his Ayah, (8:48) "On t he day of Badr, Shayt an, as well as, his flag holder and soldiers, accompanied t he idolat ors. He whispered t o t he heart s of t he idolat ors, ` None can defeat you t oday! I am your neighbor.' When t hey met t he Muslims and Shayt an wit nessed t he angels coming t o t heir aid,

びヮ͡ ∇Βら∠ ボ͡ ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゾ ∠ ム∠ ル∠ ぴ

(he ran away), he went away in flight while proclaiming,

びラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ン∠ケぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ぴ (Verily, I see what you see not .)'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said, t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about t his Ayah,

び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ケゅ∠ィ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ょ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ビ Ι ∠ぴ ("No one of mankind can overcome you t oday and verily, I am your neighbor') "Shayt an, as well as, his devil army and flag holders, came on t he day of Badr in t he shape of a Suraqah bin Malik bin Ju` shum, man from Bani Mudlij , Shayt an said t o idolat ors, ` None will defeat you t his day, and I will help you.' When t he t wo armies st ood face t o face, t he Messenger of Allah t ook a handful of sand and t hrew it at t he faces of t he idolat ors, causing t hem t o ret reat . Jibril, peace be upon him, came t owards Shayt an, but when Shayt an, while holding t he hand of a Mushrik man, saw him, he wit hdrew his hand and ran away wit h his soldiers. That man asked him, ` O Suraqah! You claimed t hat you are our neighbor' He said,

ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ン∠ケぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ぴ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ (Verily, I see what you see not . Verily, I fear Allah for Allah is severe in punishment ) Shayt an said t his when he saw t he angels.''

The Position of the Hypocrites in Badr Allah said next ,

∀チ∠ゲョｚ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヶ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ Α͡キ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ゲｚ ビ ∠ (When t he hypocrit es and t hose in whose heart s was a disease (of disbelief) said: "These people (Muslims) are deceived by t heir religion.'') ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "When t he t wo armies drew closer t o each ot her, Allah made t he Muslims look few in t he eyes of t he idolat ors and t he idolat ors look few in t he eyes of t he Muslims. The idolat ors said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ Α͡キ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ゲｚ ビ ∠ぴ (These people (Muslims) are deceived by t heir religion.) because t hey t hought t hat Muslims were so few. They believed, wit hout doubt , t hat t hey would defeat t he Muslims. Allah said,

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (But whoever put s his t rust in Allah, t hen surely, Allah is All-Might y, All-Wise.) Qat adah comment ed, "They saw a group of believers who came in defense of Allah's religion. We were informed t hat when he saw Muhammad and his Companions, Abu Jahl said, ` By Allah! Aft er t his day, t hey will never worship Allah!' He said t his in viciousness and t ransgression.'' ` Amir AshSha` bi said, "Some people from Makkah were considering embracing Islam, but when t hey went wit h t he idolat ors t o Badr and saw how few t he Muslims were, t hey said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ Α͡キ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ゲｚ ビ ∠ぴ (These people (Muslims) are deceived by t heir religion.) Allah said next ,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (But whoever put s his t rust in Allah), and relies on His grace,

び∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (t hen surely, Allah is All-Might y), and verily, t hose who t ake His side in t he disput e are never overwhelmed, for His side is might y, powerful and His aut horit y is All-Great ,

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ぴ (All-Wise) in all His act ions, for He places everyt hing in it s right ful place, giving vict ory t o t hose who deserve it and defeat t o t hose who deserve it .

る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇クま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥クヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠

ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ペ ͡ Α͡ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや び ͡ギΒ͡ら∠バ∇ヤャあ ユ∃ ⇒ｚヤヌ ∠ よ͡ (50. And if you could see when t he angels t ake away t he souls of t hose who disbelieve (at deat h); t hey smit e t heir faces and t heir backs, (saying): "Tast e t he punishment of t he blazing Fire. '') (51. "This is because of t hat which your hands forwarded. And verily, Allah is not unj ust t o His servant s.'')

The Angels smite the Disbelievers upon capturing Their Souls Allah says, if you wit nessed t he angels capt uring t he souls of t he disbelievers, you would wit ness a t remendous, t errible, moment ous and awful mat t er,

び∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∠ラヲ⊥よ͡ゲ∇ツ∠Αぴ (t hey smit e t heir faces and t heir backs), saying t o t hem,

びペ ͡ Α͡ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥クヱ∠ ぴ ("Tast e t he punishment of t he blazing Fire.'') Ibn Jurayj said t hat Muj ahid said t hat ,

び∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and t heir backs), refers t o t heir back sides, as happened on t he day of Badr. Ibn Jurayj also report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, "When t he idolat ors faced t he Muslims in Badr , t he Muslims smot e t heir faces wit h swords. When t hey gave flight , t he angels smot e t heir rear ends.'' Alt hough t hese Ayat are describing Badr, t hey are general in t he case of every disbeliever. This is why Allah did not make His st at ement here rest rict ive t o t he disbelievers at Badr,

る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇クま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ (And if you could see when t he angels t ake away t he souls of t hose who disbelieve (at deat h); t hey smit e t heir faces and t heir backs,)

In Surat Al-Qit al (or Muhammad chapt er 47) t here is a similar Ayah, as well as in Surat AlAn` am,

れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや れ ͡ や∠ゲヨ∠ ビ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ク͡ ま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びユ⊥ ム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥トシ ͡ ゅ∠よ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (And if you could but see when t he wrongdoers are in t he agonies of deat h, while t he angels are st ret ching fort h t heir hands (saying): "Deliver your souls!'') 6:93 The angels st ret ch t heir hands and smit e t he disbelievers by Allah's command, since t heir souls refuse t o leave t heir bodies, so t hey are t aken out by force. This occurs when t he angels give t hem t he news of t orment and Allah's anger. There is a Hadit h narrat ed from Al-Bara' t hat when t he angel of deat h at t ends t he disbeliever at t he t ime of deat h, he comes t o him in a t errifying and disgust ing shape, saying, "Get out , O wicked soul, t o fierce hot wind, boiling wat er and a shadow of black smoke.'' The disbeliever's soul t hen scat t ers t hroughout his body, but t he angels ret rieve it , j ust as a needle is ret rieved from wet wool. In t his case, veins and nerve cells will be st ill at t ached t o t he soul. Allah st at es here t hat angels bring news of t he t orment of t he Fire t o t he disbelievers. Allah said next ,

び∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (This is because of t hat which your hands forwarded.) meaning, t his punishment is t he recompense of t he evil deeds t hat you have commit t ed in t he life of t he world. This is your reckoning from Allah for your deeds,

びギ͡ Β͡らバ∠ ∇ヤャあ ∃ユ⇒ｚヤ∠ヌ͡よ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ a(And verily, Allah is not unj ust t o His servant s.) Cert ainly, Allah does not wrong any of His creat ures, for He is t he Just , who never put s anyt hing in an inappropriat e place. Honored, Glorified, Exalt ed and Praised be He, t he AllRich, Wort hy of all praise. Muslim recorded t hat Abu Dharr said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said;

ろ ⊥ ∇ョｚゲェ ∠ ヶあルま͡ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま» ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ゅ⇔ョゲｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ∠ ∇ヤヌ ぁ ャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ダ∇ェぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅ∠Α ∩やヲ⊥ヨャ∠ゅ∠ヌゎ∠

ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ∠ や ギ͡ ヨ∠ ∇エΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ «ヮ∠ジ∇ヘル∠ ゅｚャま͡ リ ｚ ョ∠ ヲ⊥ヤΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ (Allah, t he Exalt ed, said, ` O My servant s! I have prohibit ed inj ust ice for Myself, and made it prohibit ed t o you bet ween each ot her. Therefore, do not commit inj ust ice against each ot her. O My servant s! It is your deeds t hat I am keeping count of, so whoever found somet hing good, let him praise Allah for it . Whoever found ot her t han t hat , has only himself t o blame.) This is why Allah said,

∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ͡ や∠￢ ゆ ͡ ∇ぺギ∠ ミ∠ ぴ ン ｘ ヲ͡ ホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ (52. Similar t o t he behavior of t he people of Fir` awn, and of t hose before t hem -- t hey rej ect ed t he Ayat of Allah, so Allah punished t hem for t heir sins. Verily, Allah is All-St rong, severe in punishment .) Allah says, ` The behavior of t hese rebellious disbelievers against what I sent you wit h, O Muhammad, is similar t o t he behavior of earlier disbelieving nat ions. So We behaved wit h t hem according t o Our Da'b, t hat is, Our behavior or cust om and way, as We did wit h t hem wit h what We oft en do and decide concerning t heir likes, t he denying people of Fir` awn and t he earlier nat ions who rej ect ed t he Messengers and disbelieved in Our Ayat ,'

び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (so Allah punished t hem for t heir sins.) Because of t heir sins, Allah dest royed t hem

びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ン ｘ ヲ͡ ホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is All-St rong, severe in punishment .) none can resist Him or escape His grasp.

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰヨ∠ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇バルあ や⇔ゲあΒピ∠ ョ⊥ マ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルほ∠よ͡ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒあ ピ∠ Α⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ͡ や∠￢ ゆ ͡ ∇ぺギ∠ ミ∠ メ ∠ や∠￢ べ∠レ∇ホゲ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αべよ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ∠ハ∇ゲプ͡ (53. That is so because Allah will never change a grace which He has best owed on a people unt il t hey change what is in t hemselves. And verily, Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower.) (54. Similar t o t he behavior of t he people of Fir` awn, and t hose before t hem. They belied t he Ayat of t heir Lord, so We dest royed t hem for t heir sins, and We drowned t he people of Fir` awn for t hey were all wrongdoers.) Allah affirms His perfect j ust ice and fairness in His decisions, for He decided t hat He will not change a bount y t hat He has grant ed someone, except on account of an evil t hat t hey commit t ed. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ほよ͡ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒあ ピ∠ Α⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ョ ゲ⊥ あΒピ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ キｚ ゲ∠ ョ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ヱ∠ びメ ∃ や∠ヱ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ (Verily, Allah will not change t he (good) condit ion of a people as long as t hey do not change t heir st at e (of goodness) t hemselves. But when Allah wills a people's punishment , t here can be no t urning it back, and t hey will find besides Him no prot ect or.) 13:11 Allah said next ,

びラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ͡ や∠￢ ゆ ͡ ∇ぺギ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Similar t o t he behavior of t he people of Fir` awn,) meaning, He punished Fir` awn and his kind, t hose who denied His Ayat . Allah dest royed t hem because of t heir sins, and t ook away t he favors t hat He grant ed t hem, such as gardens, springs, plant s, t reasures and pleasant dwellings, as well as all of t he delight s t hat t hey enj oyed. Allah did not wrong t hem, but it is t hey who wronged t hemselves.

Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゆ あ や∠ヱギｚ ャや ゲｚ セ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツボ⊥ レ∠Α ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ れ ｚ ∇ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ハ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ヘ∠ ボ∠ ∇んゎ∠ ゅｚョみ͡プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ り∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ あモミ⊥ ヶ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ヰハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グｚ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョｚ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ∇キゲあ ゼ ∠ プ∠ ゆ ͡ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ び (55. Verily, t he worst of living creat ures before Allah are t hose who disbelieve, -- so t hey shall not believe.) (56. They are t hose wit h whom you made a covenant , but t hey break t heir covenant every t ime and t hey do not have Taqwa.) (57. So if you gain t he mast ery over t hem in war, t hen disperse t hose who are behind t hem, so t hat t hey may learn a lesson.)

Striking Hard against Those Who disbelieve and break the Covenants Allah st at es here t hat t he worst moving creat ures on t he face of t he eart h are t hose who disbelieve, who do not embrace t he fait h, and break promises whenever t hey make a covenant , even when t hey vow t o keep t hem,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey do not have Taqwa) meaning t hey do not fear Allah regarding any of t he sins t hey commit .

びゆ ͡ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ヘ∠ ボ∠ ∇んゎ∠ ゅｚョみ͡プ∠ ぴ (So if you gain t he mast ery over t hem in war), if you defeat t hem and have vict ory over t hem in war,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョｚ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ∇キゲあ ゼ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t hen disperse t hose who are behind t hem,) by severely punishing t he capt ured people according t o Ibn ` Abbas, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Ad-Dahhak, As-Suddi, ` At a' Al-Khurasani and Ibn ` Uyaynah. This Ayah commands punishing t hem harshly and inflict ing casualt ies on t hem. This way, ot her enemies, Arabs and non-Arabs, will be afraid and t ake a lesson from t heir end,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グｚ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (so t hat t hey may learn a lesson. ) As-Suddi comment ed, "They might be careful not t o break t reat ies, so t hat t hey do not meet t he same end.''

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇グら͡ ルゅ∠プ る⇔ ル∠ ゅ∠Βカ ͡ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ｚ プ∠ ゅ∠ガゎ∠ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レゃ͡ ⇒∠ガャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ￢∃ へ∠ヲシ ∠ (58. If you fear t reachery from any people, t hrow back (t heir covenant ) t o t hem (so as t o be) on equal t erms. Cert ainly Allah likes not t he t reacherous.) make a heading, Allah says t o His Prophet ,

びュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ｚ プ∠ ゅ∠ガゎ∠ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (If you fear from any people), wit h whom you have a t reat y of peace,

びる⇔ ル∠ ゅ∠Βカ ͡ぴ (t reachery), and bet rayal of peace t reat ies and agreement s t hat you have conduct ed wit h t hem,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇グら͡ ルゅ∠プぴ (t hen t hrow back (t heir covenant ) t o t hem), meaning t heir t reat y of peace.

び￢∃ へ∠ヲシ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ぴ (on equal t erms), informing t hem t hat you are severing t he t reat y. This way, you will be on equal t erms, in t hat , you and t hey will be aware t hat a st at e of war exist s bet ween you and t hat t he bilat eral peace t reat y is null and void,

びリ ∠ Β͡レゃ͡ ⇒∠ガャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Cert ainly Allah likes not t he t reacherous. ) This even includes t reachery against t he disbelievers. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Salim bin ` Amir said, "Mu` awiyah was leading an army

in Roman lands, at a t ime t he bilat eral peace t reat y was valid. He want ed t o go closer t o t heir forces so t hat when t he t reat y of peace ended, he could invade t hem. An old man riding on his animal said, ` Allahu Akbar (Allah is t he Great ), Allahu Akbar! Be honest and st ay away from bet rayal.' The Messenger of Allah said,

り⇔ ギ∠ ∇ボハ ⊥ リ ｚ ヤｚエ ⊥ ∠Α ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∀ギ∇ヰ∠ハ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ » ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ グ∠ ら⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワギ⊥ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ヶ͡ツ∠ボ∇レ∠Α ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ∠ワギｚ ゼ ⊥ Α∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ «￢や∠ヲシ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (Whoever has a t reat y of peace wit h a people, t hen he should not unt ie any part of it or t ie it harder unt il t he t reat y reaches it s appoint ed t erm. Or, he should declare t he t reat y null and void so t hat t hey are bot h on equal t erms.) When Mu` awiyah was informed of t he Prophet 's st at ement , he ret reat ed. They found t hat man t o be ` Amr bin ` Anbasah, may Allah be pleased wit h him.'' This Hadit h was also collect ed by Abu Dawud At -Tayalisi, Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Hibban in his Sahih. At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.''

Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボら∠ シ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ り∃ ヲｚ ホ⊥ リあョ ユ⊥わ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱぁギハ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴイ ͡ ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ｚヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヱｚ ∇ギハ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らワ͡ ∇ゲゎ⊥ モ ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヅ ͡ ゅ∠よケあ リ͡ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚフヲ∠ Α⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ (59. And let not t hose who disbelieve t hink t hat t hey can out st rip (escape from t he punishment ). Verily, t hey will never be able t o save t hemselves (from Allah's punishment ).) (60. And make ready against t hem all you can of power, including st eeds of war t o t hreat en t he enemy of Allah and your enemy, and ot hers besides t hem, whom you may not know but whom Allah does know. And what ever you shall spend in t he cause of Allah shall be repaid unt o you, and you shall not be t reat ed unj ust ly.)

Making Preparations for War to strike Fear in the Hearts of the Enemies of Allah

Allah says t o His Prophet , in t his Ayah,

び∇やヲ⊥ボら∠ シ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (t hose who disbelieve t hink t hat t hey can out st rip), Do not t hink t hat such disbelievers have escaped Us or t hat We are unable t o grasp t hem. Rat her, t hey are under t he power of Our abilit y and in t he grasp of Our will; t hey will never escape Us.' Allah also said,

ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ボら͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ れ ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ∠ ジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ べ∠シ (Or t hink t hose who do evil deeds t hat t hey can out st rip Us (escape Our punishment ) Evil is t hat which t hey j udge!) 29:4 ,

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ∇バョ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ (Consider not t hat t he disbelievers can escape in t he land. Their abode shall be t he Fire, and worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion.) 24:57 , and,

∀ノ⇒わ∠ ョ∠ - ギ͡ ⇒∠ヤら͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ⊥ ヤぁボ∠ ゎ∠ ∠マルｚ ゲｚ ピ⊥ ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ び キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヨ͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ (Let not t he free disposal (and affluence) of t he disbelievers t hroughout t he land deceive you. A brief enj oyment ; t hen t heir ult imat e abode is Hell; and worst indeed is t hat place for rest .) 3:196-197 Allah commands Muslims t o prepare for war against disbelievers, as much as possible, according t o affordabilit y and availabilit y. Allah said,

びユ⊥わ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱぁギハ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And make ready against t hem all you can) what ever you can must er,

びモ ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヅ ͡ ゅ∠よケあ リ͡ョヱ∠ り∃ ヲｚ ホ⊥ リあョぴ

(of power, including st eeds of war). Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Uqbah bin ` Amir said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah saying, while st anding on t he Minbar;

びり∃ ヲｚ ホ⊥ リあョ ユ⊥わ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱぁギハ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And make ready against t hem all you can of power,)

«ヶ∇ョゲｚ ャや り∠ ヲｚ ボ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ヶ ⊥ ∇ョｚゲャや り∠ ヲｚ ボ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» (Verily, Power is shoot ing! Power is shoot ing.) Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h. Imam Malik recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "The Messenger of Allah said,

ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ∩∀ゲ∇わシ ͡ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ゲ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∩∀ゲ∇ィぺ∠ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ∩∃るを∠ ゅ∠ヤん∠ ャ͡ モ ⊥ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや» ゅ∠ヰ∠ト∠よ∠ケ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ゲ∠ プ∠ ∩∀ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ∩∀ケ∇コヱ͡ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∩∃るッ ∠ ∇ヱケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ァ ∃ ∇ゲョ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠デほ∠プ∠ ぶ ͡ やモ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ∩͡るッ ∠ ∇ヱゲｚ ャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ァ ͡ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡Β∠ デ ͡ ヶ͡プ ∇ろよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰヤ∠Β∠ デ ͡ ∇ろバ∠ ト ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ れ ∃ ゅ∠レジ ∠ェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヰを⊥ や∠ヱ∇ケぺ∠ヱ ゅ∠ワケ⊥ ゅ∠をへ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ リ ͡ ∇Βプ∠ ゲ∠ セ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔プゲ∠ セ ∠ ∇ろレｚ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ろよ∠ ゲ͡ ゼ ∠ プ∠ ゲ∃ ヰ∠ レ∠ よ͡ ∇れゲｚ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ れ ∃ ゅ∠レジ ∠ェ ∠ ヶ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ れ ∃ ゅ∠レジ ∠ェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ヶ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ヘヘぁ バ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Βレあ ピ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ト∠よ∠ケ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀ゲ∇ィぺ∠ モ ͡ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ャ͡ ヶ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ワケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゅ∠ホケ͡ ヶ͡プ ぶ ͡ やペ ｚェ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠

∩⇔￢や∠ヲル͡ ヱ∠ ￢⇔ ゅ∠Αケ͡ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ガプ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ト∠よ∠ケ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀ゲ∇わシ ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ «ケ∇コ͡ヱ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヶ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ (Horses are kept for one of t hree purposes; for some people t hey are a source of reward, for some ot hers t hey are a means of shelt er, and for some ot hers t hey are a source of sin. The one for whom t hey are a source of reward, is he who keeps a horse for Allah's cause (Jihad) t ying it wit h a long t et her on a meadow or in a garden. The result is t hat what ever it eat s from t he area of t he meadow or t he garden where it is t ied, will be count ed as good deeds for his benefit ; and if it should break it s rope and j ump over one or t wo hillocks t hen all it s dung and it s foot marks will be writ t en as good deeds for him. If it passes by a river and drinks wat er from it , even t hough he had no int ent ion of wat ering it , t hen he will get t he reward for it s drinking. Therefore, t his t ype of horse is a source of good deeds for him. As for t he man who t ied his horse maint aining self - sufficiency and abst inence from begging, all t he while not forget t ing Allah's right concerning t he neck and back of his horse, t hen it is a means of shelt er for him. And a man who t ied a horse for t he sake of pride, pret ense and showing enmit y for Muslims, t hen t his t ype of horse is a source of sins.) When Allah's Messenger was asked about donkeys, he replied,

る∠ Α∠ べ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や メ ∠ ゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ» «りｚクゅ∠ヘ∇ャや る∠ バ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや (Not hing has been revealed t o me from Allah about t hem except t hese unique, comprehensive Ayat :

∇モヨ∠ ⇒∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ び ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ や⇔ゲ∂ セ ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ (Then anyone who does an at om's weight of good, shall see it . And anyone who does an at om's weight of evil, shall see it .)) 99:7-8 '' Al-Bukhari and Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h, t his is t he wording of Al-Bukhari. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said t hat t he Prophet said,

∩͡ラゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ヤ͡ャ サ ∀ ゲ∠ プ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡リヨ∠ ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ サ ∀ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ :∀る∠をゅ∠ヤ∠を モ ⊥ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや» テ ⊥ よ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚゅ∠プ リ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲｚ ャや サ ⊥ ゲ∠ プ∠ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ∩͡ラゅ∠ジ∇ルみ͡∇ヤャ͡ サ ∀ ゲ∠ プ∠ ヱ∠

￢∠ ゅ∠セ ゅ∠ョ ゲ∠ ミ∠ ク∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲよ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ を⊥ ∇ヱケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヘ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ぶや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ リ ⊥ ワ∠ や∠ゲΑ⊥ ヱ⊥ ぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ョ∠ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚゅ∠プ ∩͡ラゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや サ ⊥ ゲ∠ プ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ヰト ⊥ よ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ サ ⊥ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プ ∩͡ラゅ∠ジ∇ルみ͡∇ャや サ ⊥ ゲ∠ プ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ «ゲ∇ボ∠ヘ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∀ゲ∇わ͡シ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヶ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰレ∠ ∇トよ∠ ザ ⊥ ヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ジ∇ルみ͡∇ャや (There are t hree reasons why horses are kept : A horse t hat is kept for Ar-Rahman (t he Most Beneficent ), a horse kept for Shayt an and a horse kept for t he man. As for t he horse kept for Ar-Rahman, it is t he horse t hat is being kept for t he cause of Allah (for Jihad), and as such, it s food, dung and urine, et c., (he made ment ion of many t hings). As for t he horse t hat is for Shayt an, it is one t hat is being used for gambling. As for t he horse t hat is for man, it is t he horse t hat one t et hers, seeking it s benefit . For him, t his horse will be a shield against povert y.) oAl-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Urwah bin Abi Al-Ja` d Al-Bariqi said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡タや∠ヲル∠ ヶ͡プ キ∀ ヲ⊥ボ∇バョ∠ モ ⊥ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや» «ユ∠レ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ ∇ィほ∠∇ャや ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや (Good will remain in t he forelocks of horses unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, (t hat is) reward, and t he spoils of war.) Allah said next ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らワ͡ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ぴ (t o t hreat en), or t o st rike fear,

び∇ユミ⊥ ｚヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヱｚ ∇ギハ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ぴ (t he enemy of Allah and your enemy), t he disbelievers,

び∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (and ot hers besides t hem), such as Bani Qurayzah, according t o Muj ahid, or persians, according t o As-Suddi.

Muqat il bin Hayyan and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said t hat t his Ayah refers t o hypocrit es, as support ed by Allah's st at ement ,

モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レョ⊥ ゆ ͡ や∠ゲ∇ハｘΙや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ベ ͡ ゅ∠ヘレｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゲ∠ ョ∠ る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや び∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バル∠ (And among t he bedouins around you, some are hypocrit es, and so are some among t he people of Al-Madinah who persist in hypocrisy; you know t hem not , We know t hem.) 9:101 . Allah said next ,

∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚフヲ∠ Α⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ (And what ever you shall spend in t he cause of Allah shall be repaid t o you, and you shall not be t reat ed unj ust ly.) Allah says, what ever you spend on Jihad will be repaid t o you in full. We also ment ioned Allah's st at ement ,

モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ん∠ ｚョぴ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ る⊥ も∠ ∇ゅあョ る∃ ヤ∠ら⊥ レ⊥シ あモミ⊥ ヶ͡プ モ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レシ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ∇ろわ∠ ら∠ ル∠ぺ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ノ∀ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ブ ⊥ バ͡ ⇒∠ツΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (The parable of t hose who spend t heir wealt h in t he way of Allah, is t hat of a grain (of corn); it grows seven ears, and each ear has a hundred grains. Allah gives manifold increase t o whom He wills. And Allah is All-Sufficient for His creat ures' needs, All-Knower.) 2:261

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ∇ウレ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プ ユ͡ ∇ヤジ ｚ ヤ͡ャ ∇やヲ⊥エレ∠ ィ ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡

ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダレ∠ よ͡ ポ ∠ ギ∠ Αｚ ぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや マ ∠ ら∠ ∇ジェ ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ろ ∠ ∇ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ブ ∠ ャｚぺ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヘャｚぺ∠ べｚョ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや び ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ブ ∠ ャｚぺ∠ (61. But if t hey incline t o peace, you also incline t o it , and t rust in Allah. Verily, He is t he AllHearer, t he All-Knower.) (62. And if t hey int end t o deceive you, t hen verily, Allah is AllSufficient for you. He it is Who has support ed you wit h His help and wit h t he believers.) (63. And He has unit ed t heir (believers') heart s. If you had spent all t hat is in t he eart h, you could not have unit ed t heir heart s, but Allah has unit ed t hem. Cert ainly He is All-Might y, All-Wise.)

The Command to Facilitate Peace when the Enemy seeks a Peaceful Resolution Allah says, if you fear bet rayal from a clan of people, t hen sever t he peace t reat y wit h t hem, so t hat you bot h are on equal t erms. If t hey cont inue being host ile and opposing you, t hen fight t hem,

び∇やヲ⊥エレ∠ ィ ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (But if t hey incline), and seek,

びユ͡ ∇ヤジ ｚ ヤ͡ャぴ (t o peace), if t hey resort t o reconciliat ion, and seek a t reat y of non-host ilit y,

びゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇ウレ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プぴ (you also incline t o it ), and accept offers of peace from t hem. This is why when t he pagans inclined t o peace in t he year of Hudaybiyah and sought cessat ion of host ilit ies for nine years, bet ween t hem and t he Messenger of Allah he accept ed t his from t hem, as well as, accept ing ot her t erms of peace t hey brought fort h. ` Abdullah bin Al-Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Ali bin Abi Talib said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ラ ͡ み͡プ∠ ∀ゲ∇ョ∠ぺ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀フゅ∠ヤ͡わ∇カや ヵ͡ギ∇バよ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡» «モ∠バ∇プゅ∠プ ユ∠ ∇ヤジ あ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや (There will be disput es aft er me, so if you have a way t o end t hem in peace, t hen do so.) Allah said next ,

びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t rust in Allah. ) Allah says, conduct a peace t reat y wit h t hose who incline t o peace, and t rust in Allah. Verily, Allah will suffice for you and aid you even if t hey resort t o peace as a t rick, so t hat t hey gat her and reorganize t heir forces,

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや マ ∠ ら∠ ∇ジェ ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (t hen verily, Allah is All-Sufficient for you).

Reminding the Believers of Allah's Favor of uniting Them Allah ment ioned His favor on t he Prophet , in t hat He aided him wit h believers, t he Muhaj irin and t he Ansar,

リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ブ ∠ ャｚぺ∠ヲ∠ レ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダレ∠ よ͡ ポ ∠ ギ∠ Αｚ ぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ (He it is Who has support ed you wit h His help and wit h t he believers. And He has unit ed t heir heart s.) The Ayah says, ` it is Allah who gat hered t he believers' heart s, believing, obeying, aiding and support ing you -- O Muhammad,'

リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヘャｚぺ∠ べｚョ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ろ ∠ ∇ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥

(If you had spent all t hat is in t he eart h, you could not have unit ed t heir heart s.) because of t he enmit y and hat red t hat exist ed bet ween t hem. Before Islam, t here were many wars bet ween t he Ansar t ribes of Aws and Khazraj , and t here were many causes t o st ir unrest bet ween t hem. However, Allah ended all t hat evil wit h t he light of fait h,

ブ ∠ ャｚほ∠プ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ギ∇ハぺ∠ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ∇クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルや∠ヲ∇カま͡ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥わ∇エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∇ユミ⊥ グ∠ ボ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ り∃ ゲ∠ ∇ヘェ ⊥ ゅ∠ヘセ ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ (And remember Allah's favor on you, for you were enemies one t o anot her, but He unit ed your heart s, so t hat , by His grace, you became bret hren, and you were on t he brink of a pit of Fire, and He saved you from it . Thus Allah makes His Ayat clear t o you, t hat you may be guided.) 3:103 In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat when t he Messenger of Allah gave a speech t o t he Ansar about t he division of war boot y collect ed in t he bat t le of Hunayn, he said t o t hem,

ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ミ⊥ や∠ギヰ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ャゅｚヤッ ⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ギィ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ダ∇ルほ∠∇ャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バョ∠ ゅ∠Α» リ ∠ Β͡ホゲあ ヘ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡よ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ビほ∠プ∠ る⇔ ャ∠ゅ∠ハヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡よ «ヶ͡よ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ヘ∠ ャｚほ∠プ∠ (O Ansar! Did I not find you misguided and Allah guided you by me, poor and Allah enriched you by me, and divided and Allah unit ed you by me) Every quest ion t he Prophet asked t hem, t hey said, "Truly, t he favor is from Allah and His Messenger.'' Allah said,

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ブ ∠ ャｚぺ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (But Allah has unit ed t hem. Cert ainly He is All-Might y, All-Wise.) He is t he Most Formidable, and t he hopes of t hose who have t rust in Him, never end unanswered; Allah is All-Wise in all of His decisions and act ions.

リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや マ ∠ ら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや チ ͡ ゲあ ェ ∠ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Α - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ら͡ヤ∇ピ∠Α ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ⇒∠タ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ∇ゼハ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ リ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ͡ま メ ͡ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ヘ∇ャぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らヤ͡∇ピΑ∠ ∀る∠も∇ゅョあ ∇ユム⊥ レぁョ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ も∠ ∇ゅョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ブ ∠ ヘｚ カ ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ャや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ Ι ｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ∀る∠も∇ゅョあ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ リ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ∇バッ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ∇やヲ⊥ら͡ヤ∇ピ∠Α ∀ブ∇ャ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ リ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ も∠ ∇ゅョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ら͡ヤ∇ピ∠Α り∀ ゲ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠タ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βヘ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ (64. O Prophet ! Allah is sufficient for you and for t he believers who follow you.) (65. O Prophet ! Urge t he believers t o fight . If t here are t went y st eadfast persons among you, t hey will overcome t wo hundred, and if t here be a hundred st eadfast persons t hey will overcome a t housand of t hose who disbelieve, because t hey (t he disbelievers) are people who do not underst and.) (66. Now Allah has light ened your (t ask), for He knows t hat t here is weakness in you. So if t here are of you a hundred st eadfast persons, t hey shall overcome t wo hundred, and if t here are a t housand of you, t hey shall overcome t wo t housand by t he leave of Allah. And Allah is wit h t he pat ient .)

Encouraging Believers to fight in Jihad; the Good News that a Few Muslims can overcome a Superior Enemy Force Allah encourages His Prophet and t he believers t o fight and st ruggle against t he enemy, and wage war against t heir forces. Allah affirms t hat He will suffice, aid, support , and help t he believers against t heir enemies, even if t heir enemies are numerous and have sufficient supplies, while t he believers are few. Allah said,

びメ ͡ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや チ ͡ ゲあ ェ ∠ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ (O Prophet ! Urge t he believers t o fight ), encouraged and called t hem t o fight . The Messenger of Allah used t o encourage t he Companions t o fight when t hey faced t he enemy. On t he day of Badr when t he idolat ors came wit h t heir forces and supplies, he said t o his Companions,

«チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ れ ⊥ や∠ヲヨ∠ ジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰッ ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ る∃ レｚ ィ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ やヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ホ»

(Get ready and march fort h t owards a Paradise as wide as t he heavens and eart h.) ` Umayr bin Al-Humam said, "As wide as t he heavens and eart h'' The Messenger said,

«ユ∠バル∠ » (Yes) ` Umayr said, "Excellent ! Excellent !'' The Messenger asked him,

«オ∠よ オ ∃ よ∠ :マ ∠ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ヤ⊥ヨ͡ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (What makes you say, ` Excellent ! Excellent !') He said, "The hope t hat I might be one of it s dwellers.'' The Prophet said,

«ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ルｚ み͡プ∠ » (You are one of it s people.) Umayr went ahead, broke t he scabbard of his sword, t ook some dat es and st art ed eat ing from t hem. He t hen t hrew t he dat es from his hand, saying, "Verily, if I lived unt il I finished eat ing t hese dat es, t hen it is indeed a long life.'' He went ahead, fought and was killed, may Allah be pleased wit h him. Allah said next , commanding t he believers and conveying good news t o t hem,

リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ も∠ ∇ゅョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ら͡ヤ∇ピ∠Α ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ⇒∠タ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ∇ゼハ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ リ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ͡まぴ び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ヘ∇ャぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らヤ͡∇ピΑ∠ ∀る∠も∇ゅョあ ∇ユム⊥ レぁョ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ (If t here are t went y st eadfast persons among you, t hey will overcome t wo hundred, and if t here be a hundred st eadfast persons, t hey will overcome a t housand of t hose who disbelieve.) The Ayah says, one Muslim should endure t en disbelievers. Allah abrogat ed t his part lat er on, but t he good news remained. ` Abdullah bin Al-Mubarak said t hat Jarir bin Hazim narrat ed t o t hem t hat , Az-Zubayr bin Al-Khirrit narrat ed t o him, from ` Ikrimah, from Ibn ` Abbas, "When t his verse was revealed,

びリ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ も∠ ∇ゅョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ら͡ヤ∇ピ∠Α ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ⇒∠タ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ∇ゼハ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ リ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ͡まぴ (If t here are t went y st eadfast persons among you, t hey will overcome t wo hundred...) it became difficult for t he Muslims, when Allah commanded t hat one Muslim is required t o endure t en idolat ors. Soon aft er, t his mat t er was made easy,

び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ブ ∠ ヘｚ カ ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ャやぴ (Now Allah has light ened your (t ask)), unt il,

びリ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ も∠ ∇ゅョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ら͡ヤ∇ピ∠Αぴ (t hey shall overcome t wo hundred. ..) Allah lowered t he number of adversaries t hat Muslims are required t o endure , and t hus, made t he required pat ience less, compat ible t o t he decrease in numbers.'' Al-Bukhari recorded a similar narrat ion from Ibn Al-Mubarak. Muhammad bin Ishaq recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "When t his Ayah was revealed, it was difficult for t he Muslims, for t hey t hought it was burdensome since t went y should fight t wo hundred, and a hundred against a t housand. Allah made t his ruling easy for t hem and abrogat ed t his Ayah wit h anot her Ayah,

びゅ⇔ヘ∇バッ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ブ ∠ ヘｚ カ ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ャやぴ (Now Allah has light ened your (t ask), for He knows t hat t here is weakness in you...) Thereaft er, if Muslims were half as many as t heir enemy, t hey were not allowed t o run away from t hem. If t he Muslims were fewer t han t hat , t hey were not obligat ed t o fight t he disbelievers and t hus allowed t o avoid host ilit ies.''

ヶ͡プ リ ∠ガ ͡ ∇んΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ン∠ゲ∇シぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ ｙ ら͡ レ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや チ ∠ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャｚ - ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ｚ ヨ∠ ャ∠ ペ ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ゅ⇔らあΒデ ∠ Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ヤェ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨレ͡ ビ ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ (67. It is not (fit t ing) for a Prophet t hat he should have prisoners of war unt il he has fought (his enemies t horoughly) in t he land. You desire t he goods of t his world, but Allah desires (for you) t he Hereaft er. And Allah is All-Might y, All-Wise.) (68. Were it not a previous ordainment from Allah, a severe t orment would have t ouched you for what you t ook.) (69. So enj oy what you have got t en of boot y in war, lawful and good, and have Taqwa of Allah. Cert ainly, Allah is Oft Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas said, "The Prophet asked t he people for t heir opinion about t he prisoners of war of Badr, saying,

«ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ム∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» (Allah has made you prevail above t hem.) ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab st ood up and said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Cut off t heir necks,' but t he Prophet t urned away from him. The Messenger of Allah again asked,

∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ム∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ゅ∠Α» «ザ∇ョほ∠∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユム⊥ ル⊥ や∠ヲ∇カま͡ (O people! Allah has made you prevail over t hem, and only yest erday, t hey were your brot hers.) ` Umar again st ood up and said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Cut off t heir necks.' The Prophet ignored him and asked t he same quest ion again and he repeat ed t he same answer. Abu Bakr As-Siddiq st ood up and said, ` O Allah's Messenger! I t hink you should pardon t hem and set t hem free in ret urn for ransom.' Thereupon t he grief on t he face of Allah's Messenger vanished. He pardoned t hem and accept ed ransom for t heir release. Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, revealed t his verse,

∇ユゎ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ｚ ヨ∠ ャ∠ ペ ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャｚぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ (Were it not a previous ordainment from Allah, a severe t orment would have t ouched you for what you t ook).'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about Allah's st at ement ,

びペ ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャｚぴ (Were it not a previous ordainment from Allah...), "In t he Preserved Book, t hat war spoils and prisoners of war will be made allowed for you,

び∇ユゎ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨΒプ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ｚ ヨ∠ ャ∠ぴ (would have t ouched you for what you t ook), because of t he capt ives.

び∀ユΒ͡ヌハ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハぴ (a severe t orment .) Allah, t he Exalt ed said next ,

びゅ⇔らあΒデ ∠ Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ヤェ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨレ͡ ビ ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ ぴ (So enj oy what you have got t en of boot y in war, lawful and good).'' eAl-` Awfi also report ed t his st at ement from Ibn ` Abbas. A similar st at ement was collect ed from Abu Hurayrah, Ibn Mas` ud, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` At a', Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Qat adah and Al-A` mash. They all st at ed t hat ,

びペ ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャｚぴ (Were it not a previous ordainment from Allah. .) refers t o allowing t he spoils of war for t his Ummah. Support ing t his view is what t he Two Sahihs recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

￢͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ト ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥» ∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∃ゲ∇ヰセ ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ Β͡ジョ∠ ょ ͡ ∇ハゲぁ ャゅ͡よ れ ⊥ ∇ゲダ ͡ ル⊥ :ヶ͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ ユ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠レピ∠ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ ャ͡ ∇ろヤｚェ ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ケヲ⊥ヰデ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ギイ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヶ ∠ ャ͡ ラゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∩∠るハ ∠ ゅ∠ヘゼ ｚ ャや ろ ⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ヤ∇らホ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ ｚモエ ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ «るｚョゅ∠ハ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ヶ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや (I have been given five t hings which were not given t o any Prophet before me. (They are:) Allah made me vict orious by awe, (by His fright ening my enemies) for a dist ance of one mont h's j ourney. The eart h has been made a place for praying and a purifyer for me. The boot y has been made lawful for me, yet it = was not lawful for anyone else before me. I have been given t he right of int ercession (on t he Day of Resurrect ion). Every Prophet used t o be sent t o his people only, but I have been sent t o all mankind.) Al-A` mash narrat ed t hat Abu Salih said t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ゅ∠ルゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ サ ͡ ヱ⊥ぼゲぁ ャや キ͡ ヲ⊥ジャ͡ ユ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠レピ∠ ∇ャや モ ｚエ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠»

(War boot y was never allowed for any among mankind except us.) Abu Hurayrah said; This is why Allah t he Most High said,

びゅ⇔らあΒデ ∠ Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ヤェ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨレ͡ ビ ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ ぴ (So enj oy what you have got t en of boot y in war, lawful and good.) The Muslims t hen t ook t he ransom for t heir capt ives. In his Sunan, Imam Abu Dawud recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah fixed four hundred (Dirhams) in ransom from t he people of Jahiliyyah in t he aft ermat h of Badr. The maj orit y of t he scholars say t hat t he mat t er of prisoners of war is up t o t he Imam. If he decides, he can have t hem killed, such as in t he case of Bani Qurayzah. If he decides, he can accept a ransom for t hem, as in t he case of t he prisoners of Badr, or exchange t hem for Muslim prisoners. The Messenger exchanged a woman and her daught er who were capt ured by Salamah bin Al-Akwa` , for exchange of some Muslims who were capt ured by t he idolat ors, or if he decides he can t ake t he prisoner as a capt ives.

ラ͡ま ン∠ゲ∇シｘΙや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムΑ͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ヴ͡プ リ∠ヨャあ モ⊥ホ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ グ∠ カ ͡ ぺ⊥ べｚヨョあ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヶプ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ͡ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ リ ∠ ム∠ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠カ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ わ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠Βカ ͡ び ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ (70. O Prophet ! Say t o t he capt ives t hat are in your hands: "If Allah knows any good in your heart s, He will give you somet hing bet t er t han what has been t aken from you, and He will forgive you, and Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.'') (71. But if t hey int end t o bet ray you, t hey indeed bet rayed Allah before. So He gave (you) power over t hem. And Allah is All-Knower, All-Wise.)

Pagan Prisoners at Badr were promised better than what They lost, if They become Righteous in the Future Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas said t hat before t he bat t le of Badr, t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ヱ∠ ユ∃ セ ͡ ゅ∠ワ ヶ͡レよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ⇔シゅ∠ルぺ⊥ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇プゲ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヶあルま͡» ヶ ∠ ボ͡ ャ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠レャ͡ゅ∠わボ͡ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ る∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ェ ゅ∠ャ ゅ⇔ワ∇ゲミ∠ やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ ∇ギホ∠

∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∇ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ユ∃ セ ͡ ゅ∠ワ ヶ͡レよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ヵぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ «ゅ⇔ワゲ͡ ム∠わ∇ジョ⊥ ュ∃ ゅ∠ゼワ͡ リ ∠ ∇よ ヵ͡ゲわ∠ ∇ガら⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠よ∠ぺ ヶ ∠ ボ͡ ャ∠ (I have come t o know t hat some people from Bani Hashim and ot hers were forced t o accompany t he pagans, alt hough t hey had no desire t o fight us. Therefore, whoever meet s any of t hem (Bani Hashim), do not kill him. Whoever meet s Abu Al-Bukht ari bin Hisham, should not kill him. Whoever meet s Al-` Abbas bin ` Abdul-Mut t alib, let him not kill him, for he was forced t o come (wit h t he pagan army).) Abu Hudhayfah bin ` Ut bah said, "Shall we kill our fat hers, children, brot hers and t ribesmen (from Quraysh), and leave Al-` Abbas By Allah! If I meet him, I will kill him wit h t he sword.'' When t his reached t he Messenger of Allah , he said t o ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab,

«ゾ∇ヘェ ∠ ゅ∠よ∠ぺ ゅ∠Α» (O Abu Hafs!), and ` Umar said, "By Allah t hat was t he first t ime t hat t he Messenger of Allah called me Abu Hafs.''

«ブ∇Βジ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ぶ ͡ やメ ͡ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ユあ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ツΑ⊥ ぺ∠» (Will t he face of t he Messenger of Allahs's uncle be st ruck wit h t he sword) ` Umar said, "O Allah's Messenger! Give me permission t o cut off his neck (meaning Abu Hudhayfah) for he has fallen int o hypocrisy, by Allah!'' Ever since t hat happened, Abu Hudhayfah used t o say, "By Allah! I do not feel safe from t his st at ement coming back t o haunt me, and I will cont inue t o fear it s repercussions, unless Allah, t he Exalt ed, forgives me for it t hrough mart yrdom.'' Abu Hudhayfah was mart yred during t he bat t le of Al-Yamamah, may Allah be pleased wit h him. Ibn ` Abbas said, "On t he eve aft er Badr, t he Messenger of Allah spent t he first part of t he night awake, while t he prisoners were bound. His Companions said t o him, ` O Allah's Messenger! Why do you not sleep' Al-` Abbas had been capt ured by a man from Al-Ansar, and t he Messenger of Allah said t o t hem,

«ロヲ⊥ボヤ͡∇デほ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ ホ͡ ゅ∠をヱ͡ ヶ͡プ サ ͡ ゅｚらバ∠ ∇ャや ヶあヨハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ルぺ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠» (I heard t he cries of pain from my uncle Al-` Abbas, because of his shackles, so unt ie him.) When his uncle st opped crying from pain, Allah's Messenger went t o sleep.'' In his Sahih, AlBukhari recorded a Hadit h from Musa bin ` Uqbah who said t hat Ibn Shihab said t hat Anas bin Malik said t hat some men from Al-Ansar said t o t he Messenger of Allah , "O Allah's Messenger! Give us permission and we will set free our mat ernal cousin Al-` Abbas wit hout t aking ransom from him.'' He said,

«ゅ⇔ヨワ∠ ∇ケキ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ ゅ∠ャ»

(No, by Allah! Do not leave any Dirham of it .) And from Yunus Bikkir, from Muhammad bin Ishaq, from Yazid bin Ruwman, from ` Urwah, from Az-Zuhri t hat several people said t o him, "The Quraysh sent t o t he Messenger of Allah concerning ransoming t heir prisoners, and each t ribe paid what was required for t heir prisoners. Al-` Abbas said, ` O Allah's Messenger! I became a Muslims before.' The Messenger of Allah said,

ぶ ⊥ やラ ｚ み͡プ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ マ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡よ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や» マ ∠ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ギ͡ わ∠ ∇プゅ∠プ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ワ͡ ゅ∠ニ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ Α͡ゴ∇イΑ⊥ ょ ͡ ヤ͡ト ｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや͡ギ∇らハ ∠ リ ͡ ∇よ ゐ ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠エ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇よ モ ∠ プ∠ ∇ヲル∠ マ ∠ Β͡カぺ∠ ヶ∠レ∇よや∠ヱ マ ∠ ヘ∠ Β͡ヤェ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ ょ ͡ ヤ͡ト ｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや͡ギ∇らハ ∠ リ ͡ ∇よ ょ ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠デ ヶ͡よぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇よ モ ∠ Β͡ボハ ∠ ヱ∠ «ゲ∇ヰプ͡ リ ͡ ∇よ ゐ ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠エ∇ャや ヶ͡レよ∠ ヶ͡カぺ∠ ヱ∃ゲ∇ヨハ ∠ リ ∠ ∇よ る∠ ら∠ ∇わハ ⊥ (Allah knows if you are Muslim! If what you are claiming is t rue, t hen Allah will compensat e you. As for your out ward appearance, it was against us. Therefore, ransom yourself, as well as, your nephews Nawfal bin Al-Harit h bin ` Abdul-Mut t alib and ` Aqil bin Abu Talib bin ` AbdulMut t alib, and also your ally ` Ut bah bin ` Amr, from Bani Al-Harit h bin Fihr.) Al-` Abbas said, ` I do not have t hat (money), O Allah's Messenger!' The Messenger said,

ろ ∠ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ モ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや ぁュぺ⊥ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇レプ∠ キ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや メ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Αほ∠プ∠ » ヵ͡グャｚや メ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや や∠グヰ∠ プ∠ ∩や∠グワ∠ ヵ͡ゲヘ∠ シ ∠ ヶ͡プ ろ ⊥ ∇らタ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ :ゅ∠ヰャ∠ «∨∃ユん∠ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡レら∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇レプ∠ キ∠ (What about t he wealt h t hat you and Umm Al-Fadl buried, and you said t o her, ` If I am killed in t his bat t le, t hen t his money t hat I buried is for my children Al-Fadl, ` Abdullah and Qut hm) Al` Abbas said, ` By Allah, O Allah's Messenger! I know t hat you are Allah's Messenger, for t his is a t hing t hat none except Umm Al-Fadl and I knew. However, O Allah's Messenger! Could you count t owards my ransom t he t went y Uwqiyah (pert aining t o a weight ) t hat you t ook from me (in t he bat t le)' The Messenger of Allah said,

«マ∇レョ͡ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ルゅ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ∀￢∇ヶ∠セ ポ ∠ や∠ク ゅ∠ャ» (No, for t hat was money t hat Allah made as war spoils for us from you). So Al-` Abbas ransomed himself, his t wo nephews and an ally, and Allah revealed t his verse,

ラ͡ま ン∠ゲ∇シｘΙや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムΑ͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ヴ͡プ リ∠ヨャあ モ⊥ホ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ グ∠ カ ͡ ぺ⊥ べｚヨョあ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ͡ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ (O Prophet ! Say t o t he capt ives t hat are in your hands: "If Allah knows any good in your heart s, He will give you somet hing bet t er t han what has been t aken from you, and He will forgive you, and Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.'') 8:70 Al-` Abbas comment ed, ` Aft er I became Muslim, Allah gave me t went y servant s in place of t he t went y Uwqiyah I lost . And I hope for Allah's forgiveness.'' Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bayhaqi recorded, t hat Anas bin Malik said, "The Prophet was brought some wealt h from Bahrain and said;

«ヵ͡ギイ ͡ ジ∠ョ ヶ͡プ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲん⊥ ∇ルや» (Dist ribut e it in my Masj id) and it was t he biggest amount of goods Allah's Messenger had ever received. He left for prayer and did not even look at t he goods. Aft er finishing t he prayer, he sat by t hose goods and gave some of it t o everybody he saw. Al-` Abbas came t o him and said, ` O Allah's Messenger! give me (somet hing) t oo, because I gave ransom for myself and ` Aqil. ' Allah's Messenger t old him t o t ake. So he st uffed his garment wit h it and t ried t o carry it away but he failed t o do so. He said, ` Order someone t o help me in lift ing it .' The Prophet refused. He t hen said t o t he Prophet , ` Will you please help me t o lift it ' Allah's Messenger refused. Then Al-` Abbas dropped some of it and lift ed it on his shoulders and went away. Allah's Messenger kept on wat ching him t ill he disappeared from his sight and was ast onished at his greediness. Allah's Messenger did not get up unt il t he last coin was dist ribut ed.'' Al-Bukhari also collect ed t his Hadit h in several places of his Sahih wit h an abridged chain, in a manner indicat ing his approral of it . Allah said,

びモ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠カ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ わ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠Βカ ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (But if t hey int end t o bet ray you, t hey indeed bet rayed Allah before) meaning,

びマ ∠ わ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠Βカ ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (But if t hey int end t o bet ray you) in cont radict ion t o what t hey declare t o you by words.

びモ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠カ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ぴ

(t hey indeed bet rayed Allah before), t he bat t le of Badr by commit t ing disbelief in Him,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ リ ∠ ム∠ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So He gave (you) power over t hem), causing t hem t o be capt ured in Badr,

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is All-Knower, All-Wise.) He is Ever Aware of his act ions and All-Wise in what He decides.

∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲィ ∠ ゅ∠ワヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ∇やヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ ル∠ ヱｚ ∇やヱ∠ヱや∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ユ͡ヰわ͡ Β∠ ⇒ャ∠ヱ リあョ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΑ⊥ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ∠わ∇シや ラ ͡ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∀ベゅ∠んΒあョ ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ダｚレャや び ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ (72. Verily, t hose who believed, and emigrat ed and st rove hard and fought wit h t heir propert y and t heir lives in t he cause of Allah as well as t hose who gave (t hem) asylum and help, -- t hese are (all) allies t o one anot her. And as t o t hose who believed but did not emigrat e, you owe no dut y of prot ect ion t o t hem unt il t hey emigrat e, but if t hey seek your help in religion, it is your dut y t o help t hem except against a people wit h whom you have a t reat y of mut ual alliance; and Allah is t he All-Seer of what you do.)

The Muhajirin and Al-Ansar are the Supporters of One Another Here Allah ment ions t he t ypes of believers, dividing t hem int o t he Muhaj irin, who left t heir homes and est at es, emigrat ing t o give support t o Allah and His Messenger t o est ablish His religion. They gave up t heir wealt h and t hemselves in t his cause. There are also t he Ansar, t he Muslims of Al-Madinah, who gave asylum t o t heir Muhaj irin bret hren in t heir own homes and comfort ed t hem wit h t heir wealt h. They also gave aid t o Allah and His Messenger by fight ing alongside t he Muhaj irun. Cert ainly t hey are,

びヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ぴ (allies t o one anot her), for each one of t hem has more right t o t he ot her t han anyone else. This is why Allah's Messenger forged t ies of brot herhood bet ween t he Muhaj irin and Ansar, as AlBukhari recorded from Ibn ` Abbas. They used t o inherit from each ot her, having more right t o inherit ance t han t he deceased man's relat ives, unt il Allah abrogat ed t hat pract ice wit h t he fixed share for near relat ives. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jarir bin ` Abdullah Al-Baj ali said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩∃ヂ∇バら∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ￢⊥ ゅ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ダ∇ルほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ラヱ⊥ゲィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや» ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ブ ∃ Β͡ボを∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ボ∠わバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩∃ズ∇Αゲ∠ ホ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ボヤ∠ト ぁ ャや∠ヱ «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ￢⊥ ゅ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ (The Muhaj irun and Al-Ansar are t he support ers of each ot her, while t he Tulaqa' of Quraysh (whom t he Prophet set free aft er conquering Makkah) and ` Ut aqa' from Thaqif (whom t he Prophet set free from capt ivit y aft er t he bat t le of Hunayn) are support ers of each ot her unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. ) Only Ahmad collect ed t his Hadit h. Allah praised t he Muhaj irin and t he Ansar in several Ayat of His Book and His Messenger (also praised t hem t oo). Allah said,

ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇ルΕ ∠ や∠ヱ リ ∠ Α͡ゲイ ͡ ⇒∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱｚ Ι ｘや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボら͡ ⇒ｚジャや∠ヱぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ッ ͡ ケｚ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ジ∇ェみ͡よ͡ ユ⊥ワヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ヵ͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッケ∠ ヱ∠ びゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΕ ∠や (And t he foremost t o embrace Islam of t he Muhaj irun and t he Ansar and also t hose who followed t hem exact ly. Allah is well-pleased wit h t hem as t hey are well-pleased wit h Him. He has prepared for t hem gardens under which rivers flow (Paradise).) 9:100 , k

ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダルｘΙや∠ヱ リ ∠ Α͡ゲイ ͡ ⇒∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ あ ら͡ レｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぶや ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ びり͡ ゲ∠ ∇ジバ⊥ ∇ャや る͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや

(Allah has forgiven t he Prophet , t he Muhaj irin and t he Ansar who followed him in t he t ime of dist ress.) 9:117 , and,

∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ Α͡ゲイ ͡ ⇒∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや ￢͡ へ∠ゲボ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ぴ ゅ⇔ル∠ヲ∇ッケ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ Κ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Αヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηや∠ヱ ケ∠ やｚギャや やヱ⊥￢ヲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ る⇔ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ェ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゲ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ワ ∇リョ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡を∇ぽΑ⊥ ∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ べｚヨョあ び∀る∠タゅ∠ダ∠カ ((And t here is also a share in t his boot y) for t he poor Muhaj irin, who were expelled from t heir homes and t heir propert y, seeking bount ies from Allah and (His) good pleasure, and helping Allah and His Messenger. Such are indeed t he t rut hful. And t hose who, before t hem, had homes (in Al-Madinah) and adopt ed t he fait h, love t hose who emigrat e t o t hem, and have no j ealousy in t heir breast s for t hat which t hey have been given, and give t hem (emigrant s) preference over t hemselves even t hough t hey were in need of t hat ) 59:8-9 . The best comment on Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ べｚヨョあ る⇔ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ェ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (...and have no j ealousy in t heir breast s for t hat which t hey have been given) is t hat it means, t hey do not envy t he Muhaj irin for t he rewards t hat Allah gave t hem for t heir emigrat ion. These Ayat indicat e t hat t he Muhaj irin are bet t er in grade t han t he Ansar, and t here is a consensus on t his ruling among t he scholars.

The Believers Who did not emigrate did not yet receive the Benefits of Wilayah Allah said,

ユ͡ヰわ͡ Β∠ ⇒ャ∠ヱ リあョ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び∇やヱ⊥ゲィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ (And as t o t hose who believed but did not emigrat e, you owe no dut y of prot ect ion t o t hem unt il t hey emigrat e,) 8:72 . This is t he t hird cat egory of believers, t hose who believed, but did not perform Hij rah and inst ead remained in t heir areas. They do not have any share in t he war boot y or in t he fift h designat ed for Allah and His Messenger, t he relat ives of t he Prophet , t he orphans, t he poor and t he wayfarer , unless t hey at t end bat t le. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Buraydah bin Al-Hasib Al-Aslami said, "When t he Messenger of Allah would send a commander wit h an expedit ion force or an army, he would advise him t o have Taqwa of Allah and be kind t o t he Muslims under his command. He used t o say,

ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇リョ∠ やヲ⊥ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ホ ∩͡ぶや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ぶ ͡ や ユ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ やヱ⊥ゴ∇ビや» ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ハ ⊥ ∇キゅ∠プ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ポ ∠ ヱｚ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ろ ∠ Β͡ボャ∠ や∠クま͡ ∩͡ぶゅ͡よ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥よゅ∠ィぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ｚリヰ⊥ わ⊥ ｚΑほ∠プ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠ヤカ ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠ダカ ͡ ゐ ͡ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ン∠ギ∇ェ͡ま ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ハ ⊥ ∇キや .∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ｚブミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇モら∠ ∇ホゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ .∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ｚブミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇モら∠ ∇ホゅ∠プ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥よゅ∠ィぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ュゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや ケ͡ や∠キ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ や∠キ ∇リョ͡ メ ͡ ヲぁ エ ∠ わｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ハ ⊥ ∇キや ゅ∠ョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヨヤ͡∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠リΑ͡ゲィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∩∠リΑ͡ゲィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠リΑ͡ゲィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヨヤ͡∇ハほ∠プ∠ ∩∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ や∠キ やヱ⊥ケゅ∠わ∇カや∠ヱ や∇ヲよ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ぶ ͡ や ユ⊥ ∇ムェ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヵ͡ゲ∇イΑ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ や∠ゲ∇ハほ∠ミ∠ ￢͡ ∇ヶヘ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヵ͡ゲ∇イΑ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ やヱ⊥ギワ͡ ゅ∠イΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡∩∀ょΒ͡ダル∠ る͡ ヨ∠ Β͡レピ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ

∇ラみ͡プ∠ .る͡ Α∠ ∇ゴイ ͡ ∇ャや ￢͡ ゅ∠ト∇ハま͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ハ ⊥ ∇キゅ∠プ ∩や∇ヲよ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∇リバ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ や∇ヲよ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ｚブミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇モら∠ ∇ホゅ∠プ やヲ⊥よゅ∠ィぺ∠ «ユヰ⊥ ∇ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ホ ｚユを⊥ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ (Fight in t he Name of Allah, in t he cause of Allah. Fight t hose who disbelieve in Allah. When you meet your Mushrik enemy, t hen call t hem t o one of t hree choices, and whichever t hey agree t o, t hen accept it and t urn away from t hem. Call t hem t o embrace Islam, and if t hey agree, accept it from t hem and t urn away from t hem. Then call t hem t o leave t heir area and come t o areas in which t he Muhaj irin reside. Make known t o t hem t hat if t hey do t his, t hey will have t he right s, as well as, t he dut ies of t he Muhaj irin. If t hey refuse and decide t o remain in t heir area, make known t o t hem t hat t hey will be j ust like Muslim bedouins, and t hat Allah's law applies t o t hem j ust as it does t o all believers. However, t hey will not have a share in t he war boot y or Fai' (boot y wit hout war), unless t hey perform Jihad along wit h Muslims. If t hey refuse all of t his, t hen call t hem t o pay t he Jizyah, and if t hey accept , t hen t ake it from t hem and t urn away from t hem. If t hey refuse all t hese t hree opt ions, t hen t rust in Allah and fight t hem.) Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h. Allah said next ,

びゲ⊥ ∇ダｚレャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ∠わ∇シや ラ ͡ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (But if t hey seek your help in religion, it is your dut y t o help t hem.) Allah commands, if t hese bedouins, who did not perform Hij rah, ask you t o aid t hem against t heir enemy, t hen aid t hem. It is incumbent on you t o aid t hem in t his case, because t hey are your brot hers in Islam, unless t hey ask you t o aid t hem against disbelievers wit h whom you have a fixed-t erm t reat y of peace. In t hat case, do not bet ray your t reat ies or break your promises wit h t hose whom you have t reat ies of peace. This was report ed from Ibn ` Abbas.

ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Αグｚャや∠ヱぴ び ∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ∀キゅジ ∠ プ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ (73. And t hose who disbelieve are allies of one anot her, (and) if you (Muslims) do not do so (prot ect one anot her), t here will be Fit nah on t he eart h, and great corrupt ion.)

The Disbelievers are Allies of Each Other; the Muslims are not their Allies

Aft er Allah ment ioned t hat t he believers are t he support ers of one anot her, He severed all t ies of support bet ween t hem and t he disbelievers. In his Must adrak, Al-Hakim recorded t hat Usamah said t hat t he Prophet said,

∩や⇔ゲプ͡ ゅ∠ミ ∀ユ͡ヤ∇ジョ⊥ ゐ ⊥ ゲ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩͡リ∇Βわ∠ ヤｚョ͡ モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ゐ ⊥ ケ∠ や∠ヲわ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ゅ⇔ヨ͡ヤ∇ジョ⊥ ∀ゲ͡プゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ (No followers of t wo religions inherit from each ot her. Therefore, neit her a Muslim inherit s from a disbeliever nor a disbeliever from a Muslim.) The Prophet recit ed t his Ayah,

ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Αグャｚや∠ヱぴ び ∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ∀キゅ∠ジ∠プ∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ (And t hose who disbelieve are support ers of one anot her, (and) if you (Muslims) do not do so (prot ect one anot her), t here will be Fit nah on t he eart h, and great corrupt ion.) Al-Hakim said, "It s chain is Sahih, and t hey did not record it .'' However, t he following, from Usamah bin Zayd, is in t he Two Sahihs; t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ユ͡ヤ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ プ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゲ∠ プ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゐ ⊥ ゲ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ» (Neit her a Muslim inherit s from a disbeliever nor a disbeliever inherit s from a Muslim.) Allah said next ,

び∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ∀キゅ∠ジ∠プ∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (If you do not do so, t here will be Fit nah and oppression on t he eart h, and a great corrupt ion), meaning, if you do not shun t he idolat ors and of fer your loyalt y t o t he believers, Fit nah will overcome t he people. Then confusion polyt heism and corrupt ion will be rampant , for t he believers will be mixed wit h disbelievers, result ing in t remendous, widespread t rials corrupt ion and mischief bet ween people.

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲィ ∠ ゅ∠ワヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ ル∠ ヱｚ ∇やヱ∠ヱや∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ

リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ∀ユΑゲ͡ ミ∠ ベ ∀ ∇コケ͡ ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ユ⊥ヰャｚ ゅ⇔ボ∂ ェ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲィ ∠ ゅ∠ワヱ∠ ギ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヶ͡プ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠ェ∇ケΕ ∠ や ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (74. And t hose who believed, and emigrat ed and st rove hard in t he cause of Allah (Al-Jihad), as well as t hose who gave (t hem) asylum and aid -- t hese are t he believers in t rut h, for t hem is forgiveness and a generous provision.) (75. And t hose who believed aft erwards, and emigrat ed and st rove hard along wit h you, t hey are of you. But kindred by blood are nearer t o one anot her (regarding inherit ance) in t he decree ordained by Allah. Verily, Allah is t he All-Knower of everyt hing.)

Believers in Truth Aft er Allah affirmed t he ruling of loyalt y and prot ect ion bet ween t he believers in t his life, He t hen ment ioned t heir dest inat ion in t he Hereaft er. Allah also affirmed t he fait h of t he believers, j ust as ment ioned in t he beginning of t his Surah, and t hat He will reward t hem wit h forgiveness and by erasing t heir sins, if t hey have any. He also promised t hem honorable provisions t hat are abundant , pure, everlast ing and et ernal; provisions t hat never end or run out , nor will t hey ever cause boredom, for t hey are delight ful and come in great variet ies. Allah t hen ment ioned t hat t hose who follow t he pat h of t he believers in fait h and performing good deeds, will be wit h t hem in t he Hereaft er. Just as Allah said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ャヱｚ ｘΙや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボら͡ ⇒ｚジャや∠ヱぴ (And t he foremost t o embrace Islam...) 9:100 , unt il t he end of t he Ayah. He also said,

び∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ やヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who came aft er t hem ...) 59:10 . A Hadit h t hat is in t he Two Sahihs, which is Mut awat ir and has several aut hent ic chains of narrat ions, ment ions t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ょ∠ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ノ∠ ョ∠ ￢⊥ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや» (One will be in t he company of t hose whom he loves.) Anot her Hadit h st at es,

«ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » (He who loves a people is one of t hem), and in anot her narrat ion, he said,

«ユ⊥ヰバ∠ ョ∠ ゲ∠ ゼ ͡ェ ⊥» (...will be gat hered wit h t hem (on t he Day of Resurrect ion).)

Inheritance is for Designated Degrees of Relatives Allah said,

ょ ͡ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヶ͡プ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠ェ∇ケΕ ∠ や ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ヤｚャや (But kindred by blood are nearer t o one anot her (regarding inherit ance) in t he decree ordained by Allah), meaning, in Allah's decision. This Ayah encompasses all relat ives, not only t he degrees of relat ive who do not have a fixed, designat ed share in t he inherit ance, as some people claim and use t his Ayah t o argue. According t o Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Qat adah and several ot hers, t his Ayah abrogat ed inherit ing from t hose wit h whom one had t ies of t reat ies or brot herhood, as was t he case in t he beginning of Islam. So it applies t o all relat ives, and as for t hose who do not inherit , t hen t his is support ed by t he Hadit h,

る∃ Βｚ タ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚボェ ∠ ペ ∠ェ ∠ ヵ͡ク ｚモミ⊥ ヴ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» «ゐ͡ケや∠ヲャ͡ (Indeed Allah had allot ed every right t o t he one who deserves it , so t here may be no will for an heir.) Therefore, t his Ayah also includes t hose who have a fixed share of inherit ance. Allah knows best . This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Anfal, all praise and t hanks are for Allah, in Him we t rust , and He is sufficient for us, what an excellent support er He is.

The Tafsir of Surat At-Tawbah (Chapter - 9) Which Was Revealed in Al-Madinah

リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ギワ∠ ゅ∠ハ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀り∠￢へ∠ゲ∠よぴ ゲ∃ ヰ⊥ ∇セぺ∠ る∠ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥エΒ͡ジプ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ゴ∇ガョ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヵ͡ゴイ ͡ ∇バョ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (1. Freedom from (all) obligat ions (is declared) from Allah and His Messenger () t o t hose of t he Mushrikin (idolat ers), wit h whom you made a t reat y.) (2. So t ravel freely (O Mushrikin) for four mont hs (as you will) t hroughout t he land, but know t hat you cannot escape (from t he punishment of) Allah; and Allah will disgrace t he disbelievers.)

Why there is no Basmalah in the Beginning of This Surah This honorable Surah (chapt er 9) was one of t he last Surahs t o be revealed t o t he Messenger of Allah . Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Al-Bara' said, "The last Ayah t o be revealed was,

び͡るヤ∠⇒∠ヤム∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡わ∇ヘΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥わ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ぴ (They ask you for a legal verdict . Say: "Allah direct s (t hus) about Al-Kalalah.'') ぴ4:176び, while t he last Surah t o be revealed was Bara'ah.'' The Basmalah was not ment ioned in t he beginning of t his Surah because t he Companions did not writ e it in t he complet e copy of t he Qur'an (Mushaf) t hey collect ed, following t he Commander of t he fait hful, ` Ut hman bin ` Affan, may Allah be pleased wit h him. The first part of t his honorable Surah was revealed t o t he Messenger of Allah when he ret urned from t he bat t le of Tabuk, during t he Haj j season, which t he Prophet t hought about at t ending. But he remembered t hat t he idolat ors would st ill at t end t hat Haj j , as was usual in past years, and t hat t hey perform Tawaf around t he House while naked. He disliked t o associat e wit h t hem and sent Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t o lead Haj j t hat year and show t he people t heir rit uals, commanding him t o inform t he idolat ors t hat t hey would not be allowed t o part icipat e in Haj j aft er t hat season. He commanded him t o proclaim,

び͡ヮ͡ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀り∠￢へ∠ゲ∠よぴ (Freedom from (all) obligat ions (is declared) from Allah and His Messenger ()...), t o t he people. When Abu Bakr had left , t he Messenger sent ` Ali bin Abu Talib t o be t he one t o deliver t his news t o t he idolat ors on behalf of t he Messenger , for he was t he Messenger's cousin. We will ment ion t his st ory lat er.

Publicizing the Disavowal of the Idolators Allah said,

び͡ヮ͡ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀り∠￢へ∠ゲ∠よぴ (Freedom from obligat ions from Allah and His Messenger ()), is a declarat ion of freedom from all obligat ions from Allah and His Messenger ,

ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥エΒ͡ジヘ∠ レ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ギワ∠ ゅ∠ハ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ び∃ゲヰ⊥ ∇セぺ∠ る∠ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや (t o t hose of t he Mushrikin, wit h whom you made a t reat y. So t ravel freely (Mushrikin) for four mont hs (as you will) t hroughout t he land) ぴ9:1-2び. This Ayah refers t o idolat ors who had indefinit e t reat ies and t hose, whose t reat ies wit h Muslims ended in less t han four mont hs. The t erms of t hese t reat ies were rest rict ed t o four mont hs only. As for t hose whose t erm of peace ended at a specific dat e lat er (t han t he four mont hs), t hen t heir t reat ies would end when t heir t erms ended, no mat t er how long aft erwards, for Allah said,

び∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ギｚ ョ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ヰハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲぁヨゎ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So fulfill t heir t reat y for t hem unt il t he end of t heir t erm)ぴ9:4び. So whoever had a covent ant wit h Allah's Messenger t hen it would last unt il it s period expired, t his was report ed from Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi and ot hers. We will also ment ion a Hadit h on t his mat t er. Abu Ma` shar Al-Madani said t hat Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi and several ot hers said, "The Messenger of Allah sent Abu Bakr t o lead t he Haj j rit uals on t he nint h year (of Hij rah). He also sent ` Ali bin Abi Talib wit h t hirt y or fort y Ayat from Bara'ah (At -Tawbah), and he recit ed t hem t o t he people, giving t he idolat ors four mont hs during which t hey freely move about in t he land. He recit ed t hese Ayat on t he day of ` Arafah (nint h of Dhul-Hij j ah). The idolat ors were given t went y more days (t ill t he end) of Dhul-Hij j ah, Muharram, Safar, Rabi` Al-Awwal and t en days from Rabi` At h-Thani. He proclaimed t o t hem in t heir camping areas, ` No Mushrik will be allowed t o perform Haj j aft er t his year, nor a naked person t o perform Tawaf around t he House.''' So Allah said,

ア あエ ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ラや∠クぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ͡ ら∠ ∇ミΙ ｘや ∇ユム⊥ ルｚぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らゎ⊥ ラ͡みプ∠

ユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Αグ͡ ャｚや ゲ͡ ゼ あ よ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ン͡ゴイ ͡ ∇バョ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ び (3. And a declarat ion from Allah and His Messenger t o mankind on t he great est day of Haj j t hat Allah is free from obligat ions t o t he Mushrikin and so is His Messenger. So if you repent , it is bet t er for you, but if you t urn away, t hen know t hat you cannot escape Allah. And give t idings of a painful t orment for t hose who disbelieve. )

Allah says, this is a declaration,

び͡ヮ͡ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ぴ (from Allah and His Messenger), and a preface warning t o t he people,

び͡ゲら∠ ∇ミｘΙや ア あエ ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (on t he great est day of Haj j ), t he day of Sacrifice, t he best and most apparent day of t he Haj j rit uals, during which t he largest gat hering confers.

び⊥ヮャ⊥ヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ぴ (t hat Allah is free from (all) obligat ions t o t he Mushrikin and so is His Messenger.) also free from all obligat ions t o t hem. Allah next invit es t he idolat ors t o repent ,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇らゎ⊥ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (So if you repent ), from t he misguidance and Shirk you indulge in,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (it is bet t er for you, but if you t urn away), and persist on your ways,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ン͡ゴイ ͡ ∇バョ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハゅ∠プぴ (t hen know t hat you cannot escape Allah) Rat her, Allah is capable over you, and you are all in His grasp, under His power and will,

び∃ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ͡ ゼ あ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And give t idings of a painful t orment for t hose who disbelieve) earning t hem disgrace and afflict ion in t his life and t he t orment of chains and barbed iron bars in t he Hereaft er. AlBukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "Abu Bakr sent me during t hat Haj j wit h t hose dispat ched on t he day of Sacrifice t o declare in Mina t hat no Mushrik will be allowed t o at t end Haj j aft er t hat year, nor will a naked person be allowed t o perform Tawaf.'' Humayd said, "The Prophet t hen sent ` Ali bin Abi Talib and commanded him t o announce Bara'ah.'' Abu Hurayrah said, "Ali publicized Bara'ah wit h us t o t he gat hering in Mina on t he day of Sacrifice, declaring t hat no Mushrik shall perform Haj j aft er t hat year, nor shall a naked person perform Tawaf around t he House.'' Al-Bukhari also collect ed t his Hadit h t he t his narrat ion of which, Abu Hurayrah said, "On t he day of Nahr, Abu Bakr sent me along wit h ot her announcers t o Mina t o make a public announcement t hat ` No pagan is allowed t o perform Haj j aft er t his year, and no naked person is allowed t o perform t he Tawaf around t he Ka` bah.' Abu Bakr was leading t he people in t hat Haj j season, and in t he year of ` The Farewell Haj j ' when t he Prophet performed Haj j , no Mushrik performed Haj j .''' This is t he narrat ion t hat Al-Bukhari recorded in t he Book on Jihad. Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed a narrat ion from Abu Ja` far Muhammad bin ` Ali bin AlHusayn who said, "When Bara'ah was revealed t o Allah's Messenger , and he had sent Abu Bakr t o oversee t he Haj j rit es for t he people, he was asked, ` O Messenger of Allah! Why not send t his ぴmessageび t o Abu Bakr' So he said,

«ヶ͡わ∇Βよ∠ モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ゅｚャま͡ ヶあレハ ∠ ヵあキぽ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャ» (It will not be accept ed t o have been from me if it is not from a man from my family.) Then he called for ` Ali and said t o him,

ヶ͡プ ∇ラクあ ぺ∠ヱ∠ り∠ ￢∠ や∠ゲよ∠ ケ͡ ∇ギタ ∠ ∇リョ͡ る͡ ダ ｚ ボ͡ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ヰ͡よ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇カや» モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ∩ヴ⇔レヨ͡ よ͡ やヲ⊥バヨ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや や∠クま͡ ゲ͡ ∇エレｚ ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∀ポゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ュ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ぁアエ ⊥ Α∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∀ゲプ͡ ゅ∠ミ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや メ ͡ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀ラゅ∠Α∇ゲハ ⊥ ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ フ ⊥ ヲ⊥トΑ∠ «ヮ͡ゎギｚ ョ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∀ギ∇ヰ∠ハ ユ∂ヤシヱ ヮΒヤハ ぶや ヴヤタ ぶ ͡ や (Take t his sect ion from t he beginning of Bara'ah and proclaim t o t he people on t he day of t he Sacrifice while t hey are gat hered at Mina t hat no disbeliever will ent er Paradise, no idolat or will be permit t ed t o perform Haj j aft er t he year, t here will be no Tawaf while naked, and whoever has a covenant wit h Allah's Messenger, t hen it shall be valid unt il t he t ime of it s expirat ion.) ` Ali rode t he camel of Allah's Messenger named Al-` Adba' unt il he caught up wit h Abu Bakr in rout e. When Abu Bakr saw him he said, ` Are you here as a commander or a follower.' ` Ali replied, ` A follower.' They cont inued on. Abu Bakr lead t he people in Haj j while t he Arabs were camping in t heir normal locat ions from Jahiliyyah. On t he day of Sacrifice, ` Ali bin Abi Talib st ood and proclaimed, ` O people! No disbeliever will be admit t ed int o Paradise, no idolat or will be permit t ed t o perform Haj j next year, t here shall be no Tawaf while naked,

and whoever has a covenant wit h Allah's Messenger , t hen it shall be valid unt il it s t ime of expirat ion.' So no idolat or performed Haj j aft er t hat year, Tawaf around t he House while naked ceased. Then t hey ret urned t o Allah's Messenger . So t his was t he declarat ion of innocence, whoever among t he idolat ors had no t reat y, t hen he had a t reat y of peace for one year, if he had a part icular t reat y, t hen it was valid unt il it s dat e of expirat ion.''

∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ダボ⊥ レ∠Α ∇ユャ∠ ｚユを⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユぁゎギ∠ヰ⇒∠ハ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲぁヨゎ͡ ほ∠プ∠ や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヰ͡ ⇒∠ヌΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ギｚ ョ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ヰハ ∠ (4. Except t hose of t he Mushrikin wit h whom you have a t reat y, and who have not subsequent ly failed you in aught , nor have support ed anyone against you. So fulf ill t heir t reat y for t hem unt il t he end of t heir t erm. Surely, Allah loves t hose who have Taqwa.)

Existing Peace Treaties remained valid until the End of Their Term This is an except ion regulat ing t he longest ext ent of t ime for t hose who have a general t reat y wit h out t ime ment ioned - t o four mont hs. They would have four mont hs t o t ravel t he lands in search of sanct uary for t hemselves wherever t hey wish. Those whose t reat y ment ioned a specifec limit ed t erm, t hen t he longest it would ext end was t o t he point of it s agreed upon t erminat ion dat e. Hadit hs in t his regard preceeded. So anyone who had a t reat y wit h Allah's Messenger , it last ed unt il it s specific t erminat ion dat e. However, t hose in t his cat egory were required t o refrain from breaking t he t erms of t he agreement wit h Muslims and from helping non-Muslims against Muslims. This is t he t ype whose peace agreement wit h Muslims was carried out t o it s end. Allah encouraged honoring such peace t reat ies, saying,

び∠リΒ͡ボわｚヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, Allah loves t hose who have Taqwa) ぴ9:4び, who keep t heir promises.

∠リΒ͡ミ͡ゲ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プ ュ⊥ ゲ⊥ エ ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇セΕ ∠や オ ∠ ヤ∠ジ ∠ ルや や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ ∇やヱ⊥ギバ⊥ ∇ホや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ ∇ェや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎぁ ギ∠ィヱ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ ゎ∠ や￢∠ヱ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ ラ͡みプ∠ ギ∃ タ ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠Β͡らシ ∠ ∇やヲぁヤガ ∠ プ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや (5. So when t he Sacred Mont hs have passed, t hen fight t he Mushrikin wherever you find t hem, and capt ure t hem and besiege t hem, and lie in wait for t hem in each and every ambush. But if

t hey repent and perform t he Salah, and give t he Zakah, t hen leave t heir way free. Verily, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

This is the Ayah of the Sword Muj ahid, ` Amr bin Shu` ayb, Muhammad bin Ishaq, Qat adah, As-Suddi and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said t hat t he four mont hs ment ioned in t his Ayah are t he four-mont h grace period ment ioned in t he earlier Ayah,

び∃ゲヰ⊥ ∇セぺ∠ る∠ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥エΒ͡ジプ∠ ぴ (So t ravel freely for four mont hs t hroughout t he land.) Allah said next ,

び⊥ュゲ⊥ エ ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇セΕ ∠ やオ ∠ ヤ∠ジ ∠ ルや や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (So when t he Sacred Mont hs have passed...), meaning, ` Upon t he end of t he four mont hs during which We prohibit ed you from fight ing t he idolat ors, and which is t he grace period We gave t hem, t hen fight and kill t he idolat ors wherever you may find t hem.' Allah's st at ement next ,

び∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎぁ ギ∠ィヱ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プぴ (t hen fight t he Mushrikin wherever you find t hem), means, on t he eart h in general, except for t he Sacred Area, for Allah said,

∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ⇒∠ホ ラ͡みプ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ (And fight not wit h t hem at Al-Masj id Al-Haram, unless t hey fight you t here. But if t hey at t ack you, t hen fight t hem. )ぴ2:191び Allah said here,

び∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and capt ure t hem), execut ing some and keeping some as prisoners,

び∃ギタ ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギバ⊥ ∇ホや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ ∇ェや∠ヱぴ (and besiege t hem, and lie in wait for t hem in each and every ambush), do not wait unt il you find t hem. Rat her, seek and besiege t hem in t heir areas and fort s, gat her int elligence about t hem in t he various roads and fairways so t hat what is made wide looks ever smaller t o t hem. This way, t hey will have no choice, but t o die or embrace Islam,

∇やヲぁヤガ ∠ プ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ ゎ∠ や￢∠ヱ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠Β͡らシ ∠ (But if t hey repent and perform t he Salah, and give t he Zakah, t hen leave t heir way free. Verily, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) Abu Bakr As-Siddiq used t his and ot her honorable Ayat as proof for fight ing t hose who refrained from paying t he Zakah. These Ayat allowed fight ing people unless, and unt il, t hey embrace Islam and implement it s rulings and obligat ions. Allah ment ioned t he most import ant aspect s of Islam here, including what is less import ant . Surely, t he highest element s of Islam aft er t he Two Test imonials, are t he prayer, which is t he right of Allah, t he Exalt ed and Ever High, t hen t he Zakah, which benefit s t he poor and needy. These are t he most honorable act s t hat creat ures perform, and t his is why Allah oft en ment ions t he prayer and Zakah t oget her. In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヴわｚェ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや モ ∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ホぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥» り∠ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ や⇔ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ «りゅ∠ミゴｚ ャや やヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ (I have been commanded t o fight t he people unt il t hey t est ify t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah and t hat Muhammad is t he Messenger of Allah, est ablish t he prayer and pay t he Zakah.) This honorable Ayah (9:5) was called t he Ayah of t he Sword, about which AdDahhak bin Muzahim said, "It abrogat ed every agreement of peace bet ween t he Prophet and any idolat or, every t reat y, and every t erm.'' Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed: "No idolat or had any more t reat y or promise of safet y ever since Surah Bara'ah was revealed. The four mont hs, in addit ion t o, all peace t reat ies conduct ed before Bara'ah was revealed and announced had ended by t he t ent h of t he mont h of Rabi` Al-Akhir.''

ヴｚわェ ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ゲィ ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ Ι ｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ョ∠ ∇ほョ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ピヤ͡∇よぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ュ∠ Κ ∠ ミ∠ ノ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α (6. And if anyone of t he Mushrikin seeks your prot ect ion t hen grant him prot ect ion so t hat he may hear t he Word of Allah (t he Qur'an) and t hen escort him t o where he can be secure, t hat is because t hey are men who know not .)

Idolators are granted Safe Passage if They seek It Allah said t o His Prophet , peace be upon him,

び∠リΒ͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And if anyone of t he Mushrikin), whom you were commanded t o fight and We allowed you t heir blood and propert y,'

び∠ポ∠ケゅ∠イ∠わ∇シやぴ (seeks your prot ect ion), asked you for safe passage, t hen accept his request unt il he hears t he Words of Allah, t he Qur'an. Recit e t he Qur'an t o him and ment ion a good part of t he religion wit h which you est ablish Allah's proof against him,

び⊥ヮレ∠ ョ∠ ∇ほョ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ピヤ͡∇よぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and t hen escort him t o where he can be secure) and safe, unt il he goes back t o his land, his home, and area of safet y,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (t hat is because t hey are men who know not .) The Ayah says, ` We legislat ed giving such people safe passage so t hat t hey may learn about t he religion of Allah, so t hat Allah's call will spread among His servant s. Ibn Abi Naj ih narrat ed t hat Muj ahid said t hat t his Ayah, "Refers t o someone who comes t o you t o hear what you say and what was revealed t o you (O Muhammad). Therefore, he is safe unt il he comes t o you, hears Allah's Words and t hen proceeds t o t he safe area where he came from.'' The Messenger of Allah used t o t hereaft er grant safe passage t o t hose who came t o him for guidance or t o deliver a message. On t he day of Hudaybiyyah, several emissaries from Quraysh came t o him, such as ` Urwah bin Mas` ud, Mikraz bin Hafs, Suhayl bin ` Amr and several ot hers. They came mediat ing bet ween him and t he Quraysh pagans. They wit nessed t he great respect t he Muslims had for t he Prophet , which ast onished t hem, for t hey never before saw such respect for anyone, kings nor czars. They went back t o t heir people and conveyed t his news t o t hem; t his, among ot her reasons, was one reason t hat most of t hem accept ed t he guidance. When Musaylimah t he Liar sent an emissary t o t he Messenger of Allah, he asked him, "Do you t est ify t hat Musaylimah is a messenger from Allah'' He said, "Yes.'' The Messenger of Allah said,

«マ∠ボレ⊥ ハ ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇よゲ∠ ツ ∠ ャ∠ モ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ボゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ モ ∠シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ∇ヲャ∠» (I would have cut off your head, if it was not t hat emissaries are not killed.) That man, Ibn AnNawwahah, was lat er beheaded when ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud was t he governor of Al-Kufah. When it became known t hat he st ill t est ified t hat Musaylimah was a messenger from Allah, Ibn Mas` ud summoned him and said t o him, "You are not delivering a message now!'' He commanded t hat Ibn An-Nawwahah be decapit at ed, may Allah curse him and deprive him of His mercy. In summary, t hose who come from a land at war wit h Muslims t o t he area of Islam, delivering a message, for business t ransact ions, t o negot iat e a peace t reat y, t o pay t he Jizyah, t o offer an end t o host ilit ies, and so fort h, and request safe passage from Muslim leaders or t heir deput ies, should be grant ed safe passage, as long as t hey remain in Muslim areas, unt il t hey go back t o t heir land and sanct uary.

ギ∠ レ͡ハヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∀ギ∇ヰ∠ハ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ハ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠ボわ∠ ∇シや び (7. How can t here be a covenant wit h Allah and wit h His Messenger for t he Mushrikin except t hose wit h whom you made a covenant near Al-Masj id Al-Haram (at Makkah) So long as t hey are t rue t o you, st and you t rue t o t hem. Verily, Allah loves t hose who have Taqwa.)

Affirming the Disavowel of the Idolators Allah ment ions t he wisdom in dissolving all obligat ions t o t he idolat ors and giving t hem a four mont h period of safet y, aft er which t hey will meet t he sharp sword wherever t hey are found,

び∀ギ∇ヰハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ぴ (How can t here be a covenant for t he Mushrikin), a safe resort and refuge, while t hey persist in Shirk wit h Allah, and disbelief in Him and His Messenger,

び͡ュや∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ハ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except t hose wit h whom you made a covenant near Al-Masj id Al-Haram), on t he day of Hudaybiyyah. Allah said in anot her Ayah ぴconcerning t he day of Hudaybiyyahび,

ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱぁギタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ぴ び⊥ヮヤｚエ ͡ ョ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ラぺ∠ ゅ⇔プヲ⊥ム∇バョ∠ ン ∠ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (They are t he ones who disbelieved and hindered you from Al-Masj id Al-Haram and det ained t he sacrificial animals, from reaching t heir place of sacrifice.) ぴ48:25び Allah said next ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠ボわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (So long as t hey are t rue t o you, st and you t rue t o t hem.), if t hey keep t he t erms of t he t reat ies you conduct ed wit h t hem, including peace bet ween you and t hem for t en years,

び∠リΒ͡ボわｚヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ (t hen st and you t rue t o t hem. Verily, Allah loves t hose who have Taqwa.) The Messenger of Allah and t he Muslims preserved t he t erms of t he t reat y wit h t he people of Makkah from t he mont h of Dhul-Qa` dah in t he sixt h year ぴof Hij rahび, unt il t he Quraysh broke it and helped t heir allies, Banu Bakr, against Khuza` ah, t he allies of Allah's Messenger . Aided by t he Quraysh, Banu Bakr killed some of Bani Khuza` ah in t he Sacred Area! The Messenger of Allah led an invasion army in t he mont h of Ramadan, of t he eight h year, and Allah opened t he Sacred Area for him t o rule over t hem, all t hanks are due t o Allah. The Messenger of Allah freed t he Quraysh who embraced Islam aft er t hey were overpowered and defeat ed. These numbered around t wo t housands, and t hey were refered t o by t he name ` Tulaqa' aft erwards. Those among t hem who remained in disbelief and ran away from Allah's Messenger were sent promises of safe refuge for four mont hs, during which t hey were allowed t o move about freely. They included Safwan bin Umayyah, ` Ikrimah bin Abi Jahl and many ot hers. Allah lat er on guided t hem t o Islam, and t hey became excellent believers. Surely, Allah is wort hy of all praise for all His act ions and decrees.

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ６ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥らホ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ やヱ⊥ゲヰ∠ ∇ヌΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠よ∇ほゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ∠ ∇プほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ムル∠ ヲ⊥ッ∇ゲΑ⊥ る⇔ ョｚ ク͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠プ (8. How When if you are overpowered by t hem, t hey regard not t he t ies, eit her of kinship, (Ill) or of covenant (Dhimmah) Wit h t heir mout hs t hey please you, but t heir heart s are averse t o you, and most of t hem are rebellious.)

Allah encourages the believers to show enmity to the idolators and to dissociate from them, affirming that they do not deserve to enjoy a covenant of peace, because of their Shirk in Allah and disbelief in Allah's Messenger . If t hese disbelievers have a chance t o defeat Muslims, t hey will cause great mischief, leave not hing unharmed, disregard t he t ies of kinship and t he sanct it y of t heir vows. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah, ` Ikrimah and Al-` Awfi narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Ill means kinship, while, Dhimmah means covenant .'' Ad-Dahhak and As-Suddi said similarly.

ヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヱぁギダ ∠ プ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ゅ⇔レヨ∠ を∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ わ∠ ∇セやぴ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らホ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ べ∠シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ラ͡みプ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚ ク͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ６ ま͡ リ ∃ ョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥

∇ユム⊥ ル⊥ や∠ヲ∇カみ͡プ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ ゎ∠ や￢∠ヱ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘやモ ⊥ あダヘ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ リ ͡ Αあギャや ヶ͡プ (9. They have purchased wit h t he Ayat of Allah a lit t le gain, and t hey hindered men from His way; evil indeed is t hat which t hey used t o do.) (10. Wit h regard t o a believer, t hey respect not t he t ies, eit her of kinship or of covenant ! It is t hey who are t he t ransgressors.) (11. But if t hey repent , perform t he Salah and give t he Zakah, t hen t hey are your bret hren in religion. (In t his way) We explain t he Ayat in det ail for a people who know.) Allah admonishes t he idolat ors and encourages t he believers t o fight against t hem because,

び⇔ΚΒ͡ヤホ∠ ゅ⇔レヨ∠ を∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ わ∠ ∇セやぴ (They have purchased wit h t he Ayat of Allah a lit t le gain,) idolat ors exchanged following t he Ayat of Allah wit h t he lower affairs of life t hat t hey indulged in,

び͡ヮ͡ヤΒ͡ら∠シ リ∠ハ ∇やヱぁギダ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and t hey hindered men from His way), t rying t o prevent t he believers from following t he t rut h,

リ ∃ ョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らホ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∠Κ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ べ∠シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ び⇔るョｚ ク͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ６ ま͡ (evil indeed is t hat which t hey used t o do. Wit h regard t o a believer, t hey respect not t he t ies, eit her of kinship or of covenant !) ぴ9:9-10び. We explained t hese meanings before, as well as, t he meaning of,

び∠りヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (But if t hey repent , perform t he Salah...)

ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レバ∠ デ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヰハ ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥んム∠ ルｚ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや る∠ ヨｚ も͡ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ Α͡キ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レ∠Α

(12. But if t hey violat e t heir oat hs aft er t heir covenant , and at t ack your religion wit h disapproval and crit icism, t hen fight (you) against t he leaders of disbelief -- for surely, t heir oat hs are not hing t o t hem -- so t hat t hey may st op (evil act ions).)

The Oaths of the Leaders of Disbelief mean nothing to Them Allah says, if t he idolat ors wit h whom you conduct ed peace t reat ies for an appoint ed t erm break

び∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ぴ (t heir oat hs) meaning, t erms of t heir t reat ies, and covenant s

び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ Α͡キ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レバ∠ デ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and at t ack your religion...) wit h disapproval and crit icism, it is because of t his t hat one who curses t he Messenger, peace be upon him, or at t acks t he religion of Islam by way of crit icism and disapproval, t hey are t o be fought . This is why Allah said aft erwards,

∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや る∠ ヨｚ も͡ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボプ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レ∠Α (t hen fight (you) against t he leaders of disbelief -- for surely, t heir oat hs are not hing t o t hem -so t hat t hey may st op.) so t hat t hey may refrain from t he disbelief, rebellion and t he t ransgression t hey indulge in. Qat adah and ot hers said t hat t he leaders of disbelief were Abu Jahl, ` Ut bah and Shaybah, Umayyah bin Khalaf, and he went on t o ment ion several ot hers. AlA` mash narrat ed from Zayd bin Wahb from Hudhayfah; "The people of t his Ayah were never fought again.'' A similar st at ement was report ed from ` Ali bin Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased wit h him. However, t his Ayah is general, even t hough t he specific reason behind revealing it was t he idolat ors of Quraysh. So t his Ayah generally applies t o t hem and ot hers as well, Allah knows best . Al-Walid bin Muslim said t hat Safwan bin ` Amr narrat ed t hat ` Abdur-Rahman bin Jubayr bin Nufayr said t hat when Abu Bakr sent an army t o Ash-Sham, he advised t hem, "You will find some people wit h shaved heads. Therefore, st rike t he swords upon t he part s t hat cont ain t he devil, for by Allah, it is bet t er t o me t o kill one of t hese people t han t o kill sevent y ot her men. This is because Allah said,

び͡ゲ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや る∠ ヨｚ も͡ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボプ∠ ぴ (t hen fight (you) against t he leaders of disbelief.)'' Ibn Abi Hat im collect ed it .

ァ ͡ や∠ゲ∇カみ͡よ͡ ∇やヲぁヨワ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥んム∠ ルｚ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャゅ∠プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ぺ∠ り∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱ⊥￢ギ∠ よ∠ ユ⊥ワヱ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ぽ⊥ ョぁ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ロ⊥ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ペ ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲダ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゴ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Α∠ほ͡よ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇よあグバ∠ Α⊥ ナ ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ょワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ケ∠ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ブ ͡ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ び ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ (13. Will you not fight a people who have violat ed t heir oat hs and int ended t o expel t he Messenger while t hey did at t ack you first Do you fear t hem Allah has more right t hat you should fear Him if you are believers.) (14. Fight against t hem so t hat Allah will punish t hem by your hands, and disgrace t hem and give you vict ory over t hem, and heal t he breast s of a believing people,) (15. And remove t he anger of t heir (believers') heart s. Allah accept s t he repent ance of whom He wills. Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.)

Encouragement to fight the Disbelievers, and some Benefits of fighting Them These Ayat encourage, direct and recommend fight ing against t he idolat ors who break t he t erms of t heir covenant s, t hose who t ried t o expel t he Messenger from Makkah. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥わら͡ ∇んΒ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ よ͡ ゲ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ャや (And (remember) when t he disbelievers plot t ed against you t o imprison you, or t o kill you, or t o expell you; t hey were plot t ing and Allah t oo was plot t ing; and Allah is t he best of t hose who plot .) ぴ8:30び,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚΑま͡ヱ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ (...and have driven out t he Messenger and yourselves (from your homeland) because you believe in Allah your Lord!) ぴ60:1び, and,

ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガΒ⊥ ャ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ヱぁゴヘ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ (And verily, t hey were about t o fright en you so much as t o drive you out from t he land.) ぴ17:76び Allah's st at ement ,

び∃りゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱ⊥￢ギ∠ よ∠ ユ⊥ワヱ∠ ぴ (while t hey did at t ack you first ), refers t o t he bat t le of Badr when t he idolat ors marched t o prot ect t heir caravan. When t hey knew t hat t heir caravan escaped safely, t hey st ill went ahead wit h t heir int ent t o fight Muslims out of arrogance, as we ment ioned before. It was also said t hat t hese Ayat refer t o t he idolat ors breaking t he peace agreement wit h Muslims and aiding Bani Bakr, t heir allies, against Khuza` ah, t he ally of t he Messenger of Allah . This is why t he Messenger of Allah marched t o Makkah in t he year of t he vict ory, t hus conquering it , all t hanks and praise is due t o Allah. Allah said,

ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ロ⊥ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ペ ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャゅ∠プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ぽ⊥ ョぁ (Do you fear t hem Allah has more right t hat you should fear Him if you are believers.) Allah says here, ` Do not fear idolat ors, but fear Me inst ead, for I am wort hy of being feared by t he servant s due t o My might and punishment . In My Hand lies t he mat t er; what ever I will occurs, and what ever I do not will does not occur.' Allah next said, while ordering t he believers and explaining t he wisdom of ordaining Jihad against t hem, all t he while able t o dest roy t heir enemies wit h a command from Him,

∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲダ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゴ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Αほ∠よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇よあグバ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ホぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ケ∠ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ブ ͡ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (Fight against t hem so t hat Allah will punish t hem by your hands, and disgrace t hem and give you vict ory over t hem, and heal t he breast s of a believing people.) This Ayah includes all believers, even t hough Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah and As-Suddi said t hat it refers t o Khuza` ah. Concerning t he believers, Allah said;

び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ナ ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ょワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and remove t he anger of t heir heart s), t hen

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Allah accept s t he repent ance of whom He wills), from His servant s,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (Allah is All-Knowing), in what benefit s His servant s,

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ぴ (All-Wise), in His act ions and st at ement s, whet her narrat ive or legislat ive. Allah does what He wills, decides what He wills, and He is t he Just Who never wrongs any. Not even t he weight of an at om of good or evil is ever neglect ed wit h Him, but rat her, He compensat es for it in t his life and t he Hereaft er.

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ͡ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ミ∠ゲ∇わゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠Α ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ る⇔ イ ∠ Β͡ャヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ (16. Do you t hink t hat you shall be left alone while Allah has not yet t est ed t hose among you who have st riven hard and fought , and have not t aken Walij ah besides Allah and His Messenger, and t he believers. Allah is well-acquaint ed wit h what you do.)

Among the Wisdom of Jihad is to test the Muslims Allah said,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Do you t hink), O believers t hat We will leave you unt est ed wit h mat t ers t hat make apparent t hose who have pure, good int ent from t hose who have false int ent This is why Allah said next ,

∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠Α ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ͡ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び⇔るイ ∠ Β͡ャヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ (while Allah has not yet t est ed t hose among you who have st riven hard and fought and have not t aken Walij ah besides Allah and His Messenger, and t he believers...), meaning, support ers and confidant s. Rat her, t hey are sincere for Allah and His Messenger inwardly and out wardly. Allah also said;

-リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ユャやぴ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ (Alif-Lam-Mim. Do people t hink t hat t hey will be left alone because t hey say: "We believe,'' and will not be t est ed. And We indeed t est ed t hose who were before t hem. And Allah will cert ainly make known t hose who are t rue, and will cert ainly make known t hose who are liars...) ぴ29:1-3び,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ͡ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィ (Do you t hink t hat you will ent er Paradise before Allah t est s t hose of you who fought (in His cause) and (also) t est s t hose who are pat ient )ぴ3: 142び, and,

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ケ∠ グ∠ Β∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚョぴ び͡ょΒあ ト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゑ ∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ∠ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ (Allah will not leave t he believers in t he st at e in which you are now, unt il He dist inguishes t he wicked from t he good)ぴ3:179び. In summary, since Allah legislat ed Jihad for His servant s, He explained t hat t he wisdom behind doing so includes t est ing His servant s, dist inguishing bet ween t hose who obey Him and t hose who disobey Him. Allah, t he Exalt ed, is t he All-Knower of what occurred, what will occur, and t he t rue essence of what might occur had He decided it . Therefore, Allah knows everyt hing before it occurs and how it will occur, t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Him, nor a Lord except Him. Truly, t here is none who can avert Allah's j udgment and decision.

ぶや ギ∠ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ジョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヨ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ ∇ろト ∠ ら͡ ェ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ͡ヰジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒∠セ ゲ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ イ ͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ヴ∠ジバ∠ プ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ズ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ヴ∠ゎや￢∠ヱ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや びリ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ (17. It is not for t he Mushrikin, t o maint ain t he Masj ids of Allah, while t hey wit ness against t hemselves of disbelief. The works of such are in vain and in Fire shall t hey abide.) (18. The Masj ids of Allah shall be maint ained only by t hose who believe in Allah and t he Last Day; perform t he Salah, and give Zakah and fear none but Allah. It is t hey who are on t rue guidance.)

It is not for Idolators to maintain the Masjids of Allah Allah says t hat it is not fit t ing t hat t hose who associat e ot hers wit h Allah in worship should maint ain t he Masj ids of Allah t hat were built in His Name alone wit hout part ners. Those who read t he Ayah, "Masj id Allah'', said t hat it refers t o Al-Masj id Al-Haram, t he most honored Masj id on t he eart h, which was built , from t he first day, for t he purpose of worshipping Allah alone wit hout part ners. It was built by Khalil Ar-Rahman (t he Prophet Ibrahim) peace be upon him. The idolat ors do t his while t hey t hemselves t est ify t o t heir disbelief wit h t heir st at ement s and act ions. As-Suddi said, "If you ask a Christ ian, ` What is your religion', He will t ell you he is a Christ ian. If you ask a Jew about his religion, he will say he is a Jew, and t he same for a Sabi' and a Mushrik!'''

び∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ろト ∠ ら͡ ェ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (The works of such are in vain), because of t heir Shirk,

び∠ラヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ (and in Fire shall t hey abide.) Allah said in anot her Ayah,

リ ͡ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ よ∠ あグバ∠ Α⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ロ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや (And why should not Allah punish t hem while t hey hinder (men) from Al-Masj id Al-Haram, and t hey are not it s guardians None can be it s guardians except t hose wit h Taqwa, but most of t hem know not .)ぴ8:34び.

Believers are the True Maintainers of the Masjids Allah said,

ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ イ ͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ゲ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ び͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘや (The Masj ids of Allah shall be maint ained only by t hose who believe in Allah and t he Last Day.) Therefore, Allah t est ifies t o t he fait h of t hose who maint ain t he Masj ids. ` Abdur-Razzaq narrat ed t hat ` Amr bin Maymun Al-Awdi said, "I met t he Companions of t he Prophet and t hey were saying, ` The Masj ids are t he Houses of Allah on t he eart h. It is a promise from Allah t hat He is generous t o t hose who visit Him in t he Masj ids.,'' Allah said next ,

び∠りヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ュ∠ ゅ∠ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (perform t he Salah), one of t he maj or act s of worship pract iced by t he body,

び∠りヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ヴ∠ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (and give t he Zakah), which is t he best act t hat benefit s ot her people,

び∠ヮヤｚャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ズ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and fear none but Allah), t hey fear only Allah, t he Exalt ed, and none else,

び∠リΑ͡ギわ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヴ∠ジバ∠ プ∠ ぴ (It is t hey who are on t rue guidance.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about Allah's st at ement ,

ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ イ ͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ゲ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ び͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘや (The Masj ids of Allah shall be maint ained only by t hose who believe in Allah and t he Last Day;) "He who singles out Allah (in worship), has fait h in t he Last Day.'' ぴAnd he saidび; "He who believes in what Allah has revealed,

び∠りヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ュ∠ ゅ∠ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (perform t he Salah), est ablishes t he five daily prayers,

び∠ヮヤｚャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ズ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and fear none but Allah.), worships Allah alone,

び∠リΑ͡ギわ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヴ∠ジバ∠ プ∠ ぴ (it may be t hey who are on t rue guidance.) Allah says, ` It is t hey who are t he successful ones in t rut h.' Similarly, Allah said t o His Prophet ,

びや⇔キヲ⊥ヨ∇エョｚ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ マ ∠ ん∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ぴ (It may be t hat your Lord will raise you t o Maqam Mahmud)ぴ17:79び. Allah says here, ` Your Lord (O Muhammad) shall grant you a st at ion of praise, t hat is, t he int ercession (on t he Day of Resurrect ion).' Every ` might ' in t he Qur'an means ` shall'.''

ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや り∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヨハ ͡ ヱ∠ ァ あ ゅ∠エ∇ャや る∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ボシ ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ギ∠ ヰ∠ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リヨ∠ ミ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∠ラヱ⊥ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲィ ∠ ゅ∠ワヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ る⇔ ィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ ユ⊥ ヌ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ユ⊥ヰよぁ ケ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ あゼら∠ Α⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴも͡ ゅ∠ヘ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや

∀ユΒ͡ボョぁ ∀ユΒ͡バル∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∃ ヲ∠ ∇ッケ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ び ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ (19. Do you consider t he providing of drinking wat er t o t he pilgrims and t he maint enance of AlMasj id Al-Haram as equal t o t he wort h of t hose who believe in Allah and t he Last Day, and st rive hard and fight in t he cause of Allah They are not equal before Allah. And Allah guides not t hose people who are t he wrongdoers.) (20. Those who believed and emigrat ed and st rove hard and fought in Allah's cause wit h t heir wealt h and t heir lives, are far higher in degree wit h Allah. They are t he successful.) (21. Their Lord gives t hem glad t idings of mercy from Him, and His being pleased (wit h t hem), and of Gardens (Paradise) for t hem wherein are everlast ing delight s.) (22. They will dwell t herein forever. Verily, wit h Allah is a great reward.)

Providing Pilgrims with Water and maintaining the Sacred Masjid are not equal to Faith and Jihad his Tafsir, Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas explained t his Ayah: "The idolat ors said, ` Maint aining Al-Masj id Al-Haram and providing wat er for pilgrims are bet t er t han embracing t he fait h and performing Jihad.' They used t o boast and show off among t he people because t hey claimed, t hey were t he people and maint ainers of Al-Masj id Al-Haram. Allah ment ioned t heir arrogance and rej ect ion (of t he fait h), saying t o ` t he people of Al-Haram', who were idolat ors,

∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ムプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ ヴ͡わ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲイ ⊥ ∇ヰゎ∠ や⇔ゲ͡ヨ⇒∠シ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ダム͡ レ∠ゎ (Indeed My Ayat used t o be recit ed t o you, but you used t o t urn back on your heels (denying t hem, and refusing t o list en t o t hem wit h hat red). In pride, t alking evil about it (t he Qur'an) by night .) ぴ23:66-67び. They used t o boast about being t hose who maint ained t he Sacred Sanct uary,

び⇔やゲ͡ヨ⇒∠シ ヮ͡ よ͡ ぴ (t alking about it by night ). They used t o t alk about t his by night while shunning t he Qur'an and t he Prophet . Allah declared t hat fait h and Jihad wit h t he Prophet are bet t er t han t he idolat ors' maint aining Al-Masj id Al-Haram and providing wat er for pilgrims. These act ions -maint aining and serving Allah's House -- will not benefit t hem wit h Allah because t hey associat e ot hers wit h Him. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∠ラヱ⊥ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや

(They are not equal before Allah. And Allah guides not t hose people who are t he wrongdoers.) t hose who claimed t hey are t he maint ainers of t he House. Allah described t hem wit h inj ust ice, on account of t heir Shirk, and t hus, t heir maint aining t he Masj id will not avail t hem.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "This Ayah was revealed about Al-` Abbas bin ` AbdulMut t alib, for when he was capt ured in t he bat t le of Badr, he said, ` If you rushed before us t o embrace Islam, perform Hij rah and Jihad, we were maint aining Al-Masj id Al-Haram, providing wat er for t he pilgrims and set t ing t he indebt ed free.' Allah, t he Exalt ed and Ever High, said,

びあァゅ∠エ∇ャや る∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ボシ ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Do you consider t he providing of drinking wat er t o t he pilgrims), unt il,

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (and Allah guides not t hose people who are t he wrongdoers). Allah says, ` All t hese act ions were performed while commit t ing Shirk, and I do not accept t he (good deeds) t hat are performed while in a st at e of Shirk.''' Ad-Dahhak bin Muzahim said, "Muslims came t o Al-` Abbas and his friends who were capt ured during t he bat t le of Badr and admonished t hem for t heir Shirk. Al-` Abbas said, ` By Allah! We used t o maint ain Al-Masj id Al-Haram, release t he indebt ed, serve t he House (or cover it , or maint ain it ) and provide wat er for pilgrims.' Allah revealed t his verse,

びあァゅ∠エ∇ャや る∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ボシ ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Do you consider t he providing of drinking wat er t o t he pilgrims...)''' There is a Hadit h ぴfrom t he Prophet び about t he Tafsir of t his Ayah t hat we should ment ion. ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat An-Nu` man bin Bashir said t hat a man said, "I do not care if I do not perform an act ion aft er embracing Islam ot her t han providing drinking wat er for pilgrims ぴwho visit t he Ka` bah at Makkahび.'' Anot her man said, "I do not care if I do not perform an act ion aft er embracing Islam ot her t han maint aining Al-Masj id Al-Haram.'' A t hird man said, "Jihad in t he cause of Allah is more right eous t han what you have said.'' ` Umar admonished t hem, "Do not raise your voices next t o t he Minbar of t he Messenger of Allah,'' and as it was a Friday, he said, "but aft er we pray t he Friday prayer, we will go t o t he Prophet and ask him.'' This verse was revealed,

び͡ュや∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや り∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヨハ ͡ ヱ∠ ァ あ ゅ∠エ∇ャや る∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ボシ ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Do you consider t he providing of drinking wat er t o t he pilgrims and t he maint enance of AlMasj id Al-Haram), unt il,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∠ラヱ⊥ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ (They are not equal before Allah. )

∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ リ∠ョヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲぁらエ ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ラ ͡ ま͡ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ゲ∠ Β͡ゼハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ル⊥ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや∠￢ ゅ∠ワキ∠ ゅ∠ジミ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ∀り∠ゲ⇒∠イ͡ゎ∠ヱ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇プゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホや メ ∀ ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヰ∠ル∇ヲ∠ッ∇ゲ∠ゎ リ ⊥ ム͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ダよｚ ゲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ∃キゅ∠ヰ͡ィ∠ヱ びリ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (23. O you who believe! Take not as support ers your fat hers and your brot hers if t hey prefer disbelief t o belief. And whoever of you befriends t hem, t hen he is one of t he wrongdoers.) (24. Say: If your fat hers, your sons, your brot hers, your spouses, your kindred, t he wealt h t hat you have gained, t he commerce in which you fear a decline, and t he dwellings in which you delight are dearer t o you t han Allah and His Messenger, and st riving hard and fight ing in His cause, t hen wait unt il Allah brings about His decision (t orment ). And Allah guides not t he people who are rebellious.)

The Prohibition of taking the Idolators as Supporters, even with Relatives Allah commands shunning t he disbelievers, even if t hey are one's parent s or children, and prohibit s t aking t hem as support ers if t hey choose disbelief inst ead of fait h. Allah warns,

ラ ∠ ヱぁキへ∠ヲΑ⊥ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ギ⊥ イ ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ｚぴ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや キｚ べ∠ェ ∇リョ∠ ヴ͡プ ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ゲ∠ Β͡ゼハ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ゥ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲよ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ Αｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ び⊥ゲ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠

i(You will not find any people who believe in Allah and t he Last Day, making friendship wit h t hose who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even t hough t hey were t heir fat hers or t heir sons or t heir brot hers or t heir kindred (people). For such He has writ t en (predet ermined) fait h in t heir heart s, and st rengt hened t hem wit h a Ruh (proof, light and t rue guidance) from Himself. And He will admit t hem t o Gardens (Paradise) under which rivers flow.) ぴ58:22び Al-Hafiz Al-Bayhaqi recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Shawdhab said, "The fat her of Abu ` Ubaydah bin Al-Jarrah was repeat edly praising t he idols t o his son on t he day of Badr, and Abu ` Ubaydah kept avoiding him. When Al-Jarrah persist ed, his son Abu ` Ubaydah headed t owards him and killed him. Allah revealed t his Ayah in his case,

ラ ∠ ヱぁキへ∠ヲΑ⊥ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ギ⊥ イ ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ｚぴ び⊥ヮャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや キｚ べ∠ェ ∇リョ∠ (You will not find any people who believe in Allah and t he Last Day, making friendship wit h t hose who oppose Allah and His Messenger.'')ぴ58:22び Allah commanded His Messenger t o warn t hose who prefer t heir family, relat ives or t ribe t o Allah, His Messenger and Jihad in His cause,

∇ユム⊥ ル⊥ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや∠￢ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇プゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホや メ ∀ ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ゲ∠ Β͡ゼハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ (Say: If your fat hers, your sons, your brot hers, your wives, your kindred, t he wealt h t hat you have gained), amassed and collect ed,

びべ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヲッ ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ リ ⊥ ム͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワキ∠ ゅ∠ジミ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ∀りゲ∠ ⇒∠イゎ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (t he commerce in which you fear a decline, and t he dwellings in which you delight ), and prefer and love because t hey are comfort able and good. If all t hese t hings,

ヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ∃キゅ∠ヰ͡ィ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び∇やヲ⊥ダよｚ ゲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ (are dearer t o you t han Allah and His Messenger, and st riving hard and fight ing in His cause, t hen wait ...) for what will befall you of Allah's punishment and t orment ,

ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ び∠リΒ͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや (unt il Allah brings about His decision. And Allah guides not t he people who are rebellious.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Zuhrah bin Ma` bad said t hat his grandfat her said, "We were wit h

t he Messenger of Allah , while he was holding t he hand of ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab. ` Umar said, ` By Allah! You, O Messenger of Allah, are dearer t o me t han everyt hing, except for myself.' The Messenger of Allah said,

∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» «ヮ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ (None among you will at t ain fait h unt il I become dearer t o him t han even himself.) ` Umar said, ` Verily, now, you are dearer t o me t han myself, by Allah!' The Messenger of Allah said,

«ゲ∠ヨハ ⊥ ゅ∠Α ラ ∠ べ∇ャや» (Now, O ` Umar!)'' Al-Bukhari also collect ed t his Hadit h. Imam Ahmad and Abu Dawud (t his is t he version of Abu Dawud) recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ッケ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ボ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ル∇クほ∠よ͡ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ る͡ レ∠ Β͡バ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ や∠クま͡ ゅャ∠ ゅ６ャク⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やテ ∠ ヤｚシ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ヰイ ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ネ∇ケゴｚ ャゅ͡よ «ユ⊥ムレ͡ Α͡キ ヴ∠ャま͡ やヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ハ ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇レΑ∠ (If you t ransact in ` Iynah (a t ype of Riba), follow t he t ails of cows (t illing t he land), become cont ent wit h agricult ure and abandoned Jihad, Allah will send on you disgrace t hat He will not remove unt il, you ret urn t o your religion.)''

リ ∃ ∇Βレ∠ ェ ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ リ ∠デ ͡ や∠ヲョ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ル∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ ∇ろホ∠ ゅ∠ッヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ リ ͡ ∇ピゎ⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇んミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇わら∠ イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇クま͡ ｚユを⊥ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲよ͡ ∇ギョぁ ユ⊥わ∇Βャｚ∠ヱ ｚユを⊥ ∇ろら∠ ェ ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ チ ⊥ ∇ケΕ ∠ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ レ∠ Β͡ムシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゆ ∠ グｚ ハ∠ヱ ゅ∠ワ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ や⇔キヲ⊥レィ ⊥ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ヱ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠

(25. Truly, Allah has given you vict ory on many bat t lefields, and on t he day of Hunayn (bat t le) when you rej oiced at your great number, but it availed you naught and t he eart h, vast as it is, was st rait ened for you, t hen you t urned back in flight ). (26. Then Allah did send down His Sakinah (t ranquillit y) on His Messenger, and on t he believers, and sent down forces (angels) which you saw not , and punished t he disbelievers. Such is t he recompense of disbelievers). (27. Then aft er t hat Allah will accept t he repent ance of whom He wills. And Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

The Outcome of Victory by Way of the Unseen Aid Ibn Jurayj report ed from Muj ahid t hat t his was t he first Ayah of Bara'ah in which Allah, t he Exalt ed, reminds t he believers how He favored and blessed t hem by giving t hem vict ory in many bat t les wit h His Messenger . Allah ment ioned t hat vict ory comes from Him, by His aid and decree, not because of t heir numbers or adequat e supplies, whet her t he t riumphs are few or many. On t he day of Hunayn, t he Muslims were proud because of t heir large number, which did not avail t hem in t he least ; t hey ret reat ed and fled from bat t le. Only a few of t hem remained wit h t he Messenger of Allah Allah t hen sent down His aid and support t o His Messenger and t he believers who remained wit h him, so t hat t hey were aware t hat vict ory is from Allah alone and t hrough His aid, even if t he vict orious were few. Many a small group overcame a larger opposit ion by Allah's leave, and Allah is ever wit h t hose who are pat ient . We will explain t his subj ect in det ail below, Allah willing.

The Battle of Hunayn The bat t le of Hunayn occurred aft er t he vict ory of Makkah, in t he mont h of Shawwal of t he eight h year of Hij rah. Aft er t he Prophet conquered Makkah and t hings set t led, most of it s people embraced Islam and he set t hem free. News came t o t he Messenger of Allah t hat t he t ribe of Hawazin were gat hering t heir forces t o fight him, under t he command of Malik bin ` Awf An-Nadri, as well as, t he ent ire t ribe of Thaqif, t he t ribes of Banu Jusham, Banu Sa` d bin Bakr, a few people of Awza` from Banu Hilal and some people from Bani ` Amr bin ` Amir and ` Awf bin ` Amir. They brought t heir women, children, sheep and camels along, in addit ion t o t heir armed forces and adequat e supplies. The Messenger of Allah marched t o meet t hem wit h t he army t hat he brought t o conquer Makkah, t en t housand from t he Muhaj irin, t he Ansar and various Arab t ribes. Along wit h t hem came t he Tulaqa' numbering t wo t housand men. The Messenger t ook t hem along t o meet t he enemy. The t wo armies met in Humayn, a valley bet ween Makkah and At -Ta'if. The bat t le st art ed in t he early part of t he morning, when t he Huwazin forces, who were lying in ambush, descended on t he valley when t he Muslims ent ered. Muslims were suddenly st ruck by t he ambush, t he arrows descended on t hem and t he swords st ruck t hem. The Huwazin commander ordered t hem t o descend and at t ack t he Muslims as one block, and when t hey did t hat , t he Muslims ret reat ed in hast e, j ust as Allah described t hem. The Messenger of Allah remained firm in his posit ion while riding his mule, Ash-Shahba'. He was leading his mule t owards t he enemy, while his uncle Al-` Abbas was holding it s right -hand rope and ぴhis cousinび Abu Sufyan bin Al-Harit h bin ` Abdul-Mut t alib was holding t he left rope. They t ried t o hold t he mule back so it would not run fast er t oward t he enemy. Meanwhile, t he Messenger of Allah was declaring his name aloud and saying,

«ぶや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ヶ ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ぶ ͡ や キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ヶ ｚ ャ∠ま͡» (O servant s of Allah! Come back t o me! I am t he Messenger of Allah! He repeat ed t hese words,

«ょ͡ヤト ｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや͡ギ∇らハ ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ .∇ゆグ͡ ミ∠ ゅ∠ャ ヶ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ» (I am t he Prophet , not lying! I am t he son of Abdul-Mut t alib!) There remained bet ween a hundred and eight y Companions wit h t he Prophet . These included Abu Bakr, ` Umar, Al` Abbas, ` Ali, Al-Fadl bin ` Abbas, Abu Sufyan bin Al-Harit h, Ayman t he son of Umm Ayman and Usamah bin Zayd. There were many ot her Companions, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem. The Prophet commanded his uncle Al-` Abbas, whose voice was rat her loud, t o call at t he t op of his voice, "O Companions of t he Samurah ぴt reeび'' referring t o t he Muhaj irin and Ansar who gave t heir pledge under t he t ree during t he pledge of Ridwan, not t o run away and ret reat . He also called, "O Companions of Surat Al-Baqarah.'' Upon hearing t hat , t hose heralded st art ed saying, "Here we are! Here we are!'' Muslims st art ed ret urning in t he direct ion of t he Messenger of Allah . If t he camel of one of t hem did not obey him (as t he people were rushing t o t he ot her direct ion in flight ) he would wear his shield and descend from his camel and rush t o t he side of t he Messenger of Allah on foot . When a large crowd gat hered around t he Messenger of Allah , he commanded t hem t o fight in sincerit y and t ook a handful of sand and t hrew it in t he faces of t he disbelievers, aft er supplicat ing t o Allah,

«ヶ͡レゎ∠ ∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヶ͡ャ ∇ゴイ ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤ∂ャぺ» (O Allah! Fulfill Your promise t o me!) Then he t hrew t hat handful of sand which ent ered t he eyes and mout h of all t he disbelievers, t hus dist ract ing t hem from fight ing, and t hey ret reat ed in defeat . The Muslims pursued t he enemy, killing and capt uring t hem. The rest of t he Muslim army (ret urning t o bat t le gradually) rej oined t heir posit ions and found many capt ured disbelieving soldiers kept t ied before t he Messenger of Allah . In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Shu` bah said t hat Abu Ishaq said t hat Al-Bara' bin ` Azib said t o a man who asked him, "O Abu ` Amarah! Did you run away during Hunayn and leave t he Messenger of Allah '' Al-Bara' said, "But t he Messenger of Allah did not run away. Hawazin was a t ribe proficient wit h t heir arrows. When we met t hem we at t acked t heir forces and t hey ran away in defeat . The Muslims st art ed t o worry about collect ing t he spoils of war and t he Hawazin st art ed shoot ing arrows at us, t hen t he Muslims fled. I saw t he Messenger of Allah proclaiming, -- while Abu Sufyan was holding t he bridle of his whit e mule,

«ょ͡ヤト ｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや͡ギ∇らハ ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ∇ゆグ͡ ミ∠ ゅ∠ャ ヶ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ» (I am t he Prophet , not lying, I am t he son of ` Abdul- Mut t alib!) This shows t he great courage on behalf of t he Prophet in t he midst of confusion, when his army ran away and left him behind. Yet , t he Messenger remained on his mule, which is a slow animal, not suit able for fast bat t le moves or even escape. Yet , t he Messenger of Allah was encouraging his mule t o move forward t owards t he enemy announcing who he was, so t hat t hose among t hem who did not know who he was came t o know him. May Allah's peace and blessings be on t he Messenger unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. This indicat es t he t remendous t rust in Allah and reliance upon Him, as well as, sure knowledge t hat He will give him vict ory, complet e what He has sent him for and give prominence t o his religion above all ot her religions. Allah said,

び͡ヮ͡ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ レ∠ Β͡ムシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then Allah did send down His Sakinah on His Messenger), He sent down t ranquillit y and reassurance t o His Messenger,

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (and on t he believers), who remained wit h him,

びゅ∠ワ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ や⇔キヲ⊥レィ ⊥ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (and sent down forces which you saw not , ) t his refers t o angels. Imam Abu Ja` far bin Jarir ぴAt Tabariび said t hat Al-Qasim narrat ed t o t hem, t hat Al-Hasan bin ` Arafah said t hat Al-Mu` t amir bin Sulayman said from ` Awf bin Abi Jamilah Al-` Arabi who said t hat he heard ` Abdur-Rahman, t he freed slave of Ibn Bart han saying, "A man who part icipat ed in Hunayn wit h t he idolat ors narrat ed t o me, ` When we met t he Messenger of Allah and his Companions on t he day of Hunayn, t hey did not remain in bat t le more t han t he t ime it t akes t o milk a sheep! When we defeat ed t hem, we pursued t hem unt il we ended at t he rider of t he whit e mule, t he Messenger of Allah . At t hat t ime, men wit h whit e handsome faces int ercept ed us and said: ` Disgraced be t he faces! Go back. So we ran away, but t hey followed us. That was t he end for us.''' Allah said,

ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ (Then aft er t hat Allah will accept t he repent ance of whom He wills. And Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) Allah forgave t he rest of Huwazin when t hey embraced Islam and went t o t he Prophet , before he arrived at Makkah in t he Ji` ranah area. This occurred t went y days aft er t he bat t le of Hunayn. The Messenger gave t hem t he choice bet ween t aking t hose who were prisoner or t he war spoils t hey lost , and t hey chose t he former. The Prophet released six t housand prisoners t o t hem, but divided t he war spoils bet ween t he vict ors, such as some of t he Tulaqa', so t hat t heir heart s would be inclined t owards Islam. He gave each of t hem a hundred camels, and t he same t o Malik bin ` Awf An-Nasri whom he appoint ed chief of his people (Huwazin) as he was before. Malik bin ` Awf said a poem in which he praised t he Messenger of Allah for his generosit y and ext raordinary courage.

Κ ∠ プ∠ ザ ∀ イ ∠ ル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ や∠グ⇒ワ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ョ͡ ゅ∠ハ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ュ∠ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ Β͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ る⇔ ヤ∠∇Βハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ホ - ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲあ エ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ Α͡キ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レΑ͡ギΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠

∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ギ∃ Α∠ リ∠ハ る∠ Α∠ ∇ゴイ ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ト∇バΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲピ͡ ⇒∠タ (28. O you who believe! Verily, t he Mushrikin are impure. So let t hem not come near Al-Masj id Al-Haram aft er t his year; and if you fear povert y, Allah will enrich you if He wills, out of His bount y. Surely, Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.) (29. Fight against t hose who believe not in Allah, nor in t he Last Day, nor forbid t hat which has been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, and t hose who acknowledge not t he religion of t rut h among t he People of t he Script ure, unt il t hey pay t he Jizyah wit h willing submission, and feel t hemselves subdued.)

Idolators are no longer allowed into Al-Masjid Al-Haram Allah commands His believing servant s, who are pure in religion and person, t o expel t he idolat ors who are filt hy in t he religious sense, from Al-Masj id Al-Haram. Aft er t he revelat ion of t his Ayah, idolat ors were no longer allowed t o go near t he Masj id. This Ayah was revealed in t he nint h year of Hij rah. The Messenger of Allah sent ` Ali in t he company of Abu Bakr t hat year t o publicize t o t he idolat ors t hat no Mushrik will be allowed t o perform Haj j aft er t hat year, nor a naked person allowed t o perform Tawaf around t he House. Allah complet ed t his decree, made it a legislat ive ruling, as well as, a fact of realit y. ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah comment ed on t he Ayah,

ギ∠ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ザ ∀ イ ∠ ル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユヰ͡ ョ͡ ゅ∠ハ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ュ∠ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや (O you who believe! Verily, t he Mushrikin are impure. So let t hem not come near Al-Masj id AlHaram aft er t his year) "Unless it was a servant or one of t he people of Dhimmah.'' Imam Abu ` Amr Al-Awza'i said, "Umar bin ` Abdul-` Aziz wrot e (t o his governors) t o prevent Jews and Christ ians from ent ering t he Masj ids of Muslims, and he followed his order wit h Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ザイ ∠ ル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he Mushrikin are impure.) ` At a' said, "All of t he Sacred Area ぴt he Haramび is considered a Masj id, for Allah said,

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユヰ͡ ョ͡ ゅ∠ハ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ュ∠ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So let t hem not come near Al-Masj id Al-Haram (at Makkah) aft er t his year.)'' This Ayah indicat es t hat idolat ors are impure and t hat t he believers are pure. In t he Sahih is t he following,

«ザ⊥イ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや» (The believer does not become impure.) Allah said,

び͡ヮヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ Β͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ る⇔ ヤ∠∇Βハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ ͡ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and if you fear povert y, Allah will enrich you, out of His bount y.) Muhammad bin Ishaq comment ed, "The people said, ` Our market s will be closed, our commerce disrupt ed, and what we earned will vanish.' So Allah revealed t his verse,

び͡ヮヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ Β͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ る⇔ ヤ∠∇Βハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ ͡ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and if you fear povert y, Allah will enrich you, out of His bount y), from ot her resources,

び∠￢べ∠セ ラ͡まぴ (if He wills), unt il,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲピ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (. ..and feel t hemselves subdued.) This Ayah means, ` t his will be your compensat ion for t he closed market s t hat you feared would result .' Therefore, Allah compensat ed t hem for t he losses t hey incurred because t hey severed t ies wit h idolat ors, by t he Jizyah t hey earned from t he People of t he Book.'' Similar st at ement s were report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Qat adah and Ad-Dahhak and ot hers. Allah said,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, Allah is All-Knowing), in what benefit s you,

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ぴ (All-Wise), in His orders and prohibit ions, for He is All-Perfect in His act ions and st at ement s, All-Just in His creat ions and decisions, Blessed and Hallowed be He. This is why Allah compensat ed Muslims for t heir losses by t he amount of Jizyah t hat t hey t ook from t he people of Dhimmah.

The Order to fight People of the Scriptures until They give the Jizyah Allah said,

ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ホぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レΑ͡ギΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲあ エ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ト∇バΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ Α͡キ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲピ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ギ∃ Α∠ リ∠ハ る∠ Α∠ ∇ゴイ ͡ ∇ャや (Fight against t hose who believe not in Allah, nor in t he Last Day, nor forbid t hat which has been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, and t hose who acknowledge not t he religion of t rut h among t he People of t he Script ure, unt il t hey pay t he Jizyah wit h willing submission, and feel t hemselves subdued.) Therefore, when People of t he Script ures disbelieved in Muhammad , t hey had no beneficial fait h in any Messenger or what t he Messengers brought . Rat her, t hey followed t heir religions because t his conformed wit h t heir ideas, lust s and t he ways of t heir forefat hers, not because t hey are Allah's Law and religion. Had t hey been t rue believers in t heir religions, t hat fait h would have direct ed t hem t o believe in Muhammad , because all Prophet s gave t he good news of Muhammad's advent and commanded t hem t o obey and follow him. Yet when he was sent , t hey disbelieved in him, even t hough he is t he might iest of all Messengers. Therefore, t hey do not follow t he religion of earlier Prophet s because t hese religions came from Allah, but because t hese suit t heir desires and lust s. Therefore, t heir claimed fait h in an earlier Prophet will not benefit t hem because t hey disbelieved in t he mast er, t he might iest , t he last and most perfect of all Prophet s . Hence Allah's st at ement ,

ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ホぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レΑ͡ギΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲあ エ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ び∠ょ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ Α͡キ (Fight against t hose who believe not in Allah, nor in t he Last Day, nor forbid t hat which has been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, and t hose who acknowledge not t he religion of t rut h among t he People of t he Script ure,) This honorable Ayah was revealed wit h t he order t o fight t he People of t he Book, aft er t he pagans were defeat ed, t he people ent ered Allah's religion in large numbers, and t he Arabian Peninsula was secured under t he Muslims' cont rol. Allah commanded His Messenger t o fight t he People of t he Script ures, Jews and Christ ians, on t he nint h year of Hij rah, and he prepared his army t o fight t he Romans and called t he people t o Jihad announcing his int ent and dest inat ion. The Messenger sent his int ent t o various Arab areas around Al-Madinah t o gat her forces, and he collect ed an army of t hirt y t housand. Some people from Al-Madinah and some hypocrit es, in and around it , lagged behind, for t hat year was a year of drought and int ense heat . The Messenger of Allah marched, heading t owards AshSham t o fight t he Romans unt il he reached Tabuk, where he set camp for about t went y days next t o it s wat er resources. He t hen prayed t o Allah for a decision and went back t o Al-Madinah because it was a hard year and t he people were weak, as we will ment ion, Allah willing.

Paying Jizyah is a Sign of Kufr and Disgrace

Allah said,

び∠るΑ∠ ∇ゴイ ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ト∇バΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il t hey pay t he Jizyah), if t hey do not choose t o embrace Islam,

び∃ギΑ∠ リ∠ハぴ (wit h willing submission), in defeat and subservience,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲピ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and feel t hemselves subdued.), disgraced, humiliat ed and belit t led. Therefore, Muslims are not allowed t o honor t he people of Dhimmah or elevat e t hem above Muslims, for t hey are miserable, disgraced and humiliat ed. Muslim recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Prophet said,

∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩͡ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ン∠ケゅ∠ダレｚ ャや∠ヱ ∠キヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャや やヱ⊥￢ギ∠ ∇らゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ヮ͡ボΒ∠ ∇ッぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ ヱぁゲト ∠ ∇ッゅ∠プ ペ ∃ Α͡ゲデ ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ (Do not init iat e t he Salam t o t he Jews and Christ ians, and if you meet any of t hem in a road, force t hem t o it s narrowest alley.) This is why t he Leader of t he fait hful ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab, may Allah be pleased wit h him, demanded his well-known condit ions be met by t he Christ ians, t hese condit ions t hat ensured t heir cont inued humiliat ion, degradat ion and disgrace. The scholars of Hadit h narrat ed from ` Abdur-Rahman bin Ghanm Al-Ash` ari t hat he said, "I recorded for ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t he t erms of t he t reat y of peace he conduct ed wit h t he Christ ians of Ash-Sham: ` In t he Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. This is a document t o t he servant of Allah ` Umar, t he Leader of t he fait hful, from t he Christ ians of such and such cit y. When you (Muslims) came t o us we request ed safet y for ourselves, children, propert y and followers of our religion. We made a condit ion on ourselves t hat we will neit her erect in our areas a monast ery, church, or a sanct uary for a monk, nor rest ore any place of worship t hat needs rest orat ion nor use any of t hem for t he purpose of enmit y against Muslims. We will not prevent any Muslim from rest ing in our churches whet her t hey come by day or night , and we will open t he doors ぴof our houses of worshipび for t he wayfarer and passerby. Those Muslims who come as guest s, will enj oy boarding and food for t hree days. We will not allow a spy against Muslims int o our churches and homes or hide deceit ぴor bet rayalび against Muslims. We will not t each our children t he Qur'an, publicize pract ices of Shirk, invit e anyone t o Shirk or prevent any of our fellows from embracing Islam, if t hey choose t o do so. We will respect Muslims, move from t he places we sit in if t hey choose t o sit in t hem. We will not imit at e t heir clot hing, caps, t urbans, sandals, hairst yles, speech, nicknames and t it le names, or ride on saddles, hang swords on t he shoulders, collect weapons of any kind or carry t hese weapons. We will not encrypt our st amps in Arabic, or sell liquor. We will have t he front of our hair cut , wear our cust omary clot hes wherever we are, wear belt s around our waist , refrain from erect ing crosses on t he out side of our churches and demonst rat ing t hem and our books in public in Muslim fairways and market s. We will not sound t he bells in our churches, except discret ely, or raise our voices while recit ing our holy books inside our churches in t he presence of Muslims, nor raise our voices ぴwit h prayerび at our

funerals, or light t orches in funeral processions in t he fairways of Muslims, or t heir market s. We will not bury our dead next t o Muslim dead, or buy servant s who were capt ured by Muslims. We will be guides for Muslims and refrain from breaching t heir privacy in t heir homes.' When I gave t his document t o ` Umar, he added t o it , ` We will not beat any Muslim. These are t he condit ions t hat we set against ourselves and followers of our religion in ret urn for safet y and prot ect ion. If we break any of t hese promises t hat we set for your benefit against ourselves, t hen our Dhimmah (promise of prot ect ion) is broken and you are allowed t o do wit h us what you are allowed of people of defiance and rebellion.'''

ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚ ャや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ⊥ ∇よや ∀ゲ∇Α∠ゴハ ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゃヰ͡ ⇒∠ツΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ∠ ∇プほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ヰャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ⊥ ∇よや ウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴｚルぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠わ∠ ⇒∠ホ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ リあョ ゅ⇔よゅ∠よ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ら∇ワケ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ら∇ェぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムプ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ウ ∠ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ｚ や⇔ギ͡ェヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ (30. And t he Jews say: "Uzayr (Ezra) is t he son of Allah,'' and t he Christ ians say: "The Messiah is t he son of Allah.'' That is t heir saying wit h t heir mout hs, resembling t he saying of t hose who disbelieved aforet ime. May Allah fight t hem, how t hey are deluded away from t he t rut h!) (31. They (Jews and Christ ians) t ook t heir rabbis and t heir monks t o be t heir lords besides Allah, and (t hey also t ook as t heir Lord) t he Messiah, son of Maryam, while t hey were commanded t o worship none but One God, none has t he right t o be worshipped but He. Praise and hallowed be He above what t hey associat e (wit h Him).'')

Fighting the Jews and Christians is legislated because They are Idolators and Disbelievers Allah t he Exalt ed encourages t he believers t o fight t he polyt heist s, disbelieving Jews and Christ ians, who ut t ered t his t errible st at ement and ut t er lies against Allah, t he Exalt ed. As for t he Jews, t hey claimed t hat ` Uzayr was t he son of God, Allah is free of what t hey at t ribut e t o Him. As for t he misguidance of Christ ians over ` Isa, it is obvious. This is why Allah declared bot h groups t o be liars,

び∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ∠ ∇プほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ヰャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (That is t heir saying wit h t heir mout hs), but t hey have no proof t hat support s t heir claim, ot her t han lies and fabricat ions,

び∠ラヲ⊥ゃヰ͡ ⇒∠ツΑ⊥ ぴ (resembling), imit at ing,

び⊥モ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ぴ (t he saying of t hose who disbelieved aforet ime.) They imit at e t he previous nat ions who fell int o misguidance j ust as Jews and Christ ians did,

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠わ∠ ⇒∠ホぴ (may Allah fight t hem), Ibn ` Abbas said, "May Allah curse t hem.''

び∠ラヲ⊥ムプ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヴｚル∠ぺぴ (how t hey are deluded away from t he t rut h!) how t hey deviat e from t rut h, when it is apparent , exchanging it for misguidance. Allah said next ,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ゅ⇔よゅ∠よ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ら∇ワケ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ら∇ェぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ やぴ び∠ユΑ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ウ ∠ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (They t ook t heir rabbis and t heir monks t o be t heir lords besides Allah, and t he Messiah, son of Maryam) ぴ9:31び. Imam Ahmad, At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Jarir At -Tabari recorded a Hadit h via several chains of narrat ion, from ` Adi bin Hat im, may Allah be pleased wit h him, who became Christ ian during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah. When t he call of t he Messenger of Allah reached his area, ` Adi ran away t o Ash-Sham, and his sist er and several of his people were capt ured. The Messenger of Allah freed his sist er and gave her gift s. So she went t o her brot her and encouraged him t o become Muslim and t o go t o t he Messenger of Allah . ` Adi, who was one of t he chiefs of his people (t he t ribe of Tai') and whose fat her, Hat im At -Ta'i, was known for his generosit y, went t o Al-Madinah. When t he people announced his arrival, ` Adi went t o t he Messenger of Allah wearing a silver cross around his neck. The Messenger of Allah recit ed t his Ayah;

び͡ヮヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ゅ⇔よゅ∠よ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ら∇ワケ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ら∇ェぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ やぴ (They t ook t heir rabbis and t heir monks t o be t heir lords besides Allah). ` Adi comment ed, "I said, ` They did not worship t hem.''' The Prophet said,

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ やヲぁヤェ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ヤエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ やヲ⊥ョゲｚ ェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ » «ユ⊥ワゅｚΑま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ュ∠ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや

(Yes t hey did. They (rabbis and monks) prohibit ed t he allowed for t hem (Christ ians and Jews) and allowed t he prohibit ed, and t hey obeyed t hem. This is how t hey worshipped t hem.) The Messenger of Allah said t o ` Adi,

∨∠ゲら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ポ ∠ ゲぁ ヘ͡ Α⊥ ぺ∠ ∨⊥メヲ⊥ボ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョ ヵ ぁ ギ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠Α» ∇ラぺ∠ ポ ∠ ゲぁ ヘ͡ Α⊥ ぺ∠ ∨∠ポゲぁ ヘ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ ∨͡ぶや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ «∨⊥ぶや ゅｚャま͡ ∀ヮャ͡ま ∇リョ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ∨⊥ぶや ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ (O ` Adi what do you say Did you run away (t o Ash-Sham) so t hat 'Allahu Akbar' (Allah is t he Great ) is not pronounced Do you know of anyt hing great er t han Allah What made you run away Did you run away so t hat ` La ilaha illallah' is not pronounced Do you know of any deit y wort hy of worship except Allah) The Messenger invit ed ` Adi t o embrace Islam, and he embraced Islam and pronounced t he Test imony of Trut h. The face of t he Messenger of Allah beamed wit h pleasure and he said t o ` Adi,

ン∠ケゅ∠ダレｚ ャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ゆヲ⊥ツ∇ピョ∠ ∠キヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» «ラヲぁャゅ∠ッ (Verily, t he Jews have earned t he anger (of Allah) and t he Christ ians are misguided.) Hudhayfah bin Al-Yaman, ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas and several ot hers said about t he explanat ion of,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ゅ⇔よゅ∠よ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ら∇ワケ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ら∇ェぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ やぴ (They t ook t heir rabbis and t heir monks t o be t heir lords besides Allah...) t hat t he Christ ians and Jews obeyed t heir monks and rabbis in what ever t hey allowed or prohibit ed for t hem. This is why Allah said,

び⇔やギ͡ェヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (while t hey were commanded t o worship none but One God), Who, what ever He renders prohibit ed is t he prohibit ed, what ever He allowed is t he allowed, what ever He legislat es, is t o be t he law followed, and what ever He decides is t o be adhered t o;

び∠ラヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ｚぴ (None has t he right t o be worshipped but He. Hallowed be He above what t hey associat e (wit h Him).) Meaning, exalt ed, sanct ified, hallowed above part ners, equals, aids, rivals or children, t here is no deit y or Lord wort hy of worship except Him.

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠よ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ∠ ∇プほ∠よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ケ∠ ヲ⊥ル ∇やヲ⊥ゃヘ͡ ∇トΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ぴ ヵ͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ロ∠ ゲ͡ ミ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ル ｚユわ͡ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ヰ͡ ∇ヌΒ⊥ ャ͡ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ Α͡キヱ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ モ ∠シ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ロ∠ ゲ͡ ミ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤあミ⊥ リ ͡ Αあギャや (32. They want t o ext inguish Allah's Light wit h t heir mout hs, but Allah will not allow except t hat His Light should be perfect ed even t hough t he disbelievers hat e (it ).) (33. It is He Who has sent His Messenger wit h guidance and t he religion of t rut h, t o make it superior over all religions even t hough t he idolat ors hat e (it ).)

People of the Scriptures try to extinguish the Light of Islam Allah says, t he disbelieving idolat ors and People of t he Script ures want t o,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ケ∠ ヲ⊥ル ∇やヲ⊥ゃヘ͡ ∇トΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺぴ (ext inguish t he Light of Allah). They t ry t hrough argument and lies t o ext inguish t he guidance and religion of t rut h t hat t he Messenger of Allah was sent wit h. Their example is t he example of he who want s t o ext inguish t he light of t he sun or t he moon by blowing at t hem! Indeed, such a person will never accomplish what he sought . Likewise, t he light of what t he Messenger was sent wit h will cert ainly shine and spread. Allah replied t o t he idolat ors' desire and hope,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ヘ⇒∠ム∇ャや ロ∠ ゲ͡ ミ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ル ｚユわ͡ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴよ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (but Allah will not allow except t hat His Light should be perfect ed even t hough t he disbelievers (Kafirun) hat e (it )) ぴ9:32び. ぴLinguist incallyび a Kafir is t he person who covers somet hing. For inst ance, night is called Kafiran ぴcoveringび because it covers t hings ぴwit h darknessび. The farmer is called Kafiran, because he covers seeds in t he ground. Allah said in an Ayah,

び⊥ヮゎ⊥ ゅ∠らル∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや ょ ∠ イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ぴ (t hereof t he growt h is pleasing t o t he ぴKuffarび t illers)ぴ57:20び.

Islam is the Religion That will dominate over all Other Religions Allah said next ,

びあペ∠エ∇ャや リ ͡ Α͡キヱ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ モ ∠シ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (It is He Who has sent His Messenger wit h guidance and t he religion of t rut h.) ` Guidance' refers t o t he t rue narrat ions, beneficial fait h and t rue religion t hat t he Messenger came wit h. ` religion of t rut h' refers t o t he right eous, legal deeds t hat bring about benefit in t his life and t he Hereaft er.

びヮ͡ ヤあミ⊥ リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ヰ͡ ∇ヌΒ⊥ ャ͡ぴ (t o make it (Islam) superior over all religions) It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩ゅ∠ヰよ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ピョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰホ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ゼョ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヶ͡ャ ン∠ヱコ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» «ゅ∠ヰ∇レヨ͡ΒΒ͡ャ ヵ ∠ ヱ͡ コ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヒ⊥ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ (Allah made t he east ern and west ern part s of t he eart h draw near for me ぴt o seeび, and t he rule of my Ummah will ext end as far as I saw.) Imam Ahmad recorded from Tamim Ad-Dari t hat he said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ⊥ ∇Βヤｚャや ヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゲ⊥ ∇ョほ∠∇ャや や∠グワ∠ リ ｚ ピ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ ャ∠» ∩∠リΑあギャや や∠グワ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゲ∃ よ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ケ∃ ギ∠ ョ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ぶ ⊥ やポ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇わΑ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ぁゴバ͡ Α⊥ や６ゴハ ͡ ∩ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡ャク∠ メ ぁ グ͡ Α⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ ぁゴバ͡ Α⊥ «ゲ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ぁメグ͡ Α⊥ ゅ６ャク⊥ ヱ∠ (This mat t er (Islam) will keep spreading as far as t he night and day reach, unt il Allah will not leave a house made of mud or hair, but will make t his religion ent er it , while bringing might t o a might y person (a Muslim) and humiliat ion t o a disgraced person (who rej ect s Islam). Might wit h which Allah elevat es Islam (and it s people) and disgrace wit h which Allah humiliat es disbelief (and it s people).) Tamim Ad-Dari ぴwho was a Christ ian before Islamび used t o say, "I have come t o know t he meaning of t his Hadit h in my own people. Those who became Muslims among t hem acquired goodness, honor and might . Disgrace, humiliat ion and Jizyah befell t hose who remained disbelievers.''

ケ͡ ゅ∠ら∇ェΙ ｘや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ モ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや メ ∠ や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇ワゲぁ ャや∠ヱ

ょ ∠ ワ∠ グｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴレ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ゲゼ あ ら∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ ツ ｚ ヘ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ル ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヨ∇エΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ョ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲレ⊥ィヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ⊥ ゅ∠らィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ン∠ヲ∇ムわ⊥ プ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴレ͡ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠Ε ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゴレ∠ ミ∠ (34. O you who believe! Verily, t here are many of t he Ahbar (rabbis) and t he Ruhban (monks) who devour t he wealt h of mankind in falsehood, and hinder (t hem) from t he way of Allah. And t hose who hoard up gold and silver and spend t hem not in t he way of Allah, announce unt o t hem a painful t orment .) (35. On t he Day when t hat will be heat ed in t he fire of Hell and wit h it will be branded t heir foreheads, t heir flanks, and t heir backs, (and it will be said unt o t hem:) "This is t he t reasure which you hoarded for yourselves. Now t ast e of what you used t o hoard.'')

Warning against Corrupt Scholars and Misguided Worshippers As-Suddi said t hat t he Ahbar are Jewish rabbis, while t he Ruhban are Christ ian monks. This st at ement is t rue, for Ahbar are Jewish rabbis, j ust as Allah said,

ユ∠ ∇をΗ ͡ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ リ∠ハ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇ェΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲΒぁレ͡ ⇒ｚよゲｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇レΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ び∠ろ∇エジ ぁ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ヤ͡∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ (Why do not t he Ahbar (rabbis) and t he religious learned men forbid t hem from ut t ering sinful words and eat ing unlawful t hings.) ぴ5:63び The Ruhban are Christ ian monks or worshippers, while t he ` Qissisun' are t heir scholars. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び⇔ゅルゅ∠ら∇ワケ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ジΒあジホ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (This is because among t hem, t here are Qissisin and Ruhban...)ぴ5:82び. This Ayah warns against corrupt scholars and misguided worshippers. Sufyan bin ` Uyaynah said, "Those among our scholars who become corrupt are similar t o t he Jews, while t hose among our worshippers who become misguided are like Christ ians.'' An aut hent ic Hadit h declares,

«りｚグボ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ り͡ グｚ ボ⊥ ャや ヱ∠ ∇グェ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ リ ∠ レ∠ シ ⊥ リ ｚ ら⊥ ミ∠ ∇ゲわ∠ ャ∠» (You will follow t he ways of t hose who were before you, st ep by st ep.) They asked, "Jews and Christ ians'' He said,

«リ∠ヨプ∠ » ∨ (Who else) In anot her narrat ion, t hey asked, "Persia and Rome'' He said,

«∨͡￢ゅ∠ャぽ⊥ ワ∠ ゅｚャま͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ » (And who else if it was not t hem) These t ext s warn against imit at ing t hem in act ion and st at ement , for t hey, as Allah st at ed,

リ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや メ ∠ や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ∠ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ (devour t he wealt h of mankind in falsehood, and hinder (t hem) from t he way of Allah.) They sell t he religion in ret urn for worldly gains, using t heir posit ions and st at us among people t o illegally devour t heir propert y. For inst ance, t he Jews were respect ed by t he people of Jahiliyyah and collect ed gift s, t axes and present s from t hem. When Allah sent His Messenger , t he Jews persist ed in t heir misguidance, disbelief and rebellion, hoping t o keep t heir st at us and posit ion. However, Allah ext inguished all t his and t ook it away from t hem wit h t he light of Prophet hood and inst ead gave t hem disgrace and degradat ion, and t hey incurred t he anger of Allah, t he Exalt ed. Allah said next ,

び͡ヮヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and hinder (t hem) from t he way of Allah.) Therefore, t hey illegally devour people's propert y and hinder t hem from following t he t rut h. They also confuse t rut h wit h falsehood and pret end before t heir ignorant followers t hat t hey call t o right eousness. The t rue realit y is t hat t hey call t o t he Fire and will not find any helpers on t he Day of Resurrect ion.

Torment of Those Who hoard Gold and Silver Allah said,

ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ ツ ｚ ヘ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ワ∠ グｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴレ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び∃ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ゲゼ あ ら∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ (And t hose who hoard ぴKanzび gold and silver and spend t hem not in t he way of Allah, announce unt o t hem a painful t orment .) ぴ9:34び. This is t he t hird cat egory of leaders, for people rely on t heir scholars, worshippers and t he wealt hy among t hem. When t hese cat egories of people become corrupt , t he societ y in general becomes corrupt . Ibn Al-Mubarak once said, "What corrupt ed t he religion, except kings and wicked Ahbar and Ruhban.'' As for Kanz, it refers t o t he wealt h on which Zakah has not been paid, according t o Malik, who narrat ed t his from

` Abdullah bin Dinar from Ibn ` Umar. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Az-Zuhri said t hat Khalid bin Aslam said t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said, "This was before Zakah was ordained. When Zakah was ordained, Allah made it a cleanser for wealt h.'' ` Umar bin ` Abdul-` Aziz and ` Irak bin Malik said t hat t his Ayah was abrogat ed by Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔るホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇グカ ⊥ぴ (Take Sadaqah (alms) from t heir wealt h) There are many Hadit hs t hat admonish hoarding gold and silver. We will ment ion here some of t hese Hadit hs. ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded a Hadit h from ` Ali about Allah's st at ement ,

び∠るツ ｚ ヘ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ワ∠ グｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴレ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who hoard up gold and silver...) ` Ali said t hat t he Prophet said,

«るｚツヘ͡ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ６ら∠ゎ ょ ∃ ワ∠ グｚ ヤ͡ャ ゅ６ら∠ゎ » (Woe t o gold! Woe t o silver.) He repeat ed t his st at ement t hrice, and t his Hadit h was hard on t he Companions of t he Messenger of Allah , who said, "What t ype of wealt h should we use'' ` Umar said, "I will find out for you,'' and he asked, "O Allah's Messenger! Your st at ement was hard for your Companions. They asked, ` What wealt h should we use''' The Prophet answered,

∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ⊥ Β͡バゎ⊥ る⇔ ィ ∠ ∇ヱコ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ͡ミゅ∠セ ゅ⇔ら∇ヤホ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲミ͡ や∠ク ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ジャ͡» «ヮ͡レΑ͡キ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (A remembering t ongue, an appreciat ive heart and a wife t hat helps one of you implement his religion.) Allah's st at ement ,

ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ン∠ヲ∇ムわ⊥ プ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ル ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヨ∇エΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゴレ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲレ⊥ィヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ⊥ ゅ∠らィ ͡ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴレ͡ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠Ε (On t he Day when t hat will be heat ed in t he fire of Hell and wit h it will be branded t heir foreheads, t heir flanks, and t heir backs, (and it will be said unt o t hem) "This is t he t reasure which you hoarded for yourselves. Now t ast e of what you used t o hoard.'') These words will be said t o t hem as a way of admonishing, crit icizing and mocking t hem. Allah also said;

∇ベク⊥ - ユ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ シ ͡ ∇ぺケ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ∇やヲぁらタ ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び ユ⊥ Α͡ゲム∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ (Then pour over his head t he t orment of boiling wat er. "Tast e you (t his)! Verily, you were (pret ending t o be) t he might y, t he generous!'') ぴ44:48-49び. There is a saying t hat goes, "He who covet s a t hing and prefers it t o Allah's obedience, will be punished wit h it .'' Because hoarding money was bet t er t o t hese people t han Allah's pleasure, t hey were punished wit h it . For inst ance, Abu Lahab, may Allah curse him, was especially act ive in defying t he Messenger of Allah , and his wife was helping him in t his regard. Therefore, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, she will help in punishing him, for t here will be a t wist ed rope of palm fiber on her neck. She will be gat hering wood from t he Fire and t hrowing it on him so t hat his t orment is made harder by t he hand of someone whom he used t o care for in t his life. Likewise, money was precious t o t hose who hoarded it in t his life. Therefore, money will produce t he worst harm for t hem in t he Hereaft er, when it will be heat ed in t he Fire of Jahannam, whose heat is quiet sufficient , and t heir forehead, sides and back will be branded wit h it . Imam Abu Ja` far Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Thawban said t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o declare,

ゅ⇔ハゅ∠イセ ⊥ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ んあ ョ⊥ や⇔ゴ∇レミ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ゎ ∇リョ∠ » ∨∠ろ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇Αヱ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ ら∠ ∇わΑ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わら∠ Β͡よコ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ネ ∠ ゲ∠ ホ∠ ぺ∠ メ ⊥ や∠ゴΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ポ ∠ ギ∇バよ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ポ ∠ ゴ⊥ ∇レミ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ も͡ ゅ∠シ ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ ら∠ ∇わΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅヰ∠ ヨ∠ ツ ͡ ∇ボΒ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ Α∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ボ͡ ∇ヤΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ ら∠ ∇わΑ∠ «ロ͡ギジ ∠ィ ∠ (Whoever leaves a t reasure behind (on which he did not pay t he Zakah), t hen on t he Day of Resurrect ion his wealt h will be made like a bald-headed poisonous male snake wit h t wo black spot s over t he eyes. The snake will follow him, and he will say, ` Woe t o you! Who are you' The snake will say, ` I am your t reasure t hat you left behind,' and will keep following him unt il t he man gives it his hand; t he snake will devour it and t hen devour his whole body.) Ibn Hibban also collect ed t his Hadit h in his Sahih. Part of t his Hadit h was also collect ed in t he Two Sahihs from Abu Hurayrah. In his Sahih, Muslim recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ͡ ィ ⊥ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ョ り∠ ゅ∠ミコ∠ ヵあキぽ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ∇レィ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ン∠ヲ∇ムΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩∃ケゅ∠ル ∇リョ͡ ウ ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠ヘタ ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ロ⊥ ケ⊥ や∠ギ∇ボョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡プ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ヰニ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇らィ ∠ ヱ∠

ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥Β͡らシ ∠ ン∠ゲΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ∠ツ∇ボΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩∃るレ∠ シ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ «ケゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅｚョま͡ (Every man who does not pay t he Zakah due on his money, t hen on t he Day of Resurrect ion, his side, forehead and back will be branded wit h rods made of fire on a Day t he lengt h of which is fift y t housand years, unt il when t he servant s will be j udged; t hat man will be shown his dest inat ion, eit her t o Paradise or t he Fire.) aIn t he Tafsir of t his Ayah, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Zayd bin Wahb said, "I passed by Abu Dharr in t he area of Rabadhah and asked him, ` What made you reside in t his area' He said, ` We were in Ash-Sham when I recit ed t his Ayah,

ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ ツ ｚ ヘ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ワ∠ グｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴレ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び∃ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ゲゼ あ ら∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ (And t hose who hoard up gold and silver and spend t hem not in t he way of Allah, announce unt o t hem a painful t orment .) Mu` awiyah said, ` This Ayah is not about us, it is only about t he People of t he Book.' So I (Abu Dharr) said, ` Rat her, it is about us and t hem.''

ヶ͡プ や⇔ゲ∇ヰセ ∠ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇をや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰゼ ぁ ャや り∠ ギｚ ハ ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ べヰ∠ ∇レョ͡ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ∠ヲヨ∠ ジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わミ͡ リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ユ⊥ あΒボ∠ ∇ャや リ ⊥ Αあギャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク ∀ュゲ⊥ ェ ⊥ る∀ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∠ミ る⇔ プｚ べ∠ミ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ る⇔ プｚ べ∠ミ (36. Verily, t he number of mont hs wit h Allah is t welve mont hs (in a year), so was it ordained by Allah on t he Day when He creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h; of t hem four are sacred. That is t he right religion, so wrong not yourselves t herein, and fight against t he Mushrikin idolat ers collect ively as t hey fight against you collect ively. But know t hat Allah is wit h t hose who have Taqwa.)

The Year consists of Twelve Months Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Bakrah said t hat t he Prophet said in a speech during his Haj j ,

ぶ ⊥ やペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ゃ∠ ∇Βヰ∠ ミ∠ ケ∠ や∠ギわ∠ ∇シや ギ͡ ホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ョゴｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ や⇔ゲ∇ヰセ ∠ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇をや る⊥ レ∠ ｚジャや ∩∠チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ れ ͡ や∠ヲヨ∠ ジ ｚ ャや ヱ⊥クヱ∠ り͡ ギ∠ ∇バボ∠ ∇ャや ヱ⊥ク :∀れゅ∠Βャ͡や∠ヲわ∠ ョ⊥ ∀る∠をゅ∠ヤ∠を ∩∀ュゲ⊥ ェ ⊥ る∀ バ⊥ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ン∠キゅ∠ヨィ ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ツ ∠ ョ⊥ ょ ⊥ ィ ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ュ⊥ ｚゲエ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ る͡ イ ｚエ ͡ ∇ャや «ラゅ∠ら∇バセ ∠ ヱ∠ メゅホ ユを:

«∨や∠グワ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヵ ぁ ぺ∠» ゅレヤホ: ぶや ヮャヲシケヱ ∩ユヤハぺ ろムジプ ヴわェ ゅレレニ ヮルぺ ヮΒヨジΒシ ゲΒピよ ヮヨシや メゅホ:

«∨͡ゲ∇エレｚ ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠» ゅレヤホ: ヴヤよ ユを メゅホ:

«∨や∠グワ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ヰセ ∠ ヵ ぁ ぺ∠» ゅレヤホ: ぶや ヮャヲシケヱ ∩ユヤハぺ ろムジプ ヴわェ ゅレレニ ヮルぺ ヮΒヨジΒシ ゲΒピよ ヮヨシや メゅホ:

«∨͡るイ ｚエ ͡ ャや や∠ク ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠» ゅレヤホ: ∩ヴヤよ ユを メゅホ:

«∨や∠グワ∠ ギ∃ ヤ∠よ∠ ヵ ぁ ぺ∠» ヮルぺ ゅレレニ ヴわェ ろムジプ ユヤハぺ ヮャヲシケヱ ぶや :ゅレヤホ :メゅホ ヮヨシや ゲΒピよ ヮΒヨジΒシ «∨∠りギ∠ ∇ヤら∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ジ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠»

«ヴヤよ :ゅレヤホ (The division of t ime has t urned t o it s original form which was current when Allah creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h. The year is of t welve mont hs, out of which four mont hs are sacred: Three are in succession Dhul-Qa` dah, Dhul-Hij j ah and Muharram, and (t he fourt h is) Raj ab of (t he t ribe of) Mudar which comes bet ween Jumada (At h-Thaniyah) and Sha` ban.'' The Prophet t hen asked, (What is t he day t oday') We said, "Allah and His Messenger know bet t er. He kept quiet unt il we t hought t hat he might give t hat day anot her name. He said (Isn't it t he day of Nahr) We replied, "Yes.'' He furt her asked, (Which mont h is t his) We again said, "Allah and His Messenger know bet t er,'' and he kept quiet and made us t hink t hat he might give it anot her name. Then he said,(Isn't it t he mont h of Dhul-Hij j ah) We replied, "Yes.'' He asked, (What t own is t his) We said, "Allah and His Messenger know bet t er,'' and he kept quiet unt il we t hought t hat he might change it s name. He asked, (Isn't t his t he (Sacred) Town) We said, "Yes.'' He said,

∇ユム⊥ ッ ∠ や∠ゲ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠ョキ͡ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ » ∩や∠グワ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ヰセ ∠ ヶ͡プ や∠グワ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ∇ゲエ ⊥ ミ∠ ∀ュや∠ゲ∠ェ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ほ∠∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ヤわ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ .や∠グワ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ヤ∠よ∠ ヶ͡プ ゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ ゅ⇔ャゅｚヤッ ⊥ ヵ͡ギ∇バよ∠ やヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ヒ͡ ヤあら∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∨⊥ろ∇ピヤｚよ∠ ∇モワ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ホケ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ハ∇ヱ∠ぺ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ピ⊥ あヤら∠ Α⊥ ∇リョ∠ モ ｚ バ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ ょ ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ピ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ギ⊥ ワ͡ ゅｚゼャや «ヮ∠バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヂ ͡ ∇バよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ (Verily! Your blood, propert y and honor are sacred t o one anot her like t he sanct it y of t his day of yours, in t his mont h of yours and in t his cit y of yours. Verily, you will meet your Lord and He will quest ion you about your act ions. Behold! Do not revert t o misguidance aft er me by st riking t he necks of one anot her. Have I conveyed It is incumbent upon t hose who are present t o inform t hose who are absent , because t hose who are absent might comprehend (what I have said) bet t er t han some who are present .) Al-Bukhari and Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h. In a small book collect ed by Shaykh ` Alam ad-Din As-Sakhawi, ent it led, Al-Mashhur fi Asma' Al-Ayam wash-Shuhur, he ment ioned t hat Muharram is so named because it is a sacred mont h. To me, it was so named t o emphasize it s sacredness. This is because t he Arabs would swit ch it around. One year t hey would say it was a sacred mont h, t he following year t hey would say t hat it was not . The aut hor said, "...and Safar is so named because t hey used t o leave t heir homes during t hat mont h for fight ing and t raveling. When saying ` Safir' a place, it means t o leave it ... Rabi` Al-Awwal is called t hat because t hey used t o do Irt iba` in it , t hat is t o maint ain one's propert y... and Rabi` Al-Akhir, was so named for t he same reasons. Jumada is called t hat because t he wat er would dry up (Jamud) t hen....They say Jumada Al-Uwla and Al-Awwal, or Jumada Al-Akhar or Al-Akhirah. Raj ab comes from Tarj ib, meaning t o honor. Sha` ban because t he t ribes would separat e and ret urn t o t heir homes. Ramadan was so named because of t he severit y of t he Ramda' - t hat is - t he heat , and t hey say t hat t he branch Ramadat when it is

t hirst y...And t he saying t hat it is a Name of Allah is a mist ake, for t here is no proof or support for t hat ...''

The Sacred Months Allah said,

び∀ュゲ⊥ ェ ⊥ る∀ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ぴ (of t hem four are sacred). The Arabs used t o consider t hese mont hs sacred during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, except for a group of t hem called Al-Basl, who held eight mont hs of t he year t o be sacred as way of exaggerat ion in religion. The Prophet said,

ュ⊥ ｚゲエ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ る͡ イ ｚエ ͡ ∇ャや ヱ⊥ク∠ヱ り͡ ギ∠ ∇バボ∠ ∇ャや ヱ⊥ク :∀れゅ∠Βャ͡や∠ヲわ∠ ョ⊥ ∀る∠をゅ∠ヤ∠を» «ラゅ∠ら∇バセ ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠キゅ∠ヨィ ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ツ ∠ ョ⊥ ょ ⊥ ィ ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ (Three are in succession; Dhul-Qa` dah, Dhul-Hij j ah and Muharram, and (t he fourt h is) Raj ab ぴof (t he t ribe of) Mudar which comes bet ween Jumada (At h-Thani)び and Sha` ban). The Prophet said "Raj ab of Mudar'' t o at t est t o t he cust om of Mudar, in saying t hat Raj ab is t he mont h t hat is bet ween Jumada and Sha` ban, not as t he t ribe of Rabi` ah t hought , t hat it is bet ween Sha` ban and Shawwal, which is Ramadan in t he present calendar. The four Sacred Mont hs were made four, t hree in succession and one alone, so t hat t he Haj j and ` Umrah are performed wit h ease. Dhul-Qa` dah, t he mont h before t he Haj j mont h, was made sacred because t hey refrained from fight ing during t hat mont h. Dhul-Hij j ah, t he next mont h, was made sacred because it is t he mont h of Haj j , during which t hey performed Haj j rit uals. Muharram, which comes next , was made sacred so t hat t hey are able t o go back t o t heir areas in safet y ぴaft er performing Haj j び. Raj ab, in t he middle of t he lunar year, was made sacred so t hat t hose coming from t he fart hest areas of Arabia are able t o perform ` Umrah and visit t he House and t hen go back t o t heir areas safely. Allah said next ,

び⊥ユΒあ ボ∠ ∇ャや リ ⊥ Αあギャや マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (That is t he right religion), t hat is t he St raight Law, requiring implement ing Allah's order concerning t he mont hs t hat He made sacred and t heir t rue count as it was originally writ t en by Allah. Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so wrong not yourselves t herein) during t hese Sacred Mont hs, for sin in t hem is worse t han sin in ot her mont hs. Likewise, sins in t he Sacred Cit y are writ t en mult iplied,

び∃ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇ホグ͡ ぁル ユ∃ ∇ヤヌ ⊥ よ͡ キ∃ ゅ∠エ∇ャみ͡よ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(...and whoever inclines t o evil act ions t herein (in Makkah) or t o do wrong, him We shall cause t o t ast e from a painful t orment ) ぴ22:25び. Similarly, sin in general is worse during t he Sacred Mont hs ` Ali bin Abi Talhah narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰゼ ぁ ャや り∠ ギｚ ハ ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he number of mont hs wit h Allah...), is connect ed t o

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so wrong not yourselves t herein), "In all (t welve) mont hs. Allah t hen chose four out of t hese mont hs and made t hem sacred, emphasizing t heir sanct it y, making sinning in t hem great er, in addit ion t o, mult iplying rewards of right eous deeds during t hem.'' Qat adah said about Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so wrong not yourselves t herein), "Inj ust ice during t he Sacred Mont hs is worse and graver t han inj ust ice in ot her mont hs. Verily, inj ust ice is always wrong, but Allah makes t hings graver t han ot hers as He will.'' He also said, "Allah has chosen some of His creat ion above ot hers. He chose Messengers from angels and from men. He also chose His Speech above all speech, t he Masaj id above ot her areas of t he eart h, Ramadan and t he Sacred Mont hs above all mont hs, Friday above t he ot her days and Laylat ul-Qadr (The Night of Decree) above all night s. Therefore, sanct ify what Allah has sanct ified, for doing so is t he pract ice of people of underst anding and comprehension.''

Fighting in the Sacred Months Allah said,

び⇔るプｚ べ∠ミ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (and fight against t he idolat ors collect ively), all of you,

び⇔るプｚ べ∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ゅヨ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (as t hey fight against you collect ively.), all of t hem,

び∠リΒ͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱぴ (But know t hat Allah is wit h t hose who have Taqwa), and know t hat init iat ing bat t le during t he Sacred Mont hs is forbidden. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ も͡ べ∠バセ ∠ ∇やヲぁヤエ ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ び∠ュや∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇ヰゼ ｚ ャや (O you who believe! Violat e not t he sanct it y of t he symbols of Allah, nor of t he sacred mont h.) ぴ5:2び,

ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ョゲ⊥ エ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇ヰゼ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ュ⊥ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇ヰゼ ｚ ャやぴ モ ͡ ∇んヨ͡ よ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ン∠ギわ∠ ∇ハや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ∀ソゅ∠ダ͡ホ び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ン∠ギわ∠ ∇ハや ゅ∠ョ (The Sacred Mont h is for t he Sacred Mont h, and for t he prohibit ed t hings, t here is t he law of equalit y (Qisas). Then whoever t ransgresses t he prohibit ion against you, you t ransgress likewise against him) ぴ2:194び, and,

び∠リΒ͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プ ュ⊥ ゲ⊥ エ ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇セΕ ∠ やオ ∠ ヤ∠ジ ∠ ルや や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (Then when t he Sacred Mont hs have passed, kill t he idolat ors...) ぴ9:5び. As for Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔るプｚ べ∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ る⇔ プｚ べ∠ミ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And fight against t he idolat ors collect ively as t hey fight against you collect ively), it includes permission for t he believers t o fight t he idolat ors in t he Sacred Mont h, if t he idolat ors init iat e host ilit ies t herein. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ョゲ⊥ エ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇ヰゼ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ュ⊥ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇ヰゼ ｚ ャやぴ び∀ソゅ∠ダホ͡ (The Sacred Mont h is for t he Sacred Mont h, and for t he prohibit ed t hings, t here is t he law of equalit y (Qisas)) ぴ2:194び, and,

∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ⇒∠ホ ラ͡みプ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ (And fight not wit h t hem at Al-Masj id Al-Haram, unless t hey (first ) fight you t here. But if t hey at t ack you, t hen kill t hem.) ぴ2:191び. As for t he Messenger of Allah laying siege t o At -Ta'if unt il

t he Sacred Mont h st art ed, it was a cont inuat ion of t he bat t le against Hawazin and t heir allies from Thaqif. They st art ed t he fight ing and gat hered t heir men for t he purpose of conduct ing war. The Messenger of Allah marched t o meet t hem and when t hey t ook refuge in At -Ta'if, t he Prophet laid siege t o t hem so t hat t hey descend from t heir fort s, but t hey inflict ed casualt ies on Muslims. The siege cont inued for about fort y days, during which a Sacred Mont h began, and t he siege cont inued for several days in t hat mont h. The Messenger broke t he siege and went back (t o Makkah). So fight ing t hat carries over int o it ぴt he Sacred Mont hび is not t he same as init iat ing warfare during it , Allah knows best .

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ͡ よ͡ ぁモツ ∠ Α⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∀り∠キゅ∠Α͡コ ￢⊥ ヴ͡ジレｚ ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ゃ͡デや∠ヲΒ⊥ ャあ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ョゲあ エ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲぁヤエ ͡ Α⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Αあ コ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲぁヤエ ͡ Β⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ り∠ ギｚ ハ ͡ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヵ͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ (37. The post poning (of a Sacred Mont h) is indeed an addit ion t o disbelief: t hereby t he disbelievers are led ast ray, for t hey make it lawful one year and forbid it anot her year in order t o adj ust t he number of mont hs forbidden by Allah, and make such forbidden ones lawful. The evil of t heir deeds is made fair-seeming t o t hem. And Allah guides not t he people who disbelieve.)

Admonishing the Preference of Opinion in a Religious Matter Allah admonishes t he idolat ors for choosing t heir wicked opinions over Allah's Law. They changed Allah's legislat ion based upon t heir vain desires, allowing what Allah prohibit ed and prohibit ing what Allah allowed. They t hought t hat t hree consecut ive sacred mont hs were rat her long for t hem t o remain wit hout fight ing, for t hey were full of anger and rage. This is why before Islam t hey innovat ed a change in t he Sacred Mont h of Muharram, delaying it t o t he mont h of Safar! Therefore, t hey allowed fight ing in t he Sacred Mont h and made t he non-sacred mont h sacred, t o make t he Sacred Mont hs in a year four, as Allah decided! ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ゲ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∀り∠キゅ∠Α͡コ ￢⊥ ヴ͡ジレｚ ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (The post poning (of a Sacred Mont h) is indeed an addit ion t o disbelief), "Junadah bin ` Awf bin Umayyah Al-Kinani, known as Abu Thumamah, used t o at t end t he Haj j season every year and declare, ` Abu Thumamah is never rej ect ed nor refut ed!,' and he used t o t reat Safar as sacred for people one year ぴand un-sanct ify Muharramび and t reat Muharram as sacred anot her year ぴand un-sanct ify Safar in t hat yearび. This is why Allah said,

び͡ゲ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∀り∠キゅ∠Α͡コ ￢⊥ ヴ͡ジレｚ ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ

(The post poning (of a Sacred Mont h) is indeed an addit ion t o disbelief. ) nAllah says, ` They allow Muharram one year and make it sacred anot her year.''' Al-` Awfi narrat ed a similar st at ement from Ibn ` Abbas. Layt h bin Abi Sulaym narrat ed t hat Muj ahid said, "There was a man from Bani Kinanah who would at t end t he Haj j season every year riding his donkey. He would proclaim, ` O people! I am never rej ect ed, denied or refut ed in what I say. We made t his coming Muharram sacred, and Safar not !' The following year he would come again and declare t he same words t hen say, ` We made t his coming Safar sacred and delayed Muharram (revoked it s sanct it y).' This is t he meaning of Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ り∠ ギｚ ハ ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゃデ ͡ や∠ヲΒ⊥ ャあぴ (in order t o adj ust t he number of mont hs forbidden by Allah), t o four mont hs. Allah says, ` They allow what Allah disallowed by delaying t he Sacred Mont h.''' The idolat ors used t o allow Muharram one year and sanct ify Safar in it s place. They would cont inue t he mont hs of t he year according t o t heir normal count and names. The next year t hey would sanct ify Muharram and cont inue t he year, Safar, Rabi` , unt il t he end of t he year.

ゅ∠ョ り∠ ギｚ ハ ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゃデ ͡ や∠ヲΒ⊥ ャあ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ョゲあ エ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ∠ルヲぁヤ͡エΑ⊥ ぴ び⊥ヮヤｚャや ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲぁヤエ ͡ Β⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ (They make it lawful one year and forbid it anot her year in order t o adj ust t he number of mont hs forbidden by Allah, and make such forbidden ones lawful.) Therefore, t hey would st ill sanct ify four mont hs every year, but would one year sanct ify t he t hird from t he t hree consecut ive Sacred Mont hs, Muharram, and post pone and delay it anot her year t o Safar. In his book of Sirah, Imam Muhammad bin Ishaq present ed a very useful beneficial discussion on t his mat t er. He said; "The first t o st art t he pract ice of overlooking t he sanct it y of mont hs for t he Arabs, t hus allowing what Allah sanct ified of t hem and sanct ifying what Allah allowed of t hem, was "Al-Qalammas''. He was Hudhayfah bin ` Abd Fuqaym bin ` Adi bin ` Amr bin Tha` labah bin Al-Harit h bin Malik bin Kinanah bin Khuzaymah bin Mudrikah bin Ilyas bin Mudar bin Nizar bin Ma` dd bin ` Adnan. His son ` Abbad maint ained t his pract ice, t hen aft er him his son Qala` bin ` Abbad did t he same, Then his son Umayyah bin Qala` , t hen his son ` Awf bin Umayyah, t hen his son Abu Thumamah Junadah bin ` Awf. He was t he last one of his sons (t o cont inue t his pract ice) before Islam. The Arabs used t o gat her around him when Haj j finished, and he would st and and give t hem a speech in which he sanct ifies Raj ab, Dhul-Qa` dah and Dhul-Hij j ah. He would defer t he sanct it y of Muharram t o Safar one year and uphold it s sanct it y anot her year, so as t o appear upholding t he number (of Sacred Mont hs) Allah made sacred. Therefore, he would allow what Allah prohibit ed and prohibit what Allah allowed.'' Allah knows best .

ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ルや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ∠Αぴ り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥わΒ͡ッケ∠ ぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ∠ ゅｚをや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ゅ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ネ ⊥ ゅ∠わョ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇よグあ バ∠ Α⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ レ∠ゎ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ Ι ｚ ま͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ロ⊥ ヱぁゲツ ⊥ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇メギ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (38. O you who believe! What is t he mat t er wit h you, t hat when you are asked t o march fort h in t he cause of Allah, you cling heavily t o t he eart h Are you pleased wit h t he life of t his world rat her t han t he Hereaft er But lit t le is t he enj oyment of t he life of t his world compared t o t he Hereaft er.) (39. If you march not fort h, He will punish you wit h a painful t orment and will replace you by anot her people; and you cannot harm Him at all, and Allah is able t o do all t hings.)

Admonishing clinging to Life rather than rushing to perform Jihad Allah admonishes t hose who lagged behind t he Messenger of Allah in t he bat t le of Tabuk, at a t ime when fruit s were ripe and shades t empt ing in t he int ense and t errible heat ,

ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ルや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ∠Αぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ (O you who believe! What is t he mat t er wit h you, t hat when you are asked t o march fort h in t he cause of Allah), if you are called t o perform Jihad in t he cause of Allah,

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ∠ ゅｚをやぴ (you cling heavily t o t he eart h), reclining t o remain in peace, shade and ripe fruit s.

び͡りゲ∠ カ ͡ ｘΙや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥わΒ͡ッケ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Are you pleased wit h t he life of t his world rat her t han t he Hereaft er), why do you do t his, is it because you prefer t his life inst ead of t he Hereaft er Allah next diminishes t he eagerness for t his worldly life and increases it for t he Hereaft er,

び∀モΒ͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ゅ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ネ ⊥ ゅ∠わョ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (But lit t le is t he enj oyment of t he life of t his world compared t o t he Hereaft er.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Al-Must awrid, a member of Bani Fihr, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゅｚャま͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡ べ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゅ∠ョ» «∨⊥ノィ ͡ ∇ゲゎ∠ ユ∠ よ͡ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇レΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∩あユΒ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ら∠ ∇タま͡ (The life of t his world, compared t o t he Hereaft er, is j ust like when one of you dips his finger in t he sea, let him cont emplat e how much of it his finger would carry.) The Prophet point ed wit h his index finger. Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h. At h-Thawri narrat ed t hat Al-A` mash said about t he Ayah,

び∀モΒ͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ゅ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ネ ⊥ ゅ∠わョ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (But lit t le is t he enj oyment of t he life of t his world compared t o t he Hereaft er.) "What compares t o t he provision a t raveler t akes.'' ` Abdul-` Aziz bin Abi Hazim narrat ed t hat his fat her said, "When ` Abdul-` Aziz bin Marwan was dying he said, ` Bring t he shroud I will be covered wit h so t hat I inspect it .' When it was placed before him, he looked at it and said, ` Is t his what I will end up wit h from t his life' He t hen t urned his back and cried, while saying, ` Woe t o you, O life! Your abundance is t ruly lit t le, your lit t le is short lived, we were deceived by you.''' Allah warns t hose who do not j oin Jihad,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇よグあ バ∠ Α⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ レ∠ゎ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (If you march not fort h, He will punish you wit h a painful t orment ) Ibn ` Abbas said, "Allah's Messenger called some Arabs t o mobilize, but t hey lagged behind and Allah wit held rain from coming down on t hem, and t his was t heir t orment .'' Allah said,

び∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇メギ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and will replace you by anot her people), who will give aid t o His Prophet and est ablish his religion. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇メギ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ￢⊥ へ∠ゲボ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ャやぴ び∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ (And if you t urn away (from t he obedience t o Allah), He will exchange you for some ot her people and t hey will not be your likes.) ぴ47:38び

びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ロ⊥ ヱぁゲツ ⊥ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and you cannot harm Him at all), you can never harm Allah when you lag behind and st ay away from j oining Jihad,

び∀ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (and Allah is able t o do all t hings.) He is able t o dest roy t he enemies wit hout your help.

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ィ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∇クま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ル∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠ゎ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇クま͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ピ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ∇クま͡ リ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇をや ヶ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠を ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ゅ∠レバ∠ ョ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ラゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ ェ ͡ ゅ∠ダャ͡ る∠ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ キ∃ ヲ⊥レイ ⊥ よ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ Αｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ レ∠ Β͡ムシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ヤバ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇ヘジ ぁ ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや び ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ (40. If you help him (Muhammad ) not (it does not mat t er), for Allah did indeed help him when t he disbelievers drove him out , t he second of t he t wo; when t hey were bot h in t he cave, he said t o his companion: "Be not sad (or afraid), surely, Allah is wit h us.'' Then Allah sent down His Sakinah (calmness, t ranquillit y, peace) upon him, and st rengt hened him wit h forces (angels) which you saw not , and made t he word of t hose who disbelieved t he lowermost , while t he Word of Allah t hat became t he uppermost ; and Allah is All-Might y, All-Wise.)

Allah supports His Prophet Allah said,

び⊥ロヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠ゎ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (If you help him not ), if you do not support His Prophet , t hen it does not mat t er, for Allah will help, support , suffice and prot ect him, j ust as He did,

び͡リ∇Βレ∠ ∇をや ヶ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠を ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ィ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ (when t he disbelievers drove him out , t he second of t he t wo;) During t he year of t he Hij rah, t he idolat ors t ried t o kill, imprison or expel t he Prophet , who escaped wit h his friend and Companion, Abu Bakr bin Abi Quhafah, t o t he cave of Thawr. They remained in t he cave for t hree days so t hat t he pagans who were sent in t heir pursuit , ret urned (t o Makkah), and t hey proceed t o Al-Madinah. While in t he cave, Abu Bakr was afraid t he pagans might discover t hem for fear t hat some harm might t ouch t he Messenger . The Prophet kept reassuring him and st rengt hening his resolve, saying,

«ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ん⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠を ぶ ⊥ やリ ͡ Β∠レ∇をゅ͡よ マ ∠ レ⊥ ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩∃ゲ∇ムよ∠ ゅ∠よ∠ぺ ゅ∠Α» (O Abu Bakr! What do you t hink about t wo, wit h Allah as t heir t hird) Imam Ahmad recorded from Anas t hat Abu Bakr said t o him, "I said t o t he Prophet when we were in t he cave, ` If any of t hem looks down at his feet , he will see us.' He said,

«ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ん⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠を ぶ ⊥ やリ ͡ Β∠レ∇をゅ͡よ マ ∠ レ⊥ ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩∃ゲ∇ムよ∠ ゅ∠よ∠ぺ ゅ∠Α» (O Abu Bakr! What do you t hink about t wo wit h Allah as t heir t hird)'' This is recorded in t he Two Sahihs. This is why Allah said,

び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ レ∠ Β͡ムシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ぴ (Then Allah sent down His Sakinah upon him) sent His aid and t riumph t o His Messenger , or t hey say it refers t o Abu Bakr,

びゅ∠ワ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ キ∃ ヲ⊥レイ ⊥ よ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ Αｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and st rengt hened him wit h forces which you saw not ), t he angels,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇ヘジ ぁ ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや る∠ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠Β∇ヤバ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ ワ͡ (and made t he word of t hose who disbelieved t he lowermost , while t he Word of Allah t hat became t he uppermost ;) Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "'The word of t hose who disbelieved', is Shirk, while, ` The Word of Allah' is ` La ilaha illallah.'' It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari said, "The Messenger of Allah was asked about a man who fight s because of courage, or out of rage for his honor, or t o show off. Whom among t hem is in t he cause of Allah' The Prophet said,

ヶ͡プ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ヤバ⊥ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ぶ ͡ や る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャ͡ モ ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇リョ∠ » «ぶや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ (He who fight s so t hat Allah's Word is superior, t hen he fight s in Allah's cause.)'' Allah said next ,

び∀ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ

(and Allah is All-Might y), in His revenge and t aking ret ribut ion, He is t he Most Formidable and t hose who seek refuge wit h Him and t ake shelt er by adhering t o what He inst ruct s are never made t o suffer inj ust ice,

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ぴ (All-Wise), in His st at ement s and act ions.

∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ボを͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プゅ∠ヘカ ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ルやぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ (41. March fort h, whet her you are light or heavy, and st rive hard wit h your wealt h and your lives in t he cause of Allah. This is bet t er for you, if you but knew.)

Jihad is required in all Conditions Sufyan At h-Thawri narrat ed from his fat her from Abu Ad-Duha, Muslim bin Subayh, who said, "This Ayah,

び⇔Ιゅ∠ボを͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プゅ∠ヘカ ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ルやぴ (March fort h, whet her you are light or heavy) was t he first part t o be revealed from Surah Bara'ah.'' Mu` t amir bin Sulayman narrat ed t hat his fat her said, "Hadrami claimed t hat he was t old t hat some people used t o declare t hat t hey will not gain sin (if t hey lag behind t he forces of Jihad) because t hey are ill or old. This Ayah was revealed,

び⇔Ιゅ∠ボを͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プゅ∠ヘカ ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ルやぴ (March fort h, whet her you are light or heavy.)'' Allah commanded mass mobilizat ion t oget her wit h t he Messenger of Allah for t he bat t le of Tabuk, t o fight t he disbelieving, People of t he Book, t he Romans, Allah's enemies. Allah ordained t hat t he believers all march fort h wit h t he Messenger regardless whet her t hey felt act ive, lazy, at ease or had difficult circumst ances,

び⇔Ιゅ∠ボを͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プゅ∠ヘカ ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ルやぴ (March fort h, whet her you are light or heavy) ` Ali bin Zayd narrat ed t hat Anas said t hat Abu Talhah comment ed (on t his Ayah), "Whet her you are old or young, Allah did not leave an excuse for anyone.'' Abu Talhah marched t o Ash-Sham and fought unt il he was killed. In anot her narrat ion, Abu Talhah recit ed Surah Bara'ah unt il he reached t his Ayah,

∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ボを͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プゅ∠ヘカ ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ルやぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ (March fort h, whet her you are light or heavy, and st rive hard wit h your wealt h and your lives in t he cause of Allah.) He t hen said, "I see t hat Allah had called us t o mobilize whet her we are old or young. O my children! Prepare my supplies.'' His children said, ` May Allah grant you His mercy! You conduct ed Jihad along wit h t he Messenger of Allah unt il he died, t hen wit h Abu Bakr unt il he died, t hen wit h ` Umar unt il he died. Let us perform Jihad in your place.'' Abu Talhah refused and he went t o t he sea ぴunder t he command of Mu` awiyahび where he died. They could not find an island t o bury him on unt il nine days lat er, during which his body did not det eriorat e or change and t hey buried him on t he island. As-Suddi said,

び⇔Ιゅ∠ボを͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プゅ∠ヘカ ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ルやぴ (March fort h, whet her you are light or heavy), whet her you are rich, poor, st rong, or weak. A man came forward, and he was fat , complained, and asked for permission t o st ay behind ぴfrom Jihadび, but t he Prophet refused. Then t his Ayah,

び⇔Ιゅ∠ボを͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プゅ∠ヘカ ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ルやぴ (March fort h, whet her you are light or heavy) was revealed, and it became hard on t he people. So Allah abrogat ed it wit h t his Ayah,

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヘバ∠ ツ ぁ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ やク∠ ま͡ ァ ∀ ゲ∠ ェ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ び͡ヮャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥エダ ∠ ル∠ r(There is no blame on t hose who are weak or ill or who find no resources t o spend, if t hey are sincere and t rue (in dut y) t o Allah and His Messenger) ぴ9:91び.'' Ibn Jarir said t hat Hibban bin Zayd Ash-Shar` abi narrat ed t o him, "We mobilized our forces wit h Safwan bin ` Amr, who was t he governor of Hims t owards t he cit y of Ephsos appoint ed t o t he Jeraj ima Christ ian expat riat es (in Syria). I saw among t he army an old, yet act ive man, whose eyebrows had sunk over his eyes (from old age), from t he resident s of Damascus, riding on his animal. I said t o him, ` O uncle! Allah has given you an excuse (t o lag behind).' He said, ` O my nephew! Allah has mobilized us whet her we are light or heavy. Verily, t hose whom Allah loves, He t est s t hem. Then t o Allah is t heir ret urn and et ernal dwelling. Allah t est s from His servant s whoever t hanks (Him) and observes pat ience and remembrance of Him, all t he while worshipping Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, and worshipping none else.''' Next , Allah encourages spending in His cause and st riving wit h one's life in His pleasure and t he pleasure of His Messenger ,

∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ (and st rive hard wit h your wealt h and your lives in t he cause of Allah. This is bet t er for you, if you but knew.) Allah says, t his is bet t er for you in t his life and t he Hereaft er. You might spend small amount s, but Allah will reward you t he propert y of your enemy in t his life, as well as, t he honor t hat He will keep for you in t he Hereaft er. The Prophet said,

ヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ロ⊥ ゅｚプヲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ラま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ギ͡ ワ͡ ゅ∠イヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ぶ ⊥ やモ ∠ ヘｚ ム∠ ゎ∠ » ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ル ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ͡ ャ͡ゴ͡ ∇レョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ ｚキゲ⊥ Α∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∠るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや «る∠ヨΒ͡レビ ∠ (Allah promised t he Muj ahid in His cause t hat if He brings deat h t o him, He will ent er him int o Paradise. Or, He will ret urn him t o his house wit h what ever reward and war spoils he earns.) So Allah said;

ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ロ∇ゲミ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ぴ ∇やヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ワ∠ゲ∇ム∠ゎ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ゲｘ セ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ (Jihad is ordained for you (Muslims) t hough you dislike it , and it may be t hat you dislike a t hing which is good for you and t hat you like a t hing which is bad for you. Allah knows but you do not know.)ぴ2:216び Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t o a man,

«ユ͡ヤ∇シぺ∠» (Embrace Islam,) but t he man said, "I dislike doing so.'' The Messenger said,

«ゅ⇔ワケ͡ ゅ∠ミ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヤ͡∇シぺ∠» (Embrace Islam even if you dislike it ).''

ポ ∠ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ Ι ｚ や⇔ギタ ͡ ゅ∠ホ や⇔ゲヘ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔らΑ͡ゲホ∠ ゅ⇔ッゲ∠ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ ヲ͡ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΒ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ る⊥ ボｚ ゼ ぁ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇れギ∠ バ⊥ よ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∠ラヲ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ヰΑ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ∠ ガ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ (42. Had it been a near gain and an easy j ourney, t hey would have followed you, but t he dist ance was long for t hem; and t hey would swear by Allah: "If we only could, we would cert ainly have come fort h wit h you.'' They dest roy t hemselves, and Allah knows t hat t hey are liars.)

Why Hypocrites would not join in Jihad Allah admonishes t hose who lagged behind and did not j oin t he Prophet for t he bat t le of Tabuk, t hose who asked t he Prophet for permission t o remain behind, falsely pret ending t o have legit imat e reasons t o do so,

びゅ⇔らΑ͡ゲホ∠ ゅ⇔ッゲ∠ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ (Had it been a near gain), boot y right in front of t hem, according t o Ibn ` Abbas,

びや⇔ギタ ͡ ゅ∠ホ や⇔ゲヘ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and an easy j ourney), t ravel for only a short dist ance,

び∠ポヲ⊥バ∠らゎｚ Ι ｚぴ (t hey would have followed you.) But ,

び⊥るボｚ ゼ ぁ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇れギ∠ バ⊥ よ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (t he dist ance was long for t hem), t o Ash-Sham,

び͡ヮヤｚャゅ͡よ ∠ラヲ⊥ヘ͡ヤ∇エ∠Β∠シ∠ヱぴ (and t hey would swear by Allah), when you ret urn t o t hem,

び∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ∠ ガ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ヲ͡ ャ∠ぴ (If we only could, we would cert ainly have come fort h wit h you), had not t here been a valid excuse, we would have gone out wit h you,

び∠ラヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∠ラヲ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ヰΑ⊥ ぴ (They dest roy t hemselves, and Allah knows t hat t hey are liars.)

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ∠ ルク͡ ぺ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ レ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ヘハ ∠ぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ル⊥ ク͡ ∇ほわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ - ∠リΒ͡よ͡グ⇒∠ム∇ャや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ マ ∠ ル⊥ ク͡ ∇ほわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ろよ∠ ゅ∠ゎ∇ケや∠ヱ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥キキｚ ゲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ら͡ ∇Αケ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ (43. May Allah forgive you. Why did you grant t hem leave, unt il t hose who t old t he t rut h were manifest t o you, and you had known t he liars) (44. Those who believe in Allah and t he Last Day, would not ask your leave t o be exempt ed from fight ing wit h t heir propert ies and t heir lives; and Allah is t he All-Knower of t hose who have Taqwa.) (45. It is only t hose who believe not in Allah and t he Last Day and whose heart s are in doubt t hat ask your leave. So in t heir doubt s t hey waver.)

Moderately criticizing the Prophet for allowing the Hypocrites to stay behind Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Awn said, "Have you heard crit icism soft er t han t his, st art ing wit h forgiveness before crit icism,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ∠ ル͡クぺ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ レ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ヘハ ∠ぴ (May Allah forgive you. Why did you grant t hem leave...)'' Muwarriq Al-` Ij li and ot hers said similarly. Qat adah said, "Allah crit icized him as you read here, t hen lat er revealed t o him t he permission t o allow t hem t o lag behind if he want s, in Surat An-Nur,

ろ ∠ ∇ゃセ ͡ リ∠ヨャあ ラ∠ク∇ほプ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ∇ほセ ∠ ヂ ͡ ∇バら∠ ャ͡ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ルグ∠ ∇⇒わ∠ ∇シや や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ (So if t hey ask your permission for some affairs of t heirs, give permission t o whom you will of t hem) ぴ24:62び.'' ` At a' Al-Khurasani said similarly. Muj ahid said, "This Ayah was revealed about some people who said, ` Ask permission from t he Messenger of Allah ぴt o st ay behindび, and whet her he agrees, or disagrees, remain behind!''' Allah said,

び∇やヲ⊥ホギ∠ タ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (...unt il t hose who t old t he t rut h were manifest t o you), in reference t o valid excuses,

び∠リΒ͡よグ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and you had known t he liars) Allah says, ` Why did you not refuse t o give t hem permission t o remain behind when t hey asked you, so t hat you know t hose who t ruly obey you and t he liars, who were int ent on remaining behind even if you do not give t hem permission t o do so, Allah assert s t hat none who believe in Allah and His Messenger seek his permission t o remain behind from fight ing,

び∠マル⊥ ク͡ ∇ほわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (would not ask your leave), t o st ay behind from Jihad,

∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ (Those who believe in Allah and t he Last Day, t o be exempt ed from fight ing wit h t heir propert ies and t heir lives.) because t hey consider Jihad an act of worship. This is why when Allah called t hem t o perform Jihad, t hey obeyed and hast en t o act in His obedience,

び∠マル⊥ ク͡ ∇ほわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡レ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (and Allah is t he All-Knower of t hose who have Taqwa. Those who ask your leave), t o remain behind, wit hout a valid excuse,

び͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ

(t hose who believe not in Allah and t he Last Day), t hey do not hope for Allah's reward in t he Hereaft er for t heir good act ions,

び∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ろよ∠ ゅ∠ゎ∇ケや∠ヱぴ (and whose heart s are in doubt ), about t he validit y of what you brought t hem,

び∠ラヱ⊥キキｚ ゲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ら͡ ∇Αケ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (so in t heir doubt s t hey waver.) They waver in doubt , t aking one st ep forward and one st ep back. They do not have a firm st ance in anyt hing, for t hey are unsure and dest royed, neit her belonging t o t hese nor t o t hose. Verily, t hose whom Allah misguides, will never find a way for t hemselves t o guidance.

ロ∠ ゲ͡ ミ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ り⇔ ギｚ ハ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱぁギハ ∠Ε ∠ ァ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲガ ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥キや∠ケぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ -リ ∠ Α͡ギバ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギバ⊥ ∇ホや モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ト ∠ らｚ ん∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ を∠ ゅ∠バら͡ ルや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ∇やヲ⊥バッ ∠ ∇ヱΙ ∂ヱΙ ⇔ ゅ∠らカ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱ⊥キや∠コ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ムΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ∠ カ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ⇒ヨｚ シ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プヱ∠ る∠ レ∠ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤカ ͡ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャゅ͡よ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ (46. And if t hey had int ended t o march out , cert ainly, t hey would have made some preparat ion for it ; but Allah was averse t o t heir being sent fort h, so He made t hem lag behind, and it was said (t o t hem): "Sit among t hose who sit (at home).'') (47. Had t hey marched out wit h you, t hey would have added t o you not hing except disorder, and t hey would have hurried about in your midst (spreading corrupt ion) and sowing sedit ion among you -- and t here are some among you who would have list ened t o t hem. And Allah is t he All-Knower of t he wrongdoers.)

Exposing Hypocrites Allah said,

び∠ァヱ⊥ゲガ ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥キや∠ケぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And if t hey had int ended t o march out ,), wit h you t o part icipat e in Jihad

び⇔りギｚ ハ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱぁギ∠ハ∠Εぴ

(cert ainly, t hey would have made some preparat ion for it ) t hey would have prepared for such t ask,

び∇ユヰ⊥ を∠ ゅ∠バら͡ ルや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ロ∠ ゲ͡ ミ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but Allah was averse t o t heir being sent fort h) Allah hat ed t hat t hey should go wit h you,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ト ∠ らｚ ん∠ プ∠ ぴ (so He made t hem lag behind, and st ay away ぴfrom Jihadび,

び∠リΑ͡ギバ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギバ⊥ ∇ホや モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ ぴ (and it was said (t o t hem): "Sit you among t hose who sit (at home)'') as a part of what was decreed for t hem ぴnot t hat He legislat ed t hat t hey st ay behindび. Allah t hen explained why He disliked t hat t hey march wit h t he believers, saying,

び⇔Ιゅ∠らカ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱ⊥キや∠コ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ムΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ∠ カ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ (Had t hey marched out wit h you, t hey would have added t o you not hing except disorder), because t hey are cowards and failures,

び∠るレ∠ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤカ ͡ ∇やヲ⊥バッ ∠ ∇ヱΙ ∂ ヱぴ (and t hey would have hurried about in your midst sowing sedit ion among you) They would have rushed t o spread false st ories, hat red and discord among you,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ⇒ｚヨシ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プヱ∠ ぴ (and t here are some among you who would have list ened t o t hem.) who would have obeyed t hem, given preference t o t heir speech and words and asked t hem for advice, unaware of t he t rue realit y of t hese hypocrit es. This might have caused corrupt ion and great evil bet ween t he believers. Muhammad bin Ishaq said, "Those who sought permission (from t he Messenger t o lag behind) included some of t he chiefs, such as ` Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul and Al-Jadd bin Qays, who were mast ers of t heir people. Allah also made t hem lag behind because He knew t hat if t hey went along wit h t he Messenger t hey would sow sedit ion in his army.'' There were some in t he Prophet 's army who liked t hese chiefs and were ready t o obey t hem, because t hey considered t hem honorable,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ⇒ｚヨシ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プヱ∠ ぴ (and t here are some among you who would have list ened t o t hem) ぴ9:47び. Allah next reminds of His perfect knowledge, saying,

び∠リΒヨ͡ヤ⇒ｚヌャゅ͡よ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is t he All-Knower of t he wrongdoers.) Allah says t hat He knows what occurred, what will occur and if anyt hing would have occurred, how it would occur, such as,

び⇔Ιゅ∠らカ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱ⊥キや∠コ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ムΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ∠ カ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ (Had t hey marched out wit h you, t hey would have added t o you not hing except disorder,) indicat ing what t hey would have done had t hey marched, even t hough t hey did not . Allah said in similar Ayat ,

び∠ラヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギ⇒∠バャ∠ ∇やヱぁキケ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (But if t hey were ret urned (t o t he world), t hey would cert ainly revert t o t hat which t hey were forbidden. And indeed t hey are liars.) ぴ6:28び,

∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ヨ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ヨ∠ ∇シΕ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョぁ ユ⊥ワヱｚ ∇やヲｚャ∠ヲ∠わ∠ャ (Had Allah known of any good in t hem, He would indeed have made t hem list en; and even if He had made t hem list en, t hey would but have t urned away wit h aversion (t o t he t rut h)) ぴ8:23び, and,

ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇カや ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∠ラゅ∠ム∠ャ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ べ⇒ｚルギ⊥ ャｚ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠ゎΙ ∂ や⇔ク͡まヱ∠ - ゅ⇔わΒ͡ら∇んゎ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ゅ⇔デ∠ゲタ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ヰ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ (And if We had ordered t hem (saying), "Kill yourselves (t he innocent ones kill t he guilt y ones) or leave your homes,'' very few of t hem would have done it ; but if t hey had done what t hey were t old, it would have been bet t er for t hem, and would have st rengt hened t heir convict ion. And indeed We would t hen have best owed upon t hem a great reward from Ourselves. And indeed We would have guided t hem t o t he st raight way) ぴ4:66-68び.

ヴｚわェ ∠ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ョΕ ⊥ やマ ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らヤｚホ∠ ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ る∠ レ∠ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ ピ∠ わ∠ ∇よや ギ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ワゲ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ニ ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ィ (48. Verily, t hey had plot t ed sedit ion before, and had upset mat t ers for you, unt il t he t rut h (vict ory) came and t he decree of Allah became manifest t hough t hey hat ed it .)

Allah encourages His Prophet against hypocrites,

び∠ケヲ⊥ョΕ ⊥ やマ ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らヤｚホ∠ ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ る∠ レ∠ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ ピ∠ わ∠ ∇よや ギ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Verily, t hey had plot t ed sedit ion before, and had upset mat t ers for you,) ` For a long t ime,' Allah says, hypocrit es t hought and plot t ed against you and your Companions, as well as, failing and at t empt ing t o ext inguish your religion.' This occurred soon aft er t he Prophet migrat ed t o Al-Madinah, when pagan Arabs j oined force and t he Jews and hypocrit es of Al-Madinah waged war against t he Messenger . When Allah gave vict ory t o t he Prophet in Badr and raised high his word, ` Abdullah bin Ubayy and his fellows said, "This (Islam) is a mat t er t hat has prevailed.'' They embraced Islam out wardly, and whenever Allah elevat ed Islam and it s people in might , hypocrit es increased in rage and disappoint ment ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ワゲ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ニ ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ィ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il t he t rut h (vict ory) came and t he decree of Allah became manifest t hough t hey hat ed it .)

ヴ͡プ Ι∠ぺ ヴあレ͡わ∇ヘ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヶあャ ラ∠グ∇もや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャゅ͡よ ∀るト ∠ Β͡エヨ⊥ ャ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥トボ∠ シ ∠ る͡ レ∠ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャや (49. And among t hem is he who says: "Grant me leave and put me not int o t rial.'' Surely, t hey have fallen int o t rial. And verily, Hell is surrounding t he disbelievers.) Allah says, some hypocrit es say t o you, O Muhammad ,

びヶあャ ラ∠グ∇もやぴ (Grant me leave), t o st ay behind,

びヴあレわ͡ ∇ヘゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and put me not int o t rial.), if I go wit h you and see t he women of t he Romans. Allah, t he Exalt ed, replied,

び∇やヲ⊥トボ∠ シ ∠ る͡ レ∠ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ Ι∠ぺぴ 5(Surely, t hey have fallen int o t rial) because of t he st at ement t hey ut t ered. Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed from Az-Zuhri, Yazid bin Ruwman, ` Abdullah bin Abi Bakr, ` Asim bin Qat adah and several ot hers t hat t hey said, "The Messenger of Allah said t o Al-Jadd bin Qays from Bani Salimah,

«∨͡ゲヘ∠ ∇タほ∠∇ャや ヶ͡レよ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠ヤィ ∠ ヶ͡プ ュ∠ ゅ∠バ∇ャや ギぁ ィ ∠ ゅ∠Α マ ∠ ャ∠ ∇モワ∠ » (` Would you like t o fight t he yellow ones (Romans) t his year) He said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Give me permission (t o remain behind) and do not cause Fit nah for me. By Allah! My people know t hat t here is not a man who is more fond of women t han I. I fear t hat if I see t he women of t he yellow ones, I would not be pat ient .' The Messenger of Allah t urned away from him and said,

«マ∠ャ ろ ⊥ ∇ルク͡ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ » (I give you permission.) In Al-Jadd's case, t his Ayah was revealed,

びヴあレわ͡ ∇ヘゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヶあャ ラ∠グ∇もや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And among t hem is he who says: "Grant me leave and put me not int o t rial.'') Therefore, Allah says t hat t he Fit nah t hat he fell int o because of not j oining t he Messenger of Allah (in Jihad) and preferring his safet y t o t he safet y of t he Messenger is worse t han t he Fit nah t hat he falsely claimed t o fear.'' It was report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and several ot hers t hat t his Ayah was revealed in t he case of Al-Jadd bin Qays, who was among t he chiefs of Bani Salimah. It is also recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah asked,

«∨∠るヨ∠ ヤ∠シ ∠ ヶ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠Α ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ あΒシ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » (Who is your chief, O Bani Salamah) They said, "Al-Jadd bin Qays, alt hough we consider him a miser.'' The Messenger of Allah said,

ヴ∠わヘ∠ ∇ャや ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ あΒシ ∠ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇ガら⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ￢∃ や∠キ ヵ ぁ ぺ∠ヱ∠ » «ケヱ⊥ゲ∇バョ∠ リ ͡ ∇よ ￢͡ や∠ゲら∠ ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇よ ゲ⊥ ∇ゼよ͡ ヂ ⊥ Β∠ ∇よほ∠∇ャや ギ⊥ ∇バイ ∠ ∇ャや (There is not a disease worse t han st inginess! Therefore, your chief is t he whit e young man wit h curly hair, Bishr bin Al-Bara' bin Ma'rur.) Allah said next ,

び∠リΑ͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャゅ͡よ ∀るト ∠ Β͡エヨ⊥ ャ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(And verily, Hell is surrounding t he disbelievers.) and t hey will never be able t o avoid, avert , or escape from it .

∀るら∠ Β͡ダョ⊥ マ ∠ ∇らダ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ぽジ ⊥ ゎ∠ る∀ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ マ ∠ ∇らダ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱｚ ∇やヲｚャヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ルゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠レら∠ Β͡ダΑ⊥ リｚャ モ⊥ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ェゲ͡ プ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ゅ∠レ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ (50. If good befalls you, it grieves t hem, but if a calamit y overt akes you, t hey say: "We t ook our precaut ion beforehand,'' and t hey t urn away rej oicing.) (51. Say: "Not hing shall ever happen t o us except what Allah has ordained for us. He is our Mawla (prot ect or).'' And in Allah let t he believers put t heir t rust .)

Allah emphasizes the enmity that the hypocrites have for the Prophet . a blessing, such as vict ory and t riumph over t he enemies, is given t o t he Prophet , t hus pleasing him and his Companions, it grieves t he hypocrit es,

リ͡ョ ゅ∠ルゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∀る∠らΒ͡ダョ⊥ マ ∠ ∇らダ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び⊥モ∇らホ∠ (but if a calamit y overt akes you, t hey say: "We t ook our precaut ion beforehand,''), t hey say, we t ook precaut ions when we did not j oin him,

び∠ラヲ⊥ェゲ͡ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱｚ ∇やヲｚャヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey t urn away rej oicing.) Allah direct ed His Prophet t o reply t o t he perfect enmit y t hey have t owards him,

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say), t o t hem,

びゅ∠レャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠レら∠ Β͡ダΑ⊥ リｚャぴ

(Not hing shall ever happen t o us except what Allah has ordained for us.) for we are under His cont rol and decree,

びゅ∠レ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He is our Mawla.), Mast er and prot ect or,

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (And in Allah let t he believers put t heir t rust ) ぴ9:51び, and we t rust in Him. Verily, He is sufficient for us and what an excellent guardian.

リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇ΒΒ∠ レ∠ ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ギ∇ェ͡ま Ι ∠ ま͡ べ∠レ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ダよｚ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ∇ヱぺ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ら∠ Β͡ダΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ゾ ⊥ よｚ ゲ∠ わ∠ ル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ル∠ぺ ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ダよあ ゲ∠ わ∠ ョぁ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ダよｚ ゲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠レΑ͡ギ∇Α∠ほ͡よ ゅ⇔ ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ モ ∠ らｚ ボ∠ わ∠ Α⊥ リｚャ ゅ⇔ワ∇ゲミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ハ∇ヲデ ∠ Ι ∠ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ボヘ∠ ル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ボゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠プ Ι ｚ ま͡ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シゲ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ワゲ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠ジミ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ (52. Say: "Do you wait for us (anyt hing) except one of t he t wo best t hings; while we await for you eit her t hat Allah will afflict you wit h a punishment from Himself or at our hands. So wait , we t oo are wait ing wit h you.'') (53. Say: "Spend willingly or unwillingly, it will not be accept ed from you. Verily, you are ever a people who are rebellious.'') (54. And not hing prevent s t heir cont ribut ions from being accept ed from t hem except t hat t hey disbelieved in Allah and in His Messenger, and t hat t hey came not t o t he Salah except in a lazy st at e, and t hat t hey offer not cont ribut ions but unwillingly.) Allah said,

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say), O Muhammad t o t hem,

びべ∠レよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ダよｚ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ ぴ (Do you wait for us), anyt hing,

び͡リ∇ΒΒ∠ レ∠ ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ギ∇ェ͡ま Ι ∠ ま͡ぴ (except one of t he t wo best t hings), mart yrdom or vict ory over you, according t o t he meaning given by Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Qat adah, and ot hers.

び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ゾ ⊥ よｚ ゲ∠ わ∠ ル∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (while we await for you), t hat t his will t ouch you,

びゅ∠レΑ͡ギ∇Αほ∠よ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ら∠ Β͡ダΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺぴ (eit her t hat Allah will afflict you wit h a punishment from Himself or at our hands), eit her capt ure or killing,

び∠ラヲ⊥ダよあ ゲ∠ わ∠ ョぁ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ダよｚ ∠ゲ∠わ∠プぴ (So wait , we t oo are wait ing wit h you.) Allah said next ,

び⇔ゅワ∇ゲ∠ミ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ハ∇ヲデ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ル∠ぺ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: Spend willingly or unwillingly), for what ever you spend eit her way,

び∠リΒ͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠プ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ モ ∠ らｚ ボ∠ わ∠ Α⊥ リｚャぴ (it will not be accept ed from you. Verily, you are ever a people who are rebellious.) Allah ment ions t he reason behind not accept ing t heir charit y from t hem,

び͡ヮャ͡ヲ⊥シゲ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ Ι ∠ ま͡ぴ (except t hat t hey disbelieved in Allah and in His Messenger. ) and t he deeds are accept ed if t hey are preceded wit h fait h,

びヴ∠ャゅ∠ジミ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat t hey came not t o t he Salah except in a lazy st at e.) Therefore, t hey neit her have good int ent ion nor eagerness t o perform t he act s ぴof fait hび,

∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ Ι ∠ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ボヘ∠ ル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ボゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シゲ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ワゲ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲボ⊥ ヘ͡ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠ジミ⊥ (And not hing prevent s t heir cont ribut ions from being accept ed from t hem except t hat t hey disbelieved in Allah and in His Messenger, and t hat t hey came not t o t he Salah (t he prayer) except in a lazy st at e, and t hat t hey offer not cont ribut ions but unwillingly.) The Trut hful, t o whom t he Trut h was revealed, Muhammad, peace be upon him, said t hat Allah does not st op giving rewards unt il you (believers) st op performing good deeds, and t hat Allah is Tayyib ぴGood and Pureび and only accept s what is Tayyib. This is why Allah does not accept charit y or good deeds from t he people described in t hese Ayat , because He only accept s it from t hose who have Taqwa.

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇らイ ͡ ∇バゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ペ ∠ ワ∠ ∇ゴゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ (55. So let not t heir wealt h nor t heir children amaze you; in realit y Allah's plan is t o punish t hem wit h t hese t hings in t he life of t his world, and t hat t heir souls shall depart (die) while t hey are disbelievers.) Allah says t o His Messenger ,

び∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇らイ ͡ ∇バゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So let not t heir wealt h nor t heir children amaze you...) In similar Ayat , Allah said,

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ゅ⇔ィ∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇バわｚ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ ∇Βレ∠ ∇Βハ ∠ ラ ｚ ギｚ ヨ⊥ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ベ ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ わ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや り∠ ゲ∠ ∇ワコ∠ び ヴ∠ボ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ (And st rain not your eyes in longing for t he t hings We have given for enj oyment t o various groups of t hem, t he splendor of t he life of t his world, t hat We may t est t hem t hereby. But t he provision (good reward in t he Hereaft er) of your Lord is bet t er and more last ing) ぴ20:131び, and,

- リ ∠ Β͡レよ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∃ ゅｚョ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁギヨ͡ ル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ｚ モよ∠ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ネ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ジル⊥ (Do t hey t hink t hat in wealt h and children wit h which We enlarge t hem. We hast en unt o t hem wit h good t hings. Nay, but t hey perceive not .) ぴ23:55-56び. Allah said next ,

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (in realit y Allah's plan is t o punish t hem wit h t hese t hings in t he life of t his world,) by t aking t he Zakah due on t heir money from t hem and spending it in Allah's cause, according t o t he meaning given by Al-Hasan Al-Basri. Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ペ ∠ ワ∠ ∇ゴゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat t heir souls shall depart while t hey are disbelievers) means, so t hat when Allah brings deat h t o t hem, t hey will st ill be disbelievers, t o make mat t ers worse for t hem and t he t orment more severe. We seek refuge from such an end, which includes being led ast ray gradually by t hese t hings which t hey have.

∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ヨャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ヱぺ∠ れ ∃ や∠ゲ⇒∠ピョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∠イ∇ヤョ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ヲャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホゲ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ャｚ Κ ⇔カ ∠ ギｚ ョ⊥ (56. They swear by Allah t hat t hey are t ruly of you while t hey are not of you, but t hey are a people (hypocrit es) who are afraid (t hat you may kill t hem).) (57. Should t hey find a refuge, or caves, or a place of concealment , t hey would t urn st raight way t heret o wit h a swift rush.)

Exposing Hypocrites' Fright and Fear Allah describes t o His Prophet t he fright , fear, anxiet y and nervousness of t he hypocrit es,

び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ヨャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡ヰ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΑ∠ ぴ (They swear by Allah t hat t hey are t ruly of you), swearing a sure oat h,

び∇ユム⊥ レあョ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(while t hey are not of you), in realit y,

び∠ラヲ⊥ホゲ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but t hey are a people who are afraid), and t his is what made t hem swear.

び⇔ゅゃ∠イ∇ヤョ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ (Should t hey find a refuge), such as a fort in which t hey hide and fort ify t hemselves,

び∃れや∠ゲ⇒∠ピョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or caves), in some mount ains,

び⇔Κカ ∠ ギｚ ョ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or a place of concealment ), a t unnel or a hole in t he ground, according t o t he explanat ion given by Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and Qat adah,

び∠ラヲ⊥エヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ャｚぴ (t hey would t urn st raight way t heret o wit h a swift rush) away from you because t hey associat e wit h you unwillingly, not because t hey are fond of you. They prefer t hat t hey do not have t o mix wit h you, but necessit y has it s rules! It is because of t his t hat t hey feel grief, sadness and sorrow, seeing Islam and it s people enj oying ever more might , t riumph and glory. Therefore, what ever pleases Muslims brings t hem grief, and t his is why t hey prefer t o disassociat e t hemselves from t he believers. Hence Allah's st at ement ,

∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ャｚ Κ ⇔カ ∠ ギｚ ョ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ れ ∃ や∠ゲ⇒∠ピョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∠イ∇ヤョ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ (Should t hey find a refuge, or caves, or a place of concealment , t hey would t urn st raight way t heret o wit h a swift rush.)

∇やヲ⊥ト∇ハぺ⊥ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ホギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ポ ∠ ゴ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ヤΑ∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クま͡ ゅ∠ヰレ͡ョ ∇や∇ヲト ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッケ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥トガ ∠ ∇ジΑ∠

∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ョ ∇や∇ヲッ ⊥ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ べｚル͡ま ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠レΒ͡ゎ∇ぽΒ⊥ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠レら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らビ ͡ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ (58. And of t hem are some who accuse you concerning (t he dist ribut ion of) t he alms. If t hey are given part t hereof, t hey are pleased, but if t hey are not given t hereof, behold! They are enraged!) (59. Would t hat t hey were cont ent wit h what Allah and His Messenger gave t hem and had said: "Allah is sufficient for us. Allah will give us of His bount y, and so will His Messenger. We implore Allah (t o enrich us).'')

Hypocrites question the Integrity of the Messenger when distributing Alms Allah said next ,

び⊥ユヰ⊥ ∇レ͡ョ∠ヱぴ (And of t hem), among t he hypocrit es,

び∠ポゴ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ヤΑ∠ リｚョぴ (who accuse you) or quest ion your int egrit y,

びヴ͡プぴ (concerning), division of,

び͡ろ⇒∠ホギ∠ ダ ｚ ャやぴ (t he alms), when you divide t hem. They quest ion your fairness, even t hough it is t hey who deserve t hat t heir int egrit y be quest ioned. The hypocrit es do not do t his in defense of t he religion, but t o gain more for t hemselves. This is why,

びゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ト∇ハぺ⊥ぴ (If t hey are given) meaning, from t he Zakah,

び∠ラヲ⊥トガ ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クま͡ ゅ∠ヰレ͡ョ ∇や∇ヲト ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッケ∠ ぴ (They are pleased, but if t hey are not given t hereof, behold! They are enraged!) ぴ9:58び, angry for t hemselves. Qat adah comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ろ⇒∠ホギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ポ ∠ ゴ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ヤΑ∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And of t hem are some who accuse you concerning t he alms. ) "Allah says, ` Some of t hem quest ion your int egrit y in t he mat t er of dist ribut ion of t he alms.' We were t old t hat a bedouin man, who had recent ly embraced Islam, came t o t he Prophet , when he was dividing some gold and silver, and said t o him, ` O Muhammad! Even t hough Allah commanded you t o divide in fairness, you have not done so.' The Prophet of Allah said,

«∨ヵ͡ギ∇バよ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ⊥ ギ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや や∠ク ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇Αヱ∠ » (Woe t o you! Who would be fair t o you aft er me t hen) The Prophet of Allah said next ,

や∠グワ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇セぺ∠ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ワ∠ ゅ∠ら∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ や∠グワ∠ やヱ⊥ケグ∠ ∇ェや» やヲ⊥ィゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ホや∠ゲゎ∠ コ⊥ ヱ͡ ゅ∠イΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ラ ∠ へゲ⊥ボ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゲ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ やヲ⊥ィゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠クま͡ ｚユを⊥ ∩∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プ やヲ⊥ィゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠クま͡ ｚユを⊥ ∩∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホ∇ゅプ∠ «ユ⊥ワヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プ (Beware of t his man and his likes! There are similar persons in my Ummah who recit e t he Qur'an, but t he Qur'an will not go beyond t heir t hroat . If t hey rise (against Muslims rulers) t hen kill t hem, if t hey rise, kill t hem, t hen if t hey rise kill t hem.) We were also t old t hat t he Prophet of Allah used t o say,

ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» «ラ͡コゅ∠カ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨム⊥ バ⊥ レ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ (By He in Whose Hand is my life! I do not give or wit hhold anyt hing; I am only a keeper.)'' This st at ement from Qat adah is similar t o t he Hadit h t hat t he Two Shaykhs narrat ed from Abu Sa` id about t he st ory of Dhul-Khuwaysirah, whose name was Hurqus. Hurqus prot est ed against t he Prophet 's division of t he war spoils of Hunayn, saying, "Be fair, for you have not been fair!'' The Prophet said,

«メ͡ギ∇ハぺ∠ ∇リミ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラま͡ れ ⊥ ∇ゲジ ͡カ ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇らカ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠»

(I would have become a loser and a failure if I was not fair!) The Messenger said aft er t hat man left ,

∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ボ͡ ∇エΑ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ や∠グワ∠ ￢͡ ヴ͡ツ∇ゃッ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡» ∩∇ユヰ͡ ョ͡ ゅ∠Βタ ͡ ノ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βタ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ノ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ∩͡るΒｚ ョ͡ ゲｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ͡ ∇ヰジ ｚ ャや ベ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ リ ͡ Αあギャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホゲ⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わ∠ホ ゲぁ セ ∠ ユ∇ヰルｚ み͡プ∠ ∧∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲヨ⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠レ∇Α∠ほ∠プ «￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ユ͡ Α͡キぺ∠ (Among t he offspring of t his man will be some wit h whose prayer, when one of you sees it , would belit t le his prayer, and his fast as compared t o t heir fast . They will be renegades from t he religion, j ust like an arrow goes t hrough t he game's body. Wherever you find t hem, kill t hem, for verily, t hey are t he worst dead people under t he cover of t he sky.) Allah said next , while direct ing such people t o what is more beneficial for t hem t han t heir behavior,

∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ョ ∇や∇ヲッ ⊥ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ べｚル͡ま ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠レΒ͡ゎ∇ぽΒ⊥ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠レら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らビ ͡ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ (Would t hat t hey were cont ent wit h what Allah and His Messenger gave t hem and had said: "Allah is sufficient for us. Allah will give us of His bount y, and so will His Messenger (from alms). We implore Allah (t o enrich us).'') This honorable Ayah cont ains a gracious t ype of conduct and an honorable secret . Allah list ed; cont ent ment wit h what He and His Messenger give, t rust ing in Allah alone -- by saying;

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ゅ∠レら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey had said: Allah is suff icient for us), and hoping in Allah alone, and He made t hese t he indicat ions of obedience t o t he Messenger , adhering t o his commands, avoiding his prohibit ions, believing his narrat ions and following his foot st eps.

リ ∠ Β͡ヤヨ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ͡ Β͡ム⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ へ∠ゲボ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ホギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ⇒∠ピ∇ャや∠ヱ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ホゲあ ャや ヴ͡プヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ る͡ ヘ∠ ャｚぽ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ る⇔ ツ ∠ Α͡ゲプ∠ モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ͡ ∇よや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プヱ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (60. As-Sadaqat (i.e., Zakah) are only for t he Fuqara', and Al-Masakin and t hose employed t o collect (t he funds); and t o at t ract t he heart s of t hose who have been inclined (t owards Islam); and t o free t he capt ives; and for t hose in debt ; and for Allah's cause, and for Ibn As-Sabil; a dut y imposed by Allah. And Allah is All-Knower, All-Wise.)

Expenditures of Zakah (Alms) Aft er Allah ment ioned t he prot est t hat t he ignorant hypocrit es ment ioned t o t he Prophet about t he dist ribut ion of alms. He st at ed t hat it is He who divided t he alms, explained it s rulings and decided in it s division; He did not delegat e t his decision t o anyone else. Allah ment ioned t he expendit ures of Zakah in t his Ayah, st art ing wit h t he Fuqara' (t he poor) because t hey have more need t han t he ot her cat egories, since t heir need is pressing and precarious. It was report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Ibn Zayd and several ot hers said t hat t he Faqir is a graceful person who does not ask anyone for anyt hing, while t he Miskin is t he one who follows aft er people, begging. Qat adah said, "The Faqir is t he ill person, while t he Miskin is physically fit .'' We will now ment ion t he Hadit hs about each of t hese eight cat egories

The Fuqara' (Poor) Ibn ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ヵ͡ヲシ ∠ り∃ ゲｚ ョ͡ ヵ͡グ͡ャ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヶ ∠ レ͡ ピ∠ ャ͡ る⊥ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや モ ぁエ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» (The alms should not be given t o t he wealt hy and t he physically fit .) Ahmad, Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi collect ed t his Hadit h

The Masakin (Needy) Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ フ ⊥ ヲ⊥トΑ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや フ ͡ やｚヲト ｚ ャや や∠グヰ∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ Β͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠» り⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ヨわｚ ャや∠ヱ ∩͡ラゅ∠わヨ∠ ∇ボヤぁャや∠ヱ る⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ボヤぁャや ロ⊥ ぁキゲ⊥ わ∠ プ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや «ラゅ∠ゎゲ∠ ∇ヨわｚ ャや∠ヱ ベやメヱや: フュラ やメュサポヵラ ヵや ケサヱメ やメメロ∨ ベやメ:

ベ ∠ ギｚ ダ ∠ わ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ト ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩͡ヮΒ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ ヴ⇔レビ ͡ ギ⊥ イ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ ヵ͡グャｚや» «ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや メ ⊥ ほ∠∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (The needy person is not t he one who goes round t he people and asks t hem for a mout hful or t wo (of meals) or a dat e or t wo). They asked, "Then who is t he needy person, O Allah's Messenger!'' He said, (The one who does not have enough t o sat isfy his needs and whose condit ion is not known t o ot hers, t hat ot hers may give him somet hing in charit y, and who does not beg of people.) The Two Shaykhs collect ed t his Hadit h

Those employed to collect Alms Those employed t o collect alms deserve a part of t he alms, unless t hey are relat ives of t he Messenger of Allah , who are not allowed t o accept any Sadaqah. Muslim recorded t hat ` AbdulMut t alib bin Rabi` ah bin Al-Harit h and Al-Fadl bin Al-` Abbas went t o t he Messenger of Allah asking him t o employ t hem t o collect t he alms. The Messenger replied,

ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∩∃ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ メ ͡ べ͡ャ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ヨ⊥ ャ͡ モ ぁエ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ る∠ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» «サゅｚレャや ォ ⊥ ゅ∠シ∇ヱぺ∠ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ (Verily, t he alms are not allowed for Muhammad nor t he relat ives of Muhammad, for it is only t he dirt t hat t he people discard.) Al-Mu'allafat u Qulubuhum There are several t ypes of AlMu'allafat u Qulubuhum. There are t hose who are given alms t o embrace Islam. For inst ance, t he Prophet of Allah gave somet hing t o Safwan bin Umayyah from t he war spoils of Hunayn, even t hough he at t ended it while a Mushrik. Safwan said, "He kept giving me unt il he became t he dearest person t o me aft er he had been t he most hat ed person t o me.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Safwan bin Umayyah said, "The Messenger of Allah gave me (from t he spoils of) Hunayn while he was t he most hat eful person t o me. He kept giving me unt il he became t he most beloved person t o me.'' Muslim and At -Tirmidhi collect ed t his Hadit h, as well. Some of AlMu'allafat u Qulubuhum are given from alms so t hat t hey become bet t er in Islam and t heir heart firmer in fait h. For inst ance, t he Prophet gave some of t he chiefs of t he Tulaqa' a hundred camels each aft er t he bat t le of Hunayn, saying,

ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヶ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ょ ぁ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ヶ͡ト∇ハほ⊥ャ∠ ヶあルま͡» «ユｚレヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ル ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ｚらム͡ Α⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ る∠ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ (I give a man (from t he alms) while anot her man is dearer t o me t han him, for fear t hat Allah might t hrow him on his face in t he fire of Jahannam.) It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Abu Sa` id said t hat ` Ali sent t he Messenger of Allah a gold nugget st ill in it s dirt from Yemen. The Prophet divided it bet ween four men: Al-Aqra` bin Habis, ` Uyaynah bin Badr, ` Alqamah bin ` Ulat hah and Zayd Al-Khayr, saying,

«ユ⊥ヰヘ⊥ ャｚほ∠ゎ∠ ぺ∠»

(To draw t heir heart s closer.) Some people are given because some of his peers might embrace Islam, while ot hers are given t o collect alms from surrounding areas, or t o defend Muslim out post s. Allah knows best .

The Riqab Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Muqat il bin Hayyan, ` Umar bin ` Abdul-` Aziz, Sa` id bin Jubayr, An-Nakha` i, Az-Zuhri and Ibn Zayd said Riqab means t hose slaves who make an agreement wit h t he mast er t o pay a cert ain ransom for t heir freedom.'' Similar was report ed from Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari. Ibn ` Abbas and Al-Hasan said, "It is allowed t o use Zakah funds t o buy t he freedom of slaves,'' indicat ing t hat ` Riqab' has more general meanings t han merely giving money t o slaves t o buy t heir freedom or one's buying a slave and freeing him on an individual basis. A Hadit h st at es t hat for every limb ぴof t he servant び freed, Allah frees a limb of t he one who freed him from slavery, even a sexual organ for a sexual organ, for t he reward is equit able t o t he deed,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And you will be requit ed not hing except for what you used t o do.) ぴ37:39び

Virtue of freeing Slaves In t he Musnad, t here is a Hadit h from Al-Bara' bin ` Azib t hat a man asked, "O Allah's Messenger! Direct me t o an act ion t hat draws me closer t o Paradise and away from t he Fire.'' The Messenger of Allah said,

«る∠らホ∠ ゲｚ ャや ｚマプ⊥ ヱ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ジ ∠ レｚ ャや ペ ͡ わ͡ ∇ハぺ∠» (Emancipat e t he person and free t he neck (slave).) The man asked, "O Allah's Messenger! Are t hey not one and t he same'' He said,

る͡ ら∠ ホ∠ ゲｚ ャや マ ぁ プ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰボ͡ ∇わバ͡ よ͡ キ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ジ ∠ レｚ ャや ペ ⊥ ∇わハ ͡ ∩ゅ∠ャ» «ゅ∠ヰレ͡ ヨ∠ を∠ ヶ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡バゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ (No, you emancipat e a person by freeing him on your own, but you unt ie a neck (slave) by helping in it s price.)

Al-Gharimun (the Indebted There are several t ypes of indebt ed persons. They include t hose who incur expenses in solving disput es bet ween people, t hose who guarant ee a loan t hat became due, causing financial st rain t o t hem, and t hose whose funds do not sufficient ly cover t heir debt s. It also includes t hose who indulged in a sin and repent ed from it . These t ypes have a right t o a part of alms

ぴdesignat ed for Al-Gharimunび. Qabisah bin Mukhariq Al-Hilali said, "I carried a debt ぴresolving a disput e bet ween peopleび and went t o t he Messenger of Allah asking him t o help pay it . The Messenger said,

«ゅ∠ヰ͡よ マ ∠ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ほレ∠ プ∠ る⊥ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユホ͡ ぺ∠» (Be pat ient unt il some alms are brought t o us so t hat we give it t o you.) He t hen said,

:る∃ を∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ ゅｚャま͡ モ ぁエ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ る∠ ャ∠ほ∠∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ る⊥ ダ ∠ Β͡らホ∠ ゅ∠Α» ヴｚわェ ∠ る⊥ ャ∠ほ∠∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろヤｚエ ∠ プ∠ る⇔ ャ∠ゅ∠ヨェ ∠ モ ∠ ヨｚ エ ∠ ゎ∠ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ る∀ エ ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ィ ヮ⊥ ∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠マジ ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠ヰら∠ Β͡ダΑ⊥ ょ ∠ Β͡ダΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ る⊥ ャ∠ほ∠∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろヤｚエ ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ョ ∇ろェ ∠ ゅ∠わ∇ィや モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ズ ∃ ∇Βハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ や⇔キや∠ギシ ͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ ズ ∃ ∇Βハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ⇔ョや∠ヲホ͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠イエ ͡ ∇ャや ヵ͡ヱク∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀る∠をゅ∠ヤ∠を ュ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∀る∠ホゅ∠プ ヮ⊥ ∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∀る∠ホゅ∠プ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ∇ろよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ る͡ よ∠ や∠ゲホ∠ ズ ∃ ∇Βハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ⇔ョや∠ヲホ͡ ょ ∠ Β͡ダΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩⊥るャ∠ほ∠∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろヤｚエ ∠ プ∠ る͡ ャ∠ほ∠∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ｚリワ⊥ や∠ヲシ ͡ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ズ ∃ ∇Βハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ や⇔キや∠ギシ ͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ «ゅ⇔わ∇エシ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰら⊥ ͡ェゅ∠タ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∀ろ∇エシ ⊥ (O Qabisah! Begging is only allowed for t hree: a man who incurred debt s solving disput es, so he is allowed t o beg unt il he collect s it s amount and t hen st ops. A man who was inflict ed by a disast er t hat consumed his wealt h, he is allowed t o beg unt il he collect s what suffices for his livelihood. And a man who was overcome by povert y, t hat t hree wise relat ives of his st and up and proclaim, ` So-and-so was overcome by povert y.' This man is allowed t o beg unt il he collect s what sust ains his livelihood. Ot her t han t hese cases, begging is an unlawful amount t hat one illegally devours.) Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h. Abu Sa` id said, "During t he t ime of t he Messenger of Allah , a man was st ruck by disast er because of fruit s t hat he bought , causing him ext ensive debt s. The Prophet said,

«ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ やヲ⊥ホギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ »

(Give him charit y.) The people did t hat but t he amount collect ed did not cover his debt s. The Prophet said t o t he man's debt ors,

«マ͡ャク∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ やヱ⊥グカ ⊥» (Take what was collect ed, you will have not hing beyond t hat .)'' Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h.

In the Cause of Allah In t he cause of Allah is exclusive for t he benefit of t he fight ers in Jihad, who do not receive compensat ion from t he Muslim Treasury.

Ibn As-Sabil (Wayfarer) Ibn As-Sabil is a t erm used for t he needy t raveler in a land, where he does not have what helps him cont inue his t rip. This t ype has a share in t he Zakah for what suffices him t o reach his dest inat ion, even if he had money t here. The same is t rue for whoever int ends t o t ravel from his area but does not have enough money. This t ype also has a share in t he Zakah money t o suffice for his t rip and back. This is proven in t he Ayah as well as t he following Hadit h. Imams Abu Dawud and Ibn Maj ah recorded t hat Ma` mar said t hat Zayd bin Aslam said t hat ` At a' bin Yasar said t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∃ ョ͡ ゅ∠バャ͡ :る∃ ジ ∠ ∇ヨガ ∠ ャ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ヶ ∠ レ͡ ピ∠ ャ͡ る⊥ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや モ ぁエ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» ヶ͡プ コ∃ ゅ∠ビ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∃ュケ͡ ゅ∠ビ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩͡ヮャ͡ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ∠ワや∠ゲわ∠ ∇セや モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ン∠ギ∇ワほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ベ ∠ あギダ ⊥ ゎ⊥ リ ∃ Β͡ム∇ジョ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩͡ぶや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ «ヶ͡レピ∠ ャ͡ (Sadaqah is not right ful for a wealt hy person except in five cases: t hose employed t o collect it , one who bought a charit y it em wit h his money, a Gharim (debt or), a fight er in t he cause of Allah, or a poor man who get s a part of t he Zakah so he gives it as a gift t o a rich man.) Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ヮヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ る⇔ ツ ∠ Α͡ゲプ∠ ぴ (a dut y imposed by Allah), means, a decision, decree and division ordained by Allah,

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is All-Knower, All-Wise), knowledgeable of all t hings out wardly and inwardly and what benefit s His servant s,

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ぴ (All-Wise), in all what he declares, does, legislat es and decides, t here is no t rue deit y or lord except Him.

∇モホ⊥ ∀ラク⊥ ぺ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ｚ ら͡ レｚャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ク∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ⊥ ク⊥ ぺ⊥ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ク∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (61. And among t hem are men who annoy t he Prophet and say: "He is (lending his) ear (t o every news).'' Say: "He list ens t o what is best for you; he believes in Allah; has fait h in t he believers; and is a mercy t o t hose of you who believe.'' But t hose who annoy Allah's Messenger, will have a painful t orment .)

Hypocrites annoy the Prophet Allah says, some hypocrit es bot her t he Messenger of Allah by quest ioning his charact er, saying,

び∀ラク⊥ ぺ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (he is (lending his) ear), t o t hose who say anyt hing about us; he believes whoever t alks t o him. Therefore, if we went t o him and swore, he would believe us. Similar was report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and Qat adah. Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ⊥ ク⊥ ぺ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "He list ens t o what is best for you''), he knows who's saying t he t rut h and who is lying,

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ぴ (he believes in Allah; has fait h in t he believers), he believes t he believers,

び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and is a mercy t o t hose of you who believe''), and a proof against t he disbelievers,

び∀ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ク∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (But t hose who annoy Allah's Messenger, will have a painful t orment .)

ペ ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ッ∇ゲΒ⊥ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΑ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ッ∇ゲΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ や⇔ギ͡ャゅ∠カ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ル ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ほ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや キ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠エΑ⊥ リ∠ョ び ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ン ⊥ ∇ゴガ ͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (62. They swear by Allah t o you (Muslims) in order t o please you, but it is more fit t ing t hat t hey should please Allah and His Messenger, if t hey are believers.) (63. Know t hey not t hat whoever opposes and shows host ilit y t o Allah and His Messenger, cert ainly for him will be t he fire of Hell t o abide t herein. That is t he ext reme disgrace.)

Hypocrites revert to Lies to please People Qat adah said about Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ッ∇ゲΒ⊥ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΑ∠ ぴ (They swear by Allah t o you (Muslims) in order t o please you) "A hypocrit e man said, ` By Allah! They (hypocrit es) are our chiefs and mast ers. If what Muhammad says is t rue, t hey are worse t han donkeys.' A Muslim man heard him and declared, ` By Allah! What Muhammad says is t rue and you are worse t han a donkey!' The Muslim man conveyed what happened t o t he Prophet who summoned t he hypocrit e and asked him,

«∨∠ろ∇ヤホ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (What made you say what you said) That man invoked curses on himself and swore by Allah t hat he never said t hat . Meanwhile, t he Muslim man said, ` O Allah! Assert t he t rut h of t he t rut hful and expose t he lies of t he liar.' Allah revealed t his Verse.''' Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ヮ∠ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや キ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠エΑ⊥ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Know t hey not t hat whoever opposes and shows host ilit y t o Allah and His Messenger,) means, have t hey not come t o know and realize t hat t hose who defy, oppose, wage war and rej ect Allah, t hus becoming on one side while Allah and His Messenger on anot her side,

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ や⇔ギ͡ャゅ∠カ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ル ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (cert ainly for him will be t he fire of Hell t o abide t herein), in a humiliat ing t orment ,

び⊥ユΒ͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ン ⊥ ∇ゴガ ͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That is t he ext reme disgrace)ぴ9:63び, t hat is t he great est disgrace and t he t remendous misery.

∇ユヰ⊥ ゃ⊥ あらレ∠ ゎ⊥ ∀り∠ケヲ⊥シ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴｚ レ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ケ⊥ グ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぴ ゅｚョ ∀ァ͡ゲ∇ガョ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇シや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ユ͡ヰ͡よヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ ∇エゎ∠ (64. The hypocrit es fear lest a Surah should be revealed about t hem, showing t hem what is in t heir heart s. Say: "(Go ahead and) mock! But cert ainly Allah will bring t o light all t hat you fear.'')

The Hypocrites fear Public Exposure of Their Secrets Muj ahid said, "The hypocrit es would say somet hing t o each ot her t hen declare, ` We wish t hat Allah does not expose t his secret of ours,'' There is a similar Ayah t o t his one, t hat is, Allah's st at ement ,

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ Βあ エ ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ポ ∠ ∇ヲΒｚ ェ ∠ ポ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボル∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠レよ⊥ グあ ∠バΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ び⊥ゲΒ͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ル∇ヲ∠ヤ∇ダ∠Α ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ (And when t hey come t o you, t hey greet you wit h a greet ing wherewit h Allah greet s you not , and say wit hin t hemselves: "Why should Allah punish us not for what we say'' Hell will be sufficient for t hem; t hey will burn t herein. And worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion!) ぴ58:8び. Allah said in t his Ayah,

び∠ラヱ⊥ケグ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ゅｚョ ∀ァ͡ゲ∇ガョ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇シや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "(Go ahead and) mock! But cert ainly Allah will bring t o light all t hat you fear.''), He will expose and explain your realit y t o His Messenger t hrough revelat ion. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ァ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ リｚャ ラ∠ぺ ∀チ∠ゲョｚ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ∠ ジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ び ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ピ∇ッぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (Or do t hose in whose heart s is a disease (of hypocrisy), t hink t hat Allah will not bring t o light all t heir hidden ill-wills) ぴ47:29び, unt il,

び͡メ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ ∇エャ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ プ∠ ゲ͡ ∇バわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (but surely, you will know t hem by t he t one of t heir speech!)ぴ47:30び. This is why, according t o Qat adah, t his Surah is called ` Al-Fadihah' (t he Exposing), because it exposed t he hypocrit es.

∇モホ⊥ ょ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヤル∠ ヱ∠ チ ⊥ ヲ⊥ガル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ リ ｚ ャ⊥ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ リ͡ゃ∠ャ∠ヱぴ Ι ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よぺ∠ リ∠ハ ブ ⊥ ∇バｚル ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ケグ͡ わ∠ ∇バゎ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ る⇔ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ ∇ゆグあ バ∠ ル⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ る∃ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ (65. If you ask t hem (about t his), t hey declare: "We were only t alking idly and j oking.'' Say: "Was it at Allah, and His Ayat and His Messenger t hat you were mocking'') (66. Make no excuse; you disbelieved aft er you had believed. If We pardon some of you, We will punish ot hers among you because t hey were criminals.)

The Hypocrites rely on False, Misguided Excuses Abdullah bin ` Umar said, "During t he bat t le of Tabuk, a man was sit t ing in a gat hering and said, ` I have never seen like t hese recit ers of ours! They have t he hungriest st omachs, t he most lying t ongues and are t he most cowardice in bat t le.' A man in t he Masj id said, ` You lie. You are a hypocrit e, and I will surely inform t he Messenger of Allah. ' This st at ement was conveyed t o t he Messenger of Allah and also a part of t he Qur'an was revealed about it .''' ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said, "I have seen t hat man aft erwards holding ont o t he shoulders of t he Messenger's camel while st ones were falling on him, declaring, ` O Allah's Messenger! We were only engaged in idle t alk and j est ing,' while t he Messenger of Allah was recit ing,

び∠ラヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よぺ∠ぴ ("Was it at Allah, and His Ayat and His Messenger t hat you were mocking'') ぴ9:65び.''' Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ケグ͡ わ∠ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ

(Make no excuse; you disbelieved aft er you had believed.) on account of your st at ement and mocking,

び⇔るヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ ∇ゆグあ バ∠ ル⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ る∃ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ リ∠ハ ブ ⊥ ∇バｚル ラ͡まぴ (If We pardon some of you, We will punish ot hers among you) for not all of you will be forgiven, some will have t o t ast e t he t orment ,

び∠リΒ͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ ぴ (because t hey were criminals), t hey were criminals because of t his t errible, sinful st at ement .

ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ れ ⊥ ゅ∠ボ͡ヘ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャやぴ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ム∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ジ ͡ レ∠ プ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ツ͡ら∇ボ∠Α∠ヱ れ ͡ ゅ∠ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぶや ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ル ケ∠ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ び ∀ユΒ͡ボョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ (67. The hypocrit es, men and women, are one from anot her; t hey enj oin evil, and forbid t he good, and t hey close t heir hands. They have forgot t en Allah, so He has forgot t en t hem. Verily, t he hypocrit es are t he rebellious.) (68. Allah has promised t he hypocrit es -- men and women -and t he disbelievers, t he fire of Hell; t herein shall t hey abide. It will suffice t hem. Allah has cursed t hem and for t hem is t he last ing t orment .)

Other Characteristics of Hypocrites Allah admonishes t he hypocrit es who, unlike t he believers, who enj oin right eousness and forbid evil,

フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ム∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ツ͡ら∇ボ∠Α∠ヱ (t hey enj oin evil, and forbid t he good, and t hey close t heir hands), from spending in Allah's cause,

び∠ヮヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ ぴ (They have forgot t en Allah), t hey have forgot t en t he remembrance of Allah,

び∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ジ ͡ レ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so He has forgot t en t hem.), by t reat ing t hem as if He has forgot t en t hem. Allah also,

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユム⊥ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ジル∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ジレ∠ル ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ ぴ (And it will be said: "This Day We will forget you as you forgot t he meet ing of t his Day of yours) ぴ45:34び. Allah said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he hypocrit es are t he rebellious) t he rebellious from t he way of t rut h who embrace t he wicked way,

ケ∠ ゅ∠ル ケ∠ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ れ ͡ ゅ∠ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぶや ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∠ユレｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ (Allah has promised t he hypocrit es -- men and women -- and t he disbelievers, t he fire of Hell), on account of t heir evildoing ment ioned here,

びべ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カぴ (t herein shall t hey abide.), for et ernit y, t hey and t he disbelievers,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ぴ (It will suffice t hem.), as a t orment ,

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Allah has cursed t hem), He expelled and banished t hem ぴfrom His mercyび,

び∀ユΒ͡ボョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(and for t hem is t he last ing t orment .)

ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミぴ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バわ∠ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユヰ͡ ボ͡ ⇒∠ヤガ ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥バわ∠ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ や⇔ギ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ボ͡ ⇒∠ヤガ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ノ∠ わ∠ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨ∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ ボ͡ ⇒ヤ∠ガよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ろト ∠ ら͡ ェ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ッゅ∠カ ヵ͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ツカ ⊥ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギャや ヶ͡プ (69. Like t hose before you: t hey were might ier t han you in power, and more abundant in wealt h and children. They had enj oyed t heir port ion (a while), so enj oy your port ion (a while) as t hose before you enj oyed t heir port ion (a while); and you indulged in play and past ime as t hey indulged in play and past ime. Such are t hey whose deeds are in vain in t his world and in t he Hereaft er. Such are t hey who are t he losers.) Allah says, t hese people were t ouched by t orment in t his life and t he Hereaft er, j ust as t hose before t hem. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ͡ ボ͡ ⇒∠ヤガ ∠ よ͡ ぴ (t heir port ion), means, ぴt hey mockedび t heir religion, according t o Al-Hasan Al-Basri. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヲ⊥ッゅ∠カ ヵ͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ツカ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and you indulged in play and past ime as t hey indulged in play and past ime), indulged in lies and falsehood,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ろト ∠ ら͡ ェ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (Such are t hey whose deeds are in vain), t heir deeds are annulled; t hey will not acquire any rewards for t hem because t hey are invalid,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギャや ヶ͡プぴ (in t his world and in t he Hereaft er. Such are t hey who are t he losers.) because t hey will not acquire any rewards for t heir act ions. Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "How similar is t his night t o t he last night ,

び∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミぴ

(Like t hose before you...) These are t he Children of Israel, wit h whom we were compared. The Prophet said,

モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ バ⊥ ら͡ わｚ わ∠ ャ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» «ロヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ ギ∠ ャ∠ ょ ∠ ッ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇エィ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや (By He in Whose Hand is my life! You will imit at e t hem, and even if a man of t hem ent ered t he den of a lizard, you will ent er it likewise!)'' Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ レ∠ シ ∠ リ ｚ バ⊥ ら͡ わｚ わ∠ ャ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» ∇ヲャ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ネ ∃ ゅ∠らよ͡ ゅ⇔ハゅ∠よヱ∠ ∩∃ネや∠ケグ͡ よ͡ ゅ⇔ハや∠ケク͡ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ∇らゼ ͡ よ͡ や⇔ゲ∇らセ ͡ «ロヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ ギ∠ ャ∠ ょ ∠ ッ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇エィ ⊥ やヲ⊥ヤカ ∠ キ∠ ベやメヱや: ヱュラ ロュ ヵや ケサヱメ やメメロ∩ ぺロメ やメポれやゆ∨ ベやメ:

«∨∇リヨ∠ プ∠ » (By He in Whose Hand is my soul! You will follow t he t radit ions of t hose who were before you a hand span for a hand-span and forearm's lengt h for forearm's lengt h, and an arm's lengt h for an arm's lengt h. And even if t hey ent er t he den of a lizard, you will also ent er it .) They asked, "Who, O Allah's Messenger, t he People of t he Book'' He said, (Who else)'' This Hadit h is similar t o anot her Hadit h collect ed in t he Sahih.

キ∃ ゅ∠ハヱ∠ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ほ⊥ら∠ ル∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ リ ∠ Α∠ ∇ギョ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ͡ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わゎ∠ ぺ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ムヘ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡∇ヌΒ∠ ャ͡ (70. Has not t he st ory reached t hem of t hose before t hem -- The people of Nuh,` Ad, Thamud, t he people of Ibrahim, t he dwellers of Madyan and t he overt urned cit ies; t o t hem came t heir Messengers wit h clear proofs. So it was not Allah Who wronged t hem, but t hey used t o wrong t hemselves.)

Advising the Hypocrites to learn a Lesson from Those before Them

Allah advises t he hypocrit es who rej ect t he Messengers,

び∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ほ⊥ら∠ ル∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Has not t he st ory reached t hem of t hose before t hem) have you (hypocrit es) not learned t he end of t he nat ions before you who rej ect ed t he Messengers,

び∃ゥヲ⊥ル ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ぴ (The people of Nuh), and t he flood t hat drowned t he ent ire populat ion of t he eart h, except t hose who believed in Allah's servant and Messenger Nuh, peace be upon him,

び∀キゅ∠ハヱ∠ ぴ (and ` Ad), who perished wit h t he barren wind when t hey rej ect ed Hud, peace be upon him,

び⊥キヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and Thamud), who were overt aken by t he Sayhah (awful cry) when t hey denied Salih, peace be upon him, and killed t he camel,

び∠ユΒ͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t he people of Ibrahim), over whom He gave Ibrahim vict ory and t he aid of clear miracles. Allah dest royed t heir king Nimrod, son of Canaan, son of Koch from Canaan, may Allah curse him,

び∠リΑ∠ ∇ギョ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ͡ ぴ (and t he dwellers of Madyan), t he people of Shu` ayb, peace be upon him, who were dest royed by t he eart hquake and t he t orment of t he day of t he Shade,

び͡ろ⇒∠ムヘ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and t he overt urned cit ies), t he people of Lut who used t o live in Madyan. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び ン∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ る∠ ム∠ ヘ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And He dest royed t he overt urned cit ies) ぴ53:53び, meaning t he people of t he overt urned cit ies in reference t o Sadum ぴSodomび, t heir maj or cit y. Allah dest royed t hem all because t hey

rej ect ed Allah's Prophet Lut , peace be upon him, and because t hey commit t ed t he sin t hat none before t hem had commit t ed ぴhomosexualit yび.

び͡ろ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (t o t hem came t heir Messengers wit h clear proofs.), and unequivocal evidence,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡∇ヌΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (So it was not Allah Who wronged t hem), when He dest royed t hem, for He est ablished t he proofs against t hem by sending t he Messengers and dissipat ing t he doubt s,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but t hey used t o wrong t hemselves), on account of t heir denying t he Messengers and defying t he Trut h; t his is why t hey earned t he end, t orment and punishment , t hat t hey did.

ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トΑ⊥ ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ゲΒ∠ シ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ (71. The believers, men and women, are support ers of one anot her; t hey enj oin good, and forbid evil; t hey perform t he Salah, and give t he Zakah, and obey Allah and His Messenger. Allah will have His mercy on t hem. Surely, Allah is All-Might y, All-Wise.)

Qualities of Faithful Believers Aft er Allah ment ioned t he evil charact erist ics of t he hypocrit es, He t hen ment ioned t he good qualit ies of t he believers,

び∃ヂ∇バよ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (The believers, men and women, are support ers of one anot her;) t hey help and aid each ot her. Surely, an aut hent ic Hadit h st at es,

«ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ヮ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ぁギゼ ⊥ Α∠ ͡ラゅ∠Β∇レら⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや» (The believer t o t he believer is j ust like a building, it s part s support each ot her.) and t he Prophet crossed his fingers t oget her. In t he Sahih it is recorded,

モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ェ ⊥ や∠ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ キあ や∠ヲゎ∠ ヶ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ » ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ハや∠ギゎ∠ ∀ヲ∇ツハ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヴ∠ムわ∠ ∇セや や∠クま͡ ∩ギ͡ ェ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや ギ͡ ジ ∠イ ∠ ∇ャや «ゲ∠ヰジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ヴｚヨエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ギ͡ ジ ∠イ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠シ (The example of t he believers in t he compassion and mercy t hey have for each ot her, is t he example of one body: if a part of it falls ill, t he rest of t he body suffers wit h fever and sleeplessness.) Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ゲム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ぴ (...t hey enj oin good, and forbid evil), t his is similar t o,

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ リ⊥ム∠わ∇ャ∠ヱぴ び͡ゲム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (Let t here arise out of you a group of people invit ing t o all t hat is good, enj oining Al-Ma` ruf and forbidding t he Munkar...) ぴ3:104び. Allah said next ,

び∠りヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (t hey perform t he Salah, and give t he Zakah), t hey obey Allah and are kind t o His creat ion,

び⊥ヮ∠ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and obey Allah and His Messenger), concerning what he commands and refraining from what he prohibit s,

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ゲΒ∠ シ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (Allah will have mercy on t hem.) Therefore, Allah will give mercy t o t hose who have t hese qualit ies,

び∀ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ぴ (Surely, Allah is All-Might y), He grant s glory t o t hose who obey Him, for indeed, might and glory is from Allah Who gives it t o His Messenger and t he believers,

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ぴ (All-Wise), in grant ing t hese qualit ies t o t he believers, while giving evil charact erist ics t o hypocrit es. Surely, Allah's wisdom is perfect in all His act ions; praise and glory be t o Him.

ヵ͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ͡プ る⇔ ら∠ Βあ デ ∠ リ ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΕ ∠ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ラ ∀ ヲ∠ ∇ッケ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ れ ͡ ゅｚレィ ∠ び ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや (72. Allah has promised t he believers -- men and women, -- Gardens under which rivers flow t o dwell t herein forever, and beaut iful mansions in gardens of ` Adn (Eden; Paradise). But t he great est bliss is t he good pleasure of Allah. That is t he supreme success.)

Good News for the Believers of Eternal Delight Allah describes t he j oys and et ernal delight He has prepared for t he believers, men and women in,

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィぴ (Gardens under which rivers flow t o dwell t herein forever) for et ernit y,

び⇔るら∠ Βあ デ ∠ リ ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and beaut iful mansions), built beaut ifully in good surroundings. In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Abu Musa, ` Abdullah bin Qays Al-Ash` ari said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ラ ͡ ゅ∠わレｚ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ わ⊥ Β∠ ル͡ へ ょ ∃ ワ∠ ク∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わレｚ ィ ∠» リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ わ⊥ Β∠ ル͡ へ る∃ ツ ｚ プ͡ ∇リョ͡

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠Αゲ͡ ∇らム͡ ∇ャや ￢⊥ や∠キケ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ «ラ∇ギハ ∠ る͡ レｚ ィ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ (Two gardens, t heir pot s and what ever is in t hem are made of gold, and t wo gardens, t heir pot s and what ever is in t hem are made of silver. Only t he Veil of Pride of Allah's Face separat es t he people from gazing at Him, in t he garden of Eden.) He also narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

り∃ ギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ り∃ ぽ∠ ャ⊥∇ぽャ⊥ ∇リョ͡ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ャ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡» リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲぁわシ ͡ ゅ∠ヰャ⊥ヲ⊥デ ∩∃るプ∠ ヲｚ イ ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ン∠ゲΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ヲ⊥トΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇ワぺ∠ ゅヰ∠ Β͡プ «ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ (For t he believer in Paradise t here is a t ent like a hollow pearl which is sixt y miles high in t he sky, and in t he t ent t he believer will have (so large) a family t hat he visit s t hem all and some of t hem would not be able t o see t he ot hers. ) The Two Sahihs collect ed t his Hadit h. It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ュ∠ ゅ∠タヱ∠ り∠ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ュ∠ ゅ∠ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ リ ∠ ョ∠ へ ∇リョ∠ » る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ６ボェ ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∠ラゅ∠ツョ∠ ケ∠ ヶ͡わャｚや ヮ͡ ッ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ヶ͡プ (ザ ∠ ヤ∠ィ ∠ ) ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩͡ぶや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ゲ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ワ «ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ギ∠ ャ͡ヱ⊥ ベやメヱや: ヵや ケサヱメ やメメロ ぺフメや ラォゆケ やメラやサ∨ ベやメ:

リ ∠ Α͡ギワ͡ ゅ∠イヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ワギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ る∃ ィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ る∠ も∠ ゅ͡ョ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡» ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ あモミ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ サ ∠ ∇ヱキ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ャや ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ャほ∠∇シゅ∠プ ぶ ∠ や ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ

ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ ゲ⊥ イ ｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや テ ⊥シ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∇ハ∠ぺ «リ∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ス ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや (Whoever believes in Allah and His Messenger, offers prayer perfect ly and fast s t he mont h of Ramadan, will right fully be grant ed Paradise by Allah, no mat t er whet her he emigrat es in Allah's cause, or remains in t he land where he is born.) The people said, "O Allah's Messenger! Shall we acquaint t he people wit h t his good news'' He said, (Paradise has one-hundred grades which Allah has prepared for t he Muj ahidin who fight in His cause, t he dist ance bet ween each t wo grades is like t he dist ance bet ween t he heaven and t he eart h. So, when you ask Allah, ask Him for Al-Firdaws which is t he best and highest part of Paradise, from it gush fort h t he rivers of Paradise and above it is t he ` Arsh (Throne) of t he Beneficent .) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«る∠ヤΒ͡シヲ∠ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ ャ͡ ぶ ∠ や やヲ⊥ヤジ ∠ プ∠ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βヤｚタ ∠ や∠クま͡» ベヵメ ヵや ケサヱメ やメメロ ヱュや やメヱサヵメり∨ベやメ:

∀ギ͡ェや∠ヱ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰャ⊥ゅ∠レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ る∃ ィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇ハぺ∠» «ヲ⊥ワ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ (If you invoke Allah for Salah (blessings) on me, t hen also invoke Him t o grant me Al-Wasilah.) He was asked, "What is Al-Wasilah, O Allah's Messenger'' He said, (The highest grade in Paradise, it will be for only one man, and I hope I am t hat man.) The Musnad cont ains a Hadit h from Sa` d bin Muj ahid At -Ta'i, t hat Abu Al-Mudillah said, t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "We said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Talk t o us about Paradise, what is it built of' He said,

マ ⊥ ∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰデ ⊥ ゅ∠ヤョ͡ ヱ∠ ∩∃るツ ｚ プ͡ る⊥ レ∠ ら∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ワ∠ ク∠ る⊥ レ∠ ら∠ ャ͡» ゅ∠ヰよ⊥ や∠ゲゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩⊥れヲ⊥ホゅ∠Β∇ャや∠ヱ ぽ⊥ ャ⊥∇ぽぁヤャや ゅ∠ワぼ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇ダェ ∠ ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ヱ∠ サ ⊥ ほ∠∇らΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ユ⊥ バ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ .ラ ⊥ や∠ゲヘ∠ ∇ハゴｚ ャや «ヮ⊥よゅ∠らセ ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ ゅ∠Βを͡ ヴ∠ヤ∇ら∠ゎ ゅ∠ャ ∩⊥れヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ (A brick of gold and a brick of silver. It s mort ar is from musk, it s gravel is pearls and rubies. It s sand is saffron. Whoever ent ers it will enj oy t he delight s, will never be hopeless, and will live forever and will not die. His clot hes will never decay nor will his yout h ever end.)'' Allah said next ,

び⊥ゲら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ラ ∀ ヲ∠ ∇ッケ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ

(But t he great est bliss is t he good pleasure of Allah)ぴ9:72び, meaning, Allah's pleasure is more grand, great er and bet t er t han t he delight t he believers will be enj oying ぴin Paradiseび. Imam Malik narrat ed, t hat Zayd bin Aslam said t hat ` At a' bin Yasar said t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠Α :る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワほ∠ャ͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» ヶ͡プ ゲ⊥ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ マ ∠ ∇Αギ∠ ∇バシ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βらｚ ャ∠ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ャ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ッケ∠ ∇モワ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ .マ ∠ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ ∇リョ͡ や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ テ ͡ ∇バゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇Βト ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α ヴ∠ッ∇ゲ∠ル ∨∠マ͡ャ∠ク ∇リョ͡ モ ∠ツ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∠マボ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∨∠マャ͡ク∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ⊥ツ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ヵ ぁ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ テ ⊥ガ ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ヶ͡ルや∠ヲ∇ッケ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ぁェ ͡ ぺ⊥ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ «や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ (Allah, t he Exalt ed and Ever High, will say t o t he people of Paradise, ` O resident s of Paradise!' They will say, ` Labbayka (here we are!), our Lord, and Sa` dayk (we are happy at your service!) and all t he good is in Your Hand.' He will ask t hem, ` Are you pleased' They will say, ` Why would not we be pleased, O Lord, while You have given us what You have not given any ot her of your creat ion' He will say, ` Should I give you what is bet t er t han all t his' They will say, ` O Lord! What is bet t er t han all t his' He will say, ` I will grant you My pleasure and will never aft erwards be angry wit h you.') The Two Sahihs collect ed t he Hadit h of Malik.

∇ナヤ⊥∇ビや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ∠ ⇒ｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや ギ͡ ヰ͡ ⇒∠ィ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ∠Αぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΑ∠ - ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや る∠ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ラぺ∠ Ι ∠ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨボ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠レΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ∇やヲぁヨワ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ⇒∠ヤ∇シま͡ マ ⊥ Α∠ ∇やヲ⊥よヲ⊥わΑ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇よあグバ∠ Α⊥ や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ ｙ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ͡ョ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや び ゲ∃ Βダ ͡ ル∠ (73. O Prophet ! St rive hard against t he disbelievers and t he hypocrit es, and be harsh against t hem, t heir abode is Hell, -- and worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion.) (74. They swear by Allah t hat t hey said not hing (bad), but really t hey said t he word of disbelief, and t hey disbelieved aft er accept ing Islam, and t hey resolved t hat (plot ) which t hey were unable t o carry out , and t hey could not find any cause t o do so except t hat Allah and His Messenger had enriched t hem of His bount y. If t hen t hey repent , it will be bet t er for t hem, but if t hey t urn away; Allah will punish t hem wit h a painful t orment in t his worldly life and in t he Hereaft er. And t here is none for t hem on eart h as a prot ect or or a helper.)

The Order for Jihad against the Disbelievers and Hypocrites Allah commanded His Messenger t o st rive hard against t he disbelievers and t he hypocrit es and t o be harsh against t hem. Allah also commanded him t o be merciful wit h t he believers who followed him, informing him t hat t he dest inat ion of t he disbelievers and hypocrit es is t he Fire in t he Hereaft er. Ibn Mas` ud comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

び∠リΒ͡ボ͡ヘ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ∠ ⇒ｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや ギ͡ ヰ͡ ⇒∠ィぴ (St rive hard against t he disbelievers and t he hypocrit es) "Wit h t he hand, or at least have a st ern face wit h t hem.'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "Allah commanded t he Prophet t o fight t he disbelievers wit h t he sword, t o st rive against t he hypocrit es wit h t he t ongue and annulled lenient t reat ment of t hem.'' Ad-Dahhak comment ed, "Perform Jihad against t he disbelievers wit h t he sword and be harsh wit h t he hypocrit es wit h words, and t his is t he Jihad performed against t hem.'' Similar was said by Muqat il and Ar-Rabi` . Al-Hasan and Qat adah said, "St riving against t hem includes est ablishing t he (Islamic Penal) Law of equalit y against t hem.'' In combining t hese st at ement s, we could say t hat Allah causes punishment of t he disbelievers and hypocrit es wit h all of t hese met hods in various condit ions and sit uat ions, and Allah knows best .

Reason behind revealing Ayah 9:74 Al-Amawi said in his Book on Bat t les, "Muhammad bin Ishaq narrat ed t hat Az-Zuhri said t hat ` Abdur-Rahman bin ` Abdullah bin Ka` b bin Malik narrat ed from his fat her, from his grandfat her t hat he said, ` Among t he hypocrit es who lagged behind ぴfrom bat t leび and concerning whom t he Qur'an was revealed, was Al-Julas bin Suwayd bin As-Samit , who was married t o t he mot her of ` Umayr bin Sa` d. ` Umayr was under t he care of Al-Julas. When t he Qur'an was revealed about t he hypocrit es, exposing t heir pract ices, Al-Julas said, ` By Allah! If t his man (Muhammad) is saying t he t rut h, t hen we are worse t han donkeys.' ` Umayr bin Sa` d heard him and said, ` By Allah, O Julas! You are t he dearest person t o me, has t he most favor on me and I would hat e t hat harm should t ouch you, more t han I do concerning anyone else! You have ut t ered a st at ement t hat if I exposed, will expose you, but if I hide, it will dest roy me. One of t hem is a lesser evil t han t he ot her.' So ` Umayr went t o t he Messenger of Allah and t old him what AlJulas said. On realizing t his, Al-Julas went t o t he Prophet and swore by Allah t hat he did not

say what ` Umayr bin Sa` d conveyed he said. ` He lied on me,' Al-Julas said. Allah sent in his case t his verse,

ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや る∠ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΑ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ⇒∠ヤ∇シま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ (They swear by Allah t hat t hey said not hing (bad), but really t hey said t he word of disbelief, and t hey disbelieved aft er accept ing Islam) unt il t he end of Ayah. The Messenger of Allah conveyed t his Ayah t o Al-Julas, who, t hey claim, repent ed and his repent ance was sincere, prompt ing him t o refrain from hypocrisy.''' Imam Abu Ja` far Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was sit t ing under t he shade of a t ree when he said,

ラ ͡ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ヶ ͡ レ∠ ∇Βバ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ ∀ラゅ∠ジ∇ル͡ま ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほΒ∠ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡» «ロヲ⊥ヨあヤム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ (A man will now come and will look t o you t hrough t he eyes of a devil. When he comes, do not t alk t o him.)' A man who looked as if he was blue (so dark) came and t he Messenger of Allah summoned him and said,

«マ⊥よゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ヶ͡レヨ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ヤハ ∠» (Why do you curse me, you and your companions) That man went and brought his friends and t hey swore by Allah t hat t hey did not hing of t he sort , and t he Prophet pardoned t hem. Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored revealed t his verse,

び∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΑ∠ ぴ (They swear by Allah t hat t hey said not hing (bad)...)

Hypocrites try to kill the Prophet Allah said next ,

び∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠レΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲぁヨワ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey resolved t hat which t hey were unable t o carry out ) It was said t hat t his Ayah was revealed about Al-Julas bin Suwayd, who t ried t o kill his wife's son when he said he would inform t he Messenger of Allah ぴabout Al-Julas' st at ement we ment ioned earlierび. It was also said t hat it was revealed in t he case of ` Abdullah bin Ubayy who plot t ed t o kill t he Messenger of Allah . As-Suddi said, "This verse was revealed about some men who want ed t o crown ` Abdullah bin Ubayy even if t he Messenger of Allah did not agree. ,It was report ed t hat some hypocrit es

plot t ed t o kill t he Prophet , while he was at t he bat t le of Tabuk, riding one night . They were a group of more t han t en men. Ad-Dahhak said, "This Ayah was revealed about t hem.'' In his book, Dala'il An-Nubuwah, Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bayhaqi recorded t hat Hudhayfah bin Al-Yaman said, "I was holding t he bridle of t he Messenger's camel while ` Ammar was leading it , or vise versa. When we reached Al-` Aqabah, t welve riders int ercept ed t he Prophet . When I alert ed t he Messenger , he shout ed at t hem and t hey all ran away. The Messenger of Allah asked us,

«∨∠ュ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇プゲ∠ ハ ∠ ∇モワ∠ » (Did you know who t hey were) We said, ` No, O Allah's Messenger! They had masks However, we know t heir horses.' He said,

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケ∇ギゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボプ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ￢͡ ゅ∠ャぽ⊥ ワ» «∨やヱ⊥キや∠ケぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ (They are t he hypocrit es unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. Do you know what t hey int ended) We said, ` No.' He said,

ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ボ∇ヤΒ∠ プ∠ る͡ ら∠ ボ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ぶ͡や メ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ やヲ⊥ヨ͡ェや∠ゴΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ やヱ⊥キや∠ケ∠ぺ» «ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ (They want ed t o mingle wit h t he Messenger of Allah and t hrow him from t he ` Aqabah (t o t he valley).) We said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Should you ask t heir t ribes t o send t he head of each one of t hem t o you' He said,

や⇔ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや ゐ ∠ ギｚ エ ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ .ゅ∠ャ» ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ニぺ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ュ∃ ヲ∠ボよ͡ モ ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ホ «る∠ヤ∇Β∠よギぁ ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ͡ ョ͡ ∇ケや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤ∂ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇わボ∠ よ͡ (No, for I hat e t hat t he Arabs should say t hat Muhammad used some people in fight ing and when Allah gave him vict ory wit h t heir help, he commanded t hat t hey be killed.) He t hen said, (O Allah! Throw t he Dubaylah at t hem.) We asked, ` What is t he Dubaylah, O Allah's Messenger' He said,

∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ょ ͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヅ ͡ ゅ∠Βル͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ⊥ ボ∠ Α∠ ケ∃ ゅ∠ル ∇リョ͡ ∀ゆゅ∠ヰセ ͡» «マ͡ヤ∇ヰΒ∠ プ∠

(A missile of fire t hat falls on t he heart of one of t hem and brings about his demise.)'' Abu At Tufayl said, "Once, t here was a disput e bet ween Hudhayfah and anot her man, who asked him, ` I ask you by Allah, how many were t he Companions of Al-` Aqabah' The people said t o Hudhayfah, ` Tell him, for he asked you.' Hudhayfah said, ` We were t old t hat t hey were fourt een men, unless you were one of t hem, t hen t he number is fift een! I t est ify by Allah t hat t welve of t hem are at war wit h Allah and His Messenger in t his life and when t he wit ness comes fort h for wit ness. Three of t hem were pardoned, for t hey said, ` We did not hear t he person whom t he Messenger sent t o announce somet hing, and we did not know what t he people had plot t ed,' for t he Prophet had been walking when he said,

«ギ∠ェぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヶ͡レ∇ボら͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ ￢∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» (Wat er is scarce, so none among you should reach it before me.) When he found t hat some people had reached it before him, he cursed t hem.''' ` Ammar bin Yasir narrat ed in a Hadit h collect ed by Muslim, t hat Hudhayfah said t o him t hat t he Prophet said,

る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ゅ⇔ボプ͡ ゅ∠レョ⊥ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇をや ヶ͡よゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ ヶ͡プ» ユあ シ ∠ ヶ͡プ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ イ ∠ ∇ャや ア ∠ ヤ͡Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠エΑ͡ケ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀ァや∠ゲシ ͡ る⊥ ヤ∠∇Βよ∠ ギぁ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ム∠ Β͡ヘ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ る∀ Β∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ヨを∠ :ヅ ͡ ゅ∠Βガ ͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ユ∠ イ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠わ∇ミぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゲ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ヌΑ∠ ケ∃ ゅ∠ル «ユ͡ワケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ (Among my Companions are t welve hypocrit es who will never ent er Paradise or find it s scent , unt il t he camel ent ers t he t hread of t he needle. Eight of t hem will be st ruck by t he Dubaylah, which is a missile made of fire t hat appears bet ween t heir shoulders and pierces t heir chest .) This is why Hudhayfah was called t he holder of t he secret , for he knew who t hese hypocrit es were, since t he Messenger of Allah gave t heir names t o him and none else. Allah said next ,

リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ Ι ∠ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨボ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮヤ͡∇ツプ∠ (and t hey could not find any cause t o do so except t hat Allah and His Messenger had enriched t hem of His bount y.) This Ayah means, t he Messenger did not commit an error against t hem, ot her t han t hat Allah has enriched t hem on account of t he Prophet 's blessed and honorable mission! And had Allah guided t hem t o what t he Prophet came wit h, t hey would have experienced it s delight complet ely. The Prophet once said t o t he Ansar,

∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡よ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ミ⊥ や∠ギヰ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ャゅｚヤッ ⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ギィ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠» «ヶ͡よ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ビほ∠プ∠ る⇔ ャ∠ゅ∠ハヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡よ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ヘ∠ ャｚほ∠プ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ホゲ͡ ヘ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ (Have I not found you misguided and Allah guided you t hrough me, divided and Allah unit ed you t hrough me, and poor and Allah enriched you t hrough me) Whenever t he Messenger asked t hem a quest ion, t hey replied, "Allah and His Messenger have grant ed t he favor.'' This t ype of st at ement ,

び͡ヮヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨボ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey had no fault except t hat t hey believed in Allah...), is ut t ered when t here is no wrong commit t ed. Allah called t he hypocrit es t o repent ,

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇よあグバ∠ Α⊥ や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ マ ⊥ Α∠ ∇やヲ⊥よヲ⊥わΑ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ び͡りゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ (If t hen t hey repent , it will be bet t er for t hem, but if t hey t urn away; Allah will punish t hem wit h a painful t orment in t his worldly life and in t he Hereaft er.) The Ayah says, if t hey persist on t heir ways, Allah will inflict a painful t orment on t hem in t his life, by killing, sadness and depression, and in t he Hereaft er wit h t orment , punishment , disgrace and humiliat ion,

び∃ゲΒ͡ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ ｙ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ͡ョ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t here is none for t hem on eart h as a prot ect or or a helper.) who will bring happiness t o t hem, aid t hem, bring about benefit or fend off harm.

ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リョ͡ ゅ∠レ⇒∠ゎや￢ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ヰ∠ ⇒∠ハ ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ゎや∠￢ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ∠ルヲ⊥ム∠レ∠ャ∠ヱ リ ｚ ホ∠ ギｚ ダ ｚ レ∠ ャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱｚ ∇やヲｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎ∠ヱ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤガ ͡ よ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リあョ べ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔ホゅ∠ヘル͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら∠ ボ∠ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠∇カぺ∠

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヲ∇イル∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲｚ シ ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α びゆ ͡ ヲ⊥Βピ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ⇒ｚヤハ ∠ (75. And of t hem are some who made a covenant wit h Allah (saying): "If He best owed on us of His bount y, we will verily, give Sadaqah and will be cert ainly among t he right eous.'') (76. Then when He gave t hem of His bount y, t hey became st ingy, and t urned away, averse.) (77. So He punished t hem by put t ing hypocrisy int o t heir heart s t ill t he Day whereon t hey shall meet Him, because t hey broke t hat (covenant ) wit h Allah which t hey had promised t o Him and because t hey used t o t ell lies.) (78. Know t hey not t hat Allah knows t heir secret ideas, and t heir Naj wa (secret counsels), and t hat Allah is t he All-Knower of t hings unseen.)

Hypocrites seek Wealth but are Stingy with Alms Allah says, some hypocrit es give Allah t heir st rongest oat hs t hat if He enriches t hem from His bount y, t hey will give away alms and be among t he right eous. However, t hey did not fulfill t heir vows or say t he t rut h wit h t heir words. The consequence of t his act ion is t hat hypocrisy was placed in t heir heart s unt il t he Day t hey meet Allah t he Exalt ed, on t he Day of Resurrect ion. We seek refuge wit h Allah from such an end. Allah said,

び⊥ロヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠∇カぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ ぴ (...because t hey broke t hat (covenant ) wit h Allah which t hey had promised t o Him) He placed hypocrisy in t heir heart s because t hey broke t heir promise and lied. In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩∠ゆグ∠ ミ∠ ゐ ∠ ギｚ ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ :∀ゐゅ∠ヤ∠を ペ ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ Α∠ へ» «ラゅ∠カ リ ∠ ヨ͡ わ⊥ ∇もや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠ブヤ∠∇カぺ∠ (There are t hree signs for a hypocrit e: if he speaks, he lies; if he promises, he breaks t he promise; and if he is ent rust ed, he bet rays t he t rust .) Allah said,

び∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヲ∇イル∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲｚ シ ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Know t hey not t hat Allah knows t heir secret ideas, and t heir Naj wa,) Allah st at es t hat He knows t he secret and what is more hidden t han t he secret . He has full knowledge of what is in t heir heart s, even when t hey pret end t hat t hey will give away alms, if t hey acquire wealt h, and will be grat eful t o Allah for it . Truly, Allah knows t hem bet t er t han t hey know t hemselves, for He is t he All-Knower of all unseen and apparent t hings, every secret , every session of counsel, and all t hat is seen and hidden.

ヶ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ハヲあ ト ｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴヨ͡ ∇ヤΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ヰィ ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ホギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ガ ͡シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲガ ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ び (79. Those who defame such of t he believers who give charit y volunt arily, and such who could not find t o give charit y except what is available t o t hem -- so t hey mock at t hem (believers); Allah will t hrow back t heir mockery on t hem, and t hey shall have a painful t orment .)

Hypocrites defame Believers Who give the Little Charity They can afford Among t he t rait s of t he hypocrit es is t hat t hey will not leave anyone wit hout defaming and ridiculing him in all circumst ances even t hose who give away charit y. If, for inst ance, someone gives away a large amount , t he hypocrit es say t hat he is showing off. If someone gives away a small amount t hey say t hat Allah st ands not in need of t his man's charit y. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Ubaydullah bin Sa` id said t hat Abu An-Nu` man Al-Basri said t hat Shu` bah narrat ed t hat Sulayman said t hat Abu Wa'il said t hat Abu Mas` ud said, "When t he verses of charit y were revealed, we used t o work as port ers. A man came and dist ribut ed obj ect s of charit y in abundance and t hey (hypocrit es) said, ` He is showing off.' Anot her man came and gave a Sa` (a small measure of food grains); t hey said, ` Allah is not in need of t his small amount of charit y.' Then t he Ayah was revealed;

び∠リΒ͡ハヲあ ト ｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴヨ͡ ∇ヤΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who defame t he volunt eers...)'' Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h in t he Sahih. Al-` Awfi narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "One day, t he Messenger of Allah went out t o t he people and called t hem t o bring fort h t heir charit y, and t hey st art ed bringing t heir charit y. Among t he last t o come fort h was a man who brought a Sa` of dat es, saying, ` O Allah's Messenger! This is a Sa` of dat es. I spent t he night bringing wat er and earned t wo Sa` of dat es for my work. I kept one Sa` and brought you t he ot her Sa` . ' The Messenger of Allah ordered him t o add it t o t he charit y. Some men mocked t hat man, saying, ` Allah and His Messenger are not in need of t his charit y. What benefit would t his Sa` of yours bring' ` Abdur-Rahman bin ` Awf asked Allah's Messenger , ` Are t here any more people who give charit y' The Messenger of Allah said,

«ポゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ペ ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠» (None besides you!) ` Abdur-Rahman bin ` Awf said, ` I will give a hundred Uqiyah of gold as a charit y.' ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said t o him, ` Are you crazy' ` Abdur-Rahman said, ` I am not crazy.' ` Umar said, ` Have you given what you said would give' ` Abdur-Rahman said, ` Yes. I have eight t housand (Dirhams), four t housand I give as a loan t o my Lord and four t housand I keep for myself.' The Messenger of Allah said,

«ろ∇Βト ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ムジ ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ マ ∠ ャ∠ ぶ ⊥ やポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠よ» (May Allah bless you for what you kept and what you gave away). However, t he hypocrit es defamed him, ` By Allah! ` Abdur-Rahman gave what he gave j ust t o show off.' They lied, for ` Abdur-Rahman willingly gave t hat money, and Allah revealed about his innocence and t he innocence of t he fellow who was poor and brought only a Sa` of dat es. Allah said in His Book,

ヶ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ハヲあ ト ｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴヨ͡ ∇ヤΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ び͡ろ⇒∠ホギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや (Those who defame such of t he believers who give charit y volunt arily) ぴ9:79び.''' A similar st ory was narrat ed from Muj ahid and several ot hers. Ibn Ishaq said, "Among t he believers who gave away charit y were ` Abdur-Rahman bin ` Awf who gave four t housand Dirhams and ` Asim bin ` Adi from Bani ` Aj lan. This occurred aft er t he Messenger of Allah encouraged and called for paying charit y. ` Abdur-Rahman bin ` Awf st ood and gave away four t housand Dirhams. ` Asim bin ` Adi also st ood and gave a hundred Wasaq of dat es, but some people defamed t hem, saying, ` They are showing off.' As for t he person who gave t he lit t le t hat he could afford, he was Abu ` Aqil, from Bani Anif Al-Arashi, who was an ally of Bani ` Amr bin ` Awf. He brought a Sa` of dat es and added it t o t he charit y. They laughed at him, saying, ` Allah does not need t he Sa` of Abu ` Aqil.''' Allah said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ガ ͡シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲガ ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so t hey mock at t hem (believers); Allah will t hrow back t heir mockery on t hem) rebuking t hem for t heir evil act ions and defaming t he believers. Truly, t he reward, or punishment , is equit able t o t he act ion. Allah t reat ed t hem t he way mocked people are t reat ed, t o aid t he believers in t his life. Allah has prepared a painful t orment in t he Hereaft er for t he hypocrit es, for t he recompense is similar t o t he deed.

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ラ͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シやぴ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ り⇔ ゲｚ ョ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヵ͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ (80. Whet her you (O Muhammad ) ask forgiveness for t hem (hypocrit es) or ask not forgiveness for t hem -- (and even) if you ask sevent y t imes for t heir forgiveness -- Allah will not forgive t hem because t hey have disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger. And Allah guides not t hose people who are rebellious.)

The Prohibition of asking for Forgiveness for Hypocrites

Allah says t o His Prophet t hat hypocrit es are not wort hy of seeking forgiveness for t hem and t hat if he asks Allah t o forgive t hem sevent y t imes, Allah will not forgive t hem. The number sevent y here was ment ioned t o close t he door on t his subj ect , for Arabs use t his number when t hey exaggerat e, not t hat t hey act ually mean sevent y or more t han sevent y. Ash-Sha` bi said t hat when ` Abdullah bin Ubayy was dying, his son went t o t he Prophet and said t o him, "My fat her has died, I wish you could at t end him and pray t he funeral prayer for him.'' The Prophet said,

«マ⊥ヨ∇シや ゅ∠ョ» ("What is you name) He said, "Al-Hubab bin ` Abdullah.'' The Prophet said,

ユ∠ ∇シや ゆ ∠ ゅ∠らエ ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ぶ ͡ や͡ギ∇らハ ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よ ぶ ͡ や⊥ギ∇らハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇モよ∠ » «ラゅ∠ト∇Βセ ∠ (Rat her, you are ` Abdullah bin ` Abdullah, for Al-Hubab is a devil's name.) The Prophet went along wit h him, at t ended his fat her's funeral, gave him his shirt as a shroud and prayed t he funeral prayer for him. He was asked, "Would you pray on him, when he is a hypocrit e'' He said,

:メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» び⇔りゲｚ ョ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ «リΒ͡バ∇らシ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シほ∠ャヱ∠ (Allah said,(...(and even) if you ask sevent y t imes for t heir forgiveness...) Verily, I will ask Allah t o forgive t hem sevent y t imes and sevent y more and sevent y more.)'' Similar narrat ions were collect ed from ` Urwah bin Az-Zubayr, Muj ahid, Qat adah bin Di` amah and Ibn Jarir.

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ͡ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ブ ∠ ⇒∠ヤカ ͡ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ バ∠ ∇ボヨ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤｚガ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゥ ∠ ゲ͡ プ∠ ぴ モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ワ͡ゲ∠ミ∠ヱ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ル ∇モホ⊥ ゲあ エ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ム∇らΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ムエ ∠ ∇ツΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャｚ や６ゲェ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠

(81. Those who st ayed away (from Tabuk expedit ion) rej oiced in t heir st aying behind t he Messenger of Allah; t hey hat ed t o st rive and fight wit h t heir propert ies and t heir lives in t he cause of Allah, and t hey said: "March not fort h in t he heat .'' Say: "The fire of Hell is more int ense in heat ;'' if only t hey could underst and!) (82. So let t hem laugh a lit t le and (t hey will) cry much as a recompense of what t hey used t o earn (by commit t ing sins).)

Hypocrites rejoice because They remained behind from Tabuk! Allah admonishes t he hypocrit es who lagged behind from t he bat t le of Tabuk wit h t he Companions of t he Messenger of Allah , rej oicing t hat t hey remained behind aft er t he Messenger depart ed for t he bat t le,

び∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ワ͡ゲ∠ミ∠ヱぴ (t hey hat ed t o st rive and fight ), along wit h t he Messenger ,

び∇やヲ⊥ャゅホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ぴ (wit h t heir propert ies and t heir lives in t he cause of Allah, and t hey said), t o each ot her,

びあゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ぴ ("March not fort h in t he heat .'') Tabuk occurred at a t ime when t he heat was int ense and t he fruit s and shades became delight ful. This is why t hey said,

びあゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ぴ ("March not fort h in t he heat '') Allah said t o His Messenger ,

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say) t o t hem,

び∠ユレｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ルぴ ("The fire of Hell...), which will be your dest inat ion because of your disobedience,

びや６ゲェ ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (". ..is more int ense in heat ;''), t han t he heat t hat you sought t o avoid; it is even more int ense t han fire. Imam Malik narrat ed t hat Abu Az-Zinad said t hat Al-A` raj narrat ed t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀￢∇ゴィ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∠ルヱ⊥ギ͡ホヲ⊥ゎ ヶ͡わャｚや ュ∠ キ∠ へ ヶ͡レよ∠ ケ⊥ ゅル∠ » «ユｚレヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ル ∇リョ͡ や⇔￢∇ゴィ ⊥ (The fire t hat t he son of Adam kindles is but one part of sevent y part s of t he Fire of Jahannam.) They said, "O Allah's Messenger! This fire alone is enough.'' He said,

«や⇔￢∇ゴィ ⊥ リ ∠ Βあわシ ͡ ヱ∠ る∃ バ∠ ∇ジわ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろヤ∠ツ あ プ⊥ » ((Hellfire) was favored by sixt y-nine part s.) The Two Sahihs collect ed t his Hadit h. Al-A` mash narrat ed t hat Abu Ishaq said t hat An-Nu` man bin Bashir said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヶ͡ヤ∇ピΑ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ル ∇リョ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ミや∠ゲセ ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヤ∇バル∠ ∇リョ͡ や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ン∠ゲΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩⊥モィ ∠ ∇ゲヨ͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡ヤ∇ピ∠Α ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ヮ⊥ ビ ⊥ ゅ∠ョキ͡ «ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ (On t he Day of Resurrect ion, t he person who will receive t he least punishment among t he people of t he Fire, wears t wo slippers made from t he Fire of Jahannam causing his brain t o boil, j ust as a pot boils. He t hinks t hat none in t he Fire is receiving a more severe t orment t han he, when in fact he is receiving t he least t orment .) The Two Sahihs collect ed t his Hadit h. There are many ot her Ayat and Prophet ic Hadit hs on t his subj ect . Allah said in His Glorious Book,

び ン∠ヲゼ ｚ ヤあャ る⇔ ハ ∠ やｚゴル∠ - ヴ∠ヌャ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (By no means! Verily, it will be t he Fire of Hell. Taking away (burning complet ely) t he scalp!) ぴ70:15-16び,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠プ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヨダ ∠ わ∠ ∇カや ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ダカ ∠ ラ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ ベ ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョ ぁょダ ∠ Α⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚル リあョ ∀ゆゅ∠Β͡を ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろバ∠ ト あ ホ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゲ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ダΑ⊥ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ シ ͡ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠ケぺ∠ べ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ - ギ∃ Α͡ギェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ノ⊥ ョ͡ ゅ∠ボョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ - キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤイ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ

∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥クヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギΒ͡ハぺ⊥ ユｙ ビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ びペ ͡ Α͡ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ (Al-Hamim (boiling wat er) will be poured down over t heir heads. Wit h it will melt (or vanish away) what is wit hin t heir bellies, as well as (t heir) skins. And for t hem are hooked rods of iron (t o punish t hem). Every t ime t hey seek t o get away t herefrom, from anguish, t hey will be driven back t herein, and (it will be said t o t hem): "Tast e t he t orment of burning!'') ぴ22:19-22び, and,

ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ヤ∇ダル⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グΒ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ や⇔キヲ⊥ヤィ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャギｚ よ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤィ ⊥ ∇ろイ ∠ツ ͡ ル∠ び∠ゆや∠グバ∠ ∇ャや (Surely, t hose who disbelieved in Our Ayat , We shall burn t hem in Fire. As oft en as t heir skins are roast ed t hrough, We shall change t hem for ot her skins t hat t hey may t ast e t he punishment .)ぴ4:56び Allah said here,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャｚ や６ゲェ ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ル ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "The fire of Hell is more int ense in heat ;'' if only t hey could underst and!) meaning, if t hey have any comprehension or underst anding, t hey would have marched wit h t he Messenger of Allah during t he heat , so as t o save t hemselves from t he Fire of Jahannam, which is much more severe. Allah, t he Exalt ed, t hen warns t he hypocrit es against t heir conduct ,

び⇔ΚΒ͡ヤホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ム∠エ∇ツ∠Β∇ヤ∠プぴ (So let t hem laugh a lit t le...) Ibn Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "Life is short , so let t hem laugh as much as t hey like in it . But when life ends and t hey are ret urned t o Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, t hey will st art crying forever wit hout end.''

ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ルク∠ ∇ほわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ る∃ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや マ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ケｚ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ リ∠ャヱ∠ や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ ∠ バ͡ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ リｚャ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ァ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲガ ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ り∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ キ͡ ヲ⊥バボ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ッケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ や６ヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヴ ∠ バ͡ ョ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヘヤ͡⇒∠ガ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヱギ⊥ バ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プ

(83. If Allah brings you back t o a part y of t hem (t he hypocrit es), and t hey ask your permission t o go out (t o fight ), say: "Never shall you go out wit h me nor fight an enemy wit h me; you were pleased t o sit (inact ive) on t he first occasion, t hen you sit (now) wit h t hose who lag behind.'')

Hypocrites are barred from participating in Jihad Allah commands His Messenger, peace be upon him,

び⊥ヮヤｚャや マ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ケｚ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (If Allah brings you back), from t his bat t le,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ る∃ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (t o a part y of t hem) in reference t o t he t welve (hypocrit e) men, according t o Qat adah,

び͡ァヱ⊥ゲガ ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ルク∠ ∇ほわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ (and t hey ask your permission t o go out ), wit h you t o anot her bat t le,

ヴ ∠ バ͡ ョ∠ ∇やヲヤ⊥わ͡ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ リ∠ャヱ∠ や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ ∠ バ͡ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ リｚャ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ぴ びや６ヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ (say: "Never shall you go out wit h me nor fight an enemy wit h me...'') as an admonishment and punishment for t hem. Allah ment ioned t he reason for t his decision,

び∃りゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ キ͡ ヲ⊥バボ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ッケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ ("You were pleased t o sit (inact ive) on t he first occasion...'') Allah said in a similar Ayah,

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ ょ ⊥ あヤボ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び∃りゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ (And We shall t urn t heir heart s and t heir eyes away (from guidance), as t hey refused t o believe t herein for t he first t ime. ) ぴ6:110び The recompense of an evil deed includes being direct ed t o follow it wit h anot her evil deed, while t he reward of a good deed includes being direct ed t o anot her good deed aft er it . For inst ance, Allah said concerning t he ` Umrah of Hudaybiyyah,

ユ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ピョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠ト ∠ ルや や∠クま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤｚガ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ シ ∠ぴ びゅ∠ワヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほわ∠ ャ͡ (Those who lagged behind will say, when you set fort h t o t ake t he spoils.)ぴ48:15び Allah said next ,

び∠リΒ͡ヘヤ͡⇒∠ガ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギバ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プぴ ("...t hen you sit (now) wit h t hose who lag behind.'') in reference t o t he men who lagged behind from ぴTabukび bat t le, according t o Ibn ` Abbas.

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユボ⊥ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ れ ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョあ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ あモダ ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇らホ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠プ (84. And never (O Muhammad ) pray (funeral prayer) for any of t hem (hypocrit es) who dies, nor st and at his grave. Cert ainly t hey disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger, and died while t hey were Fasiqun.)

The Prohibition of Prayer for the Funeral of Hypocrites Allah commands His Messenger t o disown t he hypocrit es, t o abst ain from praying t he funeral prayer when any of t hem dies, from st anding next t o his grave t o seek Allah's forgiveness for him, or t o invoke Allah for his benefit . This is because hypocrit es disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger and died as such. This ruling applies t o all t hose who are known t o be hypocrit es, even t hough it was revealed about t he specific case of ` Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul, t he chief hypocrit e. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said, "When ` Abdullah bin Ubayy died, his son, ` Abdullah bin ` Abdullah, came t o t he Messenger of Allah and asked him t o give him his shirt t o shroud his fat her in, and t he Messenger did t hat . He also asked t hat t he Prophet offer his fat her's funeral prayer, and Allah's Messenger st ood up t o offer t he funeral prayer. ` Umar t ook hold of t he Prophet 's robe and said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Are you going t o offer his funeral prayer even t hough your Lord has forbidden you t o do so' Allah's Messenger said,

:メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヶ͡ルゲ∠ Βｚ カ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡» (I have been given t he choice, for Allah says:

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ラ͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シやぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ り⇔ ゲｚ ョ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ (Whet her you ask forgiveness for t hem (hypocrit es), or do not ask for forgiveness for t hem. Even t hough you ask for t heir forgiveness sevent y t imes, Allah will not forgive t hem.)

«リΒ͡バ∇らジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡コほ∠シ ∠ ヱ∠ (Verily, I will ask ぴfor forgiveness for himび more t han sevent y t imes).' ` Umar said, ` He is a hypocrit e!' So Allah's Messenger offered t he funeral prayer and on t hat Allah revealed t his Verse,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユボ⊥ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ れ ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョあ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ あモダ ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ロゲ͡ ∇らホ∠ (And never (O Muhammad) pray (funeral prayer) for any of t hem (hypocrit es) who dies, nor st and at his grave.)'' ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab narrat ed a similar narrat ion. In t his narrat ion, ` Umar said, "The Prophet offered his funeral prayer, walked wit h t he funeral procession and st ood on his grave unt il he was buried. I was amazed at my daring t o t alk like t his t o t he Messenger of Allah , while Allah and His Messenger have bet t er knowledge. By Allah, soon aft erwards, t hese t wo Ayat were revealed,

び⇔やギ∠よぺ∠ れ ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョあ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ あモダ ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And never (O Muhammad ) pray (funeral prayer) for any of t hem (hypocrit es) who dies.) Ever since t his revelat ion came, t he Prophet never offered t he funeral prayer for any hypocrit e nor st ood on his grave unt il Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, brought deat h t o him.'' At Tirmidhi collect ed t his Hadit h in his Tafsir ぴsect ion of his Sunanび and said, "Hasan Sahih''. AlBukhari also recorded it .

ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇らイ ͡ ∇バゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ペ ∠ ワ∠ ∇ゴゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ Α⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ (85. And let not t heir wealt h or t heir children amaze you. Allah only want s t o punish t hem wit h t hese t hings in t his world, and t hat t heir souls shall depart (die) while t hey are disbelievers.) We ment ioned before t he explanat ion of a similar Ayah, all t he t hanks and praises are due t o Allah.

ノ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ∇ラぺ∠ ∀り∠ケヲ⊥シ ∇ろャ∠ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ へ∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ル∇ケク∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ メ ͡ ∇ヲト ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ マ ∠ ル∠ ク∠ ∇ほわ∠ ∇シや ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ノ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ほよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ッケ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ギバ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ノ∠ ョｚ ∇リム⊥ ル∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ∠ ら͡ デ ⊥ ヱ∠ ブ ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ガ ∠ ∇ャや (86. And when a Surah is revealed, enj oining t hem t o believe in Allah and t o st rive hard and fight along wit h His Messenger, t he wealt hy among t hem ask your leave t o exempt t hem and say, "Leave us (behind), we would be wit h t hose who sit (at home).'') (87. They are cont ent t o be wit h t hose who sit behind. Their heart s are sealed up, so t hey underst and not .)

Admonishing Those Who did not join the Jihad Allah chast ises and admonishes t hose who st ayed away from Jihad and refrained from performing it , even t hough t hey had t he supplies, means and abilit y t o j oin it . They asked t he Messenger for permission t o st ay behind, saying,

び∠リΑ͡ギバ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ノ∠ ョｚ ∇リム⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠ル∇ケク∠ ぴ ("Leave us (behind), we would be wit h t hose who sit (at home)'') t hus accept ing for t hemselves t he shame of lagging behind wit h women, aft er t he army had left . If war st art s, such people are t he most cowardice, but when it is safe, t hey are t he most boast ful among men. Allah described t hem in anot her Ayah,

ケ⊥ ヱギ∠ゎ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ フ ⊥ ∇ヲガ ∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ ょ ∠ ワ∠ ク∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ び∃キや∠ギェ ͡ る∃ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ミヲボ⊥ ヤ∠シ ∠ フ ⊥ ∇ヲガ ∠ ∇ャや (Then when fear comes, you will see t hem looking t o you, t heir eyes revolving like (t hose of) one over whom hovers deat h; but when t he fear depart s, t hey will smit e you wit h sharp t ongues.)ぴ33:19び t heir t ongues direct t heir harsh words against you, when it is safe t o do so. In bat t le, however, t hey are t he most cowardice among men. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

へ∠クみ͡プ∠ ∀り∠ケヲ⊥シ ∇ろャ∠ゴあ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ク⊥ ヱ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ ム∠ ∇エョぁ ∀り∠ケヲ⊥シ ∇ろャ∠ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ

ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ ル∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∀チ∠ゲョｚ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∀る∠ハゅ∠デ - ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ あゼ ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ホギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ュ∠ ゴ∠ ハ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ フ ∀ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バョｚ メ ∀ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ び ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムャ∠ (Those who believe say: "Why is not a Surah sent down (for us) But when a decisive Surah (explaining and ordering t hings) is sent down, and fight ing is ment ioned t herein, you will see t hose in whose heart s is a disease looking at you wit h a look of one faint ing t o deat h. But it was bet t er for t hem. Obedience (t o Allah) and good words (were bet t er for t hem). And when t he mat t er is resolved on, t hen if t hey had been t rue t o Allah, it would have been bet t er for t hem.) ぴ47:20-21び sAllah said next ,

び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ∠ ら͡ デ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (Their heart s are sealed up) because of t heir st aying away from Jihad and from accompanying t he Messenger in Allah's cause,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (so t hey underst and not .) t hey neit her underst and what benefit s t hem so t hat t hey perform it nor what hurt s t hem so t hat t hey avoid it .

∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ム͡ ⇒∠ャぴ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ れ ⊥ や∠ゲ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ヵ͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ (88. But t he Messenger and t hose who believed wit h him st rove hard and fought wit h t heir wealt h and t heir lives. Such are t hey for whom are t he good t hings, and it is t hey who will be successful.) (89. For t hem Allah has prepared Gardens (Paradise) under which rivers flow, t o dwell t herein forever. That is t he supreme success.)

After Allah mentioned the sins of the hypocrites, He praised the faithful believers and described their reward in the Hereafter,

び∇やヱ⊥ギ∠ヰ⇒∠ィ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ム͡ ⇒∠ャぴ (But t he Messenger and t hose who believed wit h him st rove hard and fought ) unt il t he end of t hese t wo Ayat ぴ9:88-89び. This describes t he qualit ies, as well as, t he reward of fait hful believers. Allah said,

び⊥れや∠ゲ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (Such are t hey for whom are t he good t hings), in t he Hereaft er, in t he gardens of Al-Firdaws and t he high grades.

ギ∠ バ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ク∠ ∇ぽΒ⊥ ャ͡ ゆ ͡ や∠ゲ∇ハｘΙや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグあ バ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ⊥ Β͡ダΒ⊥ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥よグ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ (90. And t hose who made excuses from t he bedouins came asking your permission t o exempt t hem (from t he bat t le), and t hose who had lied t o Allah and His Messenger sat at home (wit hout asking t he permission for it ); a painful t orment will seize t hose of t hem who disbelieve.) Allah describes here t he condit ion of t he bedouins who lived around Al-Madinah, who asked for permission t o remain behind from Jihad when t hey came t o t he Messenger t o explain t o him t heir weakness and inabilit y t o j oin t he fight ing. Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t hey were t hose who had valid excuses, for Allah said next ,

び⊥ヮ∠ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥よグ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ギ∠ バ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hose who had lied t o Allah and His Messenger sat at home), and did not ask for permission for it ; and Allah warned t hem of painful punishment ,

び∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ⊥ Β͡ダΒ⊥ ∠シぴ (a painful t orment will seize t hose of t hem who disbelieve.)

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヘバ∠ ツ ぁ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ や∠クま͡ ァ ∀ ゲ∠ ェ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠

リ͡ョ リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥エダ ∠ ル∠ べ∠ョ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ モ ∃ Β͡らシ ∠ や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ͡ ∇ェぺ∠ べ∠ョ ギ⊥ ィ ͡ ぺ∠ Ι ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ͡ ∇エわ∠ ャ͡ ポ ∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ル∠ゴェ ∠ ノ͡ ∇ョギｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヂ ⊥ Β͡ヘゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ｚヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ルク͡ ∇ほわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ⊥ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇レΑ⊥ ノ∠ ら∠ デ ∠ ヱ∠ ブ ͡ ャ͡や∠ヲガ ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ほよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ッケ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠Βレ͡ ∇ビぺ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (91. There is no blame on t hose who are weak or ill or who find no resources t o spend, if t hey are sincere and t rue (in dut y) t o Allah and His Messenger. No means (of complaint ) can t here be against t he doers of good. And Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (92. Nor (is t here blame) on t hose who came t o you t o be provided wit h mount s, when you said: "I can find no mount s for you,'' t hey t urned back, wit h t heir eyes overflowing wit h t ears of grief t hat t hey could not find anyt hing t o spend.) (93. The means (of complaint ) is only against t hose who are rich, and yet ask exempt ion. They are cont ent t o be wit h (t he women) who sit behind (at home) and Allah has sealed up t heir heart s so t hat t hey know not (what t hey are losing).)

Legitimate Excuses for staying away from Jihad Allah ment ions here t he valid excuses t hat permit one t o st ay away from fight ing. He first ment ions t he excuses t hat remain wit h a person, t he weakness in t he body t hat disallows one from Jihad, such as blindness, limping, and so fort h. He t hen ment ions t he excuses t hat are not permanent , such as an illness t hat would prevent one from fight ing in t he cause of Allah, or povert y t hat prevent s preparing for Jihad. There is no sin in t hese cases if t hey remain behind, providing t hat when t hey remain behind, t hey do not spread malice or t ry t o discourage Muslims from fight ing, but all t he while observing good behavior in t his st at e, j ust as Allah said,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ モ ∃ Β͡らシ ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (No means (of complaint ) can t here be against t he doers of good. And Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) Al-Awza` i said, "The people went out for t he Ist isqa' (rain) prayer. Bilal bin Sa` d st ood up, praised Allah and t hanked Him t hen said, ` O t hose who are present ! Do you concur t hat wrong has been done' They said, ` Yes, by Allah!' He said, ` O Allah! We hear your st at ement ,

び∃モΒ͡らシ ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ

(No means (of complaint ) can t here be against t he doers of good.) O Allah! We admit our errors, so forgive us and give us mercy and rain.' He t hen raised his hands and t he people also raised t heir hands, and rain was sent down on t hem.'' Muj ahid said about Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ͡ ∇エわ∠ ャ͡ ポ ∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Nor (is t here blame) on t hose who came t o you t o be provided wit h mount s) Muj ahid said; "It was revealed about Bani Muqarrin from t he t ribe of Muzaynah. '' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Al-Hasan said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ャヱ∠ る∃ ボ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ボヘ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ⇔ョや∠ヲ∇ホぺ∠ る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘヤｚカ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠» ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ⇔ヤ∇Βル∠ ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤル͡ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ⇔Αキ͡ や∠ヱ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ ホ∠ «ゲ∇ィほ∠∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ミゲ∠ セ ∠ (Some people have remained behind you in Al-Madinah; and you never spent anyt hing, crossed a valley, or afflict ed hardship on an enemy, but t hey were sharing t he reward wit h you.) He t hen recit ed t he Ayah,

ギ⊥ ィ ͡ ぺ∠ Ι ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ͡ ∇エわ∠ ャ͡ ポ ∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ͡ ∇ェぺ∠ べ∠ョ (Nor (is t here blame) on t hose who came t o you t o be provided wit h mount s, when you said: "I can find no mount s for you.'') This Hadit h has a basis in t he Two Sahihs from Anas, t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲシ ͡ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ⇔Αキ͡ や∠ヱ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ⇔ョや∠ヲ∇ホぺ∠ る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ｚ ま͡» «ユ⊥ムバ∠ ョ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅｚャま͡ や⇔ゲ∇Βシ ∠ (Some people have remained behind in Al-Madinah and you never crossed a valley or marched fort h, but t hey were wit h you.) They said, "While t hey are st ill at Al-Madinah'' He said,

«ケ∇グバ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ら∠ ェ ∠ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » (Yes, as t hey have been held back by a (legal) excuse.) Then, Allah crit icized t hose who seek permission t o remain behind while t hey are rich, admonishing t hem for want ing t o st ay behind wit h women who remained in t heir homes,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ノ∠ ら∠ デ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and Allah has sealed up t heir heart s, so t hat t hey know not (what t hey are losing).)

∇やヱ⊥ケグ͡ わ∠ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ モ⊥ホ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バィ ∠ ケ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ͡ わ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ぴ ン∠ゲΒ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ら∇カぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠ル∠ほらｚ ∠ル ∇ギホ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ͡ ヤ͡⇒∠ハ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁキゲ∠ ゎ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΒ∠ シ ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ムゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ り͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バわ⊥ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らヤ∠ボ∠ ∇ルや や∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ザ∇ィ͡ケ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ ∇や∇ヲッ ∠ ∇ゲわ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΑ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ リ ͡ハ ∠ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲ∠Α Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇や∇ヲッ ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや (94. They (t he hypocrit es) will present t heir excuses t o you (Muslims), when you ret urn t o t hem. Say "Present no excuses, we shall not believe you. Allah has already informed us of t he news concerning you. Allah and His Messenger will observe your deeds. In t he end you will be brought back t o t he All-Knower of t he unseen and t he seen, t hen He (Allah) will inform you of what you used t o do.'') (95. They will swear by Allah t o you (Muslims) when you ret urn t o t hem, t hat you may t urn away from t hem. So t urn away from t hem. Surely, t hey are Rij s (impure), and Hell is t heir dwelling place -- a recompense for t hat which t hey used t o earn.) (96. They (t he hypocrit es) swear t o you (Muslims) t hat you may be pleased wit h t hem, but if you are pleased wit h t hem, cert ainly Allah is not pleased wit h t he people who are Fasiqin (rebellious).)

Exposing the Deceitful Ways of Hypocrites Allah said t hat when t he believers go back t o Al-Madinah, t he hypocrit es will begin apologizing t o t hem.

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャ ∇やヱ⊥ケグ͡ わ∠ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ モ⊥ホぴ (Say "Present no excuses, we shall not believe you.''), we shall not believe what you say,

び∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ら∇カぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ル∠ほらｚ ∠ル ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Allah has already informed us of t he news concerning you.) Allah has exposed your news t o us,

び⊥ヮャ⊥ヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ン∠ゲΒ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Allah and His Messenger will observe your deeds.) your act ions will be made public t o people in t his life,

ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ムゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ り͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ͡ ヤ͡⇒∠ハ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁキゲ∠ ゎ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ (In t he end you will be brought back t o t he All-Knower of t he unseen and t he seen, t hen He (Allah) will inform you of what you used t o do.) Allah will inform you of your deeds, whet her t hey were good or evil, and will recompense you for t hem. Allah said t hat t he hypocrit es will swear t o t he believers in apology, so t hat t he believers t urn away from t hem wit hout admonishing t hem. Therefore, Allah ordered disgracing t hem by t urning away from t hem, for t hey are,

び∀ザ∇ィケ͡ ぴ (Rij s) meaning, impure inwardly and in t heir creed. Their dest inat ion in t he end will be Jahannam,

び∠ラヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ぴ (a recompense for t hat which t hey used t o earn.) of sins and evil deeds. Allah said t hat if t he believers forgive t he hypocrit es when t hey swear t o t hem,

び∠リΒ͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲ∠Α Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (cert ainly Allah is not pleased wit h t he people who are Fasiqin.) who rebel against t he obedience of Allah and His Messenger . ` Fisq', means, ` deviat ion'.

∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ケ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ホゅ∠ヘル͡ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠ゲ∇ハｘΙやぴ ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ キ∠ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ ゅ⇔ョゲ∠ ∇ピョ∠ ペ ⊥ ヘ͡ レ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ グ⊥ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ リ∠ョ ゆ ͡ や∠ゲ∇ハｘΙや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ -

ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢͡ ∇ヲジ ｚ ャや り⊥ ゲ∠ も͡ へ∠キ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゲ∠ も͡ や∠ヱギｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ よ͡ ゾ ⊥ よｚ ゲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ョ ゆ ͡ や∠ゲ∇ハｘΙや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ろ ∃ ⇒∠よゲ⊥ ホ⊥ ペ ⊥ ヘ͡ レ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ グ⊥ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ∀る∠よ∇ゲホ⊥ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ Ι∠ぺ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや れ ͡ ヲ∠ ヤ∠タ ∠ ヱ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (97. The bedouins are t he worst in disbelief and hypocrisy, and more likely t o not know t he limit s which Allah has revealed t o His Messenger. And Allah is All-Knower, All-Wise.) (98. And of t he bedouins t here are some who look upon what t hey spend (in Allah's cause) as a fine and wat ch for calamit ies for you, on t hem be t he calamit y of evil. And Allah is All-Hearer, AllKnower.) (99. And of t he bedouins t here are some who believe in Allah and t he Last Day, and look upon what t hey spend (in Allah's cause) as means of nearness t o Allah, and a cause of receiving t he Messenger's invocat ions. Indeed t hese (expendit ures) are a means of nearness for t hem. Allah will admit t hem t o His mercy. Cert ainly Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

The Bedouins are the Worst in Disbelief and Hypocrisy Allah st at es t hat t here are disbelievers, hypocrit es and believers among t he bedouins. He also st at es t hat t he disbelief and hypocrisy of t he bedouins is worse and deeper t han t he disbelief and hypocrisy of ot hers. They are t he most likely of being ignorant of t he commandment s t hat Allah has revealed t o His Messenger . Al-A` mash narrat ed t hat Ibrahim said, "A bedouin man sat next t o Zayd bin Sawhan while he was speaking t o his friends. Zayd had lost his hand during t he bat t le of Nahawand. The bedouin man said, ` By Allah! I like your speech. However, your hand causes me suspicion.' Zayd said, ` Why are you suspicious because of my hand, it is t he left hand ぴt hat is cut び' The bedouin man said, ` By Allah! I do not know which hand t hey cut off (for commit t ing t heft ), is it t he right or t he left ' Zayd bin Sawhan said, ` Allah has said t he t rut h,

∇やヲヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ケ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ホゅ∠ヘル͡ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠ゲ∇ハｘΙやぴ び͡ヮ͡ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ キ∠ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ (The bedouins are t he worst in disbelief and hypocrisy, and more likely t o not know t he limit s which Allah has revealed t o His Messenger.)'' Imam Ahmad narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩∠モヘ∠ ビ ∠ ギ∠ ∇Βダ ｚ ャや ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヘィ ∠ る∠ Α∠ キ͡ ゅ∠ら∇ャや リ ∠ ム∠ シ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «リ͡わわ⊥ ∇プや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ト∇ヤジ ぁ ャや ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠

(He who lives in t he desert becomes hard-heart ed, he who follows t he game becomes heedless, and he who associat es wit h t he rulers falls int o Fit nah.) Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i collect ed t his Hadit h. At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib.'' The Prophet once had t o give a bedouin man many gift s because of what he gave him as a gift , unt il t he bedouin became sat isfied. The Prophet said,

∇ヱぺ∠ ヶ ∠セ ͡ ゲ∠ ホ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゅｚャま͡ る⇔ Αｚ ギ͡ ワ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヨ∠ ワ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠» «ヶ͡シ∇ヱキ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヵ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ダ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヶ ∠ ヘ͡ ボ∠ を∠ (I almost decided not t o accept a gift except from someone from Quraysh, Thaqafi, t he Ansar or Daws.) This is because t hese people lived in cit ies, Makkah, At - Ta'if, Al-Madinah and Yemen, and t herefore, t heir conduct and manners are nicer t han t hat of t he hard-heart ed bedouins. Allah said next ,

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is All-Knower, All-Wise.) Allah knows t hose who deserve t o be t aught fait h and knowledge, He wisely dist ribut es knowledge or ignorance, fait h or disbelief and hypocrisy bet ween His servant s. He is never quest ioned as t o what He does, for He is t he All-Knower, AllWise. Allah also said t hat among bedouins are t hose,

び⊥ペヘ͡ レ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ グ⊥ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ リ∠ョぴ (who look upon what t hey spend), in t he cause of Allah,

びゅ⇔ョゲ∠ ∇ピョ∠ ぴ (as a fine), as a loss and a burden,

び∠ゲも͡ や∠ヱギｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ よ͡ ゾ ⊥ よｚ ゲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and wat ch for calamit ies for you), await ing afflict ions and disast ers t o st rike you,

び͡￢∇ヲジ ｚ ャや り⊥ ゲ∠ も͡ へ∠キ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ぴ (on t hem be t he calamit y of evil), evil will t ouch t hem inst ead,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower.) Allah hears t he invocat ion of His servant s and knows who deserves vict ory, who deserve failure. Allah's said;

ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ョ ゆ ͡ や∠ゲ∇ハΙ ｘや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ヤ∠タ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ろ ∃ ⇒∠よゲ⊥ ホ⊥ ペ ⊥ ヘ͡ レ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ グ⊥ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ヱ∠ び͡メヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや (And of t he bedouins t here are some who believe in Allah and t he Last Day, and look upon what t hey spend (in Allah's cause) as means of nearness t o Allah, and a cause of receiving t he Messenger's invocat ions.) This is t he t ype of praisewort hy bedouins. They give charit y in Allah's cause as way of achieving nearness t o Allah and seeking t he Messenger's invocat ion for t heir benefit ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ∀る∠よ∇ゲホ⊥ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ Ι∠ぺぴ (Indeed t hese are a means of nearness for t hem.) t hey will at t ain what t hey sought ,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ シ ∠ぴ (Allah will admit t hem t o His mercy. Cert ainly Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇ルΕ ∠ や∠ヱ リ ∠ Α͡ゲイ ͡ ⇒∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱｚ Ι ｘや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボら͡ ⇒ｚジャや∠ヱぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ッ ͡ ケｚ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ジ∇ェみ͡よ͡ ユ⊥ワヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ヵ͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッケ∠ ヱ∠ び ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΕ ∠や (100. And t he foremost t o embrace Islam of t he Muhaj irin and t he Ansar and also t hose who followed t hem exact ly (in fait h). Allah is well-pleased wit h t hem as t hey are well-pleased wit h Him. He has prepared for t hem Gardens under which rivers flow (Paradise), t o dwell t herein forever. That is t he supreme success.)

Virtues of the Muhajirin, Ansar and Those Who followed Them in Faith Allah ment ions t hat He is pleased foremost wit h t he Muhaj irin, Ansar and t hose who followed t hem in fait h, and t hat t hey are well-pleased wit h Him, for He has prepared for t hem t he gardens of delight and et ernal j oy. Ash-Sha` bi said t hat ,

び͡ゲ⇒∠ダ∇ルΕ ∠ や∠ヱ リ ∠ Α͡ゲイ ͡ ⇒∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ャヱｚ ｘΙや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボら͡ ⇒ｚジャや∠ヱぴ (The foremost Muhaj irin and Ansar) are t hose who conduct ed t he pledge of Ar-Ridwan in t he year of Hudaybiyyah. Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari, Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib, Muhammad bin Sirin, AlHasan and Qat adah said t hat t hey are t hose who performed t he prayer t owards t he t wo Qiblahs wit h t he Messenger of Allah ぴfirst t oward Jerusalem and lat er t oward t he Ka` bahび. Allah, t he Most Great , st at ed t hat He is pleased foremost wit h t he Muhaj irin, t he Ansar and t hose who followed t heir lead wit h excellence. Therefore, woe t o t hose who dislike or curse t hem, or dislike or curse any of t hem, especially t heir mast er aft er t he Messenger, t he best and most right eous among t hem, t he Siddiq (t he great t rut hf ul one) and t he grand Khalifah, Abu Bakr bin Abi Quhafah, may Allah be pleased wit h him. The failure group, t he Rafidah (a sect of Shiit es), are t he enemies of t he best Companions, t hey hat e and curse t hem, we seek refuge wit h Allah from such evil. This indicat es t hat t he minds of t hese people are t wist ed and t heir heart s t urned upside down, for where are t hey in relat ion t o believing in t he Qur'an They curse t hose whom Allah st at ed He is pleased wit h! As for t he followers of t he Sunnah, t hey are pleased wit h t hose whom Allah is pleased wit h, curse whomever Allah and His Messenger curse, and give t heir loyalt y t o Allah's friends and show enmit y t o t he enemies of Allah. They are followers not innovat ors, imit at ing ぴt he Sunnahび t hey do not init iat e it on t heir own. They are indeed t he part y of Allah, t he successful, and Allah's fait hful servant s.

モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レョ⊥ ゆ ͡ や∠ゲ∇ハｘΙや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ベ ͡ ゅ∠ヘレｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゲ∠ ョ∠ る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁキゲ∠ Α⊥ ｚユを⊥ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚ ョｚ ユ⊥ヰよ⊥ グあ バ∠ レ⊥ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バル∠ び ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ (101. And among t he bedouins around you, some are hypocrit es, and so are some among t he people of Al-Madinah who persist in hypocrisy; you know t hem not , We know t hem. We shall punish t hem t wice, and t hereaft er t hey shall be brought back t o a great (horrible) t orment .)

Hypocrites among the Bedouins and Residents of Al-Madinah Allah informs His Messenger, peace be upon him, t hat among t he bedouins around Al-Madinah t here are hypocrit es and in Al-Madinah it self, t hose,

び͡ベゅ∠ヘレｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゲ∠ ョ∠ ぴ (who persist in hypocrisy;) meaning t hey insist ed on hypocrisy and cont inued in it Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バル∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ

(you know t hem not , We know t hem), does not cont radict His ot her st at ement ,

∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΒ͡ジよ͡ ユ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇プゲ∠ バ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ム∠ ⇒∠レ∇Αケ∠ Ε ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び͡メ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ ∇エャ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ プ∠ ゲ͡ ∇バわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ (Had We willed, We could have shown t hem t o you, and you should have known t hem by t heir marks; but surely, you will know t hem by t he t one of t heir speech!)ぴ47:30び, because t he lat t er Ayah describes t hem by t heir charact erist ics, not t hat t he Messenger knows all t hose who have doubt s and hypocrisy. The Messenger knew t hat some of t hose who associat ed wit h him from t he people of Al-Madinah were hypocrit es, and he used t o see t hem day and night ぴbut did not know who t hey were exact lyび. We ment ioned before in t he explanat ion of,

び∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠レΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲぁヨワ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (...and t hey resolved t hat (plot ) which t hey were unable t o carry out ...)ぴ9:74び t hat t he Prophet informed Hudhayfah of t he names of fourt een or fift een hypocrit es. This knowledge is specific in t his case, not t hat t he Messenger of Allah was informed of all t heir names, and Allah knows best . ` Abdur-Razzaq narrat ed t hat Ma` mar said t hat Qat adah comment ed on t his Ayah ぴ9:101び, "What is t he mat t er wit h some people who claim t o have knowledge about ot her people, saying, ` So-and-so is in Paradise and so-and-so is in t he Fire.' If you ask any of t hese people about himself, he would say, ` I do not know (if I will end up in Paradise or t he Fire)!' Verily, you have more knowledge of yourself t han ot her people. You have assumed a j ob t hat even t he Prophet s before you refrained from assuming. Allah's Prophet Nuh said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヴ͡ヨ∇ヤ͡ハ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And what knowledge have I of what t hey used t o do)ぴ26:112び Allah's Prophet Shu` ayb said,

∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ⊥ Βｚ ボ͡ よ∠ ぴ びナ ∃ Β͡ヘエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (That which is left by Allah for you (aft er giving t he right s of t he people) is bet t er for you, if you are believers. And I am not a guardian over you)ぴ11:86び, while Allah said t o His Prophet ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バル∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (you know t hem not , We know t hem.)'' Muj ahid said about Allah's st at ement ,

び͡リ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚ ョｚ ユ⊥ヰよ⊥ グあ ∠バレ⊥ ∠シぴ

(We shall punish t hem t wice), "By killing and capt ure.'' In anot her narrat ion he said, "By hunger and t orment in t he grave,

び∃ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁキゲ∠ Α⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and t hereaft er t hey shall be brought back t o a great (horrible) t orment .)'' ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, "The t orment in t his life st rikes t heir wealt h and offspring,'' and he recit ed t his Ayah,

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇らイ ͡ ∇バゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ (So let not t heir wealt h nor t heir children amaze you; Allah only want s t o punish t hem wit h t hese t hings in t he life of t his world.) ぴ9:55び These afflict ions t orment t hem, but will bring reward for t he believers. As for t he t orment in t he Hereaft er, it is in t he Fire,

び∃ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁキゲ∠ Α⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and t hereaft er t hey shall be brought back t o a great (horrible) t orment .)

Κ ⇔ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥トヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ハや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ゅ⇔ゃあΒシ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ (102. And (t here are) ot hers who have acknowledged t heir sins, t hey have mixed a deed t hat was right eous wit h anot her t hat was evil. Perhaps Allah will t urn unt o t hem in forgiveness. Surely, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

Some Believers stayed away from Battle because They were Lazy Aft er Allah explained t he charact erist ics of t he hypocrit es who st ayed away from bat t le because t hey sought t o avoid it out of denial and doubt , He t hen ment ioned t he disobedient who st ayed away from Jihad due t o laziness and preferring comfort , even t hough t hey t ruely believed,

び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ハや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (And ot hers who have acknowledged t heir sins,) These people admit t ed t heir error t o t hemselves and t heir Lord. They had performed good deeds before, as well as, t his evil deed

t hat t hey commit t ed. For t hem t here was forgiveness and pardon of Allah. This Ayah is general, covering all sinners who combine good and evil deeds, t hus becoming part ly impure, even t hough it was revealed about some people in specific. Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (And (t here are) ot hers), refers t o Abu Lubabah and some of his friends who st ayed away from t he bat t le of Tabuk and t he Messenger of Allah . When t he Messenger of Allah ret urned from t hat bat t le, t his group, Abu Lubabah and five, seven or nine wit h him, t ied t hemselves t o t he pillars of t he Masj id and refused t o let anyone unt ie t hem except t he Messenger of Allah . When t his Ayah was revealed,

び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ハや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (And (t here are) ot hers who have acknowledged t heir sins,) t he Messenger of Allah unt ied t hem and pardoned t hem. '' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Samurah bin Jundub said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t o us,

ヴ∠ャま͡ ヶ͡よ ゅ∠Βヰ∠ わ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プ ∩ヶ͡ルゅ∠んバ∠ わ∠ ∇よゅ∠プ ラ ͡ ゅ∠Βゎ͡ へ る∠ ヤ∠∇Βヤｚャや ヶル͡ ゅ∠ゎぺ∠» ∀メゅ∠ィ͡ケ ゅ∠ルゅｚボヤ∠わ∠ プ∠ る∃ ツ ｚ プ͡ リ ͡ ら͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ワ∠ ク∠ リ ͡ ら͡ ヤ∠よ͡ る∃ Βｚ レ͡ ∇らョ∠ る∃ レ∠ Α͡ギョ∠ ゲ∀ ∇トセ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∃￢や∠ケ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ͡ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ボ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀ゲ∇ト∠セ ヶ͡プ やヲ⊥バボ∠ プ∠ やヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇クや :∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ャゅ∠ホ ∩∃￢や∠ケ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ウ ͡ ら∠ ∇ホほ∠ミ∠ ょ ∠ ワ∠ ク∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ やヲ⊥バィ ∠ ケ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ やヲ⊥バホ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ヰレｚ ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∩∃り∠ケヲ⊥タ リ ͡ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヶ͡プ やヱ⊥ケゅ∠ダプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ￢⊥ ヲぁジャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ :ゅ∠ャゅ∠ホ ∩∠マャ⊥ゴ͡ ∇レョ∠ や∠グワ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ る⊥ ｚレィ ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ :ヶ͡ャ ゅ∠ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ∀ ∇トセ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∀ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∀ゲ∇ト∠セ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ュ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ゅ⇔ゃΒあ シ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ へ∠ヱ ゅ⇔エャ͡ゅ∠タ ゅ⇔ヤヨ∠ ハ ∠ やヲ⊥トヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∀ウΒ͡らホ∠ «ユ⊥ヰ∇レハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や コ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠イゎ∠ (Last Night , t wo (angels) came t o me (in a vision) and t ook me t o a cit y, built wit h bricks made of gold and silver. We met some men who, part of t heir bodies were as handsome as you ever saw and t he part as ugly as you ever saw. The t wo (angels) ordered t hese men t o go t o a river

and submerge t hemselves in it ; t hey did t hat and came back t o us, and t he ugliness went away from t hem, t hus becoming t he most beaut iful form. The t wo said t o me, ` This is t he garden of Eden, and t his is your residence in it .' The t wo said, ` As for t he men who had part of t heir body handsome and part ugly, t hey have mixed a deed t hat was right eous wit h anot her t hat was evil. Allah has pardoned t hem.') Al-Bukhari recorded t his Hadit h in a short form upon t he explanat ion of t his Ayah.

ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ Βあミゴ∠ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ あヰト ∠ ゎ⊥ る⇔ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇グカ ⊥ぴ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ リ ∀ ム∠ シ ∠ マ ∠ ゎ∠ ヲ∠ ヤ∠タ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ あタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇リハ ∠ る∠ よ∠ ∇ヲわｚ ャや モ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ゆ ⊥ やｚヲわｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ホギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ び ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや (103. Take Sadaqah from t heir wealt h in order t o purify t hem and sanct ify t hem wit h it , and Salli for t hem. Verily, your Salat are a Sakan for t hem; and Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower.) (104. Know t hey not t hat Allah accept s repent ance from His servant s and accept s t he Sadaqat , and t hat Allah alone is t he One Who forgives and accept s repent ance, Most Merciful)

The Command to collect the Zakah and Its Benefits Allah commanded His Messenger t o t ake Sadaqah from t he Muslims' money t o purify and sanct ify t hem wit h it . This Ayah is general, even t hough some said t hat it refers specifically t o t hose who mixed good and evil deeds, who admit t ed t o t heir errors. Some bedouin lat er t hought t hat paying Zakah t o t he Leader was not legislat ed except t o t he Messenger himself, using t his Ayah as evidence,

び⇔るホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇グカ ⊥ぴ (Take Sadaqah from t heir wealt h.) Abu Bakr As-Siddiq and ot her Companions refut ed t his ill comprehension and fought against t hem unt il t hey paid t he Zakah t o t he Khalifah, j ust as t hey used t o pay it t o t he Messenger of Allah . As-Siddiq said, "By Allah! If t hey abst ain from paying a bridle t hat t hey used t o pay t o t he Messenger of Allah , I will fight t hem for refraining from paying it .'' Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ あタ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and Salli for t hem), means, supplicat e for t hem, and ask Allah t o forgive t hem. In t he Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Abi Awfa said, "Whenever t he Prophet was brought charit y, he used t o invoke Allah for t hose who brought it . My fat her also brought his charit y and t he Prophet said,

«ヴ∠プ∇ヱぺ∠ ヶ͡よぺ∠ メ ͡ へ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ あタ ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» (O Allah! I invoke You for t he family of Abu Awfa.)'' Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ リ ∀ ム∠ シ ∠ マ ∠ ゎ∠ ヲ∠ ヤ∠タ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, your Salat are a Sakan for t hem), means, a mercy for t hem, according t o Ibn ` Abbas. Allah said next ,

び∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (and Allah is All-Hearer,) of your invocat ion (O Muhammad),

び∀ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ぴ (All-Knower.) in t hose who deserve your invocat ion on t heir behalf, who are wort hy of it . Allah said,

ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ る∠ よ∠ ∇ヲわｚ ャや モ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び͡ろ⇒∠ホギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ (Know t hey not t hat Allah accept s repent ance from His servant s and accept s t he Sadaqat ) This Ayah encourages revert ing t o repent ance and giving charit y, for each of t hese act ions erases, delet es and eradicat e sins. Allah st at es t hat He accept s t he repent ance of t hose who repent t o Him, as well as charit y from pure resources, for Allah accept s it wit h His Right Hand and raises it for it s giver unt il even a dat e becomes as large as Mount Uhud. Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ヰΒあよゲ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ レ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ワグ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや モ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ボヤぁャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩⊥ロゲ∠ ∇ヰョ⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヶあよゲ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ «ギ⊥ェぺ⊥ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャ∠ (Verily, Allah accept s charit y, receives it in His Right Hand and develops it for it s giver, j ust as one of you raises his pony, unt il t he bit e ぴof foodび becomes as large as Uhud.) wThe Book of Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, t est ifies t o t his Hadit h,

ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ る∠ よ∠ ∇ヲわｚ ャや モ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び͡ろ⇒∠ホギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ (Know t hey not t hat Allah accept s repent ance from His servant s and accept s t he Sadaqat ), and,

び͡ろ⇒∠ホギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや ヴ͡よ∇ゲΑ⊥ ∠ヱ ∇やヲ∠よゲあ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ペ ⊥エ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ぴ (Allah will dest roy Riba and will give increase for Sadaqat .) ぴ2:276び ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "Charit y falls in Allah's Hand before it falls in t he needy's hand,'' he t hen recit ed t his Ayah,

ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ る∠ よ∠ ∇ヲわｚ ャや モ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び͡ろ⇒∠ホギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ (Know t hey not t hat Allah accept s repent ance from His servant s and accept s t he Sadaqat ).

ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ン∠ゲΒ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ り͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ͡ ヤ͡⇒∠ハ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∠ラヱぁキ∠ゲわ⊥ ∠シ∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらレ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ (105. And say "Do deeds! Allah will see your deeds, and (so will) His Messenger and t he believers. And you will be brought back t o t he All-Knower of t he unseen and t he seen. Then He will inform you of what you used t o do.'')

Warning the Disobedient Muj ahid said t hat t his Ayah carries a warning from Allah t o t hose who defy His orders. Their deeds will be shown t o Allah, Blessed and Most Honored, and t o t he Messenger and t he believers. This will cert ainly occur on t he Day of Resurrect ion, j ust as Allah said,

び る∀ Β∠ プ͡ ゅ∠カ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ヴ∠ヘ∇ガゎ∠ Ι ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ∠ ∇バゎ⊥ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (That Day shall you be brought t o Judgement , not a secret of you will be hidden.) ぴ69:18び,

び ゲ⊥ も͡ へ∠ゲジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤ∇らゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ

(The Day when all t he secret s will be examined.)ぴ86:9び, and,

び ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅョ∠ モ ∠ダ あ ェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat which is in t he breast s (of men) shall be made known.)ぴ100:10び Allah might also expose some deeds t o t he people in t his life. Al-Bukhari said t hat ` Aishah said, "If t he good deeds of a Muslim person please you, t hen say,

ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠

∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ハ ∠

ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや

ン∠ゲΒ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハやぴ び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ

(Do deeds! Allah will see your deeds, and (so will) His Messenger and t he believers.)'' There is a Hadit h t hat carries a similar meaning. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ユ⊥ わ∠ ∇ガΑ⊥ ユ∠ よ͡ やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ∇レゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ほ∠よ͡ やヲ⊥らイ ∠ ∇バゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ャ» る⇔ ワ∠ ゲ⇒⇒∠よ ∇ヱぺ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヨハ ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ョコ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ モ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ れ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヲャ∠ ウ ∃ ャ͡ゅ∠タ モ ∃ ヨ∠ バ∠ よ͡ . ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ワキ∠ ∇リョ͡ ギ∠ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃΒあ シ ∠ ゅ⇔ヤヨ∠ ハ ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ プ∠ メ ⊥ ヲｚ エ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ｚユを⊥ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや れ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヲャ∠ ∩∃￢ヶ あシ ∠ モ ∃ ヨ∠ バ∠ よ͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ワキ∠ ∇リョ͡ る∠ ワ∠ ∇ゲら⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ ャ∠ ∩ゅ⇔エャ͡ゅ∠タ ゅ⇔ヤヨ∠ ハ ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ プ∠ メ ⊥ ヲｚ エ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ｚユを⊥ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ «ヮ͡ゎ∇ヲョ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇バわ∠ ∇シや や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らバ∠ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ や キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ (Do not be pleased wit h someone's deeds unt il you see what his deeds in t he end will be like. Verily, one might work for some t ime of his life wit h good deeds, so t hat if he dies while doing it , he will ent er Paradise. However, he changes and commit s evil deeds. one might commit evil deeds for some t ime in his life, so t hat if he dies while doing t hem he will ent er t he Fire. However, he changes and performs good deeds. If Allah want s t he good of a servant He employs him before he dies.) He was asked, "How would Allah employ him, O Allah's Messenger'' He said,

«ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ツ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ウ ∃ ャ͡ゅ∠タ モ ∃ ヨ͡ バ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ボ⊥ あプヲ∠ Α⊥ » (He direct s him t o perform good deeds and t akes his life in t hat condit ion.) Only Imam Ahmad collect ed t his Hadit h.

ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ あグバ∠ Α⊥ ゅｚョ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘ ラ ∠ ∇ヲィ ∠ ∇ゲョ⊥ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ (106. And ot hers are made t o await for Allah's Decree, whet her He will punish t hem or will forgive t hem. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.)

Delaying the Decision about the Three Companions Who stayed away from the Battle of Tabuk Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Ad-Dahhak and several ot hers said t hat t hose ment ioned in t he Ayah are t he t hree who were made t o wait t o know if t heir repent ance was accept ed; Mararah bin Ar-Rabi` , Ka` b bin Malik and Hilal bin Umayyah. Some Companions st ayed behind from t he bat t le of Tabuk due t o laziness, preferring comfort , ease, ripe fruit s and shade. They did not lag behind because of hypocrisy or doubt s. Some of t hem t ied t hemselves t o t he pillars (of t he Masj id) like Abu Lubabah and several of his friends did. Some of t hem did not do t hat , and t hey are t he t hree ment ioned here. Those who t ied t hemselves received t heir pardon before t hese t hree men whose pardon was delayed, unt il t his Ayah was revealed,

び͡ゲ⇒∠ダルｘΙや∠ヱ リ ∠ Α͡ゲイ ͡ ⇒∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ あ ら͡ レｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぶや ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Allah has forgiven t he Prophet , t he Muhaj irin and t he Ansar...)

∇ろホ∠ ゅ∠ッ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤあカ ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや る͡ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤんｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ び∇ろら∠ ェ ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ チ ⊥ ∇ケΕ ∠ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (And t he t hree who st ayed behind, unt il for t hem t he eart h, vast as it is, was st rait ened...) We will ment ion t he Hadit h about t his st ory from Ka` b bin Malik. Allah said,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ あグバ∠ Α⊥ ゅｚョま͡ぴ (whet her He will punish t hem or will forgive t hem. ) meaning, t hey are at Allah's mercy, if He wills, He pardons t hem or punishes t hem. However, Allah's mercy comes before His anger,

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.) ぴ9:106び Allah knows t hose who deserve t he punishment and t hose who deserve t he pardon. He is All-Wise in His act ions and st at ement s, t here is no deit y wort hy of worship nor Lord besides Him.

ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲ∇ヘゎ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ケや∠ゲッ ͡ や⇔ギイ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グ∠ガゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ゆ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ェ ∇リヨ∠ ャあ や⇔キゅ∠タ∇ケま͡ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ル∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ リ ｚ ヘ∠ ヤ͡∇エΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ギ∀ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ャｚ や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユボ⊥ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ュ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ペ ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ メ ͡ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ザ ∠ シ あ ぺ⊥ ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヰｚ ト ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ラぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ ∀メゅ∠ィ͡ケ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ヮ͡ Β͡プ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヰあ ト ｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや (107. And as for t hose who put up a Masj id by way of harm and disbelief and t o disunit e t he believers and as an out post for t hose who warred against Allah and His Messenger aforet ime, t hey will indeed swear t hat t heir int ent ion is not hing but good. Allah bears wit ness t hat t hey are cert ainly liars.) (108. Never st and you t herein. Verily, t he Masj id whose foundat ion was laid from t he first day on Taqwa is more wort hy t hat you st and t herein (t o pray). In it are men who love t o clean and purify t hemselves. And Allah loves t hose who make t hemselves clean and pure.)

Masjid Ad-Dirar and Masjid At-Taqwa The reason behind revealing t hese honorable Ayat is t hat before t he Messenger of Allah migrat ed t o Al-Madinah, t here was a man from Al-Khazraj called "Abu ` Amir Ar-Rahib (t he Monk).'' This man embraced Christ ianit y before Islam and read t he Script ures. During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, Abu ` Amir was known for being a worshipper and being a not able person among Al-Khazraj . When t he Messenger of Allah arrived at Al-Madinah aft er t he Hij rah, t he Muslims gat hered around him and t he word of Islam was t riumphant on t he day of Badr, causing Abu ` Amir, t he cursed one, t o choke on his own saliva and announce his enmit y t o Islam. He fled from Al-Madinah t o t he idolat ors of Quraysh in Makkah t o support t hem in t he war against t he Messenger of Allah . The Quraysh unit ed t heir forces and t he bedouins who j oined t hem for t he bat t le of Uhud, during which Allah t est ed t he Muslims, but t he good end is always for t he pious and right eous people. The rebellious Abu ` Amir dug many holes in t he ground bet ween t he t wo camps, int o one of which t he Messenger fell, inj uring his face and breaking one of his right lower t eet h. He also sust ained a head inj ury. Before t he fight ing st art ed, Abu ` Amir approached his people among t he Ansar and t ried t o convince t hem t o support and agree wit h him. When t hey recognized him, t hey said, "May Allah never burden an eye by seeing you, O Fasiq one, O enemy of Allah!'' They cursed him and he went back declaring, "By Allah! Evil has t ouched my people aft er I left .'' The Messenger of Allah called Abu ` Amir t o Allah and recit ed t he Qur'an t o him before his flight t o Makkah, but he refused t o embrace Islam and rebelled. The Messenger invoked Allah t hat Abu ` Amir die as an out cast in an alien land, and his invocat ion came t rue. Aft er t he bat t le of Uhud was finished, Abu ` Amir realized t hat t he Messenger's call was st ill rising and gaining moment um, so he went t o Heraclius, t he emperor of Rome, asking for his aid against t he Prophet . Heraclius gave him promises and Abu ` Amir

remained wit h him. He also wrot e t o several of his people in Al-Madinah, who embraced hypocrisy, promising and insinuat ing t o t hem t hat he will lead an army t o fight t he Messenger of Allah t o defeat him and his call. He ordered t hem t o est ablish a st ronghold where he could send his emissaries and t o serve as an out post when he j oins t hem lat er on. These hypocrit es built a Masj id next t o t he Masj id in Quba', and t hey finished building it before t he Messenger went t o Tabuk. They went t o t he Messenger invit ing him t o pray in t heir Masj id so t hat it would be a proof t hat t he Messenger approved of t heir Masj id. They t old him t hat t hey built t he Masj id for t he weak and ill persons on rainy night s. However, Allah prevent ed His Messenger from praying in t hat Masj id. He said t o t hem,

«ぶや ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ∇ラま͡ ゅ∠レ∇バ∠ィ∠ケ や∠クま͡ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ヘ∠ シ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅｚル͡ま» (If we come back from our t ravel, Allah willing.)'' When t he Messenger of Allah came back from Tabuk and was approximat ely one or t wo days away from Al-Madinah, Jibril came down t o him wit h t he news about Masj id Ad-Dirar and t he disbelief and division bet ween t he believers, who were in Masj id Quba' (which was built on piet y from t he first day), t hat Masj id Ad-Dirar was meant t o achieve. Therefore, t he Messenger of Allah sent some people t o Masj id Ad-Dirar t o bring it down before he reached Al-Madinah. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about t his Ayah (9:107), "They are some people of t he Ansar t o whom Abu ` Amir said, ` Build a Masj id and prepare what ever you can of power and weapons, for I am headed t owards Caesar, emperor of Rome, t o bring Roman soldiers wit h whom I will expel Muhammad and his companions.' When t hey built t heir Masj id, t hey went t o t he Prophet and said t o him, "We finished building our Masj id and we would like you pray in it and invoke Allah for us for His blessings.''Allah revealed t his verse,

びや⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユボ⊥ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (Never st and you t herein), unt il,

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌ∇ャやぴ (...wrongdoers) '' Allah said next ,

びｚリヘ∠ ヤ͡∇エΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (t hey will indeed swear), t hose who built it ,

びヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ル∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ぴ (t hat t heir int ent ion is not hing but good.) by building t his Masj id we sought t he good and t he comfort of t he people. Allah replied,

び∠ラヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ

(Allah bears wit ness t hat t hey are cert ainly liars) for t hey only built it t o harm Masj id Quba', and out of disbelief in Allah, and t o divide t he believers. They made it an out post for t hose who warred against Allah and His Messenger , such as Abu ` Amir t he Fasiq who used t o be called Ar-Rahib, may Allah curse him! Allah said,

びや⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユボ⊥ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (Never st and you t herein), prohibit ing His Prophet and his Ummah from ever st anding in it in prayer.

Virtues of Masjid Quba Allah encouraged His Prophet t o pray in Masj id Quba' which, from t he first day, was built on Taqwa, obedience t o Allah and His Messenger , for gat hering t he word of t he believers and as an out post and a fort for Islam and it s people. This is why Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ラ∠ぺ ペ ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ メ ͡ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ザ ∠ シ あ ぺ⊥ ギ∀ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ャｚぴ び͡ヮΒ͡プ ュ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ (Verily, t he Masj id whose foundat ion was laid from t he first day on Taqwa is more wort hy t hat you st and t herein (t o pray).) in reference t o t he Masj id of Quba'. An aut hent ic Hadit h records t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«り∠ゲ∇ヨバ⊥ ミ∠ ￢∃ ゅ∠らホ⊥ ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ ヶ͡プ ∀りゅ∠ヤ∠タ» (One prayer in Masj id Quba' is j ust like an ` Umrah.) It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o visit Masj id Quba' while riding and walking. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Uwaym bin Sa` idah Al-Ansari said t hat t he Prophet went t o Masj id Quba' and asked,

ヶ͡プ ￢∠ ゅ∠レんｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰト ぁ ャや や∠グワ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∩∇ユミ⊥ ͡ギ͡イ∇ジ∠ョ る͡ ダ ｚ ホ͡ ヶ͡プ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰト ぁ ャや «∨͡ヮよ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヰｚ ト ∠ ゎ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや (In t he st ory about your Masj id, Allah t he Exalt ed has praised you concerning t he purificat ion t hat you perform. What is t he purificat ion t hat you perform) They said, "By Allah, O Allah's Messenger! We do not know except t hat we had neighbors from t he Jews who used t o use wat er t o wash wit h aft er answering t he call of nat ure, and we washed as t hey washed.'' Ibn Khuzaymah collect ed t his Hadit h in his Sahih. Allah's st at ement ,

ラ∠ぺ ペ ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ メ ͡ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ザ ∠ シ あ ぺ⊥ ギ∀ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ャｚぴ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヰｚ ト ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ ∀メゅ∠ィ͡ケ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ュ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ び∠リΑ͡ゲヰあ ト ｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ (Verily, t he Masj id whose foundat ion was laid from t he first day on Taqwa is more wort hy t hat you st and t herein (t o pray). In it are men who love t o clean and purify t hemselves. And Allah loves t hose who make t hemselves clean and pure.) This encourages praying in old Masj ids t hat were built for t he purpose of worshipping Allah alone, wit hout part ners. It is also recommended t o j oin t he prayer wit h t he believing group and worshippers who implement t heir fait h, t hose who perform Wudu' perfect ly and preserve t hemselves from impure t hings. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat one of t he Companions of t he Messenger of Allah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah led t hem in a Dawn (Subh) prayer in which he recit ed Surat Ar-Rum (chapt er 30) and made mist akes in t he recit at ion. When he finished t he prayer, he said,

ラ ∠ ヲぁヤダ ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ⇔ョや∠ヲ∇ホぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ヤΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡» り∠ ゅヤ∠ダ ｚ ャや ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩∠￢ヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レジ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ゅ∠レバ∠ ョ∠ «￢ヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ジ ͡ ∇エΒ⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ゅ∠レバ∠ ョ∠ (We somet imes make mist akes in recit ing t he Qur'an, t here are people among you who at t end t he prayer wit h us, but do not perform Wudu' perfect ly. Therefore, whoever at t ends t he prayer wit h us let him make perfect Wudu'.) This Hadit h indicat es t hat complet e purificat ion helps in t he performance of act s of worship and aids in preserving and complet ing t hem.

ラ ∃ や∠ヲ∇ッケ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ン∠ヲ∇ボゎ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠Β∇レよ⊥ ザ ∠ シ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ケ∃ ゅ∠ワ フ ∃ ゲ⊥ ィ ⊥ ゅヘ∠ セ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠Β∇レよ⊥ ザ ∠ シ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇リョｚ ュ∠ぺ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ル ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ よ͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ルゅ∠プ ヴ͡プ る⇔ ら∠ Α͡ケ ∇や∇ヲレ∠ よ∠ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ル⊥ ゅ∠Β∇レよ⊥ メ ⊥ や∠ゴΑ∠ Ι ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや び ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ノ∠ ト ｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ (109. Is it t hen he who laid t he foundat ion of his building on Taqwa t o Allah and His good pleasure bet t er, or he who laid t he foundat ion of his building on t he brink of an undet ermined precipice ready t o crumble down, so t hat it crumbled t o pieces wit h him int o t he fire of Hell. And Allah guides not t he people who are t he wrongdoers.) (110. The building which t hey built

will never cease t o be a cause of hypocrisy and doubt in t heir heart s unless t heir heart s are cut t o pieces. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.)

The Difference between Masjid At-Taqwa and Masjid Ad-Dirar Allah t he Exalt ed says t hat t he Masj id t hat has been built on t he basis of Taqwa of Allah and His pleasure is not t he same as a Masj id t hat was been built based on causing harm, disbelief and causing division among t he believers, and as an out post for t hose who warred against Allah and His Messenger . The lat t er built t heir Masj id on t he edge of a st eep hole,

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ル ヴ͡プぴ (int o t he fire of Hell. And Allah guides not t he people who are t he wrongdoers.), Allah does not bring aright t he works of t hose who commit mischief. Jabir bin ` Abdullah said, "I saw t he Masj id t hat was built t o cause harm wit h smoke rising up from it , during t he t ime of t he Messenger of Allah .'' Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ る⇔ ら∠ Α͡ケ ∇や∇ヲレ∠ よ∠ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ル⊥ ゅ∠Β∇レよ⊥ メ ⊥ や∠ゴΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (The building which t hey built will never cease t o be a cause of doubt in t heir heart s) and hypocrisy. Because of t his awful act ion t hat t hey commit t ed, t hey inherit ed hypocrisy in t heir heart s, j ust as t hose who worshipped t he calf were inclined t o adoring it . Allah said next ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ノ∠ ト ｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (unless t heir heart s are cut t o pieces.) unt il t hey die, according t o Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Qat adah, Zayd bin Aslam, As-Suddi, Habib bin Abi Thabit , Ad-Dahhak, ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam and several ot her scholars of t he Salaf.

び∀ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is All-Knowing,) of t he act ions of His creat ion,

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ぴ (All-Wise.) in compensat ing t hem for t heir good or evil act ions.

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇セや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ャ∂や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡

モ ͡ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱ り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ６ボェ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や⇔ギ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠プ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ や￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ び ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠よ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ バ͡ ∇Βら∠ よ͡ (111. Verily, Allah has purchased of t he believers t heir lives and t heir propert ies for (t he price) t hat t heirs shall be t he Paradise. They fight in Allah's cause, so t hey kill and are killed. It is a promise in t rut h which is binding on Him in t he Tawrah and t he Inj il and t he Qur'an. And who is t ruer t o his covenant t han Allah Then rej oice in t he bargain which you have concluded. That is t he supreme success.)

Allah has purchased the Souls and Wealth of the Mujahidin in Return for Paradise Allah st at es t hat He has compensat ed His believing servant s for t heir lives and wealt h -- if t hey give t hem up in His cause -- wit h Paradise. This demonst rat es Allah's favor, generosit y and bount y, for He has accept ed t he good t hat He already owns and best owed, as a price from His fait hful servant s. Al-Hasan Al-Basri and Qat adah comment ed, "By Allah! Allah has purchased t hem and raised t heir wort h.'' Shimr bin ` At iyyah said, "There is not a Muslim but has on his neck a sale t hat he must conduct wit h Allah; he eit her fulfills it s t erms or dies wit hout doing t hat .'' He t hen recit ed t his Ayah. This is why t hose who fight in t he cause of Allah are said t o have conduct ed t he sale wit h Allah, meaning, accept ed and fulfilled his covenant . Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ぴ (They fight in Allah's cause, so t hey kill and are killed.) indicat es t hat whet her t hey were killed or t hey kill t he enemy, or bot h, t hen Paradise will be t heirs. The Two Sahihs recorded t he Hadit h,

ゅｚャま͡ ヮ⊥ ィ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ぶ ⊥ やモ ∠ ヘｚ ム∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ » ∇ラぺ∠ ロ⊥ ゅｚプヲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ラほ∠よ͡ ヶ͡ヤシ ⊥ ゲ⊥ よ͡ ∀ペΑ͡ギ∇ダゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ヤΒ͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ∀キゅ∠ヰィ ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ャ͡ゴ͡ ∇レョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∠るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ «る∠ヨΒ͡レビ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ル ゅ∠ョ ゅ⇔ヤも͡ ゅ∠ル ∩⊥ヮ∇レョ͡ (Allah has made a promise t o t he person who goes out (t o fight ) in His cause; ` And not hing compels him t o do so except Jihad = in My Cause and belief in My Messengers. ' He will eit her be admit t ed t o Paradise if he dies, or compensat ed by Allah, eit her wit h a reward or boot y if He ret urns him t o t he home which he depart ed from.) Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ラや￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱ り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ６ボェ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や⇔ギ∇ハヱ∠ ぴ (It is a promise in t rut h which is binding on Him in t he Tawrah and t he Inj il and t he Qur'an.) affirms t his promise and informs us t hat Allah has decreed t his for His Most Honorable Self, and revealed it t o His Messengers in His Glorious Books, t he Tawrah t hat He sent down t o Musa, t he Inj il t hat He sent down t o ` Isa, and t he Qur'an t hat was sent down t o Muhammad, may Allah's peace and blessings be on t hem all. Allah said next ,

び͡ヮヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠プ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And who is t ruer t o his covenant t han Allah) affirming t hat He never breaks a promise. Allah said in similar st at ement s,

び⇔ゅんΑ͡ギェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ベ ⊥ ギ∠ ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And who is t ruer in st at ement t han Allah)ぴ4:87び, and,

び⇔ΚΒ͡ホ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ベ ⊥ ギ∠ ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And whose words can be t ruer t han t hose of Allah)ぴ4:122び. Allah said next ,

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠よ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ バ͡ ∇Βら∠ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ び⊥ユΒ͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや (Then rej oice in t he bargain which you have concluded. That is t he supreme success.), meaning, let t hose who fulfill t he t erms of t his cont ract and uphold t his covenant receive t he good news of great success and everlast ing delight .

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エゃ͡ ⇒ｚジャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヨ͡ ⇒∠エ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らゃ͡ ⇒ｚわャやぴ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ͡ Ι ｘや ラ ∠ ヱギ͡イ⇒ｚジャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バミ͡ ゲ∠ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ͡ ヱ⊥ギエ ⊥ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠エ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ム∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ワゅｚレャや∠ヱ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ゼ あ よ∠ ヱ∠ (112. Those who repent , who worship (Him), who praise (Him), who fast , who bow down, who prost rat e t hemselves, who enj oin good and forbid evil, and who observe t he limit s set by Allah. And give glad t idings t o t he believers.)

This is the description of the believers from whom Allah has purchased their souls and wealth, who have these beautiful and honorable qualities,

び∠ラヲ⊥らゃ͡ ⇒ｚわャやぴ (who repent ) from all sins and shun all evils,

び∠ラヱ⊥ギら͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャやぴ (who worship), t heir Lord and preserve t he act s of worship t hat include st at ement s and act ions. Praising Allah is among t he best st at ement s. This is why Allah said next ,

び∠ラヱギ⊥ ヨ͡ ⇒∠エ∇ャやぴ (who praise (Him)). Fast ing is among t he best act ions, involving abst aining from t he delight s of food, drink and sexual int ercourse, t his is t he meaning hereby,

び∠ラヲ⊥エゃ͡ ⇒ｚジャやぴ (As-Sa'ihun (who fast )) ぴ9: 112び. Allah also described t he Prophet 's wives t hat t hey are,

び∃ろ⇒∠エゃ͡ ⇒∠シぴ (Sa'ihat ) ぴ66:5び, meaning, t hey fast . As for prost rat ing and bowing down, t hey are act s of t he prayer,

び∠ラヱギ͡イ⇒ｚジャや ∠ラヲ⊥バ͡ミ∠ゲャやぴ (who bow down, who prost rat e t hemselves,) These believers also benefit Allah's creat ion and direct t hem t o His obedience by ordaining right eousness and forbidding evil. They have knowledge about what should be performed and what should be shunned. This includes abiding by Allah's limit s in knowledge and act ion, meaning, what He allowed and what He prohibit ed. Therefore, t hey worship t he True Lord and advise creat ion. This is why Allah said next ,

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ゼ あ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And give glad t idings t o t he believers.) since fait h includes all of t his, and t he supreme success is for t hose who have fait h.

∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヴ あ ら͡ レｚヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ∠よ∇ゲホ⊥ ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヘ∇ピわ͡ ∇シや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ロ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ べ∠ワギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ギ∠ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョｚ リ∠ハ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ∀ロやｚヱΕ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ぺ∠ゲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ェ (113. It is not (proper) for t he Prophet and t hose who believe t o ask Allah's forgiveness for t he Mushrikin, even t hough t hey be of kin, aft er it has become clear t o t hem t hat t hey are t he dwellers of t he Fire (because t hey died in a st at e of disbelief).) (114. And Ibrahim's invoking (of Allah) for his fat her's forgiveness was only because of a promise he ぴIbrahimび had made t o him (his fat her). But when it became clear t o him ぴIbrahimび t hat he (his fat her) is an enemy of Allah, he dissociat ed himself from him. Verily, Ibrahim was Awwah and forbearing.)

The Prohibition of supplicating for Polytheists Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn Al-Musayyib said t hat his fat her Al-Musayyib said, "When Abu Talib was dying, t he Prophet went t o him and found Abu Jahl and ` Abdullah bin Abi Umayyah present . The Prophet said,

ゅ∠ヰ͡よ マ ∠ ャ∠ ァ ぁ ゅ∠ェぺ⊥ る⇔ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅあャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ ∇モホ⊥ ∩あユハ ∠ ∇ヵぺ∠» «モ∠ィヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ (O uncle! Say, ` La ilaha illa-llah,' a word concerning which I will plea for you wit h Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored.) Abu Jahl and ` Abdullah bin Abi Umayyah said, ` O Abu Talib! Would you leave t he religion of Abdul-Mut t alib' Abu Talib said, ` Rat her, I will remain on t he religion of Abdul-Mut t alib.' The Prophet said,

«マ∇レハ ∠ ヮ∠ ∇ルぺ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シほ∠ャ∠» (I will invoke Allah for forgiveness for you, as long as I am not prohibit ed from doing so.) This verse was revealed,

∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヴ あ ら͡ レｚヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ∠よ∇ゲホ⊥ ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ び ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ (It is not (proper) for t he Prophet and t hose who believe t o ask Allah's forgiveness for t he Mushrikin, even t hough t hey be of kin, aft er it has become clear t o t hem t hat t hey are t he dwellers of t he Fire.) Concerning Abu Talib, t his Ayah was revealed,

リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇らら∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ン͡ギ∇ヰゎ∠ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ (Verily, you guide not whom you like, but Allah guides whom He wills) ぴ28:56び.'' This Hadit h is recorded in t he Two Sahihs. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Sulayman bin Buraydah said t hat his fat her said, "When t he Prophet came t o Makkah, he went t o a grave, sat next t o it , st art ed t alking and t hen st ood up wit h t ears in his eyes. We said, ` O Allah's Messenger! We saw what you did.' He said,

ラ ∠ ク͡ ほ∠プ∠ ヶあョぺ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇らホ∠ り͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠Αコ͡ ヶ͡プ ヶあよケ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ルク∠ ∇ほわ∠ ∇シや ヶあルま͡» «ヶ͡ャ ∇ラク∠ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヘ∇ピわ͡ ∇シゅ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ルク∠ ∇ほわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ∩ヶ͡ャ (I asked my Lord for permission t o visit t he grave of my mot her and He gave me permission. I asked for His permission t o invoke Him for forgiveness for her, but He did not give me permission.) We never saw him more t earful t han on t hat day.''' Al-` Awfi narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas about Allah's st at ement ,

∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヴ あ ら͡ レｚヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ び∠リΒ͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ (It is not (proper) for t he Prophet and t hose who believe t o ask Allah's forgiveness for t he Mushrikin) "The Prophet want ed t o invoke Allah for forgiveness for his mot her, but Allah did not allow him. The Prophet said,

ギ͡ ホ∠ ユ∂ヤシヱ ヮΒヤハ ぶや ヴヤタ ぶ ͡ やモ ∠ Β͡ヤカ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡» «ヮΒ͡よほ∠ャ͡ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや

(Ibrahim, Allah's Khalil, invoked Allah for his fat her.) Allah revealed,

り∃ ギ∠ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョｚ リ∠ハ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヘ∇ピわ͡ ∇シや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ロゅｚΑま͡ べ∠ワギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ (And Ibrahim's invoking (of Allah) for his fat her's forgiveness was only because of a promise he ぴIbrahimび had made t o him (his fat her)). '' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t his Ayah, "They used t o invoke Allah for t hem (pagans) unt il t his Ayah was revealed. They t hen refrained from invoking Allah t o forgive t he dead among t hem, but were not st opped from invoking Allah for t he living among t hem unt il t hey die. Allah sent t his Ayah,

び͡ヮΒ͡よΙ ６ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヘ∇ピわ͡ ∇シや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And Ibrahim's invoking (of Allah) for his fat her's forgiveness was only...) ぴ9:114び.'' Allah said next ,

び⊥ヮ∇レョ͡ ぺ∠ゲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (But when it became clear t o him ぴIbrahimび t hat he (his fat her) is an enemy of Allah, he dissociat ed himself from him) ぴ9:114び. Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "Ibrahim kept asking Allah t o forgive his fat her unt il he died, when he realized t hat he died as an enemy t o Allah, he disassociat ed himself from him.'' In anot her narrat ion, he said, "When his fat her died he realized t hat he died as an enemy of Allah.'' Similar was said by Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah and several ot hers. ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr and Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "Ibrahim will disown his fat her on t he Day of Resurrect ion, but he will meet his fat her and see dust and fat igue on his face. He will say, ` O Ibrahim! I disobeyed you, but t oday, I will not disobey you.' Ibrahim will say, ` O Lord! You promised me t hat You will not disgrace me on t he Day t hey are resurrect ed. What more disgrace t han wit nessing my fat her being disgraced' He will be t old, ` Look behind you,' where he will see a bloody hyena -- for his fat her will have been t ransformed int o t hat -and it will be dragged from it s feet and t hrown in t he Fire.''' Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤェ ∠ ∀ロやｚヱ∠Ε ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Ibrahim was Awwah and was forbearing.) means, he invoked Allah always, according t o ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud. Several narrat ions report t his from Ibn Mas` ud. It was also said t hat , ` Awwah', means, ` who invokes Allah wit h humilit y', ` merciful', ` who believes wit h cert aint y', ` who praises (Allah)', and so fort h.

ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ギワ∠ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ モ ｚツ ͡ Β⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ リ ∠ Βあ ら∠ Α⊥

ろ ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや び ゲ∃ Β͡ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ｙ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (115. And Allah will never lead a people ast ray aft er He has guided t hem unt il He makes clear t o t hem what t hey should avoid. Verily, Allah is t he All-Knower of everyt hing.) (116. Indeed t o Allah belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h, He gives life and He causes deat h. And besides Allah you have neit her any prot ect or nor any helper.)

Recompense comes after Proof is established Allah describes His Honorable Self and j ust j udgment in t hat He does not lead a people ast ray but aft er t he Message comes t o t hem, so t hat t he proof is est ablished against t hem. For inst ance, Allah said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ヰ∠ プ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And as for Thamud, We showed and made clear t o t hem t he pat h of t rut h ...) ぴ41:17び. Muj ahid comment ed on Allah's saying;

び∇ユワ⊥ や∠ギワ∠ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ モ ｚツ ͡ Β⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah will never lead a people ast ray aft er He has guided t hem) "Allah t he Might y and Sublime is clarifying t o t he believers about not seeking forgiveness for t he idolat ors in part icular, and in general, it is an exhort at ion t o beware of disobeying Him, and encouragement t o obey Him. So eit her do or suffer.'' Ibn Jarir comment ed, "Allah says t hat He would not direct you t o misguidance, so t hat you invoke Him for forgiveness for your dead idolat ors, aft er He gave you guidance and direct ed you t o believe in Him and in His Messenger ! First , He will inform you of what you should avoid, so t hat you avoid it . Before He informs you t hat t his act ion is not allowed, you would not have disobeyed Him and fallen int o what He prohibit ed for you ぴif you indulge in t his act ionび. Therefore, in t his case, He will not allow you t o be misguided. Verily, guidance or misguidance occurs aft er commands and prohibit ions are est ablished. As for t hose who were neit her commanded nor prohibit ed, t hey can neit her be obedient nor disobedient in doing what t hey were neit her ordered nor prohibit ed from doing.'' Allah said,

ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ｙ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ろ ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ び ゲ∃ Β͡ダル∠ (Indeed t o Allah belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h, He gives life and He causes deat h. And besides Allah you have neit her any prot ect or nor any helper.) Ibn Jarir

comment ed, "This is an encouragement from Allah for His believing servant s t o fight t he idolat ors and chiefs of disbelief. It is also a command for t hem t o t rust in Allah's aid, for He is t he Owner of t he heavens and eart h, and not t o fear His enemies. Verily, t hey have no prot ect or besides Allah, nor a support er ot her t han Him.''

ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダルｘΙや∠ヱ リ ∠ Α͡ゲイ ͡ ⇒∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ あ ら͡ レｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぶや ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ キ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇ジバ⊥ ∇ャや る͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ペ ∃ Α͡ゲプ∠ ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヒ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ケ (117. Allah has forgiven t he Prophet , t he Muhaj irin and t he Ansar who followed him in t he t ime of dist ress (Tabuk expedit ion), aft er t he heart s of a part y of t hem had nearly deviat ed (from t he right pat h), but He accept ed t heir repent ance. Cert ainly, He is unt o t hem full of kindness, Most Merciful.)

Battle of Tabuk Muj ahid and several ot hers said, "This Ayah was revealed concerning t he bat t le of Tabuk. They left for t hat bat t le during a period of dist ress. It was a year wit h lit t le rain, int ense heat and scarcit y of supplies and wat er.'' Qat adah said, "They went t o Ash-Sham during t he year of t he bat t le of Tabuk at a t ime when t he heat was int ense. Allah knew how hard t hings were, and t hey suffered great hardship. We were t old t hat t wo men used t o divide a dat e bet ween t hemselves. Some of t hem would t ake t urns in sucking on a dat e and drinking wat er, t hen give it t o anot her man t o suck on. Allah forgave t hem and allowed t hem t o come back from t hat bat t le.'' Ibn Jarir report ed t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas said t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab was reminded of t he bat t le of dist ress (Tabuk) and ` Umar said, "We went wit h t he Messenger of Allah in t he int ense heat for Tabuk. We camped at a place in which we were st ricken so hard by t hirst t hat we t hought t hat our necks would be severed. One of us used t o go out in search of wat er and did not ret urn unt il he feared t hat his neck would be severed. One would slaught er his camel, squeeze it s int est ines and drink it s cont ent , placing what ever was left on his kidney. Abu Bakr As-Siddiq said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, has always accept ed your invocat ion, so invoke Allah for us.' The Prophet said,

«∨∠マャ͡ク∠ ぁょエ ͡ ゎ⊥ » (Would you like me t o do t hat ) Abu Bakr said, ` Yes.' The Prophet raised his hands and did not put t hem down unt il rain fell from t he sky in abundance. It rained and t hen st opped raining for a while, t hen rained again, so t hey filled t heir cont ainers. We went out t o see where t he rain reached and found t hat it did not rain beyond our camp.''' Ibn Jarir said about Allah's st at ement ,

ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダルｘΙや∠ヱ リ ∠ Α͡ゲイ ͡ ⇒∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ あ ら͡ レｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぶや ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ び͡りゲ∠ ∇ジバ⊥ ∇ャや る͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや (Allah has forgiven t he Prophet , t he Muhaj irin and t he Ansar who followed him in t he t ime of dist ress,) meaning "Wit h regards t o expendit ures, t ransport at ion, supplies and wat er,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ペ ∃ Α͡ゲプ∠ ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヒ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョぴ (aft er t he heart s of a part y of t hem had nearly deviat ed,) away from t he t rut h, t hus falling prey t o doubt ing t he Messenger's religion because of t he dist ress and hardships t hey suffered during t heir t ravel and bat t le,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (but He accept ed t heir repent ance.) He direct ed t hem t o repent t o t heir Lord and renew t heir firmness on His religion,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ケ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Cert ainly, He is unt o t hem full of kindness, Most Merciful.)''

∇ろホ∠ ゅ∠ッ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤあカ ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや る͡ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤんｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろホ∠ ゅ∠ッヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ェ ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ チ ⊥ ∇ケΕ ∠ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ほ∠イ ∠ ∇ヤョ∠ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲぁレニ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ - ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゆ ⊥ やｚヲわｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥よヲ⊥わΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ ノ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Α びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや (118. And (Allah has forgiven) t he t hree who st ayed behind, unt il for t hem t he eart h, vast as it is, was st rait ened and t heir souls were st rait ened t o t hem, and t hey perceived t hat t here is no fleeing from Allah, and no refuge but wit h Him. Then, He forgave t hem, t hat t hey might beg for His pardon. Verily, Allah is t he One Who forgives and accept s repent ance, Most Merciful.) (119. O you who believe! Have Taqwa of Allah, and be wit h t hose who are t rue (in words and deeds).)

The Three, Whose Decision was deferred by the Messenger of Allah Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Ka` b bin Malik, who used t o guide Ka` b aft er he became blind, said t hat he heard Ka` b bin Malik narrat e his st ory when he did not j oin t he bat t le of Tabuk wit h t he Messenger of Allah . Ka` b bin Malik said, "I did not remain behind Allah's Messenger in any bat t le t hat he fought except t he bat t le of Tabuk. I failed t o t ake part in t he bat t le of Badr, but Allah did not admonish anyone who did not part icipat e in it , for in fact , Allah's Messenger had gone out in search of t he caravan of Quraysh, unt il Allah made t he Muslims and t heir enemies meet wit hout any appoint ment . I wit nessed t he night of Al-` Aqabah pledge wit h Allah's Messenger when we pledged for Islam, and I would not exchange it for t he Badr Bat t le, even t hough t he Badr Bat t le is more popular among t he people t han t he ` Aqabah pledge. As for my news of t his bat t le of Tabuk, I was never st ronger or wealt hier t han I was when I remained behind Allah's Messenger in t hat bat t le. By Allah, never had I t wo she-camels before, but I did at t he t ime of t hat bat t le. Whenever Allah's Messenger want ed t o go t o a bat t le, he used t o hide his int ent ion by referring t o different bat t les, unt il it was t he t ime of t hat bat t le (of Tabuk) which Allah's Messenger fought in int ense heat , facing a long j ourney, t he desert , and t he great number of enemy soldiers. So t he Prophet clearly announced t he dest inat ion t o t he Muslims, so t hat t hey could prepare for t heir bat t le, and he t old t hem about his int ent . Allah's Messenger was accompanied by such a large number of Muslims t hat t hey could not be list ed in a book by name, nor regist ered.'' Ka` b added, "Any man who int ended not t o at t end t he bat t le would t hink t hat t he mat t er would remain hidden, unless Allah revealed it t hrough divine revelat ion. Allah's Messenger fought t hat bat t le at a t ime when t he fruit s had ripened and t he shade was pleasant , and I found myself inclined t owards t hat . Allah's Messenger and his Companions prepared for t he bat t le and I st art ed t o go out in order t o get myself ready along wit h t hem, but I ret urned wit hout doing anyt hing. I would say t o myself, ` I can do t hat if I want .' So I kept on delaying it every now and t hen unt il t he people were prepared, and Allah's Messenger , and t he Muslims along wit h him, depart ed. But I had not prepared anyt hing for my depart ure. I said, ` I will prepare myself (for depart ure) one or t wo days aft er him, and t hen j oin t hem.' In t he morning following t heir depart ure, I went out t o get myself ready but ret urned having done not hing. Then again, t he next morning, I went out t o get ready but ret urned wit hout doing anyt hing. Such was t he case wit h me unt il t hey hurried away and I missed t he bat t le. Even t hen I int ended t o depart t o cat ch up t o t hem. I wish I had done so! But such was not t he case. So, aft er t he depart ure of Allah's Messenger , whenever I went out and walked among t he people (who remained behind), it grieved me t hat I could see none around me, but one accused of hypocrisy or one of t hose weak men whom Allah had excused. Allah's Messenger did not remember me unt il he reached Tabuk. So while he was sit t ing among t he people in Tabuk, he said,

«∨∃マャ͡ゅ∠ョ リ ⊥ ∇よ ょ ⊥ ∇バミ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (What did Ka` b bin Malik do) A man from Banu Salimah said, ` O Allah's Messenger! He has been st opped by his t wo Burdah (garment s) and looking at his own flanks wit h pride.' Mu` adh bin Jabal said, ` What a bad t hing you have said! By Allah! O Allah's Messenger! We know not hing about him but t hat which is good.' Allah's Messenger kept silent .''' Ka` b bin Malik added, "When I heard t hat Allah's Messenger was on his way back t o Al-Madinah, I was overcome by concern and began t o t hink of false excuses. I said t o myself, ` How can I escape from his anger t omorrow' I st art ed looking for advice from wise members of my family in t his mat t er. When it was said t hat Allah's Messenger had approached (Al-Madinah) all evil and false excuses abandoned my mind and I knew well t hat I could never come out of t his problem by forging a false st at ement . Then I decided firmly t o speak t he t rut h. Allah's Messenger arrived in t he morning, and whenever he ret urned from a j ourney, he used t o visit t he Masj id first , and offer a t wo Rak` ah prayer, t hen sit for t he people. So when he had done all t hat (t his t ime), t hose

who failed t o j oin t he bat t le came and st art ed offering (false) excuses and t aking oat hs before him. They were over eight y men. Allah's Messenger accept ed t he excuses t hey expressed out wardly, asked for Allah's forgiveness for t hem and left t he secret s of t heir heart s for Allah t o j udge. Then I came t o him, and when I greet ed him, he smiled a smile of an angry person and t hen said,

«メゅ∠バゎ∠ » (Come) So I came walking unt il I sat before him. He said t o me,

«や⇔ゲ∇ヰニ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Αゲ∠ わ∠ ∇セや ∇ギホ∠ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ マ ∠ ヘ∠ ヤｚカ ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (What st opped you from j oining us Had you not purchased an animal for carrying you) I answered, ` Yes, O Allah's Messenger! By Allah, if I were sit t ing before any person from among t he people of t he world ot her t han you, I would have escaped from his anger wit h an excuse. By Allah, I have been best owed wit h t he power of speaking fluent ly and eloquent ly, but by Allah, I knew well t hat if I t ell you a lie t oday t o seek your favor, Allah would surely make you angry wit h me in t he near fut ure. But if I t ell you t he t rut h, t hough you will get angry because of it , I hope for Allah's forgiveness. By Allah, I had never been st ronger or wealt hier t han I was when I remained behind you. ' Allah's Messenger said,

«マΒ͡プ ぶ ⊥ や ヶ͡ツ∇ボ∠Α ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユボ⊥ プ∠ ベ ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ や∠グワ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠» (As regards t o t his man, he has surely t old t he t rut h. So get up unt il Allah decides your case.) I got up, and many men of Banu Salimah followed me and said t o me, ` By Allah, we never wit nessed you commit any sin before t his! Surely, you failed t o offer an excuse t o Allah's Messenger like t he ot hers who did not j oin him. The invocat ion of Allah's Messenger t o Allah t o forgive you would have been suff icient for your sin.' By Allah, t hey cont inued blaming me so much t hat I int ended t o ret urn (t o t he Prophet ) and accuse myself of having t old a lie, but I said t o t hem, ` Is t here anybody else who has met t he same end as I have' They replied, ` Yes, t here are t wo men who have said t he same t hing as you have, and t o bot h of t hem was given t he same order as given t o you.' I said, ` Who are t hey' They replied, ` Murarah bin Ar-Rabi` Al` Amiri and Hilal bin Umayyah Al-Waqifi.' They ment ioned t o me t wo pious men who had at t ended t he bat t le of Badr and in whom t here was an example for me. So I did not change my mind when t hey ment ioned t hem t o me. Allah's Messenger forbade all t he Muslims from t alking t o us, t he t hree aforesaid persons, out of all t hose who remained behind for t hat bat t le. So we kept away from t he people and t hey changed t heir at t it ude t owards us unt il t he very land (where I lived) appeared st range t o me as if I did not know it . We remained in t hat condit ion for fift y night s. As for my t wo companions, t hey remained in t heir houses and kept on weeping, but I was t he youngest and t he firmest of t hem. So I would go out and at t end t he prayer along wit h t he Muslims and roam t he market s, but none would t alk t o me. I would come t o Allah's Messenger and greet him while he was sit t ing in his gat hering aft er t he prayer, and I would wonder whet her he even moved his lips in ret urn of my greet ing or not . Then I would offer my prayer near him and look at him carefully. When I was busy wit h my prayer, he would t urn his face t owards me, but when I t urned my face t o him, he would t urn his face away from me. When t his harsh at t it ude and boycot t of t he people cont inued for a long t ime, I walked unt il I scaled t he wall of t he garden of Abu Qat adah who was my cousin and t he dearest person t o me. I offered my greet ing t o him. By Allah, he did not ret urn my greet ings. I said, ` O Abu Qat adah! I beseech you by Allah! Do you know t hat I

love Allah and His Messenger' He kept quiet . I asked him again, beseeching him by Allah, but he remained silent . I asked him again in t he Name of Allah and he said, ` Allah and His Messenger know bet t er.' Thereupon my eyes flowed wit h t ears and I ret urned and j umped over t he wall. t While I was walking in t he market of Al-Madinah, suddenly I saw t hat a Nabat ean from AshSham came t o sell his grains in Al-Madinah, saying, ` Who will lead me t o Ka` b bin Malik' The people began t o point (me) out for him, unt il he came t o me and handed me a let t er from t he king of Ghassan (who ruled Syria for Caesar), for I knew how t o read and writ e. In t hat let t er, t he following was writ t en: ` To proceed, I have been informed t hat your friend (t he Prophet ) has t reat ed you harshly. Anyhow, Allah does not make you live in a place where you feel inferior and your right is lost . So, j oin us, and we will console you.' When I read it , I said t o myself, ` This is also a sort of t est .' I t ook t he let t er t o t he oven and made a fire burning it . When fort y out of t he fift y night s elapsed, behold! There came t o me a messenger of Allah's Messenger saying ` Allah's Messenger orders you t o keep away from your wife.' I said, ` Should I divorce her; or else what should I do' He said, ` No, only keep aloof from her and do not mingle wit h her.' The Prophet sent t he same message t o my t wo fellows. I said t o my wife, ` Go t o your parent s and remain wit h t hem unt il Allah gives His verdict in t his mat t er.''' Ka` b added, "The wife of Hilal bin Umayyah came t o Allah's Messenger and said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Hilal bin Umayyah is a helpless old man who has no servant t o at t end on him. Do you dislike t hat I should serve him' He said,

«(マ ∠ よ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ) ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ャ» (` No (you can serve him), but he should not come near you ぴsexuallyび).' She said, ` By Allah! He has no desire for anyt hing. By Allah, he has never ceased weeping since his case began unt il t his day of his.' On t hat , some of my family members said t o me, ` Will you also ask Allah's Messenger t o permit your wife (t o serve you) as he has permit t ed t he wife of Hilal bin Umayyah t o serve him' I said, ` By Allah, I will not ask permission of Allah's Messenger regarding her, for I do not know what Allah's Messenger would say if I asked him t o permit her (t o serve me) while I am a young man.' We remained in t hat st at e for t en more night s, unt il t he period of fift y night s was complet ed, st art ing from t he t ime when Allah's Messenger prohibit ed t he people from t alking t o us. When I had finished t he Faj r prayer on t he fift iet h morning on t he roof of one of our houses, while sit t ing in t he condit ion in which Allah described (in t he Qur'an): my very soul seemed st rait ened t o me and even t he eart h seemed narrow t o me for all it s spaciousness. There I heard t he voice of a man who had ascended t he mount ain of Sal` calling wit h his loudest voice, ` O Ka` b bin Malik! Be happy (by receiving good t idings).' I fell down in prost rat ion before Allah, realizing t hat relief has come wit h His forgiveness for us. Allah's Messenger announced t he accept ance of our repent ance by Allah aft er Faj r prayer. The people went out t o congrat ulat e us. Some bearers of good news went t o my t wo companions, a horseman came t o me in hast e, while a man from Banu Aslam came running and ascended t he mount ain and his voice was swift er t han t he horse. When t he man whose voice I had heard, came t o me conveying t he good news, I t ook off my garment s and dressed him wit h t hem; and by Allah, I owned no ot her t han t hem on t hat day. Then I borrowed t wo garment s, wore t hem and went t o Allah's Messenger . The people st art ed receiving me in bat ches, congrat ulat ing me on Allah's accept ance of my repent ance, saying, ` We congrat ulat e you on Allah's accept ance of your repent ance.''' Ka` b furt her said, "When I ent ered t he Masj id, I saw Allah's Messenger sit t ing in t he Masj id wit h t he people around him. Talhah bin ` Ubaydullah swift ly came t o me, shook my hands and congrat ulat ed me. By Allah, none of t he Muhaj irun got up for me except Talhah; I will never forget Talhah for t his.'' Ka` b added, "When I greet ed Allah's Messenger , his face was bright wit h j oy. He said,

«マぁョぺ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ゎギ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ グ⊥ ∇レョ⊥ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゲｚ ョ∠ ュ∃ ヲ∠Α ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ よ∠ ∇ゲゼ ͡ ∇よぺ∠»

(` Be happy wit h t he best day you have ever seen since your mot her gave birt h t o you.) I said t o t he Prophet , ` Is t his forgiveness from you or from Allah' He said,

«ぶや ギ͡ ∇レハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ∇モよ∠ ゅ∠ャ» (No, it is from Allah). Whenever Allah's Messenger became happy, his face would shine as if it was a piece of t he moon, and we all knew t hat charact erist ic of him. When I sat before him, I said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Because of t he accept ance of my repent ance I will give up all my wealt h as alms for t he sake of Allah and His Messenger.' Allah's Messenger said,

«マ∠ャ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ∇ヰプ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ョ ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇マジ ͡ ∇ョぺ∠» (Keep some of your wealt h, as it will be bet t er for you). I said, ` So I will keep my share from Khaybar wit h me.' I added, ` O Allah's Messenger! Allah has saved me for t elling t he t rut h; so it is part of my repent ance not t o t ell but t he t rut h as long as I am alive.' By Allah, I do not know of any Muslim, whom Allah has helped t o t ell t he t rut h more t han I. Ever since I have ment ioned t he t rut h t o Allah's Messenger , I have never int ended t o t ell a lie, unt il t oday. I hope t hat Allah will also save me (from t elling lies) t he rest of my life. So Allah revealed t he Ayah,

ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダルｘΙや∠ヱ リ ∠ Α͡ゲイ ͡ ⇒∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ あ ら͡ レｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぶや ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ キ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇ジバ⊥ ∇ャや る͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ペ ∃ Α͡ゲプ∠ ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヒ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤあカ ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや る͡ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤんｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ケ ∇ろホ∠ ゅ∠ッヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ェ ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ チ ⊥ ∇ケΕ ∠ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろホ∠ ゅ∠ッ や∠クま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ほ∠イ ∠ ∇ヤョ∠ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲぁレニ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゆ ⊥ やｚヲわｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥よヲ⊥わΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ ｚユを⊥ ノ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Αグ͡ ャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Α びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや (Allah has forgiven t he Prophet , t he Muhaj irin and t he Ansar who followed him in t he t ime of dist ress, aft er t he heart s of a part y of t hem had nearly deviat ed, but He accept ed t heir repent ance. Cert ainly, He is unt o t hem full of kindness, Most Merciful. And t he t hree who st ayed behind, unt il for t hem t he eart h, vast as it is, was st rait ened and t heir souls were

st rait ened t o t hem, and t hey perceived t hat t here is no fleeing from Allah, and no refuge but wit h Him. Then, He forgave t hem, t hat t hey might beg for His pardon. Verily, Allah is t he One Who forgives and accept s repent ance, Most Merciful. O you who believe! Have Taqwa of Allah, and be wit h t hose who are t rue (in words and deeds).) Ka` b said; "By Allah! Allah has never best owed upon me, apart from His guiding me t o Islam, a great er blessing t han t he fact t hat I did not t ell a lie t o Allah's Messenger which would have caused me t o perish, j ust as t hose who had t old a lie have perished. Allah described t hose who t old lies wit h t he worst descript ions He ever at t ribut ed t o anyone. Allah said,

∇やヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バわ⊥ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らヤ∠ボ∠ ∇ルや や∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΒ∠ シ ∠ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ザ∇ィ͡ケ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΑ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇や∇ヲッ ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇や∇ヲッ ∠ ∇ゲわ∠ ャ͡ びリ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲ∠Α (They will swear by Allah t o you when you ret urn t o t hem, t hat you may t urn away from t hem. So t urn away from t hem. Surely, t hey are Rij s (impure), and Hell is t heir dwelling place -- a recompense for t hat which t hey used t o earn. They swear t o you t hat you may be pleased wit h t hem, but if you are pleased wit h t hem, cert ainly Allah is not pleased wit h t he people who are rebellious.) Ka` b added, "We, t he t hree persons, differed alt oget her from t hose whose excuses Allah's Messenger accept ed when t hey swore t o him. He t ook t heir pledge and asked Allah t o forgive t hem, but Allah's Messenger left our case pending unt il Allah gave us His j udgement about it . As for t hat Allah said,

び∇やヲ⊥ヘあヤカ ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや る͡ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤんｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (And (He did forgive also) t he t hree who st ayed behind...) What Allah said does not discuss our failure t o t ake part in t he bat t le, but t o t he deferment of making a decision by t he Prophet about our case, in cont rast t o t he case of t hose who had t aken an oat h before him, and he excused t hem by accept ing t heir excuses.'' This is an aut hent ic Hadit h collect ed in t he Two Sahihs (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) and as such, it s aut hent icit y is agreed upon. This Hadit h cont ains t he explanat ion of t his honorable Ayah in t he best , most comprehensive way. Similar explanat ion was given by several among t he Salaf. For inst ance, Al-A` mash narrat ed from Abu Sufyan, from Jabir bin ` Abdullah about Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヲ⊥ヘあヤカ ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや る͡ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤんｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (And (He did forgive also) t he t hree who st ayed behind...) "They are Ka` b bin Malik, Hilal bin Umayyah and Murarah bin Ar-Rabi` , all of t hem from t he Ansar.''

The Order to speak the Truth Allah sent His relief from t he dist ress and grief t hat st ruck t hese t hree men, because Muslims ignored t hem for fift y days and night s, unt il t hey t hemselves, and t he eart h -- vast as it is -were st rait ened for t hem. As vast as t he eart h is, it s ways and pat hs were closed for t hem, and t hey did not know what act ion t o t ake. They were pat ient for Allah's sake and await ed humbly for His decree. They remained firm, unt il Allah sent His relief t o t hem since t hey t old t he Messenger of Allah t he t rut h about why t hey remained behind, declaring t hat t hey did not have an excuse for doing so. They were requit ed for t his period, t hen Allah forgave t hem. Therefore, t he consequence of being t rut hful was bet t er for t hem, for t hey gained forgiveness. Hence Allah's st at ement next ,

ノ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅヰ∠ Αぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや (O you who believe! Have Taqwa of Allah, and be wit h t hose who are t rue.) The Ayah says, adhere t o and always say t he t rut h so t hat you become among it s people and be saved from dest ruct ion. Allah will make a way for you out of your concerns and a refuge. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩あゲら͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヵ͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ギダ ｚ ャや ラ͡みプ∠ ベ ͡ ∇ギダ あ ャゅ͡よ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠» モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや メ ⊥ や∠ゴΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヵ͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ゲｚ ら͡ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ょ ∠ わ∠ ∇ムΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ギダ あ ャや ンｚゲエ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ベ ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇ダΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヵ͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ボΑあギタ ͡ メ ⊥ や∠ゴΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヵ͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ケ∠ ヲ⊥イヘ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ケ͡ ヲ⊥イヘ⊥ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ょ ∠ わ∠ ∇ムΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ンｚゲエ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ⊥ グ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや «ゅ⇔よやｚグミ∠ ぶ ͡ や (Hold on t o t rut h, for being t rut hful leads t o right eousness, and right eousness leads t o Paradise. Verily, a man will keep saying t he t rut h and st riving for t rut h, unt il he is writ t en before Allah as very t rut hful (Siddiq). Beware of lying, for lying leads t o sin, and sin leads t o t he Fire. Verily, t he man will keep lying and st riving for falsehood unt il he is writ t en before Allah as a great liar.) This Hadit h is recorded in t he Two Sahihs.

ゆ ͡ や∠ゲ∇ハΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワΕ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅミ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ほよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らビ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ͡ ヲ⊥シケｚ リ∠ハ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤｚガ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ょ ∀ ダ ∠ ル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ほ∀ヨ∠ ニ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ Β͡ダΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘルｚ リ∠ハ ゅ⇔ゃデ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ほト ∠ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ る∀ ダ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ガョ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ Κ ⇔ ∇Βルｚ ｙヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャゅ∠レΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや ナ ⊥ Β͡ピΑ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡ツΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∀ウ͡ャゅ∠タ モ ∀ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや (120. It was neit her befit t ing for t he people of Al-Madinah and t he bedouins of t he neighborhood t o remain behind Allah's Messenger nor t o prefer t heir own lives t o his life. That is because t hey suffer neit her Zama' nor Nasab, nor Makhmasah in t he cause of Allah, nor did t hey t ake any st ep t o raise t he anger of disbelievers nor inflict any inj ury upon an enemy, but is writ t en t o t heir credit as a deed of right eousness. Surely, Allah wast es not t he reward of t he doers of good.)

Rewards of Jihad Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, crit icizes t he people of Al-Madinah and t he bedouins around it , who did not part icipat e in t he bat t le of Tabuk wit h t he Messenger of Allah . They sought t o preserve t hemselves rat her t han comfort t he Messenger during t he hardship t hat he suffered in t hat bat t le. They incurred a loss in t heir share of t he reward, since,

び∀ほ∠ヨ∠ニ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ Β͡ダΑ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (t hey suffer neit her Zama'), t hirst ,

び∀ょダ ∠ ル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor Nasab), fat igue,

び∀るダ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ガョ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor Makhmasah), hunger,

び∠ケゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや ナ ⊥ Β͡ピΑ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ͡デ∇ヲ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ほト ∠ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor t hey t ake any st ep t o raise t he anger of disbelievers), by st rat egies of war t hat would t errify t heir enemy,

び∠ラヲ⊥ャゅ∠レΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor inflict ), a defeat on t he enemy,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (but is writ t en t o t heir credit ) as compensat ion for t hese st eps t hat are not under t heir cont rol, but a consequence of performing good deeds t hat earn t hem t remendous rewards,

び∠リΒ͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡ツΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, Allah wast es not t he reward of t he doers of good.) Allah said in a similar Ayah,

び⇔Κヨ∠ ハ ∠ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡ツル⊥ Ι ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Cert ainly We shall not make t he reward of anyone who does his (right eous) deeds in t he most perfect manner t o be lost )

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ Β͡らミ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ Β͡ピタ ∠ る⇔ ボ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Α∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔Αキ͡ や∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バト ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅミ∠ ゅ∠ョ (121. Neit her do t hey spend any cont ribut ion -- small or great -- nor cross a valley, but is writ t en t o t heir credit t hat Allah may recompense t hem wit h t he best of what t hey used t o do.) Allah said next ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Neit hr do t hey spend), in reference t o t he fight ers in Allah's cause,

び⇔りゲ∠ Β͡らミ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ Β͡ピタ ∠ る⇔ ボ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ ぴ (any cont ribut ion -- small or great --), wit h regards t o it s amount ,

びゅ⇔Αキ͡ や∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バト ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor cross a valley), while marching t owards t he enemy,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (but is writ t en t o t heir credit ), for t hese act ions t hat t hey t ake ぴand which are under t heir cont rolび,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Α∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ (t hat Allah may recompense t hem wit h t he best of what t hey used t o do.) Cert ainly, t he Leader of t he fait hful, ` Ut hman bin ` Affan, may Allah be pleased wit h him, acquired a t remendous share of t he virt ues ment ioned in t his honorable Ayah. He spent large amount s and t remendous wealt h on t his bat t le (Tabuk). Abdullah, t he son of Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdur-Rahman bin Khabbab As-Sulami said; "The Messenger of Allah gave a speech in which he encouraged spending on t he army of dist ress (for Tabuk). I` Ut hman bin ` Affan, may Allah be pleased wit h him said; ` I will give one hundred camels wit h t heir saddles and supplies.' Then he exhort ed t hem some more. So ` Ut hman said; ` I will give one hundred more camels wit h t heir saddles and supplies.' Then he descended one st ep of t he Minbar and exhort ed t hem some more. So ` Ut hman bin ` Affan said; ` I will give one hundred more camels wit h t heir saddles and supplies.' Then I saw Allah's Messenger wit h his hand moving like t his - and ` Abdus-Samad's ぴone of t he narrat orsび hand went out like one in amazement - he said,

«や∠グワ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇んハ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (It does not mat t er what ` Ut hman does aft er. ) It is also recorded in t he Musnad t hat ` AbdurRahman bin Samurah said, "` Ut hman brought a t housand Dinars in his garment so t hat t he Prophet could prepare supplies for t he army of dist ress. ` Ut hman poured t he money on t he Prophet 's lap, and t he Prophet st art ed t urning it around wit h his hand and declaring repeat edly,

«ュ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅョ∠ ラ ∃ ゅｚヘハ ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ゲｚ ッ ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (The son of ` Affan (i.e., ` Ut hman) will never be harmed by anyt hing he does aft er t oday.)'' Qat adah comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔Αキ͡ や∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バト ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor cross a valley, but is writ t en t o t heir credit ), "The fart her any people march fort h away from t heir families in t he cause of Allah, t he nearer t hey will be t o Allah.''

リ͡ョ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ る⇔ プｚ べ∠ミ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ レ∠Βャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヱ⊥ケグ͡ レ⊥Βャ͡ヱ∠ リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴプ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヰボｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ャあ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ る∃ ホ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ あモミ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥バィ ∠ ケ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ (122. And it is not (proper) for t he believers t o go out (t o fight - Jihad) all t oget her. Of every t roop of t hem, a part y only should go fort h, t hat t hey may get inst ruct ions in religion, and t hat t hey may warn t heir people when t hey ret urn t o t hem, so t hat t hey may beware (of evil).)

Allah the Exalted here explains His order to Muslims to march forth with the Messenger of Allah for the battle of Tabuk. We should first ment ion t hat a group of t he Salaf said t hat marching along wit h t he Messenger , when he went t o bat t le, was at first obliged on all Muslims, because, as t hey say, Allah said,

び⇔Ιゅ∠ボを͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プゅ∠ヘカ ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ルやぴ (March fort h, whet her you are light or heavy) ぴ9:41び, and,

リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワΕ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ び͡ゆや∠ゲ∇ハΙ ｘや (It was not becoming of t he people of Al-Madinah and t he bedouins of t he neighborhood...) ぴ9:120び. However, t hey said, Allah abrogat ed t his ruling (9:41 and 9:120) when He revealed t his Ayah, ぴ9:122び. However, we could say t hat t his Ayah explains Allah's order t o part icipat e in bat t le on all Arab neighborhoods, t hat at least a group of every t ribe should march for Jihad. Those who went wit h t he Messenger would gain inst ruct ions and st udies in t he revelat ion t hat came down t o him, and warn t heir people about t hat bat t le when t hey ret urned t o t hem. This way, t he group t hat went wit h t he Prophet will achieve bot h goals ぴJihad and learning t he revelat ion from t he Prophet び. Aft er t he Prophet , a group of every t ribe or neighborhood should seek religious knowledge or perform Jihad, for in t his case, Jihad is required from at least a part of each Muslim communit y. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas about t he Ayah,

び⇔るプｚ べ∠ミ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ レ∠Βャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And it is not (proper) for t he believers t o go out (t o fight - Jihad) all t oget her. ) "The believers should not all go t o bat t le and leave t he Prophet alone,

び∀るヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ る∃ ホ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (Of every t roop of t hem, a part y only should go fort h) in t he expedit ions t hat t he Prophet sent . When t hese armies ret urned t o t he Prophet , who in t he meant ime received revealed part s of t he Qur'an from Allah, t he group who remained wit h t he Prophet would have learned t hat revelat ion from him. They would say, ` Allah has revealed some part s of t he Qur'an t o your Prophet and we learned it .' So t hey learned from t hem what Allah revealed t o His Prophet in t heir absence, while t he Prophet sent some ot her men int o milit ary expedit ions. Hence Allah's st at ement ,

び͡リΑあギャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヰボｚ ∠ヘ∠わ∠Βャあぴ (t hat t hey may get inst ruct ions in religion,) so t hat t hey learn what Allah has revealed t o t heir Prophet and t each t he armies when t hey ret urn,

び∠ラヱ⊥ケグ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (so t hat t hey may beware.)'' Muj ahid said, "This Ayah was revealed about some of t he Companions of t he Prophet who went t o t he desert and were helped by it s resident s, had a good rainy year and called whomever t hey met t o guidance. The people said t o t hem, ` We see t hat you left your companions and came t o us.' They felt bad in t hemselves because of t his and t hey all came back from t he desert t o t he Prophet . Allah said,

び∀るヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ る∃ ホ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (Of every t roop of t hem, a part y only should go fort h,) t hose who seek right eousness ぴsuch as t o spread t he call of Islam, while ot hers remain behindび,

び͡リΑあギャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヰボｚ ∠ヘ∠わ∠Βャあぴ (t hat t hey may get inst ruct ions in (Islamic) religion,) and learn what Allah has revealed,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ケグ͡ レ⊥Βャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat t hey may warn t heir people), when t hose who went fort h ret urned t o t hem,

び∠ラヱ⊥ケグ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (so t hat t hey may beware (of evil).)'' Qat adah said about t his Ayah, "It is about when t he Messenger of Allah sent an army; Allah commanded t hem t o go int o bat t le, while anot her group remained wit h t he Messenger of Allah t o gain inst ruct ions in t he religion. Anot her group ret urns t o it s own people t o call t hem (t o Allah) and warn t hem against Allah's punishment of t hose who were before t hem.'' It was also said t hat t his verse,

び⇔るプｚ べ∠ミ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ レ∠Βャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And it is not (proper) for t he believers t o go out all t oget her.) is not about j oining Jihad. They say t hat t he Messenger of Allah invoked Allah against Mudar t o t ry t hem wit h years of famine, and t heir lands were st ruck by famine. The various t ribes among t hem st art ed t o come, ent ire t ribes at a t ime, t o Al-Madinah, because of t he hardship t hey faced and t hey would falsely claim t hat t hey are Muslims. This caused hardship for t he Companions of t he Messenger and Allah revealed t o him t hat t hey are not believers. The Messenger of Allah sent t hem back t o t heir t ribes and warned t heir people not t o repeat what t hey did. Hence Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥バィ ∠ ケ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ケグ͡ レ⊥Βャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat t hey may warn t heir people when t hey ret urn t o t hem,)

リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ホ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ∠Αぴ ノ∠ ョ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ る⇔ ヌ ∠ ∇ヤビ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Β∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや (123. O you who believe! Fight t hose of t he disbelievers who are close t o you, and let t hem find harshness in you; and know t hat Allah is wit h t hose who have Taqwa.)

The Order for Jihad against the Disbelievers, the Closest, then the Farthest Areas Allah commands t he believers t o fight t he disbelievers, t he closest in area t o t he Islamic st at e, t hen t he fart hest . This is why t he Messenger of Allah st art ed fight ing t he idolat ors in t he Arabian Peninsula. When he finished wit h t hem and Allah gave him cont rol over Makkah, AlMadinah, At -Ta'if, Yemen, Yamamah, Haj r, Khaybar, Hadramawt and ot her Arab provinces, and t he various Arab t ribes ent ered Islam in large crowds, he t hen st art ed fight ing t he People of t he Script ures. He began preparat ions t o fight t he Romans who were t he closest in area t o t he Arabian Peninsula, and as such, had t he most right t o be called t o Islam, especially since t hey were from t he People of t he Script ures. The Prophet marched unt il he reached Tabuk and went back because of t he ext reme hardship, lit t le rain and lit t le supplies. This bat t le occurred on t he nint h year aft er his Hij rah. In t he t ent h year, t he Messenger of Allah was busy wit h t he Farewell Haj j . The Messenger died eight y-one days aft er he ret urned from t hat Haj j , Allah chose him for what He had prepared for him ぴin Paradiseび. Aft er his deat h, his execut or, friend, and Khalifah, Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased wit h him, became t he leader. At t hat t ime, t he religion came under at t ack and would have been defeat ed, if it had not been for t he fact t hat Allah gave t he religion firmness t hrough Abu Bakr, who est ablished it s basis and made it s foundat ions firm. He brought t hose who st rayed from t he religion back t o it , and made t hose who revert ed from Islam ret urn. He t ook t he Zakah from t he evil people who did not want t o pay it , and explained t he t rut h t o t hose who were unaware of it . On behalf of t he Prophet , Abu Bakr delivered what he was ent rust ed wit h. Then, he st art ed preparing t he Islamic armies t o fight t he Roman cross worshippers, and t he Persian fire worshippers. By t he

blessing of his mission, Allah opened t he lands for him and brought down Caesar and Kisra and t hose who obeyed t hem among t he servant s. Abu Bakr spent t heir t reasures in t he cause of Allah, j ust as t he Messenger of Allah had foret old would happen. This mission cont inued aft er Abu Bakr at t he hands of he whom Abu Bakr chose t o be his successor, Al-Faruq, t he Mart yr of t he Mihrab, Abu Hafs, ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab, may Allah be pleased wit h him. Wit h ` Umar, Allah humiliat ed t he disbelievers, suppressed t he t yrant s and hypocrit es, and opened t he east ern and west ern part s of t he world. The t reasures of various count ries were brought t o ` Umar from near and far provinces, and he divided t hem according t o t he legit imat e and accept ed met hod. ` Umar t hen died as a mart yr aft er he lived a praise wort hy life. Then, t he Companions among t he Muhaj irin and Ansar agreed t o chose aft er ` Umar, ` Ut hman bin ` Affan, Leader of t he fait hful and Mart yr of t he House, may Allah be pleased wit h him. During ` Ut hman's reign, Islam wore it s widest garment and Allah's unequivocal proof was est ablished in various part s of t he world over t he necks of t he servant s. Islam appeared in t he east ern and west ern part s of t he world and Allah's Word was elevat ed and His religion apparent . The pure religion reached it s deepest aims against Allah's enemies, and whenever Muslims overcame an Ummah, t hey moved t o t he next one, and t hen t he next one, crushing t he t yranical evil doers. They did t his in reverence t o Allah's st at ement ,

リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ホ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ∠Αぴ び͡ケゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや (O you who believe! Fight t hose of t he disbelievers who are close t o you,) Allah said next ,

び⇔るヌ ∠ ∇ヤビ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Β∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and let t hem find harshness in you), meaning, let t he disbelievers find harshness in you against t hem in bat t le. The complet e believer is he who is kind t o his believing brot her, and harsh wit h his disbelieving enemy. Allah said in ot her Ayah,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∃ ャｚク͡ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∠リΑ͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ り∃ ゴｚ ハ ͡ ぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Allah will bring a people whom He will love and t hey will love Him; humble t owards t he believers, st ern t owards t he disbelievers...)ぴ5:54び,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ￢⊥ へｚギセ ͡ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケｚ ∀ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョぁ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨ∠ェケ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや (Muhammad is t he Messenger of Allah. And t hose who are wit h him are severe against t he disbelievers, and merciful among t hemselves.)ぴ48:29び, and,

∇ナヤ⊥∇ビや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ∠ ⇒ｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや ギ͡ ヰ͡ ⇒∠ィ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ∠Αぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (O Prophet ! St rive hard against t he disbelievers and t he hypocrit es, and be harsh against t hem.)ぴ9:73び Allah said,

び∠リΒ͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱぴ (And know t hat Allah is wit h t hose who have Taqwa), meaning, fight t he disbelievers and t rust in Allah knowing t hat Allah is wit h you if you fear and obey Him. This was t he case in t he first t hree blessed generat ions of Islam, t he best members of t his Ummah. Since t hey were firm on t he religion and reached an unsurpassed level of obedience t o Allah, t hey consist ent ly prevailed over t heir enemies. During t hat era, vict ories were abundant , and enemies were ever more in a st at e of ut t er loss and degradat ion. However, aft er t he t urmoil began, desires and divisions became prevalent bet ween various Muslim kings, t he enemies were eager t o at t ack t he out post s of Islam and marched int o it s t errit ory wit hout much opposit ion. Then, t he Muslim kings were t oo busy wit h t heir enmit y for each ot her. The disbelievers t hen marched t o t he capit al cit ies of t he Islamic st at es, aft er gaining cont rol over many of it s areas, in addit ion t o ent ire Islamic lands. Verily, ownership of all affairs is wit h Allah in t he beginning and in t he end. Whenever a j ust Muslim king st ood up and obeyed Allah's orders, all t he while t rust ing in Allah, Allah helped him regain cont rol over some Muslim lands and t ook back from t he enemy what was compat ible t o his obedience and support t o Allah. We ask Allah t o help t he Muslims gain cont rol over t he forelocks of His disbeliever enemies and t o raise high t he word of Muslims over all lands. Verily, Allah is Most Generous, Most Giving.

∇ユム⊥ Αぁ ぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ∀り∠ケヲ⊥シ ∇ろャ∠ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ や∠ゴプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ヮ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ や∠コ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ィケ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ィケ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ や∠ゴプ∠ ∀チ∠ゲョｚ び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ (124. And whenever t here comes down a Surah, some of t hem (hypocrit es) say: "Which of you has had his fait h increased by it '' As for t hose who believe, it has increased t heir fait h, and t hey rej oice.) (125. But as for t hose in whose heart s is a disease, it will add Rij s (doubt ) t o t heir Rij s (doubt ); and t hey die while t hey are disbelievers.)

Faith of the Believers increases, while Hypocrites increase in Doubts and Suspicion

Allah said,

び∀りケ∠ ヲ⊥シ ∇ろャ∠ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And whenever t here comes down a Surah), t hen among t he hypocrit es are,

び⇔ゅレ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ヮ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ や∠コ ∇ユム⊥ Αぁ ぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リｚョぴ (some who say: "Which of you has had his fait h increased by it '') They say t o each ot her, who among you had his fait h increased by t his Surah ぴfrom t he Qur'anび Allah t he Exalt ed said,

∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ や∠ゴプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (As for t hose who believe, it has increased t heir fait h, and t hey rej oice.) This Ayah is one of t he might iest evidences t hat fait h increases and decreases, as is t he belief of most of t he Salaf and lat er generat ions of scholars and Imams. Many scholars said t hat t here is a consensus on t his ruling. We explained t his subj ect in det ail in t he beginning of t he explanat ion of Sahih AlBukhari, may Allah grant him His mercy. rAllah said next ,

ゅ⇔ジ∇ィケ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ や∠ゴプ∠ ∀チ∠ゲョｚ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ィケ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ (But as for t hose in whose heart s is a disease, it will add Rij s t o t heir Rij s.) t he Surah increases t hem in doubt , and brings more suspicion on t op of t he doubt s and suspicion t hat t hey had before. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び∀￢べ∠ヘセ ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We send down in t he Qur'an t hat which is a healing) ぴ17:82び, and,

Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ∠ヱ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヴ⇔ヨハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇ホ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ や∠クや∠￢ ヴプ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ び∃ギΒ͡バよ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョｚ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヱキ∠ ゅ∠レΑ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ (Say: "It is for t hose who believe, a guide and a healing. And as for t hose who disbelieve, t here is heaviness (deafness) in t heir ears, and it (t he Qur'an) is blindness for t hem. They are t hose

who are called from a place far away (so t hey neit her list en nor underst and)''.)ぴ41:44び This indicat es t he misery of t he hypocrit es and disbelievers, since, what should bring guidance t o t heir heart s is inst ead a cause of misguidance and dest ruct ion for t hem. Similarly, t hose who get upset by a t ype of food, for inst ance, will be upset and anxious even more if t hey are fed t hat food!

∇ヱぺ∠ り⇔ ゲｚ ョｚ ュ∃ ゅ∠ハ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レわ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ べ∠ョ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グｚ Α∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よヲ⊥わΑ∠ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚ ョ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ゲΑ∠ ∇モワ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ ルｚ ∀り∠ケヲ⊥シ ∇ろャ∠ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ヰよ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや フ ∠ ゲ∠ タ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ダ ∠ ルや ｚユを⊥ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョあ び ラヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ Ι ｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ (126. See t hey not t hat t hey are put in t rial once or t wice every year Yet , t hey t urn not in repent ance, nor do t hey learn a lesson (from it ).) (127. And whenever t here comes down a Surah, t hey look at one anot her (saying): "Does any one see you'' Then t hey t urn away. Allah has t urned t heir heart s because t hey are a people t hat underst and not .)

Hypocrites suffer Afflictions Allah says, do not t hese hypocrit es see,

び∠ラヲ⊥レわ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ぴ (t hat t hey are put in t rial), being t est ed,

∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よヲ⊥わΑ∠ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚ ョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ り⇔ ゲｚ ョｚ ュ∃ ゅ∠ハ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ゲミｚ グｚ ∠Α (once or t wice every year Yet , t hey t urn not in repent ance, nor do t hey learn a lesson.) They neit her repent from t heir previous sins nor learn a lesson for t he fut ure. Muj ahid said t hat hypocrit es are t est ed wit h drought and hunger. Allah said;

ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ ルｚ ∀り∠ケヲ⊥シ ∇ろャ∠ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや フ ∠ ゲ∠ タ ∠ ∇やヲプ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ルや ｚユを⊥ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ゲΑ∠ ∇モワ∠ び ラヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ Ι ｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ヰよ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ (And whenever t here comes down a Surah, t hey look at one anot her (saying): "Does any one see you'' Then t hey t urn away. Allah has t urned t heir heart s because t hey are a people t hat underst and not .) This describes t he hypocrit es t hat when a Surah is revealed t o t he Messenger of Allah ,

び∃ヂ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ ルｚ ぴ (t hey look at one anot her), t hey t urn t heir heads, right and left , saying,

び∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ダ ∠ ルや ｚユを⊥ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ゲΑ∠ ∇モワ∠ ぴ ("Does any one see you'' Then t hey t urn away. ..) t urning away from, and shunning t he t rut h. This is t he descript ion of hypocrit es in t his life, for t hey do not remain where t he t rut h is being declared, neit her accept ing nor underst anding it , j ust as Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

∀ゲヨ⊥ ェ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ - ∠リΒ͡ッ͡ゲ∇バョ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グわｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ び り∃ ケ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ジホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇れゲｚ プ∠ - り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ レ∠わ∇ジョぁ (Then what is wrong wit h t hem t hat t hey t urn away from admonit ion As if t hey were wild donkeys. Fleeing from a lion.)ぴ74:49-51び, and,

͡リΒ͡ヨ∠Β∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡バト ͡ ∇ヰョ⊥ マ ∠ ヤ∠ら∠ ホ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ͡ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゴハ ͡ ͡メゅ∠ヨゼ あ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ (So what is t he mat t er wit h t hose who disbelieve t hat t hey hast en t o hear from you. (Sit t ing) in groups on t he right and on t he left .)ぴ70:36-37び. This Ayah also means, what is t he mat t er wit h t hese people who t urn away from you t o t he right and t o t he left , t o escape from t rut h and revert t o falsehood Allah's st at ement ,

びユ⊥ヰよ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや フ ∠ ゲ∠ タ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ダ ∠ ルや ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then t hey t urn away. Allah has t urned t heir heart s (from Trut h)) is similar t o,

び∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや パ ∠ や∠コぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ビや∠コ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (So when t hey t urned away, Allah t urned t heir heart s away.) ぴ61:5び. Allah said next ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ Ι ｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ ぴ (because t hey are a people t hat underst and not . ) They neit her underst and Allah's Word nor at t empt t o comprehend it nor want it . Rat her, t hey are t oo busy, t urning away from it . This is why t hey ended up in t his condit ion.

ゅョ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ケ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ゾΑ͡ゲェ ∠ ∇ユわぁ レ͡ ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヴ ∠ ら͡ ∇ジェ ∠ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ び ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ (128. Verily, t here has come unt o you a Messenger from among yourselves. It grieves him t hat you should receive any inj ury or difficult y. He is eager for you; for t he believers ぴhe isび full of pit y, kind, and merciful.) (129. But if t hey t urn away, say: "Allah is sufficient for me. There is no God but He, in Him I put my t rust and He is t he Lord of t he Might y Throne.'')

«る∠エ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや る͡ Βｚ ヘ͡ Β͡レエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ » (I was sent wit h t he easy Hanifiyah ぴmonot heismび way.) An aut henic Hadit h ment ions,

«ゲ∇ジΑ⊥ リ ∠ Αあギャや や∠グワ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» (Verily, t his religion is easy) and it s Law is all easy, lenient and perfect . It is easy for t hose whom Allah t he Exalt ed makes it easy.)

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ゾΑ͡ゲ∠ェぴ (He is eager for you), t hat you gain guidance and acquire benefit s in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ ヤ͡ト ｚ Β∠ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚャま͡ る⇔ ョ∠ ∇ゲェ ⊥ ∇ュゲあ エ ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» やヲ⊥わプ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゴ͡ イ ∠エ ⊥ よ͡ ∀グ͡カへ ヶあルま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∩∀ノヤ͡ト ｚ ョ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ «ゆゅ∠よグぁ ャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ス ͡ や∠ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ プ⊥ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ ミ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ (Verily, every mat t er t hat Allah has prohibit ed, He knows t hat some among you will breach it ; but I am indeed holding you by t he waist so t hat you do not fall in t he Fire, j ust like but t erflies and flies.) Allah's st at ement next ,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ケ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よぴ (for t he believers (he is) full of pit y, kind, and merciful.) ぴ9:128び, is similar t o His ot her st at ement ,

- リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ∠ ∇ヂヘ͡ ∇カや∠ヱぴ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ヴあルま͡ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ポ ∠ ∇ヲダ ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゴ͡ Αゴ͡ バ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ゎヱ∠ (And be kind and humble t o t he believers who follow you. Then if t hey disobey you, say: "I am innocent of what you do.'' And put your t rust in t he All-Might y, t he Most Merciful) ぴ26:215-217び. Allah t he Exalt ed commanded His Messenger in t his honorable Ayah,

び∇や∇ヲャｚ∠ヲ∠ゎ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (But if t hey t urn away), from t he glorious, pure, perfect and encompassing Law t hat you -- O Muhammad -- brought t hem,

び∠ヲワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ ら͡ ∇ジェ ∠ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (t hen say: "Allah is sufficient for me. There is no God but He,) Allah is sufficient for me, t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Him, and in Him I put my t rust . Similarly, Allah said,

ロ⊥ ∇グガ ͡ ｚゎゅ∠プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ゆ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケｚ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠

((He alone is) t he Lord of t he east and t he west ; t here is no God but He. So t ake Him alone as a guardian.) ぴ73:9び. Allah said next ,

び͡ユΒ͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He is t he Lord of t he Might y Throne) ぴ9:129び. He is t he King and Creat or of all t hings, and He is t he Lord of t he Might y Throne (` Arsh), which is above all creat ion; all t hat is in and bet ween t he heavens and eart hs is under t he Throne (` Arsh) and subservient t o Allah's power. His knowledge encompasses all t hings, and His decision will cert ainly come t o pass over all mat t ers. He is t he guardian of all t hings. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Ubayy bin Ka` b said, "The last Ayah revealed from t he Qur'an was t his Ayah,

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Verily, t here has come unt o you a Messenger from among yourselves ...) ぴ9:128び'' unt il t he end of t he Surah It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat Zayd bin Thabit said, "I found t he last Ayah in Surah Bara'ah wit h Khuzaymah bin Thabit .'' This is t he end of Surah Bara'ah, all praise is due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surah Yunus (Chapter - 10) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Beneficent , t he Most Merciful

サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミぺ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠Αや￢ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ゲャやぴ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ケ͡ グ͡ ル∠ぺ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅ⇔ら∠イ∠ハ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ベ ∃ ∇ギタ ͡ ュ∠ ギ∠ ホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ͡ ゼ あ よ∠ ヱ∠ び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲ͡エ⇒∠ジ∠ャ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ (1. Alif-Lam-Ra. These are t he verses of t he Book (t he Qur'an) Al-Hakim.) (2. Is it a wonder for mankind t hat We have sent Our revelat ion t o a man from among t hemselves (saying): "Warn mankind, and give good news t o t hose who believe t hat t hey shall have wit h t heir Lord t he rewards of t heir good deeds'' (But ) t he disbelievers say: "This is indeed an evident sorcerer!'') The isolat ed let t ers in t he beginning of t his Surah, as well as in ot hers, have been previously discussed at t he beginning of Surat Al-Baqarah. Allah said:

び ユ͡ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ (These are t he verses of t he Book (t he Qur'an) Al-Hakim.) This indicat es t hat t hese are verses of t he Qur'an, in which t he wisdom of j udgment is clear.

The Messenger cannot be but a Human Being Allah rebukes t he at t it ude of t he disbelievers wit h t he words

びゅ⇔らイ ∠ハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミぺ∠ぴ (Is it a wonder for mankind...) They have always found it st range t hat Allah would send Messengers t o t hem from among mankind. Allah also t ells us about ot her people from previous nat ions who said,

びゅ∠レル∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Shall mere men guide us) (64:6) Hud and Salih said t o t heir people:

モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∀ゲ∇ミ͡ク ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らイ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ (Do you wonder t hat t here has come t o you a reminder from your Lord t hrough a man from among you.) (7:63) Allah also t old us what t he disbelievers from Quraysh said:

∀ゆゅ∠イハ ⊥ ￢∀ ∇ヴゼ ∠ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ や⇔ギ͡ェヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ る∠ ヰ∠ ャ͡Ι ｘやモ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び (Has he made t he gods int o one God Verily, t his is a curious t hing!) (38:5) Ad-Dahhak report ed Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said: "When Allah sent Muhammad as a Messenger, most of t he Arabs denied him and his message and said: Allah is great er t han sending a human Messenger like Muhammad. '' Ibn ` Abbas said, "So Allah revealed:

びゅ⇔らイ ∠ハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミぺ∠ぴ (Is it a wonder for mankind...)'' Allah's st at ement ;

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ベ ∃ ∇ギタ ͡ ュ∠ ギ∠ ホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ぴ (t hat t hey shall have wit h t heir Lord t he rewards of t heir good deeds) Scholars have differed over t he meaning of t he reward for t he good deeds in t his Ayah:

び∃ベ∇ギタ ͡ ュ∠ ギ∠ ホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ͡ ゼ あ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and give good news t o t hose who believe t hat t hey shall have wit h t heir Lord t he rewards of t heir good deeds.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about t his Ayah, "Et ernal happiness has been writ t en for t hem.'' Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "It is t he good reward for what t hey have done.'' Muj ahid said: "It is t heir good deeds -- t heir prayers, fast ing, charit y, and glorificat ion.'' He t hen said, "And Muhammad will int ercede for t hem.'' Allah said:

び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲ͡エ⇒∠ジ∠ャ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ((But ) t he disbelievers say: "This is indeed an evident sorcerer!'') This means t hat t he disbelievers said t his alt hough Allah has sent a Messenger from among t hemselves t o t hem, a man of t heir own race as a bearer of good news and as a warner. But t hey are t he liars in saying t hat .

ヴ͡プ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ゅ∠ョ ゲ∠ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ゲ⊥ あよギ∠ Α⊥ ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ヲ∠わ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ わｚ シ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡ク ヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クま͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ノ∃ Β͡ヘセ ∠ リ͡ョ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ (3. "Surely, your Lord is Allah Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h in six Days and t hen rose over (Ist awa) t he Throne, arranging t he affair ぴof all t hingsび. No int ercessor (can plead wit h Him) except aft er He permit s. That is Allah, your Lord; so worship Him (alone). Then, will you not remember)

Allah is the Creator Who arranges the Affairs of the Universe Allah t ells us t hat He is t he Lord of t he ent ire exist ence. He t ells us t hat He creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h in six days. It was said: "Like t hese days (meaning our worldly days).'' It was also said: "Every day is like a t housand years of what we reckon.'' Lat er, t his will be discussed furt her.

び͡ス∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ヲわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ぴ

(and t hen rose over (Ist awa) t he Throne.)'' The Throne is t he great est of t he creat ures and is like a ceiling for t hem. Allah's st at ement :

び∠ゲ∇ョΙ ｘ や ゲ⊥ あよギ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (arranging t he affair ぴof all t hingsび.) means t hat He cont rols t he affairs of t he creat ures.

ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゴ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘや (Not even t he weight of a speck of dust escapes His Knowledge in t he heavens or in t he eart h.) (34:3) No affair dist ract ' Him from ot her affairs. No mat t er t roubles Him. The persist ent request s of His creat ures do not annoy Him. He governs big t hings as He governs small t hings everywhere, on t he mount ains, in t he oceans, in populat ed areas, or in wast elands.

びゅ∠ヰホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And no moving creat ure is t here on eart h but it s provision is due from Allah.) (11:6)

ヴ͡プ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ ホ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ リ͡ョ テ ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ザ ∃ よ͡ ゅ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ∇デケ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ び∃リΒ͡らョぁ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ (Not a leaf falls, but He knows it . There is not a grain in t he darkness of t he eart h nor anyt hing fresh or dry, but is writ t en in a Clear Record.) (6:59) Ad-Darawardi narrat ed from Sa` d bin Ishaq bin Ka` b bin ` Uj rah t hat he said: "When t his Ayah was revealed,

び∠チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ∠ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, your Lord is Allah Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h) t hey met a great caravan whom t hey t hought should be Arabs. They said t o t hem: ` Who are you' They replied: ` We are Jinns. We left Al-Madinah because of t his Ayah.''' This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hat im. Allah said:

び͡ヮ͡ル∇ク͡ま ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ノ∃ Β͡ヘセ ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ョぴ (No int ercessor (can plead wit h Him) except aft er He permit s.) This is similar t o what is in t he following Ayat :

び͡ヮ͡ル∇ク͡み͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠ク リ∠ョぴ (Who is he t hat can int ercede wit h Him except wit h His permission) (2:255) and,

∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘセ ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ピゎ⊥ Ι ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ マ ∃ ヤ∠ョｚ リあョ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リヨ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ク∠ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ び (And t here are many angels in t he heavens, whose int ercession will avail not hing except aft er Allah has given leave for whom He wills and is pleased wit h.)(53:26), and;

び⊥ヮャ∠ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ る⊥ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘゼ ｚ ャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Int ercession wit h Him profit s not except for him whom He permit s. )(34:23). Allah t hen said:

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ よぁケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡クぴ (That is Allah, your Lord; so worship Him (alone). Then, will you not remember) meaning worship Him alone wit h no part ners.

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Then will you not remember) meaning "O idolat ors, you worship gods wit h Allah while you know t hat He alone is t he Creat or,'' as He said:

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ｚリャ⊥ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リョｚ ユ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ リ͡ゃ∠ャ∠ヱぴ (And if you ask t hem who creat ed t hem, t hey will surely say: "Allah.'')(43:87),

ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ノ͡ ∇らジ ｚ ャや れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ぁ ケｚ リ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ シ ∠ぴ

("Say: "Who is (t he) Lord of t he seven heavens, and (t he) Lord of t he Great Throne They will say: "Allah.'' Say: "Will you not t hen have Taqwa'') (23:86-87), Similar is ment ioned in t he Ayah before t his Ayah and aft er it .

ぺ⊥ギ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ゅ６ボェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン ∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ∇リョあ ∀ゆや∠ゲ∠セ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ∠ヱ ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ (4. To Him is t he ret urn of all of you. The promise of Allah is t rue. It is He Who begins t he creat ion and t hen will repeat it , t hat He may reward wit h j ust ice t hose who believed and did deeds of right eousness. But t hose who disbelieved will have a drink of boiling fluids and painful t orment because t hey used t o disbelieve.)

The Return of Everything is to Allah Allah t ells us t hat t he ret urn of t he creat ures on t he Day of Resurrect ion is t o Him. He will not leave anyone of t hem wit hout bringing everyone int o being as He brought t hem in t he beginning. Then Allah st at es t hat He is going t o bring all t he creat ures int o being.

ラ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ぺ⊥ギ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (And He it is Who originat es t he creat ion, t hen He will repeat it (aft er it has perished); and t his is easier for Him.) (30:27),

れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン ∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ び͡テ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ (t hat He may reward wit h j ust ice t hose who believed and did deeds of right eousness.) meaning, t he reward will be wit h j ust ice and complet e recompense.

∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ∠ヱ ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ゆや∠ゲ∠セ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡

(But t hose who disbelieved will have a drink of boiling fluids and painful t orment because t hey used t o disbelieve.) meaning, because of t heir disbelief t hey will be punished on t he Day of Resurrect ion by different forms of t orment , such as fierce hot winds, boiling wat er, and t he shadow of black smoke.

ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ムセ ∠ リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ カ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ - ∀ベゅｚジビ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ びァ ∀ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ (This is so! Then let t hem t ast e it ; a boiling fluid and dirt y wound discharges. And ot her (t orment s) of similar kind all t oget her!) (38: 57-58)

- ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゆ ⊥ あグム∠ Α⊥ ヴ͡わャｚや ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワぴ びラ ∃ や∠￢ ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プヲ⊥トΑ∠ (This is t he Hell which t he criminals denied. They will go bet ween it (Hell) and t he fierce boiling wat er!) (55:43-44)

や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢⇔ べ∠Βッ ͡ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ ゅ∠ョ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レジ あ ャや キ∠ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バわ∠ ャ͡ メ ∠ コ͡ ゅ∠レョ∠ ロ⊥ ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΓや モ ⊥ あダヘ∠ Α⊥ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ブ ͡ ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (5. It is He Who made t he sun a shining t hing and t he moon as a light and measured out for it st ages t hat you might know t he number of years and t he reckoning. Allah did not creat e t his but in t rut h. He explains t he Ayat in det ail for people who have knowledge.) (6. Verily, in t he alt ernat ion of t he night and t he day and in all t hat Allah has creat ed in t he heavens and t he eart h are Ayat for t hose who have Taqwa.)

Everything is a Witness to the Power of Allah. Allah t ells us about t he signs He creat ed t hat are indicat ive of His complet e power and great might . He made t he rays t hat come fort h from t he bright sun as t he source of light , and made t he beams t hat come fort h from t he moon as light . He made t hem of t wo different nat ures so t hey would not be confused wit h one anot her. Allah made t he dominion of t he sun in t he dayt ime and t he moon in t he night . He ordained phases for t he moon, where it st art s small

t hen it s light increases unt il it complet es a full moon. Then it begins t o decrease unt il it ret urns t o it s first phase at t he conclusion of t he mont h. Allah said:

ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ィゲ⊥バャゅ∠ミ キ∠ ゅ∠ハ ヴｚわェ ∠ メ ∠ コ͡ ゅ∠レョ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ケギｚ ホ∠ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ャや ポ ∠ ケ͡ ∇ギゎ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ヰャ∠ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや Ι ∠ - ユ͡ Α͡ギボ∠ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エら∠ ∇ジΑ∠ マ ∃ ヤ∠プ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ペ ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠シ モ ⊥ ∇Βｚャや (And t he moon, We have measured for it mansions (t o t raverse) t ill it ret urns like t he old dried curved dat e st alk. It is not for t he sun t o overt ake t he moon, nor does t he night out st rip t he day. They all float , each in an orbit .) (36:39-40) And He said:

び⇔ゅルゅ∠ら∇ジェ ⊥ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (And t he sun and t he moon for count ing) And in t his Ayah He said:

び⊥ロケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and measured) t hat is t he moon, Allah said:

び∠ゆゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レジ あ ャや キ∠ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バわ∠ ャ͡ メ ∠ コ͡ ゅ∠レョ∠ ぴ (And measured out for it st ages t hat you might know t he number of years and t he reckoning. '') The days are revealed by t he act ion of t he sun, and t he mont hs and t he years by t he moon. Allah t hen st at ed

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (Allah did not creat e t his but in t rut h.) He didn't creat e t hat for amusement but wit h great wisdom and perfect reasoning. Wit h a similar meaning, Allah said:

Κ ⇔ ト ͡ ⇒∠よ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ モ ∀ ∇Αヲ∠ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ぁニ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ び ケ͡ ゅｚレャや (And We creat ed not t he heaven and t he eart h and all t hat is bet ween t hem wit hout purpose! That is t he considerat ion of t hose who disbelieve! Then woe t o t hose who disbelieve from t he Fire!) (38:27) He also said:

Ι ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ん∠らハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ ͡エ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや マ ⊥ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ヤ⇒∠バわ∠ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ び ユ͡ Α͡ゲム∠ ∇ャや ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ("Did you t hink t hat We had creat ed you in play (wit hout any purpose), and t hat you would not be brought back t o Us'' So Exalt ed be Allah, t he True King: None has t he right t o be worshipped but He, t he Lord of t he Supreme Throne!) ぴ23:115-116び Allah said:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΓや モ ⊥ あダヘ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (He explains t he Ayat in det ail for people who have knowledge.) In ot her words, He explained t he signs and proofs for people who know. Allah furt her st at ed:

び͡ケゅ∠ヰレｚャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ブ ͡ ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t he alt ernat ion of t he night and t he day) The day and t he night alt ernat e, when one arrives, t he ot her goes, and so on, wit h no errors. This is similar t o t he meaning indicat ed in t he following Ayat :

びゅ⇔んΒ͡んェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ヤ⊥∇トΑ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ヴ͡ゼ∇ピΑ⊥ ぴ (He brings t he night as a cover over t he day, seeking it rapidly...).

び∠ゲヨ∠ ボ∠ ャや ポ ∠ ケ͡ ∇ギゎ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ヰャ∠ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや Ι ∠ぴ (It is not for t he sun t o overt ake t he moon.) ぴ36:40び, and

び⇔ゅレ∠ムシ ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゥ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇タΗ ͡ やペ ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠プぴ ((He is t he) Cleaver of t he daybreak. He has appoint ed t he night for rest ing). ぴ6:96び Allah cont inued:

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and in all t hat Allah has creat ed in t he heavens and t he eart h) meaning t he signs t hat indicat e His great ness. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement s:

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ る∃ Α∠ や∠￢ リあョ リあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And how many a sign in t he heavens and t he eart h...) ぴ12:105び,

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ や∠クゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ルや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ リ∠ハ ケ⊥ グ⊥ ぁレャや∠ヱ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ΑΓや ヴ͡レ∇ピゎ⊥ ("Say: "Behold all t hat is in t he heavens and t he eart h,'' but neit her Ayat nor warners benefit t hose who believe not .)ぴ10:101び

リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (See t hey not what is before t hem and what is behind t hem, of t he heaven and t he eart h.) ぴ34:9び.

モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ブ ͡ ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱｘΙ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΙ ∂ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ (Verily, in t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h, and in t he alt ernat ion of night and day, t here are indeed signs for men of underst anding.) ぴ3:190び means int elligent men. Allah said here,

び∠ラヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓぴ (Ayat for t hose who have Taqwa.) meaning fear Allah's punishment , wrat h and t orment .

り͡ ヲΒ∠エ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ッケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま∠ぴ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲぁルほ∠ヨ∠ ∇デや∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ケ⊥ ゅレｚ ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ び (7. Verily, t hose who hope not for t heir meet ing wit h Us, but are pleased and sat isfied wit h t he life of t he present world, and t hose who are heedless of Our Ayat ,) (8. Those, t heir abode will be t he Fire, because of what t hey used t o earn.)

The Abode of Those Who deny the Hour is Hell-Fire Allah describes t he st at e of t he wret ched who disbelieved in t he meet ing wit h Allah on t he Day of Resurrect ion and did not look forward t o it , who were well-pleased wit h t he life of t his world and at rest in it . Al-Hasan said: "They adorned it and praised it unt il t hey were well pleased wit h it . Whereas t hey were heedless of Allah's signs in t he universe, t hey did not cont emplat e t hem. They were also heedless of Allah's Laws, for t hey didn't abide by t hem. Their abode on t he Day of Ret urn is Fire, a reward for what t hey have earned in t heir worldly life from among t heir sins and crimes. That is beside t heir disbelief in Allah, His Messenger and t he Last Day.''

∇ユ͡ヰΑ͡ギ∇ヰ∠Α れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヶ͡プ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ わ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡みよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡バレｚ ャや ろ ͡ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヲ∇ハキ∠ ゲ⊥ カ ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ ュ∀ Κ ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ Βｚ エ ͡ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ (9. Verily, t hose who believe and do deeds of right eousness, t heir Lord will guide t hem t hrough t heir fait h; under t hem will flow rivers in t he Gardens of delight (Paradise).) (10. Their way of request t herein will be: "Glory t o You, O Allah!'' and "Salam'' (peace, safet y from evil) will be t heir greet ings t herein! And t he close of t heir request will be: "All praise is due t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s.'')

The Good Reward is for the People of Faith and Good Deeds In t hese t wo Ayat , Allah promises t he happy blessings for t hose who believed in Allah and His Messengers. And for t hose t hat have complied wit h what t hey were commanded t o follow. The promise is t hat He will guide t hem because of t heir fait h, or it may mean t hrough t heir fait h. As t o t he first int erpret at ion, t he meaning is t hat Allah will guide t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion t o t he st raight pat h unt il t hey pass int o Paradise because of t heir fait h in t his world. The ot her meaning is t hat t heir fait h will assist t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion as Muj ahid said:

び∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡みよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ぴ (Their Lord will guide t hem t hrough t heir fait h) meaning "Their fait h will be a light in which t hey will walk.''

ュ∀ Κ ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ Βｚ エ ͡ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヲ∇ハキ∠ ゲ⊥ カ ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ (Their way of request t herein will be: "Glory t o You, O Allah!'' And Salam (peace, safet y from evil) will be t heir greet ings t herein! And t he close of t heir request will be: "All praise is due t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s.'') meaning t his is t he condit ion of t he people of Paradise. This is similar t o what is found in t he following Ayat :

び∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ｚΒエ ͡ ゎ∠ ぴ (Their greet ing on t he Day t hey shall meet Him will be "Salam ぴPeaceび!'') ぴ33:44び,

ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡ホ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡を∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ヲ∇ピャ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ (No Laghw (dirt y, false, evil vain t alk) will t hey hear t herein, nor any sinful speech. But only t he saying of: Salam! Salam!!'') ぴ56:25-26び,

び ユ∃ Β͡ェケｚ ゆ ｙ ケｚ リあョ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ュ∀ Κ ∠シ ∠ぴ ((It will be said t o t hem): "Salam'' -- a Word from t he Lord, Most Merciful.) ぴ36:58び,

び⊥ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤジ ∠ よ∃ ゅ∠よ あモミ⊥ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ャや∠ヱぴ (And angels shall ent er unt o t hem from every gat e (saying): "Salamun ` Alaykum (peace be upon you)!'') ぴ13:23-24び In Allah's st at ement ,

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヲ∇ハキ∠ ゲ⊥ カ ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he close of t heir request will be: All praise is due t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s.'') There is an indicat ion t hat Allah Almight y is t he Praised One always, t he Worshipped at all t imes. This is why He praised Himself at t he beginning and t he durat ion of His creat ion. He also praised Himself in t he beginning of His Book and t he beginning of it s revelat ion. Allah said:

び∠ょ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah, Who has sent down t o His servant t he Book (t he Qur'an).) ぴ18:1び,

び∠チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (All praise is due t o Allah, Who (alone) creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h,) ぴ6:1び, and many ot her cit at ions wit h t his meaning. The Ayah also indicat es t hat Allah is t he Praised One in t his world and in t he Hereaft er and in all sit uat ions. In a Hadit h recorded by Muslim:

ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ギ∠ Β͡ヨ∇エわｚ ャや∠ヱ ウ ∠ Β͡ら∇ジわｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヰ∠ ∇ヤΑ⊥ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» «ザ∠ヘレｚ ャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヰ∇ヤΑ⊥ (The people of Paradise will be inspired t o glorify Allah and praise Him as t hey inst inct ively breat h.) This will be t heir nat ure because of t he increasing bount ies of Allah upon t hem. These bount ies are repeat ed and brought back again and increased wit h no limit or t erminat ion. So praise be t o Allah for t here is no God but He and no Lord save He.

ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ゅ∠イ∇バわ͡ ∇シや ゲｚ ゼ ｚ ャや サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ あイバ∠ Α⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ケ⊥ グ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ボ⊥ ャ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ ヴ͡プ (11. And were Allah t o hast en for mankind t he evil as He hast ens for t hem t he good t hen t hey would have been ruined. So We leave t hose who expect not t heir meet ing wit h Us, in t heir t respasses, wandering blindly in dist ract ion.)

Allah does not respond to the Requests for Evil like He does with the Requests for Good Allah t ells us about His Forbearance and Benevolence wit h His servant s. He does not respond t o t hem when t hey pray wit h evil int ent ions against t hemselves, t heir wealt h or t heir children during t imes of grief or anger. He knows t hat t hey do not t ruly int end evil for t hemselves so He doesn't respond t o t hem. This is in realit y kindness and mercy. On t he ot her hand, He responds t o t hem when t hey pray for t hemselves, wealt h and money, wit h good, blessing and growt h. Allah has said,

ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ゅ∠イ∇バわ͡ ∇シや ゲｚ ゼ ｚ ャや サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ あイバ∠ Α⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ボ⊥ ャ∠ (And were Allah t o hast en for mankind t he evil as He hast ens for t hem t he good t hen t hey would have been ruined.) This means t hat if He had responded t o all of t heir evil request s, He

would have dest royed t hem. However, people should avoid praying for evil as much as t hey can. Abu Bakr Al-Bazzar recorded in his Musnad t hat Jabir said, "Allah's Messenger said:

∩∇ユミ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» る⇔ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ ぶ ͡ やリ ∠ ョ͡ やヲ⊥ボプ͡ や∠ヲゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∩∇ユム⊥ ャ͡や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ «ユ⊥ムャ∠ ょ ∠ Β͡イわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ∀る∠よゅ∠ィ͡ま ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (Do not pray against yourselves, do not pray against your children, do not pray against your wealt h, for your prayer may coincide wit h a t ime of response from Allah and Allah will respond t o you.) This Hadit h was also recorded by Abu Dawud. This is similar t o what is underst ood from t he following Ayah:

び͡ゲ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ロ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ハキ⊥ ゲあ ゼ ｚ ャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡ やネ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And man invokes (Allah) for evil as he invokes (Allah) for good. )ぴ17:11び In regard t o t he int erpret at ion of t his Ayah,

び͡ゲ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ゅ∠イ∇バわ͡ ∇シや ゲｚ ゼ ｚ ャや サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ あイバ∠ Α⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And were Allah t o hast en for mankind t he evil as He hast ens for t hem t he good) Muj ahid said: "It is t he man saying t o his son or money when he is angry, ` O Allah don't bless him (or it ) and curse him (or it ).' Should Allah respond t o t his man in t his request as He responds t o him wit h good, He would dest roy t hem.''

や⇔ギハ ͡ ゅ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ レ∠イャ͡ ゅ∠ルゅ∠ハキ∠ ゲぁ ツ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ザ ｚ ョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ べ∠レハ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ∠ほミ∠ ゲｚ ョ∠ ロ⊥ ｚゲッ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヘゼ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ヨも͡ べ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ Β͡プゲ͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ リ ∠ Αあ コ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ジ ｚ ョｚ ｙゲッ ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α (12. And when harm t ouches man, he invokes Us, lying on his side, or sit t ing or st anding. But when We have removed his harm from him, he passes on as if he had never invoked Us for a harm t hat t ouched him! Thus it is made fair seeming t o t he wast eful t hat which t hey used t o do.)

Man remembers Allah at Times of Adversity and forgets Him at Times of Prosperity

Allah t ells us about man and how he becomes annoyed and worried when he is t ouched wit h dist ress.

び∃ヂΑ͡ゲハ ∠ ￢∃ べ∠ハキ⊥ ヱ⊥グプ∠ ゲぁ ゼ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ｚジョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (but when evil t ouches him, t hen he has recourse t o long supplicat ions.)ぴ41:51び ` Long supplicat ions' also means many supplicat ions. When man suffers adversit y he becomes worried and anxious. So he supplicat es more. He prays t o Allah t o lift and remove t he adversit y. He prays while st anding, sit t ing or laying down. When Allah removes his adversit y and lift s his dist ress, he t urns away and becomes arrogant . He goes on as if not hing were wrong wit h him before.

び⊥ヮジ ｚ ョｚ ｙゲッ ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レハ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ∠ほミ∠ ゲｚ ョ∠ ぴ (He passes on as if he had never invoked Us for a harm t hat t ouched him!) Allah t hen crit icized and condemned t hose who have t hese qualit ies or act t his way, so He said:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ Β͡プゲ͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ リ ∠ Αあ コ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミぴ (Thus it is made fair seeming t o t he wast eful t hat which t hey used t o do.) But t hose on whom Allah has best owed good guidance and support are an except ion.

び͡れゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except t hose who have pat ience believe and do right eous good deeds.) ぴ11:11び The Prophet said:

ゅｚャま͡ ￢⇔ ゅ∠ツホ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヶ͡ツ∇ボ∠Α ゅ∠ャ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや (ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠ャ͡) ゅ⇔ら∠イ∠ハ» ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゲ∠ ら∠ ダ ∠ プ∠ ￢⊥ やｚゲッ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゲ∠ ム∠ ゼ ∠ プ∠ ￢⊥ やｚゲシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ «リ͡ョ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ (How wonderful is t he case of a believer; t here is good for him in everyt hing and t his is not t he case wit h anyone except a believer. If prosperit y at t ends him, he expresses grat it ude t o Allah, and t hat is good for him. And if adversit y befalls him, he endures it pat ient ly and t hat is also good for him.)

∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅｚヨ∠ャ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヵ͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ゲ∠ ヌ ⊥ レ∠レャ͡ ユ͡ワギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ブ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤカ ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ (13. And indeed, We dest royed generat ions before you when t hey did wrong, while t heir Messengers came t o t hem wit h clear proofs, but t hey were not such as t o believe! Thus do We requit e t he people who are criminals.) (14. Then We made you successors aft er t hem, generat ions aft er generat ions in t he land, t hat We might see how you would work.)

The Admonition held in the Destruction of the Previous Generations Allah t ells us about what happened t o past generat ions when t hey belied t he Messengers and t he clear signs and proofs t he lat t er brought t o t hem. Allah t hen made t his nat ion successors aft er t hem. He sent t o t hem a Messenger t o t est t heir obedience t o Him and following His Messenger. Muslim recorded t hat Abu Nadrah report ed from Abu Sa` id t hat he said: "Allah's Messenger said:

∇ユム⊥ ヘ⊥ ヤ͡∇ガわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩∀りゲ∠ ツ ͡ カ ∠ ∀り∠ヲ∇ヤェ ⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ ∩∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∀ゲニ ͡ ゅ∠レプ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヶ͡プ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ モ ∠ Β͡もや∠ゲ∇シま͡ ヶ∠レよ͡ る͡ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∠￢ゅ∠ジレあ ャや «￢ゅ∠ジレあ ャや (The world is indeed sweet and green; and verily Allah is going t o inst all you generat ions aft er generat ions in it in order t o see how you act . So safeguard yourselves against t he world and avoid (t he t rial caused by) women. For t he first t rial of t he Children of Israel was due t o women..) Ibn Jarir report ed from ` Abdur-Rahman from Ibn Abi Layla t hat ` Awf bin Malik said t o Abu Bakr: "In a dream, I saw a rope hanging from t he sky and Allah's Messenger was being raised. The rope was suspended again and Abu Bakr was raised. Then people were given different measurement s around t he Minbar, and ` Umar was favored wit h t hree forearm measurement s.'' ` Umar said: "Keep your dream away from us, we have no need for it .'' When ` Umar succeeded, he called for ` Awf and said t o him, "Tell me about your dream'' ` Awf said: "Do you need t o hear about my dream now Did you not scold me before'' He t hen said, "Woe unt o you! I hat ed for you t o announce it t o t he successor of Allah's Messenger himself.'' So ` Awf relat ed his dream unt il he got t o t he t hree forearms, he said: "One t hat he was Khalifah,

second he did not -- for t he sake of Allah -- fear t he blame of blamers, and t hird he was a mart yr.'' Allah said:

ユ͡ワギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ブ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤカ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ゲ∠ ヌ ⊥ レ∠レャ͡ (Then We made you successors af t er t hem, generat ions aft er generat ions in t he land, t hat We might see how you would work.)(10:14) Then he said: "Son of t he mot her of ` Umar, you have been appoint ed as Khalifah, so look at what you will do! About not fearing t he blame of blamers, t hat is Allah's will. About becoming a mart yr, how can ` Umar reach t hat when t he Muslims are in support of him''

Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ れ ∃ ゅ∠レΒあ よ∠ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇モホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇ャあギよ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ラ ∃ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ よ͡ ろ ͡ ∇もや ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ノ⊥ ら͡ ゎｚ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ヴ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ￢͡ べ∠ボ∇ヤゎ͡ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ギあ よ∠ ぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ͡ャ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βダ ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ラま͡ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ヲヤ∠ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャｚ モ⊥ホ - ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ や⇔ゲ⊥ヨハ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ろ ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ (15. And when Our clear Ayat are recit ed unt o t hem, t hose who hope not for t heir meet ing wit h Us, say: "Bring us a Qur'an ot her t han t his, or change it .'' Say: "It is not for me t o change it on my own accord; I only follow t hat which is revealed unt o me. Verily, I fear t he t orment of t he Great Day (t he Day of Resurrect ion) if I were t o disobey my Lord.'') (16. Say: "If Allah had so willed, I should not have recit ed it t o you nor would He have made it known t o you. Verily, I have st ayed among you a lifet ime before t his. Have you t hen no sense'')

Obstinance of the Chiefs of the Quraysh Allah t ells us about t he obst inance of t he disbelievers of t he Quraysh, who were opposed t o t he message and denied Allah. When t he Messenger read t o t hem from t he Book of Allah and His clear evidence t hey said t o him: "Bring a Qur'an ot her t han t his.'' They want ed t he Prophet t o t ake back t his Book and bring t hem anot her book of a different st yle or change it t o a different form. So Allah said t o His Prophet :

びヴ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ￢͡ べ∠ボ∇ヤゎ͡ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ギあ よ∠ ぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ͡ャ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "It is not for me t o change it on my own accord;) This means t hat it is not up t o me t o do such a t hing. I am but a servant who receives commands. I am a Messenger conveying from Allah.

∇ラま͡ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ノ⊥ ら͡ ゎｚ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ぴ び∃ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βダ ∠ ハ ∠ (I only follow t hat which is revealed unt o me. Verily, I fear t he t orment of t he Great Day (t he Day of Resurrect ion) if I were t o disobey my Lord.)

The Evidence of the Truthfulness of the Qur'an Muhammad then argued with supporting evidence to the truthfulness of what he had brought them:

び͡ヮよ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ヲヤ∠ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャｚ モ⊥ホぴ (Say: "If Allah had so willed, I should not have recit ed it t o you nor would He have made it known t o you...'') This indicat es t hat he brought t his only wit h t he permission and will of Allah for him t o do so. The proof of t his was t hat he had not fabricat ed it himself and t hat t hey were incapable of refut ing it , and t hat t hey should be fully aware of his t rut hfulness and honest y since he grew up among t hem, unt il Allah sent t he Message t o him. The Prophet was never crit icized for anyt hing or held in cont empt . So he said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ や⇔ゲ⊥ヨハ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ろ ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Verily, I have st ayed among you a lifet ime before t his. Have you t hen no sense) Which meant "don't you have brains wit h which you may dist inguish t he t rut h from falsehood'' When Heraclius, t he Roman king, asked Abu Sufyan and t hose who were in his company about t he Prophet , he said: "Have you ever accused him of t elling lies before his claim'' Abu Sufyan replied: "No.'' Abu Sufyan was t hen t he head of t he disbelievers and t he leader of t he idolat ors, but he st ill admit t ed t he t rut h. This is a clear and irrefut able t est imony since it came from t he enemy. Heraclius t hen said: "I wondered how a person who does not t ell a lie about ot hers could ever t ell a lie about Allah.'' Ja` far bin Abu Talib said t o An-Naj ashi, t he king of Et hiopia: "Allah has sent t o us a Messenger t hat we know his t rut hfulness, ancest ral lineage, and honest y. He st ayed among us before t he prophet hood for fort y years.''

ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔よグ͡ ミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや リ ͡ ヨｚ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ (17. So who does more wrong t han he who forges a lie against Allah or denies His Ayat Surely, t he criminals will never be successful!)

Allah says that no one is more wrong, unjust and arrogant than he who invented a lie against Allah, forged claims about Allah, or claimed that Allah has sent a message to him but his claim was not true. No one is more of a criminal or has commit t ed great er wrong t han such a person. Liars cannot be confused wit h Prophet s. Anyone who claims such a t hing, whet her lying or t elling t he t rut h, will necessarily be support ed by Allah wit h proofs and signs of his falsehood or t rut hfulness. The difference bet ween Muhammad and Musaylamah t he liar, was clearer t o t hose who met bot h of t hem t han t he difference bet ween forenoon and midnight when it is ext remely dark. Those who are clear-sight ed can dist inguish via signs and proofs bet ween t he t rut hfulness of Muhammad and t he falsehood of Musaylamah t he liar, Saj ah and Al-Aswad Al-` Ansi. Abdullah bin Salam said: "When Allah's Messenger arrived at Al-Madinah, people were scared away and I was one of t hem. But when I saw him, I realized t hat his face could never be t he face of a liar. The first t hing I heard from him was his st at ement :

∩∠ュゅ∠バト ｚ ャや やヲ⊥ヨバ͡ ∇デぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや やヲ⊥ゼ∇プぺ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ゅ∠Α» サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャゅ͡よ やヲぁヤタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ュゅ∠ェ∇ケほ∠∇ャや やヲ⊥ヤタ ͡ ヱ∠ «ュゅ∠ヤジ ∠ よ͡ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ∩⊥ュゅ∠Βル͡ (O people, spread t he greet ings of peace, feed ot hers, be dut iful t o your relat ives and offer prayers in t he night when ot hers are asleep so t hat you will ent er Paradise in peace.)'' When Dimam bin Tha` labah came t o Allah's Messenger and asked him in t he presence of his people -Banu Sa` d bin Bakr: "Who raised t his heaven'' He replied, や. (Allah). He asked: "And who erect ed t hese mount ains'' He replied, や. (Allah). He asked: "Who spread out t his eart h'' He replied, や. (Allah). Then he asked: "I ask you in t he name of t he One, Who raised t he heavens, erect ed t he mount ains, and spread out t his eart h, has Allah sent you as a Messenger t o all mankind'' He said, i

«ユ∠バル∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャ∠や» (By Allah, Yes!) Then Dimam asked him about Salah, Zakah, Haj j and fast ing. Wit h every quest ion he swore by Allah and wit h every response t he Prophet swore also. Dimam t hen said: "You indeed are t elling t he t rut h. By t he One Who sent you wit h t he t rut h I will not increase or decrease from what you have t old me.'' This man was cont ent wit h t he few responses of t he

Prophet . He was convinced of t he Prophet 's t rut hfulness by t he signs t hat he saw and wit nessed. It was narrat ed t hat ` Amr bin Al-` As went t o Musaylamah. ` Amr was not a Muslim at t hat t ime and he was a friend of Musaylamah. Musaylamah said: "Woe unt o you ` Amr. What was revealed unt o your friend -- meaning Allah's Messenger -- during t his period'' ` Amr replied: "I heard his companions reading a short but great Surah.'' He asked, "And what was t hat '' He recit ed:

び ゲ∃ ∇ジカ ⊥ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ラ ｚ ま͡ - ゲ͡ ∇ダバ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (By Al-` Asr (t he t ime). Verily, man is in loss.) ぴ103:1-2び unt il t he end of t he Surah. Musaylamah t hought for a while and t hen said: "Somet hing similar t o t hat was also revealed t o me.'' ` Amr asked: "And what is it '' He t hen recit ed: "O Wabr, O Wabr! You are only t wo ears and a breast . The rest of you is hollow.' What do you t hink, ` Amr'' ` Amr t hen said: "By Allah, you know t hat I know t hat you are a liar.'' This was a st at ement made by an idolat or in j udgment of Musaylamah. He knew Muhammad and his t rut hf ulness. He also knew Musaylamah and his t endency t oward falsehood and lying. People who t hink and have insight know even bet t er. Allah said:

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔よ͡グミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや リ ͡ ヨｚ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ メ ⊥ ゴ͡ ル⊥ほシ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゥ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェ∇ヱぺ⊥ び⊥ヮヤｚャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ルぺ∠ べ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ (And who does more aggression and wrong t han he who invent s a lie against Allah or rej ect s His Ayat .) ぴ6:21び

ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔よグ͡ ミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや リ ͡ ヨｚ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ (So who does more wrong t han he who forges a lie against Allah or denies His Ayat Surely, t he criminals will never be successful!) ぴ10:17び No one is more unj ust t han he who belies t he t rut h which t he Messengers have brought support ed wit h evidence and proof.

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇モホ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ルぽ⊥ ⇒∠バヘ∠ セ ⊥ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゃらあ レ∠ ゎ⊥ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや

る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カゅ∠プ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠ヨΒプ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヶ ∠ツ ͡ ボ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ∇ろボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ (18. And t hey worship besides Allah t hings t hat harm t hem not , nor profit t hem, and t hey say: "These are our int ercessors wit h Allah.'' Say: "Do you inform Allah of t hat which He knows not in t he heavens and on t he eart h'' Glorified and Exalt ed is He above all t hat which t hey associat e as part ners (wit h Him)!) (19. Mankind were but one communit y, t hen t hey differed (lat er); and had not it been for a Word t hat went fort h before from your Lord, it would have been set t led bet ween t hem regarding what t hey differed.)

What do the Idolators believe about Their Gods Allah reproaches t he idolat ors t hat worshipped ot hers beside Allah, t hinking t hat t hose gods would int ercede for t hem before Allah. Allah st at es t hat t hese gods do not harm or benefit . They don't have any aut horit y over anyt hing, nor do t hey own anyt hing. These gods can never do what t he idolat ors had claimed about t hem. That is why Allah said:

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゃらあ レ∠ ゎ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ (Say: ` Do you inform Allah of t hat which He knows not in t he heavens and on t he eart h') Ibn Jarir said: "This means, ` Are you t elling Allah about what may not happen in t he heavens and eart h' Allah t hen announced t hat His Glorious Self is far above t heir Shirk and Kufr by saying:

び∠ラヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ (Glorified and Exalt ed is He above all t hat which t hey associat e as part ners (wit h Him)!)

Shirk is New Allah t hen t ells us t hat Shirk was new among mankind. It was not in exist ence in t he beginning. He t ells us t hat people were believers in one religion and t hat religion was Islam. Ibn ` Abbas said: "There were t en cent uries bet ween Adam and Nuh. They were all on Islam. Then differences among people t ook place. They worshipped idols and rivals. So Allah sent ext ensive evidence and irrefut able proof wit h His Messengers.''

リ∠ハ ヴ ｚェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヴ∠Β∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ リ∠ハ マ ∠ ヤ∠ワ∠ ∇リョ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰΒ∠ ャあぴ び∃るレ∠ Βあ よ∠

(So t hat t hose who were t o be dest royed (for rej ect ing t he fait h) might be dest royed aft er a clear evidence, and t hose who were t o live might live aft er a clear evidence.)ぴ8:42び Allah's st at ement :

び∠マよあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ∇ろボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And had not it been for a Word t hat went fort h before from your Lord...) means t hat if Allah had not decreed He would not punish anyone unt il t he evidence is est ablished against t hem. And also t hat if He had not given creat ures a respit e unt il a defined t erm had passed, He would have j udged among t hem in what t hey disput ed. Then He would have caused t he believers t o be happy and delight ed and t he disbelievers t o be miserable and wret ched.

ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∀る∠Αや∠￢ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヴあルま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ょ ⊥ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや (20. And t hey say: "How is it t hat not a sign is sent down on him from his Lord'' Say: "The Unseen belongs only t o Allah, so wait you, verily, I am wit h you among t hose who wait .'')

The Idolators requested a Miracle These st ubborn, lying disbelievers said, "Why would not a sign be revealed t o Muhammad from his Lord.'' They meant a sign such as given t o Salih. Allah sent t he she-camel t o Thamud. They want ed Allah t o change t he mount of As-Safa int o gold or remove t he mount ains of Makkah and replace t hem wit h gardens and rivers. Allah is capable of doing all of t hat , but He is All-Wise in His act ions and st at ement s. Allah said:

マ ∠ ャ͡ク リあョ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ラ͡ま ン͡グャｚや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぴ マ ∠ ャｚ モ∠バ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ∇モよ∠ - や⇔ケヲ⊥ダホ⊥ び や⇔ゲΒ͡バシ ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャゅ͡よ (Blessed be He Who, if He wills, will assign you bet t er t han (all) t hat -- Gardens under which rivers flow (Paradise) and will assign you palaces (in Paradise). Nay, t hey deny t he Hour, and for t hose who deny t he Hour, We have prepared a flaming Fire.)ぴ25:10-11び He also said:

ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲルぁ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レバ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ャヱｚ ｘΙや

(And not hing st ops Us from sending t he Ayat but t hat t he people of old denied t hem.) ぴ17:59び Allah's way of dealing wit h His creat ures is t hat He would give t o t hem if t hey asked t hings from Him. But if t hey t hen didn't believe He would expedit e punishment for t hem. When Allah's Messenger was given t he choice of Allah giving t he people what t hey request ed but if t hey didn't believe t hey would be punished, or t hat t heir request would not be answered immediat ely, Allah's Messenger chose t he lat t er. Allah guided His Prophet t o answer t heir quest ion by saying:

び͡ヮヤｚャ ょ ⊥ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (Say: "The Unseen belongs only t o Allah...'') This Ayah means t hat t he mat t er in it s ent iret y is for Allah. He is well aware of t he out come of all mat t ers.

び∠リΑ͡ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムバ∠ ョ∠ ヴあルま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ ルゅ∠プぴ ("...so wait you, verily, I am wit h you among t hose who wait .'') If you would not believe unless you wit ness t hat which you asked for, t hen wait for Allah's j udgement for me, as well as for yourselves. Nonet heless, t hey had wit nessed some of t he signs and miracles of t he Prophet , which were even great er t han what t hey had asked for. In t heir presence, t he Prophet point ed t o t he moon when it was full and it split int o t wo part s, one part behind t he mount ain and t he ot her before t hem. If t hey were seeking t he guidance and firm knowledge by asking for signs, Allah would have known t hat and would have grant ed t hem what had been request ed. But Allah knew t hat it was t heir obst inacy t hat was behind t heir request . Therefore Allah left t hem t o suffer in t heir suspicion and doubt . Allah knew t hat none of t hem would believe. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement s:

∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び∃る∠Αや￢ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ (Truly, t hose, against whom t he Word (Wrat h) of your Lord has been j ust ified, will not believe. Even if every sign should come t o t hem.)ぴ10:96-97び and;

ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚミ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ∠ル ゅ∠レルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ ら⊥ ホ⊥ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲ∠ゼ∠ェ∠ヱ び⊥ヮヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ (And even if We had sent down unt o t hem angels, and t he dead had spoken unt o t hem, and We had gat hered t oget her all t hings before t heir very eyes, t hey would not have believed, unless Allah willed.)ぴ6:111び This was in addit ion t o t heir arrogance. As Allah said in anot her Ayah:

び͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔よゅ∠よ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(And even if We opened t o t hem a gat e from t he heaven.) ぴ15:14び And He said:

び⇔ゅト͡ボ⇒∠シ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ヘ∇ジミ͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if t hey were t o see a piece of t he heaven falling down.)ぴ52:44び He also said:

ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ジヨ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ サ ∃ ゅ∠デ∇ゲホ͡ ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ∠ル ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ボャ∠ ∇ユ͡ヰΑ͡ギ∇Α∠ほ͡よ び (And even if We had sent down unt o you (O Muhammad) a Message writ t en on paper so t hat t hey could t ouch it wit h t heir hands, t he disbelievers would have said: ` This is not hing but obvious magic!')ぴ6:7び Such people don't deserve t o have t heir request s answered, for t here is no benefit in answering t hem. These people are obst inat e and st ubborn as a result of t heir corrupt ion and immoralit y. Therefore Allah t old His Messenger t o say:

び∠リΑ͡ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムバ∠ ョ∠ ヴあルま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ ルゅ∠プぴ (So wait you, verily, I am wit h you among t hose who wait .)

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わジ ｚ ョ∠ ￢∠ へｚゲッ ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠レ∇ホク∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ｚ ま͡ や⇔ゲ∇ムョ∠ ネ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや￢ ヴ͡プ ∀ゲ∇ムョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ あΒジ ∠ Α⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ヨゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Αゲ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∀ウΑ͡ケ ゅ∠ヰ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ェゲ͡ プ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ ら∠ Βあ デ ∠ ウ ∃ Α͡ゲよ͡ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ∇やヲぁレニ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ァ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ∀ブ͡タゅ∠ハ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ リ ∠ Αあギャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ダヤ͡∇ガョ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ ハ ∠ キ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ テ ∠ Β͡ェぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムレ∠ ャ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇Βイ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠イル∠ぺ

り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ネ ∠ ゅ∠わョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β⊥ ∇ピよ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらレ∠ レ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠レΒ∠ャま͡ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや (21. And when We let mankind t ast e mercy aft er some adversit y has afflict ed t hem, behold! They t ake t o plot t ing against Our Ayat ! Say: "Allah is more swift in planning!'' Cert ainly, Our messengers (angels) record all of t hat which you plot .) (22. He it is Who enables you t o t ravel t hrough land and sea, t ill when you are in t he ships, and t hey sail wit h t hem wit h a favorable wind, and t hey are glad t herein, t hen comes a st ormy wind and t he waves come t o t hem from all sides, and t hey t hink t hat t hey are encircled t herein. Then t hey invoke Allah, making t heir fait h pure for Him (alone), (saying): "If You (Allah) deliver us from t his, we shall t ruly, be of t he grat eful.'') (23. But when He delivers t hem, behold! They rebel (disobey Allah) in t he eart h wrongfully. O mankind! Your rebellion is only against yourselves, -- a brief enj oyment of t his worldly life, t hen (in t he end) unt o Us is your ret urn, and We shall inform you of t hat which you used t o do.)

Man changes when He receives Mercy after Times of Distress Allah t ells us t hat when He makes men feel His mercy aft er being afflict ed wit h dist ress,

びゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや￢ ヴ͡プ ∀ゲ∇ムョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠クま͡ぴ (They t ake t o plot t ing against Our Ayat .) The coming of mercy aft er dist ress is like t he coming of ease aft er hardship, fert ilit y aft er aridit y, and rain aft er drought . Muj ahid said t hat man's at t it ude indicat es a mockery and belying of blessings. The meaning here is similar t o Allah's st at ement :

や⇔ギハ ͡ ゅ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ レ∠イャ͡ ゅ∠ルゅ∠ハキ∠ ゲぁ ツ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ザ ｚ ョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ヨも͡ べ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ (And when harm t ouches man, he invokes Us, lying on his side, or sit t ing or st anding.)(10:12) Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Allah's Messenger led t he Subh (Dawn) prayer aft er it had rained during t he night , t hen he said:

«∨∠るヤ∠∇Βヤｚャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ぁよケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や∠クゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケ∇ギゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ » (Do you know what your Lord has said last night ) They replied, "Allah and His Messenger know bet t er.'' He said:

ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ∩∀ゲプ͡ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヶ͡よ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タぺ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ» ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ポ ∠ や∠グプ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ やモ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲト ͡ ョ⊥ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇リョ∠ ￢͡ ∇ヲレ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲト ͡ ョ⊥ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ょミ∠ ∇ヲム∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ゲ͡プゅ∠ミ ヶ͡よ «ょ∠ミ∇ヲム∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヶ͡よ ∀ゲ͡プゅ∠ミ ポ ∠ や∠グプ∠ や∠グミ∠ ヱ∠ や∠グミ∠ (Allah said; "This morning, some of My servant s have become believers and some disbelievers in Me. He who said: ` We have had t his rainfall due t o t he grace and mercy of Allah' is a believer in Me and a disbeliever in t he st ars. And he who said ` we have had t his rainfall due t o t he rising of such and such st ar' is a disbeliever in Me and a believer in t he st ars.) The Ayah:

びや⇔ゲ∇ムョ∠ ネ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Allah is more swift in planning!'') means t hat Allah is more capable of gradually seizing t hem wit h punishment , while grant ing t hem concession of a delay unt il t he criminals t hink t hat t hey would not be punished. But in realit y t hey are in periods of respit e, t hen t hey will be t aken suddenly. The noble writ ers (meaning t he angels who writ e t he deeds) will writ e everyt hing t hat t hey do and keep count of t heir deeds. Then t hey will present it before t he AllKnowing of t he seen and unseen worlds. The Lord will t hen reward t hem for t he significant deeds and even t he seemingly insignificant t hat may be as t iny as a spot on a dat e pit . Allah furt her st at es:

び͡ゲ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ あΒジ ∠ Α⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He it is Who enables you t o t ravel t hrough land and sea...) which means t hat He preserves you and maint ains you wit h His care and wat ching.

る∃ ら∠ Βあ デ ∠ ウ ∃ Α͡ゲよ͡ ユ͡ヰよ͡ リ ∠ ∇Αゲ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ェゲ͡ プ∠ ヱ∠ (Till when you are in t he ships, and t hey sail wit h t hem wit h a favorable wind, and t hey are glad t herein...) meaning smoot hly and calmly;

びゅ∠ヰ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィぴ (t hen comes (t hese ships))

び∀ブタ ͡ ゅ∠ハ ∀ウΑ͡ケぴ

(a st ormy wind)

び∃ラゅ∠ムョ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ァ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ o(and t he waves come t o t hem from all sides, )

び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ テ ∠ Β͡ェぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲぁレニ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey t hink t hat t hey are encircled t herein) meaning t hat are going t o be dest royed.

び∠リΑあギャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ダヤ͡∇ガョ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ ハ ∠ キ∠ ぴ (Then t hey invoke Allah, making t heir fait h pure for Him (alone)) meaning t hat in t his sit uat ion t hey would not invoke an idol or st at ue besides Allah. They would single Him out alone for t heir supplicat ions and prayers. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement :

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ リ∠ョ モ ｚッ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゲぁ ツ ぁ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚジョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ッゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚイル∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ロ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ Ι ∠ ま͡ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘミ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡や (And when harm t ouches you upon t he sea, t hose t hat you call upon vanish from you except Him (Allah alone). But when He brings you safe t o land, you t urn away (from Him). And man is ever ungrat eful.) ぴ17:67び And in t his Surah, He says:

∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇Βイ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ リ ∠ Αあギャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ダヤ͡∇ガョ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ ハ ∠ キ∠ ぴ び͡ログ͡ ⇒∠ワ (They invoke Allah, making t heir fait h pure for Him (saying): "If You (Allah) deliver us from t his (sit uat ion).'')

び∠リΑ͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ∠ルヲ⊥ム∠レ∠ャぴ ("We shall t ruly, be of t he grat eful.'') This means t hat we will not ascribe ot hers as part ners wit h You. We will lat er worship You alone as we are praying t o You here and now. Allah st at es;

び∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠イル∠ぺ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (But when He delivers t hem) from t hat dist ress,

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クま͡ぴ (behold! They rebel (disobey Allah) in t he eart h wrongfully...) meaning: t hey ret urned as if t hey had never experienced any difficult ies and had never promised Him anyt hing. So Allah said:

び⊥ヮジ ｚ ョｚ ｙゲッ ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レハ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ∠ほ∠ミぴ (He passes on as if he had never invoked Us for a harm t hat t ouched him!)ぴ10:12び Allah t hen said:

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β⊥ ∇ピよ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O mankind! Your rebellion (disobedience t o Allah) is only against yourselves,) it is you yourselves t hat will t ast e t he evil consequence of t his t ransgression. You will not harm anyone else wit h it , as comes in t he Hadit h,

ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ わ∠ よ∠ ヲ⊥ボハ ⊥ ぶ ⊥ や モ ∠イ あ バ∠ Α⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ケ∠ ギ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ょ ∃ ∇ルク∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» リ ∠ ョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡ べ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ ら͡ ェ ͡ ゅ∠ダャ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ゲ⊥ カ ͡ ギｚ Α∠ ゅ∠ョ ノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや «ユ͡ェゲｚ ャや る͡ バ∠ Β͡トホ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ ͡ ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや (There is no sin t hat is more wort hy t hat Allah hast en punishment for in t his world -- on t op of t he punishment t hat Allah has in st ore for it in t he Hereaft er -- t han oppression and cut t ing t he t ies of t he womb.) Allah's st at ement :

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ネ ∠ ゅ∠わョｚ ぴ (a brief enj oyment of t his worldly life...) means t hat you only have a short enj oyment in t his low and abased worldly life.

び∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠レΒ∠ャま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen (in t he end) unt o Us is your ret urn...) meaning your goal and final dest inat ion.

び∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ レ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (and We shall inform you) of all your deeds. Then we shall recompense you for t hem. So let him who finds good (in his record) praise Allah, and let him who finds ot her t han t hat blame no one but himself.

￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ￢∃ べ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや れ ⊥ ゅ∠らル∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ テ ∠ ヤ∠わ∠ ∇カゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰプ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇カコ⊥ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや れ ͡ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ユ⊥ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や∠ヱ べ∠ワゅ∠ゎぺ∠ べ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケキ͡ ゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ べ∠ヰヤ⊥∇ワぺ∠ リ ｚニ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ろレ∠ Αｚ コｚ や∠ヱ リ ∠ ∇ピゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ∠ほミ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡ダェ ∠ ゅ∠ワゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ Κ ⇔ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΓや モ ⊥ あダヘ∠ ル⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミ ザ ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ュ͡ Κ ∠ジ ｚ ャや ケ͡ や∠キ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ び ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ や∠ゲタ ͡ (24. Verily, t he parable of t he life of t he world is as t he wat er which We send down from t he sky; so by it arises t he int ermingled produce of t he eart h of which men and cat t le eat : unt il when t he eart h is clad in it s adornment s and is beaut ified, and it s people t hink t hat t hey have all t he powers of disposal over it , Our command reaches it by night or by day and We make it like a clean-mown harvest , as if it had not flourished yest erday! Thus do We explain t he Ayat in det ail for t he people who reflect .) (25. Allah calls t o t he Abode of Peace (Paradise) and guides whom He wills t o t he st raight pat h.)

The Parable of this Life Allah t he Almight y has set an example of t he similit ude of t he life of t his world, it s glit t er and t he swift ness of it s passage, likening it t o t he plant and veget at ion t hat Allah brings out from t he eart h. This plant grows from t he wat er t hat comes down from t he sky. These plant s are food for people, such as fruit s and ot her different t ypes and kinds of foods. Some ot her kinds are food for cat t le such as clover plant s (i.e. green fodder for t he cat t le) and herbage et c.

びゅ∠ヰプ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇カコ⊥ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやれ ͡ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il when t he eart h is clad in it s adornment s ,)

び∇ろレ∠ Αｚ コｚ や∠ヱぴ (and is beaut ified ) meaning, it became good by what grows on it s hills such as blooming flowers of different shapes and colors.

びべ∠ヰヤ⊥∇ワぺ∠ リ ｚニ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and it s people t hink...) t hose who plant ed it and put it in t he ground,

びべ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケキ͡ ゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ぴ (t hat t hey have all t he powers of disposal over it ) t o cult ivat e it and harvest it . But while t hey were in t hat frame of mind, a t hunderbolt or a severe, cold st orm came t o it . It dried it s leaves and spoiled it s fruit s. Allah said:

びや⇔ギΒ͡ダェ ∠ ゅ∠ワゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ Κ ⇔ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ワゅ∠ゎぺ∠ぴ (Our command reaches it by night or by day and We make it like a clean-mown harvest , ) it became dry aft er it was green and flourishing.

び͡ザ∇ョｘΙゅ͡よ リ ∠ ∇ピゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ∠ほ∠ミぴ (as if it had not flourished yest erday!) as if not hing exist ed t here before. Qat adah said: "As if it had not flourished; as if it was never blessed.'' Such are t hings aft er t hey perish, t hey are as if t hey had never exist ed. Similarly, t he Hadit h,

ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ザ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ピΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ユ͡ バ∠ ∇ルほ∠よ͡ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ » ゲｚ ョ∠ ∇モワ∠ ∨ぁテホ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇モワ∠ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩⇔るジ ∠ ∇ヨビ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ギあ セ ∠ ほ∠よ͡ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ャ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨ぁテホ∠ ∀ユΒ͡バル∠ マ ∠ よ͡ ｚユを⊥ ∩⇔るジ ∠ ∇ヨビ ∠ ユ͡ Β͡バレｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ザ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ピΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ «ゅ∠ャ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨ぁテホ∠ ゅ⇔シ∇ぽよ⊥ ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇モワ∠ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ (A person who led t he most prosperous life in t his world will be brought up and dipped once in t he Fire. He will t hen be asked: ` Have you ever found any good or comfort ' He will reply: ` No.' And a person who had experienced ext reme adversit y in t his world will be brought up and dipped once in t he bliss (of Paradise). Then he will be asked: 'Did you ever face any hardship or misery' He will reply: ` No.') Allah said about t hose who were dest royed:

びべ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇や∇ヲレ∠ ∇ピΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ∠ほム∠ レ∠ Β͡ヨん͡ ⇒∠ィ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠Αキ͡ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So t hey lay (dead), prost rat e in t heir homes; as if t hey had never lived t here.)ぴ11:67-68び Allah t hen said:

び͡ろ⇒∠ΑΓや モ ⊥ あダヘ∠ ル⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミぴ (Thus do We explain t he Ayat . ..) We do explain t he proofs, and evidences, in det ail

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ぴ (for t he people who reflect .) so t hey may t ake a lesson from t his example in t he swift vanishing of t his world from it s people while t hey are deceived by it . They would t rust t his world and it s promises, and t hen it unexpect edly t urns away from t hem. This world, in it s nat ure, runs away from t hose who seek it but seeks t hose who run away from it . Allah ment ioned t he parable of t his world and t he plant s of t he eart h in several Ayat in His Noble Book. He said in Surat AlKahf:

ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャ∠ゴ∇ル∠ぺ ￢∃ べ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ん∠ ョｚ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ∇ゆゲ͡ ∇ッや∠ヱぴ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや れ ⊥ ゅ∠らル∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ テ ∠ ヤ∠わ∠ ∇カゅ∠プ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゥ ⊥ ゅΑあゲャや ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ケ∇グゎ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ゼワ∠ び や⇔ケギ͡ わ∠ ∇ボョぁ (And put forward t o t hem t he example of t he life of t his world: it is like t he wat er (rain) which We send down from t he sky, and t he veget at ion of t he eart h mingles wit h it , and becomes fresh and green. But (lat er) it becomes dry and broken pieces, which t he winds scat t er. And Allah is able t o do everyt hing.) (18:45) He also gave similar examples in bot h Surat Az-Zumar ぴ39:21び and Surat Al-Hadid ぴ57:20び.

Invitation to the Everlasting Gifts that do not vanish Allah said:

び͡ュΚ ∠ジ ｚ ャや ケ͡ や∠キ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah calls t o t he Abode of Peace) When Allah ment ioned t he swift ness of t his world and it s t erminat ion, He invit ed people t o Paradise and encouraged t hem t o seek it . He called it t he Abode of Peace. It is t he Abode of Peace because it is free from defect s and miseries. So Allah said:

￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ュ͡ Κ ∠ジ ｚ ャや ケ͡ や∠キ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ び ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ や∠ゲタ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡

(Allah calls t o t he Home of Peace and guides whom He wills t o t he st raight pat h.) It was narrat ed t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said: "Allah's Messenger came out one day and said t o us:

∩ヶ͡シ∇ぺケ∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ モ ∠ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ラ ｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠レヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヶあルま͡» :ヮ͡ ら͡ ェ ͡ ゅ∠ダャ͡ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∩ｚヶヤ∠∇ィケ͡ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ モ ∠ Β͡もゅ∠ムΒ͡ョヱ∠ ∩∠マル⊥ ク⊥ ぺ⊥ ∇ろバ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ∩∇ノヨ∠ ∇シや :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ヤん∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゆゲ͡ ∇ッや モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ マ ∠ わ͡ ョｚ ぺ⊥ モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ⊥ん∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∩∠マら⊥ ∇ヤホ∠ モ ∠ ボ∠ ハ ∠ ∩∇モボ͡ ∇ハや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩ゅ⇔わ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヴ∠レよ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩や⇔ケや∠キ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や マ ∃ ヤ͡ョ∠ ∩͡ヮョ͡ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ⇔ャヲ⊥シケ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩⇔るよ∠キ∇ほョ∠ ∩⊥ヮミ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∩∠メヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ィぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥ュゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや ケ⊥ やｚギャや∠ヱ ∩⊥マヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ぶ ⊥ ゅ∠プ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ュゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ マ ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ィぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ギ⊥ ｚヨエ ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠Α モ ∠ ミ∠ ぺ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ «ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ (I have seen in my sleep t hat it was as if Jibril was at my head and Mika'il at my leg. They were saying t o each ot her: ` Give an example for him.' He said: ` List en, your ear may list en. And fat hom, your heart may fat hom. The parable of you and your Ummah is t hat of a king who has built a house on his land. He arranged a banquet in it . Then he sent a messenger t o invit e t he people t o his food. Some accept ed t he invit at ion and ot hers did not . Allah is t he King and t he land is Islam, t he house is Paradise and you Muhammad are t he Messenger. Whosoever responds t o your call ent ers Islam. And whosoever ent ers Islam ent ers Paradise. And whosoever ent ers Paradise eat s from it .) Ibn Jarir recorded t his Hadit h. It was also report ed t hat Abu Ad-Darda' said t hat Allah's Messenger said:

ゅ∠ヰ∇Βら∠ ∇レイ ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ろバ∠ ヤ∠デ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» :リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ボ∠ んｚ ャや ゅｚャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ ぶ ͡ やペ ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠Αキ͡ ゅ∠レΑ⊥ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ムヤ∠ョ∠

ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ モ ｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∩∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ やヲぁヨヤ⊥ワ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ゅ∠Α «ヴ∠ヰ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ん⊥ ミ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ (Two angels descend every day in which t he sun rises and say t hat which all Allah's creat ures would hear except Jinn and humans: ` O people! Come t o your Lord! Anyt hing lit t le and sufficient is bet t er t han a lot but dist ract ive.') And He sent t his down in t he Qur'an when He said:

び͡ュΚ ∠ジ ｚ ャや ケ͡ や∠キ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ ("Allah calls t o t he Abode of Peace''.) Ibn Abi Hat im and Ibn Jarir recorded t his.

ペ ⊥ ワ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀り∠キゅ∠Α͡コ∠ヱ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥レジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあぴ ∇ユワ⊥ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∀るャｚ͡ク Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∀ わ∠ ホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (26. For t hose who have done good is t he best , and even more. Neit her darkness nor dust nor any humiliat ing disgrace shall cover t heir faces. They are t he dwellers of Paradise, t hey will abide t herein forever.)

The Reward of the Good-Doers Allah st at es t hat t hose who do good in t his world -- by having fait h and performing right eous deeds -- will be rewarded wit h a good reward in t he Hereaft er. Allah said:

びリ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ェΗ ͡ やΙ ｚ ま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ジ∇ェΗ ͡ や ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ∇モワ∠ ぴ (Is t here any reward for good ot her t han good)(55:60) Then Allah said:

び∀りキ∠ ゅ∠Αコ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and even more.) t he reward on t he good deeds mult iplied t en t imes t o seven hundred t imes and even more on t op of t hat . This reward includes what Allah will give t hem in Paradise, such as t he palaces, Al-Hur (virgins of Paradise), and His pleasure upon t hem. He will give t hem what He has hidden for t hem of t he delight of t he eye. He will grant t hem on t op of all of t hat and even bet t er, t he honor of looking at His Noble Face. This is t he increase t hat is great er t han anyt hing t hat had been given. They will not deserve t hat because of t heir deeds, but rat her, t hey will receive it by t he grace of Allah and His mercy. The explanat ion t hat t his refers t o looking at Allah's Noble Face was narrat ed from Abu Bakr, Hudhayfah bin Al-Yaman,

` Abdullah bin ` Abbas, Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib, ` Abdur-Rahman bin Abu Layla, ` Abdur-Rahman bin Sabit , Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, ` Amir bin Sa` ad, ` At a', Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, As-Suddi, Muhammad bin Ishaq, and ot hers from t he earlier and lat er scholars. There are many Hadit hs t hat cont ain t he same int erpret at ion. Among t hese Hadit hs is what Imam Ahmad recorded from Suhayb t hat Allah's Messenger recit ed t his Ayah,

び∀りキ∠ ゅ∠Αコ͡ ヱ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥レジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあぴ (For t hose who have done good is t he best and even more.) And t hen he said:

ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ や∠クま͡» や⇔ギハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠Α :キ∃ ゅ∠レョ⊥ ン∠キゅ∠ル ∇モボあ ん∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∨∠ヲワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨミ⊥ ゴ∠ イ ͡ ∇レΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ⊥ Αゲ⊥Α る∠ ⇒⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇ヂΒあ ら∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∨ゅ∠レレ∠ Α͡コや∠ヲョ∠ ∩∠ゆゅ∠イエ ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ブ ⊥ ゼ ͡ ∇ムΒ∠ プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨͡ケゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲイ ͡ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ぶ ͡ やヲ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ヮΒ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ «ユ͡ヰレ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハほ∠ャ͡ ゲｚ ホ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゲ͡ ヌ ∠ レｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ (When t he people of Paradise ent er Paradise, a caller will say: ` O people of Paradise, Allah has promised you somet hing t hat He wishes t o fulfill.' They will reply: ` What is it Has He not made our Scale heavy Has He not made our faces whit e and delivered us from Fire' Allah will t hen remove t he veil and t hey will see Him. By Allah, t hey have not been given anyt hing dearer t o t hem and more delight ful t han looking at Him.) Muslim and a group of Imams also relat ed t his Hadit h. Allah t hen said:

び∀ゲわ∠ ホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ペ ⊥ ワ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Neit her darkness nor dust shall cover t heir faces. ..) meaning, no blackness or darkness will be on t heir faces during t he different event s of t he Day of Judgment . But t he faces of t he rebellious disbelievers will be st ained wit h dust and darkness.

び∀るャｚク͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor any humiliat ing disgrace) meaning, t hey will be covered wit h degradat ion and disgrace. The believers, however will not be humiliat ed int ernally or ext ernally, on t he cont rary, t hey will be prot ect ed and honored. For as Allah has said:

り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ツル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒ｚボャ∠ヱ∠ ュ͡ ヲ∠Β∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゲｚ セ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ホヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケヱ⊥ゲシ ⊥ ヱ∠ l(So Allah saved t hem from t he evil of t hat Day, and gave t hem Nadrah (bright ness) and j oy.) ぴ76:11び meaning, light in t heir faces and delight in t heir heart s. May Allah make us among t hose by His grace and mercy.

ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇んヨ͡ よ͡ る∃ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあジ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ∠ほ∠ミ ユ∃ タ ͡ ゅ∠ハ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚョ ∀るャｚ͡ク ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ⊥ ワ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゅ⇔ヨ͡ヤ∇ヌョ⊥ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔バト ∠ ホ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇ろΒ∠ ゼ ͡ ∇ビぺ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ (27. And t hose who have earned evil deeds, t he recompense of an evil deed is t he like t hereof, and humiliat ing disgrace will cover t hem (t heir faces). No defender will t hey have from Allah. Their faces will be covered as it were wit h pieces from t he darkness of night . They are t he dwellers of t he Fire, t hey will abide t herein forever.)

The Reward of the Wicked Criminals Aft er Allah t old us about t he st at e of t hose happy people who have done right and He promised increase in reward, He cont inued t o t ell us about t he unlucky, miserable ones. He t old us about His j ust ice wit h t hem. He will reward t hem wit h similar evil, wit hout any increase

び∇ユヰ⊥ ボ⊥ ワ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and will cover t hem) meaning t hat t heir faces will be covered and overt aken by humiliat ion because of t heir sins and t heir fear from t hese sins. Similarly Allah said:

びあメグぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡バゼ ͡ ⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ッ∠ゲ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And you will see t hem brought forward t o it , (Hell) made humble by disgrace.)ぴ42:45び He also said:

ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ Κ ⇔ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Β͡バト ͡ ∇ヰョ⊥ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よΕ ∠ や ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゾ ⊥ ガ ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ あカぽ∠ Α⊥ び∇ユヰ͡ シ ͡ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ヴ͡バ͡レ∇ボョ⊥ (Consider not t hat Allah is unaware of t hat which t he wrongdoers do, but He gives t hem respit e up t o a Day when t he eyes will st are in horror. (They will be) hast ening forward wit h necks out st ret ched, t heir heads raised up (t owards t he sky).)ぴ14:42 - 43び Allah t hen said:

び∃ユタ ͡ ゅ∠ハ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚョぴ (No defender will t hey have from Allah.) meaning, t here will be no prot ect ors t o prevent t hem from punishment as Allah said:

- ケ∠ コ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ - ゲぁ ヘ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ び ゲぁ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ (On t hat Day man will say: "Where (is t he refuge) t o flee'' No! There is no refuge! Unt o your Lord (alone) will be t he place of rest t hat Day.)ぴ75:10-12び Allah's st at ement :

び∇ユヰ⊥ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇ろΒ∠ ゼ ͡ ∇ビぺ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ∠ほ∠ミぴ (Their faces will be covered as it were...) means t hat t heir faces will be dark in t he Hereaft er. This is similar t o His st at ement :

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ キぁ ヲ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヂ ぁ Β∠ ∇らゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇れキｚ ヲ∠ ∇シや ∇ろツ ｚ Β∠ ∇よや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヴ͡ヘプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ (On t he Day (t he Day of Resurrect ion) when some faces will become whit e and some faces will become black; as for t hose whose faces will become black (t o t hem will be said): "Did you rej ect fait h aft er accept ing it Then t ast e t he t orment (in Hell) for rej ect ing fait h.'' And for t hose whose faces will become whit e, t hey will be in Allah's mercy (Paradise), t herein t hey shall dwell forever.)ぴ3:106-107び He also said:

- り∀ ゲ∠ ゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジョぁ る∀ ム∠ エ ͡ ⇒∠ッ - り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ジョぁ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ぴ び り∀ ゲ∠ ら∠ ビ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヱ∠ (Some faces t hat Day will be bright , laughing, rej oicing at good news (of Paradise). And ot her faces t hat Day will be dust -st ained. )ぴ80:38-40び

∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボル∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤΑｚ ゴ∠ プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘム∠ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ルゅｚΑま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユワ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ -リ ∠ Β͡ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ピャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱぁキケ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ろヘ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ べｚョ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇らゎ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ (28. And t he Day whereon We shall gat her t hem all t oget her, t hen We shall say t o t hose who did set part ners in worship wit h Us: "St op at your place! You and your part ners.'' Then We shall separat e t hem, and t heir part ners shall say: "It was not us t hat you used t o worship.'') (29. "So sufficient is Allah as a wit ness bet ween us and you t hat we indeed knew not hing of your worship of us.'') (30. There! Every person will know (exact ly) what he had earned before and t hey will be brought back t o Allah, t heir right f ul Mawla (Lord), and t heir invent ed false deit ies will vanish from t hem.)

The gods of the Idolators will claim Innocence from them on the Day of Resurrection Allah said:

び∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he Day whereon We shall gat her t hem) Allah will gat her t oget her all t he creat ures of eart h, human and Jinn, right eous and rebellious. He said in anot her Ayah:

び⇔やギ∠ェぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ケ͡キゅ∠ピル⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲ∠ゼ∠ェ∠ヱぴ (and We shall gat her t hem all t oget her so as t o leave not one of t hem behind.)ぴ18:47び

び∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボル∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen We shall say t o t hose who did associat e part ners: "St op at your place! You and your part ners.'') He t hen will command t he idolat ors t o st ay where t hey are and not t o move from t heir dest ined places so t hey would be separat ed from t he place of t he believers. Similarly, Allah said:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥コゅ∠わ∇ョや∠ヱぴ ((It will be said): "And O you t he criminals! Get you apart t his Day (from t he believers).)(36:59) Allah also said:

びラ ∠ ヲホ⊥ ゲｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And on t he Day when t he Hour will be est ablished - t hat Day shall (all men) be separat ed (t he believers will be separat ed from t he disbelievers). )ぴ30:14び In t he same Surah, ぴAr-Rumび, Allah said:

び∠ラヲ⊥ハギｚ ダ ｚ ∠Α グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t hat Day men shall be divided.) ぴ30:43び means, t hey shall be divided in t wo. This is what will t ake place when Allah Almight y will come for Final Judgement . The believers int ercede t o Allah so t he Final Judgement may come and t hey get rid of t hat st at e. The Prophet said,

«サゅｚレャや ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ュ∃ ヲ⊥ミ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ » (On t he Day of Resurrect ion, we will be in a visible place above t he ぴot herび people.) Allah t ells us here what He is going t o command t he idolat ors and t heir idols t o do on t he Day of Resurrect ion

び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤΑｚ ゴ∠ プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ ぴ ("St op at your place! You and your part ners.'' Then We shall separat e t hem,) and t hat t hey would deny t heir worship and claim t heir innocence from t hem. Similarly, Allah said: `

び∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠らバ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムΒ∠ シ ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay, but t hey will deny t heir worship of t hem.)ぴ19:82び,

び∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎぁ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ぺ∠ゲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ

(When t hose who were followed declare t hemselves innocent of t hose who followed (t hem).)ぴ2:166び, and;

Ι ｚ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リｚヨョ͡ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ハキ⊥ リ∠ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ⊥ Β͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ び⇔￢へ∠ギ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ゼ ͡ェ ⊥ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ (And who is more ast ray t han one who calls on (invokes) besides Allah, such as will not answer him t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion, and who are (even) unaware of t heir calls (invocat ions) t o t hem And when mankind are gat hered (on t he Day of Resurrect ion), t hey (false deit ies) will become t heir enemies)ぴ46:5-6び. This refers t o t he part ners responding t o t hose who worshipped t hem, Then Allah said:

び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘム∠ プ∠ ぴ (So sufficient is Allah as a wit ness bet ween us and you.) They say t hat we did not know or t hink t hat you were worshipping us. Allah is a Wit ness bet ween us and you t hat we never called upon you t o worship us. We never ordered you t o worship us; neit her did we accept your worship of us. Allah said:

び∇ろヘ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ べｚョ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇らゎ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ ぴ (There! Every person will know (exact ly) what he had earned before) This will be t he st at e of account ing on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Every soul shall know all t hat it had sent fort h, bot h good and evil. Similarly, Allah said:

び ゲ⊥ も͡ へ∠ゲジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤ∇らゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day when all t he secret s will be examined.)ぴ86:9び,

び ゲ∠ カ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ グ͡ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ほ⊥ｚらレ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (On t hat Day man will be informed of what he sent forward (of deeds), and what he left behind.)ぴ75:13び, and

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガル⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ボ͡ レ⊥ ハ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠デ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ョゴ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ リ ∃ ⇒∠ジ∇ルま͡ ｚモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ マ ∠ ら∠ ⇒∠わミ∠ ∇ぺゲ∠ ∇ホや - や⇔ケヲ⊥ゼ∇レョ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ボ∇ヤΑ∠ ゅ⇔よゅ∠わミ͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ び ゅ⇔らΒ͡ジェ ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ よ͡ (. ..and on t he Day of Resurrect ion, We shall bring out for him a book which he will find wide open. (It will be said t o him): "Read your book. You yourself are sufficient as a reckoner against you t his Day.'') ぴ17:13-14び Then Allah said,

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱぁキケ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey will be brought back t o Allah, t heir right ful Mawla.) All affairs and mat t ers will be brought back t o Allah, t he Judge, t he All-Just . He will j udge everyone, and t hen admit t he people of Paradise in Paradise and t he people of Hell t o Hell.

びユ⊥ヰ∇レハ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and will vanish from t hem) meaning what t he idolat ors worshipped,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョぴ (what t hey invent ed) what t hey worshipped besides Allah t hat t hey invent ed.

マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ リｚョぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲ∠Α リ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ろ ͡ Βあ ヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ やヱ ノ∠ ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ゲ⊥ あよギ∠ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ Βあ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡グ∠ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ヴｚルほ∠プ∠ メ ⊥Κ ∠ ｚツャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ や∠クゅ∠ヨプ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲ∠ ∇ダゎ⊥ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボジ ∠ プ∠

(31. Say: "Who provides for you from t he sky and t he eart h Or who owns hearing and sight And who brings out t he living from t he dead and brings out t he dead from t he living And who disposes of t he affairs'' They will say: "Allah.'' Say: "Will you not t hen be afraid (of Allah's punishment )'') (32. Such is Allah, your Lord in t rut h. So aft er t he t rut h, what else can t here be, save error How t hen are you t urned away) (33. Thus is t he Word of your Lord j ust ified against t hose who rebel (disobey Allah), t hat t hey will not believe.)

The Idolators recognize Allah's Tawhid in Lordship and the Evidence is established against Them through this Recognition. Allah argues t hat t he idolat ors' recognit ion of Allah's Oneness in Lordship is an evidence against t hem, for which t hey should admit and recognize t he Oneness in divinit y and worship. So Allah said:

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲ∠Α リ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Who provides for you from t he sky and t he eart h'') meaning, who is He Who sends down wat er from t he sky and split s t he eart h wit h His power and will and allows t hings t o grow from it ,

び͡ぶや ノ∠ ョｚ ∀ヮ⇒ャ͡￢ぺ∠ぴ (Is t here a god, besides Allah) ぴ27:62び ぴWho provides;び

⇔ゅルヲ⊥わ∇Α∠コ∠ヱ - ゅ⇔ら∇ツホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ら∠レハ ͡ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ら∂ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇わ∠らル∠ほ∠プぴ び ゅ⇔よ∂ ぺ∠ヱ∠ る⇔ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠プヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ら∇ヤビ ⊥ ペ ∠ も͡ へギ∠ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ - Κ ⇔ ∇ガル∠ ヱ∠ (Grains. And grapes and clover plant s. And olives and dat e palms. And gardens dense wit h many t rees. And fruit s and herbage.)''ぴ80:27-31び

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (They will say: "Allah.'')

び⊥ヮホ∠ ∇コケ͡ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇リョｚ ぺ∠ぴ ("Who is he t hat can provide for you if He should wit hhold His provision) ぴ67:21び Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ゲ⇒∠ダ∇よｘΙやヱ ノ∠ ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ リｚョぺ∠ぴ

(Or who owns hearing and sight ) means t hat Allah is t he One who grant ed you t he power of sight and hearing. If He willed ot herwise, He would remove t hese gift s and deprive you of t hem. Similarly, Allah said:

ノ∠ ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び∠ゲ⇒∠ダ∇よｘΙや∠ヱ (Say it is He Who has creat ed you, and endowed you wit h hearing and seeing.) ぴ67:23び Allah also said:

び∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ∇ヨシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Tell me, if Allah t ook away your hearing and your sight .)ぴ6:46び Then Allah said:

ろ ∠ Βあ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ Βあヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びあヴエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ (And who brings out t he living from t he dead and brings out t he dead from t he living) by His great power and grace.

び∠ゲ∇ョΙ ｘ や ゲ⊥ あよギ∠ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And who disposes of t he affairs) In Whose Hand is t he dominion of everyt hing Who prot ect s all, while against Whom t here is no prot ect or Who is t he One who j udges wit h none reversing His j udgement Who is t he One t hat is not quest ioned about what He does while t hey will be quest ioned

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚモミ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ほ∠∇ジΑ∠ ぴ びラ ∃ ∇ほセ ∠ ヴ͡プ (Whosoever is in t he heavens and on eart h begs of Him. Every day He is (engaged) in some affair!)ぴ55:29び The upper and lower kingdoms and what is in t hem bot h, including t he angels, humans, and Jinn are in desperat e need of Him. They are His servant s and are under His cont rol.

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (They will say: "Allah.'') t hey say t his knowingly and t hey admit it .

び∠ラヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (Say: ` Will you not t hen be afraid (of Allah's punishment )'') meaning, don't you fear Him when you worship ot hers because of your ignorance and false opinions Allah t hen said:

びぁペエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡グ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Such is Allah, your Lord in t rut h.) This Lord t hat you admit t ed is t he One Who does all t his, is your Lord and t he True Deit y t hat deserves t o be worshipped alone.

び⊥メΚ ∠ツ ｚ ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ や∠クゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (So aft er t he t rut h, what else can t here be, save error) any one worshipped ot her t han Him is false, for t here is no God but Allah, He Has no part ners.

び∠ラヲ⊥プゲ∠ ∇ダゎ⊥ ヴｚルほ∠ プ∠ ぴ (How t hen are you t urned away) How t hen can you t urn away from His worship t o worship ot hers while you know t hat He is t he Lord t hat has creat ed everyt hing, t he One who cont rols and governs everyt hing Allah t hen said:

び∇やヲ⊥ボジ ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Thus is t he Word of your Lord j ust ified against t hose who rebel,) These idolat ors disbelieved and cont inued t o pract ice t heir Shirk, and worship ot hers beside Allah. But t hey knew t hat He is t he Creat or, t he Sust ainer and t he only One of aut horit y and cont rol in t his universe, t he One Who sent His Messengers t o single Him out for all worship. As t hey disbelieved and were persist ent in t heir Shirk, Allah's Word proved t rue and was j ust ified t hat t hey would be miserable inhabit ant s of t he Fire. Allah said:

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ ∇リム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ び∠リΑ͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (They will say: "Yes,'' but t he Word of t orment has been j ust ified against t he disbelievers!) ぴ39:71び

モ ͡ ホ⊥ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ぺ⊥ギ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リｚョ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ リ͡ョ ∇モワ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ∇モワ∠ ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムプ∠ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヴｚルほ∠プ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ぺ⊥ギ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや

ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ リｚョ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ リ͡ョ Ι ｚ リｚョぺ∠ ノ∠ ら∠ わｚ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ペ ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ リ∠ヨ∠プ∠ぺ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ∇エゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ン∠ギ∇ヰΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ンあギヰ͡ Α∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ｚヌ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま∠ ゅ６レ∠ニ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ノ⊥ ら͡ わｚ Α∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ユΒ∠ヤ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ (34. Say: "Is t here of your part ners one t hat originat es t he creat ion and t hen repeat s it '' Say: "Allah originat es t he creat ion and t hen He repeat s it . Then how are you deluded away (from t he t rut h)'') (35. Say: "Is t here of your part ners one t hat guides t o t he t rut h'' Say: "It is Allah Who guides t o t he t rut h. Is t hen He Who guides t o t he t rut h more wort hy t o be followed, or he who finds not guidance (himself) unless he is guided Then, what is t he mat t er wit h you How j udge you'') (36. And most of t hem follow not hing but conj ect ure. Cert ainly, conj ect ure can be of no avail against t he t rut h. Surely, Allah is All-Aware of what t hey do.)

This invalidates and falsifies their claims for committing Shirk with Allah and worshipping different idols and rivals.

び⊥ロギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ぺ⊥ギ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リｚョ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ リ͡ョ ∇モワ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Is t here of your part ners one t hat originat es t he creat ion and t hen repeat s it '') meaning, who is t he one who st art ed t he creat ion of t hese heavens and eart h and creat ed all t he creat ures in t hem Who can place t he planet s and t he st ars in t heir posit ions Who can t hen repeat t he process of t he creat ion

び⊥ヮヤｚャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Allah'') It is He Who does t his. He does it by Himself, alone wit hout part ners.

び∠ラヲ⊥ムプ∠ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヴｚルほ∠プ∠ ぴ ("Then how are you deluded away (from t he t rut h)'') How is it t hat you are so misled from t he right pat h t o falsehood

モ ͡ ホ⊥ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ リｚョ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ リ͡ョ ∇モワ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びあペエ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (Say: "Is t here of your part ners one t hat guides t o t he t rut h'' Say: " It is Allah who guides t o t he t rut h. .''.) You know t hat your deit ies are incapable of guiding t hose who are ast ray. It is Allah alone Who guides t he misled and confused ones and t urns t he heart s from t he wrong pat h t o t he right pat h. It is Allah, none has t he right t o be worshipped but He.

Ι ｚ リｚョぺ∠ ノ∠ ら∠ わｚ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ペ ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びン∠ギ∇ヰΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ンあギ͡ヰΑ∠ (Is t hen He Who guides t o t he t rut h more wort hy t o be followed, or he who finds not guidance (himself) unless he is guided) Will t he servant t hen follow t he one who guides t o t he t rut h so t hat he may see aft er he was blind, or follow one who doesn't guide t o anyt hing except t owards blindness and mut eness Allah said t hat Ibrahim said:

ヴ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ダ ͡ ∇らΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Αぴ び⇔ゅゃ∇Βセ ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ハ (O my fat her! Why do you worship t hat which hears not , sees not and cannot avail you in anyt hing) ぴ19:42び And said t o his people

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わエ ͡ ∇レゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ (Worship you t hat which you (yourselves) carve While Allah has creat ed you and what you make!) ぴ37: 95-96び Also, t here are many Ayat in t his regard. Allah t hen said:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ∇エゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (Then, what is t he mat t er wit h you How j udge you) What is t he mat t er wit h you What has happened t o your mind How did you make Allah's creat ures equal t o Him What kind of j udgement did you make t o t urn away from Allah and worship t his or t hat Why did you not worship t he Lord -- Glorified be He, t he True King, t he Judge and t he One Who guides t o t he t rut h Why didn't you call upon Him alone and t urn t owards Him Allah t hen explained t hat t hey did not follow t heir own religion out of evidence and proof. The fact is t hat t hey were following mere conj ect ure and imaginat ion. But conj ect ure is in no way a subst it ut e for t he t rut h. At t he end of t his Ayah. He said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ユΒ∠ヤ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Allah is All-Aware of what t hey do.) This is bot h a t hreat and a promise of severe punishment . Allah said t hat He would reward t hem for t heir act ions wit h a complet e reward.

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ラ ⊥ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ Β͡ダ∇ヘゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ン͡グャｚや ペ ∠ Α͡ギ∇ダゎ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケｚ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョあ り∃ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ジよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ∇モよ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥トΒ͡エΑ⊥ ∠リΒ͡ヨ͡ヤ⇒ｚヌャや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ͡ョヱ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ (37. And t his Qur'an is not such as could ever be produced by ot her t han Allah but it is a confirmat ion of (t he revelat ion) which was before it , and a full explanat ion of t he Book -wherein t here is no doubt -- from t he Lord of all t hat exist s.) (38. Or do t hey say: "He has forged it '' Say: "Bring t hen a Surah like unt o it , and call upon whomsoever you can besides Allah, if you are t rut hful!'') (39. Nay, t hey have belied t he knowledge whereof t hey could not comprehend and what has not yet been fulfilled. Thus t hose before t hem did belie. Then see what was t he end of t he wrongdoers!) (40. And of t hem t here are some who believe t herein; and of t hem t here are some who believe not t herein, and your Lord is All-Aware of t he mischief-makers.)

The Qur'an is the True, Inimitable Word of Allah and It is a Miracle The Qur'an has a miraculous nat ure t hat cannot be imit at ed. No one can produce anyt hing similar t o t he Qur'an, nor t en Surahs or even one Surah like it . The eloquence, clarit y, precision and grace of t he Qur'an cannot be but from Allah. The great and abundant principles and meanings wit hin t he Qur'an -- which are of great benefit in t his world and for t he Hereaft er -cannot be but from Allah. There is not hing like His High Self and At t ribut es or like His sayings and act ions. Therefore His Words are not like t he words of His creat ures. This is why Allah said:

び͡ヮヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ラ ⊥ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t his Qur'an is not such as could ever be produced by ot her t han Allah) meaning, a book like t his cannot be but from Allah. This is not similar t o t he speech ut t ered by humans.

び͡ヮ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ン͡グャｚや ペ ∠ Α͡ギ∇ダゎ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but it is a confirmat ion of (t he revelat ion) which was before it ,) Such as previous revelat ions and Books. The Qur'an confirms t hese books and is a wit ness t o t hem. It shows t he changes, perversions and corrupt ion t hat have t aken place wit hin t hese Books. Then Allah said,

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ∠⇒バ∠ ∇ャや ゆ あ ケｚ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∠モΒ͡ダ∇ヘ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ (and a full explanat ion of t he Book -- wherein t here is no doubt -- from t he Lord of all t hat exist s.) That is, fully and t ruly explaining and det ailing t he rules and t he lawful and t he unlawful. Wit h t his complet e and more t han suff icient explanat ion, t he Qur'an leaves no doubt t hat it is from Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s. Allah says,

∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョあ り∃ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ジよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ロ⊥ や∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ (Or do t hey say: "He has forged it '' Say: "Bring t hen a Surah like unt o it , and call upon whomsoever you can besides Allah, if you are t rut hful!'') If you argue, claim and doubt whet her t his is from Allah t hen you ut t ered a lie and blasphemy, and you say it is from Muhammad -Muhammad , however is a man like you, and since he came as you claim wit h t his Qur'an -- t hen you produce a Surah like one of it s Surahs. Produce somet hing of t he same nat ure and seek help and support wit h all t he power you have from humans and Jinns. This is t he t hird st age, Allah challenged t hem and called t hem t o produce a count erpart of t he Qur'an if t hey were t rut hful in t heir claim t hat it was simply from Muhammad . Allah even suggest ed t hat t hey seek help from anyone t hey chose. But He t old t hem t hat t hey would not be able t o do it . They would have no way of doing so. Allah said:

∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ぁイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ⊥ ル͡Ηや ろ ͡ バ∠ ヨ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや リ ͡ ゃ͡ ャｚ モ⊥ホぴ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んヨ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ モ ͡ ∇んヨ͡ よ͡ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ヰニ ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ (Say: "If t he mankind and t he Jinn were t oget her t o produce t he like of t his Qur'an, t hey could not produce t he like t hereof, even if t hey helped one anot her.'') ぴ17:88び Then He reduced t he number for t hem t o t en Surahs similar t o it , in t he beginning of Surah Hud, Allah said:

ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョあ ケ∃ ヲ∠ シ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ゼバ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ロ⊥ や∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや∠ヱ れ ∃ ゅ∠Αゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ヘョ⊥ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ (Or t hey say, "He forged it .'' Say: "Bring you t hen t en forged Surah like unt o it , and call whomsoever you can, ot her t han Allah, if you speak t he t rut h!'')ぴ11:13び In t his Surah He went even furt her t o challenge t hem t o produce only one Surah like unt o t he Qur'an. So He said:

∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョあ り∃ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ジよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ロ⊥ や∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ (Or do t hey say: "He has forged it '' Say: "Bring t hen a Surah like unt o it , and call upon whomsoever you can besides Allah, if you are t rut hful!'') ぴ10:38び He also challenged t hem in Surat Al-Baqarah, a Madinit e Surah, t o produce one Surah similar t o it . He st at ed in t hat Surah t hat t hey would never be capable of doing so, saying:

び∠ケゅｚレャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (But if you do it not , and you can never do it , t hen fear t he Fire (Hell).)ぴ2:24び It should be not ed here t hat eloquence was a part of t he nat ure and charact er of t he Arabs. Arabic poet ry including Al-Mu` allaqat -- t he oldest complet e collect ion of t he most eloquent ancient Arabic poems -- was considered t o be t he best in t he lit erary art s. However Allah sent down t o t hem somet hing whose st yle none were familiar wit h, and no one is equal in st at ure t o imit at e. So t hose who believed among t hem, believed because of what t hey knew and felt in t he Book, including it s beaut y, elegance, benefit , and fluency. They became t he most knowledgeable of t he Qur'an and it s best in adhering t o it . The same t hing happened t o t he magicians during Fir` awn's t ime. They were knowledgeable of t he art s of sorcery, however, when Musa performed his miracles, t hey knew t hat it must have come t hrough someone t hat was support ed and guided by Allah. They knew t hat no human could perform such act s wit hout t he permission of Allah. Similarly, ` Isa was sent at t he t ime of scholarly medicine and during t he advancement in t he t reat ment of pat ient s. He healed t he blind, lepers and raised t he dead t o life by Allah's leave. What ` Isa was able t o do was such t hat no form of t reat ment or medicine could reproduce. As a result , t hose who believed in him knew t hat he was Allah's servant and His Messenger. Similarly, in t he Sahih, Allah's Messenger said,

れ ͡ ゅ∠Αべ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヶ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ￢͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヶ ∠ ら͡ ル∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» ヮ⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ ヵ͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ゲゼ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ へ ゅ∠ョ

∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ヶ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ぶ ⊥ や ロ⊥ ゅ∠ェ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔Β∇ェ∠ヱ «ゅ⇔バ͡よゅ∠ゎ (There was never a Prophet but he was given signs by which t he people would recognize him, and t hat which I was given is revelat ion t hat Allah revealed, so I hope t hat I will have t he most followers among t hem.) Allah t hen said:

∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅヨｚ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥トΒ͡エΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ び⊥ヮヤ⊥Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ (Nay, t hey have belied t he knowledge whereof t hey could not comprehend and what has not yet been fulfilled. ) They did not believe in t he Qur'an and t hey have not yet grasped it or comprehended it .

び⊥ヮヤ⊥Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And what has not yet been fulfilled.) They have not at t ained t he guidance and t he t rue religion. So t hey belied it out of ignorance and foolishness.

び∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Those before t hem did belie.) meaning, t he past nat ions,

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プぴ (Then see what was t he end of t he wrongdoers!) Look at how we Dest royed t hem because t hey denied Our Messengers in t heir wickedness, pride, st ubbornness and ignorance. So beware you who deny t he message t hat t he same end will befall you. Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ヮよ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (And of t hem t here are some who believe t herein;) means t hat among t hose you were sent t o, O Muhammad, are people who will believe in t his Qur'an, follow you and benefit from what has been sent t o you.

び͡ヮよ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and of t hem t here are some who believe not t herein,) but dies as a disbeliever and will be resurrect ed as such.

び∠リΑ͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And your Lord is All-Aware of t he mischief makers. ) He best knows t hose who deserve guidance, so He guides t hem, and t hose who deserve t o go ast ray, He allows t o go ast ray. Allah is, however, t he Just who is never unj ust . He gives everyone what t hey deserve. All Glory is His, t he Exalt ed. There is no God but He.

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∠ヨ∠ハ ヴあャ モ⊥ボプ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ べｚヨョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゃΑ͡ゲよ∠ ユｚ ダ ぁ ャや ノ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ジゎ⊥ ろ ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∠ラヲ⊥バ͡ヨ∠わ∇ジ∠Α リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ レ∠Α リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ͡ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ ∠ ∇ヨバ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰゎ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルほ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ (41. And if t hey belie you, say: "For me are my deeds and for you are your deeds! You are innocent of what I do, and I am innocent of what you do!'') (42. And among t hem are some who list en t o you, but can you make t he deaf t o hear -- even t hough t hey apprehend not ) (43. And among t hem are some who look at you, but can you guide t he blind -- even t hough t hey see not ) (44. Truly, Allah wrongs not mankind in aught ; but mankind wrong t hemselves.)

The Command to be Free and Clear from the Idolators Allah said t o His Prophet : ` If t hese idolat ors belie you, t hen be clear from t hem and t heir deeds.'

び∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∠ヨ∠ハ ヴあャ モ⊥ボプ∠ ぴ (Say: "For me are my deeds and for you are your deeds!'') Similarly, Allah said:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ Ι ∠ -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "O you disbelievers! I worship not t hat which you worship.'')ぴ109:1-2び t o t he end of t he Surah. Ibrahim Al-Khalil (t he Friend) and his followers said t o t he idolat ors among t heir people:

び͡ヮヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ∇やぼへ￢∠ゲよ⊥ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, we are free from you and what ever you worship besides Allah) ぴ60:4び Allah t hen said:

び∠マ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∠ラヲ⊥バ͡ヨ∠わ∇ジ∠Α リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And among t hem are some who list en t o you,) They list en t o your beaut iful t alk and t o t he Glorious Qur'an. They list en t o your t rut hful, eloquent and aut hent ic Hadit hs t hat are useful t o t he heart s, t he bodies and t heir fait h. This is indeed a great benefit and is sufficient . But guiding t he people t o t he t rut h is not up t o you or t o t hem. You cannot make t he deaf hear. Therefore you cannot guide t hese people except if Allah wishes. Y

び∠マ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ レ∠Α リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (And among t hem are some who look at you, ) They look at you and at what Allah has given you in t erms of dignit y, noble personalit y and great conduct . There is in all of t his clear evidence of your prophet hood t o t hose who have reason and insight . Ot her people also look but t hey do not receive guidance like t hem. Believers look at you wit h respect and dignit y while disbelievers regard you wit h cont empt .

び⇔やヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ͡ま ポ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t hey see you, t hey t reat you only in mockery.)ぴ25:41び Then Allah announces t hat He is never unj ust wit h anyone. He guides whomever He wills and opens t he eyes of t he blind, makes t he deaf hear and removes neglect from t he heart s. At t he same t ime He let s ot hers go ast ray, moving away from fait h. He does all of t hat yet He is always Just , for He is t he Ruler and has full aut horit y over His kingdom. He does what ever He wills wit hout any rest rict ions. No one can quest ion Him as t o what He does while he will quest ion everyone else. He is Omniscient , All-Wise, and All-Just . So Allah said:

∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ (Truly, Allah wrongs not mankind in aught ; but mankind wrong t hemselves.) In t he Hadit h narrat ed by Abu Dharr, he st at es t hat t he Prophet relat ed t hat His Lord, Exalt ed and High is He, said:

ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ∠ ∇ヤヌ ぁ ャや ろ ⊥ ∇ョｚゲェ ∠ ヶあルま͡ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅ∠Α» «やヲ⊥ヨャ∠ゅ∠ヌゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ゅ⇔ョゲｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠

I have prohibited !O My servant) oppression for Myself and made it prohibited for you, so do not Until He (...oppress one another ゅ∠Α :said at the end of the Hadith ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プヱ⊥ぺ ｚユを⊥ ∩∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ダ∇ェぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ぶや ギ͡ ヨ∠ ∇エΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワゅｚΑま͡ «ヮ∠ジ∇ヘ∠ル ゅｚャま͡ リ ｚ ョ∠ ヲ⊥ヤΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ (O My servant s! It is but your deeds t hat I reckon for you and t hen recompense you for. So let him who finds good (in t he Hereaft er) praise Allah. And let him who finds ot her t han t hat blame no one but himself.) The complet e version was recorded by Muslim.

リ ∠ ョあ る⇔ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ん∠ら∇ヤ∠Α ∇ユャｚ ラ∠ほミ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ジ ͡カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プケ∠ ゅ∠バわ∠ Α∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや びリ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇ヰョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ￢͡ べ∠ボヤ͡よ͡ (45. And on t he Day when He shall gat her t hem t oget her, (it will be) as if t hey had not st ayed (in t he life of t his world and graves) but an hour of a day. They will recognize each ot her. Ruined indeed will be t hose who denied t he meet ing wit h Allah and were not guided.)

The Feeling of Brevity toward the Worldly Life at the Gathering on the Day of Resurrection To remind people of t he est ablishment of t he Hour and t heir resurrect ion from t heir graves t o t he gat hering for t he Day of Judgment , Allah says:

び∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And on t he Day when He shall gat her (resurrect ) t hem.) Similarly Allah said:

る⇔ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ん∠ら∇ヤ∠Α ∇ユャ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ぴ び∃ケゅ∠ヰルｚ リあョ (On t he Day when t hey will see t hat (t orment ) wit h which t hey are promised (t hreat ened, it will be) as if t hey had not st ayed more t han an hour in a single day.)ぴ46:35び Allah also said:

ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠エッ ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ Βｚ ゼ ͡ハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ん∠ら∇ヤ∠Α ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ぴ び (The Day t hey see it , (it will be) as if t hey had not t arried (in t his world) except an aft ernoon or a morning.) ぴ79:46び

グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ヲぁダャや ヴ͡プ オ ⊥ ヘ∠ レ⊥Α ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ リ ⊥ ∇エｚル - ⇔やゲ∇ゼ∠ハ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャｚ ラ͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わヘ∠ ⇒∠ガわ∠ Α∠ - ゅ⇔ホ∇ケコ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャｚ ラ͡ま る⇔ ボ∠ Α͡ゲデ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ∇ョぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇クま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ び ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ (The Day when t he Trumpet will be blown (t he second blowing): t hat Day, We shall gat her t he criminals, blue eyed. They will speak in a very low voice t o each ot her (saying): "You st ayed not longer t han t en (days).'' We know very well what t hey will say, when t he best among t hem in knowledge and wisdom will say: "You st ayed no longer t han a day!'') ぴ20:102-104び and,

∇やヲ⊥んら͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ボΑ⊥ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∃る∠ハゅ∠シ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ (And on t he Day t hat t he Hour will be est ablished, t he criminals will swear t hat t hey st ayed not but an hour.)ぴ30:55び These all are evidence of t he brevit y of t he worldly life compared t o t he Hereaft er. Allah said:

ゅ∠レ∇んら͡ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡レシ ͡ キ∠ ギ∠ ハ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャ∠ ∇ユミ∠ モ ∠ ⇒∠ホぴ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャｚ ラ͡ま メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Αあキべ∠バ∇ャや メ ͡ ほ∠∇シゅ∠プ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャｚ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ (He (Allah) will say: "What number of years did you st ay on eart h'' They will say: "We st ayed a day or part of a day. Ask of t hose who keep account .'' He (Allah) will say: "You st ayed not but a lit t le, if you had only known!'') ぴ23:112-124び Allah t hen said:

び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プケ∠ ゅ∠バわ∠ Α∠ ぴ (They will recognize each ot her) The children will know t heir parent s and relat ives will recognize one anot her. They will know t hem j ust like t hey used t o know t hem during t he life in t his world. However, on t hat Day everyone will be busy wit h himself. Allah t hen said:

び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠ジル∠ぺ Κ ∠ プ∠ ケ͡ ヲぁダャや ヴ͡プ オ ∠ ヘ͡ ル⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (Then, when t he Trumpet is blown, t here will be no kinship among t hem.)ぴ23:101び Allah also said:

び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヨェ ∠ モ ⊥ ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And no friend will ask a friend (about his condit ion).)ぴ70:10び Allah t hen said:

∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ￢͡ べ∠ボヤ͡よ͡ ∇やヲよ⊥ ｚグミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ジ ͡カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ び∠リΑ͡ギわ∠ ∇ヰョ⊥ (Ruined indeed will be t hose who denied t he meet ing wit h Allah and were not guided.) This is similar t o t he Ayah:

びリ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱぴ (Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers.)ぴ77:15び Woe t o t hem because t hey will lose t hemselves and t heir families on t he Day of Resurrect ion. That is indeed t he great loss. There is no loss great er t han t he loss of one who will be t aken away from his dear ones on t he Day of Grief and Regret .

ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠み͡プ∠ マ ∠ レｚ Β∠ プｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ ル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ ル∠ ン͡グャｚや ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ マ ∠ レｚ Α∠ ゲ͡ ル⊥ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ ぴ モ あ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シケｚ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ (46. Whet her We show you some of what We promise t hem (t he t orment ), or We cause you t o die -- st ill unt o Us is t heir ret urn, and moreover Allah is Wit ness over what t hey used t o do.) (47. And for every Ummah t here is a Messenger; when t heir Messenger comes, t he mat t er will be j udged bet ween t hem wit h j ust ice, and t hey will not be wronged.)

The Criminals will certainly be avenged -- whether in This World or in the Hereafter Allah said t o His Messenger :

び∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ ル∠ ン͡グャｚや ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ マ ∠ レｚ Α∠ ゲ͡ ル⊥ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (Whet her We show you some of what We promise t hem (t he t orment ),) We shall avenge t hem in your lifet ime so your eye will be delight ed.

び∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠み͡プ∠ マ ∠ レｚ Β∠ プｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ ル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or We cause you t o die -- st ill unt o Us is t heir ret urn,) Allah will t hen be t he Wit ness wat ching over t heir act ions for you. Allah t hen said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シケｚ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ モ あ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And for every Ummah t here is a Messenger; when t heir Messenger comes,) Muj ahid said: "This will be on t he Day of Resurrect ion.

び͡テ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ (t he mat t er will be j udged bet ween t hem wit h j ust ice,) is similar t o t he Ayah:

びゅ∠ヰよあ ケ∠ ケ͡ ヲ⊥レよ͡ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやろ ͡ ホ∠ ゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(And t he eart h will shine wit h t he light of it s Lord (Allah),) ぴ39:69び So every nat ion will be present ed before Allah in t he presence of it s Messenger and t he Book of it s deeds. All good and evil deeds will be wit nessed upon t hem. Their guardian angels will be wit nesses t oo. The nat ions will be brought fort h, one by one. Our noble Ummah, while it is t he last of t he nat ions, is t he first one on t he Day of Resurrect ion t o be quest ioned and j udged. This was st at ed by Allah's Messenger in a Hadit h recorded by bot h Al-Bukhari and Muslim. Allah's Messenger said:

ヶ ぁツ ͡ ∇ボヨ∠ ∇ャや ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボよ͡ ゅｚジャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ͡ べ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ » «ペ͡もゅ∠ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ (We are t he last , t he first on t he Day of Resurrect ion. We will be j udged before t he rest of t he creat ures.) His Ummah at t ains t he honor of precedence only by t he honor of it s Messenger , may Allah's peace and blesings be upon him forever, unt il t he Day of Judgement .

-リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ギ⊥ ∇ハヲ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠わョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔バ∇ヘル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や６ゲッ ∠ ヴ͡ジ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ョぺ∠ Ι ｚ モ⊥ホ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ͡ ∇ほわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ モ ∀ィ ∠ ぺ∠ る∃ ｚョぺ⊥ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ゎぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ - ∠ラヲ⊥ョ͡ギ∇ボ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ⊥イ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ や∠クゅｚョ や⇔ケゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ゎゅ∠Βよ∠ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ∇ャへ∠￢ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レョ∠ や∠￢ ノ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ や∠クま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥ク ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ モ ∠ Β͡ホ ｚユを⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヤガ ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ (48. And t hey say: "When will be t his promise (t he t orment or t he Day of Resurrect ion), if you speak t he t rut h'') (49. Say: "I have no power over any harm or profit for myself except what Allah may will. For every Ummah, t here is a t erm appoint ed; when t heir t erm comes, neit her can t hey delay it nor can t hey advance it an hour (or a moment ).'') (50. Say: "Tell me, if His t orment should come t o you by night or by day, which port ion t hereof would t he criminals hast en on'') (51. Is it t hen t hat when it has act ually befallen, you will believe in it What ! Now (you believe) And you used (aforet ime) t o hast en it on!'') (52. Then it will be said t o t hem who wronged t hemselves: "Tast e you t he everlast ing t orment ! Are you recompensed (aught ) save what you used t o earn'')

The Deniers of the Day of Resurrection wish to hasten its Coming and their Response Allah t old us about t he idolat ors who rej ect fait h t hrough t heir demand t hat t he punishment be hast ened, inquiring about t he t ime of punishment . The response t o such quest ion is not inherent ly beneficial, yet t hey inquired anyway. Allah said:

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰよ͡ モ ⊥イ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ぴ びぁペエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ (Those who believe not t herein seek t o hast en it , while t hose who believe are fearful of it , and know t hat it is t he very t rut h.) ぴ42:18び They know t hat it is t he t rut h for it is definit ely going t o happen. It is going t o t ake place even if t hey have no idea when it will occur. This is why Allah inst ruct ed His Messenger t o answer t hem saying:

びゅ⇔バ∇ヘル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や６ゲッ ∠ ヴ͡ジ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ョぺ∠ Ι ｚ モ⊥ホぴ (Say: "I have no power over any harm or profit t o myself.'') ぴ10:49, 7:188び I will not say except what He has t aught me. I also have no aut horit y over anyt hing t hat Allah has not shown t o me. I am Allah's servant and His Messenger t o you. I was t old t hat t he Hour is going t o come, but He has not t old me when it will occur. But ,

び∀モィ ∠ ぺ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモム⊥ ャ͡ぴ (For every Ummah, t here is a t erm appoint ed;) meaning t hat for every generat ion or communit y t here is a set t erm appoint ed for t hem. When t he end of t hat t erm approaches,

び∠ラヲ⊥ョギ͡ ∇ボわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ͡ ∇ほわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (neit her can t hey delay it nor can t hey advance it an hour (or a moment ). ) This is similar t o what Allah said in anot her Ayah:

びべ∠ヰヤ⊥ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べィ ∠ や∠クま͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ カ あ ぽ∠ Α⊥ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah grant s respit e t o none when his appoint ed t ime (deat h) comes.) ぴ63:11び Allah inst ruct ed His Messenger t o t ell t he people t hat His punishment would come suddenly. He said:

や∠クゅｚョ や⇔ケゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ゎゅ∠Βよ∠ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ゎぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レョ∠ や∠￢ ノ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ や∠クま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ⊥イ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ∇ャへ∠￢ ヮ͡ よ͡ (Say: "Tell me, if His t orment should come t o you by night or by day, which port ion t hereof would t he criminals hast en on Is it t hen t hat when it has act ually befallen, you will believe in it What ! Now (you believe) And you used (aforet ime) t o hast en it on!'') When t he punishment befalls t hem, t hey will say:

びゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲダ ∠ ∇よぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ ("Our Lord! We have now seen and heard.'') (32:12) Allah also said:

ゅ∠ル∇ゲヘ∠ ⇒∠ミヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠レシ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ゅｚヨャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α マ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ヴ͡プ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ レｚ シ ⊥ ゅ∠レシ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ ゲ∠ ジ ͡カ ∠ ヱ∠ (So when t hey saw Our punishment , t hey said: "We believe in Allah alone and rej ect (all) t hat we used t o associat e wit h Him as (His) part ners. Then t heir fait h could not avail t hem when t hey saw Our punishment . (Like) t his has been t he way of Allah in dealing wit h His servant s. And t here t he disbelievers lost ut t erly (when Our t orment covered t hem).'')ぴ40:84-85び

び͡ギ∇ヤガ ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥ク ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ モ ∠ Β͡ホ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then it will be said t o t hem who wronged t hemselves: "Tast e you t he everlast ing t orment !'') This will be said t o t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion, blaming and rebuking t hem. As Allah said in anot her Ayah:

ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ - ゅ６ハキ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ル ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲぁハギ∠ Α⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ュぺ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゲ∀ ∇エジ ͡ プ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヴ͡わャｚや

∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ダゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プ ゅ∠ワ∇ヲヤ∠∇タや - ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ダ∇らゎ⊥ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シ (The Day when t hey will be pushed down by force t o t he fire of Hell, wit h a horrible, forceful pushing. This is t he Fire t hat you used t o belie. Is t his magic or do you not see Tast e you t herein it s heat and whet her you are pat ient of it or impat ient of it , it is all t he same. You are only being requit ed for what you used t o do.) ぴ52:13-16び

ペ ｘエ ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴあよ∠ケ∠ヱ ン͡ま ∇モホ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ペ ｘェ ∠ ぺ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ゃら͡ ∇レわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ョ ∇ろヨ∠ ヤ∠ニ ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ∇バヨ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ ぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨ∠ャ る∠ ョ∠ や∠ギレｚ ャや ∇やヱぁゲシ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇れギ∠ わ∠ ∇プΙ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや (53. And t hey ask you t o inform t hem (saying): "Is it t rue'' Say: "Yes! By my Lord! It is t he very t rut h! And you cannot escape it !'') (54. And if every person who had wronged, possessed all t hat is on t he eart h and sought t o ransom himself t herewit h (it will not be accept ed), and t hey would feel in t heir heart s regret when t hey see t he t orment , and t hey will be j udged wit h j ust ice, and no wrong will be done unt o t hem.)

The Resurrection is Real Allah said t hat t hey ask you t o inform t hem (saying):

び∠ヲワ⊥ ペ ｘェ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ("Is it t rue'') asking about t he ret urn and t he Resurrect ion from t he graves, aft er t he bodies become sand.

び∠リΑ͡ゴイ ͡ ∇バヨ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ペ ｘエ ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴあよ∠ケ∠ヱ ン͡ま ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Yes! By my Lord! It is t he very t rut h! And you cannot escape it !'') meaning t hat becoming sand does not make Allah incapable of bringing you back, since He originat ed you from not hing.

びラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ リ⊥ミ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ

(Verily, His command, when He int ends a t hing, is only t hat He says t o it , ` Be!' - and it is!)ぴ36:82び There are only t wo ot her Ayat in t he Qur'an similar t o t his. Allah commands His Messenger t o give an oat h by Him t o answer t hose who deny t he ret urn. He said in Surah Saba',

ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇モホ⊥ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ゅ∠レΒ͡ゎ∇ほ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ レｚ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほわ∠ ャ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヱ∠ (Those who disbelieve say: "The Hour will not come t o us.'' Say: "Yes, by my Lord!, it will come t o you.'') (34:3) The second is in Surat At -Taghabun, He said:

ヴあよケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ リャｚ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ∠ ハ ∠ コ∠ ぴ ∀ゲΒ͡ジ∠Α ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ｚラぽ⊥ ｚらレ∠ わ⊥ ャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ｚリん⊥ バ∠ ∇らわ⊥ ャ∠ び (The disbelievers claimed t hat t hey will never be resurrect ed. Say: "Yes! By my Lord! you will cert ainly be resurrect ed, t hen you will be informed of (and recompensed for) what you did; and t hat is easy for Allah.'') (64:7) Then Allah informed us t hat when t he Resurrect ion is est ablished t he disbelievers will wish t hat t hey could ransom t hemselves from Allah's punishment wit h t he equivalent of t he weight of t he eart h in gold.

∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨ∠ャ る∠ ョ∠ や∠ギレｚ ャや ∇やヱぁゲ∠シ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ (And t hey would feel in t heir heart s regret when t hey see t he t orment , and t hey will be j udged wit h j ust ice, and no wrong will be done unt o t hem.)

ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι∠ぺぴ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ペ ｘェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ (55. No doubt , surely, all t hat is in t he heavens and t he eart h belongs t o Allah. No doubt , surely, Allah's promise is t rue. But most of t hem know not .) (56. It is He Who gives life, and causes deat h, and t o Him you (all) shall ret urn.) Allah is t he Owner of t he heavens and eart h. His promise is t rue and is indeed going t o be f ulfilled. He is t he One Who gives life and causes deat h. To Him is t he ret urn of everyone, and He is t he One who has t he power over t hat , and t he One Who knows everyt hing about every creat ure; it s det eriorat ion, and where every speck of it has gone, be it land, oceans or ot herwise.

∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リｚョ る∀ ヌ ∠ハ ͡ ∇ヲョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ∠Αぴ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヨャあ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ∠ヱ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇ヘΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ら͡ プ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ よ͡ ∇モホ⊥ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ (57. O mankind! There has come t o you good advice from your Lord, and a cure for t hat which is in your breast s, -- a guidance and a mercy for t he believers.) (58. Say: "In t he bount y of Allah, and in His mercy; t herein let t hem rej oice.'' That is bet t er t han what (t he wealt h) t hey amass.)

The Qur'an is an Admonition, Cure, Mercy and Guidance Allah confers a great favor on His creat ures in what He has sent down of t he Gracious Qur'an t o His Noble Messenger . He said:

び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リｚョ る∀ ヌ ∠ハ ͡ ∇ヲョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ∠Αぴ (O mankind! There has come t o you good advice from your Lord.) A warning and a shield from shameful deeds.

び͡ケヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヨャあ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ∠ヱぴ (and a cure for t hat which is in your breast s,) A cure from suspicion and doubt s. The Qur'an removes all t he filt h and Shirk from t he heart s.

び∀るヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (a guidance and a mercy) The guidance and t he mercy from Allah are at t ained t hrough it . This is only for t hose who believe in it and have firm fait h in what it cont ains. As Allah said:

る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケゅ∠ジカ ∠ Ι ｚ ま∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ (And We send down of t he Qur'an t hat which is a cure and a mercy t o t hose who believe, and it increases t he wrongdoers not hing but loss.) (17:82) and;

び∀￢べ∠ヘセ ͡ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ

(Say: "It is for t hose who believe, a guide and a cure.'') (41: 44) Allah t hen said:

び∇やヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇ヘΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ら͡ プ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ よ͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "In t he bount y of Allah, and in His mercy; t herein let t hem rej oice.'') rej oice in what has come from Allah. Let t hem rej oice in t he guidance and t he religion of t he t rut h. It is bet t er t han anyt hing t hey might rej oice in,

び∠ラヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ That is bet t er t han what (t he wealt h) t hey amass. from t he ruins of t he world and it s vanishing bloom undoubt edly.

∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ベ ∃ ∇コケあ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べｚョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャへ∠￢ ∇モホ⊥ Ι ⇔Κ ∠ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ョや∠ゲェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ぁニ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ⊥グャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ (59. Say: "Tell me, what provision Allah has sent down t o you! And you have made of it lawful and unlawful.'' Say: "Has Allah permit t ed you (t o do so), or do you invent a lie against Allah'') (60. And what t hink t hose who invent a lie against Allah, on t he Day of Resurrect ion Truly, Allah is full of bount y t o mankind, but most of t hem are ungrat eful.)

None can make Anything Lawful or Unlawful except Allah or Those Whom Allah has allowed to do so Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah, ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam and ot hers said: "This Ayah was revealed t o crit icize t he idolat ors for what t hey used t o make lawful and unlawful. Like t he Bahirah, Sa'ibah and Wasilah.'' As Allah said:

ュ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゐ ͡ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぺ∠ケ∠ ク∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∠ィ∠ヱぴ び⇔ゅらΒ͡ダル∠

(And t hey assign t o Allah a share of t he t ilt h and cat t le which He has creat ed.)ぴ6:136び Imam Ahmad recorded a narrat ion from Malik bin Nadlah who said, "I came t o Allah's Messenger while in filt hy clot hes. He said,

«∨∀メゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ∠ ∇モワ∠ » (Do you have wealt h) I answered, ` Yes.' He said,

«∨͡メゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ヵ あ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ » (what kind of wealt h) I answered, ` All kinds; camels, slaves, horses, sheep.' So he said,

«マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゲ∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ゅ⇔ャゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ポ ∠ ゅ∠ゎへ∠ や∠クま͡» (If Allah gives you wealt h, t hen let it be seen on you.) Then he said,

ヴ∠ャま͡ ギ∠ ヨ͡ ∇バわ∠ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰル⊥ や∠クへ ゅ⇔ェゅエ ∠タ ͡ マ ∠ ヤ⊥∇よま͡ ア ⊥ わ∠ ∇レゎ⊥ ∇モワ∠ » ペ ぁゼ ⊥ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀ゲ∇エよ⊥ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボわ∠ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰル∠ や∠クへ ノ∠ ト ∠ ∇ボわ∠ プ∠ ヴ⇔シヲ⊥ョ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰョ⊥ ゲあ エ ∠ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∀ュゲ⊥ タ ⊥ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワキ∠ ヲ⊥ヤィ ⊥ «マ͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ∨ (It is not t hat your camels are born wit h healt hy ears, you t ake a knife and cut t hem, t hen say, "This is a Bahr,'' t ear it s skin, t hen say, ` This is a Sarm,'' and prohibit t hem for yourself and your family) I replied, ` Yes.' He said,

∇リョ͡ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ぶ ͡ や ギ⊥ ハ ͡ ゅ∠シ ∩ｘモェ ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ぶ ⊥ やポ ∠ ゅ∠ゎへ ゅ∠ョ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ » «ポゅ∠シヲ⊥ョ ∇リョ͡ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ぶや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョヱ∠ ∩∠ポギ͡ ハ ͡ ゅ∠シ (What Allah has given you is lawf ul. Allah's Forearm is st ronger t han your forearm, and Allah's knife is sharper t hen your knife.)'' And he ment ioned t he Hadit h in it s complet e form, and t he chain for t his Hadit h is a st rong, good chain. Allah crit icized t hose who make lawful what Allah has made unlawful or vice verse. This is because t hey are based on mere desires and false opinions t hat are not support ed wit h evidence or proof. Allah t hen warned t hem wit h a promise of t he Day of Resurrect ion. He asked:

ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ぁニ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び͡るヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや (And what t hink t hose who invent a lie against Allah, on t he Day of Resurrect ion) What do t hey t hink will happen t o t hem when t hey ret urn t o Us on t he Day of Resurrect ion Ibn Jarir said t hat Allah's st at ement :

び͡サゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ⊥グャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, Allah is full of bount y t o mankind,) indicat ed t hat t he bount y is in post poning t heir punishment in t his world. I (Ibn Kat hir) say, t he meaning could be t hat t he Grace for people is in t he good benefit s t hat He made permissible for t hem in t his world or in t heir religion. He also has not prohibit ed t hem except what is harmful t o t hem in t heir world and t he Hereaft er.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but most of t hem are ungrat eful.) So t hey prohibit ed what Allah has best owed upon t hem and made it hard and narrow upon t hemselves. They made some t hings lawful and ot hers unlawful. The idolat ors commit t ed t hese act ions when t hey set laws for t hemselves. And so did t he People of t he Book when t hey invent ed innovat ions in t heir religion.

ラ ∃ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇わゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∃ ∇ほセ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ∇クま͡ や⇔キヲ⊥ヰセ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ モ ∃ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇んョあ リ͡ョ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ∠ハ ゆ ⊥ ゴ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツΒ͡ヘゎ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ͡ョ ゲ∠ ピ∠ ∇タぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ Ι∠ヱ (61. Neit her you do any deed nor recit e any port ion of t he Qur'an, nor you do any deed, but We are Wit ness t hereof when you are doing it . And not hing is hidden from your Lord (so much as) t he weight of a speck of dust on t he eart h or in t he heaven. Not what is less t han t hat or what is great er t han t hat but is (writ t en) in a Clear Record.)

Everything Small or Large is within the Knowledge of Allah Allah informed His Prophet t hat He knows and is well acquaint ed wit h all of t he affairs and condit ions of him and his Ummah and all of creat ion and it s creat ures at all t imes -- during every hour and second. Not hing slips or escapes from His knowledge and observat ion, not even

anyt hing t he weight of a speck of dust wit hin t he heavens or eart h, or anyt hing t hat is smaller or larger t han t hat . Everyt hing is in a manifest Book, as Allah said:

ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ウ ⊥ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ヘョ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ ホ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ リ͡ョ テ ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ∇デケ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ ヴ͡プ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ザ ∃ よ͡ ゅ∠Α (And wit h Him are t he keys of t he Ghayb (all t hat is hidden and unseen), none knows t hem but He. And He knows what ever t here is in t he land and in t he sea; not a leaf falls, but He knows it . There is not a grain in t he darkness of t he eart h nor anyt hing fresh or dry, but is writ t en in a Clear Record.)(6:59) He st at ed t hat He is Well-Aware of t he movement of t he t rees and ot her inanimat e obj ect s. He is also Well-Aware of all grazing beast s. He said:

ゲ⊥ Β͡トΑ∠ ゲ∃ も͡ ゅ∠デ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ん∇ョぺ∠ ∀ユ∠ョぺ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βェ ∠ ゅ∠レイ ∠ よ͡ (There is not a moving creat ure on eart h, nor a bird t hat flies wit h it s t wo wings, but are communit ies like you.) (6:38) He also said:

びゅ∠ヰホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And no moving creat ure is t here on eart h but it s provision is due from Allah. )(11:6) If t his is His knowledge of t he movement of t hese t hings, t hen what about His knowledge of t he movement of t he creat ures t hat are commanded t o worship Him Allah said:

リ ∠ Β͡ェ ポ ∠ や∠ゲΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや - ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ゎヱ∠ ぴ び ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ギイ ͡ ⇒ｚジャや ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ら∠ ヤぁボ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And put your t rust in t he Almight y, t he Most Merciful, Who sees you when you st and up, and your movement s among t hose who fall prost rat e.)(26:217-219) That is why Allah said:

ラ ∃ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇わゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∃ ∇ほセ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ∇クま͡ や⇔キヲ⊥ヰセ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ モ ∃ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ び͡ヮΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツΒ͡ヘゎ⊥ (Neit her you do any deed nor recit e any port ion of t he Qur'an, nor you do any deed, but We are Wit ness t hereof when you are doing it .) meaning, ` We are wat ching and hearing you when you engage in t hat t hing.' When Jibril asked t he Prophet about Ihsan, he said:

ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ゲゎ∠ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ロや∠ゲゎ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ぶ ∠ や ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠» «ポや∠ゲΑ∠ (It is t hat you worship Allah as if you are seeing Him. But since you do not see Him, be cert ain t hat He is wat ching you.)

∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι∠ぺぴ ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ モ ∠ Α͡ギ∇らゎ∠ Ι ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲΒ∠エ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ン∠ゲ∇ゼら⊥ ∇ャや び ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヮ͡ ヤｚャや れ ͡ ゅ∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ ャ͡ (62. Behold! The Awliya' of Allah, no fear shall come upon t hem nor shall t hey grieve.) (63. Those who believed, and have Taqwa.) (64. For t hem is good news, in t he life of t he present world, and in t he Hereaft er. No change can t here be in t he Words of Allah. This is indeed t he supreme success.)

Identifying the Awliya' of Allah Allah t ells us t hat His Awliya' (f riends and allies) are t hose who believe and have Taqwa of Allah as He defined t hem. Every pious, God-fearing person is a friend of Allah, t herefore,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Ι ∠ぴ (no fear shall come upon t hem) from t he fut ure horrors t hey will face in t he Hereaft er.

び∠ラヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor shall t hey grieve.) over anyt hing left behind in t his world. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat Allah's Messenger said:

￢⊥ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ト ⊥ ら͡ ∇ピΑ∠ や⇔キゅ∠らハ ͡ ぶ ͡ や キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡» «￢や∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや∠ヱ (Among t he servant s of Allah t here will be t hose whom t he Prophet s and t he mart yrs will consider fort unat e). It was said: "Who are t hese, O Messenger of Allah, so we may love t hem'' He said:

ゅ∠ャヱ∠ メ ∃ や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぶ ͡ や ヶ͡プ やヲぁよゅ∠エゎ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユワ⊥ » ゅ∠ャ ∩∃ケヲ⊥ル ∇リョ͡ ゲ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ケヲ⊥ル ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∩∃ゆゅ∠ジ∇ルぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゴ͡ ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥サゅｚレャや フ ∠ ゅ∠カ や∠クま͡ ラヲ⊥プゅ∠ガ∠Α «サゅｚレャや (These are people who loved one anot her for t he sake of Allah wit hout any ot her int erest like money or kinship. Their faces will be light , upon plat forms of light . They shall have no fear (on t hat Day) when fear shall come upon people. Nor shall t hey grieve when ot hers grieve.) Then he recit ed:

∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι∠ぺぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ (Behold!! Verily, t he Awliya' (friends and allies) of Allah, no fear shall come upon t hem nor shall t hey grieve.)

The True Dream is a Form of Good News Ibn Jarir narrat ed from ` Ubadah bin As-Samit t hat he ぴrecit edび t o Allah's Messenger :

び͡りゲ∠ カ ͡ ｘΙや ヴ͡プヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲΒ∠エ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ン∠ゲ∇ゼら⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ぴ

(For t hem is good news, in t he life of t he present world, and in t he Hereaft er.) ぴand said,び "We know t he good news of t he Hereaft er, it is Paradise. But what is t he good news in t his world'' He said:

ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ .ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ン∠ゲゎ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ギ⊥ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ワや∠ゲΑ∠ る⊥ エ ∠ ャ͡ゅｚダャや ゅ∠Α∇ぼゲぁ ャや» や⇔￢∇ゴィ ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔￢∇ゴィ ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ る∃ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀￢∇ゴィ ⊥ «りｚヲら⊥ レぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ (It is t he good dream t hat a servant may see or it is seen about him. This dream is one part from fort y-four or sevent y part s of Prophet hood.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Dharr said, "O Messenger of Allah! What about a man who does deeds t hat t he people commend him for'' Allah's Messenger said,

«リ͡ョ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ モ ⊥ィ ͡ ゅ∠ハ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ » (That is t he good news t hat has been expedit ed for t he believer.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said t hat Allah's Messenger said:

び͡りゲ∠ カ ͡ ｘΙや ヴ͡プヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲΒ∠エ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ン∠ゲ∇ゼら⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (For t hem is good news, in t he life of t he present world) Then he said,

∇リョ͡ ∀￢∇ゴィ ⊥ ∩⊥リョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ ゼ ｚ ら∠ Α⊥ る⊥ エ ∠ ャ͡ゅｚダャや ゅ∠Α∇ぼゲぁ ャや» マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ン∠ぺケ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩͡りヲｚ ら⊥ レぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ や⇔￢∇ゴィ ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ る∃ バ∠ ∇ジゎ͡ リ ∠ ョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ン∠ヲシ ͡ ン∠ぺケ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ゲら͡ ∇ガΒ⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ∩ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ ロ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ジΑ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ゑヘ⊥ ∇レΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∩⊥ヮル∠ ゴ͡ ∇エΒ⊥ ャ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや «や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ゲら͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∇ゲらあ ム∠ Β⊥ ∇ャヱ∠ (The good dream t hat comes as a good news for t he believer is a part of fort y-nine part s of prophet hood. So if anyone of you has a good dream, he should narrat e it t o ot hers. But if he has a dream t hat he dislikes, t hen it is from Shayt an t o make him sad. He should blow t o his left t hree t imes, and say : "Allahu Akbar,'' and should not ment ion it t o anyone.'') And it was also said, "The good news here is t he glad t idings t he angels bring t o t he believer at t he t ime of deat h. They bring him t he good news of Paradise and forgiveness.'' Similarly, Allah said:

メ ⊥ ゴｚ レ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠ボわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゅ∠ガゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヴ͡わャｚや る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヴ͡ヰ∠わ∇ゼ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ケ∃ ヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ∇リョあ Ι ⇔ ゴ⊥ ル⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギｚ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ び ユ∃ Β͡ェケｚ (Verily, t hose who say: "Our Lord is Allah (alone),'' and t hen t hey st and st raight and firm, on t hem t he angels will descend (at t he t ime of t heir deat h) (saying): "Fear not , nor grieve! But receive t he glad t idings of Paradise which you have been promised! We have been your friends in t he life of t his world and are (so) in t he Hereaft er. Therein you shall have (all) t hat your souls desire, and t herein you shall have (all) for which you ask. An ent ert ainment from (Allah), t he Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.'') (41:30-32) In t he Hadit h narrat ed by Al-Bara', t he Prophet said:

ヂ ⊥ Β͡よ る∀ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤョ∠ ロ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨ∇ャや ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ツ ∠ ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ Αｚ ぺ∠ ヶ͡ィゲ⊥ ∇カや:やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠Βんあ ャや ヂ ⊥ Β͡よ ロ͡ ヲ⊥ィヲ⊥ ∇ャや ∩∠ラゅ∠ら∇ツビ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ゆ ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠エ∇Αケ∠ ヱ∠ ゥ ∃ ∇ヱケ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ る⊥ ∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや ユ͡ プ∠ ∇リョ͡ り⊥ ゲ∠ ∇トボ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ Β͡ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠ミ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ プ∠ ∇リョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガわ∠ プ∠ «￢ゅ∠ボジ あ ャや (When deat h approaches t he believer, angels wit h whit e faces and whit e clot hes come t o him and say: "O good soul! Come out t o comfort and provision and a Lord who is not angry.'' The soul t hen comes out of his mout h like a drop of wat er pouring out of a wat er skin.) Their good news in t he Hereaft er is as Allah said:

や∠グ⇒∠ワ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒ｚボヤ∠わ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミΙ ｘやネ ⊥ ゴ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ル⊥ ゴ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠

(The great est t error (on t he Day of Resurrect ion) will not grieve t hem, and t he angels will meet t hem, (wit h t he greet ing:) "This is your Day which you were promised.'') (21:103), and,

ユ⊥ワケ⊥ ヲ⊥ル ヴ∠バ∇ジΑ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ゲゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ や∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ ユ͡ヰレ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αほ∠よ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ び ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや (On t he Day you shall see t he believing men and t he believing women -- t heir light running forward before t hem and by t heir right hands. Glad t idings for you t his Day! Gardens under which rivers flow (Paradise), t o dwell t herein forever! Truly, t his is t he great success!)(57:12) Allah t hen said:

び͡ヮヤｚャや れ ͡ ゅ∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ ャ͡ モ ∠ Α͡ギ∇らゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (No change can t here be in t he Words of Allah.) meaning, t his promise doesn't change or breach or fall short . It is decreed and firm, and going t o happen undoubt edly.

び⊥ユΒ͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (This is indeed t he supreme success.)

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ り∠ ゴｚ バ͡ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ マ ∠ ル⊥ゴ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι∠ぺ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ノ⊥ ら͡ わｚ Α∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ リ ｚヌ ｚ ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ͡ま ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レム⊥ ∇ジわ∠ ャ͡ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥タゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ や⇔ゲ͡ダ∇らョ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ び

(65. Do not grieve over t heir speech, for all power and honor belong t o Allah. He is t he AllHearer, t he All-Knower.) (66. Behold! Verily, t o Allah belongs whosoever is in t he heavens and whosoever is in t he eart h. And t hose who worship and invoke ot hers besides Allah, in fact t hey follow not t he part ners, t hey follow only a conj ect ure and t hey do not hing but lie.) (67. He it is Who has appoint ed for you t he night t hat you may rest t herein, and t he day t o make t hings visible (t o you). Verily, in t his are Ayat for a people who list en (t hose who t hink deeply).)

All Might and Honor is for Allah -- He Alone has Full Authority within the Universe Allah said t o His Messenger ,

び∠マル⊥ゴ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Do not greive) because of t he remarks of t hese idolat ors, and depend on Allah and ask for His help. Put your t rust in Him.

び⇔ゅバΒ͡ヨィ ∠ り∠ ゴｚ バ͡ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (For all power and honor belong t o Allah.) All might and honor belong t o Him, His Messenger and t he believers.

び⊥ユΒ͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He is t he All-Hearer, t he All-Knower.) He hears t he ut t erances of His servant s and knows t heir affairs. Allah t hen st at ed t hat t o Him is t he dominion of t he heavens and eart h. But t he idolat ors worship idols, t hat own not hing and can neit her harm nor benefit anyone. They have no evidence t o base t heir worship on t hem. They only follow t heir own conj ect ure, lies, and ult imat ely - falsehood. Allah t hen informed us t hat He is t he One Who made t he night for His servant s t o rest t herein from weariness and exhaust ion.

び⇔やゲ⇒͡ダ∇らョ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ⇒∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (And t he day t o make t hings visible (t o you).) bright and clear for t hem t o seek livelihood and t o t ravel t o fulfill t heir needs.

び∠ラヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t his are Ayat for a people who list en.) Those who hear t hese proofs and t ake a lesson from t hem. These Ayat can lead t hem t o realize t he great ness of t heir Creat or and Sust ainer.

ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヶ ぁ レ͡ ピ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ リあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ラま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ぺ へ∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ ∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ボ⊥ Α͡グル⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ギ∠ Α͡ギゼ ｚ ャや (68. They say: "Allah has begot t en a son.'' Glory is t o Him! He is Rich (free of all needs). His is all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h. No warrant have you for t his. Do you say against Allah what you know not .) (69. Say: "Verily, t hose who invent a lie against Allah will never be successful.'') (70. (A brief) enj oyment in t his world! and t hen unt o Us will be t heir ret urn, t hen We shall make t hem t ast e t he severest t orment because t hey used t o disbelieve.)

Allah is Far Above taking a Wife or having Children Allah crit icizes t hose who claim t hat He has,

びぁヶレ͡ ピ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (...begot t en a son. Glory is t o Him! He is Rich (Free of all needs).) He is Great er t han t hat and above it . He is Self-Sufficient , free of want or need of anyt hing. Everyt hing else is in desperat e need of Him,

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (His is all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h.) So how can He have a son from what He has creat ed Everyt hing and everyone belongs t o Him and is His servant .

びへグ∠ ⇒∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ リあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ラま͡ぴ (No warrant have you for t his) Meaning, you have no proof for t he lies and falsehood t hat you claim,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ

(Do you say against Allah what you know not .) This is a severe t hreat and a firm warning. Similarly, Allah t hreat ened and said:

- や⇔キ∂ ま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ - や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや ペ ぁゼ ∠ レ∠ゎヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ゲト ｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや キ⊥ ゅ∠ムゎ∠ - や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ や∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ラ∠ぺ - や⇔ギ∂ ワ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ゲぁ ガ ͡ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ リ∠ョ ぁモミ⊥ ラ͡ま - や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヴ͡ゎへ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ͡ヮΒ͡ゎや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ ヱ∠ - や⇔ギ∂ ハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギｚ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚ び や⇔キ∇ゲプ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや (And t hey say: "The Most Gracious has begot t en a son.'' Indeed you have brought fort h a t erribly evil t hing. Whereby t he heavens are almost t orn, and t he eart h is split asunder, and t he mount ains fall in ruins, t hat t hey ascribe a son t o t he Most Gracious. But it is not suit able for t he Most Gracious t hat He should beget a son. There is none in t he heavens and t he eart h but comes unt o t he Most Gracious as a servant . Verily, He knows each one of t hem, and has count ed t hem a full count ing. And everyone of t hem will come t o Him alone on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) (19:88-95) Then Allah warned t he liars t hat fabricat ed t he claim t hat He has begot t en a son. He warned t hat t hey will not succeed, never prospering in t his world or in t he Hereaft er. In t his world Allah will lead t hem, st ep-by-st ep, t o t heir ruin. He will give t hem respit e and put up wit h t hem for a while. He will allow t hem t o have lit t le enj oyment ,

び∃ナΒ͡ヤビ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲぁ ト ∠ ∇ツル∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen in t he end We shall oblige t hem t o (ent er) a great t orment .)(31:24) As Allah said here:

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョぴ ((A brief) enj oyment in t his world!) meaning, only a short period,

び∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and t hen unt o Us will be t heir ret urn) on t he Day of Resurrect ion;

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ギ∠ Α͡ギゼ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ボ⊥ Α͡グル⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ

(Then We shall make t hem t ast e t he severest t orment because t hey used t o disbelieve. ) meaning, ` We shall make t hem t ast e t he painful punishment because of t heir Kufr and lies about Allah.'

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ほ∠ら∠ ル∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇ゎや∠ヱぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤバ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや れ ͡ ゅ∠Αべ͡よ ン͡ゲΒ͡ミ∇グゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ョゅ∠ボョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゲ∠ ら⊥ ミ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ ∇ィほ∠プ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ レ⊥ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ツ∇ホや ｚユを⊥ る⇔ ヨｚ ビ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ン ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ゲ∃ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ｚョ リ∠ョヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Βイ ｚ レ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よグｚ ム∠ プ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルゅ∠プ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠レ∇ホ∠ゲ∇ビ∠ぺ∠ヱ ブ ∠ も͡ Κ ∠カ ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ケグ∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ ら∠ ホ͡ ゅ∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ (71. And recit e t o t hem t he news of Nuh. When he said t o his people: "O my people, if my st ay (wit h you), and my reminding (you) of t he Ayat of Allah is hard on you, t hen I put my t rust in Allah. So devise your plot , you and your part ners, and let not your plot be in confusion for you. Then pass your sent ence on me and give me no respit e.) (72. "But if you t urn away, t hen no reward have I asked of you, my reward is only from Allah, and I have been commanded t o be of t he Muslims.'') (73. They denied him, but We delivered him, and t hose wit h him in t he ship, and We made t hem generat ions, replacing one aft er anot her, while We drowned t hose who belied Our Ayat . Then see what was t he end of t hose who were warned.)

The Story of Nuh and His People Allah inst ruct ed His Prophet , saying:

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇ゎや∠ヱぴ (And recit e t o t hem) relat e t o t he disbelievers of t he Quraysh who belied you and rej ect ed you,

び∃ゥヲ⊥ル ほ∠ら∠ ル∠ ぴ

(t he news of Nuh) meaning, his st ory and news wit h his people who belied him. Tell t hem how Allah dest royed t hem and caused every last one of t hem all t o drown. Let t his be a lesson for your people, lest t hey will be dest royed like t hem.

ヴ͡ョゅ∠ボョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゲ∠ ら⊥ ミ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ び⊥ろ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤバ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや れ ͡ ゅ∠Αべ͡よ ン͡ゲΒ͡ミ∇グゎ∠ ヱ∠ (When he said t o his people: "O my people, if my st ay (wit h you), and my reminding (you) of t he Ayat of Allah is hard on you, t hen I put my t rust in Allah.'') Meaning, ` if you find t hat it is t oo much of an offense t hat I should live among you and preach t o you t he revelat ion of Allah and His signs and proofs, t hen I do not care what you t hink, and I will not st op invit ing you.'

び∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バ͡ヨ∇ィ∠ほ∠プぴ (So devise your plot , you and your part ners), ` get t oget her wit h all of your deit ies (idols and st at ues) t hat you call upon beside Allah,'

び⇔るヨｚ ビ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and let not your plot be in confusion for you) meaning, an` d do not be confused about t his, rat her come and let us set t le t his t oget her if you claim t hat you are t rut hful,'

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ レ⊥ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and give me no respit e.) ` Do not give me respit e even for one hour. What ever you can do, go ahead and do it . I do not care, and I do not fear you, because you are not st anding on anyt hing.' This is similar t o what Hud said t o his people,

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ￢∃ ヲ⊥ジよ͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ヂ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ポ ∠ や∠ゲわ∠ ∇ハや Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボルｚ ラ͡まぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ヴあルぺ∠ ∇やヱギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇セぺ⊥ ヴあルま͡ ヴあルま͡ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ レ⊥ゎ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥ギΒ͡ムプ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ (I call Allah t o wit ness, and you bear wit ness, t hat I am free from t hat which you ascribe as part ners in worship wit h Him (Allah). So plot against me, all of you, and give me no respit e. I put my t rust in Allah, my Lord and your Lord!) (11:54-55)

Islam is the Religion of all of the Prophets Nuh said,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (But if you t urn away) if you belie t he message and t urn away from obedience.

び∃ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (t hen no reward have I asked of you,) I have not asked you anyt hing for my advice.

リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ン ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ぴ び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや (My reward is only from Allah. And I have been commanded t o be of t he Muslims.) I submit t o Islam. Islam is t he religion of all of t he Prophet s from t he first t o t he last . Their laws and t heir rules may be of different t ypes but t he religion is t he same. Allah said:

び⇔ゅイ⇒∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ハ ∠ ∇ゲセ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ｙモム⊥ ャ͡ぴ (To each among you, We have prescribed a law and a clear way.)(5:48) Ibn ` Abbas said: "A way and a Sunnah.'' Here Nuh is saying:

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (and I have been commanded t o be of t he Muslims.) Allah said about His friend, Ibrahim:

-リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ユヤ͡∇シぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ ｚ レ͡ ら∠ ⇒∠Α ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡レよ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ べ∠ヰよ͡ ヴｚタヱ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョぁ ユ⊥わル∠ぺヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま∠ リ ｚ ゎ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ Αあギャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ヘト ∠ ∇タや び (When his Lord said t o him, "Submit (be a Muslim)!'' He said, "I have submit t ed myself (as a Muslim) t o t he Lord of all t hat exist s.'' And t his was enj oined by Ibrahim upon his sons and by Ya` qub (saying), "O my sons! Allah has chosen for you t he (t rue) religion, t hen die not except as Muslims.'')(2:131-132) Yusuf said:

モ ͡ Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇ヨヤｚハ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ͡ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βゎ∠ へ ∇ギホ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ ヴ あ ャ͡ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ デ ͡ ゅ∠プ ゑ ͡ Α͡キゅ∠ェΙ ｘや ヴ͡レ∇ボ͡エ∇ャ∠ぺ∠ヱ ゅ⇔ヨ͡ヤ∇ジョ⊥ ヴ͡レプｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ゅ∠Βル⊥ ギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ びリ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャゅ͡よ (My Lord! You have indeed best owed on me of t he sovereignt y, and t aught me somet hing of t he int erpret at ion of dreams -- t he (Only) Creat or of t he heavens and t he eart h! You are my Guardian in t his world and in t he Hereaft er. Cause me t o die as a Muslim, and j oin me wit h t he right eous.)(12:101) Musa said:

ユ⊥わ∇レミ⊥ ラ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ヤミｚ ∠ヲ∠ゎ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レョ∠ や￢ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Αぴ び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョぁ (O my people! If you have believed in Allah, t hen put your t rust in Him if you are Muslims.)(10:84) The magicians said:

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅ∠レプｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇らタ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇パゲ͡ ∇プぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! pour out on us pat ience, and cause us t o die as Muslims.)(7:126) Bilqis said:

ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ノ∠ ョ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ヴあルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ (My Lord! Verily, I have wronged myself, and I submit (I have become Muslim) t oget her wit h Sulayman t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s.) (27:44) Allah said:

ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ∀ケヲル⊥ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ り∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べｚルま͡ぴ び∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ヲぁΒら͡ レｚ ャや (Verily, We did send down t he Tawrah, t herein was guidance and light , by which t he Prophet s, j udged for t he Jews.)(5:44) He also said:

ヴ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ∇ラぺ∠ リ ∠ ΒあΑケ͡ や∠ヲエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅ∠レルｚ ∠ほ͡よ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヴ͡ャヲ⊥シゲ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ (And when I (Allah) inspired Al-Hawariyyin t o believe in Me and My Messenger, t hey said: "We believe. And bear wit ness t hat we are Muslims.'') (5:111) The last of t he Messengers and t he leader of mankind said:

ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ヴ͡ゎゅ∠ヨョ∠ ヱ∠ ∠ンゅ∠Β∇エ∠ョ∠ヱ ヴ͡ムジ ⊥ ル⊥ ∠ヱ ヴ͡ゎΚ ∠タ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ Α͡ゲセ ∠ Ι ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ (Verily, my Salah, my sacrifice, my living, and my dying are for Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s. He has no part ner. And of t his I have been commanded, and I am t he first of t he Muslims.) (6:162-163) meaning, from t his Ummah. He said, in an aut hent ic Hadit h:

«ギ͡ェや∠ヱ ゅ⊥レレ⊥ Α͡キヱ∠ .れ ∃ ゅｚヤハ ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠Β∇らル͡ ほ∠∇ャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ » (We, t he Prophet s are brot hers wit h (t he same fat her but ) different mot hers. Our religion is t he same,) meaning, ` we should worship Allah alone wit hout part ners while having different laws.'

The Evil Goal and End of Criminals Allah said:

び⊥ヮバ∠ ョｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Βイ ｚ レ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よグｚ ∠ム∠プぴ (They denied him, but We delivered him, and t hose wit h him) meaning on his religion,

び͡マ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プぴ (in t he (Fulk) ship) Fulk refers t o t he ark, and,

び∠ブも͡ Κ ∠カ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (We made t hem generat ions replacing one aft er anot her) on eart h,

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルゅ∠プ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠レ∇ホゲ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∠リΑ͡ケグ∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ ら∠ ホ͡ ゅ∠ハ (while We drowned t hose who belied Our Ayat . Then see what was t he end of t hose who were warned.) meaning ` O Muhammad, see how We saved t he believers and dest royed t he deniers!'

∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥￢べ∠イプ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ Κ ⇔ シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ びリ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇バヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ ヲヤ⊥ホ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ⊥ ら∠ ∇トル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ (74. Then aft er him We sent Messengers t o t heir people. They brought t hem clear proofs, but t hey would not believe what t hey had already rej ect ed beforehand. Thus We seal t he heart s of t he t ransgressors.)

Meaning; Then after Nuh We sent Messengers to their people. They brought t hem clear proofs. and evidences of t he t rut h t hat t hey came wit h.

び⊥モ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (But t hey would not believe what t hey had already rej ect ed beforehand) meaning t he nat ions did not believe what t heir Messengers brought t o t hem because t hey already rej ect ed it from t he beginning. Allah said:

び∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ ょ ⊥ あヤボ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We shall t urn t heir heart s and t heir eyes away (from guidance).) (6:110) He t hen said here,

び∠リΑ͡ギわ∠ ∇バヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ ヲヤ⊥ホ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ⊥ ら∠ ∇トル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Thus We seal t he heart s of t he t ransgressors.) This means t hat as Allah has set seals on t he heart s of t hose people, such t hat t hey would not believe since t hey previously rej ect ed fait h, He would also set seals on t he heart s of t he people t hat are like t hem, who will come aft er t hem. They would not believe unt il t hey see t he severe t orment . This means t hat Allah dest royed t he nat ions aft er Nuh. He dest royed t he nat ions t hat rej ect ed t he Messengers and saved t hose who believed from among t hem. From t he t ime of Adam t o Nuh, people followed Islam. Then t hey invent ed t he worship of idols. So Allah sent Nuh t o t hem. That is why t he believers will say t o him on t he Day of Resurrect ion, "You are t he first Messenger Allah sent t o

t he people of t he eart h.'' Ibn ` Abbas said: "There were t en generat ions bet ween Adam and Nuh, and all of t hem were following Islam.'' Allah also said:

び∃ゥヲ⊥ル ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ム∠ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And how many generat ions have We dest royed aft er Nuh!) (17:17) This was a serious warning t o t he Arab pagans, who rej ect ed t he leader and last of t he Messengers and Prophet s. If t he people before t hem who rej ect ed t heir Messengers had received t his much punishment , t hen what did t hey t hink will happen t o t hem since t hey perpet rat ed even great er sins t han ot hers before t hem

ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲぁョ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ヮ͡ ゃ͡ ヤ∠ョ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ルギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョぁ ゅｚヨャ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ぺ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ゲ∀ ∇エジ ͡ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲエ ͡ ⇒ｚジャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゲ∀ ∇エシ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ ゅ∠よや￢ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚヨ∠ハ ゅ∠レわ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ヤわ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ￢⊥ べ∠Αゲ͡ ∇らム͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ∠ャ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ (75. Then aft er t hem We sent Musa and Harun t o Fir` awn and his chiefs wit h Our Ayat . But t hey behaved arrogant ly and were a people who were criminals.) (76. So when came t o t hem t he t rut h from Us, t hey said: "This is indeed clear magic.'') (77. Musa said: "Say you (t his) about t he t rut h when it has come t o you Is t his magic But t he magicians will never be successful.'') (78. They said: "Have you come t o us t o t urn us away from t hat we found our fat hers following, and t hat you t wo may have great ness in t he land We are not going t o believe you t wo!'')

The Story of Musa and Fira` wn Allah said:

びゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then aft er t hem We sent ) meaning oft er t hese Messengers,

び͡ヮ͡ゃ∠ヤ∠ョ∠ヱ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲぁョぴ (Musa and Harun t o Fir` awn and his chiefs,) meaning his people

びべ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ぴ (wit h Our Ayat .) meaning; ` Our proofs and evidences.'

び∠リΒ͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョぁ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ (But t hey behaved arrogant ly, and were a people who were criminals.) meaning t hey were t oo arrogant t o follow t he t rut h and submit t o it , and t hey were criminals.

や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ルギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ゲ∀ ∇エジ ͡ ャ∠ (So, when came t o t hem t he t rut h from us, t hey said: "This is indeed clear magic.'') They were as if t hey gave an oat h t hat what t hey had said was t he t rut h. But t hey knew t hat what t hey were saying was a mere lie. As Allah said:

び⇔やヲ∂ ヤ⊥ハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヰ∇わレ∠ ボ∠ ∇Βわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠エ∠ィ∠ヱぴ (And t hey belied t hem wrongfully and arrogant ly, t hough t hey t hemselves were convinced t hereof. )(27:14) Musa crit icized t hem saying:

ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゲ∀ ∇エシ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨ∠ャ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ぺぴ びゅ∠レわ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ヤわ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボル∠ ヱ⊥ゲエ ͡ ⇒ｚジャや ("Say you (t his) about t he t rut h when it has come t o you Is t his magic But t he magicians will never be successful.'' They said: "Have you come t o us t o t urn us away...)

びゅ∠ル￢∠ ゅ∠よや￢ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚヨ∠ハぴ (from t hat we found our fat hers following) t heir religion.

びゅ∠ヨム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat you t wo may have...)

び⊥￢べ∠Αゲ͡ ∇らム͡ ∇ャやぴ (great ness) means grandeur and leadership

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プぴ (...in t he land, We are not going t o believe you t wo!'')

ゅｚヨ∠ヤ∠プ - ユ∃ Β͡ヤハ ∠ ゲ∃ エ ͡ ⇒∠シ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥わ∇もや ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇ヤョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ャぺ∠ ヴ∠シヲぁョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ り⊥ ゲ∠ エ ∠ジ ｚ ャや ￢∠ べ∠ィ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇エあジャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ゅョ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ャぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ -リ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ∠ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ダΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ト ͡ ∇らΒ⊥ シ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ロ∠ ゲ͡ ミ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ペ ぁエ ͡ Α⊥ ヱ∠ (79. And Fir` awn said: "Bring me every well-versed sorcerer.'' (80. And when t he sorcerers came, Musa said t o t hem: "Cast down what you want t o cast !'') (81. Then when t hey had cast down, Musa said: "What you have brought is sorcery, Allah will surely make it of no effect . Verily, Allah does not set right t he work of t he evildoers.) (82. "And Allah will est ablish and make apparent t he t rut h by His Words, however much t he criminals may hat e (it ).'')

Between Musa and the Magicians Allah ment ioned t he st ory of t he magicians and Musa in Surat Al-A` raf (t here is a comment ary on it in t hat Surah), t his Surah,Surat Ta Ha, and in Surat Ash-Shu` ara'. Fir` awn, may Allah's curse be upon him, want ed t o deceive t he people and impress t hem wit h t he t ricks of t he magicians in direct opposit ion t o t he plain t rut h t hat Musa brought . The result was t he exact opposit e and he t herefore didn't at t ain his goal. The signs of t he Lord prevailed in t hat public fest ival.

ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Α͡ギイ ͡ ⇒∠シ り⊥ ゲ∠ エ ∠ジ ｚ ャや ヴ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゆ あ ケ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや (And t he sorcerers fell down prost rat e. They said: "We believe in t he Lord of all t hat exist s -t he Lord of Musa and Harun.'')(7:120-122) Fir` awn t hought t hat he would achieve vict ory t hrough t he magicians over t he Messenger sent by Allah, t he All-Knower of all hidden t hings. But he failed, lost Paradise and was deserving of t he Hellfire.

ゅヨｚ ヤ∠プ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ヤハ ∠ ゲ∃ エ ͡ ⇒∠シ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥わ∇もや ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇ヤョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ャぺ∠ ヴ∠シヲぁョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ り⊥ ゲ∠ エ ∠ジ ｚ ャや ￢∠ べ∠ィ び (And Fir` awn said: "Bring me every well-versed sorcerer.'' And when t he sorcerers came, Musa said t o t hem: "Cast down what you want t o cast !'') They st ood in line aft er t hey received t he promise of Fir` awn t o become closer t o him and obt ain a generous reward. Musa want ed t hem t o begin. He want ed t he people t o see what t he magicians had made, t hen he would come wit h t he t rut h aft er t hat t o t riumph over t heir falsehood.

メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムルｚ ラ∠ぺ べｚョま͡ヱ∠ ヴ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ヤゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ べｚョま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ び∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇モよ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ (They said: "O Musa! Eit her you t hrow first or we be t he first t o t hrow'' ぴMusaび said: "Nay, t hrow you (first )!'') When t he magicians cast t heir spells t hey bewit ched t he eyes of t he people t hrough t heir display of might y sorcery. At t hat t ime,

∇ブガ ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ - ヴ∠シヲぁョ る⇔ ヘ∠ Β͡カ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ͡プ ザ ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ョ ∇ブボ∠ ∇ヤゎ∠ マ ∠ レ͡ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ペ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ - ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ｘやろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ エ ͡ ⇒ｚジャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ェ ͡ ゅ∠シ ギ⊥ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バレ∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥バレ∠ タ ∠ び ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ (Musa conceived fear in himself. We (Allah) said: "Fear not ! Surely, you will have t he upper hand. And t hrow t hat which is in your right hand! It will swallow up t hat which t hey have made. That which t hey have made is only a magician's t rick, and t he magician will never be successful, t o what ever amount (of skill) he may at t ain.'') (20:67-69) Upon t hat , Musa said:

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇エあジャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ャぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ - リ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ∠ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ダΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ト ͡ ∇らΒ⊥ シ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ロ∠ ゲ͡ ミ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ペ ぁエ ͡ Α⊥ ヱ∠

(What you have brought is sorcery, Allah will surely make it of no effect . Verily, Allah does not set right t he work of t he evildoers. And Allah will est ablish and make apparent t he t rut h by His Words, however much t he criminals may hat e (it ). )

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リあョ ∀るΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨャ͡ リ ∠ ョ∠ や￢ べ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ わ͡ ∇ヘΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ͡ ゃ͡ ヤ∠ョ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ リあョ フ ∃ ∇ヲカ ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡プゲ͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ ∃メゅ∠バ∠ャ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ (83. But none believed in Musa except t he offspring of his people, because of t he fear of Fir` awn and his chiefs, lest t hey should persecut e t hem; and verily, Fir` awn was an arrogant t yrant on t he eart h, he was indeed one of t he t ransgressors.)

Only a Few Youth from Fir` awn's People believed in Musa Allah t ells us t hat despit e all t he clear signs and irrefut able evidence Musa came wit h, only a few offspring from Fir` awn's followers believed in him. They were even scared t hat Fir` awn and his followers would force t hem t o ret urn t o Kufr (disbelief). Fir` awn was an evil t yrant and ext remely arrogant . His people feared him and his power t oo much. Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said:

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リあョ ∀るΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨャ͡ リ ∠ ョ∠ や￢ べ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ わ͡ ∇ヘΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ͡ ゃ͡ ヤ∠ョ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ リあョ フ ∃ ∇ヲカ ∠ (But none believed in Musa except t he offspring of his people because of t he fear of Fir ` awn and his chiefs, lest t hey should persecut e t hem.) "The offspring t hat believed in Musa from Fir` awn's people, ot her t han Banu Israel, were few. Among t hem were Fir` awn's wife, t he believer who was hiding his fait h, Fir` awn's t reasurer, and his wife.'' The Children of Israel, however, t hemselves believed in Musa, all of t hem. They were glad t o see him coming. They knew of his descript ion and t he news of his advent from t heir previous Books. They knew t hat Allah was going t o save t hem t hrough him from t he capt ure of Fir` awn and give t hem power over him. So when t his knowledge reached Fir` awn he was very wary. But his caut ion and weariness didn't help him one bit . When Musa arrived, Fir` awn subj ect ed t hem t o great harm, and

ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ゅ∠レΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レΑ͡クヱ⊥ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ヘ∠ ヤ͡∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ｚヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ゲ∠ ヌ ⊥ レ∠Βプ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや

(They said: "We (Children of Israel) suffered t roubles before you came t o us, and since you have come t o us.'' He said: "It may be t hat your Lord will dest roy your enemy and make you successors on t he eart h, so t hat He may see how you act ')ぴ7:129び The fact t hat all of t he Children Israel became believers is evidenced by t he following Ayat :

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レョ∠ や￢ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョぁ ユ⊥わ∇レミ⊥ ラ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ヤミｚ ∠ヲ∠ゎ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ヤャ∂ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ び-リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レイ ∂ ル∠ ヱ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや (84. And Musa said: "O my people! If you have believed in Allah, t hen put your t rust in Him if you are Muslims.'') (85. They said: "In Allah we put our t rust . Our Lord! Make us not a t rial for t he folk who are wrongdoers.) (86. "And save us by Your mercy from t he disbelieving folk.'')

Musa encouraged His People to put Their Trust in Allah Allah t old us t hat Musa said t o t he Children of Israel:

ユ⊥わ∇レミ⊥ ラ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ヤミｚ ∠ヲ∠ゎ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レョ∠ や￢ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Αぴ び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョぁ (O my people! If you have believed in Allah, t hen put your t rust in Him if you are Muslims.) Allah is sufficient for t hose who put t heir t rust in Him.

び⊥ロギ∠ ∇らハ ∠ フ ∃ ゅ∠ムよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Is not Allah sufficient for His servant )(39:36)

び⊥ヮら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever put s his t rust in Allah, t hen He will suffice him.)(65:3) Allah combines worship and reliance in many places. He said:

び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プぴ (So worship Him and put your t rust in Him.)(11:123)

びゅ∠レ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "He is t he Most Gracious (Allah), in Him we believe, and in Him we put our t rust ..)(67:29) and

ロ⊥ ∇グガ ͡ ｚゎゅ∠プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ゆ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケｚ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ ((He alone is) t he Lord of t he east and t he west ; none has t he right t o be worshipped but He. So t ake Him (alone) as a prot ect or.)(73:9) And Allah commanded t he believers t o say many t imes in t heir Salah:

びリ ⊥ Β͡バわ∠ ∇ジル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ぴ (You (Alone) we worship, and You (Alone) we ask for help (for each and everyt hing).)(1:5) The Children of Israel complied wit h t his command and said:

ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ヤャあ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや (In Allah we put our t rust . Our Lord! Make us not a t rial for t he folk who are wrongdoers.) This means don't give t hem vict ory over us so t hat t hey rule us. So t hey might not t hink t hat t hey have aut horit y over us because t hey were following t he t rut h and we were falsehood. This might be a deceiving t rial for t hem. This meaning was report ed from Abu Mij liz and Abu AdDuha, ` Abdur-Razzaq, in a narrat ion from Muj ahid, said,

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ヤャあ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! Make us not a t rial for t he folk who are wrongdoers) meaning, "Do not give t hem aut horit y over us so t hey might make us fall int o Fit nah.'' Allah's st at ement :

び∠マわ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レイ あ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And save us by Your mercy) means save us t hrough Your mercy and beneficence

び∠リΑ͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぴ (from t he disbelieving folk. ) meaning, from t hose who denied t he t rut h and covered it . We t ruly have believed in You and put our t rust in You.

ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ や∠￢ヲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ べレ∠ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ る⇔ ヤ∠∇らホ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ∠ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ ゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ダヨ͡ よ͡ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ゼ あ よ∠ ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや (87. And We revealed t o Musa and his brot her (saying): "Provide dwellings for your people in Egypt , and make your dwellings as places for your worship, and perform t he Salah, and give glad t idings t o t he believers.'')

They were commanded to pray inside Their Homes Allah t ells us why He saved t he Children of Israel from Fir` awn and his people. He t ells us how he saved t hem. Allah commanded Musa and his brot her Harun t o t ake houses for t heir people in Egypt ,

び⇔るヤ∠∇らホ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ∠ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱぴ (and make your dwellings as places for your worship,) Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, while int erpret ing t his Ayah: "The Children of Israel said t o Musa, ` We cannot offer our prayers in public in front of Fir` awn's people.' So Allah permit t ed t hem t o pray in t heir houses. They were commanded t o build t heir houses in t he direct ion of t he Qiblah.'' Muj ahid comment ed,

び⇔るヤ∠∇らホ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ∠ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱぴ (and make your dwellings as places for your worship,) When Banu Israel feared t hat Fir` awn might kill t hem in t heir gat herings at t heir t emples, t hey were commanded t o t ake t heir houses as places of worship. The houses should be facing t he Qiblah and t he prayer could be in secret .'' This was st at ed by Qat adah and Ad-Dahhak as well.

ロ⊥ Κ ∂ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ろ ∠ ∇Βゎ∠ や￢ マ ∠ ルｚま͡ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ リ∠ハ ∇やヲぁヤ͡ツΒ⊥ ͡ャ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ Ι ⇔ や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ Α͡コ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇キギ⊥ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ザヨ͡ ∇デや ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ユ∠ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥

モ ∠ Β͡らシ ∠ ラ あ べ∠バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ハキｚ ∇ろら∠ Β͡ィぺ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや (88. And Musa said: "Our Lord! You have indeed best owed on Fir` awn and his chiefs splendor and wealt h in t he life of t his world, our Lord! That t hey may lead men ast ray from Your pat h. Our Lord! Dest roy t heir wealt h, and harden t heir heart s, so t hat t hey will not believe unt il t hey see t he painful t orment .'') (89. Allah said: "Verily, t he invocat ion of you bot h is accept ed. So you bot h keep t o t he st raight way, and follow not t he pat h of t hose who know not .'')

Musa supplicated against Fir` awn and His Chiefs Allah ment ioned what Musa said when he prayed against Fir` awn and his chiefs aft er t hey refused t o accept t he t rut h. They cont inued t o go ast ray and be haught y and arrogant . Musa said:

び⇔るレ∠ Α͡コ ロ⊥ Κ ∂ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ろ ∠ ∇Βゎ∠ や￢ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! You have indeed best owed on Fir` awn and his chiefs splendor) and pleasure of t his worldly life.

び⇔Ιや∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and wealt h) plent iful and abundant . Allah's st at ement ,

び∠マヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヲぁヤツ ͡ Β⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プぴ (in t he life of t his world, Our Lord! That t hey may lead men ast ray from Your pat h.) was read wit h t he word "Liyadillu'' and "Liyudillu.'' The first is wit h a Fat hah over t he Ya, meaning t hat "You have given t hem t hat while You know t hey would not believe in what You have sent me wit h t o t hem. You did t hat so t hey would gradually be drawn away from t he t rut h.'' As Allah said:

び͡ヮΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ わ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ぴ (t hat We may t est t hem t hereby.)(20:131) and (72:17). Ot hers read t he word wit h a Dammah over t he Ya. (i.e. Liyudillu) This makes t he Ayah mean: You have given t hem t hat so whoever You willed from among Your creat ures will be t ried. Those whom You wish t o misguide would t hink t hat You have given t hem t hat because You loved t hem and You cared about t hem.''

び∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ザヨ͡ ∇デや ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ

("Our Lord! Dest roy t heir wealt h,'') Ibn ` Abbas and Muj ahid said: "They asked Allah t o dest roy t heir wealt h.'' Ad-Dahhak, Abu Al-` Aliyah and Ar-Rabi` a bin Anas said: "Allah made t heir wealt h int o engraved st ones as it was before.'' About Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇キギ⊥ ∇セや∠ヱぴ (and harden t heir heart s) Ibn ` Abbas said, "Harden t heir heart s means put a seal on t hem.''

び∠ユΒ͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so t hat t hey will not believe unt il t hey see t he painful t orment .) This prayer was from Musa because he was angry for t he sake of Allah and His religion. He prayed against Fir` awn and his chiefs when he was cert ain t hat t here was no good in t hem. Similarly, Nuh prayed and said:

リ ∠ ョ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ケグ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ あ ケｚ ∀ゥヲ⊥ル メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ポ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇やヲぁヤツ ͡ Α⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡ま マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ - や⇔ケゅｚΑキ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや び や⇔ケゅｚヘミ∠ や⇔ゲ͡ィゅ∠プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギヤ͡Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ (My Lord! Leave not one of t he disbelievers on t he eart h! If You leave t hem, t hey will mislead Your servant s, and t hey will beget none but wicked disbelievers.) (71:26-27) Harun said "Amin'' t o his brot her's prayer. And Allah answered Musa's prayer. Allah said:

びゅ∠ヨム⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ハｚキ ∇ろ∠らΒ͡ィぺ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Verily, t he invocat ion of you bot h is accept ed.) ` in dest roying Fir` awn's people.

びゅ∠ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ハキｚ ∇ろ∠らΒ͡ィぺ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Verily I have answered your prayers (bot h of you). So you bot h keep t o t he st raight way) So as I have answered your prayer, you should remain st eadfast on My command.' Ibn Jurayj narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about t his Ayah: "Be st eadfast and follow My command.''

ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ら∠ ∇ゎほ∠プ∠ ゲ∠ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レら∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ル∇コヱ∠ ゅ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ベ ⊥ ゲ∠ ピ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ミ∠ ケ∠ ∇キぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ や⇔ヱ∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∇ピよ∠ ロ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲレ∠よ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ろレ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ン͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒͡ャま͡ Ι ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ろ ⊥ レ∠ョや∠￢

ろ ∠ ∇Βダ ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ャ∠や∠￢ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ マ ∠ ル͡ ギ∠ ら∠ よ͡ マ ∠ Βあイレ∠ ル⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プ - リ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ ∇リハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ マ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャ͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ピャ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや￢ (90. And We t ook t he Children of Israel across t he sea, and Fir` awn wit h his host s followed t hem in oppression and enmit y, t ill when drowning overt ook him, he (Fira` wn) said: "I believe t hat none has t he right t o be worshipped but He in Whom t he Children of Israel believe, and I am one of t he Muslims.'') (91. Now (you believe) while you refused t o believe before and you were one of t he mischief-makers. ) (92. So t his day We shall deliver your (dead) body (out from t he sea) t hat you may be a sign t o t hose who come aft er you! And verily, many among mankind are heedless of Our Ayat .)

The Children of Israel were saved and Fir` awn's People drowned Allah t ells us how He caused Fir` awn and his soldiers t o drown. The Children of Israel left Egypt in t he company of Musa. It was said t hat t here were six hundred t housand soldiers, plus offspring. They borrowed a lot of ornament s from t he Copt ics and t ook t hat wit h t hem. Fir` awn became very angry wit h t hem. So he sent heralds t o all t he cit ies t o send t heir soldiers. He embarked, following behind t hem, filled wit h great pride and wit h massive armies. Allah want ed t his t o happen for He had a plan for t hem. No one t hat had any aut horit y or power remained behind in Fir` awn's kingdom. They were all t oget her and caught t he Children of Israel at sunrise.

ゅｚル͡ま ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ラ ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや や∠￢へ∠ゲゎ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミケ∠ ∇ギヨ⊥ ャ∠ (And when t he t wo host s met each ot her, t he companions of Musa said: "We are sure t o be overt aken.'') (26:61) They said t hat because when t hey got t o t he seashore Fir` awn was behind t hem. The t wo groups met face t o face. The people wit h Musa kept asking, "How can we be saved t oday'' Musa replied, "I have been commanded t o come t his way.'' Musa said:

び͡リΑ͡ギ∇ヰΒ∠ シ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ ∠ バ͡ ョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay, verily, wit h me is my Lord. He will guide me.) (26:62) It had been so difficult , but it suddenly became easy. Allah commanded him t o st rike t he ocean wit h his st aff. He did and t he sea was cleft asunder, each part st ood like a might y mount ain. The sea was split int o t welve pat hs, each rout e for each Israelit e t ribe. Allah t hen commanded t he wind and t he pat h was dry for t hem.

フ ⊥ ゅ∠ガゎ∠ Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ジ∠らΑ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲデ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゆゲ͡ ∇ッゅ∠プぴ びヴ∠ゼ∇ガゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ミ∠ケキ∠ (And st rike a dry pat h for t hem in t he sea, fearing neit her t o be overt aken ぴby Fir` awnび nor being afraid (of drowning in t he sea).)(20:77) The wat er in bet ween t he pat hs appeared as windows and every t ribe was able t o see t he ot her so t hey would not t hink t hat ot hers were dest royed. The Children of Israel crossed t he sea. When t he last one crossed, Fir` awn and his soldiers had arrived at t he edge of t he ot her shore. They were one hundred t housand black horses in addit ion t o horsemen of ot her colors. When Fir` awn saw t he sea he was fright ened. He want ed t o t urn back, but it was t oo lat e. Allah's decree prevailed and t he prayer of Musa was answered. Jibril came on a war st allion. He passed by Fir` awn's horse. Jibril's horse whinnied at Fir` awn's and t hen Jibril rushed int o t he sea, and Fir` awn did t he same behind him. Fir` awn no longer had any cont rol over mat t ers. He want ed t o sound st rong before his chiefs, so he said: "The Children of Israel do not have more right in t he sea.'' So t hey rushed int o t he sea. Mika'il was behind t heir army pushing t hem all t o j oin. When t hey all were in t he sea and t he first of t hem was about t o emerge on t he ot her side, Allah, t he All-Powerful, commanded t he sea t o st rand t hem. The sea closed over t hem and none was saved. The waves t ook t hem up and down. The waves accumulat ed above Fir` awn and he was overwhelmed by t he st upors of deat h. While in t his st at e, he said:

∇やヲレ∠よ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ろレ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ン͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ヮ⇒͡ャ͡ま Ι ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ろ ⊥ レ∠ョや∠￢ぴ び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ (I believe t hat none has t he right t o be worshipped but He (Allah) in Whom t he Children of Israel believe, and I am one of t he Muslims.) He believed at a t ime when he couldn't benefit from his fait h.

ゅ∠ル∇ゲヘ∠ ⇒∠ミヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠レシ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ゅｚヨャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α マ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ヴ͡プ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ レｚ シ ⊥ ゅ∠レシ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ ゲ∠ ジ ͡カ ∠ ヱ∠ (So when t hey saw Our punishment , t hey said: "We believe in Allah Alone and rej ect (all) t hat we used t o associat e wit h Him as (His) part ners.'' Then t heir fait h could not avail t hem when t hey saw Our punishment . (Like) t his has been t he way of Allah in dealing wit h His servant s. And t here t he disbelievers lost ut t erly (when Our t orment covered t hem).)(40:84-85) Therefore Allah said, as a response t o Fir` awn,

び⊥モ∇らホ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βダ ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ャ∠や∠￢ぴ (Now (you believe) while you refused t o believe before) do you say t hat j ust now when you have disobeyed Allah before t hat .

び∠リΑ͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ぴ (And you were one of t he mischief-makers.) You were among t he makers of mischief on t he eart h who misled t he people.

Ι ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒Β͡ボ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ る⇔ ヨｚ も͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α (and We made t hem leaders invit ing t o t he Fire: and on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hey will not be helped.) (28:41) These fact s about Fir` awn and his st at us at t hat t ime were among t he secret s of t he Unseen t hat Allah revealed t o His Messenger, Muhammad . Similarly Abu Dawud At -Tayalisi recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Allah's Messenger said;

メ ͡ ゅ∠ェ ∇リョ͡ ∀グ͡カへ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ヶ͡レわ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ :モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ヶ͡ャ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ» ヮ⊥ ミ∠ ケ͡ ∇ギゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ る∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ガョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ∠ハ∇ゲプ͡ ユ͡ プ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ぁシキ⊥ ほ∠プ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや «る∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや (Jibril said t o me, "If you could have seen me while I was t aking black mud from t he sea and placing int o t he mout h of Fir` awn out of fear t hat t he mercy would reach him.'') Abu ` Isa At Tirmidhi and Ibn Jarir also recorded it . At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib Sahih.'' About Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔るΑ∠ や∠￢ マ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ル͡ ギ∠ ら∠ よ͡ マ ∠ Βあイレ∠ ル⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プぴ (So t his day We shall deliver your (dead) body (out from t he sea) t hat you may be a sign t o t hose who come aft er you!) Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers from among t he Salaf have said: "Some of t he Children of Israel doubt ed t he deat h of Fir` awn so Allah commanded t he sea t o t hrow his body -- whole, wit hout a soul -- wit h his known armor plat e. The body was t hrown t o a high place on t he land so t hat t he Children of Israel could confirm his deat h and dest ruct ion.'' That is why Allah said,

び∠マΒあイレ∠ ル⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プぴ

("So t his day We shall deliver your..'') meaning t hat We will put your body on a high place on t he eart h. Muj ahid said,

び∠マル͡ ギ∠ ら∠ よ͡ ぴ (your (dead) body) means, ` your physical body. "

び⇔る∠Αや∠￢ マ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ム∠わ͡ャぴ (t hat you may be a sign t o t hose who come aft er you!) meaning, so t hat might be a proof of your deat h and dest ruct ion for t he Children of Israel. That also st ood as a proof t hat Allah is All-Powerful, in Whose cont rol are all t he creat ures. Not hing can bear His anger. Fir` awn and his people were dest royed on t he day of ` Ashura', as recorded by Al-Bukhari, Ibn ` Abbas said, "When t he Prophet arrived at Al-Madinah, t he Jews fast ed t he day of ` Ashura'. So he asked,

«∨⊥ヮル∠ ヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ダゎ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ュ⊥ ヲ∠Β∇ャや や∠グワ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (What is t his day t hat you are fast ing) They responded ` This is t he day in which Musa was vict orious over Fir` awn.' So t he Prophet said,

«ロヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ダプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨよ͡ ペ ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠» (You have more right t o Musa t han t hey, so fast it .)

∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ベ ∃ ∇ギタ ͡ ぺ∠ヲｚ ら∠ ョ⊥ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ぺヲｚ よ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ｚ ま͡ ユ⊥ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや ゅ∠ヨプ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ͡ツ∇ボ∠Α マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ (93. And indeed We set t led t he Children of Israel in an honorable dwelling place, and provided t hem wit h good t hings, and t hey differed not unt il t he knowledge came t o t hem. Verily, your Lord will j udge bet ween t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion in t hat in which t hey used t o differ.)

The Establishment of the Children of Israel in the Land and Their Provision from the Good Things t hese Ayat , Allah t ells us about all t he worldly and religious gift s which He best owed upon t he Children of Israel. Allah's st at ement ,

び∃ベ∇ギタ ͡ ぺ∠ヲｚ ら∠ ョ⊥ ぴ (honorable dwelling place) means in Egypt and Syria, around Jerusalem, as it was said by some. When Allah dest royed Fir` awn and his soldiers, t he Mosaic St at e t ook cont rol of all of Egypt as Allah said:

ベ ∠ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ゼョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘバ∠ ∇ツわ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇をケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ろ ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろヨｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ミケ∠ ゅ∠よ ヴ͡わャｚや ゅ∠ヰよ∠ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ピョ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ノ⊥ レ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ル∇ゲョｚ キ∠ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥セゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ (And We made t he people who were considered weak t o inherit t he east ern part s of t he land and t he west ern part s t hereof which We have blessed. And t he fair Word of your Lord was fulfilled for t he Children of Israel, because of t heir endurance. And We dest royed complet ely all t he great works and buildings which Fir` awn and his people erect ed.)(7:137) He said in ot her Ayat :

ュ∃ ゅ∠ボョ∠ ヱ∠ コ∃ ヲ⊥レミ⊥ ヱ∠ - ラ ∃ ヲ⊥Βハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ィ∠ゲ∇カ∠ほ∠プぴ びモ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇をケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ - ユ∃ Α͡ゲミ∠ (So, We expelled t hem from gardens and springs. Treasures, and every kind of honorable place. Thus, and We caused t he Children of Israel t o inherit t hem.)(26:57 -59) He also said:

びラ ∃ ヲ⊥Βハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユミ∠ ぴ (How many of gardens and springs t hat t hey left behind. ..) (44:25-27) They t hen cont inued wit h Musa, t o seek Jerusalem -- t he land of Ibrahim, t he friend of Allah. There were giant people in Jerusalem. The Children of Israel refrained from fight ing t hem. So Allah expelled t hem int o t he wilderness for fort y years. During t his t ime in t he wilderness, first Harun died and t hen Musa. Yusha` bin Nun led aft er t hem. Allah support ed t hem t o conquer Jerusalem and rule it for a period of t ime. His st at ement ,

び͡れゅ∠らΒあト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ホ∠コ∠ケ∠ヱぴ (and provided t hem wit h good t hings) means from t he lawful, pure and useful provision t hat is good in nat ure and in Law. Then Allah said:

び⊥ユ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (and t hey differed not unt il t he knowledge came t o t hem.) There should be no reason for t hem t o have any disput es among t hem since Allah has sent t hem knowledge and explained different mat t ers and issues t o t hem. It has been ment ioned in a Hadit h,

∩⇔るホ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ギ∇ェま͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや キ∠ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ∇をや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや ン∠ケゅ∠ダレｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ヱ∠ ゐ ∃ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る⊥ ｚョほ⊥∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ベ ⊥ ゲ͡ わ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⇔るホ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ∇らシ ∠ ヱ∠ ͡ラゅ∠わ∠レ∇をや∠ヱ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∩⇔るホ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ «ケゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ (The Jews separat ed int o sevent y-one sect s, and t he Christ ians separat ed int o sevent y-t wo sect s, and t his Ummah will separat e int o sevent y-t hree sect s, one of which is in Paradise, sevent y-t wo in t he Fire.) They asked, "Who are t hey O Messenger of Allah!'' He replied;

«ヶ͡よゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ョ» (Those upon what I and my Companions are upon. ) It was recorded by Al-Hakim in his Must adrak wit h t his wording. So here Allah said,

びユ⊥ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ͡ツ∇ボΑ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ͡まぴ (Verily your Lord will j udge bet ween t hem) Here t he meaning is, t o dist inguish bet ween t hem

び∠ラヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (t he Day of Resurrect ion in t hat which t hey used t o differ.)

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ͡ ほ∠∇シゅ∠プ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ べｚヨョあ マ ｙセ ∠ ヶ͡プ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リョ͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゲ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲわ∠ ∇ヨヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ

-リ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ び ユ∠ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る∃ Α∠ や￢ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べィ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ (94. So if you are in doubt concerning t hat which We have revealed unt o you, t hen ask t hose who are reading t he Book before you. Verily, t he t rut h has come t o you from your Lord. So be not of t hose who doubt (it ).) (95. And be not one of t hose who belie t he Ayat of Allah, for t hen you shall be one of t he losers.) (96. Truly, t hose, against whom t he Word of your Lord has been j ust ified, will not believe.) (97. Even if every sign should come t o t hem, unt il t hey see t he painful t orment .)

Previous books Attest to the Truth of the Qur'an Allah said:

ン͡グャｚや ヴ ｚ ョあ Ε ⊥や ヴ ｚ ら͡ レｚャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ び͡モΒ͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱ り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ⇔よヲ⊥わ∇ムョ∠ ヮ⊥ ∠ルヱ⊥ギ͡イ∠Α (Those who follow t he Messenger, t he Prophet who can neit her read nor writ e whom t hey find writ t en of wit h t hem in t he Tawrah and t he Inj il.)(7:157) They are as cert ain of t his as t hey are about who t heir children are, yet t hey hide it and dist ort it . They did not believe in it despit e it s clear evidence. Therefore Allah said:

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ユ∠ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る∃ Α∠ や￢ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ (Truly, t hose, against whom t he Word (wrat h) of your Lord has been j ust ified, will not believe. Even if every sign should come t o t hem, unt il t hey see t he painful t orment .) meaning t hey would not believe in a way t hat t hey might benefit from t hat belief. This is when t hey believe at a t ime one may not be able t o benefit from his belief. An example is when Musa prayed against Fir` awn and his chiefs, saying:

∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇キギ⊥ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ザヨ͡ ∇デや ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ び∠ユΒ͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ (Our Lord! Dest roy t heir wealt h, and harden t heir heart s, so t hat t hey will not believe unt il t hey see t he painful t orment .)(10:88) And Allah said:

ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚミ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ∠ル ゅ∠レルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ ら⊥ ホ⊥ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲ∠ゼ∠ェ∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヰ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ (And even if We had sent down unt o t hem angels, and t he dead had spoken unt o t hem, and We had gat hered t oget her all t hings before t heir very eyes, t hey would not have believed, unless Allah willed, but most of t hem behave ignorant ly.) (6:111) Allah t hen said:

ュ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま べ∠ヰバ∠ ヘ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ∇ろレ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ る∀ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ヴ͡プ ン ͡ ∇ゴガ ͡ ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヘゼ ∠ ミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ べｚヨャ∠ ザ ∠ ル⊥ ヲ⊥Α びリ ∃ Β͡ェ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇バわｚ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや (98. Was t here any t own (communit y) t hat believed (aft er seeing t he punishment ), and it s fait h (at t hat moment ) saved it (from t he punishment )-- except t he people of Yunus; when t hey believed, We removed from t hem t he t orment of disgrace in t he life of t he (present ) world, and permit t ed t hem t o enj oy for a while).

Belief at the Time of Punishment did not help except with the People of Yunus Allah asked, ` did any t own from t he previous nat ions, believe in it s ent iret y when t hey received t he Messengers All of t he Messengers t hat We sent before you, O Muhammad, were denied by t heir people or t he maj orit y of t heir people.' Allah said,

Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ジエ ∠ Αぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ (Alas for mankind! There never came a Messenger t o t hem but t hey used t o mock at him.)(36:30)

Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ べ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ び ∀ラヲ⊥レ∇イョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀ゲ͡エ⇒∠シ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ

(Likewise, no Messenger came t o t hose before t hem but t hey said: "A sorcerer or a madman!'')(51:52) and

ゲ∃ Α͡グルｚ リあョ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ べ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠ワヲ⊥プゲ∠ ∇わョ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ Ι ｚ ま͡ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ボョぁ ユ͡ワゲ͡ ⇒∠をや∠￢ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (And similarly, We sent not a warner before you t o any t own (people) but t he luxurious ones among t hem said: "We found our fat hers following a cert ain way and religion, and we will indeed follow t heir foot st eps.'')(43:23) As found in t he aut hent ic Hadit h,

ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ぁゲヨ⊥ Α∠ ヶ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや モ ∠ バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ￢⊥ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ チ ∠ ゲ͡ ハ ⊥» ∩⊥モィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ぁゲヨ⊥ Α∠ ヶ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや∠ヱ ∩͡サゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ゃヘ͡ ∇ャや «ギ∠ェぺ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヶ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや∠ヱ ∩͡ラゅ∠ヤィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヶ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや∠ヱ (The Prophet s were displayed before me. There was a Prophet who passed wit h a group of people, and a Prophet who passed wit h only one man, a Prophet wit h t wo men, and a Prophet wit h no one.) Then he ment ioned t he mulit it ude of followers t hat Musa had, peace be upon him, t hen t hat he saw his nat ion of people filling from t he west t o t he east . The point is t hat bet ween Musa and Yunus, t here was no nat ion, in it s ent iret y, t hat believed except t he people of Yunus, t he people of Naynawa (Nineveh). And t hey only believed because t hey feared t hat t he t orment from which t heir Messenger warned t hem, might st rike t hem. They act ually wit nessed it s signs. So t hey cried t o Allah and asked for help. They engaged in humilit y in invoking Him. They brought t heir children and cat t le and asked Allah t o lift t he t orment from which t heir Prophet had warned t hem. As a result , Allah sent His mercy and removed t he scourge from t hem and gave t hem respit e. Allah said:

ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヘ∠ゼ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ べｚヨャ∠ ザ ∠ ル⊥ ヲ⊥Α ュ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ び∃リΒ͡ェ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇バわｚ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ン ͡ ∇ゴガ ͡ ャや (Except t he people of Yunus; when t hey believed, We removed from t hem t he t orment of disgrace in t he life of t he world, and permit t ed t hem t o enj oy for a while.) In int erpret ing t his Ayah, Qat adah said: "No t own has denied t he t rut h and t hen believed when t hey saw t he scourge, and t hen t heir belief benefit ed t hem, wit h t he except ion of t he people of Yunus. When t hey lost t heir Prophet and t hey t hought t hat t he scourge was close upon t hem, Allah sent t hrough t heir heart s t he desire t o repent . So t hey wore woolen fabrics and t hey separat ed each animal from it s offspring. They t hen cried out t o Allah for fort y night s. When Allah saw t he t rut h in t heir heart s and t hat t hey were sincere in t heir repent ance and regret s, He removed t he scourge from t hem.'' Qat adah said: "It was ment ioned t hat t he people of Yunus

were in Naynawa, t he land of Mosul.'' This was also report ed from Ibn Mas` ud, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr and ot hers from t he Salaf.

∇ユヰ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ リ ∠ ョ∠ Γ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ -リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ロ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ムゎ⊥ ろ ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ザ ∃ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ィゲあ ャや (99. And had your Lord willed, t hose on eart h would have believed, all of t hem t oget her. So, will you t hen compel mankind, unt il t hey become believers.) (100. It is not for any person t o believe, except by t he leave of Allah, and He will put t he Rij s on t hose who do not reason.)

It is not Part of Allah's Decree to compel Belief Allah said:

び∠マよぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And had your Lord willed) meaning ` O Muhammad, if it had been t he will of your Lord, He would make all t he people of t he eart h believe in what you have brought t o t hem. But Allah has wisdom in what He does.' Similarly, Allah said:

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや モ ∠ バ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガョ⊥ ∠ラヲ⊥ャや∠ゴ∠Α る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろヨｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ͡ャヱ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ユ∠ ェ ͡ ケｚ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ る͡ レｚ イ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚΚ ∂ ∇ョΙ ∂ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ (And if your Lord had so willed, He could surely have made mankind one Ummah, but t hey will not cease t o disagree. Except him on whom your Lord has best owed His mercy and for t hat did He creat e t hem. And t he Word of your Lord has been fulfilled (His saying): "Surely, I shall fill Hell wit h Jinn and men all t oget her.'') (11:118-119) He also said,

ン∠ギヰ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ∇ヲャｚ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ザ ͡ ⇒∠∇Α∇ゅΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや (Have not t hen t hose who believed yet known t hat had Allah willed, He could have guided all mankind) (13:31) Therefore, Allah said:

びサ ∠ ゅｚレャや ロ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ムゎ⊥ ろ ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (So, will you t hen compel mankind) and force t hem t o believe.

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il t hey become believers.) meaning, it is not for you t o do t hat . You are not commanded t o do t hat eit her. It is Allah Who

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ンギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ぁモツ ͡ Α⊥ ぴ (sends ast ray whom He wills, and guides whom He wills.)(35:8).

び∃れゲ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ジ ⊥ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ょワ∠ ∇グゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So do not dest roy yourself in sorrow for t hem.)

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ギワ⊥ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ (It is not up t o you t o guide t hem, but Allah guides whom He wills.)ぴ2:272び.

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヘルｚ ∀ノ͡ガ⇒∠よ マ ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (It may be t hat you would kill yourself wit h grief because t hey are not believers.) ぴ26:3び

び∠ろ∇らら∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ン͡ギ∇ヰゎ∠ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (you guide not who you like..) ぴ28:56び

び⊥ゆゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (Your dut y is only t o convey, and it is up t o Us t o reckon. ) ぴ13:40び

び ゲ∃ ト ͡ ∇Βジ ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ジャｚ - ∀ゲミあ ∠グョ⊥ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ゲミあ グ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So remind, you are only one who reminds. You are not a dict at or over t hem.) ぴ88:21-22び There are ot her Ayat besides t hese which prove t hat Allah is t he doer of what He want s, guiding whom He wills, leading whom He wills t o st ray, all out of His knowledge, wisdom, and j ust ice. Similarly, He said,

モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ザ ∃ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ィゲあ ャや (It is not for any person t o believe, except by t he leave of Allah, and He will put t he Rij s) That is, disorder and misguidance

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (upon t hose who do not reason) meaning, Allah's proofs and evidences, and He is t he Just in all mat t ers, guiding whom He wills t o guide, and leading whom He wills ast ray.

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ や∠クゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ルや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ リ∠ハ ケ⊥ グ⊥ ぁレャや∠ヱ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ΑΓや ヴ͡レ∇ピゎ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇や∇ヲヤ∠カ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ュ͡ ゅｚΑぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ レ∠Α ヴあイレ∠ ル⊥ ｚユを⊥ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヴｚルま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プ ア ͡ レ⊥ル ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ６ボェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや (101. Say: "Behold all t hat is in t he heavens and t he eart h.'' But neit her Ayat nor warners benefit t hose who do not believe. ) (102. Then do t hey wait save for t he likes of t he days of men who passed away before t hem Say: "Wait t hen, I am wait ing wit h you among t hose who wait .'') (103. Then We save Our Messengers and t hose who believe! Thus it is incumbent upon Us t o save t he believers.)

The Command to reflect upon the Creation of the Heavens and the Earth

Allah, t he Exalt ed, guides His servant s t o reflect upon His blessings. What Allah has creat ed in t he heavens and t he eart h is part of t he clear signs for t hose who possess correct underst anding. From t hat which is in t he heavens are t he luminous st ars, t he firmament s, t he moving planet ary bodies, t he sun and t he moon. This also includes t he night and day, t heir alt ernat ing, and t heir merging so t hat one is long and t he ot her is short . Then t hey alt ernat e (t hrough t he year) so t hat t he long one becomes short and t he short one becomes long. Likewise, from t he signs in t he heavens is t he rising of t he sun, it s vast ness, it s beaut y and it s adornment . Also, what ever rain t hat Allah sends down from t he heavens, t hereby bringing t he eart h t o life aft er it s deat h, and causing various t ypes of fruit s, crops, flowers and plant s t o grow, is from it s signs. What ever Allah creat es in t he eart h from t he various species of beast s, wit h t heir differing colors and benefit s (for man), are signs. The mount ains, plains, desert s, civilizat ions, st ruct ures and barren lands of t he eart h are signs. Then t here are t he wonders of t he sea and it s waves. Yet , it st ill has been made subservient and submissive t o t hose who t ravel upon it s surface. It carries t heir ships, allowing t hem t o t raverse upon it wit h ease. This is all under t he cont rol of t he Most Able; t here is no God wort hy of worship except Him and t here is no t rue Lord ot her t han Him. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ リ∠ハ ケ⊥ グ⊥ ぁレャや∠ヱ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ΑΓや ヴ͡レ∇ピゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (But neit her Ayat nor warners benefit t hose who do not believe.) This means, ` What t hing will benefit such disbelieving people besides t he heavenly and eart hly signs, and t he Messengers wit h t heir miracles, proofs and evidences t hat clearly prove t he t rut hfulness of t heir message' This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly! Those against whom t he Word of your Lord has been j ust ified, will not believe.) ぴ10:96び Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

リ͡ョ ∇や∇ヲヤ∠カ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ュ͡ ゅｚΑぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ レ∠Α ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ (Then do t hey wait save for t he likes of t he days of men who passed away before t hem) This means, ` Are t hese who rej ect you Muhammad, wait ing for t he vengeance and t orment like t he Days of Allah, when He punished t hose who came before t hem of t he previous nat ions t hat rej ect ed t heir Messengers'

ヴあイ∠レル⊥ ユｚ ん⊥ レ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヴｚルま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ (Say: "Wait t hen, I am wait ing wit h you among t hose who wait .'' Then We save Our Messengers and t hose who believe!) This means, ` Verily, We dest roy t hose who rej ect t he Messengers.'

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ア ͡ レ⊥ル ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ６ボェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Thus it is incumbent upon Us t o save t he believers.) This means t hat t his is a right t hat Allah, t he Exalt ed, has obligat ed upon His Noble Self. This is similar t o His st at ement ,

び∠るヨ∠ ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Your Lord has writ t en (prescribed) mercy for Himself) ぴ6:54び

Κ ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡レΑ͡キ リあョ マ ｙセ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇リム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚプ∠ヲ∠わ∠Α ン͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ リ ͡ Αあギヤ͡ャ マ ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ∇ユホ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ バ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ネ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや -リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔クま͡ マ ∠ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ポ ∠ ゲぁ ツ ⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ブ ∠ セ ͡ ゅ∠ミ Κ ∠ プ∠ ｙゲツ ⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや マ ∠ ∇ジジ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ょ ⊥ Β∠ダΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツヘ∠ ャ͡ キｚ へ∠ケ Κ ∠ プ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ ポ ∠ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ び ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ (104. Say:"O people! If you are in doubt about my religion - I will never worship t hose whom you worship besides Allah, rat her, I will worship Allah, t he One Who cause you t o die. And I was commanded t o be one of t he believers.) (105. And (I was commanded), "Direct your face t oward t he Hanif (monot heism) religion, and not be one of t he idolat ors.'') (106. "And do not invoke besides Allah what will not benefit you nor harm you. For if you did, you would cert ainly be one of t he wrongdoers.'') (107. And if Allah t ouches you wit h harm, t here is none who can lift it but He. And if He int ends good for you, t hen none can repel His favor which He causes t o reach whom He wills among His servant s. And He is t he Pardoning, t he Merciful.)

The Command to worship Allah Alone and rely upon Him Allah, t he Exalt ed, says t o His Messenger, Muhammad , ` Say: O mankind! If you are in doubt about t he correct ness of t hat which I have been sent wit h t he Hanif (monot heism) religion - t he

religion which Allah has revealed t o me -- t hen know t hat I do not worship t hose whom you worship besides Allah. Rat her, I worship Allah alone, ascribing no part ners t o Him. He is t he One Who causes you t o die j ust as He gives you life. Then, unt o Him is your final ret urn. If t he gods t hat you call upon are real, I st ill refuse t o worship t hem. So call upon t hem and ask t hem t o harm me, and you will see t hat t hey can bring no harm or benefit . The only One Who holds t he power of harm and benefit in His Hand is Allah alone, Who has no part ners.'

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (And I was commanded t o be one of t he believers.) ぴ10:104び Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ リ ͡ Αあギヤ͡ャ マ ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ∇ユホ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat you direct your face t owards t he Hanif religion) This means t o make one's int ent ion in worship solely for Allah alone, being a Hanif. Hanif means one who t urns away from associat ing part ners wit h Allah. For t his reason Allah says,

び∠リΒ∠ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and not be one of t he idolat ors. ) This st at ement is direct ly connect ed wit h t he previous st at ement ,

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (And I was commanded t o be one of t he believers.) Concerning His st at ement ,

びｙゲツ ⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや マ ∠ ∇ジジ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if Allah t ouches you wit h harm,) This verse cont ains t he explanat ion t hat good, evil, benefit and harm only come from Allah alone and no one shares wit h His power over t hese t hings. Therefore, He is t he One Who deserves t o be worshipped alone, wit hout ascript ion of part ners. Concerning His st at ement ,

び⊥ユΒ͡ェゲｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He is t he Pardoning, t he Merciful.) This means t hat He is forgiving and merciful t owards t hose who t urn t o Him in repent ance, regardless of what sin t he person has commit t ed. Even if t he person associat ed a part ner wit h Allah, verily Allah would forgive him if he repent ed from it .

リ ⊥ ヨ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ モ ぁツ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ モ ｚッ ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ン͡ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ン∠ギわ∠ ∇ワや ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ ∇ノら͡ ゎｚ やヱ∠ - モ ∃ Β͡ミヲ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨム͡ ⇒∠エ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タや∠ヱ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ び (108. Say: "O people! Now t he t rut h has come t o you from your Lord. So whoever receives guidance, he does so for t he good of himself. And whoever goes ast ray, he does so at his own loss. And I am not set over you as a guardian.) (109. And follow what is revealed t o you, and be pat ient unt il Allah gives j udgment . And He is t he best of t he j udges.) Allah, t he Exalt ed, commands His Messenger t o inform t he people t hat t hat which he has brought t hem from Allah is t he t rut h. It is a message concerning which t here is no doubt or suspicion. Therefore, whoever is guided by it and follows it , t hen he only benefit s himself by doing so. Likewise, whoever is misguided away from t his message, t hen he will suffer t he consequences against his own self.

び∃モΒ͡ミヲ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And I am not set over you as a guardian) This means, ` I am not a guardian over you in order for you t o become believers. I am only a warner t o you and guidance belongs t o Allah, t he Exalt ed.' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ゲら͡ ∇タや∠ヱ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ ∇ノら͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And follow what has been revealed t o you, and be pat ient ) This means, ` Adhere t o t hat which Allah has revealed t o you, and inspired you wit h, and be pat ient wit h t he opposit ion t hat you meet from t he people.'

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ユ∠ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il Allah gives j udgment ) This means, ` Unt il Allah j udges bet ween you and t hem.'

び∠リΒ͡ヨム͡ ⇒∠エ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He is t he best of j udges. ) This means t hat He is t he best of t hose who pass j udgment , due t o His Just ice and His wisdom.

The Tafsir of Surah Hud

(Chapter - 11) Which was Revealed in Makkah Surah Hud made the Prophet's Hair turn Gray Abu ` Isa At -Tirmidhi recorded from Ibn ` Abbas t hat Abu Bakr said, "O Messenger of Allah, verily your hair has t urned gray.'' The Prophet replied,

ユｚ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ゅ∠ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ る⊥ バ∠ ホ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや∠ヱ ∀キヲ⊥ワ ヶ͡レ∇わ∠らΒｚ ∠セ» «れ∠ケヲあ ミ⊥ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ ゅ∠ジわ∠ Α∠ (Surahs Hud, Al-Waqi` ah, Al-Mursalat , ` Amma Yat asa'lun ぴAn-Naba'び and Idhash-Shamsu Kuwwirat ぴAt -Takwirび have t urned my hair gray.) In anot her narrat ion he said,

«ゅ∠ヰゎ⊥ や∠ヲカ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀キヲ⊥ワ» (Surah Hud and it s sist ers...)

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

∇ラギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠ダ あ プ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠Αや￢ ∇ろヨ∠ ム͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ ∀ゆゅ∠わ͡ミ ゲャやぴ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡レルｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ - ゲ∃ Β͡らカ ∠ ユ∃ Β͡ムェ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥よヲ⊥ゎ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ゲ∀ Β͡ゼよ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ｚモミ⊥ れ ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔レジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ⇔ハゅ∠わョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ∇バわあ ヨ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヶあルみ͡プ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ツプ∠ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヵ͡ク ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ - ゲ∃ Β͡らミ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ (1. Alif Lam Ra. (This is) a Book, t he Ayat whereof are perfect (in every sphere of knowledge), and t hen explained in det ail from One (Allah), Who is All-Wise Well-Acquaint ed (wit h all t hings).) (2. (Saying) worship none but Allah. Verily, I (Muhammad) am unt o you from Him a

warner and a bringer of glad t idings.) (3. And (commanding you): "Seek t he forgiveness of your Lord, and t urn t o Him in repent ance, t hat He may grant you good enj oyment , for a t erm appoint ed, and best ow His abounding grace t o every owner of grace. But if you t urn away, t hen I fear for you t he t orment of a Great Day.) (4. To Allah is your ret urn, and He is able t o do all t hings.'')

The Qur'an and its Call to (worship) Allah Alone discussion concerning t he let t ers of t he alphabet (which appear at t he beginning of some chapt ers of t he Qur'an) has already preceded at t he beginning of Surat Al-Baqarah. That discussion is sufficient wit hout any need for repet it ion here. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ろヤ∠ダ あ プ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠Αや￢ ∇ろヨ∠ ム͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ぴ (The Ayat whereof are perfect and t hen explained in det ail) This means perfect in it s wording, det ailed in it s meaning. Thus, it is complet e in it s form and it s meaning. This int erpret at ion was report ed from Muj ahid and Qat adah, and Ibn Jarir ぴAt -Tabariび preferred it . Concerning t he meaning of Allah's st at ement ,

び∃ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ユ∃ Β͡ムェ ∠ ∇ラギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョぴ (from One (Allah), Who is All-Wise, Well-Acquaint ed.) This means t hat it (t he Qur'an) is from Allah, Who is Most Wise in His st at ement s and His Laws, and Most Aware of t he final out come of mat t ers.

び∠ヮヤｚャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ぴ ((Saying) worship none but Allah.) This means t hat t his Qur'an descended, perfect and det ailed, wit h t he purpose of Allah's worship alone, wit hout any part ners. This is similar t o t he st at ement of Allah, t he Exalt ed,

ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥ル Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ (And We did not send any Messenger before you but We revealed t o him (saying): There is no God but I, so worship Me.) ぴ21:25び It is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∠れヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚト∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ

(And verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming): ` Worship Allah (Alone), and avoid Taghut (calling false deit ies.)')ぴ16:36び In reference t o Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ゲΒ͡ゼよ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡レルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, I am unt o you from Him a warner and a bringer of glad t idings.) This means, "Verily, I am unt o you a warner of t he punishment if you oppose Him (Allah), and a bringer of t he good news of reward if you obey Him.'' This meaning has been recorded in t he aut hent ic Hadit h which st at es t hat t he Messenger of Allah ascended mount As-Safa and called out t o his near relat ives of t he Quraysh t ribe. When t hey gat hered around him, he said,

ゅ⇔ヤ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ ズ ∃ ∇Αゲ∠ ホ⊥ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バョ∠ ゅ∠Α» «∨ｚヶホ͡ ギあ ダ ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ジャ∠ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ エ ⊥ あらダ ∠ ゎ⊥ (O people of Quraysh, if I informed you t hat a cavalry was going t o at t ack you in t he morning, would you not believe me) They replied, "We have not found you t o be a liar.'' He said,

«ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ヵ∠ギ∠Α リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ヶあルみ͡プ∠ » (Verily I am a warner unt o you before a severe punishment .) Concerning His st at ement ,

ゅ⇔ハゅわ∠ ョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ∇バわあ ヨ∠ Α⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥よヲ⊥ゎ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヵ͡ク ｚモミ⊥ れ ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔レジ ∠ェ ∠ び⊥ヮヤ∠∇ツプ∠ (And (commanding you): ` Seek t he forgiveness of your Lord, and t urn t o Him in repent ance, t hat He may grant you good enj oyment , for a t erm appoint ed, and best ow His abounding grace t o every owner of grace.) This means, "I am commanding you t o seek forgiveness from previous sins and t o t urn t o Allah from fut ure sins, and t hereaft er you abide by t hat .''

びゅ⇔レジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ⇔ハゅ∠わョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ∇バわあ ヨ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (t hat He may grant you good enj oyment ,) This is in reference t o t his worldly life.

び⊥ヮヤ∠∇ツプ∠ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヵ͡ク ｚモミ⊥ れ ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (for a t erm appoint ed, and best ow His abounding grace t o every owner of grace.) This refers t o t he Hereaft er, according t o Qat adah. "This is like t he st at ement of Allah,

∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ん∇ルぺ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ミ∠ ク∠ リあョ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ぴ び⇔るら∠ Βあ デ ∠ り⇔ ヲ∠Βェ ∠ ヮ⊥ レｚΒ∠ Β͡ ∇エレ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ (Whoever works right eousness -- whet her male or female -- while a t rue believer, verily t o him We will give a good life.)ぴ16:97び Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∃ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヶあルみ͡プ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (But if you t urn away, t hen I fear for you t he t orment of a Great Day.) This is a severe t hreat for whoever t urns away from t he commandment s of Allah, t he Exalt ed, and rej ect s His Messengers. Verily, t he punishment will afflict such a person on t he Day of Resurrect ion and t here will be no escape from it .

び∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ぶや ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (To Allah is your ret urn,) This is means your ret urn on t he Day of Judgement .

び∀ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He is able t o do all t hings.) This means t hat He is capable of doing what ever He wishes, whet her it be goodness t owards His Awliya' (friends and allies), or vengeance upon His enemies. This also includes His abilit y t o repeat t he creat ion of His creat ures on t he Day of Resurrect ion. This sect ion encourages fear, j ust as t he previous sect ion encourages hope.

リ ∠ Β͡ェ Ι∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レ∇んΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ Ι∠ぺぴ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ヤ∇バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲジ ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠Βを͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ び ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ (5. No doubt ! They did fold up t heir breast s, t hat t hey may hide from Him. Surely, even when t hey cover t hemselves wit h t heir garment s, He knows what t hey conceal and what t hey reveal. Verily, He is t he All-Knower of t he (innermost secret s) of t he breast s.)

Allah is Aware of All Things Ibn ` Abbas said, "They used t o dislike facing t he sky wit h t heir privat e part s, part icularly during sexual relat ions. Therefore, Allah revealed t his verse.'' Al-Bukhari recorded by way of Ibn Jurayj , who report ed from Muhammad bin ` Abbad bin Ja` far who said, "Ibn ` Abbas recit ed, (ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ヶ͡ルヲ∠レ∇んゎ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ) "Behold t heir breast s did fold up.'' So I said: ` O Abu Al-` Abbas! What does t heir breast s did fold up- mean' He said, ` The man used t o have sex wit h his woman, but he

would be shy, or he used t o have answering t he call of nat ure (in an open space) but , he would be shy. Therefore, t his verse,

び∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レ∇んΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ Ι∠ぺぴ (No doubt ! They did fold up t heir breast s,) was revealed.''' In anot her wording of t his narrat ion, Ibn ` Abbas said, "There were people who used t o be shy t o remove t heir clot hes while answering t he call of nat ure in an open space and t hus be naked exposed t o t he sky. They were also ashamed of having sexual relat ions wit h t heir women due t o fear of being exposed t owards t he sky. Thus, t his was revealed concerning t hem.'' Al-Bukhari report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat

び∠ラヲ⊥ゼ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ぴ (t hey cover t hemselves) means t hat t hey cover t heir heads.

ゅ∠ヰホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ゅ∠ヰハ ∠ キ∠ ∇ヲわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワゲｚ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ び (6. And no moving creat ure is t here on eart h but it s provision is due from Allah. And He knows it s dwelling place and it s deposit . All is in a Clear Book.)

Allah is Responsible for the Provisions of All Creatures Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs t hat He is responsible for t he provisions of all t he creat ures t hat dwell in t he eart h, whet her t hey are small, large, sea-dwelling or land-dwelling. He knows t heir place of dwelling and t heir place of deposit . This means t hat He knows where t heir j ourneying will end in t he eart h and where t hey will seek shelt er when t hey wish t o nest . This place of nest ing is also considered t heir place of deposit . ` Ali bin Abi Talhah and ot hers report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said concerning t he st at ement ,

び⊥ユヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ぴ (And He knows it s dwelling place) t hat it means where it resides. In reference t o t he st at ement ,

びゅ∠ワゲｚ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ぴ (and it s deposit .) he (Ibn ` Abbas) said it means where it will die. Allah informs us t hat all of t his is writ t en in a Book wit h Allah t hat explains it in det ail. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

ゲ⊥ Β͡トΑ∠ ゲ∃ も͡ ゅ∠デ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ リ͡ョ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇デゲｚ プ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ん∇ョぺ∠ ∀ユ∠ョぺ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βェ ∠ ゅ∠レイ ∠ よ͡ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ｚユを⊥ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ (There is not a moving creat ure on eart h, nor a bird t hat flies wit h it s t wo wings, but are communit ies like you. We have neglect ed not hing in t he Book, t hen unt o t heir Lord t hey (all) shall be gat hered.) ぴ6:38び, and

ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ウ ⊥ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ヘョ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ ホ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ リ͡ョ テ ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ∇デケ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ ヴ͡プ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ザ ∃ よ͡ ゅ∠Α (And wit h Him are t he keys of t he Ghayb (all t hat is hidden and unseen), none knows t hem but He. And He knows what ever t here is in t he land and in t he sea; not a leaf falls, but he knows it . There is not a grain in t he darkness of t he eart h nor anyt hing fresh or dry, but is writ t en in a Clear Record.) ぴ6:59び

る͡ わｚ シ ͡ ヴ͡プ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Αぁ ぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ ャ͡ ￢͡ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ セ ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をヲ⊥バ∇らョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚま͡ ろ ∠ ∇ヤホ⊥ リ͡ゃャ∠ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ャ∠ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ り∃ キ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇バョｚ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∠ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲカ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プヱ⊥ゲ∇ダョ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ ⊥ ら͡ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ｚ ャ⊥ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャｚ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ベ ∠ ゅ∠ェヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ (7. And He it is Who has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h in six Days and His Throne was over t he wat er, t hat He might t ry you, which of you is t he best in deeds. But if you were t o say t o

t hem: "You shall indeed be raised up aft er deat h, '' t hose who disbelieve would be sure t o say, "This is not hing but obvious magic.'') (8. And if We delay t he t orment for t hem t ill a det ermined Ummah (t erm), t hey are sure t o say, "What keeps it back'' Verily, on t he day it reaches t hem, not hing will t urn it away from t hem, and t hey will be surrounded by (or fall in) t hat at which t hey used t o mock!)

Allah created the Heavens and the Earth in Six Days Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs of His power over all t hings, and t hat He creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h in six days. He ment ions t hat His Throne was over t he wat er before t hat , j ust as Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Imran bin Husayn said, "The Messenger of Allah said,

«ユΒ͡ヨゎ∠ ヶ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠Α ン∠ゲ∇ゼら⊥ ∇ャや やヲ⊥ヤら∠ ∇ホや» (Accept t he glad t idings, O t ribe of Tamim!) They said, ` Verily you have brought us glad t idings and you have given us.' Then he said,

«リ∠ヨΒ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠Α ン∠ゲ∇ゼら⊥ ∇ャや やヲ⊥ヤら∠ ∇ホや» (Accept t he glad t idings, O people of Yemen!) They said, ` We accept . Therefore, inform us about t he beginning of t his mat t er and how it was.' He said,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ セ ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∩∃￢∇ヶセ ∠ あモミ⊥ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ» あモミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ミク͡ ド ͡ ヲ⊥ヘ∇エヨ∠ ∇ャや ゥ ͡ ∇ヲヤｚャや ヶ͡プ ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや «￢∇ヶセ ∠ (Allah was before everyt hing and His Throne was over t he wat er. He t hen wrot e in t he Preserved Tablet ment ioning everyt hing.) Then a man came t o me and said, "O ` Imran, your she camel has escaped from her fet t er.'' I t hen went out aft er her and I do not know what was said aft er I left .'' This Hadit h has been recorded in t he Two Sahihs of Al-Bukhari and Muslim wit h a variet y of wordings. In Sahih Muslim, it is recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr bin Al-` As said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ペ ∠ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ペ ͡ も͡ ゅ∠ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ Α͡キゅ∠ボョ∠ ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ る∃ レ∠ シ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ジ∇ヨガ ∠ よ͡ チ ∠ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ れ ͡ や∠ヲヨｚジャや «￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ セ ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ (Verily Allah measured t he amount of sust enance of t he creat ures fift y t housand years before He creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, and His Throne was over t he wat er.) Under t he

explanat ion of t his verse, Al-Bukhari recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ペヘ͡ ∇ルぺ⊥ ∇ペヘ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ :モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ» (Allah, t he Might y and Sublime, said, ` Spend and I will spend on you.') And he said,

モ ∠ ∇Βヤｚャや ￢⊥ ゅｚエシ ∠ ∩∀るボ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ヰツ ⊥ Β͡ピΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ン∠ほ∇ヤョ∠ ぶ ͡ や ギ⊥ Α∠ » «ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ (Allah's Hand is full, and it is not diminished by spending t hroughout t he night and t he day.) He also said,

チ ∠ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ れ ͡ や∠ヲヨｚジャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ グ⊥ ∇レョ⊥ ペ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠» ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ セ ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∩͡ヮレ͡ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヂピ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ «ノ∠プ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヂ ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ ⊥ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや (Have you seen what has been spent since t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h Verily it does not diminish what is in His Right Hand (in t he slight est ) and His Throne was over t he wat er. In His Hand is t he Scale and he lowers and raises it .) Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔Κヨ∠ ハ ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Αぁ ぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ (t hat He might t ry you, which of you is t he best in deeds.) This means t hat He creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h for t he benefit of His servant s, whom He creat ed so t hat t hey may worship Him and not associat e anyt hing wit h Him as a part ner. Allah did not creat e t his creat ion (of t he heavens and t he eart h) out of mere frivolit y. This is similar t o His st at ement ,

Κ ⇔ ト ͡ ⇒∠よ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ モ ∀ ∇Αヲ∠ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ぁニ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ び ケ͡ ゅｚレャや (And We creat ed not t he heaven and t he eart h and all t hat is bet ween t hem wit hout purpose! That is t he considerat ion of t hose who disbelieve! Then woe t o t hose who disbelieve from t he Fire!) ぴ38: 27び Allah t he Exalt ed, said,

Ι ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ん∠らハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ ͡エ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや マ ⊥ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ヤ⇒∠バわ∠ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ び ユ͡ Α͡ゲム∠ ∇ャや ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ (Did you t hink t hat We creat ed you in play (wit hout any purpose), and t hat you would not be brought back t o Us So Exalt ed is Allah, t he True King: t here is no God but He, t he Lord of t he Supreme Throne!) ぴ23:115-116び Allah, t he Exalt ed, said,

びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ザ ∠ ル͡Ηや∠ヱ リ ｚイ ͡ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And I (Allah) creat ed not t he Jinn and mankind except t hat t hey should worship Me (Alone).) ぴ51:56び Concerning t he st at ement of Allah,

び∇ユミ⊥ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ (t hat He might t ry you,) It means so t hat He (Allah) may t est you. Concerning t he st at ement ,

び⇔Κヨ∠ ハ ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Αぁ ぺ∠ぴ (which of you is t he best in deeds.) It is import ant t o not e here t hat Allah did not say, "Which of you has done t he most deeds.'' Rat her, He said, "Best in deeds.'' A deed cannot be considered a good deed unt il it is done sincerely for Allah, t he Might y and Sublime, and it must be in accordance wit h t he legislat ion of t he Messenger of Allah . Whenever a deed lacks one of t hese condit ions, t hen it is null and void.

The Polytheists hasten their Torment by arguing against Resurrection after Death Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び͡れ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をヲ⊥バ∇らョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ろ ∠ ∇ヤホ⊥ リ͡ゃ∠ャ∠ヱぴ (But if you were t o say t o t hem: "You shall indeed be raised up aft er deat h.'') Allah, t he Exalt ed, is saying, "O Muhammad, if you were t o inform t hese polyt heist s t hat Allah is going t o resurrect t hem aft er t heir deat h, j ust as He creat ed t hem originally (t hey would st ill rej ect ).'' Even t hough t hey know t hat Allah, t he Exalt ed, is t he One Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, j ust as He said,

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ｚリャ⊥ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リョｚ ユ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ リ͡ゃ∠ャ∠ヱぴ

(And if you ask t hem who creat ed t hem, t hey will surely say: "Allah.'')ぴ43:87び Allah says,

チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ リ͡ゃ∠ャ∠ヱぴ び⊥ヮヤｚャや リ ｚ ャ⊥ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ ヱ∠ (And if you were t o ask t hem: "Who has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h and subj ect ed t he sun and t he moon'' They will surely reply: "Allah.'') ぴ29:61び Even aft er t heir awareness of t his (Allah's creat ing), t hey st ill rej ect t he resurrect ion and t he promised ret urn on t he Day of Judgement . Yet , in reference t o abilit y, t he resurrect ion is easier (for Allah t o perform) t han t he original creat ion. As Allah said,

ラ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ぺ⊥ギ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (And He it is Who originat es t he creat ion, t hen He will repeat it (aft er it has perished); and t his is easier for Him.) ぴ30:27び Allah also said,

び∃りギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘレ∠ ミ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ん⊥ ∇バよ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅｚョぴ (The creat ion of you all and t he resurrect ion of you all are only as (t he creat ion and resurrect ion of) a single person.) ぴ31:28び Concerning t he st at ement ,

び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ Ι ｚ ま͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ぴ (This is not hing but obvious magic.) The polyt heist s say t his due t o t heir disbelief and obst inacy. They say, "We do not believe your claim t hat resurrect ion will occur.'' They also say, "He (Muhammad) only says t his (resurrect ion of t he dead) because he is bewit ched, and he want s you t o follow him in what his bewit chment t ells him. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∃りキ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇バョｚ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲカ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And if We delay t he t orment for t hem t ill a det ermined t erm,) Allah, t he Exalt ed, is saying "If We delay t he t orment and t he dest ruct ion of t hese polyt heist s unt il an appoint ed t ime and a period det ermined, and We promise t hem a specific t ime period (of life), t hey would st ill say, in rej ect ion and hast e;

び⊥ヮジ ⊥ ら͡ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (What keeps it back) They mean by t his, "What delays t his t orment from overt aking us'' Bot h rej ect ion and doubt are t heir very nat ure. Theref ore, t hey have no escape or refuge from t he t orment .

The Meanings of the Word Ummah The word Ummah is used in t he Qur'an and Sunnah wit h a number of different meanings. Somet imes when it is used it means a specified period of t ime. An example is t he st at ement of Allah, t he Exalt ed, in t his verse,

び∃りキ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇バョｚ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (t ill a det ermined Ummah (t erm),) This is also t he meaning in t he st at ement of Allah in Surah Yusuf,

び∃るョｚ ぺ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゲ∠ ミ∠ キｚ や∠ヱ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠イル∠ ン͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (Then t he man who was released, now aft er Ummah (some t ime) remembered.) ぴ12:45び The word Ummah is also used t o refer t o t he Imam (leader) who is followed. An example of t his is in t he st at ement of Allah,

リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ゅ⇔わレ͡ ⇒∠ホ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Verily, Ibrahim was an Ummah, obedient t o Allah, Hanif, and he was not of t hose who were polyt heist s.) ぴ16:120び The word Ummah is also used t o mean religion and religious creed. This is as Allah ment ions concerning t he polyt heist s, t hat t hey said,

ユ͡ワゲ͡ ⇒∠をや∠￢ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ べ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ボョぁ (Verily, we found our fat hers following a cert ain way and religion, and we will indeed follow t heir foot st eps. ) ぴ43:23び The word Ummah is also used t o mean a group (of people). This is as Allah says,

サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α∠ ∇ギョ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ョ キ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ボ∇ジΑ∠ (And when he arrived at t he wat er (well) of Madyan, he found t here a group of men wat ering (t heir flocks).) ぴ28:23び Allah also said,

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∠れヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚト∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ (And verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming): "Worship Allah (Alone), and avoid Taghut .'') ぴ16:36び Allah also said,

∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シケｚ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ モ あ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ (And for every Ummah t here is a Messenger; when t heir Messenger comes, t he mat t er will be j udged bet ween t hem wit h j ust ice, and t hey will not be wronged.) ぴ10:47び The meaning of Ummah here is t hose people who have had a Messenger sent among t hem. The meaning of Ummah in t his cont ext includes t he believers and t he disbelievers among t hem. This is like what has been recorded in Sahih Muslim,

ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ∇リョ͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヶ͡よ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» ゅｚャま͡ ヶ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ｚユを⊥ ヶ ｘ ル͡ や∠ゲ∇ダル∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヵ ｘ キ͡ ヲ⊥ヰΑ∠ る͡ ョｚ ほ⊥∇ャや «ケゅｚレャや モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ (By He in Whose Hand is my soul! t here is no one of t his Ummah, whet her he be a Jew or Christ ian, who hears of me and does not believe in me, except t hat he will ent er t he Hellfire.) In reference t o t he Ummah of followers, t hen t hey are t hose who believe in t he Messengers, as Allah said,

び͡サゅｚレヤ͡ャ ∇ろィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミぴ (You (t he followers of Prophet Muhammad) are t he best Ummah ever raised up for mankind.) ぴ3:110び In t he Sahih t he Prophet said,

«ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホほ∠プ∠ » (Then I will say, "My Ummah (followers), my Ummah!'') The word Ummah is also used t o mean a sect or part y. An example of t his usage is in t he st at ement of Allah,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∇ヰ∠Α ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ び (And of t he people of Musa t here is an Ummah who lead (t he men) wit h t rut h and est ablished j ust ice t herewit h.) ぴ7:159び Likewise is His st at ement ,

びる∀ ヨ∠ も͡ べ∠ホ ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ぴ (A part y of t he People of t he Script ure st and for t he right .) ぴ3:113び

ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ワゅ∠レ∇ハゴ∠ ル∠ ｚユを⊥ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゅｚレ͡ョ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡ や ゅ∠レ∇ホク∠ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ￢∠ へｚゲッ ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∠￢べ∠ヨ∇バ∠ル ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ホク∠ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ミ ∀サヲ⊥ゃ∠Β∠ャ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ゥ ∀ ゲ͡ ヘ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヶあレハ ∠ れ ⊥ ゅ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ょ ∠ ワ∠ ク∠ リ ｚ ャ∠ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わｚジョ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ - ∀ケヲ⊥ガ∠プ び ∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゲ∀ ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ (9. And if We give man a t ast e of mercy from Us, and t hen wit hdraw it from him, verily, he is despairing, ungrat eful.) (10. But if We let him t ast e good (favor) aft er evil (povert y and harm) has t ouched him, he is sure t o say: "Ills have depart ed from me.'' Surely, he is exult ant and boast ful (ungrat eful t o Allah).) (11. Except t hose who show pat ience and do right eous good deeds: t hose, t heirs will be forgiveness and a great reward (Paradise).)

The changing of Man's Attitude in Happiness and Hardship Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs about mankind and t he blamewort hy charact erist ics t hat he possesses, except for t hose believing servant s upon whom Allah has best owed His mercy. Allah explains t hat when any hardship befalls man, aft er he has experienced blessings, he is disheart ened and he despairs of any good in t he fut ure. He denies and rej ect s (t he bount ies of) his previous condit ion. Thus, he behaves as if he has never seen any good and he loses all hope for relief (from his sit uat ion). Likewise, if any blessing befalls him aft er displeasure,

びヶあレハ ∠ れ ⊥ ゅ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ょ ∠ ワ∠ ク∠ リ ｚ ャ∠ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ぴ (he is sure t o say, "Ills have depart ed from me.'') This means t hat he will claim t hat no harm or calamit y will afflict him aft er t his (blessing).

び∀ケヲ⊥ガプ∠ ゥ ∀ ゲ͡ ヘ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Surely, he is exult ant and boast ful (ungrat eful t o Allah).) This means t hat he is pleased wit h what he has in his hand and ungrat eful (t o Allah). At t he same t ime he is boast ful t owards ot hers. Allah, t he Exalt ed, t hen says,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except t hose who show pat ience) meaning, t hose who show pat ience during t imes of hardship and adversit y. In reference t o Allah's st at ement ,

び͡れゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤ͡ヨ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (and do right eous good deeds) This means t hat t hey perform t he good deeds in t imes of ease and good healt h. Concerning t he st at ement ,

び∀りゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (t hose, t heirs will be forgiveness) meaning, t hat t hey will be forgiven due t o t he calamit ies t hat afflict ed t hem. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゲ∀ ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and a great reward.) This great reward is due t o t hem because of what t hey sent fort h (of good deeds) in t heir t imes of ease. This is similar t o what is ment ioned in t he Hadit h,

ユｘ ビ ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ユｘ ワ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ Β͡ダΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» る⊥ ミ∠ ∇ヲｚゼャや ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩∀ラゴ∠ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ょ ∀ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ょ ∀ ダ ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ «ロゅ∠Αゅ∠トカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゲ∠ ヘｚ ミ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰミ⊥ ゅ∠ゼΑ⊥ (By He in Whose Hand is my soul! No worry, calamit y, dist ress, illness, or grief st rikes a believer, even t he prick of a t horn, except t hat Allah will expiat e his sins for him because of it .) In t he Sahih it is recorded t hat t he Prophet said,

￢⇔ ゅ∠ツホ∠ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ヶ͡ツ∇ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゲ∠ ム∠ ゼ ∠ プ∠ ￢⊥ やｚゲシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚャま͡

や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゲ∠ ら∠ ダ ∠ プ∠ ￢⊥ やｚゲッ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ «リ͡ョ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ (By He in Whose Hand is my soul! Allah does not decree any mat t er for t he believer except t hat it is good for him. If any blessing befalls him, he is t hankful (t o Allah) and t hat is good for him. If any harm comes t o him, he is pat ient and t hat is also good for him. This is (a bount y) exclusively for t he believer.) For t his reason, Allah, t he Exalt ed, says,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ - ゲ∃ ∇ジカ ⊥ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ラ ｚ ま͡ - ゲ͡ ∇ダバ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇や∇ヲタ ∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ び ゲ͡ ∇らダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ∇や∇ヲタ ∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ ヱ∠ (By Al-` Asr (t he t ime). Verily, man is in loss. Except t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds. And recommend one anot her t o t he t rut h and recommend one anot her t o pat ience.) ぴ103:1-3び Allah also says,

び ゅ⇔ハヲ⊥ヤワ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, man was creat ed very impat ient .) ぴ70:19び

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∀ペ͡もべ∠ッ∠ヱ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∀ポ͡ケゅ∠ゎ マ ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀ゴレ∠ミ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ ぺ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ポ ∠ ケ⊥ ∇ギタ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ろ ∠ ルぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ マ ∀ ヤ∠ョ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ケ∃ ヲ∠ シ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ゼバ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ロ⊥ や∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - ∀モΒ͡ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや∠ヱ ∃れゅ∠Α∠ゲ∠わ∇ヘョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョあ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユャｚみ͡プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ よ͡ メ ͡ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョぁ

(12. So perchance you may give up a part of what is revealed unt o you, and t hat your breast feels st rait ened for it because t hey say, "Why has not a t reasure been sent down unt o him, or an angel come wit h him'' But you are only a warner. And Allah is a Guardian over all t hings.) (13. Or t hey say, "He forged it .'' Say: "Bring you t hen t en forged Surahs like unt o it , and call whomsoever you can, ot her t han Allah, if you speak t he t rut h!'') (14. If t hen t hey answer you not , know t hen t hat it is sent down wit h t he knowledge of Allah and t hat t here is no god besides Him! Will you t hen be Muslims)

The Messenger grieving by the Statements of the Polytheists, and His Gratification This st at ement of Allah, t he Exalt ed, t o His Messenger comfort ed t he worries t hat t he polyt heist s were causing him due t o t heir st at ement s direct ed t owards him. This is j ust as Allah says about t hem,

ヴ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰャ͡ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ マ ∀ ヤ∠ョ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ Ι∇ヲャ∠ ベ ͡ や∠ヲ∇シΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∀るレｚ ∠ィ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀ゴ∇レ∠ミ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ - や⇔ゲΑ͡グル∠ Κ ⇔ィ ⊥ ケ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ ラ͡ま ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ び や⇔ケヲ⊥エ∇ジョｚ (And t hey say: "Why does t his Messenger eat food, and walk about in t he market s. Why is not an angel sent down t o him t o be a warner wit h him'' Or; "(why) has not a t reasure been grant ed t o him, or why has he not a garden whereof he may eat '' And t he wrongdoers say: "You follow none but a man bewit ched.'') ぴ25:7-8び Thus, Allah commanded His Messenger and guided him t o not let t hese st at ement s of t heirs grieve his heart . Allah direct ed him t o not let t hese st at ement s prevent him, or det er him from calling t hem t o Allah, bot h day and night . This is as Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ポ ∠ ケ⊥ ∇ギタ ∠ ペ ⊥ Β͡ツΑ∠ マ ∠ ルｚぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Indeed, We know t hat your breast is st rait ened at what t hey say.) ぴ15:97び Allah says in t his verse,

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∀ペ͡もべ∠ッ∠ヱ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∀ポ͡ケゅ∠ゎ マ ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ び∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ポ ∠ ケ⊥ ∇ギタ ∠

(So perchance you may give up a part of what is revealed unt o you, and t hat your breast feels st rait ened for it because t hey say...) The meaning here is t hat he (t he Prophet ) may be compelled t o give up t he Message due t o what t hey (t he polyt heist s) say about him. However, Allah goes on t o explain: "You (Muhammad) are only a warner and you have an example in your brot hers of t he Messengers who came before you. For verily, t he previous Messengers were rej ect ed and harmed, yet t hey were pat ient unt il t he help of Allah came t o t hem.''

An Explanation concerning the Miracle of the Qur'an Then Allah, t he Exalt ed, explains t he miracle of t he Qur'an, and t hat no one is able t o produce it s like, or even bring t en chapt ers, or one chapt er like it . The reason for t his is t hat t he Speech of t he Lord of all t hat exist s is not like t he speech of t he creat ed beings, j ust as His at t ribut es are not like t he at t ribut es of t he creat ion. Not hing resembles His exist ence. Exalt ed is He, t he Most Holy, and t he Sublime. There is no deit y wort hy of worship except He and t here is no t rue Lord ot her t han He. Then Allah goes on t o say,

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユャｚみ͡プ∠ ぴ (If t hen t hey answer you not ,) Meaning, t hat if t hey do not come wit h a reply t o t hat which you have challenged t hem wit h (t o t he reproduct ion of t en chapt ers like t he Qur'an), t hen know t hat it is due t o t heir inabilit y t o do so. Know (t hat t his is a proof) t hat t his is t he speech revealed from Allah. It cont ains His knowledge, His commands and His prohibit ions. Then Allah cont inues by saying,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat t here is no God besides Him! Will you t hen be Muslims)

∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ あフヲ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ レ∠ Α͡コヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョぴ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジガ ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∠ャゅ∠ヨ∇ハ∠ぺ ゅ∠ョ テ ∠ ら͡ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや Ι ｚ ま͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∀モデ ͡ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥バレ∠ タ ∠ (15. Whosoever desires t he life of t he world and it s glit t er, t o t hem We shall pay in full (t he wages of) t heir deeds t herein, and t hey will have no diminut ion t herein.) (16. They are t hose for whom t here is not hing in t he Hereaft er but Fire, and vain are t he deeds t hey did t herein. And of no effect is t hat which t hey used t o do.)

Whoever wants the Worldly Life, then He will have no Share of the Hereafter

Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said concerning t his verse, "Verily t hose who show off, will be given t heir reward for t heir good deeds in t his life. This will be so t hat t hey are not wronged, even t he amount equivalent t o t he size of t he speck on a dat e-st one.'' Ibn ` Abbas cont inued saying, "Therefore, whoever does a good deed seeking t o acquire worldly gain - like fast ing, prayer, or st anding for prayer at night - and he does so in order t o acquire worldly benefit , t hen Allah says, ` Give him t he reward of t hat which he sought in t he worldly life,' and his deed t hat he did is wast ed because he was only seeking t he life of t his world. In t he Hereaft er he will be of t he losers.'' A similar narrat ion has been report ed from Muj ahid, AdDahhak and many ot hers. Anas bin Malik and Al-Hasan bot h said, "This verse was revealed concerning t he Jews and t he Christ ians.'' Muj ahid and ot hers said, "This verse was revealed concerning t he people who perform deeds t o be seen.'' Qat adah said, "Whoever's concern, int ent ion and goal is t his worldly life, t hen Allah will reward him for his good deeds in t his life. Then, when reaches t he next life, he will not have any good deeds t hat will be rewarded. However, concerning t he believer, he will be rewarded for his good deeds in t his life and in t he Hereaft er as well.'' Allah, t he Exalt ed, says,

￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤイ ｚハ ∠ る∠ ヤ∠イ ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リｚョぴ ゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ョ∇グ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ヤ∇ダΑ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲルぁ リ∠ヨャ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ∠ ∇バシ ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ヴ∠バシ ∠ ヱ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ケヲ⊥ェ∇ギョｚ ６Κミ⊥ - や⇔ケヲ⊥ム∇ゼョｚ ユ⊥ヰΒ⊥ ∇バシ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅミ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ほプ∠ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ べ∠トハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ギぁ ヨ͡ ルぁ ゅ∠レ∇ヤツ ｚ プ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルや - や⇔ケヲ⊥ヌ∇エョ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠トハ ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Κ ｘ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ツ∇ヘゎ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ (Whoever desires t he quick-passing (t ransit ory enj oyment of t his world), We readily grant him what We will for whom We like. Then, aft erwards, We have appoint ed for him Hell; he will burn t herein disgraced and rej ect ed. And whoever desires t he Hereaft er and st rives for it , wit h t he necessary effort due for it while he is a believer - t hen such are t he ones whose st riving shall be appreciat ed. On each - t hese as well as t hose - We best ow from t he bount ies of your Lord. And t he bount ies of your Lord can never be forbidden. See how We prefer one above anot her, and verily, t he Hereaft er will be great er in degrees and great er in int ricacy.) ぴ17:1821び Allah, t he Exalt ed, says,

ヮ͡ を͡ ∇ゲェ ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇キゴ͡ ル∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやゐ ∠ ∇ゲェ ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョぴ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゐ ∠ ∇ゲェ ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョヱ∠ びょ ∃ Β͡ダルｚ リ͡ョ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや (Whosoever desires t he reward of t he Hereaft er, We give him increase in his reward, and whosoever desires t he reward of t his world, We give him t hereof, and he has no port ion in t he Hereaft er.) ぴ42:20び

ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ∀ギ͡ワゅ∠セ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わ∠Α∠ヱ ヮ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ る∃ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ョま∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャゅ∠プ ゆ ͡ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲョ͡ ヴ͡プ マ ⊥ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ (17. Can t hey who rely on a clear proof from t heir Lord, and whom a wit ness from Him recit es (follows) it ; and before it , came t he Book of Musa, a guidance and a mercy, t hey believe t herein, but t hose of t he sect s t hat rej ect it , t he Fire will be t heir promised meet ing place. So be not in doubt about it . Verily, it is t he t rut h from your Lord, but most of mankind believe not .)

The One Who believes in the Qur'an is upon Clear Proof from His Lord Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs of t he condit ion of t he believers who are upon t he nat ural religion of Allah, which He made inherent in His creat ures. This is based upon t heir confession t o Him t hat t here is none wort hy of worship except He. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

ゲ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや り∠ ゲ∠ ∇トプ͡ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ リ ͡ Αあギヤ͡ャ マ ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ∇ユホ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや (So set you your face t owards t he religion, Hanifan. Allah's Fit rah wit h which He has creat ed mankind.) ぴ30:30び, In t he Two Sahihs it is recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ や∠キヲあ ヰ∠ Α⊥ ロ⊥ や∠ヲよ∠ ほ∠プ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇トヘ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ギ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥Α キ∃ ヲ⊥ャ∇ヲョ∠ ぁモミ⊥ » る⇔ ヨ∠ Β͡ヰよ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ Β͡ヰら∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠ジイ あ ヨ∠ Α⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ や∠ゲダ あ レ∠ Α⊥ «∨∠￢ゅ∠ハ∇ギィ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲぁジエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ∠￢ゅ∠バ∇ヨ∠ィ (Every child is born upon t he Fit rah, but his parent s make him a Jew, Christ ian, or Magian. This is j ust as t he calf t hat is born whole. Have you not iced any calves t hat are born mut ilat ed) In Sahih Muslim it is recorded t hat ` Iyad bin Himar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

￢∠ ゅ∠ヘレ∠ ェ ⊥ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヶあルま͡ :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » ∇ろョ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レΑ͡キ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わャ∠ゅ∠わ∇ィゅ∠プ リ ⊥ Β͡デゅ∠Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ ゅ∠イプ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヶ͡よ やヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤヤ∠∇ェぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ «ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇メゴ͡ ∇ルぺ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ (Allah, t he Exalt ed, says, ` Verily, I creat ed my servant s Hunafa', but t he devils came t o t hem and dist ract ed t hem from t heir religion. They made unlawful for t hem what I had made lawful for t hem and t hey commanded t hem t o associat e part ners wit h Me, concerning which no aut horit y has been revealed.) Therefore, t he believer is one who remains upon t his Fit rah. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ヮ∇レョあ ∀ギ͡ワゅ∠セ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and whom a wit ness from Him recit es (follows) it ;) This means t hat a wit ness comes t o him from Allah. That wit ness is t he pure, perfect and magnificent legislat ion t hat Allah revealed t o t he Prophet s. These legislat ions were finalized wit h t he legislat ion (Shari` ah) of Muhammad . The believer has t he nat ural disposit ion t hat bears wit ness t o (t he t rut h of) t he general legislat ion, and accept s t hat specific laws are t aken from t he general legislat ion. The Fit rah accept s t he Shari` ah and believes in it . For t his reason Allah, t he Exalt ed, says,

び⊥ヮ∇レョあ ∀ギ͡ワゅ∠セ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わ∠Α∠ヱ ヮ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ る∃ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Can t hey who rely on a clear proof from t heir Lord, and whom a wit ness from Him recit es (follows) it ;) This clear proof which is recit ed is t he Qur'an, which Jibril conveyed t o t he Prophet and t he Prophet Muhammad conveyed it t o his Ummah. Then Allah says,

びヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ

(and before it , came t he Book of Musa,) This means t hat before t he Qur'an, t here was t he Book of Musa, t he Tawrah.

び⇔るヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ョま∠ぴ (a guidance and a mercy) This means t hat Allah, t he Exalt ed, revealed it t o t hat Ummah as a leader for t hem and a guide for t hem t o follow, as a mercy from Allah upon t hem. Therefore, whoever believed in it wit h t rue fait h, t hen it would lead him t o believe in t he Qur'an as well. For t his reason Allah said,

び͡ヮよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (t hey believe t herein) Then Allah, t he Exalt ed, t hreat ens t hose who rej ect t he Qur'an, or any part of it , by saying,

び⊥ロギ⊥ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャゅ∠プ ゆ ͡ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (but t hose of t he sect s t hat rej ect it , t he Fire will be t heir promised meet ing place.) This is direct ed t owards everyone on t he face of t he eart h who disbelieves in t he Qur'an, whet her t hey are idolat ors, disbelievers, People of t he Script ure, or ot her sect s from t he descendant s of Adam. This applies t o all whom t he Qur'an reaches, regardless of t heir differences in color, appearance, or nat ionalit y. As Allah says,

び∠ヒヤ∠よ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ルｘΙぴ (t hat I may t herewit h warn you and whomsoever it may reach. ) ぴ6:19び Allah, t he Exalt ed, said,

びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴあルま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "O mankind! Verily, I am sent t o you all as t he Messenger of Allah.'') Allah says,

び⊥ロギ⊥ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャゅ∠プ ゆ ͡ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (but t hose of t he sect s t hat rej ect it , t he Fire will be t heir promised meet ing place.) In Sahih Muslim it is recorded t hat Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ∇リョ͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヶ͡よ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» ゅｚャま͡ ヶ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ｚユを⊥ ヶ ｘ ル͡ や∠ゲ∇ダル∠ (∇ヱぺ∠) ヵ ｘ キ͡ ヲ⊥ヰΑ∠ る͡ ョｚ ほ⊥∇ャや «ケゅｚレャや モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ (By He in Whose Hand is my soul! t here is no one of t his Ummah, whet her he be a Jew or Christ ian, who hears of me and does not believe in me, except t hat he will ent er t he Hellfire.)

Every Hadith is confirmed by the Qur'an Ayyub As-Sakht iyani report ed from Sa` id bin Jubayr t hat he said, "I did not hear any Hadit h of t he Prophet , subst ant iat ed as he st at ed it , except t hat I found it s confirmat ion in t he Qur'an. (The narrat or said, "Or he said, ` I found it s verificat ion in t he Qur'an.''') Thus, it reached me t hat t he Prophet said,

ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヵ ｘ キ͡ ヲ⊥ヰΑ∠ る͡ ョｚ ほ⊥∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ∇リョ͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヶ͡よ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ケゅｚレャや モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヶ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ｚユを⊥ ヶ ｘ ル͡ や∠ゲ∇ダル∠ (There is no one of t his Ummah, whet her he be a Jew or Christ ian, who hears of me and does not believe in me, except t hat he will ent er t he Hellfire.) Therefore, I said, ` Where is it s verificat ion in t he Book of Allah Most of what I have heard report ed from t he Messenger of Allah , I have found it s verificat ion in t he Qur'an.' Then I found t his verse,

び⊥ロギ⊥ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャゅ∠プ ゆ ͡ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (but t hose of t he sect s t hat rej ect it (t he Qur` an), t he Fire will be t heir promised meet ing place.) And t his means from all religions.'' Then Allah says,

び∠マよあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲョ͡ ヴ͡プ マ ⊥ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So be not in doubt about it . Verily, it is t he t rut h from your Lord,) This means t hat t he Qur'an is t he t rut h from Allah and t here is no doubt or suspicion concerning it . This is as Allah says,

びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ユャやぴ (Alif Lam Mim. The revelat ions of t he Book in which t here is no doubt , is from t he Lord of all t hat exist s!)ぴ32:1-2び Allah, t he Exalt ed, says,

び͡ヮΒ͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ユャやぴ (Alif Lam Mim. This is t he Book in which t here is no doubt .) ぴ2:1-2び The Ayah;

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but most of mankind believe not .) is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ ろ ∠ ∇タゲ∠ ェ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And most of mankind will not believe even if you desire it eagerly.)ぴ12:103び Likewise, Allah says,

リ∠ハ ポ ∠ ヲぁヤツ ͡ Α⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇ノト ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ (And if you obey most of t hose on t he eart h, t hey will mislead you far away from Allah's pat h.) Allah also says,

ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ヮ⊥ ｚレニ ∠ ザ ⊥ Βヤ͡∇よま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ベ ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ (And indeed Iblis did prove t rue his t hought about t hem: and t hey followed him, all except a group of t rue believers.)ぴ34:20び

マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゅ⇔よグ͡ ミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや リ ͡ ヨｚ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇セΙ ｘや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ッ∠ゲ∇バΑ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る⊥ レ∠ ∇バャ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よグ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユワ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ィ∠ヲ͡ハ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ∇バョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ブ ⊥ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ツΑ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ノ∠ ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや モ ｚッ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲジ ͡カ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ - ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ダ∇らΑ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ュ∠ ゲ∠ ィ ∠ Ι ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ∠ ∇カΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ワ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや (18. And who does more wrong t han he who invent s a lie against Allah. Such will be brought before t heir Lord, and t he wit nesses will say,''These are t he ones who lied against t heir Lord!'' No doubt ! The curse of Allah is on t he wrongdoers.) (19. Those who hinder (ot hers) from t he pat h of Allah, and seek a crookedness t herein, while t hey are disbelievers in t he Hereaft er.) (20. By no means will t hey escape on eart h, nor have t hey prot ect ors besides Allah! Their t orment will be doubled! They could not bear t o list en and t hey used not t o see (t he t rut h).) r(21. They are t hose who have lost t heir own selves, and t hat which t hey invent ed eluded t hem.) (22. Cert ainly, t hey are t hose who will be t he great est losers in t he Hereaft er.)

Those Who invent Lies against Allah and hinder Others from His Path are the Greatest Losers Allah, t he Exalt ed, explains t he condit ion of t hose who lie against Him and t hat t heir scandal in t he Hereaft er will be present ed before t he heads of creat ion (for t est imony) from t he angels, Messengers, Prophet s and t he rest of mankind and Jinns. This is j ust as Imam Ahmad recorded from Safwan bin Muhriz. Safwan said, "I was holding t he hand of Ibn ` Umar when a man was brought t o him. The man said, ` How did you hear t he Messenger of Allah describe An-Naj wa (secret counsel or confident ial t alk) on t he Day of Resurrect ion' Ibn ` Umar said, ` I heard him say,

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ノ⊥ ツ ∠ Β∠ プ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヶ͡ル∇ギΑ⊥ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ バ∠ヰヤヤ∠ヰヤャや ラ ｚ ま͡» メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ ロ⊥ ケ⊥ あゲボ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡サゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮヘ∠ レ∠ ミ∠ フ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∨や∠グミ∠ ょ ∠ ∇ルク∠ フ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∨や∠グミ∠ ょ ∠ ∇ルク∠ フ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ぺ∠ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヶ͡プ ン∠ぺケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ ロ⊥ ケ∠ ゲｚ ホ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∨や∠グミ∠ ょ ∠ ∇ルク∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ⊥ ∇ゲわ∠ シ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヶあルみ͡プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ ヤ∠ワ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ «ュ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ビぺ∠ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ

(Verily, Allah, t he Might y and Sublime, will draw near t he believer and He will place His shade over him. He will conceal him from t he people and make him confess t o his sins. He will say t o him, "Do you recognize t his sin Do you recognize t hat sin Do you recognize such and such sin'' This will cont inue unt il He makes him confess t o all of his sins and he (t he believer) will t hink t o himself t hat he is about t o be dest royed. Then Allah will say, "Verily, I have concealed t hese sins for you in t he worldly life and I have forgiven you for t hem t oday.'' Then he (t he believer) will be given his Book of good deeds. As for t he disbelievers and t he hypocrit es, t he wit nesses will say,)

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る⊥ レ∠ ∇バャ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よグ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワぴ び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (These are t he ones who lied against t heir Lord! No doubt ! The curse of Allah is on t he wrongdoers).'' Bot h Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t his narrat ion in t he Two Sahihs. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔ィヲ∠ ハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who hinder (ot hers) from t he pat h of Allah, and seek a crookedness t herein,) This means t hat t hey prevent t he people from following t he t rut h and t raversing upon t he pat h of guidance t hat leads t o Allah, t he Might y and Sublime. In doing so t hey also keep t he people away from Paradise it self. Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔ィヲ∠ ハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and seek a crookedness t herein,) This means t hat t hey want t heir pat h t o be crooked and uneven. Then, Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユワ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (while t hey are disbelievers in t he Hereaft er.) This means t hat t hey deny t he Hereaft er and t hey rej ect t he idea t hat any of it s event s will occur, or any of it exist s at all. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ∇バョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺぴ び∠￢べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ (By no means will t hey escape on eart h, nor have t hey prot ect ors besides Allah!) This means t hat t hese disbelievers are under t he power of Allah and His force. They are in His grasp and are subj ect t o His aut horit y. He is Most Able t o exact vengeance against t hem in t his life before t he coming of t he Hereaft er. This is like Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ゲ⇒∠ダ∇よΕ ∠ や ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゾ ⊥ ガ ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ あカぽ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (but He gives t hem respit e up t o a Day when t he eyes will st are in horror.)ぴ14:42び In t he Two Sahihs it is recorded t hat t he Prophet said,

«ヮ∇わヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ロ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ユ͡ ャ͡ゅｚヌヤ͡ャ ヶ͡ヤ∇ヨΒ⊥ ャ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» (Verily Allah gives respit e t o t he oppressor unt il He seizes him, t hen he will not be able t o escape Him.) For t his reason Allah says,

び⊥ゆや∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ブ ⊥ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ツΑ⊥ ぴ (Their t orment will be doubled!) This means t hat t he t orment will be doubled upon t hem, because Allah gave t hem hearing, vision and heart s, but t hese t hings did not benefit t hem. Rat her, t hey were deaf from hearing t he t rut h and blinded away from following it . This is j ust as Allah has ment ioned concerning t hem when t hey ent er int o t he Hellfire. Allah says,

ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ボ͡ ∇バル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び ゲ͡ Β͡バジ ｚ ャや (And t hey will say: "Had we but list ened or used our int elligence, we would not have been among t he dwellers of t he blazing Fire!'') Allah also says,

∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇キコ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヱぁギタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ び͡ゆや∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ (Those who disbelieved and hinder (men) from t he pat h of Allah, for t hem We will add t orment t o t he t orment .)ぴ16:88び For t his reason t hey will be punished for every command t hat t hey abandoned and every prohibit ion t hat t hey indulged in. Then Allah cont inues by saying,

ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲジ ͡カ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ (They are t hose who have lost t heir own selves, and t hat which t hey invent ed eluded t hem.) They lost t hemselves, meaning t hat t hey be made t o ent er a blazing Fire, where t hey will be punished, and it s t orment will not be lift ed from t hem for even t he blinking of an eye. This is as Allah said,

びや⇔ゲΒ͡バシ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ル∇キコ͡ ∇ろら∠ カ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ (Whenever it abat es, We shall increase for t hem t he fierceness of t he Fire.)ぴ17:97び Concerning t he st at ement ,

びユ⊥ヰ∇レハ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (eluded t hem.) meaning t hat it has left t hem.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョぴ (t hat which t hey invent ed) besides Allah, such as rivals and idols. Yet , t hese t hings did not avail t hem in t he slight est . In fact , t hese t hings act ually caused t hem great harm. This is as Allah says,

∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ギ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ゼ ͡ェ ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ (And when mankind are gat hered, t hey will become t heir enemies and will deny t heir worshipping.)ぴ46:6び Allah says,

∇やヱ⊥ ぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎぁ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ぺ∠ゲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ びゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇シΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ろバ∠ ト ｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや (When t hose who were followed disown t hose who followed (t hem), and t hey see t he t orment , t hen all t heir relat ions will be cut off from t hem.)ぴ2:166び Likewise, t here are many ot her verses t hat prove t his loss of t heirs and t heir dest ruct ion. For t his reason Allah says,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ∠ ∇カΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ワ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ュ∠ ゲ∠ ィ ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (Cert ainly, t hey are t hose who will be t he great est losers in t he Hearaft er.) ぴ11:22び In t his verse Allah informs about t he direct ion of t heir end. He explains t hat t hey are t he great est losers among mankind in t heir t ransact ion for t he abode of t he Hereaft er. That is because t hey exchanged t he highest levels (of Paradise) for t he lowest levels (of Hell) and t hey subst it ut ed t he pleasure of Gardens (of Paradise) for t he fierce boiling wat er (of Hell). They exchanged t he drink of sealed nect ar wit h t he fierce hot wind, boiling wat er, and a shade of black smoke. They chose food from t he filt h of dirt y wounds inst ead of wide-eyed lovely maidens. They preferred Hawiyah (a pit in Hell) inst ead of loft y cast les. They chose t he anger of Allah and His punishment over nearness t o Him and t he blessing of gazing at Him. Therefore, it is no inj ust ice t hat such people should be t he great est losers in t he Hereaft er.

∇やヲ⊥わら∠ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ͡ Β͡ダら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユあ タ ∠ Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ヴ∠ヨ∇ハΙ ｘ ゅ∠ミ リ ͡ ∇Βボ∠ Α͡ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠Αヲ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇モワ∠ ノ͡ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ (23. Verily, t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, and humble t hemselves before t heir Lord, t hey will be t he dwellers of Paradise t o dwell t herein forever.) (24. The likeness of t he t wo part ies is as t he blind and t he deaf and t he seer and t he hearer. Are t hey equal when compared Will you not t hen t ake heed)

Rewarding the People of Faith When Allah, t he Exalt ed, ment ioned t he condit ion of t he wret ched, He also commended t he people of delight (t he believers). They are t hose who believe and work right eous deeds. Thus, t heir heart s believed and t heir limbs worked right eous deeds, bot h in st at ement s and act ions. This includes t heir performance of deeds of obedience and t heir abandonment of evils. In t his way t hey are t he inherit ors of Gardens (of Paradise), which cont ain loft y rooms and seat s arranged in rows. Therein t hey will find bunches of fruit near t o t hem, elevat ed couches, fair and beaut iful wives, various t ypes of fruit , desired kinds of food and delicious drinks. They also will be allowed t o see t he Creat or of t he heavens and t he eart h and t hey will be in t his st at e of pleasure forever. They will not die, nor will t hey grow old. They will not experience sickness, nor will t hey sleep. They will not have excrement , nor will t hey spit or snot . Their sweat will be t he perfume of musk.

The Parable of the Believers and the Disbelievers Then, Allah, t he Exalt ed, makes a parable of t he disbelievers and t he believers. He says,

び͡リ∇Βボ∠ Α͡ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ぴ (The likeness of t he t wo part ies) This refers t o t hose disbelievers whom Allah first described as wret ched, and t hen t hose believers whom He described wit h delight fulness. The first group is like one who is blind and deaf, while t he second group is like he who sees and hears. Thus, t he disbeliever is blind from t he t rut h in t his life and in t he Hereaft er. He is not guided t o goodness, nor does he recognize it . He is deaf from hearing t he proofs, t hus he does not hear t hat which would benefit him. As Allah says,

び∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ヨ∠ ∇シΕ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(Had Allah known of any good in t hem, He would indeed have made t hem list en.)ぴ8:23び The believer is smart , bright and clever. He sees t he t rut h and dist inguishes bet ween t he t rut h and falsehood. Thus, he follows t he good and abandons t he evil. He hears and dist inguishes bet ween t he proof and scept icism. Therefore, falsehood does not overcome him. Are t hese t wo t ypes of people alike

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Will you not t hen t ake heed) This st at ement means, "Will you not consider, so t hat you may dist inguish bet ween t hese t wo cat egories of people.'' This is as Allah ment ions in anot her verse,

る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴも͡ べ∠ヘ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ (Not equal are t he dwellers of t he Fire and t he dwellers of t he Paradise. It is t he dwellers of Paradise t hat will be successful.)ぴ59:20び Allah also says,

れ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ゲ⊥ Β͡ダら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠ヨ∇ハΙ ｘ や ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ - ケ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ モ ぁヌ あ ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ケ⊥ ヲぁレャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ∠ョ ノ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ジΑ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ れ ⊥ や∠ヲ∇ョΙ ｘやΙ ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠Β∇ェΙ ｘ や ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ - ケ͡ ヲ⊥らボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ リｚョ ノ∃ ヨ͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ よ͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ や⇔ゲΑ͡グル∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡ゼよ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べｚル͡ま - ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル Ι ｚ ま͡ び ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ Κ ∠カ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョあ (Not alike are t he blind and t he seeing. Nor are (alike) darkness and light . Nor are (alike) t he shade and t he sun's heat . Nor are (alike) t he living and t he dead. Verily, Allah makes whom He wills t o hear, but you cannot make hear t hose who are in graves. You are only a warner. Verily, We have sent you wit h t he t rut h, a bearer of glad t idings and a warner. And t here never was a nat ion but a warner had passed among t hem.)ぴ35:19-24び

∀リΒら͡ ョぁ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヴｚルま͡ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ル ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ζ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や ポ ∠ や∠ゲル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠レヤ∠∇んョあ や⇔ゲゼ ∠ よ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ポ ∠ や∠ゲル∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ン∠ゲル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ン∇ぺゲｚ ャや ン ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠よ ゅ∠レャ⊥ク͡ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ び ∠リΒ͡よ͡グ⇒∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ ぁレヌ ⊥ ル∠ ∇モよ∠ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ (25. And indeed We sent Nuh t o his people (and he said): "I have come t o you as a plain warner.'') (26. "That you worship none but Allah; surely, I fear for you t he t orment of a painful Day.'') (27. The chiefs who disbelieved among his people said: "We see you but a man like ourselves, nor do we see any follow you but t he meanest among us and t hey (t oo) followed you wit hout t hinking. And we do not see in you any merit above us, in fact we t hink you are liars.'')

The Story of Nuh and His Conversation with His People Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs about Prophet Nuh. He was t he first Messenger whom Allah sent t o t he people of t he eart h who were polyt heist s involved in worshipping idols. Allah ment ions t hat he (Nuh) said t o his people,

び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヴｚル͡まぴ (I have come t o you as a plain warner.) meaning, t o openly warn you against facing Allah's punishment if you cont inue worshipping ot her t han Allah. Thus, Nuh said,

び∠ヮヤｚャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺぴ (That you worship none but Allah;) This can also be seen in his st at ement ,

び∃ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ (surely, I fear for you t he t orment of a painful Day.) This means, "If you all cont inue doing t his, t hen Allah will punish you wit h a severe punishment in t he Hereaft er.'' Then Allah says,

び͡ヮョ͡ ∇ヲホ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ζ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ (The chiefs who disbelieved among his people said;) The word ` chiefs' (Al-Mala'u) here means t he leaders and t he heads of t he disbelievers. They said,

びゅ∠レヤ∠∇んョあ や⇔ゲゼ ∠ よ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ポ ∠ や∠ゲル∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (We see you but a man like ourselves,) This means, "You are not an angel. You are only a human being, so how can revelat ion come t o you over us We do not see anyone following you

except t he lowliest people among us, like t he merchant s, weavers and similar people. No people of nobilit y, or rulers among us follow you. These people who follow you are not known for t heir int elligence, wit , or sharp t hinking. Rat her, you merely invit ed t hem (t o t his Islam) and t hey responded t o your call and followed you (ignorant ly).'' This is t he meaning of t heir st at ement ,

ン ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠よ ゅ∠レャ⊥ク͡ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や ポ ∠ や∠ゲル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びン∇ぺゲｚ ャや (nor do we see any follow you but t he meanest among us and t hey (t oo) followed you wit hout t hinking.) The st at ement , "wit hout t hinking,'' means t hat t hey merely followed t he first t hing t hat came t o t heir minds. Concerning t he st at ement ,

び∃モ∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ン∠ゲル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And we do not see in you any merit above us, in fact we t hink you are liars.) In t his t hey are saying, "We do not see t hat you ぴand your followersび have any virt uous st at us above us in your physical appearance, your charact er, your provisions, or your condit ion, since you accept ed t his (new) religion of yours.''

び∠リΒ͡よグ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ ぁレヌ ⊥ ル∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ s(in fact we t hink you are liars. ) This means, "We t hink you are lying about t hat which you are claiming for yourselves of right eousness, piet y, worship and happiness in t he abode of t he Hereaft er when you arrive t here.'' This was t he response of t he disbelievers t o Nuh and his followers. This is a proof of t heir ignorance and t heir deficiency in knowledge and int elligence. For verily, t he t rut h is not t o be rej ect ed because of t he lowly st at us of t hose who follow it . Verily, t he t rut h is correct in it self, regardless of whet her it s followers are of low st at us, or nobilit y. Act ually, t he realit y concerning which t here is no doubt , is t hat t he followers of t he t rut h are t he noble ones, even t hough t hey may be poor. On t he ot her hand, t hose who rej ect t he t rut h are t he lowly wret ches, even t hough t hey may be wealt hy. Thus, we see t hat usually t he weakest of people are t he ones who follow t he t rut h, while t he nobilit y and high-class people usually are opposed t o t he t rut h. This is as Allah says,

ゲ∃ Α͡グルｚ リあョ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ べ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠ワヲ⊥プゲ∠ ∇わョ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ Ι ｚ ま͡ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ボョぁ ユ͡ワゲ͡ ⇒∠をや∠￢ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (And similarly, We sent not a warner before you t o any t own (people) but t he luxurious ones among t hem said: "We found our fat hers following a cerain way and religion, and we will indeed follow t heir foot st eps.'')ぴ43:23び When Heraclius, t he emperor of Rome, asked Abu Sufyan Sakhr bin Harb about t he qualit ies of t he Prophet , he said t o him, "Are his followers t he noble

people, or t he weak'' Abu Sufyan said, "They are t he weakest of t hem.'' Then Heraclius said, "They (weak ones) are t he followers of t he Messengers.'' Concerning t heir st at ement ,

びン∇ぺゲｚ ャや ン ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠よぴ (wit hout t hinking. ) In realit y t his is not obj ect ionable, or somet hing derogat ory, because t he t rut h when it is made clear, does not leave room for second-guessing, or excessive t hinking. Rat her, it is mandat ory t hat it should be followed and t his is t he condit ion of every pious, int elligent person. No one cont inues doubt fully pondering t he t rut h (aft er it is made clear) except one who is ignorant and excessively crit ical. The Messengers - Allah's peace and blessings be upon t hem all - only delivered what was obvious and clear. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∃モ∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ン∠ゲル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And we do not see in you any merit above us,) They did not see t his (t he virt ue of accept ing Islam) because t hey were blind from t he t rut h. They could not see, nor could t hey hear. Rat her, t hey were wavering in t heir skept icism. They were wandering blindly in t he darknesses of t heir ignorance. They, in realit y, were t he slanderers and liars, lowly and despicable. Therefore, in t he Hereaft er t hey will be t he great est losers.

ヴあよケｚ リあョ る∃ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α メ ∠ ゅホ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろΒ∠ ヨあ バ⊥ プ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヴ͡ルゅ∠ゎや￢∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ワゲ͡ ⇒∠ミ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ョ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇ヤル⊥ ぺ∠ (28. He said: "O my people! Tell me, if I have a clear proof from my Lord, and a mercy (prophet hood) has come t o me from Him, but t hat (mercy) has been obscured from your sight . Shall we compel you (t o accept ) it when you have a st rong hat red for it )

The Response of Nuh Allah says, informing about t he response of Nuh t o his people,

びヴあよケｚ リあョ る∃ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Tell me, if I have a clear proof from my Lord,) Bayyinah means cert aint y, a clear mat t er, and t rut hful prophet hood. That is t he great est mercy from Allah upon him (Nuh) and t hem (his people).

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろΒ∠ ヨあ バ⊥ プ∠ ぴ

(but t hat (mercy) has been obscured from your sight .) "Obscured from your sight '' in t his verse means, ` it was hidden from you and you are not guided t o it . Thus, you ぴpeopleび did not know it s import ance so you hast ily rej ect ed and denied it .'

びゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ョ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇ヤル⊥ ぺ∠ぴ (Shall we compel you (t o accept ) it ) This means, "Should we force you t o accept it , while you act ually det est it .''

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ン ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ほ∠∇シぺ∠ Ι ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ホΚ ∠ ョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠トよ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ∠ョ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヰ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ケぺ∠ ヴあレム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎぁ キ∠ゲデ ∠ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡ルゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠Α (29. And O my people! I ask of you no wealt h for it , my reward is from none but Allah. I am not going t o drive away t hose who have believed. Surely, t hey are going t o meet t heir Lord, but I see t hat you are a people t hat are ignorant .) (30. And O my people! Who will help me against Allah, if I drove t hem away Will you not t hen give a t hought ) Nuh says t o his people, "I do not ask you for any wealt h in ret urn for my sincere advice t o you.'' Wealt h (Mal) here means, "payment t hat I t ake from you.'' Nuh means, "I am only seeking t he reward from Allah, t he Might y and Sublime.'' Concerning t he st at ement ,

び∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠トよ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (I am not going t o drive away t hose who have believed.) This alludes t o t he fact t hat t hey (t he disbelievers) request ed Nuh t o disassociat e himself from t he believers, because t hey were averse t o t hem and felt t hemselves t oo import ant t o sit wit h t hem. This is similar t o t he request of disbelievers t o t he seal of t he Messengers t o disassociat e himself from a group of t he people who were considered weak in t heir social st at us. They want ed t he Prophet t o sit wit h t hem in a special gat hering of t he elit e. Therefore, Allah revealed,

びあヴゼ ͡ バ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ り͡ や∠ギピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キ͡ ゲ⊥ ∇トゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t urn not away t hose who invoke t heir Lord, morning and aft ernoon.) Allah also says,

リ ｚ ョ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワぺ∠ ∇やヲャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャあ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅｚレわ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャゅ͡よ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇ハほ∠よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ べ∠レレ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リョあ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや

(Thus We have t ried some of t hem wit h ot hers, t hat t hey might say: "Is it t hese (poor believers) whom Allah has favored from among us'' Does not Allah know best t hose who are grat eful)ぴ6:53び

ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ⊥ も͡ へ∠ゴカ ∠ ン͡ギレ͡ハ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∀ ヤ∠ョ∠ ヴあルま͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ャ ∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ン͡ケ∠キ∇ゴ∠ゎ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャｚ や⇔クま͡ ヴあルま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プ (31. And I do not say t o you t hat wit h me are t he t reasures of Allah, nor t hat I know t he Ghayb; nor do I say I am an angel, and I do not say of t hose whom your eyes look down upon t hat Allah will not best ow any good on t hem. Allah knows what is in t heir inner selves. In t hat case, I should, indeed be one of t he wrongdoers.) Nuh is informing t hem t hat he is a Messenger from Allah, calling t o t he worship of Allah alone, wit hout any part ners and he is doing t his by t he permission of Allah. At t he same t ime, he is not asking t hem for any reward for t his work. He invit es whomever he meet s, whet her of nobilit y or low class. Therefore, whoever responds favorably, t hen he has achieved salvat ion. He also explains t hat he has no power t o manipulat e t he hidden t reasures of Allah, nor does he have any knowledge of t he Unseen, except what Allah has allowed him t o know. Likewise, he is not an angel, rat her, he is merely a human Messenger aided wit h miracles. Nuh goes on t o say, "I do not say about t hese people whom you (disbelievers) det est and look down upon, t hat Allah will not reward t hem for t heir deeds. Allah knows best what is in t heir souls. If t hey are believers in t heir heart s, as t heir condit ion appears t o be out wardly, t hen t hey will have a good reward. If anyone behaves evilly wit h t hem aft er t hey have believed, t hen he is a wrongdoer who speaks what he has no knowledge of.

ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ͡レゎ∠ ∇ほプ∠ ゅ∠レャ∠や∠ギィ ͡ れ ∠ ∇ゲん∠ ∇ミほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠レ∠わ∇ャ∠キゅ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ゥ ⊥ ヲ⊥レΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま べ∠ルギ⊥ バ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ∇バヨ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ラ͡ま ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ウ ∠ダ ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ぁ ∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ヴ͡エ∇ダル⊥ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ヲ͡ ∇ピΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ (32. They said: "O Nuh! You have disput ed wit h us, and much have you prolonged t he disput e wit h us, now bring upon us what you t hreat en us wit h, if you are of t he t rut hful.'') (33. He said: "Only Allah will bring it (t he punishment ) on you, if He wills, and t hen you will escape not .) (34. "And my advice will not profit you, even if I wish t o give you good counsel, if Allah's will is t o keep you ast ray. He is your Lord! and t o Him you shall ret urn.'')

The People's Request of Nuh to bring the Torment and His Response to Them Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs t hat t he people of Nuh sought t o hast en Allah's vengeance, t orment , anger and t he t rial (His punishment ). This is based on t heir saying,

びゅ∠レャ∠や∠ギィ ͡ れ ∠ ∇ゲん∠ ∇ミほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ャキ∠ ゅ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ゥ ⊥ ヲ⊥レΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "O Nuh! You have disput ed wit h us and much have you prolonged t he disput e wit h us...'') They meant by t his, "You (Nuh) have argued wit h us long enough, and we are st ill not going t o follow you.''

びべ∠ルギ⊥ バ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ∠レ͡ゎ∇ほ∠プぴ (now bring upon us what you t hreat en us wit h,) What he (Nuh) promised is referring t o t he vengeance and t orment (from Allah). They were act ually saying, "Supplicat e against us however you wish, and let what ever you have supplicat ed come t o us.''

ラ͡ま ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボレ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ∇バヨ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ("...if you are of t he t rut hful.'' (In reply t o t his,) He said: "Only Allah will bring it (t he punishment ) on you, if He wills, and t hen you will escape not .)ぴ11:32-33び This means, ` It is only Allah Who can punish you and hast en your punishment for you. He is t he One from Whom not hing escapes. '

ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ウ ∠ダ ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ぁ ∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ヴ͡エ∇ダル⊥ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ヲ͡ ∇ピΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ (And my advice will not profit you, even if I wish t o give you good counsel, if Allah's will is t o keep you ast ray.) This means: somet hing t hat could be useful t o you (in accept ance) of my preaching t o you, warning you and advising you.

び∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ヲ͡ ∇ピΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まぴ (if Allah's will is t o keep you ast ray.) This means: your decept ion and your ult imat e dest ruct ion.

び∠ラヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He is your Lord! and t o Him you shall ret urn.) He is t he Owner of t he finalit y of all mat t ers. He is t he Cont roller, t he Judge, t he Most Just and He does not do any inj ust ice. Unt o Him belongs

t he creat ion and t he command. He is t he Originat or and t he Repeat er (of t he creat ion). He is t he Owner of t his life and t he Hereaft er.

ヴ͡ョや∠ゲ∇ィま͡ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Αゲ∠ わ∠ ∇プや ラ ͡ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ロ⊥ や∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ (35. Or t hey (t he pagans of Makkah) say: "He has fabricat ed it .'' Say: "If I have fabricat ed it , upon me be my crimes, but I am innocent of (all) t hose crimes which you commit .)

An Interruption to verify the Truthfulness of the Prophet This is present ed in t he middle of t he st ory t o affirm t he st ory it self. It is as if Allah, t he Exalt ed, is saying t o Muhammad , "Or do t hese obst inat e disbelievers say t hat he fabricat ed t his and invent ed it himself''

びヴ͡ョや∠ゲ∇ィま͡ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Αゲ∠ わ∠ ∇プや ラ ͡ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "If I have fabricat ed it , upon me be my crimes...'') This means: such sin would be mine alone.

び∠ラヲ⊥ョゲ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (but I am innocent of (all) t hose crimes which you commit .) This st ory is not invent ed, or fabricat ed falsely. Because he (t he Prophet ) knows bet t er t he punishment of Allah for one who lies on Allah.

Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ヱ⊥ぺヱ∠ ぴ - ラ ∠ ヲヤ⊥バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ザゃ͡ わ∠ ∇らゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ギホ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ヴ͡レ∇らト ͡ ⇒∠ガゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レΒ͡ ∇ェヱ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ノ͡ レ∠ ∇タや∠ヱ マ ∠ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ノ⊥ レ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホゲ∠ ∇ピョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲガ ͡シ ∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リあョ ∀Ζ∠ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゲｚ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ヱ∠ -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲガ ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ゲ⊥ ガ ∠ ∇ジル∠ ゅｚルみ͡プ∠ ゅｚレ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲガ ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ラ͡ま

モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Α͡ゴ∇ガΑ⊥ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ リ∠ョ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ボョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (36. And it was revealed t o Nuh: "None of your people will believe except t hose who have believed already. So be not sad because of what t hey used t o do.) (37. "And const ruct t he ship under Our Eyes and wit h Our revelat ion, and address Me not on behalf of t hose who did wrong; t hey are surely t o be drowned.'') (38. And as he was const ruct ing t he ship, whenever t he chiefs of his people passed by him, t hey mocked at him. He said: "If you mock at us, so do we mock at you likewise for your mocking.'') (39. "And you will know who it is on whom will come a t orment t hat will cover him wit h disgrace and on whom will fall a last ing t orment .'')

The Revelation to Nuh concerning what would happen to the People and the Command to prepare for It Allah, t he Exalt ed, sent revelat ion t o Nuh when his people hast ened t he vengeance and punishment of Allah upon t hemselves. Then, Nuh supplicat ed against t hem, as Allah ment ioned, when He said;

び⇔やケゅｚΑキ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ケグ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ あ ケｚ ぴ (My Lord! Leave not one of t he disbelievers inhabit ing t he eart h!) ぴ71:26び And he said,

び ∇ゲダ ͡ わ∠ ルゅ∠プ ∀ゆヲ⊥ヤ∇ピョ∠ ヴぁルぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ゅ∠ハギ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then he invoked his Lord (saying): "I have been overcome, so help (me)!'')ぴ54:10び At t his point Allah revealed t o him,

び∠リョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ギホ∠ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ぴ (None of your people will believe except t hose who have believed already.) Therefore, do not grieve over t hem and do not be concerned wit h t heir affair.

び∠マ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ノ͡ レ∠ ∇タや∠ヱぴ (And const ruct t he ship.) The word Fulk here means ship.

びゅ∠レレ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハほ∠よ͡ ぴ (under Our Eyes) This means under Our vision.

びゅ∠レΒ͡ ∇ェヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and wit h Our revelat ion,) This means, "We will t each you (Nuh) what t o do.''

び∠ラヲ⊥ホゲ∠ ∇ピョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ͡プ ヴ͡レ∇らト ͡ ⇒∠ガゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and address Me not on behalf of t hose who did wrong; t hey are surely t o be drowned.) Muhammad bin Ishaq ment ioned from t he Tawrah, "Allah commanded him (Nuh) t o make it (t he ship) from Indian oak wood. Then He commanded him t o make it s lengt h eight y cubit s and it s widt h fift y cubit s. Allah t hen commanded him t o coat it s int erior and ext erior wit h t ar and t o make it wit h a slant ed bow t o part t he wat er (as it sailed). It s height was t hirt y cubit s int o t he sky. It had t hree levels and each level was t en cubit s high. The lowest level was for t he animals, bot h t ame and wild, t he second level was for t he human beings and t he highest level was for t he birds. It s door was in t he cent er of it and it had a cover on t op of it t hat covered t he ent ire ship. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リあョ ∀Ζ∠ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゲｚ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ノ⊥ レ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ヮ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲガ ͡シ ∠ (And as he was const ruct ing t he ship, whenever t he chiefs of his people passed by him, t hey mocked at him.) This means t hat t hey t eased him and rej ect ed his t hreat t hat t hey would drown (in t he fort hcoming flood).

び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ゲ⊥ ガ ∠ ∇ジル∠ ゅｚルみ͡プ∠ ゅｚレ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲガ ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ラ͡ま メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "If you mock at us, so do we mock at you likewise...'') This is a severe t hreat and a serious warning.

び͡ヮΑ͡ゴ∇ガΑ⊥ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ リ∠ョぴ (who it is on whom will come a t orment t hat will cover him wit h disgrace) This means t hat it (t he t orment ) will humiliat e him in t his life.

び∀ユΒ͡ボョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and on whom will fall a last ing t orment .) t hat is cont inuous and everlast ing.

ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇モヨ͡ ∇ェや ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ケ⊥ ヲぁレわｚ ャや ケ∠ ゅ∠プヱ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇をや リ ͡ ∇Βィ ∠ ∇ヱコ∠ ｙモミ⊥ リ͡ョ び ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ョヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや (40. (So it was) t ill when Our command came and t he oven gushed fort h (wat er like fount ains from t he eart h). We said: "Embark t herein, of each kind t wo (male and female), and your family -- except him against whom t he Word has already gone fort h -- and t hose who believe. And none believed wit h him, except a few.'')

The beginning of the Flood and Nuh loads Every Creature in Pairs upon the Ship This was t he promise of Allah t o Nuh , when t he command of Allah came, t he rain was cont inuous and t here was a severe st orm which did not slacken or subside, as Allah said,

ゅ∠ル∇ゲイ ｚ プ∠ ヱ∠ - ゲ∃ ヨ͡ ヰ∠ ∇レョぁ ￢∃ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ べ∠レ∇エわ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ ぴ - ケ∠ ギ͡ ホ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨャや ヴ∠ボわ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プ ゅ⇔ルヲ⊥Βハ ⊥ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや ゅ∠レレ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハほ∠よ͡ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ - ゲ∃ シ ⊥ キ⊥ ヱ∠ ゥ ∃ ヲ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ れ ͡ や∠ク ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ び ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ミ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨャあ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ (So We opened t he gat es of t he heaven wit h wat er pouring fort h. And We caused springs t o gush fort h from t he eart h. So t he wat ers (of t he heaven and t he eart h) met for a mat t er predest ined. And We carried him on a (ship) made of planks and nails. Float ing under Our Eyes: a reward for him who had been rej ect ed!)ぴ54:11-14び In reference t o Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ケヲぁレわｚ ャや ケ∠ ゅ∠プヱ∠ ぴ (and t he oven gushed fort h.) It is relat ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "At -Tannur is t he face of t he eart h.'' This verse means t hat t he face of t he eart h became gushing wat er springs. This cont inued unt il t he wat er gushed fort h from t he Tananir, which are places of fire. Therefore, wat er even gushed from t he places where fire normally would be. This is t he opinion of t he maj orit y of t he Salaf (predecessors) and t he scholars of t he Khalaf (lat er generat ions). At t his point , Allah commanded Nuh t o select one pair from every kind of creat ure possessing a soul, and load t hem on t he ship. Some said t hat t his included ot her creat ures as well, such as pairs of plant s, male and female. It has also been said t hat t he first of t he birds t o ent er t he ship was t he parrot , and t he last of t he animals t o ent er was t he donkey. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥メ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and your family -- except him against whom t he Word has already gone fort h) This means, "Load your family upon t he ship.'' This is referring t o t he members of his household and his relat ives, except him against whom t he Word has already gone fort h, for t hey did not believe in Allah. Among t hem was t he son of Nuh, Yam, who went in hermit age. Among t hem was t he wife of Nuh who was a disbeliever in Allah and His Messenger. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∠リョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hose who believe.) from your people.

び∀モΒ͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And none believed wit h him, except a few.) This means t hat only a very small number believed, even aft er t he long period of t ime t hat he (Nuh) was among t hem -- nine hundred and fift y years. It is report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "They were eight y people including t heir women.''

ゅ∠ワゅ∠シ∇ゲョ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワや∠ゲ∇イョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥らミ∠ ∇ケや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ヴプ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ケ∀ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ャ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ゴ͡ ∇バョ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇よや ∀ゥヲ⊥ル ン∠キゅ∠ルヱ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ァ ∃ ∇ヲョ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ノ∠ ョｚ リ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レバ∠ ョｚ ょ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ケや ヴ ｚ レ∠ ら⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ￢͡ べ∠ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡レヨ⊥ ダ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ モ ∃ ら∠ ィ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ヱべ∠シ メ ∠ ゅ∠ェヱ∠ ユ∠ ェ ͡ ケｚ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ タ ͡ ゅ∠ハ びリ ∠ Β͡ホゲ∠ ∇ピヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ァ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ (41. And he said: "Embark t herein: in t he Name of Allah will be it s (moving) course and it s (rest ing) anchorage. Surely, my Lord is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.'') (42. So it (t he ship) sailed wit h t hem amidst waves like mount ains, and Nuh called out t o his son, who had separat ed himself (apart ): "O my son! Embark wit h us and be not wit h t he disbelievers.'') (43. The son replied: "I will bet ake myself t o some mount ain, it will save me from t he wat er.'' Nuh said: "This day t here is no savior from t he decree of Allah except him on whom He has mercy.'' And waves came in bet ween t hem, so he (t he son) was among t he drowned.)

The riding upon the Ship and Its sailing through the huge Waves Allah, t he Exalt ed, says concerning Nuh, t hat he said t o t hose whom he was commanded t o carry t hem wit h him in t he ship,

びゅ∠ワゅ∠シ∇ゲョ⊥ ∠ヱ ゅ∠ワや∠ゲ∇イョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥らミ∠ ∇ケやぴ (Embark t herein: in t he Name of Allah will be it s (moving) course and it s (rest ing) anchorage.) This means t hat it s sailing upon t he surface of t he wat er, t he end of it s j ourneying and it s anchoring, would all be wit h t he Name of Allah. Abu Raj a' Al-` Ut aridi recit ed it , (͡ユ∇ジよ͡ ぶ ͡ や ゅ∠ヰΑ͡ゲイ⊥ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡シ∇ゲョ⊥ ヱ) "In t he Name of Allah, Who will be t he One Who moves it s course, and rest s it s anchor.'' Allah, t he Exalt ed, said,

モ ͡ ボ⊥ プ∠ マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ バ∠ ョｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ろ ∠ ∇Αヲ∠ わ∠ ∇シや や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ モ⊥ホヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ルゅｚイル∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや びリ ∠ Β͡ャゴ͡ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ゅ⇔ミ∠ケゅ∠らョぁ Ι ⇔ ゴ∠ レ⊥ョ ヴ͡レ∇ャゴ͡ ル∠ぺ ゆ あ ケｚ (And when you have embarked on t he ship, you and whoever is wit h you, t hen say: "All t he praises and t hanks are t o Allah, Who has saved us from t he people who are wrongdoers. And say: "My Lord! Cause me t o land at a blessed landing place, for You are t he Best of t hose who bring t o land.'')ぴ23:28-29び For t his reason, it is preferred t o ment ion t he Name of Allah (Bismillah) at t he beginning of all affairs. The Name of Allah should be ment ioned when boarding a ship, or when mount ing an animal. This is as Allah, t he Exalt ed, says,

マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤｚミ⊥ ァ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇コΕ ∠やペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び͡ロケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ヲわ∠ ∇ジわ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らミ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や∠ヱ (And Who has creat ed all t he pairs and has appoint ed for you ships and cat t le on which you ride, in order t hat you may mount on t heir backs.)ぴ43:12-13び This pract ice (ment ioning Allah's Name) has been encouraged in t he Sunnah and is considered a preferred act . A discussion concerning t his is fort hcoming in t he explanat ion of Surat Az-Zukhruf (43), if Allah wills. In reference t o Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ケ∀ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ャ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, my Lord is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) Such st at ement is suit able while ment ioning (His) vengeance upon t he disbelievers by drowning all of t hem. Therefore, he (Nuh) ment ions t hat His Lord is Oft Forgiving, Most Merciful. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ケ∀ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Α͡ゲジ ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ

(Surely, your Lord is swift in ret ribut ion, and cert ainly He is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) ぴ7:167び He also says,

ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤニ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤあャ り∃ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヱ⊥グャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ゆゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギゼ ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ (But verily, your Lord is full of forgiveness for mankind inspit e of t heir wrongdoing. And verily, your Lord is (also) severe in punishment .) ぴ13:6び Likewise, t here are many ot her verses t hat combine Allah's mercy and His vengeance. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び͡メゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ァ ∃ ∇ヲョ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (So it sailed wit h t hem amidst waves like mount ains,) This means t hat t he ship sailed wit h t hem upon t he surface of t he wat er, which had complet ely covered t he eart h unt il it encompassed t he t ops of t he mount ains and even rose over t hem by a height of fift een cubit s. It was also said t hat t he waves rose over t he mount ains by a height of eight y miles. Yet , t his ship cont inued t o move upon t he wat er, sailing by t he permission of Allah. It moved under His shade, His help, His prot ect ion and His blessing. This is as Allah, t he Exalt ed, said,

- る͡ Α∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ゅ∠ピデ ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ び る∀ Β∠ ハ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ラク⊥ ぺ⊥ べ∠ヰΒ∠ バ͡ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠バ∠ ∇イレ∠ ャ͡ (Verily, when t he wat er rose beyond it s limit s, We carried you in t he ship. That We might make it an admonit ion for you and it might be ret ained by t he ret aining ears.)ぴ69:11-12び Allah also said,

ゅ∠レレ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハほ∠よ͡ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ - ゲ∃ シ ⊥ キ⊥ ヱ∠ ゥ ∃ ヲ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ れ ͡ や∠ク ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ る⇔ Α∠ や￢ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ミゲ∠ ゎｚ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ミ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨャあ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ び ゲ∃ ミ͡ ギｚ ョぁ リ͡ョ (And We carried him on a (ship) made of planks and nails, float ing under Our Eyes: a reward for him who had been rej ect ed! And indeed, We have left t his as a sign. Then is t here any t hat will remember (or receive admonit ion))ぴ54:13-15び

The Story of the drowning of Nuh's Disbelieving Son Allah cont inues t he st ory, saying,

び⊥ヮレ∠ ∇よや ∀ゥヲ⊥ル ン∠キゅ∠ルヱ∠ ぴ (and Nuh called out t o his son,) This was t he fourt h son of Nuh. His name was Yam and he was a disbeliever. His fat her, Nuh, called him at t he t ime of boarding t he ship, t hat he might believe and embark wit h t hem. If he did so, he would be saved from drowning like t he ot her disbelievers.

び͡￢べ∠ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡レヨ⊥ ダ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ モ ∃ ら∠ ィ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ヱべ∠シ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (The son replied: "I will bet ake myself t o some mount ain, it will save me from t he wat er.'') He believed, in his ignorance, t hat t he flood would not reach t he t ops of t he mount ains and t hat if he clung t o t he t op of a mount ain, he would be saved from drowning. His fat her, Nuh, said t o him,

び∠ユェ ͡ ケｚ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ タ ͡ ゅ∠ハ Ι ∠ぴ (This day t here is no savior from t he decree of Allah except him on whom He has mercy.) This means t hat not hing will be saved t oday from t he command of Allah.

び∠リΒ͡ホゲ∠ ∇ピヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ァ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ェヱ∠ ぴ (And waves came in bet ween t hem, so he (t he son) was among t he drowned.)

ヴ͡バヤ͡∇ホぺ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ポ ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ョ ヴ͡バヤ∠∇よや チ ⊥ ∇ケほ∠Α∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ ぴ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇れヲ∠ わ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘや ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ヂ ∠ Β͡ビヱ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ヤャあ や⇔ギ∇バよ⊥ モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ ン あ キ͡ ヲ⊥イ∇ャや (44. And it was said: "O eart h! Swallow up your wat er, and O sky! Wit hhold (your rain).'' And t he wat er was made t o subside and t he decree was fulfilled. And it rest ed on (Mount ) Judi, and it was said: "Away wit h t he people who are wrongdoing!'')

The End of the Flood Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs t hat when t he people of t he eart h were all drowned, except for t he people on t he ship, He commanded t he eart h t o swallow it s wat er, which had sprang from it and gat hered upon it . Then He commanded t he sky t o cease raining.

び⊥￢べ∠ヨ∇ャや ヂ ∠ Β͡ビヱ∠ ぴ

(And t he wat er was made t o subside) This means t hat it (t he wat er) began t o decrease.

び⊥ゲ∇ョΙ ｘやヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t he decree was fulfilled.) This means t hat all of t hose who disbelieved in Allah were removed from t he people of t he eart h. Not a single one of t hem remained upon t he eart h.

び∇れヲ∠ わ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ (And it (t he ship) rest ed) This is referring t o t he ship and t hose who were in it .

びあンキ͡ ヲ⊥イ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (on (Mount ) Judi.) Muj ahid said, "Judi is a mount ain in Al-Jazirah (Nort hwest Mesopot amia) where t he mount ains sought t o t ower above each ot her on t he day of t he drowning. On t hat day of dest ruct ion, all t he mount ains sought t o be higher (t o avoid being overcome by t he wat er). However, t his mount ain (Judi) humbled it self for Allah, t he Might y and Sublime, and t herefore it was not drowned. This is why Nuh's ship anchored upon it .'' Qat adah said, "The ship rest ed upon it (Mount Judi) for a mont h before t hey (t he people) came down from it . '' Qat adah also said, "Allah made Nuh's ship remain on Mount Judi in t he land of Al-Jazirah, as a lesson and a sign.'' Even t he early generat ions of t his Ummah saw it . How many ships are t here t hat have come aft er it and have been dest royed and became dust

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ヤャあ や⇔ギ∇バよ⊥ モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ ぴ (and it was said: "Away wit h t he people who are wrongdoing!'') means dest ruct ion and loss for t hem. The t erm "away wit h'' here implies being far away from t he mercy of Allah. For verily, t hey were dest royed t o t he last of t hem, and none of t hem survived.

ヴ͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヴ͡レよ⊥ や ラ ｚ ま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ヮ⊥ よｚ ケｚ ∀ゥヲ⊥ル ン∠キゅル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨム͡ ⇒∠エ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ウ ∃ ヤ͡⇒∠タ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ モ ∀ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ゥ ⊥ ヲ⊥レΑ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ラぺ∠ マ ∠ヌ ⊥ハ ͡ ぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ∀ユ∇ヤ͡ハ ヮ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ⇒͡レ∇ャほ∠∇ジゎ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ほ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡

リ⊥ミぺ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピゎ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∀ユ∇ヤ͡ハ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ͡ャ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ョ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ (45. And Nuh called upon his Lord and said, "O my Lord! Verily, my son is of my family! And cert ainly, Your promise is t rue, and You are t he Most Just of t he j udges.'') (46. He said: "O Nuh! Surely, he is not of your family; verily, his work is unright eous, so ask not of Me t hat of which you have no knowledge! I admonish you, lest you should be one of t he ignorant .'') (47. Nuh said: "O my Lord! I seek refuge wit h You from asking You t hat of which I have no knowledge. And unless You forgive me and have mercy on me, I would indeed be one of t he losers.'')

A Return to the Story of the Son of Nuh and mentioning what transpired between Nuh and Allah concerning Him This was a request for informat ion and an inquiry from Nuh concerning t he cirumst ances of his son's drowning.

びヴ͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヴ͡レよ⊥ や ラ ｚ ま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ (and said, "O my Lord! Verily, my son is of my family!'') This means, "Verily, You promised t o save my family and Your promise is t he t rut h t hat does not fail. Therefore, how can he (my son) be drowned and You are t he Most Just of t he j udges''

び∠マヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ゥ ⊥ ヲ⊥レΑ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He (Allah) said: "O Nuh! Surely, he is not of your family...'') This means, "He (your son) is not of t hose whom I promised t o save. I only promised you t hat I would save t hose of your family who believe.'' For t his reason Allah said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ l(and your family except him against whom t he Word has already gone fort h.) ぴ11:40び Thus, for his son, it had already been decreed t hat he would be drowned due t o his disbelief and his opposit ion t o his fat her, t he Prophet of Allah, Nuh peace be upon him. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∠マヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Surely, he is not of your family;) meaning t hat he (Nuh's son) was not among t hose whom Allah promised t o save. ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "He was t he son of Nuh, but he opposed him in deeds and int ent ion.'' ` Ikrimah said in some of t he modes of recit at ion it said here, (⊥ヮｚルま͡ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ⇔ヤヨ∠ ハ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ウ ∃ ャ͡ゅ∠タ) "Verily, he (Nuh's son) worked deeds t hat were not right eous.''

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ミゲ∠よヱ∠ ゅｚレョあ ユ∃ ⇒∠ヤジ ∠ よ͡ ∇テら͡ ∇ワや ゥ ⊥ ヲレ⊥ Α モ ∠ Β͡ホぴ ゅｚレョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ぁ ヨ∠ Α∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ あわヨ∠ レ⊥ シ ∠ ユ∀ ョ∠ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ マ ∠ バ∠ ョｚ リｚヨョあ ユ∃ ョ∠ ぺ⊥ び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ (48. It was said: "O Nuh! Come down (from t he ship) wit h peace from Us and blessings on you and on t he people who are wit h you (and on some of t heir offspring), but (t here will be ot her) people t o whom We shall grant t heir pleasures (for a t ime), but in t he end a painful t orment will reach t hem from Us.'')

The Command to descend from the Ship with Peace and Blessings Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs of what was said t o Nuh when t he ship anchored on Mount Judi, peace be upon him, peace were sent upon him and t he believers wit h him. This salut at ion was also for every believer from his progeny unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. Muhammad bin Ka` b said, "Every male and female believer unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion is included in t his salut at ion of peace. Likewise, every male and female disbeliever unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion is included in t his promise of t orment and pleasure. Muhammad bin Ishaq said, "When Allah want ed t o st op t he flood, He sent a wind upon t he face of t he eart h t hat caused t he wat er t o be st ill. Then t he springs of t he eart h were closed off from t he great flooding and t he pouring (rain) from t he sky halt ed. Allah, t he Exalt ed, says,

び͡ポ￢∠ べ∠ョ ヴ͡バヤ∠∇よや チ ⊥ ∇ケほ∠Α∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ ぴ (And it was said: "O eart h! Swallow up your wat er...'') ぴ11:44び Thus, t he wat er began decreasing and subsiding unt il t he ship set t led on Mount Judi. The People of t he Tawrah (t he Jews) claim t hat t his occurred during t he sevent h mont h (of t he year) and it last ed for sevent een night s. Then, on t he first day of t he t ent h mont h, he (Nuh) saw t he mount ain t ops. Then aft er fort y more days, Nuh opened t he small window in t he roof of t he ship and he sent a raven out t o see what t he wat er had done. However, t he raven did not ret urn t o him. Then, he sent a pigeon out but it ret urned t o him wit hout finding any place (land) t o put it s t wo feet down. He ext ended his hand out of t he ship and t he pigeon grabbed his hand so t hat Nuh could pull it back int o t he ship. Then, aft er seven more days passed, he sent t he pigeon out again t o invest igat e for him. The pigeon ret urned in t he evening wit h a leaf from an olive t ree in it s mout h. From t his, Nuh knew t hat t he wat er had decreased from t he face of t he eart h. He remained in t he ship for seven more days before he sent t he pigeon out again. This t ime t he pigeon did not ret urn t o him, so he knew t hat t he eart h had appeared. Thus, a year was complet ed from t he t ime t hat Allah sent t he flood, unt il t he t ime of Nuh sending t he pigeon. The first day of t he first mont h of t he second year began when t he face of t he eart h appeared and land became visible. This is when Nuh uncovered t he opening of t he ship. During t he second mont h of t he second year, aft er t went y six night s,

びゅｚレョあ ユ∃ ⇒∠ヤジ ∠ よ͡ ∇テら͡ ∇ワや ゥ ⊥ ヲ⊥レΑ モ ∠ Β͡ホぴ (It was said: "O Nuh! Come down (from t he ship) wit h peace from Us)

ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠ヰΒ͡ェヲ⊥ル ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ￢͡ べ∠ら∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プ や∠グ⇒∠ワ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヰヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ る∠ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや (49. This is of t he news of t he Unseen which We reveal unt o you; neit her you nor your people knew it before t his. So be pat ient . Surely, t he (good) end is for t hose who have Taqwa.)

The Explanation of These Stories is a Proof of the Revelation of Allah to His Messenger Allah, t he Exalt ed, says t o His Prophet concerning t hese st ories and t heir like,

び͡ょ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ￢͡ べ∠らル∠ぺ ∇リョ͡ ぴ (of t he news of t he Unseen) from t he informat ion of t he unseen of t he past . Allah revealed it t o you (t he Prophet ) in t he way t hat it occurred, as if he wit nessed it himself.

び∠マ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠ヰΒ͡ェヲ⊥ルぴ (which We reveal unt o you;) This means, "We t each it t o you (Muhammad) as revelat ion from Us t o you.''

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヰヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョぴ (neit her you nor your people knew it before t his.) This means t hat neit her you (Muhammad ) nor anyone of your people, have any knowledge of t his. This is so t hat no one who rej ect s you can say t hat you learned it from him. Rat her, it was Allah Who informed you of it in conformit y wit h t he t rue sit uat ion (of t he st ory), j ust as t he Books of t he Prophet s who were before you t est ify t o. Therefore, you should be pat ient wit h t he rej ect ion of your people and t heir harming you. For verily, We shall help you and surround you wit h Our aid. Then, We will make t he (good) end for you and t hose who follow you in t his life and t he Hereaft er. This is what We did wit h t he Messengers when We helped t hem against t heir enemies.

び∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠レャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We will indeed make vict orious Our Messengers and t hose who believe.) Allah also said,

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ャ͡ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケヲ⊥ダレ∠ヨ∇ャや (And, verily, Our Word has gone fort h of old for Our servant s, t he Messengers, t hat t hey verily, would be made t riumphant .) ぴ37:171-172び Then, Allah says,

び∠リΒ͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ る∠ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プぴ (So be pat ient . Surely, t he (good) end is for t hose who have Taqwa.)

ゅ∠ョ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や⇔キヲ⊥ワ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠カぺ∠ キ∃ ゅ∠ハ ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ぴ Ι ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘョ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ン ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ほ∠∇シぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ͡ルゲ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇キゴ͡ Α∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ケや∠ケ∇ギョあ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや モ ͡シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥よヲ⊥ゎ びリ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョ⊥ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ｚヲホ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ り⇔ ヲｚ ホ⊥ (50. And t o t he ` Ad (people We sent ) t heir brot her Hud. He said, "O my people! Worship Allah! You have no ot her god but Him. Cert ainly, you do not hing but invent lies!) (51. "O my people I ask of you no reward for it (t he Message). My reward is only from Him Who creat ed me. Will you not t hen underst and'') (52. "And O my people! Ask forgiveness of your Lord and t hen repent t o Him, He will send you (from t he sky) abundant rain, and add st rengt h t o your st rengt h, so do not t urn away as criminals.'')

The Story of Prophet Hud and the People of ` Ad Allah, t he Exalt ed, says,

びヱぴ (And) This is an int roduct ory t o what is implied: "Verily, We sent .''

びや⇔キヲ⊥ワ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ キ∃ ゅ∠ハヴ∠ャま͡ぴ

(t o t he ` Ad (people) t heir brot her Hud.) Hud came t o t hem commanding t hem t o worship Allah alone, wit hout any associat es. He forbade t hem from worshipping t he idols which t hey made up, invent ing names as gods. He informed t hem t hat he did not want any reward from t hem for his sincere advising and conveying of Allah's Message. He only sought his reward from Allah, t he One Who creat ed him.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Will you not t hen underst and) Someone has come calling you t o what will benefit your sit uat ion in t his life and t he Hereaft er wit hout asking for any wage (from t hem). Then he commanded t hem t o seek t he forgiveness of t he One Who is capable of expiat ing previous sins. He also commanded t hem t o repent for t hat which t hey may do in t he fut ure. Whoever has t hese charact erist ics, Allah will make his sust enance easy for him, grant him ease in his affairs and guard over his sit uat ion. For t his reason Allah says,

び や⇔ケや∠ケ∇ギョ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや モ ͡シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ぴ (He will send you (from t he sky) abundant rain,)

ヴ͡ミケ͡ ゅ∠わよ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ る∃ レ∠ Βあ ら∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ゅ∠ョ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ ラ͡ま - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ リ∠ハ ゅ∠レわ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡や￢ ヴあルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ￢∃ ヲ⊥ジよ͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ヂ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ポ ∠ や∠ゲわ∠ ∇ハや Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボルｚ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ヴあルぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇セぺ⊥ ヴあルま͡ - ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ レ⊥ゎ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥ギΒ͡ムプ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ び ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰわ͡ Β∠ タ ͡ ゅ∠レ͡よ ∀グ͡カや￢ (53. They said: "O Hud! No evidence have you brought us, and we shall not leave our gods for your (mere) saying! And we are not believers in you.) (54. All t hat we say is t hat some of our gods (false deit ies) have seized you wit h evil (madness). He said: "I call Allah t o wit ness and bear you wit ness t hat I am free from t hat which you ascribe as part ners in worship, ) (55. Besides Him (Allah). So plot against me, all of you, and give me no respit e.'') (56. I put my t rust in Allah, my Lord and your Lord! There is not a moving creat ure but He has t he grasp of it s forelock. Verily, my Lord is on t he st raight pat h (t he t rut h).)

The Conversation between (the People of) ` Ad and Hud

Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs t hat t hey said t o t heir Prophet ,

び∃るレ∠ Βあ ら∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ゅ∠ョぴ (No evidence have you brought us.) This means t hat t hey claimed t hat Hud had not brought t hem any proof or evidence for what he claimed.

び∠マャ͡∇ヲホ∠ リ∠ハ ゅ∠レわ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡や￢ ヴ͡ミケ͡ ゅ∠わよ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and we shall not leave our gods for your (mere) saying!) They were saying how could his mere st at ement , "Leave t hese gods,'' be sufficient proof for t hem t o leave t heir idols

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and we are not believers in you.) This means t hat t hey did not believe what he was saying was t rue.

び∃￢ヲ⊥ジよ͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ヂ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ポ ∠ や∠ゲわ∠ ∇ハや Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボルｚ ラ͡まぴ (All t hat we say is t hat some of our gods have seized you wit h evil.) They were saying, "We t hink t hat some of our idols have afflict ed you wit h madness and insanit y in your int ellect because you are t rying t o st op t hem from being worshipped and defame t hem.''

ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ヴあルぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇セぺ⊥ ヴあルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び͡ヮル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ヨル∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ (He said: "I call Allah t o wit ness and bear you wit ness, t hat I am free from t hat which you ascribe as part ners in worship besides Him (Allah).)ぴ11:54-55び Here, he is saying, "Verily, I am innocent of all of t he rivals and idols (t hat you associat e wit h Allah).

びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥ギΒ͡ムプ∠ ぴ (So plot against me, all of you,) you and your gods if t hey are t rue.''

び͡ラヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ レ⊥ゎ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and give me no respit e.) t he blinking of an eye.'' Then, Allah says,

る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ びべ∠ヰわ͡ Β∠ タ ͡ ゅ∠レよ͡ ∀グ͡カや￢ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ (I put my t rust in Allah, my Lord and your Lord! There is not a moving creat ure but He has t he grasp of it s forelock.) Every creat ure is under His (Allah's) power and His aut horit y. He is t he Best Judge, t he Most Just , Who does not do any inj ust ice in His ruling. For verily, He is upon t he st raight pat h. Verily, t his argument cont ains a far-reaching proof and absolut e evidence of t he t rut hfulness of what Hud had come t o t hem wit h. It also proves t he falsehood of t hem worshipping idols t hat could not benefit nor harm t hem. Rat her, t hese idols were inanimat e obj ect s t hat could not hear, see, befriend, or make enmit y. The only One Who is wort hy of having worship direct ed solely t owards Him is Allah alone, wit hout any part ners. He is t he One in Whose Hand is t he sovereignt y and He is in cont rol of all t hings. There is not hing except t hat it is under His owner- ship, power and aut horit y. Thus, t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Him and t here is no Lord ot her t han Him.

∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ べｚョ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ピヤ∠∇よぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱぁゲツ ⊥ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ブ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ - ∀ナΒ͡ヘ∠ェ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅｚレョあ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ や⇔キヲ⊥ワ ゅ∠レ∇Βイ ｚ ル∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギエ ∠ィ ∠ ∀キゅ∠ハ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヲ∠ プ - ナ ∃ Β͡ヤビ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅレ∠ ∇Βイ ｚ ル∠ ヱ∠ あモミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇や∇ヲダ ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ∇バャ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ∇ゎぺ⊥ヱ∠ - ギ∃ Β͡レハ ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚらィ ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ キ∃ ゅ∠バャあ や⇔ギ∇バよ⊥ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ や⇔キゅ∠ハ ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι∠ぺ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや び キ∃ ヲ⊥ワ (57. So if you t urn away, st ill I have conveyed t he Message wit h which I was sent t o you. My Lord will make anot her people succeed you, and you will not harm Him in t he least . Surely, my Lord is Guardian over all t hings.) (58. And when Our commandment came, We saved Hud and t hose who believed wit h him by a mercy from Us, and We saved t hem from a severe t orment .) (59. Such were ぴt he people ofび ` Ad. They rej ect ed t he Ayat of t heir Lord and disobeyed His Messengers, and followed t he command of every proud, obst inat e (oppressor of t he t rut h from t heir leaders).) (60. And t hey were pursued by a curse in t his world and (so t hey will be) on t he Day of Resurrect ion. No doubt ! Verily, ` Ad disbelieved in t heir Lord. So away wit h ` Ad, t he people of Hud.) Hud says t o t hem, "If you t urn away from t hat which I have brought t o you in

reference t o worship of Allah, Who is your Lord alone, wit hout any part ners, t hen t he proof has been est ablished against you. This is because I have conveyed t he Message of Allah t o you, which He has sent me wit h.''

び∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ブ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (My Lord will make anot her people succeed you, ) This refers t o a group of people who will worship Allah alone, wit hout associat ing anyt hing wit h Him. This also implies t hat t he polyt heist s do not bot her Allah and t hey do not harm Him in t he least wit h t heir disbelief. To t he cont rary, t heir disbelief merely harms t heir own selves.

び∀ナΒ͡ヘェ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, my Lord is Guardian over all t hings.) This means t hat Allah is a Wit ness and Guardian over t he st at ement s of His servant s and t heir act ions. He will give t hem due recompense for t heir act ions. If t hey do good deeds, He will reward t hem wit h good. If t hey do evil, He will punish t hem wit h evil.

The Destruction of the People of ` Ad and the Salvation of Those among Them Who believed

びゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And when Our commandment came,) This is referring t o t he barren wind wit h which Allah dest royed t hem, t o t he very last of t hem. The mercy and kindness of Allah, t he Exalt ed saved Hud and his followers from t his t errible punishment .

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ギエ ∠ィ ∠ ∀キゅ∠ハ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヲ∠ プぴ g(Such were ` Ad (people). They rej ect ed t he Ayat of t heir Lord) This means t hey disbelieved in t he proofs and revelat ions (of Allah) and t hey disobeyed t he Messengers of Allah. This is due t o t he fact t hat whoever disbelieves in a Prophet , t hen verily, he has disbelieved in all of t he Prophet s, peace be upon t hem. There is no difference bet ween any one of t hem, in t he sense t hat it is necessary t o believe in all of t hem. Therefore, ` Ad disbelieved in Hud and t heir disbelief was considered disbelief in all of t he Messengers.

び∃ギΒ͡レハ ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚらィ ∠ あモミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (and followed t he command of every proud, obst inat e.) This means t hat t hey abandoned following t heir right ly guided Messenger and t hey followed t he command of every proud, obst inat e person. Thus, t hey were followed in t his life by a curse from Allah and His believing servant s whenever t hey are ment ioned. On t he Day of Resurrect ion a call will be made against t hem in front of wit nesses.

び∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ や⇔キゅ∠ハ ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι∠ぺぴ (Verily, ` Ad disbelieved in t heir Lord.)

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ぴ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユミ⊥ ほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥よヲ⊥ゎ ｚユを⊥ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ び ∀ょΒ͡イョぁ ∀ょΑ͡ゲ∠ホ ヴあよケ∠ (61. And t o Thamud (people We sent ) t heir brot her Salih. He said: "O my people! Worship Allah: you have no ot her god but Him. He brought you fort h from t he eart h and set t led you t herein, t hen ask forgiveness of Him and t urn t o Him in repent ance. Cert ainly, my Lord is Near (t o all by His knowledge), Responsive.'')

The Story of Salih and the People of Thamud Allah, t he Exalt ed, says,

びヱぴ (And) This is an int roduct ion t o t hat which is implied, "Verily, We sent .''

び∠キヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (t o Thamud) They were a group of people who were living in cit ies carved from t he rocks, bet ween Tabuk and Al-Madinah (in Arabia). They lived aft er t he people of ` Ad, so Allah sent t o t hem,

び⇔ゅエ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ぴ (t heir brot her Salih.) He (Salih) commanded t hem t o worship Allah alone. He said t o t hem,

び͡チ∇ケｘΙや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユミ⊥ ほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He brought you fort h from t he eart h) This means: ` He began your creat ion from it (t he eart h). From it He creat ed your fat her, Adam.'

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ (and set t led you t herein,) This means: ` He made you prosperous in t he eart h. You are set t led in it and you t reasure it .'

び⊥ロヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ (t hen ask forgiveness) ` This is in reference t o your previous sins. '

び͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥よヲ⊥ゎ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and t urn t o Him in repent ance.) ` This is in reference t o t he fut ure.'

び∀ょΒ͡イョぁ ∀ょΑ͡ゲ∠ホ ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Cert ainly, my Lord is Near (t o all by His knowledge), Responsive.) This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

ょ ⊥ Β͡ィぺ⊥ ∀ょΑ͡ゲ∠ホ ヶあルみ͡プ∠ ヶあレハ ∠ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ほ∠シ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ラゅ∠ハキ∠ や∠クま͡ ネ ͡ やｚギャや り∠ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ (And when My servant s ask you concerning Me, t hen (answer t hem), I am indeed Near (t o t hem by My knowledge). I respond t o t he invocat ions of t he supplicant when he calls on Me.) ぴ2:186び

や∠グ⇒∠ワ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ や６ヲィ ⊥ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠レΒ͡プ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ∇ギホ∠ ウ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ダΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ マ ｙセ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ゅ∠レルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや￢ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇バルｚ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ルゅ∠ヰ∇レゎ∠ ぺ∠ ラ͡ま ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ょ ∃ Α͡ゲョ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠ルヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅｚヨョあ リ∠ヨプ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヴ͡レ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ ヴあよケｚ リあョ る⇔ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ヴ͡レル∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゴゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Βダ ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ラま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡ルゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠Α び ゲ∃ Β͡ジ∇ガゎ∠ (62. They said: "O Salih! You have been among us as a figure of good hope unt il t his! Do you (now) forbid us t he worship of what our fat hers have worshipped But we are really in grave

doubt as t o t hat t o which you invit e us.'') (63. He said: "O my people! Tell me, if I have a clear proof from my Lord, and t here has come t o me a mercy from Him, who t hen can help me against Allah, if I were t o disobey Him Then you increase me not but in loss.'')

The Conversation between Salih and the People of Thamud Allah, t he Exalt ed, ment ions what t ranspired in t he discussion bet ween Salih and his people. Allah informs of t heir ignorance and obst inacy in t heir st at ement ,

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ や６ヲィ ⊥ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠レΒ͡プ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (You have been among us as a figure of good hope t ill t his!) They were saying in t his, "We had hope in your st rong int ellect before you began saying what you have said.''

びゅ∠ルぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや￢ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇バルｚ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ルゅ∠ヰ∇レゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Do you (now) forbid us t he worship of what our fat hers have worshipped) "what t hose who were before us were upon.''

び∃ょΑ͡ゲョ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠ルヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠ゎ ゅｚヨョあ マ ｙセ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ゅ∠レルｚ ͡ま∠ヱぴ (But we are really in grave doubt as t o t hat which you invit e us.) This alludes t o t he great amount of doubt t hat t hey had.

びヴあよケｚ リあョ る∃ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "O my people! Tell me, if I have a clear proof from my Lord...'') ` In reference t o what He (Allah) has sent me wit h t o you, I am upon convict ion and sure evidence.'

∇ラま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡ルゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠Α リ∠ヨプ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヴ͡レ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ヮわ⊥ ∇Βダ ∠ ハ ∠ (and t here has come t o me a mercy from Him, who t hen can help me against Allah, if I were t o disobey Him) ` and abandon calling you t o t he t rut h and t he worship of Allah alone. If I did so, you would not be able t o bring me any benefit , nor increase me

び∃ゲΒ͡ジ∇ガゎ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ぴ (but in loss.)' This means loss and ruin.

ヴ͡プ ∇モミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥ケグ∠ プ∠ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る⊥ ホ∠ ゅ∠ル ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒ワ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α∠ヱぴ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユミ⊥ グ∠ カ ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ￢∃ ヲ⊥ジよ͡ ゅ∠ワヲぁジヨ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや チ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ る∠ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ や∠キ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥ゲボ∠ バ∠ プ∠ - ∀ょΑ͡ゲ∠ホ ゅル∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - ∃ゆヱ⊥グ∇ム∠ョ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∀ギ∇ハ∠ヱ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ゅｚレョあ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ゅ∠レ∇Βイ ｚ ル∠ - ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ン ぁ ヲ͡ ボ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ よｚケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ン ͡ ∇ゴカ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ る⊥ エ ∠ ∇Βｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇や∇ヲレ∠ ∇ピΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ∠ほミ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨん͡ ⇒∠ィ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠Αキ͡ び キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨん∠ ャあ や⇔ギ∇バよ⊥ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ミ (64. "And O my people! This she-camel of Allah is a sign t o you, so leave her t o graze in Allah's land, and t ouch her not wit h evil, lest a near t orment should seize you.'') (65. But t hey slaught ered her. So he said: "Enj oy yourselves in your homes for t hree days. This is a promise (a t hreat ) t hat will not be belied.'') (66. So when Our commandment came, We saved Salih and t hose who believed wit h him by a mercy from Us, and from t he disgrace of t hat Day. Verily, your Lord -- He is t he All-St rong, t he All-Might y.) (67. And As-Sayhah (awful cry) overt ook t he wrongdoers, so t hey lay (dead), prost rat e in t heir homes.) (68. As if t hey had never lived t here. No doubt ! Verily, Thamud disbelieved in t heir Lord. So away wit h Thamud!) A discussion of t his st ory has already preceded in Surat Al-A` raf and it is sufficient wit hout having t o be repeat ed here. Allah is t he Giver of success.

ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ン∠ゲ∇ゼ⇒⊥ら∇ャゅ͡よ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ べ∠レヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - グ∃ Β͡レェ ∠ モ ∃ ∇イバ͡ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ラ∠ぺ ゑ ∠ ら͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ザ ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ム͡ ル∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ⊥ダ ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ン∠ぺケ∠ -ヅ ∃ ヲ⊥ャ ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま ∇ブガ ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ る⇔ ヘ∠ Β͡カ リ͡ョヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シみ͡よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ル∇ゲゼ ｚ ら∠ プ∠ ∇ろム∠ エ ͡ツ ∠ プ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ も͡ べ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや∠ヱ

∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ャ͡ぺ∠￢∠ ゅ∠わ∠ヤ∇Α∠ヲΑ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ - ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ ￢͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ ∀ょΒ͡イ∠ハ ￢∀ ∇ヴゼ ∠ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ガ∇Β∠セ ヴ͡ヤ∇バ∠よ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ∀コヲ⊥イ∠ハ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡らイ ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ び ∀ギΒ͡イョｚ ∀ギΒ͡ヨ∠ェ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ミゲ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ (69. And verily, t here came Our messengers t o Ibrahim wit h t he glad t idings. They said: "Salaman (greet ings or peace!)'' He answered, "Salamun (greet ings or peace!),'' and he hast ened t o ent ert ain t hem wit h a roast ed calf.) (70. But when he saw t heir hands went not t owards it (t he meal), he mist rust ed t hem, and conceived a fear of t hem. They said: "Fear not , we have been sent against t he people of Lut .'') (71. And his wife was st anding (t here), and she laughed. But We gave her glad t idings of Ishaq, and aft er Ishaq, of Ya` qub.) (72. She said (in ast onishment ): "Woe unt o me! Shall I bear a child while I am an old woman, and here is my husband an old man Verily, t his is a st range t hing!'') (73. They said: "Do you wonder at t he decree of Allah The mercy of Allah and His blessings be on you, O t he family ぴof Ibrahimび. Surely, He (Allah) is All-Praisewort hy, All-Glorious.'')

The Coming of the Angels to Ibrahim and Their Glad Tidings to Him of Ishaq and Ya` qub Allah, t he Exalt ed, says,

びべ∠レヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, t here came Our messengers) The word "messengers'' here means angels.

びン∠ゲ∇ゼら⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ぴ (t o Ibrahim wit h t he glad t idings.) It has been said t hat t he word "t he glad t idings'' means, "Receive t he glad t idings of Ishaq.'' Ot hers have said t hat it means, "The dest ruct ion of t he people of Prophet Lut .'' The proof of t he correct ness of t he first view is in Allah's st at ement ,

ン∠ゲ∇ゼら⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ネ ⊥ ∇ヱｚゲャや ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ∇リハ ∠ ょ ∠ ワ∠ ク∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ びヅ ∃ ヲ⊥ャ ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レャ⊥ギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ (Then when t he fear had gone away from (t he mind of) Ibrahim, and t he glad t idings had reached him, he began t o plead wit h Us for t he people of Lut .)ぴ11:74び

び∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "Salaman.'' He answered, "Salamun.'') This means, "Upon you.'' The scholars of explanat ion have said, "Ibrahim's reply of ` Salamun' was bet t er t han t hat wit h which t hey had greet ed him wit h, because t he subj ect ive case (Salamun inst ead of Salaman) alludes t o affirmat ion and et ernit y. ''

び∃グΒ͡レェ ∠ モ ∃ ∇イバ͡ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ラ∠ぺ ゑ ∠ ら͡ ャ∠ ゅヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and he hast ened t o ent ert ain t hem wit h a roast ed calf.) This means t hat he (Ibrahim) left wit h hast e in order t o bring t hem food, as a host . The food t hat he brought was a calf. The word Hanidh means roast ed upon heat ed st ones. This meaning has been report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, Qat adah and ot hers. This is as Allah has said in anot her verse,

∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ゲｚ ボ∠ プ∠ - リ ∃ Β͡ヨシ ∠ モ ∃ ∇イバ͡ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠イプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ パ ∠ や∠ゲプ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ (Then he t urned t o his household, and brought out a roast ed calf. And placed it before t hem (saying): "Will you not eat '')ぴ51:26-27び This verse cont ains many aspect s of t he et iquet t es of host ing guest s.

び∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ム͡ ル∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ⊥ダ ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ン∠ぺケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (But when he saw t heir hands went not t owards it (t he meal), he mist rust ed t hem,) This means t hat he felt est ranged from t hem.

び⇔るヘ∠ Β͡カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ザ ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and conceived a fear of t hem.) This is because angels are not concerned wit h food. They do not desire it , nor do t hey eat it . Therefore, when Ibrahim saw t hem rej ect t he food t hat he had brought t hem, wit hout t ast ing any of it at all, he felt a mist rust of t hem.

び⇔るヘ∠ Β͡カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ザ ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and conceived a fear of t hem. ) As-Suddi said, "When Allah sent t he angels t o t he people of Lut , t hey set out walking in t he form of young men, unt il t hey came t o Ibrahim and t hey were host ed by him. When Ibrahim saw t hem, he rushed t o host t hem.

びリ ∃ Β͡ヨシ ∠ モ ∃ ∇イバ͡ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠イプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ パ ∠ や∠ゲプ∠ ぴ

(Then he t urned t o his household, and brought out a roast ed calf.)ぴ51:26び He slaught ered it (t he calf), roast ed it on hot st ones and brought it t o t hem. Then, he sat down wit h t hem. when he placed it before t hem. (saying): ` Will you not eat ' They said, ` O Ibrahim! Verily, we do not eat food wit hout a price.' Ibrahim t hen said, ` Verily, t his food has a price.' They said, ` What is it s price' He said, ` You must ment ion t he Name of Allah over it before eat ing it and praise Allah upon finishing it .' Jibril t hen looked at Mika'il and said, ` This man has t he right t hat his Lord should t ake him as an int imat e friend.'

び∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ム͡ ル∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ⊥ダ ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ン∠ぺケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (But when he saw t heir hands went not t owards it (t he meal), he mist rust ed t hem,) When Ibrahim saw t hat t hey were not eat ing, he became scared and fright ened by t hem. Then, when Sarah looked and saw t hat he was honoring t hem, she began t o serve t hem and she was laughing. She said, ` What amazing guest s we have. We serve t hem ourselves, showing t hem respect and t hey do not eat our food.''' Then, concerning Allah's st at ement about t he angels,

び∇ブガ ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲャ⊥ゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "Fear not ,'') They were saying, "Do not be afraid of us. Verily, we are angels sent t o t he people of Lut in order t o dest roy t hem.'' Then, Sarah laughed in delight of t he good news of t heir dest ruct ion. This is because t hey had caused much corrupt ion and t heir disbelief was severe. For t his reason, she was rewarded wit h t he glad t idings of a son, even aft er her despair. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ゆヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ ￢͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (and aft er Ishaq, of Ya` qub.) This means t hat t he son t hat she was going t o have would have a son (her grandson) who would succeed him and beget many children. For verily, Ya` qub was t he son of Ishaq, j ust as Allah says in Surat Al-Baqarah,

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ゲ∠ ツ ∠ ェ ∠ ∇クま͡ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ ヰ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ン͡ギ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ Β͡レら∠ ャ͡ や⇔ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ マ ∠ も͡ べ∠よへ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ (Or were you wit nesses when deat h approached Ya'qub When he said unt o his sons, "What will you worship aft er me'' They said, "We shall worship your God, t he God of your fat hers, Ibrahim, Isma` il, Ishaq, One God, and t o him we submit .'') ぴ2:133び From t his point in t his verse t here is an evidence for t hose who say t hat Isma` il was t he son of Ibrahim who was t o be sacrificed. It could not have been Ishaq, because t he glad t idings were given t hat he would have a son born t o him named Ya` qub. So how could Ibrahim be commanded t o sacrifice him when he was a small child and t here had not been born t o him a child yet , named Ya` qub, who was promised The promise of Allah is t rue and t here is no breaking of Allah's promise. Therefore, it is not

possible t hat Ibrahim was t o sacrifice t his child (Ishaq) wit h t he condit ion being as it was. This makes it clear t hat Isma` il was t he son t hat was t o be sacrificed and t his is t he best , most correct and clearest evidence of t hat . And all praise is due t o Allah. 9

びゅ⇔ガ∇Βセ ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∇バ∠よ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ∀コヲ⊥イ∠ハ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ャ͡ぺ∠￢∠ ゅ∠わ∠ヤ∇Α∠ヲΑ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホぴ (She said (in ast onishment ): "Woe unt o me! Shall I bear a child while I am an old woman, and here is my husband an old man'') Allah speaks of her st at ement in t his verse, j ust as He spoke of her act ion in anot her verse.

∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ヰ∇ィヱ∠ ∇ろムｚ ダ ∠ プ∠ り∃ ゲｚ タ ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ろ ͡ ヤ∠ら∠ ∇ホほ∠プ∠ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ボ∠ハ ∀コヲ⊥イ∠ハ (Then his wife came forward wit h a loud voice: she smot e her face, and said: "A barren old woman!'')ぴ51:29び This was t he cust om of t he women in t heir speech and act ions when t hey were expressing amazement .

び͡ヮヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡らイ ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (Then said: "Do you wonder at t he decree of Allah'') This means t hat t he angels were saying t o her, "Do not be amazed at t he command of Allah, for verily, whenever He want s somet hing, He merely says ` Be' and it is. So do not be amazed at t his, even t hough you are old and barren and your husband is a very old man. Verily, Allah is able t o do what ever He wills.''

∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ミゲ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ぴ び∀ギΒ͡イョｚ (The mercy of Allah and His blessing be on you, O t he family (of Ibrahim). Surely, He (Allah) is All-Praisewort hy, All-Glorious.) This means t hat He is t he Most Praisewort hy in all of His act ions and st at ement s. He is praised and glorified in His At t ribut es and His Self. For t his reason, it is confirmed in t he t wo Sahihs t hat t hey (t he Prophet 's Companions) said, "Verily, we already know how t o greet you wit h Salam (peace), but how do we send Salah (prayer) upon you, O Messenger of Allah'' He said,

ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ メ ͡ へ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ あタ ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホ» ∇ポケ͡ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ∩∠ユΒ͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま メ ͡ へ∠ヱ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βヤｚタ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠

メ ͡ へ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ミケ∠ ゅ∠よ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ メ ͡ へ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ «ギΒ͡イョ∠ ∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ (Say, "O Allah, send prayers upon Muhammad and t he family of Muhammad, j ust as You have sent prayers upon Ibrahim and t he family of Ibrahim. And bless Muhammad and t he family of Muhammad, j ust as You have blessed t he family of Ibrahim. Truly, You are t he AllPraisewort hy, All-Glorious.'')

ン∠ゲ∇ゼら⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ネ ⊥ ∇ヱｚゲャや ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ∇リハ ∠ ょ ∠ ワ∠ ク∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ∀ロやｚヱ∠ぺ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠エ∠ャ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ヅ ∃ ヲ⊥ャ ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レャ⊥ギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇リハ ∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハぺ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よみ͡Α - ∀ょΒ͡レョぁ び キ∃ ヱキ⊥ ∇ゲョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎへ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ (74. Then when t he fear had gone away from (t he mind of) Ibrahim, and t he glad t idings had reached him, he began t o plead wit h Us (Our messengers) for t he people of Lut .) (75. Verily, Ibrahim was, wit hout doubt , forbearing, used t o invoke Allah wit h humilit y, and was repent ant .) (76. "O Ibrahim! Forsake t his. Indeed, t he commandment of your Lord has gone fort h. Verily, t here will come a t orment for t hem which cannot be t urned back.'')

The Dispute of Ibrahim over the People of Lut Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs of what happened aft er t he fright of Ibrahim left him and he felt no more fear of t he angels when t hey refused t o eat . Aft er t his, t hey gave him t he glad t idings of t he birt h of a son and t he dest ruct ion of t he people of Lut . When t hey t old him of t his, he spoke t o t hem as Sa` id bin Jubayr narrat ed concerning t his verse. Sa` id said: When Jibril and t he ot her angels who were wit h him came t o Ibrahim, t hey said,

び͡るΑ∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヲ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ヰョ⊥ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, we are going t o dest roy t he people of t his t own.) Ibrahim said t o t hem, "Will you dest roy a t own t hat has t hree hundred believers in it '' They said, "No.'' He t hen said, "Will you dest roy a t own t hat has t wo hundred believers in it '' They said, "No.'' He said, "Will you dest roy a t own t hat has fort y believers in it '' They said, "No.'' He t hen said, "Thirt y'' They st ill replied, "No.'' This cont inued unt il he said, "Five'' They said, "No.'' Then he said, "What do you t hink if t here is one Muslim man in t he t own, would you dest roy it '' They said, "No.'' Wit h t his, Ibrahim said,

ヮ⊥ レｚ Β∠ イ あ レ∠ レ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔デヲ⊥ャ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び⊥ヮゎ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ (But t here is Lut in it . They said: "We know bet t er who is t here. We will verily, save him and his family except his wife.'') Therefore, Ibrahim remained silent and his soul was at rest . Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ∀ょΒ͡レョぁ ∀ロやｚヱ∠ぺ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠エ∠ャ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Ibrahim was, wit hout doubt , forbearing, used t o invoke Alllah wit h humilit y, and was repent ant (t o Allah).) ぴ11:75び This is a commendat ion for Ibrahim because of t hese beaut iful charact erist ics. Then Allah says,

ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇リハ ∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハぺ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ワ∠ゲ∇よ͡みΑぴ び∠マよあ ケ∠ (O Ibrahim! Forsake t his. Indeed, t he commandment of your Lord has gone fort h.) This means t he decree was set t led concerning t hem and t he Word was already given t hat t hey should be dest royed. The evil t orment was coming t o t hem, t hat cannot be avert ed from wicked people.

∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ∠ベゅ∠ッ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ￢∠ ヴ͡シ ゅ⇔デヲ⊥ャ ゅ∠レヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ロ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ - ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ハ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α や∠グ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ⇔ハ∇ケク∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゲ∠ ∇ヰΑ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゲ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ｚリワ⊥ ヴ͡ゎゅ∠レよ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ∀ギΒ͡セケｚ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ ヴ͡ヘ∇Βッ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゴ∇ガゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ペ ｙェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゅ∠ョ ろ ∠ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ び ギ⊥ Α͡ゲル⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バわ∠ ャ∠ (77. And when Our messengers came t o Lut , he was grieved on account of t hem and was concerned for t hem. He said: "This is a dist ressful day.'') (78. And his people came rushing t owards him, and since aforet ime t hey used t o commit crimes, he said: "O my people! Here are my daught ers, t hey are purer for you. So have Taqwa of Allah and disgrace me not wit h regard

t o my guest s! Is t here not among you a single right -minded man'') (79. They said: "Surely, you know t hat we have no need of your daught ers, and indeed you know well what we want !'')

The Coming of the Angels to Lut, His Grief, and His Discussion with His People Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs about t he coming of His messenger angels. Aft er t hey informed Ibrahim of t heir mission t o dest roy t he people of Lut , t hey left him and set out t o dest roy Lut 's people t hat very night . Aft er leaving Ibrahim, t hey came t o Lut . Some say t hat t hey came t o him while he was on a piece of land t hat belonged t o him. Ot hers say t hat t hey came t o him while he was in his home. They approached him while t hey were in t he most handsome of forms. They appeared in t he forms of young men wit h handsome faces. This was a t est from Allah t hat cont ained much wisdom and a firm evidence. Their appearance saddened him (Lut ) and he felt grief in his soul because of t hem. He was afraid t hat if he did not host t hem as his guest s, someone else of his people would host t hem and harm t hem.

び∀ょΒ͡ダハ ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α や∠グ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (He said: "This is a dist ressful day.'') Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers said t hat t his means, "A severe t est for him.'' This was because he knew t hat he would have t o defend t hem and it would cause great problems for him. Qat adah said, "They came t o him while he was on a piece of land t hat belonged t o him. They request ed him t o host t hem. He agreed, but he was shy of t hem and he walked in front of t hem. On t he way t o his home he said t o t hem in at t empt t o convince t hem t o go away, ` By Allah, I do not know any people on t he face of t he eart h more wicked and disgust ing t han t hese people of t his t own.' Then he walked on a lit t le furt her. Then he repeat ed t he same st at ement t o t hem. He cont inued doing t his unt il he had repeat ed t he same t hing four t imes.'' Then Qat adah said, "They were ordered not t o dest roy t hem unt il t heir Prophet t est ified against t hem of t his.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ハ∠ゲ∇ヰΑ⊥ ぴ (rushing t owards him.) meaning, t hey made hast e and rushed due t o t heir delight of t his (new young men). Concerning t he st at ement ,

び͡れゅ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (and since aforet ime t hey used t o commit crimes.) This means t hat t his did not cease being t heir behavior unt il t hey were seized (by Allah's t orment ) and t hey were st ill in t he same condit ion.

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゲ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ｚリワ⊥ ヴ͡ゎゅ∠レよ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "O my people! Here are my daught ers (t he women of t he nat ion), t hey are purer for you...'') This was his at t empt t o direct t hem t o t heir women, for verily t he Prophet is like a fat her for his nat ion. Therefore, he t ries t o guide t hem t o t hat which is bet t er for t hem in t his life and t he Hereaft er. This is similar t o his st at ement t o t hem in anot her verse,

ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ や∠ゲ∇ミグぁ ャや ∠ラヲ⊥ゎ∇ほ∠ゎ∠ぺぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥キゅ∠ハ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇モよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ (Go you in unt o t he males of t he nat ion, and leave t hose whom Allah has creat ed for you t o be your wives Nay, you are a t respassing people!)ぴ26:165-166び Allah said in anot her verse,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ マ ∠ ヰ∠ ∇レル∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They (t he people of t he cit y) said: "Did we not forbid you from ent ert aining any of t he ` Alamin'')ぴ15:70び This means, "Didn't we forbid you from host ing men (male) guest s''

∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ヨバ∠ ャ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤバ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ラ͡ま ヴ͡ゎゅ∠レよ∠ ￢͡ Γ⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ムシ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ (ぴLut び said: "These (t he girls of t he nat ion) are my daught ers, if you must act (so).'' Verily, by your life, in t heir wild int oxicat ion, t hey were wandering blindly.)ぴ15:71-72び Then, Allah said, in t his noble verse,

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゲ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ｚリワ⊥ ヴ͡ゎゅ∠レよ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワぴ (Here are my daught ers, t hey are purer for you.) Muj ahid said, "Act ually, t hey were not his daught ers, but t hey were from among his nat ion. Every Prophet is like a fat her t o his nat ion.'' A similar st at ement has been report ed from Qat adah and ot hers. Concerning t he st at ement ,

びヴ͡ヘ∇Βッ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゴ∇ガゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プぴ (So have Taqwa of Allah and disgrace me not wit h regard t o my guest s!) This means, "Accept what I command you by limit ing t he fulfillment of your desires t o your women.''

び∀ギΒ͡セケｚ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Is t here not among you a single right -minded man) This means, "Is t here not a good man among you who will accept what I am enj oining upon you and abandon what I have forbidden for you''

びｙペェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゅ∠ョ ろ ∠ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "Surely, you know t hat we have no need of your daught ers...'') This means, "Verily, you know t hat we do not want our women, nor do we desire t hem.''

び⊥ギΑ͡ゲル⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バわ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and indeed you know well what we want !) This means, "We only want males and you know t hat . So what need is t here for you t o cont inue speaking t o us about t his''

び ギ∃ Α͡ギセ ∠ リ ∃ ∇ミケ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ヱへ ∇ヱぺ∠ り⇔ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヴ͡ャ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ゲ͡ ∇シほ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤダ ͡ Α∠ リ∠ャ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま ヅ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇ろヘ͡ わ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや リ ∠ ョあ ノ∃ ∇トボ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ワほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ∠ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰら⊥ Β͡ダョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ マ ∠ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや びょ ∃ Α͡ゲボ∠ よ͡ ウ ⊥ ∇らぁダャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ ウ ⊥ ∇らぁダャや (80. He said: "Would t hat I had st rengt h t o overpower you, or t hat I could bet ake myself t o some powerful support .'') (81. They (messengers) said: "O Lut ! Verily, we are t he messengers from your Lord! They shall not reach you! So t ravel wit h your family in a part of t he night , and let not any of you look back; but your wife (will remain behind), verily, t he punishment which will afflict t hem, will afflict her. Indeed, morning is t heir appoint ed t ime. Is not t he morning near'')

Lut's Inability, His Desire for Strength and the Angels' Informing Him of the Reality Allah, t he Exalt ed says t hat Lut was t hreat ening t hem wit h his st at ement ,

び⇔りヲｚ ホ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヴ͡ャ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ (Would t hat I had st rengt h (men) t o overpower you,) meaning, ` I would surely have made an example of you and done (harm) t o you from myself and my family.' In t his regard, t here is a Hadit h which is report ed from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

リ ∃ ∇ミケ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヵ͡ヱ∇ほΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ヅ ∃ ヲ⊥ャ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や る⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ » «ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ヶ͡レ∇バΑ∠ ぶ ∠ や ゴｚ ハ ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠

∇リョ͡ り∃ ヱ∠ ∇ゲを∠ ヶ͡プ ゅｚャま͡ ヶ ∠ ら͡ ル∠ ∇リョ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ » «ヮ͡ョ∇ヲホ∠ (May Allah's mercy be upon Lut , for verily, he bet ook himself t o a powerful support --ぴmeaning Allah, t he Might y and Sublime.び Allah did not send any Prophet aft er him, except amidst ぴan influent ial familyび among his people.) Wit h t his, t he angels informed him t hat t hey were t he messengers of Allah sent t o t hem. They also t old him t hat his people would not be able t o reach him (wit h any harm).

び∠マ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤダ ͡ Α∠ リ∠ャ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま ヅ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They (messengers said): "O Lut ! Verily, we are t he messengers from your Lord! They shall not reach you!) They commanded him t o t ravel wit h his family during t he last part of night and t hat he should follow t hem from behind. In t his way it would be as t hough he were driving his family (as a cat t le herder).

び∀ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇ろヘ͡ わ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and let not any of you look back;) This means, "If you hear t he sound of what (t orment ) befalls t hem (t he people of t he village), do not rush t owards t hat dist urbing noise. Rat her, cont inue leaving.''

び∠マゎ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (but your wife,) Most of t he scholars said t hat t his means t hat she would not t ravel at night and she did not go wit h Lut . Rat her, she st ayed in her house and was dest royed. Ot hers said t hat it means t hat she looked back (during t he t ravel). This lat er group says t hat she left wit h t hem and when she heard t he inevit able dest ruct ion, she t urned and looked back. When she looked she said, "O my people!'' Thus, a st one came down from t he sky and killed her. Then t hey (t he angels) brought close t o him t he dest ruct ion of his people as good news for him, because he said t o t hem, "Dest roy t hem in t his very hour.'' They replied,

び∃ょΑ͡ゲボ∠ よ͡ ウ ⊥ ∇らぁダャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ ウ ⊥ ∇らぁダャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ∠ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Indeed, morning is t heir appoint ed t ime. Is not t he morning near) They were saying t his while Lut s people were st anding at his door. They t ried t o rush his door from all sides and Lut was st anding at t he door repelling t hem, det erring t hem and t rying t o prevent t hem from what t hey were doing. Yet , t hey would not list en t o him. Inst ead, t hey t hreat ened him and sought t o int imidat e him. At t his point , Jibril came out t o t hem and st ruck t hem in t heir faces wit h his wing. This blow blinded t heir eyes and t hey ret reat ed, unable t o see t heir way. This is as Allah said,

∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ べ∠レ∇ジヨ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヘ͡ ∇Βッ ∠ リ∠ハ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥キヱ∠ や∠ケ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び ケ͡ グ⊥ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ͡よや∠グハ ∠ (And t hey indeed sought t o shame his guest (asking t o commit sodomy wit h t hem). So We blinded t heir eyes (saying), "Then t ast e you My t orment and My warnings.'')ぴ54:37び

ゅ∠ル∇ゲト ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠プ͡ ゅ∠シ ゅ∠ヰΒ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ハ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ び キ∃ ヲ⊥ツ∇レョｚ モ ∃ Βあイシ ͡ リあョ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠イェ ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ び ギ∃ Β͡バら∠ よ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ る⇔ ョ∠ ヲｚ ジ ∠ ョぁ ぴ (82. So when Our commandment came, We t urned t hem upside down, and rained on t hem st ones of clay, in an array.) (83. Marked from your Lord; and t hey are not ever far from t he wrongdoers.)

The Town of Lut's People is overturned and Their Destruction Allah, t he Exalt ed, says,

びゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (So when Our commandment came,) This happened at sunrise.

びゅ∠ヰΒ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ハ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ぴ (We ぴt urned it び...) The cit y of Sadum (Sodom)

びゅ∠ヰヤ∠プ͡ ゅ∠シぴ (upside down,) This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び ヴｚゼビ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ⇒ｚゼピ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So t here covered t hem t hat which did cover (t orment wit h st ones).)ぴ53:54び This means, "We rained upon it wit h st ones made of Sij j il.'' Sij j il is a Persian word meaning st ones made of clay. This definit ion has been ment ioned by Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers. Some of t he scholars said t hat it

(Sij j il) derived from t he word Sang, which means a st one. Some ot hers said it means Wakil, which is clay. In anot her verse Allah says,

び∃リΒ͡デ リあョ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠イェ ͡ぴ (t he st ones of clay,) This means clay made int o st rong, hard st one. Some of t he scholars said it means baked clay. Al-Bukhari said, "Sij j il means t hat which is big and st rong.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∃キヲ⊥ツ∇レョｚ ぴ (in an array. ) Some of t he scholars said t hat Mandud means t he st ones were arranged in t he heavens and prepared for t hat (dest ruct ion). Ot hers said,

び∃キヲ⊥ツ∇レョｚ ぴ (in an array.) This word means t hat some of t hem (t he st ones) followed ot hers in t heir descent upon t he people of Lut . Concerning t he st at ement ,

び⇔る∠ョヲｚ ∠ジョぁ ぴ (Marked) meaning t he st ones were marked and sealed, all of t hem having t he names of t heir vict ims writ t en on t hem. Qat adah and ` Ikrimah bot h said, "Musawwamah means each st one was encompassed by a sprinkling of red coloring.'' The comment at ors have ment ioned t hat it (t he shower of st ones) descended upon t he people of t he t own and upon t he various villages around it . One of t hem would be speaking wit h some people when a st one would st rike him from t he sky and kill him while he was among t he people. Thus, t he st ones followed t hem, st riking t he people in t he ent ire land unt il t hey dest royed t hem all. Not a single one of t hem remained. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∃ギΒ͡バら∠ よ͡ ∠リΒ͡ヨ͡ヤ⇒ｚヌャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey are not ever far from t he wrongdoers.) This means t hat t his vengeance (of Allah) is not far from similar wrongdoers. Verily, it has been report ed in a Hadit h of t he Sunan collect ions, from Ibn ` Abbas, which he at t ribut ed t o t he Prophet ,

やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プ ヅ ∃ ヲ⊥ャ ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ モ ∠ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ⊥ ∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ヮ͡よ メ ∠ ヲ⊥バ∇ヘヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ハ ͡ ゅ∠ヘ∇ャや (Whoever you find doing t he deed of Lut 's people ぴhomosexualit yび, t hen kill t he doer and t he one who allows it t o be done t o him (bot h part ners).)

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔ら∇Βバ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ リ ∠ Α∠ ∇ギョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ムヨ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ダボ⊥ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあル͡ま∠ヱ ゲ∃ ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ケぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ラ ∠ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ びテ ∃ Β͡エョぁ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ (84. And t o t he Madyan people (We sent ) t heir brot her Shu` ayb. He said: "O my people! Worship Allah, you have no ot her god but Him, and give not short measure or weight . I see you in prosperit y and verily, I fear for you t he t orment of a Day encompassing.'')

The Story of the People of Madyan and the Call of Shu` ayb Allah, t he Exalt ed, says, ` We sent a Messenger t o t he people of Madyan.' They were a t ribe of Arabs who lived bet ween t he land of t he Al-Hij az and Ash-Sham, close t o t he land of Ma` an. Their land was known by t he name of t heir t ribe and was t hus, called Madyan. Allah sent unt o t hem t he Prophet Shu` ayb and he was of t he noblest of t hem in lineage. For t his reason, Allah said,

びゅ⇔ら∇Βバ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ぴ (t heir brot her Shu` ayb.) Shu` ayb commanded t hem t o worship Allah alone wit hout associat ing any part ners wit h him. He also prohibit ed t hem from cheat ing in t heir weight s and measures (for business t ransact ions).

び∃ゲ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ やケ∠ ぺ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ (I see you in prosperit y) meaning, ` in your livelihood and your provisions. And verily, I fear t hat you will be deprived of t his bount y t hat you are enj oying by violat ing Allah's prohibit ions.'

び∃テΒ͡エョぁ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and verily, I fear for you t he t orment of a Day encompassing.) This means t he abode of t he Hereaft er.

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ メ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ムヨ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥プ∇ヱぺ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α∠ヱぴ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇や∇ヲん∠ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠Β∇セぺ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ∇やヲ⊥ジガ ∠ ∇らゎ∠ びリ ∠ Αギ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘョ⊥

∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ⊥ Βｚ ボ͡ よ∠ び-ナ ∃ Β͡ヘエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (85. "And O my people! Give full measure and weight in j ust ice and reduce not t he t hings t hat are due t o t he people, and do not commit mischief in t he land, causing corrupt ion.'') (86. "That which is left by Allah is bet t er for you, if you are believers. And I am not a guardian over you.'') First , he (Shu` ayb) prohibit ed t hem from cheat ing in business by decreasing t he weight s whenever t hey gave (product s) t o people. He commanded t hem t o give j ust measure and weight whet her t hey were giving or receiving (in t ransact ions). He also forbade t hem from causing mischief and corrupt ion in t he land. This was due t o t heir pract ice of highway robbery along t he roads. Abu Ja` far bin Jarir said,

び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ⊥ Βｚ ボ͡ よ∠ ぴ (That which is left by Allah (aft er giving t he right s of t he people) is bet t er for you,) "This means what you gain from your successful business dealings in which you have given j ust measure, is bet t er for you t han wrongfully t aking t he wealt h of t he people.'' Ibn Jarir said t hat t his st at ement has been report ed from Ibn ` Abbas and I say it is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

マ ∠ ら∠ イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ょ ⊥ Βあ ト ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゑ ⊥ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ヲわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ｚ モ⊥ホぴ び͡ゑΒ͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ゲ∠ ∇んミ∠ (Say: "Not equal are Khabit h (all t hat is evil) and Tayyib (all t hat is good), even t hough t he abundance of Khabit h may please you.'')ぴ5:100び Allah t hen says,

び∃ナΒ͡ヘエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And I am not a guardian over you.) This means a wat cher over you people. In ot her words, "Do t his for Allah and not t o be seen by t he people.''

ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇わルｚ ラ∠ぺ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ マ ∠ ゎ⊥ ヲ∠ ヤ∠タ ∠ ぺ∠ ょ ⊥ ∇Βバ∠ ゼ ⊥ Α∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ ろ ∠ ル∂Ι マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ や⊥ぽゼ ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レャ͡や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇ヘルｚ ラ∠ぺ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ルぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや￢ び ギ⊥ Β͡セゲｚ ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ヤエ ∠ ∇ャや (87. They said: "O Shu` ayb! Does your Salah command you t hat we give up what our fat hers used t o worship, or t hat we give up doing what we like wit h our propert y Verily, you are t he forbearer, right -minded!'')

The Response of Shu` ayb's People They said t o Shu` ayb, in mockery,

び∠マゎ⊥ ∠ヲ∠ヤ∠タ∠ぺぴ (Does your Salah) Al-A` mash said, "This means your reading.''

びべ∠ルぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや￢ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇わルｚ ラ∠ぺ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ぴ (command you t hat we give up what our fat hers used t o worship,) meaning t he idols and st at ues.

びや⊥ぽゼ ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レャ͡や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇ヘルｚ ラ∠ぺ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or t hat we give up doing what we like wit h our propert y) This means, "Should we abandon our pract ice of light ening t he scales because of your st at ement This is our wealt h and we will do wit h it as we please.'' Al-Hasan said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びべ∠ルぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや￢ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇わルｚ ラ∠ぺ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ マ ∠ ゎ⊥ ヲ∠ ヤ∠タ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Does your Salah command you t hat we give up what our fat hers used t o worship,)ぴ11:87び "By Allah, t his means t hat his prayer commanded t hem t o abandon what t heir fat hers used t o worship.'' At -Thawri said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びや⊥ぽゼ ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レャ͡や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇ヘルｚ ラ∠ぺ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or t hat we give up doing what we like wit h our propert y) "They were speaking in reference t o t he paying of Zakah (charit y). ''

び⊥ギΒ͡セゲｚ ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ヤエ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ル∂Ι マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, you are t he forbearer right -minded!) Ibn ` Abbas, Maymun bin Mihran, Ibn Jurayj , Ibn Aslam, and Ibn Jarir all said, "These enemies of Allah were only saying t his in mockery. May Allah disfigure t hem and curse t hem from ever receiving His mercy. And verily, He did so.''

ヴあよケｚ リあョ る∃ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ∇ユム⊥ ヘ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠カぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔レジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヴ͡レホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠

ゅ∠ョ ウ ∠ ⇒∠ヤ∇タΗ ͡や Ι ｚ ま͡ ギ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ ∇ラま͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ͡ボΒ͡プ∇ヲゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや びょ ⊥ Β͡ルぺ⊥ (88. He said: "O my people! Tell me if I have a clear evidence from my Lord and He has given me a good sust enance from Himself (shall I corrupt it by mixing it wit h t he unlawfully earned money). I wish not , in cont radict ion t o you, t o do t hat which I forbid you. I only desire reform t o t he best of my power. And my guidance cannot come except from Allah, in Him I put my t rust and unt o Him I repent .'')

Shu` ayb's Refutation of His People He said t o t hem: Do you see O my people, t hat if I

びヴあよケｚ リあョ る∃ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (have a clear evidence from my Lord) meaning, upon clear guidance in t hat which I am calling t o.

びゅ⇔レジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヴ͡レホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He has given me a good sust enance from Himself.) It has been said t hat he meant t he prophet hood. It has also been said t hat he meant t he lawful provisions. It seems t hat t he verse carries bot h meanings. At h-Thawri said,

び⊥ヮ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヘ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠カぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (I wish not , in cont radict ion t o you, t o do t hat which I forbid you.) meaning, ` do not forbid you from somet hing and at t he same t ime I cont radict my prohibit ions in secret behind your backs, doing what I have forbidden.' This is similar t o what Qat adah said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ヮ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヘ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠カぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (I wish not , in cont radict ion t o you, t o do t hat which I forbid you.) "He is saying, ` I do not forbid you all from somet hing while I do it myself.'''

び⊥ろ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ョ ウ ∠ ⇒∠ヤ∇タΗ ͡ やΙ ｚ ま͡ ギ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ ∇ラま͡ぴ

(I only desire reform t o t he best of my power.) This means, "In t hat which I command and forbid you, I only want t o correct your affair as much as I am able.''

びヴ͡ボΒ͡プ∇ヲゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And my guidance cannot come) This means, "In what ever I int end t hat agrees wit h t he t rut h.''

び⊥ろ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except from Allah, in Him I put my t rust ) This means in all of my affairs.

び⊥ょΒ͡ルぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and unt o Him I repent .) meaning; "I ret urn.'' This has been said by Muj ahid and ot hers.

べ∠ョ モ ⊥ ∇んあョ ユ⊥ムら∠ Β͡ダΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ͡ホゅ∠ボセ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ョ∠ ゲ͡ ∇イΑ∠ Ι ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α∠ヱぴ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ウ ∃ ヤ͡⇒∠タ ュ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ キ∃ ヲ⊥ワ ュ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ュ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よヲ⊥ゎ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ - ギ∃ Β͡バら∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ムレあョ ヅ ∃ ヲ⊥ャ ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ び ∀キヱ⊥キ∠ヱ ∀ユΒ͡ェ∠ケ ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ (89. "And O my people! Let not my Shiqaq cause you t o suffer t he fat e similar t o t hat of t he people of Nuh or of Hud or of Salih, and t he people of Lut are not far off from you!'') (90. "And ask forgiveness of your Lord and t urn unt o Him in repent ance. Verily, my Lord is Most Merciful, Most Loving.'') He (Shu` ayb) said t o t hem,

びヴ͡ホゅ∠ボセ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ョ∠ ゲ͡ ∇イΑ∠ Ι ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α∠ヱぴ (And O my people! Let not my Shiqaq cause you) This means, "Do not let your hat red and enmit y of me cause you t o persist in your corrupt ion and disbelief. If you cont inue t his way, you will suffer t he same vengeance and t orment t hat overcame Nuh's people, Hud's people, Salih's people and Lut 's people.'' Qat adah said,

びヴ͡ホゅ∠ボセ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ョ∠ ゲ͡ ∇イΑ∠ Ι ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α∠ヱぴ (And O my people! Let not my Shiqaq cause you) "He is saying, ` Do not be influenced by your differing wit h me.''' As-Suddi said, "This means your enmit y of me should not lead you t o cont inue in misguidance and disbelief, or else you will be afflict ed by what afflict ed t hem.'' Concerning His st at ement ,

び∃ギΒ͡バら∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ムレあョ ヅ ∃ ヲ⊥ャ ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and t he people of Lut are not far off from you!) It has been said t hat t his refers t o t he period of t ime. Qat adah said, "This means t hat t hey were only dest royed before you yest erday.'' It has also been said t hat it refers t o place. Act ually, t he verse carries bot h meanings.

び∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ (And ask forgiveness of your Lord) from t he previous sins.

び͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥よヲ⊥ゎ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and t urn unt o Him in repent ance.) In what ever evil act ions you may encount er in t he fut ure. Concerning his st at ement ,

び∀キヱ⊥キヱ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ェケ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, my Lord is Most Merciful, Most Loving.) t o t hose who repent .

ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅｚヨョあ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ゅ∠ョ ょ ⊥ ∇Βバ∠ ゼ ⊥ Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ べ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヨィ ∠ ゲ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ト ⊥ ∇ワケ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡バッ ∠ ゅ∠レΒ͡プ ポ ∠ や∠ゲレ∠ ャ∠ ユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゴぁ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ͡ト∇ワケ∠ ぺ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ゴ∃ Α͡ゴバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔Α∂ ゲ͡ ∇ヰニ ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ケヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ⊥ ∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ び ∀テΒ͡エョ⊥ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ (91. They said: "O Shu` ayb! We do not underst and much of what you say, and we see you weak among us. Were it not for your family, you would have been st oned, and you are not powerful against us.'') (92. He said: "O my people! Is t hen my family of more weight wit h you t han Allah And you have cast Him away behind your backs. Verily, my Lord is surrounding all t hat you do.'')

The Response of Shu` ayb's People They said,

び⊥ヮボ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ゅ∠ョ ょ ⊥ ∇Βバ∠ ゼ ⊥ Αぴ

(O Shu` ayb! We do not underst and) This means t hat we do not comprehend.

び⇔やゲΒ͡んミ∠ ぴ (much) ` most of what you say'. At h-Thawri said, "He (Shu` ayb) was called t he orat or of t he Prophet s.'' As-Suddi said,

びゅ⇔ヘΒ͡バッ ∠ ゅ∠レΒ͡プ ポ ∠ や∠ゲレ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and we see you weak among us.) "They meant , ` You are only one person.''' Abu Rawq said, "They meant , ` You are despised, because your t ribe is not upon your religion.'''

び∠マ⇒∠レ∇ヨィ ∠ ゲ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ト ⊥ ∇ワケ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Were it not for your family, you would have been st oned,) This means, your people. Were it not for t heir powerful posit ion over t he people of Madyan, t hey would have st oned him t o deat h. Some said t hat t his means wit h rocks. It has also been said t hat t his means t hat t hey would have cursed and insult ed him verbally.

び∃ゴΑ͡ゴバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and you are not powerful against us.) This means, "You have no posit ion of power over us.''

Shu` ayb's Refutation of His People

び͡ヮヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゴぁ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ͡ト∇ワケ∠ ぺ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "O my people! Is t hen my family of more weight wit h you t han Allah'')( He says: You would leave me alone out of respect for my people but not out of respect for t he great ness of t he Lord, t he Most Blessed and Exalt ed Does not your awe of Allah prevent you from harming His Prophet Indeed you have placed t he fear of Allah,

び⇔ゅΑ∂ ゲ͡ ∇ヰニ ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ケヱ∠ ぴ (behind your backs.) This means t hat you have t hrown it behind you. You do not obey it , nor do you respect it .

び∀テΒ͡エョ⊥ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, my Lord is surrounding all t hat you do.) This means t hat He knows all of your act ions and He will reward you according t o t hem.

フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ∀モ͡ヨ⇒∠ハ ヴあルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α∠ヱぴ ∀ゆ͡クゅ∠ミ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Α͡ゴ∇ガΑ⊥ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ リ∠ョ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ - ∀ょΒ͡ホ∠ケ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヴあルま͡ ∇やヲ⊥らボ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱ ゅｚレョあ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ⇔ら∇Βバ∠ セ ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Βイ ｚ ル∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ る⊥ エ ∠ ∇Βｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや れ ͡ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ギ∇バよ⊥ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇や∇ヲレ∠ ∇ピΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ∠ほミ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨん͡ ⇒∠ィ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ び キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ∇れギ∠ バ͡ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ リ ∠ Α∠ ∇ギヨ∠ ャあ (93. "And O my people! Act according t o your abilit y, and I am act ing. You will come t o know who it is on whom descends t he t orment t hat will cover him wit h ignominy, and who is a liar! And wat ch you! Verily, I t oo am wat ching wit h you.'') (94. And when Our commandment came, We saved Shu` ayb and t hose who believed wit h him by a mercy from Us. And As-Sayhah (awful cry) seized t he wrongdoers, and t hey lay (Jat himin) in t heir homes.) (95. As if t hey had never lived t here! So away wit h Madyan j ust as Thamud went away!)

Shu` ayb's threatening of His People When the Prophet of Allah, Shu` ayb, despaired of their response to him, he said, "O my people,

び∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハやぴ (Act according t o your abilit y,) This means, "Act according t o your current ways.'' This is act ually a severe t hreat .

び∀モヨ͡ ⇒∠ハ ヴあル͡まぴ (I am act ing.) according t o my way.

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Α͡ゴ∇ガΑ⊥ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ リ∠ョ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ぴ び∀ゆク͡ ゅ∠ミ

(You will come t o know who it is on whom descends t he t orment t hat will cover him wit h ignominy, and who is a liar!) meaning, bet ween me and you.

び∇やヲ⊥らボ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱぴ (And wat ch you!) This means t o wait .

び∀ょΒ͡ホケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ (I t oo am wat ching wit h you.) Allah t hen says,

ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ⇔ら∇Βバ∠ セ ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Βイ ｚ ル∠ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ る⊥ エ ∠ ∇Βｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや れ ͡ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅｚレョあ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨん͡ ⇒∠ィ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ (And when Our commandment came, We saved Shu` ayb and t hose who believed wit h him by a mercy from Us. And As-Sayhah (awful cry) seized t he wrongdoers, and t hey lay (Jat himin) in t heir homes.) His saying Jat himin means ext inct and lifeless wit hout any movement . Here Allah ment ions t hat a loud cry (Sayhah) came t o t hem. In Surat Al-A` raf He says a severe quake (Raj fah) came t o t hem. In Surat Ash-Shu` ara', He said it was a t orment of a cloudy day. They were one nat ion upon which all of t hese punishment s were gat hered on t he day of t heir dest ruct ion. In each cont ext , Allah only ment ioned t hat which was suit able. In Surat Al-A` raf when t hey said,

リ͡ョ マ ∠ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ょ ⊥ ∇Βバ∠ ゼ ⊥ ⇒Α マ ∠ レｚ ィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガレ⊥ ャ∠ぴ びべ∠レわ͡ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ (We shall cert ainly drive you out , O Shu` ayb, and t hose who have believed wit h you from our t own.)ぴ7:88び In t his verse it was suit able t o ment ion a t remor, or quake (Raj fah). The eart h in which t hey pract iced t heir wrongdoing and t hey want ed t o expel t heir Prophet from it , shook t hem. Here, due t o t heir disrespect ful manners in speaking t o t heir Prophet , Allah ment ioned t he awful cry (Sayhah) which overcame t hem and killed t hem. In Surat Ash-Shu` ara' when t hey said,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ヘ∠ジミ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇テボ͡ ∇シほ∠プ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや (So cause a piece of t he heaven t o fall on us, if you are of t he t rut hful!)ぴ26:187び Allah said in response,

ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ る͡ ヤｚヌ ぁ ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ び∃ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ (So t he t orment of t he day of Shadow seized t hem. Indeed t hat was t he t orment of a Great Day.)ぴ26:189び This is from t he int ricat e secret s and t o Allah belongs all praise and much bount y forever. Concerning t he st at ement ,

びべ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇や∇ヲレ∠ ∇ピΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ∠ほ∠ミぴ (As if t hey had never lived t here!) This means it was as if t hey had not lived in t heir homes before t hat .

び⊥キヲ⊥ヨを∠ ∇れギ∠ バ͡ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ リ ∠ Α∠ ∇ギヨ∠ ャあ や⇔ギ∇バよ⊥ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (So away wit h Madyan as j ust as Thamud went away!) They (Thamud) were t heir neighbors and t hey did not live far from t he homes of t he people of Madyan. They were similar in t heir disbelief and t heir highway robbery. They were also bot h Arabs.

ヴ∠ャま͡ - リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ヮ͡ ∇ΑΘ ͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ キ∠ ケ∠ ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ュ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ - ギ∃ Β͡セゲ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ∇ゎぺ⊥ヱ∠ - キ⊥ ヱ⊥ケ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや キ⊥ ∇ケヲ͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや び キ⊥ ヲ⊥プ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ ∇プあゲャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ∇バャ∠ (96. And indeed We sent Musa wit h Our Ayat and a manifest aut horit y.) (97. To Fir` awn and his chiefs, but t hey followed t he command of Fir` awn, and t he command of Fir` awn was no right guide.) (98. He will go ahead of his people on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and will lead t hem int o t he Fire, and evil indeed is t he place t o which t hey are led.) (99. They were pursued by a curse in t his (deceiving life of t his world) and (so t hey will be pursued by a curse) on t he Day of Resurrect ion, evil indeed is t he gift grant ed.)

The Story of Musa and Fir` awn In t hese verses Allah informs of His sending Musa wit h His signs and clear proofs t o Fir'awn, t he king of t he Copt ic people, and his chiefs.

び∠ラ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ ゅ∠プぴ (but t hey followed t he command of Fir` awn.) This means t hat t hey followed his pat h, way and met hodology in t ransgression.

び∃ギΒ͡セゲ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and t he command of Fir` awn was no right guide.) This means t here was no right guidance in it . It was only ignorance, misguidance, disbelief and st ubbornness. Just as t hey followed him in t his life and he was t heir leader and chief, likewise he will lead t hem t o t he Hellfire on t he Day of Resurrect ion. He will lead t hem direct ly t o it and t hey will drink from springs of dest ruct ion. Fir` awn will have a great share in t hat awful punishment . This is as Allah, t he Exalt ed, said,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡よヱ∠ や⇔グ∇カぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グカ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヴ∠ダバ∠ プ∠ ぴ (But Fir` awn disobeyed t he Messenger; so We seized him wit h a severe punishment .)ぴ73:16び Allah also said,

ン∠キゅ∠レプ∠ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠エ ∠ プ∠ - ヴ∠バ∇ジΑ∠ ゲ∠ よ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ヴ∠ダハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グｚ ム∠ プ∠ ぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ムル∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ロ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ - ヴ∠ヤ∇ハｘΙや ユ⊥ ム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ヴ∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ リ∠ヨャあ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇らバ͡ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ヴ∠ャ∇ヱΙ ｙ や∠ヱ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや び (But Fir` awn belied and disobeyed. Then he t urned his back, st riving (against Allah). Then he gat hered (his people) and cried aloud, Saying: "I am your lord, most high.'' So Allah, seized him wit h exemplary punishment for his last and first t ransgression. Verily, in t his is an inst ruct ive admonit ion for whosoever fears Allah.)ぴ79:21-26び Allah also said,

ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ キ∠ ケ∠ ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ュ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ぴ び キ⊥ ヱ⊥ケ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや キ⊥ ∇ケヲ͡ ∇ャや (He will go ahead of his people on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and will lead t hem int o t he Fire, and evil indeed is t he place t o which t hey are led.) This will be t he condit ion of t hose who were followed. They will have a great share of t he punishment on t he Day of Resurrect ion. This is as Allah says,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∀ブ∇バ͡ッ ｙモム⊥ ャ͡ぴ

(For each one t here is double (t orment ), but you know not .) ぴ7:38び Allah also says t hat t he disbelievers will say while t hey are in t he Hellfire,

ゅ∠ルヲぁヤッ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ へ∠ゲら∠ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ゎ∠キゅ∠シ ゅ∠レ∇バ∠デ∠ぺ べｚル͡ま べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ び͡ゆや∠グバ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βヘ∠ ∇バッ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ や∠￢ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇ΚΒ͡らジ ｚ ャや ("Our Lord! Verily, we obeyed our chiefs and our great ones, and t hey misled us from t he (right ) way. Our Lord! Give t hem double t orment .'') ぴ33:67-68び Concerning t he st at ement ,

び͡るヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ∇バャ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ∇ゎぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (They were pursued by a curse in t his (deceiving life of t his world) and (so t hey will be pursued by a curse) on t he Day of Resurrect ion. ) meaning, ` We have made t hem t o be followed by somet hing more t han t he punishment of t he Fire and t hat is t heir being cursed in t his life.'

び⊥キヲ⊥プ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ ∇プあゲャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and on t he Day of Resurrect ion, evil is t he gift grant ed.) Muj ahid said, "Anot her curse will be added t o t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion, so t hese are t wo curses.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

び⊥キヲ⊥プ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ ∇プあゲャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ぴ (evil indeed is t he gift grant ed.) "The curse of t his life and t he Hereaft er.'' Ad-Dahhak and Qat adah bot h said t he same t hing. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

Ι ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒Β͡ボ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ る⇔ ヨｚ も͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ∇バャ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ヴ͡プ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇バら∠ ∇ゎぺ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α びリ ∠ Β͡ェヲ⊥ら∇ボヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユワ⊥ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ャや (And We made t hem leaders invit ing t o t he Fire: and on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hey will not be helped. And We made a curse t o follow t hem in t his world, and on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hey will be among t he despised.)ぴ28:41-42び Allah also says,

ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ゼ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔∂ヱギ⊥ ビ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ッ∠ゲ∇バΑ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャやぴ びゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや

(The Fire, t hey are exposed t o it , morning and aft ernoon. And on t he Day when t he Hour will be est ablished (it will be said t o t he angels): "Cause Fir` awn's people t o ent er t he severest t orment !'')ぴ40:46び

∀ユ͡もべ∠ホ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁダボ⊥ ル∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ￢͡ べ∠ら∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ∀ギΒ͡ダ∠ェ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ わ∠ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ろレ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥キや∠コ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャｚ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ びょ ∃ Β͡ら∇わゎ∠ (100. That is some of t he news of t he (populat ion of) t owns which We relat e unt o you; of t hem, some are (st ill) st anding, and some have been (already) reaped.) (101. We wronged t hem not , but t hey wronged t hemselves. So t heir gods whom t hey call upon besides Allah, profit ed t hem naught when t here came t he command of your Lord, nor did t hey add aught t o t hem but dest ruct ion.)

The Lesson taken from the Destroyed Towns When Allah ment ioned t he st ory of t he Prophet s and what happened wit h t hem and t heir nat ions -- how He dest royed t he disbelievers and saved t he believers -- He goes on t o say,

びン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ￢͡ べ∠ら∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That is some of t he news of t he (populat ion of ) t owns) meaning, news of t hem

び∀ユも͡ べ∠ホ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁダボ⊥ ル∠ ぴ (which We relat e unt o you; of t hem, some are (st ill) st anding,) This means st ill remaining.

び∀ギΒ͡ダェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and some have been (already) reaped.) This means t ot ally dest royed.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (We wronged t hem not ,) This means, "When We dest royed t hem.''

び∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but t hey wronged t hemselves.) t heir rej ect ing t heir Messengers and disbelieving in t hem.

び⊥ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ろレ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (So t heir gods, profit ed t hem ぴnot び...) This is referring t o t heir idols t hat t hey used t o worship and invoke.

び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョぴ (ot her t han Allah naught ) t he idols did not benefit t hem, nor did t hey save t hem when Allah's com- mand came for t heir dest ruct ion.

び∃ょΒ͡ら∇わゎ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥キや∠コ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (nor did t hey add aught t o t hem but dest ruct ion.) Muj ahid, Qat adah and ot hers said, "This means loss. Because t he reason for t heir dest ruct ion and t heir ruin was t hat t hey followed t hose false gods. Therefore, t hey were losers in t his life and t he Hereaft er.''

ラ ｚ ま͡ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ニ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ グ⊥ ∇カぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠セ ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ロ⊥ グ∠ ∇カぺ∠ (102. Such is t he punishment of your Lord when He seizes t he (populat ion of) t owns while t hey are doing wrong. Verily, His punishment is painful (and) severe.) It is as t hough Allah is saying, "Just as We have dest royed t hese wicked generat ions who rej ect ed t heir Messengers, We will do t he same t o any who are like t hem.''

び∀ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ロ⊥ グ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, His punishment is painful (and) severe.) In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Abu Musa said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ヮ∇わヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ロ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ユ͡ ャ͡ゅｚヌヤ͡ャ ヶ͡ヤ∇ヨΒ⊥ ャ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» (Verily, Allah gives respit e t o a wrongdoer unt il He seizes him and he cannot escape.) Then t he Messenger of Allah recit ed,

び∀るヨ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ニ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ グ⊥ ∇カぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ

(Such is t he punishment of your Lord when He seizes t he t owns while t hey are doing wrong. )

マ ∠ ャ͡ク り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ フ ∠ ゅ∠カ ∇リヨ∠ ャあ る⇔ Α∠ Γ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ - キ∀ ヲ⊥ヰ∇ゼョｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∀ネヲ⊥ヨ∇イョｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ユ⊥ ヤｚム∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ∃キヱ⊥ギ∇バョｚ モ ∃ィ ∠Ι ６ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ あカぽ∠ ル⊥ び ∀ギΒ͡バシ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ｘ ボ͡ セ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ (103. Indeed in t hat (t here) is a sure lesson for t hose who fear t he t orment of t he Hereaft er. That is a Day whereon mankind will be gat hered t oget her, and t hat is a Day when all will be present .) (104. And We delay it only for a t erm (already) fixed.) (105. On t he Day when it comes, no person shall speak except by His (Allah's) leave. Some among t hem will be wret ched and (ot hers) blessed.)

The Destruction of the Towns is a Proof of the Establishment of the Hour (Judgement) Allah, t he Exalt ed, is saying t hat in t he dest ruct ion of t he disbelievers and t he salvat ion of t he believers by us is,

び⇔るΑ∠ Γぴ (a sure lesson). This means an admonit ion and lesson concerning t he t rut hfulness of t hat which We are promised in t he Hereaft er.

り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠レャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ び ギ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇セΙ ｘ や ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや .(Verily, We will indeed make vict orious Our Messengers and t hose who believe in t his world's life and on t he Day when t he wit nesses will st and fort h.)ぴ40:51び Allah, t he Exalt ed, also says,

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや リ ｚ ム∠ ヤ͡∇ヰレ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So t heir Lord revealed t o t hem: "Truly, We shall dest roy t he wrongdoers.) ぴ14:13び Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥サゅｚレャや ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∀ネヲ⊥ヨ∇イョｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ

(That is a Day whereon mankind will be gat hered t oget her,) This means t he first of t hem and t he last of t hem. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔やギ∠ェぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ケ͡キゅ∠ピル⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲ∠ゼ∠ェ∠ヱぴ (And We shall gat her t hem all t oget her so as t o leave not one of t hem behind.) ぴ18: 47び

び∀キヲ⊥ヰ∇ゼョｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat is a Day when all will be present .) This means a day t hat is great . The angels will be present , t he Messengers will gat her and all of t he creat ion will be gat hered wit h t heir families. The humans, Jinns, birds, wild beast s and domest icat ed riding animals will all be gat hered. Then t he Most Just , Who does not wrong anyone even an at om's weight , will j udge bet ween t hem and He will increase t heir good deeds in reward. Concerning t he st at ement ,

び ∃キヱ⊥ギ∇バョｚ モ ∃ィ ∠Ι ６ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ あカぽ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We delay it only for a t erm (already) fixed.) This means for a fixed period of t ime t han cannot be increased or decreased. Then He says,

び͡ヮル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ユ⊥ ヤｚム∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day when it comes, no person shall speak except by His (Allah's) leave.) This means t hat on t he Day of Judgement no one will speak except wit h t he permission of Allah. This is similar t o anot her verse, which says,

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤｚ∠ム∠わ∠Α Ι ｚぴ び⇔ゅよや∠ヲタ ∠ (t hey will not speak except him whom t he Most Gracious (Allah) allows, and he will speak what is right .) ぴ78:38び Allah also says,

び͡リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ れ ⊥ や∠ヲ∇タΕ ∠ やろ ͡ バ∠ ゼ ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And all t he voices will be humbled for t he Most Gracious (Allah). ) ぴ20:108び In t he Hadit h about t he int ercession, which is recorded in t he Two Sahihs, t he Messenger of Allah said,

モ ͡シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ン∠ヲ∇ハキ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥モシ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ゅｚャま͡ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ユ⊥ ヤｚム∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ » «ユあヤシ ∠ ∇ユヤあシ ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠

(No one will speak on t hat day except t he Messengers, and t he call of t he Messengers will be, "O Allah, save us, save us.'') Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ギΒ͡バシ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ｘ ボ͡ セ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ぴ (Some among t hem will be wret ched and (ot hers) blessed.) This means t hat from t he people of t he gat hering (on Judgement Day), some will be miserable and some will be happy. This is as Allah said,

び͡ゲΒ͡バジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ∠ヱ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プぴ (When a part y will be in Paradise and a part y in t he blazing Fire) ぴ42:7び Al-Hafiz Abu Ya` la recorded in his Musnad on t he aut horit y of Ibn ` Umar t hat ` Umar said, "When t his verse was revealed,

び∀ギΒ͡バシ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ｘ ボ͡ セ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ぴ (Some among t hem will be wret ched and (ot hers) blessed.) I asked t he Prophet , ` O Messenger of Allah, will t here be a sign for us t o know (which part y we are from) Will it be because of somet hing t hat a person did, or somet hing t hat he did not do' He said,

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇れゲ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ハ ⊥ ゅ∠Α ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ パ ∠ ゲ͡ プ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠» «ヮ∠ャ ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∀ゲジ ｚ ∠Βョ⊥ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ュゅ∠ヤ∇ホほ∠∇ャや (O ` Umar, it will be due t o somet hing t hat he did and t he pens wrot e it down. But every easy deed was creat ed for it s purpose (t o be carried out ).) Then Allah explains t he sit uat ion of t he wret ched people and t he happy people. He, t he Exalt ed, says,

∀ゲΒ͡プ∠コ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡ヘプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボセ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅョｚ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ろ ͡ ョ∠ や∠キ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ - ∀ペΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ∀メゅｚバ∠プ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ び ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ (106. As for t hose who are wret ched, t hey will be in t he Fire, in it t hey will experience Zafir and Shahiq.) (107. They will dwell t herein for all t he t ime t hat t he heavens and t he eart h endure, except as your Lord wills. Verily, your Lord is t he doer of what soever He int ends (or wills).

The Condition of the Wretched People and their Destination Allah, t he Exalt ed, says,

び∀ペΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡プ∠コ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (in it t hey will experience Zafir and Shahiq.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "Az-Zafir is a sound in t he t hroat and Ash-Shahiq is a sound in t he chest . This means t hat t heir exhaling will be Zafir and t heir inhaling will Shahiq.'' This will be due t o t he t orment t hat t hey will be experiencing. We seek refuge wit h Allah from such evil.

び⊥チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ろ ͡ ョ∠ や∠キ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カぴ (They will dwell t herein for all t he t ime t hat t he heavens and t he eart h endure,) Imam Abu Ja` far bin Jarir said, "It was from t he cust oms of t he Arabs t hat when t hey want ed t o describe somet hing t hat would last forever, t hey would say, ` This is as enduring as t he heavens and t he eart h.' Or, ` It will last as unt il t he night and day separat e.' They would say, ` As long as t alkers at night cont inue t o chat .' They meant by t hese st at ement s t he condit ion of et ernit y. Therefore, Allah addressed t hem in a manner t hat t hey were familiar wit h among t hemselves. Thus, He said,

び⊥チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ろ ͡ ョ∠ や∠キ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カぴ (They will dwell t herein for all t he t ime t hat t he heavens and t he eart h endure,) The lit eral meaning is also int ended wit h; "for all t he t ime t hat t he heavens and t he eart h endure.'' This is due t o t he fact t hat t here will be heavens and eart h in t he life of t he next world, j ust as Allah said,

び⊥れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやメ ⊥ ｚギら∠ ゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day when t he eart h will be changed t o anot her eart h and so will be t he heavens.) ぴ14:48び For t his reason, Al-Hasan Al-Basri said concerning t he st at ement of Allah,

び⊥チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ろ ͡ ョ∠ や∠キ ゅ∠ョぴ (t he heavens and t he eart h endure.) "Allah is referring t o a heaven ot her t han t his heaven (which we see now) and an eart h ot her t han t his eart h. That (new) heaven and eart h will be et ernal.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨャあ ∀メゅｚバ∠プ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except as your Lord wills. Verily, your Lord is t he doer of what soever He int ends.) This is similar t o His st at ement ,

ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ヲ∇んョ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャやぴ び∀ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ (The Fire be your dwelling place, you will dwell t herein forever, except as Allah may will. Cert ainly your Lord is All-Wise, All-Knowing.) ぴ6:128び It has been said t hat t he except ion ment ioned in t his verse refers t o t he disobedient among t he people of Tawhid. It is t hese whom Allah will bring out of t he Fire by t he int ercession of t he int erceders. Those who will be allowed t o int ercede are t he angels, t he Prophet s and t he believers. They will int ercede even on behalf of t hose who commit t ed maj or sins. Then, t he generous mercy of Allah will remove from t he Fire t hose who have never done any good, except for saying La ilaha illallah one day of t heir life. This has been ment ioned in numerous aut hent ic report s from t he Messenger of Allah , including narrat ions from Anas bin Malik, Jabir bin ` Abdullah, Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri, Abu Hurayrah and ot her Companions. No one remains in t he Fire aft er t his final int ercession, except t hose who will remain t here forever wit hout escape. This is t he opinion held by many of t he scholars, bot h past and present , concerning t he explanat ion of t his verse.

ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡ヘプ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ͡バシ ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ろ ͡ ョ∠ や∠キ び ク∃ ヱ⊥グ∇イョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠トハ ∠ (108. And t hose who are blessed, t hey will be in Paradise, abiding t herein for all t he t ime t hat t he heavens and t he eart h endure, except as your Lord wills: a gift wit hout an end.)

The Condition of the Happy People and their Destination Allah, t he Exalt ed, says,

び∇やヱ⊥ギバ͡ シ ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hose who are blessed.) These are t he followers of t he Messengers.

び͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡ヘプ∠ ぴ (t hey will be in Paradise,) This means t hat t heir final abode will be Paradise.

びべ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カぴ (abiding t herein for all t he t ime) This means t hat t hey will remain t here forever.

び∠マよぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ろ ͡ ョ∠ や∠キ ゅ∠ョぴ (t hat t he heavens and t he eart h endure, except as your Lord wills:) The meaning of t he except ion t hat is made here is t hat t he condit ion of et ernal pleasure t hat t hey will experience t herein is somet hing t hat is not mandat ory by it self. Rat her, it is somet hing t hat is dependent upon t he will of Allah. Unt o Him belongs t he favor of immort alit y upon t hem. For t his reason t hey are inspired t o glorify and praise Him, j ust as t hey are inspired t o breat he. Ad-Dahhak and Al-Hasan Al-Basri bot h said, "It is about t he right of t he disobedient people of Tawhid who were in t he Fire and t hen brought out of it .'' Then Allah finished t his st at ement by saying,

び∃クヱ⊥グ∇イョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠トハ ∠ぴ (a gift wit hout an end.) This means t hat it will never be cut off. This has been ment ioned by Muj ahid, Ibn ` Abbas, Abu Al-` Aliyah and ot hers. This has been ment ioned so t hat t he suspicious person will not doubt aft er t he ment ion of t he will of Allah. Someone may t hink t hat t he ment ion of Allah's will here means t hat t he pleasure of Paradise may end or change. To t he cont rary, it has been decreed t hat t his pleasure will t ruly be forever and will never end. Likewise, Allah has clarified here t hat t he et ernal t orment of t he people of t he Fire in Hell also is due t o His will. He explains t hat He punishes t hem due t o His j ust ness and wisdom. This is why He says,

び⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨャあ ∀メゅｚバ∠プ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, your Lord is t he doer of what soever He int ends.) Similarly, Allah says,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ メ ⊥ ほ∠∇ジΑ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (He cannot be quest ioned as t o what He does, while t hey will be quest ioned.)ぴ21:23び Here, Allah soot hes t he heart s and affirms t he int ent , by His saying,

び∃クヱ⊥グ∇イョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠トハ ∠ぴ (a gift wit hout an end.) It has been recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ウ ⊥ よ∠ ∇グΒ⊥ プ∠ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇ョぺ∠ ズ ∃ ∇らミ∠ り͡ ケ∠ ヲ⊥タ ヶ͡プ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ゎぽ⊥Α» ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∀キヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ユｚ を⊥ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや∠ヱ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや «れ∇ヲョ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∀キヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠Α∠ヱ ∩∠れ∇ヲョ∠ (Deat h will be brought in t he form of a handsome ram (on t he Day of Judgement ) and it will be slaught ered bet ween Paradise and t he Hellfire. Then, it will be said, "O people of Paradise!

Et ernit y and no deat h! O people of Hellfire! Et ernit y and no deat h!'') In t he Sahih it is recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ヤプ∠ やヲ⊥ゼΒ͡バゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ » ∩や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ やヲ⊥ョゲ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ やヲぁらゼ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ やヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ やヲ⊥ヨボ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ やヲぁエダ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ «や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ やヲ⊥シほ∠∇らゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ やヲ⊥ヨバ∠ ∇レゎ∠ (It will be said, ` O people of Paradise, verily you will live and you will never die. You will remain young and you will never grow old. You will remain healt hy and you will never become ill. You will be happy and you will never grieve.)

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅｚヨョあ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲョ͡ ヴ͡プ マ ⊥ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲぁプヲ∠ ヨ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ワぼゅ∠よや∠￢ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠ミ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ∃ソヲ⊥ボレ∠ョ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら∠ Β͡ダル∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ∇ろボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ブ ∠ ヤ͡わ⊥ ∇カゅ∠プ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ょ ∃ Α͡ゲョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ マ ｙセ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ボ⊥ ャ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∠ャゅ∠ヨ∇ハ∠ぺ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Β∠ プあ ヲ∠ Β⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚヨャｚ Κ ６ ⇒⊥ミ び ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ (109. So be not in doubt as t o what t hese people (pagans and polyt heist s) worship. They worship not hing but what t heir fat hers worshipped before (t hem). And verily, We shall repay t hem in full t heir port ion wit hout diminut ion.) (110. Indeed, We gave t he Book t o Musa, but differences arose t herein, and had it not been for a Word t hat had gone fort h before from your Lord, t he case would have been j udged bet ween t hem, and indeed t hey are in grave doubt concerning it (t his Qur'an).) (111. And verily, t o each of t hem your Lord will repay t heir works in full. Surely, He is All-Aware of what t hey do.)

Associating Partners with Allah is no doubt Misguidance Allah, t he Exalt ed, says,

び͡￢Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅｚヨョあ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲョ͡ ヴ͡プ マ ⊥ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So be not in doubt as t o what t hese people worship.) This refers t o t he polyt heist s. Verily, what t hey are doing is falsehood, ignorance and misguidance. Verily, t hey are only worshipping what t heir fat hers worshipped before. This means t hat t hey have no support for t heir Shirk. They are only mimicking t heir fat hers in ignorance. Therefore, Allah will give t hem due recompense for t hat and He will punish t hem wit h a punishment t he likes of which none can give besides Him. If t hey did any good deeds, t hen Allah will reward t hem for t hose good works in t his life, before t he life of t he Hereaft er. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∃ソヲ⊥ボレ∠ョ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら∠ Β͡ダル∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲぁプヲ∠ ヨ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, We shall repay t hem in full t heir port ion wit hout diminut ion.) ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, "We will pay t hem in full t heir port ion of punishment wit hout diminut ion.'' Then, Allah ment ions t hat He gave Musa t he Book, but t he people differed concerning it . Some believed in it and some disbelieved in it . Therefore, you, Muhammad, have an example in t he Prophet s who came before you. So do not grieve or be upset by t heir denial of you.

び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヶ ∠ツ ͡ ボ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ∇ろボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and had it not been for a Word ぴKalimahび t hat had gone fort h before from your Lord, t he case would have been j udged bet ween t hem,) Ibn Jarir said, "If it were not t hat t he punishment had already been delayed unt il an appoint ed t ime, t hen Allah would have decided t he mat t er bet ween you now. The word Kalimah carries t he meaning t hat Allah will not punish anyone unt il t he proof has been est ablished against him and a Messenger has been sent t o him.'' This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔Ιヲ⊥シケ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らル∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡よグあ バ∠ ョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We never punish unt il We have sent a Messenger (t o give warning).) ぴ17:15び For verily, Allah says in anot her verse,

モ ∀ィ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ョや∠ゴャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムャ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ∇ろボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅプ∠ ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ G(And had it not been for a Word t hat went fort h before from your Lord, and a t erm det ermined, (t heir punishment ) must necessarily have come (in t his world). So bear pat ient ly what t hey say.)ぴ20:129-130び Then, Allah informs t hat He will gat her t he early generat ions and t he lat er generat ions from all of t he nat ions. He will t hen reward t hem based upon t heir deeds. If t hey did good deeds, t heir reward will be good, and if t hey did evil deeds, t heir reward will be bad. Allah says,

ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∠ャゅ∠ヨ∇ハ∠ぺ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Β∠ プあ ヲ∠ Β⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚヨャｚ Κ ６ ⇒⊥ミ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α (And verily, t o each of t hem your Lord will repay t heir works in full. Surely, He is All-Aware of what t hey do.) This means t hat He is All-Knower of all of t heir deeds. This includes t heir honorable deeds and t heir despicable deeds, t heir small deeds and t heir great deeds. There are many different modes of recit at ion for t his verse, yet all of t heir meanings agree wit h what we have ment ioned. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲツ ∠ ∇エョ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Α∠ギャｚ ∀ノΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゅｚヨャｚ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And surely, all - everyone of t hem will be brought before Us.)ぴ36:32び

∇や∇ヲピ∠ ∇トゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ バ∠ ョ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ リ∠ョヱ∠ れ ∠ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ べ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユボ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ リ ∠ Αグ͡ ャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レミ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ジ ｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥ゎ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ (112. So st and (ask Allah t o make) you firm and st raight as you are commanded and t hose who t urn in repent ance wit h you, and t ransgress not . Verily, He is All-Seer of what you do.) (113. And incline not t oward t hose who do wrong, lest t he Fire should t ouch you, and you have no prot ect ors ot her t han Allah, nor would you t hen be helped.)

The Command to Stand Firm and Straight Allah, t he Exalt ed, commands His Messenger and His believing servant s t o be firm and t o always be upright . This is of t he great est aid for gaining vict ory over t he enemy and confront ing t he opposit ion. Allah also forbids t ransgression, which is t o exceed t he bounds (of what is allowed). Verily, t ransgression causes dest ruct ion t o it s pract it ioner, even if t he t ransgression was direct ed against a polyt heist . Then, Allah informs t hat He is All-Seer of t he act ions of His servant s. He is not unaware of anyt hing and not hing is hidden from Him. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レミ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And incline not t oward t hose who do wrong,) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Do not compromise wit h t hem.'' Ibn Jarir said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Do not side wit h t hose who do wrong.'' This is a good st at ement . This means, "Do not seek assist ance from wrongdoers, because it will be as if you are condoning t heir act ions (of evil).''

￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ジ ｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥ゎ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ (lest t he Fire should t ouch you, and you have no prot ect ors ot her t han Allah, nor you would t hen be helped.) This means t hat you will not have besides Allah any friend who can save you, nor any helper who can remove you from His t orment .

ラ ｚ ま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ヘ∠ャコ⊥ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ヴ ͡ プ∠ ゲ∠ デ ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ͡ ホ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ -リ ∠ Α͡ゲミ͡ グ∠ ヤ͡ャ ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ろ ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ ⇒ｚジャや リ ∠ ∇らワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡ツΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タや∠ヱ (114. And perform t he Salah, at t he t wo ends of t he day and in some hours of t he night . Verily, t he good deeds remove t he evil deeds. That is a reminder for t he mindful.) (115. And be pat ient ; verily, Allah wast es not t he reward of t he doers of good.)

The Command to establish the Prayer Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

び͡ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ヴ ͡ プ∠ ゲ∠ デ ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ͡ ホ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And perform t he Salah, at t he t wo ends of t he day) "This is referring t o t he morning prayer (Subh) and t he evening prayer (Maghrib).'' The same was said by Al-Hasan and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam. In one narrat ion report ed by Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak and ot hers, Al-Hasan said, "It means t he morning prayer (Subh) and t he lat e aft ernoon prayer (` Asr).'' Muj ahid said, "It is t he morning prayer at t he beginning of t he day and t he noon prayer (Zuhr) and lat e aft ernoon prayer (` Asr) at t he end of t he day.'' This was also said by Muhammad bin Ka` b AlQurazi and Ad-Dahhak in one narrat ion from him.

び͡モ∇Βャｚや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ヘ∠ャコ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and in some hours of t he night .) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan and ot hers said, "This means t he night prayer (` Isha').'' Ibn Al-Mubarak report ed from Mubarak bin Fadalah t hat Al-Hasan said,

び͡モ∇Βャｚや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ヘ∠ャコ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and in some hours of t he night .) "This means t he evening (Maghrib) and lat e night (` Isha') prayers. The Messenger of Allah said,

«￢ゅ∠ゼバ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや :モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャや ゅ∠ヘャ∠コ⊥ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ » (They are t he approach of t he night : Maghrib and ` Isha'.) The same was said by Muj ahid, Muhammad bin Ka` b, Qat adah and Ad-Dahhak (t hat t his means t he Maghrib and ` Isha' prayers). It should be not ed t hat t his verse was revealed before t he five daily prayers were made obligat ory during t he night of Isra' (t he Prophet 's night j ourney t o Jerusalem). At t hat t ime t here were only t wo obligat ory prayers: a prayer before sunrise and a prayer before sunset . During t he lat e night anot her prayer (Tahaj j ud) was also made obligat ory upon t he Prophet and his nat ion. Lat er, t his obligat ion was abrogat ed for his nat ion and remained obligat ory upon him . Finally, t his obligat ion was abrogat ed for t he Prophet as well, according t o one opinion. Allah knows best .

The Good Deeds wipe away the Evil Deeds Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ろ⇒∠ゃΒあ ⇒ｚジャや リ ∠ ∇らワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he good deeds remove t he evil deeds.) This is saying t hat t he performance of good deeds is an expiat ion of previous sins. This has been ment ioned in a Hadit h recorded by Imam Ahmad and t he Sunan Compilers, t hat t he Commander of t he fait hful, ` Ali bin Abi Talib, said, "Whenever I used t o hear a narrat ion from t he Messenger of Allah (), Allah would cause me t o benefit by it however He willed. If anyone informed me of any st at ement t hat he said, I would make him swear (by Allah) t hat t he Prophet said it . If he swore by Allah, t hen I would believe him. Abu Bakr once t old me -- and Abu Bakr was t rut hful -- t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

ヶあヤダ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ほ⊥ッ ｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ ょ ⊥ ル͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ユ∃ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» «ヮ∠ャ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ビ ⊥ ゅｚャま͡ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ バ∠ ∇ミケ∠ (There is not any Muslim who commit s a sin, t hen he makes Wudu' and prays t wo unit s of prayer, except t hat he will be forgiven (t hat sin).) In t he Two Sahihs it is recorded t hat t he Commander of t he fait hful, ` Ut hman bin ` Affan made Wudu' for t he people (t o see), j ust like t he Wudu' of t he Messenger of Allah . Then he said, "I saw t he Messenger of Allah make Wudu' like t his, and he said,

ゅ∠ャ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ バ∠ ∇ミケ∠ ヴｚヤタ ∠ ｚユを⊥ や∠グワ∠ ヶ͡もヲ⊥ッヱ⊥ ほ∠ッ ｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ヮ͡ら∇ルク∠ ∇リョ͡ ュｚギボ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ビ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プ ゐ ⊥ あギエ ∠ Α⊥ (Whoever makes Wudu' like t his Wudu' of mine, t hen he prays t wo unit s of prayer in which he does not speak t o himself, he will be forgiven for his previous sins.) In t he Sahih it is recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

モ ⊥ジ ͡ わ∠ ∇ピΑ∠ ∩や⇔ゲ∇ヨビ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ヰル∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠らよ͡ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠» ヮ͡ ル͡ ケ∠ キ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヶ͡ボ∇らΑ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ∩∃れやｚゲョ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ヨカ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ «∨ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ (Do you t hink t hat if t here was a flowing river at t he door of anyone of you and he bat hed in it five t imes every day, would t here be any dirt left on him) They said, "No, O Messenger of Allah!'' He () said;

ゆ ∠ ヲル⊥ ぁグャや リ ｚ ヰ͡ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ヲ⊥エ∇ヨΑ∠ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや れ ⊥ や∠ヲヤ∠ダ ｚ ャや マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ » «ゅ∠Αゅ∠トガ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (This is like t he five daily prayers, for Allah uses t hem t o wipe away t he sins and wrongdoings.) Muslim recorded in his Sahih t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o say,

∩͡るバ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ヴャ∠ま͡ る⊥ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥ザ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや れ ⊥ や∠ヲヤ∠ダ ｚ ャや» ゅ∠ョ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∀れや∠ゲヘあ ム∠ ョ⊥ ∩∠ラゅ∠ツョ∠ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ツョ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ «ゲ͡もゅ∠らム∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ら∠ レ͡ わ⊥ ∇ィや (The five daily prayers, Jumu` ah (Friday prayer) t o Jumu` ah and (t he fast of) Ramadan t o Ramadan are expiat ions for what ever sins were commit t ed bet ween t hem, as long as you st ay away from t he maj or sins.) Al-Bukhari recorded Ibn Mas` ud saying t hat a man kissed a woman (who was not his relat ive or wife). He t hen came t o t he Prophet and informed him about t he incident . Thus, Allah revealed,

ラ ｚ ま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ヘ∠ャコ⊥ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ヴ ͡ プ∠ ゲ∠ デ ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ͡ ホ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ろ⇒∠ゃΒあ ⇒ｚジャや リ ∠ ∇らワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや (And perform Salah, at t he t wo ends of t he day and in some hours of t he night . Verily, t he good deeds remove t he evil deeds.)ぴ11:114び The man t hen said, "O Messenger of Allah, is t his only for me'' The Prophet replied,

«ユ͡ヰヤあミ⊥ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ノ͡ Β͡ヨイ ∠ ャ͡» (This is for all of my (Ummah) followers.) Al-Bukhari recorded t his narrat ion in t he Book of Prayer as well and t he Book of Tafsir. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat a man

came t o ` Umar and said t hat a woman came t o do business wit h him. During t he course of t heir business, he t ook her int o his place and did everyt hing wit h her except t he act ual act of sexual int ercourse. ` Umar said, "Woe unt o you! She probably was a woman whose husband is away (fight ing) in t he pat h of Allah.'' The man said, "Of course she was.'' ` Umar t hen said, "Go t o Abu Bakr and ask him about t his.'' The man went t o Abu Bakr and asked him about t he mat t er. Abu Bakr said, "She probably was a woman whose husband is away (fight ing) in t he pat h of Allah,'' j ust as ` Umar had said. Then he went t o t he Prophet and t old him t he same st ory. The Prophet said,

«ぶや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ∀るら∠ Β͡ピョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヤｚバ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ » (She probably was a woman whose husband is away (fight ing) in t he pat h of Allah.) Then a verse of Qur'an was revealed,

ラ ｚ ま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ヘ∠ャコ⊥ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ヴ ͡ プ∠ ゲ∠ デ ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ͡ ホ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ろ⇒∠ゃΒあ ⇒ｚジャや リ ∠ ∇らワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや (And perform t he Salah, at t he t wo ends of t he day and in some hours of t he night . Verily, t he good deeds remove t he evil deeds.) The man t hen said, "O Messenger of Allah! Is t his verse only for me, or does it apply t o all of t he people in general'' ` Umar t hen st ruck t he man on his chest wit h his hand and said, "No, rat her it is for all of t he people in general.'' Then t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ゲ∠ヨハ ⊥ ベ ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ » (` Umar has spoken t he t rut h.)

る∃ Βｚ ボ͡ よ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ∇リヨｚ ョあ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ キ͡ ゅ∠ジヘ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇ゎぺ⊥ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βイ ∠ ル∠ぺ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰΒ⊥ ャ͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ダョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤヌ ⊥ よ͡ (116. If only t here had been among t he generat ions before you persons having wisdom, prohibit ing (ot hers) from Fasad (corrupt ion) in t he eart h, except a few of t hose whom We saved from among t hem! Those who did wrong pursued t he enj oyment of good t hings of (t his worldly) life, and were criminals.) (117. And your Lord would never dest roy t he t owns wrongfully, while t heir people were doers of good.)

There must be a Group of People Who forbid Lewdness Allah, t he Exalt ed, says t hat t here should have been a group of wise people present among t he past generat ions who called t o good and forbade t he evil and corrupt ion t hat t ook place among t hem in t he land. His st at ement ,

び⇔ΚΒ͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except a few) This means t hat t here were only a small number of people present among t hem who were of t his caliber. They were t hose whom Allah saved at t he sudden st riking of His vengeance, when His anger was let lose. For t his reason Allah commanded t his noble Ummah (followers of Muhammad ) t o always have among t hem t hose who command t he good and forbid t he evil. This is as Allah says,

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ リ⊥ム∠わ∇ャ∠ヱぴ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Let t here arise out of you a group of people invit ing t o all t hat is good, enj oining right eousness and forbidding evil. And it is t hey who are t he successful.)ぴ3:104び It is relat ed in a Hadit h t hat t he Prophet said,

∇ラぺ∠ マ ∠セ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲΒあ ピ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ゲ∠ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや や⊥ヱぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ｚ ま͡» «ゆゅ∠ボバ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚヨバ⊥ Α∠ (Verily, whenever a group of people see an evil and t hey do not change it , it is likely t hat Allah will cover t hem wit h (His) punishment .) Thus, Allah says,

る∃ Βｚ ボ͡ よ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ∇リヨｚ ョあ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ キ͡ ゅ∠ジヘ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レΑ∠ び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βイ ∠ ル∠ぺ (If only t here had been among t he generat ions before you persons having wisdom, There must be a Group of People Who forbid Lewdness Allah, t he Exalt ed, says t hat t here should have been a group of wise people present among t he past generat ions who called t o good and forbade t he evil and corrupt ion t hat t ook place among t hem in t he land. His st at ement ,

び⇔ΚΒ͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except a few) This means t hat t here were only a small number of people present among t hem who were of t his caliber. They were t hose whom Allah saved at t he sudden st riking of His vengeance, when His anger was let lose. For t his reason Allah commanded t his noble Ummah (followers of Muhammad ) t o always have among t hem t hose who command t he good and forbid t he evil. This is as Allah says,

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ リ⊥ム∠わ∇ャ∠ヱぴ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Let t here arise out of you a group of people invit ing t o all t hat is good, enj oining right eousness and forbidding evil. And it is t hey who are t he successful.)ぴ3:104び It is relat ed in a Hadit h t hat t he Prophet said,

∇ラぺ∠ マ ∠セ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲΒあ ピ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ゲ∠ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや や⊥ヱぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ｚ ま͡» «ゆゅ∠ボバ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚヨバ⊥ Α∠ (Verily, whenever a group of people see an evil and t hey do not change it , it is likely t hat Allah will cover t hem wit h (His) punishment .) Thus, Allah says,

る∃ Βｚ ボ͡ よ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ∇リヨｚ ョあ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ キ͡ ゅ∠ジヘ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レΑ∠ び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βイ ∠ ル∠ぺ (If only t here had been among t he generat ions before you persons having wisdom, prohibit ing (ot hers) from t he Fasad in t he eart h,- except a few of t hose whom We saved from among t hem!) Concerning t he st at ement ,

び͡ヮΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇ゎぺ⊥ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (Those who did wrong pursued t he enj oyment of good t hings of (t his worldly) life,) This means t hat t hey cont inued in t heir ways of disobedience and evils and t hey did not heed t he prot est ing of t hose right eous people, unt il t he t orment suddenly seized t hem.

び∠リΒ͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and were criminals.) Then, Allah informs t hat he does not dest roy any t own, except t hat it has wronged it self. No correct ional punishment or t orment comes t o any t own, except t hat it s people were wrongdoers. This is as Allah says, s

び∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (We wronged t hem not , but t hey wronged t hemselves.) ぴ11:101び Allah also says,

び͡ギΒ͡らバ∠ ∇ヤャあ ユ∃ ⇒ｚヤヌ ∠ よ͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And your Lord is not at all unj ust t o (His) servant s.) ぴ41:46び

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや モ ∠ バ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガョ⊥ ∠ラヲ⊥ャや∠ゴ∠Α る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろヨｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ͡ャヱ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ユ∠ ェ ͡ ケｚ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ る͡ レｚ イ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚΚ ∂ ∇ョΙ ∂ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ (118. And if your Lord had so willed, He could surely have made mankind one Ummah, but t hey will not cease t o disagree.) (119. Except him on whom your Lord has best owed His mercy, and for t hat did He creat e t hem. And t he Word of your Lord has been fulfilled (His saying): "Surely, I shall fill Hell wit h Jinn and men all t oget her.'')

Allah has not made Faith universally accepted Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs t hat He is able t o make all of mankind one nat ion upon belief, or disbelief. This is j ust as He said,

∇ユヰ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ リ ∠ ョ∠ Γ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ (And had your Lord willed, t hose on eart h would have believed, all of t hem t oget her.) ぴ10:99び Allah goes on t o say,

び∠マよぁ ケ∠ ユ∠ ェ ͡ ケｚ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ み͡レ∠ Β͡ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガョ⊥ ∠ラヲ⊥ャや∠ゴ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (but t hey will not cease t o disagree. Except him on whom your Lord has best owed His mercy,) This means t hat people will always differ in religions, creeds, beliefs, opinions and sect s. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∠マよぁ ケ∠ ユ∠ ェ ͡ ケｚ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except him on whom your Lord has best owed His mercy,) This means t hat t hose who have received t he mercy of Allah by following t he Messengers are excluded from t his. They are t hose who adhere t o what t hey are commanded in t he religion by t he Messengers of Allah. That has always been t heir charact erist ic unt il t he coming of t he finalit y of t he Prophet s and Messengers (Muhammad ). Those who received Allah's mercy are t hose who followed him, believed in him and support ed him. Therefore, t hey succeeded by achieving happiness in t his life and t he Hereaft er. They are t he Saved Sect ment ioned in t he Hadit h recorded in t he Musnad and Sunan collect ions of Hadit h. The rout es of t ransmission of t his Hadit h all st rengt hen each ot her (in aut hent icit y). In t hese narrat ions t he Prophet said,

∩⇔るホ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ギ∇ェま͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ろホ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇プや キ∠ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ∇をや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ろホ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇プや ン∠ケゅ∠ダレｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ヱ∠ ゐ ∃ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る⊥ ｚョほ⊥∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ベ ⊥ ゲ͡ わ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⇔るホ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ «り∠ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ る⇔ ホ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰヤぁミ⊥ ∩⇔るホ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ (Verily, t he Jews split int o sevent y-one sect s, and t he Christ ians split int o sevent y-t wo sect s, and t his nat ion (of Muslims) will split int o sevent y-t hree sect s. All of t hem will be in t he Fire except one sect .) They (t he Companions) said, "Who are t hey (t he Saved Sect ) O Messenger of Allah'' He said,

«ヶ͡よゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ョ» (The sect t hat is upon what my Companions and I are upon.) Al-Hakim recorded t his narrat ion in his Must adrak wit h t his addit ional wording. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

る͡ レｚイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚΚ ∂ ∇ョΙ ∂ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろヨｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∠リΒ͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ (And t he Word of your Lord has been fulfilled (His saying): "Surely, I shall fill Hell wit h Jinn and men all t oget her.'') Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs t hat He precedes everyt hing in His preordainment and decree, by His perfect knowledge and penet rat ing wisdom. The result of

t his decree is t hat from t hose whom He has creat ed, some deserve t he Paradise and some deserve t he Hell Fire. From t his decree is t hat He will fill t he Hellfire wit h bot h mankind and Jinns. His is t he profound evidence and t he perfect wisdom. In t he Two Sahihs it is recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ャ ヶ͡ャ ゅ∠ョ :る⊥ ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ボプ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ る⊥ ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ヨ∠ ダ ∠ わ∠ ∇カや» :ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ト ⊥ ボ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ￢⊥ ゅ∠ヘバ∠ ッ ⊥ ゅｚャま͡ ヶ͡レヤ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ .リ ∠ Α͡ゲらあ イ ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Α͡ゲらあ ム∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ れ ⊥ ∇ゲを͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∩⊥￢ゅ∠セぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ マ ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヶ͡わヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ろ ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ :る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥￢ゅ∠セぺ∠ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ マ ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ ボ͡ わ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ヶ͡よや∠グハ ∠ ろ ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ :ケ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ メ ⊥ や∠ゴΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ る⊥ ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワぽ⊥ ∇ヤョ͡ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ∇レョ͡ り∃ ギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ モ あ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ ⊥ ム͡ ∇ジΑ⊥ ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ￢∠ ヴ͡ゼ∇レΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩∀モ∇ツ∠プ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇リョ͡ ∇モワ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ メ ⊥ や∠ゴゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ケ⊥ ゅレｚ ャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ツプ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボわ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ギ∠ ホ∠ り͡ ゴｚ バ͡ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ノ∠ ツ ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ギ∃ Α͡ゴョ∠ «マ͡ゎゴｚ ハ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇テホ∠ ∇テホ∠ (Paradise and t he Hellfire debat ed. Paradise said, ` None will ent er me except t he weak and despised of t he people.' The Hell- fire said, ` I have inherit ed t he haught y and t he arrogant people.' Then Allah said t o t he Paradise, ` You are My mercy and I grant mercy wit h you t o whoever I wish.' Then He said t o t he Hellfire, ` You are My t orment and I t ake vengeance wit h you upon whoever I wish. I will fill each one of you.' However, t he Paradise will always have more bount ies, t o such an ext ent t hat Allah will creat e more creat ures t o dwell in it and enj oy it s ext ra bount ies. The Hellfire will cont inue saying, ` Are t here anymore (t o ent er me),' unt il t he Lord of might places His Foot over it . Then it (Hell) will say, "Enough, enough, by Your might !'')

ヮ͡ よ͡ ろ ⊥ あらん∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠ョ モ ͡シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ￢͡ ゅ∠ら∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゾ ぁ ボ⊥ ルｚ Κ ６ ⇒⊥ミヱ∠ ぴ ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ ヱ∠ る∀ ヌ ∠ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プ ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ポ ∠ キ∠ や∠ぽプ⊥ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡

(120. And all t hat We relat e t o you of t he news of t he Messengers is in order t hat We may make st rong and firm your heart t hereby. And in t his has come t o you t he t rut h, as well as an admonit ion and a reminder for t he believers.)

The Conclusion Allah, t he Exalt ed, is saying, ` We relat e all of t hese st ories t o you (Muhammad) concerning what happened wit h t he Messengers who came before you wit h t heir nat ions. This is an explanat ion of what t ranspired in t heir argument s and disput es and how t he Prophet s were all rej ect ed and harmed. These st ories also explain how Allah helped His part y of believers and disgraced His enemies, t he disbelievers. We relat e all of t his t o you (Muhammad) in order t o make your heart firm and so t hat you may t ake an example from your brot hers who passed before you of t he Messengers.' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びぁペエ ∠ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プ ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ (And in t his has come t o you t he t rut h,) This is referring t o t his Surah it self. This was said by Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and a group of t he Salaf and it is t he correct view. This means, ` This comprehensive Surah cont ains t he st ories of t he Prophet s and how Allah saved t hem, and t he believers along wit h t hem and how He dest royed t he disbelievers. There has come t o you (Muhammad) st ories of t rut h and t rue event s in t his Surah. In t his Surah is an admonit ion t hat prevent s t he disbelievers, and a reminder t hat causes t he believers t o reflect .'

ゅｚル͡ま ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ モ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ レ⊥ョ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ ∇ルや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤョ͡ ゅ∠ハ (121. And say t o t hose who do not believe: "Act according t o your abilit y and way, We are act ing.) (122. And you wait ! We (t oo) are wait ing.'')

Allah, the Exalted, commands His Messenger to say to those who disbelieve in what he has come with from his Lord, by way of warning,

び∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハやぴ (Act according t o your abilit y) This means upon your pat h and your way.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ͡ョゅ∠ハ ゅルｚ ま͡ぴ (We are act ing (in our way). This means t hat we are upon our pat h and our way (Islam).

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ レ⊥ョ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ ∇ルや∠ヱぴ

(And you wait ! We (t oo) are wait ing.) This means,

Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ケ͡ やｚギャや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ リ∠ョ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ (And you will come t o know for which of us will be t he (happy) end in t he Hereaft er. Cert ainly t he wrongdoers will not be successful.)ぴ6:135び Verily, Allah fulfilled His promise t o His Messenger , helped him and aided him. He made His Word uppermost (vict orious), and t he word of t hose who disbelieved lowly and disgraced. Allah is t ruly t he Most Might y, Most Wise.

ノ⊥ ィ ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ょ ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ モ ∃ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ピよ͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ヮ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘや び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅｚヨハ ∠ (123. And t o Allah belongs t he Ghayb of t he heavens and t he eart h, and t o Him ret urn all affairs (for decision). So worship Him and put your t rust in Him. And your Lord is not unaware of what you (people) do.)

Allah, the Exalted, informs that He is the All-Knower of the unseen of the heavens and the earth and that unto Him is the final return. He explains t hat everyone who does a deed, He will give t hem t heir deed (reward for it ) on t he Day of Reckoning. Unt o Him belongs t he creat ion and t he command. Then He, t he Exalt ed, commands t hat He should be worshipped and relied upon, for verily, He is sufficient for whoever t rust s and t urns t o Him. Concerning His st at ement ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ モ ∃ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ピよ͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And your Lord is not unaware of what you do.) This means, ` The lies (of t he disbelievers) against you O Muhammad are not hidden from Him. He is t he All-Knower of t he condit ions of His creat ures and He will give t hem t he perfect recompense for t heir deeds in t his life and t he Hereaft er. He will aid you (Muhammad) and His part y over t he disbelievers in t his life and in t he Hereaft er.' This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surah Hud, and all praises and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surah Yusuf (Chapter - 12) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ゅ⇔ルへ∇ゲホ⊥ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ べｚル͡ま - リ ͡ Β͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや れ ⊥ ゅ∠Αや￢ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ゲャやぴ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぁゾボ⊥ ル∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚ∠バャｚ ゅ６Βよ͡ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ ゾ ͡ ダ ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや びリ ∠ Β͡ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ピ∇ャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ (1. Alif-Lam-Ra. These are t he verses of t he Book t hat is clear.) (2. Verily, We have sent it down as an Arabic Qur'an in order t hat you may underst and.) (3. We relat e unt o you t he best of st ories t hrough Our revelat ions unt o you, of t his Qur'an. And before t his, you were among t hose who knew not hing about it .)

Qualities of the Qur'an t he beginning of Surat Al-Baqarah we t alked about t he separat e let t ers, Allah said,

び͡ょ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠Αや￢ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ (These are t he verses of t he Book) in reference t o t he Clear Qur'an t hat is plain and apparent , and explains, clarifies and makes known t he unclear mat t ers. Allah said next ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚ∠バャｚ ゅ６Βよ͡ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ゅ⇔ルへ∇ゲホ⊥ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ べｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We have sent it down as an Arabic Qur'an in order t hat you may underst and.) The Arabic language is t he most eloquent , plain, deep and expressive of t he meanings t hat might arise in one's mind. Therefore, t he most honorable Book, was revealed in t he most honorable language, t o t he most honorable Prophet and Messenger , delivered by t he most honorable angel, in t he most honorable land on eart h, and it s revelat ion st art ed during t he most honorable mont h of t he year, Ramadan. Therefore, t he Qur'an is perfect in every respect . So Allah said,

べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ ゾ ͡ ダ ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぁゾボ⊥ ル∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ぴ び∠ラや∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ (We relat e unt o you t he best of st ories t hrough Our revelat ions unt o you, of t his Qur'an.)

Reason behind revealing Ayah (12:3) On t he reason behind revealing Ayah (12:3), Ibn Jarir At -Tabari recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas said, "They said, ` O, Allah's Messenger! Why not narrat e t o us st ories' Lat er on, t his Ayah was revealed,

び͡ゾダ ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぁゾボ⊥ ル∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ぴ (We relat e unt o you t he best of st ories...)'' There is a Hadit h t hat is relevant upon ment ioning t his honorable Ayah, which praises t he Qur'an and demonst rat es t hat it is sufficient from needing all books besides it . Imam Ahmad recorded a narrat ion from Jabir bin ` Abdullah t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab came t o t he Prophet wit h a book t hat he t ook from some of t he People of t he Book. ` Umar began reading it t o t he Prophet who became angry. He said,

ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∨͡ゆゅｚトガ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇よや ゅ∠Α ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミヲあ ヰ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ぺ∠» ∇リハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩⇔るΒｚ ボ͡ ル∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ツ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ モ ∃デ ͡ ゅ∠らよ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩⊥ヮル∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ わ⊥ プ∠ ペ ∠エ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ガΒ⊥ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∩⊥ヮル∠ ヲ⊥ホギあ ダ ∠ わ⊥ プ∠ «ヶ͡レバ∠ ら͡ わｚ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ６Β∠ェ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ (Are you uncert ain about it Ibn Al-Khat t ab By t he One in Whose Hand is my soul! I have come t o you wit h it whit e and pure. Do not ask t hem about anyt hing, for t hey might t ell you somet hing t rue and you rej ect it , or t hey might t ell you somet hing false and you believe it . By t he One in Whose Hand is my soul! If Musa were living, he would have no choice but t o follow me.) Imam Ahmad also recorded a narrat ion from ` Abdullah bin Thabit who said, "` Umar came t o Allah's Messenger and said; ` O Messenger of Allah! I passed by a brot her of mine from ぴt he t ribe ofび Qurayzah, so he wrot e some comprehensive st at ement s from t he Tawrah for me, should I read t hem t o you' The face of Allah's Messenger changed ぴwit h angerび. So I said t o him, ` Don't you see t he face of Allah's Messenger'' ` Umar said, ` We are pleased wit h Allah as our Lord, Islam as our religion, and Muhammad as our Messenger.' So t he anger of t he Prophet subsided, and he said,

ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ザ ⊥ ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» リ ∠ ョ͡ ヶあヌェ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∩∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤヤ∠ツ ∠ ャ∠ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇バら∠ ゎｚ や ｚユを⊥ «リΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヌ ぁェ ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ユ∠ョほ⊥∇ャや

(By t he One in Whose Hand is Muhammad's soul, if Musa appeared among you and you were t o follow him, abandoning me, t hen you would have st rayed. Indeed you are my share of t he nat ions, and I am your share of t he Prophet s.)''

ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ハ ∠ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヴあルま͡ ろ ͡ よ∠ほΑ ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ ブ ⊥ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ギィ ͡ ゅ∠シ ヴ͡ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゅ⇔らミ∠ ∇ヲミ∠ (4. (Remember) when Yusuf said t o his fat her: "O my fat her! Verily, I saw (in a dream) eleven st ars and t he sun and t he moon - I saw t hem prost rat ing t hemselves t o me.'')

Yusuf's Dream Allah says, ` Ment ion t o your people, O Muhammad, among t he st ories t hat you narrat e t o t hem, t he st ory of Yusuf.' Prophet Yusuf (Joseph) ment ioned his dream t o his fat her, Prophet Ya` qub (Jacob), son of Prophet Ishaq (Isaac), son of Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham), peace be upon t hem all. ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas st at ed t hat t he dreams of Prophet s are revelat ions from Allah. Scholars of Tafsir explained t hat in Yusuf's dream t he eleven st ars represent his brot hers, who were eleven, and t he sun and t he moon represent his fat her and mot her. This explanat ion was collect ed from Ibn ` Abbas, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah, Sufyan At h-Thawri and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam. Yusuf's vision became a realit y fort y years lat er, or as some say, eight y years, when Yusuf raised his parent s t o t he t hrone while his brot hers were before him,

ヴ⇒∠Α∇ぼケ⊥ モ ⊥ Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ や∠ギイ ｚシ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱぁゲカ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ６ボェ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ (and t hey fell down before him prost rat e. And he said: "O my fat her! This is t he int erpret at ion of my dream aforet ime! My Lord has made it come t rue!'')

マ ∠ ゎ͡ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ポ ∠ ゅ∠Α∇￢ケ⊥ ∇ゾダ ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ｚヴレ∠ ら⊥ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΘ ͡ ャ͡ リ ∠ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ や⇔ギ∇Βミ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギΒ͡ムΒ∠ プ∠ び (5. He (t he fat her) said: "O my son! Relat e not your vision t o your brot hers, lest t hey should arrange a plot against you. Verily, Shayt an is t o man an open enemy!'')

Ya` qub orders Yusuf to hide His Vision to avoid Shaytan's Plots Allah narrat es t he reply Ya` qub gave his son Yusuf when he narrat ed t o him t he vision t hat he saw, which indicat ed t hat his brot hers would be under his aut horit y. They would be subj ugat ed t o Yusuf's aut horit y t o such an ext ent t hat t hey would prost rat e before him in respect , honor

and appreciat ion. Ya` qub feared t hat if Yusuf narrat ed his vision t o any of his brot hers, t hey would envy him and conspire evil plot s against him. This is why Ya` qub said t o Yusuf,

マ ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギΒ͡ムΒ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ゎ͡ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ポ ∠ ゅ∠Α∇￢ケ⊥ ∇ゾダ ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ びや⇔ギ∇Βミ∠ (Relat e not your vision t o your brot hers, lest t hey should arrange a plot against you.) This Ayah means, "They might arrange a plot against you t hat causes your demise.'' In t he Sunnah, t here is a confirmed Hadit h t hat st at es,

ン∠ぺケ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ∇ゐギあ エ ∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ン∠ぺケ∠ や∠クま͡» ∇リハ ∠ ∇モヘ⊥ ∇わΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ∩͡ゲカ ∠ べ∇ャや ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇レィ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇メヲｚ エ ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ゐギあ エ ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワゲあ セ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ∇グバ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ ロ͡ ケ͡ ゅジ ∠ Α∠ «ロｚゲツ ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇リャ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ み͡プ∠ や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ (If any of you saw a vision t hat he likes, let him narrat e it . If he saw a dream t hat he dislikes, let him t urn on his ot her side, blow t o his left t hrice, seek refuge wit h Allah from it s evil and not t ell it t o anyone. Verily, it will not harm him in t his case.) In anot her Hadit h t hat Imam Ahmad and collect ors of t he Sunan collect ed, Mu` awiyah bin Haydah Al-Qushayri said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∇ゲら∠ ∇バゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゲ∃ も͡ ゅ∠デ モ ͡ ∇ィケ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠Α∇ぼゲぁ ャや» «ろ∠バホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇れゲ∠ ら͡ ハ ⊥ (The dream is t ied t o a bird's leg, as long as it is not int erpret ed. If it is int erpret ed, it comes t rue.) Therefore, one should hide t he prospect s or t he coming of a bount y unt il it comes int o exist ence and becomes known. The Prophet said,

ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰル͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇わム͡ よ͡ ア ͡ も͡ や∠ヲエ ∠ ∇ャや ￢͡ ゅ∠ツホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥レΒ͡バわ∠ ∇シや» «キヲ⊥ジ∇エョ∠ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ヵ͡ク ｚモミ⊥ (Earn help for fulfilling needs by being discret e, for every owner of a blessing is envied.)

モ ͡ Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヨ⊥ ヤあバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ マ ∠ Β͡らわ∠ ∇イΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ メ ͡ や￢ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ユぁ わ͡ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ゑ ͡ Α͡キゅ∠ェΙ ｘや ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Αヲ∠ よ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ べ∠ヰヨｚ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨミ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ (6. "Thus will your Lord choose you and t each you t he int erpret at ion of dreams (and ot her t hings) and perfect His favor on you and on t he offspring of Ya` qub, as He perfect ed it on your fat hers, Ibrahim and Ishaq aforet ime! Verily, your Lord is All-Knowing, All-Wise.'')

Interpretation of Yusuf's Vision Allah says t hat Ya` qub said t o his son Yusuf, ` Just as Allah chose you t o see t he eleven st ars, t he sun and t he moon prost rat e before you in a vision,

び∠マよぁ ケ∠ マ ∠ Β͡らわ∠ ∇イΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (Thus will your Lord choose you) designat e and assign you t o be a Prophet from Him,

び͡ゑΑ͡キゅ∠ェｘΙや モ ͡ Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヨ⊥ ヤあバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t each you t he int erpret at ion of Ahadit h).' Muj ahid and several ot her scholars said t hat t his part of t he Ayah is in reference t o t he int erpret ing of dreams. He said next ,

び∠マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ユぁ わ͡ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and perfect His favor on you), ` by His Message and revelat ion t o you.' This is why Ya` qub said aft erwards,

び∠ユΒ͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Αヲ∠ よ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ べ∠ヰヨｚ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨ∠ミぴ (as He perfect ed it aforet ime on your fat hers, Ibrahim...), Allah's int imat e friend,

び∠ペ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and Ishaq), Ibrahim's son,

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, your Lord is All-Knowing, All-Wise.) Allah knows best whom t o chose for His Messages.

-リ ∠ Β͡ヤも͡ べｚジヤあャ ∀ろ⇒∠Αや￢ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ヱ∠ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚレ͡ョ ゅ∠レΒ͡よぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ょ ぁ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥カぺ∠ヱ∠ ブ ⊥ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Βャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホや - リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ モ ∃ ヤ∠ッ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ゅ∠ルゅ∠よぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∀る∠ら∇ダハ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡よぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ⇔ッ∇ケぺ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇デや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀モ͡もべ∠ホ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒∠タ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ∇トボ͡ わ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ あょイ ⊥ ∇ャや る͡ よ∠ ゅ∠Βビ ∠ ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ボ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヤバ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま り͡ ケ∠ ゅｚΒジ ｚ ャや ヂ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ (7. Verily, in Yusuf and his bret hren t here were Ayat for t hose who ask.) (8. When t hey said: "Truly, Yusuf and his brot her are dearer t o our fat her t han we, while we are ` Usbah (a group). Really, our fat her is in a plain error.'') (9. "Kill Yusuf or cast him out t o some (ot her) land, so t hat t he favor of your fat her may be given t o you alone, and aft er t hat you will be right eous folk.'') (10. One from among t hem said: "Kill not Yusuf, but if you must do somet hing, t hrow him down t o t he bot t om of a well; he will be picked up by some caravan of t ravelers.'')

There are Lessons to draw from the Story of Yusuf Allah says t hat t here are Ayat , lessons and wisdom t o learn from t he st ory of Yusuf and his brot hers, for t hose who ask about t heir st ory and seek it s knowledge. Surely, t heir st ory is unique and is wort hy of being narrat ed.

びゅｚレョ͡ ゅ∠レΒ͡よぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ょ ぁ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥カぺ∠ヱ∠ ブ ⊥ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Βャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ (When t hey said: "Truly, Yusuf and his brot her are dearer t o our fat her t han we...'') They swore, according t o t heir false t hought s, t hat Yusuf and his brot her Binyamin (Benj amin), Yusuf's full brot her,

び∀るら∠ ∇ダハ ⊥ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚレ͡ョ ゅ∠レΒ͡よぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ょ ぁ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (dearer t o our fat her t han we, while we are ` Usbah.) meaning, a group. Therefore, t hey t hought , how can he love t hese t wo more t han t he group,

び∃リΒ͡らョぁ モ ∃ ヤ∠ッ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ゅ∠ルゅ∠よぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Really, our fat her is in a plain error.) because he preferred t hem and loved t hem more t han us.

ヮ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ⇔ッ∇ケぺ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇デや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホやぴ び∇ユム⊥ Β͡よぺ∠ (Kill Yusuf or cast him out t o some (ot her) land, so t hat t he favor of your fat her may be given t o you alone,) They said, ` Remove Yusuf, who compet es wit h you for your fat her's love, from in front of your fat her's face so t hat his favor is yours alone. Eit her kill Yusuf or banish him t o a dist ant land so t hat you are rid of his t rouble and you alone enj oy t he love of your fat her. '

び∠リΒ͡エヤ͡⇒∠タ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and aft er t hat you will be right eous folk.), t hus int ending repent ance before commit t ing t he sin,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀モ͡もべ∠ホ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (One from among t hem said...) Qat adah and Muhammad bin Ishaq said t hat he was t he oldest among t hem and his name was Rubil (Reuben). As-Suddi said t hat his name was Yahudha (Judah). Muj ahid said t hat it was Sham` un (Simeon) who said,

び∠ブシ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (Kill not Yusuf,), do not let your enmit y and hat red t owards him reach t his level, of murder. However, t heir plot t o kill Yusuf would not have succeeded, because Allah t he Exalt ed willed t hat Yusuf fulfill a mission t hat must be fulfilled and complet e; he would receive Allah's revelat ion and become His Prophet . Allah willed Yusuf t o be a powerful man in Egypt and govern it . Consequent ly, Allah did not allow t hem t o persist in t heir int ent against Yusuf, t hrough Rubil's words and his advice t o t hem t hat if t hey must do somet hing, t hey should t hrow him down t o t he bot t om of a well,

び͡りケ∠ ゅｚΒジ ｚ ャや ヂ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇トボ͡ わ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ぴ (he will be picked up by some caravan) of t ravelers passing by. This way, he said, you will rid yourselves of t his bot her wit hout having t o kill him,

び∠リΒ͡ヤバ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まぴ

(if you must do somet hing,) meaning, if you st ill insist on get t ing rid of him. Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar said, "They agreed t o a part icularly vicious crime t hat involved cut t ing t he relat ion of t he womb, undut iful t reat ment of parent s, and harshness t owards t he young, helpless and sinless. It was also harsh t owards t he old and weak who have t he right s of being respect ed, honored and appreciat ed, as well as, being honored wit h Allah and having parent al right s on t heir offspring. They sought t o separat e t he beloved fat her, who had reached old age and his bones became weak, yet had a high st at us wit h Allah, from his beloved young son, in spit e of his weakness, t ender age and his need of his fat her's compassion and kindness. May Allah forgive t hem, and indeed, He is t he Most Merciful among t hose who have mercy, for t hey int ended t o carry out a "grave error.'' Ibn Abi Hat im collect ed t his st at e- ment , from t he rout e of Salamah bin Al-Fadl from Muhammad bin Ishaq.

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅｚレョ∠ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ルゅ∠よほ∠⇒∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ∇ょバ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ノゎ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ や⇔ギ∠ビ ゅ∠レバ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エダ ͡ ⇒∠レャ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠エャ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ (11. They said: "O our fat her! Why do you not t rust us wit h Yusuf t hough we are indeed his well-wishers'') (12. "Send him wit h us t omorrow t o enj oy himself and play, and verily, we will t ake care of him.'')

Yusuf's Brothers ask for Their Father's Permission to take Yusuf with Them When Yusuf's brot hers agreed t o t ake him and t hrow him down t he well, t aking t he advice of t heir elder brot her Rubil, t hey went t o t heir fat her Ya` qub, peace be upon him. They said t o him, "Why is it t hat you,

び∠ラヲ⊥エダ ͡ ⇒∠レャ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅｚレ∠ョ∇ほ∠ゎ Ι ∠ぴ (do not t rust us wit h Yusuf t hough we are indeed his well-wishers).'' They st art ed execut ing t heir plan by t his int roduct ory st at ement , even t hough t hey really int ended it s opposit e, out of envy t owards Yusuf for being loved by his fat her. They said,

びゅ∠レバ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ぴ "(Send him wit h us) t omorrow so t hat we all enj oy ourselves and play.'' Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak and As-Suddi said similarly. Yusuf's brot hers said next ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠エャ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and verily, we will t ake care of him.), we will prot ect him and ensure his safet y for you.

ラ∠ぺ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇グゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ͡レル⊥ ゴ⊥ ∇エΒ∠ ャ∠ ヴあルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠ミ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ょ ⊥ ∇もあグャや ヮ⊥ ヤ∠ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガャｚ や∠クま͡ べｚル͡ま ∀る∠ら∇ダハ ⊥ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ょ ⊥ ∇もあグャや (13. He (Ya` qub) said: "Truly, it saddens me t hat you should t ake him away. I fear lest a wolf should devour him, while you are careless of him.'') (14. They said: "If a wolf devours him, while we are ` Usbah (a group), t hen surely, we are t he losers.'')

Ya` qub's Answer to Their Request Allah narrat es t o us t hat His Prophet Ya` qub said t o his children, in response t o t heir request t hat he send Yusuf wit h t hem t o t he desert t o t end t heir cat t le,

び͡ヮよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇グゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ͡レル⊥ ゴ⊥ ∇エΒ∠ ャ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ (Truly, it saddens me t hat you should t ake him away.) He said t hat it was hard on him t hat he be separat ed from Yusuf for t he durat ion of t heir t rip, unt il t hey came back. This demonst rat es t he deep love t hat Ya` qub had for his son, because he saw in Yusuf great goodness and exalt ed qualit ies wit h regards t o conduct and physical at t ract iveness associat ed wit h t he rank of prophet hood. May Allah's peace and blessings be on him. Prophet Ya` qub's st at ement next ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ょ ⊥ ∇もグあ ャや ヮ⊥ ヤ∠ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (I fear lest a wolf should devour him, while you are careless of him.) He said t o t hem, ` I fear t hat you might be careless wit h him while you are t ending t he cat t le and shoot ing, t hen a wolf might come and eat him while you are unaware.' They heard t hese words from his mout h and used t hem in t heir response for what t hey did aft erwards. They also gave a spont aneous reply for t heir fat her's st at ement , saying,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒ガ ∠ ャｚ や∠クま͡ べｚル͡ま ∀る∠ら∇ダハ ⊥ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ょ ⊥ ∇もあグャや ヮ⊥ ヤ∠ミ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ぴ (If a wolf devours him, while we are an ` Usbah, t hen surely, we are t he losers.) They said, ` If a wolf should at t ack and devour him while we are all around him in a st rong group, t hen indeed we are t he losers and weak.'

る͡ よ∠ ゅ∠Βビ ∠ ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らワ∠ ク∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ゃ∠ らあ レ∠ わ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Β∠ェ∇ヱ∠ぺ∠ヱ あょイ ⊥ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ (15. So, when t hey t ook him away, t hey all agreed t o t hrow him down t o t he bot t om of t he well, and We revealed t o him: "Indeed, you shall (one day) inform t hem of t his t heir affair, when t hey know (you) not .'')

Yusuf is thrown in a Well Allah says t hat when Yusuf's brot hers t ook him from his fat her, aft er t hey request ed him t o permit t hat ,

びあょイ ⊥ ∇ャや る͡ よ∠ ゅ∠Βビ ∠ ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥バ∠ヨ∇ィ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (t hey all agreed t o t hrow him down t o t he bot t om of t he well,) This part of t he Ayah magnifies t heir crime, in t hat it ment ions t hat t hey all agreed t o t hrow him t o t he bot t om of t he well. This was t heir int ent , yet when t hey t ook him from his fat her, t hey pret ended ot herwise, so t hat his fat her sends him wit h a good heart and feeling at ease and comfort able wit h his decision. It was report ed t hat Ya` qub, peace be upon him, embraced Yusuf, kissed him and supplicat ed t o Allah for him when he sent him wit h his brot hers. As-Suddi said t hat t he t ime spent bet ween pret ending t o be well-wishers and harming Yusuf was no longer t han t heir st raying far from t heir fat her's eyes. They t hen st art ed abusing Yusuf verbally, by cursing, and harming him by beat ing. When t hey reached t he well t hat t hey agreed t o t hrow him in, t hey t ied him wit h rope and lowered him down. When Yusuf would beg one of t hem, he would smack and curse him. When he t ried t o hold t o t he sides of t he well, t hey st ruck his hand and t hen cut t he rope when he was only half t he dist ance from t he bot t om of t he well. He fell int o t he wat er and was submerged. However, he was able t o ascend a st one t hat was in t he well and st ood on it . Allah said next ,

Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ゃ∠ らあレ∠ わ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Β∠ェ∇ヱ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ (and We revealed t o him: "Indeed, you shall (one day) inform t hem of t his t heir affair, when t hey know (you) not . '') In t his Ayah, Allah ment ions His mercy and compassion and His compensat ion and relief t hat He sends in t imes of dist ress. Allah revealed t o Yusuf, during t hat dist ressful t ime, in order t o comfort his heart and st rengt hen his resolve, ` Do not be saddened by what you have suffered. Surely, you will have a way out of t his dist ress and a good end, for Allah will aid you against t hem, elevat e your rank and raise your grade. Lat er on, you will remind t hem of what t hey did t o you,' i

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (when t hey know not .) "Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t his Ayah, "You will remind t hem of t his evil act ion against you, while t hey are unaware of your ident it y and unable t o recognize you.''

ゅｚル͡ま ゅ∠ルゅ∠よほ∠⇒∠Α ∇やヲャ⊥ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ム∇らΑ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ゼハ ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠よぺ∠ やヱ⊥￢べ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠ミ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠レバ͡ ⇒∠わョ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ゅ∠レ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ⊥ ら͡ わ∠ ∇ジル∠ ゅ∠レ∇らワ∠ ク∠ -リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ゅｚレミ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レャｚ リ ∃ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ょ ⊥ ∇もあグャや ∇ろャ∠ヲｚ シ ∠ ∇モよ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゆ ∃ グ͡ ミ∠ ュ∃ ギ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ダ ͡ Β͡ヨホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヱ⊥￢べ∠ィヱ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠バわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∀モΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゲ∀ ∇らダ ∠ プ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (16. And t hey came t o t heir fat her in t he early part of t he night weeping.) (17. They said: "O our fat her! We went racing wit h one anot her, and left Yusuf by our belongings and a wolf devoured him; but you will never believe us even when we speak t he t rut h.'') (18. And t hey brought his shirt st ained wit h false blood. He said: "Nay, but your own selves have made up a t ale. So (for me) pat ience is most fit t ing. And it is Allah (Alone) Whose help can be sought against t hat (lie) which you describe.'')

Yusuf's Brothers try to deceive Their Father Allah narrat es t o us t he deceit t hat Yusuf's brot hers resort ed t o, aft er t hey t hrew him t o t he bot t om of t he well. They went back t o t heir fat her, during t he darkness of t he night , crying and showing sorrow and grief for losing Yusuf. They st art ed giving excuses t o t heir fat her for what happened t o Yusuf, falsely claiming t hat ,

び⊥ペら͡ わ∠ ∇ジル∠ ゅ∠レ∇らワ∠ ク∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (We went racing wit h one anot her), or had a shoot ing compet it ion,

びゅ∠レバ͡ ⇒∠わョ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ゅ∠レ∇ミ∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ (and left Yusuf by our belongings), guarding our clot hes and luggage,

び⊥ょ∇もグあ ャや ヮ⊥ ヤ∠ミ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ

(and a wolf devoured him), which is exact ly what t heir fat her t old t hem he feared for Yusuf and warned against . They said next ,

び∠リΒ͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ゅｚレミ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レャｚ リ ∃ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (but you will never believe us even when we speak t he t rut h.) They t ried t o lessen t he impact of t he grave news t hey were delivering. They said, ` We know t hat you will not believe t his news, even if you consider us t rut hful. So what about when you suspect t hat we are not t rut hful, especially since you feared t hat t he wolf might devour Yusuf and t hat is what happened' Therefore, t hey said, ` You have reason not t o believe us because of t he st range coincidence and t he amazing occurrence t hat happened t o us. '

び∃ゆグ͡ ミ∠ ュ∃ ギ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ダ ͡ Β͡ヨホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヱ⊥￢べ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey brought his shirt st ained wit h false blood.) on it , t o help prove plot t hat t hey all agreed on. They slaught ered a sheep, according t o Muj ahid, As-Suddi and several ot her scholars, and st ained Yusuf's shirt wit h it s blood. They claimed t hat t his was t he shirt Yusuf was wearing when t he wolf devoured him, being st ained wit h his blood. But , t hey forgot t o t ear t he shirt , and t his is why Allah's Prophet Ya` qub did not believe t hem. Rat her, he t old t hem what he felt about what t hey said t o him, t hus refusing t heir false claim,

び∀モΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゲ∀ ∇らダ ∠ プ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろャ∠ヲｚ シ ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, but your ownselves have made up a t ale. So (for me) pat ience is most fit t ing.) Ya` qub said, ` I will firmly observe pat ience for t his plot on which you agreed, unt il Allah relieves t he dist ress wit h His aid and compassion,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠バわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And it is Allah (alone) Whose help can be sought against t hat which you describe.), against t he lies and unbelievable incident t hat you said had occurred.'

ロ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ャキ∠ ヴ∠ャ∇キほ∠プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ キ∠ ケ͡ や∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ∀り∠ケゅΒｚ シ ∠ ∇れ￢∠ ゅ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ る⇔ バ∠ ⇒∠ツよ͡ ロ⊥ ヱぁゲシ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ュ∠Κビ ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ン∠ゲ∇ゼら⊥ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ユ∠ ワ͡ ケ∠ キ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ガよ∠ リ ∃ ヨ∠ ん∠ よ͡ ロ⊥ ∇ヱゲ∠ セ ∠ ヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ びリ ∠ Α͡ギワ͡ ゴ∠ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ り∃ キ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇バョ∠ (19. And t here came a caravan of t ravelers and t hey sent t heir wat er-drawer, and he let down his bucket (int o t he well). He said: "What good news! Here is a boy.'' So t hey hid him as merchandise (a slave). And Allah was t he All-Knower of what t hey did.) (20. And t hey sold him for a Bakhs price, - for a few Dirhams. And t hey were of t hose who regarded him insignificant .)

Yusuf is Rescued from the Well and sold as a Slave Allah narrat es what happened t o Yusuf, peace be upon him, aft er his brot hers t hrew him down t he well and left him in it , alone, where he remained for t hree days, according t o Abu Bakr bin ` Ayyash. Muhammad bin Ishaq said, "Aft er Yusuf's brot hers t hrew him down t he well, t hey remained around t he well for t he rest of t he day t o see what he might do and what would happen t o him. Allah sent a caravan of t ravelers t hat camped near t hat well, and t hey sent t o it t he man responsible for drawing wat er for t hem. When he approached t he well, he lowered his bucket down int o it , Yusuf held on t o it and t he man rescued him and felt happy,

び∀ュΚ ∠ビ ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ン∠ゲ∇ゼら⊥ Αぴ ("What good news! Here is a boy.'') Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔るバ∠ ⇒∠ツよ͡ ロ⊥ ヱぁゲ∠シ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (So t hey hid him as merchandise), is in reference t o Yusuf's brot hers, who hid t he news t hat he was t heir brot her. Yusuf hid t his news for fear t hat his brot hers might kill him and preferred t o be sold inst ead. Consequent ly, Yusuf's brot hers t old t he wat er drawer about him and t hat man said t o his companions,

び∀ュΚ ∠ビ ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ン∠ゲ∇ゼら⊥ Αぴ ("What good news! Here is a boy.''), a slave whom we can sell. Therefore, Yusuf's own brot hers sold him.'' Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah was t he All-Knower of what t hey did. ) st at es t hat Allah knew what Yusuf's brot hers, and t hose who bought him, did. He was able t o st op t hem and prevent t hem from commit t ing t heir act ions, but out of His perfect wisdom He decreed ot herwise. He let t hem do what t hey did, so t hat His decision prevails and His appoint ed dest iny rules,

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ペ ⊥ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Surely, His is t he creat ion and commandment . Blessed is Allah, t he Lord of t he all t hat exist s!) ぴ7:54び This reminds Allah's Messenger Muhammad , t hat Allah has perfect knowledge in t he persecut ion t hat his people commit t ed against him and t hat He is able t o st op t hem. However, He decided t o give t hem respit e, t hen give Muhammad t he vict ory and make him prevail over t hem, j ust as He gave Yusuf vict ory and made him prevail over his brot hers. Allah said next ,

び∃りキ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇バョ∠ ユ∠ ワ͡ ケ∠ キ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ガよ∠ リ ∃ ヨ∠ ん∠ よ͡ ロ⊥ ∇ヱゲ∠ セ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And t hey sold him for a Bakhs price, - for a few Dirhams) in reference t o Yusuf's brot hers selling him for a lit t le price, according t o Muj ahid and ` Ikrimah. ` Bakhs' means decreased, j ust as Allah t he Exalt ed said in anot her Ayah,

び⇔ゅボ∠ワケ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ガよ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠ガΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (shall have no fear, eit her of a Bakhs (a decrease in t he reward of his good deeds) or a Rahaq (an increase in t he punishment for his sins).) ぴ72:13び meaning t hat Yusuf's brot hers exchanged him for a miserably low price. Yet , he was so insignificant t o t hem t hat had t he caravan people want ed him for free, t hey would have given him for free t o t hem! Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and AdDahhak said t hat ,

び⊥ロ∇ヱゲ∠ セ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey sold him), is in reference t o Yusuf's brot hers. They sold Yusuf for t he lowest price, as indicat ed by Allah's st at ement next ,

び∃りキ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇バョ∠ ユ∠ ワ͡ ケ∠ キ∠ ぴ (for a few Dirhams), t went y Dirhams, according t o ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud. Similar was said by Ibn ` Abbas, Nawf Al-Bikali, As-Suddi, Qat adah and ` At iyah Al-` Awfi, who added t hat t hey divided t he Dirhams among t hemselves, each get t ing t wo Dirhams. Ad-Dahhak comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

び∠リΑ͡ギワ͡ ゴ∠ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey were of t hose who regarded him insignificant .) "Because t hey had no knowledge of his prophet hood and glorious rank wit h Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored.''

ヴ͡ョ͡ゲ∇ミ∠ぺ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョΙ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ダョあ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ や∠ゲわ∠ ∇セや ン͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ゅｚレムｚ ョ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ や⇔ギャ∠ヱ∠ ロ⊥ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ ル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠レバ∠ ヘ∠ レ∠Α ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ヲ∇んョ∠ モ ͡ Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤあバ∠ レ⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Βャ͡ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ょ͡ャゅ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ゑ ͡ Α͡キゅ∠ェΙ ｘや ゅ⇔ヨ∇ムェ ⊥ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ へ ロ⊥ ｚギセ ⊥ ぺ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ヱ∠

(21. And he (t he man) from Egypt who bought him, said t o his wife: "Make his st ay comfort able, maybe he will profit us or we shall adopt him as a son.'' Thus did We est ablish Yusuf in t he land, t hat We might t each him t he int erpret at ion of event s. And Allah has full power and cont rol over His affairs, but most of men know not .) (22. And when he ぴYusufび at t ained his full manhood, We gave him wisdom and knowledge (t he prophet hood), t hus We reward t he doers of good.)

Yusuf in Egypt Allah ment ions t he favors t hat He grant ed Yusuf, peace be on him, by which He made t he man from Egypt who bought him, t ake care of him and provide him wit h a comfort able life. He also ordered his wife t o be kind t o Yusuf and had good hopes for his fut ure, because of his firm right eous behavior. He said t o his wife,

びや⇔ギャ∠ヱ∠ ロ⊥ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ ル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠レバ∠ ヘ∠ レ∠Α ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ヲ∇んョ∠ ヴ͡ョゲ͡ ∇ミぺ∠ぴ (Make his st ay comfort able, maybe he will profit us or we shall adopt him as a son.) The man who bought Yusuf was t he minist er of Egypt at t he t ime, and his t it le was ` Aziz'. Abu Ishaq narrat ed t hat Abu ` Ubaydah said t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "Three had t he most insight : t he ` Aziz of Egypt , who said t o his wife,

び⊥ロや∠ヲ∇んョ∠ ヴ͡ョゲ͡ ∇ミぺ∠ぴ (Make his st ay comfort able...), t he woman who said t o her fat her,

び⊥ロ∇ゲイ ͡ ∇⇒わ∠ ∇シや ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Αぴ (O my fat her! Hire him...), ぴ28:26び and Abu Bakr As-Siddiq when he appoint ed ` Umar bin AlKhat t ab t o be t he Khalifah aft er him, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem bot h.'' Allah said next t hat j ust as He saved Yusuf from his brot hers,

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Βャ͡ ゅｚレムｚ ヨ∠ ム∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Thus did We est ablish Yusuf in t he land), in reference t o Egypt ,

び͡ゑΑ͡キゅ∠ェΙ ｘやモ ͡ Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤあバ∠ レ⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (t hat We might t each him t he int erpret at ion of event s.) t he int erpret at ion of dreams, according t o Muj ahid and As-Suddi. Allah said next ,

び͡ロゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ょ͡ャゅ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ

(And Allah has full power and cont rol over His affairs,) if He wills somet hing, t hen t here is no avert ing His decision, nor can it ever be st opped or cont radict ed. Rat her, Allah has full power over everyt hing and everyone else. Sa` id bin Jubayr said while comment ing on Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ロゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ょ͡ャゅ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah has full power and cont rol over His affairs,) "He does what ever He wills.'' Allah said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but most of men know not .) meaning, have no knowledge of Allah's wisdom wit h regards t o His creat ion, compassion and doing what He wills. Allah said next ,

び∠ヒヤ∠よ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And when he at t ained), in reference t o Prophet Yusuf, peace be upon him,

び⊥ロギｚ セ ⊥ ぺ∠ぴ (his full manhood), sound in mind and perfect in body,

びゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ムェ ⊥ ロ⊥ ゅレ∠ ∇Βゎ∠ へぴ (We gave him wisdom and knowledge), which is t he prophet hood t hat Allah sent him wit h for t he people he lived among,

び∠リΒ͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (t hus We reward t he doers of good.) because Yusuf used t o do good in t he obedience of Allah t he Exalt ed.

ろ ͡ ボ∠ ヤｚビ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘルｚ リ∠ハ ゅ∠ヰわ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ͡プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヴ͡わャｚや ヮ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ ヱ∠ や∠ケヱ∠ ぴ ヴあよケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ク∠ ゅ∠バョ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ ャ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βワ∠ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠ヲ∇よΙ ｘや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ン ｚ や∠ヲ∇んョ∠ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ (23. And she, in whose house he was, sought t o seduce him (t o do an evil act ), and she closed t he doors and said: "Come on, O you.'' He said: "I seek refuge in Allah! Truly, he is my Rabb! He made my living in a great comfort ! Verily, t he wrongdoers will never be successful.'')

Wife of the ` Aziz loves Yusuf and plots against Him Allah st at es t hat t he wife of t he ` Aziz of Egypt , in whose house Yusuf resided and whose husband recommended t hat she t akes care of him and be generous t o him, t ried t o seduce Yusuf! She called him t o do an evil act wit h her, because she loved him very much. Yusuf was very handsome, filled wit h manhood and beaut y. She beaut ified herself for him, closed t he doors and called him,

び∠マャ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βワ∠ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (and (she) said: "Come on, O you.'') But he cat egorically refused her call,

びｚンや∠ヲ∇んョ∠ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ク∠ ゅ∠バョ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "I seek refuge in Allah! Truly, he is my Rabb! He made my living in a great comfort !'') as t hey used t o call t he chief and mast er a ` Rabb', Yusuf said t o her, ` your husband is my mast er who provided me wit h comfort able living and was kind t o me, so I will never bet ray him by commit t ing immoral sins wit h his wife,'

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, t he wrongdoers will never be successful.) This was said by Muj ahid, As-Suddi, Muhammad bin Ishaq and several ot hers. The scholars differ in t heir recit at ion of,

び∠マャ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βワ∠ ぴ (Hayt a Laka), whereby Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and several ot her scholars said t hat it means t hat she was calling him t o herself. Al-Bukhari said; "Ikrimah said t hat ,

び∠マャ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βワ∠ ぴ (Hayt a Laka') means, ` come on, O you', in t he Aramaic language.'' Al-Bukhari collect ed t his st at ement from ` Ikrimah wit hout a chain of narrat ion. Ot her scholars read it wit h t he meaning, ` I am ready for you'. Ibn ` Abbas, Abu ` Abdur-Rahman As-Sulami, Abu Wa'il, ` Ikrimah and Qat adah were report ed t o have read t his part of t he Ayah t his way and explained it in t he manner we ment ioned, as ` I am ready for you'.

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ワ∇ゲよ⊥ ン∠ぺケｚ ラ∠ぺ Ι∇ヲャ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ユｚ ワ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ろヨｚ ワ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ￢∠ べ∠ゼ∇エヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢∠ ヲぁジャや ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ フ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ダレ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ダヤ∠∇ガヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ (24. And indeed she did desire him, and he would have inclined t o her desire, had he not seen t he evidence of his Lord. Thus it was, t hat We might t urn away from him evil and immoval sins. Surely, he was one of Our Mukhlasin servant s.) This is about t he t hought s t hat cross t he mind, according t o Al-Baghawi who ment ioned t his opinion from some of t he analyst s. Al-Baghawi next ment ioned here a Hadit h t hat he narrat ed from ` Abdur Razzaq, from Ma` mar, from Hammam, from Abu Hurayrah, from t he Messenger of Allah ,

ゅ∠ワヲ⊥らわ⊥ ∇ミゅ∠プ る∃ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ よ͡ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ユｚ ワ∠ や∠クま͡ :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » ∩ゅ∠ヰャ͡ゅ∠ん∇ョぺ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼバ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥らわ⊥ ∇ミゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩⇔るレ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩⇔るレ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥らわ⊥ ∇ミゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ る∃ ゃ∠ Βあ ジ ∠ よ͡ ユｚ ワ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ «ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇んヨ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥らわ⊥ ∇ミゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩ヶ͡もや∂ゲ∠ィ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰミ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ (Allah t he Exalt ed said, ` If my slave int ends t o perform a good deed, t hen record it for him as one good deed; if he performs it , t hen record it for him mult iplied t en folds. If he int ends t o commit an evil act but did not commit it , t hen record it for him as one good deed, if he left it for My sake. But if he commit s it , t hen writ e it as one evil deed.') This Hadit h was also collect ed in t he Two Sahihs using various wording, t his is one of t hem. It was also report ed t hat t he Ayah means t hat Yusuf was about t o beat her. As for t he evidence t hat Yusuf saw at t hat moment , t here are conflict ing opinions t o what it was. Ibn Jarir At -Tabari said, "The correct opinion is t hat we should say t hat he saw an Ayah from among Allah's Ayat t hat repelled t he t hought t hat crossed his mind. This evidence might have been t he image of Ya` qub, or t he image of an angel, or a divine st at ement t hat forbade him from doing t hat evil sin, et c. There are no clear proofs t o support any of t hese st at ement s in specific, so it should be left vague, as Allah left it . Allah's st at ement next ,

び∠￢べ∠ゼ∇エヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢∠ ヲぁジャや ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ フ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ダレ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Thus it was, t hat We might t urn away from him evil and immoral sins.) means, ` Just as We showed him t he evidence t hat t urned him away from t hat sin, We save him from all t ypes of evil and illegal sexual act ivit y in all his affairs,' because,

び∠リΒ͡ダヤ∠∇ガヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Surely, he was one of Our Mukhlasin servant s. ) meaning, chosen, purified, designat ed, appoint ed and right e- ous. May Allah's peace and blessings be on him.''

ゅ∠Βヘ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲ∃ よ⊥ キ⊥ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ダ ∠ Β͡ヨホ∠ ∇れギｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ら∇ャや ゅボ∠ ら∠ わ∠ シ ⊥ や∠ヱぴ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ワほ∠よ͡ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇ャや ン∠ギ∠ャ ゅ∠ワ∠ギΒあ ∠シ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠イ ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ま͡ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ ラ͡ま べ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ギ͡ワゅ∠セ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ジ∇ヘルｚ リ∠ハ ヴ͡レ∇ゎキ∠ ヱ∠ や∠ケ リ ∠ ョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ろホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ∠ プ∠ モ ∃ ら⊥ ホ⊥ リ͡ョ ｚギホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ダ ⊥ Β͡ヨホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ろよ∠ グ∠ ム∠ プ∠ ゲ∃ よ⊥ キ⊥ リ͡ョ ｚギホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ダ ⊥ Β͡ヨホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャや リ͡ョ ｚギホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ダ ∠ Β͡ヨホ∠ ン∠ぺケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ͡ョ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ リ ｚ ミ⊥ ギ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ リ ｚ ミ⊥ ギ͡ ∇Βミ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゲ∃ よ⊥ キ⊥ マ ͡ ルｚ ま͡ マ ͡ ら͡ ル∠グャ͡ ン͡ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇リハ ∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハぺ∠ ブ ⊥ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Αぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ゃト ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ͡ レ⊥ミ (25. So t hey raced wit h one anot her t o t he door, and she t ore his shirt from t he back. They bot h found her mast er (i.e. her husband) at t he door. She said: "What is t he recompense (punishment ) for him who int ended an evil design against your wife, except t hat he be put in prison or a painful t orment '') (26. He ぴYusufび said: "It was she t hat sought t o seduce me;'' and a wit ness of her household bore wit ness (saying): "If it be t hat his shirt is t orn from t he front , t hen her t ale is t rue and he is a liar!'') (27. "But if it be t hat his shirt is t orn from t he back, t hen she has t old a lie and he is speaking t he t rut h!'') (28. So when he (her husband) saw his ぴYusuf` sび shirt t orn at t he back, he (her husband) said: "Surely, it is a plot of you women! Cert ainly might y is your plot !'') (29. "O Yusuf ! Turn away from t his! (O woman!) Ask forgiveness for your sin, verily, you were of t he sinful.'') Allah says t hat Yusuf and t he wife of t he ` Aziz raced t o t he door, Yusuf running away from her and her running aft er him t o bring him back t o t he room. She caught up wit h him and held on t o his shirt from t he back, t earing it so t erribly t hat it fell off Yusuf's back. Yusuf cont inued running from her, wit h her in pursuit . However, t hey found her mast er, her husband, at t he front door. This is when she responded by deceit and evil plot s, t rying t o exonerat e herself and implicat e him, saying,

びや⇔￢ヲ⊥シ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ワほ∠よ͡ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (What is t he recompense (punishment ) for him who int ended an evil design against your wife...), in reference t o illegal sexual int ercourse,

び∠リイ ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ま͡ぴ (except t hat he be put in prison)

び∀ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or a painful t orment ) t orment ed severely wit h painful beat ing. Yusuf did not st and idle, but he declared t he t rut h and exonerat ed himself from t he bet rayal she accused him of,

び∠メゅ∠ホぴ (He ぴYusufび said), in t rut h and honest y,

びヴ͡ジ∇ヘルｚ リ∠ハ ヴ͡レ∇ゎキ∠ ヱ∠ や∠ケ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ぴ (It was she t hat sought t o seduce me), and ment ioned t hat she pursued him and pulled him t owards her unt il she t ore his shirt .

リ͡ョ ｚギホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ダ ⊥ Β͡ヨホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ギ͡ワゅ∠セ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∃モら⊥ ホ⊥ (And a wit ness of her household bore wit ness (saying): "If it be t hat his shirt is t orn from t he front ...''), not from t he back,

び∇ろ∠ホ∠ギ∠ダ∠プぴ (t hen her t ale is t rue) t hat he t ried t o commit an illegal sexual act wit h her. Had he called her t o have sex wit h him and she refused, she would have pushed him away from her and t ore his shirt from t he front ,

リ͡ョ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ろよ∠ グ∠ ム∠ プ∠ ゲ∃ よ⊥ キ⊥ リ͡ョ ｚギホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ダ ⊥ Β͡ヨホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや (But if it be t hat his shirt is t orn from t he back, t hen she has t old a lie and he is speaking t he t rut h!) Had Yusuf run away from her, and t his is what t ruly happened, and she set in his pursuit , she would have held t o his shirt from t he back t o bring him back t o her, t hus t earing his shirt from t he back. There is a difference of opinion over t he age and gender of t he wit ness ment ioned here. ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

びべ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ギ͡ワゅ∠セ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and a wit ness of her household bore wit ness) "was a bearded man,'' meaning an adult male. At h-Thawri report ed t hat Jabir said t hat Ibn Abi Mulaykah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "He was from t he king's ent ourage.'' Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, As-Suddi, Muhammad bin Ishaq and ot hers also said t hat t he wit ness was an adult male. Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about Allah's st at ement ,

びべ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ギ͡ワゅ∠セ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and a wit ness of her household bore wit ness) "He was a babe in t he cradle. '' Similar was report ed from Abu Hurayrah, Hilal bin Yasaf, Al-Hasan, Sa` id bin Jubayr and Ad-Dahhak bin Muzahim, t hat t he wit ness was a young boy who lived in t he ` Aziz's house. Ibn Jarir At -Tabari preferred t his view. Allah's st at ement ,

び∃ゲよ⊥ キ⊥ リ͡ョ ｚギホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ダ ∠ Β͡ヨホ∠ ン∠ぺケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (So when he saw his ぴYusuf'sび shirt t orn at t he back,) indicat es t hat when her husband became cert ain t hat Yusuf was t elling t he t rut h and t hat his wife was lying when she heralded t he accusat ion of bet rayal at Yusuf,

びｚリミ⊥ ギ͡ ∇Βミ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (he said: "Surely, it is a plot of you women!...'') He said, ` This false accusat ion and st aining t he young man's reput at ion is but a plot of many t hat you, women, have,'

び∀ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ リ ｚ ミ⊥ ギ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Cert ainly might y is your plot !) The ` Aziz ordered Yusuf, peace be upon him, t o be discret e about what happened,

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇リハ ∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハぺ∠ ブ ⊥ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Αぴ (O Yusuf ! Turn away from t his!), do not ment ion t o anyone what has happened,

び͡マら͡ ル∠グャ͡ ン͡ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ (And ask forgiveness for your sin, ) addressing his wife. The ` Aziz was an easy man, or gave excuse t o his wife because she saw in Yusuf an appeal she could not resist . He said t o her, ` Ask forgiveness for your sin, t he evil desire t hat you want ed t o sat isfy wit h t his young man, and t hen invent ing false accusat ions about him,'

び∠リΒ͡ゃト ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ͡ レ⊥ミ マ ͡ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (verily, you were of t he sinful.)

キ⊥ ヱ͡ や∠ゲゎ⊥ ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや れ ⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ り∀ ヲ∠ ∇ジル͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ワや∠ゲレ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ゅ６らェ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヘ∠ ピ∠ セ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘルｚ リ∠ハ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠わプ∠ ∇ろヤ∠シ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ リ ｚ ワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ムヨ∠ よ͡ ∇ろバ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ り∃ ギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ ｚモミ⊥ ∇ろゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃム∠ わｚ ョ⊥ ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇れギ∠ わ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇カや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ⇔レΒあムシ ͡ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ∇レョｚ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ス ∠ ゅ∠ェ リ ∠ ∇ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇バト ｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ∇ゲら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ｚリム⊥ ャ͡グ∠プ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ - ∀ユΑ͡ゲ∠ミ マ ∀ ヤ∠ョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ や⇔ゲゼ ∠ よ∠ ユ∠ ダ ∠ ∇バわ∠ シ ∠ ゅ∠プ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘルｚ リ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ぁゎキ∠ヱや∠ケ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ヴ͡レレｚ わ⊥ ∇ヨャ⊥ リあョ ゅ⇔ルヲ⊥ム∠Β∠ャ∠ヱ リ ｚ レ∠ イ ∠ ∇ジΒ⊥ ャ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ や∠￢ べ∠ョ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ͡ゃャ∠ヱ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ょ ぁ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇イあジャや ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲピ͡ ⇒ｚダャや ょ ⊥ ∇タぺ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ギ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヴあレハ ∠ ∇フゲ͡ ∇ダゎ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡レル∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ リ⊥ミぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ び ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ギ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ フ ∠ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ プ∠ (30. And women in t he cit y said: "The wife of t he ` Aziz is seeking t o seduce her (slave) young man, indeed she loves him violent ly; verily, we see her in plain error.'') (31. So when she heard of t heir accusat ion, she sent for t hem and prepared a banquet for t hem; she gave each one of t hem a knife, and she said ぴt o Yusufび: "Come out before t hem.'' Then, when t hey saw him, t hey exalt ed him (at his beaut y) and (in t heir ast onishment ) cut t heir hands. They said: "How perfect is Allah! No man is t his! This is none ot her t han a noble angel!'') (32. She said: "This is he (t he young man) about whom you did blame me, and I did seek t o seduce him, but he refused. And now if he refuses t o obey my order, he shall cert ainly be cast int o prison, and will be one of t hose who are disgraced.'') (33. He said: "O my Lord! Prison is dearer t o me t han t hat t o which t hey invit e me. Unless You t urn away t heir plot from me, I will feel inclined t owards

t hem and be one of t he ignorant .'') (34. So his Lord answered his invocat ion and t urned away from him t heir plot . Verily, He is t he All-Hearer, t he All-Knower.)

The News reaches Women in the City, Who also plot against Yusuf Allah st at es t hat t he news of what happened bet ween t he wife of t he ` Aziz and Yusuf spread in t he cit y, t hat is, Egypt , and people t alked about it ,

び͡るレ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ り∀ ヲ∠ ∇ジル͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And women in t he cit y said...), such as women of chiefs and princes said, while admonishing and crit icizing t he wife of t he ` Aziz,

び͡ヮ͡ジ∇ヘルｚ リ∠ハ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠わプ∠ キ⊥ ヱ͡ や∠ゲゎ⊥ ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや れ ⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョやぴ (The wife of t he ` Aziz is seeking t o seduce her (slave) young man,), she is luring her servant t o have sex wit h her,

びゅ６らェ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヘ∠ ピ∠ セ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (indeed she loves him violent ly;), her love for him filled her heart and engulfed it ,

び∃リΒ͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ワや∠ゲレ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (verily, we see her in plain error.), by loving him and t rying t o seduce him.

びｚリワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ムヨ∠ よ͡ ∇ろバ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (So when she heard of t heir accusat ion,) especially t heir st at ement , "indeed she loves him violent ly.'' Muhammad bin Ishaq comment ed, "They heard of Yusuf's beaut y and want ed t o see him, so t hey said t hese words in order t o get a look at him. '' This is when,

びｚリヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ろヤ∠シ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ぴ (she sent for t hem), invit ed t hem t o her house,

びゅ⇔ゃム∠ わｚ ョ⊥ ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇れギ∠ わ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and prepared a banquet for t hem.) Ibn ` Abbas, Sa'id bin Jubayr, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan, As-Suddi and several ot hers comment ed t hat she prepared a sit t ing room which had couches, pillows ぴt o recline onび and food t hat requires knives t o cut , such as cit ron. This is why Allah said next ,

びゅ⇔レΒあムシ ͡ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ∇レョｚ り∃ ギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ ｚモミ⊥ ∇ろゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (and she gave each one of t hem a knife), as a part of her plan of revenge for t heir plot t o see Yusuf,

びｚリヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇カや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (and she said ぴt o Yusufび: "Come out before t hem.''), for she had asked him t o st ay somewhere else in t he house,

びべｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then, when) he went out and,

び⊥ヮル∠ ∇ゲら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぴ (t hey saw him, t hey exalt ed him) t hey t hought highly of him and were ast onished at what t hey saw. They st art ed cut t ing t heir hands in amazement at his beaut y, while t hinking t hat t hey were cut t ing t he cit ron wit h t heir knives. Therefore, t hey inj ured t heir hands wit h t he knives t hey were holding, according t o several report s of Tafsir. Ot hers said t hat aft er t hey at e and felt comfort able, and aft er having placed cit ron in front of t hem, giving each one of t hem a knife, t he wife of t he ` Aziz asked t hem, "Would you like t o see Yusuf'' They said, "Yes.'' So she sent for him t o come in front of t hem and when t hey saw him, t hey st art ed cut t ing t heir hands. She ordered him t o keep coming and going, so t hat t hey saw him from all sides, and he went back in while t hey were st ill cut t ing t heir hands. When t hey felt t he pain, t hey st art ed screaming and she said t o t hem, "You did all t his from one look at him, so how can I be blamed

マ ∀ ヤ∠ョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ や⇔ゲゼ ∠ よ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ス ∠ ゅ∠ェ リ ∠ ∇ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び∀ユΑ͡ゲミ∠ (They said: "How perfect is Allah! No man is t his! This is none ot her said t o her, "We do not blame you anymore aft er t he sight t hat anyone like Yusuf before, for he, peace be upon him, was given half Hadit h st at ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah passed by Prophet Yusuf, t he t hird heaven and comment ed,

t han a noble angel!'') They we saw.'' They never saw of all beaut y. An aut hent ic during t he Night of Isra' in

«リ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇トセ ∠ ヶ ∠ト ͡ ∇ハぺ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ » (He was given a half of all beaut y.) Muj ahid and ot hers said ぴt hey saidび: "We seek refuge from Allah,''

びや⇔ゲゼ ∠ よ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ョぴ (No man is t his!) They said next ,

ヴレ͡ ｚレわ⊥ ∇ヨャ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ｚリム⊥ ャ͡グ∠プ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ボヨ∀ Α͡ゲミ∠ マ ∀ ヤ∠ョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ぴ び͡ヮΒ͡プ ("This is none ot her t han a noble angel!'' She said: "This is he (t he young man) about whom you did blame me...'') She said t hese words t o t hem so t hat t hey excuse her behavior, for a man who looks t his beaut iful and perfect , is wort hy of being loved, she t hought . She said,

び∠ユダ ∠ ∇バわ∠ シ ∠ ゅ∠プ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘルｚ リ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ぁゎキ∠ヱや∠ケ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and I did seek t o seduce him, but he refused) t o obey me. Some scholars said t hat when t he women saw Yusuf's beaut y, she t old t hem about his inner beaut y t hat t hey did not know of, being chast e and beaut iful from t he inside and out side. She t hen t hreat ened him,

リあョ ゅ⇔ルヲ⊥ム∠Β∠ャ∠ヱ リ ｚ レ∠ イ ∠ ∇ジΒ⊥ ャ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ や∠￢ べ∠ョ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ͡ゃ∠ャ∠ヱぴ び∠リΑ͡ゲピ͡ ⇒ｚダャや (And now if he refuses t o obey my order, he shall cert ainly be cast int o prison, and will be one of t hose who are disgraced.) This is when Prophet Yusuf sought refuge wit h Allah from t heir evil and wicked plot s,

び͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡レル∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ょ ぁ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇イあジャや ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "O my Lord! Prison is dearer t o me t han t hat t o which t hey invit e me...'') illegal sexual act s,

びｚリヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ょ ⊥ ∇タぺ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ギ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヴあレハ ∠ ∇フゲ͡ ∇ダゎ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (Unless You t urn away t heir plot from me, I will feel inclined t owards t hem) Yusuf invoked Allah: If You abandon me and I am reliant on myself, t hen I have no power over myself, nor can I bring harm or benefit t o myself, except wit h Your power and will. Verily, You are sought for each and everyt hing, and our t ot al reliance is on You Alone for each and everyt hing. Please, do not abandon me and leave me t o rely on myself, for t hen,

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シゅ∠ヘレ∠ Β͡ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ リ⊥ミぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ょ ⊥ ∇タぺ∠ぴ び⊥ヮよぁ ケ∠ ("I will feel inclined t owards t hem and be one of t he ignorant .'' So his Lord answered his invocat ion) Yusuf, peace be upon him, was immune from error by Allah's will, and He saved him from accept ing t he advances of t he wife of t he ` Aziz'. He preferred prison, rat her t han accept her illicit call. This indicat es t he best and most perfect grade in t his case, for Yusuf was yout hful, beaut iful and full of manhood. His mast er's wife was calling him t o herself, and she was t he wife of t he ` Aziz of Egypt . She was also very beaut iful and wealt hy, as well as having a great social rank. He refused all t his and pref erred prison, for he feared Allah and hoped t o earn His reward. It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

:ヮ⊥ ぁヤニ ͡ ゅｚャま͡ モ ｚニ ͡ ゅ∠ャ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤあニ ͡ ヶ͡プ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ぁヤヌ ͡ Α⊥ る∀ バ∠ ∇らシ ∠» モ ∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶや り͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ヶ͡プ ほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ ゆ ｘ ゅ∠セヱ∠ ∩∀メキ͡ ゅ∠ハ ∀ュゅ∠ョま͡ キ∠ ヲ⊥バΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠クま͡ ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ペヤｚ∠バョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ヤホ∠ ゅ∠ホゲｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠バヨ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや ∩͡ぶや ヶ͡プ ゅｚよゅ∠エゎ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ヘ∇カほ∠プ∠ る∃ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ∠ よ͡ ベ ∠ ギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀りぺ∠ゲ∇ョや ヮ⊥ ∇わハ ∠ キ∠ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮレ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ∇ろボ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ヨセ ͡ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∩∠ぶや フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠ヨ∠ィ∠ヱ ょ ∃ ダ ͡ ∇レョ∠ れ ⊥ や∠ク «ロゅ∠レ∇Βハ ∠ ∇ろッ ∠ ゅ∠ヘプ∠ ゅ⇔Βャ͡ゅ∠カ ぶ ∠ や ゲ∠ ミ∠ ク∠ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ (Allah will give shade t o seven, on t he Day when t here will be no shade but His: A j ust ruler, a yout h who has been brought up in t he worship of Allah, a man whose heart is at t ached t o t he Masj id, from t he t ime he goes out of t he Masj id unt il he get s back t o it , t wo persons who love each ot her only for Allah's sake and t hey meet and part in Allah's cause only, a man who gives charit able gift s so secret ly t hat his left hand does not know what his right hand has given, a man who refuses t he call of a charming woman of noble birt h for illicit int ercourse wit h her and says: "I am afraid of Allah, and a person who remembers Allah in seclusion and his eyes are t hen flooded wit h t ears.'')

ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚレレ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΓや ∇やヱ⊥ ぺ∠ケ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠ギよ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ びリ ∃ Β͡ェ

(35. Then it occurred t o t hem, aft er t hey had seen t he proofs (of his innocence), t o imprison him for a t ime.)

Yusuf is imprisoned without Justification Allah says, ` Then it occurred t o t hem t hat it would be in t heir int erest t o imprison Yusuf for a t ime, even aft er t hey were convinced of his innocence and saw t he proofs of his t rut h, honest y and chast it y.' It appears, and Allah knows best , t hat t hey imprisoned him aft er t he news of what happened spread. They want ed t o pret end t hat Yusuf was t he one who t ried t o seduce t he ` Aziz's wife and t hat t hey punished him wit h imprisonment . This is why when t he Pharaoh asked Yusuf t o leave j ail a long t ime aft erwards, he refused t o leave unt il his innocence was acert ained and t he allegat ion of his bet rayal was refut ed. When t his was successfully achieved, Yusuf left t he prison wit h his honor int act , peace be upon him.

ヴあルま͡ べ∠ヨワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ゅ∠Βわ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ ∇イジ あ ャや ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ͡ルや∠ケぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ゲ⊥ カ ∠ Γや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ヨカ ∠ ゲ⊥ ダ ͡ ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡ルや∠ケぺ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ゃらあ ル∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ⊥ ∇Βｚトャや モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ や⇔ゴ∇らカ ⊥ ヴ͡シ∇ぺケ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ェぺ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ポ ∠ や∠ゲル∠ ゅｚル͡ま ヮ͡ ヤ͡Α͡ヱ∇ほわ∠ よ͡ (36. And t here ent ered wit h him t wo young men in t he prison. One of t hem said: "Verily, I saw myself (in a dream) pressing wine.'' The ot her said: "Verily, I saw myself (in a dream) carrying bread on my head and birds were eat ing t hereof.'' (They said): "Inform us of t he int erpret at ion of t his. Verily, we t hink you are one of t he doers of good.'')

Two Jail Mates ask Yusuf to interpret their Dreams Qat adah said, "One of t hem was t he king's dist iller and t he ot her was his baker.'' Each of t hese t wo men had a dream and asked Yusuf t o int erpret it for t hem.

ヮ͡ ヤ͡Α͡ヱ∇ほわ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ほらｚ ル∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠ホコ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∀ュゅ∠バデ ∠ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほ∠Α Ι ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ヴあルま͡ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ͡レヨ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ る∠ ヤｚョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヵ͡￢べ∠よや∠￢ る∠ ヤｚョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇バら∠ ｚゎや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼルぁ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レ∠ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠

リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ャ͡ク びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ (37. He said: "No food will come t o you as your provision, but I will inform it s int erpret at ion before it comes. This is of t hat which my Lord has t aught me. Verily, I have abandoned t he religion of a people t hat believe not in Allah and are disbelievers in t he Hereaft er.'') (38. "And I have followed t he religion of my fat hers, - Ibrahim, Ishaq and Ya'qub and never could we at t ribut e any part ners what soever t o Allah. This is from t he grace of Allah t o us and t o mankind, but most men t hank not .)

Yusuf calls His Jail Mates to Tawhid even before He interprets Their Dreams Yusuf, peace be upon him, t old t he t wo men t hat he has knowledge in t he int erpret at ion of what ever t hey saw in t heir dream, and t hat he will t ell t hem about t he int erpret at ion of t he dreams before t hey become a realit y. This is why he said,

び͡ヮヤ͡Α͡ヱ∇ほわ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ほらｚ ル∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠ホコ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∀ュゅ∠バデ ∠ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ (No food will come t o you as your provision, but I will inform you of it s int erpret at ion) Muj ahid comment ed,

び͡ヮル͡ ゅ∠ホコ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∀ュゅ∠バデ ∠ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ (No food will come t o you as your provision,) t his day,

びゅ∠ヨム⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡Α͡ヱ∇ほわ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ほらｚ ル∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (but I will inform you of it s int erpret at ion before it comes.) As-Suddi said similarly. Yusuf said t hat , t his knowledge is from Allah Who t aught it t o me, because I shunned t he religion of t hose who disbelieve in Him and t he Last Day, who neit her hope for Allah's reward nor fear His punishment on t he Day of Ret urn,

び∠ゆヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヵ͡￢べ∠よや∠￢ る∠ ヤｚョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇バら∠ ｚゎや∠ヱぴ (And I have followed t he religion of my fat hers, - Ibrahim, Ishaq and Ya` qub) Yusuf said, ` I have avoided t he way of disbelief and polyt heism, and followed t he way of t hese honorable Messengers,' may Allah's peace and blessings be on t hem. This, indeed, is t he way of he who seeks t he pat h of guidance and follows t he way of t he Messengers, all t he while shunning t he pat h of deviat ion. It is he whose heart Allah will guide, t eaching him what he did not know beforehand. It is he whom Allah will make an Imam who is imit at ed in t he way of right eousness, and a caller t o t he pat h of goodness. Yusuf said next ,

リ͡ョ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼルぁ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レ∠ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ び͡サゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ∇ツプ∠ (and never could we at t ribut e any part ners what soever t o Allah. This is from t he grace of Allah t o us and t o mankind,) t his Tawhid -Monot heism-, affirming t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah alone wit hout part ners,

びゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョぴ (is from t he grace of Allah t o us), He has revealed it t o us and ordained it on us,

び͡サゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (and t o mankind,), t o whom He has sent us as callers t o Tawhid,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but most men t hank not .) t hey do not admit Allah's favor and blessing of sending t he Messengers t o t hem, but rat her,

ケ∠ や∠キ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲぁヤェ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャギｚ よ∠ ぴ び͡ケや∠ヲら∠ ∇ャや (Have changed t he blessings of Allah int o disbelief, and caused t heir people t o dwell in t he house of dest ruct ion.) ぴ14:28び

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ュ͡ ぺ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホゲあ ヘ∠ わｚ ョぁ ∀ゆゅ∠よ∇ケ∠ぺ∠￢ リ ͡ ∇イジ あ ャや ヴ ͡ ら∠ ェ ͡ ゅ∠ダΑぴ ￢⇔ べ∠ヨ∇シぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ - ケ⊥ ゅｚヰボ∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ ェ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べｚョ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ワヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βｚヨシ ∠ ロ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ Ι ｚ ま͡ ユ⊥ ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ͡ ま͡ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ユ⊥ あΒボ∠ ∇ャや リ ⊥ Αあギャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク

(39. "O t wo companions of t he prison! Are many different lords (gods) bet t er or Allah, t he One, t he Irresist ible'') (40. "You do not worship besides Him but only names which you have named (forged) - you and your fat hers - for which Allah has sent down no aut horit y. The command is for none but Allah. He has commanded t hat you worship none but Him; t hat is t he st raight religion, but most men know not .'') Prophet Yusuf went on calling his t wo prison companions t o worship Allah alone, wit hout part ners, and t o rej ect what ever is being worshipped inst ead of Him like t he idols, which were worshipped by t he people of t he t wo men, Yusuf said,

び⊥ケゅｚヰボ∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ ェ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ュ͡ ぺ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホゲあ ヘ∠ わｚ ョぁ ∀ゆゅ∠よ∇ケ∠ぺ∠￢ぴ (Are many different lords (gods) bet t er or Allah, t he One, t he Irresist ible) t o Whose grace and infinit e kingdom everyt hing and everyone has submit t ed in humiliat ion. Prophet Yusuf explained t o t hem next t hat it is because of t heir ignorance t hat t hey worship false deit ies and give t hem names, for t hese names were forged and are being t ransferred from one generat ion t o t he next generat ion. They have no proof or aut horit y t hat support s t his pract ice, hence his st at ement t o t hem,

び∃リ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べｚョぴ (for which Allah has sent down no aut horit y) or proof and evidence. He t hen affirmed t hat t he j udgement , decision, will and kingdom are all for Allah alone, and He has commanded all of His servant s t o worship none but Him. He said,

び⊥ユΒあ ボ∠ ∇ャや リ ⊥ Αあギャや マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (t hat is t he st raight religion,) ` t his, Tawhid of Allah and direct ing all act s of worship at Him alone in sincerit y, t hat I am calling you t o is t he right , st raight religion t hat Allah has ordained and for which He has revealed what He wills of proofs and evidences,'

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but most men know not .), and t his is why most of t hem are idolat ors,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ ろ ∠ ∇タゲ∠ ェ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And most of mankind will not believe even if you eagerly desire it .) ぴ12:103び When Yusuf finished calling t hem, he st art ed int erpret ing t heir dreams for t hem,

や⇔ゲ∇ヨカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ヴ͡ボ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ べｚョ∠ぺ リ ͡ ∇イジ あ ャや ヴ ͡ ら∠ ェ ͡ ゅ∠ダΑぴ ヮ͡ シ ͡ ∇ぺケｚ リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ ∇Βト ｚ ャや モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほわ∠ プ∠ ょ ⊥ ヤ∠∇ダΒ⊥ プ∠ ゲ⊥ カ ∠Ι ｘ や ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ びラ ͡ ゅ∠Βわ͡ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ン͡グャｚや ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘやヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥

(41. "O t wo companions of t he prison! As for one of you, he will pour out wine for his mast er t o drink; and as for t he ot her, he will be crucified and birds will eat from his head. Thus is t he case j udged concerning which you bot h did inquire.'')

The Interpretation of the Dreams Yusuf said,

びや⇔ゲ∇ヨカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ヴ͡ボ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ べｚョぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇イジ あ ャや ヴ ͡ ら∠ ェ ͡ ゅ∠ダΑぴ (O t wo companions of t he prison! As for one of you, he will pour out wine for his mast er t o drink;) t o t he man who saw in a dream t hat he was pressing wine. He did not direct t his speech at him, however, so t hat t o lessen t he grief of t he ot her person. This is why he made his st at ement indirect ,

び͡ヮシ ͡ ∇ぺケｚ リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ ∇Βｚトャや モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほわ∠ プ∠ ょ ⊥ ヤ∠∇ダΒ⊥ プ∠ ゲ⊥ カ ∠Ι ｘ や ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and as for t he ot her, he will be crucified and birds will eat from his head.) which is t he int erpret at ion of t he ot her man's dream in which he saw himself carrying bread above his head. Yusuf t old t hem t hat t he decision about t heir mat t er has already been t aken and it shall come t o pass. This is because t he dream is t ied t o a bird's leg, as long as it is not t rut hfully int erpret ed. If it is int erpret ed, t hen it becomes a realit y. At h-Thawri said t hat ` Imarah bin AlQa` qa` narrat ed t hat Ibrahim said t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "When t hey said what t hey said t o him, and he explained t heir dreams t o t hem, t hey replied, ` We did not see anyt hing at all.' This is when he said,

び͡ラゅ∠Βわ͡ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ン͡グャｚや ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘやヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ (Thus is t he case j udged concerning which you bot h did inquire.)'' The underst anding in t his is t hat he who claims t hat he saw a dream and was given it s int erpret at ion, t hen he will be t ied t o it s int erpret at ion, and Allah has t he best knowledge. There is an honorable Hadit h t hat Imam Ahmad collect ed from Mu` awiyah bin Haydah t hat t he Prophet said,

や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∇ゲら∠ ∇バゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゲ∃ も͡ ゅ∠デ モ ͡ ∇ィケ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠Α∇ぼゲぁ ャや» «ろ∠バホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇れゲ∠ ら͡ ハ ⊥ (The dream is t ied t o a bird's leg, as long as it is not int erpret ed. If it is int erpret ed, it becomes a realit y.)

ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヴ͡ル∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ァ ∃ ゅ∠ル ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ リ ｚニ ∠ ン͡グヤｚャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ リ ͡ ∇イジ あ ャや ヴ͡プ ゑ ∠ ら͡ ヤ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ミク͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ロ⊥ ゅ∠ジ∇ルほ∠プ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡レシ ͡ ノ∠ ∇ツよ͡ (42. And he said t o t he one whom he knew t o be saved: "Ment ion me t o your king.'' But Shayt an made him forget t o ment ion it t o his mast er. So ぴYusufび st ayed in prison a few (more) years.)

Yusuf asks the King's Distiller to mention Him to the King Yusuf knew t hat t he dist iller would be saved. So discret ely, so t hat t he ot her man's suspicion t hat he would be crucified would not int ensify, he said,

び∠マよあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヴ͡ル∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クやぴ (Ment ion me t o your King.) asking him t o ment ion his st ory t o t he king. That man forgot Yusuf's request and did not ment ion his st ory t o t he king, a plot from t he devil, so t hat Allah's Prophet would not leave t he prison. This is t he correct meaning of,

び͡ヮよあ ケ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ミク͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ロ⊥ ゅ∠ジ∇ルほ∠プ∠ ぴ (But Shayt an made him forget t o ment ion it t o his mast er.) t hat it refers t o t he man who was saved. As was said by Muj ahid, Muhammad bin Ishaq and several ot hers. As for, ` a few years', or, Bida` in Arabic, it means bet ween t hree and nine, according t o Muj ahid and Qat adah. Wahb bin Munabbih said, "Ayyub suffered from t he illness for seven years, Yusuf remained in prison for seven years and Bukht anassar (Nebuchadnezzar - Chaldean king of Babylon) was t orment ed for seven years.''

ｚリヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ヨシ ͡ れ ∃ ゲ∠ ボ∠ よ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ン∠ケぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ マ ⊥ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ジよ͡ ゅ∠Α ゲ∠ カ ∠ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ツカ ⊥ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ヤら⊥ ∇レシ ⊥ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀フゅ∠イ͡ハ ∀ノ∇ら∠シ ゅ∠Α∇ぼゲぁ ヤ͡ャ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ヴ ∠ ⇒∠Α∇ぼケ⊥ ヴ͡プ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥わ∇プぺ∠ Ζ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ モ ͡ Α͡ヱ∇ほわ∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ユ∃ ⇒∠ヤ∇ェぺ∠ ゑ ⊥ ⇒∠ピ∇ッぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゲ∠ ミ∠ キｚ や∠ヱ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠イル∠ ン͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠バよ͡ ユ͡ ⇒∠ヤ∇ェΙ ｘや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ブ ⊥ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤシ ͡ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡Α͡ヱ∇ほわ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらル∠ ぺ⊥ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠

∀ノ∇ら∠シ ｚリヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ヨシ ͡ れ ∃ ゲ∠ ボ∠ よ∠ ノ͡ ∇らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レわ͡ ∇プぺ∠ ペ ⊥ Αあギダ あ ャや ろ ∃ ⇒∠ジら͡ ⇒∠Α ゲ∠ カ ∠ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ツカ ⊥ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ヤら⊥ レシ ⊥ ノ͡ ∇らシ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀フゅ∠イ͡ハ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ノ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ヴあヤ∠バャｚ ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ プ∠ ∇ユゎぁ ギ∠ダェ ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ゅ⇔よぺ∠キ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レシ ͡ ノ⊥ ∇らシ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハケ∠ ∇ゴゎ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅｚヨョあ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡ら⊥ レ⊥シ ゅｚヨョあ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ョギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∀キや∠ギセ ͡ ∀ノ∇ら∠シ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ゐ ⊥ ゅ∠ピΑ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∀ュゅ∠ハ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レダ ͡ ∇エゎ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プヱ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや (43. And t he king (of Egypt ) said: "Verily, I saw (in a dream) seven fat cows, whom seven lean ones were devouring, and seven green ears of corn, and (seven) ot hers dry. O not ables! Explain t o me my dream, if it be t hat you can int erpret dreams.'' (44. They said: "Mixed up false dreams and we are not skilled in t he int erpret at ion of dreams.'') o(45. Then t he man who was released, now at lengt h remembered and said: "I will t ell you it s int erpret at ion, so send me fort h.'') (46. (He said): "O Yusuf, t he man of t rut h! Explain t o us seven fat cows whom seven lean ones were devouring, and seven green ears of corn, and (seven) ot hers dry, t hat I may ret urn t o t he people, and t hat t hey may know.'') (47. ぴYusufび said: "For seven consecut ive years, you shall sow as usual and t hat which you reap you shall leave it in t he ears, (all) except a lit t le of it which you may eat .'') (48. "Then will come aft er t hat , seven hard (years), which will devour what you have laid by in advance for t hem, (all) except a lit t le of t hat which you have guarded (st ored).'') (49. "Then t hereaft er will come a year in which people will have abundant rain and in which t hey will press (wine and oil).'')

The Dream of the King of Egypt The King of Egypt had a dream t hat Allah t he Exalt ed made a reason for Yusuf's release from prison, wit h his honor and reput at ion preserved. When t he king had t his dream, he was ast onished and fearful and sought it s int erpret at ion. He gat hered t he priest s, t he chiefs of his st at e and t he princes and t old t hem what he had seen in a dream, asking t hem t o int erpret it for him. They did not know it s int erpret at ion and as an excuse, t hey said,

び∃ユ⇒∠ヤ∇ェぺ∠ ゑ ⊥ ⇒∠ピ∇ッぺ∠ぴ (Mixed up false dreams), which you saw,

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠バよ͡ ユ͡ ⇒∠ヤ∇ェΙ ｘやモ ͡ Α͡ヱ∇ほわ∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(and we are not skilled in t he int erpret at ion of dreams.) They said, had your dream been a vision rat her t han a mixed up false dream, we would not have known it s int erpret at ion. The man who was saved from t he t wo, who were Yusuf's companions in prison, remembered. Shayt an plot t ed t o make him forget t he request of Yusuf, t o ment ion his st ory t o t he king. Now, years lat er, he remembered aft er forget fulness and said t o t he king and his ent ourage,

び͡ヮヤ͡Α͡ヱ∇ほわ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらル∠ ぺ⊥ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ぴ (I will t ell you it s int erpret at ion,) he int erpret at ion of t his dream,

び͡ラヲ⊥ヤシ ͡ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ぴ (so send me fort h.) t o t he prison, t o Yusuf, t he man of t rut h. So t hey sent him, and he said t o Yusuf,

びゅ∠レわ͡ ∇プぺ∠ ペ ⊥ Αギあ ダ あ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ブ ⊥ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Αぴ (O Yusuf, t he man of t rut h! Explain t o us..) and ment ioned t he king's dream t o him.

Yusuf's Interpretation of the King's Dream This is when Yusuf, peace be upon him, t old t he int erpret at ion of t he dream, wit hout crit icizing t he man for forget t ing his request t hat he had made t o him. Neit her did he make a precondit ion t hat he be released before explaining t he meaning. Rat her, he said,

びゅ⇔よぺ∠キ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レシ ͡ ノ⊥ ∇らシ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハケ∠ ∇ゴゎ∠ ぴ (For seven consecut ive years, you shall sow as usual) ` you will receive t he usual amount of rain and fert ilit y for seven consecut ive years.' He int erpret ed t he cows t o be years, because cows t ill t he land t hat produce fruit s and veget ables, which represent t he green ears of corn in t he dream. He next recommended what t hey should do during t hese fert ile years,

ゅｚヨョあ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡ら⊥ レ⊥シ ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ プ∠ ∇ユゎぁ ギ∠ダェ ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ (and t hat (t he harvest ) which you reap you shall leave it in t he ears, (all) except a lit t le of it which you may eat .) He said, ` What ever you harvest during t hose seven fert ile years, leave it in t he ears so as t o preserve it bet t er. This will help t he harvest st ay healt hy longer, except t he amount t hat you need t o eat , which should not be subst ant ial. St ay away from ext ravagance, so t hat you use what remains of t he harvest during t he seven years of drought t hat will follow t he seven fert ile years.' This was represent ed by t he seven lean cows t hat eat t he seven fat cows. During t he seven years of drought , t hey will eat from t he harvest t hey collect ed during t he seven fert ile years, as represent ed by t he dry ears of corn in t he dream. Yusuf t old t hem

t hat during t hese years, t he remaining ears will not produce anyt hing and what ever t hey t ry t o plant , will not produce any harvest , so he said,

び∠ラヲ⊥レダ ͡ ∇エゎ⊥ ゅｚヨョあ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ョギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ぴ (which will devour what you have laid by in advance for t hem, (all) except a lit t le of t hat which you have guarded (st ored).) He delivered t he good news t o t hem t hat aft er t he consecut ive years of drought , t here will come a fert ile year, during which people will receive rain and t he land will produce in abundance. The people will t hen press wine and oil as usual.

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ロ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥わ∇もや マ ⊥ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ヴ͡わ⇒ｚャや り͡ ヲ∠ ∇ジレあ ャや メ ⊥ ゅ∠よ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ∇ャほ∠∇シゅ∠プ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ノィ ͡ ∇ケや ゅ∠ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ リ ｚ ワ͡ ギ͡ ∇Βム∠ よ͡ ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇バト ｚ ホ∠ ス ∠ ゅ∠ェ リ ∠ ∇ヤホ⊥ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘルｚ リ∠ハ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ｚリゎ⊥ キ∠ヱや∠ケ ∇クま͡ ｚリム⊥ ら⊥ ∇トカ ∠ ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや れ ⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホ ￢∃ ヲ⊥シ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘルｚ リ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ゎぁ ∇キヱ∠ ケ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ゾ ∠ エ ∠ ∇ダェ ∠ リ ∠ ャ∠や ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ∇レカ ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヴあルぺ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ ￢⊥ ンあゲよ∠ ぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レゃ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ユ∠ ェ ͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢͡ ヲぁジャゅ͡よ ∀り∠ケゅｚョ∠Ε ザ ∠ ∇ヘレｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ (50. And t he king said: "Bring him t o me.'' But when t he messenger came t o him, ぴYusufび said: "Ret urn t o your king and ask him, ` What happened t o t he women who cut t heir hands Surely, my Lord (Allah) is Well-Aware of t heir plot .''') (51. (The king) said (t o t he women): "What was your affair when you did seek t o seduce Yusuf'' The women said: "Allah forbid! No evil know we against him!'' The wife of t he ` Aziz said: "Now t he t rut h is manifest (t o all); it was I who sought t o seduce him, and he is surely of t he t rut hful. '') (52. ぴThen Yusuf said: "I asked for t his inquiryび in order t hat he may know t hat I bet rayed him not in (his) absence.'' And, verily, Allah guides not t he plot of t he bet rayers.) (53. "And I free not myself (from t he blame). Verily, t he self is inclined t o evil, except when my Lord best ows His mercy (upon whom He wills). Verily, my Lord is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.'')

The King investigates what happened between the Wife of the ` Aziz, the Women in the City, and Yusuf Allah narrat es t o us t hat when t he king was conveyed t he int erpret at ion of his dream, he liked Yusuf's int erpret at ion and felt sure t hat it was t rue. He realized t he virt ue of Prophet Yusuf, recognized his knowledge in t he int erpret at ion of dreams and valued his good conduct wit h his subj ect s in his count ry. The king said,

び͡ヮよ͡ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥わ∇もやぴ (Bring him t o me.) ` Release him from prison and bring him t o me.' When t he king's emissary came t o Yusuf and conveyed t he news of his imminent release, Yusuf refused t o leave t he prison unt il t he king and his subj ect s declare his innocence and t he int egrit y of his honor, denouncing t he false accusat ion t hat t he wife of t he ` Aziz made against him. He want ed t hem t o know t hat sending him t o prison was an act of inj ust ice and aggression, not t hat he commit t ed an offense t hat warrant ed it . He said,

び∠マよあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ノィ ͡ ∇ケやぴ (Ret urn t o your lord (i.e. king...) The Sunnah of our Prophet praised Prophet Yusuf and assert ed his virt ues, honor, elevat ed rank and pat ience, may Allah's peace and blessings be on him. The Musnad and t he Two Sahihs recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«メゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ∇リョ͡ マ あゼ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ペ ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ » (We are more liable t o be in doubt t han Ibrahim when he said,)

びヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇エゎ⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヴ͡ルケ͡ ぺ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ (My Lord! Show me how You give life t o t he dead. ..)

リ ∃ ∇ミケ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヵ͡ヱ∇ほΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ゅ⇔デヲ⊥ャ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ » ブ ⊥ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ゑ ∠ ら͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ͡ ∇イジ あ ャや ヶ͡プ ろ ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∃ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ «ヶ͡ハやｚギャや ろ ⊥ ∇らィ ∠ ほ∠ャ∠ (And may Allah send His mercy on Lut ! He wished t o have powerful support ! If I were t o st ay in prison for such a long t ime as Yusuf did, I would have accept ed t he offer.) In anot her narrat ion collect ed by Ahmad from Abu Hurayrah, t he Prophet said about Yusuf's st at ement ,

ラ ｚ ま͡ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇バト ｚ ホ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒ｚャや り͡ ヲ∠ ∇ジレあ ャや メ ⊥ ゅ∠よ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ∇ャほ∠∇シゅ∠プぴ び∀ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ リ ｚ ワ͡ ギ͡ ∇Βム∠ よ͡ ヴあよケ∠ ("...and ask him, ` What happened t o t he women who cut t heir hands Surely, my Lord (Allah) is Well-Aware of t heir plot .''')

ろ ⊥ ∇Βピ∠ わ∠ ∇よや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ る∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ィみ͡∇ャや ろ ⊥ ∇ハゲ∠ ∇シほ∠ャ∠ ∩ゅ∠ルぺ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠» «ケ∇グバ⊥ ∇ャや (If it was me, I would have accept ed t he offer rat her t han await my exonerat ion first .) Allah said (t hat t he king asked),

び͡ヮ͡ジ∇ヘルｚ リ∠ハ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ｚリゎ⊥ キ∠ヱや∠ケ ∇クま͡ ｚリム⊥ ら⊥ ∇トカ ∠ ゅ∠ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said, "What was your affair when you did seek t o seduce Yusuf'') The king gat hered t hose women who cut t heir hands, while being host ed at t he house of t he wife of t he ` Aziz. He asked t hem all, even t hough he was direct ing his speech at t he wife of his minist er, t he ` Aziz in part icular. He asked t he women who cut t heir hands,

びｚリム⊥ ら⊥ ∇トカ ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (What was your affair...), what was your st ory wit h regards t o,

び͡ヮジ ͡ ∇ヘルｚ リ∠ハ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ｚリゎ⊥ キ∠ヱや∠ケ ∇クま͡ぴ (when you did seek t o seduce Yusuf) on t he day of t he banquet

び∃￢ヲ⊥シ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ス ∠ ゅ∠ェ リ ∠ ∇ヤホ⊥ ぴ (The women said: "Allah forbid! No evil know we against him!'') The women answered t he king, ` Allah forbid t hat Yusuf be guilt y of t his, for by Allah, we never knew him t o do evil.' This is when,

びぁペエ ∠ ∇ャや ゾ ∠ エ ∠ ∇ダェ ∠ リ ∠ ャ∠や ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや れ ⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホぴ (The wife of t he ` Aziz said: "Now t he t rut h has Hashasa...'') or t he t rut h is manifest t o all, according t o Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and ot hers. Hashasa also means, ` became clear and plain',

び∠リΒ͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘルｚ リ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ゎぁ ∇キヱ∠ ケ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ぴ (it was I who sought t o seduce him, and he is surely of t he t rut hful.) when he said,

びヴ͡ジ∇ヘルｚ リ∠ハ ヴ͡レ∇ゎキ∠ ヱ∠ や∠ケ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ぴ (It was she t hat sought t o seduce me.)

び͡ょ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ∇レカ ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヴあルぺ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (in order t hat he may know t hat I bet rayed him not in (his) absence. ) She said, ` I admit t his against myself so t hat my husband knows t hat I did not bet ray him in his absence and t hat adult ery did not occur. I t ried t o seduce t his young man and he refused, and I am admit t ing t his so t hat he knows I am innocent ,'

￢⊥ ンあゲよ∠ ぺ⊥ べ∠ョヲ∠ レ∠ Β͡レゃ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ンギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びヴ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ (And, verily, Allah guides not t he plot of t he bet rayers. And I free not myself (from t he blame).) She said, ` I do not exonerat e myself from blame, because t he soul wishes and lust s, and t his is what made me seduce him,' for,

びヴあよケ∠ ユ∠ ェ ͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢͡ ヲぁジャゅ͡よ ∀りケ∠ ゅｚョΕ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ヘレｚ ャやぴ (Verily, t he (human) self is inclined t o evil, except when my Lord best ows His mercy (upon whom He wills).) whom Allah t he Exalt ed wills t o grant t hem immunit y,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, my Lord is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) This is t he most viable and suit able underst anding for t he cont inuit y of t he st ory and t he meanings of Arabic speech. Al-Mawardi ment ioned t his in his Tafsir, in support of it , it was also preferred by Imam Abu Al-` Abbas Ibn Taymiyyah who wrot e about it in det ail in a separat e work. It was said Yusuf peace be upon him is t he one who said,

び⊥ヮ∇レカ ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヴあルぺ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (in order t hat he (t he ` Aziz) may know t hat I bet rayed him not ) wit h his wife,

び͡ょ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よぴ

(in (his) absence).) unt il t he end of Ayah (53) He said, ` I sent back t he emissary, so t hat t he king would invest igat e my innocence and t he ` Aziz be cert ain t hat ,

び⊥ヮ∇レカ ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヴあル∠ぺぴ (I bet rayed him not ), wit h his wife,

び∠リΒ͡レゃ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よぴ (in (his) absence. And, verily, Allah guides not t he plot of t he bet rayers.)' This is t he only explanat ion present ed by Ibn Jarir At -Tabari and Ibn Abi Hat im, but t he first view is st ronger and more obvious because it is a cont inuat ion of what t he wife of t he ` Aziz said in t he presence of t he king. Yusuf was not present at all during t his t ime, for he was released lat er on and brought t o t he king by his order.

ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ヴ͡ジ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇ダヤ͡∇ガわ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥わ∇もや マ ⊥ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ∀リΒ͡ョぺ∠ ∀リΒ͡ムョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ルｚま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚミ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ナΒ͡ヘ∠ェ ヴあルま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ͡ も͡ へ∠ゴカ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ィや (54. And t he king said: "Bring him t o me t hat I may at t ach him t o my person.'' Then, when he spoke t o him, he said: "Verily, t his day, you are wit h us high in rank and fully t rust ed.'') (55. ぴYusufび said: "Set me over t he st orehouses of t he land; I will indeed guard t hem wit h full knowledge.'')

Yusuf's Rank with the King of Egypt Allah st at es t hat when he became aware of Yusuf 's innocence and his innocense of what he was accused of, t he king said,

びヴ͡ジ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇ダヤ͡∇ガわ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥わ∇もやぴ (Bring him t o me t hat I may at t ach him t o my person.), ` t hat I may make him among my close aids and associat es,'

び⊥ヮヨ∠ ヤｚミ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then, when he spoke t o him), when t he king spoke t o Yusuf and furt her recognized his virt ues, great abilit y, brilliance, good conduct and perfect mannerism, he said t o him,

び∀リΒョ͡ ぺ∠ ∀リΒ͡ムョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t his day, you are wit h us high in rank and fully t rust ed.) The king said t o Yusuf, ` You have assumed an exalt ed st at us wit h us and are indeed fully t rust ed.' Yusuf, peace be upon him said,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ∀ナΒ͡ヘ∠ェ ヴあルま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ͡ も͡ へ∠ゴカ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ィやぴ (Set me over t he st orehouses of t he land; I will indeed guard t hem wit h full knowledge.) Yusuf praised himself, for t his is allowed when one's abilit ies are unknown and t here is a need t o do so. He said t hat he is,

び∀ナΒ͡ヘェ ∠ぴ (Hafiz), an honest guard,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ぴ (` Alim), having knowledge and wisdom about t he j ob he is t o be ent rust ed wit h. Prophet Yusuf asked t he king t o appoint him as minist er of finance for t he land, responsible for t he harvest st orehouses, in which t hey would collect produce for t he years of drought which he t old t hem will come. He want ed t o be t he guard, so t hat he could dispense t he harvest in t he wisest , best and most beneficial way. The king accept ed Yusuf's offer, for he was eager t o draw Yusuf close t o him and t o honor him. So Allah said,

ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ぺ⊥ヲｚ ら∠ わ∠ Α∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Βャ͡ ゅｚレムｚ ョ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ノ⊥ Β͡ツル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼルｚ リ∠ョ ゅ∠レわ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ょ ⊥ Β͡ダル⊥ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ゲ⊥ ∇ィ∂Ιヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ (56. Thus did We give full aut horit y t o Yusuf in t he land, t o t ake possession t herein, when or where he likes. We best ow of Our mercy on whom We will, and We make not t o be lost t he reward of t he good doers.) (57. And verily, t he reward of t he Hereaft er is bet t er for t hose who believed and had Taqwa.) a

Yusuf's Reign in Egypt Allah said next ,

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Βャ͡ ゅｚレムｚ ョ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (Thus did We give full aut horit y t o Yusuf in t he land), in Egypt ,

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ぺ⊥ヲｚ ら∠ わ∠ Α∠ ぴ (t o t ake possession t herein, when or where he likes.) As-Suddi and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said t hat t his part of t he Ayah means, "To do what ever he want s t herein.'' Ibn Jarir at Tabari said t hat it means, "He used t o move about freely in t he land aft er being imprisoned, suffering from hardship and t he disgrace of slavery.'' Allah said next ,

ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡ツル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼルｚ リ∠ョ ゅ∠レわ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ょ ⊥ Β͡ダル⊥ ぴ び∠リΒ͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや (We best ow of Our mercy on whom We will, and We make not t o be lost t he reward of t he good doers.) Allah says here, We did not let t he pat ience of Yusuf, from t he harm his brot hers exert ed on him and being imprisoned because of t he wife of t he ` Aziz, t o be lost . Inst ead, Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored rewarded him wit h His aid and vict ory,

ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ぺ⊥ヲｚ ら∠ わ∠ Α∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Βャ͡ ゅｚレムｚ ョ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ノ⊥ Β͡ツル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼルｚ リ∠ョ ゅ∠レ͡わヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ょ ⊥ Β͡ダル⊥ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ゲ⊥ ∇ィ∂Ιヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ (And We make not t o be lost t he reward of t he good doers. And verily, t he reward of t he Hereaft er is bet t er for t hose who believed and had Taqwa.) Allah st at es t hat what He has prepared for His Prophet Yusuf, peace be upon him, in t he Hereaft er is much great er, subst ant ial and honored t han t he aut horit y He gave him in t his life. Allah said about His Prophet Sulayman (Solomon), peace be upon him,

- ゆ ∃ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ∇マジ ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リレ⊥ ∇ョゅ∠プ ゅ∠ルぼ⊥ べ∠ト∠ハ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ びゆ ∃ ゅ∠⇒ョ∠ リ ∠ ∇ジェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヘ∇ャゴ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ルギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ("This is Our gift , so spend or wit hhold, no account will be asked of you.'' And verily, for him is a near access t o Us, and a good (final) ret urn (Paradise).) ぴ38:39-40び Yusuf, peace be upon him, was appoint ed minist er of finance by Ar-Rayyan bin Al-Walid, king of Egypt at t he t ime, inst ead

of t he ` Aziz who bought him and t he husband of she who t ried t o seduce him. The king of Egypt embraced Islam at t he hands of Yusuf, peace be upon him, according t o Muj ahid.

∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ゲ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ∠ ギ∠ プ∠ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α り⊥ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥わ∇もや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ユワ͡ コ͡ ゅ∠ヰイ ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ワゴ∠ ヰｚ ィ ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム͡ レ⊥ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βム∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プヱ⊥ぺ ヴあルぺ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡よぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ォ ∃ ほ∠よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ャゴ͡ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠よぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ キ⊥ ヱ͡ ゲ∠ レ⊥ シ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ン͡ギレ͡ハ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ バ∠ ⇒∠ツよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ィや ヮ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠Β∇わヘ͡ ャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ͡ ⇒∠ヘャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥らヤ∠ボ∠ ∇ルや や∠クま͡ べ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ェケ͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ (58. And Yusuf's bret hren came and t hey ent ered unt o him, and he recognized t hem, but t hey recognized him not .) (59. And when he furnished t hem wit h t heir provisions, he said: "Bring me a brot her of yours from your fat her. See you not t hat I give full measure, and t hat I am t he best of t he host s'') (60. "But if you bring him not t o me, t here shall be no measure (of corn) for you wit h me, nor shall you come near me.'') (61. They said: "We shall t ry t o get permission (for him) from his fat her, and verily, we shall do it .'') (62. And ぴYusufび t old his servant s t o put t heir money int o t heir bags, so t hat t hey might know it when t hey go back t o t heir people; in order t hat t hey might come again.)

Yusuf's Brothers travel to Egypt As-Suddi, Muhammad bin Ishaq and several ot hers said t hat t he reason why Yusuf's brot hers went t o Egypt , is t hat aft er Yusuf became minist er of Egypt and t he seven years of abundance passed, t hen came t he seven years of drought t hat st ruck all areas of Egypt . The drought also reached t he area of Kana` an (Canaan), where Prophet Ya` qub, peace be upon him, and his children resided. Prophet Yusuf efficient ly guarded t he people's harvest and collect ed it , and what he collect ed became a great fort une for t he people. This also permit t ed Yusuf t o give gift s t o t he people who sought his aid from various areas who came t o buy food and provisions for t heir families. Yusuf would not give a family man more t han what ever a camel could carry, as annual provisions for t hem. Yusuf himself did not fill his st omach from t his food, nor did t he king and his aids eat except one meal a day. By doing so, t he people could sust ain t hemselves wit h what t hey had for t he remainder of t he seven years. Indeed, Yusuf was a mercy from Allah sent t o t he people of Egypt . Yusuf's brot hers were among t hose who came t o Egypt t o buy food supplies, by t he order of t heir fat her. They knew t hat t he ` Aziz of Egypt was selling food t o people who need it for a low price, so t hey t ook some merchandise from t heir land wit h t hem t o exchange it for food. They were t en, because Ya` qub peace be upon him kept his son and

Yusuf's brot her Binyamin wit h him. Binyamin was t he dearest of his sons t o him aft er Yusuf. When Prophet Yusuf's brot hers ent ered on him in his court and t he cent er of his aut horit y, he knew t hem t he minut e he saw t hem. However, t hey did not recognize him because t hey got rid of him when he was st ill young, and sold him t o a caravan of t ravelers while unaware of t heir dest inat ion. They could not have imagined t hat Yusuf would end up being a minist er, and t his is why t hey did not recognize him, while he did recognize t hem. As-Suddi said t hat Yusuf st art ed t alking t o his brot hers and asked t hem, "What brought you t o my land'' They said, "O, ` Aziz, we came t o buy provisions.'' He asked t hem, "You might be spies.'' They said, "Allah forbids.'' He asked t hem, "Where are you from'' They said, "From t he area of Kana` an, and our fat her is Allah's Prophet Ya` qub.'' He asked t hem, "Does he have ot her children besides you'' They said, "Yes, we were t welve brot hers. Our youngest died in t he desert , and he used t o be t he dearest t o his fat her. His full brot her is alive and his fat her kept him, so t hat his closeness compensat es him for losing our youngest brot her ぴwho diedび.'' Yusuf ordered t hat his brot hers be honored and allowed t o remain,

び∇ユワ͡ コ͡ ゅ∠ヰイ ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ワゴ∠ ヰｚ ィ ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And when he furnished t hem wit h t heir provisions,) according t o t heir needs and gave t hem what t hey want ed t o buy, he said t o t hem, "Bring me your brot her from your fat her's side whom you ment ioned, so t hat I know t hat you have t old me t he t rut h.'' He cont inued,

び∠リΒ͡ャゴ͡ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βム∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プヱ⊥ぺ ヴあルぺ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (See you not t hat I give full measure, and t hat I am t he best of t he host s) encouraging t hem t o ret urn t o him. He t hen t hreat ened t hem,

びン͡ギレ͡ハ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (But if you bring him not t o me, t here shall be no measure (of corn) for you wit h me. ) He t hreat ened t hem t hat if t he next t ime t hey come wit hout Binyamin wit h t hem, t hey will not be allowed t o buy t he food t hat t hey need,

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ン͡ギレ͡ハ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ͡ ⇒∠ヘャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠よぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ キ⊥ ヱ͡ ゲ∠ レ⊥ シ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ ("...nor shall you come near me.'' They said: "We shall t ry t o get permission (for him) from his fat her, and verily, we shall do it .'') They said, ` We will t ry our best t o bring him wit h us, so t hat we spare no effort t o prove t o you t hat we are t rut hful in what we t old you about ourselves.' Allah said,

び͡ヮル͡ ゅ∠Β∇わヘ͡ ャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And ぴYusufび t old his servant s), or his slaves,

び∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ バ∠ ⇒∠ツよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ィやぴ (t o put t heir money), or t he merchandise t hey brought wit h t hem t o exchange for food,

び∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ェケ͡ ヴ͡プぴ (int o t heir bags,), while t hey were unaware,

び∠ラヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (in order t hat t hey might come again.) It was said t hat Yusuf did t his because he feared t hat his brot hers might not have any more merchandise t hey could bring wit h t hem t o exchange for food.

モ ⊥ ∇Βム∠ ∇ャや ゅｚレ͡ョ ノ∠ レ͡ ョ⊥ ゅ∠ルゅ∠よほ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡よぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ やヲ⊥バィ ͡ ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠エャ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ∇モわ∠ ∇ムル∠ ゅ∠ルゅ∠カぺ∠ べ∠レバ∠ ョ∠ ∇モシ ͡ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ レ͡ョぺ∠ べ∠ヨミ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ョ∠ へ ∇モワ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨェ ͡ ゲ∠ ャや ユ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠ェ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャゅ∠プ (63. So, when t hey ret urned t o t heir fat her, t hey said: "O our fat her! No more measure of grain shall we get (unless we t ake our brot her). So send our brot her wit h us, and we shall get our measure and t ruly, we will guard him.'') (64. He said: "Can I ent rust him t o you except as I ent rust ed his brot her ぴYusufび t o you aforet ime But Allah is t he Best t o guard, and He is t he Most Merciful of t hose who show mercy.'')

Yusuf's Brothers ask Ya` qub's Permission to send Their Brother Binyamin with Them to Egypt Allah says t hat when t hey went back t o t heir fat her,

び⊥モ∇Βム∠ ∇ャや ゅｚレ͡ョ ノ∠ レ͡ ョ⊥ ゅ∠ルゅ∠よほ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (t hey said: "O our fat her! No more measure of grain shall we get ...'') ` aft er t his t ime, unless you send our brot her Binyamin wit h us. So send him wit h us, and we shall get our measure and we shall cert ainly guard him.' Some scholars read t his Ayah in a way t hat means, ` and he shall get his rat ion.' They said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠エャ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t ruly, we will guard him.), ` do not fear for his safet y, for he will be ret urned back t o you.' This is what t hey said t o Ya` qub about t heir brot her Yusuf,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠エャ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ∇ょバ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ノゎ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ や⇔ギ∠ビ ゅ∠レバ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ぴ び ("Send him wit h us t omorrow t o enj oy himself and play, and verily, we will t ake care of him.'') ぴ12:12び This is why Prophet Ya` qub said t o t hem,

リ͡ョ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ レ͡ョぺ∠ べ∠ヨミ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ョ∠ へ ∇モワ∠ ぴ び⊥モ∇らホ∠ (Can I ent rust him t o you except as I ent rust ed his brot her ぴYusufび t o you aforet ime) He asked t hem, ` Will you do t o him except what you did t o his brot her Yusuf before, when you t ook him away from me and separat ed me from him'

びゅ⇔ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠ェ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャゅ∠プぴ び∠リΒ͡ヨェ ͡ ゲ∠ ャや ユ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (But Allah is t he Best t o guard, and He is t he Most Merciful of t hose who show mercy.) Ya` qub said, ` Allah has t he most mercy wit h me among all t hose who show mercy, He is compassionat e wit h me for my old age, feebleness and eagerness for my son. I invoke Allah t o ret urn him t o me, and t o allow him and I t o be t oget her; for surely, He is t he Most Merciful of t hose who show mercy.'

∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇れキｚ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ バ∠ ⇒∠ツよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ⇒∠わョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エわ∠ プ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇れキｚ ケ⊥ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ∠バ⇒∠ツ͡よ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡ピ∇らル∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ルゅ∠よほ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ゲ∃ Β͡バよ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ キ⊥ や∠キ∇ゴル∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルゅ∠カぺ∠ ナ ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ゲ⊥ Β͡ヨル∠ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ ∇リャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ∀ゲΒ͡ジ∠Α ∀モ∇Β∠ミ

べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヅ ∠ ゅ∠エΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ͡レレｚ ゎ⊥ ∇ほわ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ボを͡ ∇ヲョ∠ び ∀モΒ͡ミヱ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボル∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ を͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ヲゎ∠ や∠￢ (65. And when t hey opened t heir bags, t hey found t heir money had been ret urned t o t hem. They said: "O our fat her! What (more) can we desire This, our money has been ret urned t o us; so we shall get (more) food for our family, and we shall guard our brot her and add one more measure of a camel's load. This quant it y is easy (for t he king t o give).'') (66. He ぴYa` qubび said: "I will not send him wit h you unt il you swear a solemn oat h t o me in Allah's Name, t hat you will bring him back t o me unless you are yourselves surrounded (by enemies),'' And when t hey had sworn t heir solemn oat h, he said: "Allah is t he Wit ness t o what we have said.'')

They find Their Money returned to Their Bags Allah says, when Yusuf's brot hers opened t heir bags, t hey found t heir merchandise inside t hem, for Yusuf had ordered his servant s t o ret urn it t o t heir bags. When t hey found t heir merchandise in t heir bags,

びヴ͡ピ∇らル∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ルゅ∠よほ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "O our fat her! What (more) can we desire...''), what more can we ask for,

びゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇れキｚ ケ⊥ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ∠バ⇒∠ツ͡よ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワぴ (This, our money has been ret urned t o us;) Qat adah comment ed (t hat t hey said), "What more can we ask for, our merchandise was ret urned t o us and t he ` Aziz has given us t he sufficient load we want ed'' They said next ,

びゅ∠レヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ゲ⊥ Β͡ヨル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (so we shall get (more) food for our family,), ` if you send our brot her wit h us t he next t ime we go t o buy food for our family,'

び∃ゲΒ͡バよ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ キ⊥ や∠キ∇ゴル∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルゅ∠カぺ∠ ナ ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and we shall guard our brot her and add one more measure of a camel's load.) since Yusuf, peace be upon him, gave each man a camel's load of corn.

び∀ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ∀モ∇Β∠ミ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (This quant it y is easy (for t he king t o give).) They said t hese words t o make t heir case more appealing, saying t hat t aking t heir brot her wit h t hem is wort h t his gain,

リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ボを͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ ∇リャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや (He ぴYa` qub (Jacob)び said: "I will not send him wit h you unt il you swear a solemn oat h t o me in Allah's Name...''), unt il you swear by Allah wit h t he st rongest oat h,

び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヅ ∠ ゅ∠エΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ͡レレｚ ゎ⊥ ∇ほわ∠ ャ∠ぴ (t hat you will bring him back t o me unless you are yourselves surrounded (by enemies)), unless you were all overwhelmed and were unable t o rescue him,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ を͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ヲゎ∠ や∠￢ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (And when t hey had sworn t heir solemn oat h), he affirmed it furt her, saying,

び∀モΒ͡ミヱ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボル∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (Allah is t he Wit ness t o what we have said.) Ibn Ishaq comment ed, "Ya` qub did t hat because he had no choice but t o send t hem t o bring necessary food supplies for t heir survival. So he sent Binyamin wit h t hem.''

∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや∠ヱ ギ∃ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠よ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヴ ｚ レ͡ ら∠ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ヴ͡レ∇ビぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ る∃ ホ∠ ゲあ ヘ∠ わ∠ ョぁ ゆ ∃ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ Ι ｚ ま͡ ユ⊥ ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ͡ ま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ∠ キ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミあ ヲ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ワヲ⊥よぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ツホ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ͡プ る⇔ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ェ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヨヤｚハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ヱ⊥グャ∠ び

(67. And he said: "O my sons! Do not ent er by one gat e, but ent er by different gat es, and I cannot avail you against Allah at all. Verily, t he decision rest s only wit h Allah. In Him, I put my t rust and let all t hose t hat t rust , put t heir t rust in Him.'') (68. And when t hey ent ered according t o t heir fat her's advice, it did not avail t hem in t he least against (t he will of) Allah; it was but a need of Ya` qub's inner self which he discharged. And verily, he was endowed wit h knowledge because We had t aught him, but most men know not .)

Ya` qub orders His Children to enter Egypt from Different Gates Allah says t hat Ya` qub, peace be upon him, ordered his children, when he sent Binyamin wit h t hem t o Egypt , t o ent er from different gat es rat her t han all of t hem ent ering from one gat e. Ibn ` Abbas, Muhammad bin Ka` b, Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak Qat adah, As-Suddi and several ot hers said t hat he feared t he evil eye for t hem, because t hey were handsome and looked beaut iful and graceful. He feared t hat people might direct t he evil eye at t hem, because t he evil eye t ruly harms, by Allah's decree, and brings down t he might y warrior-rider from his horse. He next said, l

び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ヴ͡レ∇ビぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and I cannot avail you against Allah at all.) t his precaut ion will not resist Allah's decision and appoint ed decree. Verily, what ever Allah wills, cannot be resist ed or st opped,

モ ͡ ミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ Ι ｚ ま͡ ユ⊥ ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ͡ ま͡ぴ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ワヲ⊥よぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ∠ キ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヲ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤミあ ヲ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ る⇔ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ェ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ びゅ∠ワゅツ ∠ ホ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ("Verily, t he decision rest s only wit h Allah. In Him, I put my t rust and let all t hose t hat t rust , put t heir t rust in Him.'' And when t hey ent ered according t o t heir fat her's advice, it did not avail t hem in t he least against (t he will of) Allah; it was but a need of Ya` qub's inner self which he discharged. ), as a precaut ion against t he evil eye,

び⊥ロゅ∠レ∇ヨヤｚハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ヱ⊥グャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, he was endowed wit h knowledge because We had t aught him,) he had knowledge t hat he implement ed, according t o Qat adah and At h-Thawri. Ibn Jarir said t hat t his part of t he Ayah means, he has knowledge t hat We t aught him,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but most men know not .)

ヴあルま͡ メ ∠ ゅホ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン∠ヱへ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ∠ キ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ∇ザゃ͡ わ∠ ∇らゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥カぺ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ (69. And when t hey went in before Yusuf, he t ook his brot her (Binyamin) t o himself and said: "Verily, I am your brot her, so grieve not for what t hey used t o do.'')

Yusuf comforts Binyamin Allah st at es t hat when Yusuf's brot hers went in before him along wit h his full brot her Binyamin, he invit ed t hem t o a place of honor as privileged guest s. He grant ed t hem gift s and generous hospit alit y and kindness. He met his brot her in confidence and t old him t he st ory of what happened t o him and t hat he was in fact his brot her. He said t o him,

び∇ザゃ͡ わ∠ ∇らゎ∠ Ιぴ ` (grieve not ) nor feel sad for what t hey did t o me.' He ordered Binyamin t o hide t he news from t hem and t o refrain from t elling t hem t hat t he ` Aziz is his brot her Yusuf. He plot t ed wit h him t o keep him in Egypt enj oying honor and great hospit alit y.

モ ͡ ∇ェケ∠ ヴ͡プ る∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ボジ あ ャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユワ͡ コ͡ ゅ∠ヰイ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゴ∠ ヰｚ ィ ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホケ͡ ゅ∠ジャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ Β͡バ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ Αｚ ぺ∠ ∀ラクあ ∠ぽョ⊥ ラ ∠ クｚ ぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ ギ⊥ ボ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギボ͡ ∇ヘゎ∠ や∠クゅｚョ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤら∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲ∃ Β͡バよ∠ モ ⊥ ∇ヨェ ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ￢∠ べィ ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ヱ∠ マ ͡ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ネ ∠ や∠ヲタ ⊥ び ∀ユΒ͡ハ∠コ (70. So when he furnished t hem fort h wit h t heir provisions, he put t he bowl in his brot her's bag. Then a crier cried: "O you (in) t he caravan! Surely, you are t hieves!'') (71. They, t urning t owards t hem, said: "What is it t hat you have lost '') (72. They said: "We have lost t he bowl of t he king and for him who produces it is (t he reward of) a camel load; and I will be bound by it .'')

Yusuf had His Golden Bowl placed in Binyamin's Bag; a Plot to keep Him in Egypt Aft er Yusuf supplied t hem wit h t heir provisions, he ordered some of his servant s t o place his silver bowl (in Binyamin's bag), according t o t he maj orit y of scholars. Some scholars said t hat

t he king's bowl was made from gold. Ibn Zayd added t hat t he king used it t o drink from, and lat er, measured food grains wit h it since food became scarce in t hat t ime, according t o Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd. Shu` bah said t hat Abu Bishr narrat ed t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he king's bowl was made from silver and he used it t o drink wit h. Yusuf had t he bowl placed in Binyamin's bag while t hey were unaware, and t hen had someone herald,

び∠ラヲ⊥ホケ͡ ゅ∠ジャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ Β͡バ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ Αｚ ぺ∠ぴ (O you (in) t he caravan! Surely, you are t hieves!) They looked at t he man who was heralding t his st at ement and asked him,

び͡マヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ネ ∠ や∠ヲタ ⊥ ギ⊥ ボ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボル∠ ヱ⊥ギボ͡ ∇ヘゎ∠ や∠クゅｚョぴ ("What is it t hat you have lost '' They said: "We have lost t he bowl of t he king...''), which he used t o measure food grains,

び∃ゲΒ͡バよ∠ モ ⊥ ∇ヨェ ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ∠ヨャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and for him who produces it is a camel load;), as a reward,

び∀ユΒ͡ハコ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and I will be bound by it .), as assurance of delivery of t he reward.

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ギ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ ゅｚョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ∠ゎ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ロ⊥ ぼ⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡ホゲ͡ ⇒∠シ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ェケ∠ ヴ͡プ ギ∠ ィ ͡ ヱ⊥ リ∠ョ ロ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゴ∠ィ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ∠リΒ͡よ͡グ⇒∠ミ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ Β∠ ハ ͡ ∇ヱほ∠よ͡ ぺ∠ギ∠ ら∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ロ⊥ ぼ⊥ や∠ゴィ ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ハヱ͡ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰィ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ガわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ハヱ͡ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ リ ͡ Α͡キ ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ グ∠ カ ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Βャ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ギミ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼルｚ リｚョ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ ノ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲル∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ͡ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ン͡ク あモミ⊥ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ヱ∠

(73. They said: "By Allah! Indeed you know t hat we came not t o make mischief in t he land, and we are no t hieves!'') (74. They said: "What t hen shall be t he penalt y of him, if you are (proved t o be) liars.'') (75. They ぴYusuf's brot hersび said: "His penalt y should be t hat he, in whose bag it is found, should be held for t he punishment (of t he crime). Thus we punish t he wrongdoers!'') (76. So he ぴYusufび began (t he search) in t heir bags before t he bag of his brot her. Then he brought it out of his brot her's bag. Thus did We plan for Yusuf. He could not t ake his brot her by t he law of t he king (as a slave), except t hat Allah willed it . We raise t o degrees whom We will, but over all t hose endowed wit h knowledge is t he All-Knowing (Allah).) Aft er Yusuf's servant s accused his brot hers of t heft , t hey said,

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ギ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ ゅｚョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ∠ゎぴ び∠リΒ͡ホゲ͡ ⇒∠シ ゅｚレミ⊥ (By Allah! Indeed you know t hat we came not t o make mischief in t he land, and we are no t hieves!) ` Ever since you knew us, you, due t o our good conduct , became cert ain t hat ,

び∠リΒ͡ホゲ͡ ⇒∠シ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ギ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ ゅｚョぴ (we came not t o make mischief in t he land, and we are no t hieves!) They said, ` Theft is not in our charact er, as you came t o know.' Yusuf's men said,

び⊥ロぼ⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ ` (What t hen shall be t he penalt y of him), in reference t o t he t hief, if it came out t hat he is one of you,'

び∠リΒ͡よグ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まぴ (if you are (proved t o be) liars) They asked t hem, ` What should be t he t hief's punishment if he is one of you'

ロ⊥ ぼ⊥ や∠ゴィ ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ェケ∠ ヴ͡プ ギ∠ ィ ͡ ヱ⊥ リ∠ョ ロ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゴ∠ィ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ (They said: "His penalt y should be t hat he, in whose bag it is found, should be held for t he punishment . Thus we punish t he wrongdoers!'') This was t he law of Prophet Ibrahim, peace be upon him, t hat t he t hief be given as a slave t o t he vict im of t heft . This is what Yusuf want ed, and t his is why he st art ed wit h t heir bags first before his brot her's bag, t o perfect t he plot ,

び͡ヮΒ͡カぺ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ハヱ͡ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰィ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ガわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ぴ

(Then he brought it out of his brot her's bag.) Therefore, Yusuf t ook Binyamin as a slave according t o t heir j udgement and t he law which t hey believed in. So Allah said;

び∠ブシ ⊥ ヲ⊥Βャ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ギミ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Thus did We plan for Yusuf.) and t his is a good plot t hat Allah likes and prefers, because it seeks a cert ain benefit using wisdom and t he benefit of all. Allah said next ,

び͡マヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ Α͡キ ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ グ∠ カ ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ (He could not t ake his brot her by t he law of t he king,) as a capt ive, for t his was not t he law of king of Egypt , according t o Ad-Dahhak and several ot her scholars. Allah only allowed Yusuf t o t ake his brot her as a capt ive aft er his brot hers agreed t o t his j udgement beforehand, and he knew t hat t his was t heir law. This is why Allah praised him when He said,

び⊥￢べ∠ゼルｚ リｚョ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ ノ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲル∠ ぴ (We raise t o degrees whom We will,) j ust as He said in anot her Ayah,

び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ノ͡ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ぴ (Allah will exalt in degree t hose of you who believe.) ぴ58:11び Allah said next ,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ン͡ク あモミ⊥ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (but over all t hose endowed wit h knowledge is t he All-Knowing.) Al-Hasan comment ed, "There is no knowledgeable person, but t here is anot her person wit h more knowledge unt il it ends at Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored. In addit ion, ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "We were wit h Ibn ` Abbas when he narrat ed an amazing Hadit h. A man in t he audience said, ` All praise is t o Allah! There is an all-knowing above every person endowed wit h knowledge.' Ibn ` Abbas responded, ` Worse it is t hat which you said! Allah is t he All-Knowing and His knowledge is above t he knowledge of every knowledgeable person.' Simak narrat ed t hat ` Ikrimah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ン͡ク あモミ⊥ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (but over all t hose endowed wit h knowledge is t he All-Knowing (Allah).) "This person has more knowledge t han t hat person, and Allah is above all knowledgeable persons.'' Similar was narrat ed from ` Ikrimah. Qat adah said, "Over every person endowed wit h knowledge is a more knowledgeable person unt il all knowledge ends wit h Allah. Verily, knowledge st art ed from Allah, and from Him t he scholars learn, and t o Him all knowledge ret urns.'' ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud read t he Ayah t his way, (∠ベ∇ヲプ∠ ヱ∠ あモミ⊥ ユ∃ ャ͡ゅ∠ハ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ) "And above every scholar, is t he All-Knower (Allah).''

モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∀ォ∠ぺ ベ ∠ ゲ∠ シ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇ベゲ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ラ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ワ͡ギ∇らΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ͡プ ブ ⊥ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ワゲｚ シ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョｚ ゲｘ セ ∠ (77. They ぴYusuf's brot hersび said: "If he st eals, t here was a brot her of his ぴYusufび who did st eal before (him). '' But t hese t hings did Yusuf keep in himself, revealing not t he secret s t o t hem. He said (wit hin himself): "You are in an evil sit uat ion, and Allah is t he Best Knower of t hat which you describe!'')

Yusuf's Brothers accuse Him of Theft! Aft er Yusuf's brot hers saw t hat t he king's bowl was t aken out of Binyamin's bag, t hey said,

びモ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∀ォ∠ぺ ベ ∠ ゲ∠ シ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇ベゲ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ラ͡まぴ (If he st eals, t here was a brot her of his who did st eal before.) They t ried t o show t hemselves as innocent from being like Binyamin, saying t hat he did j ust like a brot her of his did beforehand, meaning Yusuf, peace be upon him! Allah said,

び͡ヮ͡ジ∇ヘ∠ル ヴ͡プ ブ ⊥ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ゅワ∠ ゲｚ シ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (But t hese t hings did Yusuf keep in himself), meaning t he st at ement t hat he said aft erwards,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョｚ ゲｘ セ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ぴ (You are in an evil sit uat ion, and Allah is t he Best Knower of t hat which you describe!) Yusuf said t his t o himself and did not ut t er it aloud, t hus int ending t o hide what he want ed t o say t o himself even before he said it . Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ヮ͡ジ∇ヘ∠ル ヴ͡プ ブ ⊥ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ワゲｚ シ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (But t hese t hings did Yusuf keep in himself), "He kept in himself ぴhis st at ement next び,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョｚ ゲｘ セ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ぴ (You are in an evil sit uat ion, and Allah is t he Best Knower of t hat which you describe!).''

∇グガ ⊥ プ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゅ⇔ガ∇Β∠セ ゅ⇔よ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ ク∠ ゅ∠バョ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ポ ∠ や∠ゲル∠ ゅｚル͡ま ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ ゅ∠ルギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ や⇔クま͡ べ⇒ｚルま͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠レバ∠ ⇒∠わョ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ グ∠ カ ⊥ ∇ほルｚ ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠ヌャｚ (78. They said: "O ` Aziz! Verily, he has an old fat her (who will grieve for him); so t ake one of us in his place. Indeed we t hink t hat you are one of t he doers of good.'') (79. He said: "Allah forbid, t hat we should t ake anyone but him wit h whom we found our propert y. Indeed (if we did so), we should be wrongdoers.'')

Yusuf's Brothers offer taking One of Them instead of Binyamin as a Slave, Yusuf rejects the Offer When it was decided t hat Benyamin was t o be t aken and kept wit h Yusuf according t o t he law t hey adhered by, Yusuf's brot hers st art ed request ing clemency and raising compassion in his heart for t hem,

びや⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゅ⇔ガ∇Β∠セ ゅ⇔よ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said, "O ` Aziz! Verily, he has an old fat her...'') who loves him very much and is comfort ed by his presence from t he son t hat he lost ,

び⊥ヮル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ ゅ∠ルギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇グガ ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (so t ake one of us in his place.), inst ead of Binyamin t o remain wit h you,

び∠リΒ͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ポ ∠ や∠ゲル∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Indeed we t hink t hat you are one of t he doers of good.), t he good doers, j ust , and accept ing fairness,

ゅ∠レバ∠ ⇒∠わョ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ グ∠ カ ⊥ ∇ほルｚ ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ク∠ ゅ∠バョ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び⊥ロギ∠ レ͡ハ (He said: "Allah forbid, t hat we should t ake anyone but him wit h whom we found our propert y...''), ` according t o t he j udgement t hat you gave for his punishment ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠ヌャｚ や⇔クま͡ べ⇒ｚルま͡ぴ (Indeed, we should be wrongdoers.), if we t ake an innocent man inst ead of t he guilt y man. '

∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ Β͡らミ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ６Β͡イ∠ル ∇やヲ⊥ダヤ∠カ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥シほ∠∇Βわ∠ ∇シや ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ボを͡ ∇ヲョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠よぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ゥ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∇リヤ∠プ∠ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ デｚゲプ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ∠ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ͡よぺ∠ ヴ͡ャ ラ ∠ ク∠ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや ゅ∠ルゅ∠よほ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡よぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ケや - リ ∠ Β͡ヨム͡ ⇒∠エ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ル∇ギヰ͡ セ ∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ベ ∠ ゲ∠ シ ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ ∇よや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヴ͡わャｚや る∠ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ゃ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ - リ ∠ Β͡ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠ェ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホギ͡ ⇒∠ダャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤら∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ゲ∠ ∇Βバ͡ ャ∂や∠ヱ (80. So, when t hey despaired of him, t hey consult ed in privat e. The eldest among t hem said: "Know you not t hat your fat her did t ake an oat h from you in Allah's Name, and before t his you did fail in your dut y wit h Yusuf Therefore I will not leave t his land unt il my fat her permit s me, or Allah decides my case and He is t he Best of t he j udges.) (81. "Ret urn t o your fat her and say, ` O our fat her! Verily, your son has st olen, and we t est ify not except according t o what we know, and we could not know t he Unseen!) (82. "And ask (t he people of) t he t own where we have been, and t he caravan in which we ret urned; and indeed we are t elling t he t rut h.'')

Yusuf's Brothers consult Each Other in Confidence; the Advice Their Eldest Brother gave Them Allah narrat es t o us t hat Yusuf's brot hers were desperat e because t hey could not secure t he release of t heir brot her Binyamin, even t hough t hey had given a promise and sworn t o t heir fat her t o bring him back. They were unable t o fulfill t heir promise t o t heir fat her, so,

び∇やヲ⊥ダヤ∠カ ∠ぴ (in privat e), away from people's eyes,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ イ ͡ ル∠ ぴ (t hey consult ed), among t hemselves,

び∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ Β͡ら∠ミ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (The eldest among t hem said), and his name, as we ment ioned, was Rubil, or Yahudha. He was t he one among t hem who recommended t hrowing Yusuf int o a well, rat her t han killing him. So Rubil said t o t hem,

リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ボを͡ ∇ヲョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠よぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや a` (Know you not t hat your fat her did t ake an oat h from you in Allah's Name,) t hat you will ret urn Binyamin t o him However, you were not able t o fulfill t his promise and, before you caused Yusuf t o be lost from his fat her,

び∠チ∇ケΙ ｘやゥ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∇リヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (Therefore I will not leave t his land), I will not leave Egypt ,

びヴ͡よぺ∠ ヴ͡ャ ラ ∠ ク∠ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il my fat her permit s me, ) allows me t o go back t o him while he is pleased wit h me,

びヴ͡ャ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or Allah decides my case) by using t he sword, or, t hey says; by allowing me t o secure t he release of my brot her,

び∠リΒ͡ヨム͡ ⇒∠エ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He is t he Best of t he j udges.), He next ordered t hem t o narrat e t o t heir fat her what happened so t hat t hey could present t heir excuse about t hat happened t o Binyamin and as claim t heir innocence before him. Rubil said t o t hem (t o say t o t heir fat her),

び∠リΒ͡ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠ェ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and we could not know t he Unseen!) or, ` we did not know t hat your son had commit t ed t heft ,' according t o Qat adah and ` Ikrimah. ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said t hat it means, ` we

did not know t hat Binyamin st ole somet hing t hat belonged t o t he king, we only st at ed t he punishment of t he t hief,'

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヴ͡わャｚや る∠ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ゃ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ (And ask (t he people of) t he t own where we have been,), in reference t o Egypt , according t o Qat adah, or anot her t own.

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤら∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ゲ∠ ∇Βバ͡ ャ∂や∠ヱぴ (and t he caravan in which we ret urned), ` about our t rut hfulness, honest y, prot ect ion and sincere guardianship,

び∠ラヲ⊥ホギ͡ ⇒∠ダャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ͡ ぴ (and indeed we are t elling t he t rut h.) in what we have t old you, t hat Binyamin st ole and was t aken as a capt ive as compensat ion for his t heft .'

∀モΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゲ∀ ∇らダ ∠ プ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろャ∠ヲｚ シ ∠ ∇モよ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヴ͡レΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヘシ ∠ ほ∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴｚャヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ミ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ラ ͡ ∇ゴエ ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Βハ ∠ ∇ろツ ｚ Β∠ ∇よや∠ヱ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ッ∠ゲェ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ゲ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇グゎ∠ ほ⊥わ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ぶゅ∠ゎ ヴ͡ル∇ゴェ ⊥ ∠ヱ ヴあんよ∠ ヲ⊥ム∇セぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡ムヤ͡⇒∠ヰ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ (83. He ぴYa` qubび said: "Nay, but your own selves have beguiled you int o somet hing. So pat ience is most fit t ing (for me). May be Allah will bring t hem (back) all t o me. Truly, He! Only He is AllKnowing, All-Wise.'') (84. And he t urned away from t hem and said: "Alas, my grief for Yusuf!'' And he lost his sight because of t he sorrow t hat he was suppressing.) (85. They said: "By Allah! You will never cease remembering Yusuf unt il you become weak wit h old age, or unt il you be of t he dead.'') (86. He said: "I only complain of my grief and sorrow t o Allah, and I know from Allah t hat which you know not .'')

Allah's Prophet Ya` qub receives the Grievous News

Allah's Prophet Ya` qub repeat ed t o his children t he same words he said t o t hem when t hey brought false blood on Yusuf' shirt ,

び∀モΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゲ∀ ∇らダ ∠ プ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろャ∠ヲｚ シ ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, but your own selves have beguiled you int o somet hing. So pat ience is most fit t ing (for me).) Muhammad bin Ishaq said, "When t hey went back t o Ya` qub and t old him what happened, he did not believe t hem and t hought t hat t his was a repet it ion of what t hey did t o Yusuf. So he said,

び∀モΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゲ∀ ∇らダ ∠ プ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろャ∠ヲｚ シ ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, but your own selves have beguiled you int o somet hing. So pat ience is most fit t ing (for me).) Some said t hat since t his new development came aft er what t hey did before ぴt o Yusufび, t hey were given t he same j udgement t o t his lat er incident t hat was given t o t hem when t hey did what t hey did ぴt o Yusufび. Therefore, Ya` qub's st at ement here is befit t ing,

び∀モΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゲ∀ ∇らダ ∠ プ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろャ∠ヲｚ シ ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, but your own selves have beguiled you int o somet hing. So pat ience is most fit t ing (for me).) He t hen begged Allah t o bring back his t hree sons: Yusuf, Binyamin and Rubil t o him.'' Rubil had remained in Egypt await ing Allah's decision about his case, eit her his fat her's permission ordering him t o go back home, or t o secure t he release of his brot her in confidence. This is why Ya` qub said,

び⊥ユΒ͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヴ͡レΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ジハ ∠ぴ (May be Allah will bring t hem (back) all t o me. Truly, He! Only He is All-Knowing,), in my dist ress,

び⊥ユΒ͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (t he All-Wise), in His decisions and t he decree and preordainment He appoint s. Allah said next ,

び∠ブシ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヘシ ∠ ほ∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎヱ∠ ぴ (And he t urned away from t hem and said: "Alas, my grief for Yusuf!'') He t urned away from his children and remembered his old grief for Yusuf,

び∠ブシ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヘシ ∠ ほ∠Αぴ (Alas, my grief for Yusuf!) The new grief, losing Binyamin and Rubil, renewed his old sadness t hat he kept t o himself. ` Abdur-Razzaq narrat ed t hat At h-Thawri said t hat Sufyan Al-` Usfuri

said t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "Only t his nat ion ぴt he following of Prophet Muhammad び were given Al-Ist irj a'. Have you not heard t he st at ement of Ya` qub, peace be upon him,

ラ ͡ ∇ゴエ ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Βハ ∠ ∇ろツ ｚ Β∠ ∇よや∠ヱ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヘシ ∠ ほ∠Αぴ び∀ユΒ͡ヌミ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ("Alas, my grief for Yusuf !'' And he lost his sight because of t he sorrow t hat he was suppressing. )'' Ya` qub suppressed his sorrow and did not complain t o a creat ed being, according t o Qat adah and ot her scholars. Ad-Dahhak also comment ed, "Ya` qub was aggrieved, sorrowful and sad.'' Ya` qub's children felt pit y for him and said, while feeling sorrow and compassion,

び∠ブシ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ゲ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇グゎ∠ ほ⊥わ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ぶゅ∠ゎぴ (By Allah! You will never cease remembering Yusuf), ` you will keep remembering Yusuf,

び⇔ゅッ∠ゲェ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il you become weak wit h old age,), unt il your st rengt h leaves you,'

び∠リΒ͡ムヤ͡⇒∠ヰ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or unt il you be of t he dead.) They said, ` if you cont inue like t his, we fear for you t hat you might die of grief,'

び͡ヮヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ͡ル∇ゴェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴあんよ∠ ヲ⊥ム∇セぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "I only complain of my grief and sorrow t o Allah.'') When t hey said t hese words t o him, Ya` qub said,

びヴ͡ル∇ゴェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴあんよ∠ ヲ⊥ム∇セぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ ` (I only complain of my grief and sorrow) for t he afflict ions t hat st ruck me,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (t o Allah, ) alone,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(and I know from Allah t hat which you know not .) I ant icipat e from Allah each and every t ype of goodness.' Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he meaning of,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and I know from Allah t hat which you know not .) "The vision t hat Yusuf saw is t rut hful and Allah will cert ainly make it come t rue.''

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ヱ∠ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ジジ ｚエ ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇クや ヴ ｚ レ͡ ら∠ Αぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゥ ͡ ∇ヱケｚ リ͡ョ ザ ⊥ ⇒∠∇Αゅ∠Α Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゥ ͡ ∇ヱケｚ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ジ⇒∠∇Αゅ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ∠ キ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ツら͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ ヱ∠ ゲぁ ツ ぁ ャや ゅ∠レヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レジ ｚ ョ∠ ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ベギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βム∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∠ャ フ ͡ ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ り∃ ゅ∠ィ∇ゴョぁ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギあ ダ ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ゴ∇イΑ∠ (87. "O my sons! Go you and inquire about Yusuf and his brot her, and never give up hope of Allah's mercy. Cert ainly no one despairs of Allah's mercy, except t he people who disbelieve.'') (88. Then, when t hey ent ered unt o him, t hey said: "O ` Aziz! A hard t ime has hit us and our family, and we have brought but poor capit al, so pay us full measure and be charit able t o us. Truly, Allah does reward t he charit able.'')

Ya` qub orders His Children to inquire about Yusuf and His Brother Allah st at es t hat Ya` qub, peace be upon him, ordered his children t o go back and inquire about t he news of Yusuf and his brot her Binyamin, in a good manner, not as spies. He encouraged t hem, delivered t o t hem t he good news and ordered t hem not t o despair of Allah's mercy. He ordered t hem t o never give up hope in Allah, nor t o ever discont inue t rust ing in Him for what t hey seek t o accomplish. He said t o t hem t hat only t he disbelieving people despair of Allah's mercy.

Yusuf's Brothers stand before Him Allah said next ,

び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ∠ キ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then, when t hey ent ered unt o him), when t hey went back t o Egypt and ent ered upon Yusuf,

びぁゲツ ぁ ャや ゅ∠レヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レジ ｚ ョ∠ ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (t hey said: "O Aziz! A hard t ime has hit us and our family...''), because of severe drought s and t he scarcit y of food,

び∃りゅ∠ィ∇ゴョぁ る∃ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ツら͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and we have brought but poor capit al,) means, ` we brought money for t he food we want t o buy, but it is not subst ant ial,' according t o Muj ahid, Al-Hasan and several ot hers. Allah said t hat t hey said next ,

び∠モ∇Βム∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∠ャ フ ͡ ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ ぴ (so pay us full measure) meaning, ` in ret urn for t he lit t le money we brought , give us t he full measure t hat you gave us before.' Ibn Mas` ud read t his Ayah in a way t hat means, "So give t he full load on our animals and be charit able wit h us.'' Ibn Jurayj comment ed, "So be charit able t o us by ret urning our brot her t o us.'' And when Sufyan bin ` Uyaynah was asked if t he Sadaqah (charit y) was prohibit ed for any Prophet before our Prophet , he said, "Have you not heard t he Ayah,

ン͡ゴ∇イΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ベギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βム∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∠ャ フ ͡ ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ ぴ び∠リΒ͡ホギあ ダ ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや (so pay us full measure and be charit able t o us. Truly, Allah does reward t he charit able.)'' Ibn Jarir At -Tabari collect ed t his st at ement .

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇クま͡ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ヱ∠ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Βよ͡ ユ⊥わ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゅョｚ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇モワ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ブ ⊥ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ろ ∠ ル∂Ι マ ∠ ルｚ ￢͡ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠ィ ペ ͡ わｚ Α∠ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ べ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ｚ ョ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヴ͡カぺ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ブ ⊥ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡ツΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇ダΑ͡ ヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡ゃト ͡ ⇒∠ガャ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ポ ∠ ゲ∠ を∠ へ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ∠ゎ ユ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ Α∠ゲ∇んゎ∠ Ι ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨェ ͡ ゲ∠ ャや

(89. He said: "Do you know what you did wit h Yusuf and his brot her, when you were ignorant '') (90. They said: "Are you indeed Yusuf'' He said: "I am Yusuf , and t his is my brot her. Allah has indeed been gracious t o us. He who has Taqwa, and is pat ient , t hen surely, Allah makes not t he reward of t he gooddoers t o be lost .'') (91. They said: "By Allah! Indeed Allah has preferred you above us, and we cert ainly have been sinners.'') (92. He said: "No reproach on you t his day; may Allah forgive you, and He is t he Most Merciful of t hose who show mercy!)

Yusuf reveals His True Identity to His Brothers and forgives Them Allah says, when Yusuf's brot hers t old him about t he afflict ions and hardship, and short ages in food t hey suffered from in t he aft ermat h of t he drought t hat st ruck t hem, and he remembered his fat her's grief for losing his t wo children, he felt compassion, pit y and mercy for his fat her and brot hers. He felt t his way, especially since he was enj oying kingship, aut horit y and power, so he cried and revealed his t rue ident it y t o t hem when he asked t hem,

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇クま͡ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ヱ∠ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Βよ͡ ユ⊥わ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇モワ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠ィ (Do you know what you did wit h Yusuf and his brot her, when you were ignorant ) meaning, ` when you separat ed bet ween Yusuf and his brot her,'

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠ィ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇クま͡ぴ (when you were ignorant ) He said, ` What made you do t his is your ignorance of t he t remendous sin you were about t o commit .' It appears, and Allah knows best , t hat Yusuf revealed his ident it y t o his brot hers only t hen by Allah's command, j ust as he hid his ident it y from t hem in t he first t wo meet ings, by Allah's command. When t he afflict ion became harder, Allah sent His relief from t hat afflict ion, j ust as He said He does,

び や⇔ゲ∇ジΑ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ジバ⊥ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - や⇔ゲ∇ジΑ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ジバ⊥ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (Verily, along wit h every hardship is relief. Verily, along wit h every hardship is relief.)ぴ94:5-6び This is when t hey said t o Yusuf,

び⊥ブシ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ろ ∠ ル∂Ι マ ∠ ルｚ ￢͡ ぺ∠ぴ (Are you indeed Yusuf), in amazement , because t hey had been meet ing him for more t han t wo years while unaware of who he really was. Yet , he knew who t hey were and hid t his news from t hem. Therefore, t hey asked in ast onishment ,

びヴ͡カぺ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ブ ⊥ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ブ ⊥ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ろ ∠ ル∂Ι マ ∠ ルｚ ￢͡ ぺ∠ぴ (Are you indeed Yusuf He said: "I am Yusuf, and t his is my brot her...'') Yusuf said next ,

びべ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ｚ ョ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ ` (Allah has indeed been gracious t o us.) by gat hering us t oget her aft er being separat ed all t his t ime,'

ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡ツΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇ダΑ͡ ヱ∠ ペ ͡ わｚ Α∠ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ びゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ポ ∠ ゲ∠ を∠ へ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ∠ゎ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボレ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ("Verily, he who has Taqwa, and is pat ient , t hen surely, Allah makes not t he reward of t he gooddoers t o be lost .'' They said: "By Allah! Indeed Allah has preferred you above us.'') They affirmed Yusuf's virt ue above t hem, being blessed wit h beaut y, conduct , richness, kingship, aut horit y and, above all, prophet hood. They admit t ed t heir error and acknowledged t hat t hey made a mist ake against him,

び∠ュ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ Α∠ゲ∇んゎ∠ Ι ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "No reproach on you t his day.'') He said t o t hem, ` There will be no blame for you t oday or admonishment , and I will not remind you aft er t oday of your error against me.' He t hen mult iplied his generosit y by invoking Allah for t hem for mercy,

び∠リΒ͡ヨェ ͡ ゲ∠ ャや ユ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ぴ (may Allah forgive you, and He is t he Most Merciful of t hose who show mercy!)

れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴ͡よぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ボ∇ャほ∠プ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡ダΒ͡ヨボ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇クやぴ ろ ͡ ヤ∠ダ ∠ プ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇ワほ∠よ͡ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ゎ∇ぺヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ウ ∠ Α͡ケ ギ⊥ ィ ͡Ε ∠ ヴあルま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥よぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゲ⊥ Β͡バ∇ャや び ユ͡ Α͡ギボ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ∠ゎ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギレあ ヘ∠ ゎ⊥ (93. "Go wit h t his shirt of mine, and cast it over t he face of my fat her, his vision will ret urn, and bring t o me all your family.'') (94. And when t he caravan depart ed, t heir fat her said: "I do indeed sense t he smell of Yusuf, if only you t hink me not senile).'') (95. They said: "By Allah! Cert ainly, you are in your old Dalal (error).'')

Ya` qub finds the Scent of Yusuf in his Shirt! Yusuf said, ` Take t his shirt of mine,

びや⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴ͡よぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ボ∇ャほ∠プ∠ ぴ (and cast it over t he face of my fat her, his vision will ret urn),' because Ya` qub had lost his sight from excessive crying,

び∠リΒ͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇ワほ∠よ͡ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ゎ∇ぺヱ∠ ぴ (and bring t o me all your family.) all t he children of Ya` qub.

び⊥ゲΒ͡バ∇ャや ろ ͡ ヤ∠ダ ∠ プ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he caravan depart ed) from Egypt ,

び∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥よぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (t heir fat her said...), Ya` qub, peace be upon him, said t o t he children who remained wit h him,

び͡ラヱ⊥ギレあ ヘ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ウ ∠ Α͡ケ ギ⊥ ィ ͡Ε ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ ` (I do indeed feel t he smell of Yusuf, if only you t hink me not senile.), except t hat you might t hink me senile because of old age.' ` Abdur-Razzaq narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "When t he caravan depart ed ぴfrom Egypt び, a wind st art ed blowing and brought t he scent of Yusuf's shirt t o Ya` qub. He said,

び͡ラヱ⊥ギあレヘ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ウ ∠ Α͡ケ ギ⊥ ィ ͡Ε ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ (I do indeed feel t he smell of Yusuf , if only you t hink me not senile.) He found his scent from a dist ance of eight days away!'' Similar was also report ed t hrough Sufyan At h-Thawri and Shu` bah and ot hers report ed it from Abu Sinan. Ya` qub said t o t hem,

び͡ラヱ⊥ギあレヘ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ (if only you t hink me not senile.) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` At a, Qat adah and Sa'id bin Jubayr comment ed, "If only you t hink me not a fool!'' Muj ahid and Al-Hasan said t hat it means, "If only you t hink me not old.'' Their answer t o him was,

び͡ユΑ͡ギボ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Cert ainly, you are in your old Dalal.) meaning, ` in your old error,' according t o Ibn ` Abbas. Qat adah comment ed, "They meant t hat , ` because of your love for Yusuf you will never forget him.' So t hey ut t ered a harsh word t o t heir fat her t hat t hey should never have ut t ered t o him, nor t o a Prophet of Allah.'' Similar was said by As-Suddi and ot hers.

ギｚ ゎ∠ ∇ケゅ∠プ ヮ͡ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ゲ⊥ Β͡ゼら∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ィ ラ∠ぺ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∇モホ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠レよ∠ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ルゅ∠よほ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴあよケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シぺ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡ゃト ͡ ⇒∠カ び ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや (96. Then, when t he bearer of t he good news arrived, he cast it (t he shirt ) over his face, and his vision ret urned. He said: "Did I not say t o you, ` I know from Allah t hat which you know not ''') (97. They said: "O our fat her! Ask forgiveness (from Allah) for our sins, indeed we have been sinners.'') (98. He said: "I will ask my Lord for forgiveness for you, verily, He! Only He is t he Oft Forgiving, t he Most Merciful.'')

Yahudha brings Yusuf's Shirt and Good News Ibn ` Abbas and Ad-Dahhak said;

び⊥ゲΒ͡ゼら∠ ∇ャやぴ (good news) means informat ion. Muj ahid and As-Suddi said t hat t he bearer of good news was Yahudha, son of Ya` qub. As-Suddi added, "He brought it (Yusuf's shirt ) because it was he who brought Yusuf's shirt st ained wit h t he false blood. So he liked t o erase t hat error wit h t his good act , by bringing Yusuf's shirt and placing it on his fat her's face. His fat her's sight was rest ored t o him.'' Ya` qub said t o his children,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∇モホ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Did I not say t o you, ` I know from Allah t hat which you know not '), t hat I know t hat Allah will ret urn Yusuf t o me and t hat ,

び͡ラヱ⊥ギあレヘ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ウ ∠ Α͡ケ ギ⊥ ィ ͡Ε ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ (I do indeed feel t he smell of Yusuf , if only you t hink me not senile.)

Yusuf's Brothers feel Sorry and Regretful This is when Yusuf's brot hers said t o t heir fat her, wit h humble- ness,

-リ ∠ Β͡ゃト ͡ ⇒∠カ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠レよ∠ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ルゅ∠よほ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴあよケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シぺ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ び ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ("O our fat her! Ask forgiveness (from Allah) for our sins, indeed we have been sinners.'' He said: "I will ask my Lord for forgiveness for you, verily, He! Only He is t he Oft -Forgiving, t he Most Merciful.'') and He forgives t hose who repent t o Him. ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud, Ibrahim At -Taymi, ` Amr bin Qays, Ibn Jurayj and several ot hers said t hat Prophet Ya` qub delayed fulfilling t heir request unt il t he lat t er part of t he night .

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αヲ∠ よ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン∠ヱや∠￢ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ∠ キ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ ∇Αヲ∠ よ∠ ぺ∠ ノ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ や∠￢ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ラ͡ま ゲ∠ ∇ダョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ や∠ギイ ｚシ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱぁゲカ ∠ ヱ∠ ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ６ボェ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ⇒∠Α∇ぼケ⊥ モ ⊥ Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇イジ あ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡レィ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∇クま͡ ヴ∠よ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レ∇Βよ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや パ ∠ ゴｚル ラ∠ぺ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヱ͡ ∇ギら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ∀ブΒ͡ト∠ャ ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ͡ゎヲ∠ ∇カま͡ び ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや (99. Then, when t hey came in before Yusuf, he t ook his parent s t o himself and said: "Ent er Egypt , if Allah wills, in securit y.'') (100. And he raised his parent s t o t he ` Arsh and t hey fell down before him prost rat e. And he said: "O my fat her! This is t he int erpret at ion of my dream aforet ime! My Lord has made it come t rue! He was indeed good t o me, when He t ook me out of t he prison, and brought you (all here) out of t he bedouin life, aft er Shayt an had sown enmit y bet ween me and my brot hers. Cert ainly, my Lord is t he Most Court eous and Kind unt o whom He wills. Truly, He! Only He is t he All-Knowing, t he All-Wise.)

Yusuf welcomes His Parents; His Dream comes True Allah st at es t hat Ya` qub went t o Yusuf in Egypt . Yusuf had asked his brot hers t o bring all of t heir family, and t hey all depart ed t heir area and left Kana` an t o Egypt . When Yusuf received news of t heir approach t o Egypt , he went out t o receive t hem. The king ordered t he princes and not able people t o go out in t he receiving part y wit h Yusuf t o meet Allah's Prophet Ya` qub,

peace be upon him. It is said t hat t he king also went out wit h t hem t o meet Ya` qub. Yusuf said t o his family, aft er t hey ent ered unt o him and he t ook t hem t o himself,

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ や∠￢ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ラ͡ま ゲ∠ ∇ダョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (and said: "Ent er Egypt , if Allah wills, in securit y.'') He said t o t hem, ` ent er Egypt ', meaning, ` reside in Egypt ', and added, ` if Allah wills, in securit y', in reference t o t he hardship and famine t hat t hey suffered. Allah said next ,

び͡ヮ∇Αヲ∠ よ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン∠ヱや∠￢ぴ (and he t ook his parent s t o himself) As-Suddi and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said t hat his parent s were his fat her and mat ernal aunt , as his mot her had died long ago. Muhammad bin Ishaq and Ibn Jarir At -Tabari said, "His fat her and mot her were bot h alive.'' Ibn Jarir added, "There is no evidence t hat his mot her had died before t hen. Rat her, t he apparent words of t he Qur'an t est ify t hat she was alive.'' This opinion has t he apparent and suit able meaning t hat t his st ory t est ifies t o. Allah said next ,

び͡ス∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αヲ∠ よ∠ ぺ∠ ノ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And he raised his parent s t o Al-'Arsh) he raised t hem t o his bedst ead where he sat , according t o Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and several ot hers. Allah said,

びや∠ギイ ｚシ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱぁゲカ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey fell down before him prost rat e.) Yusuf's parent s and brot hers prost rat ed before him, and t hey were eleven men,

び⊥モ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ⇒∠Α∇ぼケ⊥ モ ⊥ Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And he said: "O my fat her! This is t he Ta'wil (int erpret at ion) of my dream aforet ime...''), in reference t o t he dream t hat he narrat ed t o his fat her before,

びゅ⇔らミ∠ ∇ヲミ∠ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ハ ∠ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ (I saw (in a dream) eleven st ars...) In t he laws of t hese and previous Prophet s, it was allowed for t he people t o prost rat e before t he men of aut horit y, when t hey met t hem. This pract ice was allowed in t he law of Adam unt il t he law of ` Isa, peace be upon t hem, but was lat er prohibit ed in our law. Islam made prost rat ion exclusively for Allah Alone, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored. The implicat ion of t his st at ement was collect ed from Qat adah and ot her scholars. When Mu` adh bin Jabal visit ed t he Sham area, he found t hem prost rat ing before t heir priest s. When he ret urned (t o Al-Madinah), he prost rat ed before t he Messenger of Allah , who asked him,

«∨⊥クゅ∠バョ⊥ ゅ∠Α や∠グワ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (What is t his, O, Mu` adh) Mu` adh said, "I saw t hat t hey prost rat e before t heir priest s. However, you, O Messenger of Allah, deserve more t o be prost rat ed before.'' The Messenger said,

れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ∠ ほ∠ャ∠ ∩∃ギェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ ギ∠ イ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ や⇔ゲョ͡ へ ろ ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠» «ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ボあ ェ ∠ ユ͡ ヌ ∠ バ͡ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヰィ ͡ ∇ヱゴ∠ ャ͡ ギ∠ イ ⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ り∠ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや (If I were t o order anyone t o prost rat e before anyone else (among t he creat ion), I would have ordered t he wife t o prost rat e before her husband because of t he enormit y of his right on her.) Therefore, t his pract ice was allowed in previous laws, as we st at ed. This is why t hey (Ya` qub and his wife and eleven sons) prost rat ed before Yusuf, who said at t hat t ime,

ヴよあ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ⇒∠Α∇ぼケ⊥ モ ⊥ Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Αぴ びゅ６ボェ ∠ (O my fat her! This is t he Ta'wil of my dream aforet ime! My Lord has made it come t rue!) using t he word, ` Ta'wil', t o describe what became of t he mat t er, lat er on. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び⊥ヮヤ⊥Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇モワ∠ ぴ (Await t hey j ust for it s Ta'wil On t he Day t he event is finally fulfilled...), meaning, on t he Day of Judgement what t hey were promised of good or evil will surely come t o t hem. Yusuf said,

びゅ６ボェ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (My Lord has made it come t rue!) ment ioning t hat Allah blessed him by making his dream come t rue,

￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇イジ あ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡レィ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∇クま͡ ヴ∠よ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヱ∇ギら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ (He was indeed good t o me, when He t ook me out of t he prison, and brought you (all here) out of t he bedouin life,) out of t he desert , for t hey lived a bedouin life and raised cat t le, according t o Ibn Jurayj and ot hers. He also said t hat t hey used t o live in t he Arava, Ghur area of Palest ine, in Great er Syria. Yusuf said next ,

ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ͡ゎヲ∠ ∇カま͡ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レ∇Βよ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや パ ∠ ゴルｚ ラ∠ぺ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョぴ び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ∀ブΒ͡ト∠ャ ヴあよケ∠ (aft er Shayt an had sown enmit y bet ween me and my brot hers. Cert ainly, my Lord is t he Most Court eous and Kind unt o whom He wills.) for when Allah wills somet hing, He brings fort h it s reasons and element s of exist ence, t hen wills it int o exist ence and makes it easy t o at t ain,

び⊥ユΒ͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Truly, He! Only He is t he All-Knowing.) what benefit s His servant s,

び⊥ユΒ͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (t he All-Wise.) in His st at ement s, act ions, decrees, preordain- ment and what He chooses and wills.

モ ͡ Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇ヨヤｚハ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ͡ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βゎ∠ へ ∇ギホ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ ヴ あ ャ͡ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ デ ͡ ゅ∠プ ゑ ͡ Α͡キゅ∠ェΙ ｘや ヴ͡レ∇ボ͡エ∇ャ∠ぺ∠ヱ ゅ⇔ヨ͡ヤ∇ジョ⊥ ヴ͡レプｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ゅ∠Βル⊥ ギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ びリ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ (101. "My Lord! You have indeed best owed on me of t he sovereignt y, and t aught me somet hing of t he int erpret at ion of dreams - t he (Only) Creat or of t he heavens and t he eart h! You are my Wali in t his world and in t he Hereaft er. Cause me t o die as a Muslim, and j oin me wit h t he right eous.'')

Yusuf begs Allah to die as A Muslim This is t he invocat ion of Yusuf, t he t rut hful one, t o his Lord t he Exalt ed and Most Honored. He invoked Allah aft er His favor was complet e on him by being reunit ed wit h his parent s and brot hers, aft er He had best owed on him prophet hood and kingship. He begged his Lord t he Exalt ed and Ever High, t hat as He has perfect ed His bount y on him in t his life, t o cont inue it unt il t he Hereaft er. He begged Him t hat , when he dies, he dies as a Muslim, as Ad-Dahhak said, and t o j oin him wit h t he ranks of t he right eous, wit h his bret hren t he Prophet s and Messengers, may Allah's peace and blessings be on t hem all. It is possible t hat Yusuf, peace be upon him, said t his supplicat ion while dying. In t he Two Sahihs it is recorded t hat ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said t hat while dying, t he Messenger of Allah was raising his finger and said t hrice,

«ヴ∠ヤ∇ハほ∠∇ャや ペ ͡ Β͡プゲｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ (O Allah t o Ar-Rafiq Al-A` la ぴt he uppermost , highest company in heavenび.) It is also possible t hat long before he died, Yusuf begged Allah t o die as a Muslim and be j oined wit h t he ranks of t he right eous.

ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ Β͡ェヲ⊥ル ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ￢͡ べ∠らル∠ぺ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ べ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇クま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ほ∠∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ ろ ∠ ∇タゲ∠ ェ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあ ∀ゲ∇ミ͡ク Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ ゲ∃ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (102. That is of t he news of t he Ghayb (Unseen) which We reveal t o you. You were not (present ) wit h t hem when t hey arranged t heir plan t oget her, and (while) t hey were plot t ing.) (103. And most of mankind will not believe even if you desire it eagerly.) (104. And no reward you ask of t hem for it ; it (t he Qur'an) is no less t han a Reminder unt o t he ` Alamin (men and Jinn).)

This Story is a Revelation from Allah Allah narrat ed t o Muhammad, peace be upon him, t he st ory of Yusuf and his brot hers and how Allah raised him over t hem, giving him t he bet t er end, t riumph, t he sovereignt y and wisdom (i.e., prophet hood), even t hough t hey t ried t o harm and kill him. Allah said, ` This and similar st ories are part of t he unseen incident s of t he past , O Muhammad,

び∠マ∇Β∠ャ͡ま ヮ͡ Β͡ェヲ⊥ルぴ (which We reveal t o you.) and inform you of, O Muhammad, because it carries a lesson, for you t o draw from and a reminder t o t hose who defy you.' Allah said next ,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ` (You were not (present ) wit h t hem), you did not wit ness t heir conference nor saw t hem,

び∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ (when t hey arranged t heir plan t oget her,) t o t hrow Yusuf int o t he well,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and (while) t hey were plot t ing) against him. We t aught you all t his t hrough Our Revelat ion which We sent down t o you.' Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ∠ ⇒∠ヤ∇ホぺ∠ ラヲ⊥ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ∇クま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (You were not wit h t hem, when t hey cast lot s wit h t heir pens..) and,

ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ ∇クま͡ ヴ あ よ͡ ∇ゲピ∠ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠イよ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∠ゲ∇ョΙ ｘや (And you were not on t he west ern side, when We made clear t o Musa t he commandment ...) ぴ28:44び unt il,

びゅ∠レ∇Αキ∠ ゅ∠ル ∇クま͡ ケ͡ ヲぁトャや ょ ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠イよ͡ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And you were not at t he side of t he Tur when We did call.)ぴ28:46び Allah also said,

∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わゎ∠ リ ∠ Α∠ ∇ギョ∠ モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔Α͡ヱゅ∠を ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ (And you were not a dweller among t he people of Madyan, recit ing Our verses t o t hem.) ぴ28:45び Allah st at es t hat Muhammad is His Messenger and t hat He has t aught him t he news of what occurred in t he past , which carry lessons for people t o draw from, so t hat t hey acquire t heir safet y in t heir religious affairs as well as t heir worldly affairs. Yet , most people did not and will not believe, so Allah said,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ ろ ∠ ∇タゲ∠ ェ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And most of mankind will not believe even if you desire it eagerly.) Allah said in similar Ayat ,

リ∠ハ ポ ∠ ヲぁヤツ ͡ Α⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇ノト ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ (And if you obey most of t hose on t he eart h, t hey will mislead you far away from Allah's pat h) ぴ6:116び, and,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ る⇔ Α∠ Ε ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t his is an Ayah, yet most of t hem are not believers.) ぴ26:8び Allah said next ,

び∃ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ほ∠∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And no reward you ask of t hem for it ;) Allah says, ` You, O Muhammad, do not ask t hem in ret urn for t his advice and your call t o all t hat is good and right eous, for any price or compensat ion for delivering it . Rat her, you do so seeking Allah's Face and t o deliver good and sincere advice t o His creat ures,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあ ∀ゲ∇ミ͡ク Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ぴ (it (t he Qur'an) is no less t han a Reminder unt o t he ` Alamin (men and Jinn)) wit h which t hey remember, receive guidance and save t hemselves in t his life and t he Hereaft er.'

ラ ∠ ヱぁゲヨ⊥ Α∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ る∃ Α∠ や∠￢ リあョ リあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ッ͡ゲ∇バョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョあ る∀ Β∠ セ ͡ ゅ∠ビ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ (105. And how many a sign in t he heavens and t he eart h t hey pass by, while t hey are averse t herefrom.) (106. And most of t hem believe not in Allah except t hat t hey at t ribut e part ners unt o Him. ) (107. Do t hey t hen feel secure from t he coming against t hem of t he covering veil of t he t orment of Allah, or of t he coming against t hem of t he (Final) Hour, all of a sudden while t hey perceive not )

People neglect to ponder the Signs before Them Allah st at es t hat most people do not t hink about His signs and proofs of His Oneness t hat He creat ed in t he heavens and eart h. Allah creat ed brilliant st ars and rot at ing heavenly obj ect s and planet s, all made subservient . There are many plot s of fert ile land next t o each ot her on eart h, and gardens, solid mount ains, lively oceans, wit h t heir waves smashing against each ot her, and spacious desert s. There are many live creat ures and ot hers t hat have died; and animals, plant s and fruit s t hat are similar in shape, but different in t ast e, scent , color and at t ribut es. All praise is due t o Allah t he One and Only, Who creat ed all t ypes of creat ions, Who Alone will remain and last forever. It is He Who is unique in His Names and At t ribut es. Allah said next ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And most of t hem believe not in Allah except t hat t hey at t ribut e part ners unt o Him.) Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "They have a part of fait h, for when t hey are asked, ` Who creat ed t he heavens Who creat ed t he eart h Who creat ed t he mount ains' They say, ` Allah did.' Yet , t hey associat e ot hers wit h Him in worship.'' Similar is said by Muj ahid, ` At a, ` Ikrimah, Ash-Sha` bi, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam. In t he Sahih, it is recorded t hat during t he Haj j season, t he idolat ors used t o say in t heir Talbiyah: "Here we rush t o Your service. You have no part ners wit h You, except a part ner wit h You whom You own but he owns not !'' Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び∀ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ∀ユ∇ヤヌ ⊥ ∠ャ ポ ∠ ∇ゲゼ あ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, j oining ot hers in worship wit h Allah is a great Zulm (wrong) indeed.) ぴ31:13び This indeed is t he great est t ype of Shirk, associat ing ot hers wit h Allah in worship. It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "I said, ` O Allah's Messenger! What is t he great est sin' He said,

«マ∠ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ や６ギル͡ ぶ ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠» (That you call a rival t o Allah while He alone creat ed you.)'' Al-Hasan Al-Basri comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And most of t hem believe not in Allah except t hat t hey at t ribut e part ners unt o Him.) "This is t he hypocrit e; if he performs good deeds, he does so t o show off wit h t he people, and he is an idolat or while doing t his.'' Al-Hasan was referring t o Allah's st at ement ,

や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ハ ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギ͡ ⇒∠ガΑ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢へ∠ゲΑ⊥ ヴ∠ャゅ∠ジミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホ り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ (Verily, t he hypocrit es seek t o deceive Allah, but it is He Who deceives t hem. And when t hey st and up for As-Salah, t hey st and wit h laziness and t o be seen of men, and t hey do not remember Allah but lit t le.) ぴ4:142び There is anot her t ype of hidden Shirk t hat most people are unaware of. Hammad bin Salamah narrat ed t hat ` Asim bin Abi An-Naj ud said t hat ` Urwah said, "Hudhayfah visit ed an ill man and saw a rope t ied around his arm, so he ripped it off while recit ing,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(And most of t hem believe not in Allah except t hat t hey at t ribut e part ners unt o Him.) In a Hadit h, from Ibn ` Umar collect ed by At -Tirmidhi who said it was Hasan, t he Prophet said,

«ポ∠ゲ∇セぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ぶ ͡ や ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ブ ∠ ヤ∠ェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » (He who swears by ot her t han Allah, commit s Shirk.) Imam Ahmad, Abu Dawud and ot her scholars of Hadit h narrat ed t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ポ∇ゲセ ͡ る∠ ャ∠ヲ∠ わあ ャや∠ヱ ユ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヨわｚ ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠ホゲぁ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» (Verily, Ar-Ruqa, At -Tama'im and At -Tiwalah are all act s of Shirk.) In anot her narrat ion collect ed by Ahmad and Abu Dawud, t he Prophet said,

ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ぶ ∠ や リ ｚ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅｚャま͡ ゅｚレ͡ョ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∀ポ∇ゲ͡セ り⊥ ゲ∠ Β∠ ト あ ャや» «モぁミヲ∠ わｚ ャゅ͡よ (Verily, At -Tiyarah ぴomenび is Shirk; everyone might feel a glimpse of it , but Allah dissipat es it wit h Tawakkul.)'' Allah said next ,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョあ る∀ Β∠ セ ͡ ゅ∠ビ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Do t hey t hen feel secure from t he coming against t hem of t he covering veil of t he t orment of Allah) Allah asks, ` Do t hese idolat ors who associat e ot hers wit h Allah in t he worship, feel secure from t he coming of an encompassing t orment from where t hey perceive not ' Allah said in ot her ` Ayat ,

ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ブ ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ れ ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲム∠ ョ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや ∇ヱぺ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ∇バヨ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ら͡ ヤぁボ∠ ゎ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ グ∠ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ フ ∀ ヱ⊥ぼゲ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ フ ∃ ヲぁ ガ ∠ ゎ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ グ∠ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ (Do t hen t hose who devise evil plot s feel secure t hat Allah will not sink t hem int o t he eart h, or t hat t he t orment will not seize t hem from direct ions t hey perceive not Or t hat He may cat ch t hem in t he midst of t heir going t o and from, so t hat t here be no escape for t hem (from Allah's punishment ) Or t hat He may cat ch t hem wit h gradual wast ing (of t heir wealt h and healt h) Truly, Your Lord is indeed full of kindness, Most Merciful.) ぴ16:45-47び and,

∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔わ⇒∠Βよ∠ ゅ∠レシ ⊥ ∇ほよ∠ ユ⊥ヰΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ゅ∠レシ ⊥ ∇ほよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ぺ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨも͡ べ∠ル び ∠ラヲ⊥ら∠バ∇ヤ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ⇔エッ ⊥ ュ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇ムョ∠ リ ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇ムョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや (Did t he people of t he t owns t hen feel secure against t he coming of Our punishment by night while t hey were asleep Or, did t he people of t he t owns t hen feel secure against t he coming of Our punishment in t he forenoon while t hey were playing Did t hey t hen feel secure against t he plan of Allah None feels secure from t he plan of Allah except t he people who are t he losers.) ぴ7:97-99び

∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ Β͡ダよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヲ⊥ハ∇キぺ∠ ヴ͡ヤΒ͡らシ ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レバ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠ び (108. Say "This is my way; I invit e unt o Allah wit h sure knowledge, I and whosoever follows me. And Glorified and Exalt ed be Allah. And I am not of t he idolat ors.'')

The Messenger's Way Allah orders His Messenger t o say t o mankind and t he Jinns t hat t his is his way, meaning, his met hod, pat h and Sunnah, concent rat ing on calling t o t he t est imony t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah alone wit hout part ners. The Messenger calls t o t his t est imonial wit h sure knowledge, cert aint y and firm evidence. He calls t o t his way, and t hose who followed him call t o what Allah's Messenger called t o wit h sure knowledge, cert aint y and evidence, whet her logical or religious evidence,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Glorified and Exalt ed be Allah.) This part of t he Ayah means, I glorify, honor, revere and praise Allah from having a part ner, equal, rival, parent , son, wife, minist er or advisor. All praise and honor be t o Allah, glorified He is from all t hat t hey at t ribut e t o Him,

リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ノ⊥ ∇らｚジャや れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ ゎ⊥ ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ Ι ｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ∠ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ラ͡まヱ∠ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤェ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ エ ∠ Β͡ら∇ジゎ∠ (The seven heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is t herein, glorify Him, and t here is not a t hing but glorifies His praise. But you underst and not t heir glorificat ion. Truly, He is Ever Forbearing, Oft -Forgiving.) ぴ17:44び

∇リョあ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲぁル Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ィケ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Βプ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ケ⊥ や∠ギャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ∠ボゎｚや リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ (109. And We sent not before you (as Messengers) any but men unt o whom We revealed, from among t he people of t ownships. Have t hey not t raveled in t he land and seen what was t he end of t hose who were before t hem And verily, t he home of t he Hereaft er is t he best for t hose who have Taqwa. Do you not t hen underst and)

All of the Prophets are Humans and Men Allah st at es t hat He only sent Prophet s and Messengers from among men and not from among women, as t his Ayah clearly st at es. Allah did not reveal religious and legislat ive laws t o any woman from among t he daught ers of Adam. This is t he belief of Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jama` ah. Shaykh Abu Al-Hasan, ` Ali bin Isma` il Al-Ash` ari ment ioned t hat it is t he view of Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jama` ah, t hat t here were no female Prophet s, but t here were t rut hful believers from among women. Allah ment ions t he most honorable of t he t rut hful female believers, Maryam, t he daught er of ` Imran, when He said,

リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ Ι ｚ ま͡ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅｚョぴ び∠ュゅ∠バト ｚ ャや ラ ͡Κ ∠ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ルゅ∠ミ ∀る∠ボΑあギ͡タ ヮ⊥ ぁョぺ⊥ヱ∠ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ぁゲャや ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ (The Messiah ぴ'Isaび, son of Maryam (Mary), was no more t han a Messenger; many were t he Messengers t hat passed away before him. His mot her was a Siddiqah ぴt rut hful believerび. They bot h used t o eat food.) ぴ5:75び Therefore, t he best descript ion Allah gave her is Siddiqah. Had she been a Prophet , Allah would have ment ioned t his fact when He was praising her qualit ies and honor. Therefore, Mary was a t rut hful believer according t o t he words of t he Qur'an.

All Prophets were Humans not Angels Ad-Dahhak report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔Ιゅ∠ィケ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We sent not before you (as Messengers) any but men) "They were not from among t he resident s of t he heaven (angels), as you claimed.'' This st at ement of Ibn ` Abbas is support ed by Allah's st at ement s,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び͡ベや∠ヲ∇シΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや (And We never sent before you any of t he Messengers, but verily, t hey at e food and walked in t he market s), ぴ25:20び

∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ｚ や⇔ギ∠ジィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠イル∠ほ∠プ ギ∠ ∇ハヲ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホギ∠ タ ∠ ｚユを⊥ - リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ びリ ∠ Β͡プゲ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼルｚ (And We did not creat e t hem wit h bodies t hat at e not food, nor were t hey immort als. Then We fulfilled t o t hem t he promise. So We saved t hem and t hose whom We willed, but We dest royed ext ravagant s), ぴ21:8-9び and,

び͡モシ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ハ∇ギよ͡ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "I am not a new t hing among t he Messengers.'') ぴ46:9び Allah said next ,

びン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ぴ (from among t he people of t ownships), meaning, from among t he people of cit ies, not t hat t hey were sent among t he bedouins who are some of t he harshest and roughest of all people.

Drawing Lessons from the Incidents of the Past Allah said next ,

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Have t hey not t raveled in t he land), meaning, ` Have not t hese people who rej ect ed you, O Muhammad, t raveled in t he land,'

び∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Βプ∠ ぴ (and seen what was t he end of t hose who were before t hem) t hat is, t he earlier nat ions t hat rej ect ed t he Messengers, and how Allah dest royed t hem. A similar end is await ing all disbelievers. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

∀ゆヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ プ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びべ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ (Have t hey not t raveled t hrough t he land, and have t hey heart s wherewit h t o underst and) ぴ22:46び When t hey hear t his st at ement , t hey should realize t hat Allah dest royed t he disbelievers and saved t he believers, and t his is His way wit h His creat ion. This is why Allah said,

び∇やヲ∠ボゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ケ⊥ や∠ギャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, t he home of t he Hereaft er is t he best for t hose who have Taqwa.) Allah says, ` Just as We saved t he fait hful in t his life, We also wrot e safet y for t hem in t he Hereaft er, which is far bet t er for t hem t han t he life of t he present world.' Allah said in anot her Ayah,

り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠レャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ ∠リΒ͡ヨ͡ヤ⇒ｚヌャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ギ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇セΙ ｘ や ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや び ケ͡ やｚギャや ￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ∇バヤｚ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇バョ∠ (Verily, We will indeed make vict orious Our Messengers and t hose who believe in t his world's life and on t he Day when t he wit nesses will st and fort h (i.e. Day of Resurrect ion). The Day when t heir excuses will be of no profit t o t he wrongdoers. Theirs will be t he curse, and t heirs will be t he evil abode (in Hellfire).) ぴ40:51-52び

∇やヲ⊥よグ͡ ミ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲぁレニ ∠ ヱ∠ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ぁゲャや ザ ∠ ⇒∠∇Βわ∠ ∇シや や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ ゅ∠レシ ⊥ ∇ほよ∠ ぁキゲ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼルｚ リ∠ョ ヴ ∠イ あ レ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ダル∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ びリ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ (110. (They were reprieved) unt il, when t he Messengers gave up hope and t hought t hat t hey were denied, t hen came t o t hem Our help, and whomsoever We willed were rescued. And Our punishment cannot be warded off from t he people who are criminals.)

Allah's Prophets are aided by Victory in Times of Distress and Need Allah st at es t hat He sends His aid and support t o His Messengers, peace be upon t hem, when dist ress and hardship surround t hem and t hey eagerly await Allah's aid. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゴ͡ ∇ャコ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ダル∠ ヴ∠わョ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ (..and were so shaken t hat even t he Messenger and t hose who believed along wit h him said, "When (will come) t he help of Allah'') ぴ2:214び As for saying of Allah,

び∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ぴ (t hey were denied) There are t wo recit at ions for it . One of t hem is wit h a Shadda (meaning: t hey were bet rayed by t heir people). And t his is t he way ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, recit ed it . Al-Bukhari said t hat ` Urwah bin Az-Zubayr narrat ed t hat he asked ` Aishah about t he meaning of t he following verse,

び⊥モシ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ザ ∠ ⇒∠∇Βわ∠ ∇シや や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (` Unt il when t he Messengers give up hope...), Respit e will be grant ed, is it denied or bet rayed ` A'0ishah replied, "bet rayed.'' ` Urwah said, "I said, ` They were sure t hat t heir people bet rayed t hem, so why use t he word ` t hought '' She said, ` Yes, t hey were sure t hat t hey bet rayed t hem.' I said,

び∇やヲ⊥よグ͡ ミ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲぁレニ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey t hought t hat t hey were denied (by Allah)) ` A'0ishah said, ` Allah forbid! The Messengers did not suspect t heir Lord of such a t hing.' I asked, ` So what does t his Ayah mean' She said, ` This Verse is concerned wit h t he Messengers' followers who had fait h in t heir Lord

and believed in t heir Messengers. The period of t rials for t hose followers was long and Allah's help was delayed unt il t he Messengers gave up hope for t he conversion of t he disbelievers amongst t heir nat ion and suspect ed t hat even t heir followers were shaken in t heir belief, Allah's help t hen came t o t hem.''' Ibn Jurayj narrat ed t hat Ibn Abi Mulaikah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas read t his Ayah t his way,

び∇やヲ⊥よグ͡ ミ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲぁレニ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey t hought t hey were denied.) ` Abdullah bin Abi Mulaikah said, "Then Ibn ` Abbas said t o me t hat t hey were humans. He t hen recit ed t his Ayah,

ヴ∠わョ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ び∀ょΑ͡ゲホ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇ダル∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ダル∠ (..even t he Messenger and t hose who believed along wit h him said, "When (will come) t he help of Allah'' Yes! Cert ainly, t he help of Allah is near!)ぴ2:214び'' Ibn Jurayj also narrat ed t hat Ibn Abi Mulaykah said t hat ` Urwah narrat ed t o him t hat ` Aishah did not agree t o t his and rej ect ed it . She said, "Not hing t hat Allah has promised Muhammad, peace be upon him, but Muhammad knew for cert aint y t hat it shall come, unt il he died. However, t he Messengers were t ried wit h t rials unt il t hey t hought t hat t hose believers, who were wit h t hem, did not fully support t hem.'' Ibn Abi Mulaykah said t hat ` Urwah narrat ed t hat ` Aishah recit ed t his Ayah t his way, (やヲぁレニ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ギ∠ホ やヲ⊥よあグミ⊥ ) "and t hey t hought t hat t hey were bet rayed.'' Therefore, t here is anot her way of recit ing t his word, and t here is a difference of opinion about it s meaning. We narrat ed t he meaning t hat Ibn ` Abbas gave. Ibn Mas` ud said, as Sufyan At h-Thawri narrat ed from him, t hat he read t he Ayah t his way,

び∇やヲ⊥よグ͡ ミ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲぁレニ ∠ ヱ∠ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ぁゲャや ザ ∠ ⇒∠∇Βわ∠ ∇シや や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il, when t he Messengers gave up hope and t hought t hat t hey were denied.) ` Abdullah comment ed t hat t his is t he recit at ion t hat you dislike. Ibn ` Abbas also comment ed on t he Ayah,

び∇やヲ⊥よグ͡ ミ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲぁレニ ∠ ヱ∠ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ぁゲャや ザ ∠ ⇒∠∇Βわ∠ ∇シや や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il, when t he Messengers gave up hope and t hought t hat t hey were denied) "When t he Messengers gave up hope t hat t heir people would accept t heir messages, and t heir people t hought t hat t heir Messengers had not said t he t rut h t o t hem, Allah's vict ory came t hen,

び⊥￢べ∠ゼルｚ リ∠ョ ヴ ∠イ あ レ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (and whomsoever We willed were rescued.) Ibn Jarir At -Tabari narrat ed t hat Ibrahim bin Abi Hamzah ぴHurrahび Al-Jazari said, "A young man from Quraysh asked Sa'id bin Jubayr ` O, Abu ` Abdullah! How do you read t his word, for when I pass by it , I wish I had not read t his Surah,

び∇やヲ⊥よグ͡ ミ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲぁレニ ∠ ヱ∠ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ぁゲャや ザ ∠ ⇒∠∇Βわ∠ ∇シや や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il, when t he Messengers gave up hope and t hought t hat t hey were denied...) He said, ` Yes, it means, when t he Messengers gave up hope t hat t heir people will believe in t hem and t hose t o whom t he Messengers were sent t hought t hat t he Messengers were not t rut hful.''' Ad-Dahhak bin Muzahim comment ed, "I have not seen someone who is called t o knowledge and is lazy accept ing t he invit at ion, unt il t oday! If you t raveled t o Yemen j ust t o get t his explanat ion, it will st ill be wort h it .'' Ibn Jarir At -Tabari narrat ed t hat Muslim bin Yasar asked Sa` id bin Jubayr about t he same Ayah and he gave t he same response. Muslim st ood up and embraced Sa'id bin Jubayr, saying, "May Allah relieve a dist ress from you as you relieved a dist ress from me!'' This was report ed from Sa'id bin Jubayr t hrough various chains of narrat ion. This is also t he Tafsir t hat Muj ahid bin Jabr and several ot her Salaf scholars gave for t his Ayah. However, some scholars said t hat t he Ayah,

び∇やヲ⊥よグ͡ ミ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲぁレニ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hought t hat t hey were denied), is in reference t o t he believers who followed t he Messengers, while some said it is in reference t o t he disbelievers among t he Messengers' nat ion. In t he lat t er case, t he meaning becomes: ` and t he disbelievers t hought t hat t he Messengers were not given a t rue promise of vict ory. ' Ibn Jarir At -Tabari narrat ed t hat Tamim bin Hadhlam said, "I heard ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud comment on t his Ayah,

び⊥モシ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ザ ∠ ⇒∠∇Βわ∠ ∇シや や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il, when t he Messengers gave up hope) t hat t heir people will believe in t hem, and t heir people t hought when t he respit e was long, t hat t he Messengers were not given a t rue promise.''

ゅ∠ョ ょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ ∠ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱΙ ∀り∠ゲ∇らハ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ダ ͡ ダ ∠ ホ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ン͡グャｚや ペ ∠ Α͡ギ∇ダゎ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ゅ⇔んΑ͡ギェ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ モ ∠ Β͡ダ∇ヘゎ∠ ヱ∠ び (111. Indeed in t heir st ories, t here is a lesson for men of underst anding. It (t he Qur'an) is not a forged st at ement but a confirmat ion of t hat which was before it and a det ailed explanat ion of everyt hing and a guide and a mercy for t he people who believe.)

A Lesson for Men Who have Understanding Allah st at es here t hat t he st ories of t he Messengers and t heir nat ions and how we saved t he believers and dest royed t he disbelievers are,

び͡ょ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ ∠ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱΙ り∀ ゲ∠ ∇らハ ͡ぴ (a lesson for men of underst anding), who have sound minds,

びン∠ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ゅ⇔んΑ͡ギェ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ (It is not a forged st at ement .) Allah says here t hat t his Qur'an could not have been forged; it t ruly came from Allah,

び͡ヮ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ン͡グャｚや ペ ∠ Α͡ギ∇ダゎ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but a confirmat ion of t hat which was before it ) in reference t o t he previously revealed Divine Books, by which t his Qur'an t est ifies t o t he t rue part s t hat remain in t hem and denies and refut es t he forged part s t hat were added, changed and falsified by people. The Qur'an accept s or abrogat es what ever Allah wills of t hese Books,

び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ∠モΒ͡ダ∇ヘ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ (and a det ailed explanat ion of everyt hing) Meaning t he allowed, t he prohibit ed, t he preferred and t he disliked mat t ers. The Qur'an deals wit h t he act s of worship, t he obligat ory and recommended mat t ers, forbids t he unlawful and discourages from t he disliked. The Qur'an cont ains maj or fact s regarding t he exist ence and about mat t ers of t he fut ure in general t erms or in det ail. The Qur'an t ells us about t he Lord, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, and about His Names and At t ribut es and t eaches us t hat Allah is glorified from being similar in any way t o t he creat ion. Hence, t he Qur'an is,

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ぴ (a guide and a mercy for t he people who believe.) wit h which t heir heart s are direct ed from misguidance t o guidance and from deviat ion t o conformance, and wit h which t hey seek t he mercy of t he Lord of all creat ion in t his life and on t he Day of Ret urn. We ask Allah t he Most Great t o make us among t his group in t he life of t he present world and in t he Hereaft er, on t he Day when t hose who are successful will have faces t hat radiat e wit h light , while t hose whose faces are dark will end up wit h t he losing deal. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surah Yusuf; and all t he t hanks and praises are due t o Allah, and all our t rust and reliance are on Him Alone.

The Tafsir of Surat Ar-Ra` d (Chapter -13) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ

In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠Αへ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ゲヨャやぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ よあ ケｚ (1. Alif Lam-Mim Ra. These are t he verses of t he Book (t he Qur'an), and t hat which has been revealed unt o you from your Lord is t he t rut h, but most men believe not .)

The Qur'an is Allah's Kalam (Speech) We t alked before, in t he beginning of Surat Al-Baqarah (chapt er 2) about t he meaning of t he let t ers t hat appear in t he beginnings of some chapt ers in t he Qur'an. We st at ed t hat every Surah t hat st art s wit h separat e let t ers, affirms t hat t he Qur'an is miraculous and is an evidence t hat it is a revelat ion from Allah, and t hat t here is no doubt or denying in t his fact . This is why Allah said next ,

び͡ょ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠Αへ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ (These are t he verses of t he Book), t he Qur'an, which Allah described aft erwards,

び∠マ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (and t hat which has been revealed unt o you), O Muhammad,

びぁペ∠エ∇ャや マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ リ͡ョぴ (from your Lord is t he t rut h,) Allah said next ,

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but most men believe not .) j ust as He said in anot her Ayah,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ ろ ∠ ∇タゲ∠ ェ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And most of mankind will not believe even if you desire it eagerly.) ぴ12:103び Allah declares t hat even aft er t his clear, plain and unequivocal explanat ion (t he Qur'an), most men will st ill not believe, due t o t heir rebellion, st ubbornness and hypocrisy.

ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ギ∃ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ノ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ ヱ∠ ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ヲわ∠ ∇シや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΓや モ ⊥ あダヘ∠ Α⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ゲ⊥ ｚよギ∠ Α⊥ ヴ⇒６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∃ィ ∠Ε ∠ ン͡ゲ∇イΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥ゎ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ボヤ͡よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ (2. Allah is He Who raised t he heavens wit hout any pillars t hat you can see. Then, He rose above (Ist awa) t he ` Arsh ぴThroneび. He has subj ect ed t he sun and t he moon, each running (it s course) for a t erm appoint ed. He manages and regulat es all affairs; He explains t he Ayat in det ail, t hat you may believe wit h cert aint y in t he meet ing wit h your Lord.)

Clarifying Allah's Perfect Ability Allah ment ions His perfect abilit y and infinit e aut horit y, since it is He Who has raised t he heavens wit hout pillars by His permission and order. He, by His leave, order and power, has elevat ed t he heavens high above t he eart h, dist ant and far away from reach. The heaven nearest t o t he present world encompasses t he eart h from all direct ions, and is also high above it from every direct ion. The dist ance bet ween t he first heaven and t he eart h is five hundred years from every direct ion, and it s t hickness is also five hundred years. The second heaven surrounds t he first heaven from every direct ion, encompassing everyt hing t hat t he lat t er carries, wit h a t hickness also of five hundred years and a dist ance bet ween t hem of five hundred years. The same is also t rue about t he t hird, t he fourt h, t he fift h, t he sixt h and t he sevent h heavens. Allah said,

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ れ ∃ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨシ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ びｚリヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ (It is Allah who has creat ed seven heavens and of t he eart h t he like t hereof.) ぴ65:12び Allah said next ,

びゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ギ∃ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ぴ (..wit hout any pillars t hat you can see.) meaning, ` t here are pillars, but you cannot see t hem,' according t o Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, and several ot her scholars. Iyas bin Mu` awiyah said, "The heaven is like a dome over t he eart h,'' meaning, wit hout pillars. Similar was report ed from Qat adah, and t his meaning is bet t er for t his part of t he Ayah, especially since Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び͡ヮ͡ル∇ク͡み͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ∠ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ジ ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ

(He wit hholds t he heaven from falling on t he eart h except by His permission. )ぴ22:65び Therefore, Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ぴ (..t hat you can see), affirms t hat t here are no pillars. Rat her, t he heaven is elevat ed (above t he eart h) wit hout pillars, as you see. This meaning best affirms Allah's abilit y and power.

Al-Istawa', Rising above the Throne Allah said next ,

び͡ス∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ヲわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then, He rose above (Ist awa) t he Throne.) We explained t he meaning of t he Ist awa' in Surat Al-A` raf (7:54), and st at ed t hat it should be accept ed as it is wit hout alt ering, equat ing, annulling it s meaning, or at t empt s t o explain it s t rue nat ure. Allah is glorified and praised from all t hat t hey at t ribut e t o Him.

Allah subjected the Sun and the Moon to rotate continuously Allah said,

モ ∃ィ ∠Ε ∠ ン͡ゲ∇イΑ∠ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びヴ⇒６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ (He has subj ect ed t he sun and t he moon, each running (it s course) for a t erm appoint ed.) It was said t hat t he sun and t he moon cont inue t heir course unt il t hey cease doing so upon t he commencement of t he Final Hour, as Allah st at ed,

びゅ⇒∠ヰャｚ ゲｙ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ャ͡ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (And t he sun runs on it s fixed course for a t erm (appoint ed).)ぴ36:38び It was also said t hat t he meaning is: unt il t hey set t le under t he Throne of Allah aft er passing t he ot her side of t he eart h. So when t hey, and t he rest of t he planet ary bodies reach t here, t hey are at t he furt hest dist ance from t he Throne. Because according t o t he correct view, which t he t ext s prove, it is shaped like a domb, under which is all of t he creat ion. It is not circular like t he celest ial bodies, because it has pillars by which it is carried. This fact is clear t o t hose who correct ly underst and t he Ayat and aut hent ic Hadit hs. All t he (praise is due t o) Allah and all t he favors are from Him. Allah ment ioned t he sun and t he moon here because t hey are among t he bright est seven heavenly obj ect s. Therefore, if Allah subj ect ed t hese t o His power, t hen it is clear t hat He has also subj ect ed all ot her heavenly obj ect s. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇シや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ヤ͡ャ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ロ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや (Prost rat e yourselves not t o t he sun nor t o t he moon, but prost rat e yourselves t o Allah Who creat ed t hem, if you (really) worship Him.) ぴ41:37び and,

Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ れ ∃ ゲ∠ ガ ｚジ ∠ ョ⊥ ュ∠ ヲ⊥イレぁ ャや∠ヱ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ペ ⊥ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ (And (He creat ed) t he sun, t he moon, t he st ars subj ect ed t o His command. Surely, His is t he creat ion and commandment . Blessed is Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s!) ぴ7:54び Allah's st at ement next ,

び∠ラヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥ゎ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ボヤ͡よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΓや モ ⊥ あダヘ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (He explains t he Ayat in det ail, t hat you may believe wit h cert aint y in t he Meet ing wit h your Lord.) means, He explains t he signs and clear evidences t hat t est ify t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Him. These evidences prove t hat He will resurrect creat ion if He wills, j ust as He st art ed it .

ヴ ∠シ ͡ やヱ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ギｚ ョ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ リ ͡ ∇Βィ ∠ ∇ヱコ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ んｚ ャや あモミ⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ や⇔ゲ⇒∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ヴ͡ゼ∇ピΑ⊥ リ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇をや れ ∀ ケ∠ ヲ͡ ⇒∠イわ∠ ョぁ ノ∀ ト ∠ ホ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∀ ヲ∠ ∇レタ ͡ ∀モΒ͡ガル∠ ヱ∠ ネ ∀ ∇ケコ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ∠ヱ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ モ ⊥ あツヘ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ギ∃ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ￢∃ べ∠ヨよ͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ジΑ⊥ ラ ∃ ヲ∠ ∇レタ ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ モ ͡ ミ⊥ Ι ｙ や ヴ͡プ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ び (3. And it is He Who spread out t he eart h, and placed t herein firm mount ains and rivers and of every kind of fruit He made Zawj ayn It hnayn (t wo in pairs). He brings t he night as a cover over

t he day. Verily, in t hese t hings, t here are Ayat (signs) for people who reflect . ) (4. And in t he eart h are neighboring t ract s, and gardens of vines, and green crops (fields), and dat e palms, growing int o t wo or t hree from a single st em root , or ot herwise, wat ered wit h t he same wat er; yet some of t hem We make more excellent t han ot hers t o eat . Verily, in t hese t hings t here are Ayat (signs) for t he people who underst and.)

Allah's Signs on the Earth Aft er Allah ment ioned t he higher worlds, He st art ed assert ing His power, wisdom and cont rol over t he lower part s of t he world. Allah said,

び∠チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ギｚ ョ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And it is He Who spread out t he eart h) made it spacious in lengt h and widt h. Allah has placed on t he eart h firm mount ains and made rivers, springs and wat er st reams run t hrough it , so t hat t he various kinds of fruit s and plant s of every color, shape, t ast e and scent are wat ered wit h t his wat er,

びリ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇をや リ ͡ ∇Βィ ∠ ∇ヱコ∠ ｙモミ⊥ リ͡ョぴ (and of every kind of fruit He made Zawj ayn It hnayn.), t wo t ypes from every kind of fruit ,

び∠ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ヴ͡ゼ∇ピΑ⊥ ぴ (He brings t he night as a cover over t he day.) Allah made t he day and night pursue each ot her, when one is about t o depart , t he ot her overcomes it , and vice versa. Allah cont rols t ime j ust as He cont rols space and mat t er,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t hese t hings, t here are Ayat for people who reflect .) who reflect on Allah's signs and t he evidences of His wisdom. Allah said,

び∀れケ∠ ヲ͡ ⇒∠イわ∠ ョぁ ノ∀ ト ∠ ホ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ (And in t he eart h are neighboring t ract s, ) Meaning, next t o each ot her, some of t hem are fert ile and produce what benefit s people, while ot hers are dead, salt y and do not produce anyt hing. This meaning was collect ed from Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Ad-Dahhak and several ot hers. This also covers t he various colors and t ypes of diverse areas on t he eart h; some red, some whit e, or yellow, or black, some are st ony, or flat , or sandy, or t hick, or t hin, all made t o neighbor each ot her while preserving t heir own qualit ies. All t his indicat es t he exist ence of t he Creat or Who does what He wills, t here is no deit y or lord except Him. Allah said next ,

び∀モΒ͡ガル∠ ヱ∠ ネ ∀ ∇ケコ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ろ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and gardens of vines, and green crops (fields), and dat e palms...) Allah's st at ement , next ,

び∃ラヲ∠ ∇レタ ͡ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∀ ヲ∠ ∇レタ ͡ ぴ (Sinwanun wa (or) Ghayru Sinwan.) ` Sinwan' means, growing int o t wo or t hree from a single st em, such as figs, pomegranat e and dat es. ` Ghayru Sinwan' means, having one st em for every t ree, as is t he case wit h most plant s. From t his meaning, t he pat ernal uncle is called one's ` Sinw' of his fat her. There is an aut hent ic Hadit h t hat st at es t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t o ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab,

«ヮΒ͡よぺ∠ ヲ⊥ ∇レタ ͡ モ ͡ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ユｚ ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ れ ∠ ∇ゲバ∠ セ ∠ ゅ∠ョぺ∠» (Do you not know t hat man's pat ernal uncle is t he Sinw of his fat her) Allah said next ,

び͡モミ⊥ Ι ｙ や ヴ͡プ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ モ ⊥ あツヘ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ギ∃ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (wat ered wit h t he same wat er; yet some of t hem We make more excellent t han ot hers t o eat .) Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat t he Prophet comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

び͡モミ⊥ Ι ｙ や ヴ͡プ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ モ ⊥ あツヘ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (yet some of t hem We make more excellent t han ot hers t o eat .)

«ヂ͡ョゅ∠エ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥ヲ∇ヤエ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩ぁヶ͡シ͡ケゅ∠ヘ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥モホ∠ ギｚ ャや» (The Dagal, t he Persian, t he sweet , t he bit t er... '') At -Tirmidhi collect ed t his Hadit h and said, "Hasan Gharib.'' Therefore, t here are differences bet ween plant s and fruit s wit h regards t o shape, color, t ast e, scent , blossoms and t he shape of t heir leaves. There are plant s t hat are very sweet or sour, bit t er or mild, fresh; some plant s have a combinat ion of t hese at t ribut es, and t he t ast e t hen changes and becomes anot her t ast e, by Allah's will. There is also some t hat are yellow in color, or red, or whit e, or black, or blue, and t he same can be said about t heir flowers; and all t hese variances and complex diversit ies are wat ered by t he same wat er. Surely, in t his t here are signs for t hose who have sound reasoning, and surely, all t his indicat es t he exist ence of t he Creat or Who does what He wills and Whose power made dist inct ions bet ween various t hings and creat ed t hem as He wills. So Allah said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t hese t hings t here are Ayat for t he people who underst and.)

ゅｚル￢͡ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ゲゎ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ や∠ク￢͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ ょ ∀ イ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ∇ょイ ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ギ∃ Α͡ギィ ∠ ペ ∃ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ボ͡ ⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ∇ビｘΙや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ャ∠∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱギ͡ヤ⇒カ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや (5. And if you wonder, t hen wondrous is t heir saying: "When we are dust , shall we indeed t hen be (raised) in a new creat ion'' They are t hose who disbelieved in t heir Lord! They are t hose who will have iron chains linking t heir hands t o t heir necks. They will be dwellers of t he Fire t o abide t herein forever.)

Denying Resurrection after Death, is Strange Allah says t o His Messenger Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him,

び∇ょイ ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if you wonder.) at t he rej ect ion of t he polyt heist s who deny Resurrect ion, even t hough t hey wit ness Allah's signs and evidences t hat He made in His creat ion which t est ify t hat He is able t o do everyt hing. Yet , t hey admit t hat Allah originat ed t he creat ion of all t hings and brought t hem int o exist ence aft er t hey were not hing. However, t hey deny Allah's claim t hat He will resurrect t he world anew, even t hough t hey admit t o what is more amazing t han what t hey deny and rej ect . Therefore, it is amazing t hat t hey said,

び∃ギΑ͡ギィ ∠ ペ ∃ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ゅｚル￢͡ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ゲゎ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ や∠ク￢͡ ぺ∠ぴ (When we are dust , shall we indeed t hen be (raised) in a new creat ion) It is an obvious fact t o every sane and knowledgeable person t hat creat ing t he heavens and eart h is a great er feat t han creat ing men, and t hat He Who has originat ed creat ion is more able t o resurrect it anew,

れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ∃ キ͡ ゅ∠ボよ͡ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ボ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ よ͡ ヴ ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや (Do t hey not see t hat Allah, Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, and was not wearied by t heir creat ion, is able t o give life t o t he dead Yes, He surely is able t o do all t hings)ぴ46:33び Allah described t hose who deny Resurrect ion,

ヴ͡プ モ ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ∇ビΙ ｘやマ ∠ ゃ͡ ャ∠∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ボ͡ ⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠ (They are t hose who disbelieved in t heir Lord! They are t hose who will have iron chains linking t heir hands t o t heir necks. ) They will be dragged in t he Fire by t hese chains,

び∠ラヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (They will be dwellers of t he Fire t o abide t herein forever.), for t hey will remain in Hell forever and will never escape it or be removed from it .

リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ る͡ ゃ∠ Βあ ジ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ͡イ∇バ∠わ∇ジ∠Α∠ヱぴ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤあャ り∃ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヱ⊥グャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ヤん⊥ ∠ヨ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギゼ ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤニ ⊥ (6. They ask you t o hast en t he evil before t he good, while exemplary punishment s have indeed occurred before t hem. But verily, your Lord is full of forgiveness for mankind, in spit e of t heir wrongdoing. And verily, your Lord is (also) severe in punishment .)

The Disbelievers ask for the Punishment to be delivered now! Allah said,

び∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ͡イ∇バ∠わ∇ジ∠Α∠ヱぴ (They ask you t o hast en), in reference t o t he disbelievers,

び͡るレ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ る͡ ゃ∠ Βあ ジ ｚ ャゅ͡よぴ (t he evil before t he good,) meaning, t he punishment . Allah said in ot her Ayat t hat t hey said,

∀ラヲレ⊥ ∇イヨ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ミあグャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴあ ル⊥ ン͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ -リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レΒ͡ゎ∇ほ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヲャｚ -

や⇔クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ャゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠ョ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ∠ レぁョ (And t hey say: "O you t o whom t he Dhikr (t he Qur'an) has been sent down! Verily, you are a mad man! Why do you not bring angels t o us if you are of t he t rut hful'' We send not t he angels down except wit h t he t rut h (i.e. for t orment ), and in t hat case, t hey (t he disbelieves) would have no respit e!)ぴ15:6-8び, and t wo Ayat ;

びゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ͡イ∇バ∠わ∇ジ∠Α∠ヱぴ (And t hey ask you t o hast en on t he t orment !)ぴ29:53-54び Allah also said,

び ノ∃ ホ͡ や∠ヱ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ∀モ͡もべ∠シ メ ∠ ほ∠シ ∠ぴ (A quest ioner asked concerning a t orment about t o befall.) ぴ70:1び,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰよ͡ モ ⊥イ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ぴ びぁペエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ (Those who believe not t herein seek t o hast en it , while t hose who believe are fearful of it , and know t hat it is t he very t rut h.)ぴ42:18び, and,

びゅ∠レト ｚ ホ͡ ゅ∠レャｚ モあイハ ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (They say: "Our Lord! Hast en t o us Qit t ana.)ぴ38:16び, meaning, our due t orment and reckoning. Allah said t hat t hey also supplicat ed,

∇リョ͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∠ポギ͡ レ͡ハ (And (remember) when t hey said: "O Allah! If t his (t he Qur'an) is indeed t he t rut h from You.)ぴ8:32び They were such rebellious, st ubborn disbelievers t hat t hey asked t he Messenger t o bring t hem Allah's t orment . Allah replied,

び⊥ろ⇒∠ヤん⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(while exemplary punishment s have indeed occurred before t hem.) Meaning, ` We have exert ed Our punishment on t he previous disbelieving nat ions, and made t hem a lesson and example for t hose who might t ake heed from t heir dest ruct ion.' If it was not for His forbearance and forgiveness, Allah would have indeed punished t hem sooner. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや グ⊥ カ ͡ や∠ぽΑ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∃るよｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ワゲ͡ ∇ヰニ ∠ (And if Allah were t o punish men for t hat which t hey earned, He would not leave a moving creat ure on t he surface of t he eart h.)ぴ35:45び Allah said in t his honorable Ayah,

び∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤニ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤあャ り∃ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヱ⊥グャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (But verily, your Lord is full of forgiveness for mankind in spit e of t heir wrongdoing.) He is full of forgiveness, pardoning and covering t he mist akes of people, in spit e of t heir wrongdoing and t he errors commit t ed night and day. Allah next reminds t hat His punishment is severe, so t hat fear and hope are bot h addressed and ment ioned. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ぁキゲ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ バ∠ シ ͡ ヱ∠ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ⊥ク ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケｚ モ⊥ボプ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ シ ⊥ ∇ほよ∠ (If t hey belie you, say: "Your Lord is t he Owner of vast mercy, and never will His wrat h be t urned back from t he people who are criminals.'')ぴ6:147び

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ケ∀ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Α͡ゲジ ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, your Lord is quick in ret ribut ion and cert ainly He is Oft -Forgiving, Merciful.)ぴ7:167び, and,

Most

ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ヴあルぺ∠ ン͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇￢ヴあらル∠ ぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヴ͡よや∠グハ ∠ (Declare unt o My servant s t hat t ruly I am t he Oft -Forgiving, t he Most Merciful. And t hat My t orment is indeed t he most painful t orment .)ぴ15:49-50び There are many ot her Ayat t hat ment ion bot h fear and hope.

ヮ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∀る∠Αへ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ Ι∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び キ∃ ゅ∠ワ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ モ あ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∀ケグ͡ レ⊥ョ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ (7. And t he disbelievers say: "Why is not a sign sent down t o him from his Lord'' You are only a warner, and t o every people t here is a guide.)

The Idolators ask for a Miracle Allah st at es t hat out of t heir disbelief and st ubbornness, t he idolat ors asked why is not a miracle sent down t o t he Messenger from his Lord, j ust like t he earlier Messengers For inst ance, t he disbelievers were being st ubborn when t hey asked t he Prophet t o t urn As-Safa int o gold, t o remove t he mount ains from around t hem, and t o replace t hem wit h green fields and rivers. Allah said,

ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲルぁ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レバ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ャヱｚ ｘΙや (And not hing st ops Us from sending t he Ayat but t hat t he people of old denied t hem.)ぴ17:59び Allah said here,

び⊥ケグ͡ レ⊥ョ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (You are only a warner), and your dut y is only t o convey Allah's Message which He has ordered you,

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ギワ⊥ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ (Not upon you is t heir guidance, but Allah guides whom He wills.)ぴ2:272び Allah said;

び∃キゅ∠ワ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ モ あ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t o every people t here is a guide.) meaning t hat for every people t here has been a caller, according t o Ibn ` Abbas and as narrat ed from him by Ali bin Abi Talhah. Allah said in a similar Ayah, a

び∀ゲΑ͡グル∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ Κ ∠カ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョあ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And t here never was a nat ion but a warner had passed among t hem.)ぴ35:24び Similar has report ed from Qat adah and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd.

ュ⊥ ゅ∠ェ∇ケΙ ｘやヂ ⊥ Β͡ピゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ∠んル⊥ぺ ぁモミ⊥ モ ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ハ - ∃ケや∠ギ∇ボ͡ヨ͡よ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヱ∠ キ⊥ や∠キ∇ゴゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ びメ ͡ ゅ∠バわ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Β͡らム∠ ∇ャや り͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ (8. Allah knows what every female bears, and by how much t he wombs fall short (of t heir t ime or number) or exceed. Everyt hing wit h Him is in (due) proport ion.) (9. All-Knower of t he unseen and t he seen, t he Most Great , t he Most High.)

Allah is All-Knower of Al-Ghayb (Unseen) Allah affirms His perfect knowledge, from which not hing is hidden, and t hat He has complet e knowledge of what ever every female creat ure is carrying,

び͡ュゅ∠ェ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He knows t hat which is in t he wombs.)ぴ31:34び, whet her male or female, fair or ugly, miserable or happy, whet her it will have a long or a short life. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∇ユミ⊥ ほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ び∀るレｚ ィ ͡ ぺ∠ (He knows you well when He creat ed you from t he eart h, and when you were fet uses.)ぴ53:32び, and,

ペ ∃ ∇ヤカ ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇ユ⇒⊥ムわ͡ ⇒∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ボ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ぴ び∃ゑ⇒∠ヤを∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ ヴ͡プ (He creat es you in t he wombs of your mot her: creat ion aft er creat ion in t hree veils of darkness.)ぴ39:6び meaning st age aft er st age. Allah also said,

ｚユを⊥ - リ ∃ Β͡デ リあョ る∃ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤシ ⊥ リ͡ョ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡ や ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ る∠ ヘ∠ ∇トレぁ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ｚユを⊥ - リ ∃ Β͡ムョｚ ケ∃ や∠ゲホ∠ ヴ͡プ る⇔ ヘ∠ ∇トル⊥ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヌハ ͡ る∠ ピ∠ ∇ツヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボヤ∠ガ ∠ プ∠ る⇔ ピ∠ ∇ツョ⊥ る∠ ボ∠ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠ガ∠プ る⇔ ボ∠ ヤ∠ハ ∠

ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ほゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔ヨ∇エャ∠ ユ∠ ⇒∠ヌバ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∇ヲジ ∠ ム∠ プ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ボヤ͡⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らわ∠ プ∠ (And indeed We creat ed man out of an ext ract of clay. Thereaft er We made him as a Nut fah in a safe lodging. Then We made t he Nut fah int o a clot , t hen We made t he clot int o a lit t le lump of flesh, t hen We made out of t hat lit t le lump of flesh bones, t hen We clot hed t he bones wit h flesh, and t hen We brought it fort h as anot her creat ion. So Blessed is Allah, t he Best of creat ors.)ぴ23:12-14び In t he t wo Sahihs it is recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヮ͡ ョあ ぺ⊥ リ ͡ ∇トよ∠ ヶ͡プ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ペ ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» る⇔ ピ∠ ∇ツョ⊥ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠マャ͡ク∠ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ る⇔ ボ∠ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ノ͡ よ∠ ∇ケほ∠よ͡ ゲ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ぽΒ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔ムヤ∠ョ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ぶ ⊥ やゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠マャ͡ク∠ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ヶ ｘ ボ͡ セ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ロゲ͡ ∇ヨハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮホ͡ ∇コケ͡ ょ ͡ ∇わム∠ よ͡ ∩∃れゅ∠ヨヤ͡ミ∠ «ギΒ͡バシ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ (The mat t er of t he creat ion of one of you is put t oget her in t he womb of t he mot her in fort y days, and t hen he becomes a clot of t hick blood for a similar period, and t hen a piece of flesh for a similar period. Then Allah sends an angel who is ordered t o writ e four t hings. He is ordered t o writ e down his provisions, his life span, his deeds, and whet her he will be blessed or wret ched.'') In anot her Hadit h, t he Prophet said,

ゆ あ ケ∠ ∇ヵぺ∠ ∨ヴ∠ん∇ルぺ⊥ ∇ュぺ∠ ゲ∀ ミ∠ ク∠ ぺ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ∇ヵぺ∠ :マ ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ » メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨⊥モィ ∠ ほ∠∇ャや ゅ∠ヨ∠プ ∨∀ベ∇コゲあ ャや ゅ∠ヨ∠プ ∨∀ギΒ͡バシ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ヶ ｘ ボ͡ セ ∠ ぺ∠ «マ∠ヤ∠ヨ∇ャや ょ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ :ぶ ⊥ や (Then t he angel asks, "O my Lord! Is it a male or a female, miserable or happy, what is it s provisions and life span'' Allah t hen ordains and t he angel records it .) Allah said next ,

び⊥キや∠キ∇ゴゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ェ∇ケΙ ｘやヂ ⊥ Β͡ピゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and by how much t he wombs fall short or exceed.) Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ :ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ｚリヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩∀ザ∇ヨカ ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ウ ⊥ Β͡ゎゅ∠ヘョ∠ » ゅｚャま͡ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ェ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヂ ⊥ Β͡ピゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ぶや ゅｚャま͡ ギ∃ ビ ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ぶや ゅｚャま͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ト ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヴ∠わョ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ぶや ヴ∠わョ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥れヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ チ ∃ ∇ケぺ∠ ヵ あ ほ∠よ͡ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ヵ͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ «ぶや ゅｚャま͡ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ (The Keys of t he Ghayb (unseen knowledge) are five, nobody knows t hem but Allah. Nobody knows what will happen t omorrow except Allah; nobody knows what is in t he womb except Allah; nobody knows when it will rain except Allah; no soul knows at what place he will die except Allah; and nobody knows when t he (Final) Hour will begin except Allah.) Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said,

び⊥ュゅ∠ェ∇ケｘΙや ヂ ⊥ Β͡ピゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and by how much t he wombs fall short ), t his refers t o miscarriages,

び⊥キや∠キ∇ゴゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (or exceed), t his refers t o carrying her fet us in her womb for t he full t erm. Some women carry t heir fet us for t en mont hs, while ot hers for nine mont hs. Some t erms are longer or short er t han ot hers. This is t he falling short or exceeding t hat Allah t he Exalt ed ment ioned, and all t his occurs by His knowledge.'' Qat adah comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

び∃ケや∠ギ∇ボヨ͡ よ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (Everyt hing wit h Him is in proport ion.) "For a t erm appoint ed. Allah has t he records of t he provisions and t erms of His creat ion and made an appoint ed t erm for everyt hing.'' An aut hent ic Hadit h ment ioned t hat one of t he Prophet 's daught ers sent (a messenger) t o him request ing him t o come as her child was dying, but t he Prophet ret urned t he messenger and t old him t o say t o her,

ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ヴ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ぶ ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡» «ょ͡ジわ∠ ∇エわ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇ダわ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥ゲヨ⊥ プ∠ ∩ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョ⊥ モ ∃ィ ∠ ほ∠よ͡ (Verily, what ever Allah t akes is for Him and what ever He gives is for Him, and everyt hing wit h Him has a limit ed fixed t erm (in t his world), and so she should be pat ient and hope for Allah's reward.) Allah said next ,

び͡りギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ハぴ (All-Knower of t he Ghayb (t he unseen) and t he Shahadah (t he wit nessable),) Who knows everyt hing t hat t he servant s see and all what t hey cannot see, and none of it ever escapes His knowledge,

び⊥ゲΒ͡らム∠ ∇ャやぴ (t he Most Great ), great er t han everyt hing,

び͡メゅ∠バわ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャやぴ (t he Most High.) above everyt hing,

びゅ∠ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヅ ∠ ゅ∠ェぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ ((Allah) surrounds all t hings in (His) knowledge.)ぴ65:12び, and has full power over all t hings, t he necks are under His cont rol and t he servant s are subservient t o Him, willingly or unwillingly.

∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ゲｚ シ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シぴ ∀ろ⇒∠らボあ バ∠ ョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ - ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャゅよ͡ ∀ゆ͡ケゅ∠シ∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よ ブ ∃ ∇ガわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヌヘ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ほよ͡ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒあ ピ∠ Α⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ョ ゲ⊥ あΒピ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ リョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ キｚ ゲ∠ ョ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ヱ∠ びメ ∃ や∠ヱ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ (10. It is t he same (t o Him) whet her any of you conceals his speech or declares it openly, whet her he be hid by night or goes fort h freely by day.) (11. For him (each person), t here are angels in succession, before and behind him. They guard him by t he command of Allah. Verily, Allah will not change t he (good) condit ion of a people as long as t hey do not change t heir st at e (of goodness) t hemselves. But when Allah wills a people's punishment , t here can be no t urning it back, and t hey will find besides Him no prot ect or.)

Allah's Knowledge encompasses all Things Apparent and Hidden

Allah declares t hat His knowledge is encompassing all of His creat ion, t hose who declare t heir speech or hide it , He hears it and not hing of it ever escapes His observat ion. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

び ヴ∠ヘ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲｚ ジ あ ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ゲヰ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if you speak aloud, t hen verily, He knows t he secret and t hat which is yet more hidden.)ぴ20:7び, and,

び∠ラヲ⊥レヤ͡∇バゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And (Allah) knows what you conceal and what you reveal.) ` A'ishah said, "All praise is due t o Allah Whose hearing has encompassed all voices! By Allah, she who came t o complain about her husband t o t he Messenger of Allah was speaking while I was in anot her part of t he room, yet I did not hear some of what she said. Allah sent down,

ゅ∠ヰ͡ィ∇ヱ∠コ ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ャ⊥キ͡ ゅ∠イゎ⊥ ヴ͡わャｚや メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ノ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ べヨ⊥ミケ∠ ヱ⊥ ゅ∠エゎ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ͡ムわ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ヱ∠ び ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ (Indeed Allah has heard t he st at ement of her t hat disput es wit h you concerning her husband and complains t o Allah. And Allah hears t he argument bet ween you bot h. Verily, Allah is AllHearer, All-Seer.)ぴ58:1び Allah said next ,

び͡モ∇Βャｚゅ͡よ ブ ∃ ∇ガわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (whet her he be hid by night ), in his house in t he darkness of t he night ,

び͡ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャゅ͡よ ∀ゆ͡ケゅ∠シ∠ヱぴ (or goes fort h freely by day.) moves about during t he daylight ; bot h are encompassed by Allah's knowledge. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠Βを͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ Ι∠ぺぴ (Surely, even when t hey cover t hemselves wit h t heir garment s.) ぴ11:5び, and,

ラ ∃ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇わゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∃ ∇ほセ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ∇クま͡ や⇔キヲ⊥ヰセ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ モ ∃ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇んョあ リ͡ョ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リハ ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゴ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツΒ͡ヘゎ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ͡ョ ゲ∠ ピ∠ ∇タぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ Ι∠ヱ (Neit her you do any deed nor recit e any port ion of t he Qur'an nor you do any deed, but We are wit ness t hereof when you are doing it . And not hing is hidden from your Lord (so much as) t he a speck of dust on t he eart h or in t he heaven. Not what is less t han t hat or what is great er t han t hat but is (writ t en) in a Clear Record.)ぴ10:61び

The Guardian Angels Allah said next ,

ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヌヘ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リあョ ∀ろ⇒∠らボあ バ∠ ョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ (For him (each person), t here are angels in succession, before and behind him. They guard him by t he command of Allah.) Allah st at es t hat t here are angels who t ake t urns guarding each servant , some by night and some by day. These angels prot ect each person from harm and accident s. There are also angels who t ake t urns recording t he good and evil deeds, some angels do t his by day and some by night . There are t wo angels, one t o t he right and one t o t he left of each person, recording t he deeds. The angel t o t he right records t he good deeds, while t he angel t o t he left records t he evil deeds. There are also t wo angels t hat guard and prot ect each person, one from t he back and one from in front . Therefore, t here are four angels t hat surround each person by day and t hey are replaced by four ot hers at night , t wo scribes and t wo guards. An aut hent ic Hadit h st at es,

∩͡ケゅ∠ヰレｚャゅよ る∀ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤョ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャゅ͡よ る∀ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤョ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らホ∠ ゅ∠バわ∠ Α∠ » ∩͡ゲ∇ダ∠バ∇ャや り͡ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ヱ∠ ウ ͡ ∇らダ ぁ ャや り͡ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ͡ わ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ほ∠∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠よ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ダΒ∠ プ∠

∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ :∇ユム⊥ よ͡ «ラヲぁヤダ ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ラヲぁヤダ ∠ Α⊥ (Angels t ake t urns around you, some at night and some by day, and all of t hem assemble t oget her at t he t ime of t he Faj r and ` Asr prayers. Then t hose who have st ayed wit h you t hroughout t he night , ascend t o Allah Who asks t hem, and He knows t he answer bet t er t han t hey about you, "How have you left My servant s'' They reply, "As we have found t hem praying, we have left t hem praying.'') Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ レ⊥ Α͡ゲホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ モ ∠ ミあ ヱ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» «る∠ムも͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ レ⊥ Α͡ゲホ∠ ヱ∠ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや (Verily, every one among you has his companion from t he Jinn and his companion from t he angels.'') They said, "And you t oo, O Allah's Messenger'' He said,

ゅｚャま͡ ヶ͡ルゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヶ͡レル∠ ゅ∠ハぺ∠ ぶ ∠ やリ ｚ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ヵゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ » «ゲ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ (And I t oo, except t hat Allah has helped me against him, so he only orders me t o do good.) Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h. Ibn Abi Hat im narrat ed t hat Ibrahim said, "Allah revealed t o a Prophet from among t he Children of Israel, ` Say t o your nat ion: every people of a village or a house who used t o obey Allah but changed t heir behavior t o disobeying Him, t hen He will t ake away from t hem what t hey like and exchange it for what t hey dislike.'' Ibrahim next said t hat t his st at ement has proof in Allah's Book,

ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒあ ピ∠ Α⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ョ ゲ⊥ あΒピ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ほよ͡ (Verily, Allah will not change t he (good) condit ion of a people as long as t hey do not change t heir st at e (of goodness) t hemselves.)

￢⊥ ヴ͡ゼ∇レΑ⊥ ∠ヱ ゅ⇔バヨ∠ デ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅプ⇔ ∇ヲカ ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ゲら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∇ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ハｚゲャや ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ - メ ∠ ゅ∠ボんあ ャや ゆ ∠ ゅ∠エジ ｚ ャや

リ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ょ ⊥ Β͡ダΒ⊥ プ∠ ペ ∠ハ ͡ ヲ∠ ダ ｚ ャや モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヘ∠ Β͡カ ∇リョ͡ びメ ͡ ゅ∠エヨ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ (12. It is He Who shows you t he light ning, as a fear and as a hope. And it is He Who brings up t he clouds, heavy (wit h wat er).) (13. And Ar-Ra'd (t hunder) glorifies and praises Him, and so do t he angels because of His awe. He sends t he t hunderbolt s, and t herewit h He st rikes whom He wills, yet t hey (disbelievers) disput e about Allah. And He is Might y in st rengt h and Severe in punishment .)

Clouds, Thunder and Lightning are Signs of Allah's Power Allah st at es t hat He has full power over Al-Barq (light ning), which is t he bright light t hat originat es from wit hin clouds. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas once wrot e t o Abu Al-Jald asking about t he meaning of Al-Barq, and he said t hat it is wat er. Qat adah comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ⇔バヨ∠ デ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プ∇ヲカ ∠ぴ (as a fear and as a hope.) "Fear for t ravelers, for t hey feel afraid of it s harm and hardship, and hope for resident s, await ing it s blessing and benefit and ant icipat ing Allah's provisions.'' Allah said next ,

び∠メゅ∠ボんあ ャや ゆ ∠ ゅ∠エジ ｚ ャや ￢⊥ ヴ͡ゼ∇レΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And it is He Who brings up t he clouds, heavy.) meaning, He originat es t he clouds t hat are heavy and close t o t he ground because of being laden wit h rain. Muj ahid said t hat t his part of t he Ayah is about clouds t hat are heavy wit h rain. Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ロギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ハｚゲャや ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Ar-Ra'd (t hunder) glorifies and praises Him), is similar t o His ot her st at ement ,

び͡ロギ∠ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And t here is not a t hing but glorifies His praise.) ぴ17:44び Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibrahim bin Sa` d said, "My fat her t old me t hat he was sit t ing next t o Hamid bin ` Abdur Rahman in t he Masj id. A man from t he t ribe of Ghifar passed and Hamid sent someone t o him t o please come t o t hem. When he came, Hamid said t o me, ` My nephew! Make space for him bet ween me and you, for he had accompanied Allah's Messenger .' When t hat man came, he sat bet ween me and Hamid and Hamid said t o him, ` What was t he Hadit h t hat you narrat ed t o me from t he Messenger of Allah ' He said, ` A man from Ghifar said t hat he heard t he Prophet say, i

∩͡ペ∇トレぁ ャや リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ペ ⊥ト ͡ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠エジ ｚ ャや ￢⊥ ヴ͡ゼ∇レΑ⊥ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» «マ͡エツ ｚ ャや リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ マ ⊥エ ∠ ∇ツΑ∠ ヱ∠ (Verily, Allah originat es t he clouds, and t hey speak in t he most beaut iful voice and laugh in t he most beaut iful manner.) It appears, and Allah has t he best knowledge, t hat t he cloud's voice is in reference t o t hunder and it s laught er is t he light ning. Musa bin ` Ubaydah narrat ed t hat Sa` d bin Ibrahim said, "Allah sends t he rain and indeed, none has a bet t er smile t han it , nor more comfort ing voice. It s smile is light ning and it s voice is t hunder.''

Supplicating to Allah upon hearing Ar-Ra` d (Thunder) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Salim bin ` Abdullah narrat ed t hat his fat her said t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o say upon hearing t he t hunder and t hunderbolt s,

∩∠マよ͡ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ͡∇ヰゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠マら͡ ツ ∠ ピ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» «マ͡ャク∠ モ∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レプ͡ ゅ∠ハヱ∠ (O Allah! Do not kill us wit h Your anger, nor dest roy us wit h Your t orment , and save us before t hat .'' This Hadit h was recorded by At -Tirmidhi, Al-Bukhari in his book Al-Adab Al-Mufrad, AnNasa'i in ` Amal Al-Yawm wal-Laylah, and Al-Hakim in Al-Must adrak. When ` Abdullah bin AzZubayr used t o hear t hunder, he would st op t alking and would supplicat e, "All praise is t o He Whom Ar-Ra` d (t hunder) glorifies and praises, and so do t he angels because of His awe.'' He would t hen say, "This is a st ern warning t o t he people of eart h.'' Malik collect ed t his Hadit h in Al-Muwat t a', and Al-Bukhari in Al-Adab Al-Muf rad. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヶ͡ルヲ⊥ハゅ∠デぺ∠ ヵ͡ギΒ͡らハ ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ :モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ» ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇バヤ∠∇デぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡モ∇Βヤｚャゅ͡よ ゲ∠ ト ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Βボ∠ ∇シほ∠ャ∠ «ギ∇ハゲｚ ャや れ ∠ ∇ヲタ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ∇バヨ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャゅ͡よ (Your Lord, t he Exalt ed and Most High, said, ` Had My servant s obeyed Me, I would have given t hem rain by night and t he sun by day, and would not have made t hem hear t he sound of t he Ra` d (t hunder).') Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ょ ⊥ Β͡ダΒ⊥ プ∠ ペ ∠ハ ͡ ヲ∠ ダ ｚ ャや モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (He sends t he t hunderbolt s, and t herewit h He st rikes whom He wills,) indicat es t hat He sends t hunderbolt s as punishment upon whom He wills, and t his is why t hunderbolt s increase as t ime comes t o an end. Al-Hafiz Abu Al-Qasim At -Tabarani narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Arbad

bin Qays bin Juzu' bin Julayd bin Ja` far bin Kulab, and ` Amir bin At -Tufayl bin Malik came t o Al-Madinah t o t he Messenger of Allah and sat where he was sit t ing. ` Amir bin At -Tufayl said, "O Muhammad! What will you give me if I embrace Islam'' The Messenger of Allah said,

«ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ∠» (You will have t he right s and dut ies of all Muslims.) ` Amir bin At -Tufayl said, "Will you make me your successor if I embrace Islam'' The Messenger of Allah said,

る∠ レｚ ハ ͡ ぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠マョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠» «モ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや (That is not your right , nor your people's right . However, I could appoint you a commander of t he horsemen (i.e., war).) ` Amir said, "I am already t he commander of t he horsemen of Naj d (in t he nort h of Arabia). Give me cont rol over t he desert and you keep t he cit ies.'' The Messenger of Allah refused. When t hese t wo men were leaving t he Messenger of Allah , ` Amir said, "By Allah! I will fill it (Al-Madinah) wit h horses and men (host ile t o Muslims).'' The Messenger of Allah replied,

«ぶや マ ∠ バ⊥ レ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ » (Rat her, Allah will prevent you. ) When ` Amir and Arbad left , ` Amir said, "O Arbad! I will keep Muhammad busy while t alking t o him, so you can st rike him wit h t he sword. Verily, if you kill Muhammad, t he people (Muslims) will agree t o t ake blood money and will hat e t o wage war over his murder. Then we will give t hem t he blood money.'' Arbad said, "I will do t hat ,'' and t hey went back t o t he Messenger . ` Amir said, "O Muhammad! St and next t o me so t hat I can t alk t o you.'' The Messenger st ood up, and t hey bot h st ood next t o a wall t alking t o each ot her. Arbad want ed t o grab his sword, but his hand froze when it t ouched t he sword's handle and he could not t ake t he sword out of it s sheat h. Arbad did not st rike t he Messenger as ` Amir suggest ed, and t he Messenger of Allah looked at Arbad and realized what he was doing, so he depart ed. When Arbad and ` Amir left t he Messenger of Allah and arrived at Al-Harrah of Waqim area, t hey dismount ed from t heir horses. However, Sa` d bin Mu` adh and Usayd bin Hudayr came out saying, "Come, O enemies of Allah! May Allah curse you.'' ` Amir asked, "Who is t his wit h you, O Sa` d'' Sa` d said, "This is Usayd bin Hudayr.'' They fled unt il t hey reached t he Riqm area, where Allah st ruck Arbad wit h a bolt of light ning and he met his demise. As for ` Amir, he went on unt il he reached t he Kharim area, where Allah sent an open ulcer t hat st ruck him. During t hat night , ` Amir t ook refuge in a woman's house, from Banu Salul. ` Amir kept t ouching his open ulcer and saying, "An ulcer as big as a camel's hump, while I am at t he house of a woman from Bani Salul, seeking t o bring my deat h in her house!'' He rode his horse, but he died while riding it headed t o his area. Allah sent down t hese Ayat (13:8-11) in t heir case,

びヴ∠んル⊥ぺ ぁモミ⊥ モ ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (Allah knows what every female bears) unt il,

び∃メや∠ヱ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (..and t hey will find besides Him no prot ect or.) Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "The angels in succession, guard Muhammad, peace be upon him, by t he command of Allah.'' He next ment ioned t he demise of Arbad by Allah's command, recit ing t his Ayah,

び∠ペハ ͡ ヲ∠ ダ ｚ ャや モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (He sends t he t hunderbolt s,)'' Allah said next ,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (yet t hey (disbelievers) disput e about Allah.) t hey doubt Allah's great ness and t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Him,

び͡メゅ∠エヨ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He is Might y in st rengt h and Severe in punishment .) Allah's t orment is severe against t hose who rebel against Him, defy Him and persist in disbelief, according t o t he Tafsir of Ibn Jarir At Tabari. There is a similar Ayah in t he Qur'an,

-ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ムョ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲム∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ムョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲ∠ム∠ョ∠ヱぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲョｚ キ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ムョ∠ る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プ びリ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ (So t hey plot t ed a plot , and We planned a plan, while t hey perceived not . Then see how was t he end of t heir plot ! Verily, We dest royed t hem and t heir nat ion all t oget her.)ぴ27:50-51び ` Ali bin Abi Talib said t hat ,

び͡メゅエ ∠ ヨ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He is Might y in st rengt h and Severe in punishment (Al-Mihal)), means, His punishment is severe.

Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ぴ ￢͡ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヘｚ ミ∠ テ ͡ジ ͡ ⇒∠らミ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴゼ ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠

Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ￢⊥ べ∠ハキ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ピ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠らよ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゅプ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ ャ͡ びモ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ (14. For Him is t he Word of Trut h. And t hose whom t hey invoke besides Him, answer t hem no more t han one who st ret ches fort h his hand for wat er t o reach his mout h, but it reaches him not ; and t he invocat ion of t he disbelievers is not hing but misguidance.)

A Parable for the Weakness of the False Gods of the Polytheists Ali bin Abi Talib said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (For Him is t he Word of Trut h.) is in reference t o Tawhid, according t o Ibn Jarir At -Tabari. Ibn ` Abbas, Qat adah, and Malik who narrat ed it from Muhammad bin Al-Munkadir, said t hat ,

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (For Him is t he Word of Trut h.) means, "La ilaha illallah.'' Allah said next ,

び͡ヮル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リ ∠ Αグ͡ ャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose whom t hey invoke besides Him...), meaning, t he example of t hose who worship ot hers besides Allah,

び⊥ロゅ∠プ ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ ャ͡ ￢͡ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヘｚ ミ∠ テ ͡ジ ͡ ⇒∠らミ∠ ぴ (like one who st ret ches fort h his hand for wat er t o reach his mout h,) ` Ali bin Abi Talib comment ed, "Like he who st ret ches his hand on t he edge of a deep well t o reach t he wat er, even t hough his hands do not reach it ; so how can t he wat er reach his mout h'' Muj ahid said about ,

び͡ヮ∇Βヘｚ ミ∠ テ ͡ジ ͡ ⇒∠らミ∠ ぴ (like one who st ret ches fort h his hand) "Calling t he wat er wit h his words and point ing at it , but it will never come t o him t his way.'' The meaning of t his Ayah is t hat he who st ret ches his hand t o wat er from far away, t o eit her collect some or draw some from far away, will not benefit from t he wat er which will not reach his mout h, where wat er should be consumed. Likewise, t hose idolat ors who call anot her deit y besides Allah, will never benefit from t hese deit ies in t his life or t he Hereaft er, hence Allah's st at ement ,

び∃モ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ￢⊥ べ∠ハキ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and t he invocat ion of t he disbelievers is not hing but misguidance.)

ゅ⇔ハ∇ヲデ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ギ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ びメ ͡ ゅ∠タΙ ｘ や∠ヱ あヱギ⊥ ピ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰヤ⊥⇒∠ヤニ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ワ∇ゲミ∠ ヱ∠ (15. And unt o Allah falls in prost rat ion whoever is in t he heavens and t he eart h, willingly or unwillingly, and so do t heir shadows in t he mornings and in t he aft ernoons.)

Everything prostrates unto Allah Allah affirms His might and power, for He has full cont rol over everyt hing, and everyt hing is subservient t o Him. Therefore, everyt hing, including t he believers, prost rat e t o Allah willingly, while t he disbelievers do so unwillingly,

びあヱギ⊥ ピ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰヤ⊥⇒∠ヤニ ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and so do t heir shadows in t he mornings), in t he beginning of t he days,

び͡メゅ∠タｘΙや∠ヱぴ (and in t he aft ernoons.) t owards t he end of t he days. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び⊥ほΒｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Β∠ ∇ヨャ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Have t hey not observed t hings t hat Allah has creat ed: (how) t heir shadows incline.) ぴ16:48び

∇モホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ぁ ケｚ リ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ゅ⇔バ∇ヘル∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルΕ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ Ι ∠ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ ゅ∠プぺ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ゲ⊥ Β͡ダら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠ヨ∇ハΙ ｘ や ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ∇モワ∠ ∇モホ⊥ や６ゲッ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ケ⊥ ヲぁレャや∠ヱ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠ゎ ∇モワ∠

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ⊥ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ゼわ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ボ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ∠カ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ び ゲ⊥ ⇒ｚヰボ∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ ェ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ペ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠カ (16. Say: "Who is t he Lord of t he heavens and t he eart h'' Say: "(It is) Allah.'' Say: "Have you t hen t aken (for worship) Awliya' (prot ect ors) ot her t han Him, such as have no power eit her for benefit or for harm t o t hemselves'' Say: "Is t he blind equal t o t he one who sees Or darkness equal t o light Or do t hey assign t o Allah part ners who creat ed t he like of His creat ion, so t hat t he creat ion seemed alike t o t hem'' Say: "Allah is t he Creat or of all t hings; and He is t he One, t he Irresist ible.'')

Affirming Tawhid Allah affirms here t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Him, since t hey admit t hat He alone creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h and t hat He is t heir Lord and t he Disposer of all affairs. Yet , t hey t ake as lords ot hers besides Allah and worship t hem, even t hough t hese false gods do not have t he power t o benefit or harm t hemselves, or t hose who worship t hem. Therefore, t he polyt heist s will not benefit or have harm removed from t hem by t hese false deit ies. Are t hose who worship t he false deit ies inst ead of Allah equal t o t hose who worship Him alone, wit hout part ners, and t hus have a light from t heir Lord This is why Allah said here,

∇モワ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ゲ⊥ Β͡ダら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠ヨ∇ハΙ ｘ や ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ∇モワ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ケ⊥ ヲぁレャや∠ヱ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠ゎ び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ⊥ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ゼわ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ボ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ∠カ ∠ (Say: "Is t he blind equal t o t he one who sees Or darkness equal t o light Or do t hey assign t o Allah part ners who creat ed t he like of His creat ion, so t hat t he creat ions seemed alike t o t hem'') Allah asks, ` Do t hese polyt heist s worship gods besides Him t hat rival Him in what He creat ed Have t heir false deit ies creat ed similar creat ions t o t hose Allah creat ed and, t hus, t hey are confused bet ween t he t wo t ypes of creat ions, not knowing which was creat ed by ot hers besides Allah' Rat her, t he Ayah proves t hat t he t rut h is not hing like t his. There is none similar t o Allah, nor does He have an equal, a rival, anyone like Him, a minist er, a son, or a wife. Allah is glorified in t hat He is far away from all t hat is ascribed t o Him. These idolat ors worship gods t hat t hey t hemselves admit were creat ed by Allah and are subservient t o Him. They used t o say during t heir Talbiyah: "Here we rush t o Your obedience. There is no part ner for You, except Your part ner, You own him and he owns not .'' Allah also ment ioned t heir polyt heist ic st at ement s in ot her Ayat ,

びヴ∠ヘ∇ャコ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠ルヲ⊥よゲあ ボ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (We worship t hem only t hat t hey may bring us near t o Allah.) ぴ39:3び Allah admonished t hem for t his false creed, st at ing t hat only t hose whom He chooses are allowed t o int ercede wit h Him,

び⊥ヮャ∠ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ る⊥ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘゼ ｚ ャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Int ercession wit h Him profit s not except for him whom He permit s.) ぴ34:23び

び͡れヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ マ ∃ ヤ∠ョｚ リあョ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t here are many angels in t he heavens.....)ぴ53:26び, and,

ヴ͡ゎへ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴプ͡ リ∠ョ ぁモミ⊥ ラ͡まぴ - や⇔ギ∂ ハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギｚ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚ - や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや び や⇔キ∇ゲプ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ͡ヮΒ͡ゎや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ ヱ∠ (There is none in t he heavens and t he eart h but comes unt o t he Most Gracious (Allah) as a servant . Verily, He knows each one of t hem, and has count ed t hem a full count ing. And everyone of t hem will come t o Him alone on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) ぴ19:93-95び If all are Allah's servant s, t hen why do any of t hem worships each ot her wit hout proof or evidence t hat allows t hem t o do so Rat her, t hey rely on sheer opinion and innovat ion in t he religion, even t hough Allah has sent all of His Prophet s and Messengers, from beginning t o end, prohibit ing t his pract ice (polyt heism) and ordering t hem t o refrain from worshipping ot hers besides Allah. They defied t heir Messengers and rebelled against t hem, and t his is why t he word of punishment st ruck t hem as a wort hy recompense, e

びや⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And your Lord t reat s no one wit h inj ust ice) ぴ18:49び

ゅ∠ワケ͡ ギ∠ ボ∠ よ͡ る∀ Α∠ キ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ジプ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ ぺ∠ぴ ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱ ゅ⇔Βよ͡ やｚケ や⇔ギよ∠ コ∠ モ ⊥ ∇Βｚジャや モ ∠ ヨ∠ わ∠ ∇ェゅ∠プ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ ギ∀ よ∠ コ∠ ノ∃ ⇒∠わョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ Β∠ ∇ヤェ ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ワ∠ ∇グΒ∠ プ∠ ギ⊥ よ∠ ｚゴャや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ モ ∠ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや∠ヱ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゑ ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヨΒ∠ プ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α ゅ∠ョ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ヘィ ⊥ びメ ∠ ゅ∠ん∇ョΙ ｘ や ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミ

(17. He sends down wat er from t he sky, and t he valleys flow according t o t heir measure, but t he flood bears away t he foam t hat mount s up t o t he surface - and (also) from t hat (ore) which t hey heat in t he fire in order t o make ornament s or ut ensils, rises a foam like unt o it , t hus does Allah (by parables) show fort h t rut h and falsehood. Then, as for t he foam it passes away as scum upon t he banks, while t hat which is for t he good of mankind remains in t he eart h. Thus Allah set s fort h parables.)

Two Parables proving that Truth remains and Falsehood perishes This honorable Ayah cont ains t wo parables which affirm t hat t rut h remains and increases, while falsehood diminishes and perishes. Allah said,

び⇔￢べ∠ョ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺぴ (He sends down wat er from t he sky,) He sends rain,

びゅ∠ワケ͡ ギ∠ ボ∠ よ͡ る∀ Α∠ キ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ジプ∠ ぴ (and t he valleys flow according t o t heir measure,) each valley t aking it s share according t o it s capacit y, for some valleys are wider and can ret ain more wat er t han ot hers which are small and t hus ret ain smaller measures of wat er. This Ayah indicat es t hat heart s differ, for some of t hem can ret ain subst ant ial knowledge while ot hers cannot ent ert ain knowledge, but rat her are bot hered by knowledge,

びゅ⇔Βよ͡ やｚケ や⇔ギよ∠ コ∠ モ ⊥ ∇Βｚジャや モ ∠ ヨ∠ わ∠ ∇ェゅ∠プぴ (but t he flood bears away t he foam t hat mount s up t o t he surface) of t he wat er t hat ran down t he valleys; t his is t he first parable. Allah said next ,

∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ Β∠ ∇ヤェ ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ゅｚヨョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ び∃ノ⇒∠わョ∠ (and (also) from t hat (ore) which t hey heat in t he fire in order t o make ornament s or ut ensils...) This is t he second parable, whereas gold and silver ore is heat ed wit h fire t o make adornment s wit h it , and iron and copper ore are heat ed t o make pot s and t he like wit h it . Foam also rises t o t he surface of t hese ores, j ust as in t he case wit h wat er,

び∠モト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや∠ヱ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (t hus does Allah (by parables) show fort h t rut h and falsehood.) when t hey bot h exist , falsehood does not remain, j ust as foam does not remain wit h t he wat er or t he gold and silver ores which are heat ed in fire. Rat her, foam dissipat es and vanishes,

び⇔￢べ∠ヘィ ⊥ ょ ⊥ ワ∠ ∇グΒ∠ プ∠ ギ⊥ よ∠ ｚゴャや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then, as for t he foam it passes away as scum upon t he banks,) for it carries no benefit and dissipat es and scat t ers on t he banks of t he valley. The foam also st icks t o t rees or is dissipat ed by wind, j ust as t he case wit h t he scum t hat rises on t he surface of gold, silver, iron and copper ores; it all goes away and never ret urns. However, wat er, gold and silver remain and are used t o man's benefit . This is why Allah said next ,

マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゑ ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヨΒ∠ プ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α ゅ∠ョ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∠メゅ∠ん∇ョｘΙや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ (while t hat which is for t he good of mankind remains in t he eart h. Thus Allah set s fort h parables.) Allah said in a similar Ayah,

Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰヤ⊥ボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ゅ∠ヰよ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツル∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ん∇ョΙ ｘや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠バ∇ャや (And t hese similit udes We put forward for mankind; but none will underst and t hem except t hose who have knowledge.) ぴ29:43び Some of t he Salaf (right ly guided ancest ors) said, "When I would read a parable in t he Qur'an t hat I could not comprehend, I would cry for myself because Allah t he Exalt ed says,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠バ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰヤ⊥͡ボ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (But none will underst and t hem except t hose who have knowledge.)'' ぴ29:43び ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ワケ͡ ギ∠ ボ∠ よ͡ る∀ Α∠ キ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ジプ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ ぺ∠ぴ (He sends down wat er from t he sky, and t he valleys flow according t o t heir measure,) "This is a parable t hat Allah has set ; t he heart s carry knowledge from Him, and cert aint y according t o t he amount of doubt . As for doubt , working good deeds does not benefit while it exist s. As for cert aint y, Allah benefit s it s people by it , hence Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ギよ∠ ゴｚ ャや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then, as for t he foam), which refers t o doubt ,

ヴ͡プ ゑ ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヨΒ∠ プ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α ゅ∠ョ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ヘィ ⊥ ょ ⊥ ワ∠ ∇グΒ∠ プ∠ ぴ び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘや (it passes away as scum upon t he banks, while t hat which is for t he good of mankind remains in t he eart h.) in reference t o cert aint y. And j ust as when j ewelry is heat ed in fire and is rid of it s impurit y, which remains in t he fire, similarly Allah accept s cert aint y and discards doubt .''

The Qur'an and the Sunnah contain Parables that use Water and Fire Allah has set t wo examples in t he beginning of Surat Al-Baqarah (chapt er 2) about t he hypocrit es, one using fire and anot her using wat er. Allah said,

ゅ∠ョ ∇れ￢∠ ゅ∠ッぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ギ∠ ホ∠ ∇ヲわ∠ ∇シや ン͡グャｚや モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ョ∠ ぴ び⊥ヮャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ (Their likeness is as t he likeness of one who kindled a fire; t hen, when it illuminat ed all around him.) ぴ2:17び t hen He said,

ギ∀ ∇ハケ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ろ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ょ ∃ Βあ ダ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ び∀ベ∇ゲよ∠ ヱ∠ (Or like a rainst orm in t he sky, bringing darkness, t hunder, and light ning.) ぴ2:19び Allah also has set t wo parables for t he disbelievers in Surat An-Nur (chapt er 24), one of t hem is,

び∃ゆや∠ゲジ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (As for t hose who disbelieved, t heir deeds are like a mirage in a desert .)ぴ24:39び The mirage occurs during int ense heat . It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∨ラヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ :る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ キ͡ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ » ゅ∠ャぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ .ゅ∠レボ͡ ∇シゅ∠プ ゅ∠レ∇ゼト ͡ハ ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇ヵぺ∠ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠

ユ⊥ ト ͡ ∇エΑ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲジ ∠ ミ∠ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キゲ͡ Β∠ プ∠ ∨∠ラヱ⊥キゲ͡ ゎ∠ «ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠ヰツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ (It will be said t o t he Jews on t he Day of Resurrect ion, "What do you desire'' They will reply, "We need t o drink, for we have become t hirst y, O our Lord!'' It will be said, "Will you t hen proceed t o drink,'' and t hey will head t owards t he Fire, which will appear as a mirage, it s various part s consuming t he ot her part s.'') Allah said in t he second parable (in Surat An-Nur);

びｙヴイ あ ャぁ ゲ∃ ∇エよ∠ ヴ͡プ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ⊥ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or is like t he darkness in a vast deep sea.)ぴ24:40び In t he Two Sahihs it is recorded t hat Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ヶ͡レん∠ バ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ∠ ん∠ ョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ ゅ∠デ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ッ∇ケぺ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ゑ ∃ ∇Βビ ∠ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∩∠ゲΒ͡んム∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ∇ゼバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ほ∠ヤ∠ム∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ わ∠ ら∠ ∇ルほ∠プ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ろ ͡ ヤ∠ら͡ ホ∠ ∩∠サゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ノ∠ ヘ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ∩∠￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ろ ͡ ム∠ ジ ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ゆ ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠ィぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇ろよ∠ ゅタ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩やヲ⊥ハケ∠ コ∠ ヱ∠ ∩やヲ⊥ボシ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩や∇ヲハ ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩やヲ⊥よゲ͡ ゼ ∠ プ∠ ￢⇔ ゅ∠ョ マ ⊥ジ ͡ ∇ヨゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∀ラゅ∠バΒ͡ホ ヶ ∠ ワ͡やゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∩ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ る⇔ ヘ∠ も͡ ゅ∠デ ぶ ͡ や リ ͡ Α͡キ ヶ͡プ ヮ∠ ボ⊥ プ∠ ∇リョ∠ モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ プ∠ ∩⇔ほヤ∠ミ∠ ろ ⊥ ら͡ ∇レゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ユヤｚハ ∠ ヱ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡バ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ノ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡レん∠ バ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ バ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ぶ ͡ や ン∠ギワ⊥ ∇モら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔シ∇ぺ∠ケ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ よ͡ ∇ノプ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇リョ∠ «ヮ͡よ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ (The example of guidance and knowledge wit h which Allah has sent me is like abundant rain falling on t he eart h, some of which was fert ile soil t hat absorbed t he rain wat er and brought fort h veget at ion and grass in abundance. And anot her port ion of it was hard, it held t he rain wat er and Allah benefit ed t he people wit h it and t hey ut ilized it for drinking, grazing, making t heir animals drink from it and for irrigat ion purposes. And anot her port ion of it fell on barren land, which could neit her hold t he wat er nor bring fort h veget at ion. The first is t he example of

t he person who comprehends Allah's religion and get s benefit , as well as benefit ing ot hers (from t he knowledge and guidance) which Allah has revealed t hrough me and learns and t hen t eaches ot hers. The last example is t hat of a person who does not care for it and does not embrace Allah's guidance revealed t hrough me.) This parable uses wat er in it . In anot her Hadit h t hat Imam Ahmad collect ed, Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅｚヨ∠ヤ∠プ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ギ∠ ホ∠ ∇ヲわ∠ ∇シや モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ヤ∠ん∠ョ» ゆ ぁ や∠ヱギｚ ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ヱ∠ ス ⊥ や∠ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇れ￢∠ ゅ∠ッぺ∠ ｚリワ⊥ ゴ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ ∇バボ∠ Α∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ リ ∠ ∇バボ∠ Α∠ ヶ͡わャｚや ∩∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ヤん∠ ョ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡グ∠ プ∠ : メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ ∇ヨエ ͡ わ∠ ∇ボΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇らヤ͡∇ピΑ∠ヱ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ｚユヤ⊥ワ∠ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゴ͡ イ ∠エ ⊥ よ͡ ∀グ͡カへ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ «ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ͡エ∠わ∇ボ∠わ∠プ ∩ヶ͡ルヲ⊥らヤ͡∇ピわ∠ プ∠ (My example and t he example of you is like t hat of a person who lit a fire. When t he fire illuminat ed his surroundings, but t erflies and insect s st art ed falling int o it , as t hey usually do, and he st art ed swat t ing at t hem t o prevent t hem from falling; but t hey overwhelmed him and kept falling int o t he fire. This is t he parable of me and you, I am holding you by t he waist t rying t o save you from t he Fire, saying, "Go away from t he Fire,'' yet you overwhelm me and fall int o it .) The Two Sahihs also collect ed t his Hadit h. This is a parable using fire.

∇ユャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ぴ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇や∇ヱギ∠ わ∠ ∇プΙ ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ヱ∠ び キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヨ͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ (18. For t hose who answered t heir Lord's call is Al-Husna. But t hose who answered not His call, if t hey had all t hat is in t he eart h t oget her wit h it s like, t hey would offer it in order t o save t hemselves. For t hem t here will be t he t errible reckoning. Their dwelling place will be Hell; and worst indeed is t hat place for rest .)

Reward of the Blessed and Wretched Ones Allah ment ions t he final dest inat ion of t he blessed ones and t he wret ched ones,

び⊥ユヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ぴ (For t hose who answered t heir Lord's call) obeyed Allah and followed His Messenger (Muhammad, peace be upon him) by obeying his commands and believing in t he narrat ions he brought about t he past and t he fut ure, t heirs will be,

びヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャやぴ (Al-Husna), which is t he good reward. Allah said t hat Dhul-Qarnayn declared,

ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ぁキゲ∠ Α⊥ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ あグバ∠ ル⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠ニ ∠ リ∠ョ ゅｚョぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ へ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲ∇ムルぁ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ あグバ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ び や⇔ゲ∇ジΑ⊥ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボレ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ (As for him who does wrong, we shall punish him, and t hen he will be brought back unt o his Lord, Who will punish him wit h a t errible t orment (Hell). But as for him who believes and works right eousness, he shall have t he best reward (Al-Husna), and we shall speak unt o him mild words by our command)ぴ18: 87-88び Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び∀りキ∠ ゅ∠Αコ͡ ヱ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥レジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあぴ (For t hose who have done good is t he best (Al-Husna) and even more.) ぴ10: 26び Allah said next ,

び⊥ヮャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (But t hose who answered not His call,) disobeyed Allah,

び⇔ゅバΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ (if t hey had all t hat is in t he eart h t oget her) meaning, in t he Hereaft er. This Ayah says: Had t he eart h's fill of gold and it s like wit h it , t hey would t ry t o ransom t hemselves from Allah's t orment at t hat t ime. However, t his will not be accept ed from t hem. Verily, Allah t he Exalt ed will not accept any t ype of exchange from,

び͡ょ⇒∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (For t hem t here will be t he t errible reckoning.) in t he Hereaft er, when t hey will be reckoned for t he Naqir and t he Qit mir, t he big and t he small. Verily, he who is reckoned in det ail on t hat Day will receive punishment , hence Allah's st at ement next ,

び⊥キゅ∠ヰヨ͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Their dwelling place will be Hell; and worst indeed is t hat place for rest .)

∇リヨ∠ ミ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ ∠ や ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ⊥ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ヴ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ (19. Shall he t hen who knows t hat what has been revealed unt o you from your Lord is t he t rut h, be like him who is blind But it is only t he men of underst anding t hat pay heed.)

The Believer and the Disbeliever are never Equal Allah says, ` They could never be equal; t hose among people who know t hat what ,

び∠マ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺぴ (has been revealed unt o you), O Muhammad,

び∠マよあ ケ∠ リ͡ョぴ (from your Lord) is t he t rut h about which t here is no doubt and in which t here is no confusion, vagueness or cont radict ion. Rat her, t hey believe t hat all of it is t he t rut h, each part of it t est ifying t o anot her. They believe t hat none of it s part s cont radict s t he ot hers, t hat all it s informat ion is t rue and t hat all it s commandment s and prohibit ions are j ust ,

び⇔Ι∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ホ∇ギタ ͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろヨｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he Word of your Lord has been fulfilled in t rut h and in j ust ice.) ぴ6:15び It is accurat e in it s informat ion and st ories and j ust in what it orders. Therefore, t he Ayah says, t hose who believe in t he t rut h t hat you brought , O Muhammad, are not at all similar t o t hose who are blind and cannot find guidance t o what benefit s t hem, which t hey cannot even comprehend. And even if t hey comprehend t he guidance, t hey will not follow it , believe in it or abide by it .' Allah said in anot her Ayah,

る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴも͡ べ∠ヘ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ (Not equal are t he dwellers of t he Fire and t he dwellers of t he Paradise. It is t he dwellers of Paradise t hat will be successful.) ぴ59:20び Allah said in t his honorable Ayah,

∇リヨ∠ ミ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びヴ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ (Shall he t hen who knows t hat what has been revealed unt o you from your Lord is t he t rut h, be like him who is blind) They are not equal. Allah said next ,

び͡ょ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ ∠ や ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ⊥ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (But it is only t he men of underst anding t hat pay heed.) meaning, it is t hose who have sound minds who draw lessons, gain wisdom and underst and. We ask Allah t o make us among t hem.

-ペ ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツボ⊥ レ͡Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プヲ⊥Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ モ ∠タ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤダ ͡ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ャや ￢∠ ヲ⊥シ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ る⇔ Β∠ ル͡ Κ ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ や６ゲシ ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ら∇ボハ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ る∠ ゃ∠ Βあ ジ ｚ ャや る͡ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ケ∠ ∇ギΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇リョ͡ ウ ∠ ヤ∠タ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ラ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ - ケ͡ やｚギャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゅｚΑケあ ク⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ ゅ∠よや∠￢ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ - ゆ ∃ ゅ∠よ あモミ⊥ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ び ケ͡ やｚギャや ヴ∠ら∇ボハ ⊥ ユ∠ ∇バレ͡ プ∠ =(20. Those who fulfill, t he covenant of Allah and break not t he t rust .) (21. And t hose who j oin t hat which Allah has commanded t o be j oined and fear t heir Lord, and dread t he t errible reckoning. ) (22. And t hose who remain pat ient , seeking t heir Lord's Face, perform t he Salah, and spend out of t hat which We have best owed on t hem, secret ly and openly, and repel evil wit h good, for such t here is a good end.) (23. ` Adn Gardens, which t hey shall ent er and (also) t hose who act ed right eously from among t heir fat hers, and t heir wives, and t heir offspring. And angels shall ent er unt o t hem from every gat e (saying):) (24. "Salamun ` Alaykum (peace be upon you) for you persevered in pat ience! Excellent indeed is t he final home!'')

Qualities of the Blessed Ones, which will lead to Paradise Allah st at es t hat t hose who have t hese good qualit ies, will earn t he good, final home: vict ory and t riumph in t his life and t he Hereaft er,

びペ ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツボ⊥ レ͡Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プヲ⊥Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who fulfill t he covenant of Allah and break not t he t rust .) They are not hing like t he hypocrit es who when one of t hem makes a covenant , he breaks it ; if he disput es, he is most quarrelsome; if he speaks, he lies; and if he is ent rust ed, he bet rays his t rust . Allah said next ,

び∠モタ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤダ ͡ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who j oin t hat which Allah has commanded t o be j oined) t hey are good t o t heir relat ives and do not sever t he bond of kinship. They are also kind t o t he poor and t he needy and generous in nat ure,

び∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and fear t heir Lord), in what t hey do or do not do of act ions and st at ement s. They remember t hat Allah is wat ching during all of t his and are afraid of His t errifying reckoning in t he Hereaft er. Therefore, all t heir affairs are on t he st raight pat h and correct , whet her t hey are act ive or idle, and in all of t heir affairs, including t hose t hat affect ot hers,

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who remain pat ient , seeking t heir Lord's Face,) They observe pat ience while st aying away from sins and evil deeds, doing so while dedicat ing t hemselves t o t he service of t heir Lord t he Exalt ed and Most Honored and seeking His pleasure and generous reward,

び∠りヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and perform t he Salah), preserving it s limit s, t imes, bowing, prost rat ion and humbleness, according t o t he est ablished limit s and rulings of t he religion,

び∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∠ヘ∇ル∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (and spend out of t hat which We have best owed on t hem,) They spend on t hose whom t hey are obliged t o spend on t hem, such as t heir spouses, relat ives and t he poor and needy in general,

び⇔るΒ∠ ル͡ Κ ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ や６ゲシ ͡ぴ

(secret ly and openly,) They spend during all condit ions and t imes, whet her during t he night or t he day, secret ly and openly,

び∠るゃ∠ Βあ ジ ｚ ャや る͡ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∠ラヱ⊥￢∠ケ∇ギ∠Α∠ヱぴ (and repel evil wit h good) t hey resist evil wit h good conduct . When t he people harm t hem t hey face t heir harm wit h good pat ience, forbearing, forgiveness and pardon. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ ∇ノプ∠ ∇キや る⊥ ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ ｘ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∀り∠ヱや∠ギ∠ハ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠クみ͡プ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ べ∠ワゅｚボヤ∠Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ワゅｚボヤ∠Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヨェ ∠ び ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ナ あェ ∠ ヱ⊥ク Ι ｚ ま͡ (Repel (t he evil) wit h one which is bet t er, t hen verily he, bet ween whom and you t here was enmit y, (will become) as t hough he was a close friend. But none is grant ed it except t hose who are pat ient - and none is grant ed it except t he owner of t he great port ion in t his world.)ぴ41:3435び This is why Allah st at es here t hat t hose who have t hese good qualit ies, t he blessed ones, will earn t he final home, which He explained next ,

び∃ラ∇ギハ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ぴ (` Adn Gardens), where, ` Adn, indicat es cont inuous residence; t hey will reside in t he gardens of everlast ing life. Allah said next ,

び∇ユ͡ヰ͡ゎゅｚΑケあ ク⊥ ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ ゅ∠よや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ウ ∠ ヤ∠タ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and (also) t hose who act ed right eously from among t heir fat hers, and t heir wives, and t heir offspring.) Allah will gat her t hem wit h t heir loved ones, from among t heir fat hers, family members and offspring, t hose who are right eous and deserve t o ent er Paradise, so t hat t heir eyes are comfort ed by seeing t hem. He will also elevat e t he grade of t hose who are lower, t o t he grades of t hose who are higher, a favor from Him out of His kindness, wit hout decreasing t he grade of t hose who are higher up (in Paradise). Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠エ∇ャ∠ぺ リ ∃ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡みよ͡ ユ⊥ヰわ⊥ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わバ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ (And t hose who believe and whose offspring follow t hem in fait h: t o t hem shall We j oin t heir offspring.) ぴ52:21び Allah said next ,

∇ユヰ͡ も͡ ゅ∠よや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ウ ∠ ヤ∠タ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ラ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ぴ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゅｚΑケあ ク⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ら∇ボハ ⊥ ユ∠ ∇バレ͡ プ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ -ゆ ∃ ゅ∠よ あモミ⊥ び ケ͡ やｚギャや (And angels shall ent er unt o t hem from every gat e (saying): "Salamun ` Alaykum (peace be upon you) for you persevered in pat ience! Excellent indeed is t he final home!'') The angels will ent er on t hem from every direct ion congrat ulat ing t hem for ent ering Paradise. The angels will welcome t hem wit h t he Islamic greet ing and commend t hem for earning Allah's closeness and rewards, as well as, being admit t ed int o t he Dwelling of Peace, neighbors t o t he honorable Messengers, t he Prophet s and t he t rut hful believers. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr bin Al-` As, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem bot h, narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケ∇ギゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ » «∨͡ぶや (Do you know who among Allah's creat ion will ent er Paradise first ) They said, "Allah and His Messenger have more knowledge.'' He said,

￢⊥ や∠ゲボ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ャや ぶ ͡ や ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠» ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ヴ∠ボわｚ ゎ⊥ ∠ヱ ∩⊥ケヲ⊥ピんぁ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ぁギジ ∠ ゎ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ャ ∩͡ロケ͡ ∇ギタ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ェヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ロケ͡ ゅ∠ムヨ∠ ∇ャや ￢⊥ ゅ∠ゼΑ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⇔￢ゅ∠ツホ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ :る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボわ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユワ⊥ ヲぁΒエ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥わ∇もや :ヮ͡ わ͡ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤョ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∩∠マボ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ゎ⊥ ゲ∠ Β͡カヱ∠ ∩∠マも͡ ゅ∠ヨシ ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅｚムシ ⊥ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ∠ ヤあジ ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ャぽ⊥ ワ ヶ͡ゎ∇ほル∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほわ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヶ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ヶ͡レル∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ や⇔キゅ∠らハ ͡ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡

れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ロケ͡ ゅ∠ムヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ヴ∠ボわｚ ゎ⊥ ∠ヱ ∩⊥ケヲ⊥ピんぁ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ギぁ ジ ∠ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⇔ ゅ∠ツホ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ロ͡ ケ͡ ∇ギタ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ェヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほわ∠ プ∠ : メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ «ゆゅ∠よ あモミ⊥ ∇リョ͡ (The first among Allah's creat ion t o ent er Paradise are t he poor emigrant s (in Allah's cause) wit h whom t he out post s (of t he land) are secured and t he various afflict ions are warded off. One of t hem would die while his need is st ill in his chest , because he was unable t o sat isfy it himself. Allah will say t o whom He will among His angels, "Go t o t hem and welcome t hem wit h t he Salam.'' The angels will say, "We are t he residence of Your heaven and t he best of Your creat ion, do You command us t o go t o t hem and welcome t hem wit h t he Salam'' Allah will say, "They are My servant s who worshipped Me and did not associat e anyone or anyt hing wit h Me in worship. Wit h t hem, t he out post s were secured and t he afflict ions were warded off. One of t hem would die while his need is in his chest , unable t o sat isfy it .'' So t he angels will go t o t hem from every gat e (of Paradise),) saying,

び ケ͡ やｚギャや ヴ∠ら∇ボハ ⊥ ユ∠ ∇バレ͡ プ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ぴ (Salamun ` Alaykum (peace be upon you) for you persevered in pat ience! Excellent indeed is t he final home!)''

ヮ͡ ボ͡ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ヰハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツボ⊥ レ∠Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ͡ジ∇ヘΑ⊥ ∠ヱ モ ∠タ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バト ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ び ケ͡ やｚギャや ￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ∇バｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ (25. And t hose who break t he covenant of Allah, aft er it s rat ificat ion, and sever t hat which Allah has commanded t o be j oined, and work mischief in t he land, on t hem is t he curse, and for t hem is t he unhappy (evil) home (i.e. Hell).)

Characteristics of the Wretched Ones which will lead to the Curse and the Evil Home This is t he dest inat ion of t he Wret ched ones and t hese are t heir charact erist ics. Allah ment ioned t heir end in t he Hereaft er, t o cont rast t he end t hat t he believers earned, since t heir charact erist ics were t o t he opposit e of t he believer's qualit ies in t his life. The lat t er used t o keep Allah's covenant and j oin t hat which Allah has ordained on t hem t o j oin. As for t he former, t hey used t o,

べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バト ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ボ͡ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ヰハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツボ⊥ レ∠Αぴ び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ∠タ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ (break t he covenant of Allah, aft er it s rat ificat ion, and sever t hat which Allah has commanded t o be j oined, and work mischief in t he land,) An aut hent ic Hadit h st at es t hat ,

ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩∠ゆグ∠ ミ∠ ゐ ∠ ギｚ ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ :∀ゐゅ∠ヤ∠を ペ ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ Α∠ へ» «ラゅ∠カ リ ∠ ヨ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇ぼや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠ブヤ∠∇カぺ∠ (The signs of a hypocrit e are t hree: Whenever he speaks, he t ells a lie; whenever he promises, he always breaks it (his promise); if you ent rust him, he proves t o be dishonest .'') In anot her narrat ion, t he Prophet said,

«ゲ∠イプ∠ ユ∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠カ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ケ∠ ギ∠ ビ ∠ ギ∠ ワ∠ ゅ∠ハ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ » (If he ent ers int o a covenant , he bet rays it ; and if he disput es, he proves t o be most quarrelsome.) This is why Allah said next ,

び⊥るレ∠ ∇バヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (on t hem is t he curse,) t hey will be cast away from Allah's mercy,

び͡ケやｚギャや ￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and for t hem is t he unhappy home. ) t he evil end and dest inat ion,

び⊥キゅ∠ヰヨ͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Their dwelling place will be Hell; and worst indeed is t hat place for rest .) ぴ13:18び

∇やヲ⊥ェゲ͡ プ∠ ヱ∠ ケ⊥ ギ͡ ボ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ベ ∠ ∇コゲあ ャや テ ⊥ジ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ び ∀ノ⇒わ∠ ョ∠

(26. Allah increases t he provision for whom He wills, and st rait ens (it for whom He wills), and t hey rej oice in t he life of t he world, whereas t he life of t his world compared t o t he Hereaft er is but a brief passing enj oyment .)

Increase and Decrease in Provision is in Allah's Hand Allah st at es t hat He alone increases t he provisions for whom He wills and decreases it for whom He wills, according t o His wisdom and perfect j ust ice. So, when t he disbelievers rej oice wit h t he life of t he present world t hat was given t o t hem, t hey do not know t hat t hey are being t est ed and t ried. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

- リ ∠ Β͡レよ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∃ ゅｚョ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁギヨ͡ ル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ｚ モ∠よ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ネ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ジル⊥ (Do t hey t hink t hat in wealt h and children wit h which We enlarge t hem. We hast en unt o t hem wit h good t hings. Nay, but t hey perceive not .)ぴ23:55-56び Allah belit t led t he life of t he present world in comparison t o what He has prepared for His believing servant s in t he Hereaft er,

び∀ノ⇒∠わョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (whereas t he life of t his world compared t o t he Hereaft er is but a brief passing enj oyment .) Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ボゎｚ や リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ノ⊥ ⇒∠わョ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び⇔ΚΒ͡わプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌゎ⊥ (Say: "Short is t he enj oyment of t his world. The Hereaft er is (far) bet t er for him who has Taqwa, and you shall not be dealt wit h unj ust ly even equal t o t he amount of a Fat ila.)ぴ4:77び and,

ヴ∠ボ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ - ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡を∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ び (Nay, you prefer t he life of t his world, alt hough t he Hereaft er is bet t er and more last ing.)ぴ87:16-17び Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Al-Must awrid, from Bani Fihr, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゅｚャま͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡ べ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゅ∠ョ» «ノ͡ィ∇ゲゎ∠ ユ∠ よ͡ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇レΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∩あユΒ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ら∠ ∇タま (The life of t he present world, compared t o t he Hereaft er, is j ust like when one of you insert s his finger in t he sea, so let him cont emplat e how much of it will it carry.) and he point ed wit h t he index finger. Imam Muslim also collect ed t his Hadit h in his Sahih. In anot her Hadit h, t he Prophet passed by a dead sheep, whose ears were small, and said,

ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ や∠グワ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ヤ∠ャ ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ» «ロヲ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ (By Allah! The life of t his present world is as insignificant t o Allah as t his sheep was t o it s owners when t hey t hrew it away.)

リあョ ∀る∠Αや∠￢ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ルぺ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇リョ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ぁモツ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ヮ͡ よあ ケｚ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミグ͡ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ ぁ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ へ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ぁ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミグ͡ よ͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ びゆ ∃ ゅ∠⇒ョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇ジェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠よヲ⊥デ れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ (27. And t hose who disbelieved say: "Why is not a sign sent down t o him from his Lord'' Say: "Verily, Allah sends ast ray whom He wills and guides unt o Himself t hose who t urn t o Him in repent ance.'') (28. Those who believed and whose heart s find rest in t he remembrance of Allah. Verily, in t he remembrance of Allah do heart s find rest .) (29. Those who believed, and work right eousness, Tuba is for t hem and a beaut iful place of (final) ret urn.)

Disbelievers ask for Miracles, Allah's Response to Them Allah says t hat t he idolat ors said,

び∠Ι∇ヲャ∠ぴ (Why is not ), meaning, t here should be,

び͡ヮよあ ケｚ リあョ ∀る∠Αや∠￢ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺぴ (a sign sent down t o him from his Lord) The idolat ors also said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ャヱｚ Ι ｘやモ ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ べ∠ヨミ∠ る∃ Α∠ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゅ∠レゎ͡ ∇ほΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ぴ (Let him t hen bring us an Ayah like t he ones (Prophet s) t hat were sent before (wit h signs)!) ぴ21:5び We ment ioned t his subj ect several t imes before and st at ed t hat Allah is able t o bring t hem what t hey want ed. There is a Hadit h which ment ions t hat t he idolat ors asked t he Prophet t o t urn Mount As-Safa int o gold and, t hey also asked him for a spring t o gush fort h for t hem and t o remove t he mount ains from around Makkah and replace t hem wit h green fields and gardens. Allah revealed t o His Messenger : "If You wish, O Muhammad, I will give t hem what t hey asked for. However, if t hey disbelieve t hereaft er, I will punish t hem wit h a punishment t hat I did not punish any among t he ` Alamin (mankind and t he Jinns). Or, if you wish, I will open for t hem t he door t o repent ance and mercy.'' The Prophet said,

«る∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや∠ヱ る͡ よ∠ ヲｚわャや ゆ ∠ ゅ∠よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇モよ∠ » (Rat her, open for t hem t he door t o repent ance and mercy.) This is why Allah said t o His Messenger next ,

∇リョ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ぁモツ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び∠ゆゅ∠ルぺ∠ (Say: "Verily, Allah sends ast ray whom He wills and guides unt o Himself t hose who t urn t o Him in repent ance.'') Allah st at es t hat He brings misguidance or guidance whet her t he Messenger was given a sign (a miracle) according t o t heir asking or not . Verily, earning t he misguidance or t he guidance are not connect ed t o t he miracles or t he lack of t hem. Allah said in ot her Ayat , f

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ リ∠ハ ケ⊥ グ⊥ ぁレャや∠ヱ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ΑΓや ヴ͡レ∇ピゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (But neit her Ayat nor warners benefit t hose who believe not .) ぴ10:101び

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ユ∠ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る∃ Α∠ や￢ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ (Truly, t hose, against whom t he Word of your Lord has been j ust ified, will not believe. Even if every sign should come t o t hem, unt il t hey see t he painful t orment .)ぴ10:96-97び, and,

ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚミ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ∠ル ゅ∠レルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ ら⊥ ホ⊥ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲ∠ゼ∠ェ∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヰ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ (And even if We had sent down unt o t hem angels, and t he dead had spoken unt o t hem, and We had gat hered t oget her all t hings before t heir very eyes, t hey would not have believed, unless Allah willed, but most of t hem behave ignorant ly.) ぴ6:111び Allah said here,

∇リョ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ぁモツ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び∠ゆゅ∠ルぺ∠ (Say: "Verily, Allah sends ast ray whom He wills and guides unt o Himself t hose who t urn t o Him in repent ance.'') meaning, He guides t o Him t hose who repent , t urn t o Him, beg Him, seek His help and humbly submit t o Him.

The Believer's Heart finds Comfort in the Remembrance of Allah Allah said,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミグ͡ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ ぁ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who believed, and whose heart s find rest in t he remembrance of Allah.) for t heir heart s find comfort on t he side of Allah, become t ranquil when He is remembered and pleased t o have Him as t heir Prot ect or and Support er. So Allah said,

び⊥ゆヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ぁ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミグ͡ よ͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Verily, in t he remembrance of Allah do heart s find rest .) and surely, He is wort hy of it .

The Meaning of Tuba Allah said,

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠よヲ⊥デ れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ へ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ びゆ ∃ ゅ∠⇒ョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇ジェ ⊥ ヱ∠

(Those who believed, and work right eousness, Tuba is for t hem and a beaut iful place of (final) ret urn.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Tuba means, "Happiness and comfort or refreshment of t he eye.'' ` Ikrimah said t hat Tuba means, "How excellent is what t hey earned,'' while Ad-Dahhak said, "A j oy for t hem.'' Furt hermore, Ibrahim An-Nakh` i said t hat Tuba means, "Bet t er for t hem,'' while Qat adah said t hat it is an Arabic word t hat means, ` you have earned a good t hing.' In anot her narrat ion, Qat adah said t hat ` Tuba for t hem' means, "It is excellent for t hem,''

び∃ゆゅ∠⇒ョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇ジェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and a beaut iful place of ret urn.) and final dest inat ion. These meanings for Tuba are all synonymous and t hey do not cont radict one anot her. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Sa'id AlKhudri said t hat a man asked, "O Allah's Messenger! Tuba for t hose who saw you and believed in you!'' The Prophet said,

ヴ∠よヲ⊥デ ｚユを⊥ ヴ∠よヲ⊥デヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡よ リ ∠ ョ∠ へ∠ヱ ヶ͡ルへ∠ケ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ヴ∠よヲ⊥デ» «ヶ͡ルゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヶ͡よ リ ∠ ョ∠ へ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ヴ∠よヲ⊥デ ｚユを⊥ (Tuba is for he who saw me and believed in me. Tuba, and anot her Tuba, and anot her Tuba for he who believed in me, but did not see me.) A man asked, "What is Tuba'' The Prophet said,

モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠Βを͡ ュ∃ ゅ∠ハ る⊥ も∠ ゅ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰゎ⊥ ゲ∠ Β͡ジョ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ り∀ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠» «ゅ∠ヰョ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ミぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや (A t ree in Paradise whose widt h is a hundred years, and t he clot hes of t he people of Paradise are t aken from it s bark.) Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t hat Sahl bin Sa` d said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ヰヤあニ ͡ ヶ͡プ ょ ⊥ ミ͡ やｚゲャや ゲ⊥ Β͡ジΑ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡» «ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ュ∃ ゅ∠ハ る∠ も∠ ゅ͡ョ (There is a t ree in Paradise, if a rider t ravels in it s shade for one hundred years, he would not be able t o cross it .) An-Nu` man bin Abi ` Ayyash Az-Zuraqi added, "Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri narrat ed t o me t hat t he Prophet said,

キ∠ や∠ヲイ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ミ͡ やｚゲャや ゲ⊥ Β͡ジΑ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡» «ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ュ∃ ゅ∠ハ る∠ も∠ ゅ͡ョ ノ∠ Α͡ゲジ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ヨｚ ツ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや

(There is a t ree in Paradise, if a rider t ravels in it s shade on a fast , sleek horse for one hundred years, he would not be able t o cross it .)'' In his Sahih, Imam Muslim recorded t hat Abu Dharr narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t hat Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

∇ユム⊥ レｚ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ルま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡ へ∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅ∠Α» ｚモミ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇Βト ∠ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥ャほ∠ジ ∠ プ∠ ギ∃ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ ギ∃ Β͡バタ ∠ ヶ͡プ やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヶ͡ム∇ヤョ⊥ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゾ ∠ ボ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ャ∠ほ∠ ∇ジョ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ジ∇ルま͡ «ゲ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ モ ∠カ ͡ ∇キぺ⊥ や∠クま͡ テ ⊥ Β∠ ∇ガヨ͡ ∇ャや ゾ ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ (O My slaves! If t he first and t he last among you, mankind and Jinns among you, st ood in one spot and asked Me and I gave each person what he asked, it will not decrease from My dominion, except what t he needle decreases (or carries) when ent ered int o t he sea.) Khalid bin Ma` ddan said, "There is a t ree in Paradise called Tuba, t hat has breast s t hat nurse t he children of t he people of Paradise. Verily, t he miscarriage of a woman will be swimming in one of t he rivers of Paradise unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion commences, when he will be gat hered wit h people while fort y years of age.'' Ibn Abi Hat im collect ed t his st at ement .

∀ユ∠ョぺ⊥ べ∠ヰヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ヴ͡プ ポ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇わわ∠ ャあ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ヴあよケ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャゅ͡よ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠わョ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ (30. Thus have We sent you t o a communit y before whom ot her communit ies have passed away, in order t hat you might recit e unt o t hem what We have revealed t o you, while t hey disbelieve in t he Most Gracious (Allah). Say: "He is my Lord! None has t he right t o be worshipped but He! In Him is my t rust , and t o Him I t urn.'')

Our Prophet was sent to recite and call to Allah's Revelation Allah says, ` Just as We sent you, O Muhammad, t o your Ummah,

び∠マ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇わわ∠ ャあぴ (..in order t hat you might recit e unt o t hem what We have revealed t o you,) so t hat you deliver t o t hem Allah's Message. Likewise, We sent ot hers t o earlier nat ions t hat disbelieved in Allah. The Messengers whom We sent before you, were also denied and rej ect ed, so you have an

example in what t hey faced. And since We sent Our t orment and revenge on t hose people, t hen let t hese people fear what will st rike t hem, for t heir denial of you is harsher t han t he denial t hat t he previous Messengers faced,'

び∠マヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ユ∃ ョ∠ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ∠ゎぴ (By Allah, We indeed sent (Messengers) t o t he nat ions before you.)ぴ16-63び Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ダ ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ∀モシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ろよ∠ グあ ミ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ メ ∠ ギあ ら∠ ョ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ダル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎぺ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥クヱ⊥ぺヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よグあ ミ⊥ びリ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや み͡ら∠ ルｚ リ͡ョ ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ ャ͡ (Verily, many Messengers were denied before you, wit h pat ience t hey bore t he denial and suffering unt il; t ill Our help reached t hem, and none can alt er t he Words (decree) of Allah. Surely, t here has reached you t he informat ion (news) about t he Messengers (before you).)ぴ634び, meaning, ` How We gave t hem vict ory and grant ed t he best end for t hem and t heir followers in t his life and t he Hereaft er. ' Allah said next ,

び͡リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (while t hey disbelieve in t he Most Gracious (Allah).) Allah says, ` These people, t hat We sent you t o, disbelieve in t he Most Gracious and deny Him, because t hey dislike describing Allah by Ar-Rahman Ar-Rahim ぴt he Most Gracious, Most Mercifulび.' This is why on t he day of AlHudaybiyyah, as Al-Bukhari narrat ed, t hey refused t o writ e, "In t he Name of Allah, Ar-Rahman Ar-Rahim,'' saying, "We do not know Ar-Rahman Ar-Rahim!'' Qat adah narrat ed t his words. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅｚョ ゅ６Α∠ぺ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ びヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇シΙ ｘ や ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ (Say: "Invoke Allah or invoke t he Most Gracious (Allah), by what ever name you invoke Him, for t o Him belong t he Best Names.) ぴ17:110び In his Sahih, Imam Muslim recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ギ⊥ ∇らハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や⊥ギ∇らハ ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇シほ∠∇ャや ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» «リ∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや

(The most beloved names t o Allah t he Exalt ed are: ` Abdullah and ` Abdur-Rahman.)Allah said next ,

び∠ヲワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ヴあよケ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "He is my Lord! None has t he right t o be worshipped but He!'') meaning: for I believe in Allah in Whom you disbelieve and affirm His Divinit y and Lordship. He is my Lord, t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Him,

び⊥ろ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ぴ (In Him is my t rust ,) in all of my affairs,

び͡ゆゅ∠わョ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t o Him I t urn.) meaning: t o Him I ret urn and repent , for He alone is wort hy of all t his and none else besides Him.

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ろバ∠ ト あ ホ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇れゲ∠ Βあ シ ⊥ ゅ⇔ルへ∇ゲホ⊥ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ヮ͡ ヤｚャ モ∠よ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ∠ ヤあミ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや ン∠ギヰ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ∇ヲャｚ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ザ ͡ ⇒∠∇Α∇ゅΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ヰら⊥ Β͡ダゎ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ⊥ や∠ゴΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ や∠キ リあョ ゅ⇔らΑ͡ゲホ∠ ぁモエ ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る∀ ハ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ホ ∇やヲ⊥バレ∠ タ ∠ び キ∠ ゅ∠バΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ブ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ガΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ (31. And if t here had been a Qur'an wit h which mount ains could be moved (from t heir places), or t he eart h could be cloven asunder, or t he dead could be made t o speak (it would not have been ot her t han t his Qur'an). But t he decision of all t hings is cert ainly wit h Allah. Have not t hen t hose who believed yet known t hat had Allah willed, He could have guided all mankind And a disast er will not cease t o st rike t hose who disbelieved because of t heir (evil) deeds or it (i.e. t he disast er) set t les close t o t heir homes, unt il t he promise of Allah comes t o pass. Cert ainly, Allah breaks not His promise.)

Virtues of the Qur'an and the Denial of Disbelievers Allah praises t he Qur'an which He has revealed t o Muhammad, peace be upon him, and prefers it t o all ot her divinely revealed Books before it ,

び⊥メゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇れゲ∠ Βあ シ ⊥ ゅ⇔ルへ∇ゲホ⊥ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And if t here had been a Qur'an wit h which mount ains could be moved,) Allah says, ` If t here were a Book among t he previous Divine Books wit h which t he mount ains could be moved from t heir places, or t he eart h could be cleaved asunder, or t he dead speak in t heir graves, it would have been t his Qur'an and none else.' Or, t his Qur'an is more wort hy t o cause all t his, because of it s marvelous eloquence t hat defies t he abilit y of mankind and t he Jinns, even if all of t hem gat her t heir forces t oget her t o invent somet hing like it or even a Surah like it . Yet , t hese idolat ors disbelieve in t he Qur'an and rej ect it . Allah said,

びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ヮ͡ ヤｚャ モ∠よぴ (But t he decision of all t hings is cert ainly wit h Allah.) The decision over all affairs is wit h Allah Alone, what ever He wills, occurs and what ever He does not will, never occurs. Cert ainly, he whom Allah misguides, will never find enlight enment and he whom Allah guides, will never be misled. We should st at e here t hat it is possible t o call ot her Divine Books, ` Qur'an', since t his Qur'an is based on all of t hem. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ラぺ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ よｚ や∠ギよ͡ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ り⊥ ￢∠ や∠ゲボ͡ ∇ャや キ∠ ヱ⊥ や∠キ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ろヘ∠ ヘあ カ ⊥» ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ジゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ぺ⊥ゲ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ∩∠ァゲ∠ ∇ジゎ⊥ «ヮ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ モ ͡ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅｚャま͡ モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮわ⊥ よｚ や∠キ (Recit ing was made easy for (Prophet ) Dawud (David) in t hat he used t o order t hat his animal be prepared for him t o ride and in t he meant ime he would read t he ent ire Qur'an. He used t o eat only from what his hand made.) Al-Bukhari collect ed t his Hadit h. The Qur'an ment ioned here is refers t o t he Zabur. Allah said next ,

び∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ザ ͡ ⇒∠∇Α∇ゅΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Have not t hen t hose who believed yet known) t hat not all people would believe and underst and and t hat ,

びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ン∠ギヰ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ∇ヲャｚ ラ∠ぺぴ (had Allah willed, He could have guided all mankind) Surely, t here is not a miracle or evidence more eloquent or effect ive on t he heart and mind t han t his Qur'an. Had Allah revealed it t o a mount ain, you would see t he mount ain shake and humbled from fear of Allah. The Sahih recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ へ ゅ∠ョ ヶ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヶ ∠ ら͡ ル∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» ぶ ⊥ や ロ⊥ ゅ∠ェ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔Β∇ェ∠ヱ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ ヵ͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ゲゼ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ⇔バ͡よゅ∠ゎ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ∩ｚヶャ∠ま͡ (Every Prophet was given (a miracle) t he t ype of which would make (some) people believe. What I was given, however, is a revelat ion from Allah t o me, and I hope t hat I will have t he most following among t hem (Prophet s) on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) This Hadit h indicat es t hat every Prophet 's miracle disappeared upon his deat h, but t his Qur'an will remain as evidence for all t imes. Verily, t he miracle of t he Qur'an will never end, nor will it become old t he more it is read, nor will scholars ever have enough of it . The Qur'an is serious and is not meant for j est ; any t yrant t hat abandons it , Allah will dest roy him; he who seeks guidance in ot her t han t he Qur'an, t hen Allah will misguide him. Allah said next ,

びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ヮ͡ ヤｚャ モ∠よぴ (But t he decision of all t hings is cert ainly wit h Allah.) Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "He will only do what He wills and He decided t hat He will not do t hat .'' Ibn Ishaq report ed a chain for t his, and Ibn Jarir At -Tabari agreed wit h it . Allah said next ,

∇やヲ⊥バレ∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ヰら⊥ Β͡ダゎ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ⊥ や∠ゴΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ や∠キ リあョ ゅ⇔らΑ͡ゲホ∠ ぁモエ ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る∀ ハ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ホ (And a disast er will not cease t o st rike t hose who disbelieved because of t heir (evil) deeds or it set t les close t o t heir homes,) because of t heir denial, disast ers will st ill st rike t hem in t his life or st rike t hose all around t hem, as a lesson and example for t hem. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ゅ∠レ∇プゲｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ム∠ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘや (And indeed We have dest royed t owns round about you, and We have shown (t hem) t he Ayat in various ways t hat t hey might ret urn (t o t he t rut h).)ぴ46-27び, and,

∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰダ ⊥ ボ⊥ レ∠ル チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ゎ∇ほル∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥らヤ͡⇒∠ピ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヰプ͡ や∠ゲ∇デぺ∠

(See t hey not t hat We gradually reduce t he land (in t heir cont rol) from it s out lying borders Is it t hen t hey who will overcome) ぴ21:44び Qat adah narrat ed t hat Al-Hasan comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ や∠キ リあョ ゅ⇔らΑ͡ゲホ∠ ぁモエ ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or it set t les close t o t heir homes,) "It is in reference t o t he disast er.'' This is t he apparent meaning here. Al-` Awfi report ed t hat bin ` Abbas said about ,

び∀るハ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ホ ∇やヲ⊥バレ∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ヰら⊥ Β͡ダゎ⊥ ぴ (And a Qari` ah (disast er) st rikes t hem because of t heir (evil) deeds) "A t orment t hat descends on t hem from heaven,

び∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ や∠キ リあョ ゅ⇔らΑ͡ゲホ∠ ぁモエ ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or it set t les close t o t heir homes,) when t he Messenger of Allah camps near t heir area and fight s t hem.'' Similar was report ed from Muj ahid and Qat adah. ` Ikrimah said in anot her narrat ion he report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat ,

び∀るハ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ホぴ (Qari'ah) means afflict ion. These scholars also said t hat ,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il t he promise of Allah comes t o pass.) refers t o t he conquering of Makkah. Al-Hasan AlBasri said t hat it refers t o t he Day of Resurrect ion. Allah said next ,

び∠キゅ∠バΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ブ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ガΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Cert ainly, Allah breaks not His promise.) t o His Messengers t o aid t hem and t heir followers in t his life and t he Hereaft er,

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇ハヱ∠ ブ ∠ ヤ͡∇ガョ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ び ュ∃ ゅ∠ボわ͡ ルや ヱ⊥ク ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ (So t hink not t hat Allah will fail t o keep His promise t o His Messengers. Cert ainly, Allah is AllMight y, All-Able of Ret ribut ion.)ぴ14:47び

リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇Βヤ∠∇ョほ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ モ ∃シ ⊥ ゲ⊥ よ͡ ￢∠ ン͡ゴ∇ヰわ⊥ ∇シや ギ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボハ ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ (32. And indeed (many) Messengers were mocked at before you but I grant ed respit e t o t hose who disbelieved, and finally I punished t hem. Then how (t errible) was My punishment !)

Comforting the Messenger of Allah Allah says t o His Messenger, while comfort ing him in facing his people's denial of him,

び∠マヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ モ ∃シ ⊥ ゲ⊥ よ͡ ￢∠ ン͡ゴ∇ヰわ⊥ ∇シや ギ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ` (And indeed (many) Messengers were mocked at before you), so you have a good example in t hem,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇Βヤ∠∇ョほ∠プ∠ ぴ (but I grant ed respit e t o t hose who disbelieved,) deferred t heir j udgment for a t erm appoint ed,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and finally I punished t hem.) wit h encompassing punishment . How did you obt ain t he news of how I gave t hem respit e and t hen t ook t hem wit h punishment ' Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ｚユを⊥ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ニ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βヤ∠∇ョぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ リあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ (And many a t ownship did I give respit e while it was given t o wrongdoing. Then (in t he end) I seized it (wit h punishment ). And t o Me is t he (final) ret urn (of all).)ぴ22:48び It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat t he Prophet said,

«ヮ∇わヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ロ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ユ͡ ャ͡ゅｚヌヤ͡ャ ヶ͡ヤ∇ヨΒ⊥ ャ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» (Verily, Allah gives respit e t o t he unj ust unt il when He seizes him, He never let s go of him.) The Messenger next recit ed t his Ayah,

ラ ｚ ま͡ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ニ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ グ⊥ ∇カぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠セ ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ロ⊥ グ∠ ∇カぺ∠ (Such is t he punishment of your Lord when He seizes t he (populat ion of) t owns while t hey are doing wrong. Verily, His punishment is painful, (and) severe.)ぴ11:102び

∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ユ͡もべ∠ホ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ヴ͡プ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ゃらあ レ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ュぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲぁヨシ ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ リ ∠ Αあ コ⊥ ∇モよ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゲ∃ ヰ͡ ⇒∠ヌよ͡ ュ∠ぺ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや モ ͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇やヱぁギタ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ムョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ び キ∃ ゅ∠ワ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (33. Is t hen He (Allah) Who t akes charge of every person and knows all t hat he has earned (like any ot her deit y who knows not hing) Yet , t hey ascribe part ners t o Allah. Say: "Name t hem! Is it t hat you will inform Him of somet hing He knows not in t he eart h or is it (j ust ) a show of false words.'' Nay! To t hose who disbelieved, t heir plot t ing is made fair-seeming, and t hey have been hindered from t he right pat h; and whom Allah sends ast ray, for him t here is no guide.)

There is no Similarity between Allah and False Deities in any Respect Allah said,

び∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ユ͡もべ∠ホ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Is t hen He (Allah) Who t akes charge of every person and knows all t hat he has earned) Allah is t he guard and wat cher over every living soul and knows what everyone does, whet her good or evil, and not hing ever escapes His perfect observat ion. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ラ ∃ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇わゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∃ ∇ほセ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ∇クま͡ や⇔キヲ⊥ヰセ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ モ ∃ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ び͡ヮΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツΒ͡ヘゎ⊥

(Neit her you do any deed nor recit e any port ion of t he Qur'an, nor you do any deed, but we are wit ness t hereof, when you are doing it .) ぴ10:61び and Allah said,

びゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ ホ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ リ͡ョ テ ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (Not a leaf falls, but He knows it .) ぴ6:59び

ゅ∠ヰホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ゅ∠ヰハ ∠ キ∠ ∇ヲわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワゲｚ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ び (And no moving creat ure is t here on eart h but it s provision is due from Allah. And He knows it s dwelling place and it s deposit s. All is in a Clear Book.)ぴ11:6び,

∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ゲｚ シ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シぴ び ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャゅ͡よ ∀ゆ͡ケゅ∠シ∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よ ブ ∃ ∇ガわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ (It is t he same (t o Him) whet her any of you conceals his speech or declares it openly, whet her he be hid by night or goes fort h freely by day.) ぴ13:10び

びヴ∠ヘ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲｚ ジ あ ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ぴ (He knows t he secret and t hat which is yet more hidden.) ぴ20:7び and,

∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び∀ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ (And He is wit h you wherever you may be. And Allah is t he All-Seer of what you do.) ぴ57:4び Is He Who is like t his similar t o t he idols, t hat t he polyt heist s worship, which can neit her hear nor see nor do t hey have a mind nor able t o bring good t o t hemselves or t o t heir worshippers nor prevent harm from t hemselves or t heir worshippers The answer t o t he quest ion in t he Ayah was omit t ed, because it is implied, for Allah said next ,

び∠￢べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∠ィ∠ヱぴ (Yet , t hey ascribe part ners t o Allah.) which t hey worshipped besides Him, such as idols, rivals and false deit ies,

び∇ユワ⊥ ヲぁヨシ ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Name t hem!'') make t hem known t o us and uncover t hem so t hat t hey are known, for surely, t hey do not exist at all! So Allah said,

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ゃらあ レ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Is it t hat you will inform Him of somet hing He knows not in t he eart h) for had t hat t hing exist ed in or on t he eart h, Allah would have known about it because not hing ever escapes His knowledge,

び͡メ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゲ∃ ヰ͡ ⇒∠ヌよ͡ ュ∠ぺぴ (or is it (j ust ) a show of words) or doubt s expressed in words, according t o Muj ahid, while AdDahhak and Qat adah said, false words. Allah says, you (polyt heist s) worshipped t he idols because you t hought t hat t hey had power t o bring benefit or harm, and t his is why you called t hem gods,

べｚョ ユ⊥ミぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ワヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βｚヨシ ∠ ∀￢べ∠ヨ∇シぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ∇ラま͡ぴ リ ｚヌ ｚ ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ͡ま リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ͡ヰよあ ケｚ リあョ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ザ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ルｘΙや ン∠ヲ∇ヰゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ び (They are but names which you have named - you and your fat hers - for which Allah has sent down no aut horit y. They follow but a guess and t hat which t hey t hemselves desire, whereas t here has surely come t o t hem t he guidance from t heir Lord!)ぴ53:23び Allah said next ,

び∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ムョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ リ ∠ Αあ コ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay! To t hose who disbelieved, t heir plot t ing is made fair seeming,) or t heir words, according t o Muj ahid. This Ayah refers t o t he misguidance of t he polyt heist s and t heir propagat ion night and day. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

びユ⊥ヰャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レΑｚ ゴ∠ プ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ルゲ∠ ホ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ツΒｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have assigned for t hem (devils) int imat e companions, who have made fair-seeming t o t hem.) Allah said next ,

び͡モΒ͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇やヱぁギタ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey have been hindered from t he right pat h;) Some read wit h Fat ha over t he Sad (i.e. wa Saddu), which would mean, ` and t hey hindered from t he right pat h, feeling fond of t he misguidance t hey are in, t hinking t hat it is correct , t hey called t o it and t hus hindered t he people from following t he pat h of t he Messengers.' Ot hers read it wit h Damma over t he Sad (i.e. wa Suddu), which would mean, ` and t hey have been hindered from t he right pat h,' explained it t his way: because t hey t hought t hat t heir way looked fair or correct , t hey were hindered by it from t he right pat h, so Allah said,

び∃キゅ∠ワ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and whom Allah sends ast ray, for him t here is no guide.) Allah said in similar inst ances,

び⇔ゅゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヨゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや キ͡ ゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whomsoever Allah want s t o suffer a t rial, you can do not hing for him against Allah.) ぴ5:41び, and,

リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ギワ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ソゲ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲダ ͡ ⇒ｚル リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぁモツ ͡ Α⊥ (If you covet for t heir guidance, t hen verily, Allah guides not t hose whom He makes t o go ast ray. And t hey will have no helpers.)ぴ16:37び

り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや ゆ ⊥ や∠グ∠バ∠ャ∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚぴ ヴ͡わャｚや る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ｚョ - ベ ∃ や∠ヱ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ペ ぁセ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥ミ⊥ ぺ⊥ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΕ ∠ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ギ∠ ハ ͡ ヱ⊥ ヴ∠ら∇ボハ ⊥ ヱｚ ∇やヲ∠ボゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ら∇ボハ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ヰヤぁニ ͡ ヱ͡ ∀ユ͡もへキ∠ び ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (34. For t hem is a t orment in t he life of t his world, and cert ainly, harder is t he t orment of t he Hereaft er. And t hey have no defender (or prot ect or) against Allah.) (35. The descript ion of t he Paradise which t hose who have Taqwa have been promised: Underneat h it rivers flow, it s provision is et ernal and so is it s shade; t his is t he end (final dest inat ion) of t hose who have Taqwa, and t he end (final dest inat ion) of t he disbelievers is Fire.)

Punishment of the Disbelievers and Reward of the Pious Believers Here, Allah ment ions t he punishment of t he disbelievers and t he reward of t he right eous believers, aft er describing t he Kufr and Shirk t hat t he disbelievers indulge in,

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚぴ (For t hem is a t orment in t he life of t his world,) by t he hands of t he believers, killing and capt uring t hem,

び͡りゲ∠ カ ͡ ｘΙや ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and cert ainly, t he t orment of t he Hereaft er.) which will come aft er t hey suffer humiliat ion in t his life,

びｚペセ ⊥ ぺ∠ぴ (is harder) many t imes harder. The Messenger of Allah said t o t hose who agreed t o Mula` anah,

«り∠ゲカ ͡ べ∇ャや ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» (Surely, t he t orment of t his life, is easier t han t he t orment of t he Hereaft er.) Indeed, and j ust as t he Messenger of Allah st at ed, t he t orment of t his life ends but t he t orment of t he Hereaft er is everlast ing in a Fire t hat is sevent y t imes hot t han our fire, where t here are chains whose t hickness and hardness are unimaginable. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ヮ⊥ ホ∠ ゅ∠をヱ∠ ペ ⊥ を͡ ヲ⊥Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ よ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ゆ ⊥ あグバ∠ Α⊥ Ι ｚ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ プ∠ ぴ び ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ (So on t hat Day none will punish as He will punish. And none will bind as He will bind.)ぴ89:2526び, and,

る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャゅ͡よ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ シ ∠ ギ∃ Β͡バよ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョｚ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ - や⇔ゲΒ͡バシ ∠ ゅ⇔ボあΒッ ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ャぺ⊥ へ∠ク∠ま∠ヱ - や⇔ゲΒ͡プコ∠ ヱ∠ ⇔ゅヌぁΒ∠ピ∠ゎ

ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ Ι ｚ - や⇔ケヲ⊥らを⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ ∇や∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ルゲｚ ボ∠ ョぁ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ - や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥らを⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや∠ヱ や⇔ギ͡ェヱ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥らを⊥ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ギ∠ ハ ͡ ヱ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ギ͡ ∇ヤガ ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ ｚレィ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダョ∠ ヱ∠ (And for t hose who deny t he Hour, We have prepared a flaming Fire. When it (Hell) sees t hem from a far place, t hey will hear it s raging and it s roaring. And when t hey shall be t hrown int o a narrow place t hereof, chained t oget her, t hey will exclaim t herein for dest ruct ion. Exclaim not t oday for one dest ruct ion, but exclaim for many dest ruct ions. Say: "Is t hat (t orment ) bet t er, or t he Paradise of Et ernit y promised for t hose who have Taqwa'' It will be t heirs as a reward and as a final dest inat ion.) ぴ25:11-15び Similarly He said;

び∠ラヲ⊥ボｚわヨ⊥ ∇ャや ギ∠ ハ ͡ ヱ⊥ ヴ͡わャｚや る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ｚョぴ (The descript ion of t he Paradise which t hose who have Taqwa have been promised) meaning it s descript ion and qualit ies;

び⊥ゲ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΕ ∠ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ぴ (Underneat h it rivers flow,) t hese rivers flow in t he various part s and grades of Paradise and wherever it s people wish t hey flow and gush fort h for t hem. Allah also said,

リあョ ∀ケゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ギ∠ ハ ͡ ヱ⊥ ヴ͡わャｚや る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ｚョぴ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇バデ ∠ ∇ゲΒｚ ピ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ リ ∃ ら∠ ャｚ リあョ ∀ケゅヰ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ∃シ ͡ や∠￢ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ￢∃ べｚョ モ ∃ジ ∠ハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ゲ⇒∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∠リΒ͡よ͡ゲ⇒ｚゼヤあャ り∃ グｚ ャｚ ゲ∃ ∇ヨカ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ゲ⇒∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ び∀りゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ んｚ ャや あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ６ヘダ ∠ ョぁ (The descript ion of Paradise which t hose who have Taqwa have been promised (is t hat ) in it are rivers of wat er t he t ast e and smell of which are not changed, rivers of wine delicious t o t hose who drink, and rivers of clarified honey, t herein for t hem is every kind of fruit , and forgiveness.) ぴ47:15び Allah said next ,

びゅ∠ヰヤぁニ ͡ ヱ͡ ∀ユ͡もへ∠キ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥ミ⊥ ぺ⊥ぴ

(it s provision is et ernal and so is it s shade) for Paradise has foods, fruit s and drinks t hat never end or finish. It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Ibn ` Abbas narrat ed in t he Hadit h about t he Eclipse prayer t hat t he Companions said, "O Allah's Messenger! While you were st anding ぴin prayerび, we saw you reach for somet hing wit h your hand and t hen you brought it back.'' The Messenger said,

ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ャヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ∠ プ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヶあルま͡» «ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ろ ͡ Β∠ ボ͡ よ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤミ∠ ほ∠ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩や⇔キヲ⊥ボ∇レハ ⊥ (I saw Paradise - or was shown Paradise - and reached for a clust er (of grapes or ot her fruit ), and had I kept it , you would have eat en from it as long as t his life remains.) iImam Muslim recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥トガ ｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠ラヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ » ウ ͡ Α͡ゲミ∠ ∀￢ゅ∠ゼィ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ∩∠ラヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ら∠Α ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠ラヲ⊥デヲｚ ピ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヰ∠ ∇ヤΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ザ ∠ Α͡ギ∇ボわｚ ャや∠ヱ ウ ∠ Β͡ら∇ジわｚ ャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヰ∇ヤΑ⊥ ∠ヱ ∩͡マ∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや «ザ∠ヘレｚ ャや (The people of Paradise eat and drink, and t hey do not need t o blow t heir noses, or answer t he call of nat ure, or urinat e, for t hey pass t he food excrement s in belches, which smell like musk. They will be inspired t o praise and glorify (Allah) as spont aneously as t hey breat he.) Imams Ahmad and An-Nasa'i recorded t hat Thumamah bin ` Uqbah said t hat he heard Zayd bin Arqam say, "A man from t he People of t he Script ures came and said ぴt o t he Prophet び, ` O Abul-Qasim! You claim t hat t he people of Paradise eat and drink' The Prophet said,

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ザ ⊥ ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » ゆ ͡ ∇ゲゼ ぁ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇ミほ∠∇ャや ヶ͡プ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ る͡ も∠ ゅ͡ョ り∠ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ヴ∠トバ⊥Βャ∠ «り∠ヲ∇ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ネ ͡ ゅ∠ヨイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ (Yes. By He in Whose Hand is Muhammad's life, a man among t hem will be given t he st rengt h of a hundred men in eat ing, drinking, sexual int ercourse and appet it e.) That man asked, ` He who eat s and drinks needs t o relieve t he call of nat ure, but Paradise is pure ぴfrom feces and urineび' The Prophet said,

∇ユワ͡ キ͡ ヲ⊥ヤィ ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ヂ ⊥ Β͡ヘΑ∠ ゅ⇔エ∇セケ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ る⊥ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ェ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ » «ヮ⊥レ∇トよ∠ ゲ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇ツΒ∠ プ∠ マ ͡ ∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ウ ͡ Α͡ゲミ∠ (One of t hem (resident s of Paradise) relieves t he call of nat ure t hrough a sweat t hat emanat es from t he skin, wit h t he scent of musk, and t he st omach becomes empt y again.) Imam Ahmad and An-Nasa'i collect ed t his Hadit h. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

び る∃ ハ ∠ ヲ⊥レ∇ヨョ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ ハ ∠ ヲ⊥ト∇ボョ∠ Ι ｚ - り∃ ゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ る∃ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠プヱ∠ ぴ (And fruit in plent y, whose supply is not cut off nor are t hey out of reach.)ぴ56:32-33び, and,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡ャ∇グゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰプ⊥ ヲ⊥トホ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠ャあク⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥⇒∠ヤニ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ る⇔ Β∠ ル͡ や∠キヱ∠ ぴ (And t he shade t hereof is close upon t hem, and t he bunches of fruit t hereof will hang low wit hin t heir reach.)ぴ76:14び The shade of Paradise is everlast ing and never shrinks, j ust as Allah said,

∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギレ⊥ シ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやヱ∠ ぴ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤニ ∠ Κ ６ ⇒͡ニ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギル⊥ ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ヰｚ ト ∠ ョぁ ァ ∀ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ (But t hose who believe and do deeds of right eousness, We shall admit t hem t o Gardens under which rivers flow, abiding t herein forever. Therein t hey shall have pure mat es, and We shall admit t hem t o shades wide and ever deepening.)ぴ4:57び Allah oft en ment ions t he descript ion of Paradise and t he descript ion of t he Fire t oget her, t o make Paradise appealing and warn against t he Fire. This is why, aft er Allah ment ioned t he descript ion of Paradise here, He next said,

び⊥ケゅｚレャや リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ら∇ボハ ⊥ ヱｚ ∇やヲ∠ボゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ら∇ボハ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ (t his is t he end (final dest inat ion) of t hose who have Taqwa, and t he end (final dest inat ion) of t he disbelievers is Fire.) Allah said in anot her Ayah ,

る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴも͡ べ∠ヘ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ (Not equal are t he dwellers of t he Fire and t he dwellers of t he Paradise. It is t he dwellers of Paradise t hat will be successful.) ぴ59:20び

マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ へ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゲ⊥ ム͡ レ⊥Α リ∠ョ ゆ ͡ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ べ∠ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇キ∠ぺ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇セぺ⊥ Ι∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ６Βよ͡ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ムェ ⊥ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ や∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ びベ ∃ や∠ヱ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ｙ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ͡ョ (36. Those t o whom We have given t he Book, rej oice at what has been revealed unt o you, but t here are among t he Ahzab (Confederat es) t hose who rej ect a part t hereof. Say: "I am commanded only t o worship Allah and not t o j oin part ners wit h Him. To Him I call and t o Him is my ret urn.'') (37. And t hus have We sent it (t he Qur'an) down t o be a j udgement of aut horit y in Arabic. Were you t o follow t heir (vain) desires aft er t he knowledge which has come t o you, t hen you will not have any Wali (prot ect or) or defender against Allah.)

The Truthful Ones from among the People of the Scriptures rejoice at what Allah has revealed to Muhammad Allah said,

び∠ょ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (Those t o whom We have given t he Book,) and t hey adhere by it ,

び∠マ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ぴ (rej oice at what has been revealed unt o you,) i.e. t he Qur'an, because t hey have evidence in t heir Books affirming t he t rut h of t he Qur'an and conveying t he good news of it s imminent revelat ion, j ust as Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び͡ヮゎ͡ ヱ∠ Κ ∠ ゎ͡ ペ ｚェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠ゎへ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those t o whom We gave t he Book recit e it as it should be recit ed.) ぴ2:121び Allah said,

び∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ

(Say: "Believe in it (t he Qur'an) or do not believe.'') ぴ17:107び, unt il,

び⇔Ιヲ⊥バ∇ヘヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まぴ (Truly, t he promise of our Lord must be fulfilled.) ぴ17:109び meaning, Allah's promise t o us in our Books t o send Muhammad is t rue. It is cert ain and will surely come t o pass and be fulfilled, so all praise t o our Lord, how t rut hful is His promise, all t he t hanks are due t o Him,

び ゅ⇔ハヲ⊥ゼカ ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ム∇らΑ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ホ∇クΚ ｘ ャ͡ ∠ラヱぁゲ͡ガ∠Α∠ヱぴ (And t hey fall down on t heir faces weeping and it increases t heir humilit y.) ぴ17:109び Allah said next ,

び⊥ヮツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゲ⊥ ム͡ レ⊥Α リ∠ョ ゆ ͡ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (but t here are among t he Ahzab (Confederat es) t hose who rej ect a part t hereof.) meaning, ` There are t hose among t he sect s who disbelieve in some of what was revealed t o you (O Muhammad).' Muj ahid said t hat ,

び͡ゆや∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (but t here are among t he Ahzab (Confederat es)), refers t o Jews and Christ ians,

び⊥ヮツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゲ⊥ ム͡ レ⊥Α リ∠ョぴ (t hose who rej ect a part t hereof), meaning, ` They rej ect a part of t he t rut h t hat came down t o you - O Muhammad.' Similar was report ed from Qat adah and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam. Allah said in similar Ayat ,

び͡ヮヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ヨャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t here are, cert ainly, among t he People of t he Script ure, t hose who believe in Allah.) ぴ3:199び Allah said next ,

び͡ヮよ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇セぺ⊥ Ι∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "I am commanded only t o worship Allah and not t o j oin part ners wit h Him...'') meaning, ` I (Muhammad) was sent wit h t he religion of worshipping Allah alone wit hout part ners, j ust as t he Messengers before me,

びヲ⊥ハ∇キぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ぴ

(To Him (alone) I call), I call t he people t o His pat h,

び͡ゆべ∠ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t o Him is my ret urn.) final dest inat ion and dest iny.' Allah said,

びゅ６Βよ͡ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ムェ ⊥ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And t hus have We sent it (t he Qur'an) down t o be a j udgement of aut horit y in Arabic.) Allah says, ` Just as We sent Messengers before you and revealed t o t hem Divine Books from heaven, We sent down t o you t he Qur'an, a j udgement of aut horit y in Arabic, as an honor for you, and We preferred you among all people wit h t his clear, plain and unequivocal Book t hat ,

ヮ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ⊥ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ｚぴ び ギ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ユ∃ Β͡ムェ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀モΑ͡ゴレ∠ゎ (Falsehood cannot come t o it from before it or behind it : (it is) sent down by t he All-Wise, Wort hy of all praise.)' ぴ41:42び Allah's st at ement ,

びユ⊥ワ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Were you t o follow t heir (vain) desires), means, t heir opinions,

び͡ユ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ ぴ (aft er t he knowledge which has come t o you) from Allah, all praise t o Him,

び∃ベや∠ヱ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ｙ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (t hen you will not have any Wali (prot ect or) or defender against Allah.) This part of t he Ayah warns people of know- ledge against following t he pat hs of misguid- ance aft er t hey had gained knowledge in (and abided by) t he Prophet ic Sunnah and t he pat h of Muhammad, may Allah's best peace and blessings be on him.

ゅ⇔ィや∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ Κ ⇔ シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ Α∠ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シゲ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ⇔るΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ ∠ヱ

ろ ⊥ ら͡ ∇んΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヲ⊥エ∇ヨΑ∠ - ∀ゆゅ∠わ͡ミ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや びょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ぁュぺ⊥ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハヱ∠ (38. And indeed We sent Messengers before you, and made for t hem wives and offspring. And it was not for a Messenger t o bring a sign except by Allah's leave. (For) every mat t er t here is a decree (from Allah).) (39. Allah blot s out what He wills and confirms (what He wills). And wit h Him is t he Mot her of t he Book.)

All Prophets and Messengers were Humans Allah says, ` Just as We have sent you O Muhammad, a Prophet and a human, We sent t he Messengers before you from among mankind, t hat eat food, walk in t he market s, and We gave t hem wives and offspring.' Allah said t o t he most honorable and Final Messenger,

びｚヴャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "I am only a man like you. It has been revealed t o me.'') ぴ18:110び It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

モ ⊥ ミ⊥ へ∠ヱ ∩⊥ュゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ゲト ͡ ∇プぺ⊥ヱ∠ ュ⊥ ヲ⊥タほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅｚョぺ∠» ヶ͡わレｚ シ ⊥ ∇リハ ∠ ょ ∠ ビ ͡ ケ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩∠￢ゅ∠ジレあ ャや ァ ⊥ ヱｚ ゴ∠ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ユ∇エヤｚャや «ヶあレョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ (As for me, I fast and break t he fast , st and in prayer at night and sleep, eat meat and marry women; so whoever t urns away from my Sunnah is not of mine.)

No Prophet can bring a Miracle except by Allah's Leave Allah said,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ Α∠ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シゲ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And it was not for a Messenger t o bring a sign except by Allah's leave.) meaning, no Prophet could have brought a miracle t o his people except by Allah's permission and will, for t his mat t er is only decided by Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, not t he Prophet s; surely Allah does what He wills and decides what He wills.

び∀ゆゅ∠わミ͡ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡ぴ ((For) every mat t er t here is a decree (from Allah).) for every t erm appoint ed, t here is a record (or decree) t hat keeps it , and everyt hing has a specific due measure wit h Allah,

ラ ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び ∀ゲΒ͡ジ∠Α ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ラ ｚ ま͡ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ャ͡ク (Know you not t hat Allah knows all t hat is in t he heaven and on t he eart h Verily, it is (all) in t he Book. Verily, t hat is easy for Allah.)ぴ22:70び

Meaning of Allah blotting out what He wills and confirming what He wills of the Book Allah said,

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ⊥エ∇ヨΑ∠ ぴ (Allah blot s out what He wills) of t he divinely revealed Books,

び∇ろらあ ∠んΑ⊥ ∠ヱぴ (and confirms), unt il t he Qur'an, revealed from Allah t o His Messenger peace be upon him, abrogat ed t hem all. Muj ahid comment ed;

び⊥ろら͡ ∇んΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ⊥エ∇ヨΑ∠ ぴ (Allah blot s out what He wills and confirms (what He wills).) "Except life and deat h, misery and happiness ぴi.e., fait h and disbeliefび, for t hey do not change.'' Mansur said t hat he asked Muj ahid, "Some of us say in t heir supplicat ion, ` O Allah! If my name is wit h t hose who are happy (believers), affirm my name among t hem, and if my name is among t he miserable ones (disbelievers), remove it from among t hem and place it among t he happy ones.'' Muj ahid said. "This supplicat ion is good.'' I met him a year or more lat er and repeat ed t he same quest ion t o him and he recit ed t hese Ayat ,

び∃るミ∠ ゲ∠ ⇒∠らョぁ る∃ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ べｚルま͡ぴ (We sent it (t his Qur'an) down on a blessed night .) Muj ahid comment ed next , "During Laylat ulQadr (Night of t he Decrees), Allah decides what provisions and disast ers will occur in t he next year of. He t hen brings forward or back (or blot s out ) what ever He wills. As for t he Book cont aining t he records of t he happy (believers) and t he miserable (disbelievers), it does not change.'' Al-A` mash narrat ed t hat Abu Wa'il, Shaqiq bin Salamah said t hat he used t o recit e t his supplicat ion oft en, "O Allah, if You wrot e us among t he wret ched ones, remove t his st at us from

us and writ e us among t he blessed ones. If You wrot e us among t he blessed ones, please let us st ay t hat way, for surely, You blot out and confirm what You will, and wit h You is t he Mot her of t he Book.'' Ibn Jarir At -Tabari collect ed t his. Similar st at ement s were collect ed from ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab and ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud, indicat ing t hat Allah blot s out (or abrogat es) and affirms what He wills in t he Book of Records. What furt her support s t his meaning is t hat Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Thawban said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮら⊥ Β͡ダΑ⊥ ょ ͡ ∇ルグｚ ャゅ͡よ ベ ∠ ∇コゲあ ャや ュ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇エΒ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» ゅｚャま͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヨバ⊥ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥￢ゅ∠ハギぁ ャや ゅｚャま͡ ケ∠ ギ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ぁキゲ⊥ Α∠ «ゲ͡ら∇ャや (A man might be deprived of a provision (t hat was writ t en for him) because of a sin t hat he commit s; only supplicat ion changes Al-Qadar (Predest inat ion); and only Birr (right eousness) can increase t he life span.'') An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah collect ed t his Hadit h. There is also a Hadit h recorded in t he Sahih t hat affirms t hat maint aining t he t ies of t he womb increases t he life span. Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about Allah's st at ement ,

びょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ぁュぺ⊥ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ら͡ ∇んΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ⊥エ∇ヨΑ∠ ぴ (Allah blot s out what He wills and confirms (what He wills). And wit h Him is t he Mot her of t he Book.) "A man might work in Allah's obedience for a while but he revert s t o t he disobedience of Him and t hen dies while misguided. This is what Allah blot s out , while what He confirms is a man who works in His disobedience, but since goodness was dest ined for him, he dies aft er revert ing t o t he obedience of Allah. This is what Allah confirms.'' It was also report ed t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat t his Ayah is in t he meaning of anot her Ayah,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ゆ ⊥ あグバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∀ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモミ⊥ (Then He forgives whom He wills and punishes whom He wills. And Allah is able t o do all t hings.) ぴ2:284び

マ ∠ レｚ Β∠ プｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ ル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ ル∠ ン͡グャｚや ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ マ ∠ レｚ Α∠ ゲ͡ ル⊥ ゅｚョ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ - ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ Ι ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰプ͡ や∠ゲ∇デぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰダ ⊥ ボ⊥ レ∠ル チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ゎ∇ほル∠ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ムエ ⊥ ャ͡ ょ ∠ ボあ バ∠ ョ⊥

a(40. Whet her We show you part of what We have promised t hem or cause you t o die, your dut y is only t o convey (t he Message) and on Us is t he reckoning.) (41. See t hey not t hat We gradually reduce t he land from it s out lying borders. And Allah j udges, t here is none t o put back His j udgement , and He is swift at reckoning.)

Punishment is by Allah, and the Messenger's Job is only to convey the Message Allah said t o His Messenger ,

び∠マレｚ Α∠ ゲ͡ ル⊥ ゅｚョ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ ` (Whet her We show you) O Muhammad, part of t he disgrace and humiliat ion We have promised your enemies in t his life,

び∠マレｚ Β∠ プｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ ル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or cause you t o die) before t hat ,

び⊥ヒ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (your dut y is only t o convey We have only sent you t o convey t o t hem Allah's Message, and by doing so, you will have fulfilled t he mission t hat was ordained on you,

び⊥ゆゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (and on Us is t he reckoning), t heir reckoning and recompense is on Us.' Allah said in similar Ayat ,

- ゲ∃ ト ͡ ∇Βジ ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ジャｚ - ∀ゲミあ ∠グョ⊥ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ゲミあ グ∠ プ∠ ぴ ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ミΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ⊥ よ⊥ あグバ∠ ∇Βプ∠ - ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ヴｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ び ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ - ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠Αま͡ べ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ (So remind t hem - you are only one who reminds. You are not a dict at or over t hem - Save t he one who t urns away and disbelieves. Then Allah will punish him wit h t he great est punishment . Verily, t o Us will be t heir ret urn, Then verily, for Us will be t heir reckoning.)ぴ88:21-26び Allah said next ,

∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰダ ⊥ ボ⊥ レ∠ル チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ゎ∇ほル∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びゅ∠ヰプ͡ や∠ゲ∇デぺ∠ (See t hey not t hat We gradually reduce t he land from it s out lying borders.) Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "See t hey not t hat We are grant ing land aft er land t o Muhammad ()'' Al-Hasan and Ad-Dahhak comment ed t hat t his Ayah refers t o Muslims gaining t he upper hand over idolat ors, j ust as Allah said in anot her Ayah,

びン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ム∠ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed We have dest royed t owns round about you.) ぴ46:27び

ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ムヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚヤ͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ム∠ ョ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ∠ら∇ボハ ⊥ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ゲ⊥ ⇒ｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ょ ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ び ケ͡ やｚギャや (42. And verily, t hose before t hem did devise plot s, but all planning is Allah's. He knows what every person earns, and t he disbelievers will know who get s t he good end (final dest inat ion).)

The Disbelievers plot, but the Believers gain the Good End Allah says,

び∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ム∠ ョ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, t hose before t hem did devise plot s,) against t heir Messengers, t hey want ed t o expel t hem from t heir land, but Allah devised plot s against t he disbelievers and gave t he good end t o t hose who fear Him. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥わら͡ ∇んΒ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ よ͡ ゲ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ャや

(And (remember) when t he disbelievers plot t ed against you t o imprison you, or t o kill you, or t o get you out ; t hey were plot t ing and Allah t oo was plot t ing; and Allah is t he Best of t hose who plot .) ぴ8:30び, and,

-ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ムョ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲム∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ムョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲ∠ム∠ョ∠ヱぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲョｚ キ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ムョ∠ る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プ びリ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ (So t hey plot t ed a plot , and We planned a plan, while t hey perceived not . Then see how was t he end of t heir plot ! Verily, We dest royed t hem and t heir nat ion, all t oget her.)ぴ27:50,51び Allah said next ,

び∃ザ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ょ ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ぴ (He knows what every person earns,) meaning, He alone knows all secret s and concealed t hought s and will reckon each person according t o his work, (

ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ and t he Kafir (disbeliever) will know

び⊥ゲ⇒ｚヘム⊥ ∇ャやぴ or t he Kuffar (disbelievers) according t o anot her way of recit ing,

び͡ケやｚギャや ヴ∠ら∇ボハ ⊥ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ぴ (who get s t he good end.) who will earn t he ult imat e and final vict ory, t hey or t he followers of t he Messengers. Indeed, t he followers of t he Messengers will earn t he good end in t his life and t he Hereaft er, all t hanks and praise is due t o Allah.

ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ∇モホ⊥ Κ ⇔シ ∠ ∇ゲョ⊥ ろ ∠ ∇ジャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡レ∇Βよ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ (43. And t hose who disbelieved, say: "You are not a Messenger.'' Say: "Sufficient as a wit ness bet ween me and you is Allah and t hose t oo who have knowledge of t he Script ure.'')

Allah and those who have Knowledge of the Scripture are Sufficient as Witness to the Message of the Prophet Allah says, t he disbelievers rej ect you and say,

び⇔Κシ ∠ ∇ゲョ⊥ ろ ∠ ∇ジャ∠ぴ (You are not a Messenger.) from Allah,

び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡レ∇Βよ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Sufficient as a wit ness bet ween me and you is Allah...'') meaning, say, ` Allah is sufficient for me and He is t he wit ness over me and you. He is wit ness t hat I (Muhammad) have conveyed t he Message from Him and over you, O rej ect ers, t o t he falsehood t hat you invent .' Allah said,

び͡ょ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hose t oo who have knowledge of t he Script ure.) This refers t o ` Abdullah bin Salam, according t o Muj ahid. However, t his opinion is not plausible, since t his Ayah was revealed in Makkah and ` Abdullah bin Salam embraced Islam soon aft er t he Prophet emigrat ed t o AlMadinah. A more suit able explanat ion is t hat narrat ed by Al-` Awfi from Ibn ` Abbas t hat t his Ayah refers t o Jews and Christ ians. Qat adah said t hat among t hem are, ` Abdullah bin Salam, Salman (Al-Farisi) and Tamim Ad-Dari. The correct view is t hat t his Ayah,

び⊥ロギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hose t oo who have. ..), refers t o t he scholars of t he People of t he Script ures who find t he descript ion of Muhammad in t heir Books and t he good news of his advent t hat were conveyed t o t hem by t heir Prophet s. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ゅ∠ヰら⊥ わ⊥ ∇ミほ∠ジ ∠ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ∇ろバ∠ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ヴ͡わヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ユ⊥ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ り∠ ヲ⇒∠ミゴｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ ン͡グャｚや ヴ ｚ ョあ Ε ⊥やヴ ｚ ら͡ レｚ ャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ルヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ び͡モΒ͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱ り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ⇔よヲ⊥わ∇ムョ∠ ヮ⊥ ∠ルヱ⊥ギ͡イ∠Α (And My mercy embraces all t hings. That (mercy) I shall ordain for t hose who have Taqwa, and give Zakah; and t hose who believe in Our Ayat ; Those who follow t he Messenger, t he Prophet who can neit her read nor writ e whom t hey find writ t en wit h t hem in t he Tawrah and t he Inj il.) ぴ7:156-157び and,

ヴ͡レよ∠ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ヨヤ∠ハ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ リ⊥ムΒ∠ ∇ヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び∠モΑ͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ (It is not a sign t o t hem t hat t he learned scholars of t he Children of Israel knew it (as t rue))ぴ26:197び There are similar Ayat t hat affirm t hat t he scholars of t he Children of Israel know t his fact from t heir divinely revealed Books. This is t he end of Surat Ar-Ra` d, and all praise is due t o Allah and all favors are from Him.

The Tafsir of Surah Ibrahim (Chapter -14) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

リ ∠ ョ͡ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ァ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガわ⊥ ャ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∀ゆゅ∠わ͡ミ ゲャやぴ ヅ ͡ や∠ゲタ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ケ͡ ヲぁレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや - ギ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ギ∃ Α͡ギセ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャあ モ ∀ ∇Αヱ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ∠ラヲぁら͡エ∠わ∇ジ∠Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゅ⇔ィ∠ヲ͡ハ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ び ギ∃ Β͡バよ∠ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ (1. Alif-Lam-Ra. (This is) a Book which We have revealed unt o you in order t hat you might lead mankind out of darkness int o light by t heir Lord's leave t o t he pat h of t he Almight y, t he Praised.) (2. Allah t o Whom belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h! And woe unt o t he disbelievers from a severe t orment .) (3. Those who prefer t he life of t his world t o t he Hereaft er, and hinder (men) from t he pat h of Allah and seek crookedness t herein - t hey are far ast ray.)

Describing the Qur'an and warning Those Who defy it

Previously we discussed t he meaning of t he separat e let t ers t hat appear in t he beginnings of some Surahs.

び∠マ∇Β∠ャ͡ま ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∀ゆゅ∠わ͡ミぴ ((This is) a Book which We have revealed unt o you...) Allah says, ` This is a Book t hat We have revealed t o you, O Muhammad. This ` Book', is t he Glorious Qur'an, t he most honored Book, t hat Allah sent down from heaven t o t he most honored Messenger of Allah sent t o all t he people of t he eart h, Arabs and non-Arabs alike,

び͡ケヲぁレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ァ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガわ⊥ ャ͡ぴ (in order t hat you might lead mankind out of darkness int o light ) We sent you, O Muhammad, wit h t his Book in order t hat you might lead mankind away from misguidance and crookedness t o guidance and t he right way,'

ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ヰィ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヶ ぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚトャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ケ͡ ヲぁレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ び͡ろ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ケ͡ ヲぁレャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ (Allah is t he Wali (Prot ect or or Guardian) of t hose who believe. He brings t hem out from darkness int o light . But as for t hose who disbelieve, t heir Awliya (support ers and helpers) are Taghut (false deit ies), t hey bring t hem out from light int o darkness.) ぴ2:257び, and,

ろ ∃ ⇒∠レΒあ よ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ び͡ケヲぁレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガΒ⊥ ャあ (It is He Who sends down manifest Ayat t o His servant t hat He may bring you out from darkness int o light . ) ぴ57:9び Allah said next ,

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ぴ (by t heir Lord's leave), He guides t hose whom He dest ined t o be guided by t he hand of His Messenger , whom He sent t o guide t hem by His command,

び͡ゴΑ͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヅ ͡ や∠ゲタ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (t o t he pat h of t he All-Might y,) Who can never be resist ed or overpowered. Rat her, Allah is Irresist ible above everyt hing and everyone else,

び͡ギΒ͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (t he Praised.) Who is glorified and praised in all His act ions, st at ement s, legislat ion, commandment s and prohibit ions and Who only says t he t rut h in t he informat ion He conveys. Allah's st at ement ,

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャやぴ (Allah t o Whom belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h!), is similar t o,

ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴあルま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠Α∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ン͡グャｚや (Say: "O mankind! Verily, I am sent t o you all as t he Messenger of Allah - t o Whom belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h.) ぴ7:158び Allah's st at ement ,

び∃ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャあ モ ∀ ∇Αヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And woe unt o t he disbelievers from a severe t orment . ) means, ` woe t o t hem on t he Day of Judgment because t hey defied you, O Muhammad, and rej ect ed you.' Allah described t he disbelievers as preferring t he life of t he present world t o t he Hereaft er, covet ing t he former life and working hard for it s sake. They have forgot t en t he Hereaft er and abandoned it behind t heir backs,

び͡ヮヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and hinder (men) from t he pat h of Allah), from following t he Messengers,

びゅ⇔ィヲ∠ ハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and seek crookedness t herein) t hey seek t o make Allah's pat h crooked, even t hough it is st raight it self and does not deviat e on account of t hose who defy or bet ray it . When t he disbelievers do t his, t hey become engulfed in ignorance and misguidance far away from t rut h, and t herefore, t here is no hope t hat t hey will gain guidance and correct ness while on t his st at e.

リ ∠ Βあ ら∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ジヤ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ぁモツ ͡ Β⊥ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ び ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや (4. And We sent not a Messenger except wit h t he language of his people, in order t hat he might make (t he Message) clear for t hem. Then Allah misleads whom He wills and guides whom He wills. And He is t he All-Might y, t he All-Wise.)

Every Prophet was sent with the Language of His People; Guidance or Misguidance follows the Explanation Allah is Kind and Compassionat e wit h His creat ion, sending Messengers t o t hem from among t hem and speaking t heir language, so t hat t hey are able t o underst and t he Message t hat t he Messengers were sent wit h. Allah said next ,

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ぁツ ͡ Β⊥ プ∠ ぴ (Then Allah misleads whom He wills and guides whom He wills.) aft er t he proof and evidence have been est ablished for t he people, Allah misguides whom He wills from t he pat h of guidance and guides whom He wills t o t he t rut h,

び⊥ゴΑ͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He is t he All-Might y,) what ever He wills occurs and what ever He does not will never occurs,

び⊥ユΒ͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (t he All-Wise.) in His decisions, misleading t hose who deserve t o be misled and guiding t hose who deserve guidance. This is from Allah's wisdom wit h His creat ion, every Prophet He sent t o a people spoke t heir language and everyone of t hese Prophet s were only sent t o t heir people. Muhammad bin ` Abdullah, Allah's Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, was sent t o all people. It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Jabir said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

￢͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ト ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥» ヶ ∠ ャ͡ ろ ͡ ヤ∠バ͡ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∃ゲ∇ヰセ ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ Β͡ジョ∠ ょ ͡ ∇ハゲぁ ャゅ͡よ れ ⊥ ∇ゲダ ͡ ル⊥ :ヶ͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ

∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ユ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠レピ∠ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ ャ͡ ∇ろヤｚェ ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ケヲ⊥ヰデ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ギイ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヶ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∩∠るハ ∠ ゅ∠ヘゼ ｚ ャや ろ ⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ヤ∇らホ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ ｚモエ ∠ ゎ⊥ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ タ ｚ ゅ∠カ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ «るｚョゅ∠ハ (I have been given five t hings which were not given t o anyone else before me. Allah made me vict orious by awe, (by His fright ening my enemies) for a dist ance of one mont h's j ourney. The eart h has been made for me (and for my followers) a place for worship and a purifier. The war boot y has been made lawful for me and it was not lawful for anyone else before me. I have been given t he right of Int ercession (on t he Day of Resurrect ion). Every Prophet used t o be sent t o his nat ion only, but I have been sent t o all mankind.) Allah said,

びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴあルま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "O mankind! Verily, I am sent t o you all as t he Messenger of Allah...) ぴ7:158び

リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ァゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ べ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ュ͡ ゅｚΑほ∠よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ゲミあ ク∠ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ヲぁレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや び ケ∃ ヲ⊥ムセ ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚらタ ∠ モ あ ム⊥ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク (5. And indeed We sent Musa wit h Our Ayat (saying): "Bring out your people from darkness int o light , and remind t hem of t he annals (or days) of Allah. Truly, t herein are Ayat for every pat ient , t hankful (person).'')

Story of Musa and His People Allah says here, ` Just as We sent you (O, Muhammad) and sent down t o you t he Book, in order t hat you might guide and call all people out of darkness int o t he light , We also sent Musa t o t he Children of Israel wit h Our Ayat (signs, or miracles).' Muj ahid said t hat t his part of t he Ayah refers t o t he nine miracles.

び∠マョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ァゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ぴ (Bring out your people) he is being commanded;

び͡ケヲぁレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ァゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ぴ (Bring out your people from darkness int o light ,) call t hem t o all t hat is good and right eous, in order t hat t hey might t urn away from t he darkness of ignorance and misguidance t hey indulged in, t o t he light of guidance and t he enlight enment of fait h,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ュ͡ ゅｚΑほ∠よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ゲミあ ク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and remind t hem of t he annals (or days) of Allah) remind t hem (O Musa) of Allah's days, meaning, favors and bount ies which He best owed on t hem when He delivered t hem from t he grip of Fir` awn and his inj ust ice, t yranny and brut alit y. This is when Allah delivered t hem from t heir enemy, made a passage for t hem t hrough t he sea, shaded t hem wit h clouds, sent down manna and quails for t hem, and ot her favors and bount ies. Muj ahid, Qat adah and several ot hers said t his. Allah said next ,

び∃ケヲ⊥ムセ ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚらタ ∠ モ あ ム⊥ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, t herein are Ayat for every pat ient , t hankf ul (person).) Allah says, ` Our delivering of Our loyal support ers among t he Children of Israel from t he grasp of Fir` awn and saving t hem from t he disgraceful t orment , provides a lesson t o draw from for t hose who are pat ient in t he face of afflict ion, and t hankful in t imes of prosperit y. Qat adah said, "Excellent is t he servant who if he is t est ed, he observes pat ience, and if he is grant ed prosperit y, he is t hankful for it .'' It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヶ͡ツ∇ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩∀ょイ ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤミ⊥ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ￢⊥ やｚゲッ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚャま͡ ￢⇔ ゅ∠ツホ∠ ∩∠ゲム∠ セ ∠ ￢⊥ やｚゲシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ∩∠ゲら∠ タ ∠ «ヮ∠ャ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ (Verily, all of t he mat t er of t he believer is amazing, for every decision t hat Allah decrees for him is good for him. If an afflict ion st rikes him, he is pat ient and t his is good for him; if a bount y is give t o him, he is t hankful and t his is good for him.)

∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱゲ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇クや ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ￢∠ ヲ⊥シ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ジΑ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ͡ や∠￢ ∇リョあ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠イル∠ぺ ∇クま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ジル͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥Β∇エわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エよあ グ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや

∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ラ ∠ クｚ ほ∠ゎ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∀￢Κ∠よ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プヱ∠ ヴ͡よや∠グハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ͡ゃャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ギ∠ Αコ͡ Ε ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲム∠ セ ∠ リ͡ゃャ∠ ヴ͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ラ͡ま ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠ゼ∠ャ び ∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ヴ ｘ レ͡ ピ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや (6. And (remember) when Musa said t o his people: "Call t o mind Allah's favor t o you, when He delivered you from Fir` awn's people who were afflict ing you wit h horrible t orment , and were slaught ering your sons and let t ing your women live; and in it was a t remendous t rial from your Lord.'') (7. And (remember) when your Lord proclaimed: "If you give t hanks, I will give you more; but if you are t hankless, verily, My punishment is indeed severe.'') (8. And Musa said: "If you disbelieve, you and all on eart h t oget her, t hen verily, Allah is Rich (free of all needs), Wort hy of all praise.'')

Allah states that Musa reminded his people about Allah's annals and days and of Allah's favors and bounties that He bestowed on them, when He saved them from Fir` awn and his people and the torment and disgrace they used to exert on them. They used t o slaught er whomever t hey could find among t heir sons and let t heir females live. Allah delivered t hem from all t his t orment , and t his is a great bount y, indeed. This is why Allah described t his afflict ion,

び∀ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ ￢∀ Κ ∠ よ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ (and in it was a t remendous t rial from your Lord.) ` for He grant ed you (O Children of Israel) a great favor for which you are unable t o perfect ly t hank Him.' Some scholars said t hat t his part of t he Ayah means, ` what Fir` awn used t o do t o you was a t remendous

び⇔￢Κ ∠ よ∠ ぴ (t rial.)' Bot h meanings might be considered here and Allah knows best . Allah said in anot her Ayah ,

び∠ラヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ヲヤ∠よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We t ried t hem wit h good and evil in order t hat t hey might t urn (t o Allah). ) ぴ7:168び Allah's st at ement next ,

び∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ラ ∠ クｚ ほ∠ゎ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And (remember) when your Lord proclaimed) means, proclaimed and made known His promise t o you. It is possible t hat t his Ayah means, your Lord has vowed and sworn by His might , grace and exalt ness. Allah said in a similar Ayah,

び͡るヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ｚ ん∠ バ∠ ∇らΒ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ラ ∠ クｚ ほ∠ゎ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And (remember) when your Lord declared t hat He would cert ainly keep on sending against t hem (i.e. t he Jews), t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion.) ぴ7:167び Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ギ∠ Α͡コΕ ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲム∠ セ ∠ リ͡ゃャ∠ぴ (If you give t hanks, I will give you more;) meaning, ` if you appreciat e My favor on you, I will give you more of it ,

び∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ͡ゃ∠ャ∠ヱぴ (but if you are t hankless) if you are not t hankful for My favors, covering and denying, t hem,

び∀ギΑ͡ギゼ ∠ ャ∠ ヴ͡よや∠グハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (verily, My punishment is indeed severe), by depriving you of t he favor and punishing you for being unappreciat ive of it .' A Hadit h st at es t hat ,

«ヮ⊥らΒ͡ダΑ⊥ ょ ͡ ∇ルグｚ ャゅ͡よ ベ ∠ ∇コゲあ ャや ュ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇エΒ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» (A servant might be deprived of a provision (t hat was writ t en for him) because of a sin t hat he commit s. ) Allah said,

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ラ͡ま ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ヴ ｘ レ͡ ピ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ (And Musa said: "If you disbelieve, you and all on eart h t oget her, t hen verily, Allah is Rich (free of all needs), Wort hy of all praise.'') Allah does not need t he grat it ude of His servant s, and He is wort hy of all praise even if t he disbelievers disbelieve in Him,

び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ヴ ｘ レ͡ ビ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ (If you disbelieve, t hen verily, Allah is not in need of you) ぴ39:7び and,

び∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ヴ ｘ レ͡ ビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠レ∇ピわ∠ ∇シやｚヱ ∇やヲｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎ∠ヱ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ム∠ プ∠ ぴ (So t hey disbelieved and t urned away. But Allah was not in need (of t hem). And Allah is Rich (free of all needs), Wort hy of all praise.) ぴ64:6び In his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat Abu Dharr said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t hat his Lord t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

∇ユム⊥ レｚ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ルま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡ へ∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅ∠Α» キ∠ や∠コ ゅ∠ョ ∩∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ギ∃ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ょ ͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇ゎぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅ∠Α ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヶ͡ム∇ヤョ⊥ ヶ͡プ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ょ ͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ゲ͡ イ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ルま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡ へ∠ヱ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヶ͡ム∇ヤョ⊥ ヶ͡プ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゾ ∠ ボ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ギ∃ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ルま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡ へ∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅ∠Α ｚモミ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇Βト ∠ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ ∩ヶ͡ルヲ⊥ャほ∠ジ ∠ プ∠ ∩∃ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ ギ∃ Β͡バタ ∠ ヶ͡プ やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヶ͡ム∇ヤョ⊥ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゾ ∠ ボ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩⊥ヮわ∠ ャ∠ほ∠∇ジョ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ジ∇ルま͡ «ゲ∇エら∠ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ͡ ∇キぺ⊥ や∠クま͡ テ ⊥ Β∠ ∇ガヨ͡ ャや ゾ ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ (O My servant s. If t he first and t he last among you, mankind and Jinns among you, had t he heart of t he most pious and right eous man among you, t hat will not increase my kingdom in t he least . O My servant s! If t he first and t he last among you, mankind and t he Jinns among you, had t he heart of t he most wicked man among you, t hat will not decrease My kingdom in t he least . O My servant s! If t he first and t he last among you, t he mankind and Jinns among you, st ood in one flat area and each asked me (what t hey wish), and I gave each one of t hem what t hey asked, t hat will not decrease My kingdom except by t hat which t he needle carries (of wat er) when insert ed in t he ocean.'') Verily, all praise and glory are due t o Allah, t he Rich ぴfree of needび, t he Wort hy of all praise.

キ∃ ゅ∠ハヱ∠ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ほ⊥ら∠ ル∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヱぁキゲ∠ プ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ

ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ べ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ や∠ヲ∇プぺ∠ びょ ∃ Α͡ゲョ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レル∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅｚヨョあ マ ｙセ ∠ (9. Has not t he news reached you, of t hose before you, t he people of Nuh, ` Ad, and Thamud And t hose aft er t hem None knows t hem but Allah. To t hem came t heir Messengers wit h clear proofs, but t hey put t heir hands in t heir mout hs and said: "Verily, we disbelieve in t hat wit h which you have been sent , and we are really in grave doubt as t o t hat t o which you invit e us.'')

Earlier Nations disbelieved in Their Prophets Allah narrat ed t o t his Ummah (followers of Muhammad ) t he st ories of t he people of Prophet Nuh, ` Ad and Thamud, and ot her ancient nat ions t hat belied t heir Messengers. Only Allah knows t he count of t hese nat ions,

び͡ろ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィぴ (To t hem came t heir Messengers wit h clear proofs,) t hey brought t hem evidences and plain, t remendous proofs and signs. Ibn Ishaq report ed t hat ` Amr bin Maymun said t hat ` Abdullah said about Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ヮヤｚャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (None knows t hem but Allah.) "The genealogist s ut t er lies.'' This is why ` Urwah bin Az-Zubayr said, "We did not find anyone who knows t he forefat hers of Ma` dd bin ` Adnan.''

Meaning of, "They put Their Hands in Their Mouths Allah said next ,

び∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ や∠ヲ∇プぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヱぁキゲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (but t hey put t heir hands in t heir mout hs) It is said t hat t hey point ed t o t he Messengers' mout hs asking t hem t o st op calling t hem t o Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored. It is also said t hat it means, t hey placed t heir hands on t heir mout hs in denial of t he Messengers. It was also said t hat it means t hat t hey did not answer t he call of t he Messengers, or t hey were bit ing t heir hands in rage. Muj ahid, Muhammad bin Ka` b and Qat adah said t hat t hey belied t he Messengers and refut ed t heir call wit h t heir mout hs. I (Ibn Kat hir) say t hat Muj ahid's Tafsir is support ed by t he complet ion of t he narrat ive,

マ ｙセ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ べ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び∃ょΑ͡ゲョ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∠ルヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠ゎ ゅｚヨョあ (and said: "Verily, we disbelieve in t hat wit h which you have been sent , and we are really in grave doubt as t o t hat t o which you invit e us. '') Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "When t hey heard Allah's Word, t hey were amazed and placed t heir hands on t heir mout hs,''

び͡ヮよ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ べ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲ∠ヘ∠ミ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (and said: "Verily, we disbelieve in t hat wit h which you have been sent .'') They said, We do not believe what you brought us, and have st rong doubt in it s aut hent icit y. '

れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゲ͡ デ ͡ ゅ∠プ マ ｘセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ͡プぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホぴ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヴ⇒６ヨ⇒∠ジョぁ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ カ あ ぽ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ゅ∠ルヱぁギダ ⊥ ∠ゎ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ ゅ∠レヤ⊥∇んョあ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ - リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤジ ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ゅ∠ルぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぁリヨ⊥ Α∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ⊥ ∇エｚル ラ͡ま リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤジ ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほルｚ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レ∠ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べゼ ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠レヤ∠ら⊥ シ ⊥ ゅ∠ルや∠ギワ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∠ ミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ ル∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ べ∠レ∠ャ モ ͡ ミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Αク∠ へ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ｚ ゲ∠ ら͡ ∇ダレ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミあ ヲ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや (10. Their Messengers said: "(What !) Can t here be a doubt about Allah, t he Creat or of t he heavens and t he eart h He calls you t hat He may forgive you of your sins and give you respit e for a t erm appoint ed.'' They said: "You are no more t han human beings like us! You wish t o t urn us away from what our fat hers used t o worship. Then bring us a clear aut horit y.'') (11. Their

Messengers said t o t hem: "We are no more t han human beings like you, but Allah best ows His grace t o whom He wills of His servant s. It is not ours t o bring you an aut horit y (proof) except by t he permission of Allah. And in Allah (alone) let t he believers put t heir t rust .'') (12. "And why should we not put our t rust in Allah while He indeed has guided us in our ways And we shall cert ainly bear wit h pat ience all t he hurt you may cause us, and in Allah (alone) let t hose who t rust , put t heir t rust .'')

The Argument between the Prophets and the Disbelievers Allah narrat es t o us t he argument s t hat ensued bet ween t he disbelievers and t heir Messengers. When t heir nat ions doubt ed t he Message of worshipping Allah alone wit hout part ners, t he Messengers said,

びｘマセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ͡プぺ∠ぴ ((What !) Can t here be a doubt about Allah...) about His Lordship and having t he exclusive right t o be worshipped alone, being t he only Creat or of all creat ures Verily, none besides Allah is wort hy of worship, alone wit hout part ners wit h Him. Most nat ions were, and st ill are, affirming t he exist ence of t he Creat or, but t hey call upon int ermediaries besides Him whom t hey t hink will benefit t hem or bring t hem closer t o Allah. Their Messengers said t o t hem,

び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ぴ (He calls you t hat He may forgive you of your sins) in t he Hereaft er,

びヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲカ あ ぽ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and give you respit e for a t erm appoint ed.), in t his worldly life. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ゅ⇔ハゅ∠わョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ∇バわあ ヨ∠ Α⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥よヲ⊥ゎ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヵ͡ク ｚモミ⊥ れ ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔レジ ∠ェ ∠ び⊥ヮヤ∠∇ツプ∠ (Seek t he forgiveness of your Lord, and t urn t o Him in repent ance, t hat He may grant you good enj oyment , for a t erm appoint ed, and best ow His abounding grace t o every owner of grace.) ぴ10:3び However, t heir nat ions went on arguing against t heir prophet hood, aft er t hey had t o submit t o t he first evidence (t hat Allah Alone creat ed everyt hing).

Disbelievers reject Prophethood because the Messengers were Humans!

Their nat ions said,

びゅ∠レヤ⊥∇んョあ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ぴ (You are no more t han human beings like us!) so why should we follow you j ust because you say so, even t hough we did not wit ness a miracle by your hands,

び∃リΒ͡らョぁ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤジ ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ゎ∇ほ∠プぴ (Then bring us a clear aut horit y.), a miracle of our choice.

び∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥∇んョあ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ⊥ ∇エｚル ラ͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホぴ (Their Messengers said t o t hem: "We are no more t han human beings like you...'') affirming t hat t ruly, t hey were only human being like t heir nat ions,

び͡ロキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぁリヨ⊥ Α∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but Allah best ows His grace t o whom He wills of His servant s.), wit h prophet hood and messengership which is His choice,

び∃リ⇒∠ト∇ヤジ ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほルｚ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レ∠ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (It is not ours t o bring you an aut horit y) according t o your choice,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ ((except by t he permission of Allah. ), aft er we beg Him and He provides us wit h a miracle,

び∠ラヲレ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (And in Allah (alone) let t he believers put t heir t rust .) in all t heir affairs. Their Messengers said t o t hem next ,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∠ ミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ ル∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ べ∠レ∠ャ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And why should we not put our t rust in Allah), aft er He had guided us t o t he best , most clear and plain way,

びゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Αク∠ へ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ｚ ゲ∠ ら͡ ∇ダレ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(And we shall cert ainly bear wit h pat ience all t he hurt you may cause us), such as foolish act ions and abusive st at ement s,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤミあ ヲ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (and in Allah (alone) let t hose who t rust , put t heir t rust .)

∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガレ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ヤｚョ͡ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ キ⊥ ヲ⊥バわ∠ ャ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠レッ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ リョ͡ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ⇒ｚレレ∠ ム͡ ∇ジレ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや リ ｚ ム∠ ヤ͡∇ヰレ⊥ ャ∠ - ギ͡ Β͡ハヱ∠ フ ∠ ゅ∠カヱ∠ ヴ͡ョゅ∠ボョ∠ フ ∠ ゅ∠カ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ ヮ͡ も͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リあョ - ギ∃ Β͡レハ ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚらィ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠カヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エわ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ キ⊥ ゅ∠ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ハ ⊥ ゲｚ イ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ - ギ∃ Α͡ギタ ∠ ￢∃ べｚョ リ͡ョ ヴ∠ボ∇ジΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ピ⊥ Β͡ジΑ⊥ び ∀ナΒ͡ヤ∠ビ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ヮ͡ も͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ろ ∃ Βあ ヨ∠ よ͡ (13. And t hose who disbelieved, said t o t heir Messengers: "Surely, we shall drive you out of our land, or you shall ret urn t o our religion.'' So t heir Lord revealed t o t hem: "Truly, We shall dest roy t he wrongdoers.'') (14. "And indeed, We shall make you dwell in t he land aft er t hem. This is for him who fears st anding before Me and also fears My t hreat .'') (15. And t hey sought vict ory and help; and every obst inat e, arrogant dict at or (who refuses t o believe in t he Oneness of Allah) was brought t o a complet e loss and dest ruct ion.) (16. In front of him is Hell, and he will be made t o drink boiling, fest ering wat er.) (17. He will sip it unwillingly, and he will find great difficult y in swallowing it down his t hroat , and deat h will come t o him from every side, yet he will not die, and in front of him, will be a great t orment .)

Disbelieving Nations threaten Their Messengers with Expulsion Allah narrat es t o us how t he disbelieving nat ions t hreat ened t heir Messengers, t hat being, expulsion from t heir land and banshiment . For inst ance, t he people of Prophet Shu` ayb, peace be upon him, said t o him and t o t hose who believed in him,

リ͡ョ マ ∠ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ょ ⊥ ∇Βバ∠ ゼ ⊥ ⇒Α マ ∠ レｚ ィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガレ⊥ ャ∠ぴ びべ∠レわ͡ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ (We shall cert ainly drive you out from our t own, O Shu` ayb, and t hose who have believed wit h you.) ぴ7:88び The people of Prophet Lut , peace be upon him, said,

び∇ユム⊥ わ͡ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ ヅ ∃ ヲャ⊥ メ ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ぴ (Drive out t he family of Lut from your cit y.) ぴ27:56び Allah said about t he idolat ors of Quraysh,

ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガΒ⊥ ャ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ヱぁゴヘ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ヘ∠ ⇒∠ヤカ ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ん∠ら∇ヤ∠Α Ι ｚ や⇔クま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ (And verily, t hey were about t o fright en you so much as t o drive you out from t he land. But in t hat case t hey would not have st ayed aft er you, except for a lit t le while.)ぴ17:76び and,

ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥わら͡ ∇んΒ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ よ͡ ゲ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ャや (And when t he disbelievers plot t ed against you t o imprison you, or t o kill you, or t o expel you out ; t hey were plot t ing and Allah t oo was plot t ing; and Allah is t he Best of t hose who plot . ) ぴ8:30び Allah gave vict ory and aid t o His Messenger aft er he emigrat ed from Makkah and gat hered followers, support ers, and soldiers around him, who fought in t he cause of Allah, t he Exalt ed. Allah kept grant ing His Messenger more dominance unt il He opened for him Makkah, which sought t o expel him. Allah gave him dominance over it , even when his enemies from Makkah and t he rest of t he people of t he eart h disliked it . Soon aft er, people began embracing t he religion of Allah in large crowds and in a very short t ime Allah's Word and religion became high over all ot her religions, from t he east ern and west ern part s of t he world. Hence Allah's st at ement ,

ユ⊥ ム⊥ ⇒ｚレレ∠ ム͡ ∇ジレ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ レ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや リ ｚ ム∠ ヤ͡∇ヰレ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ ぴ び∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや (So t heir Lord revealed t o t hem: "Truly, We shall dest roy t he wrongdoers. And indeed, We shall make you dwell in t he land aft er t hem.'') ぴ14:13,14び Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ャ͡ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡⇒∠ピ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ルギ∠ レ⊥ィ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケヲ⊥ダレ∠ヨ∇ャや (And, verily, Our Word has gone fort h of old for Our servant s, t he Messengers, t hat t hey verily, would be made t riumphant , and t hat Our host s! They verily, would be t he vict ors.) ぴ37:171173び,

ン ｘ ヲ͡ ホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ͡ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ リ ｚ ら∠ ヤ͡∇ビΙ ∂ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ぴ び ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ (Allah has decreed: "Verily, it is I and My Messengers who shall be t he vict orious. Verily, Allah is All-Powerful, All-Might y.'')ぴ58:21び

び͡ゲ∇ミグあ ャや ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ケ͡ ヲ⊥よゴｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed We have writ t en in Az-Zabur aft er Adh-Dhikr.) ぴ21:05び

ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇タや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レΒ͡バわ∠ ∇シや ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや∠ヱ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰを⊥ ケ͡ ヲ⊥Α ヮ͡ ヤｚャ チ ∠ ∇ケΕ ∠や びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ (Musa said t o his people: "Seek help in Allah and be pat ient . Verily, t he eart h is Allah's. He gives it as a herit age t o whom He wills of His servant s: and t he (blessed) end is for t he t hose who have Taqwa.'')ぴ7:128び and,

ベ ∠ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ゼョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘバ∠ ∇ツわ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇をケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ろ ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろヨｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ミケ∠ ゅ∠よ ヴ͡わャｚや ゅ∠ヰよ∠ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ピョ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ノ⊥ レ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ル∇ゲョｚ キ∠ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥セゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠

(And We made t he people who were considered weak t o inherit t he east ern part s of t he land and t he west ern part s t hereof which We have blessed. And t he fair Word of your Lord was fulfilled for t he Children of Israel, because of t heir endurance. And We dest royed complet ely all t he great works and buildings which Fir` awn and his people erect ed.)ぴ7:137び Allah said next ,

び͡ギΒ͡ハヱ∠ フ ∠ ゅ∠カヱ∠ ヴ͡ョゅ∠ボョ∠ フ ∠ ゅ∠カ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (This is for him who fears st anding before Me and also fears My t hreat . ) t his warning is for he who fears st anding before Him on t he Day of Resurrect ion and fears His warnings and t orment . Allah said in ot her inst ances,

ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ - ゅΒ∠ ∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ を∠ や￢∠ヱ - ヴ∠ピデ ∠ リ∠ョ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ボョ∠ フ ∠ ゅ∠カ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ン∠ヱ∇ほヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ユ∠ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや び ン∠ヱ∇ほヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ ワ͡ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ み͡ヘ∠ レ͡ ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ヘレｚ ャや ヴ∠ヰル∠ ヱ∠ (Then for him who t ransgressed all bounds, and preferred t he life of t his world, verily, his abode will be Hellfire. But as for him who feared st anding before his Lord, and rest rained himself from impure evil desires and lust s. Verily, Paradise will be his abode.)ぴ79:37-41び and,

びラ ͡ ゅ∠わレｚ ィ ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ボョ∠ フ ∠ ゅ∠カ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (But for him who fears t he st anding before his Lord, t here will be t wo Gardens.)ぴ55:46び Allah said next ,

び∇やヲ⊥エわ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ (And t hey sought vict ory and help) refers t o t he Messengers who sought t he help and vict ory of t heir Lord over t heir nat ions, according t o ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas, Muj ahid and Qat adah. ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said t hat t his Ayah refers t o t he nat ions, invoking Allah's vict ory against t hemselves! Some idolat ors said,

∇ゲト ͡ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ ポ ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ び∃ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ∇もや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠イェ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (O Allah ! If t his (Qur'an) is indeed t he t rut h (revealed) from You, t hen rain down st ones on us from t he sky or bring on us a painful t orment .) ぴ8:32び It is possible t hat bot h meanings are desired here, for t he idolat ors (of Quraysh) invoked Allah against t hemselves on t he day of Badr, and t he Messenger of Allah invoked Him for vict ory and support . Allah said t o t he idolat ors t hen,

ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レ∠ゎ ラ͡まヱ∠ ウ ⊥ ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エわ͡ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ((O disbelievers) if you ask for a j udgment , now has t he j udgment come unt o you; and if you cease (t o do wrong), it will be bet t er for you.) ぴ8:19び Allah knows best . Allah said next ,

び∃ギΒ͡レハ ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚらィ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠カヱ∠ ぴ (and every obst inat e, arrogant dict at or was brought t o a complet e loss and dest ruct ion.) t hose who were arrogant and rebelled against t he t rut h. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ギ∃ わ∠ ∇バョ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ヤャあ ノ∃ ⇒ｚレョｚ - ギ∃ Β͡レハ ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚヘミ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ぴ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャほ∠プ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や￢∠ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや - ょ ∃ Α͡ゲョぁ び ギ͡ Α͡ギゼ ｚ ャや ͡ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ((Allah will say t o t he angels): "Bot h of you t hrow int o Hell every st ubborn disbeliever hinderer of good, t ransgressor, doubt er, who set up anot her deit y wit h Allah. Then bot h of you cast him in t he severe t orment .'') ぴ50:24-26び The Prophet said,

∩∠ペも͡ ゅ∠ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヵ͡キゅ∠レわ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ イ ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡» «ギΒ͡レハ ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚらィ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤあミヱ⊥ ヶあルま͡ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボわ∠ プ∠ (On t he Day of Resurrect ion, Jahannam (Hellfire) will be brought and it will call t he creat ures, saying, "I was given t he responsibilit y of every rebellious t yrant .'') Therefore, every t yrant has earned ut t er demise and loss when t he Prophet s invoked Allah, t he Might y, t he Able for vict ory. Allah said next ,

び⊥ユレｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヮ͡ も͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リあョぴ (In front of him is Hell,) Allah says t hat Jahannam is in front of every obst inat e t yrant , await ing him, and he will reside in it forever on t he Day of Ret urn. He will be brought t o it in t he morning and t he aft ernoon unt il t he Day of t he Call,

び∃ギΑ͡ギタ ∠ ￢∃ べｚョ リ͡ョ ヴ∠ボ∇ジΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and he will be made t o drink boiling, fest ering wat er.) in t he Fire, his only drink will be from Hamim and Ghassaq, t he former is very hot and t he lat t er is very cold and rot t en. Allah said in anot her inst ance,

ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ムセ ∠ リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ カ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ - ∀ベゅｚジビ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ びァ ∀ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ (This is so! Then let t hem t ast e it - Hamim and Ghassaq. And ot her (t orment s) of similar kind all t oget her!)ぴ38:57-58び Muj ahid and ` Ikrimah said t hat t his fest ering wat er is made of puss and blood. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

び∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠バ∇ョぺ∠ ノ∠ ト ｚ ボ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボシ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And be given t o drink boiling wat er so t hat it cut s up t heir bowels. ) ぴ47:15び and,

ン͡ヲ∇ゼΑ∠ モ ͡ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ￢∃ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥をゅ∠ピΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥んΒ͡ピ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び∠ロヲ⊥ィヲ∇ャや (And if t hey ask for help, t hey will be grant ed wat er like boiling oil, t hat will scald t heir faces.) ぴ18:29び Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ヮハ ⊥ ゲｚ ∠イ∠わ∠Αぴ (He will sip it unwillingly), indicat es t hat he will hat e t o drink t his wat er, but he will be forced t o sip it ; he will refuse unt il t he angel st rikes him wit h an iron bar,

び ギ∃ Α͡ギェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ノ⊥ ョ͡ ゅ∠ボョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And for t hem are hooked rods of iron.)ぴ22:21び Allah said next ,

び⊥ヮピ⊥ Β͡ジΑ⊥ キ⊥ ゅ∠ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and he will find great difficult y in swallowing it down his t hroat ,) meaning, he will hat e t o swallow it because of it s awful t ast e, color and unbearable heat or coldness,

び∃ラゅ∠ムョ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and deat h will come t o him from every side,) his organs, limbs and ent ire body will suffer pain because of t his drink. ` Amr bin Maymun bin Mahran comment ed, "Every bone, nerve and blood vessel.'' Ad-Dahhak report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

び∃ラゅ∠ムョ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and deat h will come t o him from every side,) "All t ypes of t orment t hat Allah will punish him wit h on t he Day of Resurrect ion in t he fire of Jahannam will come t o him carrying deat h, if he were t o die. However, he will not die because Allah t he Exalt ed said,

∇リョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ブ ⊥ ｚヘガ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ヨΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ツ∇ボΑ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ びゅ∠ヰよ͡ や∠グハ ∠ (Neit her will it affect t hem t hat t hey die nor shall it s t orment be light ened for t hem)ぴ35:36び.'' Therefore, according t o Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him and his fat her, every t ype of punishment will come t o him (t he obst inat e, rebellious t yrant ) carrying deat h wit h it , if he will ever die t here. Yet , he will not die, he will inst ead receive et ernal punishment and t orment . Hence Allah's st at ement here,

び∃ろΒあ ヨ∠ よ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and deat h will come t o him from every side, yet he will not die,) Allah said,

び∀ナΒ͡ヤビ ∠ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ヮ͡ も͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (and in front of him, will be a great t orment .) even in t his condit ion, he will st ill suffer anot her severe t ype of t orment , more severe and painful from t he one before it , harsher more bit t er. Allah described t he t ree of Zaqqum,

ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ ∇ヤデ ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇タぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ぴ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ͡ Ι ∂ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ - リ ͡ Β͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや サ ⊥ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ゅ⇔よ∇ヲゼ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥トら⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゃャ͡ゅ∠ヨプ∠ び ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャΗ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ - ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ (Verily, it is a t ree t hat springs out of t he bot t om of Hellfire, t he shoot s of it s fruit s st alks are like t he heads of Shayat in; Truly, t hey will eat t hereof and fill t heir bellies t herewit h. Then on t op of t hat t hey will be given boiling wat er t o drink so t hat it becomes a mixt ure. Then t hereaft er, verily, t heir ret urn is t o t he flaming fire of Hell.)ぴ37:64-68び Allah st at es t hat t hey will eit her be eat ing from t he Zaqqum, drinking t he Hamim, or being t orment ed in t he Fire, again and again; we seek refuge wit h Allah from all of t his. Allah also said,

- ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゆ ⊥ あグム∠ Α⊥ ヴ͡わャｚや ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワぴ びラ ∃ や∠￢ ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プヲ⊥トΑ∠ (This is t he Hell which t he criminals denied. They will go bet ween it (Hell) and t he fierce boiling wat er!)ぴ55:43-44び,

ヴ͡ヤ∇ピ∠Α モ ͡ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ - ユ͡ Β͡をΙ ｘ や ュ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ - ュ͡ ヲぁホゴｚ ャや り∠ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ∇ハゅ∠プ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ - ユ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇ヤピ∠ ミ∠ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥トら⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ シ ͡ ∇ぺケ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ∇やヲぁらタ ⊥ ｚユを⊥ - ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ￢͡ へ∠ヲシ ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ユ⊥ Α͡ゲム∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ベク⊥ - ユ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ (Verily, t he t ree of Zaqqum will be t he food of t he sinners. Like boiling oil, it will boil in t he bellies, like t he boiling of scalding wat er. (It will be said) "Seize him and drag him int o t he midst of blazing Fire, t hen pour over his head t he t orment of boiling wat er. Tast e you (t his)! Verily, you were t he might y, t he generous! Verily, t his is t hat whereof you used t o doubt !'')ぴ44:43-50び,

ヴ͡プ - メ ͡ ゅ∠ヨゼ あ ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ べ∠ョ メ ͡ ゅ∠ヨゼ あ ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ キ∃ ケ͡ ゅ∠よ Ι ｚ - ュ∃ ヲ⊥ヨ∇エΑ∠ リあョ モ ｙニ ͡ ヱ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∃ ヲ⊥ヨシ ∠ び ユ∃ Α͡ゲミ∠ (And t hose on t he Left Hand - how (unfort unat e) will be t hose on t he Left Hand In fierce hot wind and boiling wat er, and shadow of black smoke, neit her cool nor pleasant .)ぴ56:41-44び, and, r

ゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヲヤ∠∇ダΑ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ -ゆ ∃ ゅ∠⇒ョ∠ ゲｚ ゼ ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ピ⇒ｚトヤ͡ャ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ - ∀ベゅｚジビ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ - キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヨ͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ プ∠ びァ ∀ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ムセ ∠ リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ カ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠

(This is so! And for t he Taghun will be an evil final ret urn. Hell! Where t hey will burn, and worst is t hat place t o rest ! This is so! Then let t hem t ast e it Hamim and Ghassaq. And ot her (t orment s) of similar kind all t oget her!)ぴ38:55-58び There are many ot her similar Ayat t hat indicat e t hat t he punishment t hey will receive is of different kinds, and t hat it is repeat ed in various t ypes and forms t hat only Allah t he Exalt ed knows, as j ust recompense,

び͡ギΒ͡らバ∠ ∇ヤャあ ユ∃ ⇒ｚヤヌ ∠ よ͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And your Lord is not at all unj ust t o (His) slaves.) ぴ41:46び

∇れギｚ わ∠ ∇セや キ∃ ゅ∠ョゲ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ん∠ ｚョぴ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ Ι ｚ ブ ∃ タ ͡ ゅ∠ハ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡プ ウ ⊥ Αあゲャや ヮ͡ よ͡ び ギ⊥ Β͡バ∠ら∇ャや メ ⊥Κ ∠ ｚツャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (18. The parable of t hose who disbelieved in t heir Lord is t hat t heir works are as ashes, on which t he wind blows furiously on a st ormy day; t hey shall not be able t o get aught of what t hey have earned. That is t he st raying, far away (from t he right pat h).)

A Parable for the Deeds of the Disbelievers This is a parable t hat Allah has given for t he deeds and act ions of t he disbelievers who worshipped ot hers besides Him and rej ect ed His Messengers, t hus building t heir act s on groundless basis. Their act ions vanished from t hem when t hey were most in need of t heir rewards. Allah said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ん∠ ｚョぴ (The parable of t hose who disbelieved in t heir Lord is t hat t heir works) on t he Day of Judgment , when t hey will seek t heir rewards from Allah t he Exalt ed. They used t o t hink t hat t hey had somet hing, but t hey will find not hing, except what remains of ashes when a st rong wind blows on it ,

び∃ブタ ͡ ゅ∠ハ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡プぴ (on a st ormy day;) They will not earn rewards for any of t he good works t hey performed during t his life, except what t hey can preserve of ashes during a day of st rong wind. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

￢⇔ べ∠らワ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ モ ∃ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇ョ͡ギ∠ホ∠ヱぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥んレｚョ (And We shall t urn t o what ever deeds t hey did, and We shall make such deeds as scat t ered float ing part icles of dust .)ぴ25:23び,

ウ ∃ Α͡ケ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒͡ワ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇レΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ゐ ∠ ∇ゲェ ∠ ∇ろよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ゲｘ タ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わム∠ ヤ∠∇ワほ∠プ∠ (The parable of what t hey spend in t his world is t hat of a wind which is ext remely cold; it st ruck t he harvest of a people who did wrong against t hemselves and dest royed it . Allah wronged t hem not , but t hey wronged t hemselves.)ぴ3:117び,and,

リ あ ヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ムわ͡ ⇒∠ホギ∠ タ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤト ͡ ∇らゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ￢∠ べ∠もケ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ョ ペ ⊥ ヘ͡ レ⊥Α ン͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ン∠クΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∃ や∠ヲ∇ヘタ ∠ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ヨ∠ プ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ Ι ｚ やギ⇔ ∇ヤタ ∠ ヮ⊥ ミ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ∀モ͡よや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タほ∠プ∠ ∀ゆや∠ゲゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヵ͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (O you who believe! Do not render in vain your Sadaqah (charit y) by reminders of your generosit y or by inj ury, like him who spends his wealt h t o be seen of men, and he does not believe in Allah, nor in t he Last Day. His parable is t hat of a smoot h rock on which is a lit t le dust ; on it falls heavy rain which leaves it bare. They are not able t o do anyt hing wit h what t hey have earned. And Allah does not guide t he disbelieving people.)ぴ2:264び Allah said in t his Ayah,

び⊥ギΒ͡バら∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥Κ ∠ ｚツャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (That is t he st raying, far away from t he right pat h) meaning, t heir work and deeds were not based on firm, correct grounds, and t hus, t hey lost t heir rewards when t hey needed t hem t he most ,

び⊥ギΒ͡バら∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥Κ ∠ ｚツャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (That is t he st raying, far away from t he right pat h.)

ペ あ エ∇ャゅ͡よ チ ∠ ∇ケΕ ∠ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ギ∃ Α͡ギィ ∠ ペ ∃ ∇ヤガ ∠ よ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇らワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ Α∠ ラ͡ま び ゴ∃ Α͡ゴバ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (19. Do you not see t hat Allah has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h wit h t rut h If He wills, He can remove you and bring (in your place) a new creat ion!) (20. And for Allah t hat is not hard or difficult .)

Proof that Resurrection occurs after Death Allah affirms His abilit y t o resurrect t he bodies on t he Day of Resurrect ion, st at ing t hat He has creat ed t he heavens and eart h which are st ronger t han t he creat ion of man. Is not He Who is able t o creat e t he heavens, high, wide and st rongly built , which include in t hem t he planet s and st ars and t he various heavenly obj ect s and clear signs. Is not He Who creat ed t his eart h wit h all what it cont ains of land, valleys, mount ains, desert s, green fields, barren lands, seas and various shapes, benefit s, species and colors of t rees, plant s and animals

れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ∃ キ͡ ゅ∠ボよ͡ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ボ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ よ͡ ヴ ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや (Do t hey not see t hat Allah, Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, and was not wearied by t heir creat ion, is able t o give life t o t he dead Yes, He surely, is able t o do all t hings.)ぴ46:33び,

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ る∃ ヘ∠ ∇トルぁ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ ∠ジ ͡ ル∠ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ - ∀リΒ͡らョｘ ∀ユΒ͡ダ∠カ ン͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ - ∀ユΒ͡ョケ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ユ∠ ⇒∠ヌバ͡ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ エ⊥Α リ∠ョ ン͡グャｚや - ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ペ ∃ ∇ヤカ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ り∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ べ∠ワほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ

ヮ∇レョあ ユ⊥わル∠ぺ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ゲ͡ ツ ∠ ∇カΙ ｘ や ゲ͡ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャ∠や ザ ∠ ∇Β⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギホ͡ ヲ⊥ゎ ペ ⊥ ⇒ｚヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ユ⊥ヰヤ∠∇んョ͡ ペ ∠ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ∃ ギ͡ ⇒∠ボよ͡ リ⊥ミ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムヤ∠ョ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ン͡グャｚや リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らジ ⊥ プ∠ - ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ (Does not man see t hat We have creat ed him from Nut fah (drop of sperm). Yet behold he (st ands fort h) as an open opponent . And he put s fort h for Us a parable, and forget s his own creat ion He says: "Who will give life t o t hese bones aft er t hey are rot t en and have become dust '' Say: "He will give life t o t hem Who creat ed t hem for t he first t ime! And He is t he AllKnower of every creat ion!'' He Who produces for you fire out of t he green t ree, when behold you kindle t herewit h. Is not He Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, able t o creat e t he like of t hem Yes, indeed! He is t he All-Knowing Supreme Creat or. Verily, His command, when He int ends a t hing, is only t hat He says t o it , "Be!'' - and it is! So glorified is He and exalt ed above all t hat t hey associat e wit h Him, and in Whose Hands is t he dominion of all t hings: and t o Him you shall be ret urned.)ぴ36:77-83び Allah's st at ement ,

マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ギ∃ Α͡ギィ ∠ ペ ∃ ∇ヤガ ∠ よ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユ⇒⊥ム∇らワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まぴ び ゴ∃ Α͡ゴバ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (If He wills, He can remove you and bring (in your place) a new creat ion! And for Allah t hat is not hard or difficult .) means, it is not hard or impossible for Allah t o do t hat . Rat her, it is easy for Him, t hat if you defy His order, He t akes you away and brings in your place anot her creat ion who is unlike you. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ヴ ぁ レ͡ ピ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢⊥ へ∠ゲボ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ル∠ぺ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ギ∃ Α͡ギィ ∠ ペ ∃ ∇ヤガ ∠ よ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユ⇒⊥ム∇らワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ Α∠ ラ͡ま - ギ⊥ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや び ゴ∃ Α͡ゴバ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ (O mankind! It is you who st and in need of Allah. But Allah is Rich, Wort hy of all praise. If He willed, He could dest roy you and bring about a new creat ion. And t hat is not hard for Allah.)ぴ35:15-17び,

Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇メギ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ￢⊥ へ∠ゲボ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ャやぴ び∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ (And if you t urn away, He will exchange you for some ot her people and t hey will not be your likes.) ぴ47:38び

ヮ͡ レ͡ Α͡キ リ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ギｚ ゎ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ リ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び⊥ヮル∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ (O you who believe! Whoever from among you t urns back from his religion, Allah will bring a people whom He will love and t hey will love Him.)ぴ5:54び and,

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ ゅ⇒͡よ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇らワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まぴ び や⇔ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (If He wills, He can t ake you away, O people, and bring ot hers. And Allah is Ever All-Pot ent over t hat .)ぴ4:133び

リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ヘバ∠ ツ ぁ ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥コゲ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅｚレ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レ∇ピョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔バら∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ルや∠ギワ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ル∇ゲら∠ タ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ べ∠レ∇ハゴ͡ ィ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Αギ∠ ヰ∠ ャ∠ びゾ ∃ Β͡エョｚ リ͡ョ (21. And t hey all shall appear before Allah; t hen t he weak will say t o t hose who were arrogant : "Verily, we were following you; can you avail us anyt hing against Allah's t orment '' They will say: "Had Allah guided us, we would have guided you. It makes no difference t o us (now) whet her we rage, or bear (t hese t orment s) wit h pat ience; t here is no place of refuge for us.'')

Disbelieving Chiefs and Their Followers will dispute in the Fire Allah said,

び∇やヱ⊥コゲ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey shall appear) meaning, all t he creat ures, t he wicked and t he right eous among t hem, will appear before Allah t he One, t he Irresist ible. They will be gat hered on a flat plain t hat does not have anyt hing t hose present could use for cover,

び⊥￢ゅ∠ヘバ∠ ツ ぁ ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ (t hen t he weak will say) t he followers who used t o obey t heir chiefs, leaders and not ables will say,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ぴ (t o t hose who were arrogant ) who rebelled against worshipping Allah alone wit hout part ners and obeying t he Messengers,

びゅ⇔バら∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, we were following you,), we obeyed your orders and implement ed t hem,

び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅｚレ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レ∇ピョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ (can you avail us anyt hing against Allah's t orment ) They will ask, ` can you prevent any of Allah's t orment from st riking us as you used t o promise and vow t o us' The leaders will say in response,

び∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Αギ∠ ヰ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ルや∠ギワ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ ` (Had Allah guided us, we would have guided you.) but t he st at ement of our Lord shall come t o pass concerning us, and t he dest iny t hat He has appoint ed for us and you shall come t rue; t he word of punishment shall befall t he disbelievers,

リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ル∇ゲら∠ タ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ べ∠レ∇ハゴ͡ ィ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シぴ び∃ゾΒ͡エョｚ (It makes no difference t o us (now) whet her we rage, or bear (t hese t orment s) wit h pat ience; t here is no place of refuge for us.) we have no means of escape from what we are in, whet her we face it wit h pat ience or grief.' I (Ibn Kat hir) say t hat it appears t hat t his conversat ion will occur in t he Fire aft er t hey ent er it , j ust as Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ヘバ∠ ツ ぁ ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ケ͡ ゅ⇒ｚレャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲぁィべ∠エわ∠ Α∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゅｚレ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レ∇ピョぁ ユ⊥わル∠ぺ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔バ∠らゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ⇒∇ムわ∠ ∇シや モ ｘ ミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ び キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ∠ ム∠ ェ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ (And, when t hey will disput e in t he Fire, t he weak will say t o t hose who were arrogant : "Verily, we followed you, can you t hen t ake from us some port ion of t he Fire'' Those who were arrogant will say: "We are all (t oget her) in t his (Fire)! Verily, Allah has j udged bet ween (His) servant s!'')ぴ40:47-48び,

リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや リあョ ユ⊥ムヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ユ∃ ョ∠ ぺ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ ∇カぺ⊥ ∇ろレ∠ バ∠ ャｚ ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ザ ͡ ∇ルΗ ͡ や∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ミケ∠ やｚキや や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ∇バッ ͡ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ゅ∠ルヲぁヤッ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャヱｙΙ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∀ブ∇バ͡ッ ｙモム⊥ ャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ゲ∇カΙ ｘ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ((Allah) will say: "Ent er you in t he company of nat ions who passed away before you, of men and Jinn, int o t he Fire.'' Every t ime a new nat ion ent ers, it curses it s sist er nat ion (t hat went before) unt il t hey will be gat hered all t oget her in t he Fire. The last of t hem will say t o t he first of t hem: "Our Lord! These misled us, so give t hem a double t orment of t he Fire.'' He will say: "For each one t here is double (t orment ), but you know not .'' The first of t hem will say t o t he last of t hem: "You were not bet t er t han us, so t ast e t he t orment for what you used t o earn.'')ぴ7:38-39び, and,

ゅ∠ルヲぁヤッ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ へ∠ゲら∠ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ゎ∠キゅ∠シ ゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ べｚル͡ま べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レバ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βヘ∠ ∇バッ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ や∠￢ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ - ∇ΚΒ͡らジ ｚ ャや び や⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゅ⇔レ∇バャ∠ (Our Lord! Verily, we obeyed our chiefs and our great ones, and t hey misled us from t he (right ) way. Our Lord! Give t hem a double t orment and curse t hem wit h a might y curse!)ぴ33:67-68び Disbelievers will also disput e on t he Day of Gat hering,

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プヲ⊥ホ∇ヲョ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ͡ヤ⇒ｚヌャや ク͡ ま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ メ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ノ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅｚレム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツわ⊥ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツわ⊥ ∇シや リ ∠ Αグ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ルキ∠ギタ ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツわ⊥ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レル∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇クま͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ゲ⊥ ∇ムョ∠ ∇モよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや ゅｚヨ∠ャ る∠ ョ∠ や∠ギレｚ ャや ∇やヱぁゲシ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔キや∠ギル∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゲ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ムルｚ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ベ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ∠ ⇒∠ヤ∇ビｘΙや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∠ゆや∠グ∠バ∠ャ∇や ∇やヱ⊥ ぺ∠ケ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ (But if you could see when t he wrongdoers will be made t o st and before t heir Lord, how t hey will cast t he (blaming) word one t o anot her! Those who were deemed weak will say t o t hose who were arrogant : "Had it not been for you, we cert ainly have been believers!'' And t hose who were arrogant will say t o t hose who were deemed weak: "Did we keep you back from guidance aft er it had come t o you Nay, but you were wrongdoers.'' Those who were deemed weak will say t o t hose who were arrogant : "Nay, but it was your plot t ing by night and day: when you ordered us t o disbelieve in Allah and set up rivals t o Him!'' And We shall put iron collars round

t he necks of t hose who disbelieved. Are t hey requit ed aught except what t hey used t o do)ぴ34:31-33び

∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘやヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ゅｚヨャ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ヴ ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠∇カほ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎぁ ギ∠ハヱ∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らイ ∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ カ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダヨ⊥ よ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ャヱ∠ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ヤゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ れ ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ヴあルま͡ ヴ ｚカ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダヨ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ モ ∠カ ͡ ∇キぺ⊥ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ヌ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ｚΒエ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΕ ∠ や ゅ∠ヰわ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョ び ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (22. And Shayt an will say when t he mat t er has been decided: "Verily, Allah promised you a promise of t rut h. And I t oo promised you, but I bet rayed you. I had no aut horit y over you except t hat I called you, and you responded t o me. So blame me not , but blame yourselves. I cannot help you, nor can you help me. I deny your former act in associat ing me (Shayt an) as a part ner wit h Allah (by obeying me in t he life of t he world). Verily, t here is a painful t orment for t he wrongdoers.'') K(23. And t hose who believed and did right eous deeds, will be made t o ent er Gardens under which rivers flow, - t o dwell t herein for ever (i.e. in Paradise), wit h t he permission of t heir Lord. Their greet ing t herein will be: "Salam (peace!).'')

Shaytan disowns His Followers on the Day of Resurrection Allah narrat es t o us what Iblis will say t o his followers aft er Allah finishes wit h t he j udgement bet ween His servant s, sending t he believers t o t he gardens of Paradise and t he disbelievers t o t he lows (of t he Fire). Iblis, may Allah curse him, will st and and address t he lat t er, in order t o add depression t o t heir depression, sorrow t o t heir sorrow and grief t o t heir grief. He will declare,

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ

` (Verily, Allah promised you a promise of t rut h.) by t he words of His Messengers t hat if you follow t hem, you will gain safet y and deliverance. Truly, Allah's promise was t rue and correct news, while I promised you t hen bet rayed you.' Allah said in anot her Ayah,

や⇔ケヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Βあレヨ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ぴ び (He (Shayt an) makes promises t o t hem, and arouses in t hem false desires; and Shayt an's promises are not hing but decept ions.) ぴ4:120び

び∃リ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (I had no aut horit y over you) Shayt an will say, ` I had no proof for what I called you t o, nor evidence for what I promised you,

びヴ͡ャ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らイ ∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except t hat I called you, and you responded t o me.) even t hough t he Messengers est ablish t he proof and unequivocal evidences against you and affirmed t he t rut h of what t hey were sent t o you wit h. But you disobeyed t he Messengers and ended up earning t his fat e,

びヴ͡ルヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ヤゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So blame me not ,) t oday,

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ャヱ∠ ぴ (but blame yourselves.), because it is your fault for defying t he proofs and following me in t he falsehood t hat I called you t o.' Shayt an will say next ,

び∇ユム⊥ カ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダヨ⊥ よ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べｚョぴ (I cannot help you), I cannot benefit , save, or deliver you from what you are suffering,

びｚヴカ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダヨ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (nor can you help me.), nor can you save me and deliver me from t he t orment and punishment I am suffering,

び⊥モ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ れ ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ

(I deny your former act of associat ing me (Shayt an) as a part ner wit h Allah.) or because you associat ed me wit h Allah before,' according t o Qat adah. Ibn Jarir comment ed; "I deny being a part ner wit h Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored.'' This opinion is t he most plausible, for Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

Ι ｚ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リｚヨョ͡ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ハキ⊥ リ∠ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ⊥ Β͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ギ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ゼ ͡ェ ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ (And who is more ast ray t han one who calls on ot hers besides Allah, such as will not answer him t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion, and who are (even) unaware of t heir calls t o t hem And when mankind are gat hered, t hey will become t heir enemies and will deny t heir worshipping.)ぴ46:56び and,

び や⇔ギ∂ ッ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠らバ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΒ∠ シ ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay, but t hey (t he so-called gods) will deny t heir worship of t hem, and become opponent s t o t hem.)ぴ19:82び Allah said next ,

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he wrongdoers), who deviat e from t rut h and follow falsehood, will earn a painful t orment . It appears t hat t his part of t he Ayah narrat es t he speech t hat Shayt an will deliver t o t he people of t he Fire aft er t hey ent er it , as we st at ed. ` Amir Ash-Sha` bi said, "On t he Day of Resurrect ion, t wo speakers will address t he people. Allah t he Exalt ed will say t o ` Isa, son of Maryam,

リ͡ョ リ ͡ ∇Βヰ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ ヴ ∠ ョあ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥グガ ͡ ゎｚ や サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ろ ∠ ヤ⊥ホ ろ ∠ ル∠￢ぺ∠ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ (Did you say unt o men: "Worship me and my mot her as t wo gods besides Allah'') ぴ5:116び unt il,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇ギタ ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (Allah will say: "This is a Day on which t he t rut hful will profit from t heir t rut h.'')ぴ5:119び Shayt an, may Allah curse him, will st and and address t he people,

∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びヴ͡ャ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らイ ∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ (I had no aut horit y over you except t hat I called you, and you responded t o me.) Allah next ment ioned t he final dest inat ion of t he miserable ones, who earned t he disgrace and t orment and having t o list en t o Shayt an address t hem, t hen He ment ioned t he final dest inat ion of t he happy ones,

ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ∠カ ͡ ∇キぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ゲ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΕ ∠ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ (And t hose who believed and did right eous deeds, will be made t o ent er Gardens under which rivers flow,) wherever t hey wish t hem t o flow and wherever t hey may be,

びべ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カぴ (t o dwell t herein for ever,) and will never t ransfer or be t ransferred from it ,

び∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ｚΒエ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ぴ (wit h t he permission of t heir Lord. Their greet ing t herein will be: "Salam (peace!). '') Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∇ろエ ∠ わ͡ プ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ び∇ユ⇒⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ ル∠ ゴ∠ カ ∠ (Till, when t hey reach it , and it s gat es will be opened and it s keepers will say: "Salamun ` Alaykum (peace be upon you!)'') ぴ39:73び

び⊥ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤジ ∠ よ∃ ゅ∠よ あモミ⊥ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ャやヱ∠ ぴ (And angels shall ent er unt o t hem from every gat e (saying): "Salamun ` Alaykum (peace be upon you!).'') ぴ13:23-24び

び⇔ゅヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ Βｚ エ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ∇ヲボｚ ヤ∠Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (Therein t hey shall be met wit h greet ings and t he word of peace and respect .) ぴ25:75び

ュ∀ Κ ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ Βｚ エ ͡ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヲ∇ハキ∠ ゲ⊥ カ ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ (Their way of request t herein will be Subhanaka Allahumma (glory t o you, O Allah) and Salam (peace!) will be t heir greet ings t herein (Paradise)! And t he close of t heir request will be: AlHamdu Lillahi Rabbil-'Alamin ぴall praise t o Allah t he Lord of t hat exist sび.)ぴ10:10び

る⇔ ら∠ Βあ デ ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ - ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヰハ ⊥ ∇ゲプ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ろ͡よゅ∠を ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇タぺ∠ る∃ ら∠ Βあ デ ∠ り∃ ゲ∠イゼ ∠ ミ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよあ ケ∠ ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ リ ∃ Β͡ェ ｚモミ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ミ⊥ ぺ⊥ ヴ͡ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥ る∃ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ モ ⊥ ん∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ メ ∠ ゅ∠ん∇ョΕ ∠や ゅ∠ョ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやベ ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろんｚ わ⊥ ∇ィや る∃ ん∠ Βら͡ カ ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ イ ∠ゼ ∠ ミ∠ る∃ ん∠ Β͡らカ ∠ び ケ∃ や∠ゲホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ (24. See you not how Allah set s fort h a parable A goodly word as a goodly t ree, whose root is firmly fixed, and it s branches (reach) t o t he sky.) (25. Giving it s fruit at all t imes, by t he leave of it s Lord, and Allah set s fort h parables for mankind in order t hat t hey may remember.) (26. And t he parable of an evil word is t hat of an evil t ree uproot ed from t he surface of eart h, having no st abilit y.)

The Parable of the Word of Islam and the Word of Kufr Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas comment ed t hat Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔るら∠ Βあ デ ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ぴ (a parable: a goodly word), refers t o t est ifying t o La ilaha illallah, (none has t he right t o be worshipped but Allah) while,

び∃るら∠ Βあ デ ∠ ∃りゲ∠イ∠ゼ∠ミぴ (as a goodly t ree), refers t o t he believer, and t hat ,

び∀ろよ͡ ゅ∠を ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇タぺ∠ぴ (whose root is firmly fixed), indicat es t hat La ilaha illallah, (none has t he right t o be worshipped but Allah) is firm in t he believers' heart ,

び͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヰハ ⊥ ∇ゲプ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and it s branches (reach) t o t he sky.) wit h which t he believer's works are ascended t o heaven. Similar is said by Ad-Dahhak, Sa'id bin Jubayr, ` Ikrimah, Muj ahid and several ot hers. They st at ed t hat t his parable describes t he believer's deeds, good st at ement s and good act ions. The believer is j ust like t he beneficial dat e t ree, always having good act ions ascending at all t imes, by day and by night . Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said, "We were wit h t he Messenger of Allah when he asked,

ユ͡ ヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャゅ∠ミ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ら͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ り∃ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ヶ͡ルヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇カぺ∠» ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ミ⊥ ぺ⊥ ヶ͡ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩⇔￢ゅ∠わセ ͡ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ∇Βタ ∠ ゅ∠ヰホ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ れ ぁ ゅ∠エわ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ «ゅ∠ヰよあ ケ∠ ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ リ ∃ Β͡ェ ｚモミ⊥ (Tell me about a t ree t hat resembles t he Muslim, t he leaves of which do not fall in summer or wint er and gives it s fruit at all t imes by t he leave of it s Lord.)'' Ibn ` Umar said, "I t hought of t he dat e palm t ree, but felt shy t o answer when I saw t hat Abu Bakr and ` Umar did not t alk. When t hey did not give an answer, t he Messenger of Allah said,

«る∠ヤ∇ガレｚ ャや ヶ ∠ ワ͡ » (It is t he dat e palm t ree.) When we depart ed, I said t o ` Umar, ` My fat her, by Allah! I t hought t hat it was t he dat e t ree.' He said, ` Why did you not speak t hen' I said, ` I saw you were silent and I felt shy t o say anyt hing.' ` Umar said, ` Had you said it , it would have been more precious t o me t han such t hings (i.e., would have been very precious t o me).''' ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas said t hat ,

び∃るら∠ Βあ デ ∠ ∃りゲ∠イ∠ゼ∠ミぴ (as a goodly t ree), is a t ree in Paradise. Allah said next ,

び∃リΒ͡ェ ｚモミ⊥ ゅヰ∠ ヤ∠ミ⊥ ぺ⊥ ヴ͡ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥ ぴ (Giving it s fruit at all t imes,) It is said t hat it means by day and by night . And t hey say t hat describes t he believer as a t ree t hat always has fruit s during summer and wint er, by night and by day. This is t he parable of t he believer whose good works ascend t o heaven by day and by night and at all t imes,

びゅ∠ヰよあ ケ∠ ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ぴ (by t he leave of it s Lord, ) t hus earning perfect ion and becoming beneficial, plent iful, pure and blessed,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ メ ∠ ゅ∠ん∇ョΕ ∠ や ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and Allah set s fort h parables for mankind in order t hat t hey may remember.) Allah said next ,

び∃るん∠ Β͡らカ ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ イ ∠ゼ ∠ ミ∠ る∃ ん∠ Β͡らカ ∠ る∃ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ モ ⊥ ん∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t he parable of an evil word is t hat of an evil t ree) describing t he disbelief of t he disbeliever, for it has no basis or st abilit y. It is similar t o t he colocynt h t ree (a very bit t er, unscent ed plant ) which is also called, ` Ash-Shiryan'. Shu` bah narrat ed t hat Mu` awiyah bin Abi Qurrah narrat ed t hat Anas bin Malik said t hat it is t he colocynt h t ree. Allah said,

び∇ろんｚ わ⊥ ∇ィやぴ (uproot ed), meaning, was cut off from t he root ,

び∃ケや∠ゲホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ゅ∠ョ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやベ ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョぴ (from t he surface of eart h, having no st abilit y.) t herefore, exist ing wit hout basis or st abililt y, j ust like Kufr (disbelief), for it does not have a basis or root s. Surely, t he works of t he disbelievers will never ascend nor will any of t hem be accept ed.

ヴ͡プ ろ ͡ よ͡ ゅｚんャや メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ろ ⊥ あらん∠ Α⊥ ぴ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ぁツ ͡ Α⊥ ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや び ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヱ∠ (27. Allah will keep firm t hose who believe, wit h t he word t hat st ands firm in t his world, and in t he Hereaft er. And Allah will cause t he wrongdoers t o go ast ray, and Allah does what He wills.)

Allah keeps the Believers Firm in This Life and in the Hereafter with a Word that stands Firm Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Al-Bara bin ` Azib, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩⊥ぶや ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇らボ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ モ ∠ ゃ͡ シ ⊥ や∠クま͡ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや» :ヮ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ぶや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ や⇔ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡プ ろ ͡ よ͡ ゅｚんャや メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ろ ⊥ あらん∠ Α⊥ ぴ び͡りゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや « (When t he Muslim is quest ioned in t he grave, he will t est ify t hat , ` La ilaha illallah', and t hat Muhammad is Allah's Messenger, hence Allah's st at ement , (Allah will keep firm t hose who believe, wit h word t hat st ands firm in t his world, and in t he Hereaft er.) Muslim and t he rest of t he Group recorded it . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Al-Bara bin ` Azib said, "We went wit h t he Messenger of Allah t o at t end a funeral procession of an Ansari man. We reached t he grave sit e when it had not yet been complet ed. The Messenger of Allah sat , and we sat all around him, as if t here were birds hovering above our heads. The Prophet was holding a piece of wood in his hand, poking t he ground wit h it . He next raised his head and said t wice or t hrice,

«ゲ∇らボ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ やヱ⊥グΒ͡バわ∠ ∇シや» (Seek refuge wit h Allah from t he punishment of t he grave.) He said next ,

ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ネ ∃ ゅ∠トボ͡ ∇ルや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ る∀ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤョ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ∠ゴル∠ ∩͡りゲ∠ カ ͡ べ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ∃ ゅ∠ら∇ホま∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∩⊥ザ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ラ ｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∩͡ロヲ⊥ィヲ⊥ ∇ャや ヂ ⊥ Β͡よ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヅ ͡ ヲ⊥レェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀ヅヲ⊥レェ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヘ∇ミぺ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ∀ ヘ∠ ミ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ∠ョ∠ ￢⊥ ヶ͡イΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡ゲダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ギｚ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ やヲ⊥ジヤ͡∇イΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ Αｚ ぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ヮシ ͡ ∇ぺケ∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ザ ∠ ヤ͡∇イΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ぶ ͡ や リ ∠ ョ͡ り∃ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヶ͡ィゲ⊥ ∇カや る⊥ ∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや ザ ⊥ ∇ヘｚレャや モ ⊥ Β͡ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∩⊥モΒ͡ジゎ∠ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガわ∠ プ∠ : メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ラ ∃ や∠ヲ∇ッケ͡ ヱ∠

∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ワグ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワグ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ボジ あ ャや ヶ͡プ ∇リョ͡ り⊥ ゲ∠ ∇トボ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ワヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∃ ∇Βハ ∠ る∠ プ∠ ∇ゲデ ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Α∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ハギ∠ Α∠ ∩͡ヅヲ⊥レ∠エ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヶ͡プヱ∠ リ ͡ ヘ∠ ム∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イΒ∠ プ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇れギ∠ ィ ͡ ヱ⊥ マ ∃ ∇ジョ͡ る͡ エ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ょ ͡ Β∠ ∇デほ∠ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲヨ⊥ Α∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギバ∠ ∇ダΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ゅ∠ョ :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅｚャま͡ ∩͡るム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ほ∃ヤ∠ョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヶ͡レ∇バΑ∠ リ ͡ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠よ͡ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ヤプ⊥ リ ⊥ ∇よ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ⊥ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨⊥るら∠ Βあ ト ｚ ャや ゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲぁヨジ ∠ Α⊥ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ヶ͡わャｚや ヮ͡ も͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇シぺ∠ ウ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヘΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エわ͡ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ やヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥よｚゲボ∠ ョ⊥ ￢∃ ゅ∠ヨシ ∠ あモミ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ あΒゼ ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∩͡るバ∠ よ͡ ゅｚジャや ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヴ∠ヰわ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ヤゎ∠ ヶ͡わャｚや リ ∠ ΒあΒヤあハ ͡ ヶ͡プ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠わミ͡ やヲ⊥らわ⊥ ∇ミや :ぶ ⊥ や メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヶあルみ͡プ∠ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギΒ͡ハぺ∠ヱ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠バわ⊥ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠ゎ ∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∩∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡ハぺ⊥ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠ジヤ͡∇イΒ⊥ プ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ムヤ∠ョ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ ジ ∠ィ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ェ ⊥ ヱ⊥ケ ゅ∠ョ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ぶや ヶあよケ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨∠マよぁ ケ∠ ∇リョ∠ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ や∠グワ∠ ゅ∠ョ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ュゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや ヶ͡レΑ͡キ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨∠マレ⊥ Α͡キ ∩͡ぶや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ゑ ∠ バ͡ よ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚや モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや

ぶ ͡ やゆ ∠ ゅ∠わミ͡ れ ⊥ ∇ぺゲ∠ ホ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨∠マヨ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ :͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ キ∃ ゅ∠レョ⊥ ヵ͡キゅ∠レΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩⊥ろ∇ホギｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇レョ∠ べ∠プ リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ジ͡ら∇ャ∠ぺ∠ヱ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥セゲ͡ ∇プほ∠プ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ベ ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ : メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔よゅ∠よ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ やヲ⊥エわ∠ ∇プや∠ヱ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ロ͡ ゲ͡ ダ ∠ よ∠ ギｚ ョ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇らホ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰら͡ Β͡デヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡ェ∇ヱ∠ケ ょ ⊥ あΒデ ∠ ∩͡ゆゅ∠Βんあ ャや リ ⊥ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇ィヲ∠ ∇ャや リ ⊥ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グワ∠ ∩∠ポゲぁ ジ ⊥ Α∠ ヵ͡グャｚゅ͡よ ∇ゲゼ ͡ ∇よぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ウΑあゲャや マ ∠ ヰ⊥ ∇ィヲ∠ プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚや マ ∠ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨͡ゲ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヶ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ∇ィヲ∠ ∇ャや ユ͡ ホ͡ ぺ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ユ͡ホ∠ぺ ゆ あ ケ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ウャ͡ゅｚダャや .ヶ͡ャゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヶ͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ノ∠ ィ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩∠るハ ∠ ゅｚジャや (When a believing slave is reaching t he end of his t erm in t he life of t his world and t he beginning of his t erm in t he Hereaft er, a group of angels, whose faces are whit e and as radiant as t he sun, will descend ont o him from heaven. They will carry wit h t hem whit e shroud from Paradise, and fragrance for enshrouding from Paradise. They will sit as far from him as t he sight goes. Then, t he angel of deat h, will come unt il he sit s right next t o his head, saying, "O, good and pure soul! Depart (your body) t o Allah's forgiveness and pleasure.'' So t he soul flows (out of it s body), j ust as t he drop flows out from t he t ip of t he j ug, and t he angel of deat h capt ures it . When he capt ures t he soul, t hey (t he group of angels) will not leave it wit h him for more t han an inst ance, and t hey will seize it and wrap it in t hat shroud, and in t hat fragrance. A most pleasant musk scent ever found on t he eart h, will flow out of t he soul, and t he angels will ascend it (t o heaven). They will not pass by, but t hey will say, "Whose is t his Tayyib (good) soul'' They (t he angels who are ascending t he soul) will reply, "Such person, t he son of such and such person,'' -- calling him by t he best names t hat he used t o be called in t he world. They will reach t he lower heaven and will ask t hat it s door be opened for him, and it will be opened for t hem. The best resident s of every heaven will t hen see him t o t he next heaven, unt il he is brought t o t he sevent h heaven. Allah, t he Exalt ed and Ever High, will say, "List my servant s record in ` Illiyyin and send him back t o eart h, for I have creat ed t hem from it , and int o it I shall ret urn t hem, and from it I shall bring t hem out once again.'' The soul will be j oined wit h it s body, and t wo angels will come t o him, sit him up and ask him, "Who is your Lord'' He will say, "Allah is my Lord.'' They will ask him, "What is your religion'' He will say, "My religion is Islam.'' They will say t o him, "What do you say about t his man (Prophet Muhammad) who was sent t o you'' He will say, "He is t he Messenger of Allah.'' They will ask him, "And what proof do

you have about it '' He will say, "I read t he Book of Allah (t he Qur'an), and had fait h and belief in him.'' Then, a caller (Allah) will herald from heaven, "My servant has said t he t rut h. Therefore, furnish him from Paradise, and let him wear from (t he clot hes of) Paradise, and open a door for him t o Paradise.'' So he is given from Paradise's t ranquillit y and good scent , and his grave will be expanded for him as far as his sight can reach. Then, a man, wit h a handsome face and handsome clot hes and whose scent is pleasant , will come t o him, saying, "Receive t he glad t idings wit h t hat which pleases you. This is t he Day which you were promised.'' He will ask him, "Who are you; for yours is t he face t hat carries t he good news'' He will reply, "I am your good works.'' He will say, "O Lord! Hurry up wit h t he commencement of t he Hour, hurry up wit h t he commencement of t he Hour, so I can ret urn t o my family and my wealt h.'')

リ ∠ ョ͡ ネ ∃ ゅ∠トボ͡ ∇ルや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や∠クま͡ ゲ∠ プ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや ギ∠ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ ∠ ョ͡ る∀ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤョ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ ∩͡りゲ∠ カ ͡ べ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ∃ ゅ∠ら∇ホま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ やヲ⊥ジヤ∠イ ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ゥヲ⊥ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ロ͡ ヲ⊥ィヲ⊥ ∇ャや キ⊥ ヲ⊥シ ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ザ ∠ ヤ͡∇イΒ∠ プ∠ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや マ ⊥ ヤ∠ョ∠ ￢⊥ ヶ͡イΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡ゲダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ギｚ ョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヶ͡ィゲ⊥ ∇カや ∩⊥るん∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ザ ⊥ ∇ヘｚレャや ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ Αｚ ぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ヮシ ͡ ∇ぺケ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ジ ∠ィ ∠ ヶ͡プ ベ ∠ ゲｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ょ ∃ ツ ∠ ビ ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や リ ∠ ョ͡ テ ∃ガ ∠シ ∠ フ ͡ ヲぁダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ キ⊥ ヲぁヘジ ｚ ャや ネ ⊥ ゴ∠ わ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ∠ヰハ ⊥ ゴ͡ わ∠ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Α∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ハギ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ワグ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ワグ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡メヲ⊥ヤ∇らヨ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∃ ∇Βハ ∠ る∠ プ∠ ∇ゲデ ∠ ∇れギ∠ ィ ͡ ヱ⊥ る∃ ヘ∠ Β͡ィ ウ ͡ Α͡ケ リ ͡ わ∠ ∇ルほ∠ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ゥヲ⊥ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱぁゲヨ⊥ Α∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギバ∠ ∇ダΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ゅ∠ョ :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅｚャま͡ る͡ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ほ∃ヤ∠ョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヮ͡ も͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇シぺ∠ ウ ͡ ら∠ ∇ホほ∠よ͡ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ヤプ⊥ リ ⊥ ∇よ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ⊥ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨⊥るん∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ヴ∠ヰわ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヴｚヨジ ∠ Α⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヶ͡わャｚや

ぺ∠ゲ∠ ホ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ :ユ∂ヤシヱ ヮΒヤハ ぶや ヴヤダ͡ヰヤャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ ｚわヘ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ び͡ヅゅ∠Βガ ͡ ∇ャや ユあ シ ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ イ ∠ ∇ャや ア ∠ ヤ͡Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ぶ ⊥ や: やヲ⊥らわ⊥ ∇ミや ヮ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヶ͡プ リ ∃ Βあイシ ͡ ヶ͡プ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ∩ヴ∠ヤ∇ヘジ ぁ ャや ゥ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇トわ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ェ ⊥ ヱ⊥ケ ゅ⇔ェ∇ゲ∠デ ｚユを⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ホ∠

￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲｚ カ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ほ∠ム∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョ∠ ヴ͡プ ウ ⊥ Αあゲャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ン͡ヲ∇ヰゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βｚトャや ヮ⊥ ヘ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ガわ∠ プ∠ び∃ペΒ͡エシ ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠ジヤ͡∇イΒ⊥ プ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ムヤ∠ョ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ ジ ∠ィ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ェ ⊥ ヱ⊥ケ キ⊥ ゅ∠バわ⊥ プ∠ ∩ヵ͡ケ∇キぺ∠ ゅャ∠ ∇ロゅ∠ワ ∇ロゅ∠ワ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨∠マよぁ ケ∠ ∇リョ∠ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヵ͡ケ∇キぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇ロゅ∠ワ ∇ロゅ∠ワ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨∠マレ⊥ Α͡キ ゅ∠ョ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ゑ ∠ バ͡ よ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚや モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや や∠グワ∠ ゅ∠ョ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ キ∃ ゅ∠レョ⊥ ヵ͡キゅ∠レΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩ヵ͡ケ∇キぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇ロゅ∠ワ ∇ロゅ∠ワ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥セゲ͡ ∇プほ∠プ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ゆ ∠ グ∠ ミ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ :͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ワゲあ ェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔よゅ∠よ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ やヲ⊥エわ∠ ∇プや∠ヱ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ブ ∠ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇らホ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ⊥ Β͡ツΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰョ͡ ヲ⊥ヨシ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ゆゅ∠Βんあ ャや ウ ⊥ Β͡らホ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇ィヲ∠ ∇ャや ウ ⊥ Β͡らホ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮハ ⊥ ゅ∠ヤ∇ッぺ∠ や∠グワ∠ ∩∠ポぼ⊥ ヲ⊥ジΑ∠ ヵ͡グャｚゅ͡よ ∇ゲゼ ͡ ∇よぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ウΑあゲャや リ ⊥ わ͡ ∇レョ⊥

∩∠ろ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚや マ ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨あゲゼ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ￢⊥ ヶ͡イΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ィヲ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ヰ⊥ ∇ィヲ∠ プ∠ «る∠ハゅｚジャや ユ͡ ボ͡ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ゆ あ ケ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ゑΒ͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや (And when t he disbelieving person is reaching t he end of his t erm in t he world and t he beginning of his t erm in t he Hereaft er, t here will descend ont o him from heaven angels wit h dark faces. They will bring wit h t hem Musuh, and will sit as far from him as t he sight reaches. Then t he angel of deat h will come forward and sit right next t o his head, saying, "O impure, evil soul! Depart (your body) t o t he anger of Allah and a wrat h from Him.'' The soul will scat t er t hroughout his body, and t he angel of deat h will seize it as when t he t horny branch is removed from wet wool. The angel of deat h will seize t he soul, and when he does, t hey (t he group of angels) will not let it st ay in his hand for more t han an inst ance, and t hey will wrap it in t he Musuh. The most put rid smell a dead corpse can ever have on eart h will emit from t he soul, and t he angels will ascend wit h it . Whenever t hey pass by a group of angels, t hey will ask, "Whose is t his evil soul'' The angels will respond, "He is such person son of such person,'' -calling him by t he worst names he was known by in t he world. When t hey reach t he lowest heaven, t hey will request t hat it s door be opened for him, and t heir request will be denied. "For t hem t he gat es of heaven will not be opened, and t hey will not ent er Paradise unt il t he camel goes t hrough t he eye of t he needle.'' ぴ7:40び Allah will declare, "List his record in Sij j in in t he lowest eart h.'' The wicked soul will t hen be t hrown ぴfrom heavenび. "And whoever assigns part ners t o Allah, it is as if he had fallen from t he sky, and t he birds had snat ched him, or t he wind had t hrown him t o a far off place.''ぴ22:31び His soul will be ret urned t o his body, and t wo angels will come t o him, sit him up and ask him, "Who is your Lord'' He will say, "Oh, oh! I do not know.'' They will ask him, "What is your religion'', and he will say, "Oh, oh! I do not know.'' They will ask him, "What do you say about t his man (Prophet Muhammad) who was sent t o you'' He will say, "Oh, oh, I do not know!'' A caller (Allah) will herald from heaven, "My servant has lied, so furnish him wit h t he Fire and open a door for him t o t he Fire.'' He will find it s heat and fierce hot wind. And his grave will be reduced in size, unt il his bones crush each ot her. Then, a man wit h a dreadful face, wearing dreadful clot hes and wit h a disgust ing smell emit t ing from him will come t o him, saying, "Receive t he glad t idings wit h t hat which will displease you! This is t he Day t hat you have been promised.'' He will ask t hat man, "And who are you, for yours is t he face t hat brings about evil'' He will say, "I am your evil work.'' He will t herefore cry, "O, my Lord! Do not commence t he Hour!'') Abu Dawud and Ibn Maj ah collect ed t his Hadit h. In his Musnad, Imam ` Abd bin Humayd recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴｚャヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ロゲ͡ ∇らホ∠ ヶ͡プ ノ∠ ッ ͡ ヱ⊥ や∠クま͡ ギ∠ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» ラ ͡ ゅ∠ムヤ∠ョ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠バル͡ ネ ∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮよ⊥ ゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ や∠グワ∠ ヶ͡プ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ や∠ギバ͡ ∇ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇セぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨͡モィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや

ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルや :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩⊥ヮャ⊥ヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ ぶ ͡ や⊥ギ∇らハ ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ や⇔ギ∠バ∇ボ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ や マ ∠ ャ∠ギ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ポ ∠ ギ͡ バ∠ ∇ボョ∠ «るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや (Verily, when t he servant is placed in his grave and his friends (or family) depart , as he hears t he sound of t heir shoes, t wo angels will come t o him. They will sit him up and ask him, ` What do you say about t his man (Muhammad)' As for t he believer, he will say, ` I bear wit ness t hat He is Allah's servant and Messenger.' He will be t old, ` Look at your seat in t he Fire, Allah has replaced it for you wit h a seat in Paradise.') The Prophet said next ,

«ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ や∠ゲΒ∠ プ∠ » (So he will see bot h seat s. ) Qat adah added, "We were t old t hat his grave will be enlarged up t o sevent y forearms lengt h and will be filled wit h greenery for him unt il t he Day of Judgement .'' Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h also from ` Abd bin Humayd, while An-Nasa'i collect ed it from Yunus bin Muhammad bin Al-Mu'addah. Al-Hafiz Abu ` Isa At -Tirmidhi, may Allah grant him mercy, recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ラ ͡ ゅ∠ムヤ∠ョ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠ゎぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ ろ ⊥ あΒヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ら͡ ホ⊥ や∠クま͡» ゲ͡ カ ∠ べ∇ャや∠ヱ ∀ゲ∠ム∇レョ⊥ ゅ∠ヨワ͡ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ∩͡ラゅ∠ホケ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ラ ͡ や∠キヲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ∨͡モィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや や∠グワ∠ ヶ͡プ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ :ラ ͡ ゅ∠ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∀ゲΒ͡ムル∠ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇セぺ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ⊥ヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ ぶ ͡ や⊥ギ∇らハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇らハ ∠ や⇔ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩や∠グワ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ :ラ ͡ ゅ∠ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ケ⊥ ｚヲレ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡バ∇らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ⇔ハや∠ケク͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ∇らシ ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇らホ∠ ヶ͡プ ヶ͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ノ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユル∠ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡ヮΒ͡プ ゅ∠ャ ヵ͡グャｚや サ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲバ∠ ∇ャや る∠ ョ∠ ∇ヲル∠ ∇ユル∠ :ラ ͡ ゅ∠ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ら͡ ∇カほ⊥プ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ん∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ょ ぁ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ホ͡ ヲ⊥Α

ろ ⊥ ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔ボプ͡ ゅ∠レョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠マャ͡ク∠ ヮ͡ バ͡ イ ∠ ∇ツョ∠ ∇ギホ∠ :ラ ͡ ゅャ∠ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ヵ͡ケ∇キぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ヶ͡ヨゃ͡ わ∠ ∇ャや :チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ヤャ͡ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩や∠グワ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ メ ⊥ や∠ゴΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩⊥ヮハ ⊥ ゅ∠ヤ∇ッぺ∠ ブ ∠ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ⊥ ゃ͡ わ∠ ∇ヤわ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ «マ͡ャク∠ ヮ͡ バ͡ イ ∠ ∇ツョ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ん∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ⇔よグｚ バ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (When t he dead - or one of you - is buried, t wo dark and blue angels will come t o him; one is called ` Munkir' and t he ot her is called ` Nakir'. They will ask him, ` What did you say about t his man (Muhammad)' He will reply, ` What he used t o say, t hat he is Allah's servant and Messenger. I bear wit ness t hat t here is no t rue deit y except Allah and t hat Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.' They will say, ` We know t hat you used t o say t hat ,' and his grave will be made larger for him t o sevent y forearms lengt h by sevent y forearms lengt h and will be filled wit h light for him. He will be t old, ` Sleep,' but he will reply, ` Let me go back t o my family in order t hat I t ell t hem.' They will say, ` Sleep, j ust like t he bridegroom who is awakened by t he dearest of his family, unt il Allah resurrect s him from t hat sleep.' If he was a hypocrit e, his answer will be, ` I do not know! I heard people say somet hing, so I used t o repeat what t hey were saying.' They will say, ` We know t hat you used t o say t hat .' The eart h will be commanded, ` Come closer all around him,' and it will come closer t o him unt il his ribs cross each ot her. He will remain in t his t orment , unt il Allah resurrect s him from his sleep.) At Tirmidhi said, "This Hadit h is Hasan, Gharib.'' Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヴ͡プ ろ ͡ よ͡ ゅｚんャや メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ろ ⊥ あらん∠ Α⊥ ぴ び͡りゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや (Allah will keep firm t hose who believe, wit h t he word t hat st ands firm in t his world, and in t he Hereaft er.)

∩∠マレ⊥ Α͡キ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩∠マよぁ ケ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゲ͡ ∇らボ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∩⊥ュゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや ヶ͡レΑ͡キヱ∠ ∩⊥ぶや ヶ ∠ よあ ケ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨∠マΒぁ ら͡ ル∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇レョ∠ べ∠プ ∩͡ぶや ギ͡ ∇レハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ れ ͡ ゅ∠レΒあ ら∠ ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠ル￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ ヶあΒら͡ ル∠ ヱ∠

や∠グワ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∩∠ろ∇ホ∠ギ∠タ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩⊥ろ∇ホギｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ «ゑ∠バ∇らゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ｚろョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ろ∇ゼハ ͡ (When he will be asked in t he grave, ` Who is your Lord What is your religion Who is your Prophet ' He will reply, ` Allah is my Lord, Islam is my religion and Muhammad is my Prophet who brought t he clear proofs from Allah. I believed in him and had fait h in him.' He will be t old, ` You have said t he t rut h; you have lived on t his, died on it and will be resurrect ed on it .') Ibn Jarir At -Tabari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,

ペ ∠ ∇ヘカ ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ∠ ろ ∠ Βあ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» ゅ⇔レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩∠リΑ͡ゲよ͡ ∇ギョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁャヲ∠ ゎ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠バル͡ ヮ͡ レ͡ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ∇リハ ∠ り⊥ ゅ∠ミゴｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ シ ͡ ∇ぺケ∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ろ ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ミ リ ∠ ョ͡ れ ͡ や∠ゲ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇バプ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ロ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ジΑ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ュ⊥ ∇ヲダ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ジ∇ェみ͡∇ャやヱ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ る͡ ヤ∠ダ あ ャや∠ヱ る͡ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボわ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ヮシ ͡ ∇ぺケ∠ モ ͡ ら∠ ホ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠∇ィケ͡ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボわ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ レ͡ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩∀モカ ∠ ∇ギョ∠ ヶ͡ヤら∠ ホ͡ ゅ∠ョ :り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ロ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ジΑ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩∀モカ ∠ ∇ギョ∠ ヶ͡ヤ∠ら͡ホ ゅ∠ョ :り⊥ ゅ∠ミゴｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠∇ィケ͡ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩∀モカ ∠ ∇ギョ∠ ヶ͡ヤ∠ら͡ホ ゅ∠ョ :ュ⊥ ゅ∠Βダ あ ャや :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩∀モカ ∠ ∇ギョ∠ ヶ͡ヤら∠ ホ͡ ゅ∠ョ : れ ͡ や∠ゲ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇バプ͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ろル∠ キ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろヤ∠ん⊥ ョ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ザ ⊥ ヤ͡∇イΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ザヤ͡∇ィや :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∠マャ⊥∠ほ∇ジ∠ル ゅｚヨハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲら͡ ∇カぺ∠ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ゆヱ⊥ゲピ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ∩⊥モバ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ シ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚま͡ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩∠ヶあヤタ ∠ ぺ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヶ͡レ∇ハキ∠ ∨ヶ͡ルヲ⊥ャ∠ほ∇ジ∠ゎ ユｚ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∠マャ⊥ほ∠∇ジル∠ ゅｚヨ∠ハ ゅ∠ル∇ゲら͡ ∇カほ∠プ∠

や∠クゅ∠ョ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヵ͡グャｚや モ ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや や∠グワ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∨∀ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ や∠クゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ヮｚルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇セぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩⊥ロゅ∠レ∇ホギｚ ダ ∠ プ∠ ぶ ͡ や ギ͡ ∇レハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ れ ͡ ゅ∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠ル￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ｚろョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ろ ∠ Β͡Βェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔ハや∠ケク͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ∇らシ ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇らホ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥ぶや ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ∇ラま͡ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∀ゆゅ∠よ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮΒ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ケ⊥ ｚヲレ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ ト ∠ ∇らビ ͡ キ⊥ や∠キ∇ゴΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ マ ∠ ャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルや ∩͡ょΒあ ト ｚ ャや ユ͡ ジ ∠ レｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ ジ ∠ ル∠ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ユｚ を⊥ ∩や⇔ケヱ⊥ゲシ ⊥ ヱ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠バΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ イ ∠ゼ ∠ よ͡ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇バゎ∠ ∀ゲ∇ツカ ⊥ ∀ゲ∇Β∠デ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ «ゆや∠ゲわぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ￢∠ ン͡ギよ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ギ⊥ ジ ∠イ ∠ ∇ャや (By He Who owns my life! The dead person hears t he sound of your slippers (or shoes) when you depart and leave him. If he is a believer, t he prayer will st and by his head, Zakah t o his right and t he fast by his left ; t he right eous deeds, such as charit y, keeping relat ions wit h kit h and kin and act s of kindness t o people will st and by his feet . He will be approached from his head, and t he prayer will declare, ` No ent rance from my side.' He will be approached from his right , and Zakah will declare, ` There is no ent rance from my side.' He will be approached from his left , and t he fast will declare, ` There is no ent rance from my side.' He will be approached from his feet , and t he act s of right eousness will declare, ` There is no ent rance from our side.' He will be commanded t o sit up, and he will sit up while t he sun appears t o him j ust like when it is about t o set . He will be t old, ` Tell us about what we are going t o ask you.' He will say, ` Leave me unt il I pray.' He will be t old, ` You will pray, but first t ell us what we want t o know.' He will ask, ` What are your quest ions' He will be t old, ` This man who was sent among you, what do you say about him and what is your t est imony about him' He will ask, ` Muhammad' He will be answered in t he posit ive and he will reply, ` I bear wit ness t hat he is t he Messenger of Allah and t hat he has brought us t he proofs from our Lord. We believed in him.' He will be t old, ` This is t he way you lived and died and Allah willing, you will be resurrect ed on it .' His grave will be made wider for him sevent y forearms lengt h, and it will be filled wit h light . A door will also be opened for him t o Paradise. He will be t old, ` Look at what Allah has prepared for you in it .' He will increase in j oy and delight and t hen his soul will be placed wit h t he pure souls, inside green birds eat ing from t he t rees of Paradise. The body will be ret urned t o it s origin, dust . So Allah said, o

ヴ͡プ ろ ͡ よ͡ ゅｚんャや メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ろ ⊥ あらん∠ Α⊥ ぴ び͡りゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや (Allah will keep firm t hose who believe, wit h t he word t hat st ands firm in t his world, and in t he Hereaft er.)) Ibn Hibban collect ed t his Hadit h, and his narrat ion added t he disbeliever's answer and his t orment . ` Abdur-Razzaq recor- ded t hat Tawus said,

ヴ͡プ ろ ͡ よ͡ ゅｚんャや メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ろ ⊥ あらん∠ Α⊥ ぴ びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや (Allah will keep firm t hose who believe, wit h t he word t hat st ands firm in t his world,) is in reference t o La ilaha ilallah, while,

び͡りゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヶ͡プヱ∠ ぴ (and in t he Hereaft er) is in reference t o t he quest ioning in t he grave. Qat adah comment ed, "As for t his life, Allah will make t hem firm on t he way of right eous- ness and good deeds,

び͡りゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヶ͡プヱ∠ ぴ (and in t he Hereaft er.) in t he grave.'' Several ot hers among t he Salaf said t he same.

∇やヲぁヤェ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャギｚ よ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ル∇ヲ∠ヤ∇ダ∠Α ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ - ケ͡ や∠ヲら∠ ∇ャや ケ∠ や∠キ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヲぁヤツ ͡ Β⊥ ャあ や⇔キや∠ギル∠ぺ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ - ケ⊥ や∠ゲボ∠ ∇ャや び ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ Β͡ダョ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ (28. Have you not seen t hose who have changed t he blessings of Allah int o disbelief (by denying Prophet Muhammad and his Message of Islam), and caused t heir people t o dwell in t he house of dest ruct ion) (29. Hell, in which t hey will burn, - and what an evil place t o set t le in!) (30. And t hey set up rivals t o Allah, t o mislead (men) from His pat h! Say: "Enj oy (your brief life)! But cert ainly, your dest inat ion is t he (Hell) Fire!'')

The Recompense of Those Who have changed the Blessings of Allah into Disbelief

Al-Bukhari said, "Allah's st at ement ,

びや⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャギｚ よ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ Have you not seen t hose who have changed t he blessings of Alla0h int o disbelief..., means, do you have knowledge in. Alla0h said in ot her Aya0t ,

び∠ブ∇Βミ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Saw you not how.) and,

び∇やヲ⊥ィゲ∠ カ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Did you not t hink of t hose who went fort h.)

び⇔やケヲ⊥よ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ぴ (A lost people) ぴ25:18び Ali bin ` Abdullah narrat ed t hat Sufyan said t hat ` Amr said t hat ` At a said t hat he heard Ibn ` Abbas saying t hat ,

びや⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャギｚ よ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ "(Have you not seen t hose who have changed t he blessings of Allah int o disbelief), is in reference t o t he people of Makkah.'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu At -Tufayl said t hat Ibn AlKawwa' asked ` Ali about Allah's st at ement ,

ケ∠ や∠キ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲぁヤェ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャギｚ よ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ び͡ケや∠ヲら∠ ∇ャや (t hose who have changed t he blessings of Allah int o disbelief, and caused t heir people t o dwell in t he house of dest ruct ion) and ` Ali said t hat it refers t o t he disbelievers of Quraysh on t he day of Badr. He also said t hat t he blessing of Allah was fait h t hat came t o t he polyt heist s of Quraysh, and t hey changed t his blessing int o disbelief and led t heir people t o ut t er dest ruct ion. This includes all disbelievers, for Allah sent Muhammad as a mercy and a blessing t o all mankind. Those who accept ed t his blessing and were t hankful for it , will ent er Paradise, while t hose who denied it and disbelieved in it , will ent er t he Fire. Allah said next ,

び͡ヮ͡ヤΒ͡ら∠シ リ∠ハ ∇やヲぁヤ͡ツΒ⊥ ャあ や⇔キや∠ギル∠ぺ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∠ィ∠ヱぴ

(And t hey set up rivals t o Allah, t o mislead from His pat h!) meaning, t hey set up part ners t o Allah whom t hey worship besides Him and called t he people t o worship t hem. Allah t hreat ened t hem and warned t hem by t he words of His Prophet ,

び͡ケゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ Β͡ダョ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Enj oy (your brief life)! But cert ainly, your dest inat ion is t he (Hell) Fire!'') ` What ever you are able t o do in t his life, t hen do it , for no mat t er what will happen,

び͡ケゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ Β͡ダョ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (But cert ainly, your dest inat ion is t he (Hell) Fire!) for t o Us will be your dest inat ion and end.' Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

びナ ∃ Β͡ヤビ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲぁ ト ∠ ∇ツル∠ ｚユを⊥ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ あわヨ∠ ル⊥ ぴ (We let t hem enj oy for a lit t le while, t hen in t he end We shall force t hem t o (ent er) a great t orment .)ぴ31:24び and,

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ボ⊥ Α͡グル⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ギ∠ Α͡ギゼ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ((A brief) enj oyment in t his world! And t hen unt o Us will be t heir ret urn, t hen We shall make t hem t ast e t he severest t orment because t hey used t o disbelieve.)ぴ10:70び

∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇レΑ⊥ ヱ∠ り∠ Κ ∠ダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ャあ モ⊥ホぴ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リあョ る⇔ Β∠ ル͡ Κハ ∠ ヱ∠ や６ゲシ ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ び ∀モ⇒∠ヤ͡カ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∀ノ∇Β∠よ Ι ｚ (31. Say t o My servant s who have believed, t hat t hey should perform t he Salah, and spend (in charit y) out of t he sust enance We have given t hem, secret ly and openly, before t he coming of a Day on which t here will be neit her mut ual bargaining nor befriending.)

The Command for Prayer and Charity Allah orders His servant s t o obey Him, fulfill His right s and be kind t o His creat ures. He ordained t he prayer, which affirms t he worship of Allah alone, wit hout part ners, and t o spend from t he provisions t hat He has grant ed t hem, by paying t he due Zakah, spending on relat ives and being kind t o all ot hers. Est ablishing t he prayer requires performing it on t ime, perfect ly,

preserving it s act of bowing having humilit y during it , and preserving it s prost rat ions. Allah has ordained spending from what He grant ed, in secret and public, so t hat t he people save t hemselves,

び∀ュ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リあョぴ (before t he coming of a Day), t he Day of Resurrect ion,

び∀モ⇒∠ヤカ ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∀ノ∇Β∠よ Ι ｚぴ (on which t here will be neit her mut ual bargaining nor befriending.) on which no ransom will be accept ed from anyone, if he seeks t o buy himself. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀る∠Α∇ギプ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ グ⊥ カ ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プぴ (So t his Day no ransom shall be t aken from you, nor of t hose who disbelieved.) ぴ57:15び Allah said here,

び∀モ⇒∠ヤカ ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor befriending.) Ibn Jarir comment ed, "Allah says t hat on t hat Day, t here will be no friendship bet ween friends t hat might save t hose deserving punishment from it . Rat her, on t hat Day, t here will be fairness and j ust ice.'' Qat adah said, "Allah knows t hat in t his life, t here is mut ual bargaining and t here are friendships which people benefit from. A man chooses his friends and t he reasons behind befriending t hem; if it was for Allah's sake, t heir friendship should be maint ained, but if it was for ot her t han Allah, t heir friendship is bound t o be cut off.'' I say t hat t he meaning of t his, is t hat Allah t he Exalt ed is declaring t hat on t hat Day, no mut ual bargaining or ransom will avail anyone, even if he ransoms himself wit h t he eart h's fill of gold if he could find t hat amount ! No friendship or int ercession shall avail one if he meet s Allah while a disbeliever. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘルｚ リ∠ハ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ン͡ゴ∇イゎ∠ Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀る∠バ⇒∠ヘ∠セ ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀メ∇ギ∠ハ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ モ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α (And fear t he Day when no person shall avail anot her, nor shall compensat ion be accept ed from him, nor shall int ercession be of use t o him, nor shall t hey be helped.)ぴ2:123び and,

モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ム⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ∀る∠バ⇒∠ヘ∠セ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀るヤｚカ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∀ノ∇Β∠よ Ι ｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや∠ヱ (O you believe! Spend of t hat wit h which We have provided for you, before a Day comes when t here will be no bargaining, nor friendship, nor int ercession. And it is t he disbelievers who are t he wrongdoers.)ぴ2:254び

リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ れ ͡ や∠ゲヨ∠ んｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カほ∠プ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ン ∠ ゲ͡ ∇イわ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ゲｚガシ ∠ ヱ∠ - ゲ∠ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΕ ∠ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ ヱ∠ あモミ⊥ リあョ ユ⊥ミゅ∠ゎへ∠ヱ - ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β∠らも͡ へ∠キ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ダ∇エゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱぁギバ⊥ ∠ゎ ラ͡まヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ び ∀ケゅｚヘ∠ミ ∀ュヲ⊥ヤ∠ヌ∠ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ジ∇ルΗや (32. Allah is He Who has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h and sends down wat er (rain) from t he sky, and t hereby brought fort h fruit s as provision for you; and He has made t he ships t o be of service t o you, t hat t hey may sail t hrough t he sea by His command; and He has made rivers (also) t o be of service t o you.) (33. And He has made t he sun and t he moon, bot h const ant ly pursuing t heir courses, t o be of service t o you; and He has made t he night and t he day t o be of service t o you.) (34. And He gave you of all t hat you asked for, and if you ぴt ry t oび count t he blessings of Allah, never will you be able t o count t hem. Verily, man is indeed an ext reme wrongdoer, ungrat eful.)

Describing Some of Allah's Tremendous Favors Allah ment ions some of t he favors He has done for His creat ures, such as creat ing t he heavens as a prot ect ive ceiling and t he eart h as a bed. He also sends down rain from t he sky and, in it s aft ermat h brings fort h a variet y of veget at ion, fruit s and plant s of different colors, shapes, t ast es, scent s and uses. Allah also made t he ships sail on t he surface of t he wat er by His command and He made t he sea able t o carry t hese ships in order t hat t ravelers can t ransfer from one area t o anot her t o t ransport goods. Allah also creat ed t he rivers t hat flow t hrough t he

eart h from one area t o anot her as provision for t he servant s which t hey use t o drink and irrigat e, and for ot her benefit s,

び∠リΒ∠らも͡ へ∠キ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ゲｚガシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He has made t he sun and t he moon, bot h const ant ly pursuing t heir courses), rot at ing by night and by day,

モ ⊥ ∇Βｚャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ャや ポ ∠ ケ͡ ∇ギゎ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ヰャ∠ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや Ι ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エら∠ ∇ジΑ∠ マ ∃ ヤ∠プ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ペ ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠シ (It is not for t he sun t o overt ake t he moon, nor does t he night out st rip t he day. They all float , each in an orbit .)ぴ36:40び and,

ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゅ⇔んΒ͡んェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ヤ⊥∇トΑ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ヴ͡ゼ∇ピΑ⊥ ぴ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ペ ⊥ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ れ ∃ ゲ∠ ガ ｚジ ∠ ョ⊥ ュ∠ ヲ⊥イレぁ ャや∠ヱ び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ (He brings t he night as a cover over t he day, seeking it rapidly, and (He creat ed) t he sun, t he moon, t he st ars subj ect ed t o His command. His is t he creat ion and commandment . Blessed is Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s!) ぴ7:54び The sun and t he moon rot at e in succession, and t he night and t he day are opposit es, each t aking from t he lengt h of t he ot her or giving up some of it s lengt h,

び͡モ∇Βャｚや ヴ͡プ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ア ⊥ ャ͡ヲ⊥Αヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ヴ͡プ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ア ⊥ ャ͡ヲ⊥Αぴ ((Allah ) merges t he night int o day, and merges t he day int o night .) ぴ35:13び and,

モ ∃ ⇒∠ィΙ ６ ン͡ゲ∇イΑ∠ モ ｘ ⇒⊥ミ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ⇒ｚガシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ケゅｚヘピ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι∠ぺ ヴ６ヨ⇒∠ジョぁ (And He has subj ect ed t he sun and t he moon. Each running (on a fixed course) for an appoint ed t erm. Verily, He is t he Almight y, t he Oft -Forgiving.) ぴ39:5び Allah said next ,

び⊥ロヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ あモミ⊥ リあョ ユ⊥ミゅ∠ゎへ∠ヱぴ

(And He gave you of all t hat you asked for), He has prepared for you all t hat you need in all condit ions, and what you ask Him t o provide for you,

びゅ∠ワヲ⊥ダ∇エゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱぁギバ⊥ ∠ゎ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (and if you ぴt ry t oび count t he blessings of Allah, never will you be able t o count t hem.) Allah st at es t hat t he servant s are never able t o count His blessings, let alone t hank Him duly for t hem. In Sahih Al-Bukhari it is recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o supplicat e;

ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ネ ∃ キｚ ヲ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヶ ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ムョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» «ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ⇔レ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ (O Allah ! All praise is due t o You, wit hout being able t o sufficient ly t hank You, nor ever wish t o be cut off from You, nor ever feeling rich from relying on You; our Lord!) It was report ed t hat Prophet Dawud, peace be upon him, used t o say in his supplicat ion, "O Lord! How can I ever duly t hank You, when my t hanking You is also a favor from You t o me'' Allah t he Exalt ed answered him, "Now, you have t hanked Me sufficient ly, O Dawud,'' meaning, ` when you admit t ed t hat you will never be able t o duly t hank Me.'

ゅ⇔レョ͡ へ ギ∠ ヤ∠ら∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィや ゆ あ ケ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ルｚ ͡ま ゆ あ ケ∠ - ュ∠ ゅ∠レ∇タΙ ｘ や ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇バルｚ ラ∠ぺ ヴ ｚ レ͡ よ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レ∇らレ⊥ ∇ィや∠ヱ ヴあレョ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ヴ͡レバ∠ ら͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ リ ∠ ∇ヤヤ∠∇ッぺ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ マ ∠ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ヴ͡ルゅ∠ダハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ (35. And (remember) when Ibrahim said: "O my Lord! Make t his cit y (Makkah) one of peace and securit y, and keep me and my sons away from worshipping idols.) (36. "O my Lord! They have indeed led ast ray many among mankind. But whoso follows me, he verily, is of me. And whoso disobeys me, st ill You are indeed Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

Ibrahim's Supplication to Allah when He brought Isma` il to Makkah Allah ment ions here, while bringing fort h more evidences against Arab polyt heist s, t hat t he Sacred House in Makkah was est ablished on t he worship of Allah alone, wit hout part ners. He also st at es t hat Ibrahim, who est ablsihed t he cit y, has disowned t hose who worship ot hers besides Allah, and t hat he begged Allah t o make Makkah peaceful and secure,

びゅ⇔レョ͡ へ ギ∠ ヤ∠ら∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィや ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ

(O my Lord! Make t his cit y (Makkah) of peace and securit y,) and Allah accept ed his supplicat ion. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

び⇔ゅレ͡ョや￢ ゅ⇔ョ∠ゲェ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Have t hey not seen t hat We have made (Makkah) a secure sanct uary.) ぴ29:67び and,

ゅ⇔ミ∠ケゅ∠らョ⊥ る∠ ムｚ ら∠ よ͡ ン͡グヤｚャ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ノ∠ ッ ͡ ヱ⊥ ろ ∃ ∇Βよ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ボョｚ ∀ろ⇒∠レ⇒あΒ∠よ ∀ろ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヮ͡ Β͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ び⇔ゅレ͡ョや∠￢ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ ∠ キ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ (Verily, t he first House (of worship) appoint ed for mankind was t hat at Bakkah (Makkah), full of blessing, and a guidance for Al-'Alamin. In it are manifest signs, t he Maqam of Ibrahim; whosoever ent ers it , he at t ains securit y.)ぴ3:96び Allah said here t hat Ibrahim supplicat ed,

びゅレ⇔ ョ͡ へ ギ∠ ヤ∠ら∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィや ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ (O my Lord! Make t his cit y (Makkah) a of peace and securit y, ) saying, "t his cit y'', aft er he est ablished it , and t his is why he said aft erwards,

モ ∠ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ ゲ͡ ら∠ ム͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ͡ャ ょ ∠ ワ∠ ヱ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ び∠ペ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ヱ∠ (All praise is due t o Allah, Who has given me in old age Isma` il and Ishaq.) ぴ14:39び It is wellknown t hat Isma` il was t hirt een years older t han Ishaq. When Ibrahim t ook Isma` il and his mot her t o Makkah, while Isma` il was st ill young enough t o nurse, he supplicat ed t o Allah,

びゅ⇔レョ͡ へ や⇔ギ∠ヤ∠よ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィや ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ (O my Lord! Make t his cit y (Makkah) a place of peace and securit y.) ぴ2:126び as we in explained in Surat Al-Baqarah. Ibrahim t hen said,

び∠ュゅ∠レ∇タΙ ｘ や ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇バルｚ ラ∠ぺ ヴ ｚ レ͡ よ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レ∇らレ⊥ ∇ィや∠ヱぴ (and keep me and my sons away from worshipping idols.) It is proper for whoever supplicat es t o Allah t o also ask for t he benefit of his parent s and offspring, as well as himself. Ibrahim next ment ioned t hat many among mankind were led ast ray because of idols, and he disowned t hose who worship t hem and referred t heir mat t er t o Allah; if Allah wills, He will punish t hem, and if He wills, He will forgive t hem. ` Isa, peace be upon him, said similar words,

マ ∠ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ポ ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇よグあ バ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ (If You punish t hem, t hey are Your servant s, and if You forgive t hem, verily, You, only You are t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.)ぴ5:118び This supplicat ion refers t his and all mat t ers t o Allah, not t hat it is act ually going t o happen. ` Abdullah bin ` Amr narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah recit ed Ibrahim's supplicat ion,

び͡サゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ リ ∠ ∇ヤヤ∠∇ッぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ルｚ ͡ま ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ (O my Lord! They have indeed led ast ray many among mankind.), and t he supplicat ion of ` Isa,

び∠ポキ⊥ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇よグあ バ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まぴ (If You punish t hem, t hey are Your servant s.) ぴ5:118び t hen raised his hands and said,

«ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» (O Allah, Save my Ummah! O, Allah, Save my Ummah! O, Allah, Save my Ummah!) and cried. Allah said t o t he angel Jibril, "O Jibril, go t o Muhammad, and Your Lord has more knowledge, and ask him what makes him cry.'' Jibril came t o t he Prophet and asked him, and he repeat ed t o him what he said (in his supplicat ion). Allah said, "Go t o Muhammad and t ell him t his; ` We will make you pleased wit h your Ummah, O Muhammad, and will not t reat t hem in a way you dislike.'''

ン͡ク ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ キ∃ や∠ヲよ͡ ヴ͡わΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ リ͡ョ ろ ⊥ レ∠ム∇シぺ∠ ヴｚルま͡ べ∠レよｚ ケｚ ぴ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΒ⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ュ͡ ゲｚ エ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ わ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ネ ∃ ∇ケコ∠ リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ホコ⊥ ∇ケや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン͡ヲ∇ヰ∠ゎ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョｚ り⇔ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ んｚ ャや (37. "O our Lord! I have made some of my of fspring dwell in an uncult ivable valley by Your Sacred House in order, O our Lord, t hat t hey may perform Salah. So fill some heart s among men wit h love t owards t hem, and (O Allah) provide t hem wit h fruit s so t hat t hey may give t hanks.) This Ayah indicat es t hat t his was different supplicat ion t han t he first one t hat Ibrahim said when he left Haj ar and her son Isma` il in Makkah, before t he Sacred House was built . This prayer, it appears, was said aft er t he House was built , begging Allah and seeking His favor, and He is t he Exalt ed and Most Honored. Ibrahim said here,

び͡ュゲｚ エ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ わ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハぴ (by Your Sacred House...) t hen he,

び∠りヲヤｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΒ⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (O our Lord, t hat t hey may perform Salah.) Ibn Jarir At -Tabari comment ed t hat t his, "Refers t o his earlier st at ement ,

び͡ュゲｚ エ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャやぴ (t he Sacred...),'' meaning, ` You have made t his House Sacred so t hat people est ablish t he prayer next t o it ,'

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン͡ヲ∇ヰゎ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョｚ り⇔ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プぴ (So fill some heart s among men wit h love t owards t hem,) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and Sa'id bin Jubayr said, "Had Ibrahim said, ` The heart s of mankind', Persians, Romans, t he Jews, t he Christ ians and all ot her people would have gat hered around it .'' However, Ibrahim said,

び͡サゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぴ (among men), t hus making it exclusive t o Muslims only. He said next ,

び͡れゲ∠ ヨ∠ んｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ホコ⊥ ∇ケや∠ヱぴ (and (O Allah) provide t hem wit h fruit s) in order t hat t hey may be helped in obeying You, and because t his is a barren valley; bring t o t hem fruit s t hat t hey might eat . Allah accept ed Ibrahim's supplicat ion,

れ ⊥ や∠ゲヨ∠ を∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ら∇イΑ⊥ ゅ⇔レ͡ョや∠￢ ゅ⇔ョ∠ゲェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ リあムヨ∠ ル⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びゅｚルギ⊥ ャｚ リあョ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケあ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ (Have We not est ablished for t hem a secure sanct uary (Makkah), t o which are brought fruit s of all kinds, a provision from Ourselves.) ぴ28:57び This only indicat es Allah's compassion, kindness, mercy and blessing, in t hat t here are no fruit producing t rees in t he Sacred Cit y, Makkah, yet all kinds of fruit s are being brought t o it from all around; t his is how Allah accept ed t he supplicat ion of t he Khalil - Allah's int imat e friend, Prophet Ibrahim, peace be upon him.

ヴ∠ヘ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ リ ⊥ ヤ͡∇バル⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ͡ヘ∇ガル⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ - ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠プ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∠ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ ゲ͡ ら∠ ム͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ͡ャ ょ ∠ ワ∠ ヱ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ィや ゆ あ ケ∠ - ￢͡ べ∠ハギぁ ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ∠ ャ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ヱ∠ - ￢͡ べ∠ハキ⊥ ∇モらｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ヴ͡わΑ∠ ケあ ク⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ り͡ ヲヤｚダャや ユ∠ Β͡ボョ⊥ ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ヱ∠ ン ｚ ギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲャ͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ びゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや (38. "O our Lord! Cert ainly, You know what we conceal and what we reveal. Not hing on t he eart h or in t he heaven is hidden from Allah.'') (39. "All praise is due t o Allah, Who has given me in old age Isma'il and Ishaq. Verily, my Lord is indeed t he All-Hearer of invocat ions.'') (40. "O my Lord! Make me one who performs Salah, and (also) from my offspring, our Lord! And accept my invocat ion.'') (41. "Our Lord! Forgive me and my parent s, and (all) t he believers on t he Day when t he reckoning will be est ablished.'') Ibn Jarir At -Tabari said, "Allah said t hat Ibrahim, His Khalil, said,

び⊥リヤ͡∇バル⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ͡ヘ∇ガル⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (O our Lord! Cert ainly, You know what we conceal and what we reveal.) meaning, ` You know t he int ent ion behind my supplicat ion for t he people of t his t own, seeking Your pleasure in sincerit y t o You. You know all t hings, apparent and hidden, and not hing escapes Your knowledge on t he eart h or in heaven.''' He next praised and t hanked his Lord t he Exalt ed and Most Honored for grant ing him offspring aft er he became old,

モ ∠ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ ゲ͡ ら∠ ム͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ͡ャ ょ ∠ ワ∠ ヱ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ び ￢͡ べ∠ハギぁ ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ∠ ャ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ヱ∠ (All praise is due t o Allah, Who has given me in old age Isma'il (Ishmael) and Ishaq (Isaac). Verily, my Lord is indeed t he All-Hearer of invocat ions.) ` He accept s t he supplicat ion of t hose who invoke Him, and has accept ed my invocat ion when I asked Him t o grant me offspring. ' Ibrahim said next ,

び͡りヲヤｚダャや ユ∠ Β͡ボョ⊥ ヴ͡レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ィや ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ (O my Lord! Make me one who performs Salah,), preserving it s obligat ions and limit s,

びヴ͡わΑ∠ ケあ ク⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (and (also) from my offspring,), make t hem among t hose who est ablish t he prayer, as well,

び͡￢べ∠ハキ⊥ ∇モらｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (our Lord! And accept my invocat ion.), all of my invocat ion which I invoked You wit h herein,

びｚンギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲャ͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! Forgive me and my parent s,) Ibrahim said t his before he declared himself innocent from his fat her, aft er he became sure t hat he was an enemy of Allah,

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t he believers), all of t hem,

び⊥ゆゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (on t he Day when t he reckoning will be est ablished.) on t he Day when You will reckon Your servant s and recompense or reward t hem for t heir deeds - good for good and evil for evil.

ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ Κ ⇔ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Β͡バト ͡ ∇ヰョ⊥ - ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よΕ ∠ や ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゾ ⊥ ガ ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ あカぽ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ⊥ ∇ゲデ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ギぁ ゎ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ シ ͡ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ヴ͡バ͡レ∇ボョ⊥ び ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠ワ (42. Consider not t hat Allah is unaware of t hat which t he wrongdoers do, but He gives t hem respit e up t o a Day when t he eyes will st are in horror.) (43. (They will be) hast ening forward wit h necks out st ret ched, t heir heads raised up (t owards t he sky), t heir gaze ret urning not t owards t hem and t heir heart s empt y.)

Allah gives Respite to the Disbelievers and is never unaware of what They do Allah says, ` O Muhammad, do not t hink t hat Allah is unaware of what t he unj ust disbelievers do. Do not t hink because Allah gave t hem respit e and delayed t heir punishment t hat He is

unaware or ignoring punishing t hem for what t hey do. Rat her, Allah keeps full account of t his for t hem and keeps it on record against t hem,

び⊥ゲ⇒∠ダ∇よΕ ∠ や ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゾ ⊥ ガ ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ あカぽ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (but He gives t hem respit e up t o a Day when t he eyes will st are in horror.) from t he horror of t he Day of Resurrect ion.' Allah next ment ions how t hey will all be raised up from t heir graves and hurriedly gat hered for t he Day of Gat hering,

び∠リΒ͡バト ͡ ∇ヰョ⊥ ぴ (hast ening forward), in a hurry. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

び͡ネやｚギャや ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ∠ Β͡バト ͡ ∇ヰョぁ ぴ (Hast ening t owards t he caller.) ぴ54:8び

び⊥ヮャ∠ ァ ∠ ヲ∠ ハ ͡ Ι ∠ ヴ ∠ハ ͡ やｚギャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t hat Day mankind will follow st rict ly Allah's caller, no crookedness will t hey show him.) ぴ20:108び unt il,

び͡ュヲぁΒボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ あエ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヲ⊥ ∇ャや ろ ͡ レ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And (all) faces shall be humbled before t he Ever Living, t he Sust ainer.) ぴ20:111び Allah said: anot her Ayah,

び⇔ゅハや∠ゲシ ͡ ゐ ͡ や∠ギ∇ィΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day when t hey will come out of t he graves quickly.) ぴ70:43び Allah said next ,

び∇ユヰ͡ シ ͡ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ヴ͡バ͡レ∇ボョ⊥ ぴ (wit h necks out st ret ched) meaning, raising t heir heads up, according t o Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and several ot hers. Allah said next ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ プ⊥ ∇ゲデ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ギぁ ゎ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (t heir gaze ret urning not t owards t hem) meaning, t heir eyes are st aring in confusion, t rying not t o blink because of t he horror and t remendous insight s t hey are experiencing, and fear of what is going t o st rike t hem, we seek refuge wit h Allah from t his end. This is why Allah said,

び∀￢へ∠ヲワ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and t heir heart s empt y.) meaning, t heir heart s are empt y due t o ext reme fear and fright . Qat adah and several ot hers said t hat t he places of t heir heart s are empt y t hen, because t he heart s will ascend t o t he t hroat s due t o ext reme fear. Allah said next t o His Messenger ,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グ∠バ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ケ͡ グ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ マ ∠ ゎ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ∇ょイ ͡ ルぁ ょ ∃ Α͡ゲホ∠ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠ル∇ゲカ あ ぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ モ ∠シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ノ͡ ら͡ わｚ ル∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ͡ ム͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ムシ ∠ ヱ∠ - メ ∃ や∠ヱコ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇よゲ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ムョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ムョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲム∠ ョ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ - メ ∠ ゅ∠ん∇ョΕ ∠や びメ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ メ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴわ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ムョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ (44. And warn mankind of t he Day when t he t orment will come unt o t hem; t hen t he wrongdoers will say: "Our Lord! Respit e us for a lit t le while, we will answer Your call and follow t he Messengers!'' (It will be said:) "Had you not sworn aforet ime t hat you would not leave (t he world for t he Hereaft er).'') (45. "And you dwelt in t he dwellings of men who wronged t hemselves, and it was clear t o you how We dealt wit h t hem. And We put fort h (many) parables for you.'') (46. Indeed, t hey planned t heir plot , and t heir plot was wit h Allah, t hough t heir plot was not such as t o remove t he mount ains from t heir places.)

There will be no Respite after the Coming of the Torment Allah ment ions what t hose who commit t ed inj ust ice against t hemselves will say when t hey wit ness t he t orment ,

ノ͡ ら͡ わｚ ル∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ゎ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ∇ょイ ͡ ルぁ ょ ∃ Α͡ゲホ∠ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠ル∇ゲカ あ ぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ び∠モシ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや (Our Lord! Respit e us for a lit t le while, we will answer Your call and follow t he Messengers!) Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

ラ ͡ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ケや ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ び (Unt il, when deat h comes t o one of t hem, he says: "My Lord! Send me back.'')ぴ23:99び and,

び∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヰ͡ ∇ヤゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O you who believe! Let not your propert ies divert you.) ぴ63:9-10び Allah described t he condit ion of t he wrongdoers on t he Day of Gat hering, when He said,

び∇ユヰ͡ シ ͡ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ジミ͡ ゅ∠ル ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ク͡ ま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And if you only could see when t he criminals shall hang t heir heads.) ぴ32:12び,

ぁキゲ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠レ∠わ∇Β∠ヤΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘホ͡ ヱ⊥ ∇クま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゆ ∠ グあ ム∠ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ (If you could but see when t hey will be held over t he Fire! They will say: "Would t hat we were but sent back (t o t he world)! Then we would not deny t he Ayat of Our Lord. ..''!) ぴ6:27び and,

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥カゲ͡ ト ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (Therein t hey will cry.) ぴ35:27び Allah refut ed t heir st at ement here,

び∃メや∠ヱコ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Had you not sworn aforet ime t hat you would not leave.) Allah says, ` Had you not vowed before, t hat your previous st at e will not change, t hat t here will be no Resurrect ion or Reckoning Therefore, t ast e t his t orment because of what you vowed before.' Muj ahid comment ed t hat ,

び∃メや∠ヱコ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (t hat you would not leave.) refers t o leaving t his worldly life t o t he Hereaft er. Allah also said,

リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ギ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥れヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ (And t hey swear by Allah wit h t heir st rongest oat hs, t hat Allah will not raise up him who dies.) ぴ16:38び Allah said next ,

リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ルぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ͡ ム͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ムシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びメ ∠ ゅ∠ん∇ョΕ ∠ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇よゲ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ (And you dwelt in t he dwellings of men who wronged t hemselves, and it was clear t o you how We had dealt wit h t hem. And We put fort h (many) parables for you.) Allah says, ` you have wit nessed or heard of t he news of what happened t o t he earlier disbelieving nat ions, but you did not draw a lesson from t heir end, nor did what We punished t hem wit h provide an example for you,'

び ケ⊥ グ⊥ ぁレャや ヴ⇒͡レ∇ピゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ る∀ ピ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠よ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ムェ ͡ぴ (Perfect wisdom but t he warners benefit t hen not .)ぴ54:5び Shu` bah narrat ed t hat Abu Ishaq said t hat ` Abdur-Rahman bin Dabil said t hat ` Ali bin Abi Talib comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥メゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ メ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴわ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ムョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (t hough t heir plot was not such as t o remove t he mount ains from t heir places.) "He who disput ed wit h Ibrahim about his Lord, t ook t wo eaglet s and raised t hem unt il t hey became adult eagels. Then he t ied each eagel's leg t o a wooden box wit h ropes and left t hem go hungry. He and anot her man sat inside t he wooden box and raised a st aff wit h a piece of meat on it s t ip. So, t he t wo eagles st art ed flying. The king asked his companion t o t ell him what he was seeing, and he described t he scenes t o him, unt il he said t hat he saw t he eart h as a fly. So, t he king brought t he st aff closer t o t he eagels and t hey st art ed landing slowly. This is why Allah said, (∇ラま͡ヱ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ムョ∠ メ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴわ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや) ` t hough t heir plot was hardly one t o remove t he mount ains from t heir places.''' Muj ahid also ment ioned t hat t his st ory was about Nebuchadnezzar, and t hat when t he king's sight was far away from eart h and it s people, he was called, ` O t yrant one! Where are you headed t o' He became afraid and brought t he st aff closer t o t he eagels, which flew fast er wit h such hast e t hat t he mount ains almost shook from t he noise t hey made. The mount ains were almost moved from t heir places, so Allah said,

び⊥メゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ メ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴわ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ムョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (t hough t heir plot was not such as t o remove t he mount ains from t heir places.)'' Ibn Jurayj narrat ed t hat Muj ahid recit ed t his Ayah in a way t hat means, "t hough t heir plot was such as t o remove t he mount ains from t heir places.'' However, Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

び⊥メゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ メ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴわ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ムョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (t hough t heir plot was not such as t o remove t he mount ains from t heir places.) indicat es t hat t heir plot was not such as t o remove t he mount ains from t heir places. Similar was said by AlHasan Al-Basri. Ibn Jarir reasoned t hat , "Associat ing ot hers wit h Allah and disbelieving in Him, which t hey brought upon t hemselves, did not bot her t he mount ains nor ot her creat ures. Rat her, t he harm of t heir act ions came t o haunt t hem.'' I (Ibn Kat hir) said, t his meaning is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

ベ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガゎ∠ リ∠ャ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ェゲ∠ ョ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ズ ͡ ∇ヨゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びΙ ⇔ ヲ⊥デ メ ∠ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らゎ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや (And walk not on t he eart h wit h conceit and arrogance. Verily, you can neit her rend nor penet rat e t he eart h, nor can you at t ain a st at ure like t he mount ains in height .)ぴ17:37び There is anot her way of explaining t his Ayah; ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

び⊥メゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ メ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴわ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ムョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (t hough t heir plot was not such as t o remove t he mount ains from t heir places.) refers t o t heir Shirk, for Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び⊥ヮ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ゲト ｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや キ⊥ ゅ∠ムゎ∠ ぴ (Whereby t he heavens are almost t orn.) ぴ19:90び Ad-Dahhak and Qat adah said similarly.

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇ハヱ∠ ブ ∠ ヤ͡∇ガョ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや メ ⊥ ｚギら∠ ゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ュ∃ ゅ∠ボわ͡ ルや ヱ⊥ク ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ び ケ͡ ゅｚヰボ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ ェ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇やヱ⊥コゲ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや (47. So t hink not t hat Allah will fail t o keep His promise t o His Messengers. Cert ainly, Allah is All-Might y, All-Able of Ret ribut ion.) (48. On t he Day when t he eart h will be changed t o anot her eart h and so will be t he heavens, and t hey (all creat ures) will appear before Allah, t he One, t he Irresist ible.)

Allah never breaks a Promise Allah affirms His promise,

び⊥ヮヤ∠シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇ハヱ∠ ブ ∠ ヤ͡∇ガョ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So t hink not t hat Allah will fail t o keep His promise t o His Messengers.) His promise t o grant t hem vict ory in t his life and on t he Day when t he Wit nesses shall come fort h. Allah affirms t hat He is All-Able and t hat not hing He wills escapes His power and none can resist Him. Allah affirms t hat He is Able t o exact ret ribut ion from t hose who disbelieve in Him and deny Him,

びリ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱぴ (Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers!)ぴ77:15び Allah said here,

び⊥れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやメ ⊥ ｚギら∠ ゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day when t he eart h will be changed t o anot her eart h and so will be t he heavens,) meaning, His promise shall come t o pass on t he Day when t he eart h will be changed t o an eart h ot her t han t his eart h t hat we know and recognize. It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Sahl bin Sa` d said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

￢∠ ゅ∠ツ∇Βよ∠ チ ∃ ∇ケぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゲ⊥ ゼ ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ » «ギ∠ェほ∠ャ͡ ユ∀ ヤ∠∇バョ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒプ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヶ あ ボ͡ レｚ ャや る͡ タ ∠ ∇ゲボ⊥ ミ∠ ￢∠ や∠ゲ∇ヘハ ∠ (On t he Day of Resurrect ion, t he people will be gat hered on a whit e (barren), flat eart h j ust like t he wheat bread, it has no recognizable feat ures for anyone.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "I was t he first among all people who asked t he Messenger of Allah about t his Ayah,

び⊥れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやメ ⊥ ｚギら∠ ゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day when t he eart h will be changed t o anot her eart h and so will be t he heavens,) saying, ` O Allah's Messenger! Where will t he people be t hen' He said,

«ヅや∠ゲダ あ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠» (On t he Sirat .)'' Muslim, but not Al-Bukhari, collect ed t his Hadit h. At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah also recorded it , and At -Tirmidhi said "Hasan Sahih''. Imam Muslim bin Al-Haj j aj recorded in his Sahih t hat Thawban t he servant of t he Messenger of Allah said, "I was st anding next t o t he Messenger of Allah when a Jewish rabbi came t o him and said, ` Peace be t o you, O Muhammad.' I pushed him wit h such a force t hat almost caused him t o fall down and he asked me why I did t hat . I said, ` Why did you not say, ` O Messenger of Allah' The Jew said, ` We call him by t he name which his family gave him.' The Messenger of Allah said,

«ヶ͡ヤ∇ワぺ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヶ͡ルゅｚヨシ ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ ヶ͡ヨ∇シや ラ ｚ ま͡» (Muhammad is indeed t he name which my family gave me.) The Jew said, ` I came t o ask you about somet hing.' The Messenger of Allah replied,

«∨∠マわ⊥ ∇をギｚ ∠ェ ∇ラま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ マ ∠ バ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ぺ∠» (Would it benefit you if I replied t o your quest ion) He said, ` I will hear it wit h my ear.' The Messenger of Allah poked t he ground wit h a st aff he had and said,

«モ∠シ» (Ask.) The Jew said, ` Where will t he people be when t he eart h will be changed t o anot her eart h and so will t he heavens' The Messenger of Allah said,

«ゲ∇ジイ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ヤヌ ぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ » ベやメ: フュラ ぺヱメ やメラやサ まァやコり∨ フベやメ:

«リΑ͡ゲィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⊥ や∠ゲボ∠ プ⊥ » ∩ フベやメ やメヵロヱキヵ: フュや れゥフれロュ ゥヵラ ヵキォメヱラ やメァラり∨ ベやメ:

«ラヲぁレャや ギ͡ ら͡ ミ∠ り⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠Αコ͡ » ベやメ: フュや パクやぼロュ フヵ まゐケロや∨ ベやメ:

∇リョ͡ モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヵ͡グャｚや る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ケ⊥ ∇ヲを∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ⊥ エ ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ » «ゅ∠ヰプ͡ や∠ゲ∇デぺ∠ ベやメ: フュや スケやゆロュ ネメヵロ∨ ベやメ:

«ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡らジ ∠ ∇ヤシ ∠ ヴｚヨジ ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∃ ∇Βハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ » . ベやメ: ソキベれ∩ ベやメ: ヱァむれ ぺサぺメポ ネラ スヵ￢ メや ヵネメュロ ぺゥキ ュラ ぺロメ やメぺケチ まメや ラゆヵ ぺヱ ケァメ ぺヱ ケァメやラ. ベやメ:

«∨∠マわ⊥ ∇をギｚ ェ ∠ ∇ラま͡ マ ∠ バ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ぺ∠»

ベやメ: ぺサュネ ゆぺクラヵ. ベやメ: ァむれ ぺサぺメポ ネラ やメヱメキ∩ ベやメ:

や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ゲヘ∠ ∇タぺ∠ り͡ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ￢⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩⊥ヂΒ∠ ∇よぺ∠ モ ͡ィ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ￢⊥ ゅ∠ョ» ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ や∠ゲ∠ミ∇ク∠ぺ ∩͡りぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶ ｚ レ͡ ョ∠ モ ͡ィ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ヶ ぁ レ͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠バヨ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや ゅ∠んルｚ ぺ∠ ∩͡モィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ヶ ｚ レ͡ ョ∠ り͡ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶ ぁ レ͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヤハ ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ͡ や «ぶや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ベやメ やメヵロヱキヵ: メベキ ソキベれ ヱまラポ メラゆヵ ゐュ やラソケフ∩ フベやメ ケサヱメ やメメロソメン やメメロ ネメヵロ ユ∂ヤシヱ:

ヶ͡ャ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∇レハ ∠ ヶ͡レャ∠ほ∠シ ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや リ ͡ハ ∠ や∠グワ∠ ヶ͡レャ∠ほ∠シ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠» «ヮ͡よ ぶ ⊥ や ヶ͡ルゅ∠ゎぺ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ￢∃ ∇ヶゼ ∠ よ͡ ∀ユ∇ヤ͡ハ (In t he darkness before t he Bridge (Jasr).) He asked, ` Who will be t he first t o pass it ' He said, (The poor emigrant s (Muhaj irin).) He asked, ` What will t heir (refreshment ) be when t hey ent er Paradise' He said, (The caul of fish liver.) He asked, ` What will t hey have aft er t hat ' He said, (A bull of Paradise which grazed t hrough it s pat hways will be slaught ered for t hem.) He asked, ` From what will t hey drink' He said, (From a fount ain whose name is Salsabil. ) He said, ` You have said t he t rut h. I have come t o ask you somet hing about which none of t he inhabit ant s of t he eart h knows, wit h t he except ion of a Prophet or one or t wo ot her men.' He said, (Would you benefit by me informing you about it ) He replied, ` I would list en. I have come t o ask you about t he child.' He said, (The fluid of t he man is whit e, and t he woman's is yellow. When t hey meet , if t he discharge of t he man is great er t han t hat of t he woman, t hen it becomes a male, by Allah's permission. When t he womans discharge is great er t han t he man's, it becomes a female by Allah's permission.) The Jew said, ` You have t old t he t rut h and are indeed a Prophet .' Then he left . So Allah's Messenger said; (He asked me such t hings t hat I had no knowledge of it unt il Allah gave it t o me.) Allah said next ,

び͡ヮヤｚャ ∇やヱ⊥コゲ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey will appear before Allah), describing when t he creat ures will be resurrect ed before Allah from t heir graves,

び⊥ケゅｚヰボ∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ ェ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャやぴ (t he One, t he Irresist i- ble.) Who has full power and cont rol over all t hings and t o Whom t he necks and minds are subservient .

- キ͡ ゅ∠ヘ∇タΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ルゲｚ ボ∠ ョぁ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ - ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ∠ゼ∇ピゎ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∃ や∠ゲト ͡ ホ∠ リョあ ユ⊥ヰヤ⊥Β͡よや∠ゲ∠シ ノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚョ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ｚモミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ン ∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや (49. And you will see t he criminals t hat Day, Muqarranun (bound t oget her) in fet t ers.) (50. Their garment s will be of Qat iran (t ar), and fire will cover t heir faces.) (51. That Allah may requit e each person according t o what he has earned. Truly, Allah is swift at reckoning.)

The Condition of the criminals on the Day of Resurrection Allah said,

び⊥れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやメ ⊥ ｚギら∠ ゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day when t he eart h will be changed t o anot her eart h and so will be t he heavens) ` and t he creat ions will be brought before t heir Lord, and you, O Muhammad, will wit ness t he criminals who commit t ed t he crimes of Kufr and mischief,'

び∠リΒ͡ルゲ͡ ∇ボョ⊥ ぴ (Muqarranin) bound t oget her, each wit h his or her like, j ust as Allah said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ⊥ ∇ェやぴ (Assemble t hose who did wrong, t oget her wit h t heir companions.) ぴ37:22び

び ∇ろィ ∠ ヱあ コ⊥ サ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘレぁ ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he souls are j oined wit h t heir bodies.)ぴ81:7び,

マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ ∇や∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ルゲｚ ボ∠ ョぁ ゅ⇔ボあΒッ ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ャぺ⊥ へ∠クま∠ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥らを⊥

(And when t hey shall be t hrown int o a narrow place t hereof, chained t oget her, t hey will exclaim t herein for dest ruct ion.) ぴ25:13び and,

リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ - ソ ∃ やｚヲビ ∠ ヱ∠ ￢∃ べｚレよ∠ ｚモミ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ び キ͡ ゅ∠ヘ∇タΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ルゲｚ ボ∠ ョ⊥ (And also t he Shayat in from t he Jinn (including) every kind of builder and diver, and also ot hers bound in fet t ers.)ぴ38:37-38び Allah said next ,

び∃ラや∠ゲト ͡ ホ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ヰヤ⊥Β͡よや∠ゲ∠シぴ (Their garment s will be of Qat iran (pit ch),) t hat is used t o coat camels. Qat adah comment ed t hat Qat iran (t ar) is one of t he fast est obj ect s t o cat ch fire. Ibn ` Abbas used t o say t hat t he Qat iran, ment ioned in t he Ayah, is dissolved lead. It is possible t hat t his Ayah reads as: (∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥Β͡よや∠ゲシ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∃ へ∃ゲト ͡ ホ∠ ) refering t o heat ed lead t hat has reached t remendous heat , according t o Muj ahid, Ikrimah, Sa'id bin Jubayr Al-Hasan and Qat adah. Allah said next ,

び⊥ケゅｚレャや ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ∠ゼ∇ピゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and fire will cover t heir faces), which is similar t o His ot her st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡⇒∠ミ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ウ ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ヤゎ∠ ぴ (The Fire will burn t heir faces, and t herein t hey will grin, wit h displaced lips.)ぴ23:104び Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Yahya bin Abi Ishaq said t hat Aban bin Yazid said t hat Yahya bin Abi Kat hir said t hat Zayd bin Abi Salam said t hat Abu Malik Al-Ash` ari said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ャ る͡ Βｚ ヤ͡ワ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ヶ͡プ ノ∀ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠» ヶ͡プ リ ⊥ ∇バト ｚ ャや∠ヱ ∩͡ゆゅ∠ジ∇ェほ∠∇ャゅ͡よ ゲ⊥ ∇ガヘ∠ ∇ャや:ｚリヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇わΑ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る⊥ ∠ェゅ∠Βレあ ャや∠ヱ ∩͡ュヲ⊥イレぁ ャゅ͡よ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ボ∇ジわ͡ ∇シゅ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩͡ゆゅ∠ジ∇ルほ∠∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ボゎ⊥ ∩ゅ∠ヰゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ∇ょわ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ や∠クま͡ る⊥ エ ∠ も͡ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ ∩͡ろΒあ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇リョ͡ ネ ∀ ∇ケキ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ∃ や∠ゲト ͡ ホ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀メゅ∠よ∇ゲ͡シ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや «ゆ∠ゲィ ∠

(Four charact erist ics from t he t ime of Jahiliyyah will remain in my Ummah, since t hey will not abandon t hem: boast ing about t heir family lineage, discredit ing family t ies, seeking rain t hrough t he st ars, and wailing for t heir dead. Verily, if she who wails, dies before she repent s from her behavior, she will be resurrect ed on t he Day of Resurrect ion while wearing a dress of Qat iran and a cloak of mange.) Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h. Allah said next ,

び∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚョ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ｚモミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ン ∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ (That Allah may requit e each person according t o what he has earned.) meaning, on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥￢ゅ∠シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン ∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ (That He may requit e t hose who do evil wit h t hat which t hey have done.) ぴ53:31び Allah said here,

び͡ゆゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, Allah is swift at reckoning.) when He wills t o reckon a servant s of His, for He knows everyt hing and not hing ever escapes His observat ion. Verily, His power over all of His creat ion is t he same as His power over one creat ure,

び∃りギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘレ∠ ミ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ん⊥ ∇バよ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅｚョぴ (The creat ion of you all and t he resurrect ion of you all are only as a single person. )ぴ31:28び And t his is why Muj ahid said,

び͡ゆゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ぴ (swift at reckoning), means "keeping count .''

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ケグ∠ レ⊥Βャ͡ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤあャ ∀ヒ⇒∠ヤよ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ びょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ ∠ や ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ∠ ミｚ グｚ Β∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∀ギ͡ェや∠ヱ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま (52. This (Qur'an) is a Message for mankind (and a clear proof against t hem), in order t hat t hey may be warned t hereby, and t hat t hey may know t hat He is t he only One God and t hat men of underst anding may t ake heed.)

Allah states that this Qur'an is a Message for mankind,

び∠ヒヤ∠よ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ルｘΙぴ ((So) t hat I may t herewit h warn you and whomsoever it may reach.) ぴ6:19び This Qur'an is for all mankind and t he Jinns, j ust as Allah said in t he beginning of t his Surah,

リ ∠ ョ͡ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ァ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガわ⊥ ャ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∀ゆゅ∠わ͡ミ ゲャやぴ び͡ケヲぁレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや (Alif-Lam-Ra. (This is) a Book which We have revealed unt o you in order t hat you might lead mankind out of darkness int o light .) ぴ14:1び Allah said next ,

び͡ヮよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ケグ∠ レ⊥Βャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (in order t hat t hey may be warned t hereby), or t o receive and draw lessons from it ,

び∀ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat t hey may know t hat He is t he only One God) using it s proofs and evidences t hat t est ify t hat t here is no t rue deit y except Allah,

び͡ょ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ ∠ や ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ∠ ミｚ グｚ Β∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat men of underst anding may t ake heed.) meaning t hose who have good minds. aThis is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surah Ibrahim, and all praise is due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Hijr (Chapter -15) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ゅ∠ヨよ∠ ケぁ - リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ラ ∃ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠Αや￢ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ゲ∠ ャやぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケク∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キぁ ヲ∠ Α∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ モ ⊥ ョ∠ Ι ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ヰ͡ ∇ヤΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ (1. Alif-Lam-Ra. These are Ayat of t he Book and a plain Qur'an.) (2. How much would t hose who disbelieved wish t hat t hey had been Muslims.) (3. Leave t hem t o eat and enj oy, and let t hem be preoccupied wit h (false) hope. They will come t o know!)

The Disbelievers will someday wish that They had been Muslims We have already discussed t he let t ers which appear at t he beginning of some Surahs. Allah said:

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キぁ ヲ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨよ∠ ケぁ ぴ (How much would t hose who disbelieved wish) Here Allah t ells us t hat t hey will regret having lived in disbelief, and will wish t hat t hey had been Muslims in t his world. Regarding Allah's saying,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キぁ ヲ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨよ∠ ケぁ ぴ (How much would t hose who disbelieved wish t hat t hey had been Muslims.) Sufyan At h-Thawri report ed from Salamah bin Kuhayl, who report ed from Abi Az-Za` ra', from ` Abdullah, who said: "This is about t he Jahannamiyyun (t he sinners among t he believers who will st ay in Hell for some t ime), when t hey ぴt he disbelieversび see t hem being brought out of Hell.''

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キぁ ヲ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨよ∠ ケぁ ぴ (How much would t hose who disbelieved wish t hat t hey had been Muslims.) Ibn Jarir report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas and Anas bin Malik explained t hat t his Ayah refers t o t he Day when Allah will det ain t he sinful Muslims in Hell along wit h t he idolat ors. He said: "The idolat ors will say t o t hem, ` What you used t o worship on eart h has not helped you.' Then by virt ue of His mercy, Allah will be angry for t heir sake, and He will remove t hem ぴfrom it び. That is when

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キぁ ヲ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨよ∠ ケぁ ぴ (How much would t hose who disbelieved wish t hat t hey had been Muslims).''

び∇やヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケク∠ ぴ (Leave t hem t o eat and enj oy) t his is a st ern and definit ive t hreat for t hem, like His saying,

び͡ケゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ Β͡ダョ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Enj oy your brief life! But cert ainly, your dest inat ion is t he Fire!'') ぴ14:30び

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ぴ ((O disbelievers!) Eat and enj oy yourselves (in t his worldly life) for a lit t le while. Verily, you are t he guilt y.)ぴ77:46び Allah says:

び⊥モ∠ョｘΙや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ヰ͡ ∇ヤΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (let t hem be preoccupied wit h false hope.) i.e., dist ract ed from repent ance and t urning t o Allah, for

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (They will soon come t o know!) t hat is, t heir punishment .

ゅｚョ - ∀ュヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ム∠ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲガ ͡ ∇⇒わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ィ ∠ ぺ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ペ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ジゎ∠ (4. And never did We dest roy a t ownship but t here was a known decree for it .) (5. No nat ion can advance it s t erm, nor delay it .)

Every Township has its allotted Time Allah is informing us t hat He never dest roys a t ownship unt il He has est ablished evidences for it and it s allot t ed t ime has ended. When t he t ime for a nat ion's dest ruct ion has come, He never delays it , and He never moves it s appoint ed t ime forward. This was a message and a warning t o t he people of Makkah, t elling t hem t o give up t heir Shirk, t heir st ubbornness and disbelief for which t hey deserved t o be dest royed.

∀ラヲ⊥レ∇イヨ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ミあグャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴあ ル⊥ ン͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ -リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レΒ͡ゎ∇ほ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヲャｚ や⇔クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅミ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ャゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠ョ

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠エャ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ミグあ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ∠ル リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅｚル͡ま - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ∠ レぁョ び (6. And t hey say: "O you (Muhammad) t o whom t he Dhikr (t he Qur'an) has been revealed! Verily, you are a madman!) (7. "Why do you not bring angels t o us if you are of t he t rut hful'') (8. We do not send t he angels down except wit h t he t rut h, and in t hat case, t hey (t he disbelievers) would have no respit e!) (9. Verily, We, it is We Who revealed t he Dhikr (i.e. t he Qur'an) and surely We will guard it (from corrupt ion).)

The Accusation that the Prophet was a Madman and Demands for Him to bring down Angels Allah t ells us about t he disbelief, arrogance and st ubbornness of t he disbelievers as reflect ed in t heir words:

び⊥ゲ∇ミグあ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴあ ル⊥ ン͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O you (Muhammad) t o whom t he Dhikr (t he Qur'an) has been revealed!) i.e., t he one who claims t o receive it .

び∀ラヲ⊥レ∇イヨ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, you are a mad man!) i.e., by your invit at ion t o us t o follow you and leave t he way of our forefat hers.

び͡るム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レΒゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヲャｚぴ (Why do you not bring angels t o us) i.e., t o bear wit ness t o t he accuracy of what you have brought t o us is t rue, if you are really t elling t he t rut h This is similar t o what Pharaoh said:

ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヱぺ∠ ょ ∃ ワ∠ ク∠ リョあ り∀ ケ∠ ヲ͡ ∇シぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ルゲ͡ わ∠ ∇ボョ⊥ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや (Why t hen are not golden bracelet s best owed on him, or angels sent along wit h him)(43:53). And Allah said:

ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや ギ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ン∠ゲル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや Ι ∠ る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ や⇔∂ヲわ⊥ ハ ⊥ や∇ヲ∠わ∠ハ∠ヱ や⇔ゲ∇イェ ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ び や⇔ケヲ⊥イ∇エョｚ (And t hose who do not expect a meet ing wit h Us (i. e., t hose who deny t he Day of Resurrect ion and t he life of t he Hereaft er), say: "Why are not t he angels sent down t o us, or why do we not see our Lord'' Indeed t hey t hink t oo highly of t hemselves, and are scornful wit h great pride. On t he Day t hat t hey do see t he angels - t here will be no good news given on t hat day t o t he guilt y. And t hey (angels) will say: "All kinds of glad t idings are forbidden for you.'') (25:21-22) For t his reason Allah said:

や⇔クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ャゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠ョぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ∠ レョぁ (We do not send t he angels down except wit h t he t rut h, and in t hat case, t hey (t he disbelievers) would have no respit e!) Muj ahid said in t his Ayah:

びあペエ ∠ ャゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠ョぴ (We do not send t he angels down except wit h t he t rut h) "ぴi.e.,び wit h t he Message and t he punishment .'' Then Allah, may He be exalt ed, st at ed t hat He is t he One Who revealed t he Dhikr t o him, which is t he Qur'an, and He is prot ect ing it from being changed or alt ered.

ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ - リ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘ や ノ͡ Β∠ セ ͡ ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥もゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リあョ ユ͡ヰΒ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ム⊥ ヤ⊥∇ジル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ び ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや る⊥ ｚレシ ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ (10. Indeed, We sent (Messengers) before you (O Muhammad) amongst t he earlier communit ies.) (11. And t here never came a Messenger t o t hem but t hat t hey mocked him. )

(12. Thus We allow it t o ent er t he heart s of t he guilt y.) (13. They would not believe in it (t he Qur'an); and already t he example of t he ancient s has gone fort h.)

The Idolators of Every Nation made a Mockery of their Messengers Consoling His Messenger for t he rej ect ion of t he disbelieving Quraysh, Allah says t hat He has sent Messengers before him t o t he nat ions of t he past , and no Messenger came t o a nat ion but t hey rej ect ed him and mocked him. Then He t ells him t hat He let s disbelief ent er t he heart s of t hose sinners who are t oo st ubborn and t oo arrogant t o follow His guidance.

びリ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ム⊥ ヤ⊥∇ジル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Thus We allow it t o ent er t he heart s of t he guilt y.) Anas and Al-Hasan Al-Basri said t hat t his referred t o Shirk.

び∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘ や る⊥ ｚレシ ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and already t he example of t he ancient s has gone fort h.) meaning t he dest ruct ion wrought by Allah on t hose who rej ect ed His Messengers, and how He saved His Prophet s and t heir followers in t his world and in t he Hereaft er, is well known.

ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲぁヤヌ ∠ プ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔よゅ∠よ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇モよ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ ∇れゲ∠ ムあ シ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケヲ⊥エ∇ジョｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ (14. And even if We opened t o t hem a gat e t o t he heavens and t hey were t o cont inue ascending t hrough it (all day long).) (15. They would surely say (in t he evening): "Our eyes have been (as if) dazzled (we have not seen any angel or heaven). Nay, we are a people bewit ched.'')

The Stubborn Disbelievers will never believe, no matter what Signs and Wonders They see Allah explains t he ext ent of t heir disbelief and st ubborn resist ance t o t he t rut h by st at ing t hat even if a door t o heaven were t o be opened for t hem, and t hey were t o be t aken up t hrough it , t hey would st ill not believe. Rat her, t hey would say:

びゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ ∇れゲ∠ ムあ シ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ

(Our eyes have been (as if) dazzled.) Muj ahid, Ibn Kat hir and Ad-Dahhak said, "ぴt his meansび our vision has been blocked.'' Qat adah narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "ぴt his meansび our eyesight has been t aken away.'' Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "ぴt his meansび we were confused and put under a spell.''

びゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ ∇れゲ∠ ムあ シ ⊥ぴ (Our eyes have been (as if) dazzled.) Ibn Zayd said: "The one who is dazzled ぴlit . int oxicat edび is t he one who cannot reason.''

リ ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ͡ ⇒ｚレヤ͡ャ ゅ∠ヰ⇒ｚレΑｚ コ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ィヱ⊥ゲよ⊥ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ ͡ ョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ユ∃ Β͡ィケｚ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇Βセ ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヌヘ͡ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゆゅ∠ヰセ ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ら∠ ∇ゎほ∠プ∠ ノ∠ ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや ベ ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇シや あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇わ∠ら∇ル∠ぺ∠ヱ ヶ ∠シ ͡ ヱ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇Βボ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ル∇キギ∠ ョ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ズ ∠ Β͡ ⇒∠バョ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∃ ヱ⊥コ∇ヲョｚ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ホコ͡ ゲ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ジャｚ (16. And indeed, We have put t he big st ars in t he heaven and We beaut ified it for t he beholders. ) (17. And We have guarded it (near heaven) from every out cast Shayt an (devil).) (18. Except him (devil) who st eals t he hearing, t hen he is pursued by a clear flaming fire.) (19. And We have spread out t he eart h, and have placed firm mount ains in it , and caused all kinds of t hings t o grow in it , in due proport ion.) (20. And in it We have provided means of living, for you and for t hose whom you provide not .)

The Power of Allah and His Signs in the Heavens and on Earth To t hose who ponder, and look repeat edly at t he dazzling signs and wonders t hat are t o be seen in t he creat ion, Allah ment ions His creat ion of t he heavens, wit h t heir immense height , and bot h t he fixed and moving heavenly bodies wit h which He has adorned it . Here, Muj ahid and Qat adah said t hat Buruj ぴbig st arsび refers t o t he heavenly bodies. (I say): This is like t he Ayah :

び⇔ゅィヱ⊥ゲよ⊥ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぴ (Blessed be He Who has placed t he big st ars in t he heavens.) ぴ25:61び ` At iyah Al-` Awfi said: "Buruj here refers t o sent inel fort resses.'' He made t he "shoot ing st ars'' t o guard it against t he evil devils who t ry t o list en t o informat ion conveyed at t he highest height s. If any devil breaches it and advances hoping t o list en, a clear "shoot ing st ar'' comes t o him and dest roys

him. He may already have passed on what ever he heard before t he fire hit him, t o anot her devil below him; t he lat t er will t hen t ake it t o his friends ぴamong humansび, as is st at ed in t he Sahih. Explaining t his Ayah, Al-Bukhari report ed from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Prophet said:

ろ ͡ よ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ゲ∠ ∇ョほ∠∇ャや ぶ ⊥ や ヴ∠ツホ∠ や∠クま͡» る∀ ヤ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヤシ ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠バ∇ツカ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰわ͡ エ ∠ レ͡ ∇ィほ∠よ͡ る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや «ラや∠ヲ∇ヘタ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (When Allah decrees any mat t er in heaven, t he angels beat t heir wings in submission t o His Word, ぴwit h a sound likeび a chain ぴbeat ingび on a smoot h rock.'') (` Ali and ot her subnarrat ors said, "The sound reaches t hem.'') "When t he fright leaves t heir (angels') heart s, t hey (angels) are asked: ` What did your Lord say' They respond: "The t rut h. And He is t he Most High, t he Most Great .' So t hose who hope t o hear somet hing list en, and t hey are st anding one above t he ot her.'' Sufyan ぴt he narrat orび described t hem wit h a gest ure, spreading t he fingers of his right hand and holding it in such a way t hat t he fingers were above one anot her. "Somet imes t he flaming fire hit s one of t hese list eners before he is able t o convey what he has heard t o t he one who is beneat h him, and he is burned up, or somet imes t he fire does not hit him unt il he has pit on t o t he one beneat h him, so he brings it t o t he eart h.'' Perhaps Sufyan said: "...unt il it reaches t he eart h and he put s it int o t he mout h of t he sorcerer or fort une-t eller, so t hat aft er t elling a hundred lies he get s somet hing right , and t he people say, ` Did he not t ell us t hat on such and such a day such and such would happen, and we found it t o be t he t rut h among t he st at ement s which were heard from heaven.''' Then Allah ment ions His creat ion of t he eart h and how He spread it out , and t he firm mount ains, valleys, lands and sands t hat he has placed in it , and t he plant s and fruit s t hat He causes t o grow in t heir appropriat e locat ions.

び∃ラヱ⊥コ∇ヲョｚ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョぴ (all kinds of t hings in due proport ion.) Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t his means wit h t heir predet ermined proport ions. This was also t he opinion of Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Ikrimah, Abu Malik, Muj ahid, Al-Hakim bin ` Ut aybah, Al-Hasan bin Muhammad, Abu Salih and Qat adah.

び∠ズΒ͡ ⇒∠バョ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have provided t herein means of living, for you) Here Allah ment ions t hat He creat ed t he eart h wit h different means of provisions and livelihood of all kinds.

び∠リΒ͡ホコ͡ ゲ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ジャｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and for t hose whom you provide not .) Muj ahid said, "This refers t o t he riding animals and t he cat t le.'' Ibn Jarir said, "They are slaves, men and women, as well as t he animals and t he cat t le. The meaning is t hat Allah, may He be exalt ed, is reminding t hem of t he ways of earning provision t hat He has made easy for t hem, and of t he animals t hat He has subj ugat ed for t hem t o ride and t o eat , and t he slaves from whom t hey benefit , but t he provision of all of t hese comes from Allah alone.''

Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥あゴレ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ⊥ も͡ や∠ゴカ ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ギレ͡ハ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ウ ∠ ホ͡ や∠ヲャ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠Αゲあ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ - ュ∃ ヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ケ∃ ギ∠ ボ∠ よ͡ -リ ∠ Β͡ルゴ͡ ⇒∠ガよ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨミ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Βボ∠ ∇シほ∠プ∠ ￢⇔ ゅ∠ョ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をケ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ヨル⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ ͡ ∇エル⊥ リ ⊥ ∇エレ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚルま∠ヱ リ ∠ Α͡ゲガ ͡ ∇⇒わ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ リ ∠ Β͡ョギ͡ ∇ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ (21. And t here is not a t hing, but t he supplies for it are wit h Us, and We do not send it down but in a known measure.) (22. And We send t he winds fert ilizing, t hen We cause t he wat er t o descend from t he sky, and We give it t o you t o drink, and it is not you who are t he owners of it s supply.) (23. And cert ainly We! It is We Who give life, and cause deat h, and We are t he Inherit ors.) (24. And indeed, We know t he first generat ions of you who have passed away, and indeed, We know t he present generat ions of you (mankind), and also t hose who will come aft erwards.) (25. And verily, your Lord will gat her t hem t oget her. Truly, He is Most Wise, (and) Knowing.)

The Supplies for All Things are with Allah Allah t ells us t hat He is t he Owner of all t hings, and t hat everyt hing is easy for Him. He has t he supplies for all t hings wit h Him.

び∃ュヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ケ∃ ギ∠ ボ∠ よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥あゴレ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and We do not send it down but in a known measure.) meaning, as He wills and as He want s. Doing so out of His great wisdom and mercy t owards His servant s, in a way t hat He is under no obligat ion t o do. But He has decreed mercy for Himself. Yazid bin Abi Ziyad report ed from Abu Juhayfah t hat ` Abdullah said: "No year has more rain t han anot her, but Allah divides t he rain bet ween t hem as He wills, it rains here a year and t here a year. Then he recit ed:

び⊥ヮレ⊥ も͡ や∠ゴカ ∠ ゅ∠ルギ∠ レ͡ハ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And t here is not a t hing, but t he supplies for it are wit h Us...) Report ed by Ibn Jarir.

Benefits of the Winds

び∠ウホ͡ や∠ヲャ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠Αゲあ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And We send t he winds fert ilizing.) i.e., fert ilizing t he clouds so t hat t hey give rain, and fert ilizing t he t rees so t hat t hey open t heir leaves and blossoms. These winds are ment ioned here in t he plural form because t hey give result s, unlike t he barren wind (Ar-Rih Al-'Aqim, see Adh-Dhariyat 51:41), which is ment ioned in t he singular and described as barren since it does not produce anyt hing; because result s can only be produced when t here are t wo or more t hings.

び∠ウホ͡ や∠ヲャ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠Αゲあ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And We sent t he winds fert ilizing.) ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "The wind is sent bearing wat er from t he sky, t hen it fert ilizes t he clouds unt il rain begins t o generously fall, j ust as t he milk of t he pregnant camel flows generously.'' This was also t he opinion of Ibn ` Abbas, Ibrahim AnNakha` i and Qat adah. Ad-Dahhak said: "Allah sends it t o t he clouds and it get s fert ilized and becomes full of wat er.'' ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr Al-Layt hi said: "Allah sends t he wind which st irs up t he eart h, t hen Allah sends t he wind which raises clouds, t hen Allah sends t he wind which forms clouds, t hen Allah sends t he fert ilizing wind which pollinat es t he t rees. Then he recit ed,

び∠ウホ͡ や∠ヲャ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠Αゲあ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And We sent t he winds fert ilizing,)

Fresh Water is a Blessing from Allah

び⊥ロヲ⊥ヨミ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Βボ∠ ∇シほ∠プ∠ ぴ (and We give it t o you t o drink,) This means, "and We send it down t o you fresh and sweet , so t hat you can drink it ; if We had wished, We could have made it salt y (and undrinkable)'', as Allah point s out in anot her Ayah in Surat Al-Waqi` ah, where He says:

ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠￢ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ン͡グャｚや ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャゴ͡ レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ラ ͡ ∇ゴヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ィゅ∠ィぺ⊥ (Tell Me! The wat er t hat you drink, is it you who cause it t o come down from t he rain clouds, or are We t he cause of it coming down If We willed, We verily could make it salt y (and undrinkable), why t hen do you not give t hanks (t o Allah)) (56:68-70). And Allah says:

∀ゆや∠ゲ∠セ ヮ⊥ ∇レｚョ ユ⊥ムャｚ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ジゎ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゲ∀ イ ∠セ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ (He it is Who sends wat er down from t he sky; from it you drink and from it (grows) t he veget at ion on which you send your cat t le t o past ure.) (16:10)

び∠リΒ͡ルゴ͡ ⇒∠ガよ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and it is not you who are t he owners of it s supply.) The meaning is, "You are not t aking care of it ; rat her We send it down and t ake care of it for you, making springs and wells flourish on t he eart h. '' If Allah so willed, He could make it disappear, but by His mercy He sends it down and makes it fresh and sweet , maint aining t he springs, wells, rivers and so on, so t hat t hey may drink from it all year long, wat er t heir livest ock and irrigat e t heir crops.

The Power of Allah to initiate and renew Creation

び⊥ろΒ͡ヨル⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ ͡ ∇エル⊥ リ ⊥ ∇エレ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚルま∠ヱぴ (And cert ainly We! We it is Who give life, and cause deat h,) Here Allah t ells us of His power t o init iat e creat ion and renew it . He is t he One Who brings life t o creat ures out of not hingness, t hen He causes t hem t o die, t hen He will resurrect all of t hem on t he Day when He will gat her t hem t oget her. He also t ells us t hat He will inherit t he eart h and everyone on it , and t hen it is t o Him t hat t hey will ret urn. Then He t ells us about His perfect knowledge of t hem, t he first and t he last of t hem. He says

び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ リ ∠ Β͡ョギ͡ ∇ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed, We know t he first generat ions of you who had passed away...). Ibn ` Abbas said, "The first generat ions are all t hose who have passed away since t he t ime of Adam. The present generat ions and t hose who will come aft erward refer t o t hose who are alive now and who are yet t o come, unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion.'' Somet hing similar was narrat ed from ` Ikrimah, Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah, Muhammad bin Ka` b, Ash-Sha` bi and ot hers. Ibn Jarir report ed from Muhammad bin Abi Ma` shar, from his fat her, t hat he heard ` Awn bin ` Abdullah discussing t he following Ayah wit h Muhammad bin Ka` b:

ゅ∠レ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ リ ∠ Β͡ョギ͡ ∇ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲガ ͡ ∇⇒わ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや (And indeed, We know t he first generat ions of you who had passed away, and indeed, We know t he present generat ions of you (mankind), and also t hose who will come aft erwards), and it was st at ed t hat it refers t o t he rows for prayer. Muhammad bin Ka` b said, "This is not t he case.

び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ リ ∠ Β͡ョギ͡ ∇ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed, We know t he first generat ions of you who had passed away) it refers t o t hose who are dead or have been killed, and;

び∠リΑ͡ゲガ ͡ ∇⇒わ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャやぴ (and also t hose who will come aft erwards) meaning t hose who have yet t o be creat ed.

び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily your Lord will gat her t hem t oget her. Truly, He is Most Wise, (and) Knowing).'' ` Awn bin ` Abdullah said, "May Allah help you and reward you wit h good.''

み∃ヨ∠ ェ ∠ ∇リョあ モ ∃ ⇒∠ダ∇ヤタ ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ュ͡ ヲ⊥ヨジ ｚ ャや ケ͡ ゅｚル リ͡ョ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ラ ｚ べ∠イ∇ャや∠ヱ - ラ ∃ ヲ⊥レ∇ジョｚ び (26. And indeed, We creat ed man from dried (sounding) clay of alt ered mud.) (27. And t he Jinn, We creat ed earlier from t he smokeless flame of fire.)

The Substances from which Mankind and Jinns were created Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and Qat adah said t hat Salsal means dry mud. The apparent meaning is similar t o t he Ayah:

ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ - ケ͡ ゅｚガヘ∠ ∇ャゅ∠ミ モ ∃ ⇒∠ダ∇ヤタ ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ぴ び ケ∃ ゅｚル リあョ ァ ∃ ケ͡ ゅｚョ リ͡ョ ラ ｚ べ∠イ∇ャや (He creat ed man (Adam) from sounding clay like t he pot t er's clay, And He creat ed t he Jinns from a smokeless flame of fire.) (55:14-15) It was also report ed from Muj ahid t hat ,

び∃モ⇒∠ダ∇ヤタ ∠ ぴ (dried (sounding) clay) means "put rid'', but it is more appropriat e t o int erpret an Ayah wit h anot her Ayah.

び∃ラヲ⊥レ∇ジョｚ み∃ヨ∠ ェ ∠ ∇リョあ ぴ (of alt ered mud) means t he dried clay t hat comes from mud, which is soil. "Alt ered'' here means smoot h.

び⊥モ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ラ ｚ べ∠イ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And t he Jinn, We creat ed earlier) means before creat ing humans.

び͡ュヲ⊥ヨジ ｚ ャや ケ͡ ゅｚル リ͡ョぴ (from t he smokeless flame of fire.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "It is t he smokeless flame t hat kills.'' Abu Dawud At -Tayalisi said t hat Shu` bah narrat ed t o t hem from Abu Ishaq, who said: "I visit ed ` Umar Al-Asamm when he was sick, and he said: ` Shall I not t ell you a Hadit h t hat I heard from ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud He said: ` This smokeless flame is one of t he sevent y part s of t he smokeless fire from which t he Jinn where creat ed. Then he recit ed,

び ュ͡ ヲ⊥ヨジ ｚ ャや ケ͡ ゅｚル リ͡ョ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ラ ｚ べ∠イ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And t he Jinn, We creat ed earlier from t he smokeless flame of fire).''' The following is found in t he Sahih,

∇リョ͡ ラ ぁ ゅ∠イ∇ャや ろ ͡ ボ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∃ケヲ⊥ル ∇リョ͡ る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ボ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥» «ユ⊥ムャ∠ ブ ∠ タ ͡ ヱ⊥ ゅｚヨョ͡ ュ⊥ キ∠ へ ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∃ケゅ∠ル ∇リョ͡ ァ ∃ ケ͡ ゅ∠ョ (The angels were creat ed from light , t he Jinn were creat ed from a smokeless flame of fire, and Adam was creat ed from t hat which has been described t o you.) The Ayah is int ended t o point out t he noble nat ure, good essence and pure origin of Adam.

リあョ や⇔ゲゼ ∠ よ∠ ∀ペヤ͡⇒∠カ ヴあルま͡ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ろ ⊥ ∇ガヘ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Αｚヲシ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ - ラ ∃ ヲ⊥レ∇ジョｚ み∃ヨ∠ ェ ∠ ∇リョあ モ ∃ ⇒∠ダ∇ヤタ ∠ ギ∠ イ ∠ジ ∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ギイ ͡ ⇒∠シ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バボ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡ェヱぁケ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠よぺ∠ ザ ∠ Β͡ヤ∇よま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ザ ⊥ Β͡ヤ∇よみ͡Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Α͡ギイ ͡ ⇒ｚジャや ノ∠ ョ∠

リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゲ∃ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ャ͡ ギ∠ イ ⊥ ∇シΙ ６ リ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Αギ͡ イ ͡ ⇒ｚジャや びラ ∃ ヲ⊥レ∇ジョｚ み∃ヨ∠ ェ ∠ ∇リョあ モ ∃ ⇒∠ダ∇ヤタ ∠ (28. And (remember) when your Lord said t o t he angels: "I am going t o creat e a man (Adam) from dried (sounding) clay of alt ered mud. '') (29. "So, when I have fashioned him complet ely and breat hed int o him (Adam) of My spirit (t he soul which I creat ed for him,) t hen fall down, prost rat ing yourselves before him.'') (30. So t he angels prost rat ed t hemselves, all of t hem t oget her.) (31. Except Iblis (Shayt an) - he refused t o be among t he prost rat e.) (32. (Allah) said: "O Iblis! What is your reason for not being among t he prost rat e'' (33. ぴIblisび said: "I am not one t o prost rat e myself t o a human, whom You creat ed from dried (sounding) clay of alt ered mud.'')

The creation of Adam, the Command to the Angels to prostrate to Him, and the Rebellion of Iblis Allah informs us of how He ment ioned Adam t o His angels before He creat ed him, and how He honored him by commanding t he angels t o prost rat e t o him. He ment ions how His enemy Iblis, amidst all t he angels, refused t o prost rat e t o him out of envy, disbelief, st ubbornness, arrogance, and false pride. This is why Iblis said:

∇リョあ モ ∃ ⇒∠ダ∇ヤタ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゲ∃ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ャ͡ ギ∠ イ ⊥ ∇シΙ ６ リ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぴ び∃ラヲ⊥レ∇ジョｚ み∃ヨ∠ ェ ∠ (I am not one t o prost rat e myself t o a human, whom You creat ed from dried (sounding) clay of alt ered mud.) t his is like when he said,

び∃リΒ͡デ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚル リ͡ョ ヶ͡レわ∠ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ぴ (I am bet t er t han him (Adam), You creat ed me from Fire and him You creat ed from clay.)(7:12) and

びｚヴヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ョゲｚ ミ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ワ マ ∠ わ∠ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ("Do you see t his one whom You have honored above me...'') ぴ17:62び

る∠ レ∠ ∇バヤｚャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ィ∠ケ マ ∠ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇カゅ∠プ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ͡ル∇ゲヌ ͡ ル∠ほプ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ͡ Αあギャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡

ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ルｚ み͡プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ び ュ͡ ヲ⊥ヤ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ∇ホヲ∠ ∇ャや (34. (Allah) said: "Then leave, for verily, you are an out cast . '') (35. "And verily, t he curse shall be upon you unt il t he Day of Recompense.'') (36. ぴIblisび said: "O my Lord! Then give me respit e unt il t he Day t hey (t he dead) will be resurrect ed.'') (37. Allah said: "Then verily, you are of t hose reprieved,'') (38. "Unt il t he Day of t he t ime appoint ed.'')

The Expulsion of Iblis from Jannah, and His Reprieve until the Day of Resurrection Allah t ells us how He issued an uncondit ional command t o Iblis t o leave t he posit ion he held among t he highest of height s. He t old him t hat he was an out cast , i.e., cursed, and t hat he would be followed by a curse t hat would hound him unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. It was report ed t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr said: "When Allah cursed Iblis, his image int o somet hing different from t hat of t he angels, and he made a sound like a bell. Every bell t hat rings on t his eart h unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion is part of t hat . This was report ed by Ibn Abi Hat im.

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ｚ ∠レΑあ ∠コΕ ⊥ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Αヲ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ポ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Α∠ ヲ͡ ∇ビΕ ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ∀ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ヅ ∀ ゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グワ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡ダヤ∠∇ガヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∀ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ン͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ハ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ャ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ヱゅ∠ピ∇ャや び ∀ュヲ⊥ジ∇ボョｚ ∀￢∇ゴィ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠よ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ゆ ∃ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ る⊥ バ∠ ∇らシ ∠ (39. ぴIblisび said: "O my Lord! Because You misled me, I shall indeed adorn t he pat h of error for t hem (mankind) on t he eart h, and I shall mislead t hem all.'') (40. "Except Your chosen (guided) servant s among t hem.'') (41. (Allah) said: "This is t he way which will lead st raight t o Me.'') (42. "Cert ainly, you shall have no aut horit y over My servant s, except t hose of t he ast ray who follow you.'') (43. And surely, Hell is t he place promised for t hem all.) (44. It has seven gat es, for each of t hose gat es is a class assigned.)

The Threat of Iblis to tempt Mankind, and Allah's Promise of Hell for him

Allah informed about t he rebellion and arrogance of Iblis, in t hat he said t o t he Lord:

びヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Αヲ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ ぴ (Because You misled me,) i.e., because You misled me and misguided me.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ｚ ∠レΑあ ∠コΕ ⊥ぴ (I shall indeed adorn t he pat h of error for t hem) meaning, for t he progeny of Adam.

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プぴ (on t he eart h,) meaning - I will make sin dear t o t hem, and will encourage, provoke and harass t hem t o commit sin.

び∠リΒバ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Α∠ ヲ͡ ∇ビΕ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and I shall mislead t hem all.) meaning - j ust as You have misled me and have ordained t hat for me.

びリ ∠ Β͡ダヤ∠∇ガヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ポ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except Your chosen, (guided) servant s among t hem.) This is like t he Ayah:

ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ゲカ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ョゲｚ ミ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ワ マ ∠ わ∠ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び⇔ΚΒ͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ｚΑあケク⊥ リ ｚ ム∠ レ͡ わ∠ ∇ェΕ ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ("Do you see t his one whom You have honored above me, if You give me respit e unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, I will surely seize and mislead his offspring, all but a few!'') (17:62).

び∠メゅ∠ホぴ ((Allah) said), i.e., t hreat ening and warning Iblis.

び∀ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ヅ ∀ ゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グワ∠ ぴ (This is t he way which will lead st raight t o Me.) means, ` all of you will ret urn t o Me, and I will reward or punish you according t o your deeds: if t hey are good t hen I will reward you, and if t hey are bad t hen I will punish you.' This is like t he Ayah:

び キ͡ ゅ∠タ∇ゲヨ͡ ∇ャゅ͡らャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, your Lord is ever wat chful.) (89:14) and

び͡モΒ͡らジ ｚ ャや ギ⊥ ∇ダホ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (And it is up t o Allah t o show t he right way.) (16:9)

び∀リ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ン͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Cert ainly, you shall have no aut horit y over My servant s) meaning, ` you will have no way t o reach t hose for whom I have decreed guidance.'

び∠リΑ͡ヱゅ∠ピ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except t hose of t he ast ray who follow you.) Ibn Jarir ment ioned t hat Yazid bin Qusayt said: "The Prophet s used t o have Masj ids out side t heir cit ies, and if a Prophet want ed t o consult wit h his Lord about somet hing, he would go out t o his place of worship and pray as Allah decreed. Then he would ask Him about what ever was concerning him. Once while a Prophet was in his place of worship, t he enemy of Allah - meaning Iblis - came and sat bet ween him and t he Qiblah (direct ion of prayer). The Prophet said, ` I seek refuge wit h Allah from t he accursed Shayt an.' ぴThe enemy of Allah said, ` Do you know who you are seeking refuge from Here he is!' The Prophet said, ` I seek refuge wit h Allah from t he accursed Shayt an'び, and he repeat ed t hat t hree t imes. Then t he enemy of Allah said, ` Tell me about anyt hing in which you will be saved from me.' The Prophet t wice said, ` No, you t ell me about somet hing in which you can overpower t he son of Adam' Each of t hem was insist ing t hat t he ot her answer first , t hen t he Prophet said, Allah says,

マ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∀リ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ン͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ヱゅ∠ピ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ (Cert ainly, you shall have no aut horit y over My servant s, except t hose of t he ast ray who follow you.) The enemy of Allah said, ` I heard t his before you were even born.' The Prophet said, ` And Allah says,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇グバ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∀パ∇ゴ∠ル リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ レｚ ビ ∠ ゴ∠ レ∠ Α∠ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨ∠シ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ (And if an evil whisper comes t o you from Shayt an t hen seek refuge wit h Allah. Verily, He is AllHearing, All-Knowing) (7: 200). By Allah, I never sense t hat you are near but I seek refuge wit h Allah from you.' The enemy of Allah said, ` You have spoken t he t rut h. In t his way you will be

saved from me.' The Prophet said, ` Tell me in what ways you overpower t he son of Adam.' He said, ` I seize him at t imes of anger and t imes of desire.'

びリ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ハ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ャ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And surely, Hell is t he place promised for t hem all.) meaning, Hell is t he abode designat ed for all t hose who follow Iblis, as Allah says in t he Qur'an:

び⊥ロギ⊥ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャゅ∠プ ゆ ͡ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (but t hose of t he sect s (Jews, Christ ians and all t he ot her non-Muslim nat ions) t hat rej ect it (t he Qur'an), t he Fire will be t heir promised meet ing place.)(11:17)

The Gates of Hell are Seven Then Allah t ells us t hat Hell has seven gat es:

び∀ュヲ⊥ジ∇ボョｚ ∀￢∇ゴィ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠よ あモム⊥ ャ͡ぴ (for each of t hose gat es is a (special) class (of sinners) assigned.) means, for each gat e a port ion of t he followers of Iblis have been decreed, and t hey will have no choice in t he mat t er. May Allah save us from t hat . Each one will ent er a gat e according t o his deeds, and will set t le in a level of Hell according t o his deeds. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Samurah bin Jundub report ed from t he Prophet about ,

び∀ュヲ⊥ジ∇ボョｚ ∀￢∇ゴィ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠よ あモム⊥ ャ͡ぴ (for each of t hose gat es is a class assigned.) He said,

∩͡ヮ∇Βら∠ ∇バミ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ロ⊥ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡» ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮゎ͡ ゴ∠ ∇イェ ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ロ⊥ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ «ヮΒ͡ホや∠ゲ∠ゎ ヴ∠ャま͡ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ロ⊥ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ (Among t he people of Hell are t hose whom t he Fire will swallow up t o t he ankles, and t hose whom it will swallow up t o t he waist , and t hose whom it will swallow up t o t he collarbone.) The degree of which will depend upon t heir deeds. This is like t he Ayah;

び∀ュヲ⊥ジ∇ボョｚ ∀￢∇ゴィ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠よ あモム⊥ ャ͡ぴ

(for each of t hose gat es is a class assigned.)

ュ∃ Κ∠ジよ͡ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや - ラ ∃ ヲ⊥Βハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ モ ｙビ ͡ ∇リョあ ユ͡ワケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ハゴ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ や∠￢ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ぁ ヨ∠ Α∠ Ι ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤら͡ ⇒∠ボわ∠ ョぁ ケ∃ ゲ⊥ シ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔ルや∠ヲ∇カま͡ ン͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇￢ヴあらル∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ィゲ∠ ∇ガヨ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ょ ∀ ダ ∠ ル∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グ∠バ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヴ͡よや∠グハ ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ヴあルぺ∠ び ユ⊥ Β͡ャΙ ｘや (45. Truly, t hose who have Taqwa, will dwell in Gardens and wat er springs.) (46. (It will be said t o t hem): "Ent er it in peace and securit y.'') (47. And We shall remove any deep feeling of bit t erness from t heir breast s. (So t hey will be like) brot hers facing each ot her on t hrones.) (48. No sense of fat igue shall t ouch t hem, nor shall t hey be asked t o leave it . (49. Declare t o My servant s t hat I am t ruly t he Forgiving, t he Most Merciful.) (50. And t hat My t orment is indeed t he most painful t orment .)

Description of the People of Paradise Since Allah ment ioned t he condit ion of t he people of Hell, He followed t hat by ment ioning t he people of Paradise. He t ells us t hat t hey will dwell in Gardens and wat er springs.

び∃ユ⇒∠ヤジ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キやぴ (Ent er it in peace) meaning free of all problems.

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ や∠￢ぴ (and securit y.) meaning free from all fear and concern. They will not have any fear of expulsion, nor will t hey fear t hat t heir condit ion will be disrupt ed or end.

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔ルや∠ヲ∇カま͡ モ ｙビ ͡ ∇リョあ ユ͡ワケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ハゴ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヤら͡ ⇒∠ボわ∠ ョぁ ケ∃ ゲ⊥ シ ⊥ (And We shall remove any deep feeling of bit t erness from t heir breast s. (So t hey will be like) brot hers facing each ot her on t hrones.) Al-Qasim narrat ed t hat Abu Umamah said: "The people

of Paradise will ent er Paradise wit h what ever enmit y is left in t heir heart s from t his world. Then, when t hey come t oget her, Allah will remove what ever hat red t he world has left in t heir heart s.'' Then he recit ed:

びｙモビ ͡ ∇リョあ ユ͡ワケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ハゴ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We shall remove any deep feeling of bit t erness from t heir breast s.) This is how it was narrat ed in t his report , but Al-Qasim bin ` Abdur-Rahman is weak in his report s from Abu Umamah. However, t his is in accord wit h t he report in t he Sahih where Qat adah says, "Abu AlMut awakkil An-Naj i t old us t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri t old t hem t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジら∠ ∇エΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゾ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ » ∇リョ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ツ ͡ ∇バら∠ ャ͡ ゾ ぁ わ∠ ∇ボΒ⊥ プ∠ .ケ͡ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ ト ∠ ∇レホ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ユ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠ヌョ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ «るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや メ ͡ ヲ⊥カキ⊥ ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ⊥ ∩やヲぁボル⊥ ヱ∠ やヲ⊥よあグワ⊥ (The believers will be removed from t he Fire, and t hey will be det ained on a bridge bet ween Paradise and Hell. Then j udgment will be passed bet ween t hem concerning any wrong t hey have commit t ed in t his world against one anot her, unt il t hey are cleansed and purified. Then permission will be given t o t hem t o ent er Paradise.)''

び∀ょダ ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ぁ ヨ∠ Α∠ Ι ∠ぴ (No sense of fat igue shall t ouch t hem) meaning no harm or hardship, as was report ed in t he Sahihs:

る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ろ ∃ ∇Βら∠ よ͡ る∠ イ ∠ Α͡ギカ ∠ ゲ∠ ゼ あ よ∠ ぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ヶ͡ルゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ぺ∠» «ょ∠ダ∠ル ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ガ ∠タ ∠ ゅ∠ャ ょ ∃ ダ ∠ ホ∠ ∇リョ͡ (Allah commanded me t o t ell Khadij ah t he good news of a j eweled palace in Paradise in which t here will be no t oil and no fat igue.)

び∠リΒ͡ィゲ∠ ∇ガヨ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (nor shall t hey (ever) be asked t o leave it .) As was report ed in t he Hadit h:

ゅ∠ヤプ∠ やヲぁエダ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ » やヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ やヲ⊥ゼΒ͡バゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ やヲ⊥ッゲ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ やヲ⊥ョゲ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ やヲぁらゼ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ «や⇔ギ∠よ∠ぺ やヲ⊥レバ⊥ ∇ヌゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ (It will be said, O dwellers of Paradise! You will be healt hy and never fall sick; you will live and never die; you will be young and never grow old; you will st ay here and never leave.) Allah says:

びΙ ⇔ ヲ∠ ェ ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カぴ (Wherein t hey shall dwell (forever). They will have no desire t o be removed from it .) (18:108)

ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ヴあルぺ∠ ン͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇￢ヴあらル∠ ぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヴ͡よや∠グハ ∠ (Declare t o My servant s, t hat I am t ruly t he Oft -Forgiving, t he Most Merciful. And t hat My t orment is indeed t he most painful t orment .) meaning, ` O Muhammad, t ell My servant s t hat I am t he source of mercy and I am t he source of punishment .' Similar Ayat t o t his have already been quot ed above, which indicat e t hat we must always be in a st at e bet ween hope (for Allah's mercy) and fear (of His punishment ).

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ∠ キ∠ ∇クま͡ - ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ブ ͡ ∇Βッ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゃらあ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅｚル͡ま メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔ョΚ∠シ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ヨゎ⊥ ∇ゲゼ ｚ ∠よ∠ぺ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ユ∃ Β͡ヤハ ∠ ユ∃ ⇒∠ヤピ⊥ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ゼ あ ら∠ ル⊥ ゅｚル͡ま ∇モィ ∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ あ ら∠ ゎ⊥ ユ∠ ら͡ プ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ム͡ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ レ͡ ジ ｚ ョｚ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡トレ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ リ⊥ムゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ⇒∠ル∇ゲゼ ｚ よ∠ びラ ∠ ヲぁャべｚツャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ョ テ ⊥ レ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ (51. And t ell t hem about t he guest s (i. e., t he angels) of Ibrahim.) (52. When t hey ent ered upon him, and said: "Salaman (peace!).'' He said: "Indeed we are fright ened of you.'') (53. They

said: "Do not be afraid! We bring you t he good news of a boy possessing much knowledge and wisdom.'') (54. He said: "Do you give me t his good news while old age has overt aken me Of what t hen is your news about '') (55. They said: "We give you good news in t rut h. So do not be of t hose who despair.'') (56. He said: "And who despairs of t he mercy of his Lord except t hose who are ast ray'')

The Guests of Ibrahim and their Good News of a Son for Him Allah is saying: ` Tell t hem, O Muhammad, about t he st ory of

び∠ユΒ͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ブ ͡ ∇Βッ ∠ ぴ (t he guest s of Ibrahim.)'

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅｚル͡ま メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔ョΚ∠シ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ∠ キ∠ ぴ (t hey ent ered upon him, and said: "Salaman (peace!).'' He said: "Indeed we are fright ened of you.'') meaning t hat t hey were scared. The reason for t heir fear has been ment ioned previously, which is t hat t hey not iced t hat t hese guest s did not eat of t he food t hat was offered, which was a fat t ened calf.

び∇モィ ∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "Do not be afraid!...'') meaning, do not be scared.

び∃ユΒ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ∃ ⇒∠ヤピ⊥ よ͡ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ｚ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (We bring you t he good news of a boy possessing much knowledge and wisdom.) t his refers t o Ishaq, as was previously ment ioned in Surat Hud. Then

び∠メゅ∠ホぴ (He said) meaning he spoke wit h wonder and ast onishment , asking for confirmat ion, because he was old and his wife was old:

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲあゼら∠ ゎ⊥ ユ∠ ら͡ プ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ム͡ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ レ͡ ジ ｚ ョｚ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ヨゎ⊥ ∇ゲゼ ｚ よ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Do you give me t his good news while old age has overt aken me Of what t hen is your news about ) They responded by confirming t he good news t hey had brought , good news aft er good news:

びリ ∠ Β͡トレ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ リ⊥ムゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ⇒∠ル∇ゲゼ ｚ よ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "We give you good news in t rut h. So do not be of t hose who despair.'')

べｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら⊥ ∇トカ ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ゅｚル͡ま ヅ ∃ ヲ⊥ャ メ ∠ や∠￢ Ι ∠ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョぁ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ べ∠ル∇ケギｚ ホ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや Ι ｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲぁイレ∠ ヨ⊥ ャ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒∠ピ∇ャや (57. He said: "What t hen is t he business for which you have come, O messengers'') (58. They said: "We have been sent t o a guilt y people.'') (59. "(All) except t he family of Lut , all of whom we are t o save (from t he dest ruct ion).'') (60. "Except for his wife, of whom We have decreed t hat she shall be of t hose who remain behind.'')

The Reason why the Angels came Allah t ells us t hat aft er Ibrahim had calmed down from t he excit ement of t his good news, he st art ed t o ask t hem why t hey had come t o him. They said,

び∠リΒ͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョぁ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ べｚルま͡ぴ (We have been sent t o a guilt y people.) meaning t he people of Lut . They t old him t hat t hey were going t o save t he family of Lut from among t hose people, except for his wife, because she was one of t hose who were doomed. Thus it was said,

び ∠リΑ͡ゲ͡ら⇒∠ピ∇ャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ べ∠ル∇ケギｚ ホ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except for his wife, of whom We have decreed t hat she shall be of t hose who remain behind.) i.e., she was one of t hose who would be left behind and will be dest royed.

∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヅ ∃ ヲ⊥ャ メ ∠ や∠￢ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇モよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム∠ レぁョ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホギ͡ ⇒∠ダャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ へ∠ヱ -

(61. Then when t he messengers (t he angels) came t o t he family of Lut ) (62. He (Lut ) said: "Verily, you are people unknown t o me.'') (63. They said: "Nay, we have come t o you wit h t hat (t orment ) which t hey have been doubt ing.'') (64. "And we have brought you t he t rut h and cert ainly we t ell t he t rut h.'')

The Angels coming to Lut Allah t ells us about when t he angels came t o Lut in t he form of young men wit h handsome faces. When t hey ent ered his home, he said:

ゅ∠ヨよ͡ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇モよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム∠ レぁョ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ("Verily, you are people unknown t o me.'' They said: "Nay, we have come t o you wit h t hat (t orment ) which t hey have been doubt ing.'') meaning t hat t hey were bringing t he punishment and dest ruct ion t hat t he people doubt ed t hey would ever suffer from.

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ へ∠ヱぴ (And we have brought you t he t rut h) is like t he Ayah,

びあペエ ∠ ャゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠ョぴ (We do not send t he angels down except wit h t he t rut h) ぴ15:8び and

び∠ラヲ⊥ホギ͡ ⇒∠ダャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ͡ ぴ (and cert ainly, we t ell t he t rut h.) They said t his in affirmat ion of t he news t hat t hey brought him, t hat he would be saved and his people would be dest royed.

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ ∇ノら͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや リ ∠ ョあ ノ∃ ∇トボ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ワほ∠よ͡ ゲ͡ ∇シほ∠プ∠ ぴ - ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ∠ョ∇ぽゎ⊥ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ツ∇ョや∠ヱ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇ろヘ͡ わ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ∀ネヲ⊥ト∇ボ∠ョ ￢͡ ∇Γぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ゲ∠ よ͡ や∠キ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ョΙ ｘやマ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡エら͡ ∇ダョぁ

, (65. "Then t ravel for a port ion of t he night wit h your family, and you go behind t hem in t he rear, and let no one amongst you look back, but go on t o where you are ordered.'') (66. And We made t his decree known t o him t hat t hose (sinners) would be root ed out in t he early morning.)

Lut is ordered to leave with His Family during the Night Allah t ells us t hat His angels ordered Lut t o set out aft er part of t he night had passed. They t old him t o walk behind t hem, t o prot ect t hem. Similarly, t he Messenger of Allah would walk in t he rear of t he army on milit ary campaigns, in order t o help t he weak and carry t hose who had no means of t ransport .

び∀ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇ろヘ͡ わ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and let no one amongst you look back,) meaning - when you hear t he people screaming from t heir t orment , do not t urn around t o look at t hem; leave t hem t o face what ever punishment and vengeance is coming t o t hem.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲョ∠ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ツ∇ョや∠ヱぴ (but go on t o where you are ordered.) - it is as if t hey had a guide wit h t hem t o show t hem t he way.

び∠ゲ∇ョΙ ｘやマ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We made t his decree known t o him) meaning - We already t old him about t hat .

び∠リΒ͡エら͡ ∇ダョぁ ∀ネヲ⊥ト∇ボ∠ョ ￢͡ ∇Γぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ゲ∠ よ͡ や∠キ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ぴ (t hat t hose (sinners) would be root ed out in t he early morning.) meaning in t he morning, as in anot her Ayah:

び∃ょΑ͡ゲボ∠ よ͡ ウ ⊥ ∇らぁダャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ ウ ⊥ ∇らぁダャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ∠ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Indeed, morning is t heir appoint ed t ime. Is not t he morning near) ぴ11:81び

￢͡ Γ⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ -ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゴ∇ガゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥エツ ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡ヘ∇Βッ ∠ ヴ͡ゎゅ∠レよ∠ ￢͡ Γ⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ マ ∠ ヰ∠ ∇レル∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ

∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ムシ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ヨバ∠ ャ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤバ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ラ͡ま びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ (67. And t he inhabit ant s of t he cit y came rej oicing.) (68. ぴLut び said: "Verily, t hese are my guest s, so do not shame me.'') (69. "And have Taqwa of Allah, and do not disgrace me.'') (70. They said: "Did we not forbid you from ent ert aining any of t he ` Alamin'') (71. ぴLut び said: "These are my daught ers, if you must act (so).'') (72. Verily, by your life, in t heir wild int oxicat ion, t hey were wandering blindly.)

The People of the City arrive upon the Angels, thinking that they are Men Allah t ells us about how Lut 's people came t o him when t hey f ound out about his handsome guest s, and t hey came happily rej oicing about t hem.

∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥エツ ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡ヘ∇Βッ ∠ ￢͡ Γ⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゴ∇ガゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや (ぴLut び said: "Verily, t hese are my guest s, so do not shame me. And have Taqwa of Allah, and do not disgrace me.'') This is what Lut said t o t hem before he knew t hat his guest s were messengers from Allah, as ment ioned in Surat Hud, but here (in t his Surah), we have already been t old t hat t hey are messengers from Allah, and t his is followed by an account of Lut 's people coming and his exchange wit h t hem. However, here t he conj unct ion (wa, meaning "and'') does not imply t he sequence of event s, especially since t here is somet hing t o indicat e t hat t his is not t he case. They said answering him,

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ マ ∠ ヰ∠ ∇レル∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Did we not forbid you from ent ert aining (or prot ect ing) any of t he ` Alamin) meaning, ` did we not t ell you t hat you should not have anyone as a guest ' He reminded t hem about t heir womenfolk and what t heir Lord had creat ed for t hem in t he women of permissible sexual relat ionships. This issue has already been explained and is no need t o repeat t he discussion here. All of t his happened while t hey were st ill unaware of t he inevit able calamit y and punishment t hat was about t o befall t hem t he following morning. Hence Allah, may He be exalt ed, said t o Muhammad ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ムシ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ヨバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Verily, by your life, in t heir wild int oxicat ion, t hey were wandering blindly.) Allah swore by t he life of His Prophet , which is an immense honor reflect ing his high rank and noble st at us. ` Amr bin Malik An-Nakari report ed from Abu Al-Jawza' t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "Allah has never

creat ed or made or formed any soul t hat is dearer t o him t han Muhammad . I never heard t hat Allah swore by t he life of anyone else. Allah says,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ムシ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ヨバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Verily, by your life, in t heir wild int oxicat ion, t hey were wandering blindly.) meaning, by your life and t he lengt h of your st ay in t his world,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ムシ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (in t heir wild int oxicat ion, t hey were wandering blindly.) This was report ed by Ibn Jarir. Qat adah said:

び∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ムシ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ぴ (in t heir wild int oxicat ion) "It means - in t heir misguided st at e;

び∠ラヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ぴ (t hey were wandering blindly) means - t hey were playing. '' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said:

び∠ポゲ⊥ ∇ヨバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Verily, by your life) means by your life, and

び∠ラヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ムシ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (in t heir wild int oxica- t ion, t hey were wandering blindly.) means t hat t hey were confused.''

ゅ∠ヰΒ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ハ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ホゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ る⊥ エ ∠ ∇Βｚダャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ ラ ｚ ま͡ - モ ∃ Βあイシ ͡ リあョ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠イェ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲ∠ト∇ョ∠ぺ∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠プ͡ ゅ∠シ - ユ∃ Β͡ボョぁ ∃モΒ͡ら∠ジ͡ら∠ャ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨシ あ ヲ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ る⇔ Α∠ Γ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ (73. So t he Sayhah overt ook t hem at t he t ime of sunrise.) (74. And We t urned t hem upside down and rained st ones of baked clay upon t hem.) (75. Surely, in t his are signs for t hose who

see.) (76. And verily, t hey were right on t he highroad.) (77. Surely, t here is indeed a sign in t hat for t he believers.)

The Destruction of the People of Lut Allah said;

び⊥るエ ∠ ∇Βダ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So t he Sayhah overt ook t hem) This is t he piercing sound t hat came t o t hem when t he sun rose, which was accompanied by t he cit y being flipped upside down, and st ones of baked clay (AsSij j il) raining down upon t hem. The discussion of As-Sij j il in Surah Hud is a sufficient explanat ion. Allah said:

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨシ あ ヲ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, in t his are signs for t hose who see.) meaning t hat t he t races of t he dest ruct ion of t hat cit y are easily visible t o any one who ponder about it , whet her t hey look at it wit h physical eyesight or ment al and spirit ual insight , as Muj ahid said concerning t he phrase,

び∠リΒ͡ヨシ あ ヲ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ぴ (t hose who see) he said, "t hose who have insight and discernment .'' It was report ed from Ibn ` Abbas and Ad-Dahhak t hat it referred t o t hose who look. Qat adah said: "t hose who learn lessons''.

び∠リΒ͡ヨシ あ ヲ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ぴ (t hose who see) t herefore t he meaning is "t hose who ponder''.

The City of Sodom on the Highroad

び ユ∃ Β͡ボョぁ モ ∃ Β͡らジ ∠ ら͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, t hey were right on t he highroad.) meaning t hat t he cit y of Sodom, which was physically and spirit ually t urned upside down, and pelt ed wit h st ones unt il it became a foul smelling lake (t he Dead Sea), is on a rout e t hat is easily accessible unt il t he present day. This is like t he Ayah,

Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡エら͡ ∇ダョぁ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲヨ⊥ わ∠ ャｚ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ (Verily, you pass by t hem in t he morning, and at night . Will you not t hen reflect ) (37:137-138).

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ る⇔ Α∠ Γ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, t here is indeed a sign in t hat for t he believers.) meaning, ` All t hat We did t o t he people of Lut , from t he dest ruct ion and t he vengeance, t o how We saved Lut and his family, t hese are clear signs t o t hose who believe in Allah and His Messengers.'

ゅ∠レ∇ヨボ∠ わ∠ ルゅ∠プ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ヌャ∠ る͡ ム∠ ∇ΑΙ ｘや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ∃ュゅ∠ョ͡み͡ら∠ャ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ (78. And t he Dwellers of Al-Aykah, were also wrongdoers.) (79. So, We t ook vengeance on t hem. They are bot h on an open rout e, plain t o see.)

The Destruction of the Dwellers of Al-Aykah, the People of Shu` ayb The Dwellers of Al-Aykah, were t he people of Shu` ayb. Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah and ot hers said t hat Al-Aykah refers t o int ert wined t rees. Their evildoing included associat ing part ners wit h Allah (Shirk), bandit ry and cheat ing in weight s and measures. Allah punished t hem wit h t he Sayhah (t he awful cry or t orment ), t he eart hquake, and t he t orment of t he Day of Shadow. They lived near t he people of Lut , but at a lat er t ime, and t he people of Lut were known t o t hem, which is why Allah says,

び∃リΒ͡らョぁ ュ∃ ゅ∠ョみ͡ら͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (They are bot h on an open rout e, plain t o see.) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak and ot hers said, "a visible rout e.'' This is why, when Shu` ayb warned his people, he said t o t hem,

び∃ギΒ͡バら∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ムレあョ ヅ ∃ ヲ⊥ャ ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t he people of Lut are not far off from you!) ぴ11:89び

- リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇イエ ͡ ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ッゲ͡ ∇バョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムプ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥Βよ⊥ メ ͡ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わエ ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ べ∠ヨプ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡エら͡ ∇ダョ⊥ る⊥ エ ∠ ∇Βダ ｚ ャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ (80. And verily, t he Dwellers of Al-Hij r denied t he Messengers.) (81. And We gave t hem Our signs, but t hey were averse t o t hem.) (82. And t hey used t o hew out dwellings from t he mount ains, (feeling) secure.) (83. But t he Sayhah (t orment - awful cry) overt ook t hem in t he early morning.) (84. And all t hat t hey used t o earn availed t hem not .)

The Destruction of the Dwellers of Al-Hijr, Who are the People called Thamud The Dwellers of t he Al Hij r were t he people of Thamud who rej ect ed t heir Prophet , Salih. Whoever denies even one Messenger, t hen he has disbelieved in all of t he Messengers, t hus t hey are described as rej ect ing "t he Messengers''. Allah t ells us t hat he (Salih) brought t hem signs t o prove t hat what he was t elling t hem was t rue, such as t he she-camel which Allah creat ed for t hem out of a solid rock in response t o t he supplicat ion of Salih. This she-camel was grazing on t heir lands, and t he people and t he camel t ook wat er on alt ernat e days t hat were well-known. When t hey rebelled and killed it , he said t o t hem,

ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∀ギ∇ハ∠ヱ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る∠ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ や∠キ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ ぴ び∃ゆヱ⊥グ∇ムョ∠ ("Enj oy yourselves in your homes for t hree days. This is a promise which will not be belied.'') ぴ11:65び Allah said:

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠ヨバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲぁらエ ∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ヰ∠ プ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや (And as for Thamud, We showed t hem and made t he pat h of t rut h clear but t hey preferred blindness t o guidance.) ぴ41:17び Allah t ells us t hat ,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥Βよ⊥ メ ͡ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わエ ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey used t o hew out dwellings from t he mount ains, (feeling) secure. ) meaning, t hey were wit hout fear and t hey had no real need for t hose houses; it was merely a form of ext ravagance and work wit hout a purpose. This could be seen from t heir work in t he houses in

t he Al-Hij r t hrough which t he Messenger of Allah passed on his way t o Tabuk. He covered his head and urged his camel t o go fast er, saying t o his Companions:

やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ム∠ゎ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ リ ∠ Β͡よグｚ バ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや れ ∠ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» ∇ユム⊥ ら∠ Β͡ダΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ る∠ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ やヲ⊥ミゅ∠ら∠わ∠プ やヲ⊥ム∇らゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡ミゅ∠よ «ユ⊥ヰよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ (Do not ent er t he dwellings of t hose who were punished unless you are weeping, and if you do not weep t hen make yourself weep out of fear t hat perhaps what st ruck t hem may also st rike you.)

びリ ∠ Β͡エら͡ ∇ダョ⊥ る⊥ エ ∠ ∇Βｚダャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (But t he Sayhah (t orment - awful cry) overt ook t hem in t he early morning.) meaning in t he morning of t he fourt h day.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ べ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (And all t hat t hey used t o earn availed t hem not .) meaning all of t he benefit s t hat t hey used t o gain from t heir crops and fruit s, and t he wat er which t hey did not want t o share wit h t he shecamel t hat t hey killed so t hat it would not reduce t heir share of t he wat er - all of t hat wealt h would not prot ect t hem or help t hem when t he command of t heir Lord came t o pass.

Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ モ ∠ Β͡ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや ウ ∠ ∇ヘダ ｚ ャや ウ ͡ ヘ∠ ∇タゅ∠プ る∀ Β∠ ゎ͡ Γ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ び び ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ペ ⊥ ⇒ｚヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (85. And We did not creat e t he heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is bet ween t hem except wit h t he t rut h, and t he Hour is surely coming, so overlook t heir fault s wit h gracious forgiveness.) (86. Verily, your Lord is t he Knowing Creat or.)

The World has been created for some Purpose, then the Hour will come Allah says,

Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∀るΒ∠ ゎ͡ Γ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (And We did not creat e t he heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is bet ween t hem except wit h t he t rut h, and t he Hour is surely coming), i.e., wit h j ust ice t o -

び∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥￢ゅ∠シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン ∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ (requit e t hose who do evil wit h t hat which t hey have done) ぴ53:31び Allah says,

Κ ⇔ ト ͡ ⇒∠よ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ モ ∀ ∇Αヲ∠ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ぁニ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ び ケ͡ ゅｚレャや (And We did not creat e t he heaven and t he eart h, and all t hat is bet ween t hem wit hout purpose! That is what t hose who disbelieve t hink! Then let t hose who disbelieve be warned of t he Fire!)(38:27)

Ι ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ん∠らハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ ͡エ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや マ ⊥ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ヤ⇒∠バわ∠ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ び ユ͡ Α͡ゲム∠ ∇ャや ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ("Did you t hink t hat We creat ed you in play, and t hat you would not be brought back t o Us'' So exalt ed be Allah, t he Trut h, t he King, none has t he right t o be worshipped but He, t he Lord of t he Honored Throne!)(23:115-116). Then Allah informed His Prophet about t he Hour, and t hat it will be t he fault s of t he idolat ors when t hey insult him and rej ect t he Message t hat he brings t o t hem. This is like t he Ayah,

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ウヘ∠ ∇タゅ∠プぴ (So t urn away from t hem, and say: "Salam (Peace!).'' But t hey will come t o know) (43:89). Muj ahid, Qat adah and ot hers said: "This was before fight ing was prescribed''. It is as t hey said, because t his Surah was revealed in Makkah and fight ing was prescribed aft er t he Hij rah.

び ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ペ ⊥ ⇒ｚヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ

(Verily, your Lord is t he Knowing Creat or)(15:86). This is a confirmat ion of t he Day of Resurrect ion and t hat Allah, may He be exalt ed, is able t o bring t he Hour t o pass. He is t he Creat or and not hing is beyond Him. He is t he Knowing, Who knows what has been dispersed from people's bodies and scat t ered t hroughout t he regions of t he eart h, as He says:

ケ∃ ギ͡ ⇒∠ボよ͡ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャ∠や ザ ∠ ∇Β⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ペ ⊥ ⇒ヤｚガ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ユ⊥ヰヤ∠∇んョ͡ ペ ∠ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ -ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ リ⊥ミ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムヤ∠ョ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ン͡グャｚや リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らジ ⊥ プ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ (Is not He, Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h able t o creat e t he like of t hem Yes, indeed! He is t he Knowing, Creat or. Verily, His command, when He int ends a t hing, is only t hat He says t o it , "Be!'' - and it is! So glorified and exalt ed is He above all t hat t hey associat e wit h Him, and in whose Hands is t he dominion of all t hings, and t o Him you shall ret urn.)(36:81-83).

ユ∠ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヶ͡ルゅ∠んヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔バ∇らシ ∠ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ゅ⇔ィや∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇バわｚ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ ∇Βレ∠ ∇Βハ ∠ ラ ｚ ギｚ ヨ⊥ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ マ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ∠ ∇ヂヘ͡ ∇カや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ラゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ (87. And indeed, We have best owed upon you seven of t he Mat hani, and t he Grand Qur'an.) (88. Look not wit h your eyes ambit iously at what We have given t o cert ain classes of t hem, nor grieve over t hem. And lower your wings t o t he believers.)

A Reminder of the Blessing of the Qur'an and the Command to focus on its Message Allah is saying t o His Prophet : Since We have given you t he Grand Qur'an, t hen do not look at t his world and it s at t ract ions, or t he t ransient delight s t hat we have given t o it s people in order t o t est t hem. Do not envy what t hey have in t his world, and do not upset yourself wit h regret for t heir rej ect ion of you and t heir opposit ion t o your religion.

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ∠ ∇ヂヘ͡ ∇カや∠ヱぴ (And lower your wings t o t he believers who follow you) (26:215) meaning - be gent le wit h t hem, like t he Ayah,

ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ケ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ゾΑ͡ゲェ ∠ ∇ユわぁ レ͡ ハ ∠ (Verily, t here has come unt o you a Messenger from among yourselves. It grieves him t hat you should receive any inj ury or difficult y. He is anxious for you, for t he believers - he is full of pit y, kind and merciful)(9:128). There were some differences among t he scholars over t he meaning of "seven of t he Mat hani''. Ibn Mas` ud, Ibn ` Umar, Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Ad-Dahhak and ot hers said t hat t hey are t he seven long (Surahs), meaning Al-Baqarah, Al- ` Imran, An-Nisa', Al-Ma'idah, Al-An` am, Al-A` raf and Yunus. There are t ext s t o t his effect report ed from Ibn ` Abbas and Sa` id bin Jubayr. Sa` id said: "In t hem, Allah explains t he obligat ions, t he Hudud (legal limit s), st ories and rulings.'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "He explains t he parables, st ories and lessons.'' The second opinion is t hat t hey (t he seven of t he Mat hani) are Al-Fat ihah, which is composed of seven Ayat . This was report ed from ` Ali, ` Umar, Ibn Mas` ud and Ibn ` Abbas. Ibn ` Abbas said: "The Bismillah, is complet ing seven Ayah, which Allah has given exclusively t o you (Muslims).'' This is also t he opinion of Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, ` Abdullah bin ` Umayr, Ibn Abi Mulaykah, Shahr bin Hawshab, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and Muj ahid. Al-Bukhari, may Allah have mercy on him, recorded t wo Hadit hs on t his t opic. (The first ) was recorded from Abu Sa` id bin Al-Mu` alla, who said: "The Prophet passed by me while I was praying. He called out for me but I did not come unt il I finished my prayer. Then I came t o him, and He asked,

«∨ヶ͡レΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ マ ∠ バ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (What st opped you from coming t o me) I said, ` I was praying'. He said,

yas hallA ton diD`) ぶ ⊥ やモ ͡ ボ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠» や∠クま͡ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ヤ͡ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇シや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ハキ∠ (O you who believe! Answer Allah (by obeying Him) and (His) Messenger when he calls you...) ぴ8:24び

ァ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇カぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ラ ͡ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ り∃ ケ∠ ヲ⊥シ ユ∠ ヌ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ マ ∠ ヨ⊥ あヤハ ∠ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ «ギ͡イ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ (Shall I not t each you t he most magnificent Surah before I leave t he Masj id) Then t he Prophet went t o leave t he Masj id, and I reminded him, so he said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒バ∠ ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ ("Al-Hamdu Lillahi Rabbil-'Alamin ぴAll praises and t hanks be t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist sび)(1:2).

«ヮ⊥わΒ͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ ヵ͡グャｚや ラ ⊥ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヶ͡ルゅ∠んヨ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ∇らｚジャや ヶ ∠ ワ͡ (This is t he seven of t he Mat hani and t he Qur'an which I have been given.)'' (The second Hadit h) was report ed from Abu Hurayrah who said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

«ユΒ͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ⊥ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヶ͡ルゅ∠んヨ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ∇らｚジャや ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ラ ͡ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ぁュぺ⊥» (Umm Al-Qur'an (t he Mot her or t he Essence of t he Qur'an,) is t he seven Mat hani, and t he Grand Qur'an.) This means t hat Al-Fat ihah is t he seven Mat hani and t he Grand Qur'an, but t his does not cont radict t he st at ement t hat t he seven Mat hani are t he seven long Surahs, because t hey also share t hese at t ribut es, as does t he whole Qur'an. As Allah says,

び∠ヶル͡ ゅ∠んョｚ ゅ⇔ヰ͡ら⇒∠ゼわ∠ ョぁ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ゑ ͡ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (Allah has sent down t he best st at ement , a Book (t his Qur'an), it s part s resembling each ot her in goodness and t rut h, oft -recit ed) (39:23). So it is oft -recit ed in one way, and it s part s resemble one anot her in anot her way, and t his is also t he Grand Qur'an.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ゅ⇔ィや∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇バわｚ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ ∇Βレ∠ ∇Βハ ∠ ラ ｚ ギｚ ヨ⊥ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ぴ (Look not wit h your eyes ambit iously at what We have given t o cert ain classes of t hem) ぴ20: 131び meaning, be cont ent wit h t he Grand Qur'an t hat Allah has given t o you, and do not long for t he luxuries and t ransient delight s t hat t hey have.

び∠マ∇Βレ∠ ∇Βハ ∠ ラ ｚ ギｚ ヨ⊥ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ぴ (Look not wit h your eyes ambit iously) Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "He ぴin t his Ayahび forbade a man t o wish for what his companion has.''

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ゅ⇔ィや∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇バわｚ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (at what We have given t o cert ain classes of t hem,) Muj ahid said: "This refers t o t he rich.''

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠ヨミ∠ - リ ⊥ Β͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Α͡グレｚャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ヴあルま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ - リ ∠ Β͡ツハ ͡ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - リ ∠ Β͡ヨジ ͡ わ∠ ∇ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚヨハ ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚヤ∠⇒∠∇ジレ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ (89. And say (O Muhammad): "I am indeed a plain warner.'') (90. As We have sent down on t he Muqt asimin (conspiring confederat es),) (91. Who have made t he Qur'an int o part s.) (92. So, by your Lord, We shall cert ainly call all of t hem t o account .) (93. For all t hat t hey used t o do.)

The Messenger is a Plain Warner Allah commanded His Prophet t o t ell t he people:

び⊥リΒ͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Α͡グレｚ ャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ヴあル͡まぴ (I am indeed a plain warner) coming t o warn t he people of a severe punishment t hat t hey will suffer if t hey rej ect him, as happened t o t hose nat ions before t hem who disbelieved in t heir Messengers, upon whom Allah sent His punishment and vengeance. In t he t wo Sahihs it is report ed from Abu Musa t hat t he Prophet said:

モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ヶ͡レん∠ バ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ヤ∠ん∠ョ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡» ∩ｚヶレ∠ ∇Βバ∠ よ͡ ズ ∠ ∇Βイ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヶあルま͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ヮ∠ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∠ハゅ∠デ∠ほ∠プ ∩∠￢ゅ∠イレｚ ャや ￢∠ ゅ∠イレｚ ャゅ∠プ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠Α∇ゲバ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Α͡グレｚ ャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇ヰョ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥ボヤ∠ト ∠ ∇ルや∠ヱ やヲ⊥イャ∠∇キほ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇リョ͡ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ ゅ∠デ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ ゅ∠デ ヮ⊥ よ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ∩や∇ヲイ ∠ レ∠ プ∠ モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ェ ∠ ゅ∠わ∇ィや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ム∠ ヤ∠∇ワほ∠プ∠ ズ ⊥ ∇Βイ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ エ ∠ らｚ ダ ∠ プ∠ ∇リョ∠ モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ゅ∠ョ ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ヶ͡レハ ∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ «ペ∠エ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ゅ∠ョ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ルゅ∠ダハ ∠ (The parable of myself and t hat wit h which Allah has sent me is t hat of a man who came t o his people and said, ` O people! I have seen t he ぴinvadingび army wit h my own eyes, and I am a

naked warner, so escape, escape!' Some of his people obeyed him and set out at night fall, set t ing off at a slow pace and managing t o escape. Ot hers did not believe him and st ayed where t hey were unt il t he next morning when t he ぴinvadingび army overt ook t hem and dest royed t hem, wiping t hem out . This is t he parable of t he one who obeys me and follows what I have brought , and t he example of t he one who disobeys me and rej ect s t he t rut h t hat I have brought .)

Explanation of "Al-Muqtasimin

び∠リΒ͡ヨジ ͡ わ∠ ∇ボヨ⊥ ∇ャやぴ (t he Muqt asimin) refers t o t hose who had made a pact t o oppose, deny, and insult t he Prophet s. Similarly, Allah t ells us about t he people of Salih:

び⊥ヮヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レｚ わ∠ Βあ ら∠ レ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨシ ∠ ゅ∠ボゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said, "Swear t o one anot her ぴTaqasamuび by Allah t hat we shall make a secret night at t ack on him and his household'') ぴ27:49び i.e., t hey plot t ed t o kill him at night . Muj ahid said "Taqasamu means t hey swore an oat h.''

リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ギ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥れヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ (And t hey swear by Allah wit h t heir st rongest oat hs, t hat Allah will not raise up one who dies)(16:38).

び⊥モ∇らホ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ((It will be said): "Did you not before swear t hat you would not leave (t he world for t he Hereaft er)) (14:44)

び∃るヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠レΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワぺ∠ぴ (Are t hey t hose, of whom you swore t hat Allah would never show t hem mercy)ぴ7:49び It is as if t hey t ook an oat h for every single t hing t hat t hey denied in t his world, so t hey are called t he Muqt asimin.

びリ ∠ Β͡ツハ ͡ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ

(Who have made t he Qur'an int o part s.) meaning, t hey have split up t he Books t hat were revealed t o t hem, believing in part s of t hem and rej ect ing part s of t hem. Al-Bukhari report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

び∠リΒ͡ツハ ͡ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ぴ (Who have made t he Qur'an int o part s.) "They are t he People of t he Book, who divided t he Book int o part s, believing in some of it , and rej ect ing some of it .'' Some have said t hat AlMut aqasimin refers t o t he Quraysh, t hat t he Qur'an means t his Qur'an ぴas opposed t o t he Script ures of t he People of t he Bookび, and t hat "made it int o part s'' referred t o what ` At a' said t hat some of t hem said t hat he (t he Prophet ) was a sorcerer, some said he was crazy, or a soot hsayer. These various allegat ions were t he part s. This opinion was also report ed from AdDahhak and ot hers. Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat Al-Walid bin AlMughirah - holding a noble posit ion among t he people - rallied a group of Quraysh behind him when Al-Mawsim (t he t ime for pilgrims t o meet in Makkah for Haj j ) had come. He said t o t hem, "O people of Quraysh! The t ime of Al-Mawsim has come, and delegat ions of Arabs will come t o you during t his t ime. They will have heard some t hings about t his companion of yours (meaning t he Prophet ), so agree on one opinion, let t here be no cont radict ing or denials of each ot her's sayings''. They said, "And you, O Abu ` Abd Shams, give us an opinion and we will say t hat .'' He said, "No, you make t he suggest ions and I will list en.'' They said, "We say he is a soot hsayer.'' He said, "He is not a soot hsayer.'' They said, "We say he is crazy.'' He said, "He is not crazy.'' They said, "We say he is a poet .'' He said, "He is not a poet .'' They said, "We say he is a sorcerer.'' He said, "He is not a sorcerer.'' They said, "So what should we say'' He said, "By Allah, what he says is as palat able ぴt o t he average personび as somet hing sweet , so you cannot say anyt hing against it wit hout it being obviously false. Therefore t he most appropriat e t hing you can say is t hat he is a sorcerer.'' So t hey left having agreed upon t hat , and Allah revealed concerning t hem:

びリ ∠ Β͡ツハ ͡ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Who have made t he Qur'an int o part s.) meaning, of different t ypes, and

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚヨハ ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ヤ∠⇒∠∇ジレ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, by your Lord, We shall cert ainly call all of t hem t o account . For all t hat t hey used t o do) Those were t he group who said t hat about t he Messenger of Allah .''

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚヨハ ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ヤ∠⇒∠∇ジレ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, by your Lord, We shall cert ainly call all of t hem t o account . For all t hat t hey used t o do.) Abu Ja` far report ed from Ar-Rabi` t hat Abu Al-` Aliyah said, "All t he people will be asked about t wo t hings on t he Day of Resurrect ion: what t hey used t o worship, and what t heir response was t o t he Messengers.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah repor- t ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚヨハ ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ヤ∠⇒∠∇ジレ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, by your Lord, We shall cert ainly call all of t hem t o account . For all t hat t hey used t o do.) t hen he said:

びラ ｘ べ∠ィ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ザル͡ま ヮ͡ ら͡ ル∠ク リ∠ハ モ ⊥ ⇒∠∇ジΑ⊥ Ι ｚ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So on t hat Day no quest ion will be asked of man or Jinn as t o his sin) (55:39). He said, "They will not be asked, ` Did you do such and such' Because Allah knows bet t er t han t hey do about t hat . But He will say, ` Why did you do such and such'''

-リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ネギ∠ ∇タゅ∠プぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - リ ∠ Α͡￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇Βヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚル͡ま マ ∠ ルｚ ぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒ャ͡ま マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ウらあ ジ ∠ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ポ ∠ ケ⊥ ∇ギタ ∠ ペ ⊥ Β͡ツΑ∠ マ ∠ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ∇ギら⊥ ∇ハや∠ヱ - リ ∠ Α͡ギイ ͡ ⇒ｚジャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇リミ⊥ ヱ∠ びリ ⊥ Β͡ボΒ∠ ∇ャや (94. Therefore openly proclaim what you have been commanded, and t urn away from t he idolat ors.) (95. Truly, We will suffice you against t he mockers,) (96. Who make anot her god along wit h Allah; but t hey will come t o know.) (97. Indeed, We know t hat your breast becomes t ight because of what t hey say. ) (98. So glorif y t he praises of your Lord and be of t hose who prost rat e t hemselves (t o Him).) (99. And worship your Lord unt il t he cert aint y (i.e. deat h) comes t o you.)

The Command to proclaim the Truth openly Allah commanded His Messenger t o convey what He sent him wit h, t o proclaim and spread t he Message, which means confront ing t he idolat ors wit h it . Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah,

び⊥ゲョ∠ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ネギ∠ ∇タゅ∠プぴ (Therefore openly proclaim t hat what you have been commanded,) means, "Go ahead wit h it .'' According t o anot her report it means, (∇モバ∠ ∇プや ゅ∠ョ ゲ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ) "Therefore proclaim t hat which you commanded.'' Muj ahid said, "It is recit ing t he Qur'an aloud during prayer.'' Abu ` Ubaydah report ed t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "The Prophet was st ill pract icing and preaching Islam secret ly unt il t his Ayah was revealed:

び⊥ゲョ∠ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ネギ∠ ∇タゅ∠プぴ (Therefore openly proclaim t hat which you are commanded) t hen he and his Companions came out int o t he open.''

The Command to turn away from the Idolators, and the Guarantee of Protection against the Mockers Allah's st at ement ,

リ ∠ Α͡￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇Βヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚルみ͡レ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び (and t urn away from idolat ors. Truly, We will suffice you against t he mockers.) meaning convey t hat which has been revealed t o you by your Lord, and do not pay at t ent ion t o t he idolat ors who want t o t urn you away from t he signs of Allah.

びラ ∠ ヲレ⊥ ワ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ プ∠ リ ⊥ ワ͡ ∇ギゎ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱぁキヱ∠ ぴ (They wish t hat you should compromise for t hem, so t hat t hey would compromise for you) (68:9). Do not fear t hem because Allah will suffice you against t hem, and He will prot ect you from t hem. This is like t he Ayah:

ラ͡まヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョ ∇ヒヤあよ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ヨ⊥ ダ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠シケ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ピヤｚよ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ び͡サゅｚレャや (O Messenger! Proclaim t hat which has been revealed t o you from your Lord. And if you do not do it , t hen you have not conveyed His Message. Allah will prot ect you from mankind.) ぴ5:67び Muhammad bin Ishaq said: "The great ones of t he mockers were five people, who were elders and noblemen among t heir people. From Bani Asad bin ` Abd Al-` Uzza bin Qusayy t here was AlAswad bin Al-Mut t alib Abu Zam` ah. According t o what I heard, t he Messenger of Allah () had supplicat ed against him because of t he pain and mockery he had suffered at his hands. He had said,

«ロ∠ギャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ヤム͡ ∇をぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ロゲ∠ ダ ∠ よ∠ ∇ユハ ͡ ぺ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» (O Allah, make him blind and t ake (t he life of ) his son.) From Bani Zahrah t here was Al-Aswad bin ` Abd Yaghut h bin Wahb bin ` Abd Manaf bin Zahrah. From Bani Makhzum t here was Al-Walid bin Al-Mughirah bin ` Abdullah bin ` Umar bin Makhzum. From Bani Sahm bin ` Amr bin Husays bin Ka` b bin Lu'ayy t here was Al-` As bin Wa'il bin Hisham bin Sa` id bin Sa` d. From Khuza` ah t here was Al-Harit h bin At -Talat ilah bin ` Amr bin Al-Harit h bin ` Abd ` Amr bin Malkan. When t heir evil went t o ext remes and t heir mockery of t he Messenger of Allah went t oo far, Allah revealed:

-リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ネギ∠ ∇タゅ∠プぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - リ ∠ Α͡￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇Βヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚル͡ま び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒ャ͡ま (Therefore openly proclaim t hat which you are commanded, and t urn away from t he idolat ors. Truly, We will suffice you against t he mockers, who make anot her god along wit h Allah; but t hey will come t o know.) Ibn Ishaq said: Yazid bin Ruman t old me t hat ` Urwah bin Az-Zubayr or one of t he ot her scholars said t hat Jibril came t o t he Messenger of Allah when he was performing Tawaf around t he House (t he Ka` bah). He st ood and t he Messenger of Allah st ood next t o him. Al-Aswad Ibn Al-Mut alib passed by, and he t hrew a green leaf in his face, and he became blind. Al-Aswad bin ` Abd Yaghut h passed by, and he point ed t o his st omach, which swelled up and he died (of dropsy). Al-Walid bin Al-Mughirah passed by, and he point ed at a wound on lower of his ankle, which he got t wo years earlier when He once was t railing his garment and he passed by a man who was feat hering his arrows. One of t he arrows got caught in his garment and scrat ched his foot . It was an insignificant wound, but now it opened again and he died of it . Al-` As bin Wa'il passed by, and he point ed t o t he inst ep of his foot . He (Al` As) set off on his donkey, heading for At -Ta'if. He rest ed by a t horny t ree, a t horn pierced his foot and he died from it . Al-Harit h bin At -Talat ilah passed by and he point ed at his head. It filled wit h pus and killed him.''

フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒ャ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α (Who make anot her god along wit h Allah; but t hey will come t o know.) This is a st rong warning and grave t hreat against t hose who have ot her deit ies along wit h Allah.

Encouragement to bear Difficulties, and the Command to glorify and worship Allah until Death Allah said,

- ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ポ ∠ ケ⊥ ∇ギタ ∠ ペ ⊥ Β͡ツΑ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ギイ ͡ ⇒ｚジャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇リミ⊥ ヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ウらあ ジ ∠ プ∠ (Indeed, We know t hat your breast becomes t ight because of what t hey say. So glorify t he praises of your Lord and be of t hose who prost rat e t hemselves (t o Him).) meaning ` We know, O Muhammad, t hat you are dist ressed by t heir insult s t owards you, but do not let t hat weaken your resolve or cause you t o give up conveying t he Message of Allah. Put your t rust in Him, for He will suffice you and will support you against t hem. Keep yourself busy wit h remembering

Allah, praising Him, glorifying Him, and worshipping Him (which means Salah, or prayer)' Hence Allah says:

びリ ∠ Α͡ギイ ͡ ⇒ｚジャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇リミ⊥ ヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ウらあ ジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So glorify t he praises of your Lord and be of t hose who prost rat e t hemselves (t o Him)) Imam Ahmad report ed from Nu` aym bin Hammar t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah say:

ノ͡ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ゴイ ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ∠ ∇よや ゅ∠Α ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ» «ロ∠ゲカ ͡ へマ ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ミぺ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや メ ͡ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∃れゅ∠バ∠ミ∠ケ (Allah said, "O son of Adam! It is not t oo difficult for you t o perform four Rak'at at t he beginning of t he day, (and if you do t hem,) I will t ake care of you unt il t he end of it .'')

びリ ⊥ Β͡ボΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ∇ギら⊥ ∇ハや∠ヱぴ (And worship your Lord unt il t he cert aint y comes t o you) (15: 99). Al-Bukhari said: "Salim said, ` (This means) deat h.''' This Salim is Salim bin ` Abdullah bin ` Umar. Ibn Jarir also recorded from Salim bin ` Abdullah,

びリ ⊥ Β͡ボΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ∇ギら⊥ ∇ハや∠ヱぴ (And worship your Lord unt il t he Yaqin comes t o you.) He said, "Deat h.'' It is report ed in t he Sahih from Umm Al-` Ala'- one of t he women of t he Ansar - t hat when t he Messenger of Allah ent ered upon ` Ut hman bin Maz` un aft er he had died, Umm Al-` Ala' said, "May t he mercy of Allah be upon you, Abu As-Sa` ib. My t est imony over you is t hat Allah has honored you.'' The Messenger of Allah said,

«∨⊥ヮョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ Α͡ケ∇ギΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ » (How do you know t hat Allah has honored him) I said, "May my fat her and mot her be sacrificed for you, O Messenger of Allah! If not him, t hen who else'' He said,

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケほ∠ャ∠ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ ∩⊥リΒ͡ボΒ∠ ∇ャや ロ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅｚョぺ∠» «ゲ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや (As far as he is concerned, t he deat h has come t o him, and I hope for good for him.) This is evidence t hat t he meaning of t his Ayah,

びリ ⊥ Β͡ボΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ∇ギら⊥ ∇ハや∠ヱぴ (And worship your Lord unt il t he cert aint y comes t o you.) is t hat act s of worship, such as prayer and t he like, are obligat ory on man so long as his mind is sound, so he should pray according t o his best abilit y. It was report ed in Sahih Al-Bukhari from ` Imran bin Husayn t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

∇ユャ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩や⇔ギハ ͡ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∇ノト ͡ わ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ヨも͡ ゅ∠ホ モ あタ ∠ » «ょ∇レィ ∠ ヴ∠ヤバ∠ プ∠ ∇ノト ͡ わ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ (Pray st anding, and if you cannot , t hen sit t ing, and if you cannot , t hen on your side.) From t his we may underst and t hat it is a mist ake t o int erpret Yaqin (t he cert aint y) as Ma` rifah ("spirit ual knowing'') as some of t he Sufis do. According t o t hem, when one of t hem at t ains t he level of Ma` rifah, t hey consider him t o be free of t hese obligat ions. This is disbelief, misguidance and ignorance. The Prophet s - peace be upon t hem - and t heir companions, were t he most knowledgeable of people about Allah, about His right s, His at t ribut es, and t he glorificat ion t hat He deserves. But at t he same t ime, t hey were t he people who worshipped Him t he most , cont inuing in good deeds unt il t he t ime t hey died. Therefore, what is meant by Yaqin here is deat h, as we have st at ed above. To Allah be praise and t hanks. Praise be t o Allah for His guidance. It is t o Him t hat we t urn for help and it is in Him t hat we put our t rust . He is t he One Whom we ask t o help us t o reach t he best of circumst ances, for He is t he Most Generous and Kind. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Hij r. Praise be t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s.

The Tafsir of Surat An-Nahl (Chapter - 16) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ゅｚヨ∠ハ ヴ∠ヤ⇒∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∠ぺぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ (1. The Event ordained by Allah has indeed come, so do not seek t o hast en it . Glorified and Exalt ed be He above all t hat t hey associat e as part ners wit h Him.)

Warning about the approach of the Hour

Allah is informing about t he approach of t he Hour in t he past t ense ぴin Arabicび in order t o confirm t hat it will undoubt edly come t o pass. This is like t he following Ayat , in which t he verbs appear in t he past t ense in Arabic:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョぁ る∃ ヤ∠∇ヘビ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ ⇒∠ジェ ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホやぴ び (Mankind's reckoning has drawn near t hem, while t hey t urn away in heedlessness.)ぴ21:1び

び ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ペ ｚゼ ∠ ルや∠ヱ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ろ ͡ よ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホやぴ (The Hour has drawn near, and t he moon has been cleft .) ぴ54:1び

び⊥ロヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so do not seek t o hast en it .) means, what was far is now near, so do not t ry t o rush it . As Allah said,

ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∀ィ ∠ ぺ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ͡イ∇バ∠わ∇ジ∠Α∠ヱぴ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠イャｚ ∀るト ∠ Β͡エヨ⊥ ャ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャゅ͡よ (And t hey ask you t o hast en t he t orment (for t hem), and had it not been for a t erm appoint ed, t he t orment would cert ainly have come t o t hem. And surely, it will come upon t hem suddenly while t hey are unaware! They ask you t o hast en on t he t orment . And verily! Hell, of a suret y, will encompass t he disbelievers) (29:53-54). Ibn Abi Hat im report ed from ` Uqbah bin ` Amir t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

リ ∠ ョ͡ ￢⊥ や∠キ∇ヲシ ∠ ∀る∠よゅ∠エ∠シ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ノ⊥ ヤ⊥∇トゎ∠ » ヶ͡プ ノ⊥ ヘ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ メ ⊥ や∠ゴゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ ∩͡サ∇ゲわぁ ャや モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ゆ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ボΒ⊥ プ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャやゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ゅ∠Α :ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ キ∃ ゅ∠レョ⊥ ヵ͡キゅ∠レΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ∩∇ユわ⊥ ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇モワ∠ :ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや

ヵ͡キゅ∠レΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩ぁマゼ ⊥ Α∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ゅ∠Α :る∠ Β∠ ル͡ ゅｚんャや ヵ͡キゅレ∠ Α⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユわ⊥ ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇モワ∠ :ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ ャ͡ «ロヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ぶ ͡ や ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ゅ∠Α :る∠ ん∠ ャ͡ゅｚんャや (When t he Hour approaches, a black cloud resembling a shield will emerge upon from t he west . It will cont inue rising in t he sky, t hen a voice will call out , ` O mankind!' The people will say t o one anot her, ` Did you hear t hat ' Some will say, ` yes', but ot hers will doubt it . Then a second call will come, ` O mankind!' The people will say t o one anot her, ` Did you hear t hat ' And t hey will say, ` Yes.' Then a t hird call will come, ` O mankind!' The Event ordained by Allah has indeed come, so do not seek t o hast en it .') The Messenger of Allah said:

ラ ͡ や∠ゲゼ ⊥ ∇レΒ∠ ャ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ヲ∠ プ∠ » ラ ｚ ギｚ ヨ⊥ ∠Β∠ャ モ ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠Αヲ͡ ∇トΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∠ゆヲｚんャや モ ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ヶ͡ボ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ ヮ⊥ ッ ∠ ∇ヲェ ∠ «サゅｚレャや モ ⊥ ピ͡ わ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ル ょ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇エΒ∠ ャ∠ (By t he One in Whose Hand is my soul, t wo men will spread out a clot h, but will never refold it ; a man will prepare his t rough, but will never wat er his animals from it ; and a man will milk his camel, but will never drink t he milk.'' Then he said, "The people will be dist ract ed.'') Then Allah t ells us t hat He is free from t heir allegat ions of part ners t o t heir worship of idols, and making equals for Him. Glorified and exalt ed be He far above t hat . These are t he people who deny t he Hour, so He says:

び∠ラヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ (Glorified and Exalt ed be He above all t hat t hey associat e as part ners wit h Him. )

￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゥ ͡ ヱぁゲ∇ャゅ͡よ る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ぴ びラ ͡ ヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ Ι ∠ ま͡ ∠ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ケグ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ (2. He sends down t he angels wit h t he Ruh (revelat ion) of His command t o t hose servant s of His whom He wills (saying): "Warn mankind t hat none has t he right t o be worshipped but I, so have Taqwa of Me.'')

Allah sends Whomever He wills with the Message of Tawhid

び͡ゥヱぁゲ∇ャゅ͡よ る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (He sends down t he angels wit h t he Ruh) refers t o t he revelat ion. This is like t he Ayat :

ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョあ ゅ⇔ェヱ⊥ケ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ ン͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ びゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼルｚ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰルｚ (And t hus We have sent t o you a Ruh (revelat ion) by Our command. You knew not what is t he Book, nor what is t he fait h. But We have made it a light by which We guide whomever We will among Our servant s.) ぴ43:52び

び͡ロキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (t o t hose servant s of His whom He wills) meaning t he Prophet s, as Allah says:

び⊥ヮ∠わ∠ャゅ∠シ͡ケ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (Allah best knows where t o place His Message.) ぴ6:124び

び͡サゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔シ ⊥ ケ⊥ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡ヘト ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (Allah chooses Messengers from angels and from men.) ぴ22:75び

∇リョ͡ ゥ ∠ ヱぁゲャや ヴ͡ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ヱ⊥ク ろ ͡ ⇒∠ィケ∠ ギｚ ャや ノ⊥ Β͡プケ∠ ぴ ベ ͡Κ ∠ わｚ ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥Βャ͡ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠ヘ∇ガΑ∠ Ι ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥コゲ͡ ⇒∠よ ユ⊥ワ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ び ケ͡ ゅｚヰボ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャあ (He sends t he Ruh (revelat ion) by His command t o whoever among His servant s He wills t o, t hat he may warn of t he Day of Meet ing. The Day when t hey will (all) come out , not hing about t hem

will be hidden from Allah. Whose is t he kingdom t his Day: It is Allah's, t he One, t he Irresist ible!) (40:15-16)

び∇やヱ⊥ケグ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ぴ ((saying): "Warn...'') meaning t hat t hey should alert t hem.

び͡ラヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ Ι ∠ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ぴ (t hat none has t he right t o be worshipped but I, so have Taqwa of Me.) means, ` fear My punishment , if you go against My commands and worship anyt hing ot her t han Me.'

ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ⇒∠バゎ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ぴ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ る∃ ヘ∠ ∇トルぁ リ͡ョ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡や ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ユΒ͡ダ∠カ (3. He has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h wit h t rut h. High is He, Exalt ed above all t hat t hey associat e as part ners wit h Him.) (4. He has creat ed man from a Nut fah, t hen behold, t his same (man) becomes an open opponent .)

Allah is the One Who has created the Heavens, the Earth, and Man Allah t ells us about His creat ion of t he upper realm, which is t he heavens, and t he lower realm, which is t he eart h, and everyt hing in t hem. They have been creat ed for a t rue purpose, not in vain, so t hat

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン͡ゴ∇イΑ͡ ヱ∠ ∇やヲヤ⊥ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥￢ゅ∠シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン ∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ びヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ (He may requit e t hose who do evil wit h t hat which t hey have done (i.e. punish t hem in Hell), and reward t hose who do good, wit h what is best (i.e. Paradise).) ぴ53:31び Then He declares Himself t o be above t he Shirk of t hose who worship ot hers besides Him. He is independent of His creat ion, alone wit h no part ner or associat e. For t his reason He deserves t o be worshipped Alone, wit hout part ners. Then He ment ions how man has been creat ed from a Nut fah, i.e., somet hing t hat is insignificant , weak and has no value - but when man becomes independent and is able t o fend for himself - t hen he begins t o disput e wit h his Lord, may He be exalt ed, and disbelieves in Him and fight s His Messengers. But man was creat ed t o be a servant , not an opponent , as Allah says:

ゅ⇔ら∠ジル∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ⇔やゲ∠ゼ∠よ ￢͡ べ∠ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ヰタ ͡ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや び や⇔ゲΒ͡ヰニ ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ (And it is He Who has creat ed man from wat er, and gave him descendant s, and made Him kindred by marriage, and your Lord is capable (of all t hings). And t hey worship besides Allah, t hat which can neit her profit t hem nor harm t hem; and t he disbeliever is ever a helper (of Shayt an) against his Lord) (25: 54-55). And;

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ る∃ ヘ∠ ∇トルぁ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ ∠ジ ͡ ル∠ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ - ∀リΒ͡らョｘ ∀ユΒ͡ダ∠カ ン͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ - ∀ユΒ͡ョケ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ユ∠ ⇒∠ヌバ͡ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ エ⊥Α リ∠ョ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ペ ∃ ∇ヤカ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ り∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ べ∠ワほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ (Does not man see t hat We have creat ed him from Nut fah. Yet , behold he st ands as an open opponent . And he put s fort h for Us a parable, and forget s his own creat ion. He says: "Who will give life t o t hese bones aft er t hey are rot t en and have become dust '' Say: "He will give life t o t hem Who creat ed t hem t he first t ime! And He is t he knower of every creat ure!'') (36:77-79). Imam Ahmad and Ibn Maj ah report ed t hat Busr bin Jahhash said: "The Messenger of Allah spat in his palm, t hen he said,

∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ルゴ⊥ ͡イ∇バゎ⊥ ヴｚルぺ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ∠ ∇よや :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ャギ∠ バ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇Αヲｚ シ ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩͡ログ͡ ワ∠ モ ͡ ∇んョ͡ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇バヨ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ∩∀ギΒ͡もヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇レョ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ヤャ͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Αキ∠ ∇ゲよ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βゼ ∠ ョ∠ ∩⊥ベギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ :ろ ∠ ∇ヤホ⊥ ュ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇ヤエ ⊥ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇バレ∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ «る∠ホギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや ラ ⊥ や∠ヱぺ∠ ヴｚル∠ぺ∠ヱ (Allah, may He be exalt ed, says: "O son of Adam, how could you be more powerful t han I when I have creat ed you from somet hing like t his, and when I have fashioned you perfect ly and made

you complet e, you walk wearing your t wo garment s and t he eart h makes a sound (beneat h your feet ). You collect money but do not give anyt hing t o anyone, t hen when t he soul of a dying person reaches t he t hroat , you say, ` I want t o give in charit y', but it is t oo lat e for charit y.'')

ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ノ⊥ ヘ͡ ⇒∠レョ∠ ヱ∠ ∀￢∇フ͡キ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ボ∠ヤ∠カ ユ∠ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や∠ヱぴ リ ∠ Β͡ェヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ∀メゅ∠ヨィ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ギ∃ ヤ∠よ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ フ ∀ ヱ⊥ぼゲ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ザ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠Εや ペ あゼ ͡ よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ Β͡ピヤ͡⇒∠よ (5. And t he cat t le, He has creat ed t hem for you; in t hem t here is warmt h (warm clot hing), and numerous benefit s, and you eat from t hem.) (6. And t here is beaut y in t hem for you, when you bring t hem home in t he evening, and as you lead t hem fort h t o past ure (in t he morning).) (7. And t hey carry your loads t o a land t hat you could not reach yourselves except wit h great t rouble. Truly, your Lord is full of kindness, Most Merciful.)

The Cattle are part of the Creation of Allah and a Blessing from Him Allah reminds His servant s of t he blessing in His creat ion of An` am, t his t erm includes camels, cows and sheep, as was explained in det ail in Surat Al-An` am where t he "eight pairs'' are ment ioned. The blessings include t he benefit s derived from t heir wool and hair, from which clot hes and furnishings are made, from t heir milk which is drunk, and t heir young which are eat en. Their beaut y is a kind of adornment , t hus Allah says,

び∠ラヲ⊥エΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ∀メゅヨ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t here is beaut y in t hem for you, when you bring t hem home in t he evening.) which is when t hey are brought back from t he past ure in t he evening. This is a reference t o how t heir flanks become fat , t heir udders fill wit h milk and t heir humps become bigger.

び∠ラヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェヱ∠ ぴ (and as you lead t hem fort h t o past ure (in t he morning).) meaning when you send t hem out t o t he past ure in t he morning.

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey carry your loads) meaning t he heavy burdens t hat you cannot move or carry by yourselves

び͡ザヘ⊥ ル∠Εや ペ あゼ ͡ よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ Β͡ピヤ͡⇒∠よ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ギ∃ ヤ∠よ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (t o a land t hat you could not reach except wit h great t rouble t o yourselves) meaning j ourneys for Haj j , ` Umrah, milit ary campaigns, and j ourneys for t he purpose of t rading, and so on. They use t hese animals for all kinds of purposes, for riding and for carrying loads, as Allah says:

ヴ͡プ ゅｚヨョあ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ボ∇ジルぁ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇らバ͡ ャ∠ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∀りゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ ノ⊥ ヘ͡ ⇒∠レョ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡ルヲ⊥トよ⊥ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ (And verily, t here is indeed a lesson for you in t he An'am (cat t le). We give you t o drink (milk) of t hat which is in t heir bellies. And t here are numerous (ot her) benefit s in t hem for you. Of t hem you eat , and on t hem and on ships you are carried.) (23:21-22)

ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ら⇒∠ミ∇ゲわ∠ ャ͡ ユ∠ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ る⇔ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ェ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ピヤ⊥∇ら⇒∠わャ͡ヱ∠ ノ⊥ ヘ͡ ⇒∠レョ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム͡ レ⊥ゎ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ン ｚ ほ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ (Allah, it is He Who has made cat t le for you, so t hat some you may ride, and some you may eat . And you find (many ot her) benefit s in t hem; you may reach by t heir means a desire t hat is in your breast s (i.e. carry your goods, loads), and on t hem and on ships you are carried. And He shows you His Ayat . Which, t hen of t he Ayat of Allah do you deny) (40:79-81). Thus here Allah says, aft er enumerat ing t hese blessings,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ フ ∀ ヱ⊥ぼゲ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, your Lord is full of kindness, Most Merciful.) meaning, your Lord is t he One Who has subj ugat ed t he An` am (cat t le) t o you. This is like t he Ayat :

ゅ⇔ヨ⇒バ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠レΑギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ミケ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤャｚク∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムヤ͡⇒∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠

(Do t hey not see, t hat of what Our Hands have creat ed, We creat ed t he An'am (cat t le) for t hem, so t hat t hey may own t hem, and We subdued t hem so t hat t hey may ride some and t hey may eat some.)(36:71-72).

マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤｚミ⊥ ァ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇コΕ ∠やペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ ｚユを⊥ ロ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ヲわ∠ ∇ジわ∠ ャ͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らミ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αヲ∠ わ∠ ∇シや や∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グゎ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡ルゲ͡ ∇ボョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ ン͡グャｚや リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ レ⊥ヨャ∠ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べｚルま͡ヱ∠ (And He made mount s for you out of ships and cat t le. In order t hat you may ride on t heir backs, and may t hen remember t he favor of your Lord when you mount upon t hem, and say: "Glory be t o t he One Who subj ect ed t his t o us, and we could never have it (by our effort s). And verily, t o Our Lord we indeed are t o ret urn!'') (43:12-14) Ibn ` Abbas said,

び∀￢∇フキ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ぴ (In t hem t here is warmt h) refers t o clot hing;

び⊥ノヘ͡ ⇒∠レョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and numerous benefit s) refers t o t he ways in which t hey derive t he benefit s of food and drink from t hem.''

る⇔ レ∠ Α͡コヱ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥らミ∠ ∇ゲわ∠ ャ͡ ゲ∠ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ メ ∠ ゅ∠ピら͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ヱ∠ (8. And (He has creat ed) horses, mules and donkeys for you t o ride, and as an adornment . And He creat es (ot her) t hings of which you have no knowledge.)

This refers to another category of animals that Allah has created as a blessing for His servants; horses, mules and donkeys, all of which He made for riding and adornment. This is t he main purpose for which t hese animals were creat ed. It was report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said: "The Messenger of Allah forbade us t o eat t he meat of

domest ic donkeys, but he allowed us t o eat t he meat of horses.'' Imam Ahmad and Abu Dawud report ed wit h t wo chains of narrat ion, each of which meet t he condit ions of Muslim, t hat Jabir said: "On t he day of Khaybar we slaught ered horses, mules and donkeys. The Messenger of Allah forbade us from eat ing t he mules and donkeys, but he did not forbid us from eat ing t he horses.'' According t o Sahih Muslim, Asma' bint Abi Bakr (may Allah be pleased wit h t hem bot h) said: "At t he t ime of t he Messenger of Allah we slaught ered a horse and at e it when we were in Al-Madinah.''

￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲ͡もべ∠ィ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや ギ⊥ ∇ダホ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ びリ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ギヰ∠ ャ∠ (9. And it is up t o Allah t o show t he right way. But t here are ways t hat st ray. And had He willed, He would have guided you all.)

Explanation of the Different Religious Paths When Allah ment ioned t he animals which may be used for t he purpose of physical j ourneys, He also referred t o t he moral, religious rout es t hat people may follow. Oft en in t he Qur'an t here is a shift from physical or t angible t hings t o beneficial spirit ual and religious mat t ers, as when Allah says,

びン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや キ͡ やｚゴャや ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キヱｚ ∠ゴ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ (And t ake a provision (wit h you) for t he j ourney, but t he best provision is Taqwa (piet y, right eousness).) ぴ2:197び And,

∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ￢∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ン͡ケヲ∠ Α⊥ ゅ⇔シゅ∠らャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ギホ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ ヴ͡レら∠ ⇒∠Αぴ び∀ゲ∇Βカ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや サ ⊥ ゅ∠らャ͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゼΑ͡ケヱ∠ (O Children of Adam! We have grant ed clot hing for you t o cover yourselves, as well as for adornment ; but t he raiment of right eousness, t hat is bet t er.) ぴ7:26び Since Allah ment ioned cat t le and ot her such animals in t his Surah, all of which are ridden or can be used in any way necessary, carrying people's necessit ies for t hem t o dist ant places and on difficult j ourneys t hen He ment ions t he ways which people follow t o t ry t o reach Him, and explains t hat t he right way is t he one t hat does reach Him. He says:

び͡モΒ͡らジ ｚ ャや ギ⊥ ∇ダホ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (And it is up t o Allah t o show t he right way.) This is like t he Ayat ,

∇やヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヶ͡デゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮ͡ヤΒ͡ら∠シ リ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ベ ∠ ゲｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ プ∠ モ ∠ ら⊥ ジ ぁ ャや (And verily, t his is My st raight pat h, so follow it , and do not follow t he (ot her) pat hs, for t hey will separat e you away from His pat h.) ぴ6:153び and,

び ∀ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ヅ ∀ ゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グワ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ((Allah) said: "This is t he way which will lead st raight t o Me.'') (15:41)

び͡モΒ͡らジ ｚ ャや ギ⊥ ∇ダホ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (And it is up t o Allah t o show t he right way.) Muj ahid said: "The t rue way is up t o Allah.''

び͡モΒ͡らジ ｚ ャや ギ⊥ ∇ダホ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (And it is up t o Allah t o show t he right way.) Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "It is up t o Allah t o clarify, t o explain t he guidance and misguidance.'' This was also report ed by ` Ali bin Abi Talhah, and was also t he opinion of Qat adah and Ad-Dahhak. Hence Allah said:

び∀ゲも͡ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (But t here are ways t hat st ray.) meaning t hey deviat e from t he t rut h. Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers said: "These are t he different ways,'' and various opinions and whims, such as Judaism, Christ ianit y and Zoroast rianism. Ibn Mas` ud recit ed it as (∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ゲ͡もゅ∠ィ) "But among you are t hose who st ray. '' Then Allah t ells us t hat all of t hat happens by His will and decree. He says:

び∠リΒ͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ギヰ∠ ャ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And had He willed, He would have guided you all.) And Allah says:

∇ユヰ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ リ ∠ ョ∠ Γ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ (If your Lord had willed, t hen all who are in t he eart h would have believed.) ぴ10:99び

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや モ ∠ バ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガョ⊥ ∠ラヲ⊥ャや∠ゴ∠Α マ ∠ よ∂ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろヨｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ͡ャヱ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ユ∠ ェ ͡ ケｚ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ び-リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ る͡ レｚ イ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚΚ ∠ ∇ョΙ ∠ (And if your Lord had so willed, He could surely, have made humanit y one Ummah, but t hey will not st op disagreeing. Except t hose for whom your Lord has grant ed mercy. And it is for t his t hat He did creat e t hem; and t he Word of your Lord has been fulfilled (i.e. His saying): "Surely, I shall fill Hell wit h Jinn and men all t oget her.'') (11:118-119).

∀ゆや∠ゲ∠セ ヮ⊥ ∇レｚョ ユ⊥ムャｚ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ ネ ∠ ∇ケゴｚ ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ら͡ レ⊥Α - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ジゎ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゲ∀ イ ∠セ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ んｚ ャや あモミ⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ハΕ ∠ や∠ヱ モ ∠ Β͡ガレｚ ャや∠ヱ ∠ラヲ⊥わ∇Αゴｚ ャや∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ る⇔ Α∠ Γ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ (10. He it is Who sends wat er down from t he sky; from it you drink and from it (grows) t he veget at ion on which you send your cat t le t o past ure. ) (11. Wit h it He causes crops t o grow for you, t he olives, t he dat e palms, t he grapes, and every kind of fruit . Verily, in t his t here is indeed an evident proof and a manifest sign for people who give t hought .)

The Blessings of Rain, and explaining how it is one of the Signs When Allah ment ions t he blessings of cat t le and ot her animals t hat He has grant ed mankind, He t hen ment ions how He has blessed t hem by sending rain down from t he sky above, which has been fulfilling t he needs and bringing j oy t o people and t heir cat t le. Allah says:

び∀ゆや∠ゲセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レｚョ ユ⊥ムャｚぴ (from it you drink) meaning, He made it fresh and pure so t hat t hey can drink it , not salt y and undrinkable.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ジゎ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゲ∀ イ ∠セ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and from it (grows) t he veget at ion on which you send your cat t le t o past ure.) meaning, from it He raised plant s on which your cat t le graze. Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah and Ibn Zayd, all said t hat t his refers t o grazing animals including camels.

モ ∠ Β͡ガレｚ ャや∠ヱ ∠ラヲ⊥わ∇Αゴｚ ャや∠ヱ ネ ∠ ∇ケゴｚ ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ら͡ レ⊥Αぴ び͡れゲ∠ ヨ∠ んｚ ャや あモミ⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ハΕ ∠ や∠ヱ (Wit h it He causes crops t o grow for you, olives, dat e palms, grapes, and every kind of fruit .) meaning, wit h t his one kind of wat er, He makes t he eart h sprout plant s wit h different t ast es, colors, scent s and shapes. For t his reason He says,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ る⇔ Α∠ Γ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t his t here is indeed an evident proof and a manifest sign for people who give t hought .) meaning, t his is a sign and a proof t hat t here is no god besides Allah, as He says:

リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リョｚ ぺ∠ぴ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ る∃ イ ∠ ∇ヰよ∠ れ ∠ や∠ク ペ ∠ も͡ へ∠ギェ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇わら∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョｚ ヮ∀ ⇒∠ャま͡ぺ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥わら͡ レ⊥ゎ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バΑ∠ (Is not He (bet t er t han your gods) Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, and sends wat er down for you from t he sky, from which We cause wonderful gardens full of beaut y and delight t o grow You are not able t o cause t he growt h of t heir t rees. Is t here any ilah (god) wit h Allah Nay, but t hey are a people who make equals (t o Him)!) (27:60).

ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ れ ∀ ゲ∠ ガ ｚジ ∠ ョ⊥ ュ⊥ ヲ⊥イレぁ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ル⊥ や∠ヲ∇ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ͡ヤ∠わ∇ガョ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ぺ∠ケ∠ ク∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グｚ Α∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ る⇔ Α∠ Γ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ (12. And He has subj ect ed t he night and t he day for you, and t he sun and t he moon; and t he st ars are subj ect ed by His command. Surely, in t his are proofs for people who underst and.) (13. And all He has creat ed of varying colors on t he eart h for you. Verily, in t his is a sign for people who reflect .)

Signs in the Subjection of Night and Day, the Sun and the Moon, and in that which grows on Earth Allah ment ions t he might y signs and immense blessings t o be found in His subj ect ion of night and day, which follow one anot her; t he sun and moon, which revolve; t he st ars, bot h fixed and moving t hrough t he skies, offering light by which people may find t heir way in t he darkness. Each of (t hese heavenly bodies) t ravels in it s own orbit , which Allah has ordained for it , and t ravels in t he manner prescribed for it , wit hout deviat ing in any way. All of t hem are under His subj ugat ion, His cont rol and His decree, as Allah says:

ヶ͡プ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ∠ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ヴ͡ゼ∇ピΑ⊥ ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ヲわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ わｚ シ ͡ ュ∠ ヲ⊥イレぁ ャや∠ヱ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゅ⇔んΒ͡んェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ヤ⊥∇トΑ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ペ ⊥ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ れ ∃ ゲ∠ ガ ｚジ ∠ ョ⊥ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ (Indeed, your Lord is Allah, Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h in Six Days, and t hen He rose (Ist awa) over t he Throne. He brings t he night as a cover over t he day, seeking it rapidly, and (He creat ed) t he sun, t he moon, t he st ars (all) subj ect ed t o His command. Surely, His is t he creat ion and commandment . Blessed is Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s!) (7:54) Thus Allah says;

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, in t his are proofs for people who underst and.) meaning, t hey are indicat ions of His immense power and might , for t hose who t hink about Allah and underst and His signs.

び⊥ヮル⊥ や∠ヲ∇ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ͡ヤ∠わ∇ガョ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ぺ∠ケ∠ ク∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And what soever He has creat ed of varying colors on t he eart h for you. ) When Allah point s out t he feat ures of t he skies, He also point s out t he wondrous t hings t hat He has creat ed on eart h, t he variet y of it s animals, minerals, plant s and inanimat e feat ures, all having different colors and shapes, benefit s and qualit ies.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲミｚ グｚ ∠Α ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ る⇔ Α∠ Γ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t his is a sign for people who reflect .) meaning (t hose who remember) t he blessings of Allah and give t hanks t o Him for t hem.

ゅ６Αゲ͡ デ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇エ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほわ∠ ャ͡ ゲ∠ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ マ ∠ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ジら∠ ∇ヤゎ∠ る⇔ Β∠ ∇ヤェ ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゲ∠ カ ͡ や∠ヲョ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ギ∠ Β͡ヨゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ ∠シ ͡ や∠ヱケ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヴ∠ボ∇ャ∠ぺ∠ヱ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ョΚ∠ハヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚ∠バャｚ Κ ⇔ ら⊥ シ ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ⇒∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ Ι ｚ リ∠ヨミ∠ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ユ͡ ∇イレｚ ャゅ͡よヱ∠ べ∠ワヲ⊥ダ∇エゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱぁギバ⊥ ∠ゎ ラ͡まヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ Κ∠プぺ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ケ∀ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ (14. And He it is Who subj ect ed t he sea (t o you), t hat you may eat from t he fresh t ender meat , and t hat you bring fort h out of it ornament s t o wear. And you see t he ships plowing t hrough it , t hat you may seek from His bount y and t hat you may perhaps be grat eful.) (15. And He has driven firm st anding mount ains int o t he eart h, lest it should shake wit h you; and rivers and roads, t hat you may guide yourselves. (16. And (by t he) landmarks; and by t he st ars, t hey guide t hemselves.) (17. Is t hen He Who creat es t he same as one who creat es, not Will you not t hen reflect ) (18. And if you would t ry t o count t he favors of Allah, you would never be able t o count t hem. Truly, Allah is Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

Signs in the Oceans, Mountains, Rivers, Roads and Stars Allah t ells us how He has subj ect ed t he seas, wit h t heir waves lapping t he shores, and how He blesses His servant s by subj ect ing t he seas for t hem so t hat t hey may t ravel on t hem, and by put t ing fish and whales in t hem, by making t heir flesh permissible t o eat - whet her t hey are caught alive or dead - at all t imes, including when people are in a st at e of Ihram. He has creat ed pearls and precious j ewels in t he oceans, and made it easy for His servant s t o recover ornament s t hat t hey can wear from t he ocean floor. He made t he sea such t hat it carries t he ships which plow t hrough it . He is t he One Who t aught mankind t o make ships, which is t he inherit ance of t heir forefat her Nuh. He was t he first one t o t ravel by ship, he was t aught how t o make t hem, t hen people t ook t his knowledge from him and passed it down from generat ion t o generat ion t hrough t he cent uries, so t hat t hey could t ravel from count ry t o count ry and from place t o place, bringing goods from here t o t here and from t here t o here. Thus Allah says:

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (t hat you may seek from His bount y and t hat you may perhaps be grat eful.) - for His bount y and blessings. Then Allah ment ions t he eart h and how He placed in it mount ains st anding firm,

which make it st able and keep it from shaking in such a manner t hat t he creat ures dwelling on it would not be able t o live. Hence Allah says,

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠シ∇ケぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And t he mount ains He has fixed firmly.) (79: 32).

び⇔Κら⊥ シ ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ⇒∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and rivers and roads) meaning He has made rivers which flow from one place t o anot her, bringing provision for His servant s. The rivers arise in one place, and bring provision t o people living in anot her place. They flow t hrough lands and fields and wildernesses, t hrough mount ains and hills, unt il t hey reach t he land whose people t hey are meant t o benefit . They meander across t he land, left and right , nort h and sout h, east and west - rivers great and small - flowing somet imes and ceasing somet imes, flowing from t heir sources t o t he places where t he wat er gat hers, flowing rapidly or moving slowly, as decreed by Allah. There is no god besides Him and no Lord except Him. He also made roads or rout es along which people t ravel from one land or cit y t o anot her, and He even made gaps in t he mount ains so t hat t here would be rout es bet ween t hem, as He says:

び⇔Κら⊥ シ ⊥ ゅ⇔ィゅ∠イプ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We placed broad highways for t hem t o pass t hrough.) ぴ21:31び

び∃ろ⇒∠ョΚ∠ハヱ∠ ぴ (And landmarks) meaning, signs like great mount ains and small hills, and so on, t hings t hat land and sea t ravelers use t o find t heir way if t hey get lost .

び∠ラヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ユ͡ ∇イレｚ ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ぴ (and by t he st ars (during t he night ), t hey (mankind) guide t hemselves.) meaning, in t he darkness of t he night . This was t he opinion of Ibn ` Abbas.

Worship is Allah's Right Then Allah t ells us of His great ness, and t hat worship should be direct ed t o Him alone, not t o any of t he idols which do not creat e but are rat her t hemselves creat ed. Thus He says

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ Κ∠プぺ∠ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ Ι ｚ リ∠ヨミ∠ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ

(Is t hen He, Who creat es, t he same as one who does not creat e Will you not t hen reflect )(16:17). Then He shows His servant s some of t he many blessings He grant ed for t hem, and t he many kinds of t hings t hat He has done for t hem. He says;

∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ピ∠ャ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ べ∠ワヲ⊥ダ∇エゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱぁギバ⊥ ∠ゎ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ (And if you would t ry t o count t he favors of Allah, you would never be able t o count t hem. Truly, Allah is Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (16:18) meaning t hat He pardons and forgives t hem. If He were t o ask you t o t hank Him for all of His blessings, you would not be able t o do so, and if He were t o command you t o do so, you would be incapable of it . If He punishes you, He is never unj ust in His punishment , but He is Forgiving and Most Merciful, He forgives much and rewards for lit t le. Ibn Jarir said: "It means t hat Allah is Forgiving when you fail t o t hank Him properly, if you repent and t urn t o Him in obedience, and st rive t o do t hat which pleases Him. He is Merciful t o you and does not punish you if you t urn t o Him and repent .''

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ヤ∇バゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲジ ͡ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ￢∃ べ∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∀れヲ∇ョぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヤ∠∇ガΑ⊥ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ (19. And Allah knows what you conceal and what you reveal.) (20. Those whom t hey invoke besides Allah have not creat ed anyt hing, but are t hemselves creat ed.) (21. (They are) dead, not alive; and t hey do not know when t hey will be resurrect ed.) Allah t ells us t hat He knows what is hidden in people's heart s as well as what is apparent . He will reward or punish everyone for t heir deeds on t he Day of Resurrect ion. If t heir deeds are good t hen t hey will be rewarded, and if t heir deeds are evil, t hen t hey will be punished.

The gods of the Idolators are Created, they do not create Then Allah t ells us t hat t he idols which people call on inst ead of Him cannot creat e anyt hing, t hey are t hemselves creat ed, as Al-Khalil (Ibrahim) said:

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わエ ͡ ∇レゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ("Do you worship t hat which you (yourselves) carve While Allah has creat ed you and what you make!'') (37:-96).

び∃￢べ∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∀れヲ∇ョ∠ぺぴ ((They are) dead, not alive) means, t hey are inanimat e and lifeless, t hey do not hear, see, or t hink.

び∠ラヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey know not when t hey will be resurrect ed.) meaning, t hey do not know when t he Hour will come, so how can anyone hope for any benefit or reward from t hese idols They should hope for it from t he One Who knows all t hings and is t he Creat or of all t hings.

り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠プ ギ∀ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ヮャ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャま͡ぴ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ュ∠ ゲ∠ ィ ∠ Ι ∠ -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ユ⊥ワヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ム͡ レぁョ ユ⊥ヰよ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ヤ∇バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲジ ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや (22. Your god is one God. But for t hose who believe not in t he Hereaft er, t heir heart s are in denial, and t hey are proud.) (23. Cert ainly, Allah knows what t hey conceal and what t hey reveal. Truly, He does not like t he proud.)

None is to be worshipped except Allah Allah t ells us t hat t here is none t o be worshipped besides Him, t he One, t he Unique, t he Lone, t he Self-Sufficient . He t ells us t hat t he heart s of t he disbelievers deny t hat and are ast onished by t hat :

∀ゆゅ∠イハ ⊥ ￢∀ ∇ヴゼ ∠ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ や⇔ギ͡ェヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ る∠ ヰ∠ ャ͡Ι ｘやモ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び ("Has he made t he gods (all) int o One God! Verily, t his is a curious t hing!'') (38:5).

Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇れコｚ ほ∠ヨ∠ ∇セや ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ミ͡ ク⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クま͡ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ミ͡ ク⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (And when Allah alone is ment ioned, t he heart s of t hose who do not believe in t he Hereaft er are filled wit h disgust , and when t hose besides Him are ment ioned, behold, t hey rej oice!) (39:45).

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ユ⊥ワヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey are proud) meaning t hey are t oo proud t o worship Allah, and t heir heart s rej ect t he idea of singling Him out , as Allah says:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ シ ∠ ヴ͡ゎキ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び∠リΑ͡ゲカ ͡ キ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ (Verily! Those who scorn My worship t hey will surely ent er Hell in humiliat ion!) ぴ40:60び So here, Allah says;

び∠ュゲ∠ ィ ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (Cert ainly), meaning t ruly,

び∠ラヲ⊥レヤ͡∇バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲジ ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ぴ (Allah knows what t hey conceal and what t hey reveal.) meaning He will requit e t hem for t hat in full.

び∠リΑ͡ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Truly, He does not like t he proud.)

ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ へ∠クゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ る⇔ ヤ∠ョ͡ ゅ∠ミ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ や∠コ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ͡ヨ∇エ∠Β͡ャ - リ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘや

ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ べ∠シ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∠ルヲぁヤ͡ツΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ケ͡ や∠コ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケゴ͡ Α∠ (24. And when it is said t o t hem: "What is it t hat your Lord has revealed'' They say: "Tales of t he men of old!'') (25. They will bear t heir own burdens in full on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and also t he burdens of t hose whom t hey misled wit hout knowledge. Evil indeed is t hat which t hey shall bear!)

The Destruction of the Disbelievers and Intensification of their Punishment for rejecting the Revelation Allah informs us t hat when it is said t o t hose liars,

び∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ へ∠クゅｚョぴ ("What is it t hat your Lord has revealed'' They say,) not want ing t o answer,

び∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘ や ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ぴ ("Tales of t he men of old!'') meaning not hing is revealed t o him, what he is recit ing t o us is j ust t ales of t he men of old, t aken from t he previous Books. As Allah says,

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇ヨゎ⊥ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰら∠ わ∠ わ∠ ∇ミや リ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘ や ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡タぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ (And t hey say: "Tales of t he ancient s, which he has writ t en down, and t hey are dict at ed t o him morning and aft ernoon.'') (25:5) i.e., t hey t ell lies against t he Messenger and say t hings cont radict ing one anot her, but all of it is false, as Allah says,

Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲぁヤツ ∠ プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ん∇ョΙ ｘや マ ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ッ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルやぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ∇バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (Look at t he parables t hey make of you, so t hey have gone ast ray, and t hey are not able t o find t he right way.)(17:48) Once t hey have gone beyond t he bounds of t he t rut h, what ever t hey say will be in error. They used t o say t hat he (t he Prophet ) was a sorcerer, a poet , a soot hsayer, or a madman, t hen t hey set t led on an idea proposed by t heir leader, an individual known as AlWalid bin Al-Mughirah Al-Makhzumi, when:

ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ モ ∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ ｚユを⊥ - ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ モ ∠ わ͡ ボ⊥ プ∠ - ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ムｚ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ ゲ∠ よ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ゲ∠ ジ ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ ザ ∠ ら∠ ハ ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ ル∠ ｚユを⊥ - ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ び ゲ⊥ を∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ - ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ (He t hought , and plot t ed. So let him be cursed, how he plot t ed! And once more let him be cursed, how he plot t ed! Then he t hought . Then he frowned and he looked in a bad t empered way; t hen he t urned back, and was proud. Then he said: "This is not hing but t he magic of old.'') (74:18-24) meaning somet hing t hat had been t ransmit t ed and passed down. So t hey dispersed having agreed on t his opinion, may Allah punish t hem.

ケ͡ や∠コ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ る⇔ ヤ∠ョ͡ ゅ∠ミ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ や∠コ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ∇エΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ び∃ユ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∠ルヲぁヤ͡ツΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや (They will bear t heir own burdens in full on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and also of t he burdens of t hose whom t hey misled wit hout knowledge.) meaning, ` We decreed t hat t hey would say t hat , so t hey will carry t he burden of t heir own sins and some of t he burden of t hose who followed t hem and agreed wit h t hem,' i.e., t hey will be held guilt y not only for going ast ray t hemselves, but also for t empt ing ot hers and having t hem follow t hem. As it says in a Hadit h:

ケ͡ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ィほ∠∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヴャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ハキ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゾ ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩⊥ヮバ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠をへ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ユ͡ ∇をみ͡∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ る∃ ャ∠ゅ∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ハキ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ «ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ョ͡ ゅ∠をへ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゾ ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩⊥ヮバ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ (Whoever invit es people t o guidance, he will receive a reward like t hat of t hose who follow him, wit hout diminishing t heir reward in t he least . And whoever invit es people t o misguidance, he will bear a burden of sin like t hat of t hose who follow him, wit hout diminishing t heir burden in t he least .) Allah says;

ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ｚ ヤ⊥⇒∠∇ジΒ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ ノ∠ ョｚ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ リ ｚ ヤ⊥ヨ͡ ∇エΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚヨハ ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや (They shall bear t heir own loads, and ot her loads besides t heir own; and t hey shall be quest ioned about t heir false allegat ions on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) (29:13) Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat it is like t he Ayah:

ケ͡ や∠コ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ る⇔ ヤ∠ョ͡ ゅ∠ミ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ や∠コ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ∇エΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ び∃ユ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∠ルヲぁヤ͡ツΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや (That t hey may bear t heir own burdens in full on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and also of t he burdens of t hose whom t hey misled wit hout knowledge.) (16:25) Allah says,

び∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ ノ∠ ョｚ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ リ ｚ ヤ⊥ヨ͡ ∇エΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (They shall bear t heir own loads, and ot her loads besides t heir own) (29:13). Muj ahid said: "They will bear t he burden of t heir own sins, and t hey will bear t he sins of t hose who obeyed t hem, but t hat will not lessen t he punishment of t hose who obeyed t hem at all.''

リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠Β∇レよ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ゎほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ム∠ ョ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョ ブ ⊥ ∇ボｚジャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゲｚ ガ ∠ プ∠ ギ͡ ハ ͡ や∠ヲボ∠ ∇ャや る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲぁボ⇒∠ゼゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ リ ∠ Αグ͡ ャｚや ヴ ∠ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ゴ∇ガΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ン ∠ ∇ゴガ ͡ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∠￢ヲぁジ∇ャや∠ヱ (26. Those before t hem indeed plot t ed, but Allah st ruck at t he foundat ion of t heir building, t he roof fell down upon t hem from above t hem, and t he t orment overt ook t hem from direct ions t hey did not perceive.) (27. Then, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, He will disgrace t hem and will say: "Where are My (so-called) part ners, t hose over which you caused so much discord'' Those who have been given t he knowledge will say: "Indeed it is a Day of disgrace and misery for t he disbelievers.'')

Discussion about what the previous Peoples did, and what was done to Them

び∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ム∠ ョ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Those before t hem indeed plot t ed,) Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "This refers t o Namrud (Nimrod), who built t he t ower.'' Ot hers said t hat it refers t o Bukht anassar

(Nebuchadnezzar). The correct view is t hat t his is said by way of example, t o refut e what was done by t hose who disbelieved in Allah and associat ed ot hers in worship wit h Him. As Nuh said,

び や⇔ケゅｚらミ⊥ や⇔ゲ∇ムョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲ∠ム∠ョ∠ヱぴ ("And t hey have hat ched a might y scheme.'') (71:22) meaning, t hey used all sort s of ploys t o misguide t heir people, and t empt ed t hem t o j oin t hem in t heir Shirk via all possible means. On t he Day of Resurrect ion t heir followers will say t o t hem:

ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゲ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ムルｚ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レル∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇クま͡ ͡ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ゲ⊥ ∇ムョ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ び⇔やキや∠ギル∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ヱ∠ ("Nay, but it was your plot t ing by night and day, when you ordered us t o disbelieve in Allah and set up rivals t o Him!'') (34:33)

び͡ギハ ͡ や∠ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠Β∇レよ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ゎほ∠プ∠ ぴ (but Allah st ruck at t he foundat ion of t heir building.) meaning, He uproot ed it and brought t heir effort s t o naught . This is like t he Ayah:

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ゅ∠ワほ∠ヘ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ゆ ͡ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ヤャあ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠ホ∇ヱ∠ぺ べ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ (Every t ime t hey kindled t he fire of war, Allah ext inguished it .) ぴ5:64び and

ヴ͡プ フ ∠ グ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ら͡ジ∠わ∇エ∠Α ∇ユャ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎほ∠プ∠ ぴ ン͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユ͡ヰΑ͡ギ∇Α∠ほ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ょ ∠ ∇ハゲぁ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ び͡ゲ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱほ⊥Α ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ わ∠ ∇ハゅ∠プ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや (But Allah's (t orment ) reached t hem from a place where t hey were not expect ing it , and He cast t error int o t heir heart s so t hat t hey dest royed t heir own dwellings wit h t heir own hands and t he hands of t he believers. So t hen t ake admonit ion, O you wit h eyes (t o see).) ぴ59:2び Allah says here:

ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゲｚ ガ ∠ プ∠ ギ͡ ハ ͡ や∠ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠Β∇レよ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ゎほ∠プ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョ ブ ⊥ ∇ボｚジャや び∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ゴ∇ガΑ⊥ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ユｚ ん⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ (but Allah st ruck at t he foundat ion of t heir building, and t hen t he roof fell down upon t hem, from above t hem, and t he t orment overt ook t hem from direct ions t hey did not perceive. Then, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, He will disgrace t hem) ぴ16:26-27び meaning, He will expose t heir scandalous deeds and what t hey used t o hide in t heir heart s, and He will bring it out in t he open. As He says,

び ゲ⊥ も͡ へ∠ゲジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤ∇らゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day when all t he secret s will be (exposed and) examined. ) (86:9) They will be displayed and made known, as found in t he Two Sahihs, where Ibn ` Umar report ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ヮ͡ わ͡ ∇シや ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀￢や∠ヲ͡ャ ケ∃ キ͡ ゅ∠ビ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ょ ⊥ ダ ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ » «ラゅ∠ヤプ⊥ リ ͡ ∇よや ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヤプ⊥ り⊥ ケ∠ ∇ギビ ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ヮゎ͡ ケ∠ ∇ギビ ∠ ケ͡ ∇ギボ∠ よ͡ (On t he Day of Resurrect ion a banner will be set up by his backside for every deceit ful person, (whose size is) in accordance wit h t he amount of his deceit . It be said, "This is t he one who deceived so-and-so, t he son of so-and-so.'') Thus, what t hey used t o plot in secret will be made public. Allah will humiliat e t hem before all of His creat ion, and t he Lord will say t o t hem, in rebuke and reprimand;

び∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ヲぁボ⇒∠ゼゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ ∠ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ぴ (Where are My (so-called) part ners, t hose over which you caused so much discord) meaning, you fought and made enemies for t heir sake, so where are t hey now t o help and save you

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ わ∠ レ∠Α ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇モワ∠ ぴ (Can t hey help you or (even) help t hemselves) ぴ26:93び

び ゲ∃ タ ͡ ゅ∠ル Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ヲｚ ホ⊥ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (Then will (man) have no power, nor any helper.) ぴ86:10び When evidence and proof is est ablished against t hem, and t he Word (of Allah) is j ust ified against t hem, and t hey will be unable t o give any excuse, realizing t hat escape is impossible, t hen

び∠ユ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (Those who have been given t he knowledge will say) who are t he leaders in t his world and t he Hereaft er and who know about t he t rut h in t his world and t he Hereaft er - will say,

び∠リΑ͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∠￢ヲぁジ∇ャや∠ヱ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ン ∠ ∇ゴガ ͡ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Indeed it is a Day of disgrace and misery for t he disbelievers.) meaning, t oday t hose who disbelieved in Allah and worshipped ot hers who have no power eit her t o benefit or t o harm t hem are now surrounded by disgrace and punishment .

∇やヲ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ャほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡ヨャ͡ゅ∠ニ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒ｚプヲ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ￢∃ ヲ⊥シ リ͡ョ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ∠ ヤ∠ジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キゅ∠プ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲらあ ム∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ヲ∇んョ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ヤ∠プ∠ (28. Those whose lives t he angels t ake while t hey are doing wrong t o t hemselves. Then, t hey will (falsely) submit (saying): "We did not do any evil.'' (The angels will reply): "Yes! Truly, Allah is Most Knowing of what you did.'') (29. "So ent er t he gat es of Hell, t o abide t herein, and indeed, what an evil abode t here is for t he arrogant .'')

The Condition of the Disbeliever during and after Death Allah informs us of t he st at e of t he idolat ors who are doing wrong t o t hemselves when deat h approaches and t he angels come t o seize t heir evil souls.

び∠ユヤ∠ジ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ャほ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then, t hey will (falsely) submit ) meaning, t hey will make it appear as if t hey used t o list en and obey by saying,

び∃￢ヲ⊥シ リ͡ョ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョぴ (We did not do any evil.) Similarly, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hey will say,

び∠リΒ͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ

(By Allah, our Lord, we were not idolat ors.) ぴ6:23び

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΒ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ん⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ (On t he Day when Allah will resurrect t hem all t oget her; t hen t hey will swear t o Him as t hey swear t o you.) ぴ58:18び Allah says, rej ect ing what t hey say,

∇やヲ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ャほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡ヨャ͡ゅ∠ニ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒ｚプヲ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ￢∃ ヲ⊥シ リ͡ョ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ∠ ヤ∠ジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キゅ∠プ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲらあ ム∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ヲ∇んョ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ヤ∠プ∠ ("Yes! Truly, Allah is Most Knowing of what you did. So ent er t he gat es of Hell, t o abide t herein, and indeed, what an evil abode t here is for t he arrogant .'') (16:28-29), meaning, a miserable posit ion in t he abode of humiliat ion for t hose who were t oo arrogant t o pay at t ent ion t o t he signs of Allah and follow His Messengers. They will ent er Hell from t he day t hey die wit h t heir souls, and t heir bodies will feel t he heat and hot winds of t heir graves. When t he Day of Resurrec- t ion comes, t heir souls will be reunit ed wit h t heir bodies, t o abide forever in t he fire of Hell, and

∇リョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ブ ⊥ ｚヘガ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ヨΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ツ∇ボΑ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ びゅ∠ヰよ͡ や∠グハ ∠ (It will not be complet e enough t o kill t hem nor shall it s t orment be light ened for t hem.) (35:36) As Allah says,

ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ゼ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔∂ヱギ⊥ ビ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ッ∠ゲ∇バΑ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャやぴ びゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや (The Fire, t hey are exposed t o it morning and aft ernoon. And on t he Day when t he Hour will be est ablished (it will be said t o t he angels): "Cause Fir'awn's people t o ent er t he severest t orment !'') (40:46).

や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ や∠クゅ∠ョ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ ぴ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ケ⊥ や∠ギ∠ャ∠ヱ る∀ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ラ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ケ⊥ や∠キ ユ∠ ∇バレ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΕ ∠ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒ｚプヲ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ン͡ゴ∇イΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡らΒあ デ ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ (30. And (when) it is said t o t hose who had Taqwa (piet y and right eousness), ''What is it t hat your Lord has revealed'' They say: "That which is good.'' For t hose who do good in t his world, t here is good, and t he home of t he Hereaft er will be bet t er. And excellent indeed will be t he home (i.e. Paradise) of t hose who have Taqwa.) (31. ` Adn (Eden) Paradise (Gardens of Et ernit y) which t hey will ent er, under which rivers flow, in it t hey will have all t hat t hey wish. Thus Allah rewards t hose who have Taqwa.) (32. Those whose lives t he angels t ake while t hey are in a pious st at e saying (t o t hem) "Salamun ` Alaikum (peace be on you!). Ent er Paradise because of what (good) you used t o do (in t he world).'')

What the Pious say about the Revelation, their Reward and their Condition during and after Death Here we are t old about t he blessed, as opposed t o t he doomed, who, when t hey are asked,

び∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ へ∠クゅｚョぴ (What is it t hat your Lord has revealed) t hey will reluct ant ly answer, "He did not reveal anyt hing, t hese are j ust t he fables of old.'' But t he blessed, on t he ot her hand, will say, "That which is good,'' meaning - He revealed somet hing good, meaning mercy and blessings for t hose who followed it and believed in it . Then we are t old about Allah's promise t o His servant s which He revealed t o His Messengers. He says:

び∀るレ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあぴ (For t hose who do good in t his world, t here is good) This is like t he Ayah,

∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ん∇ルぺ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ミ∠ ク∠ リあョ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ぴ リ ͡ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ワゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Α∠ ゴ͡ ∇イレ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ る⇔ ら∠ Βあ デ ∠ り⇔ ヲ∠Βェ ∠ ヮ⊥ レｚΒ∠ Β͡ ∇エレ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ (Whoever works right eousness - whet her male or female - while being a t rue believer verily, t o him We will give a good life, and We shall cert ainly reward t hem in proport ion t o t he best of what t hey used t o do.) (16:97), which means t hat whoever does good in t his world, Allah will reward him for his good deeds in t his world and in t he next . Then we are t old t hat t he home of t he Hereaft er will be bet t er, i.e., bet t er t han t he life of t his world, and t hat t he reward in t he Hereaft er will be more complet e t han t he reward in t his life, as Allah says,

び∀ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ⊥ や∠ヲを∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠∇Αヱ∠ ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (But t hose who were given (religious) knowledge said: "Woe t o you! The reward of Allah (in t he Hereaft er) is bet t er) ぴ28:80び and,

び͡ケや∠ゲ∇よΖ ∠ ャあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and what is wit h Allah for t he right eous is bet t er.) ぴ3:198び and;

び ヴ∠ボ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱぴ (Alt hough t he Hereaft er is bet t er and enduring) (87:17). Allah said t o His Messenger :

び ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Κ ｘ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed t he Hereaft er is bet t er for you t han t he present ) (93:4). Then Allah describes t he abode of t he Hereaft er, saying,

び∠リΒ͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ケ⊥ や∠キ ユ∠ ∇バレ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And excellent indeed will be t he home (i.e. Paradise) of t hose who have Taqwa.)

び∃ラ∇ギハ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ぴ (` Adn (Eden) Paradise (Gardens of Et ernit y)) refers t o t he home of t he Mut t aqun, i.e., in t he Hereaft er t hey will have Gardens of Et ernit y in which t hey will dwell forever.

び⊥ゲ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΕ ∠ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ぴ (under which rivers flow) meaning, bet ween it s t rees and palaces.

び∠ラヱ⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚぴ (in it t hey will have all t hat t hey wish) t his is like t he Ayah:

ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ リ ⊥ Β⊥ ∇ハΙ ｘ や グぁ ヤ∠ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ザ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ルΙ ｘ や ヮ͡ Β͡ヰわ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ (in it (t here will be) all t hat souls could desire, and all t hat eyes could delight in, and in it you will live forever.) ぴ43:71び

び∠リΒ͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ン͡ゴ∇イΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Thus Allah rewards t hose who have Taqwa.) meaning, t his is how Allah rewards everyone who believes in Him, fears Him, and does good deeds. Then Allah t ells us about t heir condit ion when deat h approaches t hem in a good st at e, i.e., free from Shirk, impurit y and all evil. The angels greet t hem and give t hem t he good news of Paradise, as Allah says:

メ ⊥ ゴｚ レ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠ボわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゅ∠ガゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∠ハヲ⊥ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヴ͡わャｚや る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヴ͡ヰ∠わ∇ゼ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ケ∃ ヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ∇リョあ Ι ⇔ ゴ⊥ ル⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギｚ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ び ユ∃ Β͡ェケｚ (Verily, t hose who say: "Our Lord is Allah (alone),'' and t hen behave right eously, on t hem t he angels will descend (at t he t ime of t heir deat h) (saying): "Fear not , nor grieve! But receive t he good news of Paradise as you have been promised! We have been your friends in t he life of t his world and are (so) in t he Hereaft er. In it you shall have (all) t hat your souls desire, and in it you shall have (all) t hat you ask for. An ent ert ainment from (Allah), t he Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.'')(41:30:32) We have already referred t o t he Hadit hs t hat have been report ed on t he t aking of t he soul of t he believer and t he soul of t he disbeliever, when we discussed t he Ayah,

ヴ͡プ ろ ͡ よ͡ ゅｚんャや メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ろ ⊥ あらん∠ Α⊥ ぴ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ぁツ ͡ Α⊥ ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや び ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヱ∠ (Allah will keep firm t hose who believe, wit h t he word t hat st ands firm in t his world (i.e. t hey will keep on worshipping Allah Alone and none else), and in t he Hereaft er. And Allah will cause t he wrongdoers t o st ray, and Allah does as He wills.) (14:27)

ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒ヤ∠ヨ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ∇モワ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ れ ⊥ ゅ∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タほ∠プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ͡ム⇒ャ∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ベ ∠ ゅ∠ェヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ (33. Are t hey but wait ing for t he angels t o come t o t hem, or t here comes t he command of your Lord Thus did t hose before t hem. And Allah did not wrong t hem, but t hey were wronging t hemselves.) (34. Then, t hey were afflict ed by t heir evil deeds, and t hey were surrounded by t hat which t hey used t o mock.)

The Disbelievers' Refrain from Faith means that They were simply awaiting Punishment Threat ening t he idolat ors for t heir persist ence in falsehood and t heir conceit ed delusions about t his world, Allah says: Are t hese people wait ing only for t he angels t o come and t ake t heir souls Qat adah said:

び∠マよあ ケ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or t here comes t he command of your Lord) means t he Day of Resurrect ion and t he t error t hat t hey will go t hrough.''

び∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Thus did t hose before t hem.) means, t hus did t heir predecessors and t hose who were like t hem among t he idolat ors persist in t heir Shirk, unt il t hey t ast ed t he wrat h of Allah and experienced t he punishment and t orment t hat t hey suffered.

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah did not wrong t hem.) because by sending His Messengers and revealing His Books He gave t hem enough warning and clearly demonst rat ed His proofs t o t hem.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but t hey were wronging t hemselves.) meaning, by opposing t he Messengers and denying what t hey brought . For t his reason Allah's punishment t orment ed t hem.

びユ͡ヰよ͡ ∠ベゅ∠ェ∠ヱぴ (t hey were surrounded) meaning, t hey were overwhelmed by t he painful t orment .

び∠ラヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ (by t hat which t hey used t o mock.) meaning, t hey used t o make fun of t he Messengers when t hey warned t hem Allah's punishment , and for t his it will be said t o t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ヴ͡わャｚや ケ⊥ ゅレｚ ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワぴ (This is t he Fire which you used t o belie.) (52:14).

リ͡ョ ゅ∠ル∇ギ∠ら∠ハ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲｚ ェ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや∠￢ Ι∠ヱ リ ⊥ ∇エｚル ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ⊥ Β͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ モ ͡シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ れ ∠ ヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚト∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ン∠ギ∠ワ ∇リョｚ ユ⊥ヰ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡ジプ∠ る⊥ ヤ∠⇒ヤ∠ツ ｚ ャや

ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ギワ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ソゲ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ラ͡ま - リ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲダ ͡ ⇒ｚル リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぁモツ ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや (35. And t hose who worshipped ot hers wit h Allah said: "If Allah had so willed, neit her we nor our fat hers would have worshipped any but Him nor would we have forbidden anyt hing wit hout (a command from) Him.'' Those before t hem did t he same. Then! Are t he Messengers charged wit h anyt hing but t o clearly convey t he Message) (36. And We have indeed sent a Messenger t o every Ummah (communit y, nat ion) (saying): "Worship Allah (Alone), and shun t he Taghut (all false deit ies). '' Then among t hem were some whom Allah guided, and among t hem were some who deserved t o be left t o st ray. So t ravel t hrough t he land and see t he end of t hose who denied (t he t rut h).) (37. ぴEvenび if you desire t hat t hey be guided, t hen verily, Allah does not guide t hose whom He allowed t o st ray, and t hey will have no helpers.)

The Idolators Argument that their Shirk was Divinely decreed, and the Refutation of this Claim Allah t ells us about t he idolat ors delusion over t heir Shirk, and t he excuse t hey claimed for it based on t he idea t hat it is ordained by divine decree. He says:

リ ⊥ ∇エｚル ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ル∇ギら∠ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲｚ ェ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや∠￢ Ι∠ヱ ((They say:) "If Allah had so willed, neit her we nor our fat hers would have worshipped any but Him, nor would we have forbidden anyt hing wit hout (a command from) Him.'') They had superst it ious cust oms dealing wit h cert ain animals, e.g. t he Bahirah t he Sa'ibah and t he Wasilah and ot her t hings t hat t hey had invent ed and innovat ed by t hemselves, wit h no revealed aut horit y. The essence of what t hey said was: "If Allah hat ed what we did, He would have st opped by punishing us, and He would not have enabled us t o do it .'' Rej ect ing t heir confusing ideas, Allah says:

び⊥リΒ͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ モ ͡シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Are t he Messengers charged wit h anyt hing but t o clearly convey t he Message) meaning, t he mat t er is not as you claim. It is not t he case t hat Allah did not rebuke your behavior; rat her, He did rebuke you, and in t he st rongest possible t erms, and He emphat ically forbade you from such behavior. To every nat ion - t hat is, t o every generat ion, t o every communit y of people He sent a Messenger. All of t he Messengers called t heir people t o worship Allah (Alone) as well as forbidding t hem from worshipping anyt hing or anybody except for Him.

び∠れヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚト∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ぴ

(Worship Allah (Alone), and shun t he Taghut (all false deit ies).) Allah cont inued sending Messengers t o mankind wit h t his Message, from t he first incidence of Shirk t hat appeared among t he Children of Adam, in t he people t o whom Nuh was sent - t he first Messenger sent by Allah t o t he people of t his eart h - unt il He sent t he final Messenger, Muhammad , whose call was addressed t o bot h men and Jinn, in t he east and in t he west . All of t he Messengers brought t he same Message, as Allah says:

ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥ル Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ (And We did not send any Messenger before you (O Muhammad) but We revealed t o him (saying): None has t he right t o be worshipped but I (Allah), so worship Me (alone and none else).'') (21:25)

ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠レ͡ヤシ ⊥ ケぁ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇モゃ∇シや∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら∠ ∇バΑ⊥ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ (And ask (O Muhammad) t hose Messengers of Ours whom We sent before you: "Did We ever appoint ed t o be worshipped besides t he Most Gracious (Allah)'') (43:45) And in t his Ayah, Allah says:

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∠れヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚト∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ (And We have indeed sent a Messenger t o every Ummah (communit y, nat ion) (saying): "Worship Allah (alone), and shun t he Taghut (all false deit ies).'') So how could any of t he idolat ors say,

び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ル∇ギら∠ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ (If Allah had so willed, we would not have worshipped any but Him,) The legislat ive will of Allah is clear and cannot be t aken as an excuse by t hem, because He had forbidden t hem t o do t hat upon t he t ongue of His Messengers, but by His universal will ぴi.e., by which He allows t hings t o occur even t hough t hey do not please Himび He allowed t hem t o do t hat as it was decreed for t hem. So t here is no argument in t hat for t hem. Allah creat ed Hell and it s people bot h t he Shayat in (devils) and disbelievers, but He does not like His servant s t o disbelieve. And t his point const it ut es t he st rongest proof and t he most unquest ionable wisdom. Then Allah informs us t hat He rebuked t hem wit h punishment in t his world, aft er t he Messengers issued t heir warning, t hus He says:

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ン∠ギ∠ワ ∇リョｚ ユ⊥ヰ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡ジプ∠ る⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤツ ｚ ャや び∠リΒ͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ (Then among t hem were some whom Allah guided, and among t hem were some who deserved t o be left t o st ray. So t ravel t hrough t he land and see t he end of t hose who denied (t he t rut h).) This means: ask about what happened t o t hose who went against t he Messengers and rej ect ed t he t rut h, see how:

びゅ∠ヰヤ⊥⇒∠ん∇ョ∠ぺ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ョｚ キ∠ ぴ (Allah dest royed t hem complet ely, and a similar (end await s) t he disbelievers.) (47:10) and,

び ゲ͡ Β͡ムル ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed t hose before t hem belied (t he Messengers of Allah), so t hen how t errible was My denial (punishment )) (67:18) Then Allah t old His Messenger t hat His eagerness t o guide t hem will be of no benefit t o t hem if Allah wills t hat t hey should be misguided, as He says:

び⇔ゅゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヨゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや キ͡ ゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And for whoever Allah wills t o t ry wit h error, you can do not hing for him against Allah) (5:41). Nuh said t o his people:

ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ウ ∠ダ ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ぁ ∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ヴ͡エ∇ダル⊥ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ヲ͡ ∇ピΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ("And my advice will not profit you, even if I wish t o give you good counsel, if Allah's will is t o keep you ast ray.'')(11:34). In t his Ayah, Allah says:

リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ギワ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ソゲ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ びぁモツ ͡ Α⊥ ((Even) if you desire t hat t hey be guided, t hen verily, Allah does not guide t hose whom He allowed t o st ray,) As Allah says:

ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ グ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヵ ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠ワ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ (Whomsoever Allah allows t o st ray, t hen t here is no guide for him; and He let s t hem wander blindly in t heir t ransgressions.) (7:186)

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Αグ͡ ャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ユ∠ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る∃ Α∠ や￢ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ (Truly! Those deserving t he Word (wrat h) of your Lord will not believe, even if every sign should come t o t hem - unt il t hey see t he painful t orment ) (10:96-97).

び∠ヮヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (t hen verily, Allah) meaning, t his is t he way in which Allah does t hings. If He wills a t hing, t hen it happens, and if He does not will a t hing, t hen it does not happen. For t his reason Allah says:

びぁモツ ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (Allah does not guide t hose whom He allowed t o st ray,) meaning t he one whom He has caused t o go ast ray, so who can guide him apart from Allah No one.

び∠リΑ͡ゲダ ͡ ⇒ｚル リあョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will have no helpers.) means, t hey will have no one t o save t hem from t he punishment of Allah,

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ペ ⊥ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Surely, His is t he creat ion and commandment . Blessed is Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s!) (7:54).

リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ギ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレ∇ャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゅ６ボェ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や⇔ギ∇ハヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βあ ら∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α

ゅ∠レャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ ゅヨ∠ ルｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡よグ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや びラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ ∇リミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボルｚ ラ∠ぺ ロ⊥ ゅ∠ル∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴゼ ∠ ャ͡ (38. And t hey swear by Allah wit h t heir st rongest oat hs, t hat Allah will not raise up one who dies. Yes, (He will raise t hem up), a promise (binding) upon Him in t rut h, but most of mankind know not .) (39. In order t hat He may make clear t o t hem what t hey differed over, and so t hat t hose who disbelieved may know t hat t hey were liars.) (40. Verily, Our Word t o a t hing when We int end it , is only t hat We say unt o it : "Be!'' - and it is.)

The Resurrection after Death is true, there is Wisdom behind it, and it is easy for Allah Allah t ells us t hat t he idolat ors swore by Allah t heir st rongest oat hs, meaning t hat t hey made oat hs swore fervent ly t hat Allah would not resurrect t he one who died. They considered t hat t o be improbable, and did not believe t he Messengers when t hey t old t hem about t hat , swearing t hat it could not happen. Allah said, refut ing t hem:

びヴ∠ヤよ∠ ぴ (Yes), meaning it will indeed happen,

びゅ６ボェ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や⇔ギ∇ハヱ∠ ぴ (a promise (binding) upon Him in t rut h,) - meaning it is inevit able,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but most of mankind know not .) means, because of t heir ignorance t hey oppose t he Messengers and fall int o disbelief. Then Allah ment ions His wisdom and t he reason why He will resurrect mankind physically on t he Day of Calling (bet ween t he people of Fire and of Paradise). He says,

び⊥ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βあ ら∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ぴ (In order t hat He may make clear t o t hem) means, t o mankind,

び͡ヮΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (what t hey differed over,) means, every disput e.

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン͡ゴ∇イΑ͡ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥￢ゅ∠シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン ∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ びヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ (t hat He may requit e t hose who do evil wit h t hat which t hey have done (i. e. punish t hem in Hell), and reward t hose who do good, wit h what is best (i.e. Paradise).) (53:31)

び∠リΒ͡よグ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and so t hat t hose who disbelieved may know t hat t hey were liars.) meaning t hat t hey lied in t heir oat hs and t heir swearing t hat Allah would not resurrect t hose who die. Thus t hey will be pushed down by force t o t he Fire wit h horrible force on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and t he guards of Hell will say t o t hem:

や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゲ∀ ∇エジ ͡ プ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ヴ͡わャｚや ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワぴ Ι ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プ ゅ∠ワ∇ヲ∠ヤ∇タや - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ュぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シ ∇やヱ⊥ゲ͡ら∇ダ∠ゎ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ (This is t he Fire which you used t o belie. Is t his magic or do you not see Tast e it s heat , and whet her you are t olerant of it or int olerant of it - it is all t he same. You are only being requit ed for what you have done.) (52:14-16). Then Allah t ells us about His abilit y t o do what ever He wills, and t hat not hing is impossible for Him on eart h or in heaven. When He want s a t hing, all He has t o do is say t o it "Be!'' and it is. The Resurrect ion is one such t hing, when He want s it t o happen, all He will have t o do is issue t he command once, and it will happen as He wills, as He says:

び ゲ͡ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ウ ∃ ∇ヨヤ∠ミ∠ り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And Our commandment is but one as t he t winkling of an eye) (54:50) and,

び∃りギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘレ∠ ミ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ん⊥ ∇バよ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅｚョぴ (The creat ion of you all and t he resurrect ion of you all are only as (t he creat ion and resurrect ion of) a single person. ) ぴ31:28び And in t his Ayah, Allah says:

∇リミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボルｚ ラ∠ぺ ロ⊥ ゅ∠ル∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴゼ ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ (Verily, Our Word t o a t hing when We int end it , is only t hat We say t o it : "Be!'' - and it is.) meaning, We issue t he command once, and t hen it happens. Allah does not need t o repeat or confirm what ever He commands, because t here is not hing t hat can st op Him or oppose Him. He is t he One, t he Compelling, t he Almight y, whose power, might and dominion have subj ect ed all t hings. None has t he right t o be worshipped except Him, and t here is no Lord ot her t han Him.

∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ͡ニ ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲイ ∠ ⇒∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ ∇ヲャ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ゲ⊥ ∇ィ∂Ιヱ∠ る∠レジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ も∠ ヲあ ら∠ レ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ (41. And as for t hose who emigrat ed for t he cause of Allah, aft er t hey had been wronged, We will cert ainly give t hem good residence in t his world, but indeed t he reward of t he Hereaft er will be great er; if t hey but knew!) (42. (They are) t hose who remained pat ient , and put t heir t rust in t heir Lord.)

The Reward of the Muhajirin Allah t ells us about t he reward of t hose who migrat ed for His sake, seeking His pleasure, t hose who left t heir homeland behind, brot hers and friends, hoping for t he reward of Allah. This may have been revealed concerning t hose who migrat ed t o Et hiopia, t hose whose persecut ion at t he hands of t heir own people in Makkah was so ext reme t hat t hey left t hem and went t o Et hiopia so t hat t hey would be able t o worship t heir Lord. Among t he most prominent of t hese migrant s were ` Ut hman bin ` Affan and his wife Ruqayyah, t he daught er of t he Messenger of Allah , Ja` far bin Abi Talib, t he cousin of t he Messenger , and Abu Salamah bin ` Abdul-Asad, among a group of almost eight y sincere and fait hful men and women, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem. Allah promised t hem a great reward in t his world and t he next . Allah said:

びる∠レジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ も∠ ヲあ ら∠ レ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (We will cert ainly give t hem good residence in t his world,) Ibn ` Abbas, Ash-Sha` bi and Qat adah said: (t his means) "Al-Madinah.'' It was also said t hat it meant "good provision''. This was t he opinion of Muj ahid. There is no cont radict ion bet ween t hese t wo opinions, for t hey left t heir homes and wealt h, but Allah compensat ed t hem wit h somet hing bet t er in t his world. Whoever gives up somet hing for t he sake of Allah, Allah compensat es him wit h somet hing t hat is bet t er for him t han t hat , and t his is what happened. He gave t hem power t hroughout t he land and caused t hem t o rule over t he people, so t hey became governors and rulers, and each of t hem

became a leader of t he pious. Allah t ells us t hat His reward for t he Muhaj irin in t he Hereaft er is great er t han t hat which He gave t hem in t his world, as He says:

び⊥ゲら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ゲ⊥ ∇ィ∂Ιヱ∠ ぴ (but indeed t he reward of t he Hereaft er will be great er) meaning, great er t han t hat which We have given you in t his world.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ (if t hey but knew!) means, if t hose who st ayed behind and did not migrat e wit h t hem only knew what Allah prepared for t hose who obeyed Him and followed His Messenger . Then Allah describes t hem as:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (t hose who remained pat ient , and put t heir t rust in t heir Lord.) (16:42), meaning, t hey bore t heir people's persecut ion wit h pat ience, put t ing t heir t rust in Allah Who made t heir end good in t his world and t he Hereaft er.

∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲぁル Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ィケ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ユ⊥わ∇レミ⊥ ラ͡ま ゲ͡ ∇ミグあ ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャほ∠∇シゅ∠プ メ ∠ ゴあ ル⊥ ゅ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ リ ∠ Βあ ら∠ わ⊥ ャ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ミグあ ャや マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ゲ͡ よ⊥ ゴぁ ャや∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ (43. And We sent not (as Our Messengers) before you (O Muhammad) any but men, whom We sent revelat ion. So ask Ahl Adh-Dhikr, if you know not .) (44. Wit h clear signs and Books (We sent t he Messengers). And We have also revealed t he Dhikr t o you so t hat you may clearly explain t o men what was revealed t o t hem, and t hat perhaps t hey may reflect .)

Only Human Messengers have been Sent Ad-Dahhak said, report ing from Ibn ` Abbas: "When Allah sent Muhammad as a Messenger, t he Arabs, or some of t hem, denied him and said, ` Allah is t oo great t o send a human being as a Messenger.' Then Allah revealed:

∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅ⇔ら∠イ∠ハ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミぺ∠ぴ び∠サゅｚレャや ケ͡ グ͡ ル∠ぺ (Is it a wonder t o people t hat We have sent Our Inspirat ion t o a man from among t hemselves (saying): "Warn mankind...'') and He said,

∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲぁル Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ィケ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ユ⊥わ∇レミ⊥ ラ͡ま ゲ͡ ∇ミグあ ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャほ∠∇シゅ∠プ (And We sent not (as Our Messengers) before you (O Muhammad) any but men, whom We sent Revelat ion. So ask Ahl Adh-Dhikr, if you know not .). meaning, (ask) t he people of t he previous Books, were t he Messengers t hat were sent t o t hem humans or angels If t hey were angels, t hen you have t he right t o find t his st range, but if t hey were human, t hen you have no grounds t o deny t hat Muhammad is a Messenger. Allah says:

∇リョあ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲぁル Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ィケ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ (And We sent not before you (as Messengers) any but men t o whom We revealed, from among t he people of t ownships. ) ぴ12:109び and not from among t he people of heaven as you say.'' It was report ed by Muj ahid from Ibn ` Abbas t hat what is meant by Ahl Adh-Dhikr is t he People of t he Book. This is as Allah says:

ヴ͡プ ヴ∠ホ∇ゲゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ フ ∃ ゲ⊥ ∇カコ⊥ リあョ ∀ろ∇Β∠よ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ ゅ⇔よゅ∠わミ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴあ レ∠ ゎ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ Βあ ホ͡ ゲ⊥ ャ͡ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャヱ∠ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ や⇔ゲゼ ∠ よ∠ Ι ｚ ま∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇モワ∠ ヴあよケ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ロ⊥ ￢⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ボｚル Ι ｚ ま͡ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ノ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ びΙ ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ や⇔ゲゼ ∠ よ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ∠ぺ (Say: "Glorified be my Lord! Am I anyt hing but a man, sent as a Messenger'' And not hing prevent ed men from believing when t he guidance came t o t hem, except t hat t hey said: "Has Allah sent a man as (His) Messenger'') (17:93-94)

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び͡ベや∠ヲ∇シΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや (And We never sent before you (O Muhammad) any of t he Messengers but verily, t hey at e food and walked in t he market s.) (25:20)

∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ｚ や⇔ギ∠ジィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ (And We did not creat e t hem (t he Messengers, wit h) bodies t hat did not eat food, nor were t hey immort als.)(21:8)

び͡モシ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ハ∇ギよ͡ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say (O Muhammad ): "I am not a new t hing among t he Messengers. '') ぴ46:9び,

びｚヴャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say (O Muhammad): "I am only a man like you. It has been revealed t o me.'') ぴ18:110び Then Allah informs t hose who doubt t hat a Messenger can be a human t o ask t hose who have knowledge of t he previous Script ures about t he Prophet s who came before: were t heir Prophet s humans or angels Then Allah ment ions t hat He has sent t hem,

び͡ろ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よぴ (wit h clear signs), meaning proof and evidence, and

び͡ゲよ⊥ ゴぁ ャや∠ヱぴ (and Books ぴZuburび), meaning Script ures. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak and ot hers said: Zubur is t he plural of Zabur, and t he Arabs say, Zaburt ul-Kit ab meaning, "I wrot e t he book.'' Allah says:

び ゲ͡ よ⊥ ゴぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And everyt hing t hey have done is not ed in (t heir) Records (of deeds) ぴZuburび) (54:52)

ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ミグあ ャや ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ケ͡ ヲ⊥よゴｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ン ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰを⊥ ゲ͡ Α∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや (And indeed We have writ t en in Az-Zabur aft er t he Dhikr t hat My right eous servant shall inherit t he land (i.e. t he land of Paradise).) (21:105) Then Allah says:

び∠ゲ∇ミグあ ャや マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And We have also revealed t he Dhikr t o you), meaning t he Qur'an,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴあ ル⊥ ゅ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ リ ∠ Βあ ら∠ わ⊥ ャ͡ぴ (so t hat you may clearly explain t o men what was revealed t o t hem,) meaning, sent down from t heir Lord, because you know t he meaning of what Allah has revealed t o you, and because of your underst anding and adherence t o it , and because We know t hat you are t he best of creat ion and t he leader of t he Children of Adam. So t hat you may explain in det ail what has been ment ioned in brief, and explain what is not clear.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (so t hat perhaps t hey may reflect .) meaning, t hey should examine t hemselves and be guided by it , so t hat t hey may at t ain t he vict ory of salvat ion in t his world and t he next .

ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ブ ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ れ ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲム∠ ョ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや ∇ヱぺ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ∇バヨ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ら͡ ヤぁボ∠ ゎ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ グ∠ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ フ ∀ ヱ⊥ぼゲ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ フ ∃ ヲぁ ガ ∠ ゎ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ グ∠ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ (45. Do t hen t hose who devise evil plot s feel secure t hat Allah will not cause t hem t o sink int o t he eart h, or t hat t orment will not seize t hem from where t hey do not perceive it ) (46. Or t hat He may punish t hem in t he midst of t heir going t o and fro (in t heir livelihood), so t hat t here be no escape for t hem (from Allah's punishment )) (47. Or t hat He may punish t hem where t hey fear it most Indeed, Your Lord is full of kindness, Most Merciful.)

How the Guilty can feel Secure

Allah informs us about His pat ience, and how He delays t he punishment for t he sinners who do evil t hings and call ot hers t o do likewise, plot t ing t o call ot hers t o do evil - even t hough He is able t o make t he eart h swallow t hem or t o bring His wrat h upon t hem.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぴ (from where t hey do not perceive it ), meaning in such a way t hat t hey do not know where it comes from. As Allah says:

チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ よ͡ ブ ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リｚョ ∇ユわ⊥ レ͡ョ￢∠ ぺ∠ぴ ラ∠ぺ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ レ͡ョぺ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ び ゲ͡ Α͡グル∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バわ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ら͡ダ⇒∠ェ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ (Do you feel secure t hat He Who is over t he heaven (Allah), will not cause you t o sink int o t he eart h, when it quakes Or do you feel secure t hat He Who is over t he heaven (Allah), will not send a st orm of st ones upon you Then you shall know how My warning really is.) (67:16-17).

び∇ユヰ͡ ら͡ ヤぁボ∠ ゎ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ グ∠ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or t hat He may punish t hem in t he midst of t heir going t o and fro) meaning, when t hey are busy wit h t heir daily business, t ravel, and ot her dist ract ing act ivit ies. Qat adah and As-Suddi said:

び∇ユヰ͡ ら͡ ヤぁボ∠ ゎ∠ ぴ (Their going t o and fro) means t heir j ourneys.'' As Allah says:

∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔わ⇒∠Βよ∠ ゅ∠レシ ⊥ ∇ほよ∠ ユ⊥ヰΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ゅ∠レシ ⊥ ∇ほよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ぺ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨも͡ べ∠ル び ∠ラヲ⊥ら∠バ∇ヤ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ⇔エッ ⊥ (Did t he people of t he t owns feel secure against t he coming of Our punishment by night while t hey were asleep Or, did t he people of t he t owns feel secure against t he coming of Our punishment in t he forenoon while t hey were playing) (7:97-98)

び∠リΑ͡ゴイ ͡ ∇バヨ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ

(so t hat t here be no escape for t hem (from Allah's punishment )) meaning, it is not impossible for Allah, no mat t er what t heir sit uat ion.

び∃フヲぁ ガ ∠ ゎ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ グ∠ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or t hat He may punish t hem where t hey fear it most ) meaning, or Allah will t ake from t hem what t hey most fear, which is even more fright ening, because when t he t hing you most fear t o happen does happen, t his is even worse. Hence Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

び∃フヲぁ ガ ∠ ゎ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ グ∠ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or t hat He may punish t hem where t hey fear it most ) means t hat Allah is saying: If I wish, I can t ake him aft er t he deat h of his companion and aft er he has become fright ened of t hat .' This was also report ed from Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah and ot hers. Then Allah says:

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ フ ∀ ヱ⊥ぼゲ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (Indeed your Lord is full of kindness, Most Merciful.) meaning, because He does not hast en t o punish, as was report ed in t he Two Sahihs:

∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∩͡ぶや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ン⇔ク∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇タぺ∠ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ユ͡ヰΒ͡プゅ∠バΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ギャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イΑ∠ (No one is more pat ient in t he case of hearing offensive speech t han Allah, for t hey at t ribut e t o Him a son, while He ぴaloneび is giving t hem provision and good healt h.) And it is also recorded in Two Sahihs,

«ヮ∇わヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ロ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ユ͡ ャ͡ゅｚヌヤ͡ャ ヶ͡ヤ∇ヨΒ⊥ ャ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» (Allah will let t he wrongdoer cont inue unt il, when He begins t o punish him, He will never let him go.) Then t he Messenger of Allah recit ed:

ラ ｚ ま͡ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ニ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ グ⊥ ∇カぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠セ ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ロ⊥ グ∠ ∇カぺ∠ (Such is t he punishment of your Lord when He seizes t he (populat ion of) t owns while t hey are doing wrong. Indeed, His punishment is painful, (and) severe) (11:102) And Allah says:

ｚユを⊥ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ニ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βヤ∠∇ョぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ リあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ (And many a t ownship did I give respit e while it was given t o wrongdoing. Then I punished it . And t o Me is t he (final) ret urn (of all).) (22:48)

ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヤニ ͡ ほ⊥Βｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Β∠ ∇ヨャ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ギ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ヨワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ や⇔ギイ ｚシ ⊥ モ ͡ も͡ べ∠ヨゼ ｚ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ⇒∠ガΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ (48. Have t hey not observed t hings t hat Allah has creat ed: (how) t heir shadows shift from right t o left , prost rat ing t o Allah while t hey are humble) (49. And t o Allah prost rat e all t hat are in t he heavens and all t hat are in t he eart h, t he moving creat ures and t he angels, and t hey are not proud ぴi.e. t hey worship t heir Lord (Allah) wit h humilit yび.) (50. They fear t heir Lord above t hem, and t hey do what t hey are commanded.)

Everything prostrates to Allah Allah informs us about His might , maj est y and pride, meaning t hat all t hings submit t hemselves t o Him and every creat ed being - animat e and inanimat e, as well as t he responsible - humans and Jinns, and t he angels - all humble t hemselves before Him. He t ells us t hat everyt hing t hat has a shadow leaning t o t he right and t he left , i.e., in t he morning and t he evening, is by it s shadow, prost rat ing t o Allah. Muj ahid said, "When t he sun passes it s zenit h, everyt hing prost rat es t o Allah, may He be glorified.'' This was also said by Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak and ot hers.

び∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ぴ (while t hey are humble) means, t hey are in a st at e of humilit y. Muj ahid also said: "The prost rat ion of every t hing is it s shadow'', and he ment ioned t he mount ains and said t hat t heir prost rat ions are t heir shadows. Abu Ghalib Ash-Shaybani said: "The waves of t he sea are it s prayers''. It is as if reason is at t ribut ed t o t hese inanimat e obj ect s when t hey are described as prost rat ing, so Allah says:

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ギ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∃るよｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ (And t o Allah prost rat e all t hat are in t he heavens and all t hat are in t he eart h, of t he moving creat ures) As Allah says:

ゅ⇔ハ∇ヲデ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ギ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ びメ ͡ ゅ∠タΙ ｘ や∠ヱ あヱギ⊥ ピ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰヤ⊥⇒∠ヤニ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ワ∇ゲミ∠ ヱ∠ (And t o Allah (alone) all who are in t he heavens and t he eart h fall in prost rat ion, willingly or unwillingly, and so do t heir shadows in t he mornings and in t he aft ernoons.) (13:15)

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and t he angels, and t hey are not proud.) means, t hey prost rat e t o Allah and are not t oo proud t o worship Him.

び∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ⇒∠ガΑ∠ ぴ (They fear t heir Lord above t hem) means, t hey prost rat e out of fear of t heir Lord, may He be glorified.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲョ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey do what t hey are commanded.) meaning t hey cont inually obey Allah, doing what He t ells t hem t o do and avoiding t hat which He forbids.

∀ヮ⇒ャ͡ま ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ リ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇をや リ ͡ ∇Βヰ∠ ⇒ャ͡ま ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇ケゅ∠プ ヶ ∠ ⇒ｚΑみ∠プ ∀ギ͡ェや∠ヱ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇Βピ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔らタ ͡ や∠ヱ リ ⊥ Αあギャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゲぁ ツ ぁ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚジョ∠ や∠クま͡ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ プ∠ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇バルあ リあョ ユ⊥ムよ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゲｚ ツ ぁ ャや ブ ∠ ゼ ∠ ミ∠ や∠クま͡ ｚユを⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠∇イゎ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠み͡プ∠

べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΒ∠ ャ͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ム∇レョあ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や￢ (51. And Allah said "Do not worship t wo gods. Indeed, He (Allah) is only One God. Then fear Me Alone.) (52. To Him belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and t he eart h and t he religion. Will you t hen fear any ot her t han Allah) (53. And what ever of blessings and good t hings you have, it is from Allah. Then, when harm t ouches you, unt o Him you cry aloud for help.) (54. Then, when He has removed t he harm from you, behold! some of you associat e ot hers in worship wit h t heir Lord (Allah).) (55. So t hey are ungrat eful for t hat which We have given t hem! Then enj oy yourselves but you will soon come t o know.)

Allah Alone is Deserving of Worship Allah t ells us t hat t here is no god but He, and t hat no one else should be worshipped except Him, alone, wit hout part ners, for He is t he Sovereign, Creat or, and Lord of all t hings.

びゅ⇔らタ ͡ や∠ヱ リ ⊥ Αあギャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (His is t he religion Wasiba) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Maymun bin Mahran, As-Suddi, Qat adah and ot hers said t hat t his means forever. It was also report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "It means obligat ory.'' Muj ahid said: "It means purely for Him,'' i.e., worship is due t o Him Alone, from whoever is in t he heavens and on eart h. As Allah says:

ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ͡ Α͡キ ゲ∠ ∇Βピ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ワ∇ゲミ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ハ∇ヲデ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ (Do t hey seek ot her t han t he religion of Allah, while t o Him submit t ed all creat ures in t he heavens and t he eart h, willingly or unwillingly. And t o Him shall t hey all be ret urned.) (3:83) This is in accordance wit h t he opinion of Ibn ` Abbas and ` Ikrimah, which is t hat t his Ayah is merely st at ing t he case. According t o t he opinion of Muj ahid, it is by way of inst ruct ion, i.e., it is saying: You had bet t er fear associat ing part ners in worship wit h Me, and be sincere in your obedience t o Me. As Allah says:

び⊥ゾャ͡ゅ∠ガ∇ャや リ ⊥ Αあギャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Surely, t he pure religion (sincere devot ion) is for Allah only.) (39:3) Then Allah t ells us t hat He is t he One Who has t he power t o benefit and harm, and t hat t he provisions, blessings, good healt h and help, His servant s enj oy are from His bount y and graciousness t owards t hem.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠∇イゎ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠み͡プ∠ ゲぁ ツ ぁ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚジョ∠ や∠クま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then, when harm t ouches you, t o Him you cry aloud for help.) meaning because you know t hat none has t he power t o remove t hat harm except for Him, so when you are harmed, you t urn t o ask Him for help and beg Him for aid. As Allah says:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ リ∠ョ モ ｚッ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゲぁ ツ ぁ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚジョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ッゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚイル∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ロ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ Ι ∠ ま͡ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘミ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡や (And when harm t ouches you at sea, t hose t hat you call upon vanish, except for Him. But when He brings you safe t o land, you t urn away. And man is ever ungrat eful.)(17:67) Here, Allah t ells us:

∇ユヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ム∇レョあ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ や∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゲｚ ツ ぁ ャや ブ ∠ ゼ ∠ ミ∠ や∠クま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や￢ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΒ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ (Then, when He has removed t he harm from you, behold! some of you associat e ot hers in worship wit h t heir Lord (Allah). So t hey are ungrat eful for t hat which We have given t hem!) (16:54-55) It was said t hat t he Lam here (t ranslat ed as "So'') is an indicat or of sequence, or t hat it serves an explanat ory funct ion, meaning, ` We decreed t hat t hey would conceal t he t rut h and deny t he blessings t hat Allah has best owed upon t hem. He is t he One Who best ows blessings and t he One Who removes dist ress.' Then Allah t hreat ens t hem, saying:

び∇やヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then enj oy yourselves) meaning, do what you like and enj oy what you have for a lit t le while.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (but you will soon come t o know.) meaning t he consequences of t hat .

∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∂ヨョあ ゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∇イ∠Α∠ヱぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ｚリヤ⊥⇒∠∇ジわ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ∠ゎ ゲ∠ ゼ あ よ⊥ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レら∠ ∇ャや

- ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ミ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ や６キ∠ヲ∇ジョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ モ ｚニ ∠ ヴ∠ん∇ルΙ ｙ ゅ͡よ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ム⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゲ∠ ゼ あ よ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ￢͡ ヲ⊥シ リ͡ョ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ン∠ケや∠ヲわ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ べ∠シ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠ゲわぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ぁシギ⊥ Α∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ラ ∃ ヲ⊥ワ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ￢͡ ∇ヲジ ｚ ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ び ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇ハｘΙや モ ⊥ ん∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヱ∠ (56. And t hey assign a port ion of t hat which We have provided t hem wit h, t o what t hey have no knowledge of (false deit ies). By Allah, you shall cert ainly be quest ioned about (all) t hat you used t o fabricat e.) (57. And t hey assign daught ers t o Allah! Glorified (and Exalt ed) is He (above all t hat t hey associat e wit h Him!). And for t hemselves (t hey assign) what t hey desire;) (58. And when t he news of (t he birt h of) a female (child) is brought t o any of t hem, his face becomes dark, and he is filled wit h inner grief!) (59. He hides himself from t he people because of t he evil of what he has been informed. Shall he keep her wit h dishonor or bury her in t he eart h Cert ainly, evil is t heir decision.) (60. For t hose who do not believe in t he Hereaft er is an evil descript ion, and for Allah is t he highest descript ion. And He is t he All-Might y, t he All-Wise.)

Among the Behavior of the Idolators was vowing to Things that Allah had provided for Them to their gods Allah t ells us about some of t he heinous deeds of t hose who used t o perform baseless worship of ot her gods besides Him, such as idols and st at ues, wit h no grounds for doing so. They gave t heir idols a share of t hat which Allah had provided for t hem,

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ ゅ∠レも͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ ゼ ⊥ ャ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ハゴ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ モ ⊥ダ ͡ Α∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ ゼ ⊥ ャ͡ び∠ラヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ べ∠シ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ モ ⊥ダ ͡ Α∠ (They say: "This is for Allah,'' according t o t heir claim, "and t his is for our part ners.'' But t he share of t heir "part ners'' is not direct ed t o Allah, while t he share of Allah is direct ed t o t heir "part ners''! How evil is t hat wit h which t hey j udge) (6:136) That is t hey assigned a share for t heir idols as well as Allah, but t hey gave preference t o t heir gods over Him, so Allah swore by His Almight y Self t o quest ion t hem about t hese lies and fabricat ions. He will most cert ainly call t hem t o account for it and give t hem t he unrelent ing punishment in t he fire of Hell. So He says,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ｚリヤ⊥⇒∠∇ジわ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ∠ゎぴ

(By Allah, you shall cert ainly be quest ioned about (all) t hat you used t o fabricat e.) Then Allah t ells us how t hey used t o regard t he angels, who are servant s of t he Most Merciful, as being female, and t hat t hey considered t hem t o be Allah's daught ers, and t hey worshipped t hem wit h Him. In all of t he above, t hey made very serious errors. They at t ribut ed offspring t o Him when He has no offspring, t hen t hey assigned Him t he kind of offspring t hey regarded as inferior, namely daught ers, which t hey did not even want for t hemselves, as He said:

ン∠ゴΒ͡ッ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ジホ͡ や⇔ク͡ま マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ - ヴ∠んルｙΙや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ミ∠ ｚグャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び (Are t he males for you and t he females for Him That is indeed an unfair division!) (53:21-22) And Allah says here:

び⊥ヮル∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レら∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∇イ∠Α∠ヱぴ (And t hey assign daught ers unt o Allah! Glorified (and Exalt ed) is He.) meaning, above t heir claims and fabricat ions.

∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ム͡ ∇プま͡ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ヰルｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ Β͡レら∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠レら∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヘト ∠ ∇タぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ∇エゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ (But no! It is from t heir falsehood t hat t hey say: "Allah has begot t en.'' They are cert ainly liars! Has He (t hen) chosen daught ers rat her t han sons What is t he mat t er wit h you How do you decide) (37:151-154)

び∠ラヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And for t hemselves, what t hey desire;) meaning t hey choose t he males for t hemselves, rej ect ing t he daught ers t hat t hey assign t o Allah. Exalt ed be Allah far above what t hey say!

The Idolators' Abhorrence for Daughters

びや６キヲ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ モ ｚニ ∠ ヴ∠ん∇ルΙ ｙ ゅ͡よ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ゼ あ よ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he news of (t he birt h of) a female (child) is brought t o any of t hem, his face becomes dark) meaning wit h dist ress and grief.

び∀ユΒ͡ヌミ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and he is filled wit h inner grief!) meaning he is silent because of t he int ensit y of t he grief he feels.

び͡ュ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ン∠ケや∠ヲわ∠ Α∠ ぴ (He hides himself from t he people) meaning he does not want anyone t o see him.

ヮ⊥ ぁシギ⊥ Α∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ラ ∃ ヲ⊥ワ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ム⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゲ∠ ゼ あ よ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ￢͡ ヲ⊥シ リ͡ョぴ び͡ゆや∠ゲわぁ ャや ヴ͡プ (because of t he evil of t hat whereof he has been informed. Shall he keep her wit h dishonor or bury her in t he eart h) meaning should he keep her, humiliat ing her, not let t ing her inherit from him and not t aking care of her, pref erring his male children over her

び͡ゆや∠ゲわぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ぁシギ⊥ Α∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (or bury her in t he eart h) meaning bury her alive, as t hey used t o do during t he days of ignorance. How could t hey dislike somet hing so int ensely, yet at t ribut e it t o Allah

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ べ∠シ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Cert ainly, evil is t heir decision.) meaning how evil are t he words t hey say, t he way t hey want t o share t hings out and t he t hings t hey at t ribut e t o Him. As Allah says:

モ ｚニ ∠ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ワギ⊥ ∠ェ∠ぺ ゲ∠ ゼ あ よ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ミ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔キ∂ ヲ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ (And if one of t hem is informed of t he news of (t he birt h of a girl) t hat which he set s fort h as a parable t o t he Most Gracious (Allah), his face becomes dark, and he is filled wit h grief!) (43:17). Here, Allah says:

び͡￢∇ヲジ ｚ ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ぴ (For t hose who do not believe in t he Hereaft er t here is an evil descript ion,) meaning, only imperfect ion is t o be at t ribut ed t o

びヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ｘやモ ⊥ ん∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and for Allah is t he highest descript ion) meaning He is absolut ely perfect in all ways and t his absolut e perfect ion is His Alone.

び⊥ユΒ͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He is t he All-Might y, t he All-Wise.)

ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤヌ ⊥ よ͡ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや グ⊥ カ ͡ や∠ぽΑ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ あカぽ∠ Α⊥ リ͡ムャ∠ヱ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョギ͡ ∇ボわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲガ ͡ ⇒∠わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ わ⊥ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ブ ⊥ ダ ͡ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ワ∠ゲ∇ム∠Α ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∇イ∠Α∠ヱ ケ∠ ゅｚレ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ュ∠ ゲ∠ ィ ∠ Ι ∠ ヴレ∠ ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥デゲ∠ ∇ヘョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ (61. And if Allah were t o punish (all) mankind for t heir wrongdoing, He would not leave on it (t he eart h) a single moving creat ure, but He defers t hem t o an appoint ed t erm; and when t heir t erm comes, t hey can neit her delay nor advance it an hour (or a moment ).) (62. They assign t o Allah t hat which t hey dislike (f or t hemselves), and t heir t ongues assert t he lie t hat t he bet t er t hings will be t heirs. No doubt t he Fire is for t hem, and t hey will be forsaken.)

Allah does not immediately punish for Disobedience Allah t ells us about His pat ience wit h His creat ures, even t hough t hey do wrong. If He were t o punish t hem for what t hey have done, t here would be no living creat ure left on t he face of t he eart h, i.e., He would have dest royed every animal on eart h aft er dest roying t he sons of Adam. But t he Lord - magnificent is His glory - is forbearing and He covers people's fault s. He wait s unt il t he appoint ed t ime, i.e., He does not rush t o punish t hem. If He did, t hen t here would be no one left . Ibn Jarir report ed t hat Abu Salamah said: "Abu Hurayrah heard a man saying, ` The wrongdoer harms no one but himself.' He t urned t o him and said, ` That is not t rue, by Allah! Even t he buzzard dies in it s nest because of t he sins of t he wrongdoer.'''

They attribute to Allah what They Themselves dislike

び∠ラヲ⊥ワゲ∠ ∇ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∇イ∠Α∠ヱぴ (They assign t o Allah t hat which t hey dislike (for t hemselves),) meaning, daught ers, and part ners, who are merely His servant s, yet none of t hem would like t o have someone sharing in his wealt h.

びヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ わ⊥ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ブ ⊥ ダ ͡ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t heir t ongues assert t he lie t hat t he bet t er t hings will be t heirs.) This is a denunciat ion of t heir claims t hat bet t er t hings will be t heirs in t his world, and in t he Hereaft er. Allah t ells us about what some of t hem said, as in t he Ayat :

ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ワゅ∠レ∇ハゴ∠ ル∠ ｚユを⊥ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゅｚレ͡ョ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡ や ゅ∠レ∇ホク∠ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ￢∠ へｚゲッ ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∠￢べ∠ヨ∇バ∠ル ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ホク∠ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ミ ∀サヲ⊥ゃ∠Β∠ャ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ゥ ∀ ゲ͡ ヘ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヶあレハ ∠ れ ⊥ ゅ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ょ ∠ ワ∠ ク∠ リ ｚ ャ∠ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わｚジョ∠ び ∀ケヲ⊥ガ∠プ (And if We give man a t ast e of mercy from Us, and t hen t ake it from him, verily! He is hopelessly, ungrat eful. But if We let him t ast e of goodness aft er harm has t ouched him, he is sure t o say: "Ills have depart ed from me.'' Surely, he is cheerful, and boast ful (ungrat eful t o Allah).) (11:9-10)

ヮ⊥ ∇わｚジョ∠ ￢∠ へｚゲッ ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅｚレョあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホク∠ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ͡ゃャ∠ヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ も͡ べホ∠ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ぁリニ ⊥ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ や∠グ⇒∠ワ リ ｚ ャ∠ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ リ ｚ ゃ∠ らあ レ∠ レ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ヤャ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヴ͡ャ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇バィ あ ケぁ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ボ∠ Α͡グレ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや びナ ∃ Β͡ヤビ ∠ (And if We give him a t ast e of mercy from Us, aft er some adversit y has t ouched him, he is sure t o say: "This is due t o me; I do not t hink t hat t he Hour will occur. But if I am brought back t o my Lord, t hen , wit h Him, t here will surely be t he best for me.'' Then, We will cert ainly show t he disbelievers what t hey have done, and We shall make t hem t ast e severe t orment .) (41:50)

Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ョ リ ｚ Β∠ ゎ∠ ヱΕ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ン͡グャｚや ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ ヱ∠ (Have you seen t he one who disbelieved in Our Ayat and said: "I shall cert ainly be given wealt h and children (if I came back t o life).'') (19:77) Allah t ells us about one of t he t wo men:

ギ∠ Β͡らゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ぁリニ ⊥ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャあ ∀ユ͡ャゅ∠ニ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ レｚ イ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ぴ ヴ∠ャま͡ れ ぁ キ͡キケぁ リ͡ゃャ∠ヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ホ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ぁリニ ⊥ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ び ゅ⇔ら∠ヤボ∠ ∇レョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ｚ ギ∠ ィ ͡Ε ∠ ヴあよケ∠ (He went int o his garden while wronging himself. He said: "I do not t hink t hat t his will ever perish. And I do not t hink t hat t he Hour will ever come, and if indeed I am brought back t o my Lord, (on t he Day of Resurrect ion), t hen surely, I shall find bet t er t han t his when I ret urn t o Him.'') (18:35-36) These people combined bad deeds wit h t he false hopes of being rewarded wit h good for t hose bad deeds, which is impossible. Thus Allah refut ed t heir false hopes, when He said:

び∠ュゲ∠ ィ ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (No doubt ), meaning, t ruly it is inevit able t hat

び∠ケゅｚレ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ぴ (for t hem is t he Fire), meaning, on t he Day of Resurrect ion.

び∠ラヲ⊥デゲ∠ ∇ヘョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey will be forsaken). Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Qat adah and ot hers said: "This means t hey will be forgot t en and neglect ed t here.'' This is like t he Ayah:

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユヰ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ジレ∠ル ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プぴ (So t oday We forget t hem j ust as t hey forgot meet ing on t his day of t heirs.) (7:51). It was also report ed from Qat adah t hat ,

び∠ラヲ⊥デゲ∠ ∇ヘョぁ ぴ

(t hey will be forsaken) means ` t hey are hast ened int o t he Fire.' There is no cont radict ion bet ween t he t wo, because t hey will be hast ened int o t he Fire on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hen t hey will be forgot t en t here, i.e., left t o dwell t here for et ernit y.

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Αｚ ゴ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ユ∃ ョ∠ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅゎ∠ ぴ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ぁΒャ͡ヱ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∠ャゅ∠ヨ∇ハ∠ぺ リ ⊥ ⇒あ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βあら∠ わ⊥ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ェほ∠プ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ る⇔ Α∠ Γ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ (63. By Allah, We indeed sent (Messengers) t o t he nat ions before you, but Shayt an made t heir deeds seeming fair t o t hem. So t oday he is t heir helper, and t heirs will be a painful t orment . ) (64. And We have not revealed t he Book t o you, except t hat you may clearly explain t o t hem t hose t hings in which t hey differ, and (as) a guidance and a mercy for a people who believe.) (65. And Allah sends wat er down from t he sky, t hen He revives t he eart h wit h it aft er it s deat h. Surely t hat is a sign for people who list en.)

Finding Consolation in the Reminder of Those Who came before Allah says, ` He sent Messengers t o t he nat ions of t he past , and t hey were rej ect ed. You, O Muhammad, have an example in your brot hers among t he Messengers, so do not be dist ressed by your people's rej ect ion. As for t he idolat ors' rej ect ion of t he Messengers, t he reason for t his is t hat t he Shayt an made t heir deeds at t ract ive t o t hem.'

び∠ュ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ぁΒャ͡ヱ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (So t oday he (Shayt an) is t heir helper,) meaning t hey will be suffering punishment while Shayt an is t heir only helper, and he cannot save t hem, so t hey have no one t o answer t heir calls for help, and t heirs is a painful punishment .

The Reason why the Qur'an was revealed Then Allah says t o His Messenger t hat He has revealed t he Book t o him t o explain t he t rut h t o mankind in mat t ers which t hey disput e over. So t he Qur'an is a decisive arbit rat or for every issue t hat t hey argue about .

びン∠ギワ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and (as) a guidance) meaning, for t heir heart s.

び⇔るヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and a mercy) meaning, for t he one who adheres t o it .

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあぴ (for a people who believe.) Just as Allah causes t he Qur'an t o bring life t o heart s t hat were dead from disbelief, so He brings t he eart h t o life aft er it has died, by sending down wat er from t he sky.

び∠ラヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ る⇔ Α∠ Γ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely t hat is a sign for people who list en.) meaning t hose who underst and t he words and t heir meanings.

ヴ͡プ ゅｚヨョあ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ボ∇ジルぁ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇らバ͡ ャ∠ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ⇔ピも͡ べ∠シ ゅ⇔ダャ͡ゅ∠カ ゅ⇔レら∠ ャｚ ュ∃ キ∠ ヱ∠ ゐ ∃ ∇ゲプ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ょ ͡ ⇒∠レ∇ハΙ ｘ や∠ヱ モ ͡ Β͡ガレｚ ャや れ ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ を∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ - ∠リΒ͡よ͡ケゅｚゼヤ͡ャ る⇔ Α∠ Γ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔レジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲム∠ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∠ラヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ (66. And t here is indeed a lesson for you in t he An'am (cat t le). We have made a drink for you out of what is in it s belly, from bet ween excret ions and blood, pure milk; palat able t o t he drinkers.) (67. And from t he fruit s of dat e palms and grapes, you derive st rong drink and a goodly provision. There is indeed a sign in t his for t hose of reason.)

Lessons and Blessings in Cattle and the Fruit of the Date-palm and Grapevine

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(t here is for you) - O mankind -

び͡ユ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プぴ (in t he cat t le) - meaning camels, cows and sheep,

び⇔りゲ∠ ∇らバ͡ ャ∠ぴ (a lesson) meaning a sign and an evidence of t he wisdom, power, mercy and kindness of t he Creat or.

び͡ヮル͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅｚヨョあ ∇ユム⊥ Βボ͡ ∇ジルぁ ぴ (We have made a drink for you out of what is in it s belly) meaning it s singular forms refers t o one cat t le, or it could refer t o t he whole species. For cat t le are t he creat ures which provide a drink from what is in t heir bellies and in anot her Ayah it is ` in t heir bellies.' Eit her way is plausible. He said,

びゅ⇔ダャ͡ゅ∠カ ゅ⇔レら∠ ャｚ ュ∃ キ∠ ヱ∠ ゐ ∃ ∇ゲプ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョぴ (from bet ween excret ions and blood, pure milk;) meaning it is free of blood, and is pure in it s whit eness, t ast e and sweet ness. It is bet ween excrement and blood in t he belly of t he animal, but each of t hem goes it s own way aft er t he food has been fully digest ed in it s st omach. The blood goes t o t he veins, t he milk goes t o t he udder, t he urine goes t o t he bladder and t he feces goes t o t he anus. None of t hem get s mixed wit h anot her aft er separat ing, and none of t hem is affect ed by t he ot her.

び∠リΒ͡よケ͡ ゅｚゼヤ͡ャ ゅ⇔ピ͡もべ∠シ ゅ⇔ダャ͡ゅ∠カ ゅ⇔レら∠ ャｚぴ (pure milk; palat able t o t he drinkers.) meaning not hing t o cause one t o choke on it . When Allah ment ions milk and how He has made it a palat able drink for mankind, He follows t his wit h a reference t o t he drinks t hat people make from t he fruit s of t he dat e palm and grapevine, and what t hey used t o do wit h int oxicat ing Nabidh (drink made from dat es) before it was forbidden. Thus He reminds t hem of His blessings, and says:

ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚゎ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠レ∇ハΙ ｘ や∠ヱ モ ͡ Β͡ガレｚ ャや れ ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ を∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ びや⇔ゲム∠ シ ∠ (And from t he fruit s of dat e palms and grapes, you derive st rong drink) This indicat es t hat it was permissible t o drink it before it was forbidden. It also indicat es t hat st rong drink (i.e., int oxicat ing drink) derived from dat es is t he same as st rong drink derived from grapes. Also forbidden are st rong drinks derived from wheat , barley, corn and honey, as is explained in det ail in t he Sunnah.

びゅ⇔レジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲム∠ シ ∠ぴ (st rong drink and a goodly provision.) Ibn ` Abbas said: "St rong drink is t he product of t hese t wo fruit s t hat is forbidden, and t he good provision is what is permit t ed of t hem.'' According t o anot her report : "St rong drink is it s unlawful, and t he goodly provision is it s lawful,'' referring t o t he fruit s when t hey are dried, like dat es and raisins, or product s derived from t hem such as molasses, vinegar and wine (of grapes, dat es) which are permissible t o drink before t hey become st rong (becomes alcoholic), as was st at ed in t he Sunnah.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ る⇔ Α∠ Γ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (There is indeed a sign in t his for t hose of reason.) It is appropriat e t o ment ion reason here, because it is t he noblest feat ure of man. Hence Allah forbade t his Ummah from drinking int oxicant s, in order t o prot ect t heir abilit y t o reason. Allah says:

ゅ∠ル∇ゲイ ｚ プ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ∃ Β͡ガルｚ リあョ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ∇わヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ を∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ͡ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥Βバ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ペ∠ヤカ ∠ ン͡グャｚや リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや ろ ⊥ ら͡ レ⊥ゎ ゅｚヨョ͡ ゅ∠ヰヤｚミ⊥ ァ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇コΙ ｘや び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱ (And We placed gardens of dat e palms and grapes in it , and We caused springs of wat er t o gush fort h in it . So t hat t hey may eat of it s fruit - while t heir hands did not make it . Will t hey not t hen give t hanks Glory be t o Him Who creat ed all t he pairs of t hat which t he eart h produces, as well as t heir own (human) kind (male and female), and of t hat which t hey know not .) (36:3436)

メ ͡ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ン͡グガ ͡ ゎｚ や ラ ͡ ぺ∠ モ ͡ ∇エレｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヴ∠ェ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥セゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱ ゲ͡ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥Βよ⊥ Κ ⇔ ャ⊥ク⊥ マ ͡ よあ ケ∠ モ ∠ ら⊥ シ ⊥ ヴ͡ムヤ⊥∇シゅ∠プ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ んｚ ャや あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ヴ͡ヤミ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ヮ⊥ ル⊥ や∠ヲ∇ャぺ∠ ブ ∀ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガョぁ ∀ゆや∠ゲ∠セ ゅ∠ヰ͡ルヲ⊥トよ⊥ リ͡ョ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ る⇔ Α∠ Γ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ

(68. And your Lord inspired t he bee, saying: "Take you habit at ions in t he mount ains and in t he t rees and in what t hey (humans) erect .'') (69. "Then, eat of all fruit s, and follow t he rout es t hat your Lord made easy (for you).'' There comes fort h from t heir bellies, a drink of varying colors, in which t here is a cure for men. There is indeed a sign in t hat for people who reflect .)

In the Bee and its Honey there is Blessing and a Lesson What is meant by inspirat ion here is guidance. The bee is guided t o make it s home in t he mount ains, in t rees and in st ruct ures erect ed by man. The bee's home is a solid st ruct ure, wit h it s hexagonal shapes and int erlocking forms t here is no looseness in it s combs. Then Allah decrees t hat t he bee will have permission t o eat from all fruit s and t o follow t he ways which Allah has made easy for it , wherever it want s t o go in t he vast spaces of t he wilderness, valleys and high mount ains. Then each bee comes back t o it s hive wit hout swerving t o t he right or left , it comes st raight back t o it s home where it s offspring and honey are. It makes wax from it s wings, and regurgit at es honey from it s mout h, and lays eggs from it s rear, t hen t he next morning it goes out t o t he fields again.

び⇔Κャ⊥ク⊥ マ ͡ よあ ケ∠ モ ∠ ら⊥ シ ⊥ ヴ͡ムヤ⊥∇シゅ∠プぴ (and follow t he rout es of your Lord made easy (for you)) Qat adah and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said: "This means, in an obedient way'', underst anding it t o be a descript ion of t he rout e of migrat ion. Ibn Zayd said t hat t his is like t he Ayah:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ミケ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤャｚク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have subdued t hem for t hem so t hat some t hey may ride and some t hey may eat .) (36:72) He said: "Do you not see t hat t hey move t he bees' home from one land t o anot her, and t he bees follow t hem'' The first opinion is clearly t he more likely, as it describes t he rout es t hat t he bees follow, i.e., ` follow t hese rout es as t hey are easy for you.' This was st at ed by Muj ahid. Ibn Jarir said t hat bot h opinions are correct .

ヮ͡ Β͡プ ヮ⊥ ル⊥ や∠ヲ∇ャぺ∠ ブ ∀ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガョぁ ∀ゆや∠ゲ∠セ ゅ∠ヰ͡ルヲ⊥トよ⊥ リ͡ョ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ぴ び͡サゅｚレヤ͡ャ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ (There comes fort h from t heir bellies, a drink of varying colors, wherein is healing for men.) ぴmeaning, honey, t hat isび whit e, yellow, red, or of ot her good colors, depending on t he different t hings t hat t he bees eat .

び͡サゅｚレヤ͡ャ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ ヮ͡ Β͡プぴ (in which t here is a cure for men.) meaning t here is a cure in honey for diseases t hat people suffer from. Some of t hose who spoke about t he st udy of Prophet ic medicine said t hat if ぴAllahび had said, ` in which t here is t he cure for men', t hen it would be t he remedy for all diseases, but He said, ` in which t here is a cure for men', meaning t hat it is t he right t reat ment for every "cold'' disease, because it is "hot '', and a disease should be t reat ed wit h it s opposit e. Al-Bukhari

and Muslim recorded in t heir Sahihs from Qat adah from Abu Al-Mut awakkil ` Ali bin Dawud AnNaj i from Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri t hat a man came t o t he Messenger of Allah and said, "My brot her is suffering from diarrhea''. He said,

«ゅ⇔ヤ∠ジ∠ハ ヮ͡ ボ͡ ∇シや» (Give him honey t o drink.) The man went and gave him honey, t hen he came back and said, "O Messenger of Allah! I gave him honey t o drink, and he only got worse.'' The Prophet said,

«ゅ⇔ヤ∠ジ∠ハ ヮ͡ ボ͡ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ょワ∠ ∇クや» (Go and give him honey t o drink.) So he went and gave him honey, t hen he came back and said, "O Messenger of Allah! it only made him worse. '' The Prophet said,

ヮ͡ ボ͡ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ょワ∠ ∇クや ∩∠マΒ͡カぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇トよ∠ ゆ ∠ グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ベ ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ » «ゅ⇔ヤ∠ジ∠ハ (Allah speaks t he t rut h and your brot her's st omach is lying. Go and give him honey t o drink.) So he went and gave him honey, and he recovered.'' It is report ed in t he Two Sahihs from ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o like sweet t hings and honey. This is t he wording of Al-Bukhari, who also report ed in his Sahih from Ibn ` Abbas t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

る͡ よ∠ ∇ゲセ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∃ユイ ∠ ∇エョ͡ る͡ デ ∠ ∇ゲセ ∠ ヶ͡プ :る∃ を∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ヶ͡プ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ヘゼ あ ャや» «ヶ∠ム∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∃ケゅ∠レよ͡ る∃ Βｚ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∃モジ ∠ハ ∠ (Healing is t o be found in t hree t hings: t he cut made by t he cupper, or drinking honey, or in branding wit h fire (caut erizing), but I have forbidden my Ummah t o use branding.)

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ る⇔ Α∠ Γ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (There is indeed a sign in t hat for people who reflect .) meaning in t he fact t hat Allah inspires t his weak lit t le creat ure t o t ravel t hrough t he vast fields and feed from every kind of fruit , t hen gat her it for wax and honey, which are some of t he best t hings, in t his is a sign for people who t hink about t he might and power of t he bee's Creat or Who causes all of t his t o happen. From t his t hey learn t hat He is t he Init iat or, t he All-Powerful, t he All-Wise, t he All-Knowing, t he Most Generous, t he Most Merciful.

ヴ∠ャま͡ ぁキゲ∠ Α⊥ リｚョ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヴム∠ ャ͡ ゲ͡ ヨ⊥ バ⊥ ∇ャや メ ͡ ク∠ ∇ケぺ∠ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ (70. And Allah creat ed you and t hen He will cause you t o die; and among you t here are some who are sent back t o senilit y, so t hat t hey know not hing aft er having known (much). Truly, Allah is Knowing, capable of all t hings.)

In Man there is a Lesson Allah t ells us t hat He is cont rolling t he affairs of His servant s. He is t he One Who creat ed t hem out of not hing, t hen He will cause t hem t o die. But t here are some of t hem t hat He allows t o grow old, which is a physical weakness, as Allah says:

ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ブ ∃ ∇バッ ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ び∃りヲｚ ホ⊥ ブ ∃ ∇バッ ∠ (Allah is He Who creat ed you in (a st at e of) weakness, t hen gave you st rengt h aft er weakness, t hen aft er st rengt h gave (you) weakness) (30:54)

びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヴム∠ ャ͡ぴ (so t hat t hey know not hing aft er having known.) meaning, aft er he knew t hings, he will reach a st age where he knows not hing because of weakness of mind due t o old age and senilit y. Thus Al-Bukhari, when comment ing on t his Ayah, report ed a narrat ion from Anas bin Malik t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o pray:

メ ͡ ク∠ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ュゲ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ジ ∠ ム∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇ガら⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠» ゅ∠Β∇エヨ∠ ∇ャや る͡ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ヱ∠ メ ͡ ゅｚィギｚ ャや る͡ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ヱ∠ ∩͡ゲ∇らボ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ヨ⊥ バ⊥ ∇ャや «れゅ∠ヨヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (I seek refuge wit h You from miserliness, laziness, old age, senilit y, t he punishment of t he grave, t he Fit nah of t he Daj j al and t he t rials of life and deat h.) Zuhayr bin Abi Sulma said, in his famous Mu` allaqah: "I became exhaust ed from t he responsibilit ies of life. Whoever lives for eight y years, no wonder he is t ired. I saw deat h hit t ing people like a crazed camel, and whoever it hit dies, but whoever is not hit lives unt il he grows old.''

ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ベ ͡ ∇コゲあ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ モ ∠ツ ｚ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇コケ͡ ンあキへ∠ゲよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤツ あ プ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや び ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∠エ∇イ∠Α ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ ら͡ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ (71. And Allah honored some of you over ot hers wit h wealt h and propert ies. Then, t hose who are so honored will by no means hand over t heir wealt h and propert ies t o t hose (capt ives of war) whom t heir right hands possess, so t hat t hey may be equal wit h t hem in t hat . Do t hey t hen deny t he favor of Allah)

There is a Sign and a Blessing in Matters of People's Livelihood Allah explains t o t he idolat ors t he ignorance and disbelief involved in t heir claim t hat Allah has part ners while also admit t ing t hat t hese part ners are His servant s. In t heir Talbiyah for Haj j , t hey used t o say, "Here I am, t here are no part ners for You except Your own part ner, You own him and everyt hing he owns.'' Allah says, denouncing t hem: ` You would not accept for your servant t o have an equal share in your wealt h, so how is it t hat Allah would accept His servant t o be His equal in divinit y and glory As Allah says elsewhere:

ゅｚョ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∇モワ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ぴ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ほプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ び∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ヘ∠ Β͡ガミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガゎ∠ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シ ヮ͡ Β͡プ (He set s fort h a parable for you from yourselves: Do you have part ners among t hose whom your right hands possess (i.e. your servant ) t o share as equals in t he wealt h We have grant ed you, t hose whom you fear as you fear each ot her) (30:28) Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas ment ioned t his Ayah, saying, "Allah is saying - ` If t hey did not want t heir servant t o have a share wit h t hem in t heir wealt h and wives, how can My servant have a share wit h Me in My power' Thus Allah says:

び∠ラヱ⊥ギエ ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ ら͡ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Do t hey t hen deny t he favor of Allah)'' According t o anot her report , Ibn ` Abbas said: "How can t hey accept for Me t hat which t hey do not accept for t hemselves''

び∠ラヱ⊥ギエ ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ ら͡ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Do t hey t hen deny t he favor of Allah) meaning, t hey assign t o Allah a share of t he t ilt h and cat t le which He has creat ed. They denied His blessings and associat ed ot hers in worship wit h Him. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said: "Umar bin Al-Khat t ab wrot e t his let t er t o Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari: ` Be

cont ent wit h your provision in t his world, for t he Most Merciful has honored some of His servant s over ot hers in t erms of provision as a t est of bot h. The one who has been given plent y is being t est ed t o see if he will give t hanks t o Allah and fulfill t he dut ies which are his by virt ue of his wealt h...''' It was report ed by Ibn Abi Hat im.

∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ィや∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ れ ͡ ゅ∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ム∠ホ∠コ∠ケ∠ヱ り⇔ ギ∠ ヘ∠ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レよ∠ ユ⊥ムィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ∇リョあ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ モ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡らプ∠ ぺ∠ (72. And Allah has made for you mat es of your own kind, and has made for you, from your mat es, sons and grandsons, and has grant ed you good provisions. Do t hey t hen believe in false deit ies and deny favor of Allah)

Among His Blessings and Signs are Mates, Children and Grandchildren Allah ment ions t he blessing He has best owed upon His servant by giving t hem mat es from among t hemselves, mat es of t heir own kind. If He had given t hem mat es of anot her kind, t here would be no harmony, love and mercy bet ween t hem. But out of His mercy He has made t he Children of Adam male and female, and has made t he females wives or mat es for t he males. Then Allah ment ions t hat from t hese wives He creat es children and grandchildren, one's children's children. This was t he opinion of Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Ad-Dahhak and Ibn Zayd. Shu` bah said, narrat ing from Abu Bishr from Sa` id bin Jubayr from Ibn ` Abbas: "Children and grandchildren, who are one's children and one's children's children.'' It was also said t hat t his means servant s and helpers, or it means sons-in-law or in-laws. I say: if we underst and

び⇔りギ∠ ヘ∠ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (grandsons) t o refer back t o wives, t hen it must mean children, children's children, and sons-inlaw, because t hey are t he husbands of one's daught er or t he children of one's wife.

び͡れゅ∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and has grant ed you good provisions.) meaning your food and drink. Then Allah denounces t hose who associat e ot hers in worship wit h t he One Who best ows blessings on t hem:

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ モ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡らプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Do t hey t hen believe in false deit ies), meaning idols and rivals t o Allah

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and deny t he favor of Allah) meaning, by concealing t he blessings t hat Allah has given t hem and at t ribut ing t hem t o ot hers. According t o a Sahih Hadit h, t he Prophet said:

∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ :ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ６レわ∠ ∇ヨョ⊥ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ギ͡ ∇らバ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» モ ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ∠ ∇ゲガ あシ ∠ ぺ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∨∠マ∇ョゲ͡ ∇ミぺ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∨∠マ∇ィヱあ コ∠ ぺ⊥ «∨⊥ノよ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ サ ⊥ ぺ∠∇ゲゎ∠ ポ ∠ ∇ケク∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠モよ͡ み͡∇ャや∠ヱ (Allah will say t o His servant on t he Day of Resurrect ion, reminding him of His blessings: "Did I not give you a wife Did I not honor you Did I not subj ect horses and camels t o your use, and cause you t o occupy a posit ion of leadership and honor'')

リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ Κ ∠ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ん∇ョΙ ｘ や ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ツゎ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ (73. And t hey worship ot hers besides Allah such as do not have power t o grant t hem any provision from t he heavens or t he eart h nor t he abilit y t o do so.) (74. So do not give examples on behalf of Allah. Truly, Allah knows and you know not .)

Denouncing the Worship of anything besides Allah Allah t ells us about t he Mushrikin who worship ot hers besides Him, even t hough He alone is t he bount iful Provider, t he Creat or and Sust ainer, wit hout part ners or associat es, but t hey st ill worship idols and make rivals for Him. He says:

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ (such as do not have power t o grant t hem any provision from t he heavens or t he eart h) meaning, nobody can cause rain t o fall, or make plant s and t rees grow. They cannot do t hese t hings for t hem- selves, even if t hey want ed t o. Thus Allah says:

び∠メゅ∠ん∇ョΙ ｘ や ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ツゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So do not give examples on behalf of Allah.) meaning, do not set up rivals t o Him or describe anyt hing as being like Him.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, Allah knows and you know not .) meaning, He knows and bears wit ness t hat t here is no god but Him, but you are ignorant and associat e ot hers in worship wit h Him.

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ミヲ⊥ヤ∇ヨョｚ や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ペ ⊥ ヘ͡ レ⊥Α ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔レジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ ゅｚレ͡ョ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇モよ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ∠ラヱ⊥ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ∇モワ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ヰィ ∠ ヱ∠ や６ゲシ ͡ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ (75. Allah gives t he example of a servant under t he possession of anot her, he has no power of any sort , and a man on whom We have best owed good provisions from Us, and he spends from t hat secret ly and openly. Can t hey be equal (By no means). All t he praises and t hanks are t o Allah. Nay! (But ) most of t hem know not .)

The Example of the Believer and the Disbeliever, or the Idol and the True God Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "This is t he example which Allah gives of t he disbeliever and t he believer.'' This was also t he view of Qat adah and Ibn Jarir. The servant who has no power over anyt hing is like t he disbeliever, and t he one who is given good provisions and spends of t hem secret ly and openly is like t he believer. Ibn Abi Naj ih report ed t hat Muj ahid said: "This is an example given of t he idol and t he True God - can t hey be t he same'' Once t he difference bet ween t hem is so clear and so obvious, no one can be unaware of it except t he one who is foolish. Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇モよ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (All t he praises and t hanks are t o Allah. Nay! (But ) most of t hem know not .)

ケ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ Ι ∠ ユ⊥ ム∠ ∇よぺ∠ べ∠ヨワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ィ ⊥ ケｚ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ヮぁ ヰあィヲ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ロ⊥ Ι∇ヲョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ｘ ミ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ͡ ∇ギバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ∇モワ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ び ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ (76. And Allah gives an example of t wo men, one of t hem dumb, who has no power over anyt hing, and he is a burden on his mast er; whichever way he direct s him, he brings no good. Is such a man equal t o one who commands j ust ice, and is himself on t he st raight pat h)

Another Example Muj ahid said, "This also refers t o idols and t he True God, may He be exalt ed.'' Meaning t hat t he idol is dumb and cannot speak or say anyt hing, good or ot herwise. It cannot do anyt hing at all, no words, no act ion, it is dependent and is a burden on it s mast er.

びぁヮヰあィヲ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ぴ (whichever way he direct s him,) meaning, wherever he sends him

び∃ゲ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (he brings no good.) meaning, he does not succeed in what he want s.

びン͡ヲわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇モワ∠ ぴ (Is such a man equal) meaning, a man who has t hese at t ribut es

び͡メ∇ギバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (t o one who commands j ust ice) meaning fairness, one whose words are t rue and whose deeds are right eous.

び∃ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and is himself on t he st raight pat h) Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "This is also an example of t he disbeliever and t he believer'', as in t he previous Ayah.

る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ょ ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ͡ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ウ ͡ ∇ヨヤ∠ミ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ リあョ ユ⊥ムィ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ - ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ノ∠ ∇ヨジ ｚ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βト ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ り∠ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プΕ ∠ や∠ヱ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ｚリヰ⊥ ム⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲあ ィ ∠ ヴ͡プ れ ∃ ゲ∠ ガ ｚジ ∠ ョ⊥ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ (77. And t o Allah belongs t he Unseen of t he heavens and t he eart h. And t he mat t er of t he Hour is not but as a t winkling of t he eye, or even nearer. Truly, Allah is able t o do all t hings.) (78. And Allah has brought you out from t he wombs of your mot hers while you knew not hing. And He gave you hearing, sight , and heart s, t hat you might give t hanks.) (79. Do t hey not see t he birds held (flying) in t he midst of t he sky None holds t hem up but Allah. Verily, in t his are clear signs for people who believe.)

The Unseen belongs to Allah and only He has Knowledge of the Hour Allah t ells us of t he perfect ion of His knowledge and abilit y t o do all t hings, by t elling us t hat He alone knows t he Unseen of t he heavens and t he eart h. No one knows anyt hing about such t hings except for what Allah informs about as He wills. His complet e power, which no one can oppose or resist , means t hat when He want s a t hing, He only has t o say t o it "Be!'' and it is, as Allah says:

び ゲ͡ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ウ ∃ ∇ヨヤ∠ミ∠ り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And Our commandment is but one as t he t winkling of an eye.) (54:50) meaning, what ever He wills happens in blinking. Thus Allah says here:

ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ͡ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ウ ͡ ∇ヨヤ∠ミ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∀ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ (And t he mat t er of t he Hour is not but as a t winkling of t he eye, or even nearer. Truly, Allah is Able t o do all t hings.) iElsewhere, Allah says:

び∃りギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘレ∠ ミ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ん⊥ ∇バよ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅｚョぴ (The processes of creat ing you all and resurrect ing you all are but like t hat of (t he creat ion and resurrect ion of) a single person.) (31:28)

Among the Favors Allah has granted People are Hearing, Sight and the Heart Then Allah ment ions His blessings t o His servant s in t hat He brought t hem from t heir mot hers' wombs not knowing a t hing, t hen He gives t hem hearing t o recognize voices, sight t o see visible t hings and heart s - meaning reason - whose seat , according t o t he correct view, is t he heart , alt hough it was also said t hat it s seat is t he brain. Wit h his reason, a person can dist inguish bet ween what is harmful and what is beneficial. These abilit ies and senses develop gradually in man. The more he grows, t he more his hearing, vision and reason increase, unt il t hey reach t heir peak. Allah has creat ed t hese facult ies in man t o enable him t o worship his Lord, so he uses all t hese organs, abilit ies and st rengt hs t o obey his Mast er. Al-Bukhari report ed in his Sahih from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ヶ͡ルコ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠よ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ゅ６Βャ͡ヱ∠ ヶャ͡ンン∠キゅ∠ハ ∇リョ∠ :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » モ ⊥ツ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶゼ ∠ よ͡ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ヶ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ゆ ∠ ゲｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩͡ゆ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ メ ⊥ や∠ゴΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ッゲ∠ わ∠ ∇プや ゅ∠ョ ￢͡ や∠キぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇らら∠ ∇ェぺ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ヮらｚ ェ ͡ ぺ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ モ ͡ プ͡ や∠ヲレｚ ャゅ͡よ ヶ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ゆ ⊥ ゲｚ ボ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ゲ⊥ ダ ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚや ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヨシ ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヶ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ ヶ͡わャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ィケ͡ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ズ ⊥ ト ͡ ∇らΑ∠ ヶ͡わャｚや ロ⊥ ギ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮレｚ ら∠ Β͡ィほ⊥ャ∠ ヶ͡ルゅ∠ハキ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩ヮ⊥ レｚ Β∠ ト ͡ ∇ハほ⊥ャ∠ ヶ͡レャ∠ほ∠シ ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ヶ͡プ れ ⊥ ∇キキｚ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮルｚ グ∠ Β͡ハほ⊥ャ∠ ヶ͡よ ク∠ ゅ∠バわ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヂ ͡ ∇らホ∠ ヶ͡プ ヵ͡キキぁ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ハ ͡ ゅ∠プ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ «ヮ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ｚギよ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ジョ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ムΑ∠ (Allah says: "Whoever t akes My friend as an enemy, has declared war on Me. My servant does not draw near t o Me wit h anyt hing bet t er t han his doing t hat which I have enj oined upon him, and My servant keeps drawing near t o Me by doing Nawafil (supererogat ory) deeds unt il I love

him. And when I love him, I am his hearing wit h which he hears, his vision wit h which he sees, his hand wit h which he st rikes and his foot wit h which he walks. Were he t o ask Me for anyt hing, I would give it t o him, if he were t o call on Me, I would respond, if he were t o seek Me for refuge I would surely grant him it . I do not hesit at e t o do anyt hing as I hesit at e t o t ake t he soul of My believing servant , because he hat es deat h and I hat e t o upset him, but it is inevit able.'') The meaning of t he Hadit h is t hat when a person is sincere in his obedience t owards Allah, all his deeds are done for t he sake of Allah, so he only hears for t he sake of Allah, he only sees for t he sake of Allah - meaning he only list ens t o or looks at what has been allowed by Allah. He does not st rike or walk except in obedience t o Allah, seeking Allah's help in all of t hese t hings. Thus in some versions of t he Hadit h, narrat ed out side t he Sahih, aft er t he phrase "his foot wit h which he walks'', t here is added:

ヶ͡よヱ∠ ∩⊥ズト ͡ ∇らΑ∠ ヶ͡よヱ∠ ∩⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ ヶよ͡ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ノヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヶ͡らプ∠ » «ヶ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ (So t hrough Me he hears, t hrough Me he sees, t hrough Me he st rikes and t hrough Me he walks.) Thus Allah says:

∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ り∠ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プΕ ∠ や∠ヱ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ノ∠ ∇ヨジ ｚ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ (And He gave you hearing, sight , and heart s t hat you might give t hanks.) Elsewhere, He says:

ノ∠ ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ り∠ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヱゲ⊥ ゼ ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ぺ∠ケ∠ ク∠ ン͡グャｚや (Say it is He Who has creat ed you, and endowed you wit h hearing and seeing, and heart s. Lit t le t hanks you give. Say: "It is He Who has creat ed you on t he eart h, and t o Him shall you be gat hered (in t he Hereaft er).'') (67:23-24)

In the Subjection of the Birds in the Sky there is a Sign Then Allah t ells His servant s t o look at t he birds held (flying) in t he sky, bet ween heaven and eart h, and how He has caused t hem t o fly wit h t heir wings in t he sky. They are held up only by Him, it is He Who gave t hem t he st rengt h t o do t hat , subj ect ing t he air t o carry t hem and support t hem. As Allah says in Surat Al-Mulk:

リ ∠ ∇ツら͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚヘ⇒⇒∠タ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βト ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ｚリヰ⊥ ム⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ (Do t hey not see t he birds above t hem, spreading t heir wings out and folding t hem in None holds t hem up except t he Most Gracious (Allah). Verily, He is t he All-Seer of everyt hing.) (67:19) And here Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t his are clear signs for people who believe.)

リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レム∠ シ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ∇バニ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲぁヘガ ͡ わ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や キ͡ ヲ⊥ヤィ ⊥ ゅ⇔ん⇒∠をぺ∠ べ∠ワケ͡ ゅ∠バ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワケ͡ ゅ∠よ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰプ͡ や∠ヲ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠ホま͡ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ - リ ∃ Β͡ェ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔バ⇒∠わョ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠レ∇ミぺ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ヤニ ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ シ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ユ⊥ムΒ͡ボゎ∠ モ ∠ Β͡よゲ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ゲｚ エ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ Β͡ボゎ∠ モ ∠ Β͡よや∠ゲシ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ぁユわ͡ Α⊥ びリ ⊥ Β͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヱ⊥ゲム͡ レ⊥Α ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (80. And Allah had made your homes a place of rest for you, and made dwellings for you out of t he hides of t he cat t le which you find so light when you t ravel and when you camp; and furnishings and art icles of convenience out of t heir wool, fur, and hair - comfort for a while.) (81. And Allah has made shade for you out of t hat which He has creat ed, and He has made places of refuge in t he mount ains for you, and He has made garment s for you t o prot ect you from t he heat , and coat s of mail t o prot ect you from your violence. Thus does He perfect His favor for you, t hat you may submit yourselves t o His will.) (82. Then, if t hey t urn away, your

dut y (O Muhammad) is only t o convey (t he Message) in a clear way.) (83. They recognize t he grace of Allah, yet t hey deny it (by worshipping ot hers besides Allah) and most of t hem are disbelievers.)

Homes, Furnishings and Clothing are also Blessings from Allah Allah ment ions His great blessings for His servant in t hat He has given t hem homes t o dwell in and prot ect t hemselves wit h, in which t hey find all kinds of benefit s. He has also given t hem homes from t he hides of cat t le, i.e., leat her, which are light and easy t o carry on j ourneys and can be erect ed wherever t hey st op, whet her t hey are t raveling or are set t led. Thus Allah says:

び∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠ホま͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ∇バニ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲぁヘガ ͡ わ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ぴ (which you find so light when you t ravel and when you camp;)

びべ∠ワケ͡ ゅ∠バ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワケ͡ ゅ∠よ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰプ͡ や∠ヲ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (out of t heir wool, fur and hair) refers t o sheep, camels and goat s respect ively.

び⇔ゅん⇒∠をぺ∠ぴ (furnishings) meaning what you t ake from t hem, i.e., wealt h. It was also said t hat it means art icles of convenience, or clot hing. The correct view is more general in meaning t han t his; it means t hat you make carpet s, clot hing and ot her t hings from t heir wool, hair et c., which you use as wealt h and for t rade. Ibn ` Abbas said: ` Al-At hat h means art icles of convenience and comfort .'' This was also t he view of Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan, ` At iyah Al` Awfi, ` At a' Al-Khurasani, Ad-Dahhak and Qat adah. The phrase,

び∃リΒ͡ェ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (for a while) means, unt il t he appoint ed t ime.

Shade, Places of Refuge in the Mountains, Garments and Coats of Mail are also Blessings from Allah

び⇔Κ⇒∠ヤニ ͡ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah has made shade for you out of t hat which He has creat ed,) Qat adah said: "This means t rees.''

び⇔ゅレ⇒∠レ∇ミぺ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and He has made places of refuge in t he mount ains for you,) meaning fort resses and st rongholds.

びｚゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ Β͡ボゎ∠ モ ∠ Β͡よや∠ゲジ ∠ ヨ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ぴ (and He has made garment s for you t o prot ect you from t he heat ,) meaning clot hing of cot t on, linen and wool.

び∇ユム⊥ シ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ユ⊥ムΒ͡ボゎ∠ モ ∠ Β͡よゲ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and coat s of mail t o prot ect you from your violence.) such as shields made of layers of sheet iron, coat s of mail and so on.

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ぁユわ͡ Α⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Thus does He perfect His favor for you,) meaning, t hus He gives you what you need t o go about your business, so t hat t his will help you t o worship and obey Him.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (t hat you may submit yourselves t o His will). This is int erpret ed by t he maj orit y t o mean submit t ing t o Allah or becoming Muslim.

All the Messenger has to do is convey the Message

び∇や∇ヲャｚ∠ヲ∠ゎ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (Then, if t hey t urn away,) meaning, aft er t his declarat ion and reminder, do not worry about t hem.

び⊥リΒ͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (your dut y (O Muhammad) is only t o convey (t he Message) in a clear way), and you have delivered t he Message t o t hem.

びゅ∠ヰル∠ ヱ⊥ゲム͡ レ⊥Α ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ぴ (They recognize t he grace of Allah, yet t hey deny it ) meaning t hey know t hat Allah is t he One Who grant s t hese blessings t o t hem, and t hat He is Bount iful t owards t hem, but t hey st ill deny t his by worshipping ot hers besides Him and t hinking t hat t heir help and provisions come from ot hers besides Him.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and most of t hem are disbelievers.)

リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ラ ⊥ ク∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らわ∠ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ブ ⊥ ｚヘガ ∠ Α⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ンぺ∠ケ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや や￢∠ケ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ルぼ⊥ べ∠ミ∠ゲセ ⊥ ￢Γ⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ や∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャほ∠プ マ ∠ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ や∇ヲハ ⊥ ∇ギル∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ヱ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠ジ ｚ ャや グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ び-ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇キコ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヱぁギタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや び-ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ (84. And on t he Day when We resurrect a wit ness from each nat ion, t hen t hose who disbelieve will not be given leave, nor will t hey be allowed (t o ret urn t o t he world) t o repent and ask for Allah's forgiveness.) 85. And once t hose who did wrong see t he t orment , it will not decrease for t hem, nor will t hey be given respit e.) (86. And when t hose who associat ed part ners wit h Allah see t heir part ners, t hey will say: "Our Lord! These are our part ners whom we used t o call upon besides you.'' But t hey will t hrow back t heir st at ement at t hem (saying): "You indeed are liars!'') (87. And t hey will offer (t heir full) submission t o Allah on t hat Day, and what t hey falsely invent ed will wander away from t hem.) (88. Those who disbelieved and t ried t o obst ruct t he pat h of Allah, for t hem We will add t orment on t op of t he t orment because of t he corrupt ion t hey spread.)

The Plight of the Idolators on the Day of Judgement

Allah t ells us about t he predicament of t he idolat ors on t he Day when t hey will be resurrect ed in t he realm of t he Hereaft er. He will raise a wit ness from every nat ion - t hat is - t heir Prophet , t o t est ify about t heir response t o t he Message he conveyed from Allah.

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ラ ⊥ ク∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen, t hose who disbelieved will not be given leave.) meaning, t hey will not be allowed t o offer any excuse, as Allah says:

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ͡ わ∠ ∇バΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ク∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボト ͡ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ び (That will be a Day when t hey do not speak. And t hey will not be permit t ed t o present any excuse) (77:35-36). Hence, Allah says:

び∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ンぺ∠ケ や∠クま͡ヲ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥らわ∠ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor will t hey be allowed (t o ret urn t o t he world) t o repent and ask for Allah's forgiveness. And once t hose who did wrong see) meaning t hose who associat ed ot hers in worship wit h Allah,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ブ ⊥ ｚヘガ ∠ Α⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∠ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャやぴ (t he t orment , it will not decrease for t hem,) meaning it will not be reduced for t hem even for a moment .

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヌ ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor will t hey be given respit e. ) meaning, it will not be delayed for t hem, rat her t hey will be t aken quickly from t he place of gat hering, wit h no calling t o account . Then Hell will be brought fort h, pulled by sevent y t housand ropes, each of which is held by sevent y t housand angels, and a neck will st ret ch fort h from Hell t owards t he people, and it will expel a gust of hot air. No one will be left but will fall t o his knees. Then it (t he neck t hat is st ret ched fort h) will say, "I have been ent rust ed t o deal wit h every st ubborn, arrogant one who j oined anot her god wit h Allah,'' and so and so, ment ioning different t ypes of people, as was report ed in t he Hadit h. Then it will come down upon t hem and pick t hem up from where t hey are st anding as a bird picks up a seed. Allah says:

⇔ゅヌぁΒ∠ピ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ シ ∠ ギ∃ Β͡バよ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョｚ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ぴ リ ∠ Β͡ルゲｚ ボ∠ ョぁ ゅ⇔ボあΒッ ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ャぺ⊥ へ∠クま∠ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡プコ∠ ヱ∠

や⇔ギ͡ェヱ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥らを⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ Ι ｚ - や⇔ケヲ⊥らを⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ ∇や∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ び や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥らを⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや∠ヱ (When it (Hell) sees t hem from a far place, t hey will hear it s raging and it s roaring. And when t hey are t hrown int o a narrow part of it , chained t oget her, t hey will cry for dest ruct ion. Today, do not scream for one dest ruct ion, but scream repeat edly for dest ruct ion.) (25:12-14)

ゅ∠ワヲ⊥バホ͡ や∠ヲョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲぁレヌ ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ぺケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔プゲ͡ ∇ダョ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ (And t he guilt y shall see t he Fire and apprehend t hat t hey are about t o fall int o it . And t hey will find no way t o avoid it .) (18:53)

リ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヲぁヘム⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ リ∠ハ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇らわ∠ プ∠ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ユ͡ヰΒ͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ∇モよ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワキｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (If only t hose who disbelieved knew (about t he t ime) when t hey will not be able t o prot ect t heir faces nor t heir backs from t he Fire, and t hey have no help. Nay, it (t he Fire) will come upon t hem all of a sudden and will perplex t hem, and t hey will have no power t o avert it nor will t hey have any respit e.) (21:39-40)

The gods of the Idolators will disown Them at the Time when They need them most Then Allah t ells us t hat t heir gods will disown t hem when t hey need t hem most . He says:

び∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや や∠￢∠ケ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t hose who associat ed part ners wit h Allah see t heir part ners) meaning, t hose whom t hey used t o worship in t his world.'

リ͡ョ や∇ヲハ ⊥ ∇ギル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ルぼ⊥ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ￢͡ Γ⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ び∠ラヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ や∇ヲ∠ボ∇ャほ∠プ マ ∠ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ (t hey will say: "Our Lord! These are our part ners whom we used t o call upon besides you.'' But t hey will t hrow t heir st at ement s back at t hem (saying): "You are indeed liars!'') i.e., t hose gods will say t o t hem, ` you are lying. We never commanded you t o worship us.' Allah says:

Ι ｚ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リｚヨョ͡ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ハキ⊥ リ∠ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ⊥ Β͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ギ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ゼ ͡ェ ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ (And who is more ast ray t han one who calls upon ot hers besides Allah, such as will not answer him t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion, and who are (even) unaware of t heir invocat ions t o t hem And when t he people are gat hered (on t he Day of Resurrect ion), t hey (false deit ies) will become t heir enemies and will deny t heir worship,) (46:5-6)

び や⇔ゴ∂ ハ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャあ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や￢ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ び や⇔ギ∂ ッ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠らバ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΒ∠ シ ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (And t hey have t aken gods besides Allah, t hat t hey might give t hem honor, power and glory. Nay, but t hey will deny t heir worship, and become t heir adversaries (on t he Day of Resurrect ion).) (19:81-82) Al-Khalil ぴIbrahimび said:

び∃ヂ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (but on t he Day of Resurrect ion, you will disown each ot her) ぴ29:25び And Allah says:

び∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ ぴ (And it will be said (t o t hem): "Call upon your part ners'') ぴ28:64び And t here are many ot her similar Ayat .

Everything will surrender to Allah on the Day of Resurrection

び∠ユヤ∠ジ ｚ ャや グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will offer (t heir full) submission t o Allah on t hat Day,) Qat adah and ` Ikrimah said: "They will humble t hemselves and surrender on t hat Day,'' i.e., t hey will all surrender t o Allah, t here will not be anyone who does not hear and obey. As Allah says:

びゅ∠レル∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ゲダ ͡ ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ノヨ͡ ∇シぺ∠ぴ (How clearly will t hey see and hear, t he Day when t hey will appear before Us!) ぴ19:38び meaning, t hey will see and hear bet t er t han t hey have ever seen and heard before. And Allah says:

ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユヰ͡ シ ͡ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ジミ͡ ゅ∠ル ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ク͡ ま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲダ ∠ ∇よぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ (And if you only could see when t he guilt y hang t heir heads before t heir Lord (saying): "Our Lord! We have now seen and heard.'') ぴ32:12び

び͡ュヲぁΒボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ あエ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヲ⊥ ∇ャや ろ ͡ レ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And (all) faces shall be humbled before t he Ever Living, t he Sust ainer.) ぴ20:111び meaning, t hey will humble and submit t hemselves.

ゅｚョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レハ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ヱ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠ジ ｚ ャや グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ (And t hey will offer (t heir full) submission t o Allah on t hat Day, and what t hey falsely invent ed will wander away from t hem.) The t hings t hat t hey used t o worship which were all based on fabricat ions and lies, will all disappear, and t hey will have no helper or support er, and no one t o t urn t o.

Those among the Idolators who corrupted Others will receive a Greater Punishment Then Allah t ells us:

∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇キコ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヱぁギタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ びゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ (Those who disbelieved and t ried t o obst ruct t he pat h of Allah, for t hem We will add t orment ) meaning one punishment for t heir disbelief and anot her punishment for t urning ot hers away from following t he t rut h, as Allah says:

び⊥ヮ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱほ∠∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey prevent ot hers from him and t hey t hemselves keep away from him) ぴ6:26び meaning t hey forbade ot hers t o follow him and t hey t hemselves shunned him, but :

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ヰΑ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (t hey dest royed only t hemselves, while t hey do not realize it .) This is evidence t hat t here will be varying levels of punishment for t he disbelievers, j ust as t here will be varying degrees of Paradise for t he believers, as Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∀ブ∇バ͡ッ ｙモム⊥ ャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (For each one t here is double (t orment ), but you know not .) ぴ7:38び

∇リョあ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヴプ͡ ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ル∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ Γ⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ モ あ ム⊥ ャあ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠Β∇らゎ͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ ヱ∠ (89. And on t he Day when We resurrect a wit ness from each nat ion from among t hemselves, and We bring you (O Muhammad) as a wit ness against t hese. And We have revealed t he Book (t he Qur'an) t o you as an explanat ion of everyt hing, a guidance, a mercy, and good news for t he Muslims.)

Every Prophet will bear Witness against his Nation on the Day of Resurrection Allah addressed His servant and Messenger Muhammad , saying:

∇リョあ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡￢Γ⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ (And on t he Day when We resurrect a wit ness from each nat ion from among t hemselves, and We bring you (O Muhammad) as a wit ness against t hese.), meaning, your Ummah. The Ayah means: remember t hat Day and it s t errors, and t he great honor and high posit ion t hat Allah has best owed upon you. This Ayah is like t he Ayah wit h which ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud ended when he recit ed t o t he Messenger of Allah from t he beginning of Surat An-Nisa'. When he reached t he Ayah:

マ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ ヱ∠ ギ∃ Β͡ヰゼ ∠ よ͡ る∃ ョｚ ぺ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ や∠クま͡ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ぴ び や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ￢͡ Ιぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (How (will it be) t hen, when We bring from each nat ion a wit ness and We bring you (O Muhammad) as a wit ness against t hese) ぴ4:41び t he Messenger of Allah said t o him:

«マ⊥ら∇ジェ ∠» (Enough.) Ibn Mas` ud said: "I t urned t o him and saw his eyes st reaming wit h t ears.''

The Qur'an explains Everything

び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ モ あ ム⊥ ャあ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠Β∇らゎ͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We revealed t he Book (t he Qur'an) t o you as an explanat ion of everyt hing,) Ibn Mas` ud said: "ぴAllahび made it clear t hat in t his Qur'an t here is complet e knowledge and about everyt hing.'' The Qur'an cont ains all kinds of beneficial knowledge, such as report s of what happened in t he past , informat ion about what is yet t o come, what is lawful and unlawful, and what people need t o know about t heir worldly affairs, t heir religion, t heir livelihood in t his world, and t heir dest iny in t he Hereaft er.

びン∠ギワ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (a guidance) means, for t heir heart s.

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (a mercy, and good news for t he Muslims.) Al-Awza` i said:

び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ モ あ ム⊥ ャあ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠Β∇らゎ͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have revealed t he Book (t he Qur'an) as an explanat ion of everyt hing,) meaning, wit h t he Sunnah. The is t he reason why t he phrase,

び∠ょ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have revealed t he Book t o you) is ment ioned immediat ely aft er t he phrase,

び͡￢Γ⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We shall bring you (O Muhammad) as a wit ness against t hese. ) t he meaning - and Allah knows best - is t hat t he One Who obligat ed you t o convey t he Book which He revealed t o you, will also ask you about t hat on t he Day of Resurrect ion.

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ｚ ヤ∠⇒∠∇ジレ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ヤ∠⇒∠∇ジレ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then We shall indeed quest ion t hose (people) t o whom it (t he Book) was sent and We shall indeed quest ion t he Messengers.) (7:6)

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚヨハ ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ヤ∠⇒∠∇ジレ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So by your Lord We quest ion t hem all about what t hey did.) (15:92-92)

Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らィ ͡ ぺ⊥ へ∠クゅ∠ョ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ モ ∠シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ びゆ ͡ ヲ⊥Βピ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ⇒ｚヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ べ∠レ∠ャ ユ∠ ∇ヤハ ͡ (On t he Day when Allah gat hers t he Messengers t oget her and says t o t hem: "What was t he response you received (t o your Message)'' They will say: "We have no knowledge, indeed only You are t he Knower of all t hat is hidden.'') (5:109) And Allah says:

ヴ∠ャま͡ ポ ∠ キぁ へ∠ゲャ∠ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ チ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ン͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び∃キゅ∠バョ∠ (Verily, He Who obligat ed t he Qur'an upon you (O Muhammad) will surely bring you back t o t he ret urn.) ぴ28:85び meaning, t he One Who gave you t he obligat ion of conveying t he Qur'an will bring you back t o Him, and your ret urn will be on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and He will quest ion you about you commission of t he dut y He gave you. This is one of t he opinions, and it present s a good underst anding of it .

ン͡ク ￢͡ べ∠わΑ͡まヱ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ジ∇ェ∇Ηや∠ヱ メ ͡ ∇ギバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヴ∇ピ∠ら∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ ゅ∠ゼ∇エヘ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヰ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヌ ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ (90. Verily, Allah orders j ust ice and kindness, and giving (help) t o t he relat ives, and He forbids immoral sins, and evil and t yranny. He admonishes you, so t hat perhaps you may t ake heed.)

The Command to be Fair and Kind Allah t ells us t hat He commands His servant t o be j ust , i.e., fair and moderat e, and t hat He encourages kindness and good t reat ment . As He says:

リ͡ゃャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らホ͡ ヲ⊥ハ ゅ∠ョ モ ͡ ∇んヨ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らホ͡ ゅ∠バプ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らホ∠ ゅ∠ハ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Αゲ͡ら⇒ｚダヤあャ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ タ ∠ (And if you punish t hem, t hen punish t hem wit h t he like of t hat wit h which you were afflict ed. But if you have pat ience wit h t hem, t hen it is bet t er for t hose who are pat ient .) (16:126)

ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヘハ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇んョあ る∀ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ る∃ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィほ∠プ∠ (The recompense for an offense is an offense t he like t hereof; but whoever forgives and makes reconciliat ion, his reward is wit h Allah.) ぴ42:40び

∀り∠ケゅｚヘ∠ミ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ベ ∠ ギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ∀ソゅ∠ダ͡ホ ゥ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲイ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ び⊥ヮャｚ (and wounds equal for equal. But if anyone remit s t he ret aliat ion by way of charit y, it shall count as at onement for him.) ぴ5:45び And t here are ot her Ayat which support t he inst it ut ion of j ust ice in Islam, as well as encouraging a fair and generous at t it ude.

The Command to maintain the Ties of Kinship and the prohibition of Immoral Sins, Evil and Tyranny

びヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ク ￢͡ べ∠わΑま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and giving (help) t o relat ives,) meaning t hat Allah is commanding us t o uphold t he t ies of kinship, as He says:

モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ｚボェ ∠ ヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠ク れ ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ゲΑ͡グ∇らゎ∠ ∇ケグあ ら∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ (And give t he relat ive his due and t o t he poor and t o t he wayfarer. But do not spend wast efully in t he manner of a spendt hrift .) (17:26)

び͡ゲム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ ゅ∠ゼ∇エヘ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヰ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He forbids immoral sins, and evil) Fahsha' refers t o all t hings t hat are forbidden, and Munkar refers t o t hose forbidden deeds t hat are commit t ed openly by t he one who does t hem. Hence Allah says elsewhere:

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ズ ∠ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び∠リト ∠ よ∠ (Say (O Muhammad): "(But ) t he t hings t hat my Lord has indeed forbidden are t he indecencies, whet her commit t ed openly or secret ly) (7:33) Baghy refers t o aggression t owards people. In a Hadit h, t he Prophet said:

ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ わ∠ よ∠ ヲ⊥ボハ ⊥ ぶ ⊥ や モ ∠イ あ バ∠ Α⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ケ∠ ギ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ょ ∃ ∇ルク∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» ヶ ͡ ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡ べ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ ら͡ ェ ͡ ゅ∠ダャ͡ ゲ⊥ カ ͡ ギｚ Α∠ ゅ∠ョ ノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや «ユ͡ェゲｚ ャや る͡ バ∠ Β͡トホ∠ ヱ∠ (There is no sin more deserving of having it s punishment hast ened in t his world, as well as what is reserved in t he Hereaft er for t he one who does it , t han t yrannical aggression and cut t ing t he t ies of kinship.)

び⊥ユム⊥ ヌ ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ぴ (He admonishes you,) meaning, He commands what He commands you of good and He forbids what He forbids you of evil;

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (so t hat perhaps you may t ake heed) Ash-Sha` bi report ed t hat Shat iyr bin Shakl said: "I heard Ibn Mas` ud say: ` The most comprehensive Ayah in t he Qur'an is in Surat An-Nahl:

び͡ラゅ∠ジ∇ェ∇Ηや∠ヱ メ ͡ ∇ギバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah enj oins j ust ice and kindness...)''' It was report ed by Ibn Jarir.

The Eyewitness Account of ` Uthman Concerning t he revelat ion of t his Ayah, Imam Ahmad report ed a Hasan Hadit h from ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas who said: "While t he Messenger of Allah was sit t ing in t he court yard of his house, ` Ut hman bin Maz` un passed by and smiled at t he Messenger of Allah . The Messenger of Allah said t o him,

«∨⊥ザヤ͡∇イゎ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» (Won't you sit down) He said, ` Cert ainly.' So t he Messenger of Allah sat facing him, and while t hey were t alking, t he Messenger of Allah began looking up at t he sky, looking at it for a while, t hen he brought his gaze down unt il he was looking at t he ground t o his right . Then t he Messenger of Allah t urned slight ly away from his companion ` Ut hman t o where he was looking. Then he began t o t ilt his head as if t rying t o underst and somet hing, and Ibn Maz` un was looking on. When t he mat t er was finished and he had underst ood what had been said t o him, t he Messenger of Allah st ared at t he sky again as he had t he first t ime, looking at what ever he could see unt il it disappeared. Then he t urned back t o face ` Ut hman again. ` Ut hman said, ` O Muhammad, I have never seen you do anyt hing like you did t oday while I was sit t ing wit h you.' The Messenger of Allah said:

«∨⊥ろ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡レわ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ » (What did you see me do) ` Ut hman said: ` I saw you st aring at t he sky, t hen you lowered your gaze unt il you were looking t o your right , t hen you t urned t o him and left me. Then you t ilt ed your head as if you were t rying t o underst and somet hing t hat was being said t o you.' The Messenger of Allah said,

«∨∠マャ͡グ∠ ャ͡ ろ ∠ ∇レト ͡ プ∠ ヱ∠ » (Did you not ice t hat ) ` Ut hman said, ` Yes'. The Messenger of Allah said:

«ザ͡ャゅ∠ィ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘル͡ へ ぶ ͡ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヶ͡ルゅ∠ゎぺ∠»

(A messenger from Allah came t o me j ust now, when you were sit t ing here.) ` Ut hman said, ` A messenger from Allah' The Messenger of Allah said,

«ユ∠バル∠ » (Yes.) ` Ut hman said, ` And what did he say t o you' The Messenger of Allah said:

び͡ラゅ∠ジ∇ェ∇Ηや∠ヱ メ ͡ ∇ギバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah orders j ust ice and kindness...) ` Ut hman said: ` That was when fait h was est ablished in my heart and I began t o love Muhammad .'' It is a Hasan Hadit h having a good connect ed chain of narrat ors in which t heir hearing it from each ot her is clear.

∇やヲ⊥ツボ⊥ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユゎぁ ギ∠ヰ⇒∠ハ や∠クま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥プ∇ヱ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヘミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワギ͡ Β͡ミ∇ヲゎ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇ΑΙ ｘや ヴ͡わャｚゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∠ラヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ ゅ⇔ん⇒∠ムル∠ぺ り∃ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ∇ゴ∠ビ ∇ろツ ∠ ボ∠ ル∠ ∇リョ͡ ヴ∠よ∇ケ∠ぺ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ Κ ⇔カ ∠ キ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ ｚ レ∠ Βあ ら∠ Β⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤ∇らΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ (91. And fulfill t he covenant s (t aken in t he Name of) Allah when you have t aken t hem, and do not break t he oat hs aft er you have confirmed t hem - and indeed you have appoint ed Allah as your guarant or. Verily, Allah knows what you do.) (92. And do not be like t he one who undoes t he t hread which she has spun, aft er it has become st rong, by t aking your oat hs as a means of decept ion among yourselves when one group is more numerous t han anot her group. Allah only t est s you by t his, and on t he Day of Resurrect ion, He will cert ainly clarify t hat which used t o differ over.)

The Command to fulfill the Covenant This is one of t he commands of Allah, t o fulfill covenant s, keep promises and t o fulfill oat hs aft er confirming t hem. Thus Allah says:

びゅ∠ワギ͡ Β͡ミ∇ヲゎ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇ΑΙ ｘ や ∇やヲ⊥ツボ⊥ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and do not break t he oat hs aft er you have confirmed t hem) There is no conflict bet ween t his and t he Ayat :

び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ΑΙ ６ る⇔ ッ ∠ ∇ゲハ ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And do not use Allah as an excuse in your oat hs) ぴ2:224び

び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヌヘ∠ ∇ェや∠ヱ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ り⊥ ケ∠ ゅｚヘミ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (That is t he expiat ion for oat hs when you have sworn. And prot ect your oat hs.) ぴ5:89び meaning, do not forgo your oat hs wit hout offering t he penance. There is also no conflict bet ween t his Ayah (16:91) and t he Hadit h report ed in t he Two Sahihs according t o which t he Prophet said:

ン∠ケほ∠プ∠ リ ∃ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ブ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ェぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ ぶ ⊥ や ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ∇ラま͡ ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ ヶあルま͡» ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚや ろ ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ «ヶ͡レΒ͡ヨΑ∠ ∇リハ ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲヘｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ Α∠ や∠ヱケ͡ ヶ͡プヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ ∇ヤヤｚエ ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ (By Allah, if Allah wills, I will not swear an oat h and t hen realize t hat somet hing else is bet t er, but I do t hat which is bet t er and find a way t o free myself from t he oat h. According t o anot her report he said: "and I offer penance for my oat h. '') There is no cont radict ion at all bet ween all of t hese t ext s and t he Ayah under discussion here, which is:

びゅ∠ワギ͡ Β͡ミ∇ヲゎ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇ΑΙ ｘ や ∇やヲ⊥ツボ⊥ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and do not break t he oat hs aft er you have confirmed t hem) because t hese are t he kinds of oat hs t hat have t o do wit h covenant s and promises, not t he kind t hat have t o do wit h urging oneself t o do somet hing or prevent ing him from doing somet hing. Therefore Muj ahid said concerning t his Ayah:

びゅ∠ワギ͡ Β͡ミ∇ヲゎ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇ΑΙ ｘ や ∇やヲ⊥ツボ⊥ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and do not break t he oat hs aft er you have confirmed t hem) "The oat h here refers t o oat hs made during Jahiliyyah.'' This support s t he Hadit h recorded by Imam Ahmad from Jubayr bin Mut ` im, who said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∃ ∇ヤェ ͡ ゅ∠ヨΑぁ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ュゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや ヶ͡プ ブ ∠ ∇ヤェ ͡ ゅ∠ャ» «りｚギ͡セ ゅｚャま͡ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ る͡ Βｚ ヤ͡ワ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや

(There is no oat h in Islam, and any oat h made during t he Jahiliyyah is only reinforced by Islam.) This was also report ed by Muslim. The meaning is t hat Islam does not need oat hs as t hey were used by t he people of t he Jahiliyyah; adherence t o Islam is sufficient t o do away wit h any need for what t hey used t o cust omarily give oat hs for. In t he Two Sahihs it was report ed t hat Anas said: "The Messenger of Allah () swore t he t reat y of allegiance bet ween t he Muhaj irin (emigrant s) and t he Ansar (helpers) in our house. '' This means t hat he est ablished brot herhood bet ween t hem, and t hey used t o inherit from one anot her, unt il Allah abrogat ed t hat . And Allah knows best .

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah knows what you do.) This is a warning and a t hreat t o t hose who break t heir oat hs aft er confirming t hem.

り∃ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ∇ゴ∠ビ ∇ろツ ∠ ボ∠ ル∠ ヴ͡わャｚゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ん⇒∠ムル∠ぺ (And do not be like t he one who undoes t he t hread which she has spun, aft er it has become st rong,) ` Abdullah bin Kat hir and As-Suddi said: "This was a foolish woman in Makkah. Everyt ime she spun t hread and made it st rong, she would undo it again.'' Muj ahid, Qat adah and Ibn Zayd said: "This is like t he one who breaks a covenant aft er confirming it .'' This view is more correct and more apparent , whet her or not t here was a woman in Makkah who undid her t hread aft er spinning it . The word Ankat han could be referring back t o t he word t ranslat ed as "undoes'', reinforcing t he meaning, or it could be t he predicat e of t he verb "t o be'', meaning, do not be Ankat han, t he plural of Nakt h (breach, violat ion), from t he word Nakit h (perfidious). Hence aft er t his, Allah says:

び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ Κ ⇔カ ∠ キ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ ゎ∠ ぴ (by t aking your oat hs as a means of decept ion among yourselves) meaning for t he purposes of cheat ing and t ricking one anot her.

び∃るョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ヴ∠よ∇ケぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ (when one group is more numerous t han anot her group. ) meaning, you swear an oat h wit h some people if t hey are more in number t han you, so t hat t hey can t rust you, but when you are able t o bet ray t hem you do so. Allah forbids t hat , by showing a case where t reachery might be expect ed or excused, but He forbids it . If t reachery is forbidden in such a case, t hen in cases where one is in a posit ion of st rengt h it is forbidden more emphat ically. Muj ahid said: "They used t o ent er int o alliances and covenant s, t hen find ot her part ies who were more powerful and more numerous, so t hey would cancel t he alliance wit h t he first group and make an alliance wit h t he second who were more powerf ul and more numerous. This is what t hey were forbidden t o do.'' Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah and Ibn Zayd said somet hing similar.

び͡ヮよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤ∇らΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ

(Allah only t est s you by t his) Sa` id bin Jubayr said: "This means (you are t est ed) by t he large numbers.'' This was report ed by Ibn Abi Hat im. Ibn Jarir said: "It means (you are being t est ed) by His command t o you t o adhere t o your covenant s.''

び∠ラヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ ｚ レ∠ Βあ ら∠ Β⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And on t he Day of Resurrect ion, He will cert ainly clarify t hat which you differed over.) Everyone will be rewarded or punished in accordance wit h his deeds, good or evil.

ぁモツ ͡ Α⊥ リ͡ム⇒ャ∠ヱ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ｚリヤ⊥⇒∠∇ジわ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ メ ｚ ゴ͡ わ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ Κ ⇔カ ∠ キ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ リ∠ハ ∇ユゎぁ キ∠ギタ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢∠ ヲぁジ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ͡ ヲ⊥らを⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ュ∀ ギ∠ ホ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ヨを∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ベ ∃ ゅ∠よ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ギ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ョ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ リ ͡ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ Α∠ ゴ͡ ∇イレ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α (93. And had Allah willed, He would have made you (all) one nat ion, but He allows whom He wills t o st ray and He guides whom He wills. But you shall cert ainly be called t o account for what you used t o do.) (94. And do not make your oat hs a means of decept ion among yourselves, result ing in t he slip of a foot aft er it was firmly plant ed, and you t ast e t he evil of having hindered from t he pat h of Allah, and you will suffer a t errible punishment .) (95. And do not use an oat h by Allah for t he purchase of lit t le value, what is wit h Allah is bet t er for you if you only knew.) (96. What ever you have will be exhaust ed, and what is wit h Allah will remain. And t o t hose who are pat ient , We will cert ainly grant t hem t heir rewards in proport ion t o t he best of what t hey used t o do.)

If Allah had willed, He would have made all of Humanity one Nation Allah says:

び∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And had Allah willed, He would have made you) meaning - O mankind,

び⇔りギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ぴ ((all) one nat ion,) This is like t he Ayah:

∇ユヰ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ リ ∠ ョ∠ Γ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ (And had your Lord willed, all of t hose on eart h would have believed t oget her.) ぴ10:99び, meaning, He could have creat ed harmony among t hem, and t here would not be any differences, conflict s or hat red bet ween t hem.

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや モ ∠ バ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べセ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガョ⊥ ∠ラヲ⊥ャや∠ゴ∠Α び∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ͡ャヱ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ユ∠ ェ ͡ ケｚ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (And if your Lord had so willed, He would surely, have made mankind one Ummah ぴnat ion or communit yび, but t hey will not cease t o disagree. Except him on whom your Lord has best owed His mercy, and for t hat did He creat e t hem.) (11:118-119) Similarly, Allah says here:

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ぁモツ ͡ Α⊥ リ͡ム⇒ャ∠ヱぴ (but He allows whom He wills t o st ray and He guides whom He wills. ) Then on t he Day of Resurrect ion, He will ask t hem all about t heir deeds, and will reward or punish t hem even equal t o a scalish t hread in t he long slit of a dat e st one or t he size of a speck on t he back of a dat e st one, or even a t hin membrane of t he dat e st one.

The Prohibition on taking an Oath for Purposes of Treachery Then Allah warns His servant against t aking oat hs as means of decept ion, i.e., using t hem for t reacherous purposes, lest a foot should slip aft er being firmly plant ed. This is an analogy describing one who was on t he right pat h but t hen deviat ed and slipped from t he pat h of guidance because of an unfulfilled oat h t hat involved hindering people from t he pat h of Allah. This is because if a disbeliever were t o find t hat aft er having agreed t o a covenant , t hen t he

believer bet rayed him, t hen t he believer will have hindered him from ent ering Islam. Thus Allah says:

∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇ユゎぁ キ∠ギタ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢∠ ヲぁジ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∀ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ (and you t ast e t he evil of having hindered from t he pat h of Allah, and you will suffer a t errible punishment .)

Do not break Oaths for the sake of Worldly Gain Then Allah says:

び⇔ΚΒ͡ヤホ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ヨを∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And do not use an oat h by Allah for t he purchase of lit t le value.) meaning, do not neglect an oat h sworn in t he Name of Allah for t he sake of t his world and it s at t ract ions, for t hey are few, and even if t he son of Adam were t o gain t his world and all t hat is in it , t hat which is wit h Allah is bet t er for him, i.e., t he reward of Allah is bet t er for t he one who put s his hope in Him, believes in Him, seeks Him and fulfills his oat hs in t he hope of t hat which Allah has promised. This is why Allah says:

び⊥ギヘ∠ レ∠Α ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ヨ∠ルヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まぴ (if you only knew. What ever you have will be exhaust ed,) meaning, it will come t o an end and will vanish, because it is only t here for a cert ain, limit ed t ime.

び∃ベゅ∠よ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and what is wit h Allah will remain.) meaning, His reward for you in Paradise will remain, wit hout int errupt ion or end, because it is et ernal and will never change nor disappear.

ゅ∠ョ リ ͡ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ Α∠ ゴ͡ ∇イレ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ (And t o t hose who are pat ient , We will cert ainly grant t hem t heir rewards in proport ion t o t he best of what t hey used t o do. ) Here t he Lord swears, wit h t he Lam of affirmat ion, t hat He will reward t he pat ient for t he best of t heir deeds, i.e., He will forgive t hem for t heir bad deeds.

∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ん∇ルぺ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ミ∠ ク∠ リあョ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ぴ リ ͡ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ワゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Α∠ ゴ͡ ∇イレ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ る⇔ ら∠ Βあ デ ∠ り⇔ ヲ∠Βェ ∠ ヮ⊥ レｚΒ∠ Β͡ ∇エレ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ (97. Whoever does right eous deeds - whet her male or female - while he (or she) is a believer; t hen We will cert ainly give t hem a good life, and We will cert ainly grant t hem t heir rewards in proport ion t o t he best of what t hey used t o do.)

Righteous Deeds and their Reward This is a promise from Allah t o t hose Children of Adam, male or female, who do right eous deeds - deeds in accordance wit h t he Book of Allah and t he Sunnah of His Prophet , wit h a heart t hat believes in Allah and His Messenger , while believing t hat t hese deeds are commanded and enj oined by Allah. Allah promises t hat He will give t hem a good life in t his world and t hat He will reward t hem according t o t he best of t heir deeds in t he Hereaft er. The good life includes feeling t ranquillit y in all aspect s of life. It has been report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas and a group (of scholars) int erpret ed it t o mean good, lawful provisions. It was report ed t hat ` Ali bin Abi Talib int erpret ed as cont ent ment . This was also t he opinion of Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah and Wahb bin Munabbih. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah recorded from Ibn ` Abbas t hat it meant happiness. Al-Hasan, Muj ahid and Qat adah said: "None get s ぴt hisび good life ぴment ionedび except in Paradise.'' Ad-Dahhak said: "It means lawful provisions and worship in t his life''. Ad-Dahhak also said: "It means working t o obey Allah and finding j oy in t hat .'' The correct view is t hat a good life includes all of t hese t hings. as found in t he Hadit h recorded by Imam Ahmad from ` Abdullah bin ` Amr t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ バ∠ レｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔プゅ∠ヘミ∠ ベ ∠ コ͡ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∠ユヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ » «ロゅ∠ゎへ (He who submit s ぴbecomes a Muslimび has succeeded, is given sufficient provisions, and is cont ent wit h Allah for what he is given.) It was also recorded by Muslim.

リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇グバ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや れ ∠ ∇ぺゲ∠ ホ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ び ユ͡ Β͡ィゲｚ ャや

ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ラゅ∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ∂ ケ∠ び-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ (98. So when you recit e t he Qur'an, seek refuge wit h Allah from Shayt an, t he out cast .) (99. Verily, he has no power over t hose who believe and put t heir t rust only in t heir Lord.) (100. His power is only over t hose who obey and follow him (Shayt an), and t hose who j oin part ners wit h Him (Allah).)

The Command to seek Refuge with Allah before reciting the Qur'an This is a command from Allah t o His servant s upon t he t ongue of His Prophet , t elling t hem t hat when t hey want t o read Qur'an, t hey should seek refuge wit h Allah from t he cursed Shayt an. The Hadit hs ment ioned about seeking refuge wit h Allah (Ist i` adhah), were quot ed in our discussion at t he beginning of t his Tafsir, praise be t o Allah. The reason for seeking refuge wit h Allah before reading is t hat t he reader should not get confused or mixed up, and t hat t he Shayt an would not confuse him or st op him from t hinking about and pondering over t he meaning of what he reads. Hence t he maj orit y of scholars said t hat refuge should be sought wit h Allah before st art ing t o read.

ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∀ ゅ∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ (Verily, he has no power over t hose who believe and put t heir t rust only in t heir Lord.) At hThawri said: "He has no power t o make t hem commit a sin t hey will not repent from.'' Ot hers said: it means t hat he has no argument for t hem. Ot hers said it is like t he Ayah:

びリ ∠ Β͡ダヤ∠∇ガヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ポ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except Your chosen servant s amongst t hem.) ぴ15:40び

び⊥ヮル∠ ∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (His power is only over t hose who obey and follow him (Shayt an), ) Muj ahid said: "Those who obey him.'' Ot hers said, "Those who t ake him as t heir prot ect or inst ead of Allah.''

び∠ラヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ

(and t hose who j oin part ners wit h Him.) means, t hose who associat e ot hers in worship wit h Allah.

メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ る∃ Α∠ や∠￢ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムョｚ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ べ∠レ∇ャギｚ よ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇モホ⊥ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇モよ∠ ゲ∃ わ∠ ∇ヘョ⊥ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ろ ∠ らあ ん∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ サ ͡ ギ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ャや ゥ ⊥ ヱ⊥ケ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゴｚ ル∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ (101. And when We change a verse in place of anot her - and Allah knows best what He reveals t hey (t he disbelievers) say: "You (O Muhammad) are but a forger.'' Rat her, most of t hem know not .) (102. Say (O Muhammad); "Ruh-ul-Qudus has brought it (t he Qur'an) down from your Lord wit h t rut h.'' for t he convict ion of t hose who believe, and as a guide and good news for t he Muslims.)

The Idolators' Accusation that the Prophet was a Liar since some Ayat were abrogated, and the Refutation of their Claim Allah t ells us of t he weak minds of t he idolat ors, and t heir lack of fait h and convict ion. He explains t hat it is impossible for t hem t o have fait h when He has decreed t hat t hey are doomed. When t hey saw t hat some rulings had been changed by being abrogat ed, t hey said t o t he Messenger of Allah :

び∃ゲわ∠ ∇ヘョ⊥ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (You are but a forger) meaning one who t ells lies. But Allah is t he Lord Who does what ever He wills, and rules as He want s.

び∃るΑ∠ や∠￢ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムョｚ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ べ∠レ∇ャギｚ よ∠ ぴ (And when We change a verse (of t he Qur'an) in place of anot her) Muj ahid said: t his means, "We remove one and put anot her in it s place.'' Qat adah said: t his is like t he Ayah:

びゅ∠ヰジ ͡ レ⊥ル ∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ∇オジ ∠ レ∠ル ゅ∠ョぴ (What ever verse We change ぴabrogat eび or omit ぴt he abrogat edび...)'' (2:106). Allah said, in response t o t hem:

び͡サギ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ャや ゥ ⊥ ヱ⊥ケ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゴｚ ル∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ

(Say: "Ruh-ul-Qudus has brought it ...'') meaning, Jibril,

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リあョぴ (from your Lord wit h t rut h, ) meaning, wit h t rut hfulness and j ust ice

び∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ろ ∠ らあ ん∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ぴ (for t he convict ion of t hose who believe,) so t hat t hey will believe what was revealed earlier and what was revealed lat er, and humble t hemselves t owards Allah.

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and as a guide and good news for t he Muslims.) meaning He has made it a guide and good news t o t he Muslims who believe in Allah and His Messengers.

ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ジャあ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤバ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ ｘ よ͡ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ∀ラゅ∠ジ͡ャ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ヴ ｘ ヨ͡ イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギエ ͡ ∇ヤΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ (103. And indeed We know t hat t hey (polyt heist s and pagans) say: "It is only a human being who t eaches him.'' The t ongue of t he man t hey refer t o is foreign, while t his (t he Qur'an) is (in) a clear Arabic t ongue.)

The Idolators' Claim that the Qur'an was taught by a Human, and the Refutation of their Claim Allah t ells us about t he idolat ors' lies, allegat ions, and slander when t hey claimed t hat t his Qur'an which Muhammad had recit ed for t hem, was act ually t aught t o him by a human. They referred t o a foreign (i.e., non-Arab) man who lived among t hem as t he servant of some of t he clans of Quraysh and who used t o sell goods by As-Safa. Maybe t he Messenger of Allah used t o sit wit h him somet imes and t alk t o him a lit t le, but he was a foreigner who did not know much Arabic, only enough simple phrases t o answer quest ions when he had t o. So in refut at ion of t heir claims of fabricat ion, Allah said:

∀ラゅ∠ジ͡ャ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ヴ ｘ ヨ͡ イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギエ ͡ ∇ヤΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ジャあぴ び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ヴ ｘ よ͡ ゲ∠ ハ ∠

(The t ongue of t he man t hey refer t o is foreign, while t his (t he Qur'an) is a (in) clear Arabic t ongue.) meaning, how could it be t hat t his Qur'an wit h it s eloquent st yle and perfect meanings, which is more perfect t han any Book revealed t o any previously sent Prophet , have been learnt from a foreigner who hardly speaks t he language No one wit h t he slight est amount of common sense would say such a t hing.

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ͡ヰΑ͡ギ∇ヰ∠Α Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ン͡ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ (104. Verily, t hose who do not believe in Allah's Ayat (signs, or revelat ion), Allah will not guide t hem, and t heirs will be a painful punishment .) (105. It is only t hose who do not believe in Allah's Ayat who fabricat e t he falsehood, and it is t hey who are liars.) Allah t ells us t hat He does not guide t hose who t urn away from remembering Him and who are heedless of t hat which He revealed t o His Messenger , t hose who have no int ent ion of believing in t hat which he has brought from Allah. This kind of people will never be guided t o fait h by t he signs of Allah and t he Message which He sent His Messengers in t his world, and t hey will suffer a painful and severe punishment in t he Hereaft er. Then Allah informs us t hat His Messenger is not a forger nor a liar, because t he one who fabricat es falsehood about Allah and His Messenger is t he most evil of creat ures.

び͡ヮヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Verily, t hose who do not believe in Allah's Ayat ,) Allah will not guide t hem, and t heirs will be a painful punishment , meaning, t he disbelievers and heret ics who are known t o t he people as liars. The Messenger Muhammad , on t he ot her hand, was t he most honest and right eous of people, t he most perfect in knowledge, deeds, fait h and convict ion. He was known among his people for his t rut hfulness and no one among t hem had any doubt s about t hat - t o such an ext ent t hat t hey always addressed him as Al-Amin (t he Trust wort hy) Muhammad. Thus when Heraclius, t he king of t he Romans, asked Abu Sufyan about t he at t ribut es of t he Messenger of Allah , one of t he t hings he said t o him was, "Did you ever accuse him of lying before he made his claim'' Abu Sufyan said, "No''. Heraclius said, "He would refrain from lying about people and t hen go and fabricat e lies about Allah''

ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ヤホ∠ ヱ∠ ロ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ミぺ⊥ ∇リョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑま ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ョぴ や⇔ケ∇ギタ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゥ ∠ ゲ∠ セ ∠ リｚョ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηゅ͡よ リ ｘ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トョ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ょ ∀ ツ ∠ ビ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ∇ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲぁらエ ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡

ノ∠ ら∠ デ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ バ͡ ∇ヨシ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ュ∠ ゲ∠ ィ ∠ Ι ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ピ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱゲ͡ジ⇒∠ガ∇ャや (106. Whoever disbelieves in Allah aft er his belief - except one who was forced while his heart is at peace wit h t he fait h - but whoever opens t heir breast s t o disbelief, on t hem is wrat h from Allah, and t heirs will be a t errible t orment .) (107. That is because t hey preferred t he life of t his world over t hat of t he Hereaft er. And Allah does not guide t he people who disbelieve.) (108. They are t hose upon whose heart s, hearing (ears) and sight (eyes) Allah has set a seal over. And t hey are t he heedless!) (109. No doubt , in t he Hereaft er t hey will be t he losers.)

Allah's Wrath against the Apostate, except for the One Who is forced into Disbelief Allah t ells us t hat He is angry wit h t hem who willingly disbelieve in Him aft er clearly believing in Him, who open t heir heart s t o disbelief finding peace in t hat , because t hey underst ood t he fait h yet t hey st ill t urned away from it . They will suffer severe punishment in t he Hereaft er, because t hey preferred t his life t o t he Hereaft er, and t hey left t he fait h for t he sake of t his world and Allah did not guide t heir heart s and help t hem t o st and firm in t he t rue religion. He put a seal on t heir heart s so t hat t hey would not be able t o underst and what is beneficial for t hem, and He sealed t heir ears and eyes so t hat t hey would not benefit from t hem. Their facult ies did not help t hem at all, so t hey are unaware of what is going t o happen t o t hem.

び∠ュゲ∠ ィ ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (No doubt ) means, it is inevit able, and no wonder t hat t hose who are like t his -

び∠ラヱゲ͡ジ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ぴ (in t he Hereaft er, t hey will be t he losers.) meaning, t hey will lose t hemselves and t heir families on t he Day of Resurrect ion.

び͡リ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηゅ͡よ リ ｘ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ヤホ∠ ヱ∠ ロ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ミぺ⊥ ∇リョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except one who was forced while his heart is at peace wit h t he fait h) This is an except ion in t he case of one who ut t ers st at ement s of disbelief and verbally agrees wit h t he Mushrikin because he is forced t o do so by t he beat ings and abuse t o which he is subj ect ed, but his heart refuses t o accept what he is saying, and he is, in realit y, at peace wit h his fait h in Allah and His Messenger . The scholars agreed t hat if a person is forced int o disbelief, it is permissible for

him t o eit her go along wit h t hem in t he int erest s of self-preservat ion, or t o refuse, as Bilal did when t hey were inflict ing all sort s of t ort ure on him, even placing a huge rock on his chest in t he int ense heat and t elling him t o admit ot hers as part ners wit h Allah. He refused, saying, "Alone, Alone.'' And he said, "By Allah, if I knew any word more annoying t o you t han t his, I would say it .'' May Allah be pleased wit h him. Similarly, when t he Liar Musaylimah asked Habib bin Zayd Al-Ansari, "Do you bear wit ness t hat Muhammad is t he Messenger of Allah'' He said, "Yes.'' Then Musaylimah asked, "Do you bear wit ness t hat I am t he messenger of Allah'' Habib said, "I do not hear you.'' Musaylimah kept cut t ing him, piece by piece, but he remained st eadfast insist ing on his words. It is bet t er and preferable for t he Muslim t o remain st eadfast in his religion, even if t hat leads t o him being killed, as was ment ioned by Al-Hafiz Ibn ` Asakir in his biography of ` Abdullah bin Hudhafah Al-Sahmi, one of t he Companions. He said t hat he was t aken prisoner by t he Romans, who brought him t o t heir king. The king said, "Become a Christ ian, and I will give you a share of my kingdom and my daught er in marriage.'' ` Abdullah said: "If you were t o give me all t hat you possess and all t hat Arabs possess t o make me give up t he religion of Muhammad even for an inst ant , I would not do it .'' The king said, "Then I will kill you.'' ` Abdullah said, "It is up t o you.'' The king gave orders t hat he should be crucified, and commanded his archers t o shoot near his hands and feet while ordering him t o become a Christ ian, but he st ill refused. Then t he king gave orders t hat he should be brought down, and t hat a big vessel made of copper be brought and heat ed up. Then, while ` Abdullah was wat ching, one of t he Muslim prisoners was brought out and t hrown int o it , unt il all t hat was left of him was scorched bones. The king ordered him t o become a Christ ian, but he st ill refused. Then he ordered t hat ` Abdullah be t hrown int o t he vessel, and he was brought back t o t he pulley t o be t hrown in. ` Abdullah wept , and t he king hoped t hat he would respond t o him, so he called him, but ` Abdullah said, "I only weep because I have only one soul wit h which t o be t hrown int o t his vessel at t his moment for t he sake of Allah; I wish t hat I had as many souls as t here are hairs on my body wit h which I could undergo t his t ort ure for t he sake of Allah.'' According t o some report s, t he king imprisoned him and deprived him of food and drink for several days, t hen he sent him wine and pork, and he did not come near t hem. Then t he king called him and asked him, "What st opped you from eat ing'' ` Abdullah said, "It is permissible for me ぴunder t hese circumst ancesび, but I did not want t o give you t he opport unit y t o gloat .'' The king said t o him, "Kiss my head and I will let you go.'' ` Abdullah said, "And will you release all t he Muslim prisoners wit h me'' The king said, "Yes.'' So ` Abdullah kissed his head and he released him and all t he ot her Muslim prisoners he was holding. When he came back, ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said, "Every Muslim should kiss t he head of ` Abdullah bin Hudhafah, and I will be t he first t o do so.'' And he st ood up and kissed his head. May Allah be pleased wit h t hem bot h.

ｚユを⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レわ͡ プ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲイ ∠ ⇒∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ピ∠ャ ゅ∠ワ͡ギ∇バ∠よ リ͡ョ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィ ゅ∠ヰジ ͡ ∇ヘルｚ リ∠ハ メ ⊥ ギ͡ ⇒∠イゎ⊥ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヴ͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚョ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヴｚプヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ (110. Then, verily, your Lord for t hose who emigrat ed aft er t hey were put t o t rials and t hen performed Jihad, and were pat ient , - aft er t his, your Lord is indeed Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (111. (Remember) t he Day when every person will come pleading for himself, and every one will be paid in full for what he did, and t hey will not be dealt wit h unj ust ly.)

The One who is forced to renounce Islam will be forgiven if He does Righteous Deeds afterwards This refers t o anot her group of people who were oppressed in Makkah and whose posit ion wit h t heir own people was weak, so t hey went along wit h t hem when t hey were t ried by t hem. Then t hey managed t o escape by emigrat ing, leaving t heir homeland, families and wealt h behind, seeking t he pleasure and forgiveness of Allah. They j oined t he believers and fought wit h t hem against t he disbelievers, bearing hardship wit h pat ience. Allah t ells t hem t hat aft er t his, meaning aft er t heir giving in when put t o t he t est , He will forgive t hem and show mercy t o t hem when t hey are resurrect ed.

び⊥メギ͡ ⇒∠イゎ⊥ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヴ͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ ((Remember) t he Day when every person will come pleading) meaning making a case in his own defence.

びゅ∠ヰジ ͡ ∇ヘルｚ リ∠ハぴ (for himself.) means, no one else will plead on his behalf; not his fat her, not his son, nor his brot her, nor his wife.

び∇ろヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚョ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヴｚプヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and every one will be paid in full for what he did,) meaning what ever he did, good or evil.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey will not be dealt wit h unj ust ly.) meaning t here will be no decrease in t he reward for good, and no increase in t he punishment for evil. They will not be dealt wit h unj ust ly in t he slight est way.

る⇔ レｚ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トョぁ る⇔ レ∠ ョ͡ や∠￢ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ る⇔ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ユ͡ バ⊥ ∇ルほ∠よ͡ ∇れゲ∠ ヘ∠ ム∠ プ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョ∠ あモミ⊥ リあョ や⇔ギビ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅヨ∠ よ͡ フ ͡ ∇ヲガ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ネ ͡ ヲ⊥イ∇ャや サ ∠ ゅ∠らャ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠ヰホ∠ や∠クほ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よグｚ ム∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠

(112. And Allah gives t he example of a t ownship (Makkah), it was secure and peaceful: it s provision coming t o it in abundance from every place, but it (it s people) denied t he favors of Allah. So Allah made it t ast e ext reme hunger (famine) and fear, because of what t hey did.) (113. There has come t o t hem a Messenger from among t hemselves, but t hey denied him, so t he t orment seized t hem while t hey were wrongdoers.)

The Example of Makkah This example refers t o t he people of Makkah, which had been secure, peaceful and st able, a secure sanct uary while men were being snat ched away from everywhere out side of it . Whoever ent ered Makkah, he was safe, and he had no need t o fear, as Allah said:

べ∠レッ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ブト ｚガ ∠ わ∠ ル⊥ マ ∠ バ∠ ョ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ノ͡ ら͡ わｚ ルｚ ラ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ あモミ⊥ れ ⊥ や∠ゲヨ∠ を∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ら∇イΑ⊥ ゅ⇔レ͡ョや∠￢ ゅ⇔ョ∠ゲェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ リあムヨ∠ ル⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ びゅｚルギ⊥ ャｚ リあョ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケあ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ (And t hey say: "If we follow t he guidance wit h you, we would be snat ched away from our land.'' Have We not est ablished a secure sanct uary (Makkah) for t hem, t o which are brought fruit s of all kinds, a provision from Ourselves.) ぴ28:57び Similarly, Allah says here:

びや⇔ギビ ∠ ケ∠ ゅヰ∠ ホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ぴ (it s provision coming t o it in abundance) meaning, wit h ease and in plent y,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ユ͡ バ⊥ ∇ルほ∠よ͡ ∇れゲ∠ ヘ∠ ム∠ プ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョ∠ あモミ⊥ リあョぴ (from every place, but it (it s people) denied t he favors of Allah.) meaning, t hey denied t he blessings of Allah t owards t hem, t he great est of which was Muhammad being sent t o t hem, as Allah said:

∇やヲぁヤェ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャギｚ よ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ル∇ヲ∠ヤ∇ダ∠Α ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ - ケ͡ や∠ヲら∠ ∇ャや ケ∠ や∠キ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ び ケ⊥ や∠ゲボ∠ ∇ャや (Have you not seen t hose who have changed t he favors of Allah int o disbelief, and caused t heir people t o dwell in t he abode of dest ruct ion; Hell, in which t hey will burn, - and what an evil place t o set t le in!) (14:28-29). Hence Allah replaced t heir former blessings wit h t he opposit e, and said:

び͡フ∇ヲガ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ネ ͡ ヲ⊥イ∇ャや サ ∠ ゅ∠らャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ヰホ∠ や∠クほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So Allah made it t ast e ext reme hunger (famine) and fear,) meaning, He inflict ed it and made t hem t ast e of hunger aft er fruit s of all kinds and provision in abundance from every place had been brought t o it . This was when t hey defied t he Messenger of Allah and insist ed on opposing him, so he supplicat ed against t hem, asking Allah t o send t hem seven years like t he seven years of Yusuf (i.e., seven years of famine), and t hey were st ricken wit h a year in which everyt hing t hat t hey had was dest royed, and t hey at e ` Alhaz', which is t he hair of t he camel mixed wit h it s blood when it is slaught ered.

び͡フ∇ヲガ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and fear). This refers t o t he fact t hat t heir sense of securit y was replaced wit h fear of t he Messenger of Allah and his Companions aft er t hey had migrat ed t o Al-Madinah. They feared t he power and t he at t ack of his armies, and t hey st art ed t o lose and face t he dest ruct ion of everyt hing t hat belonged t o t hem, unt il Allah made it possible for His Messenger t o conquer Makkah. This happened because of t heir evil deeds, t heir wrongdoing and t heir rej ect ion of t he Messenger t hat Allah sent t o t hem from among t hemselves. He reminded t hem of t his blessing in t he Ayah:

Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ ∇クま͡ ∠リΒ͡レ͡ョぽ⊥ヨ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ョ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ (Indeed, Allah blessed t he believers when He sent Messenger from among t hemselves t o t hem.) (3:164) and,

メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ギホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ ∠ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱほ⊥Α ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プぴ び⇔Ιヲ⊥シケ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ミク͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (So have Taqwa of Allah! O men of underst anding who have believed, Allah has indeed revealed t o you a reminder (t his Qur'an). (And has also sent t o you) a Messenger.) ぴ65:10-11び and:

ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αへ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ヨ∠ミぴ び∠るヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Βあミゴ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ (Similarly (as a blessing), We have sent a Messenger t o you from among you, recit ing Our Ayat t o you, and purifying you, and t eaching you t he Book (t he Qur'an) and t he Hikmah (i.e. Sunnah).) Unt il

び͡ラヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and do not be ungrat eful.) ぴ2:151-152び Allah changed t he sit uat ion of t he disbelievers and made it t he opposit e of what it had been, so t hey lived in fear aft er being secure, t hey were hungry aft er having plent y of provisions. Aft er t he believers lived in fear, Allah grant ed t hem securit y, giving t hem ample provisions aft er t hey lived in povert y, making t hem rulers, governors and leaders of mankind. This is what we say about t he example t hat was given of t he people of Makkah. It was also t he opinion of Al-` Awfi and Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Qat adah, ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam, and Malik narrat ed it from Az-Zuhri as well. May Allah have mercy on t hem all.

∇やヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇セや∠ヱ ゅ⇔らあΒデ ∠ Κ ⇔ ⇒ヤ∠ェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ ぴ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ロ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ャ͡ ｚモワ͡ ぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ͡ Α͡ゴ∇レガ ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇エャ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ ギｚ ∇ャや∠ヱ る∠ わ∠ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ キ∃ ゅ∠ハ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ パ ∃ ゅ∠よ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ｚゲト ⊥ ∇ッや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ わ⊥ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ブ ⊥ ダ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ ャあ ∀ュや∠ゲ∠ェ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ∀モ⇒∠ヤェ ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや Ι ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ ∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ (114. So eat of t he lawful and good food which Allah has provided for you. And be grat eful for Allah's favor, if it is He Whom you worship.) (115. He has only forbidden dead flesh, blood, t he flesh of swine, and any animal which is slaught ered as a sacrifice for ot her t han Allah. But if one is forced by necessit y, wit hout willful disobedience, nor t ransgressing, t hen, Allah is Pardoning, Most Merciful.) (116. And do not describe what your t ongues have lied about , saying: "This is lawful and t his is forbidden,'' t o invent lies against Allah. Verily, t hose who invent lies against Allah, will never succeed.) (117. A passing brief enj oyment (will be t heirs), but t hey will suffer a painful t orment .)

The Command to eat Lawful Provisions and to be Thankful, and an Explanation of what is Unlawful Allah orders His believing servant s t o eat t he good and lawful t hings t hat He has provided, and t o give t hanks t o Him for t hat , for He is t he Giver and Originat or of all favors, Who alone deserves t o be worshipped, having no part ners or associat e. Then Allah ment ions what He has

forbidden t hings which harm t hem in bot h religious and worldly affairs, i.,e., dead meat , blood and t he flesh of pigs.

び͡ヮよ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ャ͡ ｚモワ͡ ぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and any animal which is slaught ered as a sacrifice for ot her t han Allah.) meaning, it was slaught ered wit h t he ment ion of a name ot her t han t hat of Allah. Nevert heless,

びｚゲト ⊥ ∇ッや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (But if one is forced by necessit y.) meaning, if one needs t o do it , wit hout deliberat ely disobeying or t ransgressing, t hen,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (Allah is Pardoning, Most Merciful.) We have already discussed a similar Ayah in Surat AlBaqarah, and t here is no need t o repeat it here. And t o Allah be praise. Then Allah forbids us t o follow t he ways of t he idolat ors who declare t hings t o be permit t ed or forbidden based upon t heir own whims and what ever names t hey agree on, such as t he Bahirah (a she-camel whose milk was spared for t he idols and nobody was allowed t o milk it ), t he Sa'ibah (a she-camel let loose for free past ure for t heir false gods, idols, et c., and not hing was allowed t o be carried on it ), t he Wasilah (a she-camel set free for idols because it has given birt h t o a she-camel at it s first delivery and t hen again gives birt h t o a she-camel at it s second delivery) and t he Ham (a st allion camel freed from work for t he sake of t heir idols, aft er it had finished a number of act s of copulat ion assigned for it ), and so on. All of t hese were laws and cust oms t hat were invent ed during j ahiliyyah. Then Allah says:

∀モ⇒∠ヤェ ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ わ⊥ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ブ ⊥ ダ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∠ゆグ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ ャあ ∀ュや∠ゲ∠ェ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ (And do not describe what your t ongues have lied about , saying: "This is lawful and t his is forbidden,'' t o invent lies against Allah.) This includes everyone who comes up wit h an innovat ion (Bid` ah) for which he has no evidence from t he Shari` ah, or whoever declares somet hing lawful t hat Allah has forbidden, or whoever declares somet hing unlawful t hat Allah has permit t ed, only because it suit s his opinions or whim t o do so.

び⊥ブダ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ぴ (describe what ...) meaning, do not speak lies because of what your t ongues put fort h. Then Allah warns against t hat by saying:

び∠ラヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ

(Verily, t hose who invent lies against Allah, will never succeed.) meaning, eit her in t his world or t he Hereaft er. As for t his world, it is t ransient pleasure, and in t he Hereaft er, t heirs will be a severe punishment , as Allah says:

びナ ∃ Β͡ヤビ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲぁ ト ∠ ∇ツル∠ ｚユを⊥ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ あわヨ∠ ル⊥ ぴ (We let t hem enj oy for a lit t le while, t hen in t he end We will drive t hem int o an unrelent ing punishment .) (31:24) and

Ι ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ギ∠ Α͡ギゼ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ボ⊥ Α͡グル⊥ (Verily, t hose who invent a lie against Allah, will never be successful. (A brief) enj oyment in t his world! and t hen t o Us will be t heir ret urn, t hen We shall make t hem t ast e t he severest t orment because t hey disbelieved.) (10:69-70)

マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ダダ ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲｚ ェ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ￢∠ ヲぁジャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥エヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ ｚユを⊥ る∃ ヤ∠⇒∠ヰイ ∠ よ͡ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ピ∠ャ ゅ∠ワ͡ギ∇バ∠よ リ͡ョ (118. And for t hose who are Jews, We have forbidden such t hings as We have ment ioned t o you before. And We did not wrong t hem, but t hey wronged t hemselves.) (119. Then, your Lord for t hose who did evil out of ignorance and aft erward repent and do right eous deeds - verily, aft er t hat , your Lord is Pardoning, Most Merciful.)

Some Good Things were Forbidden for the Jews Aft er ment ioning t hat He has forbidden us t o eat dead meat , blood, t he flesh of swine, and any animal which is slaught ered as a sacrifice for ot hers t han Allah, and aft er making allowances for cases of necessit y - which is part of making t hings easy for t his Ummah, because Allah desires ease for us, not hardship - Allah t hen ment ions what He forbade for t he Jews in t heir laws before t hey were abrogat ed, and t he rest rict ions, limit at ions and difficult ies involved t herein. He t ells us:

マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ダダ ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲｚ ェ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ び⊥モ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ (And for t hose who are Jews, We have forbidden such t hings as We have ment ioned t o you before.) meaning in Surat Al-An` am, where Allah says:

リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ヘ⊥ ニ ⊥ ン͡ク ｚモミ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲｚ ェ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ ョ∠ ヲ⊥エセ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲｚ ェ ∠ ユ͡ レ∠ ピ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ボ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや びべ∠ヨワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ∠ ェ ∠ (And unt o t hose who are Jews, We forbade every (animal) wit h undivided hoof, and We forbade t hem t he fat of t he ox and t he sheep except what adheres t o t heir backs) Unt il,

び∠ラヲ⊥ホ͡ギ⇒∠ダ∠ャぴ (We are indeed t rut hful) ぴ6:146び Hence Allah says here:

び∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We did not wrong t hem,) meaning, in t he rest rict ions t hat We imposed upon t hem.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but t hey wronged t hemselves. ) meaning, t hey deserved t hat . This is like t he Ayah:

ろ ∃ ⇒∠らΒあ デ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲｚ ェ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョあ ユ∃ ∇ヤヌ ⊥ ら͡ プ∠ ぴ び や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇ユワ͡ ギあ ダ ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろヤｚェ ͡ ぺ⊥ (Because of t he wrong commit t ed of t hose who were Jews, We prohibit ed cert ain good foods which had been lawful for t hem - and (also) for t heir hindering many from Allah's way.) (4:160) Then Allah t ells us, honoring and remin- ding believers who have sinned of His blessings, t hat who- ever among t hem repent s, He will accept his repent ance, as He says:

び∃るヤ∠⇒∠ヰイ ∠ よ͡ ￢∠ ヲぁジャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ

(Then, your Lord for t hose who did evil out of ignorance) Some of t he Salaf said t hat t his means t hat everyone who disobeys Allah is ignorant .

び∇やヲ⊥エヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and aft erward repent and do right eous deeds) meaning, t hey give up t he sins t hey used t o commit and t urn t o doing act s of obedience t o Allah.

びゅ∠ワギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (verily, aft er t hat , your Lord is...) means, aft er t hat mist ake

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ピャ∠ぴ (...Pardoning, Most Merciful.)

リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ゅ⇔わレ͡ ⇒∠ホ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ や∠ギワ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠らわ∠ ∇ィや ヮ͡ ヨ͡ バ⊥ ∇ルΙ や⇔ゲ͡ミゅ∠セ - リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や￢ヱ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ラ ͡ ぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ る∠ ヤｚョ͡ ∇ノら͡ ゎｚ や (120. Verily, Ibrahim was (himself) an Ummah, obedient t o Allah, a Hanif (monot heist ), and he was not one of t he idolat ors.) (121. (He was) t hankful for His favors. He (Allah) chose him and guided him t o a st raight pat h.) (122. And We gave him good in t his world, and in t he Hereaft er he shall be of t he right eous.) (123. Then, We have sent t he revelat ion t o you: "Follow t he religion of Ibrahim (he was a) Hanif, and he was not one of t he idolat ors.'')

He selected him, as Allah says :

ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇セケ⊥ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ べ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ハ (And before, We indeed gave Ibrahim his int egrit y, and We were indeed most knowledgeable about him)(21:51). Then Allah says:

び∃ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ や∠ギワ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and guided him t o a st raight pat h.) which means t o worship Allah alone, wit hout part ners or associat e, in t he manner t hat He prescribed and which pleases Him.

び⇔るレ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠ゎや￢∠ヱぴ (And We gave him good in t his world,) meaning, ` We grant ed him all t hat a believer may require for a good and complet e life in t his world.'

び∠リΒ͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and in t he Hereaft er he shall be of t he right eous.) Concerning t he Ayah:

び⇔るレ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠ゎや￢∠ヱぴ (And We gave him good in t his world,) Muj ahid said: "This means a t rut hful t ongue.''

びゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ∠ユΒ͡ワ∠ゲ∇よ͡ま る∠ ヤｚョ͡ ∇ノら͡ ゎｚ や ラ ͡ ぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then, We have sent t he revelat ion t o you: "Follow t he religion of Ibrahim (he was a) Hanif. ..) meaning, ` because of his perfect ion, great ness, and t he soundness of his Tawhid and his way, We revealed t o you, O Seal of t he Messengers and Leader of t he Prophet s ,'

リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ る∠ ヤｚョ͡ ∇ノら͡ ゎｚ や ラ ͡ ぺ∠ぴ び∠リΒ͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Follow t he religion of Ibrahim (he was a) Hanif and he was not of t he idolat ors.) This is like t he Ayah in Surat Al-An` am:

ゅ⇔レΑ͡キ ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ͡ルや∠ギワ∠ ヴ͡レルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ る∠ ヤｚョあ ゅ⇔ヨΒ∠ ホ͡ (Say: "Truly, my Lord has guided me t o a st raight pat h, a right religion, t he religion of Ibrahim, (he was a) Hanif and he was not of t he idolat ors.'') (6:161). Then Allah rebukes t he Jews,

ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇らｚジャや モ ∠ バ͡ ィ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΒ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ (124. The Sabbat h was only prescribed for t hose who differed concerning it , and verily, your Lord will j udge bet ween t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion about what t hey differed over.)

The Prescription of the Sabbath for the Jews There is no doubt t hat for every nat ion, Allah prescribed one day of t he week for people t o gat her t o worship Him. For t his Ummah He prescribed Friday, because it is t he sixt h day, on which Allah complet ed and perfect ed His creat ion. On t his day He gat hered and complet ed His blessings for His servant s. It was said t hat Allah prescribed t his day for t he Children of Israel t hrough His Prophet Musa, but t hey changed it and chose Sat urday because it was t he day on which t he Creat or did not creat e anyt hing, as He had complet ed His creat ion on Friday. Allah made observance of t he Sabbat h obligat ory for t hem in t he laws of t he Tawrah (Torah), t elling t hem t o keep t he Sabbat h. At t he same t ime, He t old t hem t o follow Muhammad when he was sent , and t ook t heir promises and covenant t o t hat effect . Hence Allah says:

び͡ヮΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇らｚジャや モ ∠ バ͡ ィ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (The Sabbat h was only prescribed for t hose who differed concerning it ,) Muj ahid said: "They observed t he Sabbat h (Sat urday) and ignored Friday.'' Then t hey cont inued t o observe Sat urday unt il Allah sent ` Isa bin Maryam. It was said t hat he t old t hem t o change it t o Sunday, and it was also said t hat he did not forsake t he laws of t he Tawrah except for a few rulings which were abrogat ed, and he cont inued t o observe t he Sabbat h unt il he was t aken up (int o heaven). Aft erwards, t he Christ ians at t he t ime of Const ant ine were t he ones who changed it t o Sunday in order t o be different from t he Jews, and t hey st art ed t o pray t owards t he east inst ead of facing t he Dome (i.e., Jerusalem). And Allah knows best . It was report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat Abu Hurayrah heard t he Messenger of Allah say:

∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ギ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボよ͡ ゅｚジャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ͡ べ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ » ヵ͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グワ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩ゅ∠レヤ͡∇らホ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ルや∠ギヰ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ヮΒ͡プ やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カゅ∠プ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や チ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ン∠ケゅ∠ダレｚ ャや∠ヱ や⇔ギビ ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャや :ノ∀ ら∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠レ∠ャ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャゅ∠プ «ギ∠ビ

(We are t he last , but we will be t he first on t he Day of Resurrect ion, even t hough t hey were given t he Book before us. This is t he day t hat Allah obligat ed upon t hem, but t hey differed concerning it . Allah guided us t o t his day, and t he people observe t heir days aft er us, t he Jews on t he following day and t he Christ ians on t he day aft er t hat .) This version was recorded by AlBukhari. It was report ed t hat Abu Hurayrah and Hudhayfah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ∩ゅ∠レヤ∠∇らホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ る͡ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や モ ｚッ ∠ ぺ∠» ∩͡ギェ ∠ ほ∠∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ン∠ケゅ∠ダレｚ ヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∩͡ろ∇らジ ｚ ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ͡キヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ヤ͡ャ モ ∠ バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ∩͡るバ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ゅル∠ や∠ギヰ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠レ͡よ ぶ ⊥ や ￢∠ ゅ∠イプ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ノ∀ ら∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ギェ ∠ ほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ろ ∠ ∇らジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ る∠ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱｚ ほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ∩ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ͡ べ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや «ペ͡もゅ∠ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヶ ぁツ ͡ ∇ボヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ (Allah let t he people who came before us st ray from Friday, so t he Jews had Sat urday and t he Christ ians had Sunday. Then Allah brought us and guided us t o Friday. So now t here are Friday, Sat urday and Sunday, t hus t hey will follow us on t he Day of Resurrect ion. We are t he last of t he people of t his world, but will be t he first on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and will be t he first t o be j udged, before all of creat ion.) It was report ed by Muslim.

る͡ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや る͡ ヌ ∠ハ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡ャま͡ ネ ⊥ ∇キやぴ リ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰ∇ャギ͡ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ モ ｚッ ∠ (125. Invit e t o t he way of your Lord wit h wisdom and fair preaching, and argue wit h t hem wit h t hat which is best . Truly, your Lord best knows who has st rayed from His pat h, and He best knows t hose who are guided.)

The Command to invite people to Allah with Wisdom and Good Preaching Allah commands His Messenger Muhammad t o invit e t he people t o Allah wit h Hikmah (wisdom). Ibn Jarir said: "That is what was revealed t o him from t he Book and t he Sunnah.''

び͡るレ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや る͡ ヌ ∠ハ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and fair preaching) meaning, wit h exhort at ion and st ories of t he event s t hat happened t o people t hat are ment ioned in t he Qur'an, which he is t o t ell t hem about in order t o warn t hem of t he punishment of Allah.

び⊥リジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰ∇ャギ͡ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ ぴ (and argue wit h t hem wit h t hat which is best .) meaning, if any of t hem want t o debat e and argue, t hen let t hat be in t he best manner, wit h kindness, gent leness and good speech, as Allah says elsewhere:

リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ⇒∠イゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ (And do not argue wit h t he People of t he Book, unless it be wit h t hat which is best , except for t hose who purposefully do wrong.) ぴ29:46び Allah commanded him t o speak gent ly, as He commanded Musa and Harun t o do when he sent t hem t o Pharaoh, as He said:

び ヴ∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚ∠バャｚ ゅ⇔レあΒャｚ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ∠ ヲ⊥ボプ∠ ぴ (And speak t o him mildly, perhaps he may accept admonit ion or fear (Allah))(20: 44).

び͡ヮ͡ヤΒ͡ら∠シ リ∠ハ モ ｚッ ∠ リ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, your Lord best knows who has st rayed from His pat h,) meaning, Allah already knows who is doomed (dest ined for Hell) and who is blessed (dest ined for Paradise). This has already been writ t en wit h Him and t he mat t er is finished, so call t hem t o Allah, but do not exhaust yourself wit h regret over t hose who go ast ray, for it is not your t ask t o guide t hem. You are j ust a warner, and all you have t o do is convey t he Message, and it is He Who will bring t hem t o account .

び∠ろ∇らら∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ン͡ギ∇ヰゎ∠ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (You cannot guide whom you love) ぴ28:56び

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ギワ⊥ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ (It is not up t o you t o guide t hem, but Allah guides whom He wills.) ぴ2:72び

リ͡ゃャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らホ͡ ヲ⊥ハ ゅ∠ョ モ ͡ ∇んヨ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らホ͡ ゅ∠バプ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らホ∠ ゅ∠ハ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タや∠ヱ - リ ∠ Αゲ͡ら⇒ｚダヤあャ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ タ ∠ ヴ͡プ マ ⊥ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ラゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇らタ ∠ ∇やヲ∠ボゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ノ∠ ョ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ペ ∃ ∇Βッ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レジ ͡ ∇エョぁ ユ⊥ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやｚヱ (126. And if you punish t hem, t hen punish t hem wit h t he like of t hat wit h which you were afflict ed. But if you have pat ience wit h t hem, t hen it is bet t er for t hose who are pat ient .) (127. And be pat ient , and your pat ience will not be, but by t he help of Allah. And do not grieve over t hem, and do not be dist ressed by t heir plot s.) (128. Truly, Allah is wit h t hose who have Taqwa, and t he doers of good.)

The Command for Equality in Punishment Allah commands j ust ice in punishment and equit y in set t ling t he cases of right s. ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat , concerning t he Ayah,

び͡ヮよ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らホ͡ ヲ⊥ハ ゅ∠ョ モ ͡ ∇んヨ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らホ͡ ゅ∠バプ∠ ぴ (t hen punish t hem wit h t he like of t hat wit h which you were afflict ed.) Ibn Sirin said, "If a man among you t akes somet hing from you, t hen you should t ake somet hing similar from him.'' This was also t he opinion of Muj ahid, Ibrahim, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, and ot hers. Ibn Jarir also favored t his opinion. Ibn Zayd said: "They had been commanded t o forgive t he idolat ors, t hen some men became Muslim who were st rong and powerful. They said, ` O Messenger of Allah, if only Allah would give us permission, we would sort out t hese dogs!' Then t his Ayah was revealed, t hen it was lat t er abrogat ed by t he command t o engage in Jihad.''

び͡ヮヤｚャゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇らタ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タや∠ヱぴ (And be pat ient , and your pat ience will not be but by t he help of Allah.) This emphasizes t he command t o be pat ient and t ells us t hat pat ience cannot be acquired except by t he will, help, decree and power of Allah. Then Allah says:

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ラゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And do not grieve over t hem,) meaning, t hose who oppose you, for Allah has decreed t hat t his should happen.

び∃ペ∇Βッ ∠ ヴ͡プ マ ⊥ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and do not be dist ressed) means do not be worried or upset .

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ぴ (by t heir plot s.) meaning; because of t he effort s t hey are put t ing int o opposing you and causing you harm, for Allah is prot ect ing, helping, and support ing you, and He will cause you t o prevail and defeat t hem.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レジ ͡ ∇エョぁ ユ⊥ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやｚヱ ∇やヲ∠ボゎｚや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ノ∠ ョ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, Allah is wit h t hose who have Taqwa, and t he doers of good.) meaning; He is wit h t hem in t he sense of support ing t hem, helping t hem and guiding t hem. This is a special kind of "being wit h'', as Allah says elsewhere:

∇やヲ⊥わらあ ん∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヶあルぺ∠ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥Α ∇クま͡ぴ び∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ((Remember) when your Lord revealed t o t he angels, "Verily, I am wit h you, so support t hose who believe.'') ぴ8:12び And Allah said t o Musa and Harun:

びン∠ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇シぺ∠ べ∠ヨム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヴ͡レルｚ ま͡ べ∠プゅ∠ガゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (Fear not , verily I am wit h you bot h, hearing and seeing.) ぴ20:46び The Prophet said t o (Abu Bakr) As-Siddiq when t hey were in t he cave:

«ゅ∠レバ∠ ョ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ラゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» (Do not worry, Allah is wit h us.'') The general kind of "being wit h'' some one, or somet hing is by means of seeing, hearing and knowing, as Allah says:

∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び∀ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ (And He is wit h you wherever you may be. And Allah sees what ever you do.) ぴ57:4び

ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ よ͡ や∠ケ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ン∠ヲ∇イルｚ リ͡ョ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ͡ョ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ シ ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠シ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ ジ ∠ ∇ヨカ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ び∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ (Have you not seen t hat Allah knows what ever is in t he heavens and what ever is on t he eart h There is no secret counsel of t hree but He is t heir fourt h, - nor of five but He is t heir sixt h, nor of less t han t hat or more, but He is wit h t hem wherever t hey may be.) ぴ58:7び

ラ ∃ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇わゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∃ ∇ほセ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びや⇔キヲ⊥ヰセ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ モ ∃ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ (You will not be in any circumst ance, nor recit e any port ion of t he Qur'an, nor having done any deeds, but We are wit nessing you.) ぴ10:61び

び∇やヲ∠ボゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (t hose who have Taqwa) means, t hey keep away from t hat which is forbidden.

び∠ラヲ⊥レジ ͡ ∇エョぁ ユ⊥ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやｚヱぴ (and t he doers of good. ) meaning t hey do deeds of obedience t o Allah. These are t he ones whom Allah t akes care of, He gives t hem support , and helps t hem t o prevail over t heir enemies and opponent s. This is end of t he Tafsir of Surat An-Nahl. To Allah be praise and blessings, and peace and blessings be upon Muhammad and his family and Companions.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Isra (Chapter - 17) Which was revealed in Makkah The Virtues of Surat Al-Isra' Imam Al-Hafiz Abu ` Abdullah Muhammad bin Isma` il Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn Mas` ud said concerning Surah Bani Isra` il (i.e., Surat Al-Isra'), Al-Kahf and Maryam: "They are among t he earliest and most beaut iful Surahs and t hey are my t reasure.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` A'ishah said: "The Messenger of Allah used t o fast unt il we would say, he does not want t o break his fast , t hen he would not fast unt il we would say, he does not want t o fast , and he used t o recit e Bani Isra'il and Az-Zumar every night .''

び͡ユΒ͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ∂ Κ ⇔ ∇Βャ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らバ∠ よ͡ ン∠ゲ∇シぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ ヮ⊥ ャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ミケ∠ ゅ∠よ ン͡グャｚや ヴ∠ダ∇ホ∇Ιや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや び-ゲ⊥ Β͡ダら∠ ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ べ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや￢ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ Α∠ ゲ͡ レ⊥ ャ͡ (1. Glorified be He Who t ook His servant for a Journey by Night from Al-Masj id Al-Haram t o AlMasj id Al-Aqsa, t he neighborhood whereof We have blessed, in order t hat We might show him of Our Ayat . Verily, He is t he All-Hearer, t he All-Seer.)

The Isra' (Night Journey) Allah glorifies Himself, for His abilit y t o do t hat which none but He can do, for t here is no God but He and no Lord besides Him.

び͡ロギ͡ ∇らバ∠ よ͡ ン∠ゲ∇シぺ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (Who t ook His servant for a Journey) refers t o Muhammad

び⇔Κ∇Βャ∠ぴ (by Night ) means, in t he dept hs of t he night .

び͡ュや∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ぴ (from Al-Masj id Al-Haram) means t he Masj id in Makkah.

びヴ∠ダ∇ホΙ ｘ や ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (t o Al-Masj id Al-Aqsa,) means t he Sacred House which is in Jerusalem, t he origin of t he Prophet s from t he t ime of Ibrahim Al-Khalil. The Prophet s all gat hered t here, and he (Muhammad ) led t hem in prayer in t heir own homeland. This indicat es t hat he is t he great est leader of all, may t he peace and blessings of Allah be upon him and upon t hem.

び⊥ヮャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ミケ∠ ゅ∠よ ン͡グャｚやぴ

(t he neighborhood whereof We have blessed) means, it s agricult ural produce and fruit s are blessed

び⊥ヮΑ∠ ゲ͡ レ⊥ ャ͡ぴ (in order t hat We might show him), i.e., Muhammad

びゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ぴ (of Our Ayat .) i.e., great signs. As Allah says:

び ン∠ゲ∇らム⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ン∠ぺケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Indeed he did see of t he great est signs, of his Lord (Allah).) (53:18) We will ment ion below what was narrat ed in t he Sunnah concerning t his.

び⊥ゲΒ͡ダら∠ ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, He is t he All-Hearer, t he All-Seer.) means, He hears all t he words of His servant s, believers and disbelievers, fait hful and infidel, and He sees t hem and gives each of t hem what he deserves in t his world and t he Hereaft er. Hadit hs about Al-Isra'

The Report of Anas bin Malik Imam Ahmad report ed from Anas bin Malik t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ケ͡ ゅ∠ヨエ ͡ ∇ャや ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ヂ ⊥ Β∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∀るよｚ や∠キ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ͡ベや∠ゲら⊥ ∇ャゅよ ろ ⊥ Β͡ゎぺ⊥» ∩͡ヮプ͡ ゲ∠ デ ∠ ヴ∠ヰわ∠ ∇レョ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ プ͡ ゅ∠ェ ノ⊥ ツ ∠ Α∠ ∩͡モ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キヱ∠ ∩͡サギ͡ ∇ボヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヶ͡よ ケ∠ ゅ∠ジプ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇らミ͡ ゲ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥￢ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ テ ⊥ よ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヶ͡わャｚや る͡ ボ∠ ヤ∠エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ る∠ よｚ やギｚ ャや ろ ⊥ ∇トよ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡ルゅ∠ゎほ∠プ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ィゲ∠ カ ∠ ｚユを⊥ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ バ∠ ∇ミケ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ろ ⊥ ∇Βヤｚダ ∠ プ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ キ∠ ｚユを⊥ れ ⊥ ∇ゲわ∠ ∇カゅ∠プ ∩∃リら∠ ャ∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢∃ ゅ∠ルま͡ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ヨカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢∃ ゅ∠ルみ͡よ͡ モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ｚユを⊥ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ .り∠ ゲ∠ ∇トヘ͡ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇らタ ∠ ぺ∠ :モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ リ ∠ ら∠ ヤｚャや

モ ∠ Β͡ボプ∠ モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ウ ∠ わ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヶ͡よ ァ ∠ ゲ͡ ハ ⊥ ∨∠マ∠バ∠ョ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ :モ ∠ Β͡ホ .モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨∠ろ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ :モ ∠ Β͡ホ .∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヶ͡ャ ゅ∠ハキ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡よ ょ ∠ ェ ｚ ゲ∠ プ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ べ͡よ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ウ ∠ わ͡ ヘ⊥ プ∠ .ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ウ ∠ わ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ る͡ Β∠ ル͡ ゅｚんャや ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠レ͡よ ァ ∠ ゲ͡ ハ ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩∃ゲ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ :モ ∠ Β͡ホ .モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨∠ろ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ボプ∠ モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ∨͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ :モ ∠ Β͡ホ .∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨∠マ∠バ∠ョ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ガ∇ャや ヶ ͡ レ∠ ∇よゅ͡よ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ウ ∠ わ͡ ヘ⊥ プ∠ ∩ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ｚユを⊥ ゲ∃ ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ャ や∠ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡よ ゅ∠らェ ｚ ゲ∠ プ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハヱ∠ ヴ∠Β∇エΑ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ボプ∠ モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ウ ∠ わ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ る͡ ん∠ ャ͡ゅｚんャや ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠レ͡よ ァ ∠ ゲ͡ ハ ⊥ ∨∠マ∠バ∠ョ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ :モ ∠ Β͡ホ ∩⊥モΑ͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨∠ろ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ :モ ∠ Β͡ホ ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Βよ͡ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩ゅ∠レャ∠ ウ ∠ わ͡ ヘ⊥ プ∠ .ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヶ͡ャ ゅ∠ハキ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡よ ょ ∠ ェ ｚ ゲ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇トセ ∠ ヶ ∠ト ͡ ∇ハぺ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ウ ∠ わ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ る͡ バ∠ よ͡ やｚゲャや ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠レ͡よ ァ ∠ ゲ͡ ハ ⊥ ｚユを⊥ .ゲ∃ ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ :モ ∠ Β͡ホ モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨∠ろ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ :モ ∠ Β͡ボプ∠ モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ∇ギホ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ :モ ∠ Β͡ホ ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨∠マ∠バ∠ョ

ヶ͡よ ょ ∠ ェ ｚ ゲ∠ プ∠ ザ ∠ Α͡ケ∇キみ͡よ͡ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ウ ∠ わ͡ ヘ⊥ プ∠ .ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゑ ∠ バ͡ よ⊥ :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ :メ ∠ ゅホ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩∃ゲ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ャ ゅ∠ハキ∠ ヱ∠ (Al-Buraq was brought t o me, and it was a whit e animal bigger t han a donkey and smaller t han a mule. One st ride of t his creat ure covered a dist ance as far as it could see. I rode on it and it t ook me t o Bayt Al-Maqdis (Jerusalem), where I t et hered it at t he hit ching post of t he Prophet s. Then I ent ered and prayed t wo Rak` ahs t here, and came out . Jibril brought me a vessel of wine and a vessel of milk, and I chose t he milk. Jibril said: ` You have chosen t he Fit rah (nat ural inst inct ).' Then I was t aken up t o t he first heaven and Jibril asked for it t o be opened. It was said, ` Who are you' He said, ` Jibril.' It was said, ` Who is wit h you' He said, ` Muhammad.' It was asked, ` Has his Mission st art ed' He said, ` His Mission has st art ed.' So it was opened for us, and t here I saw Adam, who welcomed me and prayed for good for me. Then I was t aken up t o t he second heaven and Jibril asked for it t o be opened. It was said, ` Who are you' He said, ` Jibril.' It was said, ` Who is wit h you' He said, ` Muhammad.' It was asked, ` Has his Mission st art ed' He said, ` His Mission has st art ed.' So it was opened for us, and t here I saw t he t wo mat ernal cousins, Yahya and ` Isa, who welcomed me and prayed for good for me. Then I was t aken up t o t he t hird heaven and Jibril asked for it t o be opened. It was said, ` Who are you' He said, ` Jibril.' It was said, ` Who is wit h you' He said, ` Muhammad.' It was asked, ` Has his Mission st art ed' He said, ` His Mission has st art ed.' So it was opened for us, and t here I saw Yusuf, who had been given t he beaut iful half. He welcomed me and prayed for good for me. Then I was t aken up t o t he fourt h heaven and Jibril asked for it t o be opened. It was said, ` Who are you' He said, ` Jibril.' It was said, ` Who is wit h you' He said, ` Muhammad.' It was asked, ` Has his Mission st art ed' He said, ` His Mission has st art ed.' So it was opened for us, and t here I saw Idris, who welcomed me and prayed for good for me. - t hen (t he Prophet ) said: Allah says:

び ゅ⇔Β∂ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇バプ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We raised him t o a high st at ion) (19:57). ｚユを⊥ ァ ∠ ゲ͡ ハ ⊥ ゅ∠レよ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや る͡ ジ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ガ∇ャや ウ ∠ わ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ モ ∠ Β͡ボプ∠ : ∇リョ∠ ∨∠ろ∇ルぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ モ ∠ Β͡ホ: ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∨∠マバ∠ ョ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ: ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ モ ∠ Β͡ホ: ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ ∨͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ: ∇ギホ∠ ゑ ∠ バ͡ よ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡. ウ ∠ わ͡ ヘ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠レャ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケゅ∠ヰよ͡ ょ ∠ ェ ｚ ゲ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡よ ゅ∠ハキ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ャ ゲ∃ ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ ｚユを⊥ ァ ∠ ゲ͡ ハ ⊥ ゅ∠レよ͡ ∠ ゅ∠ホ: ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ モ ∠ Β͡ホ: ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ゑ ∠ バ͡ よ⊥ ∨͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ: ∇ギホ∠ ゑ ∠ バ͡ よ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡. ウ ∠ わ͡ ヘ⊥ プ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや る͡ シ ∠ キ͡ ゅｚジャや ウ ∠ わ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ モ ∠ Β͡ボプ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∨∠ろ∇ルぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ: モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ モ ∠ Β͡ホ: ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∨∠マバ∠ ョ∠ メ ゅ∠レャ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨよ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ょ ∠ ェ ｚ ゲ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡よ ゅ∠ハキ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ャ ゲ∃ ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ ｚユを⊥ ァ ∠ ゲ͡ ハ ⊥ ゅ∠レよ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや る͡ バ∠ よ͡ ゅｚジャや ウ ∠ わ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ モ ∠ Β͡ボプ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∨∠ろ∇ルぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ: モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ モ ∠ Β͡ホ: ∠ ∩⊥ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ギ∀ レ͡ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ∩͡ケヲ⊥ヨ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∨∠マバ∠ ョ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ: ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ モ ∠ Β͡ホ: ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ゑ ∠ バ͡ よ⊥ ∨͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ: ∇ギホ∠ ゑ ∠ バ͡ よ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡. ウ ∠ わ͡ ヘ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠レャ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よみ͡よ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ∇らシ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ マ ∃ ヤ∠ョ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠ャ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キヲ⊥バΑ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ょ ∠ ワ∠ ク∠ ヶ͡よ ヴ∠ャま͡ り͡ ケ∠ ∇ギシ ͡ ヴ∠ヰわ∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや や∠クみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰホ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ や∠クべ∠ミ ∩͡るヤ∠Β∠ ヘ͡ ∇ャや や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ ヨ∠ を∠ ∩͡メゅ∠ヤボ͡ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ͡ Α∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰレ͡ ∇ジェ ⊥. メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ: ヴ∠ェ∇ヱ∠ほ∠プ ぶ ⊥ やヶ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ョ ∩ヴ∠ェ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ チ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠Β͡ゼ∠ビ ∇リョ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ぶ ͡ や ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ∠ ゼ ͡ビ ∠ ∇れゲ∠ Βｚ ピ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰヘ∠ ダ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ヶ͡プ あモミ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ る∃ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ジ∇ヨカ ∠ り⇔ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ろ ⊥ ャ∠ゴ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βヰ∠ わ∠ ∇ルや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∩ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ: ゅ∠ョ チ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ マぁよケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∨∠マわ͡ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ : リ ∠ Β͡ジ∇ヨカ ∠ タ ∠ り⇔ ゅ∠ヤ ヶ͡プ あモミ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ⊥ ∇ヲヤ∠よ∠ ヶ͡レよ∠ モ ∠ Β͡もや∠ゲ∇シま͡ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ カ ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ: ろ ⊥ ∇バィ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヶあよケ∠ ∩∃るヤ∠∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ:∇ノィ ͡ ∇ケや ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ャほ∠∇シゅ∠プ ブ ∠ Β͡ヘ∇ガわｚ ャや ∩∠マわ͡ ョｚ ほ⊥ャ͡ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ マ ∠ わ∠ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ペ ⊥ Β͡トゎ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヶあルま͡ヱ∠ ∇ギホ∠ れ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ∇ヵぺ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ∇ブヘあ カ ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ テ ｚエ ∠ プ∠ ヶあレハ ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ろ ⊥ ャ∠ゴ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βヰ∠ わ∠ ∇ルや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ : ゅ∠ョ ∨∠ろ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ : ∇ギホ∠ テ ｚェ ∠ ヶあレハ ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヨカ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ : ラ ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ わ∠ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ぁエ ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ヶあレハ ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ: ゅ∠Α ギ⊥ ｚヨエ ∠ ョ⊥ ペ ⊥ Β͡トゎ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇ノィ ͡ ∇ケゅ∠プ ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ャほ∠∇シゅ∠プ ブ ∠ Β͡ヘ∇ガわｚャや ∩∠マわ͡ ョｚ ほ⊥ャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ: ヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユ ∇メコ∠ ぺ∠ ノ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヶあよケ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ テ ｚリワ⊥ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨカ ∠ れ ∃ や∠ヲヤ∠タ ∠ ヶ͡プ あモミ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ る∃ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ り∃ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ∩∀ゲ∇ゼ∠ハ マ ∠ ∇ヤわ͡ プ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジ∇ヨカ ∠ り⇔ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ユｚ ワ∠ る∃ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ろら∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∩⇔るレ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇ろら∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ : ∇ノィ ͡ ∇ケや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∩や⇔ゲ∇ゼハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ユｚ ワ∠ る∃ ゃ∠ Βあ ジ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ょわ∠ ∇ムゎ⊥ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇ろら∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ る⇔ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ ∩⇔りギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ ろ ⊥ ャ∠ゴ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ⊥ろ∇Βヰ∠ わ∠ ∇ルや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ∩⊥ヮゎ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ ∇カほ∠プ∠ メ ケ∠ マ ∠ よあ ヮ⊥ ∇ャほ∠∇シゅ∠プ ブ ∠ Β͡ヘ∇ガわｚ ャや マ ∠ わ͡ ョｚ ほ⊥ャ͡ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ マ ∠ わ∠ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ペ ⊥ Β͡トゎ⊥ ∩∠マャ͡ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴヤダ͡ヰヤャや やメメロ ネメヵロ ユ∂ヤシヱ:

«ろ∇ΒΒ∠ ∇エわ∠ ∇シや ヴｚわェ ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ヴャ͡ま ろ ⊥ ∇バィ ∠ ケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠» ぴThen he resumed his narrat ive:び (Then I was t aken up t o t he fift h heaven and Jibril asked for it t o be opened. It was said, ` Who are you' He said, ` Jibril.' It was said, ` Who is wit h you' He said, ` Muhammad.' It was asked, ` Has his Mission st art ed' He said, ` His Mission has st art ed.' So

it was opened for us, and t here I saw Harun, who welcomed me and prayed for good for me. Then I was t aken up t o t he sixt h heaven and Jibril asked for it t o be opened. It was said, ` Who are you' He said, ` Jibril. It was said, ` Who is wit h you' He said, ` Muhammad.' It was asked, ` Has his Mission st art ed' He said, ` His Mission has st art ed.' So it was opened for us, and t here I saw Musa, who welcomed me and prayed for good for me. Then I was t aken up t o t he sevent h heaven and Jibril asked for it t o be opened. It was said, ` Who are you' He said, ` Jibril.' It was said, ` Who is wit h you' He said, ` Muhammad.' It was asked, ` Has his Mission st art ed' He said, ` His Mission has st art ed.' So it was opened for us, and t here I saw Ibrahim, who was leaning back against t he Much-Frequent ed House (Al-Bayt Al-Ma` mur). Every day sevent y t housand angels ent er it , t hen t hey never come back t o it again. Then I was t aken t o Sidrat Al-Munt aha (t he Lot e t ree beyond which none may pass), and it s leaves were like t he leaves ぴearsび of elephant s and it s fruit s were like j ugs, and when it was veiled wit h what ever it was veiled wit h by t he command of Allah, it changed, and none of t he creat ures of Allah can describe it because it is so beaut iful. Then Allah revealed t hat which He revealed t o me. He enj oined on me fift y prayers every day and night . I came down unt il I reached Musa, and he said, ` What did your Lord enj oin on your Ummah' I said, ` Fift y prayers everyday and night .' He said, ` Go back t o your Lord and ask Him t o reduce (t he burden) for your Ummah, for your Ummah will not be able t o do t hat . I t est ed t he Children of Israel and found out how t hey were.' So I went back t o my Lord and said, ` O Lord, reduce (t he burden) for my Ummah for t hey will never be able t o do t hat .' So He reduced it by five. I came back down unt il I met Musa and he asked me, ` What did you do' I said, ` (My Lord) reduced (my burden) by five.' He said, ` Go back t o your Lord and ask Him t o reduce (t he burden) for your Ummah.' I kept going back bet ween my Lord and Musa, and (my Lord) reduced it by five each t ime, unt il He said, ` O Muhammad, t hese are five prayers every day and night , and for every prayer t here is (t he reward of) t en, so t hey are (like) fift y prayers. Whoever want s t o do somet hing good t hen does not do it , one good deed will be recorded for him, and if he does it , t en good deeds will be recorded for him. Whoever want s t o do somet hing evil and does not do it , no evil deed will be recorded for him, and if he does it , one evil deed will be recorded for him.' I came down unt il I reached Musa, and t old him about t his. He said: ` Go back t o your Lord and ask him t o reduce (t he burden) for your Ummah, for t hey will never be able t o do t hat .' I had kept going back t o my Lord unt il I felt t oo shy.) This version was also recorded by Muslim. Imam Ahmad recorded Anas saying t hat Al-Buraq was brought t o t he Prophet on t he Night of t he Isra' wit h his saddle and reins ready for riding. The animal shied, and Jibril said t o him: "Why are you doing t his By Allah, no one has ever ridden you who is more honored by Allah t han him.'' At t his, Al-Buraq st art ed t o sweat . This was also recorded by At -Tirmidhi, who said it is Gharib. Ahmad also recorded t hat Anas said: "The Messenger of Allah said:

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ よ͡ れ ⊥ ∇ケゲ∠ ョ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ヶ͡よ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠» ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼヨ͡ ∇ガΑ∠ サ ∃ ゅエ ∠ ル⊥ ∇リョ͡ ∀ケゅ∠ヘ∇ニぺ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨⊥モΑ͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ゅ∠Α ￢͡ ゅ∠ャぽ⊥ ワ ∇リョ∠ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ∩∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヱ∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バボ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ュ∠ ヲ⊥エャ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ￢͡ ゅ∠ャぽ⊥ ワ∠ «ユ͡ヰッ ͡ や∠ゲ∇ハぺ∠ (When I was t aken up t o my Lord (during Al-Mi'raj ), I passed by people who had nails of copper wit h which t hey were scrat ching t heir faces and chest s. I asked, ` Who are t hese, O Jibril' He

said, ` These are t hose who at e t he flesh of t he people ぴi.e., backbit ingび and slandered t heir honor.') This was also recorded by Abu Dawud. Anas also said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヶ͡よ ヵ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇シぺ⊥ る∠ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ケゲ∠ ョ∠ » «ロ͡ゲ∇らホ∠ ヶ͡プ ヶあヤダ ∠ Α⊥ ゅ⇔ヨ͡もゅ∠ホ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや (On t he night when I was t aken on my Night Journey (Al-Isra'), I passed by Musa, who was st anding, praying in his grave.) This was also recorded by Muslim.

The Report of Anas bin Malik from Malik bin Sa` sa` ah Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said t hat Malik bin Sa` sa` ah t old him t hat t he Prophet of Allah t old t hem about t he night in which he was t aken on t he Night Journey (AlIsra'). He said:

ヶ͡プ :り⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠わホ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヨよｚ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ユ͡ Β͡トエ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ » メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ∩∃れへ ヶ͡ルゅ∠ゎぺ∠ ∇クま͡ ゅ⇔バイ ͡ト ∠ ∇ツョ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇イエ ͡ ∇ャや ギｚ ボ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡ルゅ∠ゎほ∠プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ る͡ を∠ ゅ∠ヤんｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ テ ͡シ ∠ ∇ヱほ∠∇ャや ヮ͡ ら͡ ェ ͡ ゅ∠ダャ͡ «ロ͡グ∠ワ ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ペ ｚゼ ∠ プ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ り∠ キ∠ ゅ∠わホ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ (While I was lying down in Al-Hat im (or maybe, Qat adah said, in Al-Hij r) 'someone came t o me and said t o his companion, ` The one who is in t he middle of t hese t hree.' He came t o me and opened me.) I ぴone of t he narrat orsび heard Qat adah say, ` split me - from here t o here.' Qat adah said: "I said t o Al-Jarud, who was beside me, ` What does t hat mean' He said, ` From t he t op of his chest t o below his navel', and I heard him say, ` from his t hroat t o below his navel'. The Prophet said:

ょ ∃ ワ∠ ク∠ ∇リョ͡ ろ ∃ ∇ジト ∠ よ͡ ろ ⊥ Β͡ゎほ⊥プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヶ͡ら∇ヤ∠ホ ァ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガわ⊥ ∇シゅ∠プ» ｚユを⊥ ヶ ∠ゼ ͡ェ ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ヶ͡ら∇ヤ∠ホ モ ∠ジ ͡ ピ⊥ プ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ムェ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま り∃ ￢∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇ヨョ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヨエ ͡ ∇ャや ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ る∃ よｚ や∠ギよ͡ ろ ⊥ Β͡ゎぺ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ギ∠ Β͡ハぺ⊥ «ヂ∠Β∇よぺ∠ (He t ook out my heart and brought a golden vessel filled wit h fait h and wisdom. He washed my heart t hen filled it up and put it back, t hen a whit e animal was brought t o me t hat was smaller

t han a mule and larger t han a donkey.) Al-Jarud said, ` Was t his Al-Buraq, O Abu Hamzah' He said, ` Yes, and it s st ride covered a dist ance as far as it could see.' The Prophet said:

ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ヶ͡よ ペ ∠ ヤ∠ト ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ͡ エ ⊥ プ∠ » :モ ∠ Β͡ボプ∠ ∩∠ウわ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヶ͡よ ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨∠マバ∠ ョ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ :モ ∠ Β͡ホ ∩⊥モΑ͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨や∠グワ∠ ∇リョ∠ :モ ∠ Β͡ボプ∠ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ :モ ∠ Β͡ホ ∩∀ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ウ ∠ わ͡ ヘ⊥ プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ￢⊥ ヶ͡イヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇バレ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ⇔らェ ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ や∠グワ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩⊥ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ Β∠ヤハ ∠ ュ⊥ キ∠ へ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ダヤ∠カ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ュ∠ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや キｚ ゲ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨｚヤジ ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユヤあジ ∠ プ∠ ュ⊥ キ∠ へ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥よぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩͡ウャ͡ゅｚダャや ヶ あ ら͡ レｚ ャや∠ヱ ウ ͡ ャ͡ゅｚダャや リ ͡ ∇よゅ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ⇔らェ ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヶ͡ム∇よぺ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨∠マΒ͡ム∇らΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ ヴ∠ムよ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇コヱ∠ ゅ∠イゎ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇バよ∠ ゑ ∠ バ͡ よ⊥ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ヤビ ⊥ ラ ｚΕ ∠ ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ギ∠ バ͡ タ ∠ ｚユを⊥ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ .ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨や∠グワ∠ ∇リョ∠ :モ ∠ Β͡ホ ウ ∠ わ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ る∠ バ∠ よ͡ ゅｚジャや ∠￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヱ∠ ぺ∠ :モ ∠ Β͡ホ ∩∀ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨∠マ∠バ∠ョ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ :モ ∠ Β͡ホ ∩⊥モΑ͡ゲ∇らィ ユ∠ ∇バレ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ⇔らェ ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ :モ ∠ Β͡ホ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゑ ∠ バ͡ よ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ダヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ウ ∠ わ͡ ヘ⊥ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩∠￢ゅ∠ィ ￢⊥ ヶ͡イヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇ユヤあジ ∠ プ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま や∠グワ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや キｚ ゲ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤｚジ ∠ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠

ｚユを⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ウ ͡ ャ͡ゅｚダャや ヶ あ ら͡ レｚ ャや∠ヱ ウ ͡ ャ͡ゅｚダャや リ ͡ ∇よゅ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ⇔らェ ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ヤホ͡ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ゅ∠ヰボ⊥ ∇らル∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ヴ∠ヰわ∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや り⊥ ケ∠ ∇ギシ ͡ ヶ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ∇ろバ∠ プ͡ ケ⊥ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩͡るヤ∠Β͡ヘ∇ャや ラ ͡ や∠クへ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ゅ∠ヰホ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠ゲ∠イ∠ワ ラ ͡ や∠ゲ∇ヰル∠ :ケ∃ ゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ る⊥ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩ヴ∠ヰわ∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや り⊥ ケ∠ ∇ギシ ͡ ゅ∠Α や∠グワ∠ ゅ∠ョ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ラや∠ゲワ͡ ゅ∠ニ ラ ͡ や∠ゲ∇ヰル∠ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠レデ ͡ ゅ∠よ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ͡ や∠ゲ∇ヰレ∠ プ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠レデ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇ャや ゅｚョぺ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨⊥モΑ͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ヶ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ノ∠ プ͡ ケ⊥ ｚユを⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ れ ⊥ や∠ゲヘ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ⊥ Βあレャゅ∠プ ラ ͡ や∠ゲワ͡ ゅｚヌャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ «ケヲ⊥ヨ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや (I was mount ed upon it and Jibril brought me t o t he first heaven, and asked for it t o be opened. It was said, ` Who is t his' He said, ` Jibril.' It was said, ` Who is wit h you' He said, ` Muhammad.' It was said, ` Has his Mission st art ed' He said, ` Yes.' It was said, ` Welcome t o him, blessed is t he one who comes.' So it was opened for us and when I ent ered, I saw Adam. (Jibril) said, ` This is your fat her Adam, greet him.' So I greet ed him, and he ret urned t he greet ing t hen said, ` Welcome t o t he right eous son and right eous Prophet .' Then I was t aken up t o t he fift h heaven, and (Jibril) asked for it t o be opened. It was said, ` Who is t his' He said, ` Jibril.' It was said, ` Who is wit h you' He said, ` Muhammad.' It was said, ` Has his Mission st art ed' He said, ` Yes.' It was said, ` Welcome t o him, blessed is t he one who comes.' So it was opened for us and when I ent ered, I saw Harun. (Jibril) said, ` This is Harun, greet him.' So I greet ed him, and he ret urned t he greet ing t hen said, ` Welcome t o t he right eous brot her and right eous Prophet .' Then I was t aken up t o t he sixt h heaven, and (Jibril) asked for it t o be opened. It was said, ` Who is t his' He said, ` Jibril.' It was said, ` Who is wit h you' He said, ` Muhammad.' It was said, ` Has his Mission st art ed' He said, ` Yes.' It was said, ` Welcome t o him, blessed is t he one who comes.' So it was opened for us and when I ent ered, I saw Musa. (Jibril) said, ` This is Musa, greet him.' So I greet ed him, and he ret urned t he greet ing t hen said, ` Welcome t o t he right eous brot her and right eous Prophet .' When I passed by him, he wept , and it was said t o him, ` Why are you weeping' He said, ` I am weeping because a young man was sent aft er me and more people from his Ummah t han from mine will ent er Paradise.' Then I was t aken up t o t he sevent h heaven, and (Jibril) asked for it t o be opened. It was said, ` Who is t his' He said, ` Jibril.' It was said, ` Who is wit h you' He said, ` Muhammad'. It was said, ` Has his Mission st art ed' He said, ` Yes.' It was said, ` Welcome t o him, blessed is t he one who comes.' So it was opened for us and when I ent ered, I saw Ibrahim. (Jibril) said, ` This is Ibrahim, greet him.' So I greet ed him, and he ret urned t he greet ing t hen said, ` Welcome t o t he right eous son and right eous Prophet .' Then I was t aken up t o Sidrat Al-Munt aha, whose fruit s like t he clay j ugs of Haj ar (a region in Arabia) and it s leaves were like t he ears of elephant s. (Jibril) said: ` This is Sidrat Al-Munt aha.' And t here were four rivers, t wo hidden and t wo visible. I said, ` What is t his, O Jibril' He said, ` The t wo hidden rivers are rivers in Paradise, and t he t wo visible rivers are t he Nile and t he Euphrat es.' Then I was shown Al-Bayt Al-Ma` mur.) Qat adah said: Al-Hasan t old us narrat ing from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Prophet saw Al-Bayt Al-

Ma` mur. Each day sevent y t housand angels ent er it , t hen t hey never ret urn from it . Then he cont inued t o narrat e t he Hadit h of Anas;

￢∃ ゅ∠ルま͡ヱ∠ リ ∃ ら∠ ャ∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢∃ ゅ∠ルま͡ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ヨカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢∃ ゅ∠ルみ͡よ͡ ろ ⊥ Β͡ゎぺ⊥ ｚユを⊥ » ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ り⊥ ゲ∠ ∇トヘ͡ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ ∠ ら∠ ヤｚャや れ ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ .モ ∃ジ ∠ バ∠レ∇レョ͡ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろッ ∠ ゲ͡ プ⊥ ｚユを⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ わ⊥ ｚョぺ⊥ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ャゴ∠ レ∠ プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚモミ⊥ り⇔ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ジ∇ヨカ ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨∠マわ͡ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ チ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠ャ マ ∠ わ∠ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩∃ュ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚモミ⊥ り⇔ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ジ∇ヨカ ∠ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや れ ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ り⇔ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∩͡るイ ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠バヨ⊥ ∇ャや ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ モ ∠ Β͡もや∠ゲ∇シま͡ ヶ͡レよ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇イャ∠ゅ∠ハヱ∠ ∩∠マヤ∠∇らホ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ わ͡ ョｚ ほ⊥ャ͡ ブ ∠ Β͡ヘ∇ガわｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ∇ャほ∠∇シゅ∠プ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ノィ ͡ ∇ケゅ∠プ ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇バィ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や⇔ゲ∇ゼハ ∠ ヶあレハ ∠ ノ∠ ッ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇バィ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ｚモミ⊥ り⇔ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケほ∠よ͡ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∨∠れ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ ユ∠ よ͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ｚモミ⊥ り⇔ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ マ ∠ わ∠ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩∃ュ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡レよ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇イャ∠ゅ∠ハヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや れ ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ ∩∃ュ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ャほ∠∇シゅ∠プ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ノィ ͡ ∇ケゅ∠プ∩͡るイ ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠バヨ⊥ ∇ャや ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ モ ∠ Β͡もや∠ゲ∇シま͡ や⇔ゲ∇ゼハ ∠ ヶあレハ ∠ ノ∠ ッ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇バィ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ メ ∠ ゅホ∠ マ ∠ わ͡ ョｚ ほ⊥ャ͡ ブ ∠ Β͡ヘ∇ガわｚ ャや :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∨∠れ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ ユ∠ よ͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇バィ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ゲカ ∠ ぺ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡をゅ∠ヤを∠ ノ⊥ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ マ ∠ わ∠ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩⇔りゅ∠ヤタ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡をゅ∠ヤん∠ よ͡

マ ∠ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや れ ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ ∩∃ュ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚモミ⊥ り⇔ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ∇ノィ ͡ ∇ケゅ∠プ ∩͡るイ ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠バヨ⊥ ∇ャや ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ モ ∠ Β͡もや∠ゲ∇シま͡ ヶ͡レよ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇イャ∠ゅ∠ハヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇バィ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ わ͡ ョｚ ほ⊥ャ͡ ブ ∠ Β͡ヘ∇ガわｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ∇ャほ∠∇シゅ∠プ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇バィ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ゲカ ∠ ぺ⊥ や⇔ゲ∇ゼハ ∠ ヶあレハ ∠ ノ∠ ッ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ｚモミ⊥ り⇔ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲ∇ゼバ͡ よ͡ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∨∠れ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ ユ∠ よ͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ｚモミ⊥ り⇔ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲ∇ゼハ ͡ ノ⊥ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ マ ∠ わ∠ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩∃ュ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡レよ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇イャ∠ゅ∠ハヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや れ ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ ∩∃ュ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ャほ∠∇シゅ∠プ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ノィ ͡ ∇ケゅ∠プ ∩͡るイ ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠バヨ⊥ ∇ャや ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ モ ∠ Β͡もや∠ゲ∇シま͡ やゲ⇔ ∇ゼハ ∠ ヶあレハ ∠ ノ∠ ッ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇バィ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ わ͡ ョｚ ほ⊥ャ͡ ブ ∠ Β͡ヘ∇ガわｚ ャや ∨∠れ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ ユ∠ よ͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇バィ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ゲカ ∠ ぺ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩∃ュ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚモミ⊥ れ ∃ やヲ∠ヤタ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼバ∠ よ͡ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ ∩∃ュ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚモミ⊥ れ ∃ やヲ∠ヤタ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼバ∠ ャ͡ ノ⊥ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ マ ∠ わ∠ ョｚ ぺ⊥ モ ∠ Β͡もや∠ゲ∇シま͡ ヶ͡レよ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇イャ∠ゅ∠ハヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや れ ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ブ ∠ Β͡ヘ∇ガわｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ∇ャほ∠∇シゅ∠プ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ノィ ͡ ∇ケゅ∠プ ∩͡るイ ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠バヨ⊥ ∇ャや ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ｚモミ⊥ れ ∃ やヲ∠ヤタ ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨガ ∠ よ͡ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ほ⊥プ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇バィ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ わ͡ ョｚ ほ⊥ャ͡ ∨∠れ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ ユ∠ よ͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇バィ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ∩∃ュ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩∃ュ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚモミ⊥ れ ∃ やヲ∠ヤタ ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨガ ∠ よ͡ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ ∩∃ュ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚモミ⊥ れ ∃ やヲ∠ヤタ ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨガ ∠ ャ͡ ノ⊥ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ マ ∠ わ∠ ョｚ ぺ⊥

モ ∠ Β͡もや∠ゲ∇シま͡ ヶ͡レよ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇イャ∠ゅ∠ハヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや れ ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ブ ∠ Β͡ヘ∇ガわｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ∇ャほ∠∇シゅ∠プ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ノィ ͡ ∇ケゅ∠プ ∩͡るイ ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠バヨ⊥ ∇ャや ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∩⊥ろ∇ΒΒ∠ ∇エわ∠ ∇シや ヴわｚ ェ ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ わ͡ ョｚ ほ⊥ャ͡ ∇ギホ∠ :キ∃ ゅ∠レョ⊥ ン∠キゅ∠レプ∠ れ ⊥ ∇グヘ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ユヤあシ ∠ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヴ∠ッ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ «ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヘヘｚ カ ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡わツ ∠ Α͡ゲプ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βツ ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ (Then I was brought a vessel of wine, a vessel of milk and a vessel of honey. I chose t he milk, and he ぴJibrilび said, ` This is t he Fit rah (nat ural inst inct ) on which you and your Ummah will be. ' Then t he prayer was enj oined upon me, fift y prayers each day. I came down unt il I reached Musa, who said, ` What did your Lord enj oin upon your Ummah' I said, ` Fift y prayers each day.' He said, ` Your Ummah will not be able t o do fift y prayers each day. I t ried t he people before you, I had t o deal wit h t he Children of Israel and it was very difficult for me. Go back t o your Lord and ask Him t o reduce t he burden on your Ummah.' So I went back, and t he number was reduced by t en. I came back t o Musa and he asked, ` What were you commanded t o do' I said, ` Fort y prayers each day.' He said, ` Your Ummah will not be able t o do fort y prayers each day. I t ried t he people before you, I had t o deal wit h t he Children of Israel and it was very difficult for me. Go back t o your Lord and ask Him t o reduce t he burden on your Ummah.' So I went back, and t he number was reduced by t en. I came back t o Musa and he asked, ` What were you commanded t o do' I said, ` I was commanded t o do t hirt y prayers each day.' He said, ` Your Ummah will not be able t o do t hirt y prayers each day. I t ried t he people before you, I had t o deal wit h t he Children of Israel and it was very difficult for me. Go back t o your Lord and ask Him t o reduce t he burden on your Ummah.' So I went back, and t he number was reduced by t en. I came back t o Musa and he asked, ` What were you commanded t o do' I said, ` Twent y prayers each day.' He said, ` Your Ummah will not be able t o do t went y prayers each day. I t ried t he people before you, I had t o deal wit h t he Children of Israel and it was very difficult for me. Go back t o your Lord and ask Him t o reduce t he burden on your Ummah.' So I went back, and t he number was reduced by t en more. I came back t o Musa and he asked, ` What were you commanded t o do' I said, ` Ten prayers each day.' He said, ` Your Ummah will not be able t o do t en prayers each day. I t ried t he people before you, I had t o deal wit h t he Children of Israel and it was very difficult for me. Go back t o your Lord and ask Him t o reduce t he burden on your Ummah.' So I went back, and I was commanded t o do five prayers every day. I came back t o Musa and he asked, ` What were you commanded t o do' I said, ` Five prayers each day.' He said, ` Your Ummah will not be able t o do five prayers each day. I t ried t he people before you, I had t o deal wit h t he Children of Israel and it was very difficult for me. Go back t o your Lord and ask Him t o reduce t he burden on your Ummah.' I said, ` I have asked my Lord unt il I feel t oo shy. I accept t his and submit t o Him.' Then a voice called out : ` My order has been decreed and I have reduced t he burden on My servant s.') Similar narrat ions were recorded in t he Two Sahihs.

The Report of Anas from Abu Dharr Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said: Abu Dharr used t o t ell us t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ∩∠るムｚ ヨ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ヶ͡わ∇Βよ∠ ブ ͡ ∇ボシ ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ァ ∠ ゲ͡ プ⊥ » ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠ュゴ∠ ∇ョコ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠ジ ∠ビ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヵ͡ケ∇ギタ ∠ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ビ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇プほ∠プ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヨΑ͡まヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ムェ ͡ ￢∃ ヴ͡ヤわ∠ ∇ヨョ⊥ ょ ∃ ワ∠ ク∠ ∇リョ͡ ろ ∃ ∇ジト ∠ よ͡ ヶ͡よ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ヵ͡ギΒ∠ よ͡ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ら∠ ∇デぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩ヵ͡ケ∇ギタ ∠ ヶ͡プ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∩ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨や∠グワ∠ ∇リョ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ウわ∠ ∇プや :￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ラ ͡ コ͡ ゅ∠ガャ͡ モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ヶ ∠ バ͡ ョ∠ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨∀ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ マ ∠ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇モワ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩⊥モΑ͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ∨͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩ユ∂ヤシヱ ヮΒヤハ ぶや ヴヤタ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ∠￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ル∇ヲヤ∠ハ ∠ ウ ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や∠クま͡ ∩∀りキ∠ ヲ͡ ∇シぺ∠ ロ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ジΑ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ り∀ キ∠ ヲ͡ ∇シぺ∠ ヮ͡ レ͡ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ギ͡ハゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ヨセ ͡ モ ∠ ら∠ ホ͡ ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ ル∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ マ ∠エ ͡ッ ∠ ヮ͡ レ͡ Β͡ヨΑ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ ホ͡ ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ ル∠ リ ͡ ∇よゅ∇ャや∠ヱ ウ ͡ ャ͡ゅｚダャや ヶ あ ら͡ レｚ ャゅ͡よ ゅ⇔らェ ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩ヴ∠ムよ∠ ュ⊥ キ∠ へ や∠グワ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨や∠グワ∠ ∇リョ∠ :モ ∠ Α͡ゲ∇らイ ͡ ャ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ウ ͡ ャ͡ゅｚダャや ∩͡ヮΒ͡レよ∠ ユ⊥ ジ ∠ ル∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ヨセ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ レ͡ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ∇リハ ∠ り⊥ キ∠ ヲ͡ ∇シほ∠∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ヱ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ヶ͡わャｚや り⊥ キ∠ ヲ͡ ∇シほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ リ ͡ Βヨ͡ Β∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワほ∠プ∠ ∩∠マエ ͡ッ ∠ ヮ͡ レ͡ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ ル∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ヨセ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヶ͡よ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩ヴ∠ムよ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ヨセ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ ル∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ «る∠Βル͡ ゅｚんャや ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや フクポケ やメゥキヵゐ ベやメ:

ヶ あ ら͡ レｚ ャゅ͡よ ゅ⇔らェ∇ゲョ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ユ∠ Βワ͡ や∠ゲ∇よみ͡よ͡ れ ⊥ ∇ケゲ∠ ョ∠ ｚユを⊥ » や∠グワ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨や∠グワ∠ ∇リョ∠ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∩͡ウャ͡ゅｚダャや リ ͡ ∇よゅ∇ャや∠ヱ ウ ͡ ャ͡ゅｚダャや «ユΒ͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ (The roof of my house was opened while I was in Makkah, and Jibril came down and opened my chest , t hen he washed it wit h Zamzam wat er. Then he brought a vessel of gold filled wit h wisdom and fait h, and poured it int o my chest , t hen he closed it up. Then he t ook me by t he hand and t ook me up t o t he lowest heaven. When we came t o t he lowest heaven, Jibril said t o it s keeper, ` Open up!' He said, ` Who is t his' He said, ` Jibril. ' He said, ` Is t here anyone wit h you' He said, ` Yes, Muhammad is wit h me.' He said, ` Has his Mission st art ed' He said, ` Yes.' When it was opened, we went up int o t he first heaven, where I saw a man sit t ing wit h a mult it ude t o his right and anot her t o his left . When he looked t o his right he smiled, and when he looked t o his left , he wept . He said, ` Welcome t o t he right eous Prophet and t he right eous son.' I said t o Jibril, ` Who is t his' He said, ` This is Adam, and t hese mult it udes t o his right and left are t he souls of his descendant s. The people on his right include t he people of Paradise, and t he people on his left include t he people of Hell, so when he looks t o his right he smiles, and when he looks t o his left he weeps.' Then he t ook me up t o t he second heaven...Then we passed by Ibrahim, who said, ` Welcome t o t he right eous Prophet and t he right eous son.' I said, ` Who is t his' He said, ` This is Ibrahim.') Az-Zuhri said: Ibn Hazm t old me t hat Ibn ` Abbas and Abu Habbah Al-Ansari used t o say: t he Prophet narrat ed here -

ヮ͡ Β͡プ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ン⇔ヲ∠わ∇ジヨ⊥ ͡ャ れ ⊥ ∇ゲヰ∠ ニ ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヶ͡よ ァ ∠ ゲ͡ ハ ⊥ ｚユを⊥ » «ュゅ∠ヤ∇ホほ∠∇ャや ブ ∠ Α͡ゲタ ∠ (Then I was t aken up unt il I reached a level where I could hear t he sound of t he pens.) Ibn Hazm and Anas bin Malik said: t he Messenger of Allah said:

ろ ⊥ ∇バィ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ∩⇔りゅ∠ヤタ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やチ ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ » ∩⊥ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ケゲ∠ ョ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ よ͡ チ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∨∠マわ͡ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や チ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ノィ ͡ ∇ケゅ∠プ :ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩⇔りゅ∠ヤタ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ノ∠ ッ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇バィ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ∩∠マャ͡ク∠ ペ ⊥ Β͡トゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ マ ∠ わ∠ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ノ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∩ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇バィ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ∇トセ ∠

ゅ∠ャ マ ∠ わ∠ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∠マよあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ノィ ͡ ∇ケや :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ∇トセ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇バィ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ∇トセ ∠ ノ∠ ッ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇バィ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ∩∠マャ͡ク∠ ペ ⊥ Β͡トゎ⊥ ペ ⊥ Β͡トゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ マ ∠ わ∠ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ノィ ͡ ∇ケや:メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ロ͡ ∇ヴャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ザ∇ヨ∠カ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇バィ ∠ や∠ゲプ∠ ∩∠マャ͡ク∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇バィ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ∩ｚヵ∠ギ∠ャ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ｚギら∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャ ｚユを⊥ ∩ヶあよケ∠ ∇リョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ΒΒ∠ ∇エわ∠ ∇シや ギ͡ ホ∠ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∩∠マよあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ノィ ͡ ∇ケや ヴ∠ヰわ∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや り͡ ケ∠ ∇ギシ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ∠ヰわ∠ ∇ルや ヴｚわェ ∠ ヶ͡よ ペ ∠ ヤ∠ト ∠ ∇ルや ∩∠るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇キぺ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠ヶワ͡やゅ∠ョ ヵ͡ケ∇キぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∀ラや∠ヲ∇ャ∠ぺ ゅ∠ヰΒ∠ ゼ ͡ ピ∠ プ∠ «マ∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰよ⊥ や∠ゲゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡ぽャ⊥∇ぽヤぁャや モ ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠らェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ や∠クみ͡プ∠ (Allah enj oined upon my Ummah fift y prayers. I came back wit h t his (message) unt il I passed by Musa, who said, ` What did your Lord enj oin upon your Ummah' I said, ` He enj oined fift y prayers.' Musa said, ` Go back t o your Lord, for your Ummah will not be able t o do t hat .' So I went back, and He reduced it by half. Then I came back t o Musa and said, ` It has been reduced by half.' He said, ` Go back t o your Lord, for your Ummah will not be able t o do t hat .' So I went back, and it was reduced by half. I came back t o him, and he said, ` Go back t o your Lord, for your Ummah will not be able t o do t hat .' So I went back, and He said: ` They are five but equal in reward t o fift y, for My word does not change.' I came back t o Musa and he said, ` Go back t o your Lord.' I said, ` I feel t oo shy before my Lord.' Then I was t aken up unt il I reached Sidrat AlMunt aha, which was veiled in indescribable colors. Then I ent ered Paradise, in which I saw net s of pearls and it s soil of musk.) This version was recorded by Al-Bukhari in t he Book of Prayer. He also report ed in t he Book of Tafsir, under t he discussion of Bani Isra'il (i.e., Surat Al-Isra'), t he Book of Haj j and t he St ories of t he Prophet s, via different chains of narrat ion from Yunus. Muslim recorded similar Hadit hs in his Sahih in t he Book of Fait h. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Shaqiq said: I said t o Abu Dharr, "If I had seen t he Messenger of Allah , I would have asked him.'' He said, "What would you have asked him'' He said, "I would have asked him, if he saw his Lord'' He said, "I did ask him t hat , and he said,

«ロや∠ケぺ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ ∩や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇ギホ∠ » (I saw it as light , how could I see Him)'' This is how it was narrat ed in t he report of Imam Ahmad. Muslim recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Shaqiq said t hat Abu Dharr said: "I asked t he Messenger of Allah , ` Did you see your Lord' He said,

«ロや∠ケぺ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ ∀ケヲ⊥ル» ((I saw) a light , how could I see Him)'' ` Abdullah bin Shaqiq said: I said t o Abu Dharr, "If I had seen t he Messenger of Allah , I would have asked him.'' He said, "What would you have asked him'' He said, "I would have asked him, ` Did you see your Lord'' Abu Dharr said, "I asked him t hat , and he said,

«や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ » (I saw light .)

The Report of Jabir bin ` Abdullah Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah say:

ろ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヶ͡よ ヵ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇シぺ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ∀ズ∇Α∠ゲホ⊥ ヶ͡レ∇わよ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠» ろ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヶ͡ャ ぶ ⊥ や ヴ∠ヤイ ∠ プ∠ ゲ͡ ∇イエ ͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨホ⊥ ∩͡サギ͡ ∇ボヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠Αへ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ら͡ ∇カぺ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇ボヘ͡ ト ∠ プ∠ ∩͡サギ͡ ∇ボヨ∠ ∇ャや «ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ (When Quraysh did not believe t hat I had been t aken on t he Night Journey t o Bayt Al-Maqdis, I st ood up in Al-Hij r and Allah displayed Bayt Al-Maqdis before me, so I t old t hem about it s feat ures while I was looking at it .) This was also report ed in t he Two Sahihs wit h different chains of narrat ion. According t o Al-Bayhaqi, Ibn Shihab said: Abu Salamah bin ` Abdur-Rahman said: Some people from Quraish went t o Abu Bakr and said, "Have you heard what your companion is saying He is claiming t hat he went t o Bayt Al-Maqdis and came back t o Makkah in one night !'' Abu Bakr said, "Did he say t hat '' They said, "Yes.'' Abu Bakr said, "Then I bear wit ness t hat if he said t hat , he is speaking t he t rut h.'' They said, "You believe t hat he went t o Ash-Sham ぴGreat er Syriaび in one night and came back t o Makkah before morning'' He said, "Yes, I believe him wit h regard t o somet hing even more t han t hat . I believe him wit h regard t o t he revelat ion t hat comes t o him from heaven.'' Abu Salamah said, from t hen on Abu Bakr was known as AsSiddiq (t he t rue believer).

The Report of ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "On t he night when t he Messenger of Allah was t aken on his Night Journey, he ent ered Paradise, in some part of which he heard a sound. He said, ` O Jibril, what is t his' He said, ` This is Bilal, t he Mu'adhdhin.' When t he Prophet came back t o t he people, he said,

«や∠グミ∠ ヱ∠ や∠グミ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∩∀メゅ∠ヤよ͡ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ » (Bilal has succeeded, I saw t hat he will have such and such.) He ぴt he Prophet び was met by Musa, who welcomed him and said, ` Welcome t o t he Unlet t ered Prophet .' He was a t all, dark man wit h lank hair coming down t o his ears or above his ears. He said, ` Who is t his, O Jibril' He said, ` This is Musa.' Then he went on and met a venerable, dist inguished old man, who welcomed him and greet ed him wit h Salam, and all of t hem were greet ing him. He said, ` Who is t his, O Jibril' He said, ` This is your fat her Ibrahim.' Then he looked int o Hell and saw some people eat ing rot t en meat . He said, ` Who are t hese people, O Jibril' He said, ` They are t hose who used t o eat t he flesh of t he people ぴi.e., backbit ingび.' He saw a man who was very red and dark blue, and said, ` Who is t his, O Jibril' He said, ` This is t he one who slaught ered t he shecamel (of Salih).' When t he Messenger of Allah came t o Al-Masj id Al-Aqsa, he st ood up t o pray, and all t he Prophet s gat hered and prayed wit h him. When he finished, he was brought t wo cups, one on his right and one on his left , one cont aining milk and one cont aining honey. He t ook t he milk and drank it , and t he one who was carrying t he cup said, ` You have chosen t he Fit rah (nat ural inst inct ).''' The chain of narrat ors is Sahih, alt hough t hey (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) did not record it . Imam Ahmad report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "The Messenger of Allah was t aken on t he Night Journey t o Bayt Al-Maqdis, t hen he came back and t old t hem about his j ourney and t he feat ures of Bayt Al-Maqdis and t he caravan (of Quraysh). Some people said, ` We do not believe what Muhammad is saying,' and t hey left Islam and became disbelievers. Allah dest royed t hem when He dest royed Abu Jahl. Abu Jahl said: ` Muhammad is t rying t o scare us wit h t he t ree of Zaqqum; bring some dat es and but t er and let us have some Zaqqum!' The Prophet also saw t he Daj j al in his t rue form, in real life, not in a dream, and he saw ` Isa, Musa and Ibrahim. The Prophet was asked about t he Daj j al, and he said:

る∀ ヨ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇Βハ ∠ ン∠ギ∇ェま͡ ∩ゅ⇔ルゅ∠イ͡ワ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ゅ⇔Βル͡ ゅ∠ヨヤ∠Β∠プ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ » ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ダ∇ビぺ∠ ヮ͡ シ ͡ ∇ぺケ∠ ゲ∠ ∇バセ ∠ ラ ｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∩ｘヵケあ キ⊥ ょ ∀ ミ∠ ∇ヲミ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ∠ほ∠ミ (ゅ６よゅセ) ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∃りゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ リ ∠ト ｚ ら∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡ゲダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ Α͡ギェ ∠ サ ͡ ∇ぺゲｚ ャや ギ∠ ∇バィ ∠ ∩∠ヂΒ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∩∠ュキ∠ へ ユ∠ エ ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ペ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ れ ⊥ ∇ゲヌ ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ペ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ Α͡ギセ ∠ ∩͡ゲ∇バゼ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲヌ ∠ ル∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゆ ∃ ∇ケま͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユヤあシ ∠ :モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩∇ユム⊥ ら⊥ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヶあレョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ «ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤｚジ ∠ プ∠ ∩∠マΒ͡よぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠

(I saw him as a t all and huge man, wit h a whit ish complexion. One of his eyes st ood out like a shining st ar. The hair on his head looked like t he branches of a t ree. And I saw ` Isa, whit e wit h curly hair and an int ense gaze, of average build. I saw Musa, dark-skinned, wit h a lot of hair and a st rong build. I looked at Ibrahim and did not see anyt hing in him t hat I do not see in myself; it is as if he were your companion ぴmeaning himselfび. Jibril said: ` Greet your fat her wit h Salam,' so I greet ed him wit h Salam.) This was also recorded by An-Nasa'i from t he Hadit h of Abu Zayd Thabit bin Yazid from Hilal, who is Ibn Khabbab, and it is a Sahih chain of narrat ors. Al-Bayhaqi recorded t hat Abu Al-` Aliyah said: "The cousin of your Prophet , Ibn ` Abbas narrat ed t o us from t he Messenger of Allah , he said: Allah's Messenger said,

ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ ラ ∠ や∠ゲ∇ヨハ ͡ リ ∠ ∇よ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヶ͡よ ヵ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇シぺ⊥ る∠ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ » ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠り￢∠ ヲ⊥レセ ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ィケ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∩や⇔ギ∇バィ ∠ ゅ⇔ャや∠ヲデ ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ネ ∠ ヲ⊥よ∇ゲョ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ «サぺｚゲャや テ ∠ ∇らシ ∠ チ ͡ ゅ∠Βら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇ヨエ ⊥ ∇ャや (On t he night when I was t aken on t he Night Journey, I saw Musa bin ` Imran, a t all, curlyhaired man, as if he was from t he t ribe of Shanu'ah. And I saw ` Isa bin Maryam, of medium st at ure, whit e wit h a reddish complexion, wit h st raight hair.) And he was shown Malik, t he keeper of Hell, and t he Daj j al, wit h t he signs t hat Allah revealed t o him.' He said,

び͡ヮも͡ べ∠ボャあ リあョ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲョ͡ ヴ͡プ リ⊥ムゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So be not you in doubt of meet ing him.) ぴ32:33び Qat adah used t o int erpret t his t o mean t hat t he Prophet of Allah met Musa.

び∠モΑ͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レら∠ ャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We made it ぴor himび a guide t o t he Children of Israel) ぴ32:33び Qat adah said: "(This means) Allah made Musa a guide for t he Children of Israel. '' Muslim report ed t his in his Sahih, and AlBukhari and Muslim recorded a short er version from Qat adah. Imam Ahmad also recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "The Messenger of Allah said:

る∠ ムｚ ヨ∠ よ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ∩ヶ͡よ ヵ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇シぺ⊥ る∠ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚヨャ∠» «ヶ͡よグあ ム∠ ョ⊥ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇プゲ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇バヌ ͡ プ∠ (On t he night when I was t aken on t he Night Journey, I woke up in Makkah t he next morning having anxiet y t hat , I knew t hat t he people would not believe me.) He kept away from people, feeling anxious and sad, t hen t he enemy of Allah Abu Jahl passed by him and came t o sit wit h him, saying mockingly, ` Is t here anyt hing new' The Messenger of Allah said,

«ユ∠バル∠ » (Yes). He said, ` What is it ' He said,

«る∠ヤ∇Βヤｚャや ヶ͡よ ヵ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇シぺ⊥ ヶあルま͡» (I was t aken on a Journey last night .) He said, ` Where t o' He said,

«サ͡ギ∇ボヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡» (To Bayt Al-Maqdis.) He said, ` Then t his morning you were among us' He said,

«ユ∠バル∠ » (Yes). Abu Jahl did not want t o say t o his face t hat he was lying, lest he deny saying it when he called ot her people t o hear him, so he said: ` Do you t hink t hat if I call your people, you will t ell t hem about what happened' The Messenger of Allah said,

«ユ∠バル∠ » (Yes.) Abu Jahl said, ` O people of Bani Ka` b bin Lu'ay!' People got up from where t hey were sit t ing and came t o j oin t hem. Abu Jahl said, ` Tell your people what you t old me.' The Messenger of Allah said:

«る∠ヤ∇Βヤｚャや ヶ͡よ ヵ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇シぺ⊥ ヶあルま͡» (I was t aken on a Journey last night .) They said, ` Where t o' He said,

«サ͡ギ∇ボヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡» (To Bayt Al-Maqdis.) They said, ` Then t his morning you were among us' He said,

«ユ∠バル∠ » (Yes). They began t o clap t heir hands t oget her and put t heir hands on t heir heads in ast onishment at t his "lie'' - as t hey claimed it t o be. They said, ` Can you describe t he sanct uary t o us' Among t hem were some who had t ravelled t o t hat land and seen t he sanct uary, so t he Messenger of Allah said,

ろ ͡ ∇バレｚ ャや ヂ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ら∠ わ∠ ∇ャや ヴｚわェ ∠ ろ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ャコ͡ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ » ノ∠ ッ ͡ ヱ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ ヶ͡イプ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わぁ バ∠ レ∠ プ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠ボハ ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ モ ∃ Β∠ボハ ⊥ ケ͡ や∠キ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ∇ヌヘ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∀ろ∇バ∠ル や∠グワ∠ ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ «ヮΒ͡プ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ぶ ͡ やヲ∠ プ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇バｚレャや ゅｚョぺ∠ :ュ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや (I st art ed t o describe it , unt il I reached a point where I was not sure about some of t he det ails, but t hen t he sanct uary was brought close and placed near t he house of ` Uqayl - or ` Iqal - so I could look at it and describe t he det ails.) I could not remember t hose descript ion. The people said, ` As for t he descript ion, by Allah he has got it right .'' This was recorded by An-Nasa'i and Al-Bayhaqi.

The Report of ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bayhaqi report ed t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said: "When t he Messenger of Allah was t aken on t he Night Journey, he went as far as Sidrat Al-Munt aha, which is in t he sixt h heaven. Everyt hing t hat ascends st ops t here, unt il it is t aken from t hat point , and everyt hing t hat comes down st ops t here, unt il it is t aken from t here.

び ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ り∠ ケ∠ ∇ギジ あ ャや ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ (When t hat covered As-Sidrat Al-Munt aha which did cover it !) ぴ53:16び Ibn Mas` ud said: "It is covered wit h gold but t erflies. The Messenger of Allah was given t he five prayers and t he final Ayat of Surat Al-Baqarah, and forgiveness was grant ed for maj or sins t o t hose who do not associat e anyt hing in worship wit h Allah.'' This was recorded by Muslim in his Sahih.

The Report of Abu Hurayrah Al-Bukhari and Muslim report ed in t heir Sahihs t hat Abu Hurayrah said: t he Messenger of Allah said:

ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ Β∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ろ ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠ ∩ヶ͡よ ヵ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇シぺ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ェ» モ ⊥ィ ͡ ケ∠ ゆ ∀ ゲ͡ ト ∠ ∇ツョ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇らジ ͡ェ ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ヮわ∠ バ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠ヱ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩∠り￢∠ ヲ⊥レセ ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ィケ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ サ ͡ ∇ぺゲｚ ャや

る∀ バ∠ ∇よケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ユ∂ヤシヱ ヮΒヤハ ぶや ヴヤダぁΒら͡ レｚ ャや ヮ⊥ わ∠ バ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩ゅ⇔ョゅｚヨェ ∠ ヶ͡レ∇バΑ∠ サ ∃ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡キ ∇リョ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ∠ほ∠ミ ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ゎぺ⊥ヱ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ら∠ ∇セぺ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ろ ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠ヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ ∩∀ゲ∇ヨカ ∠ ゲ͡ カ ∠ べ∇ャや ヶ͡プヱ∠ リ ∀ ら∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ͡ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヶ͡プ リ ͡ ∇Α￢∠ ゅ∠ルみ͡よ͡ モ ∠ Β͡ボプ∠ ∩⊥ろ∇よゲ͡ ゼ ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ ら∠ ヤｚャや れ ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∩∠ろ∇ゃ͡セ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ Αｚ ぺ∠ ∇グカ ⊥ :ヶ͡ャ ∇ヲャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ ∇トヘ͡ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇らタ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ ∇トヘ͡ ∇ャや ろ ∠ Α͡ギワ⊥ :ヶ͡ャ «マ⊥わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇れヲ∠ ビ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや れ ∠ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ (When I was t aken on t he Night Journey, I met Musa.) He described him as a man - I t hink he said - a curly-haired man, as if he were from t he t ribe of Shanu'ah. (And I met ` Isa.) And t he Prophet described him as being of average height , wit h a reddish complexion, as if he had j ust come out of t he bat h. (And I met Ibrahim, and I am t he one who resembles him most among his children. I was brought t wo vessels, one cont aining milk and t he ot her cont aining wine. It was said t o me, ` Take whichever one you want .' So I t ook t he milk and drank it , and it was said t o me, ` You have been guided t o t he Fit rah - or - You have chosen t he Fit rah. If you had chosen t he wine, your Ummah would have gone ast ray.')'' They also recorded it wit h anot her chain of narrat ors. Muslim recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said: "The Messenger of Allah said:

∇リハ ∠ ヶ͡レャ⊥ほ∠∇ジゎ∠ ズ ∀ ∇Αゲ∠ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇イエ ͡ ∇ャや ヶプ͡ ヶ͡レわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠» ∇ユャ∠ サ ͡ ギ͡ ∇ボヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢∠ ゅ∠Β∇セぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥ャほ∠ジ ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ヵや∠ゲ∇ジョ∠ ∩ぁテホ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇よゲ͡ ミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ (る⇔ よ∠ ∇ゲミ⊥ ) ろ ⊥ ∇よゲ͡ ム⊥ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰ∇わら͡ ∇をぺ⊥ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥ャ∠ほ∠シ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ヶ ｚ ャ͡ま ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ バ∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ る∃ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨィ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヶ͡レわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ほら∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩ヶあヤダ ∠ Α⊥ ∀ユ͡もゅ∠ホ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩͡￢ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩∠り∠￢ヲ⊥レ∠セ メ ͡ ゅ∠ィケ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∀ギ∇バ∠ィ リ ⊥ ∇よ り⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ゲハ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ⇔ヰら∠ セ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ヶあヤダ ∠ Α⊥ ∀ユ͡もゅ∠ホ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠

ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ヶあヤダ ∠ Α⊥ ∀ユ͡もゅ∠ホ ユ⊥ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩ぁヶヘ͡ ボ∠ んｚ ャや キ∃ ヲ⊥バ∇ジョ∠ ろ ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠エプ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ヶ͡レ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら⊥ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ⇔ヰら∠ セ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ギ⊥ ｚヨエ ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠Α :∀モ͡もゅ∠ホ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ろ ⊥ ∇ビゲ∠ プ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヨョ∠ ほ∠プ∠ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ろ ぁ ヘ∠ わ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プ (ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユヤあジ ∠ プ∠ ) ∩∠ユレｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ⊥ コ͡ ゅ∠カ マ ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠ョ や∠グワ∠ «ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ヶ͡ルぺ∠ギ∠ ら∠ プ∠ (I remember being in Al-Hij r, and t he Quraysh were asking me about my Night Journey. They asked me t hings about Bayt Al-Maqdis t hat I was not sure of, and I felt more anxious and st ressed t hen t han I have ever felt . Then Allah raised up Bayt Al-Maqdis for me t o see, and t here was not hing t hey asked me about but I t old t hem about it . And I remember being in a gat hering of t he Prophet s. Musa was st anding t here praying, and he was a man wit h curly hair, as if he were one of t he men of Shanu'ah. I saw ` Isa bin Maryam st anding t here praying, and t he one who most resembles him is ` Urwah bin Mas` ud At h-Thaqafi. And I saw Ibrahim st anding t here praying, and t he one who most resembles him is your companion (meaning himself). Then t he t ime for prayer came, and I led t hem in prayer. When I finished, a voice said, ` O Muhammad, t his is Malik, t he keeper of Hell,' so I t urned t o him, and he greet ed me first .)''

The Time that Isra' took place, and the Fact that it included both Body and Soul, when the Prophet was awake, not in a Dream Musa bin ` Uqbah said, narrat ing from Az-Zuhri: "The Isra' happened one year before t he Hij rah.'' This was also t he opinion of ` Urwah. As-Suddi said: "It happened sixt een mont hs before t he Hij rah.'' The t rut h is t hat t he Prophet was t aken on t he Night Journey when he was awake, not in a dream, and he went from Makkah t o Bayt Al-Maqdis riding on Al-Buraq. When he reached t he door of t he sanct uary, he t ied up his animal by t he door and ent ered, where he prayed t wo Rak` ahs t o ` greet t he Masj id'. Then t he Mi` raj was brought t o him, which is a ladder wit h st eps which one climbs up. So he went up on it t o t he first heaven, t hen he went up t o t he rest of t he seven heavens. In each heaven he was welcomed by t he most pious of it s inhabit ant s, and he greet ed t he Prophet s who were in t he various heavens according t o t heir posit ions and st at us. He passed by Musa, t he one who spoke wit h Allah, in t he sixt h heaven, and Ibrahim, t he close friend (Khalil) of Allah in t he sevent h heaven. Then he surpassed t hem and all t he Prophet s in st at us and reached a level where he could hear t he creaking of t he pens, i.e., t he pens of dest iny which writ e down what is decreed t o happen. He saw Sidrat AlMunt aha, covered by t he command of Allah, and it s great ness, it s but t erflies of gold and various colours, surrounded by t he angels. There he saw Jibril in his real form, wit h six hundred wings. He saw green cushions blocking t he horizon. He saw Al-Bayt Al-Ma` mur, and Ibrahim AlKhalil, t he builder of t he eart hly Ka` bah, leaning back against it , t he heavenly Ka` bah; every day, sevent y t housand angels ent er and worship t herein, t hen t hey do not ret urn t o it unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. He saw Paradise and Hell, and Allah enj oined upon him fift y prayers, t hen reduced it t o five, as an act of mercy and kindness t owards His servant s. In t his is a st rong indicat ion of t he great ness and virt ue of t he prayers. Then he came back down t o Bayt AlMaqdis, and t he Prophet s came down wit h him and he led t hem in prayer t here when t he t ime for prayer came. It may have been t he dawn prayer of t hat day. Some people claim t hat he led

t hem in prayer in heaven, but t he report s seem t o say t hat it was in Bayt Al-Maqdis. In some report s it says t hat it happened when he first ent ered (i.e., before ascending int o t he heavens), but it is more likely t hat it was aft er he came back, because when he passed by t hem in t he places in t he heavens, he asked Jibril about t hem, one by one, and Jibril t old him about t hem. This is more appropriat e, because he was first required t o come before t he Divine Presence, so t hat what Allah willed could be enj oined upon him and his Ummah. When t he mat t er for which he was required had been dealt wit h, he and his brot her-Prophet s gat hered, and his virt ue and high posit ion in relat ion t o t hem became apparent when he was asked t o come forward t o lead t hem, which was when Jibril indicat ed t o him t hat he should do so. Then he came out of Bayt Al-Maqdis and rode on Al-Buraq back t o Makkah in t he darkness of t he night . And Allah knows best . As for his being present ed wit h t he vessels cont aining milk and honey, or milk and wine, or milk and wat er, or all of t hese, some report s say t hat t his happened in Bayt Al-Maqdis, and ot hers say t hat it happened in t he heavens. It is possible t hat it happened in bot h places, because it is like offering food or drink t o a guest when he arrives, and Allah knows best . The Prophet was t aken on t he Night Journey wit h body and soul, he was awake, not asleep. The evidence for t his is t he Ayah:

ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ Κ ⇔ ∇Βャ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らバ∠ よ͡ ン∠ゲ∇シぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ び⊥ヮャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ミケ∠ ゅ∠よ ン͡グャｚや ヴ∠ダ∇ホΙ ｘ や ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや (Glorified (and Exalt ed) be He (Allah) Who t ook His servant for a Journey by Night from AlMasj id Al-Haram t o Al-Masj id Al-Aqsa, t he neighborhood whereof We have blessed,) The words "Subhan Allah'' (Glorified and exalt ed be Allah) are spoken in t he case of serious mat t ers. If it had been a dream, it would have been a significant mat t er and would not have been so ast ounding; t he disbelievers of t he Quraysh would not have hast ened t o label him a liar and t he group of people who had become Muslims would not have desert ed t he fait h. The word ` Abd (servant ) refers t o bot h soul and body. Allah says:

び⇔Κ∇Βャ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らバ∠ よ͡ ン∠ゲ∇シぺ∠ぴ (t ook His servant for a Journey by Night ) and:

び͡サゅｚレヤあャ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇Αケ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ゅ∠Α∇￢ゲぁ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We made not t he vision which we showed you but a t rial for mankind) ぴ17:60び Ibn ` Abbas said: "This is t he vision t hat t he Messenger of Allah saw wit h his own eyes during t he Journey by Night , and t he cursed t ree is t he t ree of Zaqqum. '' This was recorded by Al-Bukhari. Allah said:

び ヴ∠ピデ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや パ ∠ や∠コ ゅ∠ョぴ (The sight (of Prophet Muhammad ) t urned not aside (right or left ), nor it t ransgressed beyond t he limit (ordained for it ))(53:17) Sight (Al-Basr) is a physical facult y, not a spirit ual one, and he was carried on Al-Buraq, a shining whit e animal. This t oo indicat es a physical j ourney, because t he soul does not need a means of t ransport at ion of t his nat ure. And Allah knows best .

An Interesting Story

In his book Dala'il An-Nubuwwah, Al-Hafiz Abu Nu` aym Al-Isbahani recorded via Muhammad bin ` Umar Al-Waqidi who said: Malik bin Abi Ar-Rij j al t old me from ` Amr bin ` Abdullah t hat Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi said: "The Messenger of Allah sent Dihyah bin Khalifah t o Caesar.'' He ment ioned how he came t o him, and described an incident t hat showed how wise Caesar was. He sent for t he Arab merchant s who were in Syria and Abu Sufyan Sakhr bin Harb and his companions were brought t o him. He asked t hem t he well-known quest ions t hat were recorded by Al-Bukhari and Muslim, as we shall discuss below, and Abu Sufyan t ried hard t o give t he impression t hat t his was an insignificant issue. ぴThe narrat orび said t hat Abu Sufyan ぴlat erび said: "By Allah, not hing st opped me from saying somet hing t o Heraclius t o make him despise ぴMuhammadび but t he fact t hat I did not want t o t ell a lie t hat would lat er be found out , and he would never believe me again aft er t hat . Then I t old him about t he night on which he was t aken on t he Night Journey. I said: ` O King, shall I not t ell you of somet hing from which you will know t hat he is lying' He said, ` What is it ' I said: ` He claims t hat he went out of our land, t he land of Al-Haram, in one night , and came t o your sanct uary in Jerusalem, t hen came back t o us t he same night , before morning came.' The Pat riarch of Jerusalem was t here, st anding next t o Caesar. The Pat riarch of Jerusalem said: ` I know t hat night .' Caesar looked at him and said, ` How do you know about t his' He said, ` I never used t o sleep at night unt il I closed t he doors of t he sanct uary. On t hat night I closed all t he doors except for one, which I could not manage t o close. I asked my workers and ot hers who were wit h me t o help me deal wit h it , but we could not move it . It was like t rying t o move a mount ain. So I called t he carpent ers, and t hey looked at it and said: The lint el and some part of t he st ruct ure has fallen ont o it . We cannot move it unt il morning, when we will be able t o see what t he problem is. So I went back and left t hose t wo doors open. The next morning I went back, and saw t hat t he st one at t he corner of t he sanct uary had a hole in it , and t here were t races of an animal having been t et hered t here. I said t o my companions: This door has not been closed last night except for a Prophet , who prayed last night in our sanct uary.''' And he ment ioned t he rest of t he Hadit h. In his book At -Tanwir fi Mawlid As-Siraj Al-Munir, Al-Hafiz Abu Al-Khat t ab ` Umar bin Dihyah ment ioned t he Hadit h of t he Isra' narrat ed from Anas, and spoke well about it , t hen he said: "The report s of t he Hadit h of t he Isra' reach t he level of Mut awat ir. They were narrat ed from ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab, ` Ali, Ibn Mas` ud, Abu Dharr, Malik bin Sa` sa` ah, Abu Hurayrah, Abu Sa` id, Ibn ` Abbas, Shaddad bin Aws, Ubayy bin Ka` b, ` Abdur-Rahman bin Qarat , Abu Habbah Al-Ansari, Abu Layla Al-Ansari, ` Abdullah bin ` Amr, Jabir, Hudhayfah, Buraydah, Abu Ayyub, Abu Umamah, Samurah bin Jundub, Abu Al-Hamra', Suhayb Ar-Rumi, Umm Hani', and ` A'ishah and ` Asma', t he daught ers of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem all. Some of t hem narrat ed t he incident at lengt h, and ot hers narrat ed it more briefly, as was report ed in t he Musnad collect ions. Even t hough some report s do not fulfill t he condit ions of Sahih, nevert heless t he Muslims agreed unanimously on t he fact t hat t he Isra' happened, and it was rej ect ed only by t he heret ics and apost at es.

ぁユわ͡ ョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ∠ ∇プほ∠よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ケ∠ ヲ⊥ル ∇やヲ⊥ゃヘ͡ ∇トΒ⊥ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ロ∠ ゲ͡ ミ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ロ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ル (They int end t o put out t he Light of Allah wit h t heir mout hs. But Allah will bring His Light t o perfect ion even t hough t he disbelievers hat e (it ).) (61:8).

ヴ͡レら∠ ャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ べ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ ∇リョ∠ ∠るΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ムセ ∠ や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ (2. And We gave Musa t he Script ure and made it a guidance for t he Children of Israel (saying): "Take none ot her t han Me as (your) Wakil.'') (3. "O offspring of t hose whom We carried (in t he ship) wit h Nuh! Verily, he was a grat eful servant .'')

Musa and how He was given the Tawrah When Allah ment ions how He t ook His servant Muhammad , on t he Journey by Night , He follows it by ment ioning Musa, His servant and Messenger who also spoke wit h Him. Allah oft en ment ions Muhammad and Musa t oget her, may t he peace and blessings of Allah be upon t hem bot h, and he ment ions t he Tawrah and t he Qur'an t oget her. So aft er ment ioning t he Isra', He says:

び∠ょ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ べ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢∠ヱぴ (And We gave Musa t he Script ure), meaning t he Tawrah.

び⊥ロゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and made it ), meaning t he Script ure,

びン⇔ギワ⊥ ぴ (a guidance), meaning a guide,

び∇やヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴレ͡ ら∠ ャあぴ (for t he Children of Israel (saying): "Take none...'') means, lest t hey should t ake,

び⇔ΚΒ͡ミヱ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥キ リ͡ョぴ (''... ot her t han Me as (your) Wakil'') means, ` you have no prot ect or, support er or god besides Me,' because Allah revealed t o every Prophet t hat he should worship Him alone wit h no part ner or associat e. Then Allah says:

び∃ゥヲ⊥ル ノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∠るΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ ぴ (O offspring of t hose whom We carried (in t he ship) wit h Nuh) by addressing t he descendant s of t hose who were carried in t he ship wit h Nuh t here is a reminder of t he blessings, as if Allah is saying: ` O descendant s of t hose whom We saved and carried in t he ship wit h Nuh, follow in t he foot st eps of your fat her,

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ムセ ∠ や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, he was a grat eful servant ). ` Remember t he blessing I have grant ed you by sending Muhammad.' Imam Ahmad report ed t hat Anas bin Malik said: "The Messenger of Allah said:

∇ヱぺ∠ る∠ ヤ∠∇ミほ∠∇ャや モ ∠ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ͡ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲΒ∠ ャ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» «ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ∠ や ギ∠ ヨ∠ ∇エΒ∠ プ∠ る∠ よ∠ ∇ゲゼ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ (Allah will be pleased wit h His servant if, when he eat s somet hing or drinks somet hing, he praises Allah for it .)'' This was also recorded by Muslim, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i. Malik said about Zayd bin Aslam: "He used t o praise Allah in all circumst ances.'' In t his cont ext , Al-Bukhari ment ioned t he Hadit h of Abu Zar` ah narrat ing from Abu Hurayrah, who said t hat t he Prophet said:

«る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ ギ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ギ⊥ あΒシ ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ» (I will be t he leader of t he sons of Adam on t he Day of Resurrect ion...) He quot ed t he Hadit h at lengt h, and in t he Hadit h, t he Prophet said:

メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ゥ ⊥ ヲ⊥ル ゅ∠Α :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ル ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ » や⇔ギ∇ら∠ハ ぶ ⊥ や ポ ∠ ゅｚヨシ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ モ ͡シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや «マあよケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ノヘ∠ ∇セゅ∠プ ∩や⇔ケヲ⊥ムセ ∠ (They will come t o Nuh and will say, ` O Nuh, you were t he first of t he Messengers sent t o t he people of eart h, and Allah called you grat eful servant , so int ercede for us wit h your Lord.') And he quot ed t he Hadit h in full.

ｚラギ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ヘわ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ や∠クみ͡プ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ や⇔∂ヲヤ⊥ハ ⊥ リ ｚ ヤ⊥∇バわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚ ョ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ

ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ べ∠レャｚ や⇔キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や⇔ギ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠Αギあ ャや モ ∠ ⇒∠ヤカ ͡ ∇やヲ⊥シゅ∠イプ∠ ギ∃ Α͡ギセ ∠ サ ∃ ∇ほよ∠ ユ⊥ム⇒∠ル∇キギ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ り∠ ゲｚ ム∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ル∇キキ∠ ケ∠ ｚユを⊥ - Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥バ∇ヘョｚ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ジ∇ェ∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ヘル∠ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レよ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∃ ヲ∠ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ほシ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル６Ι ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ジ∇ェぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠ミ ギ∠ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥￢ヲ⊥ジΒ∠ ャ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや ヴ∠ジハ ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ら∇わゎ∠ ∇や∇ヲヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲらあ わ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ り∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤカ ∠ キ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギハ ⊥ ∇ユゎぁ ギ⊥ハ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヨ∠ ェ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ (4. And We decreed for t he Children of Israel in t he Script ure: "Indeed you would do mischief in t he land t wice and you will become t yrant s and ext remely arrogant !'') (5. So, when t he promise came for t he first of t he t wo, We sent against you servant s of Ours given t o t errible warfare. They ent ered t he very innermost part s of your homes. And it was a promise (complet ely) fulfilled.) (6. Then We gave you a ret urn of vict ory over t hem. And We helped you wit h wealt h and children and made you more numerous in manpower.) (7. (And We said): "If you do good, you do good for your own selves, and if you do evil (you do it ) against yourselves.'' Then, when t he second promise came t o pass, (We permit t ed your enemies) t o disgrace your faces and t o ent er t he Masj id as t hey had ent ered it before, and t o dest roy wit h ut t er dest ruct ion all t hat fell in t heir hands.) (8. It may be t hat your Lord may show mercy unt o you, but if you ret urn (t o sins), We shall ret urn (t o Our punishment ). And We have made Hell a prison for t he disbelievers.)

It was mentioned in the Tawrah that the Jews would spread Mischief twice Allah t ells us t hat He made a declarat ion t o t he Children of Israel in t he Script ure, meaning t hat He had already t old t hem in t he Book which He revealed t o t hem, t hat t hey would cause mischief on t he eart h t wice, and would become t yrant s and ext remely arrogant , meaning t hey would become shameless oppressors of people, Allah says:

￢͡ ∇Γぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ゲ∠ よ͡ や∠キ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ョΙ ｘや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡エら͡ ∇ダョぁ ∀ネヲ⊥ト∇ボ∠ョ (And We made known t his decree t o him, t hat t he root of t hose (sinners) was t o be cut off in t he early morning.)(15:66), meaning, We already t old him about t hat and informed him of it .

The First Episode of Mischief caused by the Jews, and their Punishment for it

びゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (So, when t he promise came for t he first of t he t wo) meaning t he first of t he t wo episodes of mischief.

び∃ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ サ ∃ ∇ほよ∠ ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ べ∠レャｚ や⇔キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ぴ (We sent against you servant s of Ours given t o t errible warfare.) means, ` We unleashed soldiers against you from among Our creat ures who were given t o t errible warfare,' i.e., t hey had great st rengt h and weapons and power. They ent ered t he very innermost part s of your homes, meaning t hey t ook possession of your land and invaded t he very innermost part s of your homes, going bet ween and t hrough your houses, coming and going freely wit h no fear of anyone. This was t he promise (complet ely) fulfilled. The earlier and lat er comment at ors differed over t he ident it y of t hese invaders. Many Isra'iliyyat (report s from Jewish sources) were narrat ed about t his, but I did not want t o make t his book t oo long by ment ioning t hem, because some of t hem are fabricat ed, concoct ed by t heir heret ics, and ot hers may be t rue, but we have no need of t hem, praise be t o Allah. What Allah has t old us in His Book (t he Qur'an) is sufficient and we have no need of what is in t he ot her books t hat came before. Neit her Allah nor His Messenger required us t o refer t o t hem. Allah t old His Messenger t hat when (t he Jews) commit t ed t ransgression and aggression, Allah gave t heir enemies power over t hem t o dest roy t heir count ry and ent er t he innermost part s of t heir homes. Their humiliat ion and subj ugat ion was a befit t ing punishment , and your Lord is never unfair or unj ust t o His servant s. They had rebelled and killed many of t he Prophet s and scholars. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Yahya bin Sa` id said: "I heard Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib saying: ` Nebuchadnezzar conquered Ash-Sham (Great er Syria, including Palest ine), dest roying Jerusalem and killing t hem, t hen he came t o Damascus and found blood boiling in a censer. He asked t hem: What is t his blood They said: We found our forefat hers doing t his. Because of t hat blood, he killed sevent y t housand of t he believers and ot hers, t hen t he blood st opped boiling. This report is Sahih from Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib, and t his event is well-known, as he (Nebuchadnezzar) killed t heir nobles and scholars, and did not leave alive anyone who knew t he Tawrah by heart . He t ook many prisoners from t he sons of t he Prophet s and ot hers, and did many ot her t hings t hat would t ake t oo long t o ment ion here. If we had found anyt hing t hat was correct or close enough, we could have writ t en it and report ed it here. And Allah knows best . Then Allah says:

びゅ∠ヰヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ほシ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル６Ι ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ジ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ジ∇ェ∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ぴ

((And We said): "If you do good, you do good for your own selves, and if you do evil (you do it ) against yourselves.'') As Allah says elsewhere:

びゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ￢∠ べ∠シぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョｚ ぴ (Whosoever does a right eous good deed, it is for (t he benefit of) himself; and whosoever does evil, it is against himself.) ぴ45:15び

The Second Episode of Mischief Then Allah says:

び͡りゲ∠ カ ͡ ｘΙや ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (Then, when t he second promise came t o pass,) meaning, t he second episode of mischief, when your enemies came again,

び∇ユム⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥￢ヲ⊥ジΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ ((We permit t ed your enemies) t o disgrace your faces) meaning, t o humiliat e you and subdue you,

び∠ギイ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t o ent er t he Masj id) meaning, Bayt Al-Maqdis (Jerusalem).

び∃りゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤカ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠ミぴ (as t hey had ent ered it before,) when t hey ent ered t he very innermost part s of your homes.

び∇やヱ⊥ゲらあ わ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t o dest roy) wrecking and inflict ing ruin upon it .

び∇や∇ヲヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (all t hat fell in t heir hands.) everyt hing t hey could get t heir hands on.

び∇ユム⊥ ヨ∠ ェ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡ら∇わゎ∠ ぴ

(wit h ut t er dest ruct ion. It may be t hat your Lord may show mercy unt o you) meaning t hat He may rid you of t hem.

びゅ∠ル∇ギハ ⊥ ∇ユゎぁ ギ⊥ハ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (but if you ret urn (t o sins), We shall ret urn (t o Our punishment ).) meaning, if you ret urn t o causing mischief,

びゅ∠ル∇ギハ ⊥ぴ (We shall ret urn) means, We ` will once again punish you in t his world, along wit h t he punishment and t orment We save for you in t he Hereaft er.'

びや⇔ゲΒ͡ダェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have made Hell a prison ぴHasirび for t he disbelievers.) meaning, a place of permanent det ent ion, a prison which cannot be avoided or escaped. Ibn ` Abbas said, "Hasir here means a j ail.'' Muj ahid said, "They will be det ained in it .'' Ot hers said like- wise. Al-Hasan said, "Hasir means a bed of Fire.'' Qat adah said: "The Children of Israel ret urned t o aggres- sion, so Allah sent t his group against t hem, Muhammad and his companions, who made t hem pay t he Jizyah, wit h willing submission, and feeling t hemselves subdued.''

ゲ⊥ あゼら∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ュ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わヤｚ͡ャ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ͡ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ - や⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ (9. Verily, t his Qur'an guides t o t hat which is most j ust and right and gives good news t o t hose who believe, t hose who do right eous deeds, t hat t hey will have a great reward (Paradise).) (10. And t hat t hose who do not believe in t he Hereaft er, for t hem We have prepared a painful t orment (Hell).)

Praising the Qur'an Allah praises His noble Book, t he Qur'an, which He revealed t o His Messenger Muhammad . It direct s people t o t he best and clearest of ways.

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ あゼら∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ

(gives good news t o t hose who believe,) in it a

び͡れゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (t hose who do right eous deeds,) in accordance wit h it , t elling t hem

びや⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ぴ (t hat t hey will have a great reward,) i.e., on t he Day of Resurrect ion. And He t ells

び͡りゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱぴ (t hose who do not believe in t he Hereaft er,) t hat

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (for t hem is a painful t orment ,) i.e. on t he Day of Resurrect ion. As Allah says:

び ユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ゲゼ あ ら∠ プ∠ ぴ (... t hen announce t o t hem a painful t orment .) ぴ84:24び

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ロ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ハキ⊥ ゲあ ゼ ｚ ャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡や ネ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びΙ ⇔ ヲ⊥イハ ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡や (11. And man invokes (Allah) for evil as he invokes (Allah) for good and man is ever hast y.)

Man's Haste and Prayers against Himself for somet hing bad t o happen for t hem, or for t hem t o die or be dest royed, invoking curses, et c. If Allah were t o answer his prayer, he would be dest royed because of it , as Allah says:

びｚゲゼ ｚ ャや サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ あイバ∠ Α⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And were Allah t o hast en for mankind t he evil...) ぴ10:11び This is how it was int erpret ed by Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and Qat adah. We have already discussed t he Hadit h:

∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ょ ⊥ Β͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ る∃ よ∠ ゅ∠ィま͡ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ ぶ ͡ やリ ∠ ョ͡ やヲ⊥ボプ͡ や∠ヲゎ⊥ (Do not pray against yourselves or your wealt h, for t hat might coincide wit h a t ime when Allah answers prayers.) What makes t he son of Adam do t hat is his anxiet y and hast e. Allah says:

び⇔Ιヲ⊥イハ ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡ やラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And man is ever hast y.) Salman Al-Farisi and Ibn ` Abbas ment ioned t he st ory of Adam, when he want ed t o get up before his soul reached his feet . When his soul was breat hed int o him, it ent ered his body from his head downwards. When it reached his brain he sneezed, and said, "Al-Hamdu Lillah'' (praise be t o Allah), and Allah said, "May your Lord have mercy on you, O Adam.'' When it reached his eyes, he opened t hem, and when it reached his body and limbs he st art ed t o st are at t hem in wonder. He want ed t o get up before it reached his feet , but he could not . He said, "O Lord, make it happen before night comes.''

モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや る∠ Α∠ や∠￢ べ∠ル∇ヲエ ∠ ヨ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ Α∠ や∠￢ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ リあョ Κ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らわ∠ ャ͡ り⇔ ゲ∠ ダ ͡ ∇らョ⊥ ケ͡ ゅヰ∠ レｚ ャや る∠ Α∠ や∠￢ べ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レジ あ ャや キ∠ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ダ∇ヘゎ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤダ ｚ プ∠ (12. And We have appoint ed t he night and t he day as t wo Ayat (signs). Then, We have oblit erat ed t he sign of t he night (wit h darkness) while We have made t he sign of t he day illuminat ing, t hat you may seek bount y from your Lord, and t hat you may know t he number of t he years and t o count (periods of t ime). And We have explained everyt hing (in det ail) wit h full explanat ion.)

The Night and Day are Signs of the Great Power of Allah Allah reminds us of t he great signs t hat He creat ed, including t he alt ernat ion of t he night and day, so t hat people may rest at night , and go out and earn a living, do t heir work, and t ravel during t he day, and so t hat t hey may know t he number of days, weeks, mont hs and years, so t hey will know t he appoint ed t imes for paying debt s, doing act s of worship, dealing wit h t ransact ions, paying rent s and so on. Allah says:

び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ Κ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らわ∠ ャ͡ぴ (t hat you may seek bount y from your Lord,) meaning, in your living and t ravels et c.

び∠ゆゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レジ あ ャや キ∠ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠わ͡ャ∠ヱぴ (and t hat you may know t he number of t he years and t o count .) If t ime st ood st ill and never changed, we would not know any of t hese t hings, as Allah says:

ヴ∠ャま͡ や⇔ギ∠ョ∇ゲシ ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ラ͡ま ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∃ べ∠Βツ ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ∇リョ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ラ͡ま ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ∀ ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇リョ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ や⇔ギ∠ョ∇ゲシ ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ぺ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レム⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ モ ∃ ∇Βヤ∠よ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ら∠わャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レム⊥ ∇ジわ∠ ャ͡ ∠ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ (Say: "Tell me! If Allah made t he night cont inuous for you t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion, which god besides Allah could bring you light Will you not t hen hear'' Say: "Tell me! If Allah made t he day cont inuous for you t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion, which god besides Allah could bring you night wherein you rest Will you not t hen see'' It is out of His mercy t hat He has made for you t he night and t he day t hat you may rest t herein and t hat you may seek of His bount y - and in order t hat you may be grat eful.) (28:71-73)

モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ィヱ⊥ゲよ⊥ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぴ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡レョぁ や⇔ゲ∠ヨホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ィや∠ゲシ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ や⇔ケヲ⊥ムセ ⊥ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∠ ミｚ グｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャあ る⇔ ヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ び (Blessed be He Who has placed t he big st ars in t he heaven, and has placed t herein a great lamp (sun), and a moon giving light . And He it is Who has put t he night and t he day in succession, for such who desires t o remember or desires t o show his grat it ude.) (25:61-62)

び͡ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ブ ⊥ ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(and His is t he alt ernat ion of night and day.) ぴ23:80び

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒ｚレャや ケ⊥ あヲム∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ⇒∠ヰレｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∠ ⇒∇Βャｚや ケ⊥ あヲム∠ Α⊥ ぴ モ ∃ ⇒∠ィΙ ６ ン͡ゲ∇イΑ∠ モ ｘ ⇒⊥ミ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ⇒ｚガシ ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや び⊥ケゅｚヘピ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι∠ぺ ヴ６ヨ⇒∠ジョぁ (He makes t he night t o go in t he day and makes t he day t o go in t he night . And He has subj ect ed t he sun and t he moon. Each running (on a fixed course) for an appoint ed t erm. Verily, He is t he All-Might y, t he Oft -Forgiving.) ぴ39:5び

ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゅ⇔レ∠ムシ ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゥ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇タΗ ͡や ペ ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠プぴ び ユ͡ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Α͡ギ∇ボゎ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ら∇ジェ ⊥ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ((He is t he) Cleaver of t he daybreak. He has appoint ed t he night for rest ing, and t he sun and t he moon for reckoning. Such is t he measuring of t he All-Might y, t he All-Knowing.) (6:96),

ユ⊥ワ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ オ ⊥ ヤ∠∇ジル∠ モ ⊥ ∇Βｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚャ ∀る∠Αや∠￢∠ヱぴ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ⇒∠ヰャｚ ゲｙ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ャ͡ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌョぁ び ユ͡ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Α͡ギ∇ボゎ∠ (And a sign for t hem is t he night . We wit hdraw t herefrom t he day, and behold, t hey are in darkness. And t he sun runs on it s fixed course for a t erm (appoint ed). That is t he decree of t he All-Might y, t he All-Knowing.) (36:37-38) Allah has made t he night a sign having dist inguishing feat ures by which it is known. These feat ures include t he darkness and t he appearance of t he moon. The day also has dist inguishing feat ures by which it is known; t he light and t he appearance of t he shining sun. He made a dist inct ion bet ween t he light of t he moon and t he light of t he sun, so t hat t hey may be dist inguished from one anot her, as Allah says:

や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢⇔ べ∠Βッ ͡ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ ゅ∠ョ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レジ あ ャや キ∠ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バわ∠ ャ͡ メ ∠ コ͡ ゅ∠レョ∠ ロ⊥ ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ びあペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ (It is He Who made t he sun a shining t hing and t he moon a light and measured out for it st ages t hat you might know t he number of years and t o count (periods of t ime). Allah did not creat e t his but in t rut h.) ぴ10:5び unt il,

び∠ラヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓぴ (Ayat for t hose people who keep t heir dut y t o Allah, and fear Him much.) ぴ10:6び

サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ろ ⊥ Β͡ホや∠ヲョ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ∇モホ⊥ る͡ ヤｚワ͡ Ε ∠や リ ͡ハ ∠ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Αぴ びあアエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (They ask you about t he crescent moons. Say: "These are signs t o mark fixed periods of t ime for mankind and for t he pilgrimage.'') ぴ2:189び

び⇔りゲ∠ ダ ͡ ∇らョ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや る∠ Α∠ や∠￢ べ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや る∠ Α∠ や∠￢ べ∠ル∇ヲ∠エ∠ヨ∠プぴ (Then, We have oblit erat ed t he sign of t he night (wit h darkness) while We have made t he sign of t he day illuminat ing,) Ibn Jurayj report ed t hat ` Abdullah bin Kat hir comment ed on t his Ayah: "ぴIt meansび t he darkness of t he night and t he t wilight of t he day.'' Ibn Jurayj report ed t hat Muj ahid said: "The sun is t he sign of t he day and t he moon is t he sign of t he night .

び͡モ∇Βャｚや る∠ Α∠ や∠￢ べ∠ル∇ヲ∠エ∠ヨ∠プぴ (We have oblit erat ed t he sign of t he night ) t his refers t o t he moon's blackness, which is how Allah has creat ed it .''

び͡リ∇Βわ∠ Α∠ や∠￢ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have appoint ed t he night and t he day as t wo Ayat .) Ibn Abi Naj ih report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "By night and day, t his is how Allah creat ed t hem, may He be glorified.''

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガル⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ボ͡ レ⊥ ハ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠デ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ョゴ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ リ ∃ ⇒∠ジ∇ルま͡ ｚモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ マ ∠ ら∠ ⇒∠わミ∠ ∇ぺゲ∠ ∇ホや - や⇔ケヲ⊥ゼ∇レョ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ボ∇ヤΑ∠ ゅ⇔よゅ∠わミ͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ び ゅ⇔らΒ͡ジェ ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ よ͡ (13. And We have fast ened every man's Ta'irah (deeds) t o his neck, and on t he Day of Resurrect ion, We shall bring out for him a Book which he will find wide open. ) (14. (It will be said t o him): "Read your Book. You yourself are sufficient as a reckoner against you t his Day.'')

Every Person will have the Book of his Deeds with Him

Aft er ment ioning t ime, and t he deeds of t he son of Adam t hat t ake place t herein, Allah says:

び͡ヮボ͡ レ⊥ ハ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠デ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ョゴ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ リ ∃ ⇒∠ジ∇ルま͡ ｚモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have fast ened every man's Ta'irah (deeds) t o his neck,) The word Ta'irah (lit . somet hing t hat flies) refers t o man's deeds which fly from him, as Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and ot hers said. It includes bot h good deeds and bad deeds, he will be forced t o acknowledge t hem and will be rewarded or punished accordingly.

∇モヨ∠ ⇒∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ヨ∠プぴ び ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ や⇔ゲ∂ セ ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ (So whosoever does good equal t o t he weight of a speck of dust shall see it . And whosoever does evil equal t o t he weight of a speck of dust shall see it .) (99:7-8). Allah says:

∀ギΒ͡バホ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ヨゼ あ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ͡ラゅ∠Βボあ ∠ヤ∠わヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴｚボヤ∠わ∠ Α∠ ∇クま͡ぴ び ∀ギΒ͡わハ ∠ ∀ょΒ͡ホ∠ケ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ ナ ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ヤΑ∠ ゅｚョ ((Remember) t hat t he t wo receivers (recording angels) receive (each human being), one sit t ing on t he right and one on t he left (t o not e his or her act ions). Not a word does he (or she) ut t er but t here is a wat cher by him ready (t o record it ).) (50:17-18)

∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α - リ ∠ Β͡らわ͡ ⇒∠ミ ゅ⇔ョや∠ゲミ͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠エャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ (But verily, over you (are appoint ed angels in charge of mankind) t o wat ch you, Kiraman (Honorable) Kat ibin - writ ing down (your deeds), t hey know all t hat you do.) (82:10-12)

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (You are only being requit ed for what you used t o do.) ぴ52:16び

び͡ヮよ͡ ゴ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョぴ (whosoever works evil, will have t he recompense t hereof.) ぴ4:123び The meaning is t hat t he deeds of t he sons of Adam are preserved, whet her t hey are great or small, and t hey are recorded night and day, morning and evening.

び⇔やケヲ⊥ゼ∇レョ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ボ∇ヤΑ∠ ゅ⇔よゅ∠わミ͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and on t he Day of Resurrect ion, We shall bring out for him a Book which he will find wide open.) meaning, ` We will collect all of his deeds for him in a Book which will be given t o him on t he Day of Resurrect ion, eit her in his right hand, if he is one of t he blessed, or in his left hand if he is one of t he wret ched.'

び⇔やケヲ⊥ゼ∇レョ∠ ぴ (wide open) means, it will be open for him and ot hers t o read all of his deeds, from t he beginning of his life unt il t he end.

リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや モ ͡ よ∠ - ゲ∠ カ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ グ͡ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ほ⊥ｚらレ∠ Α⊥ ぴ び ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α͡クゅ∠バョ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - ∀り∠ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (On t hat Day man will be informed of what (deeds) he sent forward, and what (deeds) he left behind. Nay! Man will be a wit ness against himself, t hough he may put fort h his excuses.) (75:13-15) Allah says:

び ゅ⇔らΒ͡ジェ ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ マ ∠ ら∠ ⇒∠わミ∠ ∇ぺゲ∠ ∇ホやぴ ((It will be said t o him): "Read your Book. You yourself are sufficient as a reckoner against you t his Day.'') meaning, you have not been t reat ed unj ust ly and not hing has been recorded against you except what you have done, because you remember everyt hing t hat you have done, and no one will forget anyt hing t hat he did. Everyone will be able t o read his Book, whet her he is lit erat e or illit erat e.

び͡ヮボ͡ レ⊥ ハ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠デ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ョゴ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ぴ (And We have fast ened every man's Ta'irah (deeds) t o his neck,) The neck is ment ioned because it is a part of t he body t hat has no count erpart , and when one is rest rained by it , he has no escape. Ma` mar narrat ed from Qat adah, "His deeds,

び͡るヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and on t he Day of Resurrect ion, We shall bring out for him) We shall bring fort h t hose deeds.''

び⇔やケヲ⊥ゼ∇レョ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ボ∇ヤΑ∠ ゅ⇔よゅ∠わミ͡ ぴ (a Book which he will find wide open.) Ma` mar said: Al-Hasan recit ed,

び∀ギΒ͡バホ∠ ͡メゅ∠ヨゼ あ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ぴ (one sit t ing on t he right and one on t he left . ) ぴ50:17び ぴAnd he said;び "O son of Adam, your Book has been opened for you, and t wo noble angels have been ent rust ed t o accompany you, one on your right and one on your left . The one who is on your right records your good deeds, and t he one who is on your left records your bad deeds. ` So do what ever you want , a lot or a lit t le, unt il you die, t hen I will fold up your Book and t ie it t o your neck wit h you in your grave. Then when you come out on t he Day of Resurrect ion, you will find t he Book wide open, so read your Book.' By Allah, t he One Who makes you account able for your own deeds is being perfect ly j ust .'' These are some of t he best words Al-Hasan ever spoke, may Allah have mercy on him.

ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ モ ｚッ ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ンギ∠わ∇ヰΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ン∠ギわ∠ ∇ワや リ ͡ ョｚ ぴ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ケ∠ ∇コヱ͡ り∀ ケ∠ コ͡ や∠ヱ ケ⊥ ゴ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ぁツ ͡ Α∠ びΙ ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らル∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡よグあ バ∠ ョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ (15. Whoever goes right , t hen he goes right only for t he benefit of himself. And whoever goes ast ray, t hen he goes ast ray at his own loss. No one laden wit h burdens can bear anot her's burden. And We never punish unt il We have sent a Messenger (t o give warning).)

No One will have to bear the Sins of Another Allah t ells us t hat whoever is guided and follows t he t rut h, walking in t he foot st eps of t he Prophet , he will gain t he good consequences of t hat for himself.

びｚモッ ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever goes ast ray,) meaning from t he t rut h, deviat ing from t he way of guidance, he is wronging himself and will have t o bear t he consequences. Then Allah says:

びン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ケ∠ ∇コヱ͡ り∀ ケ∠ コ͡ や∠ヱ ケ⊥ ゴ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (No one laden wit h burdens can bear anot her's burden.) no one will have t o bear t he sins of anot her, and he does not wrong anyone besides himself, as Allah says:

び∀￢∇ヴセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ヨェ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ る∀ ヤ∠ボ∠ ∇んョ⊥ ネ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (and if one heavily laden calls anot her t o (bear) his load, not hing of it will be lift ed) ぴ35:15び There is no cont radict ion bet ween t his and ot her Ayat :

び∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ ノ∠ ョｚ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ リ ｚ ヤ⊥ヨ͡ ∇エΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, t hey shall bear t heir own loads, and ot her loads besides t heir own.) ぴ29:13び and:

び∃ユ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∠ルヲぁヤ͡ツΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ケ͡ や∠コ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and also of t he burdens of t hose whom t hey misled wit hout knowledge.) ぴ16:25び For t hose who called ot hers t o do evil will bear t he sin of t heir own deviat ion as well as t he sin of t hose whom t hey led ast ray, wit hout det ract ing t he least amount from t he burden of t hose people, and none of t his burden shall be removed from t hem. This is t he j ust ice and mercy of Allah t owards His servant s. As Allah says:

び⇔Ιヲ⊥シケ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らル∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡よグあ バ∠ ョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We never punish unt il We have sent a Messenger (t o give warning).)

No Punishment until a Messenger has been sent Allah t ells us t hat out of His j ust ice, He does not punish anyone unt il He has est ablished proof against him by sending a Messenger t o him, as He says:

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ほ∠シ ∠ ∀ァ∇ヲ∠プ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヴ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ナ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゴ⊥ Βｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠ムゎ∠ ぴ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ べ∠ヰわ⊥ ル∠ ゴ∠ カ ∠ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅレ∠ ∇よグｚ ム∠ プ∠ び ゲ∃ Β͡らミ∠ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ (Every t ime a group is cast t herein, it s keeper will ask: "Did no warner come t o you'' They will say: "Yes, indeed a warner did come t o us, but we belied him and said: ` Allah never sent down anyt hing (of revelat ion); you are only in great error.''') (67:8-9) And,

や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ や⇔ゲ∠ョコ⊥ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ⇒∠ミ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ペ ∠ Β͡シヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ べ∠ヰわ⊥ ル∠ ゴ∠ カ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∇ろエ ∠ わ͡ プ⊥ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ケグ͡ レ⊥Αヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ ∀モシ ⊥ ケ⊥

る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ ∇リム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユム⊥ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢∠ べ⇒∠ボャ͡ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや (And t hose who disbelieved will be driven t o Hell in groups, t ill, when t hey reach it , t he gat es t hereof will be opened. And it s keepers will say, "Did not t he Messengers come t o you from yourselves - recit ing t o you t he verses of your Lord, and warning you of t he meet ing of t his Day of yours'' They will say: "Yes,'' but t he Word of t orment has been j ust ified against t he disbelievers!) (39:71) And,

∇モヨ∠ ∇バル∠ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥カゲ͡ ト ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅｚョ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲヨあ バ∠ ル⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バル∠ ゅｚレ⇒⊥ミ ン͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ ゲ⊥ Α͡グレｚ ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ゲ∠ ミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゲ⊥ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ び ゲ∃ Β͡ダルｚ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャ (Therein t hey will cry: "Our Lord! Bring us out , we shall do right eous good deeds, not (t he evil deeds) t hat we used t o do.'' (Allah will reply:) "Did We not give you lives long enough, so t hat whosoever would receive admonit ion could receive it And t he warner came t o you. So t ast e you (t he evil of your deeds). For t he wrongdoers t here is no helper.'') (35:37) There are ot her Ayat which indicat e t hat Allah will not make anyone ent er Hell except aft er sending a Messenger t o t hem.

The Issue of Small Children who die Here t here arises an issue over which t he scholars in earlier and modern t imes have disagreed, may Allah have mercy on t hem. This is t he issue of children who die when t hey are lit t le, and t heir parent s are disbelievers: what happens t o t hem By t he same t oken, what happens t o t he insane, t he deaf, t he senile and t hose who die during t he circumst ances of Fat rah, when no Message reached t hem Several Hadit hs have been narrat ed on t his t opic, which I will quot e here by t he help and support of Allah. The First Hadit h from Al-Aswad bin Sar ®299∧ Imam Ahmad report ed from Al-Aswad bin Sari' t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ャ ユぁ タ ∠ ぺ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ :る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁイわ∠ ∇エΑ∠ る∀ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠» モ ∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀ュゲ͡ ワ∠ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ペヨ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ユぁ タ ∠ ほ∠∇ャや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ∩∃りゲ∠ ∇わプ∠ ヶ͡プ れ ∠ ゅ∠ョ

:メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ペ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェほ∠∇ャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや ∩͡ゲ∇バら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥プグ͡ ∇エΑ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠Β∇らダ あ ャや∠ヱ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ュ⊥ ゲ͡ ヰ∠ ∇ャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ れ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヵ͡グャｚや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ モ ⊥ ボ͡ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ Β͡をや∠ヲョ∠ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ .∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ マ ∠ ャ∠ ヶ͡ルゅ∠ゎぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゆ あ ケ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヲプ∠ ∩∠ケゅｚレャや やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮレｚバ∠ Β͡トΒ⊥ ャ͡ や⇔キ∇ゲよ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ムャ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤカ ∠ キ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ザ ⊥ ∇ヘル∠ «ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ヤシ ∠ ヱ∠ (There are four who will present t heir case on t he Day of Resurrect ion: a deaf man who never heard anyt hing, an insane man, a very old and senile man, and a man who died during t he Fat rah. As for t he deaf man, he will say, "O Lord, Islam came but I never heard anyt hing.'' As for t he insane man, he will say, "O Lord, Islam came and t he young boys were t hrowing camel dung at me.'' As for t he senile man, he will say, "O Lord, Islam came and I did not underst and anyt hing.'' As for t he one who died during t he Fat rah, he will say, "O Lord, no Messenger from You came t o me.'' Allah will accept t heir pledge of obedience t o Him, t hen He will send word t o t hem t hat t hey should ent er t he Fire. By t he One in Whose Hand is t he soul of Muhammad, if t hey ent er it , it will be cool and safe for t hem.) There is a similar report wit h a chain from Qat adah from Al-Hasan from Abu Rafi` from Abu Hurayrah, but at t he end it says:

∇ユャ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ヤシ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔キ∇ゲよ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ » «ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ょ ⊥ エ ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ (Whoever ent ers it will find it cool and safe, and whoever does not ent er it will be dragged int o it .) This was also recorded by Ishaq bin Rahwayh from Mu` adh bin Hisham, and by Al-Bayhaqi in Al-I` t iqad. He said: "This is a Sahih chain.'' It was report ed by Ibn Jarir from t he Hadit h of Ma` mar from Hammam from Abu Hurayrah, who at t ribut ed it t o t he Prophet . Then Abu Hurayrah said: "Recit e, if you wish:

び⇔Ιヲ⊥シケ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らル∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡よグあ バ∠ ョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We never punish unt il We have sent a Messenger (t o give warning)).'' This was also narrat ed by Ma` mar from ` Abdullah bin Tawus from his fat her, from Abu Hurayrah, but it is Mauquf (it was not at t ribut ed direct ly t o t he Prophet ).

The Second Hadith from Abu Hurayrah He said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ や∠キヲあ ヰ∠ Α⊥ ロ⊥ や∠ヲよ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∩͡りゲ∠ ∇トヘ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ギ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥Α キ∃ ヲ⊥ャ∇ヲョ∠ ぁモミ⊥ » る⇔ ヨ∠ Β͡ヰよ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ Β͡ヰら∠ ∇ャや ア ⊥ わ͡ ∇レゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∩͡ヮル͡ ゅ∠ジイ あ ヨ∠ Α⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ や∠ゲダ あ レ∠ Α⊥ «∨∠￢ゅ∠ハ∇ギィ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲぁジエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ∩∠￢ゅ∠バ∇ヨィ ∠ (Every newborn is born in a st at e of Fit rah (t he nat ural st at e of man), t hen his parent s make him int o a Jew or Christ ian or Zoroast rian, as animals produce whole animals - do you see any t hat is born mut ilat ed (wit h somet hing missing)) According t o one report t hey said: "O Messenger of Allah, what about t hose who die when t hey are lit t le'' He said,

«リΒ͡ヤョ͡ ゅ∠ハ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や» (Allah knows best what t hey would have done.) Imam Ahmad report ed from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Prophet () as far as I know - t he narrat or was not sure if it was at t ribut ed t o Musa - said:

ユ⊥ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヵ ぁ ケ͡ や∠ケク∠ » «ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (The children of t he Muslims are in Paradise, being t aken care of by Ibrahim.) In Sahih Muslim it is report ed from ` Iyyad bin Hammad t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t hat Allah said:

«￢ゅ∠ヘレ∠ ェ ⊥ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヶあルま͡» (I have creat ed My servant s as Hunafa.) According t o anot her version, t he wording is "as Muslims.''

The Third Hadith from Samurah his book Al-Must akhraj ` Ala Al-Bukhari, Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Barqani recorded t he Hadit h of ` Awf Al-A` rabi, from Abu Raj a' Al-` Ut ardi from Samurah t hat t he Prophet said:

«り∠ゲ∇トヘ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ギ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥Α キ∃ ヲ⊥ャ∇ヲョ∠ ぁモミ⊥ »

(Every newborn is born in a st at e of Fit rah.) The people called out t o him: "O Messenger of Allah! What about t he children of t he idolat ors'' He said,

«リΒ͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや キ⊥ ゅ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ » (And t he children of t he idolat ors t oo.) At -Tabarani report ed t hat Samurah said: "We asked t he Messenger of Allah about t he children of t he idolat ors, and he said,

«るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ュ⊥ ギ∠ カ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ » (They are t he servant s of t he people of Paradise.)

The Fourth Hadith from the Paternal Uncle of Hasna Ahmad report ed t hat Hasna' bint Mu` awiyah, from Bani Suraym, said t hat his pat ernal uncle said t o him: "I said, ` O Messenger of Allah, who is in Paradise' He said,

キ⊥ ヲ⊥ャ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ギ⊥ Β͡ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ヶ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや» «るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ギ⊥ Β͡もヲ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ (Prophet s are in Paradise, mart yrs are in Paradise, infant s are in Paradise and baby girls who were buried alive are in Paradise.)

It is Makruh to discuss this Matter In order t o discuss t his issue we need good, sound proof, but people who have no knowledge of Shari` ah may t ry t o speak about it . For t his reason some of t he scholars did not like t o discuss it . This view has been narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas, Al-Qasim bin Muhammad bin Abi Bakr AsSiddiq, Muhammad bin Al-Hanafiyyah and ot hers. Ibn Hibban recorded in his Sahih t hat Jarir bin Hazim said: I heard Abu Raj a' Al-` Ut ardi saying t hat he heard Ibn ` Abbas (may Allah be pleased wit h t hem bot h) saying, "While he was on t he Minbar, t he Messenger of Allah said:

∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠よケ͡ ゅ∠ボョ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔Βゎ͡ や∠ヲョ⊥ る͡ ョｚ ほ⊥∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ メ ⊥ や∠ゴΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ケ∠ギボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ラ ͡ や∠ギ∇ャヲ͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ やヲ⊥ヨヤｚム∠ わ∠ Α∠ (This Ummah will be fine so long as t hey do not t alk about children and t he divine decree.)'' Ibn Hibban said: "This means t alking about t he children of t he idolat ors.'' Abu Bakr Al-Bazzar also recorded it via Jarir bin Hazim, t hen he said, "A group narrat ed it from Abu Raj a' from Ibn ` Abbas, but it is Mauquf''.

∇やヲ⊥ボジ ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プゲ∠ ∇わョ⊥ ゅ∠ル∇ゲョ∠ ぺ∠ る⇔ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰルぁ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ル∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ョ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ル∇ゲョｚ ギ∠ プ∠ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (16. And when We decide t o dest roy a t own (populat ion), Amarna t hose who live luxuriously. Then, t hey t ransgress t herein, and t hus t he word (of t orment ) is j ust ified against it (t hem). Then We dest roy it wit h complet e dest ruct ion.)

Meanings of Amarna The comment at ors differed over t he meaning of t his word. It was said t hat t he phrase t ranslat ed here as "Amarna t hose who live luxuriously. Then, t hey t ransgress t herein'' means, "We send Our decree upon t hem'' as Allah says elsewhere:

びや⇔ケゅ∠ヰ∠ル ∇ヱぺ∠ Κ ⇔ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ワゅ∠ゎぺ∠ぴ (Our decree reaches it by night or by day) For ぴAmarna cannot mean "Our command''び because Allah does not command or enj oin immoralit y. Or, t hey said it means t hat Allah subj ugat ed t hem t o commit immoral deeds, so t hey deserved t he punishment . Or it was said t hat it means: "We commanded t hem t o obey Us, but t hey commit t ed immoral sins, so t hey deserved punishment .'' This was report ed from Ibn Jurayj from Ibn ` Abbas, and it is also t he view of Sa` id bin Jubayr.

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ボジ ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プゲ∠ ∇わョ⊥ ゅ∠ル∇ゲョ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Amarna t hose who live luxuriously. Then, t hey t ransgress t herein,) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: ぴt his meansび "We gave power t o t he evil people, so t hey commit t ed sin t herein (in t he t own), and because t hey did t hat , Allah dest royed t hem wit h t he punishment .'' This is similar t o t he Ayah:

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョ⊥ ゲ∠ ら͡ ⇒∠ミぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ あモミ⊥ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And t hus We have set up in every t own great ones of it s wicked people) ぴ6:133び This was also t he view of Abu Al-` Aliyah, Muj ahid and Ar-Rabi' bin Anas.

∇やヲ⊥ボジ ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プゲ∠ ∇わョ⊥ ゅ∠ル∇ゲョ∠ ぺ∠ る⇔ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰルぁ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ル∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (And when We decide t o dist roy a t own (populat on), Amarna t hose who live luxuriously. Then, t hey t ransgress t herein,) Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, (it means) "We increase t heir numbers. This was also t he view of ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Ad-Dahhak and Qat adah, and it was report ed from Malik and Az-Zuhri.

ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ や∠ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ マ ∠ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ (17. And how many generat ions have We dest royed aft er Nuh! And sufficient is your Lord as AllKnower and Seer of t he sins of His servant s.)

A Threat to Quraysh Warning t he disbelievers of t he Quraysh for rej ect ing His Messenger Muhammad , Allah says t hat He dest royed ot her nat ions who rej ect ed t he Messengers aft er Nuh. This indicat es t hat during t he cent uries bet ween Adam and Nuh, humans were following Islam, as Ibn ` Abbas said: "Bet ween Adam and Nuh t here were t en generat ions, during all of which humans were following Islam.'' The meaning (of t he Ayah) is: "You disbelievers are not more dear t o Allah t han t hey were, and you have rej ect ed t he most noble of t he Messengers and t he best of creat ion, so you are more deserving of punishment .''

びや⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ や∠ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ マ ∠ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ヘ∠ミ∠ヱぴ (And sufficient is your Lord as All-Knower and Seer of t he sins of His servant s.) means, He knows everyt hing t hey do, good and evil, and not hing at all is hidden from Him, may He be glorified and exalt ed.

￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤイ ｚハ ∠ る∠ ヤ∠イ ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リｚョぴ ゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ョ∇グ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ヤ∇ダΑ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲルぁ リ∠ヨャ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ∠ ∇バシ ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ヴ∠バシ ∠ ヱ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ケヲ⊥ェ∇ギョｚ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ム∇ゼョｚ ユ⊥ヰΒ⊥ ∇バシ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ほプ∠ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ (18. Whoever desires t he quick-passing (t ransit ory enj oyment of t his world), We readily grant him what We will for whom We like. Then, aft erwards, We have appoint ed for him Hell; he will burn t herein disgraced and rej ect ed.) (19. And whoever desires t he Hereaft er and st rives for it , wit h t he necessary effort due for it while he is a believer, t hen such are t he ones whose st riving shall be appreciat ed, (rewarded by Allah).)

The Reward of Those who desire this World and Those who desire the Hereafter

Allah t ells us t hat not everyone who desires t his world and it s luxuries get s what he want s. That is at t ained by t hose whom Allah want s t o have it , and t hey get what He wills t hat t hey should get . This Ayah narrows down t he general st at ement s made in ot her Ayat . Allah says:

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲルぁ リ∠ヨャ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤイ ｚハ ∠ぴ び∠ユレｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ (We readily grant him what We will for whom We like. Then, aft erwards, We have appoint ed for him Hell) meaning, in t he Hereaft er,

びべ∠ヰ⇒∠ヤ∇ダΑ∠ ぴ (he will burn t herein) means, he will ent er it unt il it covers him on all sides,

びゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ョ∇グョ∠ ぴ (disgraced) means, blamed for his bad behaviour and evil deeds, because he chose t he t ransient over t he et ernal,

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ェ∇ギョｚ ぴ (rej ect ed.) means, far away (from Allah's mercy), humiliat ed and put t o shame.

び∠りゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever desires t he Hereaft er) want ing t he Hereaft er and it s blessings and delight s,

びゅ∠ヰΒ∠ ∇バシ ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ヴ∠バ∠シ∠ヱぴ (and st rives for it , wit h t he necessary effort due for it ) seeking it in t he right way, which is following t he Messenger .

び∀リョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (while he is a believer,) means, his heart has fait h, i.e., he believes in t he reward and punishment ,

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ム∇ゼョｚ ユ⊥ヰΒ⊥ ∇バシ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ほプ∠ ぴ (t hen such are t he ones whose st riving shall be appreciat ed, (rewarded by Allah).)

ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ べ∠トハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ギぁ ヨ͡ ルぁ ６Κミ⊥ ぴ ゅ∠レ∇ヤツ ｚ プ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルや - や⇔ケヲ⊥ヌ∇エョ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠トハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Κ ｘ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ツ∇ヘゎ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ (20. On each t hese as well as t hose We best ow from t he bount ies of your Lord. And t he bount ies of your Lord can never be forbidden.) (21. See how We prefer one above anot her (in t his world), and verily, t he Hereaft er will be great er in degrees and great er in preferment .) Allah says:

びｚΚミ∠ ぴ On each meaning, on each of t he t wo groups, t hose who desire t his world and t hose who desire t he Hereaft er, We best ow what t hey want

び∠マよあ ケ∠ ￢͡ べ∠トハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぴ (from t he bount ies of your Lord.) means, He is t he One Who is in cont rol of all t hings, and He is never unj ust . He gives t o each what he deserves, whet her it is et ernal happiness or doom. His decree is unst oppable, no one can wit hhold what He gives or change what He want s. Allah says:

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ヌ∇エョ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠トハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t he bount ies of your Lord can never be forbidden.) meaning, no one can wit hhold or prevent t hem. Qat adah said,

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ヌ∇エョ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠トハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t he bount ies of your Lord can never be forbidden.) "(It means) t hey can never decrease''.

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ヌ∇エョ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠トハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t he Bount ies of your Lord can never be forbidden) Al-Hasan and ot hers said, "(It means) t hey can never be prevent ed.'' Then Allah says:

び∃ヂ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤツ ｚ プ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルやぴ

(See how We prefer one above anot her,) meaning in t his world, so t hat some are rich and some are poor, and ot hers are in bet ween; some are beaut iful, some are ugly and ot hers are in bet ween; some die young while ot hers live t o a great age, and some die in bet ween.

び⇔ΚΒ͡ツ∇ヘゎ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Κ ｘ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and verily, t he Hereaft er will be great er in degrees and great er in preferment .) means, t he differences bet ween t hem in t he Hereaft er will be great er t han t he differences bet ween t hem in t his world. Some of t hem will be in varying levels of Hell, in chains and fet t ers, while ot hers will be in t he loft y degrees of Paradise, wit h it s blessings and delight s. The people of Hell will vary in t heir posit ions and levels, j ust as t he people of Paradise will. In Paradise t here are one hundred levels, and t he dist ance bet ween one level and anot her is like t he dist ance bet ween heaven and eart h. It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat t he Prophet said:

ゅ∠ヨ∠ミ リ ∠ ΒあΒヤあハ ͡ モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Β∠ ャ∠ ヴ∠ヤバ⊥ ∇ャや れ ͡ ゅ∠ィケ∠ ギｚ ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» «￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ͡ プ⊥ ぺ⊥ ヶ͡プ ゲ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ピ∇ャや ょ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ヲム∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ (The people of t he highest levels (of Paradise) will see t he people of ` Illiyin as if t hey are looking at dist ant st ars on t he horizon.) Allah says:

び⇔ΚΒ͡ツ∇ヘゎ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Κ ｘ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and verily, t he Hereaft er will be great er in degrees and great er in preferment .)

ゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ョ∇グ∠ョ ギ∠ バ⊥ ∇ボわ∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ モ∠バ∇イゎ∠ Ι ｚぴ びΙ ⇔ ヱ⊥グ∇ガョｚ (22. Set not up wit h Allah any ot her ilah (god), or you will sit down reproved, forsaken (in t he Hellfire).)

Do not associate Anything in Worship with Allah Addressing t hose who are responsible among t his Ummah, Allah says, "Do not admit any part ner int o your worship of your Lord.''

びゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ョ∇グョ∠ ギ∠ バ⊥ ∇ボわ∠ プ∠ ぴ (or you will sit down reproved,) meaning, because of associat ing ot hers wit h Him.

び⇔Ιヱ⊥グ∇ガョｚ ぴ (forsaken.) means, because t he Lord, may He be exalt ed, will not help you; He will leave you t o t he one whom you worshipped, and he has no power eit her t o benefit or t o harm, because t he Only One Who has t he power t o benefit or t o harm is Allah alone, wit h no part ner or associat e. Imam Ahmad report ed t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said: "The Messenger of Allah said:

∩⊥ヮわ⊥ ホ∠ ゅ∠プ ｚギジ ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャゅ͡よ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ゴ∠ ∇ルほ∠プ∠ ∀る∠ホゅ∠プ ヮ⊥ ∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ゅ⇔ヤィ ͡ へ ゅｚョま͡ ヴ∠レピ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ぶ ⊥ やモ ∠シ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ «ゅ⇔ヤィ ͡ ゅ∠ハ ヴ ⇔ レ͡ビ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ (Whoever is afflict ed wit h povert y and goes and asks people for help, will never get rid of his povert y, but if he asks Allah for help, t hen Allah will grant him t he means of independence sooner or lat er.) This was also recorded by Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi, who said, "Hasan Sahih Gharib''.

リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒ｚΑま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ Κ ∠ ミ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ら∠ ム͡ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ リ ｚ ピ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ゅｚョま͡ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ジ∇ェま͡ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ャｚ モ⊥ホヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ∇ゲヰ∠ ∇レゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ｙフぺ⊥ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ ャｚ モ⊥ボゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ あ グぁ ャや ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∠ャ ∇ヂヘ͡ ∇カや∠ヱ - ゅ⇔ヨΑ͡ゲミ∠ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ピタ ∠ ヴ͡ルゅ∠Βよｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ケや ゆ あ ケｚ モ⊥ホヱ∠ (23. And your Lord has Qada ぴdecreedび t hat you worship none but Him. And t hat you be dut iful t o your parent s. If one of t hem or bot h of t hem at t ain old age in your life, say not t o t hem a word of disrespect , nor reprimand t hem but address t hem in t erms of honor.) (24. And lower unt o t hem t he wing of submission and humilit y t hrough mercy, and say: "My Lord! Best ow on t hem Your mercy as t hey did bring me up when I was young.'')

The Command to Worship Allah Alone and to be Dutiful to One's Parents Allah commands us t o worship Him alone, wit h no part ner or associat e. The word Qada ぴnormally having t he meaning of decreeび here means "commanded''. Muj ahid said t hat

び∠ヴツ ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He has Qada) means enj oined. This is also how Ubayy bin Ka` b, Ibn Mas` ud and Ad-Dahhak bin Muzahim recit ed t he Ayah as:

«ロゅｚΑ͡ま ゅｚャま͡ やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅｚャぺ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヴｚタヱ∠ ヱ∠ » "And your Lord has Wassa ぴenj oinedび t hat you worship none but Him.'' The idea of worshipping Allah is connect ed t o t he idea of honoring one's parent s. Allah says:

びゅ⇔ルゅ∠ジ∇ェま͡ リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat you be dut iful t o your parent s.) Here He commands good t reat ment of parent s, as He says elsewhere:

び⊥ゲΒ͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ マ ∠ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゲム⊥ ∇セや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ぴ (give t hanks t o Me and t o your parent s. Unt o Me is t he final dest inat ion) ぴ31:14び

Κ ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ Κ ∠ ミ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ら∠ ム͡ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ リ ｚ ピ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ゅｚョま͡ぴ びｙフぺ⊥ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ ャｚ モ⊥ボゎ∠ (If one of t hem or bot h of t hem at t ain old age in your life, say not t o t hem a word of disrespect ,) means, do not let t hem hear anyt hing offensive from you, not even say "Uff!'' which is t he mildest word of disrespect ,

びゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ∇ゲヰ∠ ∇レゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and do not reprimand t hem) means, do not do anyt hing horrible t o t hem.

びゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ∇ゲヰ∠ ∇レゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and do not reprimand t hem) ` At a' bin Rabah said t hat it meant , "Do not raise your hand against t hem.'' When Allah forbids speaking and behaving in an obnoxious manner, He commands speaking and behaving in a good manner, so He says:

びゅ⇔ヨΑ͡ゲミ∠ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ャｚ モ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ (but address t hem in t erms of honor.) meaning gent ly, kindly, polit ely, and wit h respect and appreciat ion.

び͡るヨ∠ ∇ェゲｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ あ グぁ ャや ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∠ャ ∇ヂヘ͡ ∇カや∠ヱぴ (And lower unt o t hem t he wing of submission and humilit y t hrough mercy,) means, be humble t owards t hem in your act ions.

びや⇔ゲΒ͡ピタ ∠ ヴ͡ルゅ∠Βよｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ケや ゆ あ ケｚ モ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ (and say: "My Lord! Best ow on t hem Your Mercy as t hey did bring me up when I was young.'') means, say t his when t hey grow old and when t hey die. Ibn ` Abbas said: "But t hen Allah revealed:

∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヴ あ ら͡ レｚヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ び∠リΒ͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ (It is not (proper) for t he Prophet and t hose who believe t o ask Allah's forgiveness for t he idolat ors. ..)'' ぴ9:13び There are many Hadit hs which speak about honoring one's parent s, such as t he Hadit h narrat ed t hrough a number of chains of narrat ion from Anas and ot hers, which st at es t hat t he Prophet climbed up on t he Minbar, and t hen said, ((Amin, Amin, Amin.)) It was said, "O Messenger of Allah, why did you say Amin'' He said:

モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ブ ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ユ∠ ビ ͡ ケ∠ ギ⊥ ｚヨエ ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠Α :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ヶ͡ルゅ∠ゎぺ∠» :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡ョへ :∇モホ⊥ ∩∠マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ あダ ∠ Β⊥ヨ∇ヨヤ∠プ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ れ ∠ ∇ゲミ͡ ク⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ヰセ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ブ ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ユ∠ ビ ͡ ケ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠リΒ͡ョへ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡ョへ :∇モホ⊥ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ∇ゲヘ∠ ∇ピΑ⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ツョ∠ ケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヱ ポ ∠ ケ∠ ∇キぺ∠ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ブ ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ユ∠ ビ ͡ ケ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠リΒ͡ョへ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡ョへ :∇モホ⊥ ∩∠るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ロ⊥ ゅ∠ヤカ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ «リΒ͡ョへ (Jibril came t o me and said, "O Muhammad, he is doomed who hears you ment ioned and does not say Salla upon you.'' He said, "Say Amin,'' so I said Amin. Then he said, "He is doomed who sees t he mont h of Ramadan come and go, and he has not been forgiven.'' He said, "Say Amin,'' so I said Amin. Then he said, "He is doomed who grows up and bot h his parent s or one of t hem are st ill alive, and t hey do not cause him t o ent er Paradise.'' He said, "Say Amin,'' so I said Amin.)

Another Hadith Imam Ahmad reported from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet said:

モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ブ ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ユ∠ ビ ͡ ケ∠ ｚユを⊥ ブ ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ユ∠ ビ ͡ ケ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥ブ∇ルぺ∠ ユ∠ ビ ͡ ケ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ら∠ ム͡ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ (ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ミ͡ ) ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αヲ∠ よ∠ ぺ∠ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ポ ∠ ケ∠ ∇キぺ∠ «るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ (He is doomed, he is doomed, he is doomed, t he man whose parent s, one or bot h of t hem, reach old age while he is alive and he does not ent er Paradise.) This version is Sahih alt hough no one recorded it ot her t han Muslim.

Another Hadith Imam Ahmad recorded Mu` awiyah bin Jahimah As-Salami saying t hat Jahimah came t o t he Prophet and said: "O Messenger of Allah, I want t o go out t o fight and I have come t o seek your advice.'' He said,

«ュ⊥ぺ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ » (Do you have a mot her) He said, "Yes.'' The Prophet said,

«ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠∇ィケ͡ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ョゴ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プ» (Then st ay wit h her, for Paradise is at her feet .) Similar incident s were also recorded by ot hers. This was recorded by An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah.

Another Hadith Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Al-Miqdam bin Ma` dikarib said t hat t he Prophet said:

∇ユム⊥ Β͡タヲ⊥Α ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ ゅ∠よべ͡よ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡タヲ⊥Α ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ヰョｚ ほ⊥よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡タヲ⊥Α ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ヰョｚ ほ⊥よ͡

ゆ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ホほ∠∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡タヲ⊥Α ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ͡ゎゅ∠ヰョｚ ほ⊥よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡タヲ⊥Α «ゆ∠ゲ∇ホほ∠∇ャゅ∠プ (Allah enj oins you concerning your fat hers, Allah enj oins you concerning your mot hers, Allah enj oins you concerning your mot hers, Allah enj oins you concerning your mot hers, Allah enj oins you concerning your close relat ives t hen t he next in closeness.) This was recorded by Ibn Maj ah from t he Hadit h of ` Abdullah bin ` Ayyash.

Another Hadith Ahmad recorded t hat a man from Banu Yarbu` said: "I came t o t he Prophet while he was t alking t o t he people, and I heard him saying,

∩∠ポゅ∠カぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ わ∠ ∇カぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩∠ポゅ∠よぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∩ゅ∠Β∇ヤバ⊥ ∇ャや ヶ͡ト∇バヨ⊥ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α∠ » «ポゅ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ポ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ (The hand of t he one who gives is superior. (Give t o) your mot her and your fat her, your sist er and your brot her, t hen t he closest and next closest .)''

リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒∠タ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ シ ͡ ヲ⊥ヘル⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケｚ ぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ∠リΒ͡よやｚヱｘΚ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ (25. Your Lord knows best what is in your souls. If you are right eous, t hen, verily, He is Ever Most Forgiving t o t hose who t urn t o Him in repent ance.)

Omissions comitted against Parents are pardoned with Good Relations and Repentance Sa` id bin Jubayr said: "This refers t o a man who said somet hing t hat he did not t hink would be offensive t o his parent s.'' According t o anot her report : "He did not mean anyt hing bad by t hat .'' So Allah said:

び∠リΒ͡エヤ͡⇒∠タ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ シ ͡ ヲ⊥ヘル⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケｚ ぴ (Your Lord knows best what is in your souls. If you are right eous,)

び⇔やケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ∠リΒ͡よやｚヱｘΚ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (He is Ever Most Forgiving t o t hose who t urn t o Him in repent ance.) Qat adah said: "To t he obedient who pray.''

び⇔やケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ∠リΒ͡よやｚヱｘΚ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (He is Ever Most Forgiving t o t hose who t urn t o Him in repent ance.) Shu` bah narrat ed from Yahya bin Sa` id from Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib; "This refers t o t hose who commit sin t hen repent , and commit sin t hen repent .'' ` At a' bin Yasar, Sa` id bin Jubayr and Muj ahid said: "They are t he ones who ret urn t o goodness.'' Muj ahid narrat ed from ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr, concerning t his Ayah: "This is t he one who, when he remembers his sin when he is alone, he seeks t he forgiveness of Allah.'' Muj ahid agreed wit h him on t hat . Ibn Jarir said: "The best view on t his mat t er is of t hose who said t hat it refers t o t he one who repent s aft er commit t ing sin, who comes back from disobedience t o obedience and who leaves t hat which Allah hat es for t hat which He loves and is pleased wit h. '' What he said is correct , for Allah says,

び ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠Αま͡ べ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t o Us will be t heir ret urn) (88:25). And according t o a Sahih Hadit h, t he Messenger of Allah would say when he ret urned from a j ourney,

«ラヱ⊥ギョ͡ ゅ∠ェ ゅ∠レよあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギよ͡ ゅ∠ハ ∩∠ラヲ⊥らも͡ ゅ∠ゎ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らΑ͡ へ» (We have ret urned repent ing, worshipping and praising our Lord.)

モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ｚボェ ∠ ヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠ク れ ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ ∠ Α͡ケグ∠らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ - や⇔ゲΑ͡グ∇らゎ∠ ∇ケグあ ら∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ - や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘミ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ リ ͡ Β͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ィ∇ゲ∠ゎ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リあョ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ リ ｚッ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇バゎ⊥ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ジ∇Βョｚ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ モ⊥ボプ∠ (26. And give t o t he kinsman his due, and t o t he Miskin (poor), and t o t he wayfarer. But spend not wast efully (your wealt h) in t he manner of a spendt hrift .) (27. Verily, t he spendt hrift s are brot hers of t he Shayat in (devils), and t he Shayt an is ever ungrat eful t o his Lord.) (28. And if you t urn away from t hem and you are await ing a mercy from your Lord for which you hope, t hen, speak unt o t hem a soft , kind word.)

The Command to maintain the Ties of Kinship and the Prohibition of Extravagance When Allah ment ions honoring one's parent s, He follows t his wit h t he command t o t reat one's relat ives well and t o maint ain t he t ies of kinship. According t o t he Hadit h:

«ポゅ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ポ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠ポゅ∠よぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ョｚ ぺ⊥» ヱフヵ ケヱやヵり

«ゆ∠ゲ∇ホほ∠∇ャゅ∠プ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ホほ∠∇ャや ｚユを⊥ » (Your mot her and your fat her, t hen your closest relat ives and t he next closest .) According t o anot her Hadit h:

ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ほ∠ジ ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ホ͡ ∇コケ͡ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ テ ∠ジ ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ヮ∠ヨェ ͡ ケ∠ ∇モダ ͡ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∩͡ヮヤ͡ィ ∠ ぺ∠ (Whoever would like t o see his provision expanded and his life ext ended, let him maint ain his t ies of kinship.)

びや⇔ゲΑ͡グ∇らゎ∠ ∇ケグあ ら∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (But spend not wast efully (your wealt h) in t he manner of a spendt hrift .) When Allah commands spending, He forbids ext ravagance. Spending should be moderat e, as st at ed in anot her Ayah:

び∇やヱ⊥ゲわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ へ∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who, when t hey spend, are neit her ext ravagant nor st ingy). ぴ25:67び Then He says, t o discourage ext ravagance:

び͡リΒ͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ ∠ Α͡ケグ∠らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he spendt hrift s are brot hers of t he Shayat in,) They have t his t rait in common. Ibn Mas` ud said: "This refers spending ext ravagant ly when it is not appropriat e.'' Ibn ` Abbas said likewise. Muj ahid said: "If a man spends all his wealt h on appropriat e t hings, t hen he is not a spendt hrift , but if he spends a lit t le inappropriat ely, t hen he is a spendt hrift .'' Qat adah said: "Ext ravagance means spending money on sin in disobeying Allah, and on wrongful and corrupt t hings.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said: "A man came from Banu Tamim t o t he Messenger of Allah and said: ` O Messenger of Allah, I have a lot of wealt h, I have a family, children, and t he refinement s of cit y life, so t ell me how I should spend and what I should do.' The Messenger of Allah said:

∀り∠ゲ∇ヰデ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∠ラゅ∠ミ ∇ラま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ョ ∇リョ͡ ∠りゅ∠ミゴｚ ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ » モ ͡ も͡ ゅｚジャや ペ ｚェ ∠ フ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ポ￢∠ ゅ∠よゲ͡ ∇ホぺ∠ モ ⊥ダ ͡ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ポゲ⊥ ヰあ ト ∠ ゎ⊥ «リΒ͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや∠ヱ (Pay t he Zakah on your wealt h if any is due, for it is purificat ion t hat will make you pure, maint ain your t ies of kinship, pay at t ent ion t o t he right s of beggars, neighbors and t he poor.) He said: ` O Messenger of Allah, make it less for me.' He ぴrecit edび:

モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ｚボェ ∠ ヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠ク れ ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ゲΑ͡グ∇らゎ∠ ∇ケグあ ら∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ (And give t o t he kinsman his due, and t o t he Miskin (poor) and t o t he wayfarer. But spend not wast efully in t he manner of a spendt hrift .) The man said, ` That is enough for me, O Messenger of Allah. If I pay Zakah t o your messenger, will I be absolved of t hat dut y before Allah and His Messenger' The Messenger of Allah said:

ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇もゲ͡ よ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡ャヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ヰ∠わ∇Αキｚ ∠ぺ や∠クま͡ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » «ゅ∠ヰャ∠ギｚ よ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇をま͡ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ (Yes, if you give it t o my messenger, you will have fulfilled it , and you will have t he reward for it , and t he sin is on t he one who changes it .)''

び͡リΒ͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ ∠ Α͡ケグ∠らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he spendt hrift s are brot hers of t he Shayat in,) meaning, t hey are t heir brot hers in ext ravagance, foolishness, failing t o obey Allah and commit t ing sin. Allah said:

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ヘミ∠ ヮ͡ よあゲ∠ ャ͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and t he Shayt an is ever ungrat eful t o his Lord.) meaning, he is an ingrat e, because he denied t he blessings of Allah and did not obey Him, t urning inst ead t o disobedience and rebellion.

び∠マよあ ケｚ リあョ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ リ ｚッ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇バゎ⊥ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And if you t urn away from t hem and you are await ing a mercy from your Lord) ` If your relat ives and t hose t o whom We have commanded you t o give, ask you for somet hing, and you do not have anyt hing, and you t urn away from t hem because you have not hing t o give,

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ジ∇Βョｚ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ モ⊥ボプ∠ ぴ (t hen, speak unt o t hem a soft , kind word.) meaning, wit h a promise. This was t he opinion of Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan, Qat adah and ot hers.

ゅ∠ヰ∇トジ ⊥ ∇らゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ボ͡ レ⊥ ハ ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ る⇔ ャ∠ヲ⊥ヤ∇ピョ∠ ポ ∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - や⇔ケヲ⊥ジ∇エョｚ ゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ヤ∠ョ ギ∠ バ⊥ ∇ボわ∠ プ∠ テ ͡ ∇ジら∠ ∇ャや ｚモミ⊥ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ケ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ベ ∠ ∇コゲあ ャや テ ⊥ジ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ (29. And let not your hand be t ied (like a miser) t o your neck, nor overext end it (like a spendt hrift ), so t hat you become blamewort hy and in severe povert y.) (30. Truly, your Lord expands t he provision for whom He wills and st rait ens (for whom He wills). Verily, He is Ever All-Knower, All-Seer of His servant s.)

Moderation in Spending Allah enj oins moderat ion in living. He condemns miserliness and forbids ext ravagance.

び∠マボ͡ レ⊥ ハ ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ る⇔ ャ∠ヲ⊥ヤ∇ピョ∠ ポ ∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And let not your hand be t ied (like a miser) t o your neck,) t his means, do not be miserly and st ingy, never giving anyt hing t o anyone, as t he Jews - may t he curses of Allah be upon t hem said, "Allah's Hand is t ied up (i.e., He does not give and spend of His bount y)''. They at t ribut ed miserliness t o Him, Exalt ed and Sanct ified be t he Most Generous Best ower!

び͡テ∇ジら∠ ∇ャや ｚモミ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇トジ ⊥ ∇らゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor overext end it (like a spendt hrift )) means, nor be ext ravagant in spending and giving more t han you can afford, or paying more t han you earn, lest you become blamewort hy and find yourself in severe povert y. If you are a miser, people will blame you and condemn you, and no longer rely on you. When you spend more t han you can afford, you will find yourself wit hout anyt hing t o spend, so you will be worn out , like an animal t hat cannot walk, so it becomes weak and incapable. It is described as worn out , which is similar in meaning t o exhaust ed. As Allah says:

ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ͡プ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ゅｚョ ゅ⇔ホゅ∠らデ ͡ れ ∃ ヲ∠ ⇒ヨ∠ シ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ リ͡ョ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ノ͡ ィ ͡ ∇ケゅ∠プ れ ∃ ヲ⊥ ⇒∠ヘゎ∠ リ͡ョ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ょヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Α リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚ ミ∠ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ら∠ ャや ノ͡ ィ ͡ ケ∇や ｚユを⊥ - ケ∃ ヲ⊥トプ⊥ び ∀ゲΒ͡ジ∠ェ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃシ ͡ ゅ∠カ ゲ⊥ ダ ∠ ら∠ ャや (Then look again: "Can you see any rift s'' Then look again and yet again, your sight will ret urn t o you in a st at e of humiliat ion and worn out . ) (67:3-4) meaning, unable t o see any fault s. Similarly, Ibn ` Abbas, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Ibn Jurayj , Ibn Zayd and ot hers underst ood t his Ayah as miserliness and ext ravagance. It was report ed in t he Two Sahihs from t he Hadit h of Abu AzZinad from Al-A` raj t hat Abu Hurayrah heard t he Messenger of Allah say:

ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ィ ⊥ ケ∠ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ペ ͡ ヘ͡ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ Β͡ガら∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ » ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ Β͡ホやゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ Αあ ギ͡ を⊥ ∇リョ͡ ギ∃ Α͡ギェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わらｚ ィ ⊥ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヤィ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇れゲ∠ プ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ろピ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ペ ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇レΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ペ ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヤプ∠ モ ⊥ Β͡ガら∠ ∇ャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ロゲ∠ を∠ ぺ∠ ヲ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヶ ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ る∃ ボ∠ ∇ヤェ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ろホ∠ ゴ͡ ャ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ペ ∠ ヘ͡ ∇レΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ «ノ͡ジわｚ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ シ あ ヲ∠ Α⊥ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ (The parable of t he miser and t he almsgiver is t hat of t wo persons wearing iron cloaks from t heir chest s t o t heir collar-bones. When t he almsgiver gives in charit y, t he cloak becomes spacious unt il it covers his whole body t o such an ext ent t hat it hides his fingert ips and covers his t racks (oblit erat es his t racks - or, his sins will be forgiven). And when t he miser want s t o spend, it (t he iron cloak) st icks and (it s) every ring get s st uck t o it s place, and he t ries t o widen it , but it does not become wide.) This version was recorded by Al-Bukhari in t he Book of Zakah. In t he Two Sahihs it is recorded t hat Mu` awiyah bin Abi Muzarrid narrat ed from Sa` id bin Yasar t hat Abu Hurayrah said: "The Messenger of Allah said:

ラ ͡ ゅ∠ャゴ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ムヤ∠ョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ キ⊥ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャや ウ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ダΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» ∩ゅ⇔ヘヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ⇔ボヘ͡ ∇レョ⊥ テ ͡ ∇ハぺ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや:ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ «ゅ⇔ヘヤ∠ゎ∠ ゅ⇔ムジ ͡ ∇ヨョ⊥ テ ͡ ∇ハぺ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや :ゲ⊥ カ ∠ べ∇ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠

(There is no day when a person wakes up but t wo angels come down from heaven. One of t hem says, ` O Allah, compensat e t he one who gives (in charit y),' and t he ot her one says, ` O Allah, dest roy t he one who wit hholds.')'' Muslim recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Prophet said:

や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や キ∠ や∠コ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩∃るホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀メゅ∠ョ ゾ ∠ ボ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ» «ぶや ヮ⊥ バ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ぶ ͡ ノ∠ ッ ∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩や６ゴハ ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ペ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ (Wealt h never decreases because of Sadaqah (charit y). Allah never increases a servant who gives in charit y except in honor, and whoever is humble for t he sake of Allah, Allah will raise him in st at us.) According t o a Hadit h narrat ed by Abu Kat hir from ` Abdullah bin ` Amr, who at t ribut ed it t o t he Prophet :

∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ウ ｚゼ ぁ ャや∠ヱ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡» ∩やヲ⊥バ∠ト∠ボ∠プ る͡ バ∠ Β͡トボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩やヲ⊥ヤガ ͡ ら∠ プ∠ モ ͡ ∇ガら⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ «やヱ⊥ゲイ ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ ケ͡ ヲ⊥イヘ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ (Beware of st inginess for it dest royed t he people who came before you. It commanded t hem t o be miserly, so t hey were miserly; and it commanded t hem t o cut t he t ies of kinship, so t hey cut t hem; and it commanded t hem t o commit immoral act ions, so t hey did so.)

び⊥ケギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ベ ∠ ∇コゲあ ャや テ ⊥ジ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, your Lord expands t he provision for whom He wills and st rait ens (for whom He wills).) This Ayah is t elling us t hat Allah is t he One Who provides or wit hholds, t he Best ower Who is running t he affairs of His creat ion as He wills. He makes rich whomever He wills, and He makes poor whomever He wills, by t he wisdom t hat is His. He said: /

びや⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, He is Ever All-Knower, All-Seer of His servant s.) meaning, He knows and sees who deserves t o be rich and who deserves t o be poor. In some cases, richness may be decreed so t hat a person get s carried away, leading t o his own doom. In ot her cases, povert y may be a punishment . We seek refuge wit h Allah from bot h.

∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲル∠ リ ⊥ ∇エｚル ペ ∃ ⇒∠ヤ∇ョま͡ る∠ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ キ∠ Ι∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇トカ ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇わホ∠ ラ ｚ ま ユ⊥ミゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ (31. And kill not your children for fear of povert y. We shall provide for t hem as well as for you. Surely, t he killing of t hem is a great sin.)

Prohibition of killing Children This Ayah indicat es t hat Allah is more compassionat e t owards His servant s t han a fat her t o his child, because He forbids killing children j ust as He enj oins parent s t o t ake care of t heir children in mat t ers of inherit ance. The people of Jahiliyyah would not allow t heir daught ers t o inherit from t hem, and some would even kill t heir daught ers lest t hey make t hem more poor. Allah forbade t hat and said:

び∃ペ⇒∠ヤ∇ョま͡ る∠ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ キ∠ Ι∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And kill not your children for fear of povert y.) meaning, lest t hey may make you poor in t he fut ure. This is why Allah ment ions t he children's provision first :

び∇ユワ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲル∠ リ ⊥ ∇エｚルぴ (We shall provide for t hem as well as for you.) In Surat Al-An` am, Allah says:

び∃ペ⇒∠ヤ∇ョま ∇リョあ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (kill not your children because of povert y.) ぴ6:151び

びユ⊥ミゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲル∠ リ ⊥ ∇エｚルぴ (We provide sust enance for you and for t hem) ぴ6:151び and,

びや⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇トカ ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇わホ∠ ラ ｚ まぴ (Surely, t he killing of t hem is a great sin.) means, a maj or sin. In Two Sahihs it is recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said: "I said, ` O Messenger of Allah, which sin is t he worst ' He said,

∨ｘヵぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ . マ ∠ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ や６ギル͡ ヮ͡ ヤ∂ャ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠» :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ . マ ∠ バ∠ ョ∠ ユ∠ バ∠ ∇トΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ る∠ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ポ ∠ ギ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ モ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ «ポ͡ケゅ∠ィ る͡ ヤ∠Β͡ヤエ ∠ よ͡ ヶ ∠ ル͡ や∠ゴゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨ｘヵぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ (To appoint rivals of Allah when He has creat ed you.) I asked, ` Then what ' He said, (To kill your child lest he should eat wit h you.) I asked, ` Then what ' He said, (To commit adult ery wit h your neighbor's wife.)''

びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠シヱ∠ る⇔ ゼ ∠ェ ͡ ゅ∠プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴ∠ルゴあ ャや ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (32. And come not near t o unlawful sex. Verily, it is Fahishah (immoral sin) and an evil way.)

The Command to avoid Zina (Unlawful Sex) and Everything that leads to it Allah says, forbidding His servant s t o commit Zina or t o approach it or t o do anyt hing t hat may lead t o it :

び⇔るゼ ∠ェ ͡ ゅ∠プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴ∠ルゴあ ャや ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And come not near t o unlawful sex. Verily, it is a Fahishah (immoral sin)) meaning a maj or sin,

び⇔ΚΒ͡らシ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠シヱ∠ ぴ (and an evil way.) meaning, a t errible way t o behave. Imam Ahmad recorded Abu Umamah saying t hat a young man came t o t he Prophet and said, "O Messenger of Allah! Give me permission t o commit Zina (unlawful sex).'' The people surrounded him and rebuked him, saying, "St op! St op!'' But t he Prophet said,

«ヮ⊥ル∇キや» (Come close) The young man came t o him, and he said,

«ザ͡ヤ∇ィや» (Sit down) so he sat down. The Prophet said,

«マあョほ⊥ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ぺ∠» (Would you like it (unlawful sex) for your mot her) He said, "No, by Allah, may I be ransomed for you.'' The Prophet said,

«ユ͡ヰゎ͡ ゅ∠ヰョｚ ほ⊥ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ャヱ∠ » (Neit her do t he people like it for t heir mot hers.) The Prophet said,

«∨∠マわ͡ レ∠ ∇よゅ͡ャ ヮ⊥ らぁエ ͡ わ⊥ プ∠ ぺ∠»

(Would you like it for your daught er) He said, "No, by Allah, may I be ransomed for you.'' The Prophet said,

«ユ͡ヰゎ͡ ゅ∠レら∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ャヱ∠ » (Neit her do t he people like it for t heir daught ers. ) The Prophet said,

«∨∠マわ͡ ∇カほ⊥ャ͡ ヮ⊥ らぁエ ͡ わ⊥ プ∠ ぺ∠» (Would you like it for your sist er) He said, "No, by Allah, may I be ransomed for you.'' The Prophet said,

«ユ͡ヰゎ͡ や∠ヲカ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ャヱ∠ » (Neit her do t he people like it for t heir sist ers.) The Prophet said,

«∨∠マわ͡ ヨｚ バ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ らぁエ ͡ わ⊥ プ∠ ぺ∠» (Would you like it for your pat ernal aunt ) He said, "No, by Allah, O Allah's Messenger! may I be ransomed for you.'' The Prophet said,

«ユ͡ヰゎ͡ ゅｚヨバ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ャヱ∠ » (Neit her do t he people like it for t heir pat ernal aunt s.) The Prophet said,

«∨∠マわ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ガャ͡ ヮ⊥ らぁエ ͡ わ⊥ プ∠ ぺ∠» (Would you like it for your mat ernal aunt ) He said, "No, by Allah, O Allah's Messenger! may I be ransomed for you.'' The Prophet said,

«ユ͡ヰゎ͡ ゅ∠ャゅ∠ガャ͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ャヱ∠ » (Neit her do t he people like it for t heir mat ernal aunt s.) Then t he Prophet put his hand on him and said,

«ヮ∠ィ∇ゲプ∠ ∇リダ ͡ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮら∠ ∇ヤホ∠ ∇ゲヰあ デ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮら∠ ∇ルク∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» (O Allah, forgive his sin, purify his heart and guard his chast it y.) Aft er t hat t he young man never paid at t ent ion t o anyt hing of t hat nat ure.

リ∠ョヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ャゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ザ ∠ ∇ヘレｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ フ͡ゲ∇ジΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヮ͡ Βあ ャ͡ヲ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ヤ∇ヌ∠ョ モ ∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ダ∇レョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ モ ͡ ∇わボ∠ ∇ャや ヴあプ (33. And do not kill anyone whose killing Allah has forbidden, except for a j ust cause. And whoever is killed wrongfully (not by mist ake), We have given his heir t he aut horit y. But let him not exceed limit s in t he mat t er of t aking life. Verily, he is helped.)

Prohibition of Unlawful Killing Allah forbids killing with no legitimate reason. It was report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ユ∃ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや ュ⊥ キ∠ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ» ザ ⊥ ∇ヘｚレャや :ゐ ∃ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ン∠ギ∇ェみ͡よ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ∩͡ぶや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ や⇔ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ レ͡ Α͡ギャ͡ ポ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚわャや∠ヱ ∩⊥リダ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヶ͡ルやｚゴャや∠ヱ ∩͡ザ∇ヘレｚ ャゅ͡よ «る∠ハゅ∠ヨイ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ベ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや (The blood of a Muslim who bears wit ness t o La ilaha illallah and t hat Muhammad is t he Messenger of Allah, is not permissible (t o be shed) except in t hree cases: a soul for a soul (i.e., in t he case of murder), an adult erer who is married, and a person who leaves his religion and desert s t he Jama'ah.) The following is recorded in t he books of t he Sunan:

«ユ͡ヤ∇ジョ⊥ モ ͡ ∇わホ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや メ ⊥ や∠ヱゴ∠ ャ∠» (If t he world were t o be dest royed, it would be of less import ance t o Allah t han t he killing of a Muslim.)

び⇔ゅレ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヮ͡ Βあ ャ͡ヲ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ヤ∇ヌ∠ョ モ ∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever is killed wrongfully, We have given his heir t he aut horit y.) The aut horit y is over t he killer. The heir has t he choice; if he wishes, he may have him killed in ret aliat ion, or he may forgive him in ret urn for t he payment of t he Diyah (blood money), or he may forgive him wit h no payment , as is report ed in t he Sunnah. The great scholar and Imam Ibn ` Abbas underst ood from t he general meaning of t his Ayah t hat Mu` awiyah should t ake power, because he was t he heir of ` Ut hman, who had been killed wrongfully, may Allah be pleased wit h him,

and Mu` awiyah did event - ually t ake power, as Ibn ` Abbas said on t he basis of t his Ayah. This is one of t he st ranger of mat t ers.

び͡モ∇わボ∠ ∇ャや ヴあプ フ͡ゲ∇ジΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (But let him not exceed limit s in t he mat t er of t aking life.) They said: t his means t he heir should not go t o ext remes in killing t he killer, such as mut ilat ing t he body or t aking revenge on persons ot her t han t he killer.

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ダ∇レョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, he is helped.) means, t he heir is helped against t he killer by t he Shari` ah and by divine decree.

ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ ユ͡ Β͡わΒ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ -Ι ⇔ ヱ⊥ぽ∇ジョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ギ∠ ∇ヰバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥プ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ｚギセ ⊥ ぺ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ユ͡ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや サ ͡ ゅ∠ト∇ジボ͡ ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ルコ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤミ͡ やク͡ま モ ∠ ∇Βム∠ ∇ャや やヲ⊥プ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ びΚ ⇔ Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ (34. And come not near t o t he orphan's propert y except t o improve it , unt il he at t ains t he age of full st rengt h. And fulfill (every) covenant . Verily, t he covenant will be quest ioned about .) (35. And give full measure when you measure, and weigh wit h a balance t hat is st raight . That is good (advant ageous) and bet t er in t he end.)

The Command to handle the Orphan's Wealth properly and to be Honest in Weights and Measures

ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ ユ͡ Β͡わΒ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ロギｚ セ ⊥ ぺ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ (And come not near t o t he orphan's propert y except t o improve it , unt il he at t ains t he age of full st rengt h.) meaning, do not dispose of t he orphan's wealt h except in a proper manner.

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ や⇔ケや∠ギよ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プや∠ゲ∇シま͡ べ∠ワヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇モミ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡ボプ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ブヘ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ レ͡ ビ ∠ び͡フヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (but consume it ぴt he orphan's propert yび not wast efully and hast ily fearing t hat t hey should grow up, and whoever (among guardians) is rich, he should t ake no wages, but if he is poor, let him have for himself what is j ust and reasonable (according t o his labor).) ぴ4:6び In Sahih Muslim it is recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t o Abu Dharr:

ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ∠ ぁょェ ͡ ぺ⊥ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ ∩ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡バッ ∠ ポ ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ ケ∠ ク∠ ゅ∠よ∠ぺ ゅ∠Α» リ ｚ Β∠ ャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩͡リ∇Βレ∠ ∇をや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ｚ ゲ∠ ョｚ ほ∠ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ :ヶ͡ジ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ぁょェ ͡ ぺ⊥ «ユΒ͡わΒ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ョ (O Abu Dharr, I see t hat you are weak (in adiminist ering), and I like for you t hat which I like for myself. Do not let yourself be appoint ed as Amir over t wo people, and do not let yourself be appoint ed as guardian of an orphan's propert y.)

び͡ギ∇ヰバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥プ∇ヱ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (And fulfill (every) covenant .) meaning, everyt hing t hat you promise people, and t he covenant s t hat you agree t o, because t he person who makes a covenant or a promise will be asked about it :

び⇔Ιヱ⊥ぽ∇ジョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ギ∠ ∇ヰバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he covenant will be quest ioned about .)

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤミ͡ やク͡ま モ ∠ ∇Βム∠ ∇ャや やヲ⊥プ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And give full measure when you measure.) meaning, do not t ry t o make it weigh less nor wrong people wit h t heir belongings.

び͡サゅ∠ト∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ル͡コ∠ヱぴ (and weigh wit h a balance) meaning scales,

び∠ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャやぴ (t hat is st raight .) meaning t hat which is not dist ort ed nor t hat which will cause confusion.

び∀ゲ∇Βカ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (t hat is good) for you, in your daily life and in your Hereaft er. So Allah says:

び⇔ΚΑ͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and bet t er in t he end.) meaning, wit h regard t o your ult imat e end in t he Hereaft er.

び⇔ΚΑ͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Βカ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (That is good (advant ageous) and bet t er in t he end.) Sa` id narrat ed t hat Qat adah said t hat t his means "Bet t er in reward and a bet t er end. '' Ibn ` Abbas used t o say: "O people, you are ent rust ed wit h t wo t hings for which t he people who came before you were dest royed - t hese weight s and measures.''

ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ノ∠ ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∀ユ∇ヤ͡ハ ヮ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ブ ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びΙ ⇔ ヱ⊥ぽ∇ジョ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒ャヱ⊥ぺ ぁモミ⊥ キ∠ や∠ぽヘ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ (36. And follow not t hat of which you have no knowledge. Verily, t he hearing, and t he sight , and t he heart of each of t hose ones will be quest ioned (by Allah).)

Do not speak without Knowledge ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "This means) do not say (anyt hing of which you have no knowledge).'' Al-` Awfi said: "Do not accuse anyone of t hat of which you have no knowledge.'' Muhammad bin Al-Hanafiyyah said: "It means bearing false wit ness.'' Qat adah said: "Do not say, ` I have seen', when you did not see anyt hing, or ` I have heard', when you did not hear anyt hing, or ` I know', when you do not know, for Allah will ask you about all of t hat .'' In conclusion, what t hey said means t hat Allah forbids speaking wit hout knowledge and only on t he basis of suspicion, which is mere imaginat ion and illusions. As Allah says:

び∀ユ∇をま͡ リ あヌ ｚ ャや ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ リ あヌ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィやぴ (Avoid much suspicion; indeed some suspicions are sins.) ぴ49:12び According t o a Hadit h:

«ゑΑ͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ⊥ グ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚヌ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ み͡ヘ∠ レ∠ レｚヌ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡» (Beware of suspicion, for suspicion is t he falsest of speech.) The following Hadit h is found in Sunan Abu Dawud:

«やヲ⊥ヨハ ∠ コ∠ :モ ͡ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや る⊥ Βｚ ト ͡ ョ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ » (What an evil habit it is for a man t o say, ` They claimed...') According t o anot her Hadit h:

∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇Βハ ∠ モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや ヵ ∠ ゲ͡ Α⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ン∠ゲヘ͡ ∇ャや ン∠ゲ∇プぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» «ゅ∠Αゲ∠ ゎ∠ (The worst of lies is for a man t o claim t o have seen somet hing t hat he has not seen.) In t he Sahih it says:

リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ギ∠ ボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ブ ∠ ヤあミ⊥ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤェ ⊥ ユ∠ ヤｚエ ∠ ゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «モハ ͡ ゅ∠ヘよ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ゲ∠ Β͡バセ ∠ (Whoever claims t o have seen a dream (when he has not seen) will be t old on t he Day of Resurrect ion t o make a knot bet ween t wo barley grains, and he will not be able t o do it .)

び∠マゃ͡ ⇒ャヱ⊥ぺ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ (each of t hose ones) means t hese facult ies, hearing, sight and t he heart ,

び⇔Ιヱ⊥ぽ∇ジョ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミぴ (will be quest ioned.) means, t he person will be asked about t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and t hey will be asked about him and what he did wit h t hem.

ベ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガゎ∠ リ∠ャ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ェゲ∠ ョ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ズ ͡ ∇ヨゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぁモミ⊥ - Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥デ メ ∠ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らゎ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや び ゅ⇔ワヱ⊥ゲ∇ム∠ョ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ヮ⊥ ゃ⊥ あΒシ ∠

(37. And walk not on t he eart h wit h conceit and arrogance. Verily, you can neit her rend nor penet rat e t he eart h nor can you at t ain a st at ure like t he mount ains in height .) (38. All t he bad aspect s of t hese (t he above ment ioned t hings) are hat eful t o your Lord.)

Condemnation of strutting Allah forbids His servant s t o st rut and walk in a boast ful manner:

びゅ⇔ェゲ∠ ョ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ズ ͡ ∇ヨゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And walk not on t he eart h wit h conceit and arrogance.) meaning, walking in boast ful manner and act ing proud, like t hose who are arrogant oppressors.

び∠チ∇ケｘΙや ベ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガゎ∠ リ∠ャ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, you can neit her rend nor penet rat e t he eart h) means, you cannot penet rat e t he eart h wit h your walking. This was t he opinion of Ibn Jarir.

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェ∇ヱぺ∠ べｚヨョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ ゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ヤ∠ョ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ͡プ ヴ∠ボ∇ヤわ⊥ プ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ェ∇ギョｚ (39. This is (part ) of Al-Hikmah (wisdom) which your Lord has revealed t o you. And set not up wit h Allah any ot her god lest you should be t hrown int o Hell, blamewort hy and rej ect ed (from Allah's mercy).)

Everything previously mentioned is Revelation and Wisdom Allah says: ` What We have commanded you t o do is part of good manners, and what We have forbidden you are evil qualit ies. We have revealed t his t o you, O Muhammad, so t hat you may command t he people likewise.'

ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ͡プ ヴ∠ボ∇ヤわ⊥ プ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅョ⇔ ヲ⊥ヤョ∠ (And set not up wit h Allah any ot her god lest you should be t hrown int o Hell, blamewort hy) meaning, your own self will blame you, as will Allah and His creat ion.

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ェ∇ギョｚ ぴ (rej ect ed) means far removed from everyt hing good. Ibn ` Abbas and Qat adah said: "(It means) cast out .'' This is an address t o t he Ummah via t he Messenger , for he is infallible.

ゅ⇔をゅ∠ルま͡ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ムよぁ ケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ヘ∇タほ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボわ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ (40. Has t hen your Lord preferred for you sons, and t aken for Himself from among t he angels daught ers Verily, you indeed ut t er an awful saying.)

Refutation of Those Who claim that the Angels are Daughters of Allah Allah refut es t he lying idolat ors who claim, may t he curse of Allah be upon t hem, t hat t he angels are t he daught ers of Allah. They made t he angels, who are t he servant s of Ar-Rahman (t he Most Beneficent ), females, and called t hem daught ers of Allah, t hen t hey worshipped t hem. They were gravely wrong on all t hree count s. Allah says, denouncing t hem:

び∠リΒ͡レら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ムよぁ ケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ヘ∇タほ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Has t hen your Lord preferred for you sons,) meaning, has He given only you sons

びゅ⇔をゅ∠ルま͡ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (and t aken for Himself from among t he angels daught ers) meaning, has He chosen for Himself, as you claim, daught ers Then Allah denounces t hem even more severely, and says:

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボわ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, you indeed ut t er an awful saying.) meaning, in your claim t hat Allah has children, t hen you say t hat His children are female, which you do not like for yourselves and may even kill t hem by burying t hem alive. That is indeed a division most unfair! Allah says:

- や⇔キ∂ ま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ - や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや ペ ぁゼ ∠ レ∠ゎヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ゲト ｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや キ⊥ ゅ∠ムゎ∠ - や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ や∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ラ∠ぺ - や⇔ギ∂ ワ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ゲぁ ガ ͡ ゎ∠ ヱ∠

リ∠ョ ぁモミ⊥ ラ͡ま - や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヴ͡ゎへ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ͡ヮΒ͡ゎや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ ヱ∠ - や⇔ギ∂ ハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギｚ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚ び や⇔キ∇ゲプ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや (And t hey say: "The Most Beneficent (Allah) has begot t en a child.'' Indeed you have brought fort h (said) a t errible evil t hing. Whereby t he heavens are almost t orn, and t he eart h split asunder, and t he mount ains fall in ruins. That t hey ascribe a son child t o t he Most Beneficent . But it is not suit able for (t he maj est y of) t he Most Beneficent t hat he should beget a child. There is none in t he heavens and t he eart h but comes unt o t he Most Beneficent as a servant . Verily, He knows each one of t hem, and has count ed t hem a full count ing. And every one of t hem will come t o Him alone on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) (19:88-95)

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヱゲ⊥ ミｚ グｚ ∠Β͡ャ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇プゲｚ タ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘル⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ (41. And surely, We have explained in t his Qur'an t hat t hey may t ake heed, but it increases t hem in naught save aversion.) Allah says:

び͡ラや∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇プゲｚ タ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And surely, We have explained in t his Qur'an) meaning, ` We have explained Our warni- ngs so t hat t hey may remember t he proof, evidence and exhort a- t ions cont ained t here- in, and be prevent ed from Shirk, wrong- doing and scandal.'

び∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (but it increases t hem in naught ) t he wrong- doers among t hem

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ヘル⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (save aversion.) aversion t owards t he t rut h; t hey go furt her away from it .

∇や∇ヲピ∠ わ∠ ∇よΙ ｚ や⇔クま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ る∀ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャｚ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ゅヨｚ ハ ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ - Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ク ヴ∠ャま͡ び や⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ や６ヲヤ⊥ハ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ (42. Say: "If t here had been ot her gods along wit h Him as t hey assert , t hen t hey would cert ainly have sought out a way t o t he Lord of t he Throne.) (43. Glorified and Exalt ed is He high above what t hey say!) Allah says: ` Say, O Muhammad, t o t hese idolat ors who claim t hat Allah has a part ner among His creat ion, and who worship ot hers besides Him t hat t hey may bring t hem nearer t o Him: if t he mat t er is as you say, and t here is anot her god besides Him whom you worship in order t o draw closer t o Him and so t hat he will int ercede for you wit h Him, t hen t hose whom you worship would t hemselves worship Him and seek means t o draw closer t o Him. So worship Him alone, j ust as t hose on whom you call besides Him worship Him. You have no need of a deit y t o be an int ermediary bet ween you and Him, for He does not like or accept t hat , rat her He hat es it and rej ect s it , and has forbidden t hat t hrough all of His Messengers and Prophet s.' Then He glorifies and sanct ifies Himself far above all t hat , and says:

び∠ラヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ (Glorified and Exalt ed is He high above what t hey say!) meaning t hese idolat ors who t ransgress and do wrong when t hey claim t hat t here are ot her gods besides Him.

び⇔やゲΒ͡らミ∠ や⇔∂ヲヤ⊥ハ ⊥ぴ (high above) means, far above. He is Allah, t he One, t he Self-Sufficient Mast er, Whom all creat ures need. He beget s not , nor was He begot t en, and t here is none comparable or coequal unt o Him.

リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ノ⊥ ∇らｚジャや れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ ゎ⊥ ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ Ι ｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ∠ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ラ͡まヱ∠ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤェ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ エ ∠ Β͡ら∇ジゎ∠ (44. The seven heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is t herein, glorify Him and t here is not a t hing but glorifies His praise. But you underst and not t heir glorificat ion. Truly, He is Ever Forbearing, Oft -Forgiving.)

Everything glorifies Allah Allah says: t he seven heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is t herein, meaning t he creat ures t hat dwell t herein, sanct ify Him, exalt Him, venerat e Him, glorify Him and magnify Him far above

what t hese idolat ors say, and t hey bear wit ness t hat He is One in His Lordship and Divinit y. In everyt hing t here is a sign of Allah indicat ing t hat He is One. As Allah says:

チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや ペ ぁゼ ∠ レ∠ゎヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ゲト ｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや キ⊥ ゅ∠ムゎ∠ ぴ び や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ や∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ラ∠ぺ - や⇔ギ∂ ワ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ゲぁ ガ ͡ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ (Whereby t he heavens are almost t orn, and t he eart h is split asunder, and t he mount ains fall in ruins, That t hey ascribe child t o t he Most Beneficent ) (19:90-91).

び͡ロギ∠ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (and t here is not a t hing but glorifies His praise.) t here is no creat ed being t hat does not celebrat e t he praises of Allah.

び∇ユヰ⊥ エ ∠ Β͡ら∇ジゎ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ Ι ｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (But you underst and not t heir glorificat ion.) means, ` You do not underst and t hem, O mankind, because it is not like your languages.' This applies t o all creat ures generally, animal, inanimat e and bot anical. This is t he bet t er known of t he t wo opinions according t o t he most reliable of t wo opinions. It was report ed in Sahih Al-Bukhari t hat Ibn Mas` ud said: "We used t o hear t he Tasbih of t he food as it was being eat en. '' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ぴMu` adh bin Anas said t hat び t he Messenger of Allah came upon some people who were sit t ing on t heir mount s and t alking t o one anot her. He said t o t hem:

ゅ∠ワヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⇔る∠ヨ͡ャゅ∠シ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ハキ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠シ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ら∠ミ∇ケや» ｚゆゲ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ベや∠ヲ∇シほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ͡ ゲ⊥ ト ぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ん͡ Α͡キゅ∠ェほ∠ャ͡ ヶ ｚシ ͡ や∠ゲミ∠ «ヮ∇レョ͡ ぶ ͡ や͡や⇔ゲ∇ミク͡ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰら͡ ミ͡ や∠ケ ∇リョ͡ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ る∃ よ∠ ヲ⊥ミ∇ゲョ∠ (Ride t hem safely t hen leave t hem safely. Do not use t hem as chairs for you t o have conversat ions in t he st reet s and market places, because t he one t hat is ridden may be bet t er t han t he one who rides it , and may remember Allah more t han he does.) An-Nasa'i recorded in his Sunan t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said: "The Messenger of Allah forbade us from killing frogs.''

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤェ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Truly, He is Ever Forbearing, Oft -Forgiving.) means, He does not hast en t o punish t hose who disobey Him, rat her He gives t hem t ime and wait s, t hen if t hey persist in t heir st ubborn Kufr, He seizes t hem wit h a punishment of t he All-Might y, All-Capable. It was recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat :

«ヮ∇わヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ロ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ユ͡ ャ͡ゅｚヌヤ͡ャ ヶ͡ヤ∇ヨΒ⊥ ャ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» (Allah will let t he wrongdoer carry on unt il, when He does seize him, He will never let him go.) Then t he Messenger of Allah recit ed:

び∀るヨ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ニ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ グ⊥ ∇カぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (Such is t he punishment of your Lord when He seizes t he (populat ion of) t owns while t hey are doing wrong. ) ぴ11:02び Allah says:

び∀るヨ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ニ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βヤ∠∇ョぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ リあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And many a t ownship did I give respit e while it was given t o wrongdoing.) ぴ22:45び unt il t he end of t wo Ayat .

び∀るヨ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ニ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ リあΑ∠ほ∠ム∠プぴ (And many a t ownship did We dest roy while t hey were given t o wrongdoing.) ぴ22:48び Whoever gives up his disbelief and disobedience, and t urns back t o Allah in repent ance, Allah will accept his repent ance, as He says:

び∠ヮヤｚャや ゲ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ユヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever does evil or wrongs himself but aft erwards seeks Allah's forgiveness) ぴ4:110び Here, Allah says:

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤェ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Truly, He is Ever Forbearing, Oft -Forgiving.) At t he end of Surah Fat ir, He says:

Ι ∠ ヱ⊥ゴゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ジ ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ム∠ ジ ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ べ∠わャ∠や∠コ リ͡ゃャ∠ヱ∠ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤェ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ (Verily, Allah grasps t he heavens and t he eart h lest t hey should move away from t heir places, and if t hey were t o move away from t heir places, t here is not one t hat could grasp t hem aft er Him. Truly, He is Ever Most Forbearing, Oft -Forgiving...) unt il His saying;

び∠サゅｚレャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや グ⊥ カ ͡ や∠ぽΑ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And if Allah were t o punish men)(35:41-45)

Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ∠ や∠￢ゲ⊥ボ∇ャや れ ∠ ∇ぺゲ∠ ホ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ケヲ⊥わ∇ジョｚ ゅ⇔よゅ∠イェ ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ホ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ や∠クや∠￢ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ る⇔ レｚ ミ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ れ ∠ ∇ゲミ∠ ク∠ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘル⊥ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ (45. And when you recit e t he Qur'an, We put bet ween you and t hose who believe not in t he Hereaft er, an invisible veil.) (46. And We have put Akinnah over t heir heart s, lest t hey should underst and it , and in t heir ears deafness. And when you make ment ion of your Lord Alone in t he Qur'an, t hey t urn on t heir backs, fleeing in ext reme dislike.)

The Veil over the Hearts of the Idolators Allah says t o His Messenger Muhammad : ` When you recit e Qur'an t o t hese idolat ors, We put an invisible veil bet ween you and t hem.' Qat adah and Ibn Zayd said, "It is coverings over t heir heart s,'' as Allah says:

ヴ͡プヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠ゎ ゅｚヨョ͡ る∃ レｚ ミ͡ ぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レよ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び∀ゆゅ∠イェ ͡ マ ∠ レ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇ホ∠ヱ ゅ∠レル͡ やクや∠￢ (And t hey say: "Our heart s are under coverings (screened) from t hat t o which you invit e us; and in our ears is deafness, and bet ween us and you is a screen) meaning, t here is somet hing t hat is st opping and prevent ing your words from reaching us.

びや⇔ケヲ⊥わ∇ジョｚ ゅ⇔よゅ∠イェ ͡ぴ (an invisible veil.) meaning somet hing which covers, or t hat cannot be seen, so t here is a barrier bet ween t hem and guidance. This is t he int erpret at ion t hat Ibn Jarir (may Allah have mercy on him) t hought was correct . Al-Hafiz Abu Ya` la Al-Mawusili recorded t hat Asma' bint Abi Bakr (may Allah be pleased wit h her) said, "When t he Ayah,

びょ ｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ヰ∠ ャ∠ ヴ͡よぺ∠ へ∠ギΑ∠ ∇ろらｚ ゎ∠ ぴ (Perish t he t wo hands of Abu Lahab and perish he!) (111:1) was revealed, t he one-eyed woman Umm Jamil ぴt he wife of Abu Lahabび came wit h a st one pest le in her hand, screaming, ` What was sent t o us is somebody blamewort hy, or, we rej ect somebody blamewort hy ぴAbu Musa - one of t he narrat ors - said, it is I who am not sure what was saidび; we shun his religion and disobey what ever he commands!' The Messenger of Allah was sit t ing wit h Abu Bakr by his side. Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, ` This woman has come and I am afraid she will see you.' The Prophet said,

«ヶ͡ルや∠ゲゎ∠ ∇リャ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡» (Cert ainly she will not see me.) and he recit ed Qur'an t hrough which he was prot ect ed from her:

Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ∠ や∠￢ゲ⊥ボ∇ャや れ ∠ ∇ぺゲ∠ ホ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥わ∇ジョｚ ゅ⇔よゅ∠イェ ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ (And when you recit e t he Qur'an, We put bet ween you and t hose who believe not in t he Hereaft er, an invisible veil). She came and found Abu Bakr, but she did not see t he Prophet . She said, ` O Abu Bakr, I have heard t hat your companion is lampooning me.' Abu Bakr said, ` No, by t he Lord of t his House ぴt he Ka` bahび, he is not lampooning you.' Then she went away, saying, ` The Quraysh know t hat I am t he daught er of t heir mast er.'''

び⇔るレｚ ミ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have put coverings over t heir heart s,) Akinnah (coverings) is t he plural of Kinan, which covers t he heart .

び⊥ロヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ (lest t hey should underst and it ,) means, lest t hey should underst and t he Qur'an.

びや⇔ゲ∇ホヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ や∠クや∠￢ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ (and in t heir ears deafness) somet hing t hat will st op t hem from hearing t he Qur'an in such a way t hat t hey will underst and it and be guided by it .

び⊥ロギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ れ ∠ ∇ゲミ∠ ク∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(And when you make ment ion of your Lord Alone in t he Qur'an,) means, when you declare Allah t o be One in your recit at ion, and say La Ilaha Illallah,

び∇や∇ヲャｚ∠ヱぴ (t hey t urn) means t hey t urn away

び⇔やケヲ⊥ヘル⊥ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (on t heir backs, fleeing in ext reme dislike.) As Allah says:

Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇れコｚ ほ∠ヨ∠ ∇セや ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ミ͡ ク⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び͡りゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ (And when Allah Alone is ment ioned, t he heart s of t hose who believe not in t he Hereaft er are filled wit h disgust (from t he Oneness of Allah).) ぴ39:45び z

び͡ラや∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ れ ∠ ∇ゲミ∠ ク∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when you make ment ion of your Lord Alone in t he Qur'an,) Comment ing on t his Ayah, Qat adah said t hat when t he Muslims said La Ilaha Illallah, t he idolat ors disliked t his and found it int olerable. Iblis and his t roops hat ed it , but Allah insist ed on support ing it so t hat it would prevail over t hose who opposed it . Whoever uses it against his opponent will prevail, and whoever fight s for it will be vict orious. Only t he Muslims of t he Arabian Peninsula, which can be t raversed by a rider in a few night s, knew it and accept ed it , out of all mankind.

マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇クま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エｚルぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ ラ͡ま ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇クま͡ ン∠ヲ∇イル∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ん∇ョΙ ｘやマ ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ッ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルや - や⇔ケヲ⊥エ∇ジョｚ Κ ⇔ィ ⊥ ケ∠ びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ∇バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲぁヤツ ∠ プ∠ (47. We know best of what t hey list en t o, when t hey list en t o you. And when t hey t ake secret counsel, t hen t he wrongdoers say: "You follow none but a bewit ched man.'') (48. See what examples t hey have put forward for you. So t hey have gone ast ray, and never can t hey find a way.)

The Secret Counsel of Quraysh after hearing the Qur'an

Allah t ells His Prophet about what t he leaders of Quraysh discussed when t hey came and list ened t o him recit ing Qur'an in secret , wit hout t heir people knowing about it . They said t hat he was Mashur which according t o t he bet t er-known view means someone affect ed by magic (Sihr); it may also mean a man who has a lung, i.e., a mere human being, as if t hey were saying t hat if you follow Muhammad, you will only be following a human being. This second suggest ion does not sound correct , because what t hey meant here was t hat he was under t he influence of Sihr (magic) which made him see dreams in which he learned t hese words t hat he recit ed. Some of t hem said he was a poet , or a soot hsayer, or crazy, or a sorcerer. Allah says:

Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲぁヤツ ∠ プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ん∇ョΙ ｘや マ ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ッ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルやぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ∇バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (See what examples t hey have put forward for you. So t hey have gone ast ray, and never can t hey find a way.) meaning, t hey will never be guided t o t he t rut h and will never find a way t o reach it . Muhammad bin Ishaq said in As-Sirah: "Muhammad bin Muslim bin Shihab Az-Zuhri t old me t hat it happened t hat Abu Sufyan bin Harb, Abu Jahl bin Hisham and Al-Akhnas bin Shurayq bin ` Amr bin Wahb At h-Thaqafi, t he ally of Bani Zahrah, went out one night t o list en t o t he Messenger of Allah when he was praying at night in his house. Each one of t hem t ook up a posit ion for list ening, and none of t hem knew t hat t he ot hers were also t here. They st ayed list ening t o him all night unt il dawn came. When t hey left , t hey met up on t he road, each of t hem blaming t he ot hers, saying t o one anot her; ` Do not come back again, lest you give t he wrong impression ぴi.e., t hat you like what you hearび.' Then t hey went away unt il t he second night came, when each of t hem came back t o his place and spent t he night list ening. When dawn came t hey left , t hen when t hey met up on t he road, each of t hem blamed t he ot hers, saying t he same as t hey had said t he previous night . Then t hey went away unt il t he t hird night came, when each of t hem came back t o his place and spent t he night list ening. When dawn came t hey left , t hen when t hey met up on t he road, t hey said t o one anot her, ` Let us not leave unt il we promise not t o come back,' so t hey made a promise t o t hat effect , and went t heir separat e ways. In t he morning, Al-Akhnas bin Shurayq t ook his st ick and went t o t he house of Abu Sufyan bin Harb, where he said, ` Tell me, O Abu Hanzalah ぴi.e., Abu Sufyanび, what do you t hink of what you have heard from Muhammad' Abu Sufyan said, ` O Abu Tha` labah ぴi.e., Al-Akhnasび, by Allah, I have heard somet hing I underst and and I know what is meant by it , and I have heard t hings I do not underst and and do not know what is meant by it .' Al-Akhnas said: ` Me t oo, by t he One by Whom you swore.' Then he left and went t o Abu Jahl, and ent ered his house. He said, ` O Abu Al-Hakam ぴi.e., Abu Jahlび, what do you t hink of what you have heard from Muhammad' He said, ` What did you hear' He said, ` We and Banu ` Abd Manaf compet ed for honor and posit ion: t hey fed people so we fed people, t hey engaged in bat t le so we engaged in bat t le, t hey gave so we gave, unt il we were neck and neck, like race horses. Then t hey said, we have a Prophet among us who receives revelat ion from heaven. How could we compet e wit h t hat By Allah we will never believe in him.' Then Al-Akhnas got up and left him.''

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をヲ⊥バ∇らヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚル￢͡ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔わ⇒∠プケ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヌハ ͡ ゅｚレミ⊥ や∠ク￢͡ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ∇ヱぺ∠ - や⇔ギΑ͡ギェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠イェ ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミ ∇モホ⊥ - や⇔ギΑ͡ギィ ∠ ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠ リ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゲ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ゅヨｚ ョあ ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツピ͡ ∇レΒ⊥ ジ ∠ プ∠ り∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ン͡グャｚや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ゅ∠ルギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヴ∠わョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ シ ∠ ヱ⊥ぼケ⊥ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジわ∠ プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ゅ⇔らΑ͡ゲホ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャｚ ラま͡ ラ ∠ ヲぁレヌ ⊥ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ (49. And t hey say: "When we are bones and fragment s (dest royed), should we really be resurrect ed (t o be) a new creat ion'') (50. Say: "Be you st ones or iron,'') (51. "Or some creat ed t hing t hat is yet great er (or harder) in your breast s.'' Then, t hey will say: "Who shall bring us back (t o life)'' Say: "He Who creat ed you first !'' Then, t hey will shake t heir heads at you and say: "When will t hat be'' Say: "Perhaps it is near!'') (52. On t he Day when He will call you, and you will answer wit h (words of) His praise and obedience, and you will t hink t hat you have st ayed (in t his world) but a lit t le while!)

Refutation of Those Who do not believe in Life after Death Allah t ells us about t he disbelievers who t hink it very unlikely t hat t he Resurrect ion will happen and who say, in a t one of denial,

び⇔ゅわ⇒∠プケ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヌハ ͡ ゅｚレミ⊥ や∠ク￢͡ ぺ∠ぴ (When we are bones and fragment s.) meaning eart h. This was t he view of Muj ahid. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat it means dust .

び⇔やギΑ͡ギィ ∠ ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をヲ⊥バ∇らヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚル͡￢ぺ∠ぴ (should we really be resurrect ed (t o be) a new creat ion) meaning, on t he Day of Resurrect ion aft er we have disint egrat ed and become not hing, and have been forgot t en. Allah t ells us about t hem elsewhere:

ゅｚレミ⊥ や∠ク￢͡ ぺ∠ - り͡ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ⇒∠エ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キヱ⊥キ∇ゲヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚル￢͡ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ び り∀ ゲ∠ ジ ͡ ⇒∠カ ∀りゲｚ ∠ミ や⇔ク͡ま マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - り⇔ ゲ∠ ガ ͡ ルｚ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヌハ ͡ (They say: "Shall we indeed be ret urned t o (our) former st at e of life Even aft er we are crumbled bones'' They say: "It would in t hat case, be a ret urn wit h loss!'') (79:10-12). And,

び⊥ヮボ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ ∠ジ ͡ ル∠ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And he put s fort h for Us a parable, and forget s his own creat ion.) unt il t he end of t wo Ayat . (36:78-79) Allah commands His Messenger t o respond t o t hem, so He says:

び や⇔ギΑ͡ギェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠イェ ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say (O Muhammad): "Be you st ones or iron,'') - which are more difficult t o rest ore t han bones and fragment s,

び∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゲ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or some creat ed t hing t hat is yet great er (or harder) in your breast s.) Ibn Ishaq narrat ed from Ibn Abi Naj ih from Muj ahid: "I asked Ibn ` Abbas about t hat , and he said: ` This is deat h.''' ` At iyah report ed t hat Ibn ` Umar explained of t his Ayah: "If you were dead I would st ill resurrect you.'' This was also t he view of Sa` id bin Jubayr, Abu Salih, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, AdDahhak and ot hers. This means t hat if you were t o assume t hat you would become dead, which is t he opposit e of living, Allah will resurrect you when He wills, for not hing can st op Him when He wills a t hing.

び∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゲ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or some creat ed t hing t hat is yet great er (or harder) in your breast s.) Muj ahid said: "This means t he heavens, eart h and mount ains.'' According t o anot her report , "What ever you want t o be, go ahead, Allah will st ill resurrect you aft er you die.''

びゅ∠ルギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ リ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then, t hey will say: "Who shall bring us back (t o life)'') meaning, who will resurrect us if we are st ones or iron or some ot her st rong creat ed t hing

び∃りゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ング͡ ャｚや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "He Who creat ed you first !'') meaning, He Who creat ed you when you were not hing, t hen you became human beings, walking about . He is able t o creat e you anew, no mat t er what you have become.

ラ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ぺ⊥ギ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (And He it is Who originat es t he creat ion, t hen He will repeat it ; and t his is easier for Him.) ぴ30:27び

び∇ユヰ⊥ シ ∠ ヱ⊥ぼケ⊥ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ツ͡ピ∇レΒ⊥ ∠ジ∠プぴ (Then, t hey will shake t heir heads at you) Ibn ` Abbas and Qat adah said, "They will move t heir heads in a gest ure of mockery.'' This view expressed by Ibn ` Abbas and Qat adah is what t he Arabs underst and from t he language, because t he word used Fasayunghidun indicat es an upand-down movement Nughad. A word derived from t he same root , Naghd, is used t o refer t o t he young of t he ost rich, because when it walks, it walks quickly and moves it s head. The same word is used t o describe a t oot h when it becomes loose and is det ached from it s place.

び∠ヲワ⊥ ヴ∠わョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and say: "When will t hat be'') This shows t hat t hey t hought it very unlikely t hat it would happen, as Allah says:

びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ギ⊥ ∇ハヲ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠わョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey say: "When will t his promise (i.e. Resurrect ion) be fulfilled, if you are t rut hful'') (36:48)

びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰよ͡ モ ⊥イ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ぴ (Those who believe not t herein seek t o hast en it ぴt he Hourび) ぴ42:18び

びゅ⇔らΑ͡ゲホ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Perhaps it is near!'') meaning, beware of it , for it is at hand and will no doubt come t o you, and what will be will be.

び∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day when He will call you,) meaning t he Lord, may He be blessed and exalt ed:

び∠ラヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ へ∠クま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョあ り⇔ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ハキ∠ や∠クま͡ぴ (When He will call you by a single call, behold, you will come out from t he eart h) ぴ30:25び meaning, when He commands you t o come out from t he eart h, for not hing can oppose Him or prevent His command from being fulfilled. Rat her, it is as He says:

び ゲ͡ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ウ ∃ ∇ヨヤ∠ミ∠ ∀り∠ギェ ͡ ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And Our commandment is but one as t he t winkling of an eye) (54:50)

∇リミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボルｚ ラ∠ぺ ロ⊥ ゅ∠ル∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴゼ ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ (Verily, Our Word unt o a t hing when We int end it , is only t hat We say unt o it : "Be!'' - and it is) (16:40)

び り͡ ゲ∠ ワ͡ ゅｚジャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ワ や∠クみ͡プ∠ - り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ∇ィコ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (But it will be only a single Zaj rah. When behold, t hey find t hemselves (on t he surface of t he eart h) alive (aft er t heir deat h).) (79:13-14), meaning, it will be j ust one definit ive command, t hen t he people will have come out from t he inside of t he eart h t o it s surface, as Allah says:

び͡ロギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジわ∠ プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day when He will call you, and you will answer wit h (words of) His praise) meaning, you will all rise up in response t o His command and in obedience t o His will.

び∠ラヲぁレヌ ⊥ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and you will t hink) means, on t he Day when you rise up from your graves,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャｚ ラ͡まぴ (t hat you have st ayed) in t his eart hly abode,

び⇔ΚΒ͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (but a lit t le while.) This is like t he Ayah:

ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠エッ ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ Βｚ ゼ ͡ハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ん∠ら∇ヤ∠Α ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ぴ び (The Day t hey see it , (it will be) as if t hey had not t arried (in t his world) except an aft ernoon or a morning.) (79:46). Allah says:

グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ヲぁダャや ヴ͡プ オ ⊥ ヘ∠ レ⊥Α ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ リ ⊥ ∇エｚル - ⇔やゲ∇ゼ∠ハ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャｚ ラ͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わヘ∠ ⇒∠ガわ∠ Α∠ - ゅ⇔ホ∇ケコ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャｚ ラ͡ま る⇔ ボ∠ Α͡ゲデ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ∇ョぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇クま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ び ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ (The Day when t he Trumpet will be blown: t hat Day, We shall gat her t he blue or blind-eyed wit h t hirst . They will speak in a very low voice t o each ot her (saying): "You st ayed not longer t han t en (days).'' We know very well what t hey will say, when t he best among t hem in knowledge and wisdom will say: "You st ayed no longer t han a day!'') (20:102-104).

∇やヲ⊥んら͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ボΑ⊥ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムプ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ る∃ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ (And on t he Day t hat t he Hour will be est ablished, t hey will swear t hat t hey st ayed not but an hour - t hus were t hey ever deluded.) (30:55)

ゅ∠レ∇んら͡ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡レシ ͡ キ∠ ギ∠ ハ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャ∠ ∇ユミ∠ モ ∠ ⇒∠ホぴ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャｚ ラ͡ま メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Αあキべ∠バ∇ャや メ ͡ ほ∠∇シゅ∠プ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャｚ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ (He will say: "What number of years did you st ay on eart h'' They will say: "We st ayed a day or part of a day. Ask of t hose who keep account .'' He will say: "You st ayed not but a lit t le, if you had only known!'') (23:112-114).

ラ ｚ ま͡ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ン͡キゅ∠らバ͡ ャあ モ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ リ ͡ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΘ ͡ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ ∠ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ パ ⊥ ゴ∠ レ∠Α リ ∠ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや び ゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁ や６ヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ (53. And say t o My servant s t hat t hey should say t hose words t hat are best . (Because) Shayt an verily, sows a st at e of conflict and disagreement among t hem. Surely, Shayt an is t o man a plain enemy.)

People should speak Good Words with Politeness Allah commands His servant Muhammad () t o t ell t he believing servant s of Allah t hat t hey should address one anot her in t heir conversat ions and discussions wit h t he best and polit est of words, for if t hey do not do t hat , Shayt an will sow discord among t hem, and words will lead t o act ions, so t hat evil and conflict s and fight s will arise among t hem. For Shayt an is t he enemy of Adam and his descendant s, and has been since he refused t o prost rat e t o Adam. His enmit y is obvious and manifest . For t his reason it is forbidden for a man t o point at his Muslim brot her wit h an iron inst rument , for Shayt an may cause him t o st rike him wit h it . (Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said: "The Messenger of Allah said:

ゅ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩͡ゥゅ∠ヤジ あ ャゅ͡よ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ゲ∠ Β͡ゼΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» ノ∠ ボ∠ Β∠ プ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Α∠ ヶ͡プ ネ ∠ ゴ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや モ ｚ バ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヵ͡ケ∇ギΑ∠ «ケゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ り∃ ゲ∠ ∇ヘェ ⊥ ヶ͡プ (No one of you should point at his brot her wit h a weapon, for he does not know whet her Shayt an will cause him t o st rike him wit h it and t hus be t hrown int o a pit of Fire.) Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t his Hadit h wit h t he chain of narrat ion from ` Abdur-Razzaq.

∇ほゼ ∠ Α∠ ラ͡ま ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ほゼ ∠ Α∠ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケｚ ぴ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇よグあ バ∠ Α⊥ ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤツ ｚ プ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇リヨ∠ よ͡ び や⇔ケヲ⊥よコ∠ ∠キヱ⊥ヱや∠キ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢∠ヱ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや (54. Lord knows you best ; if He wills, He will have mercy on you, or if He wills, He will punish you. And We have not sent you as a guardian over t hem.) (55. And your Lord knows best all who are in t he heavens and t he eart h. And indeed, We have preferred some of t he Prophet s above ot hers, and t o Dawud We gave t he Zabur.) Allah says:

び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケｚ ぴ (Your Lord knows you best ;) O mankind, meaning, He knows best who among you deserves t o be guided and who does not deserve t o be guided.

び∇ユム⊥ ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ほゼ ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まぴ (if He wills, He will have mercy on you,) by helping you t o obey Him and t urn t o Him.

び∠マ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇よグあ バ∠ Α⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ Α∠ ラ͡ま ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or if He wills, He will punish you. And We have not sent you) - O Muhammad -

び⇔ΚΒ͡ミヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ぴ (as a guardian over t hem.) meaning, ` We have sent you as a warner, so whoever obeys you, will ent er Paradise and whoever disobeys you, will ent er Hell.'

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇リヨ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And your Lord knows best all who are in t he heavens and t he eart h.) meaning, t heir st at us or level of obedience or disobedience.

The Preference of some Prophets above Others

び∃ヂ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤツ ｚ プ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed, We have preferred some of t he Prophet s above ot hers.) As Allah says:

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤツ ｚ プ∠ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ぁゲャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ び∃ろ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ノ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ ヤｚミ∠ リｚョ (Those Messengers! We preferred some of t hem t o ot hers; t o some of t hem Allah spoke (direct ly); ot hers He raised t o degrees (of honor.)) ぴ2:253び This does not cont radict t he report in t he Two Sahihs which says t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

«￢ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ やヲ⊥ヤあツヘ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» (Don't give superiorit y t o any Prophet among (Allah's) Prophet s.) What is meant in t his Hadit h is giving a superiorit y based on whims and fanat icism or sect arian feelings, not on t he basis of evidence. If t here is solid evidence, we have t o follow it . There is no disput e t hat t he Messengers are bet t er t han t he rest of t he Prophet s, and t hat t he might y Messengers of Great Resolve are t he best of all. They are t he five ment ioned in t wo Ayat of t he Qur'an, in Surat AlAhzab:

ゥ ∃ ヲぁル リ͡ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ∠ ゅ∠んΒ͡ョ リ ∠ ∇ΒΒあ ら͡ レｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∠ユΑ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ͡ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ヱ∠ (And (remember) when We t ook from t he Prophet s t heir covenant , and from you and from Nuh, Ibrahim, Musa and ` Isa son of Maryam.) ぴ33:7び and in Surat Ash-Shura:

ン͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ル ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴｚタヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ͡ Α͡ギャ͡や リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ネ ∠ ゲ∠ セ ∠ぴ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βタ ｚ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ び͡ヮΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Αあギャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハヱ∠ (He has ordained for you t he same religion which He ordained for Nuh, and t hat which We have revealed t o you, and t hat which We ordained for Ibrahim, Musa and ` Isa saying you should est ablish religion and make no divisions in it .) ぴ42:13び There is no disput e t hat Muhammad is t he best of t hem, t hen Ibrahim, t hen Musa, t hen ` Isa (peace be upon t hem all), according t o t he best -known view. We have discussed t he evidence for t his in det ail elsewhere, and Allah is t he source of help. Allah's saying,

び⇔やケヲ⊥よコ∠ キ∠ ヱ⊥ヱや∠キ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢∠ヱぴ (and t o Dawud We gave t he Zabur.) is an indicat ion of his virt ue and honor. Al-Bukhari recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Prophet said:

ヮ͡ よあ や∠ヱギ∠ よ͡ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ∩⊥ラへ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや キ∠ ヱ⊥ や∠キ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ブ ∠ ヘあ カ ⊥» «パ⊥ゲ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ロ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ∩⊥ァゲ∠ ∇ジわ⊥ プ∠ (The Qur'an (i.e. revea- led Script ure of Zabur) was made easy for Dawud, so he would call for his mount s t o be saddled, and he would finish recit ing it (i.e., t he Zabur) be- fore t he j ob was done.)

∠ラヲ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ヨ∠Α Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ユ⊥わ∇ヨハ ∠ コ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ - Κ ⇔ Α͡ヲ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゲあ ツ ぁ ャや ブ ∠ ∇ゼミ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Αぁ ぺ∠ る∠ ヤ∠Β͡シヲ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠

マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ よ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ⇒∠ガΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ び や⇔ケヱ⊥グ∇エョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ (56. Say: "Call upon t hose - besides Him whom you pret end. They have neit her t he power t o remove t he adversit y from you nor even t o shift (it from you t o anot her person).'') (57. Those whom t hey call upon, desire a means of access t o t heir Lord, as t o which of t hem should be t he nearest ; and t hey hope for His mercy and fear His t orment . Verily, t he t orment of your Lord is (somet hing) t o be afraid of!)

The gods of the Idolators can neither benefit nor harm; rather they themselves seek to draw close to Allah Allah says:

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say) O Muhammad t o t hese idolat ors who worship t hings ot her t han Allah,

び͡ヮル͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ユ⊥わ∇ヨハ ∠ コ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キやぴ (Call upon t hose - besides Him whom you pret end.) such as idols and rivals of Allah. Even if you t urn t o t hem,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゲあ ツ ぁ ャや ブ ∠ ∇ゼミ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ヨ∠Α Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (They have neit her t he power t o remove t he adversit y from you) t hey have no such power at all,

び⇔ΚΑ͡ヲ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor even t o shift (it from you t o anot her person.)) t o lift t he dist ress from you and give it t o someone else. The meaning is t hat t he only one Who is able t o do t hat is Allah Alone, wit h no part ner or associat e, Who is t he One Who creat es and issues commands.

びユ⊥わ∇ヨハ ∠ コ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Call upon t hose whom you pret end) Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, "The people of Shirk used t o say, ` we worship t he angels and t he Messiah and ` Uzayr,' while t hese (t he angels and t he Messiah and ` Uzayr) t hemselves call upon Allah.''

び∠ラヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺぴ (Those whom t hey call upon, desire) Al-Bukhari recorded from Sulayman bin Mahran Al-A` mash, from Ibrahim, from Abu Ma` mar, from ` Abdullah:

び∠る∠ヤΒ͡シ∠ヲ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺぴ (Those whom t hey call upon, desire a means of access t o t heir Lord,) "Some of t he Jinn used t o be worshipped, t hen t hey became Muslims.'' According t o anot her report : "Some humans used t o worship some of t he Jinn, t hen t hose Jinn became Muslim, but t hose humans adhered t o t heir religion (of worshipping t he Jinn).''

び⊥ヮよ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ⇒∠ガΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ィ∇ゲ∠Α∠ヱぴ (t hey hope for His mercy and fear His t orment .) Worship cannot be complet e or perfect unless it is accompanied by bot h fear and hope. Fear st ops one from doing t hings t hat are forbidden, and hope makes one do more good deeds.

びや⇔ケヱ⊥グ∇エ∠ョ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he t orment of your Lord is (somet hing) t o be afraid of!) meaning, one should beware of it and be afraid lest it happen. We seek refuge wit h Allah from t hat .

る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ムヤ͡∇ヰョ⊥ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ マ͡ャク ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や⇔ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥よあグバ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ト∇ジョ∠ (58. And t here is not a t own (populat ion) but We shall dest roy it before t he Day of Resurrect ion, or punish it wit h a severe t orment . That is writ t en in t he Book (of Our decrees))

The Destruction or Torment of all Disbelieving Towns before the Hour begins Here Allah t ells us t hat He has decreed and it is writ t en in Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz (The Preserved Tablet ) which is wit h Him, t hat t here is no t own t hat He will not dest roy by wiping out all it s people or by punishing t hem,

び⇔やギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ぴ

(wit h a severe t orment .) eit her by killing t hem or sending calamit ies upon t hem as He wills. This will be because of t heir sins, as Allah says of t he past nat ions:

び∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (We wronged t hem not , but t hey wronged t hemselves.) ぴ11:101び

び ⇔やゲ∇ジカ ⊥ ゅ∠ワゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ∇ろホ∠ や∠グプ∠ ぴ (So it t ast ed t he evil result of it s affair (disbelief), and t he consequence of it s affair (disbelief) was loss.) ぴ65:9び

び͡ヮヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよあ ケ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ろわ∠ ハ ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ リあΑほ͡ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And many a t own (populat ion) revolt ed against t he command of it s Lord and His Messengers;) ぴ65:8び and many Ayat .

ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲルぁ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レバ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ヌ ∠ プ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ダ ͡ ∇らョ⊥ る∠ ホ∠ ゅｚレャや キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱｚ Ι ｘや び ゅ⇔ヘΑ͡ヲ∇ガゎ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲル⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (59. And not hing st ops Us from sending t he Ayat but t hat t he people of old denied t hem. And We sent t he she-camel t o Thamud as a clear sign, but t hey did her wrong. And We sent not t he signs except t o make t hem afraid (of dest ruct ion).)

The Reason why Allah did not send Signs or Miracles Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "The idolat ors said: ` O Muhammad, you claim t hat before you t here were Prophet s, among whom was one t o whom t he wind was subj ugat ed, and anot her who could bring t he dead back t o life. If you want us t o believe in you, ask your Lord t o t urn As-Safa' int o gold for us.' Allah conveyed t o him by inspirat ion (Wahy): ` I have heard what t hey have said. If you wish, I will do what t hey say, but if t hey do not believe aft er t hat , t he punishment will come down upon t hem, because aft er t he sign has been sent , t here is no room for speculat ion. Or if you wish, I will be pat ient wit h your people and give t hem more t ime.' He said:

«ユ͡ヰよ͡ ラ ͡ ∇ほわ∠ ∇シや ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α» (O Lord, give t hem more t ime.)'' This was also narrat ed by Qat adah, Ibn Jurayj and ot hers. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The people of Makkah asked t he Prophet t o t urn As-Safa' int o gold for t hem, and t o remove t he mount ains (from around Makkah) so t hat t hey could cult ivat e t he land. It was said t o him (by Allah): ` If you wish, I will be pat ient and give

t hem more t ime, or if you wish, I will do what t hey are asking, but if t hey t hen disbelieve, t hey will be dest royed as t he nat ions before t hem were dest royed.' He said,

«ユ͡ヰよ͡ ラ ͡ ∇ほわ∠ ∇シや モ ͡ よ∠ ∩ゅ∠ャ» (No, be pat ient and give t hem more t ime.) Then Allah revealed:

ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲルぁ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レバ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ャヱｚ ｘΙや (And not hing st ops Us from sending t he Ayat but t hat t he people of old denied t hem. ) AnNasa'i also report ed t his from t he Hadit h of Jarir. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: The Quraysh said t o t he Prophet , "Ask your Lord t o t urn As-Safa' int o gold and we will believe in you.'' He said,

«∨∠ラヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ヱ∠ » (Will you really do t hat ) They said, "Yes.'' So he asked his Lord, and Jibril came t o him and said: "Your Lord conveys His Salam t o you and says, ` If you wish, I will t urn As-Safa' int o gold for t hem, t hen whoever of t hem disbelieves aft er t hat , will be punished wit h a t orment t he like of which has never be seen in creat ion; or if you wish, I will open t he gat es of repent ance and mercy for t hem.''' He said,

«る∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや∠ヱ る͡ よ∠ ∇ヲわｚ ャや ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠よ ∇モよ∠ » (Rat her t he gat es of repent ance and mercy.)

びゅ⇔ヘΑ͡ヲ∇ガゎ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲル⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We sent not t he signs except t o make t hem afraid (of dest ruct ion).) Qat adah said, "Allah makes people afraid wit h what ever signs He wills, so t hat t hey may learn a lesson and remember and ret urn t o Him. We were t old t hat Al-Kufah was shaken at t he t ime of Ibn Mas` ud, who said: ` O people, your Lord is rebuking you, so pay heed!''' Similarly, it was report ed t hat Al-Madinah was st ruck by several eart hquakes at t he t ime of ` Umar bin AlKhat t ab. ` Umar said: "You have changed, by Allah, and if such a quake were t o st rike again, I will subj ect you t o such and such.'' The Prophet said, in a Hadit h whose aut hent icit y is agreed upon:

ゅ∠ャ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ やれ ͡ ゅ∠Αへ ∇リョ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わΑ∠ へ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ∠ やリ ｚ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮゎ͡ ゅ∠Βエ ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ャ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヘジ ͡ ム∠ ∇レΑ∠

マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ロキ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅ∠ヨ͡ヰ͡よ フ ⊥ あヲガ ∠ Α⊥ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ｚユを⊥ ロ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヘ∇ピわ͡ ∇シや∠ヱ ヮ͡ も͡ ゅ∠ハキ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ やヲ⊥ハゴ∠ ∇プゅ∠プ ヶ ∠ ル͡ ∇ゴΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ぶ ͡ やリ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ∠ Β∠ ∇ビぺ∠ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ る∠ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ る∠ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠Α ∩⊥ヮわ⊥ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ヶ ∠ ル͡ ∇ゴゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇らハ ∠ «や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βム∠ ら∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡ヤホ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ムエ ͡ツ ∠ ャ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ (The sun and t he moon are t wo of t he signs of Allah, and t hey are not eclipsed for t he deat h or life of anyone. Allah uses t hem t o make His servant s afraid, so if you see t hem, hast en t o remember Him, call on Him and seek His forgiveness.) Then he said: (O Ummah of Muhammad, by Allah, no one has a great er sense of j ealousy t han Allah if He sees His servant , or female servant , commit t ing Zina (illegal sexual int ercourse). O Ummah of Muhammad, if you knew what I know, you would laugh lit t le and weep much.)

ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャゅ͡よ ヅ ∠ ゅ∠ェぺ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ り∠ ゲ∠ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤあャ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇Αケ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ゅ∠Α∇￢ゲぁ ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ⊥ あヲガ ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ャや ヴ͡プ る∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥バ∇ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや び や⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ (60. And (remember) when We t old you: "Verily, your Lord has encompassed mankind.'' And We made not t he vision which We showed you but a t rial for mankind, and (likewise) t he accursed t ree in t he Qur'an. We warn and make t hem afraid but it only increases t hem in naught save great disbelief, oppression and disobedience t o Allah.)

Allah has encompassed Mankind and made the Vision of His Prophet a Trial for Them Allah says t o His Messenger , encouraging him t o convey t he Message and informing him t hat He is prot ect ing him from t he people, t hat He is able t o deal wit h t hem and t hat t hey are in His grasp and under His dominat ion and cont rol.

び͡サゅｚレャゅ͡よ ヅ ∠ ゅ∠ェぺ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(And (remember) when We t old you: "Verily, your Lord has encompassed mankind..'') Muj ahid, ` Urwah bin Az-Az-Zubayr, Al-Hasan, Qat adah and ot hers said, "This means, He prot ect ed you from t hem.''

び͡サゅｚレヤあャ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇Αケ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ゅ∠Α∇￢ゲぁ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We made not t he vision which We showed you but a t rial for mankind,) Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said:

び͡サゅｚレヤあャ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇Αケ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ゅ∠Α∇￢ゲぁ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We made not t he vision which We showed you but a t rial for mankind,) "This is t he vision which t he Messenger of Allah saw wit h his own eyes on t he night when he was t aken on t he Night Journey (Al-Isra').

び͡ラや∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ャや ヴ͡プ る∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥バ∇ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや り∠ ゲ∠ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ and (likewise) t he accursed t ree in t he Qur a0n. refers t o t he Tree of Zaqqum.'' This was also recorded by Ahmad, ` Abdur-Razzaq and ot hers. It was also report ed by Al-` Awfi from Ibn ` Abbas. It was also int erpret ed as referring t o t he Night of t he Isra' by Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan, Masruq, Ibrahim, Qat adah, ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd and several ot hers. We have already quot ed at lengt h a comprehensive collect ion of Hadit h about t he Isra' at t he beginning of t his Surah, praise be t o Allah. We have also already st at ed t hat some people gave up t heir Islam aft er t hey had been following t he t rut h, because t heir heart s and minds could not comprehend t hat , and t hey denied what t heir knowledge could not grasp, but Allah caused it t o increase and st rengt hen t he fait h of ot hers, and so He says:

び⇔るレ∠ ∇わプ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (but a t rial), meaning a t est . As for t he cursed t ree, t his is t he Tree of Zaqqum. When t he Messenger of Allah t old t hem t hat he had seen Paradise and Hell, and seen t he Tree of Zaqqum, t hey did not believe t hat , and Abu Jahl, upon whom be t he curses of Allah, even said, "Bring us some dat es and but t er,'' and he st art ed eat ing t hem and saying, "Let us have some Zaqqum, we don't know any ot her Zaqqum but t his.'' This was narrat ed by Ibn ` Abbas, Masruq, Abu Malik, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and ot hers. Everyone who int erpret ed t he Ayah t o refer t o t he Night of t he Isra', also int erpret ed it t o refer t o t he Tree of Zaqqum.

び∇ユヰ⊥ プ⊥ ヲあ ガ ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (ぴWeび make t hem afraid) meaning, ` We make t he disbelievers afraid wit h Our warnings and punishment s and t orment .'

びや⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ

(but it only increases t hem in naught save great disbelief, oppression and disobedience t o Allah.) means, it only pushes t hem furt her int o t heir disbelief and misguidance, and t his is because Allah has forsaken t hem.

Ι ｚ ま∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ∠ジ ∠ プ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ Γ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇シや る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ゅ⇔レΒ͡デ ろ ∠ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ギ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇シ￢∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ザ ∠ Β͡ヤ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ゲカ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ョゲｚ ミ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ワ マ ∠ わ∠ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ｚΑあケク⊥ リ ｚ ム∠ レ͡ わ∠ ∇ェΕ ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ (61. And (remember) when We said t o t he angels: "Prost rat e yourselves unt o Adam.'' They prost rat ed t hemselves except Iblis. He said: "Shall I prost rat e myself t o one whom You creat ed from clay'') (62. He said: "See t his one whom You have honored above me, if You give me respit e t o t he Day of Resurrect ion, I will surely, seize and mislead his offspring, all but a few!'')

The Story of Adam and Iblis Allah ment ions here t he enmit y of Iblis, may t he curse of Allah be upon him and his progeny. This is an ancient hat red, dat ing from t he t ime t hat Allah creat ed Adam, when He commanded t he angels t o prost rat e t o Adam, and all of t hem prost rat ed except Iblis, who was t oo arrogant and he haught ily refused t o prost rat e t o him. He said in a t one indicat ing cont empt :

びゅ⇔レΒ͡デ ろ ∠ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ギ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇シ￢∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "Shall I prost rat e myself t o one whom You creat ed from clay'') According t o anot her Ayah, he said:

び∃リΒ͡デ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚル リ͡ョ ヶ͡レわ∠ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ぴ (I am bet t er t han he. You creat ed me from fire, and You creat ed him from clay.) ぴ7:12び He also said, speaking t o t he Lord wit h disbelief and insolence, but t he Lord bore it pat ient ly:

びｚヴヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ョゲｚ ミ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ワ マ ∠ わ∠ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "See t his one whom You have honored above me...'') ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "He is saying, ` I am going t o dominat e his offspring, all but a few.''' Muj ahid said (it means), "I am going t o surround t hem.'' Ibn Zayd said (it means), "I am going t o lead t hem ast ray.'' All of t hem are close in meaning, and t he meaning of t he Ayah is, "Do You see t his one whom You have honored and made great er t han me If You give me t ime, I will lead his descendant s ast ray, all but a few of t hem.''

∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ バ∠ ら͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ょワ∠ ∇クや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ ∇コゴ͡ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ - や⇔ケヲ⊥プヲｚョ ￢⇔ や∠ゴィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ミケ͡ ゅ∠セヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡ィ ͡ ケ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ょヤ͡∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ヲダ ∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ギハ ͡ ヱ∠ ギ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱΙ ｘ や∠ヱ メ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ ∀ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ン͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ - や⇔ケヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ (63. (Allah) said: "Go, and whosoever of t hem follows you, surely, Hell will be t he recompense of you (all) an ample recompense.) (64. "And fool t hem gradually, t hose whom you can among t hem wit h your voice, Aj lib upon t hem wit h your cavalry and your infant ry, share wit h t hem wealt h and children, and make promises t o t hem.'' But Shayt an promises t hem not hing but deceit .) (65. "Verily, My servant s, you have no aut horit y over t hem. And All-Sufficient is your Lord as a Guardian.'') When Iblis asked for respit e, Allah said t o him:

び∇ょワ∠ ∇クやぴ ` (Go,) I will give you respit e.' According t o anot her Ayah (Allah) said:

ろ ͡ ∇ホヲ∠ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ルｚ み͡プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び ュ͡ ヲ⊥ヤ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャや (Verily, you are of t hose allowed respit e t ill t he Day of t he t ime appoint ed.) (38:80-81). Then Allah warned him and t hose who follow him among t he progeny of Adam about Hell:

び∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ バ∠ ら͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ょワ∠ ∇クや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ((Allah) said: "Go, and whosoever of t hem follows you, surely, Hell will be t he recompense of you (all)) meaning, for your deeds.

びや⇔ケヲ⊥プヲｚョ ￢⇔ や∠ゴィ ∠ぴ (an ample recompense.) Muj ahid said, "Sufficient recompense.'' Qat adah said, "It will be abundant for you and will not be decreased for you.''

び∠マゎ͡ ∇ヲダ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ ∇コゴ͡ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ (And fool t hem gradually t hose whom you can among t hem wit h your voice,) It was said t hat t his refers t o singing. Muj ahid said, "Wit h idle ent ert ainment and singing,'' meaning, influence t hem wit h t hat .

び∠マゎ͡ ∇ヲダ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ ∇コゴ͡ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ (And fool t hem gradually t hose whom you can among t hem wit h your voice,) Ibn ` Abbas said, "Every caller who calls people t o disobey Allah.'' This was t he view of Qat adah, and was also t he opinion favored by Ibn Jarir.

び∠マヤ͡ィ ͡ ケ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ょヤ͡∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Aj ib upon t hem wit h your cavalry and your infant ry.) Send your t roops and cavalry and infant ry against t hem. The meaning is, send what ever forces you have at your disposal against t hem. This is a command (relat ed t o t he divine decree), as Allah says elsewhere:

リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べｚル∠ぺ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び や⇔コ∂ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁコぽ⊥ ゎ∠ (See you not t hat We have sent t he Shayat in against t he disbelievers t o push t hem t o do evil. ) (19:83), meaning, t o provoke t hem and drive t hem t owards evil.

び∠マヤ͡ィ ͡ ケ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ょヤ͡∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Aj lib upon t hem wit h your cavalry and your infant ry,) Ibn ` Abbas and Muj ahid said, "Everyone who rides or walks t o go and commit sin and disobey Allah.'' Qat adah said, "He has infant ry and cavalry among t he Jinn and among humans. They are t he ones who obey him.'' The Arabs use t he verb Aj laba when describing somebody shout ing at anot her person. Hence it is forbidden in races t o shout at one anot her and push one anot her. From t his root is also derived t he word Jalabah, which means raising voices.

び͡ギ⇒∠ャ∇ヱΙ ｘ や∠ヱ メ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ミケ͡ ゅ∠セヱ∠ ぴ (and share wit h t hem wealt h and children,) Ibn ` Abbas and Muj ahid said, "This means what he commands t hem t o do of spending money in disobedience t o Allah, may He be exalt ed.''

び͡ギ⇒∇ャ∇ヱΙ ｘ や∠ヱぴ

(and children,) Ibn' Abbas, as report ed by Al-` Awfi, Muj ahid and Ad-Dahhak said, "This means t he children of Zina (i.e., illegit imat e children).'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "This means t he children whom t hey used t o kill out of folly, wit hout knowledge.'' Qat adah report ed t hat Al-Hasan Al-Basri said: "Allah caused Shayt an t o t ake a share of wealt h and children by making t hem Magians, Jews and Christ ians, and making t hem follow any religion ot her t han Islam, and by making t hem give a part of t heir wealt h t o t he Shayt an.'' Qat adah said t he same.

び͡ギ⇒∠ャ∇ヱΙ ｘ や∠ヱ メ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ミケ͡ ゅ∠セヱ∠ ぴ (and share wit h t hem wealt h and children.) The fact t hat only wealt h and children are ment ioned in t his Ayah, does not mean t hat it is limit ed only t o t hose t hings. Everyt hing in which a person disobeys Allah or obeys t he Shayt an means t hat he is sharing wit h him. It was report ed in Sahih Muslim from ` Iyad bin Himar t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

￢∠ ゅ∠ヘレ∠ ェ ⊥ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヶあルま͡ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » ∇ろョ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ Α͡キ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わャ∠ゅ∠わ∇ィゅ∠プ リ ⊥ Β͡デゅ∠Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ ゅ∠イプ∠ «ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤヤ∠∇ェぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (Allah t he Might y and Exalt ed says, "I have creat ed My servant s as Hunafa' ぴmonot heist sび, t hen t he Shayat in come t o t hem and lead t hem ast ray from t heir religion and (t ell t hat ) what I have permit t ed for t hem is forbidden t o t hem.'') According t o t he Two Sahihs, t he Messenger of Allah said:

ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ヶ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠» ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ょ ͡ レあ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇らレあ ィ ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ぶ ͡ や ∇ユャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヶ͡プ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ケギｚ ボ∠ Α⊥ ∇ラま͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ゅ∠レ∠わ∇ホ∠コケ∠ «や⇔ギ∠よ∠ぺ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ロ⊥ ｚゲツ ⊥ Α∠ (When one of you want s t o have int ercourse wit h his wife, let him say, ` In t he Name of Allah. O Allah, keep us away from Shayt an and keep Shayt an away from what you best ow on us (children).' Then if a child is decreed for t hem from t hat , t he Shayt an will never harm him.)

びや⇔ケヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ギハ ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ ("...and make promises t o t hem.'' But Shayt an promises t hem not hing but deceit .) As Allah t ells us, Iblis will say, on t he Day when t he mat t er is decided:

び∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠∇カほ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎぁ ギ∠ハヱ∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah promised you a promise of t rut h. And I t oo promised you, but I bet rayed you.) ぴ14:22び

び∀リ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ン͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, My servant s, you have no aut horit y over t hem.) Here Allah t ells us t hat He support s His believing servant s, and guards and prot ect s t hem against t he accursed Shayt an. Allah says:

び⇔ΚΒ͡ミヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ヘ∠ミ∠ヱぴ (And All-Sufficient is your Lord as a Guardian.) meaning, as a Prot ect or, Support er and Helper.

∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らわ∠ ャ͡ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡ィ∇ゴΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ぁよｚケぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ (66. Your Lord is He Who drives t he ship for you t hrough t he sea, in order t hat you may seek of His bount y. Truly, He is ever Most Merciful t owards you.)

Ships are a Sign of the Mercy of Allah Allah t ells us of His kindness t owards His servant s by subj ugat ing for t hem ships on t he sea. He makes it easy for t hem t o use ships t o serve t heir int erest s, seeking His bount y t hrough t rade bet ween one region and anot her. He says:

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Truly, He is ever Most Mercif ul t owards you.) meaning, He does t his for you out of His grace and mercy t owards you.

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ リ∠ョ モ ｚッ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゲぁ ツ ぁ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚジョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ッゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚイル∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ロ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ Ι ∠ ま͡ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘミ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡や (67. And when harm t ouches you upon t he sea, t hose t hat you call upon vanish from you except Him. But when He brings you safe t o land, you t urn away. And man is ever ungrat eful.)

When Harm befalls Them, the Disbelievers do not remember anyone except Allah Allah t ells us t hat when harm befalls people, t hey call on Him, t urning t o Him and sincerely beseeching Him. Hence Allah says:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ リ∠ョ モ ｚッ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゲぁ ツ ぁ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚジョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ロゅｚΑ͡ま Ι ∠ ま͡ (And when harm t ouches you upon t he sea, t hose t hat you call upon vanish from you except Him.) meaning, everyt hing t hey worship besides Allah disappears from t heir heart s and minds. Similar happened t o ` Ikrimah bin Abi Jahl when he fled from t he Messenger of Allah aft er t he conquest of Makkah, and headed for Et hiopia. He set out across t he sea t o go t o Et hiopia, but a st ormy wind arose. The people said t o one anot her: "None can save you except Allah Alone.'' ` Ikrimah said t o himself, "By Allah if none can benefit on t he sea except Allah t hen no doubt none can benefit on land except Allah. ` O Allah! I promise You t hat if You bring me safely out of t his, I will go and put my hand in t he hand of Muhammad and surely, I will find him full of pit y, kindness and mercy.''' They came out of it safely and were delivered from t he sea. Then ` Ikrimah went t o t he Messenger of Allah , and declared his Islam, and he became a good Muslim, may Allah be pleased wit h him.

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ッゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚイル∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (But when He brings you safe t o land, you t urn away.) means, you forget what you remembered of Divine Oneness (Tawhid) when you were on t he sea, and you t urn away from calling on Him Alone wit h no part ner or associat e.

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ヘミ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡ やラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And man is ever ungrat eful.) means, by nat ure he forget s and denies His blessings, except for t hose whom Allah prot ect s.

モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ィ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ブ ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ レ͡ョほ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔ら͡タゅ∠ェ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (68. Do you t hen feel secure t hat He will not cause a side of t he land t o swallow you up, or t hat He will not send against you a Hasib Then, you shall find no guardian.)

Does not the Punishment of Allah come on Land too

Allah says, do you t hink t hat by emerging ont o dry land you will be safe from His vengeance and punishment , t hat a side of t he land will not swallow you up or He will not send against you a Hasib - which is a kind of rain t hat carries st ones This was t he view of Muj ahid and ot hers. As Allah says:

ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ｚ ルｚ ヅ ∃ ヲ⊥ャ メ ∠へ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ら͡ダ⇒∠ェ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べｚルま͡ぴ びゅ∠ルギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇バルあ ゲ∃ エ ∠ジ ∠ よ͡ (Verily, We sent against t hem, except t he family of Lut , t hem We saved in t he last hour of t he night , As a favor from Us.) (54:34-35) Elsewhere, Allah says:

び∃キヲ⊥ツ∇レョｚ モ ∃ Βあイシ ͡ リあョ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠イェ ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲト ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and We rained on t hem st ones of Sij j il, in a well-arranged manner one aft er anot her)

チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ よ͡ ブ ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リｚョ ∇ユわ⊥ レ͡ョ￢∠ ぺ∠ぴ ラ∠ぺ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ レ͡ョぺ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ び ゲ͡ Α͡グル∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バわ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ら͡ダ⇒∠ェ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ (Do you feel secure t hat He, Who is over t he heaven (Allah), will not cause t he eart h t o sink wit h you, and t hen it should quake Or do you feel secure t hat He, Who is over t he heaven (Allah), will not send against you a Hasib Then you shall know how (t errible) has been My warning) (67: 16-17)

び⇔ΚΒ͡ミヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then, you shall find no guardian.) no helper t o t urn t he punishment away from you and save you.

モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲΒ⊥ プ∠ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠ゎ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ Β͡バΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ レ͡ョぺ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ムホ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ピΒ⊥ プ∠ ウ ͡ Αあゲャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ヘタ ͡ ゅ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ び ゅ⇔バΒ͡らゎ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ (69. Or do you feel secure t hat He will not send you back a second t ime t o sea and send against you a Qasif and drown you because of your disbelief Then you will not find any avenger t herein against Us.)

Perhaps He will send You back to the Sea Allah says,

び∇ユわ⊥ レ͡ョぺ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or do you feel secure), ` you who t urn away from Us aft er acknowledging Our Oneness at sea once you are back upon dry land,'

び∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ Β͡バΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺぴ (t hat He will not send you back) t o sea a second t ime

び͡ウΑあゲャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ヘタ ͡ ゅ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲΒ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (and send against you a Qasif) which will dest roy your mast s and sink your vessels. Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers said, "Al-Qasif is t he wind of t he sea which dest roys vessels and sinks t hem.''

び∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ムホ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ピΒ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (and drown you because of your disbelief) means because of your rej ect ion and t urning away from Allah.

びゅ⇔バΒ͡らゎ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then you will not find any avenger t herein against Us.) Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t his means a helper. Muj ahid said, "A helper who will avenge you,'' i.e., t ake revenge on your behalf. Qat adah said it means, "We are not afraid t hat anyone will pursue Us wit h anyt hing of t hat nat ure (i.e., vengeance).''

ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ や∠￢ ヴ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲｚ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ゲ∃ Β͡んミ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤツ ｚ プ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ツ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ∇リヨｚ ョあ (70. And indeed We have honored t he Children of Adam, and We have carried t hem on land and sea, and have provided t hem wit h At -Tayyibat , and have preferred t hem above many of t hose whom We have creat ed wit h a marked preferment ).

The Honor and noble Nature of Man Allah t ells us how He has honored t he sons of Adam and made t hem noble by creat ing t hem in t he best and most perfect of forms, as He says:

び ユ∃ Α͡ヲ∇ボゎ∠ リ ͡ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Verily, We creat ed man in t he best st at ure (mould).) (95:4) He walks upright on his t wo feet and eat s wit h his hand, whilet ot her living creat ures walk on four feet and eat wit h t heir mout hs, and He has given him hearing, sight and a heart wit h which t o underst and all of t hat , t o benefit from it , and dist inguish bet ween t hings t o know which are good for him and which are harmful, in bot h worldly and religious t erms.

びあゲら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We have carried t hem on land) means, on animals such as cat t le, horses and mules, and also on t he sea in ships and boat s, great and small.

び͡れゅ∠らΒあト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ホ∠コ∠ケ∠ヱぴ (and have provided t hem wit h At -Tayyibat ,) meaning agricult ural produce, fruit s, meat , and milk wit h all kinds of delicious and desirable flavors and colors and beaut iful appearance, and fine clot hes of all kinds of shapes colors and sizes, which t hey make for t hemselves or are brought t o t hem by ot hers from ot her regions and areas.

び⇔ΚΒ͡ツ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ∇リヨｚ ョあ ゲ∃ Β͡んミ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤツ ｚ プ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and have preferred t hem above many of t hose whom We have creat ed wit h a marked preferment . ) means, over all living beings and ot her kinds of creat ion. This Ayah indicat es t hat human are also preferred over t he angels.

ヮ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ⇒∠ョみ͡よ͡ サ ∃ ゅ∠ルぺ⊥ ｚモミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ Κ ⇔ Β͡わプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゲ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ͡ レ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヴ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョヱ∠ びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ (71. (And remember) t he Day when We shall call t oget her all human beings wit h t heir (respect ive) Imam (i.e. t he Book of deeds). So whosoever is given his record in his right hand, such will read t heir records, and t hey will not be dealt wit h unj ust ly in t he least .) (72. And whoever is blind in t his ぴworldび t hen he will be blind in t he Hereaft er, and most ast ray from t he pat h.)

Everyone will be called by his Imam on the Day of Resurrection Allah t ells us t hat on t he Day of Resurrect ion, he will call each people t o account by it s Imam. The scholars differed as t o t he meaning of t his (i.e. Imam. Muj ahid and Qat adah said t hat it meant each nat ion would be called t o account by it s Prophet . Some of t he Salaf said t his is t he great est honor for t he people of Hadit h, because t heir leader is t he Prophet . Ibn Zayd said it means t hey would be called t o account by t heir Book which was revealed t o t heir Prophet wit h it s laws. This was also t he view favored by Ibn Jarir. Ibn Abi Naj ih narrat ed t hat Muj ahid said, "Wit h t heir Books.'' It may be t hat what is meant here is what Al-` Awfi narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas concerning t his Ayah,

び∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ⇒∠ョみ͡よ͡ サ ∃ ゅ∠ルぺ⊥ ｚモミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ ((And remember) t he Day when We shall call t oget her all human beings wit h t heir (respect ive) Imam), which is t hat it refers t o t he Book (or record) of t heir deeds. This was also t he view of Abu Al-` Aliyah, Al-Hasan and Ad-Dahhak. This view is t he most correct , because Allah says:

び∃リΒ͡らョぁ ュ∃ ゅ∠ョま͡ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠ダ∇ェ∠ぺ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ｚモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and all t hings We have recorded wit h numbers (as a record) in a Clear Book ぴFi Imamin Mubinび) ぴ36:12び

ゅｚヨョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ゲわ∠ プ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ノ∠ ッ ͡ ヱ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮΒ͡プ (And t he Book (one's record) will be placed, and you will see t he criminals, fearful of t hat which is (recorded) t herein) ぴ18:49び

ゅ∠ヰら͡ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ∠ハ∇ギゎ⊥ る∃ ョｚ ぺ ぁモミ⊥ る⇔ Β∠ を͡ ゅ∠ィ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ｚモミ⊥ ン∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや オ ⊥ジ ͡ レ∠わ∇ジル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ⊥ト ͡ レ∠Α ゅ∠レら⊥ ⇒∠わミ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ (And you will see each nat ion humbled t o t heir knees, each nat ion will be called t o it s record (of deeds). This Day you shall be recompensed for what you used t o do. This Our record speaks about you wit h t rut h. Verily, We were recording what you used t o do.) (45:28-29) This does not cont radict t he fact t hat t he Prophet will be brought forward when Allah j udges bet ween his

Ummah, for he will inevit ably be a wit ness against his Ummah over t heir deeds. But what is meant here by Imam is t he Book of deeds. Allah says:

ヮ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ⇒∠ョみ͡よ͡ サ ∃ ゅ∠ルぺ⊥ ｚモミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゲ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ͡ レ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ ((And remember) t he Day when We shall call t oget her all human beings wit h t heir (respect ive) Imam. So whosoever is given his record in his right hand, such will read t heir records,) means, because of t heir happiness and j oy at what is recorded t herein of good deeds - t hey will read it and want t o read it . As Allah says:

∇やぼ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホや ュ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ワ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ レ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ び ∇ヮΒ∠ ら⇒∠わミ͡ (Then as for him who will be given his record in his right hand will say: "Here! read my record!) unt il His saying,

び͡ヮャ͡ゅ∠ヨゼ ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱぺ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (But as for him who will be given his record in his left hand,) ぴ69:19-29び

び⇔ΚΒ͡わプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey will not be dealt wit h unj ust ly in t he least ぴFat ilanび.) We have already ment ioned t hat t he Fat il is t he long t hread in t he groove of a dat e-pit . Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bazzar recorded a Hadit h from Abu Hurayrah according t o which t he Prophet said, concerning t he Ayah,

び∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ⇒∠ョみ͡よ͡ サ ∃ ゅ∠ルぺ⊥ ｚモミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ ((And remember) t he Day when We shall call t oget her all human beings wit h t heir (respect ive) Imam.)

ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギぁ ヨ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮレ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヴ∠ト∇バΒ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ハ∇ギΑ⊥ » ∀ァゅ∠ゎ ヮ͡ シ ͡ ∇ぺケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮヰ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ ヂ ぁ Β∠ ∇らΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮヨ͡ ∇ジィ ͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Β∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ペ ⊥ ヤ͡ト ∠ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ほャ∠∇ほヤ∠わ∠ Α∠ り∃ ぽ∠ ャ⊥∇ぽャ⊥ ∇リョ͡

ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ポケ͡ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ∩や∠グヰ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レゎ͡ へ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∃ギΒ͡バよ∠ ∇リョ͡ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ やヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇よぺ∠ :∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ∩や∠グワ∠ ヶ͡プ ∩⊥ヮヰ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ キぁ ヲ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ゲ⊥ プ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩や∠グワ∠ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ ゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮヨ͡ ∇ジィ ͡ ヶプ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギぁ ヨ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ͡ゎ∇ほ∠ゎ ゅ∠ャ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや や∠グワ∠ ゲあ セ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩や∠グワ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ク⊥ ヲ⊥バル∠ ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ギ∠ バ∠ ∇よぺ∠ : メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ .ロ͡ ゴ͡ ∇カぺ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ «や∠グワ∠ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぶ ⊥ や (One of you will be called and will be given his Book in his right hand. He will be in a good physical st at e, wit h a whit e face, and t here will be placed on his head a crown of shining pearls. He will go t o his companions and t hey will see him from afar, and will say, "O Allah, let him come t o us and bless us wit h t his.'' Then he will come t o t hem and will say t o t hem, "Rej oice, for every man among you will be like t his.'' As for t he disbeliever, his face will be black and his body will be enlarged. His companions will see him from afar and will say, "We seek refuge in Allah from t his, or from t he evil of t his, O Allah, do not let him come t o us.'' "Then he will come t o t hem and t hey will say, O Allah, humiliat e him!'' He will say, "May Allah cast you away, every man among you will be like t his.'') Then Al-Bazzar said: "This was only report ed t hrough t his chain.''

びヴ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever is blind in t his) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Qat adah and Ibn Zayd said: t his means in t his worldly life.

びヴ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ぴ (blind) means, blind t o t he signs and proofs of Allah.

びヴ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (t hen he will be blind in t he Hereaft er,) as he was blind in t his world.

び⇔ΚΒ͡らシ ∠ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(and most ast ray from t he pat h.) most ast ray as he was in t his world. We seek refuge wit h Allah from t hat .

マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや リ ͡ハ ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥レわ͡ ∇ヘΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤカ ∠ ∠ポヱ⊥グ∠ガゎｚ Γ ｚ や⇔ク͡まヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ン ∠ ゲ͡ わ∠ ∇ヘわ͡ャ や⇔クま͡ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ リ ⊥ ミ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ れ ｚ ギ͡ミ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ∠マ⇒∠レ∇わらｚ ∠を ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ れ ͡ ゅ∠ヨヨ∠ ∇ャや ブ ∠ ∇バッ ͡ ヱ∠ り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ブ ∠ ∇バッ ͡ マ ∠ ⇒レ∠ ∇ホク∠ Ε ∠ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ギ⊥ イ ͡ ゎ∠ (73. Verily, t hey were about t o t empt you away from t hat which We have revealed t o you, t o fabricat e somet hing ot her t han it against Us, and t hen t hey would cert ainly have t aken you as an int imat e friend! (74. And had We not made you st and firm, you would nearly have inclined t o t hem a lit t le.) (75. In t hat case We would have made you t ast e a double port ion in t his life and a double port ion aft er deat h. And t hen you would have found none t o help you against Us.)

How the Prophet would have been punished if He had given in at all to the Disbelievers' Demands that He change some of the Revelation Allah t ells us how He support ed His Prophet and prot ect ed him and kept him safe from t he evil plot s of t he wicked t ransgressors. Allah is t he One Who t ook care of him and helped him, and would not leave him t o any of His creat ion. He is t he One Who is His Helper, Support er and Prot ect or, t he One Who is t o help him achieve vict ory and make His religion prevail over t hose who resist him and oppose him and fight him in t he east and in t he west . May Allah send peace and blessings upon him unt il t he Day of Judgement .

ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガΒ⊥ ャ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ヱぁゴヘ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ ∇ギホ∠ リ∠ョ る∠ レｚ シ ⊥ -Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ヘ∠ ⇒∠ヤカ ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ん∠ら∇ヤ∠Α Ι ｚ や⇔クま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ びΚ ⇔ Α͡ヲ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ レｚ ジ ⊥ ャ͡ ギ⊥ イ ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ͡ヤシ ⊥ ケぁ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ (76. And verily, t hey were about t o fright en you so much as t o drive you out from t he land. But in t hat case, t hey would not have st ayed (t herein) aft er you, except for a lit t le while.) (77. A Sunnah wit h which We sent Our Messengers before you and you will not find any alt erat ion in Our Sunnah.)

The Reason why these Ayat were revealed This was revealed concerning t he disbelievers among t he Quraysh, when t hey want ed t o expel t he Messenger of Allah from among t hemselves. So Allah issued a warning t o t hem in t his Ayah, t elling t hem t hat if t hey expelled him, t hey would not st ay in Makkah for very long aft er t hat . And t his is what happened aft er he migrat ed from t hem when t heir persecut ion became so int ense. Only a year and a half aft er t hat , Allah brought him and t hem t oget her on t he bat t lefield of Badr, wit hout any pre-arranged appoint ment , and He caused him t o prevail over t hem and defeat t hem, so he killed t heir leaders and t ook t heir families as capt ives. Hence Allah said:

びゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ リ∠ョ る∠ レｚ シ ⊥ぴ (A Sunnah wit h which We sent ) meaning t his is what We usually do t o t hose who rej ect Our Messengers and persecut e t hem by driving t he Messenger out from among t hemselves - t he punishment comes t o t hem. If it were not for t he fact t hat t he Prophet was t he Messenger of Mercy, vengeance would have come upon t hem such as had never been seen before in t his world. So Allah says:

び∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah would not punish t hem while you are among t hem.) ぴ8:33び

モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ペ ͡ジ ∠ビ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ポ ͡ ヲ⊥ャギ⊥ ャ͡ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ͡ ホ͡ ぺ∠ぴ び や⇔キヲヰ⊥ ∇ゼョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゲ͡ ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゲ͡ ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ん∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ マ ∠ ャｚ る⇔ ヤ∠プ͡ ゅ∠ル ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ギイ ｚ ヰ∠ わ∠ プ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔キヲ⊥ヨ∇エョｚ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ (78. Perform t he Salah from midday t ill t he darkness of t he night , and recit e t he Qur'an in t he early dawn. Verily, t he recit at ion of t he Qur'an in t he early dawn is ever wit nessed.) (79. And in some part s of t he night (also) offer t he Salah wit h it as an addit ional prayer for you. It may be t hat your Lord will raise you t o Maqam Mahmud.)

The Command to offer the Prayers at their appointed Times Allah says, commanding His Messenger t o offer t he prescribed prayers at t he appoint ed t imes:

び͡ザ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ポ ͡ ヲ⊥ャギ⊥ ャ͡ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ͡ ホ͡ ぺ∠ぴ

(Perform t he Salat from midday.) Hushaym narrat ed from Mughirah from Ash-Sha` bi from Ibn ` Abbas: "Midday means when t he sun is at it s zenit h.'' This was also report ed by Nafi` from Ibn ` Umar, and by Malik in his Tafsir from Az-Zuhri from Ibn ` Umar. This was t he opinion of Abu Barzah Al-Aslami and Muj ahid, and of Al-Hasan, Ad-Dahhak, Abu Ja` far Al-Baqir and Qat adah. It is also underst ood t o ぴgenerallyび refer t o t he t imes of t he five prayers. Allah said;

び͡モ∇Βャｚや ペ ͡ジ ∠ビ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ポ ͡ ヲ⊥ャギ⊥ ャ͡ぴ (from midday t ill t he darkness of t he night ,) meaning darkness, or it was said, sunset . This was underst ood t o mean Zuhr ` Asr, Maghrib and ` Isha'.

び͡ゲ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and recit e t he Qur'an in t he early dawn.) meaning Salat Al-Faj r. The det ails of t he t imings of t he prayers were report ed in t he Mut awat ir Sunnah from t he words and deeds of t he Prophet , and t his is what t he people of Islam have followed unt il t he present day, passing it down from generat ion t o generat ion, cent ury aft er cent ury, as we have st at ed in t he appropriat e place, praise be t o Allah.

The Meeting of the Angels at the Times of Fajr and ` Asr Prayers

びや⇔キヲ⊥ヰ∇ゼョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゲ͡ ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily t he recit at ion of t he Qur'an in t he early down is ever wit nessed.) Ibn Mas` ud report ed from Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased wit h t hem bot h) t hat t he Prophet said concerning t his Ayah :

びや⇔キヲ⊥ヰ∇ゼョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゲ͡ ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゲ͡ ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and recit e t he Qur'an in t he early dawn. Verily, t he recit at ion of t he Qur'an in t he early dawn is ever wit nessed.)

«ケゅ∠ヰレｚャや る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤョ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャや る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤョ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ » (It is wit nessed by t he angels of t he night and t he angels of t he day.) Al-Bukhari narrat ed from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Prophet said:

∀ザ∇ヨ∠カ ギ͡ ェ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや り͡ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ͡ Β͡ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや り͡ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ » る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤョ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャや る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤョ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ͡ わ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⇔るィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ∇ゼハ ͡ ヱ∠ «ゲ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや り͡ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ヶ͡プ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや (The prayer offered in congregat ion is t went y-five degrees bet t er t han t he prayer offered individually, and t he angels of t he night and t he angels of t he day meet at Salat Al-Faj r.) Abu Hurayrah said: Recit e, if you wish:

びや⇔キヲ⊥ヰ∇ゼョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゲ͡ ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゲ͡ ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and recit e t he Qur'an in t he early dawn. Verily, t he recit at ion of t he Qur'an in t he early dawn is ever wit nessed.) Imam Ahmad recorded from Ibn Mas` ud and Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Prophet said, concerning t he Ayah:

びや⇔キヲ⊥ヰ∇ゼョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゲ͡ ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゲ͡ ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and recit e t he Qur'an in t he early dawn. Verily, t he recit at ion of t he Qur'an in t he early dawn is ever wit nessed.)

«ケゅ∠ヰレｚャや る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤョ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャや る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤョ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ » (It is wit nessed by t he angels of t he night and t he angels of t he day.) This was recorded by At Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, and Ibn Maj ah. At -Tirmidhi said, "It is Hasan Sahih.'' According t o t he version recorded in t he Two Sahihs from Abu Hurayrah, t he Prophet said:

∩͡ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャゅ͡よ る∀ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤョ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャゅ͡よ る∀ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤョ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らホ∠ ゅ∠バわ∠ Α∠ » り͡ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ヶ͡プヱ∠ ウ ͡ ∇らダ ぁ ャや り͡ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ͡ わ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ほ∠∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠よ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇バΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ゲ∇ダバ∠ ∇ャや :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ «ラヲぁヤダ ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ラヲぁヤダ ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ (The angels of t he night and t he angels of t he day come amongst you in successive groups (in shift s). They meet at t he Morning prayer (Faj r) and at t he Mid-aft ernoon prayer ('Asr). Those who st ayed among you at ascend, and t heir Lord asks t hem, alt hough He knows best about you, "How did you leave My servant s'' They say, "We came t o t hem when t hey were praying and we

left t hem when t hey were praying.'') ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "The t wo guards meet at Salat Al-Faj r, and one group ascends while t he ot her st ays where it is. '' These were t he comment s of Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Muj ahid, Qat adah and ot hers on t he Tafsir of t his Ayah.

The Command to pray Tahajjud

び∠マャｚ る⇔ ヤ∠プ͡ ゅ∠ル ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ギイ ｚ ヰ∠ わ∠ プ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And in some part s of t he night (also) offer t he Salah wit h it as an addit ional prayer for you.) Here Allah commands him (t he Prophet ) t o offer furt her prayers at night aft er t he prescribed prayers. It was report ed in Sahih Muslim from Abu Hurayrah t hat when t he Messenger of Allah was asked which prayer is best aft er t he prescribed prayers, he said,

«モ∇Βヤｚャや り⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ » (The Night prayer) Allah commanded His Messenger t o pray t he Night prayer aft er offering t he prescribed prayers, and t he t erm Tahaj j ud refers t o prayer t hat is offered aft er sleeping. This was t he view of ` Alqamah, Al-Aswad, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i and ot hers. It is also well-known from t he Arabic language it self. A number of Hadit hs report t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o pray Tahaj j ud aft er he had slept . These include report s from Ibn ` Abbas, ` A'ishah and ot her Companions, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem. This has been discussed in det ail in t he appropriat e place, praise be t o Allah. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "This is what comes aft er ` Isha', or it could mean what comes aft er sleeping.''

び∠マャｚ る⇔ ヤ∠プ͡ ゅ∠ルぴ (an addit ional prayer (Nawafil)) means t he Night prayer has been made an ext ra prayer specifically for t he Prophet , because all his previous and fut ure sins had been forgiven. But for ot her members of his Ummah, offering opt ional prayers may expiat e for what ever sins t hey may commit . This was t he view of Muj ahid, and it was report ed in Al-Musnad from Abu Umamah Al-Bahili.

びや⇔キヲ⊥ヨ∇エョｚ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ マ ∠ ん∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ぴ (It may be t hat your Lord will raise you t o Maqam Mahmud.) meaning, ` do t hat which you are commanded t o do, and We will raise you t o a st at ion of praise and glory (Maqam Mahmud) on t he Day of Resurrect ion, where all of creat ion will praise you,' as will t heir Creat or, may He be glorified and exalt ed. Ibn Jarir said, "Most of t he comment at ors said, ` This is t he posit ion t o which Muhammad will be raised on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t o int ercede for t he people so t hat t heir Lord will relieve t hem of some of t he hardships t hey are facing on t hat Day.''' It was report ed t hat Hudhayfah said, "Mankind will be gat hered in one arena, where t hey will all hear t he call and will all be seen. They will be st anding barefoot and naked as t hey were creat ed, and no person shall speak except by t he leave of Allah. He will call out , ` O Muhammad,' and he will respond,

ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゲぁ ゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ マ ∠ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ ヶ͡プ ゲ⊥ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩∠マ∇Αギ∠ ∇バシ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βらｚ ャ∠» ∩∠マ∇Α∠ギ∠Α リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ポ ∠ ギ⊥ ∇らハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ろ∇Αギ∠ ワ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヵ ぁ ギ͡ ヰ∠ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩∠マ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∩∠マ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゅｚャま͡ マ ∠ ∇レョ͡ ほ∠イ ∠ ∇ヤョ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヴ∠イ∇レョ∠ ゅ∠ャ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ «ろ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ゆ ｚ ケ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ろ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ミケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ (At your service, all goodness is in Your Hands and evil is not t o be at t ribut ed t o You. The one who is guided is t he one whom You guide. Your servant is before You, from You, and t o You and t here is no salvat ion or refuge from You except wit h You. May You be blessed and exalt ed, Glory be t o You, Lord of t he House (t he Ka` bah).) This is t he posit ion of praise and honor (Maqam Mahmud) which was ment ioned by Allah.'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "The posit ion of praise and honor is t he posit ion of int ercession.'' Ibn Abi Naj ih report ed somet hing similar from Muj ahid, and t his was also t he view of Al-Hasan Al-Basri. Qat adah said, "He is t he first one for whom t he eart h will be opened on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and he will be t he first one t o int ercede.'' So t he scholars consider t his t he posit ion of praise and glory t o which Allah referred in t he Ayah:

びや⇔キヲ⊥ヨ∇エョｚ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ マ ∠ ん∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ぴ (It may be t hat your Lord will raise you t o Maqam Mahmud.) I, Ibn Kat hir, say: t he Messenger of Allah will have honors in t he Day of Resurrect ion in which no one else will have a share, honors which will not be mat ched by anyone else. He is t he first one for whom t he eart h will be opened and he will come fort h riding t o t he gat hering place. He will have a banner under which Adam and anyone else will gat her, and he will have t he Hawd (Lake) t o which no one else will have more access t han he. He will have t he right of t he Grand Int ercession wit h Allah when He comes t o j udge bet ween His creat ion. This will be aft er t he people ask Adam, t hen Nuh, t hen Ibrahim, t hen Musa, t hen ` Isa t o int ercede, and each of t hem will say, "I am not able for t hat .'' Then t hey will come t o Muhammad , and he will say,

«ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ» (I can do t hat , I can do t hat .) We will ment ion t his in more det ail short ly, If Allah wills. Part of t hat will be t hat he will int ercede for some people who had been commanded t o be t aken t o Hell, and t hey will be brought back. He is t he first Prophet whose Ummah will be j udged, and t he first t o t ake t hem across t he Bridge over t he Fire, and t he first t o int ercede in Paradise, as was report ed in Sahih Muslim. In t he Hadit h about t he Trumpet , it says t hat none of t he believers will ent er Paradise except t hrough his int ercession. He will be t he first t o ent er Paradise, and his Ummah will be t he first nat ion t o ent er. He will int ercede for t he st at us t o be raised for people whose deeds could not get t hem t here. He is t he one who will reach AlWasilah, which is t he highest posit ion in Paradise, which befit s no one but him. When Allah gives permission for int ercession on behalf of sinners, t he angels, Prophet s and believers will int ercede, and he will int ercede for people whose number is known only t o Allah. No one will int ercede like him and no one will mat ch him in int ercession. This has been explained in comprehensive det ail at t he end of t he Book of Sirah, in t he chapt er on t he specific qualit ies. Praise be t o Allah. Now wit h t he help of Allah we will ment ion t he Hadit hs t hat were report ed concerning Al-Maqam Al-Mahmud. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said: "On t he Day of

Resurrect ion, t he people will be humbled t o t heir knees, each nat ion following it s Prophet and saying, ` O so-and-so, int ercede,' ` O so-and-so, int ercede,' unt il t he power of int ercession is given t o Muhammad , and t hat will be t he day when Allah raises him t o a posit ion of praise and glory. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ブ ∠ ∇ダル͡ ベ ⊥ ゲ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヲ⊥ル∇ギわ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ べ͡よ やヲ⊥をゅ∠ピわ∠ ∇シや マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Βら∠ プ∠ ∩͡ラク⊥ ほ⊥∇ャや ｚユを⊥ ∩∠マャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨよ͡ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠マャ͡ク∠ ょ ͡ ェ ͡ ゅ∠ダよ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ジャ∠ る͡ ボ∠ ヤ∠エ ∠ よ͡ グ∠ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヶ͡ゼ∇ヨΒ∠ プ∠ ペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ゼΒ∠ プ∠ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ «や⇔キヲ⊥ヨ∇エョ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ん⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ ゅ∠よ (The sun will come close unt il t he sweat reaches halfway up one's ears. When t he people are in t hat st at e, t hey will ask Adam for help, and he will say, "I am not t he one t o do t hat .'' Then t hey will ask Musa, and he will say likewise, t hen t hey will ask Muhammad, and he will int ercede for t he people and will go and t ake hold of t he handle of t he gat e of Paradise, and t hat will be t he Day when Allah resurrect s him t o a posit ion of praise and glory.) Al-Bukhari also recorded it in t he Book of Zakah, where he added:

モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∩や⇔キヲ⊥ヨ∇エョ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ん⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ プ∠ » «ユ⊥ヰヤぁミ⊥ ノ͡ ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや (That will be t he Day when Allah resurrect s him t o a posit ion of praise and glory, and all t he people will praise him.) Abu Dawud At -Tayalisi recorded t hat ` Abdullah said, "Then Allah will give permission for int ercession, and Ar-Ruh Al-Quddus, Jibril, will st and up, t hen Ibrahim, t he close Friend of Allah will st and up, t hen ` Isa or Musa will st and up - Abu Az-Za` ra' said, ` I do not know which of t hem, ' -- t hen your Prophet will st and up and will int ercede, and no one aft er him will int ercede as much as he does. This is t he posit ion of praise and glory t o which Allah referred:

びや⇔キヲ⊥ヨ∇エョｚ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ マ ∠ ん∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ぴ (It may be t hat your Lord will raise you t o Maqam Mahmud.)''

The Hadith of Abu Hurayrah Imam Ahmad (may Allah have mercy on him) recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "Some meat was brought t o t he Messenger of Allah , and he lift ed up t he arm, which he used t o like, and t ook one bit e, t hen he said:

ユｚ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケ∇ギゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ギ⊥ あΒシ ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ» ギ∃ Β͡バタ ∠ ヶプ͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡ べ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ ほ∠∇ャや ぶ ⊥ や ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∨∠ポや∠ク ヲ⊥ル∇ギゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ゲダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ グ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ハやｚギャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ バ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ジΑ⊥ ∩∃ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ ゅ∠ャ ゅ∠ョ ゆ ͡ ∇ゲム∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユあ ピ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ヒ⊥ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ プ∠ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヂ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ わ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠ラヲ⊥ボΒ͡トΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ ピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ :ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ ャ͡ ヂ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ∇レゎ∠ :ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ ャ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠Α :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ュキ∠ べ͡よ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ Β͡プ オ ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ やマ ∠ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゲ͡ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ヲ⊥よぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ュ⊥ キ∠ へ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ノヘ∠ ∇セゅ∠プ ∩∠マャ∠ やヱ⊥ギイ ∠ジ ∠ プ∠ る∠ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮェ ͡ ヱケ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∩͡ヮΒ͡プ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ツ ͡ ビ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ :ュ⊥ キ∠ へ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨ゅ∠レピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ょ ∠ ツ ∠ ∇ピΑ∠ ∇リャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ∇ょツ ∠ ∇ピΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ⇔らツ ∠ ビ ∠ ∩⊥ろ∇Βダ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヶ͡ルゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮヤ∠∇んョ͡ やヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇クや ヵ͡ゲ∇Βビ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ やヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇クや ∩ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ゥ ⊥ ヲ⊥ル ゅ∠Α :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ル ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∃ゥヲ⊥ル ヴ∠ャま͡ ぶ ⊥ や ポ ∠ ゅｚヨシ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ モ ͡シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠

リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ノヘ∠ ∇セや ∩や⇔ケヲ⊥ムセ ∠ やギ⇔ ∇らハ ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ :∀ゥヲ⊥ル メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨ゅ∠レピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∩͡ヮΒ͡プ ∇リャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ∇ょツ ∠ ∇ピΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ⇔らツ ∠ ビ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ツ ͡ ビ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ り∀ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ヶ͡ャ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩ぁテホ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ょ ∠ ツ ∠ ∇ピΑ∠ やヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇クや ∩ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヶ͡ョ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ユΒ͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ やヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇クや ヵ͡ゲ∇Βビ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥Β͡ヤカ ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヶ ぁ ら͡ ル∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ゅ∠Α :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ノヘ∠ ∇セや∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨ゅ∠レピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∩͡ヮΒ͡プ ∇リャ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮヤ∠∇んョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ∇ょツ ∠ ∇ピΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ⇔らツ ∠ ビ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ツ ͡ ビ ∠ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠よグ∠ ミ∠ ゲ∠ ミ∠ グ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ょ ∠ ツ ∠ ∇ピΑ∠ ∩ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ やヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇クや ヵ͡ゲ∇Βビ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ やヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇クや ∩ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠Α :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヤム∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ャゅ∠シゲ͡ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ やポ ∠ ゅ∠ヘト ∠ ∇タや ぶ ͡ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ノヘ∠ ∇セや ∩͡サゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ :ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨ゅ∠レピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∩͡ヮΒ͡プ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ∇ょツ ∠ ∇ピΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ⇔らツ ∠ ビ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ツ ͡ ビ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ ∩⊥ヮヤ∠∇んョ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ょ ∠ ツ ∠ ∇ピΑ∠ ∇リャ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮヤ∠∇んョ͡

やヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇クや ∩ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇わボ∠ よ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ジΒバ͡レル∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ヴ∠ャま͡ やヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇クや ヵ͡ゲ∇Βビ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ∠ジΒハ͡やゅ∠Α :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ろ ∠ ∇ヨヤｚミ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∇レョ͡ ∀ゥヱ⊥ケ∠ヱ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∩͡ヮΒ͡プ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ノヘ∠ ∇セゅ∠プ ∩ゅ６Βら͡ タ ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ :ヴ∠ジΒバ͡ヨ∇ヨヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨ゅ∠レピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∩⊥ヮヤ∠∇んョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ∇ょツ ∠ ∇ピΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ⇔らツ ∠ ビ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ツ ͡ ビ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ∩ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮヤ∠∇んョ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ょ ∠ ツ ∠ ∇ピΑ∠ ∇リャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ やヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇クや ヵ͡ゲ∇Βビ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ やヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇クや ∩ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ギ⊥ ｚヨエ ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠Α :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ や⇔ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∃ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ビ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや ユ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠カヱ∠ ぶ ͡ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ノヘ∠ ∇セゅ∠プ ∩∠ゲカ ｚ ほ∠ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ マ ∠ ら͡ ∇ルク∠ ∇リョ͡ ュ∠ ギｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ホほ∠プ∠ ∨ゅ∠レピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∩͡ヮΒ͡プ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∩ｚモィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ヶあよゲ∠ ャ͡ や⇔ギィ ͡ ゅ∠シ ノ⊥ ホ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∩͡ス∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ヶ͡ゎべ∠プ リ ͡ ∇ジェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ョ͡ ゅ∠エョ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヶ͡レヨ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇ヤΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ウ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩ヶ͡ヤ∇らホ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇エわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠レんｚ ャや ∩∇ノヘｚ ゼ ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ノヘ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ∩⊥ヮ∠ト∇バゎ⊥ ∇モシ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠シ ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ∇ノプ∠ ∇ケや ギ⊥ ｚヨエ ∠ ョ⊥ ∩あゆケ∠ ゅ∠Α ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∩あゆケ∠ ゅ∠Α ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホほ∠プ∠ ヶ͡シ∇ぺケ∠ ノ⊥ プ∠ ∇ケほ∠プ∠

マ ∠ わ͡ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ∇モカ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ ギ⊥ ｚヨエ ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩あゆケ∠ ゅ∠Α ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ゆ ͡ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇Αほ∠∇ャや ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゅ∠ャ ∇リョ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ン∠ヲシ ͡ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ￢⊥ ゅ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ ラ ｚ ま͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ザ ⊥ ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡ゆや∠ヲ∇よほ∠∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ノ͡ Α͡ケゅ∠ダョ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βハ ∠ や∠ゲ∇ダヨ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ «ン∠ゲ∇ダよ⊥ ∠ヱ る∠ ムｚ ョ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠ミ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∠ゲイ ∠ ワ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ ムｚ ョ∠ (I will be t he leader of mankind on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Do you know why it will be so Allah will gat her t he first and t he last in one place, and t hey will hear a voice calling out , and t hey will all be seen. The sun will come close unt il t heir anguish and dist ress becomes unbearable, and some will say t o ot hers, "Do you not see how much you are suffering Why do you not find someone t o int ercede for you wit h your Lord'' And some of t he people will say t o ot hers, "How about Adam'' So t hey will go t o Adam and say, "O Adam, you are t he fat her of mankind, Allah creat ed you wit h His Hand and breat hed int o you of His spirit , and commanded t he angels t o prost rat e t o you. Int ercede for us wit h your Lord, do you not see t he st at e we are in, how bad it is'' Adam will say, "My Lord is angry t oday in a way t hat He has never been angry before and He will never be t his angry again. He forbade me t o approach t he Tree and I disobeyed Him. Myself, myself, myself ぴi.e., I am only concerned about myself び. Go t o someone else. Go t o Nuh.'' So t hey will go t o Nuh and say, "O Nuh, you are t he first of t he Messengers sent t o t he people of eart h, and Allah called you a grat eful servant . Int ercede for us wit h your Lord, do you not see t he st at e we are in, how bad it is'' Nuh will say, "My Lord is angry t oday in a way t hat He has never been angry before and He will never be t his angry again. There is a prayer t hat I prayed against my people. Myself, myself, myself ぴi.e., I am only concerned about myselfび. Go t o someone else. Go t o Ibrahim. '' So t hey will go t o Ibrahim and say, "O Ibrahim, you are t he Prophet of Allah and His close Friend among t he people of eart h. Int ercede for us wit h your Lord, do you not see t he st at e we are in, how bad it is'' Ibrahim will say, "My Lord is angry t oday in a way t hat He has never been angry before and He will never be t his angry again.'' And he ment ioned some unt rut hs he had t old. "Myself, myself, myself ぴi.e., I am only concerned about myselfび. Go t o someone else. Go t o Musa.'' So t hey will go t o Musa and say, "O Musa, you are t he Messenger of Allah, Allah chose you above ot hers by select ing you t o convey His Message and by speaking t o you direct ly. Int ercede for us wit h your Lord, do you not see t he st at e we are in, how bad it is'' Musa will say, "My Lord is angry t oday in a way t hat He has never been angry before and He will never be t his angry again. I killed a soul whom I had not been commanded t o kill. Myself, myself, myself ぴi.e., I am only concerned about myselfび. Go t o someone else. Go t o ` Isa.'' So t hey will go t o ` Isa and say, ` O ` Isa, you are t he Messenger of Allah and His Word which He best owed upon Maryam and a spirit creat ed by Him. You spoke t o t he people as an infant in t he cradle. Int ercede for us wit h your Lord, do you not see t he st at e we are in, how bad it is'' ` Isa will say, "My Lord is angry t oday in a way t hat He has never been angry before and He will never be t his angry again.'' And he will not ment ion any sin. "Myself, myself, myself ぴi.e., I am only concerned about myselfび. Go t o someone else. Go t o Muhammad.'' So t hey will go t o Muhammad and will say, "O Muhammad, you are t he Messenger of Allah and t he Last of t he Prophet s, Allah forgave all your past and fut ure sins. Int ercede for us wit h your Lord, do you not see t he st at e we are in, how

bad it is'' I will st and up and come before t he Throne, and will fall prost rat ing t o my Lord, may He be glorified and exalt ed. Then Allah will inspire me t o speak and I will speak beaut iful words of praise such as no one has ever been inspired wit h before. It will be said, "O Muhammad, raise your head and ask, it will be grant ed t o you. Int ercede, and your int ercession will be heard.'' So I will raise my head and say, "My Ummah, O Lord, my Ummah, O Lord, my Ummah, O Lord.'' It will be said, "O Muhammad, admit t hose who will not be brought t o account from among your Ummah t hrough t he right -hand gat e of Paradise. Then t he rest of your Ummah will share t he ot her gat es wit h t he rest of t he people.'') Then he said, ("By t he One in Whose Hand is t he soul of Muhammad, t he dist ance bet ween t wo of t he gat epost s of Paradise is like t he dist ance bet ween Makkah and Haj ar, or bet ween Makkah and Busra.) It was also report ed in t he Two Sahihs.

ヴ͡レ∇ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ベ ∃ ∇ギタ ͡ モ ∠カ ∠ ∇ギョ⊥ ヴ͡レ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ ゆ あ ケｚ モ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ルギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ ヴャあ モ∠バ∇ィや∠ヱ ベ ∃ ∇ギタ ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ガョ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ モ ⊥ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ペ ∠ ワ∠ コ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ダルｚ び ゅ⇔ホヲ⊥ワコ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ モ ∠ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや (80. And say: "My Lord! Let my ent ry be good, and (likewise) my exit be good. And grant me from You a helping aut horit y,'') (81. And say: "Trut h has come and falsehood has vanished. Surely, falsehood is ever bound t o vanish.'')

The Command to emigrate Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: The Prophet was in Makkah, t hen he was commanded t o emigrat e, and Allah revealed t he words:

ヴ͡レ∇ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ベ ∃ ∇ギタ ͡ モ ∠カ ∠ ∇ギョ⊥ ヴ͡レ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ ゆ あ ケｚ モホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ルギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ ヴあャ モ∠バ∇ィや∠ヱ ベ ∃ ∇ギタ ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ガョ⊥ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダルｚ (And say: "My Lord! Let my ent ry be good, and (likewise) my exit be good. And grant me from You a helping aut horit y.'') At -Tirmidhi said, "This is Hasan Sahih.'' Al-Hasan Al-Basri comment ed on t his Ayah, "When t he disbelievers of Makkah conspired t o kill t he Messenger of Allah , or expel him or imprison him, Allah want ed him t o fight t he people of Makkah, and commanded him t o go t o Al-Madinah. What Allah said was:

ヴ͡レ∇ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ベ ∃ ∇ギタ ͡ モ ∠カ ∠ ∇ギョ⊥ ヴ͡レ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ ゆ あ ケｚ モ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ び∃ベ∇ギタ ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ガョ⊥ (And say: "My Lord! Let my ent ry be good, and (likewise) my exit be good...'')

び∃ベ∇ギタ ͡ モ ∠カ ∠ ∇ギョ⊥ ヴ͡レ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ ゆ あ ケｚ モ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ (And say: "My Lord! Let my ent ry be good...'') means, my ent ry t o Al-Madinah.

び∃ベ∇ギタ ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ガョ⊥ ヴ͡レ∇ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and (likewise) my exit be good, ) means, my exit from Makkah. This was also t he view of ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam.

びや⇔ゲΒ͡ダルｚ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ルギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ ヴあャ モ∠バ∇ィや∠ヱぴ (And grant me from You a helping aut horit y.) Al-Hasan Al-Basri explained t his Ayah; "His Lord promised t o t ake away t he kingdom and glory of Persia and give it t o him, and t he kingdom and glory of Byzant ium and give it t o him.'' Qat adah said, "The Prophet of Allah knew t hat t hat he could not achieve t his wit hout aut horit y or power, so he asked for aut horit y t o help him support t he Book of Allah, t he Laws of Allah, t he obligat ions of Allah and t o est ablish t he religion of Allah. Aut horit y is a mercy from Allah which He places among His servant s, ot herwise some of t hem would at t ack ot hers, and t he st rong would consume t he weak.'' Alongside t he t rut h, he also needed power and aut horit y in order t o suppress t hose who opposed and resist ed him, hence Allah said:

び͡ろ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Indeed We have sent Our Messengers wit h clear proofs,) unt il His saying,

び∠ギΑ͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ャ∇ゴル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And We brought fort h iron) ぴ57:25び

A Threat to the Disbelievers of the Quraysh

び⊥モ͡ト⇒∠ら∇ャや ペ ∠ ワ∠ コ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And say: "Trut h has come and falsehood has vanished...'') This is a t hreat and a warning t o t he disbelievers of t he Quraysh, for t here has come t o t hem from Allah t he t rut h of which t here can be no doubt and which t hey have no power t o resist . This is what Allah has sent t o t hem of t he Qur'an, fait h and beneficial knowledge. Their falsehood has perished or vanished and been dest royed, it cannot remain or st and firm in t he face of t he t rut h.

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ピ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ギΒ∠ プ∠ モ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ フ ⊥ グ͡ ∇ボル∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ び∀ペワ͡ や∠コ Nay, We fling t he t rut h against t he falsehood, so it dest roys it , and behold, it dis- appears. AlBukhari recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said: The Prophet ent ered Makkah (at t he Conquest ), and around t he House (t he Ka` bah) were t hree hundred and sixt y idols. He st art ed t o st rike t hem wit h a st ick in his hand, saying,

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ モ ∠ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ モ ⊥ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ペ ∠ ワ∠ コ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ィぴ びゅ⇔ホヲ⊥ワコ∠ (Trut h has come and falsehood has vanished. Surely falsehood is ever bound t o vanish.) ぴ17:81び

び⊥ギΒ͡バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ モ ⊥ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ￢⊥ ン͡ギ∇らΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ィぴ (Trut h has come, and falsehood can neit her creat e anyt hing nor resurrect (anyt hing).) ぴ34:49び

る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケゅ∠ジカ ∠ Ι ｚ ま∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ (82. And We send down of t he Qur'an t hat which is a cure and a mercy t o t he believers, and it increases t he wrongdoers in not hing but loss.)

The Qur'an is a Cure and a Mercy Allah t ells us t hat His Book, which He has revealed t o His Messenger Muhammad , t he Qur'an t o which falsehood cannot come, from before it or behind it , (it is) sent down by t he All-Wise, Wort hy of all praise, is a cure and a mercy for t he believers, meaning t hat it t akes away what ever is in t heir heart s of doubt , hypocrisy, Shirk, confusion and inclinat ion t owards falsehood. The Qur'an cures all of t hat . It is also a mercy t hrough which one at t ains fait h and wisdom and seeks goodness. This is only for t hose who believe in it and accept it as t rut hful, it is a cure and a mercy only for such people. As for t he disbeliever who is wronging himself by his disbelief, when he hears t he Qur'an, it only makes him furt her from t he t rut h and increases him in his disbelief. The problem lies wit h t he disbeliever himself, not wit h t he Qur'an, as Allah says:

Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ∠ヱ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヴ⇔ヨハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇ホ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ や∠クや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ び∃ギΒ͡バよ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョｚ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヱキ∠ ゅ∠レΑ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ (Say: "It is for t hose who believe, a guide and a cure. And as for t hose who disbelieve, t here is heaviness in t heir ears, and it is blindness for t hem. They are t hose who are called from a place far away (so t hey neit her list en nor underst and).'') ぴ41:44び

∇ユム⊥ Αぁ ぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ∀り∠ケヲ⊥シ ∇ろャ∠ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ や∠ゴプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ヮ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ や∠コ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ィケ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ィケ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ や∠ゴプ∠ ∀チ∠ゲョｚ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ (And whenever t here comes down a Surah, some of t hem (hypocrit es) say: "Which of you has had his fait h increased by it '' As for t hose who believe, it has increased t heir fait h, and t hey rej oice. But as for t hose in whose heart s is a disease, it will add suspicion and doubt t o t heir suspicion, disbelief and doubt ; and t hey die while t hey are disbelievers.) (9:124-125) And t here are many ot her similar Ayat .

る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ (And We send down of t he Qur'an t hat which is a cure and a mercy t o t he believers,) Qat adah said, "When t he believer hears it , he benefit s from it and memorizes it and underst ands it .''

びや⇔ケゅ∠ジカ ∠ Ι ｚ ま∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and it increases t he wrongdoers in not hing but loss.) They do not benefit from it or memorize it or underst and it , for Allah has made t his Qur'an a cure and a mercy for t he believers.

ヮ͡ ら͡ ル͡ ゅ∠イよ͡ ン∠ほル∠ ヱ∠ チ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔シヲ⊥ゃΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゲぁ ゼ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ｚジョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リヨ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ゲ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヤ∠ミ͡ ゅ∠セ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ン∠ギ∇ワぺ∠ (83. And when We best ow Our grace on man, he t urns away and becomes arrogant . And when evil t ouches him, he is in great despair.) (84. Say: "Each one does according t o Shakilat ihi, and your Lord knows best of him whose pat h is right .'')

Turning away from Allah at Times of Ease and despairing at Times of Calamity Allah t ells us about t he weakness t hat is inherent in man, except for t hose whom He prot ect s at bot h t imes of ease and calamit y. If Allah blesses a man wit h wealt h, good healt h, ease, provision and help, and he get s what he want s, he t urns away from t he obedience and worship of Allah, and becomes arrogant . Muj ahid said, "(It means) he goes away from Us.'' I say, t his is like t he Ayah:

ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レハ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ∠ほミ∠ ゲｚ ョ∠ ロ⊥ ｚゲッ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヘ∠ゼ∠ミ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ び⊥ヮジ ｚ ョｚ ｙゲッ ⊥ (But when We have removed his harm from him, he passes on as if he had never invoked Us for a harm t hat t ouched him!) ぴ10:12び and;

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ッゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ヴャ∠ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚイル∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (But when He brings you safe t o land, you t urn away.) When man is st ricken wit h evil, which means disast ers, accident s and calamit ies,

び⇔ゅシヲ⊥ゃΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミぴ (he is in great despair.), meaning t hat he t hinks he will never have anyt hing good again. As Allah says,

ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ワゅ∠レ∇ハゴ∠ ル∠ ｚユを⊥ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゅｚレ͡ョ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡ や ゅ∠レ∇ホク∠ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ￢∠ へｚゲッ ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∠￢べ∠ヨ∇バ∠ル ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ホク∠ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ミ ∀サヲ⊥ゃ∠Β∠ャ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ゥ ∀ ゲ͡ ヘ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヶあレハ ∠ れ ⊥ ゅ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ょ ∠ ワ∠ ク∠ リ ｚ ャ∠ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わｚジョ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ - ∀ケヲ⊥ガ∠プ び ∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゲ∀ ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ (And if We give man a t ast e of mercy from Us, and remove it from him, verily, He is despairing, ungrat eful. But if We let him t ast e good aft er evil has t ouched him, he is sure t o say: "Ills have depart ed from me.'' Surely, he is exult ant , and boast ful. Except t hose who show pat ience and do right eous good deeds: t hose, t heirs will be forgiveness and a great reward.) (11:9-11)

び͡ヮわ͡ ヤ∠ミ͡ ゅ∠セ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Each one does according t o Shakilat ihi...'') Ibn ` Abbas said, "According t o his inclinat ions.'' Muj ahid said, "According t o his inclinat ions and his nat ure.'' Qat adah said, "According t o his int ent ions.'' Ibn Zayd said, "According t o his religion.'' All t hese suggest ions are close in meaning. This Ayah - and Allah knows best - is a t hreat and a warning t o t he idolat ors, like t he Ayah:

び∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ モ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ (And say t o t hose who do not believe: "Act according t o your abilit y and way'') (11:121) So Allah says:

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リヨ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ゲ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヤ∠ミ͡ ゅ∠セ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ン∠ギ∇ワぺ∠ (Say: "Each one does according t o Shakilat ihi, and your Lord knows best of him whose pat h is right .'') meaning eit her us or you. Everyone will be rewarded in accordance wit h his deeds, for not hing what soever is hidden from Allah.

ヴあよケ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ゥ ͡ ヱぁゲャや リ ͡ハ ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや リあョ ユ⊥わΒ͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠

(85. And t hey ask you concerning t he Ruh (t he spirit ). Say: "The Ruh (t he spirit ) is one of t he t hings, t he knowledge of which is only wit h my Lord. And of knowledge, you (mankind) have been given only a lit t le.'')

The Ruh (spirit) Al-Bukhari recorded in his Tafsir of t his Ayah t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "While I was walking wit h t he Prophet on a farm, and he was rest ing on a palm-leaf st alk, some Jews passed by. Some of t hem said t o t he ot hers, ` Ask him about t he Ruh.' Some of t hem said, ` What urges you t o ask him about t hat ' Ot hers said, ` Do not ask him, lest he gives you a reply which you do not like.' But t hey said, ` Ask him.' So t hey asked him about t he Ruh. The Prophet kept quiet and did not give t hem an answer, and I knew t hat he was receiving revelat ion, so I st ayed where I was. When t he revelat ion was complet e, t he Prophet said:

びヴあよケ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ゥ ͡ ヱぁゲャや リ ͡ハ ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey ask you concerning t he Ruh (t he spirit ). Say: "The Ruh (t he spirit ) is one of t he t hings, t he knowledge of which is only wit h my Lord...'') This cont ext would seem t o imply t hat t his Ayah was revealed in Al-Madinah, and t hat it was revealed when t he Jews asked him t his quest ion in Al-Madinah, alt hough t he ent ire Surah was revealed in Makkah. This may be answered wit h t he suggest ion t hat t his Ayah may have been revealed t o him in Al-Madinah a second t ime, aft er having previously been revealed in Makkah, or t hat he was divinely inspired t o respond t o t heir quest ion wit h a previously-revealed Ayah, namely t he Ayah in quest ion. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat ` Ikrimah said, "The People of t he Book asked t he Messenger of Allah about t he Ruh, and Allah revealed:

び͡ゥヱぁゲャや リ ͡ハ ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey ask you concerning t he Ruh...) They said, ` You claim t hat we have only a lit t le knowledge, but we have been given t he Tawrah, which is t he Hikmah,

びや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや れ ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and he, t o whom Hikmah is grant ed, is indeed grant ed abundant good.)' ぴ2:269び Then t he Ayah

ゲ⊥ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ュ∀ Κ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ リ͡ョ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∃ゲエ ⊥ ∇よぺ∠ る⊥ バ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ぁギヨ⊥ Α∠ (And if all t he t rees on t he eart h were pens and t he sea (were ink wherewit h t o writ e), wit h seven seas behind it t o add t o it s (supply),) ぴ31:27び was revealed. He said, "What ever knowledge you have been given, if Allah saves you from t he Fire t hereby, t hen it is great and good, but in comparison t o t he knowledge of Allah, it is very lit t le.''

び͡ゥヱぁゲャや リ ͡ハ ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey ask you concerning t he Ruh.) Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "This was when t he Jews said t o t he Prophet , ` Tell us about t he Ruh and how t he Ruh will be punished t hat is in t he body - for t he Ruh is somet hing about which only Allah knows, and t here was no revelat ion concerning it .' He did not answer t hem at all, t hen Jibril came t o him and said:

Ι ｚ ま͡ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや リあョ ユ⊥わΒ͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ び⇔ΚΒ͡ヤホ∠ (Say: "The Ruh (t he spirit ) is one of t he t hings, t he knowledge of which is only wit h my Lord. And of knowledge, you (mankind) have been given only a lit t le.'') So t he Prophet t old t hem about t hat , and t hey said, ` Who t old you t his' He said,

«ぶや ギ͡ ∇レハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヶ͡ル￢∠ ゅ∠ィ» (Jibril brought it t o me from Allah.) They said, ` By Allah, no one has t old you t hat except our enemy ぴi.e., Jibrilび.' Then Allah revealed:

マ ∠ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゴｚ ル∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ モ ∠ Α͡ゲ∇らイ ͡ ャあ や６ヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び͡ヮ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホギあ ダ ∠ ョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ (Say: "Whoever is an enemy t o Jibril (let him die in his fury), for indeed he has brought it (t his Qur'an) down t o your heart by Allah's permission, confirming what came before it .)'' ぴ2:97び

The Ruh and the Nafs As-Suhayili ment ioned t he disput e among t he scholars over whet her t he Ruh is t he same as t he Nafs, or somet hing different . He st at ed t hat it is light and soft , like air, flowing t hrough t he body like wat er t hrough t he veins of a t ree. He st at es t hat t he Ruh which t he angel breat hes int o t he fet us is t he Nafs, provided t hat it j oins t he body and acquires cert ain qualit ies because of it , whet her good or bad. So t hen it is eit her a soul in (complet e) rest and sat isfact ion (89:27) or inclined t o evil (12:53), j ust as wat er is t he life of t he t ree, t hen by mixing wit h it , it produces somet hing else, so t hat if it mixes wit h grapes and t he grapes are t hen squeezed, it becomes j uice or wine. Then it is no longer called wat er, except in a met aphorical sense. Thus we should underst and t he connect ion bet ween Nafs and Ruh; t he Ruh is not called Nafs except when it j oins t he body and is affect ed by it . So in conclusion we may say: t he Ruh is t he origin and essence, and t he Nafs consist s of t he Ruh and it s connect ion t o t he body. So t hey are t he same in one sense but not in anot her. This is a good explanat ion, and Allah knows best . I say: people speak about t he essence of t he Ruh and it s rulings, and many books have been writ t en on t his t opic. One of t he best of t hose who spoke of t his was Al-Hafiz Ibn Mandah in a book which we have heard about t he Ruh.

ギ⊥ イ ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よ リ ｚ ら∠ ワ∠ ∇グレ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ゃセ ͡ リ͡ゃ∠ャ∠ヱぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ツプ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リあョ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ぁイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ⊥ ル͡Ηや ろ ͡ バ∠ ヨ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや リ ͡ ゃ͡ ャｚ モ⊥ホ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んヨ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ モ ͡ ∇んヨ͡ よ͡ ヴ͡プ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ゅ∠レ∇プゲｚ タ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ヰニ ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヴ∠よほ∠プ∠ モ ∃ ん∠ ョ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘミ⊥ (86. And if We willed, We could surely t ake away t hat which We have revealed t o you. Then you would find no prot ect or for you against Us in t hat respect .) (87. Except as a mercy from your Lord. Verily, His grace unt o you is ever great .) (88. Say: "If mankind and t he Jinn were t oget her t o produce t he like of t his Qur'an, t hey could not produce t he like t hereof, even if t hey helped one anot her.'') (89. And indeed We have fully explained t o mankind, in t his Qur'an, every kind of similit ude, but most of mankind refuse (t he t rut h and accept not hing) but disbelief.)

If Allah willed, He could take away the Qur'an Allah ment ions t he blessing and great bount y t hat He has best owed upon His servant and Messenger Muhammad by revealing t o Him t he Noble Qur'an t o which falsehood cannot come, from before it or behind it , (it is) sent down by t he All-Wise, Wort hy of all praise. Ibn Mas` ud said, "A red wind will come t o t he people, meaning at t he end of t ime, from t he direct ion of Syria, and t here will be not hing left in a man's Mushaf (copy of t he Qur'an) or in his heart , not even one Ayah.'' Then Ibn Mas` ud recit ed:

び∠マ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よ リ ｚ ら∠ ワ∠ ∇グレ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ゃセ ͡ リ͡ゃ∠ャ∠ヱぴ (And if We willed, We could surely t ake away t hat which We have revealed t o you.)

Challenging by the Qur'an

Then Allah point s out t he great virt ue of t he Qur'an, and says t hat even if mankind and t he Jinn were all t o come t oget her and agree t o produce somet hing like t hat which was revealed t o His Messenger , t hey would never be able t o do it , even if t hey were t o cooperat e and support and help one anot her. This is somet hing which is impossible. How could t he words of creat ed beings be like t he Words of t he Creat or Who has no equal and peer, for t here is none like unt o Him

び͡サゅｚレヤ͡ャ ゅ∠レ∇プゲｚ タ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed We have fully explained t o man- kind,) meaning, ` We have furnished t hem wit h evidence and defini- t ive proof, and We have shown t hem t he t rut h and explained it in det ail, yet despit e t hat most of mankind insist on disbelief, i.e., denying and rej ect ing t he t rut h.'

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゲ∠ イ ⊥ ∇ヘゎ∠ ヴわｚ ェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ょ ∃ レ∠ ハ ͡ ヱ∠ モ ∃ Β͡ガルｚ リあョ ∀るレｚ ∠ィ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ - ゅ⇔ハヲ⊥ら∇レΑ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや テ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ジゎ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡イ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠⇒∠ヤカ ͡ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゲ∠ イ あ ヘ∠ わ⊥ プ∠ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヘジ ∠ ミ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヨハ ∠ コ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ヴ∠ホ∇ゲゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ フ ∃ ゲ⊥ ∇カコ⊥ リあョ ∀ろ∇Β∠よ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ - Κ ⇔ Β͡らホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴあ レ∠ ゎ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ Βあ ホ͡ ゲ⊥ ャ͡ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャヱ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ や⇔ゲゼ ∠ よ∠ Ι ｚ ま∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇モワ∠ ヴあよケ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ロ⊥ ￢⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ボｚル ゅ⇔よゅ∠わミ͡ びΙ ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ (90. And t hey say: "We shall not believe in you, unt il you cause a spring t o gush fort h from t he eart h for us;'') (91. "Or you have a garden of dat e palms and grapes, and cause rivers t o gush fort h in t heir midst abundant ly;'') (92. "Or you cause t he heaven t o fall upon us in pieces, as you have pret ended, or you bring Allah and t he angels before (us) face t o face;'') (93. "Or you have a house of Zukhruf, or you ascend up int o t he sky, and even t hen we will put no fait h in your ascension unt il you bring down for us a Book t hat we would read.'' Say: "Glorified be my Lord! Am I anyt hing but a man, sent as a Messenger'')

The Demand of Quraysh for a specific Sign, and the Rejection of that Ibn Jarir recorded from Muhammad bin Ishaq, "An old man from among t he people of Egypt who came t o us fort y-odd years ago t old me, from ` Ikrimah, from Ibn ` Abbas, t hat ` Ut bah and Shaybah -- t he t wo sons of Rabi'ah, Abu Sufyan bin Harb, a man from Bani ` Abd Ad-Dar, Abu AlBakht ari -- t he brot her of Bani Asad, Al-Aswad bin Al-Mut t alib bin Asad, Zam` ah bin Al-Aswad,

Al-Walid bin Al-Mughirah, Abu Jahl bin Hisham, ` Abdullah bin Abi Umayyah, Umayyah bin Khalaf, Al-` As bin Wa'il, and Nabih and Munabbih - t he t wo sons of Al-Haj j aj As-Sahmin, gat hered all of t hem or some of t hem behind t he Ka` bah aft er sunset . Some of t hem said t o ot hers, ` Send for Muhammad and t alk wit h him and argue wit h him, so t hat nobody will t hink we are t o blame.' So t hey sent for him saying, ` The nobles of your people have gat hered for you t o speak t o t hem.' So t he Messenger of Allah came quickly, t hinking t hat maybe t hey were going t o change t heir minds, for he was very keen t hat t hey should be guided, and it upset him t o see t heir st ubbornness. So he came and sat wit h t hem, and t hey said, ` O Muhammad, we have sent for you so t hat nobody will t hink we are t o blame. By Allah we do not know any man among t he Arabs who has brought t o his people what you have brought t o your people. You have slandered our forefat hers, crit icized our religion, insult ed our reason, slandered our gods and caused division. There is no obj ect ionable t hing t hat you have not brought bet ween us. If you are preaching t hese t hings because you want wealt h, we will collect some of our wealt h t oget her for you and make you t he wealt hiest man among us.

If you are looking for position, we will make you our leader. If you are looking for kingship, we will make you our king. If what has come to you is a type of Jinn that has possessed you, then we can spend our money looking for the medicine that will rid you of it so that no one will think we are to blame.' The Messenger of Allah said:

ょ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇デぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ゅ∠ョ ∩∠ラヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヶ͡よ ゅ∠ョ ∩∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ フ ∠ ゲ∠ ゼ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ ャ∠や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ∩ゅ⇔よゅ∠わミ͡ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ャヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヶ͡レん∠ バ∠ よ∠ ぶ ∠ やリ ｚ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ピｚヤら∠ プ∠ ∩や⇔ゲΑ͡グル∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡ゼよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヶ͡ルゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヶあレョ͡ やヲ⊥ヤら∠ ∇ボゎ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇エダ ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ヶあよケ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠ャゅ∠シケ͡ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡りゲ∠ カ ͡ べ∇ャや∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ヌ ぁェ ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ヶ͡レ∇Βよ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ユ∠ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠ャ͡ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タぺ∠ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ロ⊥ ヱぁキゲ⊥ ゎ∠ «ユ⊥ムレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ (My case is not as you say. I have not brought what I have brought t o you because I want your wealt h or t o be your leader or king. But Allah has sent me t o you as a Messenger and has revealed t o me a Book and has commanded me t o bring you good news and a warning. So, I have conveyed t o you t he Messages of my Lord and have advised you accordingly. If you accept what I have brought t o you, t hen t his is your good fort une in t his world and t he Hereaft er, but

if you rej ect it , I shall wait pat ient ly for t he command of Allah unt il Allah j udges bet ween me and you.) or words t o t hat effect . They said, ` O Muhammad, if you do not accept what we have offered you, t hen you know t hat t here is no ot her people whose count ry is smaller, whose wealt h is less and whose life is harder t han ours, so ask your Lord Who has sent you wit h what He has sent you, t o move away t hese mount ains for us t hat are const rict ing us, t o make our land wider and cause rivers t o gush fort h in it like t he rivers of Syria and Iraq, and t o resurrect for us t hose of our forefat hers who have passed away.

Let there be among those whom He resurrects Qusayy bin Kilab, for he was a truthful old man, and we will ask them whether what you are saying is true or false. If you do what we are asking, and they (the people who are resurrected) say that you are telling the truth, then we will believe you and acknowledge your status with Allah and believe that He has sent you as a Messenger as you say.' The Messenger of Allah said to them:

ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ぶ ͡ や ギ͡ ∇レハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∩⊥ろん͡バよ⊥ や∠グヰ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ョ» ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ピｚヤよ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ヶ͡レん∠ バ∠ よ∠ ロ⊥ ヱぁキゲ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡りゲ∠ カ ͡ べ∇ャや∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ヌ ぁェ ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤら∠ ∇ボゎ∠ ヶ͡レ∇Βよ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ユ∠ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠ャ͡ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タぺ∠ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ «ユ⊥ムレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ (I was not sent for t his purpose. I have brought t o you from Allah t hat wit h which He has sent me, and I have conveyed t o you t he Message wit h which I was sent t o you. If you accept what I have brought t o you, t hen t his is your good fort une in t his world and t he Hereaft er, but if you rej ect it , I shall wait pat ient ly for t he command of Allah unt il Allah j udges bet ween me and you.) They said, ` If you will not do t his for us, t hen at least do somet hing for yourself. Ask your Lord t o send an angel t o confirm t hat what you are saying is t he t rut h and t o speak up on your behalf. Ask Him t o give you gardens and t reasures and palaces of gold and silver, and t o make you independent so t hat you will not have t o do what we see you doing, for you st and in t he market places seeking provision j ust as we do. Then we will know t he virt ue of your posit ion wit h your Lord and whet her you are a Messenger as you claim.' The Messenger of Allah said t o t hem:

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩や∠グワ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ メ ⊥ ほ∠∇ジΑ∠ ヵ͡グャｚゅ͡よ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ョ ∩∃モハ ͡ ゅ∠ヘよ͡ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ョ» ∩や⇔ゲΑ͡グル∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡ゼよ∠ ヶ͡レん∠ バ∠ よ∠ ぶ ∠ やリ ｚ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩や∠グヰ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥

ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ヌ ぁェ ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ゅ∠ョ やヲ⊥ヤら∠ ∇ボゎ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠ャ͡ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タぺ∠ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ロ⊥ ヱぁキゲ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡りゲ∠ カ ͡ べ∇ャや∠ヱ «マ∠レ∇Β∠よ∠ヱ ヶ͡レ∇Βよ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ユ∠ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ (I will not do t hat , and I will not ask my Lord for t his. I was not sent t o you for t his reason. But Allah has sent me t o you t o bring you good news and a warning. If you accept what I have brought t o you, t hen t his is your good fort une in t his world and t he Hereaft er, but if you rej ect it , I shall wait pat ient ly for t he command of Allah unt il Allah j udges bet ween me and you.) They said, ` Then cause t he sky t o fall upon us, as you claim t hat if your Lord wills, He can do t hat . We will not believe in you unt il you do t his.' The Messenger of Allah said t o t hem:

«マ͡ャク∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ∇ラま͡ ∩͡ぶや ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ » (That is for Allah t o decide. If He wills, He will do t hat t o you.) They said, ` O Muhammad, did your Lord not know t hat we would sit wit h you and ask you what we have asked and make t he request s t hat we have made He should have t old you beforehand and t aught you how t o reply t o us, and informed you what He would do t o us if we do not accept what you have brought t o us. We have heard t hat t he one who is t eaching you t his, is a man in Al-Yamamah called ArRahman. By Allah, we will never believe in Ar-Rahman. We are warning you, O Muhammad, t hat we will not let you do what you want t o do unt il you or we are dest royed.' One of t hem said, ` We worship t he angels who are t he daught ers of Allah.' Anot her said, ` We will never believe in you unt il you bring Allah and t he angels before (us) face t o face.' When t hey said t his, t he Messenger of Allah got up and left t hem. ` Abdullah bin Abi Umayyah bin Al-Mughirah bin ` Abdullah bin ` Umar bin Makhzum, t he son of his pat ernal aunt ` At ikah, t he daught er of ` Abdul-Mut t alib, also got up and followed him. He said t o him, ` O Muhammad, your people have offered you what t hey have offered you, and you did not accept it . Then t hey asked for t hings for t hemselves so t hat t hey would know your posit ion wit h Allah, and you did not do t hat for t hem. Then t hey asked you t o hast en on t he punishment s wit h which you are scaring t hem. By Allah, I will never believe in you unless you t ake a ladder t o heaven and ascend it while I am wat ching, t hen you bring wit h you an open book and four angels t o t est ify t hat you are as you say. By Allah, even if you did t hat , I t hink t hat I would not believe you.' Then he t urned away from t he Messenger of Allah , and t he Messenger of Allah went home t o his family, grieving over having missed out on what he had hoped for when his people had called him, because he saw t hat t hey were resist ing him even more.''

The Reason why the Idolators' Demands were refused In t he case of t his gat hering where t he Quraysh came t oget her t o speak wit h t he Messenger of Allah , if Allah knew t hat t hey were making t hese request s in order t o be guided, t hey would have been grant ed, but He knew t hat t hey were making t hese demands out of disbelief and st ubbornness. It was said t o t he Messenger of Allah , "If you wish, We will give t hem what t hey are asking, but if t hey t hen disbelieve, I will punish t hem wit h a punishment t hat I have never imposed upon anyone else in t he universe; or if you wish, I will open for t hem t he gat e of repent ance and mercy.'' He said:

«る∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや∠ヱ る͡ よ∠ ∇ヲわｚ ャや ゆ ∠ ゅ∠よ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ウ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇モよ∠ » (Rat her, You open for t hem t he gat e of repent ance and mercy.) This is like t he Ayah:

ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲルぁ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レバ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ヌ ∠ プ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ダ ͡ ∇らョ⊥ る∠ ホ∠ ゅｚレャや キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱｚ Ι ｘや び ゅ⇔ヘΑ͡ヲ∇ガゎ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲル⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (And not hing st ops Us from sending t he Ayat but t hat t he people of old denied t hem. And We sent t he she-camel t o Thamud as a clear sign, but t hey did her wrong. And We sent not t he signs except t o warn, and t o make t hem afraid (of dest ruct ion).) (17:59) And Allah says:

ヴ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰャ͡ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ マ ∀ ヤ∠ョ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ Ι∇ヲャ∠ ベ ͡ や∠ヲ∇シΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∀るレｚ ∠ィ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀ゴ∇レ∠ミ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ - や⇔ゲΑ͡グル∠ Κ ⇔ィ ⊥ ケ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ ラ͡ま ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ ⇒∠ん∇ョΙ ｘや マ ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ッ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルや - や⇔ケヲ⊥エ∇ジョｚ ラ͡ま ン͡グャｚや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ - Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲぁヤツ ∠ プ∠ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク リあョ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ∇モよ∠ - や⇔ケヲ⊥ダホ⊥ マ ∠ ャｚ モ∠バ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ び や⇔ゲΒ͡バシ ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャゅよ͡ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャゅ͡よ (And t hey say: "Why does t his Messenger eat food, and walk about in t he market s (as we). Why is not an angel sent down t o him t o be a warner wit h him Or (why) has not a t reasure been grant ed t o him, or why has he not a garden whereof he may eat '' And t he wrongdoers say: "You follow none but a man bewit ched.'' See how t hey coin similit udes for you, so t hey have gone ast ray, and t hey cannot find a pat h. Blessed be He Who, if He wills, will assign you bet t er t han t hat - Gardens under which rivers flow and will assign you palaces. Nay, t hey deny t he Hour, and for t hose who deny t he Hour, We have prepared a flaming Fire.) (25:7-11) Allah's saying,

びゅ⇔ハヲ⊥ら∇レΑ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゲ∠ イ ⊥ ∇ヘゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il you cause a spring t o gush fort h from t he eart h for us) refers t o a spring of flowing wat er. They asked him t o bring fort h springs of fresh wat er in t he land of Al-Hij az, here and t here. This is easy for Allah, may He be glorified and exalt ed; if He willed, He could do t hat . He could have responded t o all t heir demands, but He knew t hat t hey would not be guided by t hat , as He says:

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ユ∠ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る∃ Α∠ や￢ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ (Truly, t hose, against whom t he Word (wrat h) of your Lord has been j ust ified, will not believe. Even if every sign should come t o t hem, unt il t hey see t he painful t orment .) (10:96-97) And Allah says:

ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚミ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ∠ル ゅ∠レルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ ら⊥ ホ⊥ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲ∠ゼ∠ェ∠ヱ (And even if We had sent down unt o t hem angels, and t he dead had spoken unt o t hem, and We had gat hered t oget her all t hings before t heir very eyes, t hey would not have believed) ぴ6:111び His saying;

び∠ろ∇ヨハ ∠ コ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや テ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ジゎ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or you cause t he heaven t o fall upon us in pieces, as you have pret ended,) means, ` you promised us t hat on t he Day of Resurrect ion t he heavens will be split asunder, being broken and t orn up, wit h part s of it falling down, so do t hat in t his world and make it fall in pieces.' This is like when t hey said:

∇ゲト ͡ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ ポ ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ び͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠イェ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (O Allah! If t his (t he Qur'an) is indeed t he t rut h from You, t hen rain down st ones on us from t he sky.) ぴ8:32び Similarly, t he people of Shu` ayb asked him:

リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ヘ∠ジミ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇テボ͡ ∇シほ∠プ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや

(So cause a piece of t he heaven t o fall on us, if you are of t he t rut hful!) (26:187) So Allah punished t hem wit h t he punishment of t he day of Shadow (a gloomy cloud), which was t he t orment of a Great Day. ぴ26:189び As for t he Prophet of Repent ance and Mercy, who was sent as a mercy t o t he worlds, he asked Allah t o delay t heir punishment , in t he hope t hat Allah would bring fort h from t heir offspring people who would worship Allah Alone, wit h no part ner or associat e. This is what indeed did happen, for among t hose who are ment ioned above were some who lat er embraced Islam and became good and sincere Muslims, even ` Abdullah bin Abi Umayyah, who followed t he Prophet (out of t hat meet ing) and spoke t o him as he did. He became a sincere Muslim and t urned t o Allah in repent ance.

び∃フゲ⊥ ∇カコ⊥ リあョ ∀ろ∇Β∠よ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or you have a house of Zukhruf.) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and Qat adah said, "This is gold.'' This was also what was said in t he recit at ion of Ibn Mas` ud, "Or you have a house of gold.''

び͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ヴ∠ホ∇ゲゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or you ascend up int o t he sky,) meaning, you climb up on a ladder while we are wat ching you.

び⊥ロ￢⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ボルｚ ゅ⇔よゅ∠わミ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴあ レ∠ ゎ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ Βあ ホ͡ ゲ⊥ ャ͡ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (and even t hen we will put no fait h in your ascension unt il you bring down for us a Book t hat we would read.) Muj ahid said, "This means a book in which t here would be one page for each person, on which would be t he words: ` This is a book from Allah t o so-and-so t he son of so-andso, which he would find by his head when he woke up in t he morning.''

び⇔Ιヲ⊥シケｚ や⇔ゲゼ ∠ よ∠ Ι ｚ ま∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇モワ∠ ヴあよケ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Glorified be my Lord! Am I anyt hing but a man, sent as a Messenger'') meaning, ` Glorified, exalt ed and sanct ified be He above t he not ion t hat anyone would come before Him concerning any mat t er pert aining t o His aut horit y and sovereignt y. He is t he One Who does what He wills. If He willed, he could have given you what you asked for, or if He willed, he could have refrained. I am only a Messenger t o you, sent t o convey t he Messages of my Lord and advise you. I have done t hat , and t he response t o what you have asked is t o be decided by Allah, may He be glorified.'

Ι ｚ ま͡ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ノ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ モ⊥ホ - Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ や⇔ゲゼ ∠ よ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ∠ぺ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ レ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βあレゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トョ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ ∀る∠ムゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや びΙ ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ ゅ⇔ムヤ∠ョ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ

(94. And not hing prevent ed men from believing when t he guidance came t o t hem, except t hat t hey said: "Has Allah sent a man as (His) Messenger'') (95. Say: "If t here were on t he eart h, angels walking about in peace and securit y, We should cert ainly have sent down for t hem from t he heaven an angel as a Messenger.'')

The refusal of the Idolators to believe because the Messenger was a Human -- and its refutation

び∠サゅｚレャや ノ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And not hing prevent ed men) means, most of t hem,

び∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺぴ (from believing) and following t he Messengers, except t he fact t hat t hey found it st range t hat human beings would be sent as Messengers, as Allah says:

∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅ⇔ら∠イ∠ハ サ ͡ ゅレｚ ヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミぺ∠ぴ ュ∠ ギ∠ ホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ͡ ゼ あ よ∠ ヱ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ケ͡ グ͡ ル∠ぺ び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ベ ∃ ∇ギタ ͡ (Is it a wonder for mankind t hat We have sent Our revelat ion t o a man from among t hemselves (saying): "Warn mankind, and give good news t o t hose who believe t hat t hey shall have wit h t heir Lord t he rewards of t heir good deeds'') ぴ10:2び And Allah says:

∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほゎｚ ろ∠ルゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ びゅ∠レル∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ぺ∠ (That was because t here came t o t hem t heir Messengers wit h clear proofs, but t hey said: "Shall mere men guide us'') ぴ64:6び Fira` wn and his people said:

び∠ラヱ⊥ギら͡ ⇒∠ハ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レヤ͡∇んョ͡ リ ͡ ∇Αゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ャ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ぺ∠ぴ (They said: "Shall we believe in t wo men like ourselves, and t heir people are obedient t o us wit h humilit y!'') ぴ23: 47び Similarly, t he nat ions said t o t heir Messengers:

ゅｚヨ∠ハ ゅ∠ルヱぁギダ ⊥ ∠ゎ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ ゅ∠レヤ⊥∇んョあ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ぴ び∃リΒ͡らョぁ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤジ ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ゅ∠ルぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ("You are no more t han human beings like us! You wish t o t urn us away from what our fat hers used t o worship. Then bring us a clear aut horit y'') ぴ14:10び And t here are many ot her similar Ayat . Then Allah says, point ing out His kindness and mercy t owards His servant s, t hat He sends t o t hem Messengers of t heir own kind so t hat t hey will underst and what he says and will be able t o speak t o him direct ly. If He sent t o mankind a Messenger from among t he angels, t hey would not be able t o deal wit h him face t o face and learn from him, as Allah says:

Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ ∇クま͡ ∠リΒ͡レ͡ョぽ⊥ヨ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ｚ ョ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ (Indeed, Allah conferred a great favor on t he believers when He sent among t hem a Messenger from among t hemselves) ぴ3:164び

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Verily, t here has come unt o you a Messenger from among yourselves) ぴ10:128び

ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αへ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ヨ∠ミぴ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ムヨ⊥ ヤあ∠バΑ⊥ ヱ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Βあミゴ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クぺ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ャ (Similarly, We have sent among you a Messenger of your own, recit ing t o you Our verses (t he Qur'an) and purifying you, and t eaching you t he Book and t he Hikmah, and t eaching you t hat which you used not t o know. Therefore remember Me. I will remember you, and be grat eful t o Me and never be ungrat eful t o Me.) (2:151-152) Allah says here:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ る∀ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ モ⊥ホぴ び∠リΒあレゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トョ⊥ (Say: "If t here were on t he eart h, angels walking about in peace and securit y,) meaning, j ust as you do,

び⇔Ιヲ⊥シケｚ ゅ⇔ムヤ∠ョ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ レ∠ ャ∠ぴ (We should cert ainly have sent down for t hem from t he heaven an angel as a Messenger). meaning, ` one of t heir own kind. But as you are human, We have sent t o you Messengers from yourselves, as a kindness and a mercy.'

ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レ∇Βよ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ (96. Say: "Sufficient is Allah for a wit ness bet ween me and you. Verily, He is Ever t he AllKnower, t he All-Seer of His servant s.'') Allah t ells His Prophet how t o prove t hat what he has brought is t rue, saying t o him t o t ell t hem: "He (Allah) is a wit ness over me and over you. He knows what I have brought t o you. If I were lying t o you, He would t ake revenge on me in t he severest manner,'' as Allah says:

ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠Ε ∠ -モ ͡ Α͡ヱゅ∠ホΙ ｘやヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ヲｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び ∠リΒ͡ゎ∠ヲ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇バト ∠ ボ∠ ャ∠ ｚユを⊥ - リ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (And if he had forged a false saying concerning Us, We surely would have seized him by his right hand, And t hen We cert ainly would have cut off his life art ery.) (69:44-46) Allah said;

びや⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, He is Ever t he All-Knower, t he All-Seer of His servant s.) meaning, He knows best who among t hem deserves blessings, good t reat ment and guidance, and who deserves t o be doomed and led ast ray. He says:

ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∇モヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ギ͡ わ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョｚ ゅ６ヨタ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ムよ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∇ヨハ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ び や⇔ゲΒ͡バシ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ル∇キコ͡ ∇ろら∠ カ ∠ (97. And he whom Allah guides, he is led aright ; and whomever He leaves ast ray can never find helpers ot her t han Him, and We shall gat her t hem t oget her on t he Day of Resurrect ion on t heir faces, blind, dumb and deaf; t heir abode will be Hell; whenever it abat es, We shall increase for t hem t he fierceness of t he Fire.)

Guidance and Misguidance are in the Hands of Allah Allah t ells us how He deals wit h His creat ion and how His rulings are carried out . He t ells us t hat t here is none who can put back His j udgement , for whomever He guides cannot be led ast ray,

び͡ヮル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∇モヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and whomever He leaves ast ray can never find helpers ot her t han Him)t o guide him. As Allah says:

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∇モヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ギ͡ わ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ リ∠ョぴ びや⇔ギセ ͡ ∇ゲョぁ ゅ６Βャ͡ヱ∠ (He whom Allah guides, he is t he right ly-guided; but he whom He sends ast ray, for him you will find no Wali (guiding friend) t o lead him) ぴ18:17び

The Punishment of the People of Misguidance

び∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We shall gat her t hem t oget her on t he Day of Resurrect ion on t heir faces,) Imam Ahmad recorded from Anas bin Malik t hat t he Prophet was asked, "O Messenger of Allah, how will t he people be gat hered on t heir faces'' He said,

∇ラぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ケ͡キゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ゼ∇ョぺ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや» «ユ͡ヰワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ゼ ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ (The One Who made t hem walk on t heir feet is able t o make t hem walk on t heir faces.) It was also report ed (by Al-Bukhari and Muslim) in t he Two Sahihs.

びゅ⇔Β∇ヨハ ⊥ぴ (blind) means, unable t o see.

びゅ⇔ヨ∇ムよ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ

(dumb) means, unable t o speak.

びゅ６ヨタ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (deaf) means, unable t o hear. They will be in t his st at e as a punishment for t he way t hey were in t his world, blind, dumb and deaf t o t he t rut h. This will be t heir recompense when t hey are gat hered on t he Day of Resurrect ion, at t he t ime when t hey need t hese facult ies most of all.

び⊥ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ぴ (t heir abode) means, t heir dest inat ion.

び∇ろら∠ カ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ぴ (will be Hell; whenever it abat es,) Ibn ` Abbas said, "(This means) calms down,'' Muj ahid said, (It means) is ext inguished,''

びや⇔ゲΒ͡バシ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ル∇キコ͡ ぴ (We shall increase for t hem t he fierceness of t he Fire.) meaning, increasing it s flames and heat and coals, as Allah says:

び ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ Α͡ゴルｚ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ ぴ (So t ast e you (t he result s of your evil act ions). No increase shall We give you, except in t orment .) (78:30)

や∠ク￢͡ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ワぼ⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ び や⇔ギΑ͡ギィ ∠ ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をヲ⊥バ∇らヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚル￢͡ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ゎゅ∠プケ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ヌハ ͡ ゅｚレミ⊥ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ペ ∠ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ケ͡キゅ∠ホ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘミ⊥ Ι ｚ ま∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ヴ∠よほ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ｚ Κ ⇔ィ ∠ ぺ∠ (98. That is t heir recompense, because t hey denied Our Ayat and said: "When we are bones and fragment s, shall we really be raised up as a new creat ion'') (99. See t hey not t hat Allah, Who

creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, is able t o creat e t he like of t hem. And He has decreed for t hem an appoint ed t erm, whereof t here is no doubt . But t he wrongdoers refuse but disbelief.)

Allah says: ` This punishment, being resurrected blind, dumb and deaf, is what they deserve, because they disbelieved,

びべ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ぴ (Our Ayat ), i.e., Our proof and evidence, and did not t hink t hat t he resurrect ion could ever happen.'

び⇔ゅわ⇒∠プケ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヌハ ͡ ゅｚレミ⊥ や∠ク￢͡ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (and said: "When we are bones and fragment s...'') meaning, when we have disint egrat ed and our bodies have rot t ed away,

び⇔やギΑ͡ギィ ∠ ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をヲ⊥バ∇らヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚル͡￢∠ぺぴ (shall we really be raised up as a new creat ion) meaning, aft er we have disint egrat ed and disappeared and been absorbed int o t he eart h, will we come back a second t ime Allah est ablished proof against t hem and t old t hem t hat He is able t o do t hat , for He creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, so raising t hem up again is easier for Him t han t hat , as He says:

ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ⊥ ∇ヤガ ∠ ャ∠ぴ び͡サゅｚレャや (The creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h is indeed great er t han t he creat ion of mankind;) ぴ40:57び

れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ∃ キ͡ ゅ∠ボよ͡ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ボ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ よ͡ ヴ ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ びヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや (Do t hey not see t hat Allah, Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, and was not wearied by t heir creat ion, is able t o give life t o t he dead) ぴ46: 33び

ケ∃ ギ͡ ⇒∠ボよ͡ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャ∠や ザ ∠ ∇Β⇒ャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ペ ⊥ ⇒ｚヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ユ⊥ヰヤ∠∇んョ͡ ペ ∠ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ びラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ リ⊥ミ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ (Is not He Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, able t o creat e t he like of t hem Yes, indeed! He is t he All-Knowing Supreme Creat or. Verily, His command, when He int ends a t hing, is only t hat He says t o it , "Be!'' and it is!) (36:81-82) And Allah says here:

れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ペ ∠ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ケ͡キゅ∠ホ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ (See t hey not t hat Allah, Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, is able t o creat e t he like of t hem.) meaning, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, He will recreat e and rest ore t heir bodies, as He creat ed t hem in t he first place.

び͡ヮΒ͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ｚ Κ ⇔ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He has decreed for t hem an appoint ed t erm, whereof t here is no doubt .) means, He has set a t ime for t hem t o be re-creat ed and brought fort h from t heir graves, an appoint ed t ime which must surely come t o pass. As Allah says:

び ∃キヱ⊥ギ∇バョｚ モ ∃ィ ∠Ι ６ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ あカぽ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We delay it only for a t erm (already) fixed.) (11:104)

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ヴ∠よほ∠プ∠ ぴ (But t he wrongdoers refuse) -- aft er t he proof has been est ablished against t hem,

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ヘミ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ ((and accept not hing) but disbelief.) means, t hey persist in t heir falsehood and misguidance.

や⇔クま͡ ヴあよケ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ リ ∠ も͡ へ∠ゴカ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムヤ͡∇ヨゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ヲャｚ モ⊥ホぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥わホ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ベ ͡ ゅ∠ヘル͡Ηや る∠ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ムジ ∠ ∇ョΕ

(100. Say: "If you possessed t he t reasure of t he mercy of my Lord, t hen you would surely hold back for fear of spending, and man is ever miserly!'')

Holding back is Part of Man's Nature Allah says t o His Messenger : "Tell t hem, O Muhammad, even if you had aut horit y over t he t reasures of Allah, you would refrain from spending for fear of exhaust ing it .'' Ibn ` Abbas and Qat adah said, "This means for fear of povert y,'' lest it run out , despit e t he fact t hat it can never be exhaust ed or come t o an end. This is because it is part of your nat ure. So Allah says:

びや⇔ケヲ⊥わホ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and man is ever miserly.) Ibn ` Abbas and Qat adah said: "(This means) st ingy and holding back.'' Allah says:

サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ や⇔ク͡みプ∠ マ ͡ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ル ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ び や⇔ゲΒボ͡ ル∠ (Or have t hey a share in t he dominion Then in t hat case t hey would not give mankind even a Naqira.) (4:53), meaning t hat even if t hey had a share in t he aut horit y of Allah, t hey would not have given anyt hing t o anyone, not even t he amount of a Naqira (speck on t he back of a dat e st one). Allah describes man as he really is, except for t hose whom Allah helps and guides. Miserliness, discont ent and impat ience are human charact erist ics, as Allah says:

ゲぁ ゼ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ｚジョ∠ や∠クま͡ - ゅ⇔ハヲ⊥ヤワ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ リ ∠ Βあヤダ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ - ゅ⇔ハヲ⊥レョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚジョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ハヱ⊥ゴィ ∠ び (Verily, man was creat ed very impat ient ; irrit able when evil t ouches him; and st ingy when good t ouches him. Except t hose who are devot ed t o Salah (prayers). ) (70:19-22). And t here are many ot her such references in t he Qur'an. This is an indicat ion of t he generosit y and kindness of Allah. In t he Two Sahihs it says:

モ ∠ ∇Βヤｚャや ￢⊥ ゅｚエシ ∠ る∀ ボ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ヰツ ⊥ Β͡ピΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ン∠ほ∇ヤョ∠ ぶ ͡ や ギ⊥ Α∠ » れ ͡ や∠ヲヨ∠ ジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ グ⊥ ∇レョ⊥ ペ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∩∠ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ «ヮ͡レΒ͡ヨ∠Α ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヂピ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∠チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ

(Allah's Hand is full and never decreases because of His giving night and day. Do you not see how much He has given since He creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, yet t hat which is in His right hand never decreases.)

ヴ͡レよ∠ ∇メほ∠∇シゅ∠プ れ ∃ ゅ∠レΒあ よ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ノ∠ ∇ジゎ͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ マ ∠ レぁ ニ ⊥Ε ∠ ヴあルま͡ ラ ⊥ ヲ∠ハ∇ゲプ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ろ ∠ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - や⇔ケヲ⊥エ∇ジョ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ ゲ∠ も͡ べ∠ダよ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ラ∠ぺ キ∠ や∠ケほ∠プ∠ - や⇔ケヲ⊥ら∇んョ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ∠ハ∇ゲヘ͡ Α マ ∠ レぁニ ⊥Ε ∠ ヴあル͡ま∠ヱ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ｚョ リ∠ョヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ホゲ∠ ∇ビほ∠プ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ワゴｚ ヘ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ∇やヲ⊥レム⊥ ∇シや モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レら∠ ャ͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ び ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡ヘャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ (101. And indeed We gave Musa nine clear signs. Ask t hen t he Children of Israel, when he came t o t hem, t hen Fir` awn said t o him: "O Musa ! I t hink you are indeed bewit ched.'') (102. He said: "Verily, you know t hat t hese signs have been sent down by none but t he Lord of t he heavens and t he eart h. And I t hink you are indeed, O Fir` awn, doomed t o dest ruct ion!'') (103. So he resolved t o t urn t hem out of t he land. But We drowned him and all who were wit h him.) (104. And We said t o t he Children of Israel aft er him: "Dwell in t he land, t hen, when t he final and t he last promise comes near, We shall bring you alt oget her as mixed crowd.'')

The Nine Signs of Musa Allah t ells us t hat He sent Musa wit h nine clear signs, which provided definit ive proof t hat his prophet hood was real and t hat what he was conveying from t he One Who had sent him t o Fira` wn was t rue. These clear signs were: his st aff, his hand, t he years of famine, t he sea, t he flood, t he locust s, t he lice, t he frogs and t he blood. This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas. Muhammad bin Ka` b said, "They were his hand and his st aff, t he five signs ment ioned in AlA` raf, and dest ruct ion of wealt h and t he rock.'' Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Ash-Sha` bi and Qat adah said: "They are his hand, his st aff, t he years of famine, t he failure of t he crops, t he flood, t he locust s, t he lice, t he frogs and t he blood.''

び∠リΒ͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョぁ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ (Yet t hey remained arrogant , and t hey were of t hose people who were criminals,) ぴ7:133び meaning, despit e all t hese signs and t heir wit nessing of t hem, t hey disbelieved t hem and belied

t hem wrongfully and arrogant ly, alt hough t hey were t hemselves were convinced of t hem, so t hey did not have any effect on t hem. By t he same t oken, (Allah t ells His Messenger here,) ` if We were t o respond t o what t hese people are asking you for, who have said t hat t hey will not believe in you unt il you cause springs t o gush fort h t hroughout t he land for t hem, t hey would not respond or believe except if Allah willed.' As Fira` wn said t o Musa, even t hough he had wit nessed t he signs which he brought ,

びや⇔ケヲ⊥エ∇ジョ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ マ ∠ レぁ ニ ⊥Ε ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ ("O Musa! I t hink you are indeed bewit ched. '') It was said t hat t his meant he t hought he was a sorcerer, but Allah knows best . These nine signs which were ment ioned by t he Imams (scholars) quot ed above are what is referred t o here, and in t he Ayah :

ヴｚャヱ∠ ラ ｘ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ∠ほ∠ミ ゴぁ わ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ゅ∠ワや∠￢ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ポ ∠ ゅ∠ダハ ∠ ペ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ブガ ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ ∇ょボあ バ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ͡よ∇ギョ⊥ ("And t hrow down your st ick!'' But when he saw it moving as if it were a snake, he t urned in flight , and did not look back. (It was said:) "O Musa ! Fear not .'') unt il His saying,

∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ∃ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ノ͡ ∇ジゎ͡ ヴ͡プぴ び∠リΒ͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠プ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ (among t he nine signs (you will t ake) t o Fir` awn and his people. Verily, t hey are a people who are rebellious.) ぴ27:10-12び These Ayat include ment ion of t he st ick and t he hand, and t he rest of t he nine signs are ment ioned in det ail in Surat Al-A` raf. Musa was also given many ot her signs, such as st riking t he rock wit h his st aff and wat er flowing from it , t heir being shaded wit h clouds, manna and quails, and ot her signs which were best owed upon t he Children of Israel aft er t hey had left t he land of Egypt . But here Allah ment ions t he nine signs which were wit nessed by his people in Egypt . These became evidence against t hem, because t hey st ubbornly rej ect ed t hem out of disbelief. So Musa said t o Fira` wn:

れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ろ ∠ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ び∠ゲも͡ べ∠ダよ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ("Verily, you know t hat t hese signs have been sent down by none but t he Lord of t he heavens and t he eart h. ) meaning, as proof and evidence of t he t rut h of what I have brought t o you.

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ら∇んョ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ∠ハ∇ゲヘ͡ Α マ ∠ レぁ ニ ⊥Ε ∠ ヴあルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(And I t hink you are indeed, O Fir` awn, doomed t o dest ruct ion!) i.e., bound t o be dest royed. This was t he view of Muj ahid and Qat adah. Ibn ` Abbas said: "It means cursed.'' Ibn ` Abbas and Ad-Dahhak said:

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ら∇んョ∠ ぴ (doomed t o dest ruct ion.) means defeat ed. As Muj ahid said, "doomed'' includes all of t hese meanings.

The Destruction of Fir` awn and His People

び͡チ∇ケｘΙや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ワゴｚ ヘ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ キ∠ や∠ケほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So he resolved t o t urn t hem out of t he land.) means, he want ed t o expel t hem and drive t hem out .

ヴ͡レら∠ ャ͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ｚョ リ∠ョヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ホゲ∠ ∇ビほ∠プ∠ ぴ び∠チ∇ケｘΙや ∇やヲ⊥レム⊥ ∇シや モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ (But We drowned him and all who were wit h him. And We said t o t he Children of Israel aft er him: "Dwell in t he land...'') This is good news for Muhammad , a foret elling of t he conquest of Makkah, even t hough t his Surah was revealed in Makkah before t he Hij rah. Similarly, t he people of Makkah want ed t o expel t he Prophet from t he cit y, as Allah says in t wo Ayat :

ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガΒ⊥ ャ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ヱぁゴヘ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ (And verily, t hey were about t o fright en you so much as t o drive you out from t he land...) ぴ17:76-77び Hence Allah caused His Messenger t o inherit Makkah, so he ent ered it by force, according t o t he bet t er-known of t he t wo opinions, and he defeat ed it s people t hen out of kindness and generosit y, he let t hem go, j ust as Allah caused t he Children of Israel, who had been oppressed, t o inherit t he land, east and west , and t o inherit t he land of Fir` awn's people, wit h it s farmland, crops and t reasures. As Allah said,

びモ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇をケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (t hus We caused t he Children of Israel t o inherit t hem. ) (26:59). Here Allah says:

チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ∇やヲ⊥レム⊥ ∇シや モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レら∠ ャ͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡ヘャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ (And We said t o t he Children of Israel aft er him: "Dwell in t he land, t hen, when t he final and t he last promise comes near, We shall bring you alt oget her as mixed crowd.'') meaning, all of you, you and your ene mies. Ibn ` Abbas, Qat adah and Ad-Dahhak said, "It means all t oget her.''

Ι ｚ ま͡ ポ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ぴ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ボわ∠ ャ͡ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ホゲ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ルや￢∇ゲホ⊥ ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΑ͡グル∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲゼ あ ら∠ ョ⊥ びΚ ⇔ Α͡ゴ∇レゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャゴｚ ル∠ ヱ∠ ゑ ∃ ∇ムョ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや (105. And wit h t rut h We have sent it down, and wit h t rut h it has descended. And We have sent you as not hing but a bearer of glad t idings, and a warner.) (106. And a Qur'an which We have divided (int o part s), in order t hat you might recit e it t o men at int ervals. And We have revealed it by st ages.)

The Revelation of the Qur'an in Stages Allah t ells us t hat His Book, t he Glorious Qur'an, has been sent wit h t rut h, i.e., it cont ains t he t rut h, as Allah says:

ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ͡ ム͡ ⇒ｚャぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (But Allah bears wit ness t o t hat which He has sent down unt o you; He has sent it down wit h His knowledge, and t he angels bear wit ness) ぴ4:166び meaning, it cont ains t he knowledge which Allah want ed t o t each t o you, wit h His rulings, commands and prohibit ions.

び∠メゴ∠ ル∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ぴ (and wit h t rut h it has descended.) means, "It has been sent down t o you, O Muhammad, preserved and prot ect ed, not cont aminat ed or mixed wit h anyt hing else, wit h not hing added or t aken away. It has come t o you wit h t he t rut h, brought down by one might y in power, t rust wort hy and st rong, one who is obeyed by t he higher group (angels).'

び∠ポゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(And We have sent you) O Muhammad

びや⇔ゲΑ͡グル∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲゼ あ ら∠ ョ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (as not hing but a bearer of glad t idings and a warner). a bearer of glad t idings for t he believers who obey you and a warner t o t he disbelievers who disobey you.

び⊥ロゅ∠レ∇ホゲ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ルや￢∇ゲホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And (it is) a Qur'an which We have divided), The word t ranslat ed here as "We have divided'' may be read in t wo ways. If it is read as "Faraqnahu'', wit h no Shaddah, t he meaning is: ` We have made it depart from Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz t o Bayt Al-` Izzah in t he lowest heaven, t hen it was revealed in st ages t o t he Messenger of Allah, according t o event s, over a period of t went yt hree years.' This was narrat ed by ` Ikrimah from Ibn ` Abbas. It was also narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas read it as "Farraqnahu'', wit h a Shaddah, meaning, ` We revealed it Ayah by Ayah , and have explained it and made it clear.' Hence Allah says:

び͡サゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ボわ∠ ャ͡ぴ (in order t hat you might recit e it t o men), meaning, convey it t o t he people and recit e it t o t hem,

び∃ゑ∇ムョ⊥ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (at int ervals.) meaning slowly.

び⇔ΚΑ͡ゴ∇レゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャゴｚ ∠ル∠ヱぴ (And We have revealed it by st ages.) means, lit t le by lit t le.

ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ - や⇔ギイ ｚシ ⊥ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ホ∇クΚ ｘ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲガ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ や∠クま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥バ∇ヘヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べ∠レよあ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ び ゅ⇔ハヲ⊥ゼカ ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ム∇らΑ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ホ∇クΚ ｘ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲガ ͡ Α∠ ヱ∠ (107. Say: "Believe in it or do not believe (in it ). Verily, t hose who were given knowledge before it , when it is recit ed t o t hem, fall down on t heir chins (faces) in humble prost rat ion.'') (108. And t hey say: "Glory be t o our Lord! Truly, t he promise of our Lord must be fulfilled.'') (109. And t hey fall down on t heir chins (faces) weeping and it increases t heir humilit y.)

Those Who were given Knowledge before truly admit the Qur'an Allah says t o His Prophet Muhammad :

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say) O Muhammad t o t hese disbelievers concerning what you have brought t o t hem of t his Glorious Qur'an:

び∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ぴ ("Believe in it (t he Qur'an) or do not believe (in it ).) meaning, it is all t he same whet her you believe in it or not , for it is t rue in and of it self. It was revealed by Allah, Who ment ioned it previously in t he Books t hat He revealed t o ot her Messengers. Hence He says:

び͡ヮヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who were given knowledge before it ,) meaning right eous people among t he People of t he Book, who adhered t o t heir Books and appreciat ed t hem wit hout dist ort ing t hem.

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ や∠クま͡ぴ (when it is recit ed t o t hem,) means, when t his Qur'an is recit ed t o t hem,

びや⇔ギイ ｚシ ⊥ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ホ∇クΚ ｘ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲガ ͡ Α∠ ぴ (fall down on t heir chins (faces) in humble prost rat ion. ) means, t o Allah, in grat it ude for t he blessing He has best owed on t hem by considering t hem fit t o live unt il t hey met t his Messenger t o whom t his Book was revealed. Hence t hey say:

びべ∠レよあ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ (Glory be t o our Lord!), meaning, t hey ext ol and glorify t heir Lord for His perfect power and for not delaying t he fulfillment of t he promise which He made t hrough His earlier Prophet s, t hat He would send Muhammad . Hence t hey said:

び⇔Ιヲ⊥バ∇ヘヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べ∠レよあ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ (Glory be t o our Lord! Truly, t he promise of our Lord must be fulfilled.)

び∠ラヲ⊥ム∇らΑ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ホ∇クΚ ｘ ャ͡ ∠ラヱぁゲ͡ガ∠Α∠ヱぴ (And t hey fall down on t heir chins (faces) weeping) means, in submission t o Allah, may He be glorified, and in expression of t heir belief and fait h in His Book and His Messenger .

びゅ⇔ハヲ⊥ゼカ ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and it increases t heir humilit y.) means, it increases t hem in fait h and submission. As Allah says:

び ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヲボ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ キ∠ や∠コ ∇や∇ヱギ∠ わ∠ ∇ワや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (While as for t hose who accept guidance, He increases t heir guidance and best ows on t hem t heir Taqwa. ) (47:17).

び∠ラヱぁゲガ ͡ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey fall down) is a descript ion rat her t han an act ion (i.e., t his is a furt her descript ion of t heir humilit y as referred t o in Ayah 107; it does not imply t hat t hey prost rat e t wice).

∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅｚョ ゅ６Α∠ぺ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ゎ͡ Κ∠ダよ͡ ∇ゲヰ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇シΙ ｘ や ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ - Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヒ͡ わ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ろプ͡ ゅ∠ガゎ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∀マΑ͡ゲ∠セ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ユ∠ャヱ∠ や⇔ギャ∠ヱ∠ ∇グガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ び やゲ⇔ Β͡ら∇ムゎ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ゲらあ ミ∠ ヱ∠ メ あ グぁ ャや リ ∠ ョｚ ヴ ｘ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ マ ͡ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや (110. Say: "Invoke Allah or invoke Ar-Rahman (t he Most Gracious), by what ever name you invoke Him (it is t he same), for t o Him belong t he Best Names. And offer your Salah (prayer) neit her aloud nor in a low voice, but follow a way bet ween.) (111. And say: "All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah, Who has not begot t en a son, and Who has no part ner in (His) dominion, nor is He low t o have a support er. And magnify Him wit h all magnificence.'')

To Allah belong the Most Beautiful Names Allah says:

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say) O Muhammad, t o t hese idolat ors who deny t hat Allah possesses t he at t ribut e of mercy and refuse t o call Him Ar-Rahman,

ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅｚョ ゅ６Α∠ぺ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キやぴ びヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇シΙ ｘや ("Invoke Allah or invoke Ar-Rahman (t he Most Gracious), by what ever name you invoke Him (it is t he same), for t o Him belong t he Best Names.) meaning, t here is no difference bet ween calling on Him as Allah or calling on Him as Ar-Rahman, because He has t he Most Beaut iful Names, as He says:

ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠ハ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ り͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ (He is Allah, beside Whom none has t he right t o be worshipped but He t he All-Knower of t he unseen and t he seen. He is t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.) (59:22) Unt il His saying;

れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ Α⊥ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⊥ べ∠ヨ∇シΙ ｘ や ヮ⊥ ャ∠ぴ び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ (To Him belong t he Best Names. All t hat is in t he heavens and t he eart h glorify Him.) ぴ59:24び Makhul report ed t hat one of t he idolat ors heard t he Prophet saying when he was prost rat ing: "O Most Gracious, O Most Merciful.'' The idolat or said, he claims t o pray t o One, but he is praying t o t wo! Then Allah revealed t his Ayah. This was also narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas, and by Ibn Jarir.

The Command to recite neither loudly nor softly

び∠マゎ͡ Κ∠ダよ͡ ∇ゲヰ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And offer your Salah neit her aloud) Imam Ahmad report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "This Ayah was revealed when t he Messenger of Allah was preaching underground in Makkah.''

びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ろプ͡ ゅ∠ガゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ゎ͡ Κ∠ダよ͡ ∇ゲヰ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And offer your Salah neit her aloud nor in a low voice,) Ibn ` Abbas said: "When he prayed wit h his Companions, he would recit e Qur'an loudly, and when t he idolat ors heard t hat , t hey insult ed t he Qur'an, and t he One Who had revealed it and t he one who had brought it . So Allah said t o His Prophet :

び∠マゎ͡ Κ∠ダよ͡ ∇ゲヰ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And offer your Salah (prayer) neit her aloud) means, do not recit e it aloud, lest t he idolat ors hear you and insult t he Qur'an,

びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ろプ͡ ゅ∠ガゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor in a low voice,) means, nor recit e it so quiet ly t hat your companions cannot hear t he Qur'an and learn it from you.

び⇔ΚΒ͡らシ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヒ͡ わ∠ ∇よや∠ヱぴ (but follow a way bet ween. )'' This was also report ed in t he Two Sahihs. Ad-Dahhak also narrat ed somet hing similar from Ibn ` Abbas, and added: "When he migrat ed t o Al-Madinah, t his no longer applied, and he recit ed as he wished.'' Muhammad bin Ishaq said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "When t he Messenger of Allah recit ed Qur'an quiet ly while he was praying, t he (idolat ors) would disperse and refuse t o list en t o him; if one of t hem want ed t o hear some of what he was recit ing in his prayer, he would t ry t o list en wit hout anyone seeing him, because he was afraid of t hem. If he realized t hat anybody knew he was list ening, he would go away lest t hey harm him, so he would st op list ening. If t he Prophet lowered his voice, t hose who want ed t o list en t o his recit at ion could not hear anyt hing, so Allah revealed,

び∠マゎ͡ Κ∠ダよ͡ ∇ゲヰ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And offer your Salah neit her aloud) meaning, do not recit e aloud, lest t hose who want t o list en disperse for fear of at t ract ing unwelcome at t ent ion,

びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ろプ͡ ゅ∠ガゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor in a low voice,) but do not make your voice so soft t hat t he one who is t rying t o list en wit hout being seen cannot hear anyt hing at all. Perhaps he will pay at t ent ion t o some of what he hears and benefit from it .

び⇔ΚΒ͡らシ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヒ͡ わ∠ ∇よや∠ヱぴ (but follow a way bet ween. )'' This was t he view of ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and Qat adah t hat t his Ayah was revealed concerning recit at ion in prayer. It was narrat ed from Ibn Mas` ud: "Do not make it so soft t hat no one can hear it except yourself.''

Declaration of Tawhid

びや⇔ギャ∠ヱ∠ ∇グガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And say: "All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah, Who has not begot t en a son...'') because Allah has st at ed t hat t he Most Beaut iful Names belong t o Him, and has declared Himself t o be above having any fault s or defect s.

ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ユ∠ャヱ∠ や⇔ギ∠ャ∠ヱ ∇グガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡マ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∀マΑ͡ゲ∠セ (And say: "All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah, Who has not begot t en a son, and Who has no part ner in (His) dominion...'') indeed, He is Allah, (t he) One, t he Self-Sufficient Mast er, Who beget s not , nor was He begot t en, and t here is none co-equal or comparable unt o Him.

びあメグぁ ャや リ ∠ ョｚ ヴ ｘ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (nor He is low t o have a support er.) means, He is not so humble or weak t hat He needs t o have a helper or support er or adviser, rat her He Alone, wit h no part ner or associat e, may He be exalt ed, is t he Creat or of all t hings and is t he One Who is running and cont rolling t hem by His will, wit h no part ner or associat e.

びあメグぁ ャや リ ∠ ョｚ ヴ ｘ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (nor He is low t o have a support er).) Muj ahid said: He does not form an alliance wit h anyone, nor does He seek t he support or help of anyone.

びや⇔ゲΒ͡ら∇ムゎ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ゲらあ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And magnify Him wit h all magnificence.) means, glorify and ext ol Him far above what ever t he t ransgressors and aggressors say. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Al-Qurazi used t o say about t his Ayah,

びや⇔ギャ∠ヱ∠ ∇グガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And say: "All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah, Who has not begot t en a son...'') t hat t he Jews and Christ ians said t hat Allah has t aken a son; t he Arabs said, "At Your service, You have no part ner except t he part ner You have, and You possess him and what ever he owns;'' and t he Sabians and Magians said, "If it were not for t he support ers of Allah, He would be weak.'' Then Allah revealed t his Ayah :

ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ユ∠ャヱ∠ や⇔ギ∠ャ∠ヱ ∇グガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ メ あ グぁ ャや リ ∠ ョｚ ヴ ｘ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ マ ͡ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∀マΑ͡ゲ∠セ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ら∇ムゎ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ゲらあ ミ∠ ヱ∠ (And say: "All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah, Who has not begot t en a son, and Who has no part ner in (His) dominion, nor is He low t o have a support er. And magnify Him wit h all magnificence.'') End of Tafsir Surah Subhan ぴSurat Al-Isra'び. And t o Allah be t he praise and blessings.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Kahf (Chapter - 18) Which was revealed in Makkah What has been mentioned about the Virtues of this Surah and the first and last ten Ayat, which provide protection from the Dajjal Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Al-Bara' said: "A man recit ed Al-Kahf and t here was an animal in t he house which began act ing in a nervous manner. He looked, and saw a fog or cloud overhead. He ment ioned t his t o t he Prophet , who said:

∇ヱぺ∠ ラ ͡ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ メ ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇レゎ∠ る⊥ レ∠ Β͡ムジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰルｚ ͡み∠プ ∩⊥ラゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ∇ぺゲ∠ ∇ホや» «ラへ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ∇ろャ∠ゴｚ レ∠ ゎ∠ (Keep on recit ing so and so, for t his is t he t ranquillit y which descends when one reads Qur'an or because of reading Qur'an;) This was also recorded in t he Two Sahihs. This man who recit ed it was Usayd bin Al-Hudayr, as we have previously ment ioned in our Tafsir of Surat Al-Baqarah. Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Ad-Darda' t hat t he Prophet said:

ブ ͡ ∇ヰム∠ ∇ャや り͡ ケ∠ ヲ⊥シ メ ͡ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ れ ∃ ゅ∠Αへ ゲ∠ ∇ゼハ ∠ ナ ∠ ヘ͡ ェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «メゅｚィギｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ∠ ダ ͡ ハ ⊥ (Whoever memorizes t en Ayat from t he beginning of Surat Al-Kahf will be prot ect ed from t he Daj j al.) This was also recorded by Muslim, Abu Dawud, An-Nasa'i and At -Tirmidhi. According t o t he version recorded by At -Tirmidhi,

«ブ∇ヰム∠ ∇ャや メ ͡ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ れ ∃ ゅ∠Αへ ゐ ∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ナ ∠ ヘ͡ ェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ »

(Whoever memorizes t hree Ayat from t he beginning of Al-Kahf.) He said, it is "Hasan Sahih. '' In his Must adrak, Al-Hakim recorded from Abu Sa` id t hat t he Prophet said:

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ッぺ∠ る͡ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡プ ブ ͡ ∇ヰム∠ ∇ャや り∠ ケ∠ ヲ⊥シ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ホ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «リ∇Βわ∠ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ケ͡ ヲぁレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ (Whoever recit es Surat Al-Kahf on Friday, it will illuminat e him wit h light from one Friday t o t he next .) Then he said: "This Hadit h has a Sahih chain, but t hey (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) did not record it .'' Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bayhaqi also recorded it in his Sunan from Al-Hakim, t hen he narrat ed wit h his own chain t hat t he Prophet said:

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∩∇ろャ∠ゴ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ブ ͡ ∇ヰム∠ ∇ャや り∠ ケ∠ ヲ⊥シ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ホ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル (Whoever recit es Surat Al-Kahf as it was revealed, it will be a light for him on t he Day of Resurrect ion.)

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ ヮ⊥ ∇ルギ⊥ ｚャ リあョ や⇔ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ゅ⇔シ∇ほよ∠ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇レΒ⊥ ャあ ゅ⇔ヨあΒホ∠ - ゅ∠ィヲ∠ ハ ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ∠バ∇イΑ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ゼ あ ら∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ケ∠ グ͡ ∇レΑ⊥ ヱ∠ - や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ リ ∠ Β͡んミ͡ ゅｚョ - ゅ⇔レジ ∠ェ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚョ - や⇔ギ∠ャ∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ͡ま ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ や∠ヲ∇プぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇れゲ∠ ら⊥ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠よΙ ∠ び ゅ⇔よグ͡ ミ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ (1. All praise is due t o Allah, Who has sent down t o His servant t he Book, and has not placed t herein any crookedness.) (2. (He has made it ) st raight t o give warning of a severe punishment from Him, and t o give good news t o t he believers, who do right eous deeds, t hat t hey shall have a fair reward.) (3. They shall abide t herein forever.) (4. And t o warn t hose who say, "Allah has

begot t en a child.'') (5. No knowledge have t hey of such a t hing, nor had t heir fat hers. Might y is t he word t hat comes out of t heir mout hs. They ut t er not hing but a lie.)

The Revelation of the Qur'an brings both Good News and a Warning In t he beginning of t his Tafsir, we ment ioned t hat Allah, praises His Holy Self at t he beginning and end of mat t ers, for He is t he One t o be praised in all circumst ances, all praise and t hanks be t o Him, in t he beginning and in t he end. He praises Himself for revealing His Might y Book t o His Noble Messenger Muhammad , which is t he great est blessing t hat Allah has grant ed t he people of t his eart h. Through t he Qur'an, He brings t hem out of t he darkness int o light . He has made it a Book t hat is st raight , neit her dist ort ed nor confusion t herein. It clearly guides t o a st raight pat h, plain and manifest , giving a warning t o t he disbelievers and good news t o t he believers. This is why Allah says:

びゅ∠ィヲ∠ ハ ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ∠バ∇イΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and has not placed t herein any crookedness.) meaning, t here is not hing t wist ed or confusing about it . But He has made it balanced and st raight forward as He said;

び⇔ゅヨあΒホ∠ ぴ ((He has made it ) st raight ), meaning st raight forward,

び⊥ヮ∇ルギ⊥ ャｚ リあョ や⇔ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ゅ⇔シ∇ほよ∠ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇レΒ⊥ ャあぴ (t o give warning of a severe punishment from Him,) meaning, t o t hose who oppose His Prophet and disbelieve in His Book, He issues a warning of severe punishment hast ened in t his world and post poned t o t he world Hereaft er.

び⊥ヮ∇ルギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョぴ (from Him) means, from Allah. For none can punish as He punishes and none is st ronger or more reliable t han Him.

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ あゼら∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t o give good news t o t he believers,) means, t hose who believe in t his Qur'an and confirm t heir fait h by right eous act ions.

びゅ⇔レジ ∠ェ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ぴ (t hat t hey shall have a fair reward.) means, a beaut iful reward from Allah.

び͡ヮΒ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡んミ͡ ゅｚョぴ (They shall abide t herein) means, in what Allah rewards t hem wit h, and t hat is Paradise, where t hey will live forever.

びや⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (forever.) means, for always, never ending or ceasing t o be.

び や⇔ギ∠ャ∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ケ∠ グ͡ ∇レΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t o warn t hose who say, "Allah has begot t en a child.'') Ibn Ishaq said: "These are t he pagan Arabs, who said, ` We worship t he angels who are t he daught ers of Allah.'''

び∃ユ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (No knowledge have t hey of such a t hing, ) meaning, t his t hing t hat t hey have fabricat ed and made up.

び∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠よΙ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor had t heir fat hers.) meaning, t heir predecessors.

び⇔るヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇れゲ∠ ら⊥ ミ∠ ぴ (Might y is t he word) This highlight s t he seriousness and enormit y of t he lie t hey have made up. Allah says:

び∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ や∠ヲ∇プぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇れゲ∠ ら⊥ ミ∠ ぴ (Might y is t he word t hat comes out of t heir mout hs.) meaning, it has no basis apart from what t hey say, and t hey have no evidence for it apart from t heir own lies and fabricat ions. Hence Allah says:

びゅ⇔よグ͡ ミ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ͡まぴ (They ut t er not hing but a lie.)

Reason why this Surah was revealed

Muhammad bin Ishaq ment ioned t he reason why t his Surah was revealed. He said t hat an old man from among t he people of Egypt who came t o t hem some fort y-odd years ago t old him, from ` Ikrimah t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "The Quraysh sent An-Nadr bin Al-Harit h and ` Uqbah bin Abi Mu` it t o t he Jewish rabbis in Al-Madinah, and t old t hem: ` Ask t hem (t he rabbis) about Muhammad, and describe him t o t hem, and t ell t hem what he is saying. They are t he people of t he first Book, and t hey have more knowledge of t he Prophet s t han we do.' So t hey set out and when t hey reached Al-Madinah, t hey asked t he Jewish rabbis about t he Messenger of Allah . They described him t o t hem and t old t hem some of what he had said. They said, ` You are t he people of t he Tawrah and we have come t o you so t hat you can t ell us about t his companion of ours.' They (t he rabbis) said, ` Ask him about t hree t hings which we will t ell you t o ask, and if he answers t hem t hen he is a Prophet who has been sent (by Allah); if he does not , t hen he is saying t hings t hat are not t rue, in which case how you will deal wit h him will be up t o you. Ask him about some young men in ancient t imes, what was t heir st ory For t heirs is a st range and wondrous t ale. Ask him about a man who t ravelled a great deal and reached t he east and t he west of t he eart h. What was his st ory And ask him about t he Ruh (soul or spirit ) -- what is it If he t ells you about t hese t hings, t hen he is a Prophet , so follow him, but if he does not t ell you, t hen he is a man who is making t hings up, so deal wit h him as you see fit .' So An-Nadr and ` Uqbah left and came back t o t he Quraysh, and said: ` O people of Quraysh, we have come t o you wit h a decisive solut ion which will put an end t o t he problem bet ween you and Muhammad. The Jewish rabbis t old us t o ask him about some mat t ers,' and t hey t old t he Quraysh what t hey were. Then t hey came t o t he Messenger of Allah and said, ` O Muhammad, t ell us,' and t hey asked him about t he t hings t hey had been t old t o ask. The Messenger of Allah said,

«ヮ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ や⇔ギビ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ら͡ ∇カぺ⊥» (I will t ell you t omorrow about what you have asked me.) but he did not say ` If Allah wills.' So t hey went away, and t he Messenger of Allah st ayed for fift een days wit hout any revelat ion from Allah concerning t hat , and Jibril, peace be upon him, did not come t o him eit her. The people of Makkah st art ed t o doubt him, and said, ` Muhammad promised t o t ell us t he next day, and now fift een days have gone by and he has not t old us anyt hing in response t o t he quest ions we asked.' The Messenger of Allah felt sad because of t he delay in revelat ion, and was grieved by what t he people of Makkah were saying about him. Then Jibril came t o him from Allah wit h t he Surah about t he companions of Al-Kahf, which also cont ained a rebuke for feeling sad about t he idolat ors. The Surah also t old him about t he t hings t hey had asked him about , t he young men and t he t raveler. The quest ion about t he Ruh was answered in t he Ayah;

び⊥ゥヱぁゲャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ゥ ͡ ヱぁゲャや リ ͡ハ ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey ask you concerning t he Ruh (t he spirit ); say: "The Ruh...'') ぴ17:85び.

∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡ま ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠をや∠￢ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヘルｚ ∀ノ͡ガ⇒∠よ マ ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚル͡ま - ゅ⇔ヘ∠シぺ∠ ゑ ͡ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ - Κ ⇔ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ユ⊥ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らレ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヰャｚ る⇔ レ∠ Αコ͡ び や⇔コ⊥ゲィ ⊥ や⇔ギΒ͡バタ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤハ ͡ ゅ∠イャ∠

(6. Perhaps, you would kill yourself in grief, over t heir foot st eps, because t hey believe not in t his narrat ion.) (7. Verily, we have made t hat which is on eart h an adornment for it , in order t hat We may t est which of t hem are best in deeds.) (8. And verily, We shall make all t hat is on it bare, dry soil.)

Do not feel sorry because the Idolators do not believe Allah consoles His Messenger for his sorrow over the idolators because they would not believe and keep away from him. He also said:

び∃れゲ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ジ ⊥ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ょワ∠ ∇グゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So dest roy not yourself in sorrow for t hem.) ぴ35:8び

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ラゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And grieve not over t hem.) ぴ16:127び

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヘルｚ ∀ノ͡ガ⇒∠よ マ ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (It may be t hat you are going t o kill yourself wit h grief, t hat t hey do not become believers.) ぴ26:3び meaning, maybe you will dest roy yourself wit h your grief over t hem. Allah says:

∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡ま ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠をや∠￢ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヘルｚ ∀ノ͡ガ⇒∠よ マ ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ び͡ゑΑ͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ (Perhaps, you would kill yourself in grief, over t heir foot st eps, because t hey believe not in t his narrat ion.) meaning t he Qur'an.

び⇔ゅヘ∠シぺ∠ぴ (in grief) Allah is saying, ` do not dest roy yourself wit h regret .' Qat adah said: "killing yourself wit h anger and grief over t hem.'' Muj ahid said: "wit h anxiet y.'' These are synonymous, so t he meaning is: ` Do not feel sorry for t hem, j ust convey t he Message of Allah t o t hem. Whoever goes t he right way, t hen he goes t he right way only for t he benefit of himself. And whoever goes ast ray, t hen he st rays at his own loss, so do not dest roy yourself in sorrow for t hem.'

This World is the Place of Trial Then Allah tells us that He has made this world a temporary abode, adorned with transient beauty, and He made it a place of trial, not a place of settlement. So He says:

ユ⊥ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らレ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヰャｚ る⇔ レ∠ Α͡コ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ びΚ ⇔ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ (Verily, we have made t hat which is on eart h an adornment for it , in order t hat We may t est which of t hem are best in deeds.) Abu Maslamah narrat ed from Abu Nadrah from Abu Sa` id t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ヘ⊥ ヤ͡∇ガわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩∀りゲ∠ ツ ͡ カ ∠ ∀り∠ヲ∇ヤェ ⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» ∩∠￢ゅ∠ジレあャや やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ∩ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ ∩∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ や∠クゅ∠ョ ∀ゲニ ͡ ゅ∠レプ∠ «￢ゅ∠ジレあ ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ モ ∠ Β͡もや∠ゲ∇シま͡ ヶ͡レよ∠ る͡ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ (This world is sweet and green, and Allah makes you generat ions succeeding one anot her, so He is wat ching what you will do. Beware of (t he beguilement s of) t his world and beware of women, for t he first afflict ion t hat Children of Israel suffered from was t hat of women.) Then Allah t ells us t hat t his world will pass away and come t o an end, as He says:

び ⇔やコ⊥ゲィ ⊥ や⇔ギΒ͡バタ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤハ ͡ ゅ∠イャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, We shall make all t hat is on it bare, dry soil.) means, ` aft er having adorned it , We will dest roy it and make everyt hing on it bare and dry, wit h no veget at ion or any ot her benefit .' Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat t his means everyt hing on it would be wiped out and dest royed. Muj ahid said: "a dry and barren plain.'' Qat adah said, "A plain on which t here are no t rees or veget at ion.''

∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ユ͡ Β͡ホゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ブ ͡ ∇ヰム∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇らジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ ブ ͡ ∇ヰム∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ る⊥ Β∠ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャや ン∠ヱぺ∠ ∇クま͡ - ゅ⇔ら∠イ∠ハ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇￢ヴあΒワ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ マ ∠ ル⊥ギャｚ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レゎ͡ や∠￢ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ブ ͡ ∇ヰム∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ や∠クや∠￢ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇よゲ∠ ツ ∠ プ∠ - や⇔ギセ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ゴエ ͡ ャや ヵ ぁ ぺ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バレ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ん∠バ∠よ ｚユを⊥ - や⇔キギ∠ ハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レシ ͡ び や⇔ギョ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥んら͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ヴ∠ダ∇ェ∠ぺ (9. Do you t hink t hat t he people of Al-Kahf and Ar-Raqim were a wonder among Our signs) (10. When t he young men fled for refuge t o Al-Kahf. They said: "Our Lord! Best ow on us mercy from

Yourself, and facilit at e for us our affair in t he right way!'') (11. Therefore, We covered up t heir hearing in Al-Kahf for a number of years.) (12. Then We raised t hem up, t hat We might t est which of t he t wo part ies was best at calculat ing t he t ime period t hey t arried.)

The Story of the People of Al-Kahf Here Allah tells us about the story of the people of Al-Kahf in brief and general terms, then He explains it in more detail. He says:

び∠ろ∇らジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Do you t hink) -- O Muhammad --

ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ユ͡ Β͡ホゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ブ ͡ ∇ヰム∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ぴ びゅ⇔らイ ∠ハ ∠ (t hat t he people of Al-Kahf and Ar-Raqim were a wonder among Our signs) meaning, t heir case was not somet hing amazing compared t o Our power and abilit y, for t he creat ion of t he heavens and eart h, t he alt ernat ion of night and day and t he subj ugat ion of t he sun, moon and heavenly bodies, and ot her might y signs indicat e t he great power of Allah and show t hat He is able t o do what ever He wills. He is not incapable of doing more amazing t hings t han t he st ory of t he people of t he Cave. Similarly, Ibn Jurayj report ed Muj ahid saying about ,

∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ユ͡ Β͡ホゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ブ ͡ ∇ヰム∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇らジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ び ゅ⇔ら∠イ∠ハ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ (Do you t hink t hat t he people of Al-Kahf and Ar-Raqim were a wonder among Our signs) "Among Our signs are t hings t hat are more amazing t han t his.'' Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said:

∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ユ͡ Β͡ホゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ブ ͡ ∇ヰム∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇らジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ び ゅ⇔ら∠イ∠ハ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ (Do you t hink t hat t he people of Al-Kahf and Ar-Raqim were a wonder among Our signs) "What I have given t o you of knowledge, t he Sunnah and t he Book is far bet t er t han t he st ory of t he people of Al-Kahf and Ar-Raqim.'' Muhammad bin Ishaq said: "(It means) I have not shown My creat ures a proof more amazing t han t he st ory of t he people of t he Al-Kahf and Ar-Raqim.'' iAlKahf refers t o a cave in a mount ain, which is where t he young men sought refuge. Wit h regard t o t he word Ar-Raqim, Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat it is a valley near Aylah. This was also said ぴin anot her narrat ionび by ` At iyah Al-` Awfi and Qat adah. Ad-Dahhak said: "As for Al-Kahf, it is a cave in t he valley, and Ar-Raqim is t he name of t he valley.'' Muj ahid said, "ArRaqim refers t o t heir buildings.'' Ot hers said it refers t o t he valley in which t heir cave was.

` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about Ar-Raqim: "Ka` b used t o say t hat it was t he t own.'' Ibn Jurayj report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Ar-Raqim is t he mount ain in which t he cave was.'' Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "Ar-Raqim is a t ablet of st one on which t hey wrot e t he st ory of t he people of t he Cave, t hen t hey placed it at t he ent rance t o t he Cave.''

リ͡ョ ゅ∠レゎ͡ や∠￢ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ブ ͡ ∇ヰム∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ る⊥ Β∠ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャや ン∠ヱぺ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ び や⇔ギセ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇￢ヴあΒワ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ マ ∠ ル⊥ギャｚ ((Remember) when t he young men fled for refuge t o Al-Kahf. They said: "Our Lord! Best ow on us mercy from Yourself, and facilit at e for us our affair in t he right way!'') Here Allah t ells us about t hose young men who fled from t heir people for t he sake of t heir religion, fearing persecut ion. So t hey fled t aking refuge in t he cave of a mount ain, where t hey hid from t heir people. When t hey ent ered t he cave, t hey asked Allah t o show mercy and kindness t owards t hem,

び⇔るヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ マ ∠ ル⊥ギャｚ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レゎ͡ や∠￢ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! Best ow on us mercy from Yourself,) meaning, ` give us Your mercy and conceal us from our people.'

びや⇔ギセ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇￢ヴあΒワ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and facilit at e for us our affair in t he right way.) means, direct our mat t er well, i.e., grant us a good end. As was report ed in t he Hadit h:

ヮ⊥ わ∠ ら∠ ホ͡ ゅ∠ハ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プ ￢∃ ゅ∠ツホ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ろ ∠ ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ » «や⇔ギセ ∠ ケ∠ (What ever You have decreed for us, make it s consequences good).

び や⇔キギ∠ ハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レシ ͡ ブ ͡ ∇ヰム∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ や∠クや∠￢ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇よゲ∠ ツ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Therefore, We covered up t heir hearing in t he cave for a number of years.) meaning, ` We caused t hem t o sleep when t hey ent ered t he cave, and t hey slept for many years.'

び∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then We raised t hem up) from t hat slumber, and one of t hem went out wit h his Dirhams (silver coins) t o buy t hem some food, as it will be discussed in more det ail below. Allah says:

び͡リ∇Βよ∠ ∇ゴエ ͡ ャや ヵ ぁ ぺ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バレ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then We raised t hem up, t hat We might t est which of t he t wo part ies) meaning, t he t wo part ies who disput ed about t hem,

びや⇔ギョ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥んら͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ヴ∠ダ∇ェ∠ぺぴ (was best at calculat ing t he t ime period t hat t hey t arried.) It was said t hat t his refers t o how long t hey st ayed in t he cave.

∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ る∀ Β∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ワほ∠ら∠ ル マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぁゾボ⊥ ル∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ぴ ∇クま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇トよ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ - ン⇔ギワ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇キコ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ リ∠ャ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ - ゅ⇔トト ∠セ ∠ や⇔クま͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒ャ͡ま ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ∠ ハ ⊥ ∇ギルｚ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャｚ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ∇グ∠ガゎｚ や ゅ∠レョ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや リ ͡ ヨｚ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ リ ∃ Βあ よ∠ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤジ ⊥ よ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや Ι ｚ ま∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ャゴ∠ わ∠ ∇ハや ク͡ ま͡ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔よグ͡ ミ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リあョ ユ⊥ムよぁ ケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲゼ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ブ ͡ ∇ヰム∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ヱ∇ほプ∠ び ゅ⇔ボプ∠ ∇ゲョあ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇￢ヴあΒヰ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ (13. We narrat e unt o you t heir st ory wit h t rut h: Truly, t hey were young men who believed in t heir Lord (Allah), and We increased t hem in guidance.) (14. And We made t heir heart s firm and st rong when t hey st ood up and said: "Our Lord is t he Lord of t he heavens and t he eart h, never shall we call upon any god ot her t han Him; if we did, we should indeed have ut t ered an enormit y in disbelief.) (15. These our people have t aken for worship gods ot her t han Him. Why do t hey not bring for t hem a clear aut horit y And who does more wrong t han he who invent s a lie against Allah.) (16. (The young men said t o one anot her:) "And when you wit hdraw from t hem, and t hat which t hey worship, except Allah, t hen seek refuge in t he cave; your Lord will open a way for you from His mercy and will make easy for you your affair.'')

Their Belief in Allah and their Retreat from their People From here Allah begins t o explain t he st ory in det ail. He st at es t hat t hey were boys or young men, and t hat t hey were more accept ing of t he t rut h and more guided t han t he elders who had

become st ubbornly set in t heir ways and clung t o t he religion of falsehood. For t he same reason, most of t hose who responded t o Allah and His Messenger were young people. As for t he elders of Quraysh, most of t hem kept t o t heir religion and only a few of t hem became Muslims. So Allah t ells us t hat t he people of t he cave were young men. Muj ahid said, "I was informed t hat some of t hem wore some kind of earrings, t hen Allah guided t hem and inspired t hem t o fear Him, so t hey recognized His Oneness, and bore wit ness t hat t here is no god besides Him.''

びン⇔ギワ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇キコ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We increased t hem in guidance.) From t his and ot her similar Ayat , several scholars, such as Al-Bukhari and ot hers, underst ood t hat fait h may increase, t hat it may vary in degrees, and t hat it may fluct uat e. Allah says:

びン⇔ギワ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇キコ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We increased t hem in guidance.) as He said elsewhere:

び ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヲボ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ キ∠ や∠コ ∇や∇ヱギ∠ わ∠ ∇ワや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (While as for t hose who accept guidance, He increases t heir guidance and best ows on t hem t heir Taqwa.) ぴ47:17び

∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ や∠ゴプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (As for t hose who believe, it has increased t heir fait h, and t hey rej oice.) ぴ9:124び,

び∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ノ∠ ョｚ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇やヱ⊥キや∠キ∇ゴΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ (...t hat t hey may grow more in fait h along wit h t heir (present ) fait h.) ぴ48:4び There are ot her Ayat indicat ing t he same t hing. It has been ment ioned t hat t hey were followers of t he religion of Al-Masih ` Isa, ` Isa bin Maryam, but Allah knows best . It seems t hat t hey lived before t he t ime of Christ ianit y alt oget her, because if t hey had been Christ ians, t he Jewish rabbis would not have cared about preserving because of t heir differences. We have ment ioned above t he report from Ibn ` Abbas t hat t he Quraysh sent a message t o t he Jewish rabbis in Al-Madinah t o ask t hem for t hings wit h which t hey could t est t he Messenger of Allah , and t hey t old t hem t o ask him about t hese young men, and about Dhul-Qarnayn (t he man who t raveled much) and about t he Ruh. This indicat es t hat t his st ory was somet hing recorded in t he books of t he People of t he Book, and t hat it came before Christ ianit y. And Allah knows best .

ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇トよ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (And We made t heir heart s firm and st rong when t hey st ood up and said: "Our Lord is t he Lord of t he heavens and t he eart h,) Here Allah is saying: ` We gave t hem t he pat ience t o go against t heir people and t heir cit y, and t o leave behind t he life of luxury and ease t hat t hey had been living.' Several of t he earlier and lat er Tafsir scholars have ment ioned t hat t hey were sons of t he kings and leaders of Byzant ium, and t hat t hey went out one day t o one of t he fest ivals of t heir people. They used t o gat her once a year out side t he cit y, and t hey would worship idols and offer sacrifices t o t hem. They had an arrogant , t yrannical king who was called Decianus, who commanded and encouraged t he people t o do t hat . When t he people went out t o at t end t his gat hering, t hese young men went out wit h t heir fat hers and t heir people, and when t hey saw t heir people's act ions wit h clear insight , t hey realized t hat t he prost rat ions and sacrifices t he people were offering t o t heir idols should only be dedicat ed t o Allah, Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h. Each of t hem st art ed t o wit hdraw from his people and keep aloof from t hem. The first one of t hem t o move away on his own went and sat in t he shade of a t ree, t hen anot her came and sat wit h him, t hen anot her came and sat wit h t hem, t hen four more followed suit one by one. None of t hem knew t he ot hers, but t hey were brought t oget her by t he One Who inst illed fait h in t heir heart s. As it says in t he Hadit h recorded by Al-Bukhari wit h an incomplet e chain of narrat ors from ` A'ishah (may Allah be pleased wit h her), t he Messenger of Allah said:

ブ ∠ ヤ∠わ∠ ∇もや ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ フ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∩∀りギ∠ レｚ イ ∠ ョ⊥ ∀キヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ゥ ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ケほ∠∇ャや» «ブ∠ヤわ∠ ∇カや ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠レゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (Souls are like recruit ed soldiers. Those t hat recognize one anot her will come t oget her, and t hose t hat do not recognize one anot her will t urn away from each anot her). Muslim also recorded t his in his Sahih from t he Hadit h of Suhayl from his fat her from Abu Hurayrah from t he Messenger of Allah . People say t hat similar qualit ies or charact erist ics are what bring people t oget her. So each of t he young men was t rying t o conceal what he really believed from t he ot hers, out of fear of t hem, not knowing t hat t hey were like him. Then one of t hem said, "O people, you know by Allah t hat only one t hing is making you leave your people and isolat e yourselves from t hem, so let each one of you say what it is in his case.'' Anot her said, "As for me, by Allah I saw what my people are doing and I realized t hat it was false, and t hat t he only One Who deserves t o be worshipped Alone wit h out part ner or associat e is Allah Who creat ed everyt hing, t he heavens, t he eart h and everyt hing in bet ween.'' Anot her said, "By Allah, t he same t hing happened t o me.'' The ot hers said t he same, and t hey all agreed and became brot hers in fait h. They adopt ed a part icular locat ion as a place of worship and began worshipping Allah t here, but t heir people found out about t hem and t old t heir king about t hem. The king ordered t hem t o appear before him, and asked t hem about t heir beliefs. They t old him t he t rut h and called him t o Allah, as Allah says about t hem:

ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇トよ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び⇔ゅヰ⇒ャ͡ま ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ∠ ハ ⊥ ∇ギルｚ リ∠ャ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや

(And We made t heir heart s firm and st rong when t hey st ood up and said: "Our Lord is t he Lord of t he heavens and t he eart h, never shall we call upon any god ot her t han Him...'') "Never" (Lan) implies an absolut e and et ernal negat ion, meaning, ` t his will never happen, and if we were t o do t hat it would be false.' So Allah says about t hem:

びゅ⇔トト ∠セ ∠ や⇔クま͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ (...if we did, we should indeed have ut t ered an enormit y in disbelief.) meaning, unt rut h and ut t er falsehood.

Ι ∠ ∇ヲャｚ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ∇グ∠ガゎｚ や ゅ∠レョ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワぴ び∃リΒあ よ∠ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤジ ⊥ よ͡ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ (These, our people, have t aken for worship gods ot her t han Him (Allah). Why do t hey not bring for t hem a clear aut horit y) meaning, why do t hey not produce some clear evidence and genuine proof for t heir behavior

びゅ⇔よグ͡ ミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや リ ͡ ヨｚ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (And who does more wrong t han he who invent s a lie against Allah.) They said: ` but by saying t hat t hey are lying t ransgressors.' It was said t hat when t hey called t heir king t o believe in Allah, he refused, and warned and t hreat ened t hem. He commanded t hem t o be st ripped of t heir clot hing bearing t he adornment s of t heir people, t hen he gave t hem some t ime t o t hink about t he sit uat ion, hoping t hat t hey would ret urn t o t heir former religion. This was a way t hat Allah showed kindness for t hem, because during t hat t ime t hey managed t o escape from him and flee from persecut ion for t he sake of t heir religion. This is what is prescribed in t he Shari` ah during t imes of t rial and persecut ion -- a person who fears for his religion should flee from his persecut ors, as was report ed in t he Hadit h:

ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ノ⊥ ら∠ ∇わΑ∠ ゅ⇔ヨレ∠ ビ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ョ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ マ ⊥セ ͡ ヲ⊥Α» リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ レ͡ Α͡ギよ͡ ゲぁ ヘ͡ Α∠ ゲ͡ ∇トボ∠ ャや ノ∠ ホ͡ や∠ヲョ∠ ヱ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ブ ∠ バ∠ セ ∠ «リ∠わヘ͡ ∇ャや (Soon t here will come a t ime when t he best wealt h any of you can have will be sheep, which he can follow t o t he t ops of t he mount ains and places where rain falls, (fleeing) for t he sake of his religion from persecut ion. ) In such cases, it is allowed t o seclude oneself from people, but t his is not prescribed in any ot her case, because by such seclusion one loses t he benefit s of congregat ional and Friday prayers. These young men were det ermined t o flee from t heir people, and Allah decreed t hat for t hem, as He says about t hem,

び∠ヮヤｚャや Ι ｚ ま∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ャゴ∠ わ∠ ∇ハや ク͡ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(And when you wit hdraw from t hem, and t hat which t hey worship, except Allah,) meaning, when you depart from t hem and follow a different religion, opposing t heir worship of ot hers besides Allah, t hen separat e from t hem in a physical sense t oo,

び͡ヮわ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リあョ ユ⊥ムよぁ ケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲゼ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ブ ͡ ∇ヰム∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ヱ∇ほ∠プぴ (t hen seek refuge in t he cave; your Lord will open a way for you from His mercy) meaning, He will best ow His mercy upon you, by which He will conceal you from your people.

びゅ⇔ボプ∠ ∇ゲョあ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇￢ヴあΒヰ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and will make easy for you your affair.) means, He will give you what you need. So t hey left and fled t o t he cave where t hey sought refuge. Then t heir people not iced t hey were missing, and t he king looked for t hem, and it was said when he could not find t hem t hat Allah concealed t hem from him so t hat he could not find any t race of t hem or any informat ion about t hem, as Allah concealed His Prophet Muhammad and his Companion ぴAbu Bakrび As-Siddiq, when t hey sought refuge in t he cave of Thawr. The Quraysh idolat ors came in pursuit , but t hey did not find him even t hough t hey passed right by him. When t he Messenger of Allah not iced t hat As-Siddiq was anxious and said, "O Messenger of Allah, if one of t hem looks down at t he place of his feet , he will see us,'' he t old him:

«∨ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ん⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠を ぶ ⊥ やリ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇をゅ͡よ マ ∠ レぁ ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゲ∃ ∇ムよ∠ ゅ∠よ∠ぺ ゅ∠Α» (O Abu Bakr, what do you t hink of t wo who have Allah as t heir t hird) And Allah said:

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ィ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∇クま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ル∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠ゎ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇クま͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ピ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ∇クま͡ リ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇をや ヶ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠を ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ゅ∠レバ∠ ョ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ラゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ ェ ͡ ゅ∠ダャ͡ る∠ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅワ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ キ∃ ヲ⊥レイ ⊥ よ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ Αｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ レ∠ Β͡ムシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ヤバ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇ヘジ ぁ ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや び ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ (If you help him not , for Allah did indeed help him when t he disbelievers drove him out , t he second of t he t wo; when t hey were in t he cave, he said t o his companion: "Do not grieve, surely, Allah is wit h us.'' Then Allah sent down His t ranquillit y upon him, and st rengt hened him wit h forces which you saw not , and made t he word of t hose who disbelieved t he lower, while t he Word of Allah became t he higher; and Allah is All-Might y, All-Wise.) ぴ9:40び -The st ory of t his cave (Thawr) is far great er and more wondrous t han t hat of t he people of t he Cave.

∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヰミ∠ リ∠ハ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ や∠ゴゎｚ ろ∠バヤ∠デ ∠ や∠クま͡ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ン∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ ͡メゅ∠ヨゼ あ ャや れ ∠ や∠ク ∇ユヰ⊥ ッ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ボゎｚ ろ∠よゲ∠ ビ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ͡リΒ͡ヨ∠Β∇ャや れ ∠ や∠ク ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや れ ͡ ゅ∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ り∃ ヲ∠ ∇イプ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ６Βャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∇モヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ギ͡ わ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや び や⇔ギセ ͡ ∇ゲョぁ (17. And you might have seen t he sun, when it rose, declining t o t he right from t heir cave, and when it set , t urning away from t hem t o t he left , while t hey lay in t he midst of t he cave. That is from t he Ayat of Allah. He whom Allah guides, he is t he right ly-guided; but he whom He sends ast ray, for him you will find no guardian t o lead him.)

The Location of the Cave This indicates that the entrance to the cave faced north, because Allah tells us that when the sun was rising, sunlight entered the cave

び͡リΒ͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャや れ ∠ や∠クぴ (t he right ), meaning t hat t he shade decreased t owards t he right , as Ibn ` Abbas, Sa` id bin Jubayr and Qat adah said:

び⊥ケヱ∠ や∠ゴゎｚ ぴ (declining) means leaning. Every t ime t he sun rises on t he horizon, it s rays decline unt il t here is not hing left in such a place when it reaches it s zenit h. So Allah said,

び͡メゅ∠ヨゼ あ ャや れ ∠ や∠ク ∇ユヰ⊥ ッ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ボゎｚ ろ∠よゲ∠ ビ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and when it set , t urning away from t hem t o t he left ,) meaning, it ent ered t heir cave from t he left of it s ent rance, which means from t he west . This proves what we say, and it is clear t o anyone who t hinks about t he mat t er and has some knowledge of ast ronomy and t he pat hs of t he sun, moon and st ars. If t he ent rance of t he cave faced east , not hing would have ent ered it when t he sun set , and if it faced t he direct ion of t he Qiblah (in t his case, sout h), not hing would have ent ered it at t he t ime of sunrise or sunset , and t he shadows would have leaned neit her t o t he right nor t he left . If it had faced west , not hing would have ent ered it at t he t ime of sunrise, unt il aft er t he sun had passed it s zenit h, and would have st ayed unt il sunset . This support s what we have said, and t o Allah is t he praise. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and Qat adah said t hat "t urning away from t hem'' means t hat it would shine on t hem and t hen leave t hem. Allah has t old us t his, and He want s us t o underst and it and ponder it s meaning, but He did not t ell

us t he locat ion of t his cave, i.e., in which count ry on eart h it is, because t here is no benefit for us in knowing t hat , and no legislat ive obj ect ive behind it . If t here was any spirit ual or religious int erest t hat could be served by our knowing t hat , Allah and His Messenger would have t aught us about it , as t he Prophet said:

リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ハ ͡ ゅ∠らΑ⊥ ヱ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ よ⊥ あゲボ∠ Α⊥ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ» «ヮ͡よ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや (I have not left anyt hing t hat will bring you closer t o Paradise and keep you furt her away from Hell but I have cert ainly t aught you about it .) So Allah has t old us about t he feat ures of t he cave, but He did not t ell us where it is, and He said,

び∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヰミ∠ リ∠ハ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ や∠ゴゎｚ ろ∠バヤ∠デ ∠ や∠クま͡ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ン∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ (And you might have seen t he sun, when it rose, declining from t heir cave.) Malik narrat ed from Zayd bin Aslam, "Leaning.''

メ ͡ ゅ∠ヨゼ あ ャや れ ∠ や∠ク ∇ユヰ⊥ ッ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ボｚゎ ろ∠よゲ∠ ビ ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ͡リΒ͡ヨ∠Β∇ャや れ ∠ や∠クぴ び⊥ヮ∇レョあ り∃ ヲ∠ ∇イプ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ (t he right , and when it set , t urning away from t hem t o t he left , while t hey lay in t he midst of t he cave.) meaning, t he sun ent ered t he cave wit hout t ouching t hem, because if it had t ouched t hem, it would have burnt t heir bodies and clot hes. This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas.

び͡ヮヤｚャや れ ͡ ゅ∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (That is from t he Ayat of Allah), how He guided t hem t o t his cave where He kept t hem alive, and t he sun and wind ent ered t he cave preserving t heir bodies. Allah says,

び͡ヮヤｚャや れ ͡ ゅ∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (That is from t he Ayat of Allah.) Then He says:

び͡ギわ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ リ∠ョぴ (He whom Allah guides, he is t he right ly-guided;) meaning t hat He is t he One Who guided t hese young men t o t rue guidance among t heir people, for t he one whom Allah guides is t ruly guided, and t he one whom Allah leaves ast ray will find no one t o guide him.

リ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ャや れ ∠ や∠ク ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ あヤボ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ∀キヲ⊥ホケ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ニゅ∠ボ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヲ͡ ャ∠ ギ͡ Β͡タヲ∠ ャゅ͡よ ヮ͡ ∇Βハ ∠ や∠ケク͡ ∀テ͡ジ⇒∠よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ヤミ∠ ヱ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ヨゼ あ ャや れ ∠ や∠クヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ゃヤ͡ヨ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ケや∠ゲプ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇Βャｚ∇ヲャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇バヤ∠デ ｚや び ゅ⇔ら∇ハケ⊥ (18. And you would have t hought t hem awake, whereas t hey were asleep. And We t urned t hem on t heir right and on t heir left sides, and t heir dog st ret ching fort h his t wo forelegs at t he Wasid. Had you happened upon t hem, you would cert ainly have t urned back from t hem in flight , and would cert ainly have been filled wit h awe of t hem.)

Their Sleep in the Cave Some of t he scholars ment ioned t hat when Allah caused t hem t o sleep, t heir eyelids did not close, lest disint egrat ion t ook hold of t hem. If t heir eyes remained open t o t he air, t his would be bet t er for t he sake of preservat ion. Allah says:

び∀キヲ⊥ホケ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ニゅ∠ボ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And you would have t hought t hem awake, whereas t hey were asleep.) It was ment ioned t hat when t he wolf sleeps, it closes one eye and keeps one eye open, t hen it swit ches eyes while asleep.

び͡メゅ∠ヨゼ あ ャや れ ∠ や∠クヱ∠ リ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ャや れ ∠ や∠ク ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ あヤボ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We t urned t hem on t heir right and on t heir left sides,) Ibn ` Abbas said: "If t hey did not t urn over, t he eart h would have consumed t hem.''

び͡ギΒ͡タヲ∠ ャゅ͡よ ヮ͡ ∇Βハ ∠ や∠ケク͡ ∀テ͡ジ⇒∠よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ヤミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t heir dog st ret ching fort h his t wo forelegs at t he Wasid) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr and Qat adah said: "The Wasid means t he t hreshold.'' Ibn ` Abbas said: "By t he door.'' It was said: "On t he ground.'' The correct view is t hat it means on t he t hreshold, i.e., at t he door.

び り∀ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ぽョぁ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, it shall be closed upon t hem) ぴ104:8び Their dog lay down at t he door, as is t he habit of dogs. Ibn Jurayj said, "He was guarding t he door for t hem.'' It was his nat ure and habit t o lie down at t heir door as if guarding t hem. He was sit t ing out side t he door, because t he angels do not ent er a house in which t here is a dog, as was report ed in As-Sahih, nor do t hey ent er a

house in which t here is an image, a person in a st at e of rit ual impurit y or a disbeliever, as was narrat ed in t he Hasan Hadit h. The blessing t hey enj oyed ext ended t o t heir dog, so t he sleep t hat overt ook t hem overt ook him t oo. This is t he benefit of accompanying good people, and so t his dog at t ained fame and st at ure. It was said t hat he was t he hunt ing dog of one of t he people which is t he more appropriat e view, or t hat he was t he dog of t he king's cook, who shared t heir religious views, and brought his dog wit h him. And Allah knows best . Allah says:

ろ ∠ ∇ゃヤ͡ヨ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ケや∠ゲプ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇Βャｚ∇ヲャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇バヤ∠デ ｚ や ヲ͡ ャ∠ぴ びゅ⇔ら∇ハケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ (Had you happened upon t hem, you would cert ainly have t urned back from t hem in flight , and would cert ainly have been filled wit h awe of t hem.) meaning t hat Allah made t hem appear dreadful, so t hat no one could look at t hem wit hout being filled wit h t error, because of t he fright ening appearance t hey had been given. This was so t hat no one would come near t hem or t ouch t hem unt il t he appoint ed t ime when t heir sleep would come t o an end as Allah willed, because of t he wisdom, clear proof and great mercy involved in t hat .

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀モ͡もゅ∠ホ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ やヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジわ∠ Β∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ん∠バ∠よ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠レ∇んら͡ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャ∠ ユ∠ミ ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇ユム⊥ ホ͡ ケ͡ ヲ∠ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇よゅ∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ベ ∃ ∇コゲ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ほΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠バデ ∠ ヴ∠ミ∇コぺ∠ べ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇レΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ - や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ラ ｚ ゲ∠ バ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ブト ｚ ヤ∠わ∠ Β∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ヤｚョ͡ ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱ⊥ギΒ͡バΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨィ ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヰ∠ ∇ヌΑ∠ び や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ や⇔クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ リ∠ャヱ∠ (19. Likewise, We woke t hem t hat t hey might quest ion one anot her. A speaker among t hem said: "How long have you st ayed (here)'' They said: "We have st ayed a day or part of a day.'' They said: "Your Lord knows best how long you have st ayed (here). So send one of you wit h t his silver coin of yours t o t he t own, and let him find out which is t he Azka food, and bring some of t hat t o you. And let him be careful and let no man know of you.'') (20. "For, if t hey come t o know of you, t hey will st one you or t urn you back t o t heir religion; and in t hat case you will never be successful.'')

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャ∠ ∇ユミ∠ ぴ

(How long have you st ayed (here)) meaning, ` how long have you slept '

び∃ュ∇ヲΑ∠ ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠レ∇んら͡ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "We have st ayed a day or part of a day.'') because t hey ent ered t he cave at t he beginning of t he day, and t hey woke up at t he end of t he day, which is why t hey t hen said,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ ("...or a part of a day.'' They said: "Your Lord knows best how long you have st ayed...'') meaning, ` Allah knows best about your sit uat ion.' It seems t hat t hey were not sure about how long t hey had slept , and Allah knows best . Then t hey t urned t heir at t ent ion t o more pressing mat t ers, like t heir need for food and drink, so t hey said:

び∇ユム⊥ ホ͡ ケ͡ ヲ∠ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇よゅ∠プぴ (So send one of you wit h t his silver coin of yours) They had brought wit h t hem some Dirhams (silver coins) from t heir homes, t o buy what ever t hey might need, and t hey had given some in charit y and kept some, so t hey said:

び͡るレ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇ユム⊥ ホ͡ ケ͡ ヲ∠ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇よゅ∠プぴ (So send one of you wit h t his silver coin of yours t o t he t own,) meaning t o t heir cit y, which t hey had left . The definit e art icle indicat es t hat t hey were referring t o a known cit y.

びゅ⇔ョゅ∠バデ ∠ ヴ∠ミ∇コぺ∠ べ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇レΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ぴ (and let him find out which is t he Azka food.) Azka means "purest '', as Allah says elsewhere,

ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ヴ∠ミコ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び⇔やギ∠よぺ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョあ (And had it not been for t he grace of Allah and His mercy on you, not one of you would ever have been pure ぴZakaび from sins) ぴ24:21び and

び ヴｚミゴ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ョ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Indeed whosoever purifies himself ぴTazakkaび shall achieve success.) ぴ87:14び From t he same root also comes t he word Zakah, which makes one's wealt h good and purifies it .

び∇ブト ｚ ヤ∠わ∠ Β∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ぴ (And let him be careful) meaning when he goes out buying food and coming back. They were t elling him t o conceal himself as much as he could,

∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヰ∠ ∇ヌΑ∠ ラ͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ラ ｚ ゲ∠ バ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨィ ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ (and let no man know of you. For, if t hey come t o know of you, t hey will st one you) means, ` if t hey find out where you are,'

び∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ヤｚョ͡ ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱ⊥ギΒ͡バΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨィ ⊥ ∇ゲ∠Αぴ (t hey will st one you or t urn you back t o t heir religion;) They were referring t o t he followers of Decianus, who t hey were afraid might find out where t hey were, and punish t hem wit h all kinds of t ort ure unt il t hey made t hem go back t o t heir former religion, or unt il t hey died, for if t hey agreed t o go back t o t heir (old) religion, t hey would never at t ain success in t his world or t he Hereaft er. So t hey said:

びや⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ や⇔クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (and in t hat case you will never be successful.)

ペ ｘェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Β͡ャ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲん∠ ∇ハぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゴ∠ ⇒∠レわ∠ Α∠ ∇クま͡ ゅ∠ヰΒプ͡ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケｚ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠Β∇レよ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レ∇よや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ レ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らヤ∠ビ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ び や⇔ギイ ͡ ∇ジョｚ (21. And t hus We made t heir case known, t hat t hey might know t hat t he promise of Allah is t rue, and t hat t here can be no doubt about t he Hour. (Remember) when t hey (t he people) disput ed among t hemselves about t heir case, t hey said: "Const ruct a building over t hem; t heir Lord knows best about t hem,'' (t hen) t hose who won t heir point said: "We verily, shall build a place of worship over t hem.'')

How the People of the City came to know about Them; building a Memorial over the Cave

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲん∠ ∇ハぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And t hus We made t heir case known,) means, ` We caused t he people t o find t hem.'

ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ペ ｘェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (t hat t hey might know t hat t he promise of Allah is t rue, and t hat t here can be no doubt about t he Hour.) Several scholars of t he Salaf ment ioned t hat t he people of t hat t ime were skept ical about t he Resurrect ion. ` Ikrimah said: "There was a group of t hem who said t hat t he souls would be resurrect ed but not t he bodies, so Allah resurrect ed t he people of t he Cave as a sign and proof of resurrect ion.'' They ment ioned t hat when t hey want ed t o send one of t heir members out t o t he cit y t o buy t hem somet hing t o eat , he disguised himself and set out walking by a different rout e, unt il he reached t he cit y, which t hey said was called Daqsus. He t hought t hat it was not long since he left it , but in fact cent ury aft er cent ury, generat ion aft er generat ion, nat ion aft er nat ion had passed, and t he count ry and it s people had changed. He saw no local landmarks t hat he recognized, and he did not recognize any of t he people, elit e or commoners. He began t o feel confused and said t o himself, "Maybe I am crazy or deluded, maybe I am dreaming.'' Then he said, "By Allah, I am not hing of t he sort , what I know I saw last night was different from t his.'' Then he said, "I had bet t er get out of here.'' Then he went t o one of t he men selling food, gave him t he money he had and asked him t o sell him some food. When t he man saw t he money he did not recognize it or it s imprint , so he passed it t o his neighbor and t hey all began t o pass it around, saying, "Maybe t his man found some t reasure.'' They asked him who he was and where he got t his money. Had he found a t reasure Who was he He said, "I am from t his land, I was living here yest erday and Decianus was t he ruler.'' They accused him of being crazy and t ook him t o t he governor who quest ioned him about his circumst ances, and he t old him. He was confused about his sit uat ion. When he t old t hem about it , t hey -- t he king and t he people of t he cit y -- went wit h him t o t he cave, where he t old t hem, "Let me go in first and let my companions know.'' It was said t hat t he people did not know how he ent ered it , and t hat t he people did not know about t heir st ory. It was also said t hat t hey did ent er t he cave and see t hem, and t he king greet ed t hem and embraced t hem. Apparent ly he was a Muslim, and his name was Tedosis. They rej oiced at meet ing him and spoke wit h him, t hen t hey bid farewell t o him and went back t o sleep, t hen Allah caused t hem t o die. And Allah knows best . A

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲん∠ ∇ハぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And t hus We made t heir case known,) meaning, ` j ust as We caused t hem t o sleep t hen woke t hem up physically int act , We made t heir st ory known t o t he people of t hat t ime.'

ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ペ ｘェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ び∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゴ∠ ⇒∠レわ∠ Α∠ ∇クま͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (t hat t hey might know t hat t he promise of Allah is t rue, and t hat t here can be no doubt about t he Hour. (Remember) when t hey (t he people) disput ed among t hemselves about t heir case, ) meaning, about Resurrect ion. Some believed in it and some denied it , so Allah made t heir discovery of t he people of t he cave evidence eit her in t heir favor or against t hem.

び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケｚ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠Β∇レよ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レ∇よや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ (t hey said: "Const ruct a building over t hem; t heir Lord knows best about t hem,'') meaning, seal t he door of t heir cave over t hem, and leave t hem as t hey are.

∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ レ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らヤ∠ビ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びや⇔ギイ ͡ ∇ジョｚ (t hose who won t heir point said: "We verily, shall build a place of worship over t hem.'') Those who said t his were t he people of power and influence, but were t hey good people or not There is some debat e on t his point , because t he Prophet said:

ケ∠ ヲ⊥らホ⊥ やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ や ン∠ケゅ∠ダレｚ ャや∠ヱ ∠キヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャや ぶ ⊥ や リ ∠ バ∠ ャ∠» «ギ͡ィゅ∠ジョ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡エャ͡ゅ∠タヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルぺ∠ (Allah has cursed t he Jews and t he Christ ians who t ook t he graves of t heir Prophet s and right eous people as places of worship) Warning against what t hey did. We have report ed about t he Commander of t he fait hful ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab t hat when he found t he grave of Danyal (Daniel) in Iraq during his period of rule, he gave orders t hat news of t his grave should be wit hheld from t he people, and t hat t he inscript ion cont aining ment ion of bat t les et c., t hat t hey found t here should be buried.

る∀ ジ ∠ ∇ヨカ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ヤミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ よ͡ やｚケ ∀るん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ シ ∠ぴ る∀ バ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ィケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ヤミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ シ ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅｚョ ユ͡ヰゎ͡ ギｚ バ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヴあよケｚ モ⊥ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ヤミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ョ͡ ゅ∠をヱ∠

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲヰ͡ ⇒∠ニ ￢⇔ へ∠ゲョ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヨゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ Ι ｚ ま͡ び や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ろ ͡ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ (22. They say t hey were t hree, t he dog being t he fourt h among t hem; and t hey say t hey were five, t he dog being t he sixt h, guessing at t he unseen; and t hey say t hey were seven, and t he dog being t he eight h. Say: "My Lord knows best t heir number; none knows t hem but a few.'' So debat e not except wit h t he clear proof. And consult not any of t hem (about t he people of t he Cave).)

Their Number Allah t ells us t hat people disput ed over t he number of t he people of t he Cave. The Ayah ment ions t hree views, proving t hat t here was no fourt h suggest ion. Allah indicat es t hat t he first t wo opinions are invalid, by saying,

び͡ょ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ィケ∠ ぴ (guessing at t he unseen), meaning t hat t hey spoke wit hout knowledge, like a person who aims at an unknown t arget -- he is hardly likely t o hit it , and if he does, it was not on purpose. Then Allah ment ions t he t hird opinion, and does not comment on it , or He affirms it by saying,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ヤミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ョ͡ ゅ∠をヱ∠ ぴ (and t he dog being t he eight h.) indicat ing t hat t his is correct and t his is what happened.

びユ͡ヰゎ͡ ギｚ バ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヴあよケｚ モ⊥ホぴ (Say: "My Lord knows best t heir number...'') indicat ing t hat t he best t hing t o do in mat t ers like t his is t o refer knowledge t o Allah, because t here is no need t o indulge in discussing such mat t ers wit hout knowledge. If we are given knowledge of a mat t er, t hen we may t alk about it , ot herwise we should refrain.

び∀モΒ͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅｚョぴ (none knows t hem but a few.) of mankind. Qat adah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "I am one of t he few ment ioned in t his Ayah; t hey were seven. '' Ibn Jurayj also narrat ed t hat ` At a' Al-Khurasani narrat ed from him, "I am one of t hose referred t o in t his Ayah,'' and he would say: "Their number was seven.'' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said:

び∀モΒ͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅｚョぴ

(none knows t hem but a few.) "I am one of t he few, and t hey were seven.'' The chains of t hese report s narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas, which say t hat t hey were seven, are Sahih, and t his is in accordance wit h what we have st at ed above.

びや⇔ゲヰ͡ ⇒∠ニ ￢⇔ へ∠ゲョ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヨゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So debat e not except wit h t he clear proof.) meaning, gent ly and polit ely, for t here is not a great deal t o be gained from knowing about t hat .

び⇔やギ∠ェぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ろ ͡ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And consult not any of t hem (about t he people of t he Cave).) meaning, ` They do not have any knowledge about it except what t hey make up, guessing at t he unseen; t hey have no evidence from an infallible source. But Allah has sent you, O Muhammad, wit h t he t rut h in which t here is no doubt or confusion, which is t o be given priorit y over all previous books and sayings.'

ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ - や⇔ギ∠ビ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ∀モ͡ハゅ∠プ ヴあルま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴゼ ∠ ャ͡ リ ｚ ャ∠ヲ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ∠ Β͡ジル∠ や∠クま͡ マ ∠ よｚ ケｚ ゲ⊥ミ∇クや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠ゼΑ∠ び や⇔ギセ ∠ ケ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇リョ͡ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ホΙ ６ ヴあよケ∠ リ ͡ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ (23. And never say of anyt hing, "I shall do such and such t hing t omorrow.'') (24. Except (wit h t he saying), "If Allah wills!" And remember your Lord when you forget and say: "It may be t hat my Lord guides me t o a nearer way of t rut h t han t his.'')

Saying "If Allah wills" when determining to do Something in the Future Here Allah, may He be glorified, shows His Messenger t he correct et iquet t e when det ermining t o do somet hing in t he fut ure; t his should always be referred t o t he will of Allah, t he Knower of t he Unseen, Who knows what was and what is yet t o be and what is not t o be, and how it will be if it is t o be. It was recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

リ ｚ プ∠ ヲ⊥デほ∠ャ∠ :ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ キ∠ ヱ⊥ や∠キ リ ⊥ ∇よ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ» リ ∠ Β͡バ∇ジゎ͡ :る∃ Α∠ や∠ヱケ͡ ヶ͡プヱ∠ り⇔ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∠ ヤ∠∇Βヤｚャや り∃ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ぁモミ⊥ ギ⊥ ヤ͡ゎ∠ り∃ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや る͡ も∠ ゅ͡ョ :る∃ Α∠ や∠ヱケ͡ ヶ͡プヱ∠ ∩⇔りぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや

ヶ͡プヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ボプ∠ ∩͡ぶや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ モ ⊥ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ヤビ ⊥ ｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∩∇モボ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∩⊥ぶや ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ∇ラま͡ ∇モホ⊥ :マ ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ る∃ Α∠ や∠ヱケ͡ ブ ∠ ∇ダル͡ り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ り∀ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ゅｚャま͡ ｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ギヤ͡ゎ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ よ͡ フ ∠ ゅ∠トプ∠ :ユ∂ヤシヱ ヮΒヤハ ぶや ヴヤダ͡ヰヤャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩∃ラゅ∠ジ∇ルま͡ ∩∇ゑレ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ∇ラま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ヲャ∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ «ヮ͡わィ ∠ ゅ∠エャ͡ ゅ⇔ミケ∠ キ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヶ͡プ∠ヱ る∃ Α∠ や∠ヱケ͡ :

«ラヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠シ∇ゲプ⊥ ぶ ͡ やモ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ やヲ⊥ヤゎ∠ ゅ∠ボャ∠ヱ∠ » (Sulayman bin Dawud (peace be upon t hem bot h) said: "Tonight I will go around t o sevent y women ぴaccording t o some report s, it was ninet y or one hundred womenび so t hat each one of t hem will give birt h t o a son who will fight for t he sake of Allah.'' It was said t o him, ぴaccording t o one report , t he angel said t o himび "Say: ` If Allah wills'", but he did not say it . He went around t o t he women but none of t hem gave birt h except for one who gave birt h t o a halfformed child.) The Messenger of Allah said, (By t he One in Whose hand is my soul, had he said, "If Allah wills,'' he would not have broken his oat h, and t hat would have helped him t o at t ain what he want ed. ) According t o anot her report , (They would all have fought as horsemen in t he cause of Allah.) At t he beginning of t his Surah we discussed t he reason why t his Ayah was revealed: when t he Prophet was asked about t he st ory of t he people of t he Cave, he said, "I will t ell you t omorrow.'' Then t he revelat ion was delayed for fift een days. Since we discussed t his at lengt h at t he beginning of t he Surah, t here is no need t o repeat it here.

び∠ろΒ͡ジル∠ や∠クま͡ マ ∠ よｚ ケｚ ゲ⊥ミ∇クや∠ヱぴ (And remember your Lord when you forget ) It was said t hat t his means, if you forget t o say "If Allah wills", t hen say it when you remember. This was t he view of Abu Al-` Aliyah and Al-Hasan Al-Basri. Hushaym report ed from Al-A` mash from Muj ahid t hat concerning a man who swears an oat h, Ibn ` Abbas said "He may say ` If Allah wills' even if it is a year lat er.'' Ibn ` Abbas used t o int erpret t his Ayah:

び∠ろΒ͡ジル∠ や∠クま͡ マ ∠ よｚ ケｚ ゲ⊥ミ∇クや∠ヱぴ (And remember your Lord when you forget ) in t his way. Al-A` mash was asked, "Did you hear t his from Muj ahid" He said, "Layt h bin Abi Salim t old it t o me.'' The meaning of Ibn ` Abbas' view, t hat a person may say "If Allah wills'', even if it is a year lat er, is t hat if he forget s t o say it when he makes t he oat h or when he speaks, and he remembers it lat er, even a year lat er, t he Sunnah is t hat he should say it , so t hat he will st ill be following t he Sunnah of saying "If

Allah wills'', even if t hat is aft er breaking his oat h. This was also t he view of Ibn Jarir, but he st at ed t hat t his does not make up for breaking t he oat h or mean t hat one is no longer obliged t o offer expiat ion. What Ibn Jarir said is correct , and it is more appropriat e t o underst and t he words of Ibn Abbas in t his way. And Allah knows best .

ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ や⇔ギ∠ビ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ∀モ͡ハゅ∠プ ヴあルま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴゼ ∠ ャ͡ リ ｚ ャ∠ヲ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∠ろΒ͡ジル∠ や∠クま͡ マ ∠ よｚ ケｚ ゲ⊥ミ∇クや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠ゼΑ∠ (And never say of anyt hing, "I shall do such and such t hing t omorrow.'' Except (wit h t he saying), "If Allah wills!" And remember your Lord when you forget ) At -Tabarani recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t his meant saying, "If Allah wills.''

や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇リョ͡ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ホΙ ６ ヴあよケ∠ リ ͡ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びや⇔ギセ ∠ ケ∠ (and say: "It may be t hat my Lord guides me t o a nearer way of t rut h t han t his.'') meaning, ` if you (O Prophet ) are asked about somet hing you know not hing about , ask Allah about it , and t urn t o Him so t hat He may guide you t o what is right .' And Allah knows best .

∇やヱ⊥キや∠キ∇コや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レシ ͡ る∃ ゃ∠ ョ͡ ゐ ∠ Κ∠を ∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヰミ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥んら͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ょ ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ん͡ら∠ャ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ - ゅ⇔バ∇ジゎ͡ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ノヨ͡ ∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ゲダ ͡ ∇よぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ び や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ムェ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ポ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ｙ ャ͡ヱ∠ (25. And t hey st ayed in t heir cave t hree hundred years, adding nine.) (26. Say: "Allah knows best how long t hey st ayed. Wit h Him is t he unseen of t he heavens and t he eart h.'' How clearly He sees, and hears (everyt hing)! They have no prot ect or ot her t han Him, and He makes none t o share in His decision and His rule.)

The Length of their Stay in the Cave Here Allah t ells His Messenger t he lengt h of t ime t he people of t he Cave spent in t heir cave, from t he t ime when He caused t hem t o sleep unt il t he t ime when He resurrect ed t hem and caused t he people of t hat era t o find t hem. The lengt h of t ime was t hree hundred plus nine years in lunar years, which is t hree hundred years in solar years. The difference bet ween one hundred lunar years and one hundred solar years is t hree years, which is why aft er ment ioning t hree hundred, Allah says, ` adding nine.'

び∇やヲ⊥んら͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Allah knows best how long t hey st ayed...'') ` If you are asked about how long t hey st ayed, and you have no knowledge of t hat and no revelat ion from Allah about it , t hen do not say anyt hing. Rat her say somet hing like t his:

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ょ ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥んら͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (Allah knows best how long t hey st ayed. Wit h Him is (t he knowledge of) t he Unseen of t he heavens and t he eart h.)'' meaning, no one knows about t hat except Him, and whoever among His creat ures He chooses t o t ell. What we have said here is t he view of more t han one of t he scholars of Tafsir, such as Muj ahid and ot hers among t he earlier and lat er generat ions.

び∠リΒ͡レシ ͡ る∃ ゃ∠ ョ͡ ゐ ∠ Κ∠を ∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヰミ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥んら͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey st ayed in t heir cave t hree hundred years,) Qat adah said, t his was t he view of t he People of t he Book, and Allah refut ed it by saying:

び∇やヲ⊥んら͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Allah knows best how long t hey st ayed...'') meaning, t hat Allah knows bet t er t han what t he people say. This was also t he view of Mut arraf bin ` Abdullah. However, t his view is open t o debat e, because when t he People of t he Book said t hat t hey st ayed in t he cave for t hree hundred years, wit hout t he ext ra nine, t hey were referring t o solar years, and if Allah was merely narrat ing what t hey had said, He would not have said,

びゅ⇔バ∇ジゎ͡ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠キ∇コや∠ヱぴ (adding nine.) The apparent meaning of t he Ayah is t hat Allah is st at ing t he fact s, not narrat ing what was said. This is t he view of Ibn Jarir (may Allah have mercy on him). And Allah knows best .

び∇ノヨ͡ ∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ゲダ ͡ ∇よぺ∠ぴ (How clearly He sees, and hears (everyt hing)!) He sees t hem and hears t hem. Ibn Jarir said, "The language used is an eloquent expression of praise.'' The phrase may be underst ood t o mean, how much Allah sees of everyt hing t hat exist s and how much He hears of everyt hing t hat is t o be heard, for not hing is hidden from Him! It was narrat ed t hat Qat adah comment ed on t his Ayah:

び∇ノヨ͡ ∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ゲダ ͡ ∇よぺ∠ぴ (How clearly He sees, and hears (everyt hing)!) "No one hears or sees more t han Allah.''

ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ムェ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ポ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ｙ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ びや⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ (They have no prot ect or ot her t han Him, and He makes none t o share in His decision and His rule.) meaning, He, may He be glorified, is t he One Who has t he power t o creat e and t o command, t he One Whose ruling cannot be overt urned; He has no adviser, support er or part ner, may He be exalt ed and hallowed.

メ ∠ ギあ ら∠ ョ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わミ͡ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ∇ヱぺ⊥ べ∠ョ モ ⊥ ∇ゎや∠ヱぴ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タや∠ヱ - や⇔ギエ ∠ わ∠ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ ャ͡ ヴ あゼ ͡ バ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ り͡ や∠ギピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ノ∠ ョ∠ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ る∠ レ∠ Α͡コ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ポ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βハ ∠ ギ⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ら∠ ∇ヤホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠ヘ∇ビ∠ぺ ∇リョ∠ ∇ノト ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや び ゅ⇔デゲ⊥ プ⊥ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ヲワ∠ ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ (27. And recit e what has been revealed t o you (O Muhammad) of your Lord's Book. None can change His Words, and none will you find as refuge ot her t han Him.) (28. And keep yourself (O Muhammad) pat ient ly wit h t hose who call on t heir Lord morning and aft ernoon, seeking His Face; and let not your eyes overlook t hem, desiring t he pomp and glit t er of t he life of t he world; and obey not him whose heart We have made heedless of Our remembrance, and who follows his own lust s, and whose affair has been lost .)

The Command to recite the Qur'an and to patiently keep Company with the Believers Commanding His Messenger t o recit e His Holy Book and convey it t o mankind, Allah says,

び͡ヮわ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ ャ͡ メ ∠ ギあ ら∠ ョ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (None can change His Words,) meaning, no one can alt er t hem, dist ort t hem or misint erpret t hem.

びや⇔ギエ ∠ わ∠ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ

(and none will you find as a refuge ot her t han Him.) It was report ed t hat Muj ahid said, "A shelt er,'' and t hat Qat adah said, "A helper or support er.'' Ibn Jarir said: "Allah is saying, ` if you O Muhammad, do not recit e what is revealed t o you of t he Book of your Lord, t hen you will have no refuge from Allah.''' As Allah says:

ラ͡まヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョ ∇ヒヤあよ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ゅヰ∠ Αぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ヨ⊥ ダ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠シケ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ピヤｚよ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ び͡サゅｚレャや (O Messenger! Proclaim (t he Message) which has been sent down t o you from your Lord. And if you do not , t hen you have not conveyed His Message. Allah will prot ect you from mankind.)ぴ5:67び

ヴ∠ャま͡ ポ ∠ キぁ へ∠ゲャ∠ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ チ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ン͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び∃キゅ∠バョ∠ (Verily, He Who has given you t he Qur'an, will surely bring you back t o t he place of ret urn.) ぴ28:85び meaning, ` He will call you t o account for t he dut y of conveying t he Message which He ent rust ed you wit h. '

り͡ や∠ギピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ノ∠ ョ∠ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タや∠ヱぴ び⊥ヮヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ヴ あゼ ͡ バ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (And keep yourself pat ient ly wit h t hose who call on t heir Lord morning and aft ernoon, seeking His Face;) meaning, sit wit h t hose who remember Allah, who say "La Ilaha Illallah'', who praise Him, glorify Him, declare His great ness and call on Him, morning and evening, all t he servant s of Allah, whet her rich or poor, st rong or weak. It was said t hat t his was revealed about t he nobles of Quraysh when t hey asked t he Prophet t o sit wit h t hem on his own, and not t o bring his weak Companions wit h him, such as Bilal, ` Ammar, Suhayb, Khabbab and Ibn Mas` ud. They want ed him t o sit wit h t hem on his own, but Allah forbade him from doing t hat , and said,

びあヴゼ ͡ バ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ り͡ や∠ギピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キ͡ ゲ⊥ ∇トゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t urn not away t hose who invoke t heir Lord, morning and aft ernoon.) Allah commanded him t o pat ient ly cont ent himself wit h sit t ing wit h t hose people (t he weak believers), and said:

り͡ や∠ギピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ノ∠ ョ∠ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タや∠ヱぴ びあヴゼ ͡ バ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (And keep yourself pat ient ly wit h t hose who call on t heir Lord morning and aft ernoon...) Imam Muslim recorded in his Sahih t hat Sa` d bin Abi Waqqas who said: "There was a group of six of us wit h t he Prophet . The idolat ors said, ` Tell t hese people t o leave so t hey will not offend us.' There was myself, Ibn Mas` ud, a man from Hudayl, Bilal and t wo ot her men whose names I have forgot t en. Allah's Messenger t hought t o himself about what ever Allah willed he should t hink about , t hen Allah revealed:

ヴ あゼ ͡ バ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ り͡ や∠ギピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キ͡ ゲ⊥ ∇トゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ヮヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ (And t urn not away t hose who invoke t heir Lord, morning and aft ernoon.) Only Muslim report ed t his; excluding Al-Bukhari.

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや る∠ レ∠ Α͡コ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ポ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βハ ∠ ギ⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and let not your eyes overlook t hem, desiring t he pomp and glit t er of t he life of t he world;) Ibn ` Abbas said, ` (t his means) do not favor ot hers over t hem, meaning do not seek t he people of nobilit y and wealt h inst ead of t hem.'

びゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ら∠ ∇ヤホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヘ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇ノト ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and obey not him whose heart We have made heedless of Our remembrance) means, t hose who are dist ract ed by t his world from being commit t ed t o t he religion and from worshipping t heir Lord.

びゅ⇔デゲ⊥ プ⊥ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and whose affair (deeds) has been lost .) means, his act ions and deeds are a foolish wast e of t ime. Do not obey him or admire his way or envy what he has. As Allah says elsewhere:

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ゅ⇔ィ∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇バわｚ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ ∇Βレ∠ ∇Βハ ∠ ラ ｚ ギｚ ヨ⊥ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ベ ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ わ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや り∠ ゲ∠ ∇ワコ∠ び ヴ∠ボ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠

(And st rain not your eyes in longing for t he t hings We have given for enj oyment t o various groups of t hem, t he splendor of t he life of t his world, t hat We may t est t hem t hereby. But t he provision of your Lord is bet t er and more last ing.) ぴ20:131び

￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ョヱ∠ リ͡ョ∇ぽΒ⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヅ ∠ ゅ∠ェぺ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ∠リΒ͡ヨ͡ャゅｚヌヤ͡ャ ゅ∠ル∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ モ ͡ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ￢∃ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥をゅ∠ピΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥んΒ͡ピ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰホ⊥ キ͡ や∠ゲシ ⊥ び ゅ⇔ボヘ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ゲョ⊥ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠シヱ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠ゲゼ ｚ ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ロ∠ ヲ⊥ィヲ∇ャや ン͡ヲ∇ゼΑ∠ (29. And say: "The t rut h is from your Lord.'' Then whosoever wills, let him believe; and whosoever wills, let him disbelieve. Verily, We have prepared for t he wrongdoers, a Fire whose walls will be surrounding t hem. And if t hey ask for drink, t hey will be grant ed wat er like AlMuhl, t hat will scald t heir faces. Terrible is t he drink, and an evil Murt afaq!)

The Truth is from Allah, and the Punishment of Those Who do not believe in it Allah says t o His Messenger Muhammad : "Say t o t he people, ` What I have brought t o you from your Lord is t he t rut h, in which t here is no confusion or doubt .'''

び∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ョヱ∠ リ͡ョ∇ぽΒ⊥ ∇ヤ∠プ ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ヨ∠プぴ (Then whosoever wills, let him believe; and whosoever wills, let him disbelieve.) This is a t ype of t hreat and st ern warning, aft er which Allah says,

びゅ∠ル∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ べｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We have prepared), meaning made ready,

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤあャぴ (for t he wrongdoers,) meaning t hose who disbelieve in Allah, His Messenger and His Book,

びゅ∠ヰホ⊥ キ͡ や∠ゲシ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヅ ∠ ゅ∠ェぺ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ルぴ (a Fire whose walls will be surrounding t hem.) Ibn Jurayj said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

びゅ∠ヰホ⊥ キ͡ や∠ゲシ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヅ ∠ ゅ∠ェぺ∠ぴ (a Fire whose walls will be surrounding t hem.) "A wall of fire.''

ン͡ヲ∇ゼΑ∠ モ ͡ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ￢∃ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥をゅ∠ピΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥んΒ͡ピ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び∠ロヲ⊥ィヲ∇ャや (And if t hey ask for drink, t hey will be grant ed wat er like Al-Muhl, t hat will scald t heir faces.) Ibn ` Abbas said; "Al-Muhl is t hick wat er which is similar t o t he sediment in oil.'' Muj ahid said, "It is like blood and pus.'' ` Ikrimah said, "It is t he t hing t hat is heat ed t o t he ult imat e t emperat ure.'' Ot hers said: "It is everyt hing t hat is melt ed.'' Qat adah said, "Ibn Mas` ud melt ed some gold in a grove, and when it became liquid and foam rose t o t he t op, he said, t his is t he t hing t hat is most like Al-Muhl.'' Ad-Dahhak said: "The wat er of Hell is black, and it it self is black and it s people are black.'' There is not hing cont radict ory in t hese comment s, for Al-Muhl includes all of t hese unpleasant charact erist ics, it is black, evil-smelling, t hick and hot , as Allah said,

び∠ロヲ⊥ィヲ∇ャや ン͡ヲ∇ゼ∠Αぴ (ぴit び will scald t heir faces.) meaning because of it s heat . When t he disbeliever want s t o drink it and brings it close t o his face, it will scald it so t hat t he skin of his face falls off int o it . Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "When t he people of Hell get hungry, t hey will ask for relief from it , and t hey will be given t he t ree of Zaqqum from which t hey will eat . The t ree will t ear off t he skin of t heir faces, and if anyone who knew t hem were t o pass by, he would recognize t he skin of t heir faces in t he t ree. Then t hey will feel t hirst y, so t hey will ask for drink, and t hey will be grant ed wat er like Al-Muhl, t hat is what has been heat ed t o t he ult imat e t emperat ure. When it is brought near t heir mout hs, t he flesh of t heir faces from which t he skin has been t orn off will be baked.'' Aft er describing t his drink in t hese horrifying qualit ies, Allah says:

び⊥ゆや∠ゲゼ ｚ ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ぴ (Terrible is t he drink,) meaning, how awful t his drink is. Similarly, He says in anot her Ayah:

び∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠バ∇ョぺ∠ ノ∠ ト ｚ ボ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボシ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and be given t o drink boiling wat er so t hat it cut s up t heir bowels.) ぴ47:15び

び る∃ Β∠ ル͡ や∠￢ リ ∃ ∇Βハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ジゎ⊥ ぴ (They will be given t o drink from a boiling spring.) ぴ88:5び

び∃ラや∠￢ ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (They will go bet ween it (Hell) and t he fierce boiling wat er.) ぴ55:44び

びゅ⇔ボヘ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ゲョ⊥ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠シヱ∠ ぴ (and an evil Murt afaq!) means, how evil a place is t he Fire t o dwell and rest and gat her. As Allah says elsewhere:

び ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠シ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ぴ (Evil indeed it (Hell) is as an abode and as a place t o rest in.) ぴ25:66び

Ι ∠ ゅｚル͡ま れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ れ ⊥ ゅｚレィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ - Κ ⇔ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡ツル⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヤｚエ ∠ Α⊥ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΕ ∠ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ わ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ラ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ リあョ や⇔ゲ∇ツカ ⊥ ゅ⇔よゅ∠Βを͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジら∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ワ∠ ク∠ リ͡ョ ケ∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠シぺ∠ ユ∠ ∇バル͡ マ ͡ も͡ へ∠ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ゃム͡ わｚ ョぁ ベ ∃ ゲ∠ ∇らわ∠ ∇シま͡ヱ∠ サ ∃ ギ⊥ ∇レシ ⊥ び ゅ⇔ボ∠ヘゎ∠ ∇ゲョ⊥ ∇ろレ∠ ジ ⊥ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠ヲんｚ ャや (30. Verily, as for t hose who believed and did right eous deeds, cert ainly We shall not make t he reward of anyone t o be lost who does his (right eous) deeds in t he most perfect manner.) (31. These! For t hem will be Jannat u ` Adn; wherein rivers flow beneat h t hem; t herein t hey will be adorned wit h bracelet s of gold, and t hey will wear green garment s of Sundus and Ist abraq. They will be Mut t aki'in t herein on Ara'ik. How good is t he reward, and what an excellent Murt afaq!)

The Reward of those Who believe and do Righteous Deeds When Allah ment ions t he st at e of t hose who are doomed, He follows t hat by ment ioning t he blessed who believed in Allah and believed what His Messengers brought , t hose who did t he right eous deeds t hat t hey commanded t hem t o do. They will have Jannat u ` Adn. ` Adn means last ing.

び⊥ゲ⇒∠ヰ∇ルｘΙや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ わ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ぴ

(wherein rivers flow beneat h t hem,) means, from beneat h it s rooms and dwellings. Fir` awn said:

びヴ͡わ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ぴ (and t hese rivers flowing beneat h me...) ぴ43:51び

び∠ラ∇ヲヤｚエ ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (t hey will be adorned) means, wit h j ewelry.

び∃ょワ∠ ク∠ リ͡ョ ケ∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠シぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅヰ∠ Β͡プぴ (wit h bracelet s of gold,) Allah says elsewhere:

び∀ゲΑ͡ゲェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ シ ⊥ ゅ∠らャ͡ヱ∠ や⇔ぽ⊥ャ∇ぽャ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (and pearls and t heir garment s t herein will be of silk) ぴ22:23び. This is explained in more det ail here, where Allah says:

び∃ベゲ∠ ∇らわ∠ ∇シま͡ヱ∠ サ ∃ ギ⊥ ∇レシ ⊥ リあョ や⇔ゲ∇ツカ ⊥ ゅ⇔よゅ∠Βを͡ ラ ∠ ヲジ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey will wear green garment s of Sundus and Ist abraq.) Sundus refers t o a fine garment , like a shirt and t he like, and Ist abraq is t hick and shiny velvet .

び͡マ͡もや∠ケｘΙや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ゃム͡ わｚ ョぁ ぴ (They will be Mut t aki'in t herein on Ara'ik.) The word Mut t aki'in implies lying down, or it was said t hat it means sit t ing wit h one's legs crossed, which is closer t o t he meaning here. In a Sahih Hadit h, t he Prophet said:

«ゅ⇔ゃム͡ わｚ ョ⊥ モ ⊥ ミ⊥ へ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅｚョぺ∠» (As for me, I do not eat sit t ing wit h legs crossed (Mut t aki'an)). Ara'ik is t he plural of Arikah, which is a bed under a canopy. And Allah knows best .

び⇔ゅボ∠ヘゎ∠ ∇ゲョ⊥ ∇ろレ∠ ジ ⊥ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠ヲんｚ ャや ユ∠ ∇バル͡ ぴ (How good is t he reward, and what an excellent place of rest (Murt afaq)!) means, how blessed is Paradise as a reward for t heir good deeds. And what an excellent Murt afaq means, and how good a place t o dwell and rest and st ay. Previously, Allah had said of Hell,

びゅ⇔ボヘ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ゲョ⊥ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠シヱ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠ゲゼ ｚ ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ぴ (Terrible is t he drink, and an evil place of rest (Murt afaq)!) ぴ18:29び. In a similar way, He cont rast s t he t wo (Paradise and Hell) in Surat Al-Furqan, where He says:

び ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠シ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ぴ (Evil indeed it (Hell) is as an abode, and as a place t o rest in.) ぴ25:66び. Then He ment ions t he qualit ies of t he believers, t hen says:

ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ∇ヲボｚ ヤ∠Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ る∠ プ∠ ∇ゲピ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ や⇔ゲ∂ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ∇ろレ∠ ジ ⊥ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ - ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ Βｚ エ ͡ ゎ∠ び ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョ⊥ ヱ∠ (Those will be rewarded wit h t he highest place because of t heir pat ience. Therein t hey shall be met wit h greet ings and t he word of peace and respect . Abiding t herein excellent it is as an abode, and as a place t o rest in.) ぴ25:75-76び

ゅ∠ヨワ͡ ギ͡ ェ ∠Ι ６ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ィ ⊥ ケｚ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ ∇ゆゲ͡ ∇ッや∠ヱぴ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∃ ∇ガレ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヘヘ∠ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レｚ ィ ∠ ユ͡ ヤ͡∇ヌゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ミ⊥ ぺ⊥ ∇ろゎ∠ へ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠わ∇ヤミ͡ - ゅ⇔ハ∇ケコ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゲ∀ ヨ∠ を∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ - や⇔ゲ∠ヰル∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤカ ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲイ ｚ プ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ レ͡ョ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ͡ ゅ∠エΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ エ ͡ ⇒∠ダャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャあ ∀ユ͡ャゅ∠ニ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ レｚ ィ ∠ モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲ∠ヘル∠ ゴぁ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ぁリニ ⊥ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ - や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ギ∠ Β͡らゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ぁリニ ⊥ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ゅヰ∠ ∇レョあ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ｚ ギ∠ ィ ͡Ε ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ れ ぁ キ͡キケぁ リ͡ゃャ∠ヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ホ び ゅ⇔ら∠ヤボ∠ ∇レョ⊥

(32. And put forward t o t hem t he example of t wo men: unt o one of t hem We had given t wo gardens of grapes, and We had surrounded bot h wit h dat e palms; and had put bet ween t hem green crops (cult ivat ed fields).) (33. Each of t hose t wo gardens brought fort h it s produce, and failed not in t he least t herein, and We caused a river t o gush fort h in t he midst of bot h.) (34. And he had Thamar, and he said t o his companion in t he course of discussion: "I am great er t han you in wealt h and have a might ier ent ourage.'') (35. And he went int o his garden while having been unj ust t o himself. He said: "I do not t hink t hat t his will ever perish.'') (36. "And I do not t hink t he Hour will ever come, and if indeed I am brought back t o my Lord, I surely, shall find bet t er t han t his when I ret urn t o Him.'')

The Example of the Rich Idolators and the Poor Muslims Aft er ment ioning t he idolat ors who were t oo arrogant t o sit wit h t he poor and weak among Muslims, showing off before t hem wit h t heir wealt h and noble lineage, Allah t hen gives a parable for t hem of t wo men, one of whom Allah gave t wo gardens of grapes, surrounded wit h palm t rees and cult ivat ed wit h crops t hroughout . All of t he t rees and plant s were abundant ly fruit ful, providing readily accessible, good qualit y produce. Allah says:

びゅ∠ヰヤ∠ミ⊥ ぺ⊥ ∇ろゎ∠ へ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠わ∇ヤミ͡ ぴ (Each of t hose t wo gardens brought fort h it s produce,) meaning, produced it s fruit s,

びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ユ͡ ヤ͡∇ヌゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and failed not in t he least t herein,) meaning, not hing at all was diminishing.

び⇔やゲ∠ヰル∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤカ ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲイ ｚ プ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We caused a river t o gush fort h in t he midst of bot h.) means, rivers were flowing t hrough t hem here and t here.

び∀ゲヨ∠ を∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And he had Thamar,) It was said t hat what was meant here was wealt h, and it was said t hat what was meant were fruit s, which is t he more apparent meaning here. This is also support ed by t he alt ernat ive recit at ion, Thumr, which is t he plural of Thamrah (fruit ) j ust as Khushb is t he plural of Khashab (wood). Ot hers recit e it as Thamar.

び∠メゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ (and he said) t he owner of t he t wo gardens

び⊥ロケ⊥ ヱ͡ ゅ∠エΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ エ ͡ ⇒∠ダャ∠ぴ

(t o his companion in t he course of discussion) means, while he was disput ing wit h him and boast ing t o him and showing off,

び⇔やゲ∠ヘル∠ ゴぁ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ レ͡ョ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ぴ (I am great er t han you in wealt h and have a might ier ent ourage.) meaning, ` I have more servant s, at t endant s and children.' Qat adah said, "This, by Allah, is t he wish of t he immoral t o have a lot of wealt h and a large ent ourage. R

び͡ヮジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャあ ∀ユ͡ャゅ∠ニ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ レｚ ィ ∠ モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And he went int o his garden having been unj ust t o himself.) meaning, in his disbelief, rebellion, arrogance and denial of t he Hereaft er.

び⇔やギ∠よぺ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ギ∠ Β͡らゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ぁリニ ⊥ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "I do not t hink t his will ever perish.'') Thus he was allowing himself t o be deceived because of t he plant s, fruit s and t rees t hat he saw, and t he rivers flowing t hrough t he different part s of his gardens. He t hought t hat it could never come t o an end or cease or be dest royed. This was because of his lack of underst anding and t he weakness of his fait h in Allah, and because he was enamored wit h t his world and it s adornment s, and because he disbelieved in t he Hereaft er. So he said:

び⇔るヨ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ホ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ぁリニ ⊥ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ("And I do not t hink t he Hour will ever come...'') meaning, will ever happen

び⇔ゅら∠ヤボ∠ ∇レョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ｚ ギ∠ ィ ͡Ε ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ れ ぁ キ͡キケぁ リ͡ゃ∠ャ∠ヱぴ (and if indeed I am brought back t o my Lord, I surely shall find bet t er t han t his when I ret urn t o Him.) meaning, ` if t here is a Hereaft er and a ret urn t o Allah, t hen I will have a bet t er share t han t his wit h my Lord, for if it were not t hat I am dear t o Him, He would not have given me all t his.' As Allah says elsewhere:

びヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ヤャ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヴ͡ャ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇バィ あ ケぁ リ͡ゃ∠ャ∠ヱぴ (But if I am brought back t o my Lord, surely t here will be for me t he best wit h Him.) ぴ41:50び

Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ョ リ ｚ Β∠ ゎ∠ ヱΕ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ン͡グャｚや ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ ヱ∠

(Have you seen him who disbelieved in Our Ayat and said: "I shall cert ainly be given wealt h and children ぴif I will be alive again).'')ぴ19:77び He t ook it for grant ed t hat Allah would give him t his, wit hout any sound evidence for t hat . The reason why t his Ayah was revea- led was because of Al-` As bin Wa'il, as we will explain in t he appropriat e place, if Allah wills. In Allah we put our t rust .

ン͡グャｚゅ͡よ れ ∠ ∇ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ケ⊥ ヲ͡ ⇒∠エΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ エ ͡ ⇒∠タ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ -Κ ⇔ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ポ ∠ やｚヲシ ∠ ｚユを⊥ る∃ ヘ∠ ∇トルぁ リ͡ョ ｚユを⊥ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲゎ⊥ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ Ι∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴあよ∠ゲ͡よ ポ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇セぺ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ リ ｚ ム͡ ャｚ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ り∠ ヲｚ ホ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ゅ∠ョ ろ ∠ ∇ヤホ⊥ マ ∠ わ∠ レｚ ィ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ キ∠ ∇クま͡ ラ∠ぺ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ∠ジバプ - や⇔ギャ∠ヱ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ レ͡ョ モ ｚ ホ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ ラ ͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡ま リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ら∇ジェ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ マ ∠ わ͡ レｚ ィ ∠ リあョ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ リ ͡ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ワぼ⊥ べ∠ョ ウ ∠ ら͡ ∇ダΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ - ゅ⇔ボャ∠コ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡バタ ∠ ウ ∠ ら͡ ∇ダわ⊥ プ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや び ゅ⇔らヤ∠デ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ノ∠ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ や⇔ケ∇ヲビ ∠ (37. His companion said t o him during his discussion: "Do you disbelieve in Him Who creat ed you out of dust , t hen out of Nut fah, t hen fashioned you int o a man'') (38. "But as for my part , (I believe) t hat He is Allah, my Lord, and none shall I associat e as part ner wit h my Lord.'') (39. "It was bet t er for you t o say, when you ent ered your garden: ` That which Allah wills! There is no power but wit h Allah!' If you see me less t han you in wealt h, and children,'') (40. "It may be t hat my Lord will give me somet hing bet t er t han your garden, and will send on it Husban from t he sky, t hen it will be as a barren slippery eart h.'') (41. "Or t he wat er t hereof becomes Ghawran so t hat you will never be able t o seek it .'')

The Response of the Poor Believer Allah t ells us how t he rich man's believing companion replied t o him, warning and rebuking him for his disbelief in Allah and allowing himself t o be deceived.

び∃ゆや∠ゲゎ⊥ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よ れ ∠ ∇ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Do you disbelieve in Him Who creat ed you out of dust ...) This is a denunciat ion, point ing out t he seriousness of his rej ect ion of his Lord Who creat ed and formed man out of dust -- t hat is, refering t o Adam -- t hen made his offspring from despised liquid, as Allah says:

び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠Β∇ェほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ゎヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ぴ (How can you disbelieve in Allah Seeing t hat you were dead and He gave you life) ぴ2:28び meaning, how can you rej ect your Lord and His clear signs t o you, which every one recognizes in himself, for t here is no one among His creat ures who does not know t hat he was not hing, t hen he came t o be, and his exist ence is not due t o himself or any ot her creat ure. He knows t hat his exist ence is due t o his Creat or, beside Whom t here is no ot her god, t he Creat or of all t hings. So t he believer said:

びヴあよケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ リ ｚ ム͡ ャｚぴ (But as for my part , (I believe) t hat He is Allah, my Lord,) meaning, ` I do not say what you say; rat her I acknowledge t he Oneness and Lordship of Allah,'

びや⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴあよゲ∠ よ͡ ポ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇セぺ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and none shall I associat e as part ner wit h my Lord. ) meaning, He is Allah, t he One Who is t o be worshipped Alone, wit h no part ner or associat e. Then he said:

り∠ ヲｚ ホ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ゅ∠ョ ろ ∠ ∇ヤホ⊥ マ ∠ わ∠ レｚ ィ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ キ∠ ∇クま͡ Ι∇ヲ∠ャ∠ヱぴ び や⇔ギャ∠ヱ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ レ͡ョ モ ｚ ホ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ ラ ͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ (It was bet t er for you t o say, when you ent ered your garden, ` That which Allah wills! There is no power but wit h Allah!' If you see me less t han you in wealt h, and children.) Here he was urging and encouraging him t o say t hat , as if he was saying, "When you ent ered your garden and looked at it and liked it , why would'nt you praise Allah for t he blessings He gave you and t he wealt h and children t hat He has given t o you and not t o ot hers Why did you not say ` That which Allah wills! There is no power but wit h Allah!''' One of t he Salaf said, "Whoever is delight ed wit h somet hing in his circumst ances or his wealt h or his children, let him say, ` That which Allah wills! There is no power but wit h Allah!''' This is based on t his Ayah. It was report ed in t he Sahih from Abu Musa t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ゅ∠ャヱ∠ メ ∠ ∇ヲェ ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∨͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや コ͡ ヲ⊥レミ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゴ∃ ∇レミ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャぁキ⊥ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» «ぶゅ͡よ ゅｚャま͡ り∠ ヲｚ ホ⊥ (Shall I not t ell you about some of t he t reasure of Paradise La hawla wa la quwwat a illa billah (There is no power or might but wit h Allah).)

び∠マわ͡ レｚ ィ ∠ リあョ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ リ ͡ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ∠ジバプぴ (It may be t hat my Lord will give me somet hing bet t er t han your garden, ) in t he Hereaft er

びゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and will send on it ) on your garden in t his world, which you t hink will never come t o an end or cease t o be,

び͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ら∇ジェ ⊥ぴ (Husban from t he sky,) Ibn ` Abbas, Ad-Dahhak and Qat adah said -- and Malik narrat ed t hat AzZuhri said -- a punishment from heaven. The apparent meaning is t hat it is a might y rain which would disrupt his garden and uproot it s plant s and t rees. As he said:

びゅ⇔ボャ∠コ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡バタ ∠ ウ ∠ ら͡ ∇ダわ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (t hen it will be as a barren slippery eart h.) meaning, smoot h mud in which one cannot get a foot hold. Ibn ` Abbas said, "Like land wit hout veget at ion, where not hing grows.''

びや⇔ケ∇ヲビ ∠ ゅ∠ワぼ⊥ べ∠ョ ウ ∠ ら͡ ∇ダΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or t he wat er t hereof becomes Ghawran) means, it disappears int o t he eart h, which is t he opposit e of flowing wat er t hat seeks t he surface of t he eart h. So Gha'ir is t o go lower. as Allah says:

∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ や⇔ケ∇ヲビ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ョ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びリ ∃ Β͡バョｚ ￢∃ べ∠ヨよ͡ (Say: "Tell me! If your wat er were Ghawran, who t hen can supply you wit h flowing wat er'') ぴ67: 30び meaning, wat er t hat flows in all direct ions. And here Allah says:

び ゅ⇔らヤ∠デ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ノ∠ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ や⇔ケ∇ヲビ ∠ ゅ∠ワぼ⊥ べ∠ョ ウ ∠ ら͡ ∇ダΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or t he wat er t hereof (of t he gardens) becomes deep-sunken (underground) so t hat you will never be able t o seek it .) Ghawr is from t he same root as Gha'ir and has a similar meaning, but is more int ensive.

ペ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヘｚ ミ∠ ょ ⊥ あヤボ∠ Α⊥ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ん∠ よ͡ テ ∠ Β͡ェぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユャ∠ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βヤ∠Α メ ⊥ ヲボ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰセ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲハ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∀ Α∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠カ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Α る∀ ゃ∠ プ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚャ リ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ - や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴあよゲ∠ よ͡ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇セぺ⊥

る⊥ Β∠ ⇒∠ャヲ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ - や⇔ゲ͡ダわ∠ ∇レョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ び ゅ⇔ら∇ボハ ⊥ ゲ∀ ∇Βカ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ヲを∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ (42. So his fruit s were encircled (wit h ruin). And began Yuqallibu his hands over what he had spent upon it , while it was all dest royed on it s t rellises, and he could only say: "Would t hat I had ascribed no part ners t o my Lord!") (43. And he had no group of men t o help him against Allah, nor could he defend (or save) himself.) (44. There (on t he Day of Resurrect ion), AlWalayah will be for Allah (Alone), t he True God. He (Allah) is t he best for reward and t he best for t he final end.)

The Evil Results of Kufr Allah says:

び͡ロゲ͡ ヨ∠ ん∠ よ͡ テ ∠ Β͡ェぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (So his fruit s were encircled), meaning his wealt h, or according t o t he ot her opinion, his crops. What is meant is t hat what t his disbeliever was afraid of and what t he believer had t errified him act ually had happened. A st orm st ruck his garden, a garden which he had erroneously t hought would last forever, dist ract ing him from t hought s of Allah, may He be glorified.

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ペ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヘｚ ミ∠ ょ ⊥ あヤボ∠ Α⊥ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ぴ (And he began Yuqallibu his hands over what he had spent upon it ,) Qat adah said: "He was clasping his hands t oget her in a gest ure of regret and grief for t he wealt h he had lost .''

ヮ⊥ ｚャ リ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴあよゲ∠ よ͡ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇セぺ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βヤ∠Α メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∀るゃ∠ プ͡ (and he could only say: "Would t hat I had ascribed no part ners t o my Lord!" And he had no group of men) meaning a clan or children, as he had vainly boast ed,

マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ や⇔ゲ͡ダわ∠ ∇レョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Αぴ びあペエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ る⊥ ∠Β⇒∠ャ∠ヲ∇ャや (t o help him against Allah, nor could he defend himself. There, Al-Walayah will be for Allah, t he True God.) Here t here are differences in recit at ion. Some of t he recit ers pause at t he word t here,

び∠マャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ や⇔ゲ͡ダわ∠ ∇レョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (nor could he defend himself t here. ), i.e., at t hat t ime, when Allah sends t he punishment upon him, t here will be no one t o save him. Then t hey st art t he next phrase wit h Al-Walayah;

びあペ∠エ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ る⊥ Β∠ ⇒∠ャヲ∠ ∇ャやぴ (Al-Walayah will be for Allah, t he True God.) Some of t hem pause at t he phrase

び⇔やゲ͡ダわ∠ ∇レョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (nor could he defend himself) and st art t he next phrase;

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ る⊥ Β∠ ⇒∠ャヲ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ ぴ (There, Al-Walayah will be for Allah, t he True God.) There is a furt her difference in t he recit at ion of t he word Al-Walayah. Some read it as Al-Walayah, which gives t he meaning t hat all allegiance will be t o Allah, i.e., on t hat Day everyone, believer or disbeliever, will ret urn t o Allah, for allegiance and submission t o Him when t he punishment comes t o pass. This is like t he Ayah:

ゅ∠ル∇ゲヘ∠ ⇒∠ミヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠レシ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ (So when t hey saw Our punishment , t hey said: "We believe in Allah Alone and rej ect (all) t hat we used t o associat e wit h Him as part ners.'') ぴ40:84び and Allah says concerning t he Fir` awn;

ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ら∠ ∇ゎほ∠プ∠ ゲ∠ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レら∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ル∇コヱ∠ ゅ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ベ ⊥ ゲ∠ ピ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ミ∠ ケ∠ ∇キぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ や⇔ヱ∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∇ピよ∠ ロ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲレ∠よ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ろレ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ン͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒͡ャま͡ Ι ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ろ ⊥ レ∠ョや∠￢ ろ ∠ ∇Βダ ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ャ∠や∠￢ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ びリ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ (Till when drowning overt ook him, he said: "I believe t hat none has t he right t o be worshipped but He in Whom t he Children of Israel believe, and I am one of t he Muslims.'' Now! While you

refused t o believe before and you were one of t he mischief-makers.) ぴ10:90-91び Some ot hers read it as Al-Wilayah, meaning t hat on t hat Day t he rule will belong t o Allah, t he True God. Some read Haqqu (True) refering t o Al-Wilayah, as in t he Ayah;

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャやぴ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ジハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (The sovereignt y on t hat Day will be t he t rue (sovereignt y), belonging t o t he Most Gracious (Allah), and it will be a hard Day for t he disbelievers) ぴ25:26び. Ot hers it read Haqqi referring t o Allah, may He be glorified, as in t he Ayah:

びあペ∠エ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱぁキケ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then t hey are ret urned t o Allah, t heir True Prot ect or.) ぴ6:62び So Allah says:

びゅ⇔ら∇ボハ ⊥ ゲ∀ ∇Βカ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ヲを∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He (Allah) is t he best t o reward and t he best for t he final end.) for deeds t hat were done for t he sake of Allah, t heir reward is good and t heir consequences are all good.

ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャ∠ゴ∇ル∠ぺ ￢∃ べ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ん∠ ョｚ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ∇ゆゲ͡ ∇ッや∠ヱぴ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや れ ⊥ ゅ∠らル∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ テ ∠ ヤ∠わ∠ ∇カゅ∠プ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゥ ⊥ ゅΑあゲャや ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ケ∇グゎ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ゼワ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや る⊥ レ∠ Α͡コ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや - や⇔ケギ͡ わ∠ ∇ボョぁ ゲ∀ ∇Βカ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ヲを∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ れ ⊥ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや れ ⊥ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや∠ヱ びΚ ⇔ ョ∠ ぺ∠ (45. And ment ion t he parable of t he worldly life: it is like t he wat er which We send down from t he sky, and t he veget at ion of t he eart h mingles wit h it , and becomes fresh and green. But (lat er) it becomes dry and broken pieces, which t he winds scat t er. And Allah is able t o do everyt hing.) (46. Wealt h and children are t he adornment of t he life of t his world. But t he good right eous deeds t hat last , are bet t er wit h your Lord for reward and bet t er for hope.)

The Parable of the Worldly Life

Allah says:

びユ⊥ヰャ∠ ∇ゆゲ͡ ∇ッや∠ヱぴ (And ment ion) O Muhammad, t o t he people,

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ぴ (t he parable of t he worldly life), it s t ransient nat ure and how it will event ually cease and come t o an end.

れ ⊥ ゅ∠らル∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ テ ∠ ヤ∠わ∠ ∇カゅ∠プ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∃￢べ∠ヨ∠ミぴ び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘや (it is like t he wat er which We send down from t he sky, and t he veget at ion of t he eart h mingles wit h it ,) It mingles wit h t he seeds t hat are in t he eart h, so t hey grow and become good, producing bright , fresh flowers, t hen aft er t hat ,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ゼワ∠ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ぴ (it becomes dry and broken pieces,) wit hered up,

び⊥ゥゅΑあゲャや ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ケ∇グゎ∠ ぴ (which t he winds scat t er.) t ossing t hem about right and left .

びや⇔ケギ͡ わ∠ ∇ボョぁ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah is able t o do everyt hing) He has t he power t o do t his and t hat . In t he Qur'an Allah oft en gives parables like t his of t he life of t his world, as He says in Surah Yunus,

￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ￢∃ べ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや れ ⊥ ゅ∠らル∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ テ ∠ ヤ∠わ∠ ∇カゅ∠プ び⊥ユ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や∠ヱ (The parable of t he worldly life is but t hat of wat er which We send down from t he sky so by it arises t he int ermingled produce of t he eart h of which men and cat t le eat . ..) ぴ10:24び and in Surat Az-Zumar:

ヮ⊥ ム∠ ヤ∠ジ ∠ プ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ゅ⇔ヘ͡ヤわ∠ ∇ガョぁ ゅ⇔ハ∇ケコ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ノ∠ Β͡よゅ∠レΑ∠ び⊥ヮル⊥ や∠ヲ∇ャぺ∠ s(See you not t hat Allah sends down wat er from t he sky, and causes it t o penet rat e t he eart h, t hen out from it comes crops of different colors.) ぴ39:21び and in Surat Al-Hadid:

∀るレ∠ Α͡コヱ∠ ヲ∀ ∇ヰャ∠ヱ∠ ょ ∀ バ͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハやぴ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ギ͡ ⇒∇ャ∇ヱΙ ｘ や∠ヱ メ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∀ゲを⊥ ゅ∠ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∀ゲカ ⊥ ゅ∠ヘ∠ゎ∠ヱ び⊥ヮゎ⊥ ゅ∠らル∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや ょ ∠ イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ゑ ∃ ∇Βビ ∠ (Know t hat t he life of t his world is only play and amusement , pomp and mut ual boast ing among you, and rivalry in respect of wealt h and children. (It is) like t he parable of veget at ion aft er rain, t hereof t he growt h is pleasing t o t he t iller...) ぴ57:20び and in t he Sahih Hadit h:

«り∠ゲツ ͡ カ ∠ ∀り∠ヲ∇ヤェ ⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや» (This world is sweet and green.)

Between Wealth and Good Deeds

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや る⊥ レ∠ Α͡コ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャやぴ (Wealt h and children are t he adornment of t he life of t his world.) This is like t he Ayah:

リ ∠ Β͡レら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ヰ∠ ゼ ｚ ャや ぁょェ ⊥ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ リ ∠ Αあ コ⊥ ぴ び͡ょワ∠ グｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ ト ∠ レ∠ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ͡ Β͡ト⇒∠レボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (Beaut ified for men is t he love of t hings t hey covet ; women, children, vault ed hoards of gold...) ぴ3:14び. Allah says:

∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ (Your wealt h and your children are only a t rial, whereas Allah! Wit h Him is a great reward (Paradise).) ぴ64:15び t urning t owards Allah and worshipping Him is bet t er for you t han keeping busy wit h t hem, and accumulat ing wealt h for t hem and going t o ext remes in feeling pit y and compassion for t hem. Allah says:

ゅ⇔よや∠ヲを∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ れ ⊥ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや れ ⊥ ゅ∠Β͡ボ⇒∠ら∇ャや∠ヱぴ び⇔Κョ∠ ぺ∠ ゲ∀ ∇Βカ ∠ ヱ∠ (But t he good right eous deeds t hat last , are bet t er wit h your Lord for reward and bet t er for hope.) Ibn ` Abbas, Sa` id bin Jubayr and ot hers among t he Salaf said t hat t he good right eous deeds t hat last are t he five daily prayers. ` At a' bin Abi Rabah and Sa` id bin Jubayr narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas, "The good right eous deeds t hat last are ` Subhan Allah (glory be t o Allah)', ` Al-Hamdu Lillah (praise be t o Allah)', ` La ilaha illallah (t here is none wort hy of worship except Allah)', and ` Allahu Akbar (Allah is Most Great ).'" The Commander of t he fait hful, ` Ut hman bin ` Affan was quest ioned, "Which are t he good right eous deeds t hat last '' He replied, "They are: ` La ilaha illallah, Subhan Allah, Al-Hamdu Lillah, Allahu Akbar and La hawla wa la quwwat a illa billah hil-` Aliyil-` Azim (t here is no st rengt h and no power except wit h Allah t he Exalt ed, t he Almight y).''' This was recorded by Imam Ahmad. Imam Ahmad also recorded from a freed slave of t he Messenger of Allah t hat he said:

ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ :ラ ͡ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ヶ͡プ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠ボ∠ ∇をぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ザ ∃ ∇ヨガ ∠ ャ͡ オ ∃ よ∠ オ ∃ よ∠ » ギ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩͡ぶ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩͡ぶや ラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ゲら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や∠ヱ ぶ ⊥ や オ ∃ よ∠ オ ∃ よ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ャ͡や∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ジ ͡ わ∠ ∇エΒ∠ プ∠ ヴｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α⊥ ウ ⊥ ャ͡ゅｚダャや :る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ よ͡ ゅ⇔レボ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ぶ ∠ や ヶ ∠ ボ͡ ャ∠ ∇リョ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヨガ ∠ ャ͡ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや∠ヱ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ∩͡ゲカ ͡ べ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ «ゆゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ∩͡れ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゑ ͡ ∇バら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ (Well done! Well done for five t hings! (How heavy t hey will weigh in t he balance! "La ilaha illallah, Allahu Akbar, Subhan Allah, and Al-Hamdu Lillah,'' and a right eous son who dies and his parent s seek t he reward of Allah.) And he said: (Well done! Well done for five t hings! Whoever meet s Allah believing in t hem, he will ent er Paradise; if he believes in Allah, t he Last Day, Paradise and Hell, resurrect ion aft er deat h, and t he Reckoning).

び⊥れゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや れ ⊥ ゅ∠Β͡ボ⇒∠ら∇ャや∠ヱぴ (t he good right eous deeds t hat last , ) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "This is t he celebrat ion of t he remembrance of Allah, saying ` La ilaha illallah, Allahu Akbar, Subhan Allah, Al-Hamdu Lillah, Tabarak Allah, La hawla wa la quwwat a illa billah, Ast aghfirallah, Sallallahu ` ala Rasul-Allah', and fast ing, prayer, Haj j , Sadaqah (charit y), freeing slaves, Jihad, maint aining t ies of kinship, and all ot her good deeds. These are t he right eous good deeds t hat last , which will remain in Paradise for t hose who do t hem for as long as heaven and eart h remain.'' Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas: "They are good words.'' ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, "They are all right eous deeds.'' This was also t he view chosen by Ibn Jarir, may Allah have mercy on him.

り⇔ コ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠よ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ン∠ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ あΒジ ∠ ル⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ "ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ハ ⊥ ヱ∠ - や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ケキ͡ ゅ∠ピル⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲゼ ∠ェ ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚ ゅ∠ヘタ ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ∠ ッ ͡ ヱ⊥ ヱ∠ - や⇔ギハ ͡ ∇ヲョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イルｚ リｚャぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨハ ∠ コ∠ ∇モよ∠ り∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅｚヨョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ゲわ∠ プ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ケ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠ピΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰャ͡ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∠わ∠ヤ∇Α∠ヲΑ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠ィ∠ヱ∠ヱ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ダ∇ェぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ り⇔ ゲ∠ Β͡らミ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ Β͡ピタ ∠ び や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲッ ͡ ゅ∠ェ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ (47. And (remember) t he Day We shall cause t he mount ains t o pass away, and you will see t he eart h as a levelled plain, and We shall gat her t hem so t hat We will leave not one of t hem behind. ) (48. And t hey will be set before your Lord, aligned. (He will say:) "Now indeed, you have come t o Us as We creat ed you t he first t ime. Nay, but you t hought t hat We had appoint ed no meet ing for you (wit h Us).'') (49. And t he Book will be produced, and you will see t he criminals, fearful of t hat which is t herein. They will say: "Woe t o us! What sort of Book is t his t hat leaves neit her a small t hing nor a large t hing, but has recorded it wit h numbers!'' And t hey will find all t hat t hey did, present , and your Lord t reat s no one wit h inj ust ice.)

The Major Terrors of the Hour Allah t ells us of t he t errors of t he Day of Resurrect ion, and t he awesome t hings t hat will come t o pass, as He says elsewhere:

び や⇔ゲ∇Βシ ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Β͡ジゎ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ケ∇ヲョ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day when t he heaven will shake wit h a dreadful shaking, And t he mount ains pass moving away.) ぴ52:9-10び meaning, t hey will move from t heir places and will vanish. As Allah says:

ゲｚ ョ∠ ぁゲヨ⊥ ゎ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ィ ゅ∠ヰら⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ン∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ び͡ゆゅ∠エジ ｚ ャや (And you will see t he mount ains and t hink t hem solid, but t hey shall pass away as t he passing away of t he clouds.) ぴ27:88び

びス ͡ ヲ⊥ヘレ∠ヨ∇ャや リ ͡ ∇ヰバ͡ ∇ャゅ∠ミ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he mount ains will be like carded wool.) ぴ101:5び

- ゅ⇔ヘ∇ジル∠ ヴあよケ∠ ゅ∠ヰヘ⊥ ジ ͡ レ∠Α ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ Ι∠ヱ ゅ⇔ィ∠ヲハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ン∠ゲゎ∠ Ι ｚ - ゅ⇔ヘ∠ダ∇ヘタ ∠ ゅ⇔ハゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ワケ⊥ グ∠ Β∠ プ∠ び ゅ⇔わ∇ョぺ∠ (And t hey ask you about t he mount ains, say: "My Lord will pulverize t hem scat t ering ぴt heir dust び. To leave t hem as a barren plain. You will not see in it crookness or curve.) ぴ20:105-107び Allah t ells us t hat He will cause t he mount ains t o vanish and be levelled, and t he eart h will be left as a smoot h plain, a level surface wit h not hing crooked or curved t herein, no valleys or mount ains. So Allah says:

び⇔りコ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠よ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ン∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ (and you will see t he eart h as a levelled plain, ) meaning clear and open, wit h no feat ures t hat anyone may recognize and not hing for anyone t o hide behind. All creat ures will be visible t o t heir Lord, and not one of t hem will be hidden from Him. Muj ahid and Qat adah said,

び⇔りコ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠よ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ン∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ (and you will see t he eart h as a levelled plain,) "No one will be hidden or absent .'' Qat adah said, "There will be no buildings and no t rees.''

び⇔やギ∠ェぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ケ͡キゅ∠ピル⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲ∠ゼ∠ェ∠ヱぴ (and we shall gat her t hem, so t hat We will not leave one of t hem behind.) means, ` We shall gat her t hem all, t he first of t hem and t he last of t hem, and We shall not leave anyone behind, young or old.' As Allah says:

ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハヲ⊥ヨ∇イヨ∠ ャ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び ュ∃ ヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ボΒ͡ョ (Say: "(yes) verily, t hose of old, and t hose of lat er t imes. All will surely be gat hered t oget her for an appoint ed meet ing of a known Day.) ぴ56:49,50び

び∀キヲ⊥ヰ∇ゼョｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∀ネヲ⊥ヨ∇イョｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (That is a Day whereon mankind will be gat hered t oget her, and t hat is a Day when all will be present ) ぴ11:103び.

びゅ∠ヘタ ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッ͡ゲハ ⊥ ∠ヱぴ (And t hey will be set before your Lord, aligned.) This may mean t hat all of creat ion will st and before Allah in one row, as Allah says:

Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤｚ∠ム∠わ∠Α Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ヘ∂ タ ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔よや∠ヲタ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ (The Day t hat Ar-Ruh (Jibril) and t he angels will st and aligned, t hey will not speak except him whom t he Most Gracious (Allah) allows, and he will speak what is right ) ぴ78:38び; or it may mean t hat t hey will st and in rows, as Allah says:

び ゅ⇔ヘ∂ タ ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ∂ タ ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ (And your Lord comes wit h t he angels in rows.) ぴ89:22び

び∃りゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ (Now indeed, you have come t o Us as We creat ed you t he first t ime.) This is a rebuke t o t hose who denied t he Hereaft er, a reprimand before all creat ion. This is why Allah says t o t hem:

びや⇔ギハ ͡ ∇ヲョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イルｚ リｚャぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨハ ∠ コ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, but you t hought t hat We had appoint ed no meet ing for you (wit h Us).), meaning, you did not t hink t hat t his would happen t o you or t hat it would come t o pass.

び⊥ょ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ノ∠ ッ ͡ ヱ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he Book will be produced,) t he Book of deeds, which cont ains a record of everyt hing, maj or or minor, significant or insignificant , great or small.

び͡ヮΒ͡プ ゅｚヨョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ゲわ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and you will see t he criminals, fearful of t hat which is t herein.) of t heir evil deeds and reprehensible act ions.

びゅ∠レわ∠ ヤ∠∇Αヲ∠ Α ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (They will say, "Woe t o us!'') expressing words of regret for having wast ed t heir lives.

Ι ｚ ま͡ り⇔ ゲ∠ Β͡らミ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ Β͡ピタ ∠ ケ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠ピΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰャ͡ ゅ∠ョぴ びゅ∠ワゅ∠ダ∇ェぺ∠ (What sort of Book is t his t hat leaves neit her a small t hing nor a large t hing, but has recorded it wit h numbers!) it has left no sin, maj or or minor, and no act ion, no mat t er how small, but it has recorded it wit h t he ut most precision and accuracy.

びや⇔ゲッ ͡ ゅ∠ェ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will find all t hat t hey did, present ,) everyt hing, bot h good and evil, as Allah says,

びや⇔ゲツ ∠ ∇エョぁ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚョ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ギ⊥ イ ͡ ゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day when every person will be conf ront ed wit h all t he good he has done) ぴ3:30び. Allah says:

び ゲ∠ カ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ グ͡ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ほ⊥ｚらレ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (On t hat Day man will be informed of what he sent forward, and what he left behind.) ぴ75:13び And Allah says:

び ゲ⊥ も͡ へ∠ゲジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤ∇らゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day when all t he secret s will be exposed. ) ぴ86:9び meaning, everyt hing t hat is hidden in people's heart s will become known. Imam Ahmad recorded from Anas t hat t he Prophet said,

«ヮ͡よ フ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀￢や∠ヲ͡ャ ケ∃ キ͡ ゅ∠ビ あモム⊥ ャ͡» (Every t rait or will have a banner on t he Day of Resurrect ion, by which he will be known.) It was also narrat ed in t he Two Sahihs, where one narrat ion says,

ヮ͡ わ͡ ∇シや ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀￢や∠ヲ͡ャ ケ∃ キ͡ ゅ∠ビ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ノ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ » «ラゅ∠ヤプ⊥ リ ͡ ∇よ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヤプ⊥ り⊥ ケ∠ ∇ギビ ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ∩͡ヮゎ͡ ケ∠ ∇ギビ ∠ ケ͡ ∇ギボ∠ よ͡ (On t he Day of Resurrect ion, for every t rait or a banner will be erect ed by his backside, and it will be said, "This is t he bet rayer of so-and-so t he son of so-and-so.'')

びや⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and your Lord t reat s no one wit h inj ust ice.) means, He will j udge bet ween His creat ures for all of t heir deeds, and He will not t reat any of His creat ures wit h inj ust ice. He will overlook and forgive and have mercy, and He will punish whomever He wills by His power, wisdom and j ust ice. He will fill Hell wit h t he disbelievers and t hose who have been disobedient . Then He will rescue t he disobedient , and leave t he disbelievers t here for et ernit y. He is t he Judge Who never wrongs or oppresses. Allah says:

る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ マ ⊥ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びゅ∠ヰ∇ヘバ͡ ⇒∠ツΑ⊥ (Surely, Allah wrongs not even of t he weight of a speck of dust , but if t here is any good, He doubles it .) ぴ4:40び

ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ヌゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ テ ∠ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ Α͡コヲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ツ ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び⇔ゅゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル (And We shall set up Balances of j ust ice on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hen none will be dealt wit h unj ust ly in anyt hing.) Unt il His saying;

び∠リΒ͡らジ ͡ ⇒∠ェぴ (t o t ake account ) ぴ21:47び And t here are many similar Ayat . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Muhammad bin ` Aqil heard Jabir bin ` Abdullah say, "I was t old about a Hadit h which a man heard from t he Prophet , so I bought a camel and put my saddle on it , t hen I t raveled on it for a mont h unt il I came t o Ash-Sham, where ` Abdullah bin Unays was. I said t o t he doorkeeper, ` Tell him t hat Jabir is at t he door.' He said, ` Jabir bin ` Abdullah' I said, ` Yes.' So he came out , st ill put t ing his garment on, and embraced me, and I embraced him, and said: ` I heard a Hadit h narrat ed by you, t hat you heard from t he Messenger of Allah about reciprocal punishment s. I was afraid t hat you or I would die before I could hear it .' He said, ` I heard t he Messenger of Allah say:

:メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ » «ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヰよ⊥ ゅ⇔ャ∇ゲビ ⊥ り⇔ や∠ゲハ ⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャや (Allah will gat her t he people -- or His servant s -- on t he Day of Resurrect ion, naked, uncircumcised and Buhman.) I asked, ` What is Buhman' He said,

∇リョ∠ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ れ ∃ ∇ヲダ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡キゅ∠レΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩∀￢∇ヶセ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ャ ラ ⊥ ゅｚΑギｚ ャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ∩⊥マヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ :ゆ ∠ ゲ⊥ ホ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ギ∠ バ⊥ よ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや モ ∠カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ ヶ͡ピら∠ ∇レΑ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚダホ͡ ぺ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ペ ｘェ ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ ヶ͡ピら∠ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚダホ͡ ぺ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ペ ｘェ ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ «る∠ヨ∇トヤｚャや ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ (They will have not hing wit h t hem. Then a voice will call out t o t hem t hat will be heard by t hose far away j ust as easily as it will be heard by t hose near: "I am t he Sovereign, I am t he Judge. None of t he people of Hell should ent er Hell if he is owed somet hing by one of t he people of Paradise, unt il I have set t led t he mat t er, and none of t he people of Paradise should ent er Paradise if he is owed somet hing by one of t he people of Hell, unt il I set t le t he mat t er -even if it is only t he case of a slap.'') We said, ` How will t hat be, when we have come before Allah barefoot ed, naked, uncircumcised and having not hing wit h us' He said,

«れゅ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ れ ͡ ゅ∠レジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ» (By ぴmerit forび good deeds, and ぴrecompenseび for evil deeds.) Shu` bah narrat ed from Al` Awwam bin Muzahim from Abu ` Ut hman from ` Ut hman bin ` Affan, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

«る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゾ ぁ わ∠ ∇ボわ∠ ャ∠ ￢∠ ゅｚヨイ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» (The animal who lost a horn will set t le t he score wit h t he one t hat has horns on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) It was recorded by ` Abdullah t he son of Imam Ahmad, and t here are corroborat ing narrat ions t hrough ot her rout es.

Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ∠ジ ∠ プ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ Γ ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇シや る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ペ ∠ジ ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ザ ∠ Β͡ヤ∇よま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ｚΑあケク⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ わ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ びΙ ⇔ ギ∠ よ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャ ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ (50. And (remember) when We said t o t he angels: "Prost rat e yourselves unt o Adam.'' So t hey prost rat ed t hemselves, except Iblis. He was one of t he Jinn; he disobeyed t he command of his Lord. Will you t hen t ake him and his offspring as prot ect ors and helpers rat her t han Me while t hey are enemies t o you What an evil is t he exchange for t he wrongdoers.)

The Story of Adam and Iblis Allah point s out t o t he Children of Adam t he enmit y of Iblis t owards t hem and t heir fat her before t hem, and rebukes t hose who follow him and go against t heir Creat or and Mast er. It is He who creat ed t hem from not hing and sust ains and nourishes t hem by His kindness, yet t hey st ill t ook Iblis as t heir friend and declared t heir enmit y t owards Allah. So Allah says:

び͡るム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And (remember) when We said t o t he angels), meaning all t he angels, as was ment ioned in t he beginning of Surat Al-Baqarah.

び∠ュキ∠ Ι ６ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇シやぴ (Prost rat e yourselves unt o Adam) a prost rat ion of respect and honour, as Allah says:

リあョ や⇔ゲゼ ∠ よ∠ ∀ペヤ͡⇒∠カ ヴあルま͡ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ろ ⊥ ∇ガヘ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Αｚヲシ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ - ラ ∃ ヲ⊥レ∇ジョｚ み∃ヨ∠ ェ ∠ ∇リョあ モ ∃ ⇒∠ダ∇ヤタ ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ギイ ͡ ⇒∠シ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バボ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡ェヱぁケ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ (And (remember) when your Lord said t o t he angels, "I am going t o creat e a human (Adam) from dried (sounding) clay of alt ered mud. So, when I have fashioned him complet ely and breat hed int o him t he soul which I creat ed for him, t hen fall (you) down prost rat ing yourselves unt o him.) ぴ15:28-29び

びあリイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ザ ∠ Β͡ヤ∇よま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ∠ジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So t hey prost rat ed t hemselves except Iblis. He was one of t he Jinn;) meaning, his original nat ure bet rayed him. He had been creat ed from smokeless fire, whereas t he angels had been creat ed from light , as is st at ed in Sahih Muslim where it is report ed t hat ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

∇リョ͡ ザ ⊥ Β͡ヤ∇よま͡ ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∃ケヲ⊥ル ∇リョ͡ る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ボ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥» «ユ⊥ムャ∠ ブ ∠ タ ͡ ヱ⊥ ゅｚヨョ͡ ュ⊥ キ∠ へ ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∃ケゅ∠ル ∇リョ͡ ァ ∃ ケ͡ ゅ∠ョ (The angels were creat ed from light , Iblis was creat ed from smokeless fire, and Adam was creat ed from t hat which has been described t o you.) When mat t ers are crucial, every vessel leaks t hat which it cont ains and is bet rayed by it s t rue nat ure. Iblis used t o do what t he angels did and resembled t hem in t heir devot ion and worship, so he was included when t hey were addressed, but he disobeyed and went against what he was t old t o do. So Allah point s out here t hat he was one of t he Jinn, i.e., he was creat ed from fire, as He says elsewhere:

び∃リΒ͡デ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚル リ͡ョ ヶ͡レわ∠ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ぴ (I am bet t er t han he. You creat ed me from fire, and You creat ed him from clay.)ぴ38:76び AlHasan Al-Basri said, "Iblis was not one of t he angels, not even for a second. He was t he origin of t he Jinn j ust as Adam, upon him be peace, was t he origin of mankind.'' This was narrat ed by Ibn Jarir wit h a Sahih chain.

び͡ヮよあ ケ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ペ ∠ジ ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ ぴ (he disobeyed t he command of his Lord. ) meaning by st epping beyond t he bounds of obedience t o Allah. Fisq (disobeying) implies going out or st epping beyond. When t he dat e emerges from it s flower, t he verb used in Arabic is Fasaqat ; t he same verb is used t o describe a mouse coming out of it s hole when it comes out t o do damage. Then Allah says, rebuking t hose who follow and obey Iblis:

びヴ͡ルヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ｚΑあケク⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∠ルヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠わ∠プ∠ぺぴ (Will you t hen t ake him and his offspring as prot ect ors and helpers rat her t han Me) meaning, inst ead of Me. This is why Allah says:

び⇔Ιギ∠ よ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャ ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ぴ (What an evil is t he exchange for t he wrongdoers.) This is like t he Ayah in Surah Ya Sin where, aft er ment ioning t he Resurrect ion and it s t errors, and t he ult imat e end of t he blessed and t he doomed, Allah t hen says:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥コゅ∠わ∇ョや∠ヱぴ ((It will be said): "And O you t he criminals! Get you apart t his Day (from t he believers).) unt il;

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ∇やヲル⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Did you not t hen underst and) ぴ36:59-62び

ペ ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎぁ ギ∠ヰ∇セぺ∠ べｚョぴ び や⇔ギ⊥ツハ ∠ リ ∠ Βあヤツ ͡ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ ョ⊥ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ (51. They did not wit ness t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h nor t heir own creat ion, nor did I t ake t hose who mislead as ` Adudan.)

The gods of the Idolators did not witness the Creation of anything, not even Themselves Allah says: ` These whom you t ake as helpers inst ead of Me are creat ures j ust like you. They do not possess anyt hing and did not wit ness t he creat ion of heaven and eart h, because t hey did not exist at t hat t ime.' Allah says, ` I am t he One Who independent ly and exclusively creat es and cont rols all t hings, and I have no part ner, associat e or advisor in t hat .' As Allah says:

∠ラヲ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ヨ∠Α Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨハ ∠ コ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボん⊥ ョ͡

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ Β͡ヰニ ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ポ ∃ ∇ゲセ ͡ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ び⊥ヮャ∠ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ る⊥ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘゼ ｚ ャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠ゎ (Say: "Call upon t hose you claim besides Allah, t hey possess not even a speck of dust in t he heavens or on t he eart h, nor have t hey any share in eit her, nor is t here for Him any assist ant among t hem. Int ercession wit h Him profit s not except for him whom He permit s.) ぴ34:22-23び Similarly Allah says here:

び⇔やギ⊥ツハ ∠ リ ∠ Βあヤツ ͡ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ ョ⊥ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (nor did I t ake t hose who mislead as ` Adudan.) Malik said: "Assist ant s.''

∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨハ ∠ コ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ ∠ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ル メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ - ゅ⇔ボ͡よ∇ヲョｚ ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ギ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥バホ͡ や∠ヲョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲぁレヌ ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ぺケ∠ ヱ∠ び ゅ⇔プゲ͡ ∇ダョ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ (52. And (remember) t he Day He will say: "Call t hose (so-called) part ners of Mine whom you claimed.'' Then t hey will cry unt o t hem, but t hey will not answer t hem, and We shall put Mawbiq bet ween t hem.) (53. And t he criminals shall see t he Fire and apprehend t hat t hey are t o fall t herein. And t hey will find no way of escape from it .)

Their Partners are not able to respond and the Criminals are brought to the Fire Allah t ells us how He will address t he idolat ors on t he Day of Resurrect ion before all of creat ion, rebuking and scolding t hem,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨハ ∠ コ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ ∠ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ルぴ (Call t hose (so-called) part ners of Mine whom you claimed.) meaning, in t he world. Call t hem t oday t o save you from t he sit uat ion you are in! Allah says:

り∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ン∠キや∠ゲプ⊥ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ン∠ゲル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ￢∠ や∠ケヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャヲｚ カ ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨハ ∠ コ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠バヘ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨハ ⊥ ∇ゴゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ムレ∠ハ モ ｚッ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ノ∠ ト ｚ ボ∠ ゎｚ ギ∠ボャ∠ (And t ruly, you have come unt o Us alone as We creat ed you t he first t ime. You have left what you were given behind your backs and We do see not wit h you your int ercessors whom you claimed were your part ners. Now all relat ions bet ween you and t hem have been cut off, and all t hat you used t o claim has vanished from you.) ぴ6:94び

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ギ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then t hey will cry unt o t hem, but t hey will not answer t hem.) As Allah says:

∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡イ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ギ∠ プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ (And it will be said (t o t hem): "Call upon t hose part ners of yours,'' t hen t hey will call upon t hem, but t hey will not answer t hem.) ぴ28: 64び And t he Ayah:

Ι ｚ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リｚヨョ͡ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ヮャ∠ ょ ⊥ Β͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (And who is more ast ray t han one who calls ot hers besides Allah, such as will not answer him) ぴ46:5び Unt il t he end of t he t wo Ayat ;

び や⇔ゴ∂ ハ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャあ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や￢ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ び や⇔ギ∂ ッ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠らバ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΒ∠ シ ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (And t hey have t aken gods besides Allah, t hat t hey may grant t hem honor. Nay, but t hey will deny t heir worship of t hem, and become opponent s t o t hem.) ぴ19:81-82び

び⇔ゅボ͡よ∇ヲョｚ ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We shall put Mawbiq bet ween t hem.) Ibn ` Abbas, Qat adah and ot hers said: "Dest ruct ion.'' The meaning is t hat Allah is st at ing t hat t hese idolat ors will have no way of reaching t he gods t hey claimed in t his world. He will separat e t hem in t he Hereaft er and neit her part y will have any means of reaching t he ot her. There will be devast at ion, great horrors and ot her t errible t hings in bet ween t hem. ` Abdullah bin ` Amr underst ood t he pronoun in t he phrase "bet ween t hem" t o refer t o t he believers and t he disbelievers, meaning t hat t he people of guidance and t he people of misguidance will be separat ed. This t hen is like t he Ayat :

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホゲｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And on t he Day when t he Hour will be est ablished -- t hat Day shall (all men) be separat ed. ) ぴ30:14び

び∠ラヲ⊥ハギｚ ダ ｚ ∠Α グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t hat Day men shall be divided.) ぴ30:43び,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥コゅ∠わ∇ョや∠ヱぴ ((It will be said), "And O you t he criminals! Get you apart t his Day (from t he believers).) ぴ36:59び

∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボル∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤΑｚ ゴ∠ プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ (And on t he Day when We shall gat her t hem all t oget her, t hen We shall say t o t hose who j oined part ners, "St op in your place! You and your part ners.'' Then We shall separat e bet ween t hem...) unt il,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And what t hey invent ed will vanish from t hem.) ぴ10:28-30び

ゅ∠ワヲ⊥バホ͡ や∠ヲョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲぁレヌ ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ぺケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔プゲ͡ ∇ダョ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠

(And t he criminals shall see t he Fire and apprehend t hat t hey are t o fall t herein. And t hey will find no way of escape from it .) meaning when t hey see Hell wit h t heir own eyes, since it is being dragged fort h by sevent y t housand reins, each pulled by sevent y t housand angels. When,

び∠ケゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ぺケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (t he criminals shall see t he Fire), t hey will realize t hat t hey cannot escape being t hrown int o it , and t hat will only int esify t heir anxiet y and dist ress, because t he ant icipat ion and fear of punishment is in it self a real punishment .

びゅ⇔プゲ͡ ∇ダョ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will find no way of escape from it .) means, t hey will have no way of fleeing, it will be inevit able.

あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇プゲｚ タ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びΙ ⇔ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ￢∃ ヴ∠セ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡ やラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ モ ∃ ん∠ ョ∠ (54. And indeed We have given every kind of example in t his Qur'an for mankind. But , man is ever more quarrelsome t han anyt hing.)

Examples put forth in the Qur'an Allah says, ` In t his Qur'an, We have explained t o mankind and given clear det ails of mat t ers so t hat t hey will not st ray from t he t rut h or be misled from t he pat h of guidance. Despit e t his explanat ion, man is very quarrelsome and opposes t rut h wit h falsehood,' except for t hose whom Allah guides t o t he pat h of salvat ion. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Ali bin Abi Talib said t hat t he Messenger of Allah came t o visit him and Fat imah, t he daught er of Allah's Messenger at night , and said,

«∨͡ラゅ∠Βヤあダ ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» (Are you not going t o pray) I said, "O Messenger of Allah, our souls are in t he Hand of Allah. If He wills t o wake us, He will wake us.'' When I said t hat , he went away wit hout ret urning. Then I heard him as he was walking away, slapping his t high and saying,

び⇔Ιギ∠ ィ ∠ ￢∃ ヴ∠セ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡ やラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (But , man is ever more quarrelsome t han anyt hing.)'' It was also recorded in t he Two Sahihs.

ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ノ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘ や る⊥ ｚレシ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲル⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - Κ ⇔ ら⊥ ホ⊥ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ モ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ⊥ ギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ケグ͡ レ⊥ョヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲゼ あ ら∠ ョ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ケグ͡ ∇ルぺ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ͡ゎゅ∠Αや￢ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ツェ ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ ャ͡ び や⇔ヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ (55. And not hing prevent s men from believing, while t he guidance has come t o t hem, and from asking forgiveness of t heir Lord, except t hat t he ways of t he ancient s be repeat ed wit h t hem, or t he t orment be brought t o t hem face t o face.) (56. And We send not t he Messengers except as bearers of good news and warners. But t hose who disbelieve, argue wit h falsehood, in order t o refut e t he t rut h t hereby. And t hey t ake My Ayat and t hat which t hey are warned for j est !)

The Rebellion of the Disbelievers Allah t ells us about t he rebellion of t he disbelievers in ancient t imes and in more recent t imes, and how t hey rej ect ed t he obvious t rut h even when t hey wit nessed clear signs and proofs. Not hing st opped t hem from following t he t rut h except t heir demand t o wit ness wit h t heir own eyes t he punishment which t hey were being warned about . As some of t hem said t o t heir Prophet :

リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ヘジ ∠ ミ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇テボ͡ ∇シほ∠プ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや (So cause a piece of t he heaven t o fall on us, if you are of t he t rut hful!) ぴ26:187び, Ot hers said:

び∠リΒ͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レ͡わ∇もやぴ (Bring Allah's t orment upon us if you are one of t he t rut hful.) ぴ29:29び The Quraysh said:

∇ゲト ͡ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ ポ ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ び∃ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ∇もや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠イェ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠

(O Allah! If t his is indeed t he t rut h from You, t hen rain down st ones on us from t he sky or bring upon us a painful t orment .) ぴ8:32び

∀ラヲ⊥レ∇イヨ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ミあグャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴあ ル⊥ ン͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レΒ͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヲャｚ (And t hey say: "O you t o whom t he Reminder has been sent down! Verily, you are a mad man! Why do you not bring angels t o us if you are of t he t rut hful'') ぴ15:6-7び. There are ot her Ayat refering t o t he same t hing. Then Allah says:

び∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘ や る⊥ ｚレシ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except t hat t he ways of t he ancient s be repeat ed wit h t hem,) meaning, t heir overwhelming punishment , dest roying every last one of t hem.

び⇔Κら⊥ ホ⊥ ゆ ⊥ や∠グ∠バ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or t he t orment be brought t o t hem face t o face.) t hey see it wit h t heir own eyes, being direct ly confront ed wit h it . Then Allah says:

び∠リΑ͡ケグ͡ レ⊥ョヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲゼ あ ら∠ ョ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲル⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We send not t he Messengers except as bearers of good news and warners.) before t he punishment t hey give good news t o t hose who believe in t hem and follow t hem, and warnings t o t hose who rej ect t hem and oppose t hem. Then Allah t ells us about t he disbelievers who argue:

びｚペエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ツェ ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ ャ͡ モ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡よぴ (wit h falsehood, in order t o refut e t he t rut h t hereby.) t hey t ry t o weaken t he t rut h t hat t he Messengers brought , but t hey cannot achieve t hat .

び⇔やヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ケグ͡ ∇ルぺ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ͡ゎゅ∠Αや￢ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And t hey t ake My Ayat and t hat which t hey are warned for j est !) t hey t ake t he proof, evidence and miracles sent wit h t he Messengers t o warn t hem, and make t hem fear t he punishment ;

び⇔やヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ ぴ (as a j est and mockery) and t hey make fun of t hem, which is t he worst t ype of disbelief.

ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ チ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒͡Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゲ∠ ミあ ク⊥ リｚヨョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ る⇔ レｚ ミ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ロ⊥ や∠ギΑ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ ∠ジ ͡ ル∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ハ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ホヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ や∠クや∠￢ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヱ⊥ク ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ や⇔ク͡ま ∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ ∇リヤ∠プ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠イ ｚ バ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ワグ⊥ カ ͡ や∠ぽΑ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲｚ ャや Κ ⇔ も͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ リｚャ ∀ギ͡ハ∇ヲョｚ ユ⊥ヰャｚ モ∠よ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや び ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ギハ ͡ ∇ヲョｚ ユ͡ヰム͡ ヤ͡∇ヰヨ∠ ャ͡ (57. And who does more wrong t han he who is reminded of t he Ayat (signs) of his Lord, but t urns away from t hem, forget t ing what his hands have sent fort h. Truly, We have set over t heir heart s Akinnah, lest t hey should underst and t his (t he Qur'an), and in t heir ears, deafness. And if you call t hem t o guidance, even t hen t hey will never be guided.) (58. And your Lord is Most Forgiving, Owner of mercy. Were He t o call t hem t o account for what t hey have earned, t hen surely, He would have hast ened t heir punishment . But t hey have t heir appoint ed t ime, beyond which t hey will find no escape.) (59. And t hese t owns, We dest royed t hem when t hey did wrong. And We appoint ed a fixed t ime for t heir dest ruct ion.)

The Worst People are Those Who turn away after being reminded Allah says, ` Who among My creat ures does more wrong t han one who is reminded of t he signs of Allah t hen t urns away from t hem,' i.e., ignores t hem and does not list en or pay at t ent ion t o t hem.

び⊥ロや∠ギΑ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ ∠ジ ͡ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (forget t ing what his hands have sent fort h.) means, bad deeds and evil act ions.

び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Truly, We have set over t heir heart s) means, t he heart s of t hese people,

び⇔るレｚ ͡ミ∠ぺぴ (Akinnah) means, coverings.

び⊥ロヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ (lest t hey should underst and t his,) means, so t hat t hey will not underst and t his Qur'an and it s clear Message

びや⇔ゲ∇ホヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ や∠クや∠￢ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ (and in t heir ears, deafness.) means t hat t hey will be deaf in an abst ract way, t o guidance.

び⇔やギ∠よぺ∠ や⇔ク͡ま ∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ ∇リヤ∠プ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ハ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if you call t hem t o guidance, even t hen t hey will never be guided.)

び͡るヨ∠ ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヱ⊥ク ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And your Lord is Most Forgiving, Owner of mercy.) means, ` your Lord, O Muhammad, is forgiving and has great mercy.'

び∠ゆや∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠イ ｚ バ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ワグ⊥ カ ͡ や∠ぽΑ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ (Were He t o call t hem t o account for what t hey have earned, t hen surely, He would have hast ened t heir punishment .) This is like t he Ayah:

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや グ⊥ カ ͡ や∠ぽΑ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∃るよｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ワゲ͡ ∇ヰニ ∠ (And if Allah were t o punish men for t hat which t hey earned, He would not leave a moving creat ure on t he surface of t he eart h.) ぴ35:45び

ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤニ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤあャ り∃ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヱ⊥グャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ゆゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギゼ ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ (But verily, your Lord is full of forgiveness for mankind in spit e of t heir wrongdoing. And verily, your Lord is (also) severe in punishment ) ぴ13:6び. And t here are many Ayat which say t he same

t hing. Then Allah t ells us t hat He is pat ient , He conceals fault s and forgives sins. He may guide some of t hem from wrongdoing t o t rue guidance, and whoever cont inues in his evil ways, t hen t here will come t o him a Day when infant s will t urn grey and every pregnant female will shed her load. He says:

び⇔Κも͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ リｚャ ∀ギ͡ハ∇ヲョｚ ユ⊥ヰャｚ モ∠よぴ (But t hey have t heir appoint ed t ime, beyond which t hey will find no escape.) meaning, t hey will find no way out .

び∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hese t owns, We dest royed t hem when t hey did wrong.) This refers t o earlier nat ions in t imes past ; ` We dest royed t hem because of t heir st ubborn disbelief.'

びや⇔ギハ ͡ ∇ヲョｚ ユ͡ヰム͡ ヤ͡∇ヰヨ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We appoint ed a fixed t ime for t heir dest ruct ion.) ` We appoint ed for t hem a set t ime limit , not t o be increased or decreased. The same applies t o you, O ido- lat ors, so beware or what happened t o t hem will happen t o you t oo, for you have rej ect ed t he noblest Messenger and great est Prophet , and you are not dearer t o Us t han t hem, so fear My punishment and wrat h.'

ノ∠ ヨ∠ ∇イョ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇よぺ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゥ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ Ι ヮ⊥ ⇒∠わ∠ヘ͡ャ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ノ∠ ヨ∠ ∇イョ∠ ゅ∠ピヤ∠よ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - ゅ⇔ら⊥ボェ ⊥ ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Αゲ∠ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ゅ⇔よ∠ゲシ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠Β͡らシ ∠ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ヲ⊥ェ ゅ∠Βジ ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ レ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レΒ͡ボャ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ へ∠ギビ ∠ ゅ∠レゎ͡ や∠￢ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠わ∠ヘ͡ャ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や∠コヱ∠ ゅ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Αヱ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ゅ⇔ら∠ダル∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ル͡ゲ∠ヘ∠シ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ Β͡ルゅ∠ジ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ れ ∠ ヲ⊥エ∇ャや ろ ⊥ Β͡ジル∠ ヴあルみ͡プ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇ガダ ｚ ャや ゅ⇔ら∠イ∠ハ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠Β͡らシ ∠ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ミ⊥ ∇クぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ヨワ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠をや∠￢ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やｚギゎ∠ ∇ケゅ∠プ ヒ͡ ∇らル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ -

る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョあ や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ や∠ギィ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ - ゅ⇔ダダ ∠ ホ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ゅｚルギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヨヤｚハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル͡ギレ͡ハ ∇リョあ (60. And (remember) when Musa said t o his boy-servant : "I will not give up unt il I reach t he j unct ion of t he t wo seas or a Huqub passes.'') (61. But when t hey reached t he j unct ion of t he t wo seas, t hey forgot t heir fish, and it t ook it s way t hrough t he sea as in a t unnel.) (62. So when t hey passed furt her on, Musa said t o his boy-servant : "Bring us our morning meal; t ruly, we have suffered Nasaban in t his, our j ourney.'') (63. He said: "Do you remember when we bet ook ourselves t o t he rock I indeed forgot t he fish; none but Shayt an made me forget t o remember it . It t ook it s course int o t he sea in a st range (way)!'') (64. ぴMusaび said: "That is what we have been seeking.'' So t hey went back ret racing t heir foot st eps.) (65. Then t hey found one of Our servant s, on whom We had best owed mercy from Us, and whom We had t aught knowledge from Us.)

The Story of Musa and Al-Khidr The reason for Musa's conversat ion wit h t he boy-servant , Yusha` bin Nun, was t hat he had been t old about one of t he servant s of Allah at t he j unct ion of t he t wo seas, who had knowledge which Musa had not been grant ed, so he want ed t o t ravel t o meet him. So he said t o t hat boyservant of his:

び⊥ゥゲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ Ιぴ (I will not give up) meaning, I will keep on t raveling,

び͡リ∇Αゲ∠ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ヨ∠ ∇イョ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇よぺ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il I reach t he j unct ion of t he t wo seas) meaning, t he place where t he t wo seas met .

び⇔ゅら⊥ボェ ⊥ ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or a Huqub passes.) meaning, even if I have t o t ravel for a very long t ime. Ibn Jarir (may Allah have mercy on him) said, "Some of t he scholars of t he Arabic language said t hat Huqub means a year in t he dialect of ぴt he t ribe ofび Qays,'' t hen he narrat ed t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said, "Huqub means eight y years.'' Muj ahid said, "Sevent y years.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat it means a lifet ime. Qat adah and Ibn Zayd said likewise.

びゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ヲ⊥ェ ゅ∠Βジ ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ レ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ノ∠ ヨ∠ ∇イョ∠ ゅ∠ピヤ∠よ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (But when t hey reached t he j unct ion of t he t wo seas, t hey forgot t heir fish,) He had been commanded t o carry a salt ed fish wit h him, and it had been said t o him, when you lose t he fish, t hat will be a sign t hat you have reached t he right place. So t hey set out and t raveled unt il t hey reached t he j unct ion of t he t wo seas, where t here was a spring called ` Ayn Al-Hayat

(t he Spring of Life). They went t o sleep t here, and t he fish felt t he drops of t hat wat er, so it came back t o life. It was in a vessel wit h Yusha` , upon him be peace, and it j umped out of t he vessel t owards t he sea. Yusha` woke up and t he fish fell int o t he wat er and st art ed t o swim t hrough t he wat er, leaving a t rack or channel behind it . Allah said:

び⇔ゅよ∠ゲシ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠Β͡らシ ∠ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ ゅ∠プぴ (and it t ook it s way t hrough t he sea as in a t unnel.) meaning, like going t hrough a t unnel on land. Ibn Jurayj said, "Ibn ` Abbas said, ` It left a t race as if it were a rock.'"

びや∠コヱ∠ ゅ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (So when t hey had passed furt her on,) means, past t he place where t hey had forgot t en t he fish. Forget fulness is at t ribut ed t o t hem bot h even t hough it was act ually Yusha` who forgot . This is like t he Ayah:

びラ ⊥ ゅ∠ィ∇ゲヨ∠ ャや∠ヱ ぽ⊥ ャ⊥∇ぽヤぁャや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ぴ (Out of t hem bot h come out pearl and coral.) ぴ55:22び, alt hough t hey come from t he salt wat er, according t o one of t he t wo opinions. When t hey had passed one st age beyond t he place where t hey had forgot t en t he fish,

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ル͡ゲ∠ヘ∠シ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レΒ͡ボャ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ へ∠ギビ ∠ ゅ∠レゎ͡ や∠￢ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠わ∠ヘャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (ぴMusaび said t o his boy-servant : "Bring us our morning meal; t ruly, we have suffered in t his, our j ourney) meaning, t heir j ourney beyond t he place where t hey should have st opped.

び⇔ゅら∠ダル∠ ぴ (Nasaban) means, exhaust ion.

ろ ⊥ Β͡ジル∠ ヴあルみ͡プ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇ガダ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Αヱ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び⊥ロゲ∠ ミ⊥ ∇クぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ Β͡ルゅ∠ジ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠ョ∠ヱ れ ∠ ヲ⊥エ∇ャや (He said: "Do you remember when we bet ook ourselves t o t he rock I indeed forgot t he fish; none but Shayt an made me forget t o remember it ...'') Then he said,

び⊥ヮ∠ヤΒ͡ら∠シ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (It t ook it s course), meaning it s pat h,

び͡ヒ∇らル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホゅ⇔らイ ∠ハ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プぴ ("...int o t he sea in a st range (way)!'' ぴMusaび said: "That is what we have been seeking.'') meaning, t his is what we have been looking for.

びやｚギゎ∠ ∇ケゅ∠プぴ (So t hey went back )

びゅ∠ヨワ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠をや∠￢ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (t heir foot st eps.)

ゅ∠ルギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョあ や⇔ギ∇ら∠ハ や∠ギィ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ゅｚルギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヨヤｚハ ∠ ヱ∠ (Then t hey found one of Our servant s, on whom We had best owed mercy from Us, and whom We had t aught knowledge from Us.) This was Al-Khidr, peace be upon him, as is indicat ed by t he aut hent ic Hadit hs narrat ed from t he Messenger of Allah . Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "I said t o Ibn ` Abbas: ` Nawf Al-Bikali claims t hat Musa, t he companion of AlKhidr was not t he Musa of t he Children of Israel.' Ibn ` Abbas said, ` The enemy of Allah has t old a lie.' Ubayy bin Ka` b narrat ed t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

:モ ∠ ゃ͡ ジ ⊥ プ∠ モ ∠ Β͡もや∠ゲ∇シま͡ ヶ͡レよ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ⇔らΒ͡ト∠カ ュ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ラ ｚ ま͡» ∇ユャ∠ ∇クま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やょ ∠ わ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ルぺ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨⊥ユ∠ヤ∇ハ∠ぺ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヵ ぁ ぺ∠ や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ ヶ͡ャ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ぶ ⊥ や ヴ∠ェ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ｚキゲ⊥ Α∠ ゅ∠Α :ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ .マ ∠ ∇レョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ リ ͡ ∇Αゲ∠ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ノ͡ ヨ∠ ∇イヨ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇イわ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥ェ マ ∠ バ∠ ョ∠ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨͡ヮよ͡ ヶ͡ャ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥ェ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∩ｚユを∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ れ ∠ ヲ⊥エ∇ャや れ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨん⊥ ∇Βエ ∠ プ∠ ∩∃モわ∠ ∇ムヨ͡ よ͡ ノ⊥ セ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ロ⊥ ゅ∠わプ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠ト ∠ ∇ルや∠ヱ ペ ∠ ヤ∠ト ∠ ∇ルや ｚユを⊥ ∩∃モわ∠ ∇ムヨ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ ∇ガダ ｚ ャや ゅ∠Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩⊥ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∃ ヲ⊥ル リ ⊥ ∇よ

ヶ͡プ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥エ∇ャや ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ト ∠ ∇ッや∠ヱ ∩ゅ∠ョゅ∠レプ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∠シ∇ヱ￢⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠バッ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠Β͡らシ ∠ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ テ ∠ ボ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ガ ∠ プ∠ ∩͡モわ∠ ∇ムヨ͡ ∇ャや る∠ Α∠ ∇ゲィ ͡ れ ͡ ヲ⊥エ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やマ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔よゲ∠ シ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∩∠ナボ∠ ∇Βわ∠ ∇シや ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∩͡ベゅｚトャや モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ダプ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや る∠ Βｚ ボ͡ よ∠ ゅ∠ボヤ∠ト ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プ ∩͡れヲ⊥エ∇ャゅ͡よ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ら͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タ ヶ ∠ジ ͡ ル∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ギ͡ ピ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ わ∠ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ :ロ⊥ ゅ∠わヘ∠ ャ͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ び⇔ゅら∠ダル∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ヘ∠ シ ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レΒ͡ボャ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ へ∠ギビ ∠ ゅ∠レゎ͡ や∠￢ぴ (Musa got up t o deliver a speech before t he Children of Israel and he was asked, "Who is t he most learned person among t he people'' Musa replied, "I am.'' Allah rebuked him because he did not refer t he knowledge t o Allah. So Allah revealed t o him: "At t he j unct ion of t he t wo seas t here is a servant of Ours who is more learned t han you.'' Musa asked, "O my Lord, how can I meet him'' Allah said, "Take a fish and put it in a vessel and t hen set out , and where you lose t he fish, you will find him.'' So Musa t ook a fish, put it in a vessel and set out , along wit h his boy-servant Yusha` bin Nun, peace be upon him, t ill t hey reached a rock (on which) t hey bot h lay down t heir heads and slept . The fish moved vigorously in t he vessel and got out of it and fell int o t he sea and t here it t ook it s way t hrough t he sea (st raight ) as in a t unnel. Allah st opped t he flow of wat er on bot h sides of t he way creat ed by t he fish, and so t hat way was like a t unnel. When Musa got up, his companion forgot t o t ell him about t he fish, and so t hey carried on t heir j ourney during t he rest of t he day and t he whole night . The next morning Musa said t o his boy-servant , ("Bring us our morning meal; t ruly, we have suffered much fat igue in t his, our j ourney.'') ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ょ ∠ ダ ∠ レｚ ャや ヴｚわェ ∠ コ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ィ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムヨ∠ ∇ャや ヵ͡グャｚや ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ∩͡ヮよ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠わプ∠ :

ろ ⊥ Β͡ジル∠ ヴあルみ͡プ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇ガダ ｚ ャや ヴャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Αヱ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ミ⊥ ∇クぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ Β͡ルゅ∠ジ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ れ ∠ ヲ⊥エ∇ャや びゅ⇔らイ ∠ハ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠Β͡らシ ∠ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ メ∠ゅホ: ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ れ ͡ ヲ⊥エ∇ヤャ͡ ∩ゅ⇔よゲ∠ シ ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨャ͡ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠わプ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔らイ ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ :

びゅ⇔ダダ ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡ワ͡ケゅ∠をや∠￢ ヴヤ∠ハ ∠ やｚギゎ∠ ∇ケゅ∠プ ヒ͡ ∇らル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ: ゅ∠バィ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ラ ͡ ゅｚダボ⊥ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ゲ∠ を∠ ぺ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ∠Βヰ∠ わ∠ ∇ルや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∩͡りゲ∠ ∇ガダ ｚ ャや や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ヴ６イジ ∠ ョ⊥ ∩∃ゆ∇ヲん∠ よ͡ ユ∠ ヤｚジ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠シヲョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ゲ⊥ ツ ͡ ガ ∠ ∇ャや: ヴｚルぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ッ ͡ ∇ケほ∠よ͡ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや.∠メゅ∠ボプ∠ : ゅ∠ルぺ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ. メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ : ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヶ͡レよ∠ ∨∠モΒ͡もや∠ゲ∇シま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ: ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ: マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ ヶ͡レヨ∠ ヤあバ∠ わ⊥ ャ͡ ゅｚヨョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ヨヤあハ ⊥ や⇔ギ∇セケ⊥

び や⇔ゲ∇らタ ∠ ヴ ∠ バ͡ ョ∠ ノ∠ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ リ∠ャ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ゅ∠Α ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヶあルま͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ユ͡ ∇ヤハ ぶ ͡ や ͡ヮΒ͡レ∠ヨヤｚ∠ハ ゅ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ユ͡ ∇ヤハ ͡ や͡ぶ ヮ⊥ ム∠ ヨ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠. Musa did not get t ired t ill he had passed t he place t hat Allah had ordered him t o look for. His boy-servant t hen said t o him, ("Do you remember when we bet ook ourselves t o t he rock I indeed forgot t he fish; none but Shayt an made me forget t o remember it . It t ook it s course int o t he sea in a st range way.'') There was a t unnel for t he fish and Musa and his boy-servant were amazed. Musa said, ("That is what we have been seeking.'' So t hey went back ret racing t heir foot st eps.'') So t hey went back ret racing t heir st eps unt il t hey reached t he rock. There t hey found a man covered wit h a garment . Musa greet ed him. Al-Khidr said, "Is t here such a greet ing in your land'' Musa said, "I am Musa.'' He said, "Are you t he Musa of t he Children of Israel'' Musa said, "Yes,'' and added, "I have come t o you so t hat you may t each me somet hing of t hat knowledge which you have been t aught .'' Al-Khidr said, ("You will not be able t o have pat ience wit h me.) O Musa! I have some of Allah's knowledge which He has best owed upon me but you do not know it ; and you t oo, have some of Allah's knowledge which He has best owed upon you, but I do not know it .'' メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ:

マ ∠ ャ∠ ヴ͡ダ∇ハぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲよ͡ ゅ∠タ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ラ͡ま ヴ͡ルギ⊥ イ ͡ わ∠ シ ∠ぴ び⇔やゲ∇ョぺ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ャや⊥ゲツ ͡ ガ ∠:

ゐ ∠ ギ͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ￢∃ ヴ∠セ リ∠ハ ヴレ∇ャほ∠∇ジゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇バら∠ ゎｚ や ラ ͡ み͡プ∠ ぴ び⇔やゲ∇ミク͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ボヤ∠ト ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プ ラ ͡ ゅ∠Βゼ ͡ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ͡ェ ͡ ゅ∠シ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ∇れゲｚ ヨ∠ プ∠ ∩∀るレ∠Βヘ͡ シ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨヤｚム∠ プ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∩∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ∇エΑ∠ やヲ⊥プゲ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ ツ ͡ ガ ∠ ∇ャや ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ エ ∠ プ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ∩∃メ∇ヲル∠ プ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠ ゅ∠ら͡ミ∠ケ ヶ͡プ る͡ レ∠ Β͡ヘジ ｚ ャや ∇ユャ∠ ∇ほイ ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゲ⊥ ツ ͡ ガ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇ギホ∠ ノ∠ ヤ∠ホ∠ ゅ⇔ェ∇ヲャ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゥ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャぺ∠ る͡ レ∠ Β͡ヘジ ｚ ャや ∩͡ュヱぁギボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ: ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ∩∃メ∇ヲル∠ れ ∠ ∇ギヨ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ レ∠ Β͡ヘシ ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ ∇ホゲ∠ ガ ∠ プ∠ ベ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ピわ⊥ ャ͡ ∨ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ョま͡

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - や⇔ゲ∇らタ ∠ ヴ ∠ バ͡ ョ∠ ノ∠ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ リ∠ャ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ン͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヴ͡レ∇ボワ͡ ∇ゲゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ジル∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヴ͡ル∇グカ ͡ や∠ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ び ⇔やゲ∇ジハ ⊥ Musa said, ("If Allah wills, you will find me pat ient , and I will not disobey you in aught .'') AlKhidr said t o him, ("Then, if you follow me, ask me not about anyt hing t ill I myself ment ion it t o you.'') So t hey set out walking along t he shore, unt il a boat passed by and t hey asked t he crew t o let t hem go on board. The crew recognized Al-Khidr and allowed t hem t o go on board free of charge. When t hey went on board, suddenly Musa saw t hat Al-Khidr had pulled out one of t he planks of t he ship wit h an adz. Musa said t o him, "These people gave us a free ride, yet

you have broken t heir boat so t hat it s people will drown! Verily, you have done a t errible t hing! ("Al-Khidr said, "Did I not t ell you, t hat you would not be able t o have pat ience wit h me'') (Musa said, "Call me not t o account for what I forgot and be not hard upon me for my affair (wit h you). '')) The Messenger of Allah said, ろ ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ヴ∠ャヱ⊥ほ∇ャや ∇リョ͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ∩ゅ⇔ルゅ∠Β∇ジル͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ: ￢∠ ゅ∠ィヱ∠ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∇ダハ ⊥ ノ∠ ホ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ フ ͡ ∇ゲェ ∠ ∩͡るレ∠ Β͡ヘジ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ボ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡プ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ボル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ボル∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ⊥ ツ ͡ ガ ∠ ∇ャや: ゅ∠ョ ヶ͡ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ マ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ヱ∠ ヶ͡プ ユ͡ ∇ヤハ ͡ ぶ ͡ や ゅｚャま͡ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ゅ∠ョ ゾ ∠ ボ∠ ル∠ や∠グ∠ワ ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ダバ⊥ ∇ャや ∇リョ͡ や∠グワ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠ィゲ∠ カ ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ る͡ レ∠ Β͡ヘジ ｚ ャや ⊥ ょ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ノ∠ ョ∠ ∩͡ラゅ∠ヨ∇ヤピ͡ ∇ャや グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ゲ⊥ ツ ͡ ガ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ シ ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ヤ∠わ∠ ∇ホゅ∠プ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ∩⊥ヮヤ∠わ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ: ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Βら∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ラ ͡ ゅ∠Βゼ ͡ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ͡ェ ͡ ゅｚジャや ∇クま͡ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ツ ͡ ガ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ヤビ

ろ ∠ ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠わ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ョΚ ∠ビ ⊥ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ャ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ∠ボヤ∠ト ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - や⇔ゲ∇ムルぁ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ る⇔ Βｚ ミ͡ コ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ び や⇔ゲ∇らタ ∠ ヴ ∠ バ͡ ョ∠ ノ∠ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ リ∠ャ マ ∠ ルｚま͡ マ ∠ ャｚ ∇モホ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ (In t he first inst ance, Musa asked Al-Khidr because he had forgot t en his promise. Then a bird came and sat on t he edge of t he boat , dipping it s beak once or t wice in t he sea. Al-Khidr said t o Musa, "My knowledge and your knowledge, in comparison t o Allah's knowledge, is like what t his bird has t aken out of t he sea.'' Then t hey bot h disembarked from t he boat , and while t hey were walking on t he shore, Al-Khidr saw a boy playing wit h ot her boys. Al-Khidr t ook hold of t he boy's head and pulled it off wit h his hands, killing him. Musa said t o him, ("Have you killed an innocent person who had killed none! Verily, you have commit t ed a t hing Nukr!'' He said, "Did I not t ell you t hat you would not be able t o have pat ience wit h me'') メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ: ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ヱ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ∠ャヱ⊥ほ∇ャや/

ヴ͡レ∇ら͡ェゅ∠ダゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ワ∠ギ∇バ∠よ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ∠ハ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ラ͡ま メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ べ∠Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ∠ボヤ∠ト ∠ ルゅ∠プ や⇔ケ∇グハ ⊥ ヴあルギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ ろ ∠ ∇ピヤ∠よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘあΒツ ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇や∇ヲよ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ べ∠ヨバ∠ ∇トわ∠ ∇シや る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ びｚヂボ∠ レ∠Α ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ や⇔ケや∠ギィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ や∠ギィ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ∇ヵぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヤも͡ ゅ∠ョ∩プ∠ボゅ∠メ∠ ゲ⊥ ツ ͡ ガ ∠ ∇ャや ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡

び⊥ヮョ∠ ゅ∠ホほ∠プ∠ ぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ: ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヨバ͡ ∇トΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヘあΒツ ∠ Α⊥

ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ べ∠ヨバ∠ ∇トわ∠ ∇シや る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ べ∠Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ∠ボヤ∠ト ∠ ルゅ∠プぴ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Αゲ͡ Α⊥ や⇔ケや∠ギィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ や∠ギィ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘあΒツ ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇や∇ヲよ∠ ほ∠プ∠ - や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ れ ∠ ∇グガ ∠ ゎｚΙ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ヲャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ゅ∠ホほ∠プ∠ ヂ ｚ ボ∠ レ∠Α

∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ͡ Α͡ヱ∇ほわ∠ よ͡ マ ∠ ゃ⊥ らあ ル∠ ほ⊥シ ∠ マ ∠ レ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レ∇Βよ∠ ベ ⊥ や∠ゲプ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ び や⇔ゲ∇らタ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ｚ ノ͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ぴThe narrat orび said, "The second blame was st ronger t han t he first one''. (Musa said, "If I ask you anyt hing aft er t his, keep me not in your company; you have received an excuse from me.'' Then t hey bot h proceeded unt il t hey came t o t he people of a t own. They asked t hem for food but t hey refused t o ent ert ain t hem. (Then) t hey found t here a wall on t he point of falling down.) (Al-Khidr) set it up st raight wit h his own hands. Musa said, "We came t o t hese people, but t hey neit her fed us nor received us as guest s. (If you had wished, surely, you could have t aken wages for it !'' (Al-Khidr) said: "This is t he part ing bet ween you and I. I will t ell you t he int erpret at ion of (t hose) t hings over which you were unable t o be pat ient .'') The Messenger of Allah said:

ぶ ⊥ や ｚゾボ⊥ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゲ∠ ら∠ タ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ル∇キキ͡ ヱ∠ » «ゅ∠ヨワ͡ ゲ͡ ら∠ カ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (We wish t hat Musa was pat ient so t hat Allah would have t old us more about bot h of t hem.) Sa` id bin Jubayr said: "Ibn ` Abbas used t o recit e ぴAyah no. 79び (∠ラゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ マ ∀ ヤ͡ョ∠ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ゅΑ∠ ｚモミ⊥ る∃ レ∠ Β͡ヘシ ∠ る∃ エ ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠タ ゅ⇔ら∇ツ∠ビ) (There was a king before t hem who seized every good-condit ioned ship by force) and ぴAyah no 80び (ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤピ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ や⇔ゲプ͡ ゅ∠ミ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ヲよ∠ ぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ) (As for t he boy, he was a disbeliever and his parent s were believers.) Then (in anot her narrat ion) Al-Bukhari recorded a similar account which says: ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ガ ∠ プ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠わプ∠ ノ⊥ セ ∠ ヲ⊥Α リ ⊥ ∇よ ラ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∠バ∠ョ∠ヱ ∩⊥れヲ⊥エ∇ャや ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ∠Βヰ∠ わ∠ ∇ルや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∩͡りゲ∠ ∇ガダ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ャゴ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ: ノ∠ ッ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヮ⊥ シ ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ⊥ Β͡ダΑ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰも͡ ゅ∠ョ ∀￢∇ヶ∠セ ゅｚャま͡ ヶ ∠ Β͡ ェ ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タほ∠プ∠ れ ∠ ヲ⊥エ∇ャや ∇リョ͡ ￢͡ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ∩͡リ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ゲｚ エ ∠ わ∠ プ∠ モ ｚジ ∠ ∇ルや∠ヱ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∩∠ュゅ∠レプ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ: ヶ͡プ∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇タぺ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇ガダ ｚ ャや ∀リ∇Β∠ハ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ り⊥ ゅ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ャ ょ モ ͡ わ∠ ∇ムヨ͡ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ∠ ギ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ゲ∇エ∠ら∇ャや ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ナ ∠ ボ∠ ∇Βわ∠ ∇シや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ロ⊥ ゅ∠わヘ∠ ャ͡:

びゅ∠ル￢∠ へ∠ギビ ∠ ゅ∠レゎ͡ や∠￢ぴ (...t hen Musa set out and wit h him was his boy-servant Yusha` bin Nun, and t hey had t he fish wit h t hem. When t hey reached t he rock, t hey camped t here, and Musa lay down his head and slept . At t he base of t he rock t here was a spring called Al-Hayat ; it s wat er never t ouched a t hing but it brought it t o life. Some of it s wat er t ouched t he fish, so it began t o move and j umped out of t he vessel and int o t he sea. When he woke up, Musa said t o his boy-servant : (Bring us our morning meal.)) Then he quot ed t he rest of t he Hadit h. Then a bird came and perched on t he edge of t he ship, and dipped it s beak in t he sea, and Al-Khidr said t o Musa, "My knowledge and your knowledge and t he knowledge of all of creat ion, in comparison t o t he knowledge of Allah, is like what t his bird has t aken from t he sea.'' Then he ment ioned t he rest of t he report .

ゅｚヨョ͡ リ ͡ ヨ∠ ヤあバ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ バ⊥ ら͡ ゎｚ ぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ や⇔ゲ∇らタ ∠ ヴ ∠ バ͡ ョ∠ ノ∠ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ リ∠ャ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - や⇔ギ∇セケ⊥ ろ ∠ ∇ヨヤあハ ⊥ び や⇔ゲ∇らカ ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇テエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ⊥ ら͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ダ∇ハ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲよ͡ ゅ∠タ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ラ͡ま ヴ͡ルギ⊥ イ ͡ わ∠ シ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ￢∃ ヴ∠セ リ∠ハ ヴレ∇ャほ∠∇ジゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇バら∠ ゎｚ や ラ ͡ み͡プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ マ ∠ ャ∠ び や⇔ゲ∇ミク͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ゐ ∠ ギ͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ (66. Musa said t o him: "May I follow you so t hat you t each me somet hing of t hat knowledge which you have been t aught (by Allah)'') (67. He said: "Verily, you will not be able t o have pat ience wit h me!'') (68. "And how can you have pat ience about a t hing which you know not '') (69. Musa said: "If Allah wills, you will find me pat ient , and I will not disobey you in aught .'') (70. He said: "Then, if you follow me, ask me not about anyt hing t ill I myself ment ion of it t o you.'')

Musa meeting with Al-Khidr and accompanying Him Allah t ells us what Musa said t o t hat learned man, who was Al-Khidr. He was one t o whom Allah had given knowledge t hat He had not given t o Musa, j ust as He had given Musa knowledge t hat He had not given t o Al-Khidr.

び∠マバ⊥ ら͡ ゎｚ ぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (Musa said t o him: "May I follow you...'') This is a quest ion phrased in gent le t erms, wit h no sense of force or coercion. This is t he manner in which t he seeker of knowledge should address t he scholar.

び∠マバ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ やぴ (I follow you) means, I accompany you and spend t ime wit h you.

びや⇔ギ∇セケ⊥ ろ ∠ ∇ヨヤあハ ⊥ ゅｚヨョ͡ リ ͡ ヨ∠ ヤあバ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (so t hat you t each me somet hing of t hat knowledge which you have been t aught ) meaning, t each me somet hing from t hat which Allah has t aught you so t hat I may be guided by it and learn somet hing beneficial and do right eous deeds. At t his point ,

び∠メゅ∠ホぴ (He said) meaning, Al-Khidr said t o Musa,

び⇔やゲ∇らタ ∠ ヴ ∠ バ͡ ョ∠ ノ∠ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ リ∠ャ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, you will not be able t o have pat ience wit h me!) meaning, ` You will not be able t o accompany wit h me when you see me doing t hings t hat go against your law, because I have knowledge from Allah t hat He has not t aught you, and you have knowledge from Allah t hat He has not t aught me. Each of us has responsibilit ies before Allah t hat t he ot her does not share, and you will not be able t o st ay wit h me,'

び や⇔ゲ∇らカ ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇テエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ⊥ ら͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And how can you have pat ience about a t hing which you know not ) ` For I know t hat you will denounce me j ust ifiably, but I have knowledge of Allah's wisdom and t he hidden int erest s which I can see but you cannot .'

び∠メゅホ∠ ぴ (He said) meaning, Musa said:

びや⇔ゲよ͡ ゅ∠タ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ラ͡ま ヴ͡ルギ⊥ イ ͡ わ∠ シ ∠ぴ (If Allah wills, you will find me pat ient ,) wit h what ever I see of your affairs,

び⇔やゲ∇ョぺ マ ∠ ャ∠ ヴ͡ダ∇ハぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and I will not disobey you in aught .) means, ` I will not go against you in anyt hing.' At t hat point , Al-Khidr, upon him be peace, set a condit ion:

び∃￢ヴ∠セ リ∠ハ ヴレ∇ャほ∠∇ジゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇バら∠ ゎｚ や ラ ͡ み͡プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (Then, if you follow me, ask me not about anyt hing) do not init iat e any discussion of t he mat t er,

び⇔やゲ∇ミク͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ゐ ∠ ギ͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (t ill I myself ment ion of it t o you. ) meaning, ` unt il I init iat e t he discussion, before you ask me about it .'

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヰホ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ る͡ レ∠ Β͡ヘジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠らミ͡ ケ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ∠ボヤ∠ト ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - や⇔ゲ∇ョま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ベ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ピわ⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ ∇ホゲ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ Ι ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - や⇔ゲ∇らタ ∠ ヴ ∠ バ͡ ョ∠ ノ∠ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ リ∠ャ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ン͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヴ͡レ∇ボワ͡ ∇ゲゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ジル∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヴ͡ル∇グカ ͡ や∠ぽゎ⊥ び ⇔やゲ∇ジハ ⊥ (71. So t hey bot h proceeded, t ill, when t hey boarded t he boat , he (Khidr) damaged it . Musa said: "Have you damaged it wherein it s people will drown Verily, you have commit t ed a t hing Imr.'') (72. He said: "Did I not t ell you, t hat you would not be able t o have pat ience wit h me'') (73. He said: "Call me not t o account for what I forgot , and be not hard upon me for my affair (wit h you).'')

Damaging the Boat Allah t ells us t hat Musa and his companion Al-Khidr set out having come t o an agreement and reached an underst anding. Al-Khidr had made t he condit ion t hat Musa should not ask him about anyt hing he found dist ast eful unt il he himself init iat ed t he discussion and offered an explanat ion. So t hey went on board t he ship, as described in t he Hadit h quot ed above -- t he crew recognized Al-Khidr and let t hem ride on board free of charge, as an honor t o Al-Khidr. When t he boat t ook t hem out t o sea and t hey were far from t he shore, Al-Khidr got up and damaged t he boat , pulling out one of it s planks and t hen pat ching it up again. Musa, peace be upon him, could not rest rain himself from denouncing him, so he said:

びゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ベ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ピわ⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ ∇ホゲ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Have you damaged it wherein it s people will drown) The grammat ical st ruct ure of t he sent ence in Arabic implies t hat t his was t he consequence, not t he purpose, of his act ion.

びや⇔ゲ∇ョま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Verily, you have commit t ed a t hing Imr.) About ` Imr', Muj ahid said: "An evil t hing.'' Qat adah said, "An ast ounding t hing.'' At t his point , reminding him of t he previously-agreed condit ion, AlKhidr said:

び⇔やゲ∇らタ ∠ ヴ ∠ バ͡ ョ∠ ノ∠ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ リ∠ャ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Did I not t ell you, t hat you would not be able t o have pat ience wit h me) meaning, ` t his t hing t hat I did deliberat ely is one of t he t hings I t old you not t o denounce me for, because you do not know t he full st ory, and t here is a reason and purpose for it t hat you do not know about .'

び∠メゅ∠ホぴ (He said), meaning, Musa said:

ン͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヴ͡レ∇ボワ͡ ∇ゲゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ジル∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヴ͡ル∇グカ ͡ や∠ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ び⇔やゲ∇ジハ ⊥ (Call me not t o account for what I forgot , and be not hard upon me for my affair (wit h you).) meaning, ` do not be harsh wit h me.' Hence it says in t he Hadit h quot ed above from t he Messenger of Allah :

«ゅ⇔ルゅ∠Β∇ジル͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ∇リョ͡ ヴ∠ャヱ⊥ほ∇ャや ろ ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ミ» (In t he first inst ance, Musa asked Al-Khidr because he had forgot t en his promise.)

ろ ∠ ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠わ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ョΚ ∠ビ ⊥ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ャ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ∠ボヤ∠ト ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - や⇔ゲ∇ムルぁ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ る⇔ Βｚ ミ͡ コ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ラ͡ま メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - や⇔ゲ∇らタ ∠ ヴ ∠ バ͡ ョ∠ ノ∠ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ リ∠ャ マ ∠ ルｚま͡ マ ∠ ャｚ ∇モホ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ピヤ∠よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヴ͡レ∇らェ ͡ ゅ∠ダゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ワ∠ギ∇バ∠よ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ∠ハ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ び や⇔ケ∇グハ ⊥ ヴあルギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ (74. Then t hey bot h proceeded t ill t hey met a boy, and he (Khidr) killed him. Musa said: "Have you killed an innocent person wit hout Nafs Verily, you have commit t ed a t hing Nukr!'') (75. He said: "Did I not t ell you t hat you can have no pat ience wit h me'') (76. He said: "If I ask you anyt hing aft er t his, keep me not in your company, you have received an excuse from me.'')

The Story of killing the Boy

びゅ∠ボヤ∠ト ∠ ルゅ∠プぴ (Then t hey bot h proceeded,) means, aft er t he first incident ,

び⊥ヮヤ∠わ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ョΚ ∠ビ ⊥ ゅ∠Β͡ボ∠ャ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ

(t ill t hey met a boy, and he (Khidr) killed him.) It has been st at ed previously t hat t his boy was playing wit h ot her boys in one of t he t owns, and t hat Al-Khidr deliberat ely singled him out . He was t he finest and most handsome of t hem all, and Al-Khidr killed him. When Musa, peace be upon him, saw t hat he denounced him even more fervent ly t han in t he first case, and said hast ily:

び⇔るΒｚ ミ͡ コ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Have you killed an innocent person) meaning, a young person who had not yet commit t ed any sin or done anyt hing wrong, yet you killed him

び∃ザ∇ヘル∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ぴ (wit hout Nafs) wit h no reason for killing him.

び⇔やゲ∇ムルぁ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ (Verily, you have commit t ed a t hing Nukr!) meaning, somet hing t hat is clearly evil.

び や⇔ゲ∇らタ ∠ ヴ ∠ バ͡ ョ∠ ノ∠ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ リ∠ャ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ャｚ ∇モホ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "Did I not t ell you t hat you can have no pat ience wit h me'') Once again, Al-Khidr reit erat es t he condit ion set in t he first place, so Musa says t o him:

びゅ∠ワギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ∠ハ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ラ͡まぴ (If I ask you anyt hing aft er t his,) meaning, ` if I obj ect t o anyt hing else you do aft er t his,'

び⇔やケ∇グハ ⊥ ヴあルギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ ろ ∠ ∇ピヤ∠よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヴ͡レ∇らェ ͡ ゅ∠ダゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (keep me not in your company, you have received an excuse from me.) ` you have accept ed my apology t wice.' Ibn Jarir narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat Ubayy bin Ka` b said: "Whenever t he Prophet ment ioned anyone, he would pray for himself first . One day he said:

ノ∠ ョ∠ ゑ ∠ ら͡ ャ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や る⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ » :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ レｚ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ょイ ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ∇よほ∠ャ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タ

∇ギホ∠ ヴ͡レ∇らェ ͡ ゅ∠ダゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ワ∠ギ∇バ∠よ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ∠ハ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ラ͡まぴ «び⇔やケ∇グハ ⊥ ヴあルギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ ろ ∠ ∇ピヤ∠よ∠ (May t he mercy of Allah be upon us and upon Musa. If he had st ayed wit h his companion he would have seen wonders, but he said, (` If I ask you anyt hing aft er t his, keep me not in your company, you have received an excuse from me.'))''

ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ べ∠ヨバ∠ ∇トわ∠ ∇シや る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ べ∠Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ∠ボヤ∠ト ∠ ルゅ∠プぴ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ や⇔ケや∠ギィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ や∠ギィ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘあΒツ ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇や∇ヲよ∠ ほ∠プ∠ - や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ れ ∠ ∇グガ ∠ ゎｚΙ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ヲャ∠ メ ∠ ゅホ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ゅ∠ホほ∠プ∠ ヂ ｚ ボ∠ レ∠Α ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ͡ Α͡ヱ∇ほわ∠ よ͡ マ ∠ ゃ⊥ らあ ル∠ ほ⊥シ ∠ マ ∠ レ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レ∇Βよ∠ ベ ⊥ や∠ゲプ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ び や⇔ゲ∇らタ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ｚ ノ͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ (77. Then t hey bot h proceeded t ill when t hey came t o t he people of a t own, t hey asked t hem for food, but t hey refused t o ent ert ain t hem. Then t hey found t herein a wall about t o collapse and he set it up st raight . (Musa) said: "If you had wished, surely you could have t aken wages for it !'') (78. He said: "This is t he part ing bet ween you and I, I will t ell you t he int erpret at ion of (t hose) t hings over which you were not able t o be pat ient .'')

The Story of repairing the Wall Allah tells us that

びゅ∠ボヤ∠ト ∠ ルゅ∠プぴ (t hey bot h proceeded) aft er t he first t wo inst ances,

び∃るΑ∠ ∇ゲホ∠ モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ べ∠Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (t ill when t hey came t o t he people of a t own,) Ibn Jarir narrat ed from Ibn Sirin t hat t his was Al-Aylah. According t o t he Hadit h;

«ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ゃャ͡ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠» (When t hey came t here, t he people of t he t own were mean.) i.e., miserly

ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ や∠ギィ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘあΒツ ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇や∇ヲよ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ べ∠ヨバ∠ ∇トわ∠ ∇シやぴ びｚヂボ∠ レ∠Α ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ や⇔ケや∠ギィ ͡ (t hey asked t hem for food, but t hey refused t o ent ert ain t hem. Then t hey found t herein a wall about t o collapse and he (Khidr) set it up st raight .) means, he fixed it so it was st anding upright properly. We have already seen in t he Hadit h quot ed above t hat he set it up wit h his own hands, support ing it unt il it was st anding st raight again, which is somet hing ext raordinary. At t his point Musa said t o him:

び⇔やゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ れ ∠ ∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ Ι ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ (If you had wished, surely you could have t aken wages for it !) meaning, because t hey did not ent ert ain us as guest s, you should not have worked for t hem for free.

び∠マレ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レ∇Βよ∠ ベ ⊥ や∠ゲプ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "This is t he part ing bet ween you and I) meaning, because you said aft er t he boy was killed t hat if you asked me anyt hing aft er t hat , you would not accompany me any furt her. So t his is t he part ing of t he ways bet ween me and you.

び͡モΑ͡ヱ∇ほわ∠ よ͡ マ ∠ ゃ⊥ らあ ル∠ ほ⊥シ ∠ぴ (I will t ell you t he int erpret at ion) meaning explanat ion,

び⇔やゲ∇らタ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ｚ ノ⇒͡ト∇ジゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (of (t hose) t hings over which you were not able t o be pat ient .)

ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α リ ∠ Β͡ム⇒∠ジヨ∠ ャ͡ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ る⊥ レ∠ Β͡ヘジ ｚ ャや ゅｚョぺ∠ぴ ｚモミ⊥ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∀マ͡ヤョｚ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ へ∠ケヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰら∠ Β͡ハぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ぁ キ∠ケほ∠プ∠ び ゅ⇔ら∇ダビ ∠ る∃ レ∠ Β͡ヘシ ∠ (79. "As for t he boat , it belonged t o poor people working in t he sea. So I wished t o make a defect ive damage in it , as t here was a king behind t hem who seized every boat by force.'')

Interpretations of why the Ship was damaged

This is an explanat ion of what Musa found so hard t o underst and, and t he appearence of which he condemed. Allah showed Al-Khidr t he hidden reasons, so he said, "I damaged t he ship t o make it fault y, because t hey used t o pass by a king who was one of t he oppressors, who

び∃るレ∠ Β͡ヘシ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ぴ (seized every boat ), i.e., every good, sound boat

び⇔ゅら∇ダビ ∠ぴ (by force.) ` So I want ed t o prevent him from t aking t his boat by making it appear fault y, so t hat it s poor owners who had not hing else could benefit from it .' It was also said t hat t hey were orphans.

ラ∠ぺ べ∠レΒ͡ゼガ ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ロ⊥ や∠ヲよ∠ ぺ∠ ∠ラゅ∠ム∠プ ユ⊥ ⇒∠ヤピ⊥ ∇ャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ャ∠ギ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ル∇キケ∠ ほ∠プ∠ - や⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ボ∠ ワ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ び ゅ⇔ヨ∇ェケ⊥ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ヲ⇒ミ∠ コ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ (80. "And as for t he boy, his parent s were believers, and we feared he would oppress t hem by rebellion and disbelief.'') (81. "So we int ended t hat t heir Lord should exchange him for t hem for one bet t er in right eousness and nearer t o mercy.'')

Interpretation of why the Boy was killed Ibn ` Abbas narrat ed from Ubayy bin Ka` b t hat t he Prophet said:

«や⇔ゲ͡プゅ∠ミ ノ∠ ら͡ デ ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ノ∠ ら͡ デ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ツ ͡ ガ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤ∠わ∠ ホ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤピ⊥ ∇ャや» (The boy Al-Khidr killed was dest ined t o be a disbeliever from t he day he was creat ed.) It was recorded by Ibn Jarir from Ibn ` Abbas. He said:

ゅ⇔レ⇒∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ボ∠ ワ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レΒ͡ゼガ ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ロ⊥ や∠ヲよ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ぴ び⇔やゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ヱ∠ (his parent s were believers, and we feared he would oppress t hem by rebellion and disbelief) Their love for him might make t hem follow him in disbelief. Qat adah said, "His parent s rej oiced when he was born and grieved for him when he was killed. If he had st ayed alive, he would have been t he cause of t heir doom. So let a man be cont ent wit h t he decree of Allah, for t he decree of Allah for t he believer, if he dislikes it , is bet t er for him t han if He were t o decree somet hing t hat he likes for him.'' An aut hent ic Hadit h says;

や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚャま͡ ￢∃ ゅ∠ツホ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ヶ͡ツ∇ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ヮ∠ャ (Allah does not decree anyt hing for t he believer except it is good for him.) And Allah says:

び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ワ∠ゲ∇ム∠ゎ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (and it may be t hat you dislike a t hing which is good for you.) ぴ2:216び.

り⇔ ヲ⇒∠ミコ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ャ∠ギ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ル∇キ∠ケ∠ほ∠プぴ び ゅ⇔ヨ∇ェケ⊥ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ (So we int ended t hat t heir Lord should exchange him for t hem for one bet t er in right eousness and nearer t o mercy. ) A child who was bet t er t han t his one, a child for whom t hey would feel more compassion. This was t he view of Ibn Jurayj .

る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ リ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ Β͡わΑ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ⇒∠ヤピ⊥ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ケ⊥ や∠ギ͡イ∇ャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ キ∠ や∠ケほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ヲ⊥よぺ∠ ∠ラゅ∠ミ∠ヱ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ャｚ ∀ゴレ∠ミ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ゴ∠ レ∠ミ ゅ∠ィ͡ゲ∇ガ∠わ∇ジ∠Α∠ヱ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ギｚ セ ⊥ ぺ∠ べ∠ピヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ン͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リあョ び や⇔ゲ∇らタ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ｚ ノ⇒͡ト∇ジゎ∠ (82. "And as for t he wall, it belonged t o t wo orphan boys in t he t own; and t here was under it a t reasure belonging t o t hem; and t heir fat her was a right eous man, and your Lord int ended t hat t hey should at t ain t heir age of full st rengt h and t ake out t heir t reasure as a mercy from your Lord. And I did t hem not of my own accord. That is t he int erpret at ion of t hose (t hings) over which you could not be pat ient .)

Interpretation of why the Wall was repaired for no Charge In t his Ayah t here is a proof t hat t he word Qaryah (village) may be used t o refer t o a cit y (Madinah), because Allah first says,

び∃るΑ∠ ∇ゲホ∠ モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ べ∠Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (t ill when t hey came t o t he people of a t own (Qaryah)) ぴ18:77び, but here He says:

び͡るレ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ リ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ Β͡わΑ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ⇒∠ヤピ⊥ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ぴ (it belonged t o t wo orphan boys in t he t own (Al-Madinah);) This is like t he Ayat :

ヴわ͡ ャｚや マ ∠ わ͡ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ り⇔ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ リあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∠マ∇わィ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ (And many a t own (Qaryah), st ronger t han your t own which has driven you out We have dest royed) ぴ47:13び and;

リ ∠ ョあ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ⊥ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゴあ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや (And t hey say: "Why is not t his Qur'an sent down t o some great man of t he t wo t owns (AlQaryat ayn)'')ぴ43:31び meaning Makkah and At -Ta'if. The meaning of t he Ayah ぴ18:82び is: "I repaired t his wall because it belonged t o t wo orphan boys in t he cit y, and underneat h it was some t reasure belonging t o t hem.'' ` Ikrimah, Qat adah and ot hers said, "Underneat h it t here was some wealt h t hat was buried for t hem.'' This meaning is apparent from t he cont ext of t he Ayah, and is t he view chosen by Ibn Jarir (may Allah have mercy on him).

び⇔ゅエ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ヲ⊥よぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (t heir fat her was a right eous man,) indicat es t hat a right eous person's offspring will be t aken care of, and t hat t he blessing of his worship will ext end t o t hem in t his world and in t he Hereaft er. This will occur t hrough his int ercession for t hem, as well as t heir st at us being raised t o t he highest levels of Paradise, so t hat he may find j oy in t hem. This was st at ed in t he Qur'an and report ed in t he Sunnah. Sa` id bin Jubayr narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas: "They were t aken care of because t heir fat her was a right eous man, alt hough it is not st at ed t hat t hey t hemselves were right eous.''

ゅ∠ィゲ͡ ∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ギｚ セ ⊥ ぺ∠ べ∠ピヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ キ∠ や∠ケほ∠プ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ゴ∠ レ∠ミ

(your Lord int ended t hat t hey should at t ain t heir age of full st rengt h and t ake out t heir t reasure) Here will is at t ribut ed t o Allah, t he Exalt ed, because no one else is able t o bring t hem t o t he age of full st rengt h and pubert y except Allah. In cont rast , He said about t he boy:

び⇔りヲ⇒∠ミコ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ャ∠ギ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ル∇キ∠ケ∠ほ∠プぴ (So we int ended t hat t heir Lord should exchange him for t hem for one bet t er in right eousness) and concerning t he ship:

びゅ∠ヰら∠ Β͡ハぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ぁ キ∠ケ∠ほ∠プぴ (So I wished t o make a defect ive damage in it ,) And Allah knows best .

Was Al-Khidr a Prophet

びン͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リョあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ぴ (as a mercy from your Lord. And I did t hem not of my own accord.) Meaning, ` These t hree t hings t hat I did, come from t he mercy of Allah for t hose we have ment ioned, t he crew of t he ship, t he parent s of t he boy and t he t wo sons of t he right eous man; I was only commanded t o do t hese t hings t hat were enj oined upon me.' This is proof and evidence in support of t hose who say t hat Al-Khidr, peace be upon him, was a Prophet , along wit h t he Ayah which we have already quot ed:

ゅ∠ルギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョあ や⇔ギ∇ら∠ハ や∠ギィ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ゅｚルギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヨヤｚハ ∠ ヱ∠ (Then t hey found one of Our servant s, on whom We had best owed mercy from Us, and whom We had t aught knowledge from Us.) ぴ18:65び

Why he was called Al-Khidr Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Prophet said concerning Al-Khidr∧

り∃ ヱ∠ ∇ゲプ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ザ ∠ ヤ∠ィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚほ∠ャ͡ や⇔ゲツ ͡ カ ∠ ヶ ∠ ヨあ シ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡» «￢や∠ゲ∇ツカ ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゴぁ わ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∠￢ゅ∠ツ∇Βよ∠ (He was called Al-Khidr because he sat on a barren Farwah t hat t urned whit e, t hen it t urned green (Khadra') beneat h him.) Imam Ahmad also recorded t his from ` Abdur-Razzaq. It was also

recorded in Sahih Al-Bukhari from Hammam from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∃りヱ∠ ∇ゲプ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ザ ∠ ヤ∠ィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ャ͡ ゲ∠ ツ ͡ ガ ∠ ∇ャや ヶあヨシ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡» «￢や∠ゲ∇ツカ ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゴぁ わ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ (He was called Al-Khidr because he sat on a barren Farwah and it t urned green (Khadra') beneat h him.) The meaning of Farwah here is a pat ch of wit hered veget at ion. This was t he view of ` Abdur-Razzaq. It was also said t hat it means t he face of t he eart h.

び⇔やゲ∇らタ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ｚ ノ⇒͡ト∇ジゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That is t he int erpret at ion of t hose (t hings) over which you could not be pat ient .) meaning, ` t his is t he explanat ion of t he t hings which you could not put up wit h or be pat ient wit h unt il I t ook t he init iat ive of explaining t hem t o you. ' When he explained t hem and made t hem clear and solved t he confusion, he used a milder form of t he verb,

びノ⇒͡ト∇ジゎ∠ ぴ (you could) When t he mat t er was st ill confusing and very difficult , a more int ensive form was used,

び⇔やゲ∇らタ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ｚ ノ͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ͡ Α͡ヱ∇ほわ∠ よ͡ マ ∠ ゃ⊥ らあ ル∠ ほ⊥シ ∠ぴ (I will t ell you t he int erpret at ion of (t hose) t hings over which you were unable t o be pat ient wit h) ぴ18:78び. The int ensit y of t he verbal form used reflect s t he int ensit y of t he confusion felt . This is like t he Ayah:

び⊥ロヱ⊥ゲヰ∠ ∇ヌΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥バ⇒∠ト∇シや ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (So t hey (Ya` j uj and Ma` j uj ) were not able t o scale it ) ぴ18:97び which means ascending t o it s highest point ,

びゅ⇔ら∇ボル∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バ⇒∠トわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (nor are t hey able t o dig t hrough it ) ぴ18:97び which is more difficult t han t he former. The int ensit y of t he verbal form used reflect s t he difficult y of t he act ion, which has t o do wit h t he subt let ies of meaning. And Allah knows best . If one were t o ask, what happened t o t he boyservant of Musa who appears at t he beginning of t he st ory but t hen is not ment ioned The answer is t hat t he obj ect ive of t he st ory is what happened bet ween Musa and Al-Khidr. Musa's boy-servant was wit h him, following him. It is clearly ment ioned in t he Sahih Hadit hs referred t o above t hat he was Yusha` bin Nun, who was t he one who became t he leader of t he Children of Israel aft er Musa, peace be upon him.

ユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇ゎほ∠シ ∠ ∇モホ⊥ リ ͡ ∇Βル∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ク リ∠ハ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ へ∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚレムｚ ョ∠ ゅｚル͡ま - や⇔ゲ∇ミク͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ び ゅ⇔ら∠らシ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ (83. And t hey ask you about Dhul-Qarnayn. Say: "I shall recit e t o you somet hing of his st ory.'') (84. Verily, We est ablished him in t he eart h, and We gave him t he means of everyt hing.)

The Story of Dhul-Qarnayn Allah says to His Prophet ,

び∠マル∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey ask you) O Muhammad ,

び͡リ∇Βル∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ク リ∠ハぴ (about Dhul-Qarnayn.) i.e., about his st ory. We have already ment ioned how t he disbelievers of Makkah sent word t o t he People of t he Book and asked t hem for some informat ion wit h which t hey could t est t he Prophet . They (t he People of t he Book) said, ` Ask him about a man who t raveled ext ensively t hroughout t he eart h, and about some young men who nobody knows what t hey did, and about t he Ruh (t he soul),' t hen Surat Al-Kahf was revealed. Dhul-Qarnayn had great Power

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚレムｚ ョ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We est ablished him in t he eart h,) means, ` We have given him great power, so t hat he had all t hat kings could have of might , armies, war equipment and siege machinery.' So he had dominion over t he east and t he west , all count ries and t heir kings submit t ed t o him, and all t he nat ions, Arab and non-Arab, served him. Some of t hem said he was called Dhul-Qarnayn (t he one wit h t wo horns) because he reached t he t wo "Horns" of t he sun, east and west , where it rises and where it set s.

び⇔ゅら∠らシ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ へ∠ヱぴ (and We gave him t he means of everyt hing.) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Ikrimah, As-Suddi, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak and ot hers said, "This means knowledge.'' Qat adah also said,

び⇔ゅら∠らシ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ へ∠ヱぴ

(and We gave him t he means of everyt hing.) "The different part s and feat ures of t he eart h.'' Concerning Bilqis, Allah said,

び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ∇ろ∠Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ∠ヱぴ (she has been given all t hings) ぴ27:23び, meaning all t hings t hat monarchs like her are given. Thus t oo was Dhul-Qarnayn: Allah gave him t he means of all t hings, meaning t he means and power t o conquer all areas, regions and count ries, t o defeat enemies, suppress t he kings of t he eart h and humiliat e t he people of Shirk. He was given all t hat a man like him would need. And Allah knows best .

ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ - ゅ⇔ ら∠らシ ∠ ノ∠ ら∠ ∇ゎほ∠プ∠ ぴ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠ワ∠ギレ͡ハ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ ゃ∠ ヨ͡ ェ ∠ リ ∃ ∇Βハ ∠ ヴ͡プ ゆ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ピゎ∠ ゅ∠ワギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ べｚョま͡ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グあ バ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ べｚョま͡ リ ͡ ∇Βル∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや や∠グΑ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ぁキゲ∠ Α⊥ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ あグバ∠ ル⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠ニ ∠ リ∠ョ ゅｚョぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ゅ⇔レ∇ジェ ⊥ リ ∠ ョ∠ へ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲ∇ムルぁ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ あグバ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボレ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ び ⇔やゲ∇ジΑ⊥ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ (85. So he followed a way.) (86. Unt il, when he reached t he set t ing place of t he sun, he found it set t ing in a spring of Hami'ah. And he found near it a people. We said: "O Dhul-Qarnayn! Eit her you punish t hem or t reat t hem wit h kindness.'') (87. He said: "As for him who does wrong, we shall punish him, and t hen he will be brought back unt o his Lord, Who will punish him wit h a t errible t orment (Hell).'') (88. "But as for him who believes and works right eousness, he shall have t he best reward, and we shall speak unt o him mild words.'')

His traveling and reaching the Place where the Sun sets (the West)

び ゅ⇔ら∠らシ ∠ ノ∠ ら∠ ∇ゎほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So he followed a way.) Ibn ` Abbas said t hat he followed different rout es t o achieve what he want ed.

び ゅ⇔ら∠らシ ∠ ノ∠ ら∠ ∇ゎほ∠プ∠ ぴ

(So he followed a way.) Muj ahid said t hat he followed different rout es, east and west . According t o one report narrat ed from Muj ahid, he said:

び⇔ゅら∠らシ ∠ぴ (a way) means, "A rout e t hrough t he land.'' Qat adah said, "It means he followed t he rout es and landmarks of t he eart h.''

び͡ザ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (Unt il, when he reached t he set t ing place of t he sun,) means, he followed a rout e unt il he reached t he furt hest point t hat could be reached in t he direct ion of t he sun's set t ing, which is t he west of t he eart h. As for t he idea of his reaching t he place in t he sky where t he sun set s, t his is somet hing impossible, and t he t ales t old by st oryt ellers t hat he t raveled so far t o t he west t hat t he sun set behind him are not t rue at all. Most of t hese st ories come from t he myt hs of t he People of t he Book and t he fabricat ions and lies of t heir heret ics.

び∃るゃ∠ ヨ͡ ェ ∠ リ ∃ ∇Βハ ∠ ヴ͡プ ゆ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ピゎ∠ ゅ∠ワ∠ギ∠ィ∠ヱぴ (he found it set t ing in a spring of Hami'ah) meaning, he saw t he sun as if it were set t ing in t he ocean. This is somet hing which everyone who goes t o t he coast can see: it looks as if t he sun is set t ing int o t he sea but in fact it never leaves it s pat h in which it is fixed. Hami'ah is, according t o one of t he t wo views, derived from t he word Hama'ah, which means mud. This is like t he Ayah:

び∃ラヲ⊥レ∇ジョｚ み∃ヨ∠ ェ ∠ ∇リョあ モ ∃ ⇒∠ダ∇ヤタ ∠ リあョ や⇔ゲゼ ∠ よ∠ ∀ペヤ͡⇒∠カ ヴあル͡まぴ ("I am going t o creat e a man (Adam) from dried clay of alt ered Hama'h (mud)) ぴ15:28び, which means smoot h mud, as we have discussed above.

び⇔ゅョ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠ワギ∠ レ͡ハ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And he found near it a people.) meaning a nat ion. They ment ioned t hat t hey were a great nat ion from among t he sons of Adam.

∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ べｚョま͡ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グあ バ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ べｚョ͡ま リ ͡ ∇Βル∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや や∠グΑ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ぴ び⇔ゅレ∇ジェ ⊥ (We (Allah) said (by inspirat ion): "O Dhul-Qarnayn! Eit her you punish t hem or t reat t hem wit h kindness'') means, Allah gave him power over t hem and gave him t he choice: if he want ed t o, he could kill t he men and t ake t he women and children capt ive, or if he want ed t o, he could set t hem free, wit h or wit hout a ransom. His j ust ice and fait h became apparent in t he ruling he pronounced:

び∠ユヤ∠ニ ∠ リ∠ョ ゅｚョぺ∠ぴ (As for him who does wrong,) meaning who persist s in his Kufr and in associat ing ot hers in worship wit h his Lord,

び⊥ヮよ⊥ グあ バ∠ ル⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (we shall punish him,) Qat adah said, i.e., by killing him.

び⇔やゲ∇ムルぁ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ あグバ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ぁキゲ∠ Α⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and t hen he will be brought back unt o his Lord, Who will punish him wit h a t errible t orment .) meaning a severe, far-reaching and painful punishment . This implies a confirmat ion of t he Hereaft er and t he reward and punishment .

び∠リョ∠ へ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (But as for him who believes), meaning ` who follows us in our call t o worship Allah Alone wit h no part ner or associat e,'

びヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (he shall have t he best reward,) meaning in t he Hereaft er, wit h Allah.

び⇔やゲ∇ジΑ⊥ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボレ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and we (Dhul-Qarnayn) shall speak unt o him mild words.) Muj ahid said, ` (words of) kindness.'

ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ノ∠ ヤ͡∇トョ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ - ゅ⇔ら∠らシ ∠ ノ∠ ら∠ ∇ゎぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ ゅ∠ヰル͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ モ∠バ∇イル∠ ∇ユャｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ⊥ ヤ⊥∇トゎ∠ ゅ∠ワギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ び や⇔ゲ∇らカ ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ∠レ∇トェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ - や⇔ゲ∇わシ ͡ (89. Then he followed (anot her) way,) (90. Unt il, when he came t o t he rising place of t he sun, he found it rising on a people for whom We (Allah) had provided no shelt er against t he sun.) (91. So (it was)! And We knew all about him (Dhul-Qarnayn).)

His Journey East

Allah t ells us t hat Dhul-Qarnayn t hen t raveled from t he west of t he eart h t owards t he east . Every t ime he passed a nat ion, he subj ugat ed t he people and called t hem t o Allah. If t hey obeyed him, all well and good, ot herwise he would humiliat e t hem and t ake t heir wealt h and possessions. From every nat ion he t ook what his armies needed t o fight t he next nat ion. When he reached t he place where t he sun rises, as Allah says,

び∃ュ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ⊥ ヤ⊥∇トゎ∠ ゅ∠ワ∠ギ∠ィ∠ヱぴ (he found it rising on a people) meaning a nat ion,

び⇔やゲ∇わシ ͡ ゅ∠ヰル͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ モ∠バ∇イル∠ ∇ユャｚぴ (for whom We (Allah) had provided no shelt er against t he sun.) meaning, t hey had no buildings or t rees t o cover t hem and shade t hem from t he heat of t he sun. Qat adah said, "It was ment ioned t o us t hat t hey were in a land where not hing grew, so when t he sun rose t hey would go int o t unnels unt il it had passed it s zenit h, t hen t hey would come out t o go about t heir daily lives and earn t hemselves a living.''

び や⇔ゲ∇らカ ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ∠レ∇トェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (So (it was)! And We knew all about him.) Muj ahid and As-Suddi said, "This means t hat Allah knew everyt hing about him and his army, and not hing was hidden from Him, even t hough t hey came from so many different nat ions and lands. For,

ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヘ∇ガΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ び͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (Truly, not hing is hidden from Allah, in t he eart h or in t he heaven.)ぴ3:5び''

リ͡ョ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Αギｚ ジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ⇔ら∠らシ ∠ ノ∠ ら∠ ∇ゎぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ や∠グΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キゅ∠ムΑ∠ Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘョ⊥ ∠ァヲ⊥ィ∇ほ∠ョ∠ヱ ァ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほΑ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ リ ͡ ∇Βル∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔ィ∇ゲカ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや ∀ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ヴあレムｚ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や６ギシ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ゎや∠￢ ゅ⇔ョ∇キケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ り∃ ヲｚ ボ⊥ よ͡ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥レΒ͡ハほ∠プ∠

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ ͡ ∇Βプ∠ ギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ン∠ヱゅ∠シ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ギ͡ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ よ∠ コ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇パゲ͡ ∇プぺ⊥ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ゎへ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ガヘ⊥ ルや び や⇔ゲ∇トホ͡ (92. Then he followed (anot her) way,) (93. Unt il, when he reached bet ween t wo mount ains, he found before t hem a people who scarcely underst ood a word.) (94. They said: "O Dhul-Qarnayn! Verily, Ya'j uj and Ma'j uj are doing great mischief in t he land. Shall we t hen pay you a t ribut e in order t hat you might erect a barrier bet ween us and t hem'') (95. He said: "That in which my Lord had est ablished me is bet t er. So help me wit h st rengt h, I will erect bet ween you and t hem a barrier.'') (96. "Give me Zubar of iron;'' t hen, when he had filled up t he gap bet ween t he t wo mount ain-cliffs, he said: "Blow;'' t hen when he had made t hem (red as) fire, he said: "Bring me Qit ran t o pour over t hem.'')

His Journey to the Land of Ya'juj and Ma'juj, and building the Barrier Allah says of Dhul-Qarnayn:

び ゅ⇔ら∠らシ ∠ ノ∠ ら∠ ∇ゎぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then he followed (anot her) way) meaning, he t raveled from t he east of t he eart h unt il he reached a place bet ween t he t wo mount ains which were next t o one anot her wit h a valley in bet ween, from which Ya'j uj and Ma'j uj (God and Magog) will emerge int o t he land of t he Turks and spread mischief t here, dest roying crops and people. Ya'j uj and Ma'j uj are among t he progeny of Adam, peace be upon him, as was recorded in t he Two Sahihs;

マ ∠ ∇Βらｚ ャ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ュ⊥ キ∠ へ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや ゑ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ゑバ∠ ∇よや :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ∇Αギ∠ ∇バシ ∠ ヱ∠ る∀ バ∠ ∇ジゎ͡ ヱ∠ る∃ も∠ ゅ͡ヨバ⊥ ∇ジゎ͡ ブ ∃ ∇ャぺ∠ あモミ⊥ ∇リョ͡ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨͡ケゅｚレャや ゑ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ レ∠ Β͡エプ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∀ギ͡ェや∠ヱ∠ヱ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ∇ジゎ͡ ヱ∠ .ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇ヨェ ∠ モ ∃ ∇ヨェ ∠ れ ͡ や∠ク ぁモミ⊥ ノ⊥ ツ ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ Β͡ピダ ｚ ャや ょ ⊥ Β͡ゼΑ∠

ロ⊥ ゅ∠ゎゲ∠ んｚ ミ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠わル∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ リ ͡ ∇Βわｚョぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ «ァヲ⊥ィ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ァ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほΑ∠ "Allah said: "O Adam.'' Adam said, "Here I am at Your service.'' Allah said, "Send fort h t he group of Hellfire.'' Adam said, "What is t he group of Hellfire" Allah said: "Out of every t housand, nine hundred and ninet y-nine will go t o Hell and one will go t o Paradise.'' At t hat t ime young men will t urn grey and every pregnant female will drop her load. Among you are t wo nat ions who never come t o anyt hing but t hey overwhelm it wit h t heir huge numbers. (They are) Ya'j uj and Ma'j uj .''

び⇔Ι∇ヲホ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キゅ∠ムΑ∠ Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (he found before t hem a people who scarcely underst ood a word. ) he could not underst and t heir speech, because t hey were so isolat ed from ot her people.

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘョ⊥ ∠ァヲ⊥ィ∇ほ∠ョ∠ヱ ァ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほΑ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ リ ͡ ∇Βル∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや や∠グΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ び⇔ゅィ∇ゲカ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ (They said: "O Dhul-Qarnayn! Verily, Ya'j uj and Ma'j uj are doing great mischief in t he land. Shall we t hen pay you a t ribut e'') Ibn Jurayj report ed from ` At a' from Ibn ` Abbas t hat t his meant a great reward, i.e., t hey want ed t o collect money among t hemselves t o give t o him so t hat he would creat e a barrier bet ween t hem and Ya'j uj and Ma'j uj . Dhul-Qarnayn said wit h kindness, right eousness and good int ent ions,

び∀ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ヴあレムｚ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (That in which my Lord had est ablished me is bet t er (t han your t ribut e).) meaning, t he power and aut horit y t hat Allah has given me is bet t er for me t han what you have collect ed. This is like when Sulayman (Solomon), peace be upon him, said:

び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べｚヨョあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ͡レ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ヨプ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ͡リ∠ルヱぁギ͡ヨゎ⊥ ∠ぺぴ (Will you help me in wealt h What Allah has given me is bet t er t han t hat which He has given you!) ぴ27:36び Similarly, Dhul-Qarnayn said: ` What I have is bet t er t han what you want t o give me, but help me wit h st rengt h,' i.e., wit h your labor and const ruct ion equipment ,

び͡ギΑ͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ よ∠ コ⊥ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ゎや∠￢ゅ⇔ョ∇キ∠ケ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ぴ (I will erect bet ween you and t hem a barrier. Give me Zubar of iron,) Zubar is t he plural of Zubrah, which means pieces or chunks of somet hing. This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid

and Qat adah. These pieces were like bricks or blocks, and it was said t hat each block weighed one Damascene Qint ar or more.

び͡リ∇Βプ∠ ギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ン∠ヱゅ∠シ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (t hen, when he had filled up t he gap bet ween t he t wo mount ain-cliffs,) means, he put t he blocks on t op of one anot her, st art ing at t he bot t om, unt il he reached t he t ops of t he mount ains, filling t he widt h and height of t he gap. The scholars differed about t he precise widt h and height .

び∇やヲ⊥ガヘ⊥ ルや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (he said: "Blow;'') means, he lit a fire unt il t he whole t hing was burning hot .

び⇔やゲ∇トホ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇パゲ͡ ∇プぺ⊥ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ゎへ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (he said: "Bring me Qit ran t o pour over t hem.'') Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah and As-Suddi said it was copper. Some of t hem added t hat it was molt en. This is similar t o t he Ayah:

び͡ゲ∇トボ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And We caused a fount of Qit ran t o flow for him) ぴ34:12び. So it resembled a st riped cloak. Then Allah said:

ゅ⇔ら∇ボル∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バ⇒∠トわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲヰ∠ ∇ヌΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥バ⇒∠ト∇シや ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ ヴあよケ∠ ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ヴあよケｚ リあョ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠レ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ボ∂ ェ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ￢∠ べｚミキ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ケ͡ ヲぁダャや ヴ͡プ オ ∠ ヘ͡ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ͡プ ァ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ び ゅ⇔バ∇ヨィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バヨ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ e(97. So t hey could not scale it or dig t hrough it .) (98. He said: "This is a mercy from my Lord, but when t he promise of my Lord comes, He shall Dakka' it down t o t he ground. And t he promise of my Lord is ever t rue.) (99. And on t hat Day, We shall leave some of t hem t o surge like waves on one anot her; and t he Trumpet will be blown, and We shall collect t hem (t he creat ures) all t oget her.)

The Barrier restrains Them, but It will be breached when the Hour draws nigh Allah t ells us t hat Ya'j uj and Ma'j uj could not climb over t he barrier or penet rat e it s lower port ion. Varying forms of t he verb are used here in t he Arabic t ext t o reflect t he difficult y of t he act ion referred t o.

ゅ⇔ら∇ボル∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バ⇒∠トわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲヰ∠ ∇ヌΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥バ⇒∠ト∇シや ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ び (So t hey (Ya'j uj and Ma'j uj ) could not scale it or dig t hrough it .) This indicat es t hat t hey could not penet rat e it or dig t hrough it . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Zaynab bint Jahsh, t he wife of t he Prophet said, "The Prophet woke from sleep, and he was red in t he face. He said,

ウ ∠ わ͡ プ⊥ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホや ギ͡ ホ∠ ゲ∠ セ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゆ ͡ ゲ∠ バ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ» «や∠グワ∠ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ァ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ァ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほΑ∠ ュ͡ ∇キケ∠ ∇リョ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや (La ilaha illallah! Woe t o t he Arabs from t he evil t hat has approached (t hem). Today a hole has been opened in t he barrier of Ya'j uj and Ma'j uj like t his.) and he made a circle wit h his index finger and t humb. I ぴZaynabび said, ` O Messenger of Allah, will we be dest royed even t hough t here will be right eous people among us' He said:

«ゑ∠らガ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ん⊥ ミ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » (Yes, if evil increases.)'' This is a Sahih Hadit h, bot h Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded it .

びヴあよケｚ リあョ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ((Dhul-Qarnayn) said: "This is a mercy from my Lord...'') meaning, aft er it was built by DhulQarnayn.

びヴあよケｚ リあョ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: This is a mercy from my Lord) for t he people, when he placed a barrier bet ween t hem and Ya'j uj and Ma'j uj , t o st op t hem from spreading evil and corrupt ion on eart h.

びヴあよケ∠ ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (but when t he promise of my Lord comes) means, when t he t rue promise comes

び∠￢べｚミキ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ぴ (He shall Dakka' it down t o t he ground.) means, will make it flat . The Arabs use Dakka' t o describe a female camel whose back is flat and has no hump. And Allah says:

びゅ６ミキ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ モ ͡ ら∠ イ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヴｚヤイ ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (So when his Lord appeared t o t he mount ain, He made it Dakkan) ぴ7:143び meaning, level t o t he ground.

び⇔ゅボ∂ ェ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And t he promise of my Lord is ever t rue.) means, it will come t o pass wit hout a doubt .

び∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ミ∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ (We shall leave some of t hem) meaning mankind, on t hat day, t he day when t he barrier will be breached and t hese people (Ya'j uj and Ma'j uj ) will come out surging over mankind t o dest roy t heir wealt h and propert y.

び∃ヂ∇バよ∠ ヴ͡プ ァ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ミ∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ (We shall leave some of t hem t o surge like waves on one anot her;) As-Suddi said: "That is when t hey emerge upon t he people.'' All of t his will happen before t he Day of Resurrect ion and aft er t he Daj j al, as we will explain when discussing t he Ayat :

あモミ⊥ リあョ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ァ ⊥ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほ∠ョ∠ヱ ァ ⊥ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ろエ ∠ わ͡ プ⊥ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ びぁペエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ ∇ハヲ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤジ ͡ レ∠Α ゆ ∃ ギ∠ ェ ∠ (Unt il, when Ya'j uj and Ma'j uj are let loose, and t hey swoop down from every Hadab. And t he t rue promise shall draw near...) ぴ21:96-97び

び͡ケヲぁダャや ヴ͡プ オ ∠ ヘ͡ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and As-Sur will be blown.) As-Sur, as explained in t he Hadit h, is a horn t hat is blown int o. The one who will blow int o it is (t he angel) Israfil, peace be upon him, as has been explained in t he Hadit h quot ed at lengt h above, and t here are many Hadit hs on t his t opic. According t o a Hadit h narrat ed from ` At iyah from Ibn ` Abbas and Abu Sa` id, and at t ribut ed t o t he Prophet ,

ラ ∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ ホ∠ ラ ͡ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タヱ∠ ユ⊥ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ » «∨⊥ゲ∠ョ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヴ∠わョ∠ ノ∠ ヨ∠ わ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ヰ∠ ∇らィ ∠ ヴ∠レェ ∠ ヱ∠ (How can I relax when t he one wit h t he Horn has put t he Horn in his mout h and has knelt down, list ening out for t he command t o be given t o him) They said, "What should we say" He said:

ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ⊥ Β͡ミヲ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇バル͡ ヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠レら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホ» «ゅ∠レ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ (Say: "Allah is Sufficient for us and t he best Disposer of affairs, in Allah have we put our t rust .'')

び⇔ゅバ∇ヨィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バヨ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and We shall collect t hem (t he creat ures) all t oget her.) means, ` We shall bring t hem all t oget her for Reckoning.'

ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハヲ⊥ヨ∇イヨ∠ ャ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び ュ∃ ヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ボΒ͡ョ (Say: "(Yes) verily, t hose of old, and t hose of lat er t imes. All will surely be gat hered t oget her for appoint ed meet ing of a known Day.) ぴ56:49-50び

び⇔やギ∠ェぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ケ͡キゅ∠ピル⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲ∠ゼ∠ェ∠ヱぴ (and we shall gat her t hem all t oget her so as t o leave not one of t hem behind.) ぴ18:47び

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ゅ⇔ッ∇ゲハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ッ∠ゲ∠ハ∠ヱぴ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ン͡ゲ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ￢∃ べ∠トビ ͡ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ∠ ジ ͡エ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ - ゅ⇔バ∇ヨシ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ べｚル͡ま ￢∠ べΒ∠ ャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ン͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠Α びΙ ⇔ ゴ⊥ ル⊥ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡

(100. And on t hat Day We shall present Hell t o t he disbelievers, plain t o view.) (101. (To) t hose whose eyes had been under a covering from My Reminder, and t hey could not bear t o hear (it ).) (102. Do t hen t hose who disbelieved t hink t hat t hey can t ake My servant s as Awliya' ぴprot ect orsび besides Me Verily, We have prepared Hell as an ent ert ainment for t he disbelievers.)

Hell will be displayed before the Disbelievers on the Day of Resurrection Allah t ells us what He will do t o t he disbelievers on t he Day of Resurrect ion. He will show Hell t o t hem, meaning He will bring it fort h for t hem t o see it s punishment and t orment before t hey ent er it . This will int ensify t heir dist ress and grief. In Sahih Muslim it is recorded t hat Ibn Mas` ud said, "The Messenger of Allah said,

ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らジ ∠ よ͡ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠ボゎ⊥ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ イ ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ » «マ∠ヤョ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ∇らシ ∠ ュ∃ ゅ∠ョコ͡ あモミ⊥ ノ∠ ョ∠ ∩∃ュゅ∠ョコ͡ (Hell will be brought fort h on t he Day of Resurrect ion, pulled by means of sevent y t housand reins, each of which will be held by sevent y t housand angels.) Then Allah says of t hem:

びン͡ゲ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ￢∃ べ∠トビ ͡ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ ((To) t hose whose eyes had been under a covering from My Reminder,) meaning, t hey neglect ed it , t urning a blind eye and a deaf ear t o it , refusing t o accept guidance and follow t he t rut h. As Allah says:

ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ト∇Βセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ヂΒあ ボ∠ ル⊥ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ズ ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ∀リΑ͡ゲ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ (And whosoever t urns away blindly from t he remembrance of t he Most Gracious, We appoint for him a Shayt an t o be a companion for him.) ぴ43:36び And here Allah says:

び⇔ゅバ∇ヨシ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey could not bear t o hear (it ). ) meaning, t hey did not underst and t he commands and prohibit ions of Allah. Then He says:

リ͡ョ ン͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠Α ラ∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ∠ ジ ͡エ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び∠￢べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥キ

(Do t hen t hose who disbelieved t hink t hat t hey can t ake My servant s as Awliya' ぴprot ect orsび besides Me) meaning, do t hey t hink t hat t his is right for t hem and t hat it is going t o benefit t hem

び や⇔ギ∂ ッ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠らバ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΒ∠ シ ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay, but t hey will deny t heir worship of t hem, and become opponent s t o t hem) ぴ19:82び. Allah says t hat He has prepared Hell as t heir abode on t he Day of Resurrect ion.

モ ｚッ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ∠ ∇カΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ ユ⊥ムゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ ル⊥ ∇モワ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β⊥ ∇バシ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ - ゅ⇔バ∇レタ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レジ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ボル⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ろト ∠ ら͡ エ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ も͡ ゅ∠ボャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぼ⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ゅ⇔ル∇コヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや び や⇔ヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ ヴ͡ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ (103. Say: "Shall We t ell you t he great est losers in respect of (t heir) deeds'') (104. "Those whose effort s have been wast ed in t his life while t hey t hought t hat t hey were acquiring good by t heir deeds.'') (105. "They are t hose who deny t he Ayat of t heir Lord and t he meet ing wit h Him. So t heir works are in vain, and on t he Day of Resurrect ion, We shall assign no weight for t hem.'') (106. "That shall be t heir recompense, Hell; because t hey disbelieved and t ook My Ayat and My Messengers for j est .'')

The Greatest Losers in respect of (Their) Deeds Al-Bukhari recorded from ` Amr t hat Mus` ab who said: "I asked my fat her -- meaning Sa` d bin Abi Waqqas -- about Allah's saying,

びΚ ⇔ ⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∠リΑ͡ゲ∠ジ∇カｘΙゅ͡よ ユ⊥ムゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ ル⊥ ∇モワ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Shall We t ell you t he great est losers in respect of (t heir) deeds'') ` Are t hey t he Haruriyyah' He said, ` No, t hey are t he Jews and Christ ians. As for t he Jews, t hey disbelieved in Muhammad , and as for t he Christ ians, t hey disbelieved in Paradise and said t hat t here is no food or drink t here, and t he Haruriyyah are t hose who break Allah's covenant aft er rat ifying it .' Sa` d used t o call t hem Al-Fasiqin (t he corrupt ). ` Ali bin Abi Talib, Ad-Dahhak and ot hers said: "They are t he Haruriyyah,'' so t his means, t hat according t o ` Ali, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t his Ayah includes t he Haruriyyah j ust as it includes t he Jews, t he Christ ians and ot hers. This does not mean t hat t he Ayah was revealed concerning any of t hese groups in part icular; it

is more general t han t hat , because t he Ayah was revealed in Makkah, before t he Qur'an addressed t he Jews and Christ ians, and before t he Khawarij exist ed at all. So t he Ayah is general and refers t o everyone who worships Allah in a way t hat is not accept able, t hinking t hat he is right in doing t hat and t hat his deeds will be accept ed, but he is mist aken and his deeds will be rej ect ed, as Allah says:

ヴ∠ヤ∇ダゎ∠ - る∀ ら∠ タ ͡ ゅｚル る∀ ヤ∠ョ͡ ゅ∠ハ - る∀ バ∠ ゼ ͡ ⇒∠カ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ぴ び る⇔ Β∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ェ や⇔ケゅ∠ル (Some faces, t hat Day will be humiliat ed. Laboring, weary. They will ent er in t he hot blazing Fire.) ぴ88:2-4び

￢⇔ べ∠らワ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ モ ∃ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇ョ͡ギ∠ホ∠ヱぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥んレｚョ (And We shall t urn t o what ever deeds t hey did, and We shall make such deeds as scat t ered float ing part icles of dust .) ぴ25:23び

ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ る∃ バ∠ Β͡ボよ͡ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲジ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び⇔ゅゃ∇Βセ ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ロ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヴわｚ ェ ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ラ ⊥ べ∇ヨヌ ｚ ャや (As for t hose who disbelieved, t heir deeds are like a mirage in a desert . The t hirst y one t hinks it t o be wat er, unt il he comes up t o it , he finds it t o be not hing) ぴ24:39び And in t his Ayah Allah says:

びユ⊥ムゃ⊥ あらレ∠ ル⊥ ∇モワ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Shall We t ell you...'') meaning, ` Shall We inform you;'

び⇔Κ⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ∠ ∇カΙ ｘ ゅ͡よぴ (t he great est losers in respect of (t heir) deeds) Then Allah explains who t hey are, and says:

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β⊥ ∇バシ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those whose effort s have been wast ed in t his life) meaning, t hey did deeds t hat do not count , deeds t hat are not in accordance wit h t he prescribed way t hat is accept able t o Allah.

びゅ⇔バ∇レタ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レジ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (while t hey t hought t hat t hey were acquiring good by t heir deeds.) means, t hey t hought t hat t here was some basis for t heir deeds and t hat t hey were accept ed and loved.

び͡ヮも͡ ゅ∠ボャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (They are t hose who deny t he Ayat of t heir Lord and t he meet ing wit h Him.) t hey denied t he signs of Allah in t his world, t he proofs t hat He has est ablished of His Oneness and of t he t rut h of His Messengers, and t hey denied t he Hereaft er.

び⇔ゅル∇コヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ボル⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and on t he Day of Resurrect ion, We shall assign no weight for t hem.) means, ` We will not make t heir Balance heavy because it is empt y of any goodness.' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ゅ∠ャ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや ヶ͡ゎ∇ほΒ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡» ∇ラま͡ やヱ⊥￢ゲ∠ ∇ホや :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ る∃ ッ ∠ ヲ⊥バよ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ラ ⊥ ゴ͡ Α∠ :∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ び⇔ゅル∇コヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ボル⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ « (A huge fat man will come forward on t he Day of Resurrect ion and he will weigh no more t han t he wing of a gnat t o Allah. Recit e, if you wish:) (and on t he Day of Resurrect ion, We shall assign no weight for t hem) It was also recorded by Muslim.

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぼ⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That shall be t heir recompense, Hell; because t hey disbelieved) means, ` We will punish t hem wit h t hat because of t heir disbelief and because t hey t ook t he signs and Messengers of Allah as a j oke, mocking t hem and disbelieving t hem in t he worst way.'

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ - Ι ⇔ ゴ⊥ ル⊥ サ ͡ ∇ヱキ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ びΙ ⇔ ヲ∠ ェ ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ (107. "Verily, t hose who believe and do right eous deeds, shall have t he Gardens of Al-Firdaws for t heir ent ert ainment .'') (108. "Wherein t hey shall dwell (forever). No desire will t hey have for removal t herefrom.'')

The Reward of the Righteous Believers Allah t ells us about His blessed servant s, t hose who believed in Allah and His Messengers and accept ed as t rut h what t he Messengers brought . He t ells us t hat t hey will have t he Gardens of Al-Firdaws (Paradise). Abu Umamah said, "Al-Firdaws is t he cent er of Paradise.'' Qat adah said, "Al-Firdaws is a hill in Paradise, at it s cent er, t he best of it .'' This was also narrat ed from Samurah and at t ribut ed t o t he Prophet ,

«ゅ∠ヰレ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰト ⊥シ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ヲ∠ ∇よケ∠ サ ⊥ ∇ヱキ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ャや» (Al-Firdaws is a hill in Paradise, at it s cent er, t he best of it .) A similar report was narrat ed from Qat adah from Anas bin Malik, and at t ribut ed t o t he Prophet . All of t he preceding report s were narrat ed by Ibn Jarir, may Allah have mercy on him. The following is in t he Sahih,

ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ サ ∠ ∇ヱキ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ャや ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ャほ∠∇シゅ∠プ ∩∠るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ぶ ∠ や ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ や∠クま͡» ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ ゲ⊥ イ ｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや テ ⊥シ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∇ハ∠ぺ «るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや (If you ask Allah for Paradise, t hen ask Him for Al-Firdaws, for it is t he highest part of Paradise, in t he middle of Paradise, and from it spring t he rivers of Paradise.)

び⇔Ιゴ⊥ ル⊥ ぴ (ent ert ainment ) means offered t o t hem as hospit alit y.

びべヰ∠ Β͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カぴ (Wherein t hey shall dwell (forever).) means, t hey will st ay t here and never leave.

び⇔Ιヲ∠ ェ ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (No desire will t hey have for removal t herefrom. ) means, t hey will never choose or want anyt hing else. This Ayah t ells us how much t hey love and desire it , even t hough one might imagine t hat a person who is t o st ay in one place forever would get t ired and bored of it . But Allah t ells us t hat despit e t his et ernal st ay, t hey will never choose t o change or move from where t hey are.

ゲ⊥ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ヘ͡ レ∠ ャ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ ャあ や⇔キや∠ギョ͡ ゲ⊥ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャｚ モ⊥ホぴ び や⇔キ∠ギョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んヨ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ミ∠ ギ∠ ヘ∠ レ∠ゎ ラ∠ぺ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ (109. Say: "If t he sea were ink for t he Words of my Lord, surely, t he sea would be exhaust ed before t he Words of my Lord would be finished, even if We brought like it for it s aid.'')

The Words of the Lord can never be finished Allah says: ` Say, O Muhammad, if t he wat er of t he sea were ink for a pen t o writ e down t he words, wisdom and signs of Allah, t he sea would run dry before it all could be writ t en down.

び͡ヮ͡ヤ∇ん͡ヨ͡よ ゅ∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (even if We brought like it ) means, anot her sea, t hen anot her, and so on, addit ional seas t o be used for writ ing. The Words of Allah would st ill never run out . As Allah says:

ゲ⊥ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ュ∀ Κ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ リ͡ョ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ミ∠ ∇れギ∠ ヘ͡ ル∠ ゅｚョ ゲ∃ エ ⊥ ∇よぺ∠ る⊥ バ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ぁギヨ⊥ Α∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ (And if all t he t rees on t he eart h were pens and t he sea (were ink), wit h seven seas behind it t o increase it , yet t he Words of Allah would not be exhaust ed. Verily, Allah is All-Might y, AllWise.) ぴ31:27び Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said, "The parable of t he knowledge of all of mankind, in comparison t o t he knowledge of Allah, is t hat of a drop of wat er in comparison t o all of t he oceans.'' Allah revealed t hat :

ゲ⊥ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ヘ͡ レ∠ ャ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ ャあ や⇔キや∠ギョ͡ ゲ⊥ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャｚ モ⊥ホぴ びヴあよケ∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ミ∠ ギ∠ ヘ∠ レ∠ゎ ラ∠ぺ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠

(Say: "If t he sea were ink for t he Words of my Lord, surely, t he sea would be exhaust ed before t he Words of my Lord would be finished,) Allah says t hat even if t hose oceans were ink for t he Words of Allah, and all t he t rees were pens, t he pens would be broken and t he wat er of t he sea would run dry, and t he Words of Allah would remain, for not hing can out last t hem. For no one can comprehend t he great ness of Allah or praise Him as He deserves t o be praised, except t he One Who praises Himself. Our Lord is as He says He is and He is beyond what we can say. The blessings of t his world, t he beginning and end of it , in comparison t o t he blessings of t he Hereaft er, are like a must ard seed compared t o t he ent ire world.

∇ユム⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャま͡ べ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ Κ ⇔ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨプ∠ ∀ギ͡ェや∠ヱ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま び や∠ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ り͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ (110. Say: "I am only a man like you. It has been revealed t o me t hat your God is One God. So whoever hopes for t he meet ing wit h his Lord, let him work right eousness and associat e none as a part ner in t he worship of his Lord.'')

Muhammad is a Human Being and a Messenger, and the God is One Allah says t o His Messenger Muhammad ,

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say) t o t hese idolat ors who rej ect your message t o t hem,

び∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥∇んョあ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (` I am only a man like you.) Whoever claims t hat I am lying, let him bring somet hing like t his t hat I have brought . For I did not know t he Unseen, t he mat t ers of t he past which you asked me about and I t old you about , t he st ory of t he people of t he Cave and of Dhul-Qarnayn, st ories which are t rue -- I did not know any of t his except for what Allah made known t o me. And I t ell you,

び⊥ユム⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャま͡ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (t hat your God), Who calls you t o worship Him,

び∀ギェ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャま͡ぴ (is One God), wit h no part ner or associat e.'

び͡ヮよあ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨ∠プぴ (So whoever hopes for t he meet ing wit h his Lord,) i.e., hopes for a good reward and recompense,

び⇔ゅエ͡ヤ⇒∠タ Κ ⇔ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ぴ (let him work right eousness) meaning, in accordance wit h t he prescribed laws of Allah,

びや∠ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ り͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and associat e none as a part ner in t he worship of his Lord.) This is what is meant by seeking t he pleasure of Allah alone wit h no associat e or part ner. These are t he t wo basic feat ures of accept able deeds: t heir int ent is for t he sake of Allah alone, and are done in accordance wit h t he way of t he Messenger of Allah . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Mahmud bin Labid said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

«ゲ∠ピ∇タほ∠∇ャや ポ ⊥ ∇ゲあゼャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ∠ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ フ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» (What I fear t he most for you is t he small Shirk.) "They said: What is t he small Shirk, O Messenger of Allah'' He said,

サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ン ∠ ゴ∠ ィ ∠ や∠クま͡ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∩⊥￢ゅ∠Αゲあ ャや» ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢や∠ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ やヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇クや :∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ヨ∇ハほ∠よ͡ «∨⇔￢や∠ゴィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルゅ∠プ ∩ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや (Showing off (Ar-Riya'). Allah will say on t he Day of Resurrect ion, when t he people are rewarded or punished for t heir deeds, "Go t o t he one for whom you were showing off in t he world and see if you will find any reward wit h him.'') Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Sa` id bin Abi Fadalah Al-Ansari, who was one of t he Companions, said: "I heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡ べ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ ほ∠∇ャや ぶ ⊥ や ノ∠ ヨ∠ ィ ∠ や∠クま͡» ヶ͡プ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ :キ∃ ゅ∠レョ⊥ ン∠キゅ∠ル ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ ゅ∠ャ ュ∃ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡

ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ギ͡ ∇レハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ よ∠ や∠ヲを∠ ∇ょヤ⊥∇トΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ぶ ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ モ ∃ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ «ポ∇ゲゼ あ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ミゲ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや ヴ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩͡ぶや (Allah will gat her t he first and t he last on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t he Day concerning which t here is no doubt . A voice will call out , "Whoever used t o associat e anyone wit h Allah in t he deeds which he did, let him seek his reward from someone ot her t han Allah, for Allah is t he least in need of any part ner or associat e.) It was also recorded by At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Kahf. Praise be t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s.

The Tafsir of Surah Maryam (Chapter - 19) Which was revealed in Makkah Muhammad bin Ishaq recorded a Hadit h of Umm Salamah in his Sirah, and Ahmad bin Hanbal recorded from Ibn Mas` ud, t he st ory of t he Hij rah (migrat ion) t o Et hiopia from Makkah. The narrat ion ment ions t hat Ja` far bin Abi Talib recit ed t he first part of t his Surah t o An-Naj ashi and his companions.

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

∇クま͡ - べｚΑゲ͡ ミ∠ コ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇らハ ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ミク͡ - ゾバΒヰミぴ ユ⊥ ∇ヌバ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ワ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ゅ⇔Β∂ ヘ͡ カ ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ギル͡ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ン∠キゅ∠ル ゆ あ ケ∠ マ ∠ も͡ べ∠ハギ⊥ よ͡ ∇リミ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ら∇Βセ ∠ サ ⊥ ∇ぺゲｚ ャや モ ∠ バ∠ わ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ヴあレョ͡ ろ ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヴ͡もへ∠ケヱ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ∇ヘカ ͡ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ - ゅ⇔Β∂ ボ͡ セ ∠ ヴ͡レを⊥ ͡ゲ∠Α - ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇ルギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ ヴ͡ャ ∇ょヰ∠ プ∠ や⇔ゲ͡ホゅ∠ハ ヴ͡ゎぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや び ゅ⇔Β∂ ッ ͡ ケ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ メ ͡ や∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ゐ ⊥ ゲ͡ Α∠ ヱ∠ (1. Kaf Ha Ya ` Ain Sad.) (2. A reminder of t he mercy of your Lord t o His servant Zakariyya.) (3. When he called his Lord ぴwit hび a call in secret .) (4. He said: "My Lord! Indeed my bones have grown feeble, and gray hair has Asht a` al on my head, and I have never been unblessed in my invocat ion t o You, O my Lord!'') (5. "And verily, I fear Mawali aft er me, and my wife is barren. So give me from Yourself an heir.'') (6. "Who shall inherit me, and inherit (also) t he post erit y of Ya` qub. And make him, my Lord, one wit h whom You are well-pleased!'')

The Story of Zakariyya and His Supplication for a Son The discussion about the separate letters has already preceded at the beginning of Surat Al-Baqarah. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∠マよあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ミク͡ ぴ (A reminder of t he mercy of your Lord) This means t hat t his is a reminder of Allah's mercy upon His servant Zakariyya. Yahya bin Ya` mar recit ed it , (∠ゲミｚ ク∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ マ ∠ よ∠ケ ロ∠ギらハ コポケヵや) "He has reminded of

your Lord's mercy t o His servant Zakariyya.'' The word Zakariyya in t he Ayah has been recit ed wit h elongat ion and also short ened. Bot h recit at ions are well-known. He was a great Prophet from t he Prophet s of t he Children of Israel. In Sahih Al-Bukhari, it is recorded ぴt hat t he Prophet said about Zakariyyaび t hat He was a carpent er who used t o eat from what he earned wit h his own hand t hrough carpent ry. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ゅ⇔Β∂ ヘ͡ カ ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ギル͡ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ン∠キゅ∠ル ∇クま͡ぴ (When he called his Lord ぴwit hび a call in secret .) He only made his supplicat ion secret ly because it is more beloved t o Allah. This is similar t o what Qat adah said concerning t his Ayah,

び ゅ⇔Β∂ ヘ͡ カ ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ギル͡ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ン∠キゅ∠ル ∇クま͡ぴ (When he called out his Lord ぴwit hび a call in secret . ) "Verily, Allah knows t he pious heart and he hears t he hidden voice.''

びヴあレョ͡ ユ⊥ ∇ヌバ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ワ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "My Lord! Indeed my bones have grown feeble...'') meaning, "I have become weak and feeble in st rengt h.''

び⇔ゅら∇Βセ ∠ サ ⊥ ∇ぺｚゲャや モ ∠ バ∠ わ∠ ∇セや∠ヱぴ (and gray hair has Asht a` al on my head,) means t he gray hair has burned int o t he black hair. The int ent is t o inform of weakness and old age, and it s ext ernal and int ernal t races. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ボ͡ セ ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ マ ∠ も͡ べ∠ハギ⊥ よ͡ ∇リミ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and I have never been unblessed in my invocat ion t o You, O my Lord!) This means, "I have not experienced from You except t hat You would respond t o my supplicat ion and t hat You would never refuse me in what ever I ask of You.'' Concerning His st at ement ,

びヴ͡もへ∠ケヱ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ∇ヘカ ͡ ヶあルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, I fear Mawali aft er me,) Muj ahid, Qat adah and As-Suddi, all said, "In saying t he word Mawali, he (Zakariyya) meant his succeeding relat ives.'' The reason for his fear was t hat he was afraid t hat t he generat ion t hat would succeed him would be a wicked generat ion. Thus, he asked Allah for a son who would be a Prophet aft er him, who would guide t hem wit h his prophet hood and t hat which was revealed t o him. In response t o t his I would like t o point out t hat he was not afraid of t hem inherit ing his wealt h. For a Prophet is t oo great in st at us, and t oo loft y in est eem t o become remorseful over his wealt h in t his fashion. A Prophet would not disdain t o leave his wealt h t o his successive relat ives, and t hus ask t o have a son who would receive his inherit ance inst ead of t hem. This is one angle of argument . The second argument is t hat Allah did not ment ion t hat he (Zakariyya) was wealt hy. On t he cont rary, he was a

carpent er who at e from t he earnings of his own hand. This t ype of person usually does not have a mass of wealt h. Amassing wealt h is not somet hing normal for Prophet s, for verily, t hey are t he most abst ent ious in mat t ers of t his worldly life. The t hird argument is t hat it is confirmed in t he Two Sahihs, in more t han one narrat ion, t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«る∠ホギ∠ タ ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩⊥ゐケ∠ ヲ⊥ル ゅ∠ャ» (We (t he Prophet s) do not leave behind inherit ance (of wealt h). What ever we leave behind, t hen it is charit y.) In a narrat ion recorded by At -Tirmidhi wit h an aut hent ic chain of narrat ions, he said,

«ゐ∠ケヲ⊥ル ゅ∠ャ ￢͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ » (We, Prophet s do not leave behind inherit ance (of wealt h).) Therefore, t he meaning in t hese Hadit hs rest rict s t he meaning of Zakariyya's st at ement ,

びヴ͡レを⊥ ゲ͡ Α∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇ルギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ ヴ͡ャ ∇ょヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So give me from yourself an heir. Who shall inherit me,) inherit ance of prophet hood. For t his reason Allah said,

び∠ゆヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ メ ͡ や∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ゐ ⊥ ゲ͡ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and inherit (also) t he post erit y of Ya` qub.) This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び∠キヱ⊥ヱや∠キ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ゐ ∠ ケ͡ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Sulayman inherit ed from Dawud.)ぴ27:16び This means t hat he inherit ed prophet hood from him. If t his had meant wealt h, he would not have been singled wit h it among his ot her brot hers. There also would have been no import ant benefit in ment ioning it if it was referring t o wealt h. It is already well-known and est ablished in all of t he previous laws and divinely revealed creeds, t hat t he son inherit s t he wealt h of his fat her. Therefore, if t his was not referring t o a specific t ype of inherit ance, t hen Allah would not have ment ioned it . All of t his is support ed and affirmed by what is in t he aut hent ic Hadit h:

ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩⊥ゐケ∠ ヲ⊥ル ゅ∠ャ ￢͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや ゲ∠ セ ͡ ゅ∠バョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ » «る∠ホギ∠ タ ∠ (We Prophet s do not leave behind any inherit ance (of wealt h). What ever we leave behind, t hen it is charit y.) Muj ahid said concerning his st at ement ,

び∠ゆヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ メ ͡ や∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ゐ ⊥ ゲ͡ Α∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レを⊥ ゲ͡ Α∠ ぴ (Who shall inherit me, and inherit (also) t he post erit y of Ya'qub.) ぴ19:6び "His inherit ance was knowledge, and Zakariyya was one of t he descendant s of Ya` qub." Hushaym said, "Isma'il bin Abi Khalid informed us t hat Abu Salih comment ed about t he Ayah:

び∠ゆヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ メ ͡ や∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ゐ ⊥ ゲ͡ Α∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レを⊥ ゲ͡ Α∠ ぴ (who shall inherit me, and inherit (also) t he post erit y of Ya` qub.) "He would be a Prophet like his forefat hers were Prophet s.'' Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ッ ͡ ケ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱぴ (and make him, my Lord, one wit h whom You are well-pleased!) means "Make him pleasing t o You (Allah) and your creat ion. Love him and make him beloved t o your creat ures, in bot h his religion and his charact er.''

モ∠バ∇イル∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヴ∠Β∇エΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇シや ユ∃ ⇒∠ヤピ⊥ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ゼ あ ら∠ ル⊥ ゅｚル͡ま べｚΑ͡ゲ∠ミ∠ゴΑぴ び ゅ⇔Β∂ ヨ͡ シ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚャ (7. (Allah said:) "O Zakariyya! Verily, We give you t he good news of a son, whose name will be Yahya. We have given t hat name t o none before (him).'')

The acceptance of His Supplication This st at ement implies what is not ment ioned, t hat his supplicat ion was answered. It was said t o him,

びヴ∠Β∇エΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇シや ユ∃ ⇒∠ヤピ⊥ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ゼ あ ら∠ ル⊥ ゅｚル͡ま べｚΑ͡ゲ∠ミ∠ゴΑぴ ((Allah said:) "O Zakariyya! Verily, We give you t he glad t idings of a son, whose name will be Yahya...'') Similarly Allah, t he Exalt ed, said;

リ͡ョ ヴ͡ャ ∇ょワ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ゅｚΑゲ͡ ミ∠ コ∠ ゅ∠ハキ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ ぴ ヮ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ ゅ∠レプ∠ - ￢͡ べ∠ハギぁ ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨシ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ る⇔ ら∠ Βあ デ ∠ ⇔るΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ マ ∠ ∇ルギ⊥ ャｚ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠ゲ∇エヨ͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヴあヤダ ∠ Α⊥ ∀ユ͡もゅ∠ホ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや

や⇔ギΒあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ る∃ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴ⇒∠Β∇エΒ∠ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ゼ あ ら∠ Α⊥ び ∠リΒ͡エ͡ヤ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ６Βら͡ ル∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ダェ ∠ ヱ∠ (At t hat t ime Zakariyya invoked his Lord, saying: "O my Lord! Grant me from You, a good offspring. You are indeed t he All-Hearer of invocat ion.'' Then t he angels called him, while he was st anding in prayer in t he Mihrab, (saying): "Allah gives you glad t idings of Yahya, confirming (believing in) t he word from Allah, noble, keeping away from sexual relat ions wit h women, a Prophet , from among t he right eous.'')ぴ3:38-39び Allah said,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ヨ͡ シ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ∠バ∇イル∠ ∇ユャ∠ぴ (We have given t hat name t o none before (him).) Qat adah, Ibn Jurayj and Ibn Zayd said, "This means t hat no one had t his name before him.'' Ibn Jarir preferred t his int erpret at ion, may Allah have mercy upon him.

ヴ͡ゎぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ろ ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤビ ⊥ ヴ͡ャ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ゅ⇔Β∂ わ͡ ハ ͡ ゲ͡ ら∠ ム͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ピヤ∠よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ͡ホゅ∠ハ マ ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∀リΒあ ∠ワ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ び ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ (8. He said: "My Lord! How can I have a son, when my wife is barren, and I have reached t he ext reme old age.'') (9. He said: "Thus your Lord says: ` It is easy for Me. Cert ainly I have creat ed you before, when you had been not hing!''')ぴ19:8-9び

His amazement after the acceptance of His Supplication Zakariyya was amazed when his supplicat ion was answered and he was given t he good news of a son. He became ext remely overj oyed and asked how t his child would be born t o him, and in what manner he would come. This was part icularly amazing because his wife was an old woman who was barren and had not given birt h t o any children in her ent ire life. Even Zakariyya himself had become old and advanced in years, his bones had become feeble and t hin, and he had no pot ent semen or vigor for sexual int ercourse. The Answer of t he Angel

び∠メゅ∠ホぴ (He said:) That is, t he angel, in his response t o Zakariyya and his was amazement .

び∀リΒあ ワ∠ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ ("Thus says your Lord: ` It is easy for Me...''') Meaning t he birt h of t he son will be from you and from t his wife of yours and not from any ot her (woman).

び∀リΒあ ワ∠ ぴ (easy) Meaning, it is simple and easy for Allah t o do. Then he (t he angel) ment ioned t o him t hat which is more amazing t han what he was asking about . The angel said t hat t he Lord said,

び⇔ゅゃ∇Βセ ∠ マ ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Cert ainly I have creat ed you before, when you had been not hing!) This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

リ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ワギｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀リΒ͡ェ リ ͡ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ミ∇グョｚ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ (Has t here not been over man a period of t ime, when he was not a t hing wort h ment ioning) ぴ76:1び

ユ∠ ヤあム∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ わ⊥ Α∠ や∠￢ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ヴ͡ャ モ∠バ∇ィや ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ガ ∠ プ∠ - ゅ⇔Α∂ ヲ͡ シ ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠Βャ∠ ゑ ∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや び ゅ⇔Β∂ ゼ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥エらあ シ ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠ゲ∇エヨ͡ ∇ャや (10. He ぴZakariyyaび said: "My Lord! Appoint for me a sign.'' He said: "Your sign is t hat you shall not speak unt o mankind for t hree night s, t hough having no bodily defect .'') (11. Then he came out t o his people from t he Mihrab and he indicat ed t o t hem by signs t o glorify ぴAllahび in t he morning and in t he aft ernoon.)

The Sign of the Pregnancy Allah, t he Exalt ed, informed about Zakariyya t hat he said,

び⇔る∠Αや∠￢ ヴあャ モ∠バ∇ィや ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He (Zakariyya) said: "My Lord! Appoint for me a sign.'') "Give me a sign and a proof of t he exist ence of t hat which You have promised me, so t hat my soul will be at rest and my heart will be at ease wit h Your promise.'' Similarly Ibrahim said,

リ͡ョ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇エゎ⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヴ͡ルケ͡ ぺ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ びヴ͡ら∇ヤホ∠ リ ｚ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トΒ∠ ャあ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ (My Lord! Show me how You give life t o t he dead. He (Allah) said: "Do you not believe'' He said: "Yes (I believe), but t o put my heart at ease.'')ぴ2:260び Then Allah says,

び∠マわ⊥ Α∠ や∠￢ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "Your sign is...'') meaning, "Your sign will be...''

び⇔ゅΑ∂ ヲ͡ シ ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠Βャ∠ ゑ ∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ユ∠ ヤあム∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ぴ (t hat you shall not speak unt o mankind for t hree night s, t hough having no bodily defect .) Meaning, ` your t ongue will be prevent ed from speaking for t hree night s while you are healt hy and fit , wit hout any sickness or illness.' Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Wahb, As-Suddi, Qat adah and ot hers said, "His t ongue was arrest ed wit hout any sickness or illness.'' ` AbdurRahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, "He used t o recit e and glorify Allah, but he was not able t o speak t o his people except by gest ures. '' Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

び⇔ゅΑ∂ ヲ͡ シ ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠Βャ∠ ゑ ∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ぴ (t hree night s, t hough having no bodily defect .) "The night s were consecut ive.'' However, t he first st at ement t hat is report ed from him and t he maj orit y is more correct . This Ayah is similar t o what Allah, t he Exalt ed, said in Surah Al ` Imran,

ユ∠ ヤあム∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ わ⊥ Α∠ や∠￢ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ヴあャ モ∠バ∇ィや ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケｚ ゲ⊥ミ∇クや∠ヱ や⇔ゴ∇ョケ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る∠ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや び ゲ͡ ⇒∠ム∇よΗ ͡ や∠ヱ ヴ あゼ ͡ バ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ウらあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ (He said: "O my Lord! Make a sign for me.'' (Allah) said "Your sign is t hat you shall not speak t o mankind for t hree days except wit h signals. And remember your Lord much, and glorify (Him) in t he aft ernoon and in t he morning.)ぴ3:41び This is a proof t hat he did not speak t o his people for t hese t hree night s and t heir days as well.

びや⇔ゴ∇ョケ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except wit h signals.) Meaning, wit h bodily gest ures, t his is why Allah says in t his noble Ayah,

び͡ゆや∠ゲ∇エヨ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ガ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then he came out t o his people from t he Mihrab) referring t o t he place where he was given t he good news of t he child.

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ ぴ (he indicat ed t o t hem by signs) Meaning he made a gest ure t o t hem t hat was subt le and swift .

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ゼ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥エらあ シ ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ (t o glorify ぴAllahび in t he morning and in t he aft ernoon.) That t hey should be agreeable t o what he was commanded t o do during t hese t hree days, t o increase in his deeds and grat it ude t o Allah for what He had given him. Muj ahid said,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ ぴ (he indicat ed t o t hem by signs) "He made a gest ure.'' Wahb and Qat adah said t he same.

- ゅ⇔Β∂ ら͡ タ ∠ ユ∠ ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャや ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎへ∠ヱ り∃ ヲｚ ボ⊥ よ͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや グ͡ カ ⊥ ヴ∠Β∇エΒ∠ Αぴ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ よ͡ や６ゲよ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ６Βボ͡ ゎ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ り⇔ ヲ∠ミコ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚルギ⊥ ャｚ リあョ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠レェ ∠ ヱ∠ ギ∠ ャ͡ヱ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔Β∂ ダ ͡ ハ ∠ や⇔ケゅｚらィ ∠ リ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ び ゅ⇔Β∠ェ ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ (12. (It was said t o his son): "O Yahya! Hold fast t o t he Script ure.'' And We gave him wisdom while yet a child.) (13. And Hananan from Us, and Zakat an, and he was pious,) (14. And dut iful t o his parent s, and he was not arrogant or disobedient .) (15. And Salam (peace) be on him t he day he was born, and t he day he dies, and t he day he will be raised up t o life (again)!)

The Birth of the Boy and His Characteristics This also implies what is not ment ioned, t hat t his promised boy was born and he was Yahya. There is also t he implicat ion t hat Allah t aught him t he Book, t he Tawrah which t hey used t o st udy among t hemselves. The Prophet s who were sent t o t he Jews used t o rule according t o t he Tawrah, as did t he scholars and rabbis among t hem. He was st ill young in age when Allah gave him t his knowledge. This is t he reason t hat Allah ment ioned it . Because of how Allah favored him and his parent s, He says,

び∃りヲｚ ボ⊥ よ͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや グ͡ カ ⊥ ヴ∠Β∇エΒ∠ Αぴ

(O Yahya! Hold fast t o t he Script ure ぴt he Tawrahび.) Means, "Learn t he Book wit h st rengt h.'' In ot her words, learn it well, wit h zeal and st udious effort .

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ら͡ タ ∠ ユ∠ ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャや ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎへ∠ヱぴ (And We gave him wisdom while yet a child.) This means he was given underst anding, knowledge, fort it ude, diligence and zeal for good and t he pursuit of good. He was blessed wit h t hese charact erist ics even t hough he was young. Allah said,

びゅｚルギ⊥ ャｚ リあョ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠レェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And (made him) Hananan from Us,) ぴ19:13び Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

びゅｚルギ⊥ ャｚ リあョ ゅ⇔ルゅレ∠ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Hananan from Us, ) "This means mercy from Us.'' ` Ikrimah, Qat adah and Ad-Dahhak all said t he same. Ad-Dahhak added, "Mercy t hat no one would be able t o give except Us.'' Qat adah added, "Wit h it , Allah had mercy upon Zakariyya.'' Muj ahid said,

びゅｚルギ⊥ ャｚ リあョ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠レェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Hananan from Us,) "This was gent leness from His Lord upon him.'' The apparent meaning is t hat Allah's st at ement Hananan (affect ion, compassion) is direct ly relat ed t o His st at ement ,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ら͡ タ ∠ ユ∠ ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャや ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎへ∠ヱぴ (and We gave him wisdom while yet a child.) meaning, "We gave him wisdom, compassion and purit y.'' This means t hat he was a compassionat e man, who was right eous. Hanan means t he love for affect ion and t enderness (t owards ot hers). Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔りヲ∠ミコ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and Zakat an,) This is relat ed t o His st at ement ,

びゅ⇔ルゅ∠レェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Hananan) The word Zakah means purit y from filt h, wickedness and sins. Qat adah said, "The word Zakah means t he right eous deed.'' Ad-Dahhak and Ibn Jurayj bot h said, "The right eous deed is t he pure (Zakah) deed.'' Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

び⇔りヲ∠ミコ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and Zakat an,) "This means t hat he was a blessing.''

びゅ６Βボ͡ ゎ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and he was pious.)ぴ19:13び meaning t hat he was pure and had no inclinat ion t o do sins. Allah said;

び ゅ⇔Β∂ ダ ͡ ハ ∠ や⇔ケゅｚらィ ∠ リ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ よ͡ や６ゲよ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And dut iful t o his parent s, and he was not arrogant or disobedient .) Aft er Allah ment ioned Yahya's obedience t o his Lord and t hat Allah creat ed him full of mercy, purit y and piet y, He at t ached t o it his obedience t o his parent s and his good t reat ment of t hem. Allah ment ioned t hat he refrained from disobeying t hem in speech, act ions, commands and prohibit ions. Due t o t his Allah says,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ダ ͡ ハ ∠ や⇔ケゅｚらィ ∠ リ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and he was not arrogant or disobedient .) Then, aft er ment ioning t hese beaut iful charact erist ics, Allah ment ions his reward for t his,

ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ギ∠ ャ͡ヱ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔Β∠ェ (And Salam (peace) be on him t he day he was born, and t he day he dies, and t he day he will be raised up t o life (again)!) This means t hat he had securit y and safet y in t hese t hree circumst ances. Sufyan bin ` Uyaynah said, "The loneliest t hat a man will ever feel is in t hree sit uat ions. The first sit uat ion is on t he day t hat he is born, when he sees himself coming out of what he was in. The second sit uat ion is on t he day t hat he dies, when he sees people t hat he will not see anymore. The t hird sit uat ion is on t he day when he is resurrect ed, when he sees himself in t he great gat hering. Allah has exclusively honored Yahya, t he son of Zakariyya, by grant ing him peace in t hese sit uat ions. Allah says,

ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ギ∠ ャ͡ヱ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔Β∠ェ (And Salam (peace) be on him t he day he was born, and t he day he dies, and t he day he will be raised up t o life (again)!) This narrat ion was report ed by Ibn Jarir, from Ahmad bin Mansur AlMarwazi, from Sadaqah bin Al-Fadl, from Sufyan bin ` Uyaynah.

ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇れグ∠ ら∠ わ∠ ルや ク͡ ま͡ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ べ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔よゅ∠イェ ͡ ユ͡ヰル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇れグ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ - ゅ⇔Β͡ホ∇ゲセ ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョ∠ ヴあルま͡ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ - ゅ⇔Α∂ ヲ͡ シ ∠ ⇔やゲ∠ゼ∠よ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ モ ∠ んｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ェヱ⊥ケ べ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ゅ⇔Β∂ ボ͡ ゎ∠ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま マ ∠ レ͡ョ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャゅ͡よ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ - ゅ⇔Β∂ ミ͡ コ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヤビ ⊥ マ ͡ ャ∠ ょ ∠ ワ∠ Ι ６ マ ͡ よあ ケ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ - ゅ⇔Β∂ ピ͡ よ∠ ポ ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ジジ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤビ ⊥ ヴ͡ャ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇イレ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∀リΒあ ∠ワ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ び ゅ⇔Β∂ ツ ͡ ∇ボョｚ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゅｚレョあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレ∇ヤャあ (16. And ment ion in t he Book, Maryam, when she wit hdrew in seclusion from her family t o place facing east .) (17. She placed a screen before t hem; t hen We sent t o her Our Ruh, and he appeared before her in t he form of a man in all respect s.) (18. She said: "Verily, I seek refuge wit h t he Most Gracious (Allah) from you, if you do fear Allah.'') (19. (The angel) said: "I am only a messenger from your Lord, (t o announce) t o you t he gift of a right eous son.'') (20. She said: "How can I have a son when no man has t ouched me, nor am I Baghiyya'') (21. He said: "Thus says your Lord: ` That is easy for Me (Allah). And (We wish) t o appoint him as a sign t o mankind and a mercy from Us (Allah), and it is a mat t er (already) decreed (by Allah).''')

The Story of Maryam and Al-Masih (` Isa) Aft er Allah, t he Exalt ed, ment ioned t he st ory of Zakariyya, and t hat He blessed him wit h a right eous, purified and blessed child even in his old age while his wife was barren, He t hen ment ions t he st ory of Maryam. Allah informs of His grant ing her a child named ` Isa wit hout a fat her being involved (in her pregnancy). Bet ween t hese t wo st ories t here is an appropriat e and similar relat ionship. Due t o t heir closeness in meaning, Allah ment ioned t hem here t oget her, as well as in Surahs Al ` Imran and Al-Anbiya'. Allah has ment ioned t hese st ories t o show His servant s His abilit y, t he might of His aut horit y and t hat He has power over all t hings. Allah says,

び∠ユΑ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ (And ment ion in t he Book, Maryam,) She was Maryam bint ` Imran from t he family lineage of Dawud. She was from a good and wholesome family of t he Children of Israel. Allah ment ioned t he st ory of her mot her's pregnancy wit h her in Surah Al ` Imran, and t hat she (Maryam's mot her) dedicat ed her freely for t he service of Allah. This meant t hat she dedicat ed t he child

(Maryam) t o t he service of t he Masj id of t he Sacred House (in Jerusalem). Thus, t hey (Zakariyya, Maryam's mot her and Maryam) were similar in t hat aspect .

びゅ⇔レジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ⇔ゎゅ∠らル∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠わ∠らル∠ぺ∠ヱ リ ∃ジ ∠ェ ∠ メ ∃ ヲ⊥らボ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰよぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠らｚ ボ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So her Lord (Allah) accept ed her wit h goodly accept ance. He made her grow in a good manner.)ぴ3:37び Thus, Maryam was raised among t he Children of Israel in an honorable way. She was one of t he female worshippers, well-known for her remarkable act s of worship, devot ion and perseverance. She lived under t he care of her brot her-in-law, Zakariyya, who was a Prophet of t he Children of Israel at t hat t ime. He was a great man among t hem, whom t hey would refer t o in t heir religious mat t ers. Zakariyya saw ast onishing miracles occur from her t hat amazed him.

ゅ∠ワ∠ギレ͡ハ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠ゲ∇エヨ͡ ∇ャや ゅｚΑゲ͡ ミ∠ コ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ や∠グ⇒∠ワ マ ͡ ャ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ び∃ゆゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ベ ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (Every t ime Zakaiyya ent ered t he Mihrab t o (visit ) her, he found her supplied wit h sust enance. He said: "O Maryam! From where have you got t his'' She said, "This is from Allah.'' Verily, Allah provides t o whom He wills, wit hout limit .) ぴ3:37び It has been ment ioned t hat he would find her wit h wint er fruit during t he summer and summer fruit during t he wint er. This has already been explained in Surah Al ` Imran. Then, when Allah want ed t o grant her His servant and Messenger, ` Isa, one of t he five Great Messengers.

び⇔ゅΒ͡ホ∇ゲセ ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇れグ∠ ら∠ わ∠ ルやぴ (she wit hdrew in seclusion from her family t o place facing east .) ぴ19:16び This means t hat she wit hdrew from t hem and secluded herself from t hem. She went t o t he east ern side of t he Sacred Masj id (in Jerusalem). It is report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "Verily, I am t he most knowledgeable of Allah's creat ion of why t he Christ ians t ook t he east as t he direct ion of devot ional worship. They did because of Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔ゅΒ͡ホ∇ゲセ ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇れグ∠ ら∠ わ∠ ルやぴ (When she wit hdrew in seclusion from her family t o a place facing east .) Therefore, t hey t ook t he birt hplace of ` Isa as t heir direct ion of worship.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔ゅよゅ∠イェ ͡ ユ͡ヰル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇れグ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ ゅ∠プぴ (She placed a screen before t hem;) This means t hat she hid herself from t hem and concealed herself. Then, Allah sent Jibril t o her.

び⇔ゅΑ∂ ヲ͡ シ ∠ ⇔やゲ∠ゼ∠よ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ モ ∠ んｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and he appeared before her in t he form of a man in all respect s.) ぴ19:17び This means t hat he came t o her in t he form of a perfect and complet e man. Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah, Ibn Jurayj , Wahb bin Munabbih and As-Suddi all comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠レェ ∠ ヱ⊥ケ べ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ぴ (t hen We sent t o her Our Ruh,) "It means Jibril.''

び ゅ⇔Β∂ ボ͡ ゎ∠ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま マ ∠ レ͡ョ ͡リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャゅ͡よ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホぴ (She said: "Verily, I seek refuge wit h t he Most Gracious from you, if you do fear Allah.'') This means t hat when t he angel (Jibril) appeared t o her in t he form of a man, while she was in a place secluded by herself wit h a part it ion bet ween her and her people, she was afraid of him and t hought t hat he want ed t o rape her. Therefore, she said,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ボ͡ ゎ∠ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま マ ∠ レ͡ョ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャゅ͡よ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ (Verily, I seek refuge wit h t he Most Gracious from you, if you do fear Allah.) She meant , "If you fear Allah,'' as a means of reminding him of Allah. This is what is legislat ed in defense against (evil), so t hat it may be repulsed wit h ease. Therefore, t he first t hing she did was t ry t o make him fear Allah, t he Might y and Sublime. Ibn Jarir report ed from ` Asim t hat Abu Wa'il said when ment ioning t he st ory of Maryam, "She knew t hat t he pious person would refrain (from commit t ing evil) when she said,

べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホゅ⇔Β∂ ボ͡ ゎ∠ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま マ ∠ レ͡ョ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャゅ͡よ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ び͡マよあ ケ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ ("Verily, I seek refuge wit h t he Most Gracious from you, if you do fear Allah.'' He said: "I am only a messenger from your Lord...'') This means t hat t he angel said t o her in response, and in order t o remove t he fear t hat she felt wit hin herself, "I am not what you t hink, but I am t he messenger of your Lord.'' By t his he meant , "Allah has sent me t o you.'' It is said t hat when she ment ioned t he (Name of t he) Most Beneficent (Ar-Rahman), Jibril fell apart and ret urned t o his t rue form (as an angel). He responded, (べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ マ ͡ よあ ケ∠ ょ∠ヰ∠Β͡ャ マ ͡ ャ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヤビ ⊥ ゅ６Β͡ミ∠コ) ` I am only a messenger from your Lord, t o provide t o you t he gift of a right eous son.'

び∀ユ⇒∠ヤビ ⊥ ヴ͡ャ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホぴ (She said: "How can I have a son...'') This means t hat Maryam was amazed at t his. She said, "How can I have a son'' She said t his t o mean, "In what way would a son be born t o me when I do not have a husband and I do not commit any wicked act s (i.e. fornicat ion)'' For t his reason she said,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ピ͡ よ∠ ポ ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ジジ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (when no man has t ouched me, nor am I Baghiyya) The Baghiyy is a female fornicat or. For t his reason, a Hadit h has been report ed prohibit ing t he money earned from Baghiyy.

び∀リΒあ ワ∠ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "Thus said your Lord: ` That is easy for Me (Allah)...'') This means t hat t he angel said t o her in response t o her quest ion, "Verily, Allah has said t hat a boy will be born from you even t hough you do not have a husband and you have not commit t ed any lewdness. Verily, He is Most Able t o do what ever He wills.'' Due t o t his, he (Jibril) conveyed Allah's Words,

び͡サゅｚレ∇ヤャあ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇イレ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And (We wish) t o appoint him as a sign t o mankind) This means a proof and a sign for mankind of t he power of t heir Maker and Creat or, Who diversified t hem in t heir creat ion. He creat ed t heir fat her, Adam, wit hout a male (fat her) or female (mot her). Then, He creat ed Hawwa' (Adam's spouse) from a male (fat her) wit hout a female (mot her). Then, He creat ed t he rest of t heir progeny from male and female, except ` Isa. He caused ` Isa t o be born from a female wit hout a male. Thus, Allah complet ed t he four t ypes of creat ion (of t he human being), which proves t he perfect ion of His power and t he magnificence of His aut horit y. There is no god wort hy of worship except Him and t here is no t rue Lord ot her t han Him. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びゅｚレョあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and a mercy from Us,) This means, "We will make t his boy a mercy from Allah and a Prophet from among t he Prophet s. He will call t o t he worship of Allah and monot heist ic belief in Him. This is as Allah, t he Exalt ed, said in anot her Ayah,

る∃ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ポ ͡ ゲ⊥ ゼ あ ら∠ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ Α る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ ヶ͡プ ゅ⇔ヰΒ͡ィヱ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇シや ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ヴ͡プ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ あヤム∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡よゲｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや びリ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ ∇ヰミ∠ ヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰヨ∠ ∇ャや ((Remember) when t he angels said: "O Maryam! Verily, Allah gives you t he good news of a Word from Him, his name will be Al-Masih, ` Isa, t he son of Maryam, held in honor in t his world and in t he Hereaft er, and will be one of t hose who are near t o Allah. And he will speak t o t he people, in t he cradle and in manhood, and he will be one of t he right eous.) ぴ3:45-46び This means t hat he will call t o t he worship of his Lord in his cradle and while and adult . Concerning His st at ement ,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ツ ͡ ∇ボョｚ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and it is a mat t er (already) decreed (by Allah).) This is t he complet ion of Jibril's dialogue wit h Maryam. He informed her t hat t his mat t er was preordained by Allah's power and will. Muhammad bin Ishaq said,

びゅ⇔Β∂ ツ ͡ ∇ボョｚ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and it is a mat t er (already) decreed (by Allah).) "This means t hat Allah det ermined t o do t his, so t here is no avoiding it .''

ゅ∠ワ￢∠ べ∠ィほ∠プ∠ - ゅ⇔Β∂ ダ ͡ ホ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇れグ∠ ら∠ わ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プ ヮ⊥ ∇わヤ∠ヨ∠ エ ∠ プ∠ ぴ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ろ ぁ ョ͡ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βヤ∠Α ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ る͡ ヤ∠∇ガレｚ ャや ネ ͡ ∇グィ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ チ ⊥ ゅ∠ガヨ∠ ∇ャや び ゅ⇔Β∂ ジ ͡ レｚョ ゅ⇔Β∇ジル∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ (22. So she conceived him, and she wit hdrew wit h him t o a remot e place.) (23. And t he pains of childbirt h drove her t o t he t runk of a dat e palm. She said: "Would t hat I had died before t his, and had been forgot t en and out of sight !'')

The Conception and the Birth Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs about Maryam t hat when Jibril had spoken t o her about what Allah said, she accept ed t he decree of Allah. Many scholars of t he predecessors (Salaf) have ment ioned t hat at t his point t he angel (who was Jibril) blew int o t he opening of t he garment t hat she was wearing. Then t he breat h descended unt il it ent ered int o her vagina and she conceived t he child by t he leave of Allah. Muhammad bin Ishaq said, "When she conceived him and filled her wat er j ug (at a well), she ret urned (t o her people). Aft er t his, her menst rual bleeding ceased and she experienced what t he pregnant woman experiences of sickness, hunger, change of color and t here was even a change in t he manner of her speech. Aft er t his, no people came t o visit any house like t hey did t he house of Zakariyya. The word spread among t he Children of Israel and t he people were saying, ` Verily, her part ner (in fornicat ion) was Yusuf, because t here was no one else in t he t emple wit h her except him.' So she hid herself from t he people and placed a veil bet ween herself and t hem. No one saw her and she did not see anyone else.'' Allah said;

び͡る∠ヤ∇ガレｚ ャや ネ ͡ ∇グィ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ チ ⊥ ゅ∠ガヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ワ￢∠ べ∠ィほ∠プ∠ ぴ (And t he pains of childbirt h drove her t o t he t runk of a dat e palm.) This means t hat her pains of labor compelled her t o go t o t he t runk of a dat e-palm t ree t hat was at t he place where she had secluded herself. The scholars differed over it s locat ion. As-Suddi said, "Her place of seclusion was t o t he east and t hat was where she would pray at t he Sacred House of

Jerusalem.'' Wahb bin Munabbih said, "She ran away and when she reached an area bet ween Ash-Sham and Egypt , she was overcome by labor pains.'' In anot her narrat ion from Wahb, he said, "This t ook place eight miles from t he Sacred House of Jerusalem in a village t hat was known as Bayt Al-Lahm (Bet hlehem).'' I say, t here are Hadit hs about t he Isra' (Night Journey of t he Prophet ) t hat are report ed by An-Nasa'i on t he aut horit y of Anas, and Al-Bayhaqi on t he aut horit y of Shadad bin Aws, t hat say t hat t his t ook place at Bait Al-Lahm. Allah knows best . This is what is well known t hat t he people all relat e from each ot her. The Christ ians have no doubt held t hat t he place of t his occurrence was Bet hlehem and t his is what all t he people relat e. It has been relat ed in a Hadit h also, if t he Hadit h is aut hent ic. Allah says, informing about her,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ジ ͡ レｚョ ゅ⇔Β∇ジル∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ろ ぁ ョ͡ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βヤ∠Α ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホぴ (She said: "Would t hat I had died before t his, and had been forgot t en and out of sight !'') In t his is an evidence of t he permissibilit y t o wish for deat h when a calamit y st rikes. She knew t hat she was going t o be t est ed wit h t he birt h, t he people would not assist her, and t hey would not believe her st ory. Aft er she was known as a devout worshipper among t hem, t hey now t hought t hat she had become a fornicat ing whore. She said,

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ろ ぁ ョ͡ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βヤ∠Αぴ (Would t hat I had died before t his,) She said t his t o mean before t his sit uat ion.

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ジ ͡ レｚョ ゅ⇔Β∇ジル∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ぴ (and I had been forgot t en and out of sight !) This means, "I wish I had not been creat ed and I was not hing.'' This was ment ioned by Ibn ` Abbas. Qat adah said,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ジ ͡ レｚョ ゅ⇔Β∇ジル∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ぴ (and I had been forgot t en and out of sight !) "This means somet hing unknown, forgot t en and no one knew who I was.''

マ ͡ よぁ ケ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヴ͡ル∠ゴ∇エ∠ゎ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ べ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ワや∠キゅ∠レプ∠ ぴ ∇テボ͡ ⇒∠ジゎ⊥ る͡ ヤ∠∇ガレｚ ャや ネ ͡ ∇グイ ͡ よ͡ マ ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ンあゴワ⊥ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔Α∂ ゲ͡ シ ∠ マ ͡ わ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ⇔レ∇Βハ ∠ ンあゲホ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡よ∠ゲ∇セや∠ヱ ヴ͡ヤム⊥ ∠プ - ゅ⇔Β∂ レ͡ ィ ∠ ゅ⇔ら∠デケ⊥ マ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ ル∠ ヴあルま͡ ヴ͡ャヲ⊥ボプ∠ や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ゲ͡ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ Α͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚョみ͡プ∠ び ゅ⇔Β∂ ジ ͡ ル͡ま ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ヤあミ∠ ぺ⊥ ∇リヤ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲタ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ

(24. Then he cried unt o her from below her, saying: "Grieve not : your Lord has provided a Sariy under you.'') (25. "And shake t he t runk of dat e palm t owards you, it will let fall fresh ripe dat es upon you.'') (26. "So eat and drink and rej oice. And if you see any human being, say: ` Verily, I have vowed a fast for t he Most Gracious so I shall not speak t o any human being t oday.,'')

What was said to Her after the Birth Some reciters read the Ayah as, (∇リョ∠ ゅヰ∠わエ∠ゎ) Who was below her) Meaning t he one who was below her called t o her. Ot hers recit ed it as,

びべ∠ヰわ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョぴ (from below her) Wit h t he meaning of a preposit ion (from) inst ead of a pronoun (who). The scholars of Tafsir have differed over t he int erpret at ion of who was calling out . Al-` Awfi and ot hers report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said,

びべ∠ヰわ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ワや∠キゅ∠レプ∠ ぴ (Then cried unt o her from below her,) "This is referring t o Jibrilbecause ` Isa did not speak unt il she brought him t o her people.'' Similarly, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Ad-Dahhak, ` Amr bin Maymun, AsSuddi and Qat adah all said, "Verily, t his is referring t o t he angel Jibril.'' This means t hat he (Jibril) called out t o her from t he bot t om of t he valley. Muj ahid said,

びべ∠ヰわ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ワや∠キゅ∠レプ∠ ぴ (Then cried unt o her from below her,) "This is referring t o ` Isa bin Maryam.'' Likewise, ` AbdurRazzaq report ed from Ma` mar t hat Qat adah said t hat Al-Hasan said, "This is referring t o her son (` Isa).'' This is also one of t he t wo opinions report ed from Sa` id bin Jubayr -- t hat it was her son, ` Isa, speaking. Sa` id said, "Have you not heard Allah saying,

び͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇れ∠ケゅ∠セ∠ほ∠プぴ (Then she point ed t o him.) Ibn Zayd and Ibn Jarir preferred t his opinion in his Tafsir. Allah said,

びヴ͡ルゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ぴ (Grieve not :) He called t o her saying, "Do not grieve.''

び⇔ゅΑ∂ ゲ͡ シ ∠ マ ͡ わ∠ ∇エゎ∠ マ ͡ よぁ ケ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (your Lord has provided a Sariy under you.) Sufyan At h-Thawri and Shu` bah report ed from Abu Ishaq t hat Al-Bara' bin ` Azib said, s

び⇔ゅΑ∂ ゲ͡ シ ∠ マ ͡ わ∠ ∇エゎ∠ マ ͡ よぁ ケ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (your Lord has provided a Sariy under you.) "This means a small st ream.'' Likewise, ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Sariy means a river.'' ` Amr bin Maymun held t he same view, as he said, "It means a river for her t o drink from.'' Muj ahid said, "It means river in t he Syrian language.'' Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "Sariy is a small flowing river.'' Ot hers said t hat Sariy refers t o ` Isa. This was said by Al-Hasan, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Muhammad bin ` Abbad bin Ja` far, and it is one of t he t wo opinions report ed from Qat adah. It is also t he view of ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam. However, t he first view seems t o be t he most obvious meaning. For t his reason, Allah said aft er it ,

び͡るヤ∠∇ガレｚ ャや ネ ͡ ∇グイ ͡ よ͡ マ ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ンあゴワ⊥ ∠ヱぴ (And shake t he t runk of dat e palm t owards you,) meaning, "Grab t he t runk of t he dat e-palm t ree and shake it t owards yourself.'' Therefore, Allah blessed her by giving her food and drink. Then He said,

ンあゲホ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡よ∠ゲ∇セや∠ヱ ヴ͡ヤム⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ レ͡ ィ ∠ ゅ⇔ら∠デケ⊥ マ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇テボ͡ ⇒∠ジゎ⊥ ぴ び⇔ゅレ∇Βハ ∠ (It will let fall fresh ripe dat es upon you. So eat and drink and rej oice.) Meaning t o be happy. This is why ` Amr bin Maymun said, "Not hing is bet t er for t he woman confined in childbed t han dried dat es and fresh dat es.'' Then he recit ed t his noble Ayah. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔やギ∠ェぺ∠ ゲ͡ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ Α͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚョみ͡プ∠ ぴ (And if you see any human being,) This means any person t hat you see,

ユ∠ ヤあミ∠ ぺ⊥ ∇リヤ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲタ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ れ ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ ル∠ ヴあルま͡ ヴ͡ャヲ⊥ボプ∠ ぴ び⇔ゅΒ∂ ジ ͡ ル͡ま ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや (Say: ` Verily, I have vowed a fast unt o t he Most Gracious (Allah) so I shall not speak t o any human being t oday.') Meaning, by signaling wit h gest ures, not a st at ement by speech. This is so t hat she does not negat e her oat h it self,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ジ ͡ ル͡ま ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ヤあミ∠ ぺ⊥ ∇リヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (so I shall not speak t o any human being t oday. ) Anas bin Malik comment ed on,

び⇔ゅョ∇ヲタ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ れ ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ ル∠ ヴあル͡まぴ (I have vowed a fast unt o t he Most Gracious) He said; "A vow of silence.'' Likewise said Ibn ` Abbas and Ad-Dahhak. The meaning here is t hat in t heir Law, when fast ing, it was forbidden for t hem t o eat and speak. As-Suddi, Qat adah and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd have all st at ed t his view. ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd said, "When ` Isa said t o Maryam,

びヴ͡ルゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ぴ (Grieve not ) She said, ` How can I not grieve when you are wit h me and I have no husband nor am I an owned slave woman What excuse do I have wit h t he people Woe unt o me, if I had only died before t his, and had been a t hing forgot t en and unknown.' Then, ` Isa said t o her, ` I will suffice you wit h a st at ement ,

れ ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ ル∠ ヴあルま͡ ヴ͡ャヲ⊥ボプ∠ や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ゲ͡ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ Α͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚョみ͡プ∠ ぴ び⇔ゅΒ∂ ジ ͡ ル͡ま ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ヤあミ∠ ぺ⊥ ∇リヤ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲタ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ (And if you see any human being, say: ` Verily, I have vowed a fast unt o t he Most Gracious so I shall not speak t o any human being t his day.')' All of t his is from t he speech of ` Isa t o his mot her.'' Wahb said t he same as well.

ろ ͡ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ろゎ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ポ ͡ ヲ⊥よぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ ろ ∠ ∇カほ⊥Α - ゅ⇔Α∂ ゲ͡ プ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇れケ∠ ゅ∠セほ∠プ∠ - ゅ⇔Β∂ピ͡ よ∠ マ ͡ ョぁ ぺ⊥ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヲシ ∠ ヴあルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ゅ⇔Β∂ ら͡ タ ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ユ⊥ あヤム∠ ル⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヴ͡レヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔Β∂ ら͡ ル∠ ヴ͡レヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ゎや∠￢ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ∇らハ ∠ り͡ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや∠ヱ り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ヴ͡ルゅ∠タ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ゅ⇔ミ∠ケゅ∠らョ⊥ や⇔ケゅｚらィ ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ゎギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲよ͡ や⇔ゲ∂ よ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔Β∂ ェ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ョキ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ョぺ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぁれ∇ギャ͡ヱ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ⊥ ⇒∠ヤジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ - ゅ⇔Β∂ ボ͡ セ ∠ び ゅ⇔Β∂ ェ ∠ ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇よぺ⊥

(27. Then she brought him t o her people, carrying him. They said: "O Mary! Indeed you have brought a t hing Fariy.'') (28. "O sist er of Harun! Your fat her was not a man who used t o commit adult ery, nor your mot her was an unchast e woman.'') (29. Then she point ed t o him. They said: "How can we t alk t o one who is a child in t he cradle'') (30. He said: "Verily, I am a servant of Allah, He has given me t he Script ure and made me a Prophet ;'') (31. "And He has made me blessed wherever I be, and has enj oined on me ぴAwsaniび Salah and Zakah, as long as I live.'') (32. "And t o be dut iful t o my mot her, and made me not arrogant , unblessed.'') (33. "And Salam (peace) be upon me t he day I was born, and t he day I die, and t he day I shall be raised alive!'')

Maryam with Al-Masih before the People, Their Rejection of Her and His Reply to Them Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs of Maryam's sit uat ion when she was commanded t o fast t hat day and not t o speak t o any human being. For verily, her affair would be t aken care of and her proof would be est ablished. Thus, she accept ed t he command of Allah and she readily received His decree. She t ook her child and brought him t o her people, carrying him. When t hey saw her like t his t hey made a big deal about her sit uat ion and t hey st ernly prot est ed against of it , and

び⇔ゅΑ∂ ゲ͡ プ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ろ ͡ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "O Mary! Indeed you have brought a t hing Fariy.'') Fariy means a might y t hing. This was said by Muj ahid, Qat adah, As-Suddi and ot hers. Ibn Abi Hat im report ed from Nawf Al-Bikali t hat he said, "Her people went out searching for her, she was from a family t hat was blessed wit h prophet hood and nobilit y. However, t hey could not find any t race of her. They came across a cow herder and t hey asked him, ` Have you seen a girl whose descript ion is such and such' He replied, ` No, but t onight I saw my cows doing somet hing t hat I've never seen t hem do before.' They asked, ` What did you see' He said, ` Tonight I saw t hem prost rat ing in t he direct ion of t hat valley.''' ` Abdullah bin Ziyad said (adding t o t he narrat ion), "I memorized from Sayyar t hat he (t he cat t le herder) said, ` I saw a radiant light .' '' So t hey went t owards t he direct ion t hat he t old him, and Maryam was coming t owards t hem from t hat direct ion. When she saw t hem she sat down and she was holding her child in her lap. They came t owards her unt il t hey were st anding over her.

び⇔ゅΑ∂ ゲ͡ プ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ろ ͡ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "O Mary! Indeed you have brought a might y t hing (Fariy).'') This means it was a might y t hing t hat she had brought .

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ ろ ∠ ∇カほ⊥Αぴ (O sist er of Harun!) This means, "O one resembling Harun (Aaron) in worship.''

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ピ͡ よ∠ マ ͡ ョぁ ぺ⊥ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヲシ ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ポ ͡ ヲ⊥よぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ (Your fat her was not a man who used t o commit adult ery, nor your mot her was an unchast e woman.) They meant , "You are from a good, pure family, well-known for it s right eousness, worship and abst inence from worldy indulgence. How could you do such a t hing'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah and As-Suddi bot h said, "It was said t o her,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ ろ ∠ ∇カほ⊥Αぴ (O sist er of Harun!) referring t o t he brot her of Musa, because she was of his descendant s. This is similar t o t he saying, ` O brot her of Tamim,' t o one who is from t he Tamimi t ribe, and ` O brot her of Mudar,' t o one who is from t he Mudari t ribe. It has also been said t hat she was relat ed t o a right eous man among t hem whose name was Harun and she was comparable t o him in her abst inence and worship. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

ギ͡ ∇ヰヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ユ⊥ あヤム∠ ル⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇れ∠ケゅ∠セ∠ほ∠プぴ び ゅ⇔Β∂ ら͡ タ ∠ (Then she point ed t o him. They said: "How can we t alk t o one who is a child in t he cradle'') This is what t ook place while t hey were in doubt about her sit uat ion, condeming her circumst ances, saying what t hey want ed t o say. At t hat t ime t hey were slandering her and falsely accusing her of a horrendous act . On t hat day she was fast ing and keeping silent . Therefore, she referred all speech t o him (t he child) and she direct ed t hem t o his address and speech t o t hem. They scoffed at her because t hey t hought t hat she was mocking at t hem and playing wit h t hem. They said,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ら͡ タ ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ユ⊥ あヤム∠ ル⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ぴ (How can we t alk t o one who is a child in t he cradle) Maymun bin Mahran said,

び͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇れ∠ケゅ∠セ∠ほ∠プぴ (Then she point ed t o him.) "She indicat ed, ` Speak t o him.' They t hen said, ` Aft er she has come t o us wit h t his calamit y, she now commands us t o speak t o one who is a child in t he cradle!''' As-Suddi said, "When she point ed t o him t hey became angry and said, ` Her mocking us, t o t he ext ent of commanding us t o speak t o t his child, is worse t o us t han her fornicat ion.' ''

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ら͡ タ ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ユ⊥ あヤム∠ ル⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "How can we t alk t o one who is a child in t he cradle'') This means, "How can someone speak who is in his cradle, in t he st at e of infancy and a child'' ` Isa said,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ギ⊥ ∇らハ ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ (Verily, I am a servant of Allah,) The first t hing t hat he said was a declarat ion of t he loft y honor of his Lord and His being free of having a child. Also, he affirmed t hat he himself was a worshipper of his Lord. Allah said,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ら͡ ル∠ ヴ͡レヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ゎや∠￢ぴ (He has given me t he Script ure and made me a Prophet .) This was a declarat ion of innocence for his mot her from t he immoralit y t hat was at t ribut ed t o her. Nawf Al-Bikali said, "When t hey said what t hey said t o his mot her, he (` Isa) was nursing from her breast . At t heir st at ement he released t he breast from his mout h and reclined on his left saying,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ら͡ ル∠ ヴ͡レヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ゎや∠￢ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ∇らハ ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ (Verily, I am a servant of Allah, He has given me t he Script ure and made me a Prophet .) And he cont inued speaking unt il he said,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ∠ェ ろ ⊥ ∇ョキ⊥ ゅ∠ョぴ (as long as I live.)'' Concerning his st at ement ,

び⊥ろレ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ゅ⇔ミ∠ケゅ∠らョ⊥ ヴ͡レヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He has made me blessed wherever I be,) Muj ahid, ` Amr bin Qays and At h-Thawri all said t hat t his means, "And He made me a t eacher of goodness.'' In anot her narrat ion from Muj ahid, he said, "A person of great benefit .'' Ibn Jarir report ed from Wuhayb bin Al-Ward, a freed slave of t he Bani Makhzum t ribe, t hat he said, "A scholar met anot her scholar who had more knowledge t han himself. So he said t o him, ` May Allah have mercy upon you, what act s of mine should I perform openly' The ot her replied, ` Commanding good and forbidding evil, for verily, it is t he religion of Allah, which He sent His Prophet s wit h t o His servant s.' The scholars have indeed agreed upon t he st at ement of Allah,

び⊥ろレ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ゅ⇔ミ∠ケゅ∠らョ⊥ ヴ͡レヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He has made me blessed wherever I be,) Then it was said, ` What was his blessing' He (Wuhayb) replied, ` Commanding good and forbidding evil wherever he was.' '' His saying,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ∠ェ ろ ⊥ ∇ョキ⊥ ゅ∠ョ り͡ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや∠ヱ り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ヴ͡ルゅ∠タ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and He has enj oined on me ぴAwsaniび Salah and Zakah, as long as I live.) This is similar t o t he st at ement of Allah t o Muhammad ,

びリ ⊥ Β͡ボΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ∇ギら⊥ ∇ハや∠ヱぴ (And worship your Lord unt il t here comes unt o you t he cert aint y (i.e. deat h).) ぴ15:99び ` AbdurRahman bin Al-Qasim report ed from Malik bin Anas t hat he comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ∠ェ ろ ⊥ ∇ョキ⊥ ゅ∠ョ り͡ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや∠ヱ り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ヴ͡ルゅ∠タ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and He has enj oined on me ぴAwsaniび Salah and Zakah, as long as I live.) He said, "Allah informed him of what would be of his affair unt il his deat h. This is t he firmest evidence against t he people who deny Allah's preordained decree.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びヴ͡ゎギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲよ͡ や⇔ゲ∂ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t o be dut iful t o my mot her.) This means, "He (Allah) has commanded me t o t reat my mot her well.'' He ment ioned t his aft er ment ioning obedience t o his Lord, Allah. This is because Allah oft en combines t he command t o worship Him wit h obedience t o t he parent s. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒ｚΑま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び⇔ゅレ⇒∠ジ∇ェま͡ (And your Lord has decreed t hat you worship none but Him and t hat you be dut iful t o your parent s.) ぴ17:23び And He, t he Exalt ed, said,

び⊥ゲΒ͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ マ ∠ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゲム⊥ ∇セや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ぴ (Give t hanks t o Me and t o your parent s. Unt o Me is t he final dest inat ion.) ぴ31:14び Concerning his st at ement ,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ボ͡ セ ∠ や⇔ケゅｚらィ ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and He made me not arrogant , unblessed.) This means, "He (Allah) has not made me t oo proud or arrogant t o worship Him, obey Him and be dut iful t o my mot her, and t hus be unblessed.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ョぺ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぁれ∇ギャ͡ヱ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ⊥ ⇒ヤ∠ジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ び ゅ⇔Β∂ ェ ∠ ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇よぺ⊥ (And Salam (peace) be upon me t he day I was born, and t he day I die, and t he day I shall be raised alive!) This is his affirmat ion t hat ` he is a worshipper of Allah, t he Might y and Sublime, and t hat he is a creat ure creat ed by Allah. He (` Isa) will live, die and be resurrect ed, j ust like t he ot her creat ures t hat Allah has creat ed. However, he will have peace in t hese sit uat ions, which are t he most difficult sit uat ions for Allah's creat ures.' May Allah's peace and blessings be upon him.

ヮ͡ Β͡プ ン͡グャｚや ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ギ∃ ャ∠ヱ∠ リ͡ョ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ リ⊥ミ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ や∠クま͡ - ∀ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∀ ゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ∀モ∇Α∇ヲプ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ ゆ ⊥ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘやブ ∠ ヤ∠わ∠ ∇カゅ∠プ び ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ギ͡ ヰ͡ ∇ゼョｚ リ͡ョ (34. Such is ` Isa, son of Maryam. Qawlal-Haqq ぴit is a st at ement of t rut hび about which t hey doubt (or disput e).) (35. It befit s not (t he maj est y of) Allah t hat He should beget a son. Glorified be He. When He decrees a t hing, He only says t o it : "Be!'' -- and it is.) (36. ぴ` Isa saidび: "And verily, Allah is my Lord and your Lord. So worship Him. That is t he st raight pat h.'') (37. Then t he sect s differed, so woe unt o t he disbelievers from t he meet ing of a great Day.)

` Isa is the Servant of Allah and not His Son Allah, t he Exalt ed, says t o His Messenger Muhammad , ` This is t he st ory which We have relat ed t o you about ` Isa,' upon him be peace.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲわ⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ン͡グャｚや ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ぴ ((It is) a st at ement of t rut h about which t hey doubt .) lThis means t hat t he people of falsehood and t he people of t rut h are in disagreement , of t hose who believe in him and t hose who disbelieve believe in him. For t his reason most of t he recit ers recit ed t his Ayah wit h QawlulHaqq (st at ement of t rut h) as t he subj ect , referring t o ` Isa himself. ` Asim and ` Abdullah bin ` Amir bot h recit ed it Qawlal-Haqq (st at ement of t rut h) referring t o t he st ory in it s ent iret y t hat t he people differed about . It is report ed from Ibn Mas` ud t hat he recit ed it as QalalHaqqa, which means t hat he (` Isa) said t he t rut h. The recit at ion of t he Ayah wit h t he QawlulHaqq being t he subj ect referring t o ` Isa, is t he most apparent meaning grammat ically. It has support for it in t he st at ement of Allah ぴaft er t he st ory of ` Isaび,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲわ∠ ∇ヨヨ⊥ ∇ャや リあョ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ ((This is) t he t rut h from your Lord, so be not of t hose who doubt .) ぴ3:60び When Allah ment ioned t hat He creat ed him as a servant and a Prophet , He ext olled Himself, t he Most Holy, by saying,

び⊥ヮ∠レ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ギ∃ ャ∠ヱ∠ リ͡ョ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ

(It befit s not (t he maj est y of) Allah t hat He should beget a son. Glorified be He.) Means glory be unt o Him, He is far exalt ed above t hat which t hese ignorant , wrongdoing, t ransgressing people say about Him.

び⊥ラヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ リ⊥ミ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ や∠クま͡ぴ (When He decrees a t hing, He only says t o it : "Be!'' -- and it is.) Whenever He want s somet hing, He merely commands it and it happens as He wills. This is as Allah says,

リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ や∠￢ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ モ ∠ ん∠ ョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ Κ ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや - ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ リ⊥ミ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ｚユを⊥ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲゎ⊥ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲわ∠ ∇ヨヨ⊥ ∇ャや リあョ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ (Verily, t he likeness of ` Isa before Allah is t he likeness of Adam. He creat ed him from dust , t hen said t o him: "Be'' -- and he was. (This is) t he t rut h from your Lord, so be not of t hose who doubt .) ぴ3:59-60び

` Isa commanded the Worship of Allah Alone, then the People differed after Him Allah said;

ヅ ∀ ゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ (And verily, Allah is my Lord and your Lord. So worship Him. That is t he st raight pat h.) Among t hose t hings which ` Isa said t o his people while he was in his cradle is t hat Allah was his Lord and t heir Lord, and he commanded t hem t o worship Him alone. He said,

び∀ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∀ ゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プぴ (So worship Him. That is t he st raight pat h.) Meaning, "That which I have come t o you wit h from Allah is t he st raight pat h.'' This means t hat t he pat h is correct ; whoever follows it will be right ly guided and whoever opposes it will deviat e and go ast ray. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ ゆ ⊥ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘやブ ∠ ヤ∠わ∠ ∇カゅ∠プぴ (Then t he sect s differed,) means t hat t he opinions of t he People of t he Book differed concerning ` Isa even aft er t he explanat ion of his affair and t he clarificat ion of his sit uat ion. They disagreed about his being t he servant of Allah, His Messenger, and His Word t hat He cast upon Maryam and a spirit from Himself. So a group of t hem -- who were t he maj orit y of t he

Jews (may Allah's curses be upon t hem) -- det ermined t hat he was a child of fornicat ion and t hat his speaking in his cradle was merely sorcery. Anot her group said t hat it was Allah Who was speaking (not ` Isa). Ot hers said t hat he (` Isa) was t he son of Allah. Some said t hat he was t he t hird part of a divine t rinit y wit h Allah. Yet , ot hers said t hat he was t he servant of Allah and His Messenger. This lat t er view is t he st at ement of t rut h, which Allah guided t he believers t o. A report similar wit h t his meaning has been report ed from ` Amr bin Maymun, Ibn Jurayj , Qat adah and ot hers from t he Salaf (predecessors) and t he Khalaf (lat er generat ions). Allah said,

び∃ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ギ͡ ヰ͡ ∇ゼョｚ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ∀モ∇Α∇ヲプ∠ ぴ (so woe unt o t he disbelievers from t he meet ing of a great Day.) This is a t hreat and severe warning for t hose who lie about Allah, invent falsehood and claim t hat He (Allah) has a son. However, Allah has given t hem respit e unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, and He has delayed t heir t erm out of gent leness and confident reliance upon His divine decree overcoming t hem. Verily, Allah does not hast en t he affair of t hose who disobey Him. This has been relat ed in a Hadit h collect ed in t he Two Sahihs,

«ヮ∇わヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ロ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ユ͡ ャ͡ゅｚヌヤ͡ャ ヶ͡ヤ∇ヨΒ⊥ ャ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» (Verily, Allah gives respit e t o t he wrongdoer unt il He seizes him and he will not be able t o escape Him.) Then, t he Messenger of Allah recit ed t he Ayah,

ラ ｚ ま͡ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ニ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ グ⊥ ∇カぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠セ ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ロ⊥ グ∠ ∇カぺ∠ (Such is t he punishment of your Lord when He punishes t he t owns while t hey are doing wrong. Verily, His punishment is painful, (and) severe.) ぴ11:102び In t he Two Sahihs it is also report ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∩͡ぶや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ン ⇔ ク∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇タぺ∠ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ユ͡ヰΒ͡プゅ∠バΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ギャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イΑ∠ (No one is more pat ient wit h somet hing harmful t hat he hears t han Allah. Verily, t hey at t ribut e t o Him a son, while He is t he One Who provides t hem sust enance and good healt h.) Allah says,

ｚユを⊥ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ニ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βヤ∠∇ョぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ リあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ (And many a t ownship did I give respit e while it was given t o wrongdoing. Then I punished it . And t o me is t he (final) ret urn (of all).) ぴ22:48び Allah, t he Exalt ed, also says,

ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ Κ ⇔ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よΕ ∠ や ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゾ ⊥ ガ ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ あカぽ∠ Α⊥ (Consider not t hat Allah is unaware of t hat which t he wrongdoers do, but He gives t hem respit e up t o a Day when t he eyes will st are in horror.)ぴ14:42び This is t he reason t hat Allah says here,

び∃ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ギ͡ ヰ͡ ∇ゼョｚ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ∀モ∇Α∇ヲプ∠ ぴ (So woe unt o t he disbelievers from t he meet ing of a great Day.) referring t o t he Day of Resurrect ion. It has been relat ed in an aut hent ic Hadit h t hat is agreed upon (in Al-Bukhari and Muslim), on t he aut horit y of ` Ubadah bin As-Samit who said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩⊥ヮャ∠ マ ∠ Α͡ゲセ ∠ ゅ∠ャ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ぶ ͡ や⊥ギ∇らハ ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇らハ ∠ や⇔ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∇レョ͡ ∀ゥヱ⊥ケ∠ヱ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ∩ｘペェ ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ ペ ｘェ ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ «モ∠ヨバ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (Whoever t est ifies t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah alone, Who has no part ners, and t hat Muhammad is His servant and Messenger, and t hat ` Isa was Allah's servant and Messenger, and His Word t hat He cast upon Maryam, and a spirit from Him, and t hat Paradise and Hell are bot h real, t hen Allah will admit him int o Paradise regardless of what ever he did.)

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや リ ͡ ム͡ ⇒∠ャ ゅ∠レル∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ゲダ ͡ ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ノヨ͡ ∇シぺ∠ぴ びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘやヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ∇クま͡ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇ジエ ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘやゐ ⊥ ゲ͡ ル∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅｚル͡ま - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る∃ ヤ∠∇ヘビ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠

(38. How clearly will t hey see and hear, t he Day when t hey will appear before Us! But t he wrongdoers t oday are in plain error.) (39. And warn t hem of t he Day of grief and regret s, when t he case has been decided, while (now) t hey are in a st at e of carelessness, and t hey believe not .) (40. Verily, We will inherit t he eart h and what soever is t hereon. And t o Us t hey all shall be ret urned.)

The Disbeliever's warning of the Day of Distress Allah, t he Exalt ed, says informing about t he disbelievers on t he Day of Resurrect ion t hat t hey will be made t o have t he clearest hearing and sight . This is as Allah says,

ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユヰ͡ シ ͡ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ジミ͡ ゅ∠ル ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ク͡ ま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲダ ∠ ∇よぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ (And if you only could see when t he criminals hang t heir heads before t heir Lord (saying): "Our Lord! We have now seen and heard.'') ぴ32:12び They will say t hat when it will not benefit t hem, nor will it be of any use t o t hem. If t hey had used t hese senses properly before seeing t he t orment , t hen it would have brought t hem some benefit and saved t hem from t he Allah's punishment . This is why Allah says,

び∇ゲダ ͡ ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ノヨ͡ ∇シぺ∠ぴ (How clearly will t hey (disbelievers) see and hear,) This means t hat no one will hear and see bet t er t han t hey will.

びゅ∠レル∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (t he day when t hey will appear before Us.) The Day of Resurrect ion.

び∠ュ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや リ ͡ ム͡ ⇒∠ャぴ (But t he wrongdoers t oday are...) now, in t he life of t his world,

び∃リΒ͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プぴ (...in plain error.) They do not hear, see or t hink. When t hey are request ed t o follow guidance, t hey are not guided and t hey succumb t o t hose t hings t hat do not benefit t hem. Then, Allah says,

び͡りゲ∠ ∇ジエ ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And warn t hem of t he Day of grief and regret s,) warn t he creat ion of t he Day of Dist ress,

び⊥ゲ∇ョΙ ｘやヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ∇クま͡ぴ (when t he case has been decided,) when t he people of Paradise and t he people of Hell will be sort ed out , and everyone will reach his final abode which he was dest ined t o remain in forever.

び∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (while (now) t hey are) t oday, in t he present life of t his world,

び∃るヤ∠∇ヘビ ∠ ヴ͡プぴ (in a st at e of carelessness.) wit h t he warning of t he Day of grief and regret , t hey are heedless.

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey believe not .) meaning t hey do not believe t hat it is t rue. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Sa` id said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩∠ケゅｚレャや ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ や∠クま͡» る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ブ ⊥ ホ∠ ヲ⊥Βプ∠ ウ ⊥ ヤ∠∇ョぺ∠ ∀ズ∇ら∠ミ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ￢⊥ ゅ∠イΑ⊥ ∩や∠グワ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや∠ヱ や∠グワ∠ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁらも͡ ゲ∠ ∇ゼΒ∠ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁらも͡ ゲ∠ ∇ゼΒ∠ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨や∠グワ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩⊥ウよ∠ ∇グΒ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゲ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ぽΒ⊥ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや や∠グワ∠ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠Α∠ヱ ∩∠れ∇ヲョ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∀キヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ «れ∇ヲ∠ョ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∀キヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ (When t he people of Paradise ent er Paradise and t he people of t he Hellfire ent er t he Hellfire, deat h will be brought in t he form of a handsome ram and it will be placed bet ween Paradise and t he Hellfire. Then, it will be said, "O people of Paradise, do you know what t his is'' Then,

t hey will t urn t heir gazes and look, and t hey will say, "Yes, t his is deat h.'' Then, it will be said, "O people of t he Hellfire, do you know what t his is'' Then, t hey will t urn t heir gazes and look, and t hey will say, "Yes, t his is deat h.'' Then, t he order will be given for it t o be slaught ered and it will be said, "O people of Paradise, et ernit y and no more deat h, O people of Hellfire, et ernit y and no more deat h.'') Then t he Messenger of Allah recit ed t he Ayah,

ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘやヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ∇クま͡ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇ジエ ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る∃ ヤ∠∇ヘビ ∠ (And warn t hem of t he Day of grief and regret , when t he case has been decided, while (now) t hey are in a st at e of carelessness, and t hey believe not .) Then, t he Messenger of Allah made a gest ure wit h his hand and said,

«ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや る͡ ヤ∠∇ヘビ ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠» (The people of t his life are in t he st at e of heedlessness of t his life.) Thus recorded Imam Ahmad and it was also recorded by Al-Bukhari and Muslim in t heir Sahihs wit h wording similar t o t his. It is report ed from ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud t hat he ment ioned a st ory in which he said, "There is not a soul except t hat it will see a residence in Paradise and a residence in t he Hellfire, and t his will be t he Day of dist ress. So t he people of t he Hellfire will see t he residence t hat Allah prepared for t hem if t hey had believed. Then, it will be said t o t hem, ` If you had believed and worked right eous deeds, you would have had t his, which you see in Paradise.' Then, t hey will be overcome wit h dist ress and grief. Likewise, t he people of Paradise will see t he residence t hat is in t he Hellfire and it will be said t o t hem, ` If Allah had not best owed His favor upon you (t his would have been your place).' '' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや ゐ ⊥ ゲ͡ ル∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ (Verily, We will inherit t he eart h and what soever is t hereon. And t o Us t hey all shall be ret urned.) Allah is informing t hat He is t he Creat or, t he Owner and t he Cont roller of all mat t ers. All of t he creat ion will be dest royed and only He, t he Most High and Most Holy, will remain. There is no one who can claim absolut e ownership and cont rol of affairs besides Him. He is t he Inherit or of all His creat ion. He is t he Et ernal, Who will remain aft er t hey are gone and He is t he Judge of t heir affairs. Therefore, no soul will be done any inj ust ice, nor wronged even t he weight of a mosquit o or an at om. Ibn Abi Hat im recor- ded t hat Hazm bin Abi Hazm Al-Qut a` i said, "` Umar bin ` Abdul-Aziz wrot e t o ` Abdul-Hamid bin ` Abdur-Rahman, who was t he governor of Kufah: ` Thus, t o proceed: Verily, Allah prescribed deat h for His creat ures when He creat ed t hem and He det ermined t heir final dest inat ion. He said in t hat which He revealed in His t rut hful Book, which He guarded wit h His knowledge and made His angels t est ify t o it s preservat ion, t hat He will inherit t he eart h and all who are on it , and t hey will all be ret urned t o Him.'''

- ゅ⇔Β∂ ら͡ ルｚ ゅ⇔ボΑあギタ ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ ゲ⊥ ダ ͡ ∇らΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Α ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡ル￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ヴあルま͡ ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Α - ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ハ ヴ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔Α∂ ヲ͡ シ ∠ ゅ⇔デや∠ゲタ ͡ ポ ∠ ギ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ͡レ∇バら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ マ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ ∠ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ギ͡ ら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Α リ ∠ ョあ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ マ ∠ ジ ｚ ヨ∠ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Α - ゅ⇔Β∂ ダ ͡ ハ ∠ び ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや (41. And ment ion in t he Book, Ibrahim. Verily, he was a man of t rut h, a Prophet .) (42. When he said t o his fat her: "O my fat her! Why do you worship t hat which hears not , sees not and cannot avail you in anyt hing'') (43. "O my fat her! Verily, t here has come t o me t he knowledge of t hat which came not unt o you. So follow me, I will guide you t o t he st raight pat h.'') (44. "O my fat her! Worship not Shayt an. Verily, Shayt an has been a rebel against t he Most Gracious.'') (45. "O my fat her! Verily, I fear lest a t orment from t he Most Gracious should overt ake you, so t hat you become a companion of Shayt an.'')

Ibrahim's Admonition of His Father Allah, t he Exalt ed, t ells His Prophet , Muhammad ,

び∠ユΒ͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ (And ment ion in t he Book, Ibrahim.) "Recit e t his t o your people who are worshipping idols and ment ion t o t hem what happened wit h Ibrahim, t he int imat e Friend (Khalil) of t he Most Beneficent . These idol worshippers (Arabs) are his descendant s and t hey claim t o follow his religion. Inform t hem t hat he was a t rut hful Prophet . Tell t hem about what t ook place wit h his fat her and how he forbade him from worshipping idols.'' Ibrahim said,

ヴ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ダ ͡ ∇らΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Αぴ び⇔ゅゃ∇Βセ ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ハ (O my fat her! Why do you worship t hat which hears not , sees not and cannot avail you in anyt hing) Meaning t hat t hese idols will not benefit you, nor can t hey prot ect you from any harm.

び∠マゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡ル￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ヴあルま͡ ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Αぴ (O my fat her! Verily, t here has come t o me t he knowledge of t hat which came not unt o you.) This means, "Even t hough I am from your loins and you see me as inferior t o you because I am your son, know t hat I have received knowledge from Allah t hat you do not know and it has not reached you.''

び⇔ゅΑ∂ ヲ͡ シ ∠ ゅ⇔デや∠ゲタ ͡ ポ ∠ ギ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ͡レ∇バら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プぴ (So follow me, I will guide you t o t he st raight pat h.) meaning, "a st raight pat h t hat will carry you t o t he desired obj ect ive and save you from t hat which is dreaded (Hell).''

び∠リ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ギ͡ ら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Αぴ (O my fat her! Worship not Shayt an.) This is means, "Do not obey him by worshipping t hese idols. He invit es t o t his (idolat ry) and he is pleased wit h it .'' This is as Allah says,

リ ∠ ⇒∠トΒｚゼャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺ ュ∠ キ∠ や∠￢ ヴ͡レら∠ Α ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ (Did I not command you, O Children of Adam, t hat you should not worship Shayt an. Verily, he is a plain enemy t o you.) ぴ36:60び Allah also says,

Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ⇔ん⇒∠ルま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ラ͡まぴ び や⇔ギΑ͡ゲョｚ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇Βセ ∠ (They invoke not hing but females ぴidolsび besides Him (Allah), and t hey invoke not hing but Shayt an, a persist ent rebel!) ぴ4:117び Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ダ ͡ ハ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ ∠ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Shayt an has been a rebel against t he Most Gracious.) This means obst inat e and t oo arrogant t o obey his Lord. Therefore, Allah expelled him and made him an out cast . Therefore, "do not follow him or you will become like him. ''

び͡リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ マ ∠ジ ｚ ヨ∠ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Αぴ

(O my fat her! Verily, I fear lest a t orment from t he Most Gracious should overt ake you,) "because of your associat ing part ners wit h Allah and your disobedience in what I am commanding you wit h.''

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ͡ャ∠ヱ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so t hat you become a companion of Shayt an.) This means, "t here will be no one who will prot ect you, or help you, or assist you, except Iblis. However, neit her he, nor anyone else, has any power over t he out come of mat t ers. Following him will only cause you t o be surrounded by t he t orment (of Allah).'' This is as Allah says,

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Αｚ ゴ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ユ∃ ョ∠ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ∠ゎぴ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ぁΒャ͡ヱ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∠ャゅ∠ヨ∇ハ∠ぺ リ ⊥ ⇒あ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ (By Allah, We indeed sent (Messengers) t o t he nat ions before you, but Shayt an made t heir deeds fair seeming t o t hem. So he is t heir helper t oday (in t his world), and t heirs will be a painful t orment .) ぴ16:63び

ヮ͡ わ∠ レ∠ゎ ∇ユャｚ リ͡ゃャ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よみ͡Α ヴ͡わヰ∠ ャ͡へ ∇リハ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ∀ょ͡ビや∠ケ∠ぺ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ゅ⇔Β∂ ヤ͡ョ∠ ヴ͡ル∇ゲイ ⊥ ∇ワや∠ヱ マ ∠ レｚ ヨ∠ ィ ⊥ ∇ケΕ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ゴ͡ わ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔Β∂ ヘ͡ ェ ∠ ヴ͡よ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヶあよケ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シほ∠シ ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲハ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ び ゅ６Βボ͡ セ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ハギ⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ (46. He (t he fat her) said: "Do you revile my gods, O Ibrahim If you st op not (t his), I will La'arj umannak. So get away from me Maliyan.'') (47. Ibrahim said: "Peace be on you! I will ask forgiveness of my Lord for you. Verily, He is unt o me Hafiyyan.) (48. And I shall t urn away from you and from t hose whom you invoke besides Allah. And I shall call upon my Lord, and I cert ainly hope t hat I shall not be unblessed in my invocat ion t o my Lord.'')

The Reply of Ibrahim's Father Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs of t he reply of Ibrahim's fat her t o his son, Ibrahim, in reference t o what he was calling him t o. He said,

び⊥ユΒ͡ワゲ∠ ∇よみ͡Α ヴ͡わヰ∠ ャ͡へ ∇リハ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ∀ょビ ͡ や∠ケぺ∠ぴ (Do you revile my gods, O Ibrahim) This means, "If you do not want t o worship t hem (t he idols) and you are not pleased wit h t hem, t hen at least st op cursing, abusing, and reviling t hem. For verily, if you do not cease, I will punish you, curse you and revile you.'' This is t he meaning of his st at ement ;

び∠マレｚ ∠ヨィ ⊥ ∇ケ∠Εぴ (La'arj umannaka.) Ibn ` Abbas, As-Suddi, Ibn Jurayj , Ad-Dahhak and ot hers said t his. Concerning His st at ement ,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ͡ヤ∠ョ ヴ͡ル∇ゲイ ⊥ ∇ワや∠ヱぴ (So get away from me Maliyan.) Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr and Muj ahid bin Ishaq all said, "Maliyan means forever.'' Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "For a long t ime.'' As-Suddi said,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ͡ヤ∠ョ ヴ͡ル∇ゲイ ⊥ ∇ワや∠ヱぴ (So get away from me safely Maliyan. ) "This means forever.'' Ali bin Abi Talhah and Al-` Awfi bot h report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ͡ヤ∠ョ ヴ͡ル∇ゲイ ⊥ ∇ワや∠ヱぴ (So get away from me safely Maliyan.) "This means t o go away in peace and safet y before you are afflict ed wit h a punishment from me.'' Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah, ` At iyah Al-Jadali, Malik and ot hers said t he same. This is also t he view preferred by Ibn Jarir.

The Reply of Allah's Friend (Khalil) Wit h t his, Ibrahim said t o his fat her,

び∠マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ぴ (Peace be on you!) This is as Allah said concerning t he descript ion of t he believers,

び⇔ゅョ∠Κシ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠イャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ら∠ デ ∠ ゅ∠カ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and when t he foolish address t hem (wit h bad words) t hey say, "Salaman ぴpeaceび.'') ぴ25:63び Allah also says,

べ∠レ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ピヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ シ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ͡ピわ∠ ∇らル∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや (And when t hey hear Al-Laghw (false speech), t hey wit hdraw from it and say: "To us our deeds, and t o you your deeds. Peace be t o you. We seek not (t he way of) t he ignorant .'') ぴ28:55び The meaning of Ibrahim's st at ement t o his fat her,

び∠マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ぴ (Peace be on you!) "You will not receive any insult or harm from me.'' This is due t o t he respect and honor of fat herhood.

びヶあよケ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シほ∠シ ∠ぴ (I will ask forgiveness of my Lord for you.) meaning "But , I will ask Allah t o guide you and forgive you for your sin.''

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ヘ͡ ェ ∠ ヴ͡よ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, He is unt o me Hafiyya.) Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers said t hat Hafiyyan means, "Kind.'' Meaning, "since He guided me t o worship Him and direct my religious devot ion t o Him alone.'' As-Suddi said, "Al-Hafi is One Who is concerned wit h his (Ibrahim's) affair.'' Thus, Ibrahim sought forgiveness for his fat her for a very long t ime, even aft er he migrat ed t o Ash-Sham. He cont inued t o seek forgiveness for him even aft er building t he Sacred Masj id (in Makkah) and aft er t he birt h of his t wo sons, Isma` il and Ishaq. This can be seen in his st at ement ,

ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ヱ∠ ン ｚ ギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲャ͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ びゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや (Our Lord! Forgive me and my parent s, and (all) t he believers on t he Day when t he reckoning will be est ablished.) ぴ14:41び From t his t radit ion, during t he beginning st ages of Islam, t he Muslims used t o seek forgiveness for t heir relat ives and t heir family members who were polyt heist s. They did t his following t he way of Ibrahim, t he Khalil (Friend) of Allah, unt il Allah revealed,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ͡プ る∀ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∀り∠ヲ∇シぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ∇やぼへ￢∠ゲよ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま ∇ユヰ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ び͡ヮヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ (Indeed t here has been an excellent example for you in Ibrahim and t hose wit h him, when t hey said t o t heir people: "Verily, we are free from you and what ever you worship besides Allah.'') ぴ60:4び Unt il Allah's st at ement ,

マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シΙ ∂ ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ (Except t he saying of Ibrahim t o his fat her: "Verily, I will ask forgiveness (from Allah) for you, but I have no power t o do anyt hing for you before Allah.'') ぴ60:4び meaning, except for t his st at ement , so do not follow it . Then Allah explains t hat Ibrahim abandoned t his st at ement and ret ract ed it . Allah, t he Exalt ed, says,

∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヴ あ ら͡ レｚヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ び∠リΒ͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ (It is not (proper) for t he Prophet and t hose who believe t o ask Allah's forgiveness for t he idolat ors.) ぴ9:113び Unt il Allah's st at ement ,

り∃ ギ∠ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョｚ リ∠ハ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヘ∇ピわ͡ ∇シや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ぺ∠ゲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ロ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ べ∠ワギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ェ ∀ロやｚヱ∠Ε ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ (And Ibrahim's invoking for his fat her's forgiveness was only because of a promise he had made t o him. But when it became clear t o him t hat he is an enemy of Allah, he dissociat ed himself from him. Verily, Ibrahim was Awwah, forbearing.) ぴ9:114び Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

ヲ⊥ハ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ゴ͡ わ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びヴよあ ケ∠

(And I shall t urn away from you and from t hose whom you invoke besides Allah. And I shall call upon my Lord,) This means, "And I worship my Lord alone, associat ing no part ners wit h Him.''

びゅ６Βボ͡ セ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ハギ⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ぴ (I cert ainly hope t hat I shall not be unblessed in my invocat ion t o my Lord. ) The word ` Asa (I hope) here means t hat which will necessarily occur and not t hat which is hoped for from t he impossible. For verily, he (Ibrahim) is t he leader of t he Prophet s ot her t han Muhammad .

ゅ∠レ∇らワ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ゴ∠ わ∠ ∇ハや ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ゅ∠レ∇らワ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔Β∂ら͡ ル∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ６Κミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ び ゅ⇔Β∂ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ベ ∃ ∇ギタ ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ジャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リあョ ∇ユ∇ヰャ∠ (49. So when he had t urned away from t hem and from t hose whom t hey worshipped besides Allah, We gave him Ishaq and Ya` qub, and each one of t hem We made a Prophet .) (50. And We gave t hem of Our mercy, and We grant ed t hem Sidqin ` Aliyyan on t he t ongues.)

Allah gave Ibrahim Ishaq and Ya` qub Allah, t he Exalt ed, says t hat when t he Friend of Allah (Ibrahim) wit hdrew from his fat her and his people for t he sake of Allah, Allah gave him in exchange t hose who were bet t er t han t hem. He gave him Ishaq (Isaac) and Ya` qub (Jacob), meaning his son, Ishaq, and Ishaq's son, Ya` qub. This is as Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び⇔るヤ∠プ͡ ゅ∠ル ∠ゆヲ⊥ボ∇バ∠Α∠ヱぴ (and Ya` qub, a grandson.) ぴ21:72び Also, Allah says,

び∠ゆヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ ￢͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (and aft er Ishaq, of Ya` qub.) ぴ11:71び There is no difference of opinion about Ishaq being t he fat her of Ya` qub. This is what is recorded in t he Qur'an in Surah Al-Baqarah.

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ゲ∠ ツ ∠ ェ ∠ ∇クま͡ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ ヰ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ン͡ギ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ Β͡レら∠ ャ͡ び∠ペ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ マ ∠ も͡ べ∠よへ

(Or were you wit nesses when deat h approached Ya` qub When he said unt o his sons, "What will you worship aft er me" They said, "We shall worship your God t he God of your fat hers, Ibrahim, Isma` il and Ishaq.'')ぴ2:133び Allah only ment ioned Ishaq and Ya` qub here t o show t hat He made Prophet s from among his descendant s and successors in order t o give him relief and happiness in his life. This is why Allah says,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ら͡ ル∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ６Κミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and each one of t hem We made a Prophet .) ぴ19:49び If Ya` qub had not become a Prophet in t he lifet ime of Ibrahim, t hen Allah would not have limit ed t he promise of prophet hood t o him, but He would have ment ioned his son Yusuf as well. For verily, Yusuf was also a Prophet , j ust as t he Messenger of Allah said in a Hadit h whose aut hent icit y is agreed upon, when he was asked who was t he best of people. He said,

ベ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇シま͡ リ ͡ ∇よや ぶ ͡ やヶ あ ら͡ ル∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ぶ ͡ やヶ ぁ ら͡ ル∠ ブ ⊥ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α» «ぶや モ ͡ Β͡ヤカ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ リ ͡ ∇よや ぶ ͡ やヶ あ ら͡ ル∠ (The Prophet of Allah, Yusuf, t he son of t he Prophet of Allah Ya` qub, t he son of t he Prophet of Allah Ishaq, t he son of t he Friend of Allah Ibrahim.) In anot her wording of t his Hadit h, he said,

ユ͡ Α͡ゲム∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ ∇よや ユ͡ Α͡ゲム∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ ∇よや ユ͡ Α͡ゲム∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇よや ユ∠ Α͡ゲム∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» «ユΒ͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ リ ͡ ∇よ ベ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇シま͡ リ ͡ ∇よ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ リ ∠ ∇よ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α (Verily, t he noble one is t he son of t he noble one, who is t he son of t he noble one, who is t he son of t he noble one. That is Yusuf, t he son of Ya` qub, t he son of Ishaq, t he son of Ibrahim.) Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

ベ ∃ ∇ギタ ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ジャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リあョ ∇ユ∇ヰャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らワ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔Β∂ ヤ͡ハ ∠ (And We gave t hem of Our mercy, and We grant ed Sidqin ` Aliyyan on t he t ongues. ) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Sidqin ` Aliyyan means t he good praise.'' As-Suddi and Malik bin Anas said t he same t hing. Ibn Jarir said, "Allah only said ` Aliyyan (loft iness, exalt ed) because all of t he religions commend t hem and ment ion t hem wit h praises, may Allah's peace and blessing be upon t hem all.''

ゅ⇔ダ͡ヤ∇ガョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ ケ͡ ヲぁトャや ょ ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠ィ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ⇒∠ルヱ∠ - ゅ⇔Β∂ ら͡ ルｚ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠

べ∠レわ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らワ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔Β∂ イ ͡ ル∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇よゲｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ リ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ΑΙ ｘや び ゅ⇔Β∂ ら͡ ル∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ ロ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ (51. And ment ion in t he Book, Musa. Verily, he was Mukhlasan and he was a Messenger, (and) a Prophet .) (52. And We called him from t he right side of t he Mount (Tur), and made him draw near t o Us for a t alk wit h him.) (53. And We grant ed him his brot her Harun, (also) a Prophet , out of Our mercy.)

Mentioning Musa and Harun Aft er Allah had ment ioned Ibrahim, t he Friend of Allah, and commended him, he next ment ioned Al-Kalim (t he one spoken t o by Allah direct ly). Allah said,

び⇔ゅダ͡ヤ∇ガョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ (And ment ion in t he Book, Musa. Verily, he was Mukhlasan) At h-Thawri report ed from ` AbdulAziz bin Rafi` , from Abu Lubabah t hat he said, "The Disciples (of ` Isa) said, ` O Spirit of Allah, inform us about t he one who is Mukhlis (purely devot ed) t o Allah.' He said, ` That is one who does a deed solely for Allah and he does not like for t he people t o praise him.''' Ot hers recit ed t he word as Mukhlas, which means t hat he was chosen. This is as Allah says,

び͡サゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇Βヘ∠ ト ∠ ∇タや ヴ∇ル͡まぴ (Verily, I have chosen you above men.) ぴ7:144び Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ら͡ ルｚ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and he was a Messenger, (and) a Prophet .) Allah combined t hese t wo descript ions for him. For verily, he was one of t he great est Messengers and one of t he five Messengers of St rong Will. They are Nuh, Ibrahim, Musa, ` Isa and Muhammad. May t he blessings of Allah be upon t hem and all of t he Prophet s. Allah said,

び͡ケヲぁトャや ょ ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠ィ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ⇒∠ルヱ∠ ぴ (And We called him from t he side of t he Tur.) means Mount

び∠リ⇒∠ヨ∇ΑΙ ｘ やぴ (right ) It was on t he right side of Musa when he went seeking a burning wood from t hat fire. He saw it s glow in t he dist ance, so he set out t owards it and found it on t he right side of t he mount ain from his direct ion, at t he edge of t he valley t hat he was in. This is when Allah, t he

Exalt ed, spoke t o him and called out t o him. Allah summoned him t o come near and He conversed Ayah wit h him. Concerning His st at ement ,

び ゅ⇔Β∂ ら͡ ル∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ ロ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ べ∠レわ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らワ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We grant ed him his brot her Harun, (also) a Prophet , out of Our mercy.) This means, "We responded t o his request and his plea on behalf of his brot her and We made him a Prophet as well.'' This is as Allah says in anot her Ayah,

ヮ͡ ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ジャ͡ ヴあレョ͡ ウ ⊥ダ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ラ ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡カ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ びラ ͡ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ヴ͡レホ⊥ ギあ ダ ∠ Α⊥ や⇔￢∇キケ͡ ヴ ∠ バ͡ ョ∠ (And my brot her Harun he is more eloquent in speech t han me: so send him wit h me as a helper t o confirm me.Verily, I fear t hat t hey will belie me.) ぴ28:34び Also, Allah said,

びヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ マ ∠ ャ∠∇ぽシ ⊥ ろ ∠ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ ((Allah said: ) "You are grant ed your request , O Musa.'') ぴ20:36び He also said,

ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇モシ ͡ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ヴ͡ルゅ∠ジャ͡ ペ ⊥ ヤ͡ト ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ン͡ケ∇ギタ ∠ ペ ⊥ Β͡ツΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カほ∠プ∠ ∀ょル∠ク ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ (So send for Harun. And t hey have a charge of crime against me, and I fear t hey will kill me.) ぴ26:13-14び Because of t his, some of t he Salaf (predecessors) said, "No one in t his life pleaded on behalf of someone else more t han Musa pleaded for his brot her t o be a Prophet .'' Allah, t he Exalt ed said,

び ゅ⇔Β∂ ら͡ ル∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ ロ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ べ∠レわ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らワ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We grant ed him his brot her Harun, (also) a Prophet , out of Our mercy.)

ベ ∠ ギ͡ ⇒∠タ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ モ ∠ Βバ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ - ゅ⇔Β∂ ら͡ ルｚ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇ハヲ∠ ∇ャや び ゅ⇔Β∂ ッ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ り͡ ヲ⇒∠ミゴｚ ャや∠ヱ り͡ ヲ∠ヤ⇒ｚダャゅ͡よ

(54. And ment ion in t he Book, Isma` il. Verily, he was t rue t o what he promised, and he was a Messenger, (and) a Prophet .) (55. And he would enj oin on his family and his people t he Salah and t he Zakah, and his Lord was pleased wit h him.)

Mentioning Isma` il Here Allah has commended Isma` il, t he son of Ibrahim, t he Friend of Allah. He (Isma` il) is t he fat her of all of t he Arabs of t he Hij az because he was t rue t o what he promised. Ibn Jurayj said, "He did not make any promise t o his Lord, except t hat he fulfilled it .'' He never obligat ed himself t o do any act of worship wit h a vow, except t hat he fulfilled it and carried it out , giving it it s full due. Some said,

び͡ギ∇ハヲ∠ ∇ャや ベ ∠ ギ͡ ⇒∠タぴ ((he was) t rue t o what he promised.) "This was said about him because he said t o his fat her,

び∠リΑ͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ラ͡ま ヴ͡ルギ⊥ イ ͡ わ∠ シ ∠ぴ (If Allah wills you will find me of t he pat ient .) ぴ37:102び So he was t rut hful in t hat .'' Being t rue t o one's promise is one of t he praisewort hy charact erist ics, j ust as breaking one's promise is of t he det est ed charact erist ics. Allah, t he Exalt ed, says,

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ⇔わ∇ボョ∠ ゲ∠ ら⊥ ミ∠ (O you who believe! Why do you say t hat which you do not do Most hat eful it is wit h Allah t hat you say t hat which you do not do.) ぴ61:2-3び The Messenger of Allah said,

ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩∠ゆグ∠ ミ∠ ゐ ∠ ギｚ ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ :∀ゐゅ∠ヤ∠を ペ ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ Α∠ へ» «ラゅ∠カ リ ∠ ヨ͡ わ⊥ ∇もや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠ブヤ∠∇カぺ∠ (The sign of t he hypocrit e is t hree t hings. When he speaks, he lies; when he promises, he breaks his promise; and when he is ent rust ed wit h somet hing, he is disloyal t o his t rust .) Thus, if t hese are t he charact erist ics of t he hypocrit es, t hen behaving cont rary t o t hese is a charact erist ic of t he t rue believer. For t his reason, Allah commended His servant and Messenger Isma` il, for he was t rue t o his promise. Likewise, t he Messenger of Allah was t rue t o his promise. He did not promise anyone anyt hing, except t hat he fulfilled his promise t o t hat person. He also commended Abu Al-` As bin Ar-Rabi` , t he husband of his daught er Zaynab, by saying,

«ヶ͡ャ ヴ∠プヲ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡ルギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡レホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡レを∠ ギｚ ェ ∠»

(He spoke t o me and he t old me t he t rut h, and he promised me and he fulfilled his promise t o me.) When t he Prophet died, t he Khalifah (his successor), Abu Bakr As-Siddiq said, "Whoever received any promise from t he Messenger of Allah or was owed any debt by him, t hen let him come t o me and I will fulfill it on his behalf.'' So Jabir bin ` Abdullah came and relat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

や∠グム∠ ワ∠ ヱ∠ や∠グム∠ ワ∠ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇Βト ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ リ ͡ Α∠ゲ∇エら∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ∇ヲャ∠» «や∠グム∠ ワ∠ ヱ∠ (If t he wealt h of Bahrain comes (t o me), t hen I would give you such and such and such.) This meant t hat he would fill his hands wit h wealt h. Therefore, when t he wealt h of Bahrain came (t o t hem), Abu Bakr commanded Jabir t o come and fill his hands from t hat wealt h. Then, he commanded him t o do so again, unt il he collect ed five hundred Dirhams. Then, Abu Bakr gave him it s double along wit h it .(i.e. one t housand ext ra Dirhams). Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ら͡ ルｚ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and he was a Messenger, (and) a Prophet .) In t his is a proof of Isma` il's favored st at us over his brot her, Ishaq. Ishaq was only described as being a Prophet , but Isma` il was described wit h bot h prophet hood and messengership. It is confirmed in Sahih Muslim t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«モΒ͡ハゅ∠ヨ∇シま͡ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ギ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヴ∠ヘト ∠ ∇タや ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» (Verily, Allah chose Isma` il from t he sons of Ibrahim...) Then, Imam Muslim ment ions t he rest of t he Hadit h in it s ent iret y. However, t his st at ement proves t he correct ness of what we have said. Allah said,

ギ∠ レ͡ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ り͡ ヲ⇒∠ミゴｚ ャや∠ヱ り͡ ヲ∠ヤ⇒ｚダャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔Β∂ ッ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ (And he would enj oin on his family and his people t he Salah and t he Zakah, and his Lord was pleased wit h him.) This is also a beaut iful form of praise, a commendable qualit y, and and upright charact erist ic. He was commanded in t his way because of his persist ence in obedience of his Lord, and enj oining his family t o do so. This is as Allah said t o His Messenger ,

びゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ト ∠ ∇タや∠ヱ り͡ ヲヤｚダャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ゲョ⊥ ∇ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And enj oin t he Salah on your family, and be pat ient wit h t hem.) ぴ20:132び Also, Allah, t he Exalt ed, said,

や⇔ケゅ∠ル ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ホ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ド ∀Κ ∠ビ ͡ る∀ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ り⊥ ∠ケゅ∠イ͡エ∇ャや∠ヱ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ワキ⊥ ヲ⊥ホ∠ヱ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ダ∇バΑ∠ Ι ｚ ∀キや∠ギセ ͡ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ (O you who believe! Prot ect yourselves and your families against a Fire (Hell) whose fuel is men and st ones, over which are (appoint ed) angels st ern (and) severe, who disobey not , (from execut ing) t he commands t hey receive from Allah, but do t hat which t hey are commanded.) ぴ66:6び This means t o command t hem t o do good, forbid t hem from evil and do not neglect t hem. If you do so, and t hey obey your command, t he Fire (of Hell) will not devour t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion. It has been report ed in a Hadit h from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ナ ∠ ボ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴｚヤダ ∠ プ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ュ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ユ∠ ェ ͡ ケ∠ » ユ∠ ェ ͡ ケ∠ .￢∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ͡ヰ∇ィ∠ヱ ヶ͡プ ウ ∠ツ ∠ ル∠ ∇ろよ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ヮゎ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ∇ろヌ ∠ ボ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ろヤｚダ ∠ プ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ろョ∠ ゅ∠ホ り⇔ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ぶ ⊥ や «￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ろエ ∠ツ ∠ ル∠ ヴ∠よぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰィ ∠ ∇ヱコ∠ (May Allah have mercy upon a man who get s up at night t o pray and he wakes his wife. If she refuses t o get up, he sprinkles wat er in her face. May Allah have mercy upon a woman who get s up at night t o pray and she wakes her husband. If he refuses t o get up, she sprinkles wat er in his face.) This Hadit h was recorded by Abu Dawud and Ibn Maj ah.

- ゅ⇔Βｚ ら͡ ルｚ ゅ⇔ボΑあギタ ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ザ ∠ Α͡ケ∇キま͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ び ゅ⇔Β∂ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇バプ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ (56. And ment ion in t he Book, Idris. Verily, he was a man of t rut h, (and) a Prophet .) (57. And We raised him t o a high st at ion.)

Mentioning Idris compliment ed Idris for being a t rut hful Prophet and He ment ioned t hat he raised him t o a high st at ion. It has previously been ment ioned t hat in t he Sahih it is recorded t hat t he Messenger of

Allah passed by Idris on t he night of t he Isra (Night Journey) and he (Idris) was in t he fourt h heaven. Sufyan report ed from Mansur t hat Muj ahid said,

び ゅ⇔Β∂ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇バプ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We raised him t o a high st at ion.) "This means t he fourt h heaven.'' Al-Hasan and ot hers said concer- ning Allah's st at ement ,

び ゅ⇔Β∂ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇バプ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We raised him t o a high st at ion.) "This means Paradise.''

リ͡ョ リ ∠ ∇ΒΒあ ら͡ レｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺぴ ͡るΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ や￢ ͡るΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ べ∠レ∇Βら∠ わ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∇Α∠ギ∠ワ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ ヱ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ び ゅ⇔Β∂ ム͡ よ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ギｚイシ ⊥ ∇やヱぁゲカ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠Αや￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (58. Those were t hey unt o whom Allah best owed His grace from among t he Prophet s, of t he offspring of Adam, and of t hose whom We carried (in t he ship) wit h Nuh, and of t he offspring of Ibrahim and Israel, and from among t hose whom We guided and chose. When t he Ayat of t he Most Gracious were recit ed unt o t hem, t hey fell down prost rat e and weeping.)

These Prophets are the Chosen Ones Allah, t he Exalt ed, says t hat t hese Prophet s (were favored), but t his does not mean only t hese Prophet s who were ment ioned in t his Surah. Rat her, it is referring t o all of t hose who were Prophet s. Allah merely changes t he implicat ion of t he discussion from specific individuals t o t he ent ire group of Prophet s.

͡るΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ リ͡ョ リ ∠ ∇ΒΒあ ら͡ レｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ び∠ュキ∠ や￢ (t hey unt o whom Allah best owed His grace from among t he Prophet s, of t he offspring of Adam.) As-Suddi and Ibn Jarir bot h said, "That which is meant by t he offspring of Adam is Idris, and what is meant by t he offspring of t hose ` whom We carried wit h Nuh' is Ibrahim, and what is meant by t he offspring of Ibrahim is Ishaq, Ya` qub and Isma` il, and what is meant by t he offspring of Isra` il is Musa, Harun, Zakariyya, Yayha and ` Isa bin Maryam.'' Ibn Jarir said, "And t hat is t he dist inct ion of t heir genealogies, even t hough Adam gat hers all of t hem (as t heir original fat her). This is because among t hem is he who was not a descendant of t hose who were

on t he ship wit h Nuh, and he t hat is Idris. For verily, he was t he grandfat her of Nuh.'' I say t hat t his is t he most apparent meaning, which concludes t hat Idris is amongst t he pillars of Nuh's ancest ral lineage. The view t hat t his Ayah refers t o t he ancest ral lineage of t he Prophet s, is t he fact t hat it is similar t o Allah's st at ement in Surah Al-An` am,

ノ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲル∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ べ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠レわ⊥ イ ｚェ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠レ∇らワ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼルｚ リｚョ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇Αギ∠ ワ∠ ゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ルヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Α∠ギ∠ワ ６Κミ⊥ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Αヱ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲぁΑぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ヱ∠ キ∠ ヱ⊥ヱや∠キ ヮ͡ わ͡ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョヱ∠ リ ∠ ョあ モ ｘ ミ⊥ サ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ャま͡ヱ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハヱ∠ ヴ∠Β∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚΑ͡ゲ∠ミ∠コ∠ヱ ゅ⇔デヲ⊥ャヱ∠ ザ ∠ ル⊥ ヲ⊥Αヱ∠ ノ∠ ジ ∠ Β∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ ゅ∠よや￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤツ ｚ プ∠ ６Κミ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Α∠ギ∠ワ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠ら∠わ∇ィや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒ｚΑケあ ク⊥ ヱ∠ び ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ (And t hat was our proof which We gave Ibrahim against his people. We raise whom We will in degrees. Cert ainly your Lord is All-Wise, All-Knowing. And We best owed upon him Ishaq and Ya` qub, each of t hem We guided; and before him We guided Nuh, and among his progeny Dawud, Sulayman, Ayyub, Yusuf, Musa and Harun. Thus do We reward t he doers of good. And Zakariyya, and Yahya, and ` Isa and Ilyas, each one of t hem was of t he right eous. And Isma` il and Al-Yasa` and Yunus and Lut and each one of t hem We preferred above t he ` Alamin. And also some of t heir fat hers and t heir progeny and t heir bret hern, We chose t hem, and We guided t hem t o t he st raight pat h.)ぴ6:83-87び Unt il Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ロギ͡ わ∠ ∇ホや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ や∠ギヰ⊥ ら͡ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ン∠ギ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (They are t hose whom Allah had guided. So follow t heir guidance.) ぴ6: 90び Allah, t he Exalt ed, says,

∇ゾダ ⊥ ∇ボル∠ ∇ユャｚ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ダダ ∠ ホ∠ リｚョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ぴ び∠マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (Of some of t hem We have relat ed t o you t heir st ory. And of some We have not relat ed t o you t heir st ory.) ぴ40:78び In Sahih Al-Bukhari it is report ed from Muj ahid t hat he asked Ibn ` Abbas, "Is t here a prost rat ion in Surah Sad'' Ibn ` Abbas replied, "Yes.'' Then he recit ed,

び∇ロギ͡ わ∠ ∇ホや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ や∠ギヰ⊥ ら͡ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ン∠ギ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (They are t hose whom Allah had guided. So follow t heir guidance.) ぴ6:90び Ibn ` Abbas t hen said, "So your Prophet is one of t hose who have been commanded t o follow t hem. And he is of t hose who should be followed.'' -- referring t o Dawud. Allah, t he Exalt ed, said in t his noble Ayah,

や⇔ギｚイシ ⊥ ∇やヱぁゲカ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠Αや￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ぴ び⇔ゅΒ∂ ム͡ よ⊥ ヱ∠ (When t he Ayah of t he Most Gracious were recit ed unt o t hem, t hey fell down prost rat e and weeping.) This means t hat when t hey heard t he Words of Allah, ment ioning His proofs and evidences, t hey prost rat ed t o t heir Lord in humilit y, humbleness, praise and t hanks for t he great favors t hey were blessed wit h. The word Bukiyan at t he end of t he Ayah means t hose who are crying, and it is t he plural of Baki. Due t o t his t he scholars agree t hat it is legislat ed t o prost rat e upon reading t his Ayah, in following t hem and adhering t o t heir manner of worship.

り∠ ヲ⇒∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ハゅ∠ッぺ∠ ∀ブ∇ヤ∠カ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ブ ∠ ヤ∠ガ ∠ プ∠ ぴ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ゅ⇔Β∂ ビ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇ヤΑ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ヰ∠ ゼ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ び ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや (59. Then, t here has succeeded t hem a post erit y who have lost t he Salah and have followed lust s. So t hey will meet Ghaiy.) (60. Except t hose who repent and believe, and work right eousness. Such will ent er Paradise and t hey will not be wronged in aught .)

They were succeeded by Wicked People and Good People Aft er Allah ment ioned t he part y of blessed ones -- t he Prophet s and t hose who followed t hem by maint ainig t he limit s set by Allah and His commandment s, fulfilling what Allah ordered and avoiding His prohibit ions -- t hen He ment ions,

(∠ブヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ ∀ブ∇ヤ∠カ) (t here has succeeded t hem a post erit y.) This means lat er generat ions.

び∠りヲ⇒∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ハゅ∠ッぺ∠ぴ (who have lost Salah) Losing t heir prayers is when t hey do not consider t he prayers obligat ory. Therefore t hey lose, because t he prayer is t he pillar and foundat ion of t he religion. It is t he best of t he servant s' deeds. Thus, t hese people will occupy t hemselves wit h worldly desires and delight s, and t hey will be pleased wit h t he life of t his world. They will be t ranquil and at ease in t he worldly appet it es. Therefore, t hese people will meet wit h Ghaiy, which means loss on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Al-Awza` i report ed from Musa bin Sulayman, who report ed from AlQasim bin Mukhaymirah t hat he said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∠りヲ⇒∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ハゅ∠ッぺ∠ ∀ブ∇ヤ∠カ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ブ ∠ ヤ∠ガ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then, t here has succeeded t hem a post erit y who have lost t he Salah) "This means t hat t hey will not keep up wit h t he proper t imes of t he prayer, because if it meant complet e abandonment of t he prayer, t his would be disbelief.'' It is also report ed t hat it was said t o Ibn Mas` ud, "Allah oft en ment ions t he prayer in t he Qur'an. He says,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ワゅ∠シ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ヤタ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who neglect t heir Salah.) ぴ107:5び And He says,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨも͡ へ∠キ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ Κ ∠タ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (Those who remain const ant in t heir Salah.) ぴ70:23び And He says,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヌプ͡ ゅ∠エΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ Κ ∠タ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (Who guard t heir Salah.)'' ぴ23:9び Then, Ibn Mas` ud said, "This means at it s designat ed t imes.'' The people said, "We t hought t hat t his was referring t o t he abandonment of t he prayer.'' He replied, "That would be disbelief.'' Masruq said, "No one who guards t he five daily prayers will be writ t en among t he heedless. In t heir neglect is dest ruct ion. Their neglect is delaying t hem past t heir fixed t imes.'' Al-Awza` i report ed from Ibrahim bin Zayd t hat Umar bin ` Abdul-` Aziz recit ed t he Ayah,

り∠ ヲ⇒∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ハゅ∠ッぺ∠ ∀ブ∇ヤ∠カ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ブ ∠ ヤ∠ガ ∠ プ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔Β∂ ビ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇ヤΑ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ヰ∠ ゼ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ (Then, t here has succeeded t hem a post erit y who have lost t he Salah and have followed lust s. So t hey will meet Ghayy.) Then, he said, "Their loss was not t heir abandonment of t he prayers, but it was by not offering t hem during t heir proper and prescribed t imes.'' Allah said,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ビ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇ヤΑ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So t hey will meet Ghayy. ) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ビ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇ヤΑ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So t hey will meet Ghayy.) "This means loss.'' Qat adah said, "This means evil.'' Sufyan At hThawri, Shu` bah and Muhammad bin Ishaq all report ed from Abu Ishaq As-Sabi` i, who report ed from Abu ` Ubaydah, who report ed from ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud t hat he said,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ビ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇ヤΑ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So t hey will meet Ghayy.) "This is a valley in t he Hellfire which is very deep and it s food is filt hy.'' Al-A` mash report ed from Ziyad, who report ed from Abu ` Iyad, who comment ed Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ビ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇ヤΑ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So t hey will meet Ghayy.) He said, "This is a valley in Hell made of puss and blood.'' Allah said,

び⇔ゅエ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except t hose who repent and believe and work right eousness.) This means, "Except t hose who recant from giving up t he prayers and following t he desires, for verily, Allah will accept t heir repent ance, give t hem a good end and make t hem of t hose who inherit t he Garden of Delight (Paradise). '' For t his reason Allah says,

び⇔ゅゃ∇Βセ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ (Such will ent er Paradise and t hey will not be wronged in aught .) This is because repent ance wipes away t hat which was before it . In anot her Hadit h, t he Prophet said,

«ヮ∠ャ ょ ∠ ∇ルク∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇リヨ∠ ミ∠ ょ ͡ ∇ルグｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ょ ⊥ も͡ ゅｚわャや» (The one who repent s from sin is like he who has no sin.) Because of t his, t hose who repent will not lose anyt hing from t he (good) deeds t hat t hey did. They will not be held account able for what t hey did before t heir repent ance, t hus causing a decrease in t heir reward for deeds t hat t hey do aft er t heir repent ance. That is because what ever t hey did before repent ing is lost , forgot t en and not t aken t o account . This is an honor from t he Most Generous and a kindness from t he Most Gent le. This is an except ion t hat is made for t hese people, similar t o Allah's st at ement in Surah Al-Furqan,

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ びあペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ザ ∠ ∇ヘレｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ (And t hose who invoke not any ot her god along wit h Allah, nor kill such person as Allah has forbidden, except for j ust cause...) unt il Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) ぴ25:68-70び

ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ロ⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ラ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ や⇔ヲ∇ピャ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ｚ - ゅ⇔Β∂ ゎ͡ ∇ほョ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ る⊥ ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ - ゅ⇔Β∂ ゼ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ び ゅ⇔Β∂ ボ͡ ゎ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ゐ ⊥ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ル ヴ͡わャｚや (61. (They will ent er) ` Adn Gardens which t he Most Gracious has promised t o His servant s in t he unseen. Verily, His promise must come t o pass.) (62. They shall not hear t herein any Laghw, but only Salam. And t hey will have t herein t heir sust enance, morning and aft ernoon.) (63. Such is t he Paradise which We shall give as an inherit ance t o t hose of Our servant s who had Taqwa.)

The Description of the Gardens of the Truthful and Those Who repent Allah, t he Exalt ed, says t hat t he Gardens (of Paradise), which t he penit ent will ent er, will be Gardens of ` Adn, meaning, et ernit y. These are Gardens t hat t he Most Beneficent promises His servant s in t he unseen. This means t hat t hese Gardens are from t he unseen t hings t hat t hey believe in, even t hough t hey have never wit nessed t hem. They believe in t he unseen out of t heir st rong convict ion and t he st rengt h of t heir fait h. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ゎ͡ ∇ほョ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, His promise must come t o pass.) This affirms t he fact t hat t his will occur, and t hat it is a set t led mat t er. Allah does not break His promise, nor does He change it . This is similar t o His st at ement ,

び⇔Ιヲ⊥バ∇ヘョ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミぴ (His promise is cert ainly t o be accomplished.) ぴ73:18び This means t hat His promise will be and t here is no avoiding it . Allah's st at ement here,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ゎ͡ ∇ほョ∠ ぴ (must come t o pass.) This means t hat it will come t o His servant s who are st riving t owards it and t hey will reach it . There are t hose comment at ors who said,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ゎ͡ ∇ほョ∠ ぴ (must come t o pass.) "This means it is coming, because everyt hing t hat comes t o you, you also come t o it . This is as t he Arabs say, ` Fift y years came t o me, and I came t o fift y years.' They bot h mean t he same t hing (I'm fift y years old).'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔やヲ∇ピャ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ｚぴ (They shall not hear t herein any Laghw.) This means t hat in t hese gardens of Paradise t here is no ignorant , wast eful and useless speech, like t here is in t his life. He said,

び⇔ゅヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (...but only Salam.) This is an indifferent except ion, similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡ホ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡を∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ヲ∇ピャ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ (No Laghw will t hey hear t herein, nor any sinful speech. But only t he saying of: Salam! Salam!) ぴ56:25-26び Concerning His st at ement ,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ゼ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will have t herein t heir sust enance, morning and aft ernoon.) This means, in what is similar t o mornings and evenings. This does not mean t hat t here is a night and a day (in Paradise), but t hey will be living in t imes t hat alt ernat e. They will know it s light ed t imes from it s light s and illuminat ion. This is as Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Hurayrah, who said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

り͡ ケ∠ ヲ⊥タ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヲ∠ タ ⊥ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ア ⊥ ヤ͡ゎ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ ∇ョコ⊥ メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠» ラ ∠ ヲ⊥トガ ｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボダ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ケ͡ ∇ギら∠ ∇ャや る∠ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ワ∠ ｚグャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ デ ⊥ ゅ∠ゼ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ Β∠ ル͡ へ ∩∠ラヲ⊥デヲｚ ピ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ .ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ マ ⊥ ∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ エ ⊥ ∇セケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥りヲｚ ャ⊥ほ∠∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ͡ ゅ∠イョ∠ ヱ∠ る⊥ ツ ｚ ヘ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰホ͡ ゅ∠シ ぁオョ⊥ ン∠ゲΑ⊥ ∩͡ラゅ∠わィ ∠ ∇ヱコ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ギ∃ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ モ あ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ フ ∠ ゅ∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや ゅ∠ャ ∩͡リ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ͡ ∇エヤｚャや ￢͡ や∠ケヱ∠ ∩∃ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ょ ͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∩∠ヂビ ⊥ ゅ∠らゎ∠ «ゅ６Βゼ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ ぶ ∠ やラ ∠ ヲ⊥エらあ ジ ∠ Α⊥ (The first group t o ent er int o Paradise will have forms like t he form of t he moon on a night when it is full. They will not spit , nor will t hey blow t heir noses t herein. They also will not defecat e. Their cont ainers and combs will be made of gold and silver and t heir censers will be of aloeswood. Their sweat will be t he fragrance of musk and each of t hem will have t wo wives. The marrow of t heir shins will be visible from beneat h t he skin due t o t heir beaut y. They will not have any disput es bet ween t hem, or any hat red. Their heart s will be unit ed like t he heart of one man. They will glorify Allah in t he morning and evening.) Al-Bukhari and Muslim bot h recorded t his narrat ion in t he Two Sahihs. Imam Ahmad also recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

る∃ らｚ ホ⊥ ヶ͡プ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ ゅ∠らよ͡ ゲ∃ ∇ヰル∠ ベ ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠よ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ￢⊥ や∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや» り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ∩∠￢や∠ゲ∇ツカ ∠ «ゅ６Βゼ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ (The mart yrs will be upon t he banks of a river by t he gat es of Paradise. Over t hem will be a green dome. Their sust enance will be brought out t o t hem from Paradise, morning and evening.) Ahmad is t he only one who collect ed t his narrat ion. Ad-Dahhak report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ゼ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will have t herein t heir sust enance, morning and aft ernoon.) "This means t he amount of t ime equal t o night and day.'' Allah said,

ゅ⇔Β∂ ボ͡ ゎ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ゐ ⊥ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ル ヴ͡わャｚや る⊥ ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ び (Such is t he Paradise which We shall give as an inherit ance t o t hose of Our servant s who had Taqwa.) This means, ` This Paradise t hat We have described wit h t hese magnificent at t ribut es, it is t hat which We will cause are pious servant s t o inherit .' They are t hose who obey Allah in happiness and t imes of hardship. They are t hose who suppress t heir anger and t hey pardon people's offenses. This is as Allah says at t he beginning of Surah Al-Mu'minun,

∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ Κ ∠タ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バゼ ͡ ⇒∠カ (Successful indeed are t he believers. Those who are humble in t heir Salah.) ぴ23:1-2び Unt il His saying,

サ ∠ ∇ヱキ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をゲ͡ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をケ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ (These are indeed t he inherit ors. Who shall inherit t he Firdaws. In it t hey shall dwell forever.) ぴ23:10-11び

ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ゅ∠レΑ͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ⊥ ゴｚ レ∠ わ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ゆ ぁ ケｚ - ゅ⇔Β∂ ジ ͡ ル∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ヘ∇ヤ∠カ ∇ゲら͡ ト ∠ ∇タや∠ヱ ロ⊥ ∇ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや び ゅ⇔Β∂ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らバ͡ ャ͡ (64. And we descend not except by t he command of your Lord. To Him belongs what is before us and what is behind us, and what is bet ween t hose t wo; and your Lord is never forget ful.) (65. Lord of t he heavens and t he eart h, and all t hat is bet ween t hem, so worship Him and abide pat ient ly in His worship. Do you know of any who is similar t o Him)

The Angels do not descend, except by Allah's Command Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t o Jibril,

«∨ゅ∠ルケ⊥ ヱ⊥ゴゎ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ゅ∠ルケ∠ ヱ⊥ゴゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ マ ∠ バ⊥ レ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (What prevent s you from visit ing us more t han you do) Then t his Ayah was revealed,

び∠マよあ ケ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ⊥ ゴｚ レ∠ わ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And we descend not except by t he command of your Lord.) Al-Bukhari was alone in recording it and he relat ed it wit h t he Tafsir of t his Ayah. Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "Jibril was kept from visit ing t he Messenger of Allah , so he was dist urbed and grieved because of t his. Then, Jibril came t o him and said, ` O Muhammad,

び∠マよあ ケ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ⊥ ゴｚ レ∠ わ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And we descend not except by t he command of your Lord.)''' Allah said,

びゅ∠レヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠レΑ͡ギ∇Α∠ぺ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (To Him belongs what is before us and what is behind us,) It has been said t hat t he meaning of "what is before us'' refers t o t hat which is in t his life and "what is behind us'' refers t o t he Hereaft er.

び∠マャ͡ク リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and what is bet ween t hose t wo;) This means what is bet ween t wo blows of t he Sur. This is t he opinion of Abu Al-` Aliyah, ` Ikrimah and Muj ahid. This was also st at ed by Sa` id bin Jubayr and Qat adah in one narrat ion from t hem. As-Suddi and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas held t his opinion as well. It has also been said,

びゅ∠レΑ͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (what is before us) means t he fut ure mat t ers of t he Hereaft er.

びゅ∠レヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (what is behind us,) means what has t aken place in t his life,

び∠マャ͡ク リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (what is bet ween t hose t wo;) means what happens bet ween t his life and t he Hereaft er. A st at ement like t his explanat ion has been report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, Sa` id bin Jubayr, AdDahhak, Qat adah, Ibn Jurayj and At h-Thawri. Ibn Jarir also preferred t his lat t er int erpret at ion. And Allah knows best . Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ジ ͡ ル∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and your Lord is never forget ful.) Muj ahid said, "This means t hat your Lord has not forgot t en you.'' Allah said,

びゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ぁ ケｚ ぴ (Lord of t he heavens and t he eart h, and all t hat is bet ween t hem,) He creat ed all of t hat , He is t he Disposer of it s affairs, He is t he Legi- slat or over it and He is in absolut e cont rol of it , having no one t o oppose His decisions.

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らバ͡ ャ͡ ∇ゲら͡ ト ∠ ∇タや∠ヱ ロ⊥ ∇ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プぴ (so worship Him and abide pat ient ly in his worship. Do you know of any who is similar t o Him) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah relat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t his means, "Do you know any comparison or some- t hing similar t o t he Lord'' Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Qat adah, Ibn Jurayj and ot hers all said t he same. ` Ikrimah relat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "There is no one named Ar-Rahman (t he Most Beneficent ) ot her t han Him, Blessed and Exalt ed is He. Most Holy is His Name.''

- ゅ⇔Β∂ ェ ∠ ァ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ ャ∠ ろ ぁ ョ͡ ゅ∠ョ や∠ク͡ま∠ぺ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ マ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡ ま ゲ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ゲ∠ ゼ ⊥ ∇エレ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ - ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ び ゅ⇔Β∂ ん͡ ィ ͡ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ メ ∠ ∇ヲェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ゲ∠ ツ ͡ ∇エレ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Αぁ ぺ∠ る∃ バ∠ Β͡セ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ リ ｚハ ∠ ゴ͡ レ∠レャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エレ∠ ャ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ゅ⇔Β∂ わ͡ ハ ͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや び ゅ⇔Β∂ ヤ͡タ ͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ (66. And man says: "When I am dead, shall I t hen be raised up alive'') (67. Does not man remember t hat We creat ed him before, while he was not hing) (68. So by your Lord, surely We shall gat her t hem t oget her, and (also) t he Shayat in, t hen We shall bring t hem round Hell, Jit hyya.) (69. Then indeed We shall drag out from every sect all t hose who were worst in obst inat e rebellion against t he Most Gracious.) (70. Then, verily, We know best t hose who are most wort hy of being burnt t herein.)

Man's Amazement about Life after Death and the Refutation against this Amazement Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs t hat mankind is amazed t hat he could be ret urned t o life aft er deat h and he t hinks t hat t his is somet hing farfet ched. As Allah says,

ゅｚル￢͡ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ゲゎ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ や∠ク￢͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ ょ ∀ イ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ∇ょイ ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び∃ギΑ͡ギィ ∠ ペ ∃ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ (And if you wonder, t hen wondrous is t heir saying: "When we are dust , shall we indeed t hen be (raised) in a new creat ion'')ぴ13:5び Allah also says,

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ る∃ ヘ∠ ∇トルぁ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ ∠ジ ͡ ル∠ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ - ∀リΒ͡らョｘ ∀ユΒ͡ダ∠カ ン͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ - ∀ユΒ͡ョケ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ユ∠ ⇒∠ヌバ͡ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ エ⊥Α リ∠ョ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ペ ∃ ∇ヤカ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ り∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ べ∠ワほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ (Does not man see t hat We have creat ed him from Nut fah. Yet behold he (st ands fort h) as an open opponent . And he put s fort h for Us a parable and forget s his own creat ion. He says: "Who will give life t o t hese bones aft er t hey are rot t en and have become dust '' Say: "He will give life t o t hem Who creat ed t hem for t he first t ime! And He is t he All-Knower of every creat ion!'')ぴ36:77-79び And Allah says here in t his Surah,

- ゅ⇔Β∂ ェ ∠ ァ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ ャ∠ ろ ぁ ョ͡ ゅ∠ョ や∠ク͡ま∠ぺ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ マ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡ ま ゲ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ び ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ (And man says: "When I am dead, shall I t hen be raised up alive'' Does not man remember t hat We creat ed him before, while he was not hing) Allah uses t he beginning of creat ion as a proof for it s repet it ion. This means t hat He, t he Exalt ed, creat ed t he human being while he was not hing. So can he not repeat t his creat ion aft er t he human had act ually become somet hing Similalry Allah says;

ラ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ぺ⊥ギ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (And He it is Who originat es t he creat ion, t hen He will repeat it ; and t his is easier for Him.) ぴ30:27び In t he Sahih it is recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ラぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ⊥ ∇よや ヶ͡レよ∠ グｚ ミ∠ :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » ∩ヶ͡レΑ∠ ク͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ⊥ ∇よや ヶ͡ルや∠クへ∠ヱ ∩ヶ͡レよ∠ グあ ム∠ Α⊥ ∩ヶ͡ルぺ∠ギ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ヶ͡ルギ∠ Β͡バΑ⊥ ∇リャ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲボ∠ プ∠ ヵ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ Α͡グ∇ムゎ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ ゅｚョ∠ぺ∠ヱ ∩͡ロゲ͡ カ ͡ へ ∇リョ͡ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ワほ∠よ͡ ペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ヨ∠ ｚダャや ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ほ∠∇ャや ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ギャ∠ヱ∠ ヶ͡ャ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲボ∠ プ∠ ヵ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ ロ⊥ や∠クぺ∠ «ギ∠ェぺ∠ や⇔ヲヘ⊥ ミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ギャ∠ヲ⊥Α ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ギヤ͡Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや (Allah, t he Exalt ed said, "The son of Adam denies Me and he has no right t o deny Me. The son of Adam harms Me and he has no right t o harm Me. His denial of Me is his st at ement t hat I will never repeat His creat ion like I creat ed him t he first t ime. Yet , t he second creat ion is not more difficult upon Me t han t he first . His harming Me is his st at ement t hat I have a son. Yet , I am One Alone, t he Self-Sufficient Whom all creat ures need. He Who does not beget children, nor was He born and t here is none coequal or comparable unt o Him.'') Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∠リΒ͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ゲ∠ ゼ ⊥ ∇エレ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So by your Lord, surely We shall gat her t hem t oget her, and t he Shayat in,) The Lord, Blessed be He t he Most High, swears by His Noble Self t hat He will definit ely gat her all of t hose who worshipped ot her t han Allah and t heir devils as well.

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ん͡ ィ ͡ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ メ ∠ ∇ヲェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ゲ∠ ツ ͡ ∇エレ⊥ ャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen We shall bring t hem round Hell, Jit hiyya.) Al-` Awfi relat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "This means sit t ing and it is similar t o His st at ement ,

び⇔るΒ∠ を͡ ゅ∠ィ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ｚモミ⊥ ン∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ

(And you will see each nat ion Jat hiyah.)'' ぴ45:28び As-Suddi comment ed on t he word Jit hiyya, "It means st anding.'' It has been report ed from Murrah t hat Ibn Mas` ud said t he same. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∃るバ∠ Β͡セ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ リ ｚハ ∠ ゴ͡ レ∠レャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then indeed We shall drag out from every sect ) This means from every nat ion. This is what Muj ahid said.

び⇔ゅΒ∂ わ͡ ハ ͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Αぁ ぺ∠ぴ (all t hose who were worst in obst inat e rebellion against t he Most Gracious.) At h-Thawri report ed from ` Ali bin Al-Aqmar, from Abu Al-Ahwas, from Ibn Mas` ud t hat he said, "The first of t hem will be bound t o t he last of t hem unt il t heir number is complet e. Then, t hey will be brought all t oget her. Then, Allah will begin wit h t he great est of t hem in crime and cont inue in succession. That is Allah's st at ement ,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Αぁ ぺ∠ る∃ バ∠ Β͡セ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ リ ｚハ ∠ ゴ͡ レ∠レャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び ゅ⇔Β∂ わ͡ ハ ͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや (Then indeed We shall drag out from every sect all t hose who were worst in obst inat e rebellion against t he Most Gracious.) This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

∇ユワ⊥ や∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ミケ∠ やｚキや や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ ゅ⇔ヘ∇バッ ͡ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ゅ∠ルヲぁヤッ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャヱｙΙ び͡ケゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ (Unt il t hey will be gat hered all t oget her in t he Fire. The last of t hem will say t o t he first of t hem: "Our Lord! These misled us, so give t hem a double t orment of t he Fire.'') Unt il His saying,

び∠ラヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ぴ (For what you used t o earn.) ぴ7:38-39び The first of t hem will say t o t he last of t hem: "Your were not bet t er t han us, so t ast e t he t orment for what you used t o earn.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ゅ⇔Β∂ ヤ͡タ ͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エレ∠ ャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ

(Then, verily, We know best t hose who are most wort hy of being burnt t herein.) Then, at t his point Allah at t aches one piece of informat ion t o anot her. The meaning here is t hat Allah best knows which of His creat ures deserve t o be burned in t he fire of Hell and remain t here forever and who deserves t o have his punishment doubled. This is as He says in t he Ayah t hat was previously ment ioned,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∀ブ∇バ͡ッ ｙモム⊥ ャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He will say: "For each one t here is double (t orment ), but you know not .'') ぴ7:38び

ゅ⇔ ヨ∇わェ ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ワキ⊥ ケ͡ や∠ヱ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ケ⊥ グ∠ ル∠ ヱｚ ∇やヲ∠ボゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴあイレ∠ ル⊥ ｚユを⊥ - ゅ⇔Β∂ ツ ͡ ∇ボョｚ び ゅ⇔Β∂ ん͡ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (71. There is not one of you but will pass over it (Hell); t his is wit h your Lord, a decree which must be accomplished.) (72. Then We shall save t hose who had Taqwa. And We shall leave t he wrongdoers in it , Jit hiyya.)

Everyone will be brought to Hell, then the Righteous will be saved Ibn Jarir report ed from ` Abdullah t hat he said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ワキ⊥ ケ͡ や∠ヱ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (There is not one of you but will pass over it .) "The bridge over Hell is like t he sharp edge of a sword. The first group t o cross it will pass like a flash of light ning. The second group will pass like t he wind. The t hird group will pass like t he fast est horse. The fourt h group will pass like t he fast est cow. Then, t he rest will pass while t he angels will be saying, ` O Allah save t hem, save t hem.' '' This narrat ion has support ing narrat ions similar t o it from t he Prophet in t he Two Sahihs and ot her collect ions as well. These narrat ions have been relat ed by Anas, Abu Sa` id, Abu Hurayrah, Jabir and ot her Companions, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem all. Ahmad also recorded t hat Umm Mubashshar, t he wife of Zayd bin Harit hah, said, "The Messenger of Allah was in t he house of Hafsah when he said,

«るｚΒら͡ ∇Αギ∠ エ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ や⇔ケ∇ギよ∠ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» (No one who was present at t he bat t les of Badr and Hudaybiyyah (of t he Muslims) will ent er int o t he Hellfire.) Then, Hafsah said, "Doesn't Allah say,

びゅ∠ワキ⊥ ケ͡ や∠ヱ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ

(There is not one of you but will pass over it (Hell);) The Messenger of Allah replied by recit ing,

び∇やヲ∠ボゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴあイレ∠ ル⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then We shall save t hose who had Taqwa.) In t he Two Sahihs t here is a Hadit h report ed from Az-Zuhri, from Sa` id from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ギ͡ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∀る∠をゅ∠ヤ∠を リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ユ∠ジボ∠ ∇ャや る∠ ヤｚエ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ヮ⊥ ジ ぁ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ (No one of t he Muslims who has had t hree children, who all died, will be t ouched by t he Hellfire, except for an oat h t hat must be fulfilled.) ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ワキ⊥ ケ͡ や∠ヱ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (There is not one of you but will pass over it ;) "The passing of t he Muslims (over t he Hellfire) means t heir passing over a bridge t hat is over it . But t he passing of t he idolat ors over t he Hellfire refers t o t heir admission t o t he Fire.'' As-Suddi report ed from Murrah, from Ibn Mas` ud, t hat he said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ツ ͡ ∇ボョｚ ゅ⇔ヨ∇わェ ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミぴ (t his is wit h your Lord; a Hat man decree.) "An oat h t hat must be fulfilled.'' Muj ahid said, "Hat man means preordainment .'' Ibn Jurayj said t he same. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヲ∠ボゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴあイレ∠ ル⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then We shall save t hose who had Taqwa. ) When all of t he creat ures passed over t he Hellfire, and t hose disbelievers and t he disobedient people who are dest ined t o fall int o it because of t heir disobedience, Allah will save t he believers and t he right eous people from it because of t heir deeds. Therefore, t heir passing over t he bridge and t heir speed will be based upon t heir deeds t hat t hey did in t his life. Then, t he believers who performed maj or sins will be allowed int ercession. The angels, t he Prophet s and t he believers will all int ercede. Thus, a large number of t he sinners will be allowed t o come out of Hell. The fire will have devoured much of t heir bodies, except t he places of prost rat ion on t heir faces. Their removal from t he Hellfire will be due t o t he fait h in t heir heart s. The first t o come out will be he who has t he weight of a Dinar of fait h in his heart . Then, whoever has t he next least amount aft er him. Then, whoever is next t o t hat aft er him, and so fort h. This will cont inue unt il t he one who has t he t iniest hint of fait h in his heart , equal t o t he weight of an at om. Then, Allah will t ake out of t he Fire whoever said "La ilaha illallah,'' even one day of his ent ire life, even if he never performed any good deed. Aft er t his, no one will remain in t he Hellfire, except t hose it is obligat ory upon t o remain in t he Hellfire forever. This has been report ed in many aut hent ic Hadit hs from t he Messenger of Allah . This is why Allah says,

び ゅ⇔Β∂ ん͡ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ケ⊥ グ∠ ル∠ ヱｚ ∇やヲ∠ボゎｚや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴあイレ∠ ル⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then We shall save t hose who had Taqwa. And We shall leave t he wrongdoers in it , Jit hyya.)

∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ろ ∃ ⇒∠レΒあ よ͡ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ リ ͡ ∇Βボ∠ Α͡ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや ン ぁ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Αグ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ゅ⇔をゅ∠をぺ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ラ ∃ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ム∠ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔Α∂ ギ͡ ル∠ び ゅ⇔Α∇￢ケ͡ ヱ∠ (73. And when Our clear Ayat are recit ed t o t hem, t hose who disbelieve say t o t hose who believe: "Which of t he t wo groups has t he best dwellings and t he finest Nadiyyan'') (74. And how many a generat ion have We dest royed before t hem, who were bet t er in wealt h, goods and out ward appearance)

The Disbelievers boast over Their good Fortune in the World Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs t hat when t he clear, evident Ayat of Allah are recit ed t o t he disbelievers, t hey rej ect t hem and t urn away. They say about t hose who believe, while boast ing t o t hem and arguing t hat t heir false religion is correct ,

び⇔ゅΑ∂ ギ͡ ル∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カぴ (best dwellings and t he finest Nadiyyan.) This means t he best houses, wit h t he loft iest levels and t he finest Nadiyyan, which are meet ing rooms for men t o gat her and discuss mat t ers. Thus, t his means t hat t heir meet ing rooms are full of more people who come t o at t end. In t his t hey were saying, "How can we be upon falsehood while we are in t his manner of successful living'' These people were act ually t hose who were concealed in t he house of Al-Arqam bin Abi AlArqam and it s likes from t he ot her houses. This is as Allah says about t hem,

ゅｚョ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠ルヲ⊥ボら∠ シ ∠ (And t hose who disbelieve say of t hose who believe: "Had it been a good t hing, t hey (t he weak and t he poor) would not have preceded us t heret o!'') ぴ46:11び Nuh's people said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ャク∠ ∇ケΙ ｘやマ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ぺ∠ぴ ("Shall we believe in you, when t he weakest (of t he people) follow you'') ぴ26:111び And Allah says,

リ ｚ ョ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワぺ∠ ∇やヲャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャあ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅｚレわ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャゅ͡よ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇ハほ∠よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ べ∠レレ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リあョ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (Thus We have t ried some of t hem wit h ot hers, t hat t hey might say: "Is it t hese (poor believers) whom Allah has favored among us'' Does not Allah know best t hose who are grat eful) ぴ6:53び This is why Allah refut ed t heir doubt s:

び∃ラ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ム∠ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And how many a generat ions have We dest royed before t hem) This means, "How many nat ions and generat ions did We dest roy of t hose who denied (t his message) due t o t heir disbelief''

び⇔ゅΑ∇￢ケ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔をゅ∠をぺ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぴ (who were bet t er in wealt h, goods and out ward appearance) This means t hat t hey were bet t er t han t hese present people in wealt h, possessions, looks and appearance. Al-A` mash report ed from Abu Zibyan, who report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said concerning t he Ayah,

び⇔ゅΑ∂ ギ͡ ル∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カぴ (best dwellings and finest Nadiyyan.) "Posit ion ぴMaqamび means home, Nadi means place of gat hering, wealt h refers t o mat erial possessions and out ward appearance is how t hey look physically.'' Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Posit ion ぴMaqamび means dwelling, Nadi means place of gat hering and t he blessing and happiness t hat t hey were living in. This is as Allah says about t he people of Fir` awn when He dest royed t hem and relat ed t he st ory of t heir sit uat ion in t he Qur'an,

ュ∃ ゅ∠ボョ∠ ヱ∠ ネ ∃ ヱ⊥ケコ⊥ ヱ∠ - ラ ∃ ヲ⊥Βハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユミ∠ ぴ び ユ∃ Α͡ゲミ∠ (How many gardens and springs t hat t hey ぴFir` awn's peopleび left behind, and green crops and honored places ぴMaqamび.) ぴ44:25-26び Therefore, posit ion ぴMaqamび refers t o t heir dwellings and splendid bount ies, and Nadi is t he places of gat hering and meet ing where t hey used t o congregat e. Allah said while relat ing t he st ory t o His Messenger of what happened wit h t he people of Lut ,

び∠ゲム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ Α͡キゅ∠ル ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And pract ice Al-Munkar (evil deeds) in your meet ing places ぴNadiyakumび.) ぴ29:29び The Arabs call a place of gat hering a Nadi.''

や⇔ギ∂ ョ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇キギ⊥ ∇ヨΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ る͡ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤツ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ャや ゅｚョま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ブ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ッぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョｚ ゲｘ セ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや び や⇔ギレ⊥ィ (75. Say: whoever is in error, t he Most Gracious will ext end ぴcircumst ancesび for him, unt il, when t hey see t hat which t hey were promised, eit her t he t orment or t he Hour, t hey will come t o know who is worst in posit ion, and who is weaker in forces.)

The Rebellious Person is given Respite but He is not forgotten Allah, t he Exalt ed, says,

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say) This means, "O Muhammad, say t o t hese people who are associat ing part ners wit h t heir Lord, while claiming t o follow t he t rut h, t hat t hey are really following falsehood.''

び͡るヤ∠⇒∠ヤツ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョぴ (whoever is in error) This means, ` be t hey from us or from you.'

び⇔やギ∂ ョ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇キギ⊥ ∇ヨΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ぴ (t he Most Gracious will ext end ぴcircumst ancesび for him.) This means t hat t he Most Beneficent will give him respit e in t hat which he is in, unt il he meet s his Lord and his appoint ed t ime will have arrived.

び∠ゆや∠グバ∠ ャや ゅョｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il, when t hey see t hat which t hey were promised, eit her t he t orment ) t hat will st rike him,

び∠るハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (or t he Hour) t hat will come suddenly,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t hey will come t o know) at t hat t ime,

び⇔やギレ⊥ィ ブ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ッぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョｚ ゲｘ セ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ぴ (who is worst in posit ion, and who is weaker in forces.) This is in refut at ion of t hier argument about t heir nice dwellings and splendid places of gat hering. This is a challenge against t he idolat ors who claim t hat t hey were following guidance in what t hey were doing. This is similar t o t he challenge t hat Allah ment ions about t he Jews when He says,

リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨハ∠コ ラ͡ま ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び∠リΒ͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ レｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ プ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ (O you Jews! If you pret end t hat you are friends of Allah, t o t he exclusion of (all) ot her people, t hen long for deat h if you are t rut hful.) ぴ62:6び Meaning, ` Supplicat e for deat h t o come t o t hose who are following falsehood among us if you t ruly claim t o be upon t he t rut h. If you are t rue, t hen t his supplicat ion will not harm you.' But t hey refused t o do so. An ext ensive discussion of t his has already preceded in Surat Al-Baqarah, and t o Allah is t he praise. Likewise, Allah ment ioned t he challenge t hat was given t o t he Christ ians in Surah Al ` Imran, when t hey were persist ent in t heir disbelief and cont inued in t heir t ransgression. They refused t o give up t heir exaggerat ing claim t hat ` Isa was t he son of Allah. Therefore, Allah ment ioned His argument s and proofs against t he worship of ` Isa, and t hat he was merely a creat ure like Adam. Aft er t his, Allah said,

∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ マ ∠ィ ｚ べ∠ェ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ジル͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ジル͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ネ ⊥ ∇ギル∠ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ⊥ レ∠ ∇バｚャ モ∠バ∇イレ∠ プ∠ ∇モヰ͡ わ∠ ∇らル∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ ゅ∠レジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡よグ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (Then whoever disput es wit h you about him aft er (all t his) knowledge t hat has come t o you, say: "Come, let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves - t hen we pray and invoke (sincerely) t he curse of Allah upon t hose who lie.'') ぴ3:61び However, t hey (t he Christ ians) also ret reat ed from t his challenge.

ろ ⊥ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ⇒あら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ∇やヱ∠ギわ∠ ∇ワや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゴ∠Α∠ヱぴ び や⇔キ∂ ゲ∠ ョｚ ゲ∀ ∇Βカ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ヲを∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや

(76. And Allah increases in guidance t hose who walk aright . And t he right eous good deeds t hat last are bet t er wit h your Lord for reward and bet t er for resort .)

Increasing Guidance of Those Who are guided Aft er Allah ment ions t he ext ended t ime and respit e t hat is allowed t o t hose who are in misguidance, increasing t hem in misguidance, He informs of t he increase in guidance of t hose who are right ly guided. Similarly He says,

∇ユム⊥ Αぁ ぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ∀り∠ケヲ⊥シ ∇ろャ∠ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び⇔ゅレ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ヮ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ や∠コ (And whenever t here comes down a Surah, some of t hem say: "Which of you has had his fait h increased by it '') ぴ9:124び And t he following Ayah also shows t his. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥れゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや れ ⊥ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャやヱ∠ ぴ (And t he right eous good deeds t hat last ) It s explanat ion has already preceded in Surat Al-Kahf, along wit h a lengt hy discussion concerning it and t he relat ed Hadit hs.

びゅ⇔よや∠ヲを∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カぴ ((t hey) are bet t er wit h your Lord for reward.) meaning t he recompense and reward.

び⇔やキ∂ ゲ∠ ョｚ ゲ∀ ∇Βカ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and bet t er for resort .) meaning in t he final out come, t he result for it s doer.

Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ョ リ ｚ Β∠ ゎ∠ ヱΕ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ン͡グャｚや ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ や⇔ギ∇ヰハ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ュ͡ ぺ∠ ょ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ヤ∠デ ｚ ぺ∠ - や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ギ∂ ョ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギぁ ヨ⊥ ル∠ ヱ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ょ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムレ∠ シ ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ び や⇔キ∇ゲプ∠ ゅ∠レΒ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ を⊥ ゲ͡ ル∠ ヱ∠ (77. Have you seen him who disbelieved in Our Ayat and said: "I shall cert ainly be given wealt h and children ぴif I live againび.'') (78. Has he known t he Unseen or has he t aken a covenant from t he Most Gracious) (79. Nay, We shall record what he says, and We shall increase his t orment ;) (80. And We shall inherit from him all t hat he speaks of, and he shall come t o Us alone.)

Refuting the Disbelievers Who claim that They will be given Wealth and Children in the Hereafter Imam Ahmad report ed from Khabbab bin Al-Arat t t hat he said, "I was a blacksmit h and Al-" ®256∧メs bin Wa'il owed me a debt . So I went t o him t o collect my debt from him. He said t o me, ` No, by Allah, I will not pay my debt t o you unt il you disbelieve in Muhammad.' I replied t o him, ` No, by Allah, I will not disbelieve in Muhammad unt il you die and are resurrect ed again.' He t hen said t o me, ` Verily, if I die and am resurrect ed, and you come t o me, I will also have abundance of wealt h and children and I will repay you t hen.' Then, Allah revealed t hese Ayat ,

Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ョ リ ｚ Β∠ ゎ∠ ヱΕ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ン͡グャｚや ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ ヱ∠ (Have you seen him who disbelieved in Our Ayat and said: "I shall cert ainly be given wealt h and children.'') unt il,

び⇔やキ∇ゲプ∠ ゅ∠レΒ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and he shall come t o Us alone.) This was also recorded by t he t wo compilers of t he Sahihs and ot her collect ions as well. In t he wording of Al-Bukhari it st at es t hat Khabbab said, "I used t o be a blacksmit h in Makkah and I made a sword for Al-" ®256∧メs bin Wa'il. So I went t o him t o collect my pay from him...'' t hen he ment ioned t he rest of t he Hadit h and he said,

び⇔やギ∇ヰハ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ュ͡ ぺ∠ぴ (or has he t aken a covenant from t he Most Gracious) "This means an agreement . '' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ょ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ヤ∠デ ｚ ぺ∠ぴ (Has he known t he Unseen) This is a rej ect ion of t he person who says,

び⇔やギ∠ャヱ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ョ リ ｚ Β∠ ゎ∠ ヱΕぴ (I shall cert ainly be given wealt h and children.) Meaning, on t he Day of Resurrect ion. In ot her words, "Does he know what he will have in t he Hereaft er, t o such an ext ent t hat he can swear t o it ''

び⇔やギ∇ヰハ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ュ͡ ぺ∠ぴ

(or has he t aken a covenant from t he Most Gracious) Or has he received a promise from Allah t hat he will be given t hese t hings It has already been st at ed t hat in Sahih Al-Bukhari it is ment ioned t hat covenant means an agreement . Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びｚΚミ∠ ぴ (Nay,) This is a part iciple t hat opposes what came before it and gives emphasis t o what follows it .

び⊥メヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ょ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムレ∠ シ ∠ぴ (We shall record what he says,) what he is seeking, and his idea t hat he has given himself about what he hopes for, and his disbelief in Allah t he Most Great .

び⇔やギ∂ ョ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギぁ ヨ⊥ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (We shall increase his t orment . ) This is referring t o what will happen in t he abode of t he Hereaft er, because of his saying his disbelief in Allah in t his life.

び⊥メヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ を⊥ ゲ͡ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We shall inherit from him all t hat he speaks of,) His wealt h and children. It means, "We will t ake all of t his from him, in opposit ion t o his claim t hat he will be given more wealt h and children in t he Hereaft er t han he had in t his life.'' To t he cont rary, in t he Hereaft er t hat which he had in t his life will be t aken from him. This is why Allah says,

び⇔やキ∇ゲプ∠ ゅ∠レΒ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And he shall come t o Us alone.) wit hout wealt h or children.

び や⇔ゴ∂ ハ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャあ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や￢ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ び や⇔ギ∂ ッ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠らバ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΒ∠ シ ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べｚル∠ぺ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び や⇔ギ∂ ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ぁギバ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇モイ ∠ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ - や⇔コ∂ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ コぁ ぽ⊥ ゎ∠ (81. And t hey have t aken gods besides Allah, t hat t hey might give t hem honor, power and glory.) (82. Nay, but t hey will deny t heir worship of t hem, and will become t heir adversaries.)

(83. See you not t hat We have sent t he Shayat in against t he disbelievers t o push t hem t o do evil. ) (84. So make no hast e against t hem; We only count out t o t hem a (limit ed) number.)

The Idols of the Polytheists will deny Their Worship Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs about t he disbelievers who associat e part ners wit h t heir Lord, t hat t hey have t aken gods besides Allah, so t hat t hese gods may be a source of honor and might for t hem. They t hink t hat t hese gods give t hem power and make t hem vict orious. Then, Allah ment ions t hat t he mat t er is not as t hey claim, and it will not be as t hey hope. He says,

び∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠らバ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΒ∠ シ ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay, but t hey will deny t heir worship of t hem,) on t he Day of Judgement .

び⇔やギ∂ ッ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and will become t heir adversaries.) This means t hat t hey will be foes in a st at e ot her t han what t hey t hink about t hese gods. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

Ι ｚ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リｚヨョ͡ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ハキ⊥ リ∠ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ⊥ Β͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ギ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ゼ ͡ェ ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ (And who is more ast ray t han one who calls upon, besides Allah, such as will not answer him t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion, and who are (even) unaware of t heir calls t o t hem And when mankind are gat hered, t hey will become t heir enemies and will deny t heir worshipping.) ぴ46:5-6び AsSuddi said,

び∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠らバ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΒ∠ シ ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay, but t hey will deny t heir worship of t hem,) "This means t heir worshipping of t he idols. '' Allah said,

び⇔やギ∂ ッ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and will become t heir adversaries) cont rary t o what t hey hoped for from t hese gods. As-Suddi said,

び⇔やギ∂ ッ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and will become t heir adversaries.) "They will be in severe opposit ion and argument .'' AdDahhak said,

び⇔やギ∂ ッ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and will become t heir adversaries.) "This means enemies.''

The Power of the Devils over the Disbelievers Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べｚル∠ぺ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び や⇔コ∂ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁコぽ⊥ ゎ∠ (See you not t hat We have sent t he Shayat in against t he disbelievers t o push t hem t o do evil.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "They will lead t hem ast ray wit h t empt at ion.'' Al` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "They will incit e t hem against Muhammad and his Companions.'' Qat adah said, "They will harass t hem and dist urb t hem unt il t hey disobey Allah.'' ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd said, "This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ト∇Βセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ヂΒあ ボ∠ ル⊥ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ズ ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ∀リΑ͡ゲ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ (And whosoever t urns away blindly from t he remembrance of t he Most Gracious, We appoint for him a Shayt an t o be a companion for him.)'' ぴ43:36び Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び や⇔ギ∂ ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ぁギバ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇モイ ∠ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So make no hast e against t hem; We only count out t o t hem a (limit ed) number.) This means, "Do not be hast y wit h t he punishment t hat is going t o befall t hem, O Muhammad.''

び⇔やギ∂ ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ぁギバ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (We only count out t o t hem a number. ) This means, "We are only delaying t hem for a fixed appoint ment whose t ime is numbered. They are dest ined for t hat and t here is no escaping t he t orment of Allah and His exemplary punishment .'' Allah says,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ Κ ⇔ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And consider not t hat Allah is unaware of t hat which t he wrongdoers do.) ぴ14:42び And He says,

び や⇔ギ∇Αヱ∠ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヤヰ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや モ ͡ ヰあ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So give a respit e t o t he disbelievers; deal gent ly wit h t hem for a while.) ぴ86:17び And Allah says,

び⇔ゅヨ∠ ∇をま͡ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠キ∇ゴΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∇ヨル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (We post pone t he punishment only so t hat t hey may increase in sinfulness.) ぴ3:178び

びナ ∃ Β͡ヤビ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲぁ ト ∠ ∇ツル∠ ｚユを⊥ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ あわヨ∠ ル⊥ ぴ (We let t hem enj oy for a lit t le while, t hen in t he end We shall oblige t hem t o (ent er) a great t orment .) ぴ31:24び

び͡ケゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ Β͡ダョ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Enj oy! But cert ainly, your dest inat ion is t he (Hell) Fire.'') ぴ14:30び As-Suddi said,

び⇔やギ∂ ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ぁギバ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (We only count out t o t hem a (limit ed) number. ) means years, mont hs, days and hours.''

び や⇔ギ∇プヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び や⇔キ∇ケヱ͡ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ベ ⊥ ヲ⊥ジ∠ル∠ヱぴ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∠ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘゼ ｚ ャや ∠ラヲ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ヨ∠Α Ι ｚぴ び や⇔ギ∇ヰハ ∠ (85. The Day We shall gat her t hose wit h Taqwa unt o t he Most Gracious (Allah), like a delegat ion.) (86. And We shall drive t he criminals t o Hell, in a t hirst y st at e.) (87. None shall have t he power of int ercession, but such a one as has received permission (or promise) from t he Most Gracious (Allah).)

The Condition of the Righteous and the Criminals on the Day of Resurrection Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs about His right eous friends, who feared Him in t he life of t his world. They followed His Messengers and believed in what t he Messengers t old t hem. They obeyed t hem in what t hey commanded t hem and abst ained from t hat which t hey prohibit ed. Allah explains t hat He will gat her t hese people on t he Day of Resurrect ion like a delegat ion t hat has come t o Him. A Wafd (delegat ion) is a group t hat arrives while riding and from it comes t he word Wufud (arriving). They will come riding upon noble st eeds of light from t he riding animals of t he Hereaft er. They will arrive before t he Best Receiver of delegat ions at t he abode of His honor and pleasure. In reference t o t he criminals, who denied t he Messengers and opposed t hem, t hey will be driven violent ly t o t he Hellfire. Allah says,

び⇔やキ∇ケヱ͡ ぴ (In a t hirst y st at e.) This means parched and t hirst ing for drink. This was st at ed by ` At a', Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan, Qat adah and many ot hers. Here it will be said,

び⇔ゅΑ∂ ギ͡ ル∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ リ ͡ ∇Βボ∠ Α͡ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや ン ぁ ぺ∠ぴ (Which of t he t wo groups is best in Maqam (posit ion) and t he finest Nadiyyan (meet ing place).)ぴ19:73び Ibn Abi Hat im report ed from ` Amr bin Qays Al-Mula'i, who report ed from Ibn Marzuq t hat he said,

び や⇔ギ∇プヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day We shall gat her t hose wit h Taqwa unt o t he Most Gracious, like a delegat ion.) "When t he believer comes fort h from his grave, he will meet t he most handsome form he has ever seen and it will have t he nicest fragrance. He will say, ` Who are you' The being will reply, ` You do not know me' The believer will say, ` No, but Allah has made you sweet smelling wit h a handsome face.' The being will say, ` I am your right eous deeds. This is how you use t o beaut ify and apply fragrance t o your deeds in t he worldly life. I was riding upon you in t he ent ire lengt h of your worldly life, so will you not ride upon me now' So t he believer will t herefore mount t he creat ure. This is t he meaning of Allah's st at ement ,

び や⇔ギ∇プヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day We shall gat her t hose wit h Taqwa unt o t he Most Gracious, like a delegat ion.)'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

び や⇔ギ∇プヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day We shall gat her t hose wit h Taqwa unt o t he Most Gracious, like a delegat ion.) "Riding.'' His saying,

び や⇔キ∇ケヱ͡ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ベ ⊥ ヲ⊥ジ∠ル∠ヱぴ (And We shall drive t he criminals t o Hell, in a t hirst y st at e.) This means parched and t hirst y.

び∠るバ∠ ⇒∠ヘゼ ｚ ャや ∠ラヲ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ヨ∠Α Ι ｚぴ (None shall have t he power of int ercession,) There will be no one who can int ercede for t hem like t he believers who int ercede for each ot her. Allah says about t hem,

び ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ペ ∃ Α͡ギタ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡バヘ͡ ⇒∠セ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (Now we have no int ercessors, nor a close friend.) ぴ26:100-101び Allah said,

び⇔やギ∇ヰハ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (but such a one as has received permission (or promise) from t he Most Gracious.) This is a separat e exclusion, which means, "But t hose who have t aken a covenant wit h t he Most Beneficent .'' This covenant is t he t est imony t hat none has t he right t o be worshipped but Allah, and upholding of it s right s and implicat ions. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

び⇔やギ∇ヰハ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (but such a one as has received permission (or promise) from t he Most Gracious.) "The promise is t he t est imony t hat none has t he right t o be worshipped but Allah, t hat t he person accept s t hat all power and st rengt h belong t o Allah and he only places his hope wit h Allah alone.''

- や⇔キ∂ ま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ - や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや ペ ぁゼ ∠ レ∠ゎヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ゲト ｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや キ⊥ ゅ∠ムゎ∠ - や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ や∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ラ∠ぺ - や⇔ギ∂ ワ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ゲぁ ガ ͡ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ リ∠ョ ぁモミ⊥ ラ͡ま - や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヴ͡ゎへ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ͡ヮΒ͡ゎや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ ヱ∠ - や⇔ギ∂ ハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギｚ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚ び や⇔キ∇ゲプ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや

(88. And t hey say: "The Most Gracious (Allah) has begot t en a son.'') (89. Indeed you have brought fort h (said) a t hing Idda.) (90. Whereby t he heavens are almost t orn, and t he eart h is split asunder, and t he mount ains Hadda.) (91. That t hey ascribe a son t o t he Most Gracious.) (92. But it is not suit able for t he Most Gracious t hat He should beget a son.) (93. There is none in t he heavens and t he eart h but comes unt o t he Most Gracious as a slave.) (94. Verily, He knows each one of t hem, and has count ed t hem a full count ing.) (95. And everyone of t hem will come t o Him alone on t he Day of Resurrect ion.)

The Stern Rejection of attributing a Son to Allah Aft er Allah affirms in t his noble Surah t hat ` Isa was a worshipper and servant of Allah and He ment ioned his birt h from Maryam wit hout a fat her, He t hen begins refut ing t hose who claim t hat He has a son. Holy is He and far Exalt ed is He above such descript ion. Allah says,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey say: "The Most Gracious has begot t en a son.'' Indeed you have brought fort h) This means, "In t his st at ement of yours.''

び⇔やキ∂ ま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ぴ (a t hing Idda.) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Qat adah and Malik all said, "Terrible.'' It has been said t hat it is pronounced Iddan, Addan, and Addan wit h elongat ion on t he first vowel. All t hree of t hese pronunciat ions are known, but t he most popular is t he first . Allah said;

チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや ペ ぁゼ ∠ レ∠ゎヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ゲト ｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや キ⊥ ゅ∠ムゎ∠ ぴ び や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ や∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ラ∠ぺ - や⇔ギ∂ ワ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ゲぁ ガ ͡ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ (Whereby t he heavens are almost t orn, and t he eart h is split asunder, and t he mount ains Hadda, t hat t hey ascribe a son t o t he Most Gracious.) t hat is, out of t heir high est eem for Allah, when t hey hear t his st at ement of wickedness coming from t he Children of Adam. The reason for t his is t hat t hese are creat ures of Allah and t hey are est ablished upon His Tawhid and t he fact t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Him. He has no part ners, no peer, no child, no mat e and no coequal. Rat her, He is t he One, Self-Sufficient Mast er, Whom all creat ures are in need of. Ibn Jarir report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや ペ ぁゼ ∠ レ∠ゎヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ゲト ｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや キ⊥ ゅ∠ムゎ∠ ぴ び や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ や∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ラ∠ぺ - や⇔ギ∂ ワ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ゲぁ ガ ͡ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ (Whereby t he heavens are almost t orn, and t he eart h is split asunder, and t he mount ains Hadda, t hat t hey ascribe a son t o t he Most Gracious.) "Verily, t he heavens, t he eart h, t he mount ains and all creat ures -- except for humans and Jinns -- are fright ened by t he associat ing of part ners wit h Allah. Creat ion will almost cease exist ing before t he associat ion of part ners

wit h Allah, due t o His Great ness. Just as t he idolat or does not benefit by his good deeds because of associat ing part ners wit h Allah, we hope t hat Allah would forgive t he sins of t hose who believed in His absolut e Oneness by worshipping Him alone. The Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ヰャ∠ゅ∠ホ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ぶや ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ り∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ヰセ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ゎ∇ヲョ∠ やヲ⊥レボあ ャ∠» «るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろら∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ (Encourage your dying people t o t est ify t o La ilaha illallah, for whoever says it at t he t ime of t heir deat h, t hey will definit ely ent er int o Paradise.) The people said, "O Messenger of Allah, what about he who says it while in good healt h'' He replied,

«ょ∠ィ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ょ ⊥ ィ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ » (This will necessit at e his ent rance int o Paradise even more.) Then he said,

れ ͡ や∠ヲヨｚジャゅ͡よ ￢∠ ヶ͡ィ ∇ヲャ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» ∩ｚリヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡ッケ∠ ほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ り⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠ヰセ ∠ ∇ろバ∠ ッ ͡ ヱ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡ラや∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや る͡ ヘｚ ミ͡ ヶ͡プ リ ∠ ∇バッ ͡ ヲ⊥ プ∠ «リ͡ヰよ͡ ∇ろエ ∠ィ ∠ ゲ∠ ャ∠ ンゲ∇カほ⊥∇ャや る͡ ヘｚ ム͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ (I swear by He Whom my soul is in His Hand, if t he heavens and t he eart hs, and all t hat is in t hem, bet ween t hem and under t hem, were brought and placed in a balance of a scale, and t he t est imony of La ilaha illallah was placed on t he ot her side of t he scale, t he t est imony would out weigh all of it .) This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and it is support ed by t he Hadit h relat ed t o t he st ory of t he card. And Allah knows best . Ad-Dahhak said,

び⊥ヮ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ゲト ｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや キ⊥ ゅ∠ムゎ∠ ぴ (Whereby t he heavens are almost t orn,) "This means t o be split apart int o pieces due t o t he fear of t he magnificence of Allah.'' ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said,

び⊥チ∇ケｘΙや ペ ぁゼ ∠ レ∠ゎヱ∠ ぴ (and t he eart h is split asunder,) "This is due t o it s anger on behalf of Allah, t he Might y and Sublime.''

び⇔やギ∂ ワ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ゲぁ ガ ͡ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and t he mount ains Hadda.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "This means t o be t orn down.'' Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "Haddan means some of it is broken by ot her part s of it in succession.'' Imam Ahmad report ed from Abu Musa t hat he said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ぶ ͡ や リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ン ⇔ ク∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇タぺ∠ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ» ノ⊥ プ∠ ∇ギΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プゅ∠バΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∀ギャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ⊥ «ユ⊥ヰホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ (There is no one more pat ient t han Allah concerning somet hing harmful t hat he hears. For verily, part ners are associat ed wit h Him and a son is ascribed t o Him, while He is t he One Who gives t hem good healt h, prot ect s t hem and sust ains t hem.) This narrat ion is also recorded in t he Two Sahihs. In one wording of it he said,

«ユ͡ヰΒ͡プゅ∠バΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ギャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡» (...t hat t hey at t ribut e a son t o Him, while He is t he One Who sust ains t hem and gives t hem good healt h.) Allah said;

び や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (But it is not suit able for t he Most Gracious t hat He should beget a son.) Meaning t hat it is not befit t ing of Him, nor is it appropriat e for His loft y maj est y and great ness. There is no coequal for Him in His creat ion, because all creat ures are His slaves. This is why He says,

ヴ͡ゎへ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ぁモミ⊥ ラ͡まぴ び や⇔ギ∂ ハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギｚ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚ - や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや (There is none in t he heavens and t he eart h but comes unt o t he Most Gracious as a slave. Verily, He knows each one of t hem, and has count ed t hem a full count ing.) He knows t heir number from t he t ime He creat ed t hem, unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, male and female, bot h t he small and t he large of t hem.

び や⇔キ∇ゲプ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ͡ヮΒ͡ゎや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And everyone of t hem will come t o Him alone on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) This means t hat t here will be no helper for him and no one t o save him, except Allah alone, Who has no part ners. He j udges His creat ures as He wills and He is t he Most Just , Who does not do even an at om's weight of inj ust ice. He will not wrong anyone.

モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΒ∠ シ ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ゲ∠ ゼ あ ら∠ わ⊥ ャ͡ マ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ジヤ∠よ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲジ ｚ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ - や⇔キ∂ ヱ⊥ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ム∠ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ギ∂ ャぁ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇レゎ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ぁザエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ラ ∃ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ び や⇔ゴ∇ミケ͡ (96. Verily, t hose who believe and work deeds of right eousness, t he Most Gracious will best ow love for t hem.) (97. So, We have made t his easy in your own t ongue, only t hat you may give glad t idings t o t hose who have Taqwa, and warn wit h it t he people t hat are Ludda.) (98. And how many a generat ion before t hem have We dest royed! Can you find a single one of t hem or hear even a whisper of t hem)

Allah places Love of the Righteous People in the Hearts Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs about His believing servant s, who work right eous deeds -- deeds t hat He is pleased wit h because t hey are in accordance wit h t he legislat ion of Muhammad -t hat He plant s love for t hem in t he heart s of His right eous servant s. This is somet hing t hat is absolut ely necessary and t here is no avoiding it . This has been report ed in aut hent ic Hadit hs of t he Messenger of Allah in various different ways. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,

ゅ∠Α :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩∠モΑ͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ゅ∠ハキ∠ や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» ヮ⊥ ぁらエ ͡ Β⊥ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ らｚ ェ ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ぁょェ ͡ ぺ⊥ ヶあルま͡ ∩⊥モΑ͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡ :͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヶ͡プ ヵ͡キゅ∠レΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩⊥モΑ͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁらエ ͡ Β⊥ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩⊥ロヲぁらェ ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ や∠クま͡ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヶ͡プ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥らボ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ノ⊥ ッ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ヶあルま͡ モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ゅ∠Α :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ モ ∠ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ゅ∠ハキ∠ や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ ヂ ∠ ピ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥モΑ͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ヮ⊥ ツ ⊥ ピ͡ ∇らΒ⊥ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩⊥ヮ∇ツピ͡ ∇よほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ヂ ⊥ ピ͡ ∇よぺ⊥

ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ヂ ⊥ ピ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡ :͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヶ͡プ ヵ͡キゅ∠レΑ⊥ ノ⊥ ッ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ｚユを⊥ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ツ ⊥ ピ͡ ∇らΒ⊥ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩⊥ロヲ⊥ツピ͡ ∇よほ∠プ∠ «チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヶ͡プ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ツ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ (Verily, whenever Allah loves a servant of His, He calls Jibril and says, "O Jibril, verily I love soand-so, so love him.'' Thus, Jibril will love him. Then, he (Jibril) will call out t o t he dwellers of t he heavens, "Verily, Allah loves so-and-so, so you t oo must love him.'' Then t he dwellers of t he heavens love him and he will be given accept ance in t he eart h. Whenever Allah hat es a servant of His, He calls Jibril and says, "O Jibril, verily I hat e so-and-so, so hat e him.'' Thus, Jibril will hat e him. Then, he (Jibril) will call out amongst t he dwellers of t he heavens, "Verily, Allah hat es so-and-so, so you t oo must hat e him.'' Then t he dwellers of t he heavens hat e him and hat red for him will be placed in t he eart h.) Al-Bukhari and Muslim report ed narrat ions similar t o t his. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,

ろ ⊥ ∇らら∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヶルあま͡ :モ ∠ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ン∠キゅ∠ル や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡» ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇レΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ヵ͡キゅ∠レΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮらｚ ͡ェ∠ほ∠プ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や メ ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ プ∠ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヶ͡プ る∠ らｚエ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや :モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΒ∠ シ ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び や⇔キ∂ ヱ⊥ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ (Whenever Allah loves a servant of His, He calls Jibril (saying), "Verily, I love so-and-so, so love him.'' Then, Jibril calls out int o t he heavens and love for him descends among t he people of t he eart h. That is t he meaning of t he st at ement of Allah, t he Might y and Sublime: (Verily, t hose who believe and work deeds of right eousness, t he Most Gracious will best ow love for t hem.)) ぴ19:96び This was also report ed by Muslim and At -Tirmidhi and At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.''

The Qur'an descended to give Glad Tidings and to warn Allah said;

び⊥ヮ⇒∠ル∇ゲジ ｚ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ

(So, We have made t his easy) meaning t he Qur'an.

び∠マル͡ ゅ∠ジヤ∠よ͡ ぴ (in your own t ongue,) This is an address t o Prophet Muhammad and it means t hat t he Qur'an is in t he pure, complet e and eloquent Arabic language.

び∠リΒ͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ゲ∠ ゼ あ ら∠ わ⊥ ャ͡ぴ (t hat you may give glad t idings t o t hose who have Taqwa,) t hose who respond t o Allah and believe in His Messenger ,

び⇔やギ∂ ャぁ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇レゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and warn wit h it t he people who are Ludda.) meaning, t he people who have deviat ed away from t he t rut h and are inclined t owards falsehood. His saying,

び∃ラ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ム∠ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And how many a generat ion before t hem have We dest royed!) means from t he nat ions t hat disbelieved in t he signs of Allah and rej ect ed His Messengers.

び⇔やゴ∇ミケ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ぁザエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ぴ (Can you find a single one of t hem or hear even a whisper of t hem) Meaning, ` have you seen any of t hem or even heard a whisper from t hem.' Ibn ` Abbas, Abu Al-` Aliyah, ` Ikrimah, AlHasan Al-Basri, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Ad-Dahhak and Ibn Zayd all said, "This means any sound.'' AlHasan and Qat adah bot h said t hat t his means, "Do you see wit h your eye, or hear any sound'' This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surah Maryam. All praises and t hanks are due t o Allah. Following t his will be t he Tafsir of Surah Ta Ha, Allah willing and all praise is due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surah Ta Ha (Chapter - 20) Which was revealed at Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

Ι ｚ ま͡ - ヴ∠ボ∇ゼわ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ - ヮデぴ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ペ∠ヤカ ∠ ∇リヨｚ ョあ Κ ⇔ Α͡ゴレ∠ゎ - ヴ∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ リ∠ヨャあ り⇔ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グゎ∠ ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや - ヴ∠ヤバ⊥ ∇ャや れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ - ン∠ヲわ∠ ∇シや メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ゲヰ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ - ン∠ゲんｚ ャや ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや - ヴ∠ヘ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲｚ ジ あ ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ び ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⊥ べ∠ヨ∇シΙ ｘや (1. Ta Ha.) (2. We have not sent down t he Qur'an unt o you t o cause you dist ress,) (3. But only as a Reminder t o t hose who fear (Allah).) (4. A revelat ion from Him Who creat ed t he eart h and high heavens.) (5. The Most Gracious Ist awa t he Throne.) (6. To Him belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is on t he eart h, and all t hat is bet ween t hem, and all t hat is under t he soil.) (7. And if you speak aloud, t hen verily, He knows t he secret and t hat which is yet more hidden.) (8. Allah! There is no God but Him! To Him belong t he Best Names.)

The Qur'an is a Reminder and a Revelation from Allah We have already discussed t he separat ed let t ers at t he beginning of Surah Al-Baqarah, so t here is no need t o repeat it s discussion here. Allah says,

び ヴ∠ボ∇ゼわ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョぴ (We have not sent down t he Qur'an unt o you t o cause you dist ress,) Juwaybir report ed t hat AdDahhak said, "When Allah sent t he Qur'an down t o His Messenger , he and his Companions adhered t o it . Thus, t he idolat ors of t he Quraysh said, ` This Qur'an was only reve- aled t o Muhammad t o cause him dist ress.' Therefore, Allah revealed,

Ι ｚ ま͡ - ヴ∠ボ∇ゼわ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ - ヮデぴ び ヴ∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ リ∠ヨャあ り⇔ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グゎ∠ (Ta Ha. We have not sent down t he Qur'an unt o you t o cause you dist ress, but only as a Reminder t o t hose who fear (Allah).) The mat t er is not like t he people of falsehood claim. Rat her, whomever Allah gives knowledge t o, it is because Allah want s him t o have an

abundance of good. This like what is confirmed in t he Two Sahihs on t he aut horit y of Ibn Mas` ud, who said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«リΑあギャや ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ∇ヰあボヘ∠ Α⊥ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ や キ͡ ゲ͡ Α⊥ ∇リョ∠ » (Whomever Allah want s good for, t hen He gives him t he underst anding of t he religion. ) Muj ahid comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

び ヴ∠ボ∇ゼわ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョぴ (We have not sent down t he Qur'an unt o you t o cause you dist ress,) "This is like His st at ement ,

び∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ジ ｚ Β∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (So recit e as much of t he Qur'an as may be easy (for you).) ぴ73:20び For, t he people used t o hang ropes at t heir chest s (t o hang on t o when t ired) in t he prayer.'' Qat adah said,

び ヴ∠ボ∇ゼわ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョぴ (We have not sent down t he Qur'an unt o you t o cause you dist ress,) "No, by Allah, He did not make it a t hing of dist ress. Rat her, He made it a mercy, a light and a guide t o Paradise.'' Allah said,

び ヴ∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ リ∠ヨャあ り⇔ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グゎ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (But only as a Reminder t o t hose who fear (Allah).) Allah revealed His Book and sent His Messenger as a mercy for His servant s, so t hat t he person who reflect s may be reminded. Thus, a man will benefit from what he hears of t he Book of Allah, it is a remembrance in which Allah revealed what He permit s and prohibit s. His saying,

び ヴ∠ヤバ⊥ ∇ャや れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ペ∠ヤカ ∠ ∇リヨｚ ョあ Κ ⇔ Α͡ゴレ∠ゎぴ (A Revelat ion from Him (Allah) Who has creat ed t he eart h and high heavens. ) means, ` This Qur'an, which has come t o you, O Muhammad, is a revelat ion from your Lord. He is t he Lord of everyt hing and it s King. He is Most Able t o do what ever He wills. He creat ed t he eart h wit h it s low dept hs and dense regions. He creat ed t he loft y heavens wit h t heir high alt it udes and subt let ies.' It has been report ed in a Hadit h, which At -Tirmidhi and ot hers graded as aut hent ic, t hat t he densit y of each sky of t he heavens is t he dist ance of five hundred years t ravel and t he dist ance bet ween it and t he next heaven is also five hundred years. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ン∠ヲ∠わ∇シや ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャやぴ

(The Most Gracious Ist awa t he Throne.) A discussion concerning t his has already preceded in Surat Al-A` raf, so t here is no need t o repeat it here. The safest pat h t o t ake in underst anding t his, is t he way of t he Salaf (predecessors). Their way was t o accept t hat which has been report ed concerning t his from t he Book and t he Sunnah wit hout describing it , reint erpret ing it , resembling it t o creat ion, rej ect ing it , or comparing it t o at t ribut es of t he creat ures. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ぴ び ン∠ゲんｚ ャや ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (To Him belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is on t he eart h, and all t hat is bet ween t hem, and all t hat is under t he soil.) This means all of t his is owned by Him and in His grasp. It is all under His cont rol, will, int ent and j udgement . He creat ed all of t his, He owns it and He is t he God of all of it . There is no t rue God ot her t han He and no Lord ot her t han He. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びン∠ゲんｚ ャや ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and all t hat is under t he soil.) Muhammad bin Ka` b said, "This means t hat which is beneat h t he sevent h eart h.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ヴ∠ヘ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲｚ ジ あ ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ゲヰ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if you speak aloud, t hen verily, He knows t he secret and t hat which is yet more hidden.) This means t hat He Who revealed t his Qur'an, has also creat ed t he high heavens and t he eart h and He knows t hat which is secret and what is even more hidden. As Allah says,

れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゲｚ ジ あ ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ (Say: "It has been sent down by Him Who knows t he secret of t he heavens and t he eart h. Truly, He is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.'') ぴ25:6び ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

びヴ∠ヘ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲｚ ジ あ ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ぴ (He knows t he secret and t hat which is yet more hidden.) "The secret is what t he son of Adam hides wit hin himself, and

びヴ∠ヘ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(t hat which is yet more hidden. ) is t he deeds of t he son of Adam, which are hidden before he does t hem. Allah knows all of t hat . His knowledge encompasses t hat which has passed and t hat which is in t he fut ure and it is one, complet e knowledge. In t his regard, all of t he creat ures are as one soul t o Him. That is t he meaning of His st at ement ,

び∃りギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘレ∠ ミ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ん⊥ ∇バよ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅｚョぴ (The creat ion of you all and t he resurrect ion of you all are only as a single person.) ぴ31:28び Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⊥ べ∠ヨ∇シΙ ｘ や ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (Allah! There is no God but Him! To Him belongs t he Best Names.) This means, ` He Who revealed t his Qur'an t o you (O Muhammad), He is Allah, t here is no God except Him. He is t he Owner of t he Best Names and t he most loft y at t ribut es.'

メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ン∠ぺケ∠ ∇クま͡ - ヴ∠シヲョ⊥ ゑ ⊥ Α͡ギェ ∠ ポ ∠ ゅ∠ゎぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎへ ヴあヤバ∠ ャｚ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ろ ⊥ ∇ジル∠ や∠￢ ヴあルま͡ ∇やヲ⊥んム⊥ ∇ョや ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワΙ ６ び ン⇔ギワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ギ⊥ ィ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ザ ∃ ら∠ ボ∠ よ͡ (9. And has t here come t o you t he st ory of Musa) (10. When he saw a fire, he said t o his family: "Wait ! Verily, I have seen a fire; perhaps I can bring you some burning brand t herefrom, or find some guidance at t he fire.'')

A Discussion of the Message of Musa From t his point , Allah begins t o ment ion t he st ory of Musa, how revelat ion began t o come t o Him, and Allah's speaking direct ly t o him. This occurred aft er Musa had complet ed t he t ime agreed upon bet ween he and his fat her-in-law t hat he would herd sheep. He was t raveling wit h his family, and it has been said t hat he was headed for t he land of Egypt , aft er having been away from it for more t han t en years. He had his wife wit h him and he became lost on t he way during a cold, wint ery night . Therefore, he set t led down, making a camp bet ween some mount ain passes and mount ains t hat were covered wit h snow, sleet , dense clouds, darkness and fog. He began t o t ry t o make a fire wit h a kindling device he had wit h him, in order t o produce some light , as was cust omary. However, it would not kindle anyt hing and it even st opped giving off sparks. While he was in t his condit ion, he saw a fire from t he side of t he mount ain. It appeared t o him t o be a fire glowing from t he right side of t he mount ain from where he was. He t hen announced t he good news t o his family saying,

び∃ザら∠ ボ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎへ ヴあヤバ∠ ャｚ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ろ ⊥ ∇ジル∠ や∠￢ ヴあル͡まぴ (Verily, I have seen a fire; perhaps I can bring you some burning brand) This means a flame from a fire. In anot her Ayah he said,

び͡ケゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ り∃ ヱ∠ ∇グィ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or a burning firebrand.) ぴ28:29び) This is a coal t hat has a burning flame.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤト ∠ ∇ダゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャｚぴ (t hat you may warm yourselves. ) ぴ28:29び This proves t hat it was in fact cold weat her at t hat t ime. Concerning his st at ement ,

び∃ザ∠ら∠ボ͡よぴ (some burning brand) This proves t hat it was dark. In reference t o his st at ement ,

びン⇔ギワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ギ⊥ ィ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or find some guidance at t he fire.) This means someone who can guide me t o t he road. This proves t hat he lost t he road. This is as At h-Thawri report ed from Abu Sa` id Al-A` war, from ` Ikrimah, from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びン⇔ギワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ギ⊥ ィ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or find some guidance at t he fire.) "This means someone who will guide me t o t he road. They were cold and had lost t heir way. Then, when he (Musa) saw t he fire he said, ` Eit her I will find someone who can guide us t o t he road, or at least I can bring you all some fire t hat you can kindle wit h.' ''

∇ノヤ∠∇カゅ∠プ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ - ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ ン ∠ キ͡ ヲ⊥ル ゅ∠ワゅ∠ゎぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ マ ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ゲわ∠ ∇カや ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ - ン⇔ヲデ ⊥ サ ͡ ギｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ͡キや∠ヲ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠∇バル∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ Ι͡ま ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ヴ͡レルｚ ま͡ - ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∇ノヨ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ る∀ Β∠ ゎ͡ や∠￢ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ラ ｚ ま͡ - ン͡ゲ∇ミグ͡ ャ͡ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ͡ ホ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ル∇ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ Κ ∠ プ∠ - ヴ∠バ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ン∠ゴ∇イわ⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ヘ∇カぺ⊥ キ⊥ ゅ∠ミぺ∠ ロ⊥ やヲ∠ ワ∠ ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ リ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∠マルｚ ギｚ ダ ⊥ ∠Α び ン∠キ∇ゲわ∠ プ∠

(11. And when he came t o it (t he fire), he was called by name: "O Musa!'') (12. "Verily, I am your Lord! So t ake off your shoes; you are in t he sacred valley, Tuwa.'') (13. "And I have chosen you. So list en t o t hat which will be revealed (t o you)'') (14. "Verily, I am Allah! There is no God but Me, so worship Me, and perform Salah for My remembrance.'') (15. "Verily, t he Hour is coming -- and I am almost hiding it -- t hat every person may be rewarded for t hat which he st rives.'') (16. "Therefore, let not t he one who believes not t herein, but follows his own lust s, divert you t herefrom, lest you perish.'')

The First Revelation to Musa Allah, t he Exalt ed, says,

びゅ∠ワゅ∠ゎぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (And when he came t o it ,) This is referring t o t he fire when he approached it .

びヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ ン ∠ キ͡ ヲ⊥ルぴ (He was called by name: "O Musa!'') In anot her Ayah it says,

る͡ バ∠ ∇ボら⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ リ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ΑΕ ∠ や ン͡キや∠ヲ∇ャや ￢͡ ヴ͡デゅ∠セ リ͡ョ ン ∠ キ͡ ヲ⊥ルぴ び⊥ヮヤｚャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ヴあルま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ ラ∠ぺ り͡ ゲ∠ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ る͡ ミ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らヨ⊥ ∇ャや (He was called from t he right side of t he valley, in t he blessed place, from t he t ree: "O Musa! Verily, I am Allah.'')ぴ28:30び However, here Allah says,

び∠マよぁ ケ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ (Verily, I am your Lord!) meaning, ` t he One Who is t alking t o you and addressing you,'

び∠マ∇Βヤ∠∇バル∠ ∇ノヤ∠∇カゅ∠プぴ (So t ake off your shoes;) ` Ali bin Abi Talib, Abu Dharr, Abu Ayyub and ot hers of t he Salaf said, "They (his sandals) were from t he skin of a donkey t hat was not slaught ered.'' It has also been said t hat he was only commanded t o remove his sandals due t o respect for t he blessed spot . Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びン⇔ヲデ ⊥ぴ (Tuwa) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "It is t he name of t he valley.'' Ot hers have said t he same. This is merely ment ioned as somet hing t o give more explanat ion t o t he st ory. It has also been said t hat it is a figure of speech, which comes from t he command t o place his feet down. It has also been said t hat it means ` doubly sacred' and t hat Tuwa is somet hing t hat

has repet it ious blessings. However, t he first opinion is most correct . It is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び ン⇔ヲデ ⊥ サ ͡ ギｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや キ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ロ⊥ や∠キゅ∠ル ∇クま͡ぴ (When his Lord called him in t he sacred valley of Tuwa.) ぴ79:16び Allah's st at ement ,

び∠マゎ⊥ ∇ゲわ∠ ∇カや ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And I have chosen you.) is similar t o His st at ement ,

びヶ͡ヨ⇒∠ヤム∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ヶ͡わ⇒∠ヤ⇒∠シゲ͡ よ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇Βヘ∠ ト ∠ ∇タや ヴ∇ル͡まぴ (I have chosen you above men by My Messages, and by My speaking (t o you).) ぴ7:144び This means over all human beings of t hat t ime. It has also been said t hat Allah said, "O Musa, do you know why I chose t o speak t o you direct ly out of all of t he people'' Musa said, "No.'' Allah t hen said, "Because I have not made anyone humble himself as much as you have humbled yourself. '' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∇ノヨ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ (So list en t o t hat which will be revealed.) "Now list en t o what I say t o you and what I reveal t o you.''

び∇ゅ∠ル∠ぺ Ι͡ま ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ヴ͡レルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, I am Allah! There is no God but Me,) This is t he first obligat ion upon all responsible people of age, t hat t hey know t hat t here is no God wort hy of worship except Allah alone, Who has no part ners. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びヴ͡ル∇ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プぴ (so worship Me,) This means, "Single Me out alone for worship, and est ablish My worship wit hout associat ing anyt hing wit h Me.''

びン͡ゲ∇ミグ͡ ャ͡ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ͡ ホ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and perform Salah for My remembrance.) It has been said t hat t his means, "Pray in order t o remember Me.'' It has also been said t hat it means, "And est ablish t he prayer whenever you remember Me.'' There is a support ing evidence for t his second st at ement in a Hadit h recorded by Imam Ahmad from Anas, who said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ モ ∠ ヘ∠ ビ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ り͡ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ギ∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ や∠クま͡» :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヴャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ミ∠ ク∠ や∠クま͡ ゅ∠ヰヤあダ ∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ びン͡ゲ∇ミグ͡ ャ͡ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ͡ ホ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Whenever one of you sleeps past t he prayer, or he forget s t o pray, t hen let him pray when he remembers it . For verily, Allah said, (And perform Salah for My remembrance.)) In t he Two Sahihs it is report ed from Anas t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ラぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ⊥ ケ∠ ゅｚヘム∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ∠ ジ ͡ ル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ り∃ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ル ∇リョ∠ » «マ͡ャク∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰャ∠りり∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヘミ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ミ∠ ク∠ や∠クま͡ ゅ∠ヰ∠Βヤあ∠ダΑ⊥ (Whoever slept past t he prayer, or forgot it , t hen his expiat ion is t hat he prays it when he remembers it . There is no expiat ion for it ot her t han t hat .) Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∀るΒ∠ ゎ͡ や∠￢ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he Hour is coming) This means t hat it is est ablished and t here is no avoiding it . It will be and it is inevit able. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡ヘ∇カぺ⊥ キ⊥ ゅ∠ミぺ∠ぴ (I am almost hiding it ) Ad-Dahhak relat ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he used t o recit e it as, "I almost kept it hidden -- from myself.'' Ibn ` Abbas t hen would say, "Because not hing is ever hidden from Allah's Self.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said,

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡ヘ∇カぺ⊥ キ⊥ ゅ∠ミぺ∠ぴ (I am almost hiding it .) "This means t hat no one knows it s appoint ed t ime except Me (Allah).'' Allah also said,

び⇔るわ∠ ∇ピよ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ろヤ∠ボ⊥ を∠ ぴ (Heavy is it s burden t hrough t he heavens and t he eart h. It shall not come upon you except all of a sudden.) ぴ7:187び This means t hat it s knowledge weighs heavily upon t he dwellers of t he heavens and t he eart h. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びヴ∠バ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ン∠ゴ∇イわ⊥ ャ͡ぴ (t hat every person may be rewarded for t hat which he st rives.) "I will est ablish it and it is inevit able. I will cert ainly reward every person who does somet hing, according t o what he did.''

∇モヨ∠ ⇒∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ヨ∠プぴ び ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ や⇔ゲ∂ セ ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ (So whosoever does good equal t o t he weight of an at om shall see it . And whosoever does evil equal t o t he weight of an at om shall see it .) ぴ99:7-8び

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (You are only being requit ed for what you used t o do.) ぴ52:16び Allah said,

びゅ∠ヰよ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ リ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∠マルｚ ギｚ ダ ⊥ ∠Α Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Therefore, let not divert you t he one who believes not t herein,) The address here is direct ed t owards all individuals who are responsible (and capable of t aking heed t o t his message). This means, "Do not follow t he way of t he person who does not believe in t he Hour (Day of Judgement ) and he only pursues his desires in t his worldly life. He disobeys his Lord and only follows his desires. Whoever behaves like t hese people, t hen verily he has failed and lost .

びン∠キ∇ゲわ∠ プ∠ ぴ (lest you perish.) This means t hat you will be dest royed and ruined.

び ンｚキゲ∠ ゎ∠ や∠クま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And what will his wealt h avail him when he goes down (in dest ruct ion)) ぴ92:11び

ン ∠ ゅ∠ダハ ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ マ ∠ レ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヴ ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ヨレ∠ ビ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ズ ぁ ワ⊥ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や⊥ぽミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ び ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ゆ ⊥ ケ͡ ほ∠ョ∠

ヴ∠バ∇ジゎ∠ ∀るΒｚ ∠ェ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ボ∇ャほ∠プ∠ - ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ ゅ∠ヰ͡ボ∇ャ∠ぺ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや ゅ∠ヰゎ∠ ゲ∠Βシ ͡ ゅ∠ワギ⊥ Β͡バレ⊥ シ ∠ ∇ブガ ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワ∇グカ ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ (17. "And what is t hat in your right hand, O Musa'') (18. He said: "This is my st ick, whereon I lean, and wherewit h I beat down branches for my sheep, and wherein I find ot her uses.'') (19. (Allah) said: "Cast it down, O Musa!'') (20. He cast it down, and behold! It was a snake, moving quickly. ) (21. Allah said: "Grasp it and fear not ; We shall ret urn it t o it s former st at e.'')

The Stick of Musa turned into a Snake This was a proof from Allah for Musa and a great miracle. This was somet hing t hat broke t hrough t he boundaries of what is considered normal, t hus, it was a brilliant evidence t hat none but Allah could do. It was also a proof t hat no one could come wit h t he likes of t his (from mankind) except a Prophet who was sent (by Allah). Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ マ ∠ レ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And what is t hat in your right hand, O Musa) Some of t he scholars of Tafsir have said, "He (Allah) only said t his t o him in order t o draw his at t ent ion t o it .'' It has also been said, "He only said t his t o him in order t o affirm for him what was in his hand. In ot her words, t hat which is in your right hand is a st ick t hat you are familiar wit h. You will see what We are about t o do t o it now.''

び ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ マ ∠ レ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And what is t hat in your right hand, O Musa) This is an int errogat ive phrase for t he purpose of affirmat ion.

びゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や⊥ぽミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ ン ∠ ゅ∠ダハ ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "This is my st ick, whereon I lean...'') I lean on it while I am walking.

びヴ͡ヨレ∠ ビ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ズ ぁ ワ⊥ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and wherewit h I beat down branches for my sheep,) This means, ` I use it t o shake t he branches of t rees so t hat t he leaves will fall for my sheep t o eat t hem. ' ` Abdur-Rahman bin AlQasim report ed from Imam Malik t hat he said, "ぴIt isび when a man places his st aff int o a branch and shakes it so t hat it s leaves and fruit will fall wit hout breaking t he st ick. It is not t he same as st riking or beat ing.'' Maymun bin Mahran also said t he same. Concerning his st at ement ,

びン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ゆ ⊥ ケ͡ ほ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヴ ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(and wherein I find ot her uses.) This means ot her benefit s, services and needs besides t his. Some of t he scholars t ook upon t hemselves t he burden of ment ioning many of t hese obscure uses. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ ゅ∠ヰボ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ((Allah) said: "Cast it down, O Musa!'') "Throw down t his st ick t hat is in your right hand, O Musa.''

び ヴ∠バ∇ジゎ∠ ∀るΒｚ ∠ェ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ボ∇ャほ∠プ∠ ぴ (He cast it down, and behold! It was a snake, moving quickly.) This means t hat t he st ick changed int o a huge snake, like a long pyt hon, and it moved wit h rapid movement s. It moved as if it were t he fast est t ype of small snake. Yet , it was in t he form of t he largest snake, while st ill having t he fast est of movement s.

びヴ∠バ∇ジゎ∠ ぴ (moving quickly.) moving rest lessly. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びヴ∠ャヱｙΙや ゅ∠ヰゎ∠ ゲ∠Βシ ͡ ゅ∠ワギ⊥ Β͡バレ⊥ シ ∠ぴ (We shall ret urn it t o it s former st at e. ) t he form t hat it was in, as you recognized it before.

∇リョ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ツ∇Βよ∠ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ マ ∠ェ ͡ ゅ∠レィ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ポ ∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヨ⊥ ∇ッや∠ヱぴ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ Α∠ ゲ͡ レ⊥ ャ͡ - ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ￢∃ ヲ⊥シ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ヴ∠ピデ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ょワ∠ ∇クや - ン∠ゲ∇らム⊥ ∇ャや - ン͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゲジ あ Α∠ ヱ∠ - ン͡ケ∇ギタ ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゥゲ∠ ∇セや ゆ あ ケ∠ モ∠バ∇ィや∠ヱ - ヶ͡ャ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇やヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ - ヴ͡ルゅ∠ジャあ リあョ り⇔ ギ∠ ∇ボハ ⊥ ∇モヤ⊥∇ェや∠ヱ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇キギ⊥ ∇セや - ヴ͡カぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ - ヴ͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ や⇔ゲΑ͡コヱ∠ ヴあャ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ マ ∠エ ∠ らあ ジ ∠ ル⊥ ∇ヴミ∠ - ン͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ∇ミゲ͡ ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ - ン͡ケ∇コぺ∠ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ゅ∠レ͡よ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ - や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ミ⊥ ∇グル∠ ヱ∠ -

(22. "And press your (right ) hand t o your (left ) side: it will come fort h whit e (and shining), wit hout any disease as anot her sign,'') (23. "That We may show you (some) of Our great er signs.'') (24. "Go t o Fir` awn! Verily, he has t ransgressed.'') (25. He said: "O my Lord! Open for me my chest .'') (26. "And ease my t ask for me;'') (27. "And loosen t he knot from my t ongue,'') (28. "That t hey underst and my speech.'') (29. "And appoint for me a helper from my family,'') (30. "Harun, my brot her.'') (31. "Increase my st rengt h wit h him,'') (32. "And let him share my t ask,'') (33. "That we may glorify You much,'') (34. "And remember You much,'') (35. "Verily, You are ever seeing us.'')

The Hand of Musa turning White without any Disease This is t he second sign of Musa. That is Allah has commanded him t o place his hand int o t he opening of his garment , as is clearly st at ed in anot her Ayah. It ment ioned here merely as a passing reference, saying:

び∠マェ ͡ ゅ∠レィ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ポ ∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヨ⊥ ∇ッや∠ヱぴ (And press your hand t o your side:) Allah said in anot her Ayah,

マ ∠ ル͡ や∠グプ∠ ょ ͡ ∇ワゲｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユヨ⊥ ∇ッや∠ヱぴ び͡ヮ͡ゃ∠ヤ∠ョ∠ヱ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ リ ͡ ⇒∠ルゅ∠ワ∇ゲよ⊥ (And draw your hand close t o your side t o be free from fear. These are t wo signs from your Lord t o Fir` awn and his chiefs.) ぴ28:32び Muj ahid said,

び∠マェ ͡ ゅ∠レィ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ポ ∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヨ⊥ ∇ッや∠ヱぴ (And press your hand t o your side:) "This means put your palm under your upper arm.'' When Musa put his hand int o t he opening of his garment and brought it out , it came out shining as if it were a half moon. Concerning His st at ement ,

び∃￢ヲ⊥シ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ツ∇Βよ∠ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ ぴ (it will come fort h whit e, wit hout any disease) This means wit hout any leprosy, ailment , or disfigurement . This was st at ed by Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, AsSuddi and ot hers. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "He brought it out , and by Allah, it was as if it were a lamp. From t his Musa knew t hat he had surely met his Lord, t he Might y and Sublime.'' This is why Allah says,

び ン∠ゲ∇らム⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ Α∠ ゲ͡ レ⊥ ャ͡ぴ (That We may show you (some) of Our great er signs.)

Allah commanded Musa to go to Fir` awn to convey the Message Allah said,

び ヴ∠ピデ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ょワ∠ ∇クやぴ (Go t o Fir` awn! Verily, he has t ransgressed.) This means, "Go t o Fir` awn, t he king of Egypt , whom you left Egypt fleeing from, and invit e him t o t he worship of Allah alone, Who has no part ners. Command him t o t reat t he Children of Israel well and t o not t orment t hem. For verily, he has t ransgressed, oppressed, preferred t he worldly life and forgot t en t he Most High Lord.''

The Supplication of Musa

ン͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゲジ あ Α∠ ヱ∠ - ン͡ケ∇ギタ ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゥゲ∠ ∇セや ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び ((Musa) said: "O my Lord! Open for me my chest , and ease my t ask for me.'') Musa requst ed his Lord t o expand his chest for his mission. For verily, He was commanding him wit h a great t ask and a weight y affair. He was sending him t o t he might iest king on t he face of t he eart h at t hat t ime. He was t he most arrogant and severe of all people in his disbelief, and He had t he largest army and t he most powerful kingdom. He was t he most t yrannical and t he most obst inat e of rulers. His case was such t hat he claimed not t o know Allah at all, and t hat he knew of no god for his subj ect s ot her t han himself. Along wit h t his, Musa lived in his home for a period of t ime as a child. He st ayed in Fir` awn's own room and slept on his bed. Then, aft er t his, he killed one of t heir people and feared t hat t hey would ret aliat e by killing him in ret urn. Thus, he fled from t hem and remained an out law during t his ent ire t ime. Then, aft er all of t his, His Lord sent him t o t hem as a warner calling t hem t o worship Allah alone, wit hout associat ing part ners wit h Him. This is why he said,

ン͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゲジ あ Α∠ ヱ∠ - ン͡ケ∇ギタ ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゥゲ∠ ∇セや ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び (O my Lord! Open for me my chest , and ease my t ask for me.) This means, "I cannot perform t his t ask if You do not help me, aid me and support me.''

び ヶ͡ャ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ - ヴ͡ルゅ∠ジャあ リあョ り⇔ ギ∠ ∇ボハ ⊥ ∇モヤ⊥∇ェや∠ヱぴ (And loosen t he knot from my t ongue, t hat t hey underst and my speech.) This is referring t o t he lisp t hat he had. This lisp was a result of an incident when he was present ed a dat e and a hot coal st one and he placed t he coal on his t ongue inst ead of t he dat e. A det ailed explanat ion of t his st ory is fort hcoming in t he following chapt ers. However, he did not ask Allah t o remove t his afflict ion all t oget her. Rat her, he asked for removal of his st ammering so t he people would

underst and what he int ended in his speech. He was only asking for what was necessary t o deliver his message. If he had asked for t he removal of his afflict ion in it s ent iret y, it would have been cured for him. However, t he Prophet s do not ask for any more t han what is required. Therefore, he was left wit h t he remnant s of t his accident t hat t ook place wit h his t ongue. Allah informed of what Fir` awn said concerning him,

キ⊥ ゅ∠ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀リΒ͡ヰョ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ン͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇リョあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ べ∠ル∠ぺ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ びリ ⊥ Β͡らΑ⊥ (Am I not bet t er t han t his one who is despicable and can scarcely express himself clearly)ぴ43:52び This means t hat he is not eloquent in speech. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ヴ͡カぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ - ヴ͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ や⇔ゲΑ͡コヱ∠ ヴあャ モ∠バ∇ィや∠ヱぴ (And appoint for me a helper from my family, Harun, my brot her.) This was also a request from Musa concerning somet hing not pert aining t o himself. That was his request for t he assist ance of his brot her, Harun. At h-Thawri report ed from Abu Sa` id, from ` Ikrimah, who said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Harun was made a Prophet at t he same moment t hat Musa was made a Prophet .'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` A'ishah went out int ending t o perform ` Umrah and st opped t o camp among some bedouins. While she was among t hem she heard a man say, "Which brot her in t his life was t he most beneficial t o his brot her'' The people said, "We do not know.'' The man said, "By Allah, I know.'' ` A'ishah said, "I said t o myself about his swearing, t hat he should not swear such an oat h, singling himself out as knowing what person was of most benefit t o his brot her.'' The man said, "It is Musa, when he asked for prophet hood t o be best owed upon his brot her.'' Then ` A'ishah said, "By Allah, he has spoken t rut hfully.'' This is why Allah commended Musa by saying,

び⇔ゅヰΒ͡ィヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And he was honorable before Allah.)ぴ33:69び Concerning Musa's st at ement ,

び ン͡ケ∇コぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇キギ⊥ ∇セやぴ (Increase my st rengt h wit h him.) Muj ahid said, "This means t o make my back st rong.''

び ン͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ∇ミゲ͡ ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And let him share my t ask.) make him my consult ant in t his mat t er.

び や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ミ⊥ ∇グル∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ マ ∠エ ∠ らあ ジ ∠ ル⊥ ∇ヴミ∠ ぴ

(That we may glorify You much, and remember You much.) Muj ahid said, "A servant of Allah is not considered of t hose who remember Allah much unt il he remembers Allah while st anding, sit t ing and lying down.'' Concerning his st at ement ,

び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ゅ∠レ͡よ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, You are ever seeing us.) This means in Your choosing us, giving us t he prophet hood and sending us t o Your enemy, Fir` awn. So unt o You is all praise for t his.

マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅｚレレ∠ ョ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ マ ∠ ャ∠∇ぽシ ⊥ ろ ∠ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ ∇ギホ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ラ ͡ ぺ∠ - ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ョあ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇クま͡ - ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ り⇔ ゲｚ ョ∠ ユぁ Β∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ボ͡ ∇ヤΒ⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ユあ Β∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ Β͡プグ͡ ∇ホゅ∠プ れ ͡ ヲ⊥よゅｚわャや ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ Β͡プグ͡ ∇ホや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βボ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあャ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ロ⊥ ∇グカ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ モ ͡ェ ͡ ゅｚジャゅ͡よ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇カぺ⊥ ヴ͡ゼ∇ヨゎ∠ ∇クま͡ ヴ͡レ∇Βハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ∠ レ∠ ∇ダわ⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヴあレョあ る⇔ らｚ エ ∠ ョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇バィ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ぁャキ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボわ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅヰ⊥レ∇Βハ ∠ ゲｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ヴ∠ミ マ ∠ ョあ ぺ⊥ び⇔ゅルヲ⊥わプ⊥ マ ∠ ⇒ｚレわ∠ プ∠ ヱ∠ ユあ ピ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ｚ レ∠ プ∠ (36. (Allah) said: "You are grant ed your request , O Musa!'') (37. "And indeed We conferred a favor on you anot her t ime (before).'') (38. "When We inspired your mot her wit h t hat which We inspired.'') (39. "Saying: ` Put him (t he child) int o t he Tabut and put it int o t he river; t hen t he river shall cast it up on t he bank, and t here, an enemy of Mine and an enemy of his shall t ake him.' And I endued you wit h love from Me, in order t hat you may be brought up under My Eye.'') (40. "When your sist er went and said: ` Shall I show you one who will nurse him' So We rest ored you t o your mot her, t hat she might cool her eyes and she should not grieve. Then you did kill a man, but We saved you from great dist ress and t ried you wit h a heavy t rial.'')

Glad Tidings of the acceptance of Musa's Supplication and the Reminder of the Previous Blessings This is a response from Allah t o His Messenger, Musa, for what he request ed from His Lord. It also cont ains a reminder of Allah's previous favors upon him. The first was inspiring his mot her when she was breast feeding him and she feared t hat Fir` awn and his chiefs would kill him. Musa was born during a year in which t hey (Fir` awn's people) were killing all of t he male children. So she placed him in a case and cast him int o t he river. The river carried him away and she became grieved and dist ressed, as Allah ment ioned about her when He said,

ン͡ギ∇らわ⊥ ャ∠ ∇れキ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ゅ⇔ビ͡ケゅ∠プ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ あュぺ⊥ キ⊥ や∠ぽプ⊥ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇トよ∠ ケｚ ラ∠ぺ Ι∇ヲャ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ (And t he heart of t he mot her of Musa became empt y. She was very near t o disclose his (case) had We not st rengt hened her heart .) ぴ28:10び So t he river carried him t o t he home of Fir` awn.

び⇔ゅル∠ゴェ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ヱ∂ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ⊥ や∠￢ ヮ⊥ ト ∠ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プぴ (Then t he people of Fir` awn picked him up, t hat he might become for t hem an enemy and a (cause of ) grief.) ぴ28:8び Means t hat t his was a dest ined mat t er, decreed by Allah. They were killing t he male children of t he Israelit es for fear of Musa's arrival. Therefore, wit h Allah having t he great aut horit y and t he most perfect power, He det ermined t hat Musa would not be raised except upon Fir` awn's own bed. He would be sust ained by Fir` awn's food and drink, while receiving t he love of Fir` awn and his wife. This is why Allah said,

る⇔ らｚエ ∠ ョ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βボ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあャ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ロ⊥ ∇グカ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ぴ びヴあレョあ (and t here, an enemy of Mine and an enemy of his shall t ake him. And I endued you wit h love from Me,) This means t hat I made your enemy love you. Salamah bin Kuhayl said,

びヴあレョあ る⇔ らｚエ ∠ ョ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βボ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And I endued you wit h love from Me,) "This means, ` I made My creat ures love you.' ''

びヴ͡レ∇Βハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ∠ レ∠ ∇ダわ⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (in order t hat you may be brought up under My Eye.) Abu ` Imran Al-Jawni said, "This means, ` You will be raised under Allah's Eye.' '' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ぁャキ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボわ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇カぺ⊥ ヴ͡ゼ∇ヨゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ びゅヰ⊥レ∇Βハ ∠ ゲｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ヴ∠ミ マ ∠ ョあ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇バィ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ (When your sist er went and said: ` Shall I show you one who will nurse him' So We rest ored you t o your mot her, t hat she might cool her eyes) When he was accept ed int o t he house of Fir` awn, women were brought in at t empt s t o find someone who might be able t o nurse him. But he refused t o breast feed from any of t hem. Allah, t he Exalt ed, says,

び⊥モ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ノ∠ ッ ͡ や∠ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲｚ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We had already forbidden (ot her) fost er suckling mot hers for him) ぴ28:12び Then, his sist er came and said,

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ろ ∃ ∇Βよ∠ モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ぁャキ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥エダ ͡ ⇒∠ル (Shall I direct you t o a household who will rear him for you, and look aft er him in a good manner) ぴ28:12び She meant , "Shall I guide you t o someone who can nurse him for you for a fee'' So she t ook him and t hey went wit h her t o his real mot her. When her breast was present ed t o him, he t ook it and t hey (Fir` awn's family) were ext remely happy for t his. Thus, t hey hired her t o nurse him and she achieved great happiness and comfort because of him, in t his life and even more so in t he Hereaft er. Allah, t he Exalt ed, says here,

び∠ラゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅヰ⊥レ∇Βハ ∠ ゲｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ヴ∠ミ マ ∠ ョあ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇バィ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So We rest ored you t o your mot her, t hat she might cool her eyes and she should not grieve.) This means t hat she should not grieve over you.

び⇔ゅジ∇ヘル∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Then you killed man,) This means t hat he killed a Copt ic person (t he people of Egypt , Fir` awn's people).

びあユピ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∠マ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ｚ ∠レ∠プぴ (but We saved you from great dist ress) This is what he was feeling due t o Fir` awn's family int ending t o kill him. So he fled from t hem unt il he came t o t he wat er of t he people of Madyan. This is when t he right eous man said t o him,

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ れ ∠ ∇ヲイ ∠ ル∠ ∇ブガ ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (Fear you not . You have escaped from t he people who are wrongdoers.) ぴ28:25び

ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ぁャキ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボわ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇カぺ⊥ ヴ͡ゼ∇ヨゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ ラ ∠ ゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅヰ⊥レ∇Βハ ∠ ゲｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ヴ∠ミ マ ∠ ョあ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇バィ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠

ろ ∠ ∇んら͡ ヤ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ルヲ⊥わプ⊥ マ ∠ ⇒ｚレわ∠ プ∠ ヱ∠ ユあ ピ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∠マ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ｚ ∠レ∠プ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ - ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ ケ∃ ギ∠ ホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ｚユを⊥ リ ∠ Α∠ ∇ギョ∠ モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡レシ ͡ ヴ͡わ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥カぺ∠ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ょワ∠ ∇クや - ヴ͡ジ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇バレ∠ ト ∠ ∇タや∠ヱ ヴ∠ピデ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠らワ∠ ∇クや - ン͡ゲ∇ミク͡ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠Βレ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ び ヴ∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚ∠バャｚ ゅ⇔レあΒャｚ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ∠ ヲ⊥ボプ∠ (40. Then you st ayed a number of years wit h t he people of Madyan. Then you came here according t o t he fixed t erm which I ordained (for you), O Musa!) (41. And I have chosen you for Myself.) (42. Go you and your brot her wit h My Ayat , and do not , you bot h, slacken and become weak in My remembrance.) (43. Go bot h of you t o Fir` awn, verily, he has t ransgressed.) (44. And speak t o him mildly, perhaps he may accept admonit ion or fear (Allah).)

Choosing Musa to go to Fir` awn and to be Soft and Gentle in His Invitation Allah, t he Exalt ed, says in His address t o Musa t hat he had lived among t he people of Madyan, avoiding Fir` awn and his chiefs. He worked as a shepherd for his fat her-in-law unt il t he appoint ed t ime for his work ended. Then he met t he decree of Allah and His predet ermined will, wit hout him having any set appoint ment . This ent ire sit uat ion was under t he cont rol of Allah, Blessed be He, t he Most High. He compels His servant s and His creat ures t o what ever end He wills. This is why Allah says,

びヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ ケ∃ ギ∠ ホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then You came here according t o t he fixed t erm which I ordained (for you), O Musa!) Muj ahid said, "For a set appoint ment .'' ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Ma` mar report ed from Qat adah t hat he said,

びヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ ケ∃ ギ∠ ホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then You came here according t o t he fixed t erm which I ordained (for you), O Musa!) "For t he decree of messengership and prophet hood.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ヴ͡ジ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇バレ∠ ト ∠ ∇タや∠ヱぴ (And I have chosen you for Myself.) This means, "I have chosen you and select ed you t o be a Messenger for Myself. This is as I wish and according t o My will.'' Concerning t he Tafsir of t his Ayah, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヵ͡グャｚや ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ :ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョヱ∠ ュ⊥ キ∠ へ ヴ∠ボわ∠ ∇ャや» :ュ⊥ キ∠ へ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ろ ∠ ∇Βボ∠ ∇セぺ∠ ポ ∠ ゅ∠ヘト ∠ ∇タや∠ヱ ヮ͡ わ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠シゲ͡ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ポ ∠ ゅ∠ヘト ∠ ∇タや ヵ͡グャｚや ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨∠りや∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨ヶ͡レボ∠ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ⇔よヲ⊥わ∇ムョ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ギィ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ «ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ュ⊥ キ∠ へ ア ｚエ ∠ プ∠ (Adam and Musa met , and Musa said, "You are t he one who made t hings difficult for mankind and you caused t hem t o be evict ed from Paradise.'' Adam said, "Are you t he one whom Allah chose for His Message, and He select ed you for Himself and He revealed t he Tawrah t o you'' Musa replied, "Yes.'' Then Adam said, "Did you find t hat it was preordained upon me before He (Allah) creat ed me'' Musa replied, "Yes.'' Therefore, Adam defeat ed Musa's argument .) Bot h AlBukhari and Muslim recorded t his narrat ion. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びヴ͡わ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥カぺ∠ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ょワ∠ ∇クやぴ (Go you and your brot her wit h My Ayat ,) This means wit h My proofs, evidences and miracles.

びン͡ゲ∇ミク͡ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠Βレ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And do not , you bot h, slacken and become weak in My remembrance.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah relat ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "This means do not be slow.'' Muj ahid report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "This means do not be weak.'' The meaning here is t hat t hey should not slacken in t he remembrance of Allah. Rat her, t hey bot h should remember Allah during t heir meet ing wit h Fir` awn so t hat t he remembrance of Allah can be an aid for t hem against him. The remembrance of Allah would be t heir st rengt h and t heir power t hat would defeat him. Allah's st at ement ;

び ヴ∠ピデ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠らワ∠ ∇クやぴ (Go bot h of you t o Fir` awn, Verily, he has t ransgressed.) means t hat he has rebelled and become haught y and insolent against Allah and he has disobeyed Him.

び ヴ∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚ∠バャｚ ゅ⇔レあΒャｚ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ∠ ヲ⊥ボプ∠ ぴ (And speak t o him mildly, perhaps he may accept admonit ion or fear (Allah).) This Ayah cont ains a great lesson. Even t hough Fir` awn was t he most insolent and arrogant of people and

Musa was t he friend of Allah among His creat ion at t hat t ime, Musa was st ill commanded t o speak t o Fir` awn wit h mildness and soft ness. Therefore, t heir invit at ion t o him was wit h gent le, soft and easy speech t hat is used by one who is a close friend. This is so t hat t he message may have more effect on t he souls, and so it would have deeper and more beneficial result s. This is as Allah, t he Exalt ed, says,

る͡ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや る͡ ヌ ∠ハ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡ャま͡ ネ ⊥ ∇キやぴ び⊥リジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰ∇ャギ͡ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ (Invit e (mankind) t o t he way of your Lord wit h wisdom and fair preaching, and argue wit h t hem in a way t hat is bet t er.) ぴ16:125び Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びヴ∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚ∠バャｚぴ (perhaps he may accept admonit ion or fear (Allah). ) This means t hat perhaps he will recant from t hat which he is in of misguidance and dest ruct ion,

びヴ∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or he will fear) meaning t hat he will become obedient due t o fear of Allah. This is as Allah says,

び⇔やケヲ⊥ムセ ⊥ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∠ ミｚ グｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャあぴ (For such who desires t o remember or desires t o show his grat it ude.) ぴ25:62び Thus, t o remember means t o recant from t hat which is dangerous, and fear means t o at t ain obedience.

ラ∠ぺ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヅ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ヘΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ フ ⊥ ゅ∠ガル∠ ゅ∠レルｚ ま͡ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ - ン∠ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇シぺ∠ べ∠ヨム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヴ͡レルｚ ま͡ べ∠プゅ∠ガゎ∠ Ι ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ヴ∠ピ∇トΑ∠ ヴ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠レバ∠ ョ∠ ∇モシ ͡ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ Ι ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅｚル͡ま Ι ∠ ヲ⊥ボプ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠Β͡ゎ∇ほ∠プ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リあョ る∃ Α∠ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇よグあ バ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ べ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇ギホ∠ ゅｚル͡ま - ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ⊥ ⇒∠ヤジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ び ヴｚャヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∠ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠

(45. Bot h of t hem said: "Our Lord! Verily, we fear lest he should hast en t o punish us or lest he should t ransgress.'') (46. He (Allah) said: "Fear not , verily, I am wit h you bot h, hearing and seeing.'') (47. "So go you bot h t o him, and say: 'Verily, we are bot h Messengers of your Lord, so let t he Children of Israel go wit h us, and t orment t hem not ; indeed, we have come wit h a sign from your Lord! And peace will be upon him who follows t he guidance!'') (48. ` Truly, it has been revealed t o us t hat t he t orment will be for him who denies, and t urns away.` '')

Musa's fear of Fir` awn and Allah's strengthening Him Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs t hat Musa and Harun pleaded t o Allah, expressing t heir grievance t o him:

びヴ∠ピ∇トΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヅ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ヘΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ フ ⊥ ゅ∠ガル∠ ゅ∠レルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, we fear lest he should hast en t o punish us or lest he should t ransgress.) They meant t hat Fir` awn might seize t hem unexpect edly wit h a punishment , or t ransgress against t hem by t orment ing t hem, when t hey act ually did not deserve it . Ad-Dahhak report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said t hat t ransgress here means, "To exceed t he bounds.''

び ン∠ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇シぺ∠ べ∠ヨム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヴ͡レルｚ ま͡ べ∠プゅ∠ガゎ∠ Ι ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He (Allah) said: "Fear not , verily, I am wit h you bot h, hearing and seeing.'') meaning; "Do not fear him (Fir` awn), for verily, I am wit h you and I hear your speech and his speech as well. I see your place and I see his place as well. Not hing is hidden from Me of your affair. Know t hat his forehead is in My Hand, and he does not speak, breat he, or use any force, except by My leave and aft er My command. I am wit h you by My prot ect ion, My help and My support .''

び∠マよあ ケ∠ Ι ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅｚル͡ま Ι ∠ ヲ⊥ボプ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠Β͡ゎ∇ほ∠プぴ (So go you bot h t o him, and say: "Verily, we are bot h Messengers of your Lord...'')

Musa admonishes Fir` awn Concerning his st at ement ,

び∠マよあ ケｚ リあョ る∃ Α∠ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (indeed, We have come wit h a sign from your Lord!) meaning wit h evidence and a miracle from your Lord.

びン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ⊥ ⇒∠ヤジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ

(And peace will be upon him who follows t he guidance!) meaning, ` peace be upon you if you follow t he guidance.' Because of t his, when t he Messenger of Allah wrot e a let t er t o Heraclius, t he emperor of Rome, beginning wit h,

ぶ ͡ やメ ͡ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ∩͡ユΒ͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ぶ ͡ や ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ » ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ュゅ∠ヤ∠シ ∩͡ュヱぁゲャや ユ͡ Β͡ヌハ ∠ モ ∠ ∇ホゲ∠ ワ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∩͡ュゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや る͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ハギ͡ よ͡ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇キぺ∠ ヶあルみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ギ∇バよ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ ∩ンギ⊥ヰ∇ャや «リ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚ ョ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ やマ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユヤ∠∇ジゎ∠ ∇ユヤ͡∇シほ∠プ∠ (In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful. From Muhammad, t he Messenger of Allah, t o Heraclius t he emperor of Rome. Peace be upon him who follows t he guidance. Thus, t o proceed: Verily, I invit e you wit h t he invit at ion of Islam. So accept Islam and you will be safe, and Allah will give you a double reward.) Due t o t his, Musa and Harun said t o Fir` awn,

ヴ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠レバ∠ ョ∠ ∇モシ ͡ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ Ι ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅｚル͡ま Ι ∠ ヲ⊥ボプ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠Β͡ゎ∇ほ∠プぴ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リあョ る∃ Α∠ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇よグあ バ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ べ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇ギホ∠ ゅｚル͡ま - ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ⊥ ⇒∠ヤジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ び ヴｚャヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∠ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ (And peace will be upon him who follows t he guidance! Truly, it has been revealed t o us t hat t he t orment will be for him who denies, and t urns away.) In His flawless revelat ion, Allah has revealed t o us t hat t orment is prepared exclusively for t hose who rej ect t he signs of Allah and t urn away from His obedience. As Allah says,

ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ - ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ を∠ や￢∠ヱ - ヴ∠ピデ ∠ リ∠ョ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ び ン∠ヱ∇ほヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ユ∠ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや (Then for him who t ransgressed all bounds, and preferred t he life of t his world, Verily, his abode will be Hellfire.) ぴ79:37-39び Allah, t he Exalt ed, also says,

- ヴ∠ボ∇セΙ ｘやΙ ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰ⇒∠ヤ∇ダΑ∠ Ι ∠ - ヴｚヌヤ∠ゎ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ぴ び ヴｚャヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ン͡グャｚや

(Therefore I have warned you of a blazing Fire. None shall ent er it save t he most wret ched. Who denies and t urns away.) ぴ92:14-16び Allah also says,

び ヴｚャヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ - ヴｚヤタ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ベ ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So he neit her believed nor prayed! But on t he cont rary, he belied and t urned away.) ぴ75:3132び This means t hat he denied wit h his heart and t urned away by his act ions.

ヴ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よぁ ケｚ リ∠ヨプ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ゅ∠よ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ン∠ギ∠ワ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ￢∃ ヴ∠セ ｚモミ⊥ モ ぁツ ͡ Α∠ Ι ｚ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ ヴあよケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや び ヴ∠ジレ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ (49. Fir` awn said: "Who t hen, O Musa, is t he Lord of you t wo'') (50. ぴMusaび said: "Our Lord is He Who gave t o each t hing it s form and nat ure, t hen guided it aright .'') (51. ぴFir` awnび said: "What about t he generat ions of old'') (52. ぴMusaび said: "The knowledge t hereof is wit h my Lord, in a Record. My Lord neit her errs nor forget s.''

The Conversation between Musa and Fir` awn Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs about Fir` awn t hat he said t o Musa, in his rej ect ion of t he exist ence of a Supreme Maker and Creat or, Who is t he God of everyt hing and his own Lord and Owner:

びヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よぁ ケｚ リ∠ヨ∠プぴ (Who t hen, O Musa, is t he Lord of you t wo) meaning "Who is t he one who called you fort h and sent you For verily, I do not know him and I have not given you any god ot her t han myself.''

び ン∠ギワ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ￢∃ ヴ∠セ ｚモミ⊥ ヴ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ((Musa) said: "Our Lord is He Who gave t o each t hing it s form and nat ure, t hen guided it aright .'') ` Ali bin Abi Talhah relat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "He is saying t hat He creat ed a mat e for everyt hing.'' Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "He made t he man a man, and t he donkey a donkey and t he sheep a sheep.'' Layt h bin Abi Sulaym report ed from Muj ahid t hat he said, "He gave everyt hing it s form.'' Ibn Abi Naj ih said t hat Muj ahid said, "He fashioned t he creat ion of every moving creat ure.'' Sa` id bin Jubayr said concerning His st at ement ,

びン∠ギワ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ￢∃ ヴ∠セ ｚモミ⊥ ヴ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ぴ ((Who) gave t o each t hing it s form and nat ure, t hen guided it aright .) "He gave each of His creat ures what is suit able for it s creat ion.'' Therefore, He did not give man t he form of a wild

beast , nor did He give wild beast s t he form of t he dog. Likewise, t he dog's form is not like t he sheep's. He also gave creat ure a suit able spouse, and He influenced everyt hing t owards t hat mat e. There is no species of creat ion t hat is exact ly like anot her species. They are different in t heir act ions, t heir forms, t heir sust enance and t heir mat ing. Some of t he scholars of Tafsir have said t hat t his st at ement , "He gave t o each t hing it s form and nat ure, t hen guided it aright ,'' is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び ン∠ギヰ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And Who has measured; and t hen guided.) ぴ87:3び This means He measured out an ordained amount (of sust enance, act ions, et c.) and t hen guided His creat ures t o it . He wrot e t he deeds, t he appoint ed t imes of deat h and t he provisions. Then, t he creat ures t raverse upon t hat and t hey are not able t o avoid it , nor are t hey able t o abandon it . In t his Ayah Musa is saying t hat our Lord is t he One Who creat ed t he creat ion, measured out it s ordainment and compelled t he creat ures t o t hat which He want ed.

び ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ゅ∠よ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ((Fir` awn) said: "What about t he generat ions of old'') The most correct opinion concerning t he meaning of t his, is t hat when Musa informed Fir` awn t hat his Lord Who sent him is t he One Who creat es, sust ains, ordains and guides, Fir` awn began t o argue, using t he previous generat ions as a proof. He was referring t o t hose people of old who did not worship Allah. In ot her words, "If t he mat t er is as you say, t hen what happened t o t hose people They did not worship your Lord. Inst ead t hey worshipped ot her gods besides Him.'' Musa said t o him, in response t o t his, t hat if t hey did not worship Allah, t hen Allah knows precisely what happened t o t hem and He will give t hem j ust recompense for t heir deeds, as is writ t en in Allah's Book (of decrees). This Book is called Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz (The Preserved Tablet ) and it is t he Book of Deeds.

びヴ∠ジレ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ モ ぁツ ͡ Α∠ Ι ｚぴ (My Lord neit her errs nor forget s.) This means t hat not hing eludes Him and He does not miss anyt hing, whet her it is small or great . He does not forget anyt hing and His Most Exalt ed knowledge is described as encompassing everyt hing. Blessed be He, t he Exalt ed, t he Most Holy and free of any imperfect ions. The knowledge t hat creat ures have has t wo deficiencies. The first is t hat it does not complet ely encompass anyt hing, and t he second is t hat t he creat ure is prone t o forget aft er knowing. Therefore, Allah has declared Himself above such deficiencies.

ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠シ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ギ∇ヰョ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ ゅ⇔ィや∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カほ∠プ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ Κ ⇔ ら⊥ シ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヨ∠ ⇒∠バ∇ルぺ∠ や∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ - ヴｚわセ ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠らルｚ リあョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ - ヴ∠ヰレぁ ャや ヴ͡ャ∇ヱｘΙ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΕ マ ∠ ャ͡ク

ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠ゎ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガル⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バル⊥ び ヴ∠よ∠ぺ∠ヱ ゆ ∠ グｚ ム∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤｚミ⊥ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ (53. Who has made eart h for you like a bed; and has opened ways for you t herein, and has sent down wat er (rain) from t he sky. And We have brought fort h wit h it various kinds of veget at ion.) (54. Eat and past ure your cat t le; verily, in t his are Ayat for men of underst anding.) (55. Thereof We creat ed you, and int o it We shall ret urn you, and from it We shall bring you out once again.) (56. And indeed We showed him (Fir` awn) all Our Ayat , but he denied and refused.)

The Completion of Musa's Reply to Fir` awn This is from t he complet ion of Musa's speech concerning t he descript ion of His Lord when Fir` awn asked him about Him. He (Musa) said,

びン∠ギワ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ￢∃ ヴ∠セ ｚモミ⊥ ヴ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (He Who gave t o each t hing it s form and nat ure, t hen guided it aright .) Then, Fir` awn at t empt ed t o present some argument at ive rebut t al during Musa's reply. Yet , Musa cont inued by saying, "He is t he One Who made t he eart h as a bed for you.'' Some recit ed t he word as Mihadan and ot hers recit ed it as Mahdan, which means ` a place of rest t hat you set t le down upon.' It also may mean ` t hat which you st and upon, sleep upon or t ravel upon it s back.'

び⇔Κら⊥ シ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠シ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and has opened ways for you t herein.) This means, ` He made roads for you t o walk upon t heir shoulders.' This is j ust as He, t he Exalt ed, said,

び∠ラヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚ∠バャｚ Κ ⇔ ら⊥ シ ⊥ ゅ⇔ィゅ∠イプ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And placed t herein broad highways for t hem t o pass t hrough, t hat t hey may be guided.) ぴ21:31び

リあョ ゅ⇔ィや∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カほ∠プ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ びヴｚわセ ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠らルｚ (and has sent down wat er from t he sky. And We have brought fort h wit h it various kinds of veget at ion.) referring t o t he various species of plant s, such as veget at ion and fruit s. Some are sour, some are sweet , some are bit t er and t here are ot her kinds as well.

び∇ユム⊥ ヨ∠ ⇒∠バ∇ルぺ∠ や∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ぴ (Eat and past ure your cat t le (t herein);) meaning, ` somet hing t hat is food for you and a palat able fruit for you, and somet hing t hat is for your cat t le as fodder for t hem, bot h green and dry.'

び∃ろ⇒∠ΑΕ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t his are Ayat .) This means proofs, signs and evidences.

びヴ∠ヰレぁ ャや ヴ͡ャ∇ヱｘΙぴ (for men of underst anding.) meaning t hose who possess correct and upright int elligence realizing t hat t here is no god wort hy of worship except Allah, and t here is no t rue Lord ot her t han Him.

り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠ゎ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガル⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バル⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ぴ び ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ (Thereof We creat ed you, and int o it we shall ret urn you, and from it We shall bring you out once again.) meaning, ` t he eart h is your beginning. For your fat her, Adam, was creat ed wit h dirt from t he surface of t he eart h. You also will be ret urned t o t he eart h. This means t hat you will become dirt when you die and decay.' The st at ement , "And from it We shall bring you out once again,'' means,

ラ͡ま ラ ∠ ヲぁレヌ ⊥ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジわ∠ プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャｚ (On t he Day when He will call you, and you will answer wit h His praise and obedience, and you will t hink t hat you have st ayed (in t his world) but a lit t le while!) ぴ17:52び This Ayah is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ∠ ∇ガゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎヲヨ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び (He said: "Therein you shall live, and t herein you shall die, and from it you shall be brought out .'') ぴ7:25び

Musa showed Fir` awn all of the Signs but He did not believe Concerning Allah's statement,

び ヴ∠よ∠ぺ∠ヱ ゆ ∠ グｚ ム∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤｚミ⊥ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや￢∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed We showed him (Fir` awn) all Our Ayat , but he denied and refused.) This means t hat t he proofs, signs and evi- dences were est abli- shed against Fir` awn and he saw t hem wit h his own eyes, but he st ill denied and rej ec- t ed t hem due t o his disbelief, abst inence and t ransgression. This is as Allah, t he Exalt ed, says,

び⇔やヲ∂ ヤ⊥ハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヰ∇わレ∠ ボ∠ ∇Βわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠エ∠ィ∠ヱぴ (And t hey belied t hem wrongfully and arrogant ly, t hough t hey t hemselves were convinced t hereof.) ぴ27:14び

ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エジ ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レッ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガわ⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョあ ゲ∃ ∇エジ ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ レｚ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほレ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ - ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ ン⇔ヲシ ⊥ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヮ⊥ ヘ⊥ ヤ͡∇ガル⊥ Ι ｚ や⇔ギ͡ハ∇ヲョ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ る͡ レ∠ Αあゴャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ び ヴ⇔エッ ⊥ (57. He (Fir` awn) said: "Have you come t o drive us out of our land wit h your magic, O Musa'') (58. "Then verily, we can produce magic t he like t hereof; so appoint a meet ing bet ween us and you, which neit her we nor you shall fail t o keep, in an open place where bot h shall have a j ust and equal chance.'') (59. (Musa) said: "Your appoint ed meet ing is t he day of t he fest ival, and let t he people assemble when t he sun has risen (forenoon).'')

Fir` awn describes Musa's Proofs as being Magic and Their Agreement to hold a Contest Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs of what Fir` awn said t o Musa when he showed him t he great proof. This great sign t o Fir` awn was Musa cast ing down his st ick which became a huge snake, and his pulling his hand out from under his arm while it was glowing whit e wit hout any illness. At t his, Fir` awn said, "This is magic t hat you have brought t o us t o bewit ch us and conquer t he people, so t hat t hey will follow you. Then you will out number us.'' Fir` awn t hen said, "Your plan will not work. We have magic j ust like yours, so do not let yourself be deceived by t hat what you are doing.''

び⇔やギ͡ハ∇ヲョ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プぴ (so appoint a meet ing bet ween us and you,) Meaning, ` a day t hat we can come t oget her t o present some of our magic t o confront yours. It will be at a specified place and t ime.' Wit h t his, Musa said t o t hem,

び͡るレ∠ Αあゴャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ぴ (Your appoint ed meet ing is t he day of fest ival,) That was t he day of t heir celebrat ion and t heir New Year's fest ivit y. It was a holiday for t hem when t hey t ook vacat ion from t heir work and came t oget her for a large gat hering. This day was select ed so t hat all of t he people could wit ness t he power of Allah t o do what ever He wills. They would see t he miracles of t he prophet s and t he fut ilit y of magic t o cont est t he supernat ural prophet ic powers. This is why Musa said,

び⊥サゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (and let t he people assemble) meaning all of t hem.

びヴ⇔エッ ⊥ ぴ (when t he sun has risen (forenoon).) meaning in t he morning, j ust before noon. In t his way t he cont est will be most visible, well lit , apparent and obvious in plain view. This is t he way of t he Prophet s. Their work is always clear and apparent . It is never somet hing hidden, or somet hing for sale. This is why he did not say t hat t he meet ing should be at night , but rat her, it was t o be held during t he bright part of t he day. Ibn ` Abbas said, "The day of t heir fest ivit y was t he day of ` Ashura'.'' As-Suddi, Qat adah and Ibn Zayd said, "It was t he day of t heir great celebrat ion.'' Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "It was t he day of t heir great bazzar.'' These st at ement s are not cont radict ory. I say t hat Allah dest royed Fir` awn and his armies on a day similar t o t his, j ust as is confirmed in t he Sahih. ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, "It was a flat place where all of t he people were on t he same level, having an equal view of t he event . There was not hing t here t hat would obst ruct t he view so t hat some people could see what ot hers did not .''

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ノ∠ ヨ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヴｚャ∠ヲ∠わ∠プぴ ユ⊥ムわ∠ エ ͡ ∇ジΒ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔よ͡グミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠∇Αヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲぁョ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハゴ∠ ⇒∠レわ∠ プ∠ - ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや リ ͡ ョ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠カ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ラ ͡ ゲ∠ ェ ͡ ゅ∠ジャ∠ ラ ͡ グ∠ ⇒ワ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ン∠ヲ∇イレｚ ャや ∇やヱぁゲシ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇エジ ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ッ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ィゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ラ ͡ や∠ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥

ｚユを⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ ∇ィほ∠プ∠ - ヴ∠ヤ∇んヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ わ͡ ボ∠ Α͡ゲト ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠らワ∠ ∇グΑ∠ ヱ∠ び ヴ∠ヤ∇バわ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ∂ タ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥わ∇もや (60. So Fir` awn wit hdrew, devised his plot and t hen came back.) (61. Musa said t o t hem: "Woe unt o you! Invent not a lie against Allah, lest He should dest roy you complet ely by a t orment . And surely, he who invent s a lie (against Allah) will fail miserably.'') (62 Then t hey debat ed one wit h anot her what t hey must do, and t hey kept t heir t alk secret .) (63. They said: "Verily, t hese are t wo magicians. Their obj ect is t o drive you out from your land wit h magic, and t o t ake you away from your exemplary way.'') (64. "So devise your plot , and t hen assemble in line. And whoever overcomes t his day will be indeed successful.'')

The Meeting of the Two Parties, Musa's Propagation of the Message and the Magicians Allah, t he Exalt ed informs t hat when Fir` awn and Musa agreed t o an appoint ed meet ing at a specified place and t ime, Fir` awn began t o gat her some magicians from t he cit ies of his kingdom. Every person who had any affiliat ion wit h magic at t hat t ime was summoned, and magic was very widespread and in demand at t hat t ime. This is as Allah says,

び ユ∃ Β͡ヤハ ∠ ゲ∃ エ ͡ ⇒∠シ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥わ∇もや ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And Fir` awn said: "Bring me every well-versed sorcerer.'') ぴ10:79び Then, t he day came. It was t he day when all of t he people gat hered, which was well-known, being t he day of t he fest ival. Fir` awn was t here sit t ing upon his t hrone surrounded by t he elit e officials of his kingdom. The subj ect s were all st anding on his right and his left . Then, Musa came forward leaning upon his st ick accompanied by his brot her Harun. The magicians were st anding in front of Fir` awn in rows and he was prodding t hem, incit ing t hem and encouraging t hem t o do t heir best on t his day. They want ed t o please him and he was promising t hem and inspiring t hem. They said,

や⇔ゲ∇ィΙ ∂ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ラ ｚ ま͡ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ り⊥ ゲ∠ エ ∠ジ ｚ ャや ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャｚ や⇔ク͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡らヤ͡⇒∠ピ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ラ͡ま びリ ∠ Β͡よゲｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Will t here surely be a reward for us if we are t he winners He (Fir` awn) said: "Yes, and you shall t hen verily be of t hose brought near (t o myself).'') ぴ26:41-42び

び⇔ゅよ͡グミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠∇Αヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲぁョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (Musa said t o t hem: "Woe unt o you! Invent not a lie against Allah...'') This means, "Do not make an illusion before t he people of somet hing t hat is not real, making it appear as if it were a creat ure, when it is not really a creat ure. If you do t his, t hen you would be lying on Allah.''

び∃ゆや∠グバ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ム∠わ͡エ∇ジΒ⊥ ∠プぴ (lest He (Allah) should dest roy you complet ely by a t orment .) This means, ` He will dest roy you wit h a dest ruct ive punishment t hat will not spare anyt hing, or anyone.'

び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハゴ∠ ⇒∠レわ∠ プ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや リ ͡ ョ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠カ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ("...And surely, he who invent s a lie will fail miserably.'' Then t hey debat ed one wit h anot her what t hey must do,) It has been said t hat t his means t hat t hey argued among t hemselves. So one of t hem said, "This is not t he speech of a magician, but it is t he speech of a Prophet .'' Anot her said, "No, he is only a magician.'' There are ot her opinions t hat have been ment ioned about what t hey discussed. And Allah knows best . Allah's st at ement ,

びン∠ヲ∇イレｚ ャや ∇やヱぁゲ∠シ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (and t hey kept t heir t alk secret .) means, t hey held secret counsel among t hemselves about t his mat t er.

び͡ラゲ∠ ェ ͡ ゅ∠ジャ∠ ラ ͡ グ∠ ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "Verily, t hese are t wo ぴHadhanび magicians...'') This is a way of speaking wit h some of t he Arabs and t his Ayah has been recit ed according t o t he grammar of t heir dialect . There are also ot hers who recit e it as, (ｚラま͡ リ ͡ ∇Αグ∠ ワ∠ ラ ͡ や∠ゲェ ͡ ゅ∠ジャ∠) Which carries t he same meaning, "Verily, t hese are t wo ぴHadhaynび magicians.'' This is t he popular st yle of language in Arabic grammar. The grammarians have ext ensive discussions in reply t o t he first recit at ion and it s grammat ical explanat ion, but t his is not t he place for such a discussion. The main point is t hat t he magicians said among t hemselves, "You all know t hat t his man and his brot her (Musa and Harun) are t wo knowledgeable magicians who are quit e aware of t he skill of magic. They want t o defeat you and your people t oday and conquer t he people, causing t he masses t o follow t hem. They want t o fight against Fir` awn and his armies, and t hey are seeking vict ory over him. And t heir ult imat e goal is t o expel you from your land.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びヴ∠ヤ∇んヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ わ͡ ボ∠ Α͡ゲト ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠らワ∠ ∇グΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t o t ake you away from your exemplary way.) This means, ` t hey want t o expose t his way (of yours) openly, which is magic.' For verily, t hey were considered great because of t heir magic. They had wealt h and sust enance because of t his magic. They were act ually saying, "If t hese t wo (Musa and Harun) are vict orious, t hey will dest roy you and expel you from your land. In doing so, t hey will be t he first individuals t o do so, and t hey will be given great power of leadership wit hout you.'' Ibn ` Abbas ment ioned concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びヴ∠ヤ∇んヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ わ͡ ボ∠ Α͡ゲト ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠らワ∠ ∇グΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and t o t ake you away from your exemplary way. ) "This means t heir kingdom, which t hey were in, and t heir livelihood.'' ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd said, "This superior way means t hat which t hey were upon.''

び⇔ゅヘ∂ タ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥わ∇もや ｚユを⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヲバ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ィほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So devise your plot , and assemble in line.) This means, "All of you come t oget her in one row, and t hrow t hat which is in your hands at one t ime in order t o dazzle t he eyes (of t he people) and defeat t his man and his brot her.''

びヴ∠ヤ∇バわ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever overcomes t his day will be indeed successful.) meaning "Bet ween you and us. As for us (t he magicians), we have been promised t o be given an abundance of power and sovereignt y. And in reference t o him (Musa), He will gain great leadership.''

メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムルｚ ラ∠ぺ べｚョま͡ヱ∠ ヴ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ヤゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ べｚョま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ Βぁ ダ ͡ ハ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠らェ ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇モよ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヴ͡プ ザ ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ - ヴ∠バ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇エシ ͡ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ⊥ ｚΒガ ∠ Α⊥ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ブガ ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ - ヴ∠シヲぁョ る⇔ ヘ∠ Β͡カ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ∇やヲ⊥バレ∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ブボ∠ ∇ヤゎ∠ マ ∠ レ͡ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ペ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ - ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ｘや ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ゲ⊥ エ ͡ ⇒ｚジャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ェ ͡ ゅ∠シ ギ⊥ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バレ∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ へ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ や⇔ギｚイシ ⊥ り⊥ ゲ∠ エ ∠ジ ｚ ャや ヴ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャほ⊥プ∠ - ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ び ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ (65. They said: "O Musa! Eit her you t hrow first or we be t he first t o t hrow'') (66. ぴMusaび said: "Nay, t hrow you (first )!'' Then behold! t heir ropes and t heir st icks, by t heir magic, appeared t o him as t hough t hey moved fast .) (67. So Musa conceived fear in himself.) (68. We (Allah) said: "Fear not ! Surely, you will have t he upper hand.'') (69. "And t hrow t hat which is in your right hand! It will swallow up t hat which t hey have made. That which t hey have made is only a magician's t rick, and t he magician will never be successful, t o what ever amount (of skill) he may at t ain.'') (70. So t he magicians fell down prost rat e. They said: "We believe in t he Lord of Harun and Musa.'')

The Competition, Musa's Victory, and the Magician's Faith

Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs about t he magicians when t hey met Musa, t hat t hey said t o Musa,

び∠ヴボ͡ ∇ヤゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ べｚョま͡ぴ ("Eit her you t hrow first ...'') meaning, "you go first .''

び∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇モよ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムルｚ ラ∠ぺ べｚョま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ("...or we be t he first t o t hrow'' (Musa) said: "Nay, t hrow you (first )!'') This means, ` you magicians should go first so t hat we can see what magic you are going t o perform and so t hat t he t rue st at e of t heir affair will become obvious t o t he people.'

∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇エシ ͡ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ⊥ ｚΒガ ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ Βぁ ダ ͡ ハ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠らェ ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ びヴ∠バ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ぺ∠ (Then behold! t heir ropes and t heir st icks, by t heir magic, appeared t o him as t hough t hey moved fast .) In anot her Ayah it says t hat when t hey t hrew,

び∠ラヲ⊥らヤ͡⇒∠ピ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇エレ∠ ャ∠ ゅルｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ∠ハ∇ゲプ͡ り͡ ゴｚ バ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (Then said: "By t he might of Fir` awn, it is we who will cert ainly win!'') ぴ26:44び And Allah, t he Exalt ed, says,

ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇ゲわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲエ ∠シ ∠ぴ び∃ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ゲ∃ ∇エジ ͡ よ͡ (They bewit ched t he eyes of t he people, and st ruck t error int o t hem, and t hey displayed a great magic.) ぴ7:116び Here, He says in t his Surah,

∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇エシ ͡ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ⊥ ｚΒガ ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ Βぁ ダ ͡ ハ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠らェ ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ びヴ∠バ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ぺ∠ (Then behold! t heir ropes and t heir st icks, by t heir magic, appeared t o him as t hough t hey moved fast .) They were a large numbered group and each one of t hem t hrew a st ick and a rope unt il t he valley became full of snakes piled on t op of each ot her. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ヴシ ∠ ヲぁョ る⇔ ヘ∠ Β͡カ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ͡プ ザ ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ ぴ

(So Musa conceived fear in himself.) This means t hat he feared for t he people t hat t hey would be t est ed and deceived by t heir magic before he could even have a chance t o t hrow what was in his right hand. Thus, Allah revealed t o him at t he right moment , t o t hrow what was in his right hand, which was t he st ick. When he did so, it swallowed what t hey had made. It became a huge, monst rous creat ure wit h legs, a neck, a head and fangs. It went aft er t hese ropes and st icks unt il none of t hem remained, except t hat it was devoured and swallowed by t his beast . At t he same t ime, t he magicians and all of t he people were wat ching wit h t heir own eyes, seeing t his amazing event in broad daylight . Thus, t he miracle was performed and t he evidence was clear. The t rut h prevailed and t he magic was proven t o be falsehood. This is why Allah said,

ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ゲ⊥ エ ͡ ⇒ｚジャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ェ ͡ ゅ∠シ ギ⊥ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バレ∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ びヴ∠ゎぺ∠ (That which t hey have made is only a magician's t rick, and t he magician will never be successful, t o what ever amount (of skill) he may at t ain.) So when t he magicians saw t he event and wit nessed it wit h t heir own eyes, while t hey were knowledgeable of t he various t ricks and met hods in t he sciences of magic, t hey knew wit h convict ion t hat what Musa had done was not magic or illusionary t ricks. They recognized t hat it was t he t rut h wit hout any doubt . They knew t hat no one had any power t o do t his except for One Who says for a t hing "Be,'' and it is. Therefore, when t his happened, t hey fell down int o prost rat ion t o Allah. They said, "We believe in t he Lord of all t hat exist s, t he Lord of Musa and Harun!'' This is why Ibn ` Abbas and ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr bot h said, "At t he beginning of t he day t hey were magicians and at t he end of t he day t hey were out st anding wit nesses of fait h.'' l

The Number of Magicians Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The magicians were sevent y men who were magicians in t he morning, but wit nesses of fait h by t he t ime evening came.'' Ibn Abi Hat im also report ed t hat Al-Awza'i said, "When t he magicians fell down in prost rat ion, Paradise was raised up before t hem unt il t hey were looking at it .'' It is report ed from Sa` id bin Jubayr t hat he said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔やギｚイシ ⊥ り⊥ ゲ∠ エ ∠ジ ｚ ャや ヴ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャほ⊥プ∠ ぴ (So t he magicians fell down prost rat e.) "They saw t heir places (in Paradise) made clear before t hem while t hey were in t heir prost rat ion.'' ` Ikrimah and Al-Qasim bin Abi Bizzah bot h said t he same.

ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ⊥ Β͡らム∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ク∠ や∠￢ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ョや∠￢ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ リ ｚ バ∠ ト あ ホ∠ Ζ ⊥ プ∠ ゲ∠ ∇エジ あ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ ン͡グャｚや リ ｚ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇ガレｚ ャや ネ ͡ ヱ⊥グィ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ら∠ ヤあタ ∠ Ε ⊥ ヱ∠ フ ∃ Κ ∠カ ͡ ∇リョあ

ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ を͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ヴ∠ボ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠レΑぁ ぺ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ヂ ͡ ∇ホゅ∠プ ゅ∠ルゲ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚレョ∠ へ べｚル͡ま - べ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡ツ∇ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ チ ∃ ゅ∠ホ リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ワゲ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠レ⇒∠Β⇒∠トカ ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レよあ ゲ∠ よ͡ び ヴ∠ボ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ∇エジ あ ャや (71. (Fir` awn) said: "Believe you in him before I give you permission Verily, he is your chief who has t aught you magic. So I will surely cut off your hands and feet on opposit e sides, and I will surely crucify you on t he t runks of dat e palms, and you shall surely know which of us can give t he severe and more last ing t orment . '') (72. They said: "We prefer you not over what have come t o us of t he clear signs and t o Him (Allah) Who creat ed us. So, decree what ever you desire t o decree, for you can only' decree (regarding) t his life of t he world.'') (73. "Verily, we have believed in our Lord, t hat He may forgive us our fault s, and t he magic t o which you did compel us. And Allah is bet t er as regards reward in comparison t o your reward, and more last ing.'')

Fir` awn's turning against the Magicians, His threatening Them and Their Reply Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs of Fir` awn's disbelief, obst inance, t ransgression and haught iness against t he t rut h in favor of falsehood. When he saw what he saw of t he magnificent miracle and t he great sign, and he saw t hose whose help he sought accept fait h in t he presence of all of t he people, and he was absolut ely defeat ed, he began t o behave arrogant ly and cast accusat ions. He resort ed t o using his est eemed honor and might against t he magicians. He warned t hem and t hreat ened t hem saying,

び⊥ヮャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ョや∠￢ぴ (Believe you in him (Musa)) This means, "Do you have fait h in him''

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ク∠ や∠￢ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ぴ (before I give you permission) meaning, "I have not commanded you t o do so, by which you have rebelled against me.'' Then he said a st at ement t hat he, t he magicians and all creat ures knew was a forgery and an ut t er lie.

び∠ゲ∇エジ あ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ヨ∠ ｚヤハ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ⊥ Β͡らム∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ

(Verily, he is your chief who has t aught you magic.) meaning "You all only t ook your magic from Musa and you have made an agreement wit h him against me and my subj ect s, t hat you would help him be vict orious.'' Allah says in anot her Ayah,

∇やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガわ⊥ ャ͡ る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ⊥ ∇ゲ∠ムョｚ ゲ∀ ∇ムヨ∠ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ べ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ (Surely, t his is a plot which you have plot t ed in t he cit y t o drive out it s people, but you shall come t o know.) ぴ7:123び Then he began t hreat ening t hem. He said t o t hem,

フ ∃ Κ ∠ カ ͡

∇リョあ

∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ リ ｚ バ∠ ト あ ホ∠ Ζ ⊥ プ∠ ぴ び͡モ∇ガレｚ ャや ネ ͡ ヱ⊥グィ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ら∠ ヤあタ ∠ Ε ⊥ ヱ∠

(So I will surely cut off your hands and feet on opposit e sides, and I will surely crucify you on t he t runks of dat e palms,) meaning, "I will cert ainly make an example of you, I will kill you in a public execut ion.'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "Thus, he was t he first person t o ever do t his (public execut ion, crucifixion).'' This was report ed by Ibn Abi Hat im. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びヴ∠ボ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠レΑぁ ぺ∠ リ ｚ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And you shall surely know which of us can give t he severe and more last ing t orment .) This means, "You say t hat my people and I are ast ray and t hat you (magicians), Musa and his people are following correct guidance, but you will come t o know who will be punished and remain punished.'' So when he at t acked wit h t his and t hreat ened t hem, t heir souls eased t hem because of t heir belief in Allah, t he Might y and Sublime. They exclaimed,

び͡ろ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ を͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "We prefer you not over what have come t o us of t he clear signs...'') meaning, "We do not chose you over t he guidance and convict ion t hat we have received. ''

びゅ∠ルゲ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (and t o Him (Allah) Who creat ed us.) It could be t hat t hey were swearing, "By He Who has creat ed us.'' It also could be connect ed in meaning t o t he clear signs ment ioned before it . In t his case it would mean, "We do not prefer you over our Originat or and Creat or, Who produced us from a beginning t hat was not hing. He creat ed us from clay (or mud). Therefore, He alone deserves worship and humilit y and you do not (Fir` awn)!''

び∃チゅ∠ホ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ヂ ͡ ∇ホゅ∠プぴ

(So decree what ever you desire t o decree,) "Do what ever you wish and what ever your hands are able t o achieve.''

びべ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡ツ∇ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (for you can only decree (regarding) t his life of t he world.) meaning, "You only have power in t his world and it is a world t hat will come t o an end. Verily, we are hoping in t he et ernal abode.''

びゅ∠レ⇒∠Β⇒∠トカ ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レよあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ へ べｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, we have believed in our Lord, t hat He may forgive us our fault s,) "What ever evils t hat we did.'' It specifically means, ` which we were forced t o do of magic, in order t o oppose t he sign of Allah and t he miracle of His Prophet .' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ゲ∇エジ あ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ワゲ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and t he magic t o which you compelled us.) "Fir` awn t ook fort y boys from t he Children of Israel and commanded t hat t hey be t aught magic at Al-Farama. He said, ` Teach t hem knowledge t hat no one in t he land knows.''' Ibn ` Abbas t hen said, "They were of t hose who believed in Musa and t hey were of t hose who said,

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ワゲ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠レ⇒∠Β⇒∠トカ ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レよあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ へぴ び͡ゲ∇エジ あ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ (We have believed in our Lord, t hat He may forgive us our fault s, and t he magic t o which you did compel us.)'' ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said t he same. Allah's st at ement ,

びヴ∠ボ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is bet t er as regards reward in comparison t o your reward, and more last ing.) means, "He is bet t er for us t han you.''

びヴ∠ボ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and more last ing.) More last ing in reward t han what you pro- mised us and made us aspire t o. It is apparent t hat Fir` awn (may Allah curse him) was bent upon t heir punishment , and t hat what he did t o t hem was a mercy from Allah for t hem. This is why Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers of t he Salaf said, "They woke up in t hat morning as magicians, but t hey became wit nesses of fait h by t he evening. ''

れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ Ι ∠ ユ∠ レｚヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゅ⇔ョ͡ゲ∇イョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ⇔レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ヴ∠Β∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ろ ⊥ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ - ヴ∠ヤバ⊥ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ィケ∠ ギｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΕ ∠ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ラ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ び ヴｚミゴ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ョ ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ヱ (74. Verily, whoever comes t o his Lord as a criminal, t hen surely, for him is Hell, wherein he will neit her die nor live.) (75. But whoever comes t o Him as a believer, and has done right eous good deeds, for such are t he high ranks,) (76. ` Adn Gardens, under which rivers flow, wherein t hey will abide forever, and such is t he reward of t hose who purify t hemselves.)

The Magicians admonish Fir` awn of t he vengeance of Allah and His et ernal and everlast ing punishment . They also encouraged him t o seek Allah's et ernal and endless reward. They said,

び⇔ゅョ͡ゲ∇イョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, whoever comes t o his Lord as a criminal,) This means, whoever meet s Allah on t he Day of Judgment while being a criminal.

びヴ∠Β∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ Ι ∠ ユ∠ レｚヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (t hen surely, for him is Hell, wherein he will neit her die nor live.) This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

∇リョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ブ ⊥ ｚヘガ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ヨΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ツ∇ボΑ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ び∃ケヲ⊥ヘミ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ や∠グハ ∠ (Neit her will it have a complet e killing effect on t hem so t hat t hey die, nor shall it s t orment be light ened for t hem. Thus do We requit e every disbeliever!) ぴ35:36び Allah also said,

- ン∠ゲ∇らム⊥ ∇ャや ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤ∇ダΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや - ヴ∠ボ∇セΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰら⊥ レｚ イ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ∠Β∇エ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥

(But it will be avoided by t he wret ched, who will ent er t he great Fire. There he will neit her die nor live.) ぴ87:11-13び

∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヂ ͡ ∇ボΒ∠ ャ͡ マ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ヨΑ ∇や∇ヱキ∠ ゅ∠ルヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥んム͡ ⇒ｚョ (And t hey will cry: "O Malik (Keeper of Hell)! Let your Lord made an end of us.'' He will say: "Verily, you shall abide forever.'') ぴ43:77び Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal recorded t hat Abu Sa` id AlKhudri said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠» ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ら⊥ Β͡ダゎ⊥ ∀サゅ∠ルぺ⊥ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ ∩∠ラ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ⊥ ゅ⇔ヨ∇エプ∠ やヱ⊥ケゅ∠タ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ る⇔ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ヨわ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ やヲぁんら⊥ プ∠ ∩∠ゲも͡ ゅ∠らッ ∠ ゲ∠ も͡ ゅ∠らッ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ￢∠ ヶ͡イプ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヘゼ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ やヲ⊥ツΒ͡プぺ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ͡ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ る͡ らｚ エ ͡ ∇ャや れ ∠ ゅ∠らル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わら⊥ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ «モ∇Βジ ｚ ャや (The dwellers of Hellfire, who are t hose who deserve it , t hey will not die in it , nor will t hey be living. Rat her, t hey will be a people who will be punished by t he Fire due t o t heir sins. It will be gradually killing t hem and devouring t hem unt il t hey become burnt coals. Then, int ercession will be allowed and t hey will be brought (out of Hell) group by group and t hey will be spread on t he rivers of Paradise. It will t hen be said, "O people of Paradise, pour (wat er) over t hem.'' Then, t hey will st art t o grow like t he growing of a seed on t he muddy banks of a flowing river.) A man among t he people said, "It is as if t he Messenger of Allah lived in t he desert .'' This is how Muslim recorded t his narrat ion in his Sahih. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ろ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ⇔レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (But whoever comes t o Him (Allah) as a believer, and has done right eous good deeds,) whoever meet s his Lord on t he Day of Judgment as a believer in his heart , t hen verily, his int ent ions in his heart will be affirmed t o be t rue by his st at ement s and deeds.

びヴ∠ヤバ⊥ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ィケ∠ ギｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ

(for such are t he high ranks,) Paradise, which has t he highest levels, t he most t ranquil rooms and t he nicest homes. Imam Ahmad report ed from ` Ubadah bin As-Samit t hat t he Prophet said,

リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ あモミ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ る∃ ィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ る⊥ も∠ ゅ͡ョ る⊥ ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや» ∩⇔るィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ヤ∇ハぺ∠ サ ⊥ ∇ヱキ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ∩ゅ∠ヰホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ス ⊥ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥るバ∠ よ∠ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇ルほ∠∇ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ «サ∇ヱキ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ャや ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ャほ∠∇シゅ∠プ ぶ ∠ や ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ (Paradise has one hundred levels and bet ween each level is a dist ance like t he dist ance bet ween t he sky and t he eart h. Al-Firdaws is t he name of t he highest of it s levels. From it springs t he four rivers and t he Throne is above it . Therefore, when you ask Allah, t hen ask Him for Al-Firdaws.) This narrat ion was also recorded by At -Tirmidhi. In t he Two Sahihs it is recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ∇リョ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Β∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ ΒあΒヤあハ ͡ モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ͡ッ ⊥ ゅ∠ヘわ∠ ャ͡ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ͡ プ⊥ ぺ⊥ ヶ͡プ ゲ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ピ∇ャや ょ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ヲム∠ ∇ャや :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ￢͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや メ ⊥ コ͡ ゅ∠レョ∠ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぶ ͡ や メ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅ∠Α :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ やヲ⊥レョ∠ へ ∀メゅ∠ィ͡ケ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∩ヴヤ∠よ «リΒ͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや やヲ⊥ホギｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ (Verily, t he people of t he ` Illiyyin will see t hose who are above t hem j ust as you see t he fading st ar in t he horizon of t he sky, due t o t he different st at us of virt ue bet ween t hem. ) The people said, "O Messenger of Allah, t hese are t he dwellings of t he Prophet s.'' He replied, (Of course. And I swear by t he One Whom my soul is in His Hand, (it is for) men who had fait h in Allah and t hey believed t he Messengers.) In t he Sunan collect ions t his narrat ion is ment ioned wit h t he addit ional wording,

«ゅ∠ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ムよ∠ ゅ∠よ∠ぺ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ » (And verily Abu Bakr and ` Umar are of t hem and t hey will be most favored.) His saying,

び∃ラ∇ギハ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ぴ (Adn Gardens,) meaning est ablished as a residence. It is merely used here in reference t o t he high ranks ment ioned previously.

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギャ͡ゅ⇒∠カ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ぴ (under which rivers flow, wherein t hey will abide forever,) meaning t hat t hey will abide in it for et ernit y.

びヴｚミゴ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ョ ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ヱぴ (and such is t he reward of t hose who purify t hemselves.) One who purifies himself from dirt , filt h and associat ing part ners wit h Allah. This is t he person who worships Allah alone, wit hout ascribing part ners t o Him, and he follows t he Messengers in t he good t hey came wit h all t hat t hey claim.

ン͡キゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ゲ͡ ∇シぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ フ ⊥ ゅ∠ガゎ∠ Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ジ∠らΑ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲデ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゆゲ͡ ∇ッゅ∠プ ロ͡ キ͡ ヲ⊥レイ ⊥ よ͡ ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ら∠ ∇ゎほ∠プ∠ - ヴ∠ゼ∇ガゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ミ∠ケキ∠ ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ モ ｚッ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ゼ ͡ビ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユあ Β∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ゼ ͡ ピ∠ プ∠ び ン∠ギ∠ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ (77. And indeed We revealed t o Musa: "Travel by night wit h My servant s and st rike a dry pat h for t hem in t he sea, fearing neit her t o be overt aken nor being afraid.'') (78. Then Fir` awn pursued t hem wit h his host s, but t he sea ぴAl-Yammび complet ely overwhelmed t hem and covered t hem up.) (79. And Fir` awn led his people ast ray, and he did not guide t hem.)

The Children of Israel leave Egypt Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs t hat He commanded Musa t o j ourney at night wit h t he Children of Israel, when Fir` awn refused t o release t hem and send t hem wit h Musa. He was t o t ake t hem away from Fir` awn's capt ivit y. Allah expounds upon t his in Surahs ot her t han t his noble Surah. Musa left wit h t he Children of Israel, and when t he people of Egypt awoke in t he morning t hey found t hat not a single one of t hem remained in Egypt . Fir` awn became ext remely furious. He sent callers int o all of t he cit ies t o gat her t oget her his army from all of his lands and provinces. He said t o t hem,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌも͡ べ∠ピャ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤΒ͡ヤホ∠ る∀ ョ∠ ク͡ ∇ゲゼ ͡ ャ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び

(Verily, t hese indeed are but a small band. And verily, t hey have done what has enraged us.) ぴ26:54-55び Then when he gat hered his army and organized his t roops, he set out aft er t hem and t hey followed t hem at dawn when t he sun began t o rise.

び͡ラゅ∠バ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや や∠￢へ∠ゲゎ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (And when t he t wo host s saw each ot her) ぴ26:61び This means t hat each person of t he t wo part ies was looking at t he ot her part y.

ゅｚル͡ま ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ラ ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや や∠￢へ∠ゲゎ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ びリ ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΒ∠ シ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ ∠ バ͡ ョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミケ∠ ∇ギヨ⊥ ャ∠ (The companions of Musa said: "We are sure t o be overt aken.'' (Musa) said: "Nay, verily, wit h me is my Lord. He will guide me.'') ぴ26:61-62び Musa st opped wit h t he Children of Israel and t he sea was in front of t hem and Fir` awn was behind t hem. Then, at t hat moment , Allah revealed t o Musa,

び⇔ゅジ∠らΑ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲデ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゆゲ͡ ∇ッゅ∠プぴ (And st rike a dry pat h for t hem in t he sea.) So Musa st ruck t he sea wit h his st ick and he said, "Split for me, by t he leave of Allah.'' Thus, it split , and each separat e part of t he wat er became like a huge mount ain. Then, Allah sent a wind t o t he land of t he sea and it burned t he soil unt il it became dry like t he ground t hat is on land. For t his reason Allah said,

フ ⊥ ゅ∠ガゎ∠ Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ジ∠らΑ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲデ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゆゲ͡ ∇ッゅ∠プぴ び⇔ゅミ∠ケキ∠ (and st rike a dry pat h for t hem in t he sea, fearing neit her t o be overt aken...) This means being caught by Fir` awn.

びヴ∠ゼ∇ガゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor being afraid.) meaning, "Do not be afraid of t he sea drowning your people.'' Then, Allah, t he Exalt ed, said,

びあユΒ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ゼ ͡ ピ∠ プ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ヲ⊥レイ ⊥ よ͡ ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ら∠ ∇ゎほ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then Fir` awn pursued t hem wit h his host s, but t he sea ぴAl-Yammび complet ely overwhelmed t hem) Al-Yamm means t he sea.

び∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ゼ ͡ビ ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (and covered t hem up. ) meaning, covered t hem up wit h a t hing t hat was well-familiar t o t hem in such a sit ua- t ion, as Allah st at es;

び ヴｚゼビ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ⇒ｚゼピ∠ プ∠ - ン∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ る∠ ム∠ ヘ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And He dest royed t he overt hrown cit ies. So t here covered t hem t hat which did cover.) ぴ53:5354び As Fir` awn pursued t hem int o t he sea, misled his people and did not lead t hem t o t he pat h of correct guidance, likewise, he will go ahead of his people on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and will lead t hem in t o t he Hellfire. And evil indeed is t he place t o which t hey are led.

∇ユミ⊥ あヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ギホ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レら∠ Αぴ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ル∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ΑΙ ｘ や ケ͡ ヲぁトャや ょ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ィ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ギハ ∠ や∠ヱヱ∠ び ン∠ヲ∇ヤジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ リ ｚ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇や∇ヲピ∠ ∇トゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョ ろ ͡ ⇒∠らΒあ デ ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ぴ ヴ͡らツ ∠ ビ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇モヤ͡∇エΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ͡らツ ∠ ビ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ｚエ ͡ Β∠ プ∠ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ へ∠ヱ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ リ∠ヨャあ ∀ケゅｚヘピ∠ ャ∠ ヴあル͡ま∠ヱ - ン∠ヲワ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ び ン∠ギわ∠ ∇ワや ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔エ ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠タ (80. O Children of Israel! We delivered you from your enemy, and We made a covenant wit h you on t he right side of t he Mount , and We sent down t o you manna and quail,) (81. (Saying) eat of t he Tayyibat wherewit h We have provided you, and commit no t ransgression or oppression t herein, lest My anger should j ust ly descend on you. And he on whom My anger descends, he is indeed perished.) (82. And verily, I am indeed forgiving t o him who repent s, believes and does right eous deeds, and t hen Iht ada.)

A Reminder for the Children of Israel of Allah's Favors upon Them Allah reminds of His t remendous favors upon t he Children of Israel and His numerous blessings. He saved t hem from t heir enemy, Fir` awn, and He relieved t heir eyes by drowning him and his host s all at one t ime while t hey wat ched. Allah said,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ∠レ∇ホゲ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(And We drowned Fir` awn people while you were looking.) ぴ2:50び Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "When t he Messenger of Allah came t o Al-Madinah, he found t he Jews fast ing t he day of ` Ashura'. Therefore he asked t hem about it and t hey said, ` This is t he day t hat Allah gave Musa vict ory over Fir` awn.' Then, t he Prophet said,

«ロヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ダプ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨよ͡ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ » (We have more right t o Musa (t han t hem), so fast it .) Muslim also recorded t his narrat ion in his Sahih. Then, Allah made a covenant wit h Musa and t he Children of Israel on t he right side of t he Mount ain, aft er t he dest ruct ion of Fir` awn. This is t he Mount ain upon which Allah spoke t o Musa and He t old Musa's people t o look at it when t hey request ed t o see Allah. It is also t he same Mount ain upon which Musa was given t he Tawrah, while at t he same t ime t he Children of Israel began worshipping t he (st at ue of a) calf, as Allah relat es in t he fort h coming Ayat . The manna and quails have previously been discussed in Surah Al-Baqarah and ot her Surahs. Manna was a sweet subst ance t hat descended upon t hem from t he sky and t he quail ぴSalwaび was a t ype of bird t hat would fall down t o t hem. They would fill every pot wit h t hem as ample provisions unt il t he following day. This was a kindness and a mercy from Allah upon t hem. It was a manifest at ion of Allah's good t reat ment of t hem. For t his reason Allah says,

ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇や∇ヲピ∠ ∇トゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョ ろ ͡ ⇒∠らΒあ デ ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ぴ びヴ͡らツ ∠ ビ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ｚエ ͡ Β∠ プ∠ (Eat of t he Tayyibat wherewit h We have provided you, and commit no t ransgression or oppression t herein, lest My anger should j ust ly descend on you.) This means, "Eat from t his sust enance which I have provided for you, and do not t ransgress against My sust enance by t aking it wit hout necessit y or you will be opposing what I have commanded you.''

びヴ͡らツ ∠ ビ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ｚエ ͡ Β∠ プ∠ ぴ (lest My anger should j ust ly descend on you.) This means, "I will become angry wit h you.''

びン∠ヲワ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡らツ ∠ ビ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇モヤ͡∇エΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And he on whom My anger descends, he is indeed perished.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah relat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "This means t hat he will indeed be made miserable.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔ゅエ ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ へ∠ヱ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ リ∠ヨャあ ∀ケゅｚヘピ∠ ャ∠ ヴあルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, I am indeed forgiving t o him who repent s, believes and does right eous good deeds,) meaning, "Whoever t urns t o Me in repent ance, t hen I will accept his repent ance regardless of what ever sin he did.'' Allah, t he Exalt ed, even accept s t he repent ance of t he Children of Israel who worshipped t he calf. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ゆゅ∠ゎぴ (who repent s,) This means t o t urn away from what one was involved in of disbelief, associat ing part ners wit h Allah, disobedience of Allah or hypocrisy. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∠リョ∠ へ∠ヱぴ (and believes) This means t he person's belief in his heart .

び⇔ゅエ ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and does right eous deeds,) his act ion wit h his bodily limbs. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びン∠ギわ∠ ∇ワや ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and t hen Iht ada.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah relat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "This means t hat he t hen does not doubt .'' Qat adah said,

びン∠ギわ∠ ∇ワや ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and t hen Iht ada.) "This means he adheres t o Islam unt il he dies.'' We see here t hat t here is a specific order in which t hese t hings are present ed. This is similar t o Allah's saying,

ゲ͡ ∇らダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ∇や∇ヲタ ∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び る͡ ヨ∠ ェ ∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇や∇ヲタ ∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ ヱ∠ (Then he became one of t hose who believed and recommended one anot her t o perseverance and pat ience and recommended one anot her t o pit y and compassion.) ぴ90:17び

￢͡ Ι∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ マ ∠ ョ͡ ヲ∠ホ リ∠ハ マ ∠ ヤ∠イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ヴ∠ッ∇ゲわ∠ ャ͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤイ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ン͡ゲを∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ -ン ぁ ゲ͡ ョ͡ ゅｚジャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤｚッ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ゅｚレわ∠ プ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅｚルみ͡プ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔ヘ͡シぺ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ら∇ツビ ∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ノ∠ ィ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠

ギ⊥ ∇ヰバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠トプ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ジェ ∠ や⇔ギ∇ハヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ギバ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ ょ ∀ ツ ∠ ビ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ｚエ ͡ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユゎぁ キ∠ケぺ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ゅ∠レム͡ ∇ヤヨ∠ よ͡ ポ ∠ ギ∠ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヘヤ∠∇カぺ∠ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ン͡ギハ ͡ ∇ヲョｚ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠∇カほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ワゅ∠レ∇プグ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや る͡ レ∠ Α͡コ リあョ や⇔ケや∠コ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠レ∇ヤヨあ ェ ⊥ ゅｚレム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ や⇔ギ∠ジィ ∠ Κ ⇔ ∇イハ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カほ∠プ∠ - ン ぁ ゲ͡ ョ͡ ゅｚジャや ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ム∠ プ∠ -ヴ ∠ジ ͡ レ∠ プ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ∀ケや∠ヲカ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ノ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ び ゅ⇔バ∇ヘル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ッ ∠ (83. "And what made you hast en from your people, O Musa) (84. He said: "They are close on my foot st eps, and I hast ened t o You, O my Lord, t hat You might be pleased.'') (85. (Allah) said: "Verily, We have t ried your people in your absence, and As-Samiri has led t hem ast ray.'') (86. Then Musa ret urned t o his people in a st at e of anger and sorrow ぴAsifび. He said: "O my people! Did not your Lord promise you a fair promise Did t hen t he promise seem t o you long in coming Or did you desire t hat wrat h should descend from your Lord on you, t hat you broke your promise t o me'') (87. They said: "We broke not t he promise t o you, of our own will, but we were made t o carry t he weight of t he ornament s of t he people, t hen we cast t hem, and t hat was what As-Samiri suggest ed.'') (88. Then he t ook out for t hem a calf which was mooing. They said: "This is your god, and t he god of Musa,'' but he had forgot t en.) (89. Did t hey not see t hat it could not ret urn t hem a word (for answer), and t hat it had no power eit her t o harm t hem or t o do t hem good)

Musa goes to the Appointment with Allah and the Children of Israel succumb to worship the Calf Allah relat es what happened when Musa t raveled wit h t he Children of Israel aft er Fir` awn's dest ruct ion.

∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ュ∃ ゅ∠レ∇タぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘム⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇や∇ヲゎ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅホ∠ る∀ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ べ∠レャｚ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヰ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ

∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∀モ͡ト⇒∠よ∠ヱ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅｚョ ∀ゲらｚ ∠わョ⊥ ￢Γ⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ び-∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α (And t hey came upon a people devot ed t o some of idols. They said: "O Musa! Make for us god as t hey have gods.'' He said: "Verily, you are a people who know not . Verily, t hese people will be dest royed for t hat which t hey are engaged in. And all t hat t hey are doing is in vain.'') ぴ7:138139び Then, Allah made a covenant wit h Musa of t hirt y night s aft er which He added t o t hem t en more night s. Thus, t hey were fort y night s in all. The covenant was t hat he was t o fast t hese number of days, during bot h t he day and night . Thus, Musa made hast e t o go t o t he Mount ain and he left his brot her, Harun, in charge over t he Children of Israel. This is why Allah says,

び ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ マ ∠ ョ͡ ヲ∠ホ リ∠ハ マ ∠ ヤ∠イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びン͡ゲを∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ￢Γ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ("And what made you hast en from your people, O Musa'' He said: "They are close on my foot st eps.'') These means t hat t hey have arrived and are set t led near t he Mount ain.

びヴ∠ッ∇ゲわ∠ ャ͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤイ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and I hast ened t o You, O my Lord, t hat You might be pleased.) meaning, "So You will be more pleased wit h me.''

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤｚッ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ゅｚレわ∠ プ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅｚルみ͡プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びン ぁ ゲ͡ ョ͡ ゅｚジャや ((Allah) said: "Verily, We have t ried your people in your absence, and As-Samiri has led t hem ast ray.'') Allah informs His Prophet , Musa, of what happened t o t he Children of Israel aft er he left t hem, and t heir deificat ion of t he calf t hat As-Samiri had made for t hem. During t his t ime period, Allah wrot e for Musa t he Tablet s, which cont ained t he Tawrah. Allah said,

る⇔ ヌ ∠ハ ͡ ∇ヲョｚ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゥ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ マ ∠ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ゲョ⊥ ∇ぺヱ∠ り∃ ヲｚ ボ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ワ∇グガ ⊥ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ モ あ ム⊥ ャあ Κ ⇔ Β͡ダ∇ヘゎ∠ ヱ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ケ∠ や∠キ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ケ∇ヱほ⊥シ ∠ ゅ∠ヰレ͡ ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ (And We wrot e for him on t he Tablet s t he lesson t o be drawn from all t hings and t he explanat ion for all t hings (and said): "Hold unt o t hese wit h firmness, and enj oin your people t o

t ake t he bet t er t herein. I shall show you t he home of evildoers.'') ぴ7:145び This means, "I will show you t he final out come of what will happen t o t hose who abandon My obedience and oppose My command.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔ゅヘ͡シぺ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ら∇ツビ ∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ノ∠ ィ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then Musa ret urned t o his people in a st at e of anger and sorrow ぴAsifび.) This means t hat aft er Allah informed him of what t hey were doing, he became ext remely angry and upset wit h t hem. He was very worried for t hem. During t his t ime he received t he Tawrah, which cont ained t heir Shari` ah (Law), t his was a great honor for t hem. For t hey were a people who used t o worship ot her t han Allah. Every person wit h sound reason and good sense could see t hat what t hey were doing was false and foolish. This is why Allah said t hat he (Musa) ret urned t o t hem in a st at e of anger and sorrow. The word for sorrow used here is Asif, which is used t o emphasize t o t he severit y of his anger. Muj ahid said, "In a st at e of anger and sorrow means worried.'' Qat adah and As-Suddi said, "Asif here means in a st at e of sadness because of what his people had done aft er him.''

び⇔ゅレ∠ジェ ∠ や⇔ギ∇ハヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ギバ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He (Musa) said: "O my people! Did not your Lord promise you a fair promise...'') This means, "Did He not promise you in t hat which I have spoken t o you, every good in t his life and in t he Hereaft er, and t he good end in t he final out come of t hings You have already wit nessed how He helped you defeat your enemy (Fir` awn) and He made you vict orious over him and He blessed you wit h ot her bount ies as well t hrough His help.''

び⊥ギ∇ヰバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠トプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Did t hen t he promise seem t o you long in coming) meaning, ` in wait ing for what Allah had promised you and forget t ing His previous favors and t he covenant t hat He made wit h you before.'

び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ ょ ∀ ツ ∠ ビ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ｚエ ͡ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユゎぁ キ∠ケぺ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or did you desire t hat wrat h should descend from your Lord on you, ) The word ` Or' here means ` Nay, but .' It is used here t o separat e bet ween a previous it em and a coming it em. It is as if it is saying, "Nay, but you want t o make permissible t he anger of your Lord upon you by what you have done. Therefore, you have broken your promise t o me.'' The Children of Israel said in reply t o Musa's blame and rebuke,

びゅ∠レム͡ ∇ヤヨ∠ よ͡ ポ ∠ ギ∠ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヘ∠ヤ∇カ∠ぺ べ∠ョぴ (We broke not our promise t o you of our own will,) Meaning by our power and our choice. Then, t hey began making lame excuses and t hey t old him how t hey got rid of t hat which t hey were carrying of Copt ic j ewelry t hat t hey had borrowed from t hem (t he Egypt ian Copt s) when t hey left Egypt . Therefore t hey cast it , meaning t hat t hey t hrew it away. Thus, it became a calf t hat made a moaning sound t hat would gradually rise in pit ch. This calf was an ordeal, a hindrance and t est . This is why Allah said,

や⇔ギ∠ジィ ∠ Κ ⇔ ∇イハ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カほ∠プ∠ ン ぁ ゲ͡ ョ͡ ゅｚジャや ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ム∠ プ∠ ぴ び∀ケや∠ヲカ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ("...t hat was what As-Samiri suggest ed.'' Then he t ook out (of t he fire) for t hem (a st at ue of) a calf which was mooing.) Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

びヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (This is your god, and t he god of Musa.) "So t hey became religiously devot ed t o it (t he calf) and t hey loved it wit h a love t hat t hey had never loved anyt hing else wit h before. '' Allah t hen says,

び∠ヴジ ͡ レ∠ プ∠ ぴ (but he had forgot t en.) This means t hat he abandoned what he was following of t he religion of Islam. This is referring t o As-Samiri. Allah says in refut ing t hem and rebuking t hem, and also explaining t o t hem t heir folly and f oolishness in t hat which t hey had done,

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ノ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び ゅ⇔バ∇ヘル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ッ ∠ (Did t hey not see t hat it could not ret urn t hem a word (for answer), and t hat it had no power eit her t o harm t hem or t o do t hem good) This is about t he calf . ` Do t hey not see t hat it does not respond t o t hem when t hey ask it and when t hey speak t o it '

び⇔ゅバ∇ヘル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ッ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat it had no power eit her t o harm t hem or t o do t hem good) Meaning in t heir worldly affairs and mat t ers of t he Hereaft er. Ibn ` Abbas said, "Nay, by Allah, t he moaning sound of t he calf was not hing but wind t hat would ent er int o it s behind and come out of it s mout h, t hus causing it t o make a sound.'' In a Hadit h of Al-Fit un recorded from Al-Hasan Al-Basri, it is ment ioned t hat t his calf's name was Bahmut . In reference t o t he excuse of t hese ignorant people, t hey claimed t hat t hey were merely ridding t hemselves of t he j ewelry of t he Copt s. In t he process of doing so, t hey cast t he j ewelry (int o t he pit of fire) and ended up worshipping t he calf. Thus, t hey were seeking t o rid t hemselves of somet hing det est able, but wound up doing somet hing even worse. This is similar t o an aut hent ic narrat ion report ed from ` Abdullah bin ` Umar. A man from ` Iraq asked him about t he ruling of mosquit oes' blood if it get on one's garment . The man want ed t o know if it is permissible t o pray in such a garment or not . Ibn ` Umar replied by saying, "Look at t he people of ` Iraq. They killed t he grandson of t he Messenger of Allah , Al-Husayn, and yet t hey're asking about t he blood of t he mosquit o.''

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ͡わプ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ - ン͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ノ∠ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヘム͡ ⇒∠ハ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇らルｚ リ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ び ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ (90. And Harun indeed had said t o t hem beforehand: "O my people! You are being t ried in t his, and verily, your Lord is (Allah) t he Most Gracious, so follow me and obey my order.'') (91. They said: "We will not st op worshipping it , unt il Musa ret urns t o us.'')

Harun prohibits them from worship of Calf and the Persistence of the Children of Israel in doing so Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs of Harun's at t empt t o prohibit t hem from worshipping t he calf and his t elling t hem t hat t his was only a t est for t hem. He t old t hem t hat t heir Lord was t he Most Beneficent , Who creat ed everyt hing and decreed for everyt hing it s j ust measure. He is t he Owner of t he Might y Throne, t he One Who does what ever He want s.

びン͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プぴ (so follow me and obey my order.) Meaning, "Follow me in t hat which I am commanding you wit h and leave t hat which I forbid you from.''

ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ノ∠ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヘム͡ ⇒∠ハ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇らルｚ リ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ び ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ (They said: "We will not st op worshipping it , unt il Musa ret urns t o us.'') meaning, "We will not cease in our worship of t his calf unt il we hear what Musa has t o say about it .'' So t hey opposed Harun in t his mat t er and t hey fought against him, nearly killing him.

Ι ｚ ぺ∠ - ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇クま͡ マ ∠ バ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ヰΑ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ∇グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ュｚ ぽ⊥ レ∠ ∇らΑ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ン͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βダ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ リ ͡ バ∠ ら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ホゲｚ プ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ろ ⊥ Β͡ゼカ ∠ ヴあルま͡ ヴ͡シ∇ぺゲ∠ よ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡わΒ∠ ∇エヤ͡よ͡ び ヴ͡ャ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ょホ⊥ ∇ゲゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠

(92. (Musa) said: "O Harun! What prevent ed you when you saw t hem going ast ray;'') (93. "That you followed me not (according t o my advice t o you) Have you t hen disobeyed my order'') (94. He (Harun) said: "O son of my mot her! Seize (me) not by my beard, nor by my head! Verily, I feared lest you should say: ` You have caused a division among t he Children of Israel, and you have not respect ed my word!''')

What happened between Musa and Harun after Musa returned Allah informs of what happened when Musa ret urned t o his people and saw t he great mat t er t hat had t aken place among t hem. Wit h t his he became filled wit h anger and he t hrew down t he Divine Tablet s t hat he had in his hand. Then, he grabbed his brot her Harun by his head and pulled him t owards himself. We expounded upon t his previously in Surat Al-A` raf, where we ment ioned t he Hadit h,

«る∠レ∠Αゅ∠バヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ガ ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠» (Informat ion is not t he same as observat ion.) Then, he began t o blame his brot her, Harun, by saying,

び͡リバ∠ ら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇クま͡ マ ∠ バ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (What prevent ed you when you saw t hem going ast ray; t hat you followed me not ) meaning, "You should have informed me of t his mat t er as soon as it happened.''

びン͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βダ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Have you t hen disobeyed my order) "In t hat which I ent rust ed t o you,'' referring t o Musa's st at ement ,

モ ∠ Β͡らシ ∠ ∇ノら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ウヤ͡∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ョ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ͡プ ヴ͡レ∇ヘヤ⊥∇カやぴ び∠リΑ͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Replace me among my people, act in t he right way and follow not t he way of t he mischiefmakers.)ぴ7:142び

びｚュぽ⊥ レ∠ ∇らΑ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He (Harun) said: "O son of my mot her!'') This ment ioning of t he mot her was Harun's at t empt t o soft en Musa's anger, because he was Musa's biological brot her and t hey had t he same parent s. The ment ioning of t he mot her here is more delicat e and profound in bringing about gent leness and mildness. This is why he said,

びヴ͡シ∇ぺゲ∠ よ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡わΒ∠ ∇エヤ͡よ͡ ∇グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ュｚ ぽ⊥ レ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ぴ

(O son of my mot her! Seize (me) not by my beard, nor by my head!) This was Harun's excuse t o Musa for being delayed from coming t o him and informing him of t he great mishap t hat t ook place. He said,

び⊥ろΒ͡ゼカ ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ (Verily, I feared) meaning, "I was afraid t o come aft er you and inform you of t his, because I t hought you might accuse me of leaving t hem alone and causing division bet ween t hem.''

びヴ͡ャ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ょホ⊥ ∇ゲゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and you have not respect ed my word!) This means, "And you did not t ake care of what I commanded you t o do when I left you in charge of t hem.'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "Harun was respect ful and obedient t o Musa.''

∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ れ ⊥ ∇ゲダ ⊥ よ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ヵ ぁ ゲ͡ ヨ͡ ⇒∠ジΑ マ ∠ ら⊥ ∇トカ ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ゲ͡ を∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョあ る⇔ ツ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ツら∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ ∇ら∠Α ∇ょワ∠ ∇クゅ∠プ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ヴ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ろャ∠ヲｚ シ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ⊥ ∇グら∠ レ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ サ ∠ ゅ∠ジョ͡ Ι ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤニ ∠ ン͡グャｚや マ ∠ ヰ͡ ⇒∠ャま͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ヘ∠ ヤ∠∇ガゎ⊥ リｚャ や⇔ギ͡ハ∇ヲョ∠ - ゅ⇔ヘ∇ジル∠ ユあ Β∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ レｚ ヘ∠ ジ ͡ レ∠レャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ レｚ ホ∠ ゲあ エ ∠ レ⊥ ャｚ ゅ⇔ヘ͡ミゅ∠ハ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ノ∠ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャま͡ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ び ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ (95. (Musa) said: "And what is t he mat t er wit h you. O Samiri'') (96. (Samiri) said: "I saw what t hey saw not , so I t ook a (Qabdah) handful (of dust ) from t he (hoof) print of t he messenger and t hrew it . Thus my inner self suggest ed t o me.'') (97. Musa said: "Then go away! And verily, your (punishment ) in t his life will be t hat you will say: ` Touch me not ;' and verily, you have a promise t hat will not fail. And look at your god t o which you have been devot ed. We will cert ainly burn it , and scat t er it s part icles in t he sea.'') (98. Your God is only Allah, t here is no God but Him. He has full knowledge of all t hings.)

How As-Samiri made the Calf Musa said t o As-Samiri, "What caused you t o do what you did What present ed such an idea t o you causing you t o do t his'' Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "As-

Samiri was a man from t he people of Baj arma, a people who worshipped cows. He st ill had t he love of cow worshipping in his soul. However, he act ed as t hough he had accept ed Islam wit h t he Children of Israel. His name was Musa bin Zafar.'' Qat adah said, "He was from t he village of Samarra.''

び͡ヮよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ れ ⊥ ∇ゲダ ⊥ よ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ((Samiri) said: "I saw what t hey saw not .'') This means, "I saw Jibril when he came t o dest roy Fir` awn.''

び͡メヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ゲ͡ を∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョあ る⇔ ツ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ツら∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so I t ook a handful (Qabdah) from t he print of t he messenger) This means from t he hoof print of his (Jibril's) horse. This is what is well-known wit h many of t he scholars of Tafsir, rat her most of t hem. Muj ahid said,

び͡メヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ゲ͡ を∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョあ る⇔ ツ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ツら∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so I t ook a handful (Qabdah) from t he print of t he messenger) "From under t he hoof of Jibril's horse.'' He also said, "The word Qabdah means a palmful, and it is also t hat which is grasped by t he t ips of t he fingers.'' Muj ahid said, "As-Samiri t hrew what was in his hand ont o t he j ewelry of t he Children of Israel and it became molded int o t he body of a calf, which made a light moaning sound. The wind t hat blew int o it was t he cause of it s sound.'' Thus, he said,

びゅ∠ヰゎ⊥ ∇グら∠ レ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and I t hrew it .) This means, "I t hrew it along wit h t hose who were t hrowing (j ewelry).''

びヴ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ろャ∠ヲｚ シ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (Thus my inner self suggest ed t o me.) This means t hat his soul considered it somet hing good and it was pleasing t o his self.

The Punishment of As-Samiri and the burning of the Calf Thereupon,

Ι ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ょワ∠ ∇クゅ∠プ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び∠サゅ∠ジョ͡ ((Musa) said: "Then go away! And verily, your (punishment ) in t his life will be t hat you will say: ` Touch me not .''') This means, "Just as you t ook and t ouched what was not your right t o t ake

and t ouch of t he messenger's foot print , such is your punishment in t his life, t hat you will say, ` Do not t ouch (me).''' This means, "You will not t ouch t he people and t hey will not t ouch you.''

び⇔やギ͡ハ∇ヲョ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and verily, you have a promise) This means on t he Day of Resurrect ion.

び⊥ヮヘ∠ ヤ∠∇ガゎ⊥ リｚャぴ (t hat will not fail.) you will have no way t o escape it . Qat adah said,

び∠サゅ∠ジョ͡ Ι ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ (t hat you will say: ` Touch me not .') "This is referring t o a punishment for t hem and t heir remnant s (i.e. t hose who have t heir disease) t oday st ill say ` Do not t ouch.''' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ヮヘ∠ ヤ∠∇ガゎ⊥ リｚャ や⇔ギ͡ハ∇ヲョ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and verily, you have a promise t hat will not fail.) Al-Hasan, Qat adah and Abu Nahik said, "You will not be absent from it .''

び∠マヰ͡ ⇒∠ャま͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルや∠ヱぴ (And look at your god) t hat which you worshipped,

び⇔ゅヘ͡ミゅ∠ハ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤニ ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (t o which you have been devot ed.) t hat which you est ablished worship of, which was t he calf.

ｚモミ⊥ ノ∠ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャま͡ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ (Your God is only Allah, t here is no God but Him. He has full knowledge of all t hings.) Musa was saying t o t hem, "This is not your god. Your God is only Allah, t he One Whom t here is no t rue God except Him. Worship is not befit t ing t o anyone except Him. For everyt hing is in need of Him and everyt hing is His servant . Concerning t he st at ement ,

び⇔ゅヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ノ∠ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ

(He has full knowledge of all t hings.) The word ` Ilm (knowledge) is in t he accusat ive case for dist inct ion. It means t hat He is t he All-Knower of everyt hing.

びゅ∠ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヅ ∠ ゅ∠ェぺ∠ぴ ((Allah) surrounds all t hings in (His) knowledge. ) ぴ65:12び And He says,

び⇔やキ∠ギハ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ヴ∠ダ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And (He) keeps count of all t hings.) ぴ72:28び Therefore,

び∃りケｚ ク∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゴ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (Not even t he weight of a speck of dust escapes His knowledge.) ぴ34:3び He also says,

ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ ヴ͡プ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ ホ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ リ͡ョ テ ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ザ ∃ よ͡ ゅ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ∇デケ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや び∃リΒ͡らョぁ (Not a leaf falls, but He knows it . There is not a grain in t he darkness of t he eart h nor anyt hing fresh or dry, but is writ t en in a Clear Record.) ぴ6:59び And He says,

ゅ∠ヰホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ゅ∠ヰハ ∠ キ∠ ∇ヲわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワゲｚ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ び (And no moving creat ure is t here on eart h but it s provision is due from Allah. And He knows it s dwelling place and it s deposit . All is in a Clear Book.) ぴ11:6び The Ayat t hat ment ion t his are numerous.

∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢͡ べ∠ら∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぁゾボ⊥ ル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミぴ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ チ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇リョｚ - や⇔ゲ∇ミク͡ ゅｚルギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ ∠マ⇒∠レ∇Β∠ゎへ

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ￢∠ べ∠シヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ リ ∠ Αギ͡ ヤ͡⇒∠カ - ⇔やケ∇コ͡ヱ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇エΑ∠ びΚ ⇔ ∇ヨェ ͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ (99. Thus We relat e t o you some informat ion of what happened before. And indeed We have given you from Us a Reminder.) (100. Whoever t urns away from it , verily, t hey will bear a heavy burden on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) (101. They will abide in t hat -- and evil indeed will it be t hat load for t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion.)

The Entire Qur'an is the Remembrance of Allah and mentioning the Punishment of Those Who turn away from It Allah, t he Exalt ed, is saying t o Prophet Muhammad , ` We have t old you (O Muhammad) t he st ory of Musa and what happened wit h him, Fir` awn and his armies, j ust as it act ually happened. Likewise, We relat e t o you t he informat ion of t he past j ust as it happened, wit hout any increase or decrease. We also gave you a remembrance from Us, t he Might y Qur'an, no falsehood comes t o it from before it or behind it .' It is a revelat ion from One Most Wise, Most Praisewort hy. No Prophet was given any Book like it or more complet e t han it , since t he t ime of t he previous Prophet s who were sent , unt il t heir being sealed off wit h t he coming of Muhammad . No Prophet was given any Book cont aining as much informat ion t han t he Qur'an about what has past and what would be. The j udgement concerning t he dist inct ion bet ween mankind is t aken from it . Therefore, Allah says about it ,

び⊥ヮ∇レハ ∠ チ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇リョｚ ぴ (Whoever t urns away from it ,) This means whoever denies it and t urns away from following it s commands and inst ruct ions, while seeking guidance from ot her t han it , t hen Allah will mislead him and send him on t he pat h t o Hell. This is why Allah says,

び ⇔やケ∇コ͡ヱ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇エΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ チ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇リョｚ ぴ (Whoever t urns away from it , verily, t hey will bear a heavy burden on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) .Burden here means sin. This is as Allah says,

び⊥ロギ⊥ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャゅ∠プ ゆ ͡ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (But t hose of t he sect s t hat rej ect it , t he Fire will be t heir promised meet ing place.) ぴ11:17び This applies generally t o whoever t he Qur'an reaches of t he Arabs, t he non-Arabs, t he People of t he Book and ot hers. This is as Allah says,

び∠ヒヤ∠よ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ルｘΙぴ (That I may t herewit h warn you and whomsoever it may reach.) ぴ6:19び The Qur'an is a final warning for everyone it reaches. Whoever follows it , t hen he is right ly guided and whoever opposes it and t urns away from it , t hen he is misguided. He will be wret ched in t his life, and

he is promised t hat on t he Day of Resurrect ion his abode will be t he Hellfire. For t his reason Allah says,

⇔やケ∇コ͡ヱ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇エΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ チ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇リョｚ ぴ び͡ヮΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ (Whoever t urns away from it , verily, t hey will bear a heavy burden on t he Day of Resurrect ion. They will abide in t hat .) ぴ20:100-101び They will not be able t o avoid t his or escape it .

び⇔Κ∇ヨェ ͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ￢∠ べ∠シヱ∠ ぴ (And evil indeed will it be t hat load for t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion.)

グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ヲぁダャや ヴ͡プ オ ⊥ ヘ∠ レ⊥Α ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ リ ⊥ ∇エｚル - ⇔やゲ∇ゼ∠ハ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ｚャ ラ͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わヘ∠ ⇒∠ガわ∠ Α∠ - ゅ⇔ホ∇ケコ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャｚ ラ͡ま る⇔ ボ∠ Α͡ゲデ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ∇ョぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇クま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ び ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ (102. The Day when t he Sur will be blown: t hat Day, We shall gat her t he criminals blue-eyed.) (103. They will speak in a very low voice t o each ot her (saying): "You st ayed not longer t han t en.'') (104. We know very well what t hey will say, when t he best among t hem in knowledge and wisdom will say: "You st ayed no longer t han a day!'')

The Blowing of the Sur and the Day of Resurrection It has been confirmed in a Hadit h t hat t he Messenger of Allah was asked about t he Sur and he replied,

«ヮΒ͡プ オ ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ∀ラ∇ゲ∠ホ» (It is a horn t hat will be blown int o.) It has been relat ed in a Hadit h about t he Sur, on t he aut horit y of Abu Hurayrah t hat it is a huge horn t hat has a circumference as large as t he heavens and t he eart h. The angel Israfil will blow int o it . Anot her Hadit h has been relat ed which st at es t hat t he Prophet said,

ラ ∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ボ∠ わ∇ャや ギ͡ ホ∠ ラ ͡ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タヱ∠ ユ⊥ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ » «ヮ∠ャ ラ ∠ ク∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ わ∠ ∇ルや∠ヱ ∩⊥ヮわ∠ ヰ∠ ∇らィ ∠ ヴ∠レェ ∠ ヱ∠ (How can I be comfort able when t he one wit h t he horn is holding it in his lips and his forehead is leaning forward, wait ing t o be given permission (t o blow it ).) The people said, "O Messenger of Allah, what should we say'' He said,

ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ⊥ Β͡ミヲ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇バル͡ ヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠レら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホ» «ゅ∠レ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ (Say: Allah is sufficient for us and what a good prot ect or He is. Upon Allah we place our t rust .) Concerning His st at ement ,

び⇔ゅホ∇ケコ⊥ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We shall gat her t he criminals blue-eyed.) It has been said t hat t his means having blue eyes due t o t he severit y of t heir horrifying sit uat ion.

び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わヘ∠ ⇒∠ガわ∠ Α∠ ぴ (They will speak in a very low voice t o each ot her. ) Ibn ` Abbas said, "This means whispering among t hemselves.'' This means t hat some of t hem will be saying t o ot hers,

び⇔やゲ∇ゼハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャｚ ラま͡ぴ (You st ayed not longer t han t en.) meaning in t he abode of t he worldly life, you only t arried t here for a lit t le while. The t ime was equivalent t o t en days or so. Allah, t he Exalt ed, t hen says,

び∠ラヲャ⊥ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エｚルぴ (We know very well what t hey will say,) This means in t heir condit ion of conversing amongst t hemselves.

び⇔るボ∠ Α͡ゲデ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ∇ョぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ (when t he best among t hem in knowledge and wisdom will say;) t he one wit h perfect int elligence amongst t hem,

び⇔ゅョ∇ヲΑ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャｚ ラ͡まぴ (You st ayed no longer t han a day!) This is because on t he Day of Judgement t hey will sense t he short ness of t he worldly life wit hin t hemselves. For t he worldly life, wit h it s repet it ious t ime periods and successive night s, days and hours, is as if it is j ust one day. For t his reason, on t he Day of Resurrect ion t he disbelievers will t hink t he worldly life was very short . By t his t hey mean t o prevent t he est ablishment of t he evidence against t hem due t o t he short ness of t ime t hat t hey had. Allah says about t his,

∇やヲ⊥んら͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ボΑ⊥ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∃る∠ハゅ∠シ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ (And on t he Day t hat t he Hour will be est ablished, t he criminals will swear t hat t hey st ayed not but an hour) unt il His st at ement ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユわレ⊥ミ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but you knew not .'') ぴ30:55-56び Allah also says,

ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ゲ∠ ミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゲ⊥ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲヨあ バ∠ ル⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び⊥ゲΑ͡グレｚ ャや (Did We not give you lives long enough, so t hat whosoever would receive admonit ion could receive it And t he warner came t o you.) ぴ35:37び Allah, t he Exalt ed, also says,

ゅ∠レ∇んら͡ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡レシ ͡ キ∠ ギ∠ ハ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャ∠ ∇ユミ∠ モ ∠ ⇒∠ホぴ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャｚ ラ͡ま メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Αあキべ∠バ∇ャや メ ͡ ほ∠∇シゅ∠プ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャｚ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ((Allah will say): What number of years did you st ay on eart h They will say: "We st ayed a day or part of a day. Ask of t hose who keep account .'' He (Allah) will say: "You st ayed not but a lit t le, if you had only known!'') ぴ23:112-114び This means t hat you only remained in it (t he eart h) a lit t le while. If you only knew, you would have preferred t he et ernal life over t he t emporal life. Yet , you conduct ed yourselves in an evil manner. You gave t he present , t emporary life precedence over t he et ernal and everlast ing life.

- ゅ⇔ヘ∇ジル∠ ヴあよケ∠ ゅ∠ヰヘ⊥ ジ ͡ レ∠Α ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ Ι∠ヱ ゅ⇔ィ∠ヲハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ン∠ゲゎ∠ Ι ｚ - ゅ⇔ヘ∠ダ∇ヘタ ∠ ゅ⇔ハゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ワケ⊥ グ∠ Β∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ァ ∠ ヲ∠ ハ ͡ Ι ∠ ヴ ∠ハ ͡ やｚギャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ゅ⇔わ∇ョぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ れ ⊥ や∠ヲ∇タΕ ∠や ろ ͡ バ∠ ゼ ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ び ゅ⇔ジ∇ヨワ∠ (105. And t hey ask you concerning t he mount ains. Say: "My Lord will blast t hem and scat t er t hem as part icles of dust .'') (106. "Then He shall leave it as a level smoot h plain.'') (107. "You will see t herein no crookedness nor curve.'') (108. On t hat Day mankind will follow st rict ly (t he voice of) Allah's caller, no crookedness (t hat is wit hout going t o t he right or left of t hat voice) will t hey show him (Allah's caller). And all voices will be humbled for t he Most Gracious (Allah), and not hing shall you hear except Hamsa.)

The destruction of the Mountains, and the Earth becomes a Smooth Plain Allah says,

び͡メゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey ask you concerning t he mount ains.) This is a quest ion, will t hey remain on t he Day of Resurrect ion or will t hey cease t o exist

び⇔ゅヘ∇ジル∠ ヴあよケ∠ ゅ∠ヰヘ⊥ ジ ͡ レ∠Α ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (Say: "My Lord will blast t hem and scat t er t hem as part icles of dust .'') This means t hat He will t ake t hem away from t heir places, wipe t hem out and remove t hem complet ely.

びゅ∠ワケ⊥ グ∠ Β∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then He shall leave it ) referring t o t he eart h;

び⇔ゅヘ∠ダ∇ヘタ ∠ ゅ⇔ハゅ∠ホぴ (as a level smoot h plain.) This means one expanse spread out . The word Qa` means a piece of land t hat is level and t he word Safsafa is used t o place emphasis on t his meaning. It has also been said t hat Safsafa means t hat which has no veget at ion growing in it . The first meaning is

preferred, even t hough t he second meaning is also included by necessit y. In reference t o t his, Allah says,

び ゅ⇔わ∇ョぺ∠ Ι∠ヱ ゅ⇔ィ∠ヲハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ン∠ゲゎ∠ Ι ｚぴ (You will see t herein no crookedness nor curve. ) meaning, ` on t hat Day you will not see in t he eart h any valley, hill, or any place, whet her low or elevat ed.' Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah and ot hers of t he Salaf all said t he same.

The People will rush towards the Voice of the Caller

び⊥ヮャ∠ ァ ∠ ヲ∠ ハ ͡ Ι ∠ ヴ ∠ハ ͡ やｚギャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t hat Day mankind will follow st rict ly Allah's caller, no crookedness will t hey show him.) On t he Day, t hey see t hese condit ions and t hese fright ening sight s, t hey will hast ily respond t o t he caller. Wherever t hey are commanded t o go, t hey will rush t o it . If t hey had been like t his in t he worldly life, it would have been more beneficial for t hem, but here it does not benefit t hem. This is as Allah says,

びゅ∠レル∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ゲダ ͡ ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ノヨ͡ ∇シぺ∠ぴ (How clearly will t hey see and hear, t he Day when t hey will appear before Us!) ぴ19:38び Allah also says,

び͡ネやｚギャや ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ∠ Β͡バト ͡ ∇ヰョぁ ぴ (hast ening t owards t he caller.) Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び͡リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ れ ⊥ や∠ヲ∇タΕ ∠ やろ ͡ バ∠ ゼ ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And all voices will be humbled for t he Most Gracious,) Ibn ` Abbas said, "This means t hey will be silent .'' As-Suddi also said t he same.

び⇔ゅジ∇ヨワ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (And not hing shall you hear except Hamsa.) Sa` id bin Jubayr relat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "This means t he st eps of feet .'' ` Ikrimah, Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Qat adah, Ibn Zayd and ot hers all said t he same. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

び⇔ゅジ∇ヨワ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ

(And not hing shall you hear except Hamsa.) "Hamsa means a hidden voice.'' This has also been repor- t ed from ` Ikrimah and Ad-Dahhak. Sa` id bin Jubayr said,

び⇔ゅジ∇ヨワ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (And not hing shall you hear except Hamsa.) "Hamsa means t he secret speech and t he st eps of feet .''

リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヘゼ ｚ ャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠ゎ Ι ｚ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ - Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ ∠ッ ͡ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ あエ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヲ⊥ ∇ャや ろ ͡ レ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥トΒ͡エΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ モ ∠ ヨ∠ ェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠カ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ュ͡ ヲぁΒボ∠ ∇ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ フ ⊥ ゅ∠ガΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや び ゅ⇔ヨ∇ツワ∠ (109. On t hat day no int ercession shall avail, except t he one for whom t he Most Gracious has given permission and whose word is accept able t o Him.) (110. He knows what happens t o t hem, and what will happen t o t hem, but t hey will never encompass anyt hing of His knowledge.) (111. And (all) faces shall be humbled before t he Ever Living, t he Sust ainer. And he who carried wrongdoing, will be indeed a complet e failure.) (112. And he who works deeds of right eousness, while he is a believer, t hen he will have no fear of inj ust ice, nor of any curt ailment .)

The Intercession and the Recompense Allah, t he Exalt ed, says,

び∃グゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t hat day) t he Day of Resurrect ion,

び⊥るハ ∠ ゅ∠ヘゼ ｚ ャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠ゎ Ι ｚぴ (no int ercession shall avail.) meaning wit h Him (Allah).

び⇔Ι∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ ∠ッ ͡ ケ∠ ヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ

(except t he one for whom t he Most Gracious has given permission and whose word is accept able t o Him.) This is similar t o His st at ement ,

び͡ヮ͡ル∇ク͡み͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠ク リ∠ョぴ (Who is he t hat can int ercede wit h Him except wit h His permission) ぴ2:255び It is also similar t o His st at ement ,

∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘセ ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ピゎ⊥ Ι ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ マ ∃ ヤ∠ョｚ リあョ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ク∠ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ び (And t here are many angels in t he heavens, whose int ercession will avail not hing except aft er Allah has given leave for whom He wills and is pleased wit h.) ぴ53:26び He also says,

ヮ͡ わ͡ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ツゎ∠ ∇ケや リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヘ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ (And t hey cannot int ercede except for him wit h whom He is pleased. And t hey st and in awe for fear of Him.) ぴ21:28び He also says,

び⊥ヮャ∠ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ る⊥ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘゼ ｚ ャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Int ercession wit h Him profit s not except for him whom He permit s.) ぴ34:23び And He says,

Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤｚ∠ム∠わ∠Α Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ヘ∂ タ ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔よや∠ヲタ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ (The Day t hat Ar-Ruh and t he angels will st and fort h in rows, t hey will not speak except him whom t he Most Gracious allows, and he will speak what is right .) ぴ78:38び In t he Two Sahihs it is report ed from t he leader of t he Children of Adam and t he Noblest of all t he creat ures t o Allah, Muhammad :

ウ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ギィ ͡ ゅ∠シ ぶ ͡ ゲぁ カ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ス∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ヶ͡ゎへ» ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ゅ∠ョ ヶ͡レハ ⊥ ギ∠ Β∠ プ∠ ∩∠ラべ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ダ∇ェぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ギ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠エヨ∠ よ͡ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠

∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ マ ∠シ ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ∇ノプ∠ ∇ケや ∩⊥ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩ヶ͡レハ ∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇キほ⊥プ∠ ∩や６ギェ ∠ ヶ͡ャ ギぁ エ ⊥ Β∠ プ∠ ∇ノヘｚ ゼ ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ノヘ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ∩∇ノヨ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ «キヲ⊥ハ∠ぺ ｚユを⊥ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや (I will come under t he Throne and I will fall down int o prost rat ion. Then, I will be inspired t o make praises (of Allah) t hat I am not able t o recall t hem now. Allah will leave me in t his condit ion as long as He wishes. Then, He will say, "O Muhammad, raise your head. Speak and you will be heard, int ercede and your int ercession will be accept ed.'' Then, a designat ed group will be allowed for me (t o int ercede on t heir behalf). Allah will t hen ent er t hem int o Paradise and I will ret urn (t o repeat t he process again). ) The Prophet ment ioned doing t his four t imes. May Allah's blessings and peace be upon him and t he rest of t he Prophet s as well. In anot her Hadit h it also ment ions t hat he said,

ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩∃ラゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇リョ͡ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ ∩∃ラゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇リョ͡ メ ∃ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ブ ⊥ ∇ダル͡ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ ∩⇔りケｚ ク∠ ラ ⊥ ゴ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ «ラゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇リョ͡ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ (Allah, t he Exalt ed, will say, "Bring out of t he Fire whoever has a seed's weight of fait h in his heart .'' So a large number of people will be brought out . Then He will say, "Bring out of t he Fire whoever has a half of a seed's weight of fait h in his heart . Bring out whoever has t he weight of a speck of dust in his heart . Bring out whoever has t he weight of t he smallest and t iniest part icle of dust of fait h in his heart .'') And t he Hadit h cont inues. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ぴ (He knows what happens t o t hem and what will happen t o t hem,) He encompasses all creat ion wit h His knowledge.

び⇔ゅヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥トΒ͡エΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (but t hey will never encompass anyt hing of His knowledge.) This is like His st at ement ,

び∠￢べ∠セ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リョあ ￢∃ ∇ヶゼ ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥トΒ͡エΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will never encompass anyt hing of His knowledge except t hat which He wills. ) ぴ2:255び Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ュヲΒぁ ボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ あエ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヲ⊥ ∇ャや ろ ͡ レ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And (all) faces shall be humbled before t he Ever Living, t he Sust ainer.) Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers said, "This means t hat t he creat ures will be humbled, submissive and compliant t o t heir Compeller, t he Ever Living, Who does not die, t he Sust ainer of all, Who does not sleep.'' He is t he maint ainer of everyt hing. He det ermines t he affairs of everyt hing and preserves everyt hing. He is perfect in His Self. He is t he One Whom everyt hing is in need of and whom not hing could survive wit hout . Concerning His st at ement ,

び⇔ゅヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ モ ∠ ヨ∠ ェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠カ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And he who carried wrongdoing, will be indeed a complet e failure.) meaning on t he Day of Resurrect ion. For verily, Allah will give every due right t o t he one who deserved it . Even t he ram who lost it s horn will be given revenge against t he one who had horns. In t he Sahih, it is recorded t hat t he Prophet said,

«る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ れ ∀ ゅ∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ ユ∠ ∇ヤヌ ぁ ャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∠ユ∇ヤヌ ぁ ャや∠ヱ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡» (Beware of wrongdoing (or oppression), for verily, wrongdoing will be darknesses on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) And t he t rue failure is for whoever meet s Allah while associat ing part ners wit h Him. Allah t he Exalt ed says,

び∀ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ∀ユ∇ヤヌ ⊥ ∠ャ ポ ∠ ∇ゲゼ あ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ("Verily, associat ing part ners wit h Me is t he great wrongdoing.'') Allah's st at ement ,

Κ ∠ プ∠ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨ∇ツワ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ フ ⊥ ゅ∠ガΑ∠ (And he who works deeds of right eousness, while he is a believer, t hen he will have no fear of inj ust ice, nor of any curt ailment .) Aft er Allah ment ions t he wrongdoers and t heir t hreat , He t hen commends t he pious people and ment ions t he j udgement t hey receive. Their j udgement is t hat t hey will not be wronged nor oppressed. This means t hat t heir evils will not be increased and t heir good deeds will not be decreased. This was st at ed by Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, AdDahhak, Al-Hasan, Qat adah and ot hers. Zulm means an increase t hat comes from t he sins of ot hers being placed upon t he person, and Hadm means a decrease.

リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠レ∇プゲｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ よ͡ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ゅ⇔ルや∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ ヴ∠ヤ⇒∠バ∠わ∠プ - や⇔ゲ∇ミク͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゐ ⊥ ギ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ͡ギΒ͡ハ∠ヲ∇ャや ラ∠ま モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ͡ や￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇モイ ∠ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや マ ⊥ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや び ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ヴ͡ル∇キコ͡ ゆ あ ケｚ モ⊥ホヱ∠ ヮ⊥ Β⊥ ∇ェヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ツ∇ボΑ⊥ (113. And t hus We have sent it down as a Qur'an in Arabic, and have explained t herein in det ail t he warnings, in order t hat t hey may have Taqwa, or t hat it may cause t hem t o have a lesson from it .) (114. Then High above all be Allah, t he True King. And be not in hast e wit h t he Qur'an before it s revelat ion is complet ed t o you, and say: "My Lord! Increase me in knowledge.'')

The Qur'an was revealed so that the People would have Taqwa and reflect Aft er Allah, t he Exalt ed, ment ions t hat on t he Day of Judgement bot h t he good and t he evil will be recompensed and t here is no avoiding it , He t hen explains t hat t he Qur'an was revealed as a bringer of glad t idings and a warner in t he clear and eloquent Arabic language. There is no confusion or deficiency in it .

び∠ラヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ͡ギΒ͡ハ∠ヲ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠レ∇プゲｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hus We have sent it down as a Qur'an in Arabic, and have explained t herein in det ail t he warnings, in order t hat t hey may have Taqwa of,) This means: so t hat t hey will leave off sins, forbidden t hings and lewd abominat ions.

び⇔やゲ∇ミク͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゐ ⊥ ギ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or t hat it may cause t hem t o have a lesson from it .) This means: t o produce act s of obedience and deeds t hat will bring one closer t o Allah.

びぁペエ ∠ ∇ャや マ ⊥ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ヤ⇒∠バわ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then High above all be Allah, t he True King.) This means: Most Holy and Maj est ic is He, t he True King, Who is Himself t he Trut h and His promise is t rue. Likewise, His t hreat is t rue, His Messengers are t rue, t he Paradise is t rue, t he Hellf ire is t rue and everyt hing from Him is t rue. His j ust ice is t hat He does not punish anyone before warning t hem, sending Messengers t o t hem and grant ing excuses t o His creat ures, so t hat no one will have any argument or doubt (on Judgment Day).

The Command to the Prophet to listen to the Qur'an when it is revealed without making haste to recite it Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ツ∇ボΑ⊥ ラ∠ま モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ͡ や￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇モイ ∠ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ヮΒ⊥ ∇ェヱ∠ (And be not in hast e wit h t he Qur'an before it s revelat ion is complet ed t o you,) This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

ヮ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヨィ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ヮ͡ よ͡ モ ∠イ ∠ ∇バわ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ジャ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ポゲあ エ ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ - ヮ⊥ ル∠ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ∇ノら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ぺゲ∠ ホ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ - ヮ⊥ ル∠ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ヱ∠ び ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠Βよ∠ (Move not your t ongue t o make hast e t herewit h. It is for Us t o collect it and t o give you t he abilit y t o recit e it . And when We have recit ed it t o you, t hen follow it s recit al. Then it is for Us t o made it clear (t o you).) ぴ75:16-19び It is confirmed in t he Sahih on t he aut horit y of Ibn ` Abbas, who said t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o go t hrough great pains t o ret ain t he revelat ion. In doing so he used t o move his t ongue rapidly wit h it s recit al. Then, Allah revealed t his Ayah. This means t hat whenever Jibril would say an Ayah, t he Prophet would say it wit h him due t o his eagerness t o memorize it . Then, Allah guided him t o t hat which was easier and light er in t his mat t er, t o relieve him of t his difficult y. Allah said,

ヮ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヨィ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ヮ͡ よ͡ モ ∠イ ∠ ∇バわ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ジャ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ポゲあ エ ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ び ヮ⊥ ル∠ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ヱ∠ (Move not your t ongue t o make hast e t herewit h. It is for Us t o collect it and t o give you t he abilit y t o recit e it .) ぴ75:16-17び Meaning, "We will gat her it in your chest , t hen you will recit e it t o t he people wit hout forget t ing anyt hing of it .''

び ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ - ヮ⊥ ル∠ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ∇ノら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ぺゲ∠ ホ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (And when We have recit ed it t o you, t hen follow it s recit al. Then it is for Us t o made it clear (t o you).) ぴ75:18-19び And He said in t his Ayah,

マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ツ∇ボΑ⊥ ラ∠ま モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ͡ や￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇モイ ∠ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ヮΒ⊥ ∇ェヱ∠ (And be not in hast e wit h t he Qur'an before it s revelat ion is complet ed t o you,) This is a command t o t he Prophet t o list en quiet ly: ` Then, when t he angel (Jibril) complet es recit ing t o you, you recit e it aft er him.'

び⇔ゅヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ヴ͡ル∇キコ͡ ゆ あ ケｚ モ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ (and say: "My Lord! Increase me in knowledge.'') meaning, "Give me more knowledge from You.'' Ibn ` Uyaynah said, "The Prophet did not cease increasing (in knowledge) unt il Allah, t he Might y and Sublime, t ook him (i.e. he died).''

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ギイ ͡ ル∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ ∠ジ ͡ レ∠ プ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ュ∠ キ∠ や∠￢ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠ル∇ギヰ͡ ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ∠ジ ∠ プ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ Ε ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇シや る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ョ∇ゴハ ∠ マ ∠ ャｚ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ ュ⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠⇒Α ゅ∠レ∇ヤボ⊥ ∠プ - ヴ∠よぺ∠ ザ ∠ Β͡ヤ∇よま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ヴ∠ボ∇ゼわ∠ プ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ レｚ ィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ィ ͡ ∇ヱゴ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ や⊥ぽヨ∠ ∇ヌゎ∠ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ン∠ゲ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ネ ∠ ヲ⊥イゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ サ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇シヲ∠ プ∠ - ヴ∠エ∇ツゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ - ヴ∠ヤ∇ら∠Α Ι ｚ マ ∃ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヤガ ⊥ ∇ャや り͡ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャぁキ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ ュ⊥ キ∠ ゅ⇒∠Α ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヘダ ͡ ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ボヘ͡ デ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ￢∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∠ャ ∇れギ∠ ら∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ Κ ∠ ミ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ン∠ヲピ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ュ⊥ キ∠ や∠￢ ヴ∠ダハ ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ベ ͡ ケ∠ ヱ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ び ンギ∠ ワ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠わプ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠らわ∠ ∇ィや ｚユを⊥ (115. And indeed We made a covenant wit h Adam before, but he forgot , and We found on his part no firm willpower.) (116. And (remember) when We said t o t he angels: "Prost rat e yourselves t o Adam.'' They prost rat ed t hemselves (all) except Iblis; he refused.) (117. Then We said: "O Adam! Verily, t his is an enemy t o you and t o your wife. So let him not get you bot h out of Paradise, so t hat you will be dist ressed.'') (118. "You will never be hungry t herein nor naked.'') (119. "And you (will) suffer not from t hirst t herein nor from t he sun's heat .'') (120.

Then Shayt an whispered t o him, saying: "O Adam! Shall I lead you t o t he Tree of Et ernit y and t o a kingdom t hat will never wast e away'') (121. Then t hey bot h at e of t he Tree, and so t heir privat e part s became manifest t o t hem, and t hey began t o cover t hemselves wit h t he leaves of t he Paradise for t heir covering. Thus Adam disobeyd his Lord, so he went ast ray.) (122. Then his Lord chose him, and t urned t o him wit h forgiveness, and gave him guidance.)

The Story of Adam and Iblis Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Verily, man was named Insan only because he was given a covenant , but he forgot it (Nasiya).'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t he same from Ibn ` Abbas. Muj ahid and Al-Hasan said t hat he forgot means, "He abandoned it .'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ュキ∠ Ι ６ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇シや る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when We said t o t he angels: "Prost rat e yourselves t o Adam.'') He, Allah ment ions how Adam was honored and what respect was given t o him. He ment ions how He favored him over many of t hose whom He creat ed. A discussion of t his st ory has already preceded in Surat AlBaqarah, Surat Al-A` raf, Surat Al-Hij r and Surat Al-Kahf. It will also be ment ioned again at t he end of Surah Sad. In t his st ory, Allah ment ions t he creat ion of Adam and t hat He commanded t he angels t o prost rat e t o Adam as a sign of honor and respect . He also explains t he enmit y of Iblis for t he Children of Adam and for t heir fat her, Adam, before t hem. Due t o t his Allah says,

びヴ∠よぺ∠ ザ ∠ Β͡ヤ∇よま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ∠ジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (They prost rat ed t hemselves (all) except Iblis; he refused.) This means t hat he refrained from prost rat ing and became arrogant .

び∠マィ ͡ ∇ヱゴ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャｚ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ ュ⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠⇒Α ゅ∠レ∇ヤボ⊥ ∠プぴ (Then We said: "O Adam! Verily, t his is an enemy t o you and t o your wife...'') here wife refers t o Hawwa'.

びヴ∠ボ∇ゼわ∠ プ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ レｚ ィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So let him not get you bot h out of Paradise, so t hat you will be dist ressed.) meaning, ` Do not be hast y in doing somet hing t hat will get you expelled from Paradise, or else you will be fat igued, discomfort ed and worried, seeking your sust enance. But here, in Paradise, you live a life of ease wit h no burdens and no difficult ies.'

び ンゲ∠ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ネ ∠ ヲ⊥イゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, you will never be hungry t herein nor naked.) The reason t hat Allah combined hunger and nakedness is because hunger is int ernal humiliat ion, while nakedness is ext ernal humiliat ion.

び ヴ∠エ∇ツゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ や⊥ぽヨ∠ ∇ヌゎ∠ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And you (will) suffer not from t hirst t herein nor from t he sun's heat .) These t wo charact erist ics are also opposit es. Thirst is t he int ernal heat and being parched from lack of wat er, while t he suns heat is t he ext ernal heat .

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャぁキ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ ュ⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠⇒Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ サ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇シヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ び ヴ∠ヤ∇ら∠Α Ι ｚ マ ∃ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヤガ ⊥ ∇ャや り͡ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ (Then Shayt an whispered t o him, saying: "O Adam! Shall I lead you t o t he Tree of Et ernit y and t o a kingdom t hat will never wast e away'') It has already been ment ioned t hat he caused t hem t o fall t hrough decept ion.

びリ ∠ Β͡エダ ͡ ⇒ｚレャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ∠ャ ヶあルま͡ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ ヨ∠ シ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And he swore by Allah t o t hem bot h: "Verily, I am one of t he sincere well-wishers for you bot h.'') ぴ7:21び It has already preceded in our discussion t hat Allah t ook a promise from Adam and his wife t hat alt hough t hey could eat from every fruit , t hey could not come near a specific t ree in Paradise. However, Iblis did not cease prodding t hem unt il t hey bot h had eat en from it . It was t he Tree of Et ernit y (Shaj arat Al-Khuld). This meant t hat anyone who at e from it would live forever and always remain. A Hadit h has been narrat ed which ment ions t his Tree of Et ernit y. Abu Dawud At -Tayalisi report ed from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Prophet said,

ゅ∠ヰヤあニ ͡ ヶ͡プ ょ ⊥ ミ͡ やｚゲャや ゲ⊥ Β͡ジΑ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡» «ギ∇ヤガ ⊥ ∇ャや り⊥ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ュ∃ ゅ∠ハ る∠ も∠ ゅ͡ョ (Verily, in Paradise t here is a t ree which a rider can t ravel under it s shade for one hundred years and st ill not have passed it . It is t he Tree of Et ernit y.) Imam Ahmad also recorded t his narrat ion. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ￢∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∠ャ ∇れギ∠ ら∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ Κ ∠ ミ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then t hey bot h at e of t he t ree, and so t heir privat e part s became manifest t o t hem,) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ubayy bin Ka` b said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゲ͡ ∇バセ ∠ ゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ ゅ⇔ャや∠ヲデ ⊥ ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» り∠ ゲ∠ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや ベ ∠ や∠ク ゅｚヨ∠ヤ∠プ∩∃ベヲ⊥エ∠シ る⊥ ヤ∠∇ガル∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∩͡サ∇ぺゲｚ ャや

ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∩⊥ヮゎ⊥ ケ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ や∠ギよ∠ ゅ∠ョ メ ⊥ ヱｚ ほ∠プ∠ ∩⊥ヮシ ⊥ ゅ∠らャ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ テ ∠ ボ∠ シ ∠ ∇れグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ギぁ わ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ケ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ ル∠ ュ⊥ キ∠ へ ゅ∠Α :リ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェｚゲャや ロ⊥ や∠キゅ∠レプ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰハ ∠ コ∠ ゅ∠レプ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇バセ ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲｚ ャや ュ∠ ゅ∠ヤミ∠ ノ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∩ぁゲ͡ヘ∠ゎ ヶあレョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇バィ ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇らゎ⊥ ∇ラま͡ ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∩⇔￢ゅ∠Β∇エわ͡ ∇シや リ ͡ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ャ «ユ∠バル∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヵ͡ギも͡ ゅ∠ハぺ∠ (Verily, Allah creat ed Adam as a t all man wit h an abundance of hair on his head. He looked like a clot hed palm t ree. Then, when he t ast ed (t he fruit of) t he t ree, his clot hes fell off of him. The first t hing t hat became exposed was his privat e part s. So when he not iced his nakedness, he t ried t o run back int o Paradise. However, in t he process a t ree caught hold of his hair (i.e. his hair was t angled in a t ree), so he ripped his hair out . Then, t he Most Beneficent called out t o him saying, "O Adam, are you fleeing from me'' When he heard t he Words of t he Most Beneficent , he said, "No my Lord, but I am ashamed. If I repent and recant would You let me ret urn t o Paradise'' Allah replied, "Yes.'') This is t he meaning of Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠わプ∠ れ ∃ ゅ∠ヨヤ͡ミ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ュ⊥ キ∠ や∠￢ ヴｚボヤ∠わ∠ プ∠ ぴ a(Then Adam received from his Lord Words. And his Lord pardoned him.) ぴ2:37び However, t his narrat ion has a break in t he chain of t ransmission bet ween Al-Hasan and Ubayy bin Ka` b. AlHasan did not hear t his Hadit h from Ubayy. It is quest ionable as t o whet her t his narrat ion can be correct ly at t ribut ed t o t he Prophet . Allah said,

び͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ベ ͡ ケ∠ ヱ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヘダ ͡ ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ボヘ͡ デ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey began t o cover t hemselves wit h t he leaves of t he Paradise for t heir covering. ) Muj ahid said, "They pat ched t he leaves on t hemselves in t he form of a garment .'' Qat adah and As-Suddi bot h said t he same. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

ゅ∠ボヘ͡ デ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ￢∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∠ャ ∇れギ∠ ら∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ Κ ∠ ミ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ ュ⊥ キ∠ や∠￢ ヴ∠ダ∠ハ∠ヱ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ベ ͡ ケ∠ ヱ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヘダ ͡ ∇ガΑ∠ び ン∠ギワ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠わプ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠らわ∠ ∇ィや ｚユを⊥ - ン∠ヲピ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠

(Thus Adam disobeyed his Lord, so he went ast ray. Then his Lord chose him, and t urned t o him wit h forgiveness, and gave him guidance.) Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,

ろ ∠ ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩∠ュキ∠ へ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ァ ｚ ゅ∠ェ» ゅ∠Α :ュ⊥ キ∠ へ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇Βボ∠ ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ら͡ ∇ルグ∠ よ͡ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ャゅ∠シゲ͡ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ポ ∠ ゅ∠ヘト ∠ ∇タや ヵ͡グャｚや ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∩ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ら∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヶ͡レョ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∩͡ヮョ͡ ゅ∠ヤム∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ∨ヶ͡レボ∠ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ロ⊥ ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヶ͡レボ∠ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ュ⊥ キ∠ へ ア ｚエ ∠ プ∠ :ユ∂ヤシヱ ヮΒヤハ ぶや ヴヤダヰヤャや メヲシケ メゅホ «ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ (Musa argued wit h Adam and he said t o him, "Are you t he one who got mankind expelled from Paradise because of your sin and you caused t hem grief!'' Adam replied, "Are you t he one whom Allah chose for His Divine Messages and His direct Speech Are you blaming me for a mat t er t hat Allah wrot e upon me before He creat ed me'') Then, t he Messenger of Allah said, (Thus, Adam defeat ed Musa.) This Hadit h has various rout es of t ransmission in t he Two Sahihs as well as t he Musnad collect ions.

ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ト͡ら∇ワや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ モ ぁツ ͡ Α∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ン ∠ や∠ギワ⊥ ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヴあレョあ ユ⊥ムレｚ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅｚョみ͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ン͡ゲ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ チ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ - ヴ∠ボ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ヴ∠ヨ∇ハ∠ぺ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒Β͡ボ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ムレ∠ッ る⇔ ゼ ∠ Β͡バョ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡レゎ∠ ∇ゲゼ ∠ェ ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ び ヴ∠ジ∇レゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ Β͡ジレ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αへ マ ∠ ∇わゎ∠ ぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ (123. He (Allah) said: "Get you down, bot h of you, t oget her, some of you are an enemy t o some ot hers. Then if t here comes t o you guidance from Me, t hen whoever follows My guidance he shall neit her go ast ray nor shall be dist ressed.) (124. But whosoever t urns away from My Reminder, verily, for him is a life of hardship, and We shall raise him up blind on t he Day of

Resurrect ion.'') (125. He will say: "O my Lord! Why have you raised me up blind, while I had sight (before).'') (126. (Allah) will say: "Like t his Our Ayat came unt o you, but you disregarded t hem, and so t his Day, you will be neglect ed.'')

The Descent of Adam to the Earth and the Promise of Good for the Guided and Evil for the Transgressors Allah says t o Adam, Hawwa' and Iblis, "Get down from here, all of you.'' This means each of you should get out of Paradise. We expounded upon t his in Surah Al-Baqarah.

びｘヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ぴ (Some of you as enemies t o ot hers.) ぴ2:36び He (Allah) was saying t his t o Adam and his progeny and Iblis and his progeny. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びン⇔ギワ⊥ ヴあレョあ ユ⊥ムレｚ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅｚョみ͡プ∠ ぴ (Then if t here comes t o you guidance from Me,) Abu Al-` Aliyyah said, "This (guidance) means t he Prophet s, t he Messengers and t he evidence.''

びヴ∠ボ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ モ ぁツ ͡ Α∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ン ∠ や∠ギワ⊥ ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then whoever follows My guidance he shall neit her go ast ray nor shall be dist ressed.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "He will not be misguided in t his life and he will not be dist ressed in t he Hereaft er.''

びン͡ゲ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ チ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (But whosoever t urns away from My Reminder,) This means, "Whoever opposes my command and what I have revealed t o My Messenger, t hen he has t urned away from it , neglect ed it and t aken his guidance from ot her t han it .''

び⇔ゅムレ∠ッ る⇔ ゼ ∠ Β͡バョ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (verily, for him is a life of hardship,) meaning, his life will be hard in t his world. He will have no t ranquillit y and no expanding of his breast (ease). Rat her, his chest will be const rained and in difficult y due t o his misguidance. Even if he appears t o be in comfort out wardly and he wears what ever he likes, eat s what ever he likes and lives wherever he want s, he will not be happy. For verily, his heart will not have pure cert aint y and guidance. He will be in agit at ion, bewilderment and doubt . He will always be in confusion and a st at e of uncert aint y. This is from t he hardship of life. Concerning His st at ement ,

びヴ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒Β͡ボ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and We shall raise him up blind on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) Muj ahid, Abu Salih and As-Suddi said, "This means he will have no proof.'' ` Ikrimah said, "He will be made blind t o everyt hing except Hell.'' This is as Allah says,

ゅ⇔Β∇ヨハ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ユレｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョｚ ゅ６ヨタ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ムよ⊥ ヱ∠ (And We shall gat her t hem t oget her on t he Day of Resurrect ion on t heir faces, blind, dumb and deaf; t heir abode will be Hell.) ぴ17:97び This is why Allah says,

び⇔やゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡レゎ∠ ∇ゲゼ ∠ェ ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ (O my Lord! Why have you raised me up blind, while I had sight (before).) This means in t he life of t his world.

ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ Β͡ジレ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αへ マ ∠ ∇わゎ∠ ぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び ヴ∠ジ∇レゎ⊥ ((Allah) will say: "Like t his Our Ayat came unt o you, but you disregarded t hem, and so t his Day, you will be neglect ed.) Meaning, "When you t urned away from t he signs of Allah and dealt wit h t hem in t he manner of one who does not remember t hem aft er t hey were conveyed t o you. You neglect ed t hem, t urned away from t hem and were heedless of t hem. Therefore, t oday We will t reat you in t he manner of one who has forgot t en you.''

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユヰ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ジレ∠ル ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プぴ (So t his Day We shall forget t hem as t hey forgot t heir meet ing of t his Day.) ぴ7:51び For verily, t he punishment will be a ret ribut ion t hat is based upon t he t ype of deed t hat was done. However, forget t ing t he words of t he Qur'an, while underst anding it s meaning and act ing upon it s legislat ion, is not included in t he meaning of t his specific t hreat . Yet , forget t ing t he words of t he Qur'an has been warned against from a different aspect . It has been report ed in t he Sunnah t hat it is absolut ely forbidden and t here is a serious t hreat against one who forget s Qur'an (t hat he previously memorized).

ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ リ͡ョ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ フ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ び ヴ∠ボ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやゆ ⊥ や∠グ∠バ∠ャ∠ヱ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ (127. And t hus do We requit e him who t ransgresses beyond bounds and believes not in t he Ayat of his Lord; and t he t orment of t he Hereaft er is far more severe and more last ing.)

Severe Torment for Him Who transgresses beyond bounds Allah says: ` Thus We do requit e t hose who t ransgress beyond bounds and belie t he Ayat of Allah in t his world and in t he Hereaft er.'

り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや ゆ ⊥ や∠グ∠バ∠ャ∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚぴ びベ ∃ や∠ヱ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ペ ぁセ ∠ ぺ∠ (For t hem is a t orment in t he life of t his world, and cert ainly, harder is t he t orment of t he Hereaft er. And t hey have no defender or prot ect or against Allah.) ぴ13:34び Therefore Allah said,

びヴ∠ボ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and t he t orment of t he Hereaft er is far more severe and more last ing.) meaning: a more grievous and more painful penalt y t han of t his world t hey will remain t herein, t hey will abide forever in such t orment . Allah's Messenger said t o bot h husband and wife who t ook an oat h, when t he husband accused his wife of commit t ing illegal sexual int ercourse:

«り∠ゲカ ͡ べ∇ャや ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» (Verily, t he t orment of t his worldly life is more insignificant , compared t o t he punishment of t he Hereaft er.)

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び ヴ∠ヰレぁ ャや ヴ͡ャ∇ヱｘΙ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΕ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ム͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ∀ィ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ョや∠ゴャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムャ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ∇ろボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ウらあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プ - ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヱ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ネ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤデ ⊥ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ び ヴ∠ッ∇ゲゎ∠ マ ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや フ ∠ や∠ゲ∇デぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ウらあ ジ ∠ プ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ￢͡ べ∠ルや∠￢ (128. Is it not a guidance for t hem (t o know) how many generat ions We have dest royed before t hem, in whose dwellings t hey walk Verily, in t his are signs indeed for men of underst anding.) (129. And had it not been for a Word t hat went fort h before from your Lord, and a t erm det ermined, (t heir punishment ) must necessarily have come (in t his world).) (130. So bear pat ient ly what t hey say, and glorify t he praises of your Lord before t he rising of t he sun, and

before it s set t ing, and during some hours of t he night , and at t he ends of t he day, t hat you may become pleased wit h t he reward which Allah shall give you.)

Many Nations were destroyed and in Them is a Lesson Allah, t he Exalt ed, says,

び͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Is it not a guidance for t hem...) This is addressed t o t hose who rej ect what t he Prophet came t o t hem wit h: ` We dest royed t hose who denied t he Messengers from t he previous nat ions before t hem. They showed open host ilit y, so now t here is not t race of t hem and none of t hem are left . This is wit nessed by t he empt y homes t hat t hese people left behind, and which ot hers have now inherit ed, moving about in t he dwellings of t hose of t he past .'

びヴ∠ヰレぁ ャや ヴ͡ャ∇ヱｘΙ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΕ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t his are signs indeed for men of underst anding.) This means t hose who have sound int ellect and correct underst anding. This is as Allah says,

∀ゆヲヤ⊥ホ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ プ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ヴ∠ヨ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ み͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∀ラや∠クや∠￢ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ヴ͡わャｚや ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヨ∇バゎ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘや び (Have t hey not t raveled t hrough t he land, and have t hey heart s wherewit h t o underst and and ears wherewit h t o hear Verily, it is not t he eyes t hat grow blind, but it is t he heart s which are in t he breast s t hat grow blind.) ぴ22:46び Allah also said in Surah Alif Lam Mim As-Saj dah,

ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ミ͡ ゅ∠ジョ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ (Is it not a guidance for t hem: how many generat ions We have dest royed before t hem in whose dwellings t hey walk about ) ぴ32:26び Then, Allah, t he Exalt ed, says,

モ ∀ィ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ョや∠ゴャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムャ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ∇ろボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ (And had it not been for a Word t hat went fort h before from your Lord, and a t erm det ermined (t heir punishment ), must necessarily have come (in t his world).) ぴ20:129び This means t hat if it were not for t he Word t hat had already preceded from Allah -- t hat He would not punish anyone unt il t he proof had been est ablished against him and t he punishment would t ake place at an appoint ed t ime t hat He has already det ermined for t hese rej ect ers -- t hen t he punishment would cert ainly seize t hem immediat ely.

The Command to be patient and perform the Five daily Prayers Allah comfort s His Prophet by saying t o him,

び∠ラヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プぴ (So bear pat ient ly what t hey say,) This means, "Be pat ient concerning t heir rej ect ion of you.''

び͡ザ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ネ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤデ ⊥ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ウらあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And glorify t he praises of your Lord before t he rising of t he sun,) This is speaking of t he Morning (Faj r) prayer.

びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and before it s set t ing,) This is speaking of t he Mid-aft ernoon (` Asr) prayer. This has been ment ioned in t he Two Sahihs on t he aut horit y of Jarir bin ` Abdullah Al-Baj ali, who said, "Once we were sit t ing wit h t he Messenger of Allah when he looked up at t he moon on a night when it was full. He said,

ゅ∠ャ ∩∠ゲヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや や∠グワ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ わ∠ シ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡» やヲ⊥らヤ∠∇ピゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ラ ͡ み͡プ∠ ∩͡ヮわ͡ Α∠ ∇ぼケ⊥ ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゅ∠ツゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヱ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ネ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤデ ⊥ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ り∃ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ «やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇プゅ∠プ (Verily, you all will see your Lord (in t he Hereaft er) j ust as you see t his moon and you will not have t o crowd t oget her t o see Him. Therefore, if you are able t o not miss a prayer before

sunrise (Faj r) and before sunset (` Asr), t hen you should do so.) Then he recit ed t his Ayah.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Umarah bin Ru'aybah t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ネ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤデ ⊥ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヴｚヤタ ∠ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ア ∠ ヤ͡Α∠ ∇リャ∠» «ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヱ∠ (Anyone who prays before sunrise and before sunset will never ent er t he Hellfire.) This was also recorded by Muslim. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ウらあ ジ ∠ プ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ￢͡ べ∠ルや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and during some hours of t he night , glorify t he praises.) This means during it s hours offer t he lat e night (Tahaj j ud) prayer. Some of t he scholars said it also means t he aft er sunset (Maghrib) and t he night (` Isha') prayers.

び͡ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや フ ∠ や∠ゲ∇デぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and at t he ends of t he day,) This is t he opposit e of t he hours of t he night .

びヴ∠ッ∇ゲゎ∠ マ ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (t hat you may become pleased) As Allah says,

び ヴ∠ッ∇ゲわ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ マ ∠ Β͡ト∇バΑ⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, your Lord will give you (all good) so t hat you shall be well-pleased.) ぴ93:5び In t he Sahih, it is recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

マ ∠ ∇Βらｚ ャ∠ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ゅ∠Α ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ッケ∠ ∇モワ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∠マ∇Αギ∠ ∇バシ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ テ ͡ ∇バゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇Βト ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲル∠ ゅ∠ャ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ∠ツ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥ ヶあルま͡ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∠マボ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∨∠マャ͡グ∠レ∇レョ͡ モ ⊥ツ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ヵ ぁ ぺ∠ヱ∠ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∠マャ͡ク∠

∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ テ ⊥ガ ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ヶ͡ルや∠ヲ∇ッケ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ぁェ ͡ ぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ «や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ (Allah, t he Exalt ed, says, "O people of Paradise.'' They will reply, "We are here at Your service and Your pleasure our Lord.'' He will t hen say, "Are you all pleased'' They will reply, "Why should we not be pleased our Lord, when You have given us what You have not given any ot hers of Your creat ion'' Allah will t hen say, "Verily, I am going t o give you somet hing bet t er t han t hat .'' They will say, "And what t hing could be bet t er t han t hat '' Allah will say, "I have allowed for you My pleasure, so I will never be angry wit h you again aft er t his.'') In anot her Hadit h, it st at es t hat it will be said,

∇ラぺ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ や⇔ギハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠Α» ∇ヂΒあ ら∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∨∠ヲワ⊥ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ :ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨミ⊥ ゴ∠ イ ͡ ∇レΑ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ェ͡ゴ∇ェ∠ゴΑ⊥ ∠ヱ ゅ∠レレ∠ Α͡コや∠ヲョ∠ ∇モボ͡ ∇んΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∩͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠イエ ͡ ∇ャや ブ ⊥ ゼ ∠ ∇ムΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩∠るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゲ͡ ヌ ∠ レｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ぶ ͡ や ヲ∠ プ∠ «り∠キゅ∠Αゴあ ャや ("O people of Paradise, verily you all have an appoint ed promise wit h Allah t hat He would like t o fulfill for you.'' They will say, "And what is t hat Has He not already enlight ened our faces, made our Scales (of good deeds) heavy, saved us from t he Hellfire and ent ered us int o Paradise'' Then, t he veil will be lift ed and t hey will gaze upon Him (Allah). By Allah, He has not given t hem anyt hing bet t er t han t he opport unit y t o look upon Him, and t hat is t he increase (ext ra blessing).)

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ゅ⇔ィ∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇バわｚ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ ∇Βレ∠ ∇Βハ ∠ ラ ｚ ギｚ ヨ⊥ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ベ ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ わ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや り∠ ゲ∠ ∇ワコ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ト ∠ ∇タや∠ヱ り͡ ヲヤｚダャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ゲョ⊥ ∇ぺヱ∠ - ヴ∠ボ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ び ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ヤ͡ャ る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや∠ヱ マ ∠ ホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲル∠ リ ⊥ ∇エｚル ゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ マ ∠ ャ⊥ほ∠∇ジル∠ (131. And st rain not your eyes in longing for t he t hings We have given for enj oyment t o various groups of t hem, t he splendor of t he life of t his world, t hat We may t est t hem t hereby. But t he

provision of your Lord is bet t er and more last ing.) (132. And enj oin Salah on your family, and be pat ient in offering t hem. We ask not of you a provision: We provide for you. And t he good end is for t hose who have Taqwa.)

Do not look at the Enjoyment of the Wealthy, be patient in the worship of Allah Allah, t he Exalt ed, says t o His Prophet Muhammad , "Do not look at what t hese people of luxury and t heir likes and peers have of nice comfort s. For verily, it is only short -lived splendor and a feeble bount y, which We are using t o t est t hem wit h. And very few of My servant s are t ruly t hankful.'' Muj ahid said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ゅ⇔ィ∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ぴ (various groups of t hem,) "This means t he wealt hy people.'' This means, "Verily, We have given you (O Muhammad) bet t er t han t hat which We have given t hem.'' This is j ust as Allah says in anot her Ayah,

ユ∠ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヶ͡ルゅ∠んヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔バ∇らシ ∠ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∠マ∇Βレ∠ ∇Βハ ∠ ラ ｚ ギｚ ヨ⊥ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ (And indeed, We have best owed upon you seven repeat edly recit ed verses, and t he Grand Qur'an. Look not wit h your eyes ambit iously.) ぴ15:87-88び Likewise, t hat which Allah has st ored for His Messenger in t he Hereaft er is somet hing ext remely great . It is an unlimit ed reward t hat cannot be described. This is as Allah says,

び ヴ∠ッ∇ゲわ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ マ ∠ Β͡ト∇バΑ⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, your Lord will give you so t hat you shall be well-pleased.) ぴ93:5び For t his reason, Allah says,

びヴ∠ボ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ベ ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (But t he provision of your Lord is bet t er and more last ing. ) In t he Sahih it is recorded t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab ent ered upon t he Messenger of Allah while he was in t he small room in which he had separat ed himself from his wives aft er he had vowed t o st ay away from t hem. When he came in, he saw him (t he Prophet ) lying down upon a sandy st raw mat . There was not hing in t he house except a pile of sant t ree pods and some hanging equipment . ` Umar's eyes filled wit h t ears (upon seeing t his), so t he Messenger of Allah said t o him,

«∨⊥ゲヨ∠ ハ ⊥ ゅ∠Α マ ∠ Β͡ム∇らΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ»

(What makes you cry, O Umar) He replied, "O Messenger of Allah, verily Kisra and Caesar are living in t heir luxurious condit ions, yet you are t he chosen Friend of Allah amongst His creat ion'' The Prophet said,

∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ⊥ぺ ∨͡ゆゅｚトガ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇よや ゅ∠Α ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ マ ∠セ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヱ∠ ぺ∠» «ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠Βェ ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠らΒあ デ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろヤ∠イ あハ ⊥ (Do you have doubt , O son of Al-Khat t ab Those people have had t heir good hast ened for t hem in t he life of t his world.) Thus, t he Prophet was t he most abst inent of people concerning worldly luxuries, even t hough he had t he abilit y t o at t ain t hem. If he acquired anyt hing of worldly t reasures he would spend it on t his and t hat for t he servant s of Allah. He would never save anyt hing for himself for t he next day. Ibn Abi Hat im report ed from Abu Sa` id t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇リョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ぶ ⊥ やウ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ フ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» «ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ゲ∠ ∇ワコ∠ (Verily, t he t hing I fear most for you all is what Allah will allow you t o acquire of t he splendor of t his world. ) They (t he Companions) said, "What is t he splendor of t his world, O Messenger of Allah'' He said,

«チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや れ ⊥ ゅ∠ミゲ∠ よ∠ » (The blessings of t he eart h.) Qat adah and As-Suddi said, "The splendor of t his worldly life means t he beaut iful adornment s of t he life of t his world.'' Qat adah said,

び͡ヮΒプ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ わ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ぴ (t hat We may t est t hem t hereby.) "So t hat We may put t hem t o t rial.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ト ∠ ∇タや∠ヱ り͡ ヲヤｚダャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ゲョ⊥ ∇ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And enj oin t he Salah on your family, and be pat ient in offering t hem.) This means t o save t hem from t he punishment of Allah by t he est ablishment of t he prayer, and you also be pat ient in performing it . This is as Allah says,

び⇔やケゅ∠ル ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ホ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O you who believe! Ward off yourselves and your families against a Fire (Hell).) ぴ66:6び Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Zayd bin Aslam report ed from his fat her t hat he and Yarfa' would

somet imes spend t he night at ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab's. ` Umar had a cert ain t ime of night t hat he would get up and pray. However, somet imes he would not get up for it . Then, we would say, "He is not going t o get up like he usually does.'' When he would awaken, he would make his family get up as well. He would say,

びゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ト ∠ ∇タや∠ヱ り͡ ヲヤｚダャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ゲョ⊥ ∇ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And enj oin t he Salah on your family, and be pat ient in offering t hem.)'' Allah said;

び∠マホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲ∠ル リ ⊥ ∇エｚル ゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ マ ∠ ャ⊥ほ∠∇ジル∠ Ι ∠ぴ (We ask not of you a provision: We provide for you.) This means t hat if you est ablish t he prayer, your sust enance will come t o you from where you did not expect . This is as Allah says,

∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇ホコ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ィ∠ゲ∇ガョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ∠バ∇イΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ わｚ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ょジ ͡ わ∠ ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ (And whosoever has Taqwa of Allah, He will make a way for him t o get out (from every difficult y). And He will provide him from (sources) he never could imagine.) ぴ65:2-3び Allah also says,

びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ザ ∠ ル͡Ηや∠ヱ リ ｚイ ͡ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And I (Allah) creat ed not t he Jinn and mankind except t hat t hey should worship Me (Alone).) unt il,

びリ ⊥ Β͡わヨ∠ ∇ャや り͡ ヲｚ ボ⊥ ∇ャや ヱ⊥ク ベ ⊥ やｚコゲｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is t he All-Provider, Owner of Power, t he Most St rong.) ぴ51:56-58び Thus, Allah says,

び∠マホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲ∠ル リ ⊥ ∇エｚル ゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ マ ∠ ャ⊥ほ∠∇ジル∠ Ι ∠ぴ (We ask not of you a provision: We provide for you.) Verily, At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ほヤ∠∇ョぺ∠ ヶ͡ゎキ∠ ゅ∠らバ͡ ャ͡ ∇パゲｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ∠ ∇よや ゅ∠Α :ヴャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » れ ⊥ ∇ほヤ∠ョ∠ ∩∇モバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠ポゲ∠ ∇ボプ∠ ギｚ シ ⊥ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ ⇔ レ͡ビ ポ ∠ ケ∠ ∇ギタ ∠ «ポゲ∠ ∇ボプ∠ ｚギシ ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヤ∇ピセ ⊥ ポ ∠ ケ∠ ∇ギタ ∠ (Allah, t he Exalt ed, says, "O son of Adam, perform My worship and I will fill your chest wit h wealt h and fulfill your needs. If you do not do so, t hen I will fill your chest wit h t oil and I will not fulfill your needs.'') It is also report ed from Zayd bin Thabit t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

∩⊥ロゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ベ ∠ ゲｚ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヨワ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ろ ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ » ゅ∠ョ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βレ∠ ∇Βハ ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ボプ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ノ∠ ヨ∠ ィ ∠ ∩⊥ヮわ∠ Βｚ ル͡ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡ べ∇ャや ろ ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ «る∠ヨビ ͡ や∠ケ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヮ⊥ ∇わゎ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヶ͡プ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レビ ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ (Whoever makes t he worldly life his maj or concern, t hen Allah will scat t er his sit uat ion for him (i.e. make it difficult ) and his povert y will be placed bet ween his eyes. He will not get from t his world anyt hing except t hat which has already been writ t en for him. Whoever makes t he Hereaft er his int ent ion, t hen his sit uat ion will be gat hered for him (i.e. made easy) and his wealt h will be placed in his heart . The worldly life will come t o him anyway (in spit e of his not seeking it ).) Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ヤ͡ャ る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And t he good end is for t hose who have Taqwa.) This means t he good end in t his life and in t he Hereaft er. In t he Hereaft er t he good end will be Paradise for whoever feared Allah. In t he Sahih it is report ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

The Request of the Polytheists for Proofs while the Qur'an is itself a Proof Allah, t he Exalt ed, informs about t he disbelievers in t heir st at ement ,

び∠Ι∇ヲャ∠ぴ

(Why does not ) This means, ` Why doesn't Muhammad bring us some proof from his Lord' They meant a sign t hat was proof of his t rut hfulness in his claim t hat he was t he Messenger of Allah. Allah, t he Exalt ed, said,

びヴ∠ャヱｙΙや ブ ͡ エ ⊥ダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ る⊥ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Has t here not come t o t hem t he proof of t hat which is in t he former papers (Script ures)) This means t he Qur'an which Allah revealed t o him while he was an unlet t ered man who could not writ e well and who did not st udy wit h t he People of t he Book. Yet , t he Qur'an cont ains informat ion about t he people of t he past t hat t ells of t heir event s from t imes long ago and it agrees wit h t he aut hent ic informat ion in t he previous Books concerning t hese mat t ers. The Qur'an is t he supervisor of t hese ot her Books. It verifies what is correct and explains t he mist akes t hat were falsely placed in t hese Books and at t ribut ed t o t hem. This Ayah is similar t o Allah's st at ement in Surat Al-` Ankabut ,

ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ヮ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∀ろ⇒∠Αや￢ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘや マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ べｚル∠ぺ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ ャ∠ (And t hey say: "Why are not signs sent down t o him from his Lord'' Say: "The signs are only wit h Allah, and I am only a plain warner.'' It is not sufficient for t hem t hat We have sent down t o you t he Book which is recit ed t o t hem Verily, herein is mercy and a reminder for a people who believe.) ぴ29:50-51び In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

リ ∠ ョ∠ へ ゅ∠ョ れ ͡ ゅΑべ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヶ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヶ ∠ ら͡ ル∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» ゅ⇔Β∇ェヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ ヵ͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ゲゼ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョ͡ンヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔バ͡よゅ∠ゎ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ∩ｚヶャ∠ま͡ ぶ ⊥ や ロ⊥ ゅ∠ェ∇ヱぺ∠ «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ (There was not any Prophet except t hat he was given signs t hat caused men t o believe. That which I have been given is a revelat ion t hat Allah has revealed t o me, so I hope t hat I have t he most followers among t hem (t he Prophet s) on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) In t his Hadit h, t he Prophet only ment ioned t he great est of t he signs t hat he was given, which is t he Qur'an. However, he did have ot her miracles, which were innumerable and limit less. These miracles have all been recorded in t he books t hat discuss t hem, and t hey have been affirmed in t he places t hat ment ion t hem. Then Allah says,

Ι∇ヲャ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ べｚル∠ぺ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び⇔Ιヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ろ ∠ ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ (And if We had dest royed t hem wit h a t orment before t his, t hey would surely have said: "Our Lord! If only You had sent us a Messenger...'') This means, "If We had dest royed t hese rej ect ing people before We sent t his Noble Messenger t o t hem and revealed t he Might y Book t o t hem, t hey would have said,

び⇔Ιヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ろ ∠ ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ Ι∇ヲャ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! If only You had sent us a Messenger,) meaning, ` before you dest royed us, so we could have believed in him and followed him.' This is like Allah said,

びン∠ゴ∇ガル∠ ヱ∠ メ ｚ グ͡ ルｚ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ノ∠ ら͡ わｚ レ∠ プ∠ ぴ (we should cert ainly have followed Your Ayat , before we were humiliat ed and disgraced.) Allah, t he Exalt ed, explains t hat t hese rej ect ers are st ubborn and obst inat e and t hey will not believe.

び ユ∠ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る∃ Α∠ や￢ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Even if every sign should come t hem, unt il t hey see t he painful t orment .) ぴ10:97び This is as Allah says,

∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ∀ポ∠ケゅ∠らョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ (And t his is a blessed Book which We have sent down, so follow it and have Taqwa (of Allah), t hat you may receive mercy.) Unt il His st at ement ,

び∠ラヲ⊥プギ͡ ∇ダΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ぴ (because of t heir t urning away.) ぴ6:155-157び Allah also says,

∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ͡ゃャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ギ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ユョ∠ Ι ｙ や ンギ∠ ∇ェま͡ ∇リョ͡ ン∠ギ∇ワぺ∠ リ ｚ ル⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャｚ

(And t hey swore by Allah t heir most binding oat h t hat if a warner came t o t hem, t hey would be more guided t han any of t he nat ions (before t hem).) ぴ35:42び

∀る∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ͡ゃャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ギ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ｚリレ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ ｚャ (And t hey swear t heir st rongest oat hs by Allah, t hat if t here came t o t hem a sign, t hey would surely believe t herein.) ぴ6:109び t o t he complet ion of t hose Ayat . Then, Allah says,

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say) "Say, O Muhammad, t o t hose who deny you, oppose you and cont inue in t heir disbelief and obst inance.''

び∀ゾよあ ゲ∠ わ∠ ョぁ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ぴ (Each one is wait ing,) among you and us;

び∇やヲ⊥ダよｚ ゲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so wait you t oo;) This is a command t o await (ant icipat e).

びあヵヲ͡ ジ ｚ ャや ヅ ͡ や∠ゲダ あ ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バわ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and you shall know who are t hey t hat are on As-Sirat As-Sawi.) This means t he st raight road.

びン∠ギわ∠ ∇ワや リ ͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And who are t hey t hat have let t hemselves be guided. ) meaning guidance t o t he t rut h and t he pat h of right guidance. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び⇔ΚΒ͡らシ ∠ (And t hey will know, when t hey see t he t orment , who it is t hat is most ast ray from t he pat h!) ぴ25:42び And Allah said,

び ゲ⊥ セ ͡Ι ｘやゆ ⊥ やｚグ∠ム∇ャや リ ͡ ョｚ や⇔ギ∠ビ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΒ∠ シ ∠ぴ

(Tomorrow t hey will come t o know who is liar, t he insolent one!) ぴ54:26び This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surah Ta Ha, and all praise and grat it ude is due t o Allah. The Tafsir of Surat Al-Anbiya' will follow t his, if Allah wills. And all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Anbiya (Chapter - 21) Which was revealed in Makkah The Virtues of Surat Al-Anbiya' and Al-Anbiya' - t hey are among t he earliest and most beaut iful Surahs and t hey are my t reasure.''

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョぁ る∃ ヤ∠∇ヘビ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ ⇒∠ジェ ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホやぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゐ ∃ ギ∠ ∇エョぁ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ ゲ∃ ∇ミク͡ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱぁゲシ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ る⇔ Β∠ ワ͡ Ι ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ら∠バ∇ヤ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇モワ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン∠ヲ∇イレｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヴあよケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇エジ あ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほわ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ メ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ∀ゲ͡ハゅ∠セ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや モ ͡ よ∠ ュ∃ Κ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ゑ ⊥ ⇒∠ピ∇ッぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇モよ∠ ∇ろレ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱｚ Ι ｘや モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ べ∠ヨミ∠ る∃ Α∠ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゅ∠レゎ͡ ∇ほΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ (1. Draws near for mankind t heir reckoning, while t hey t urn away in heedlessness.) (2. Comes not unt o t hem an admonit ion from t heir Lord as a recent revelat ion but t hey list en t o it while t hey play.) (3. Wit h t heir heart s occupied. Those who do wrong, conceal t heir privat e counsels, (saying): "Is t his more t han a human being like you Will you submit t o magic while you see it '') (4. He said: "My Lord knows what is said in t he heavens and on eart h. And He is t he All-Hearer, t he All-Knower.'') (5. Nay, t hey say: "These are mixed up false dreams! Nay, he has invent ed it !

-- Nay, he is a poet ! Let him t hen bring us an Ayah like t he ones t hat were sent before!'') (6. Not one of t he t owns of t hose which We dest royed, believed before t hem; will t hey t hen believe.)

The Hour is at hand but People are heedless This is a warning from Allah of t he approach of t he Hour, and t hat people are heedless of it , i.e., t hey are not working for it or preparing for it . An-Nasa'i recorded t hat Abu Sa` id report ed from t he Prophet :

び∠ラヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョぁ る∃ ヤ∠∇ヘビ ∠ ヴ͡プぴ (while t hey t urn away in heedlessness), he said,

«ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ» (in t his world.) Allah says:

び⊥ロヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∠ぺぴ (The Event ordained by Allah will come t o pass, so seek not t o hast en it )

る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ペ ｚゼ ∠ ルや∠ヱ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ろ ͡ よ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホやぴ び∇やヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バΑ⊥ (The Hour has drawn near, and t he moon has been cleft asunder. And if t hey see a sign, t hey t urn away.) ぴ54:1,2び. Then Allah st at es t hat t hey do not list en t o t he revelat ion (Wahy) t hat He sends down t o His Messenger , which is addressed t o t he Quraysh and all disbelievers like t hem.

び∃ゐ∠ギ∇エョぁ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ ゲ∃ ∇ミク͡ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (Comes not unt o t hem an admonit ion from t heir Lord as a recent revelat ion) meaning, newlyrevealed,

び∠ラヲ⊥らバ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バ∠ヨ∠わ∇シや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (but t hey list en t o it while t hey play. ) This is like what Ibn ` Abbas said, "Why do you ask t he People of t he Book about what t hey have, which has been alt ered and dist ort ed, and t hey have added t hings and t aken t hings away, when your Book is t he most recent ly revealed from Allah, and you read it pure and unadult erat ed'' Al-Bukhari recorded somet hing similar t o t his.

び∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン∠ヲ∇イレｚ ャや ∇やヱぁゲ∠シ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (Those who do wrong, conceal t heir privat e counsels) meaning, what t hey say t o one anot her in secret .

び∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥∇んョあ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇モワ∠ ぴ (Is t his more t han a human being like you) meaning, t he Messenger of Allah . They did not believe t hat he could be a Prophet because he was a human being like t hem, so how could he have been singled out t o receive revelat ion, and not t hem They said:

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇エジ あ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほわ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Will you submit t o magic while you see it ) meaning, will you follow him and be like one who submit s t o magic when he knows t hat it is magic Allah said in response t o t heir fabricat ions and lies:

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ メ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヴあよケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "My Lord knows what is said in t he heavens and on eart h...'') Not hing at all is hidden from t he One Who knows t hat , and He is t he One Who reveals t his Qur'an which cont ains news of t he earliest and last generat ions. No one can produce t he like of t his except t he One Who knows all t he secret s of t he heavens and t he eart h.

び⊥ユΒ͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He is t he All-Hearer, t he All-Knower.) means, He hears all t hat t hey say and He knows all t heir circumst ances. This is a warning and a t hreat t o t hem.

The Disbelievers' Ideas about the Qur'an and the Messenger ; their demand for a Sign and the Refutation of that

び⊥ロや∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや モ ͡ よ∠ ュ∃ Κ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ゑ ⊥ ⇒∠ピ∇ッぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, t hey say: "These are mixed up false dreams! Nay, he has invent ed it !...'') Here Allah t ells us of t he st ubbornness and heresy of t he disblievers, and t he various t hings t hey said about t he Qur'an, and how t hey were confused and misguided about it . Somet imes t hey described it as magic, and somet imes t hey described it as poet ry, or mixed up false dreams, or a fabricat ion. As Allah says:

Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲぁヤツ ∠ プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ん∇ョΙ ｘや マ ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ッ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルやぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ∇バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (See what examples t hey have put forward for you. So t hey have gone ast ray, and never can t hey find a way) ぴ17:48び

び∠ラヲ⊥ャヱｚ Ι ｘやモ ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ べ∠ヨミ∠ る∃ Α∠ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゅ∠レゎ͡ ∇ほΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ぴ (Let him t hen bring us an Ayah like t he ones t hat were sent before!) They were referring t o t he she-camel of Salih, and t he signs of Musa and ` Isa. And Allah says,

ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲルぁ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レバ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ャヱｚ ｘΙや (And not hing st ops Us from sending t he Ayat but t hat t he people of old denied t hem.) ぴ17:59び. So Allah said here:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ∇ろレ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ョぴ び (Not one of t he t owns of t hose which We dest royed, believed before t hem; will t hey t hen believe) None of t he peoples t o whom Messengers were sent were given a sign at t he hands of t heir Prophet and believed. On t he cont rary, t hey disbelieved and We dest royed t hem as a result . Would t hese people believe in a sign if t hey saw it Not at all! In fact ,

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ユ∠ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る∃ Α∠ や￢ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ (Truly, t hose, against whom t he Word of your Lord has been j ust ified, will not believe. Even if every sign should come t o t hem, unt il t hey see t he painful t orment .) ぴ10:96-97び. Indeed, t hey wit nes- sed clear signs and definit ive proof at t he hands of t he Messen- ger of Allah , signs which were far clearer and more overwhel- ming t han any t hat had been wit nessed in t he case of any ot her Prophet , may t he blessings and peace of Allah be upon t hem all.

∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠ゃ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲぁル Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ィケ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ゲ͡ ∇ミグあ ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ - リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ｚ や⇔ギ∠ジィ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼルｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ギ∠ ∇ハヲ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホギ∠ タ ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡プゲ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや (7. And We sent not before you but men t o whom We revealed. So ask t he people of t he Reminder if you do not know.) (8. And We did not place t hem in bodies t hat did not eat food, nor were t hey immort als.) (9. Then We fulfilled t o t hem t he promise. So We saved t hem and t hose whom We willed, but We dest royed Al-Musrifin.)

The Messengers are no more than Human Beings Here Allah refut es t hose who denied t hat human Messengers could be sent :

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲぁル Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ィケ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We sent not before you but men t o whom We revealed.) meaning, all t he Messengers who came before you were men, human beings. There were no angels among t hem. This is like t he Ayat :

∇リョあ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲぁル Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ィケ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ (And We sent not before you any but men unt o whom We revealed, from among t he people of t ownships) ぴ12:109び

び͡モシ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ハ∇ギよ͡ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "I am not a new t hing among t he Messengers...) ぴ46:9び Allah t ells us t hat t he previous nat ions denied t hat and said:

びゅ∠レル∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ("Shall mere men guide us'') ぴ64:6び. So Allah says here:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ユ⊥わ∇レミ⊥ ラ͡ま ゲ͡ ∇ミグあ ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャほ∠∇シゅ∠プぴ (So ask t he people of t he Reminder if you do not know.) meaning, ask t he people of knowledge among t he nat ions such as t he Jews and Christ ians and ot her groups: ` were t he Messengers who came t o you human beings or angels' Indeed t hey were human beings. This is a part of t he perfect blessing of Allah t owards His creat ion: He sent t o t hem Messengers from among t hemselves so t hat t hey could receive t he Message from t hem and learn from t hem.

び∠ュゅ∠バト ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ｚ や⇔ギ∠ジィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We did not place t hem in bodies t hat did not eat food...) meaning, rat her t hey had bodies t hat at e food, as Allah says:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び͡ベや∠ヲ∇シΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや (And We never sent before you any of t he Messengers but verily, t hey at e food and walked in t he market s) ぴ25:20び meaning, t hey were human beings who at e and drank like all ot her people, and t hey went t o t he market places t o earn a living and engage in business; t hat did not affect t hem adversely or reduce t heir st at us in any way, as t he idolat ors imagined.

ヴ͡プ ヴ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰャ͡ ゅ∠ョぴ ∇ヱぺ∠や⇔ゲΑ͡グル∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ マ ∀ ヤ∠ョ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ Ι∇ヲャ∠ ベ ͡ や∠ヲ∇シΙ ｘや びゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∀るレｚ ∠ィ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀ゴ∇レ∠ミ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ (And t hey say: "Why does t his Messenger eat food, and walk about in t he market s. Why is not an angel sent down t o him t o be a warner wit h him Or (why) has not a t reasure been grant ed t o him, or why has he not a garden whereof he may eat '') ぴ25:7-8び

び∠リΑ͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (nor were t hey immort als) meaning, in t his world; on t he cont rary, t hey lived, t hen t hey died.

び∠ギ∇ヤガ ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ゲ∃ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We grant ed not t o any human being immort alit y before you) ぴ21:34び But what dist inguished t hem from ot hers was t hat t hey received revelat ion from Allah, and t he angels brought down t o t hem from Allah His rulings concerning His creat ion, what He commanded and what He prohibit ed.

び∠ギ∇ハヲ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホギ∠ タ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ Then We fulfilled t o t hem t he promise. t he promise t hat t heir Lord made t o dest roy t he evildoers. Alla0h fulfilled His promise and did t hat . He says:

び⊥￢べ∠ゼルｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠イル∠ほ∠プぴ (So We saved t hem and t hose whom We willed,) meaning, t heir followers among t he believers,

び∠リΒ͡プゲ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (but We dest royed Al-Musrifin.) meaning, t hose who disbelieved t he Message brought by t he Messengers.

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ミク͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ ゅ∠ワ∠ギ∇バ∠よ ゅ∠ル∇ほゼ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヨダ ∠ ホ∠ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クま͡ べ∠レシ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ∇やヲぁジェ ∠ ぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ケや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ツミ⊥ ∇ゲゎ∠ Ι ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ツミ⊥ ∇ゲ∠Α べ∠レヤ∠∇Αヲ∠ Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ム͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇プゲ͡ ∇ゎぺ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヲ∇ハキ∠ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ろ∠ャや∠コ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま びリ ∠ Α͡ギヨ͡ ⇒∠カ や⇔ギΒ͡ダェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ (10. Indeed, We have sent down for you a Book in which t here is Dhikrukum. Will you not t hen underst and) (11. How many a t own given t o wrongdoing, have We dest royed, and raised up aft er t hem anot her people!) (12. Then, when t hey sensed Our t orment , behold, t hey (t ried t o) flee from it .) (13. Flee not , but ret urn t o t hat wherein you lived a luxurious life, and t o your homes, in order t hat you may be quest ioned.) (14. They cried: "Woe t o us! Cert ainly we have been wrongdoers.'') (15. And t hat cry of t heirs ceased not , t ill We made t hem as a field t hat is reaped, ext inct .)

The Virtue of the Qur'an Here Allah point s out t he noble st at us of t he Qur'an and urges t hem t o recognize it s wort h:

び∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ミク͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ

(Indeed, We have sent down for you a Book in which t here is Dhikrukum). Ibn ` Abbas said: "Honor for you.''

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Will you not t hen underst and) means, will you not underst and t his blessing, and accept it This is like t he Ayah:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジゎ⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャｚ ゲ∀ ∇ミグ͡ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, t his is indeed a Reminder for you and your people, and you will be quest ioned.) ぴ43:44び

How the Evildoers were destroyed

び⇔るヨ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヨダ ∠ ホ∠ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (How many a t own given t o wrongdoing, have We dest royed,) meaning, t hey were very many. This is like t he Ayah:

び∃ゥヲ⊥ル ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ム∠ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And how many generat ions have We dest royed aft er Nuh!) ぴ17:17び

ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ニ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ リあΑ∠ほ∠ム∠プぴ びゅ∠ヰセ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲハ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∀ Α∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠カ (And many a t ownship did We dest roy while t hey were given t o wrongdoing, so t hat it lie in ruins) ぴ22:45び.

び∠リΑ͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠ワ∠ギ∇バ∠よ ゅ∠ル∇ほゼ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (and raised up aft er t hem anot her people!) means, anot her nat ion which came aft er t hem.

びべ∠レシ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ∇やヲぁジェ ∠ ぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then, when t hey sensed Our t orment ,) when t hey realized t hat t he t orment would undoubt edly come upon t hem, j ust as t heir Prophet had warned t hem,

び∠ラヲ⊥ツミ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クま͡ぴ (behold, t hey (t ried t o) flee from it .) t hey t ried t o run away.

ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇プゲ͡ ∇ゎぺ⊥ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ケや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ツミ⊥ ∇ゲゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ム͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ヱ∠ (Flee not , but ret urn t o t hat wherein you lived a luxurious life, and t o your homes,) This is a way of ridiculing t hem. It will be said t o t hem by way of ridicule: "Do not run away from t he coming t orment ; go back t o t he delight s and luxuries and fine homes in which you were living.'' Qat adah said, "Mocking t hem.''

び∠ラヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (in order t hat you may be quest ioned) about whet her you gave t hanks for what you had.

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠レ∠ヤ∇Α∠ヲΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They cried: "Woe t o us! Cert ainly we have been wrong- doers.'') They will confess t heir sins when it will be of no benefit t o t hem.

や⇔ギΒ͡ダェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヲ∇ハキ∠ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ろ∠ャや∠コ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ギヨ͡ ⇒∠カ (And t hat cry of t heirs ceased not , t ill We made t hem as a field t hat is reaped, ext inct .) meaning, "t hey will keep on saying t hat , admit t ing t heir wrong- doing, unt il We harvest t hem as it were, and t heir movement s and voices come t o a st op.''

リ ∠ Β͡らハ ͡Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ゅｚレミ⊥ ラ͡ま べｚルギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ Ι ｚ や⇔ヲ∇ヰャ∠ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ ルｚ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ル∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ヮ⊥ ピ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ギΒ∠ プ∠ モ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ フ ⊥ グ͡ ∇ボル∠ ∇モよ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤバ͡ ⇒∠プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ モ ⊥ ∇Αヲ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∀ペ͡ワや∠コ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ Ι ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ

- ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ∇エわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ⊥ ∇ヘΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∠ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇Βヤｚ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エらあ ジ ∠ Α⊥ (16. We creat ed not t he heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is bet ween t hem for play.) (17. Had We int ended t o t ake a past ime, We could surely have t aken it from Us, if We were going t o do (t hat ).) (18. Nay, We fling t he t rut h against t he falsehood, so it dest roys it , and behold, it disappears. And woe t o you for t hat which you ascribe.) (19. To Him belongs whosoever is in t he heavens and on eart h. And t hose who are near Him are not t oo proud t o worship Him, nor are t hey weary.) (20. They glorify His praises night and day, t hey never slacken.)

Creation was made with Justice and Wisdom Allah t ells us t hat He creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h in t rut h, i.e. wit h j ust ice.

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン͡ゴ∇イΑ͡ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥￢ゅ∠シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン ∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ びヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ (t hat He may requit e t hose who do evil wit h t hat which t hey have done, and reward t hose who do good, wit h what is best .) ぴ53:31び. He did not creat e all t hat in vain or for (mere) play:

Κ ⇔ ト ͡ ⇒∠よ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ モ ∀ ∇Αヲ∠ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ぁニ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ び ケ͡ ゅｚレャや (And We creat ed not t he heaven and t he eart h and all t hat is bet ween t hem wit hout purpose! That is t he considerat ion of t hose who disbelieve! Then woe t o t hose who disbelieve from t he Fire!) ぴ38:27び

ゅｚレミ⊥ ラ͡ま べｚルギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ Ι ｚ や⇔ヲ∇ヰャ∠ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ ルｚ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ル∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヤバ͡ ⇒∠プ (Had We int ended t o t ake a past ime, We could surely have t aken it from Us, if We were going t o do (t hat ).) Ibn Abi Naj ih said, narrat ing from Muj ahid:

びべｚルギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ Ι ｚ や⇔ヲ∇ヰャ∠ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ ルｚ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ル∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ

(Had We int ended t o t ake a past ime, We could surely have t aken it from Us,) "Meaning, ` From Ourself,' He is saying, ` We would not have creat ed Paradise or Hell or deat h or t he resurrect ion or t he Reckoning.'''

び∠リΒ͡ヤバ͡ ⇒∠プ ゅｚレミ⊥ ラ͡まぴ (if We were going t o do (t hat ). ) Qat adah, As-Suddi, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i and Mughirah bin Miqsam said: "This means, ` We will not do t hat .''' Muj ahid said, every t ime t he word

び∇ラぺ∠ぴ (if) is used in t he Qur'an, it is a negat ion.

び͡モト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ フ ⊥ グ͡ ∇ボル∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, We fling t he t rut h against t he falsehood,) means, ` We explain t he t rut h and t hus defeat falsehood.' Allah says:

び∀ペワ͡ や∠コ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ピ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ギΒ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so it dest roys it , and behold, it disappears.) it is fading and vanishing.

び⊥モ∇Αヲ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And woe t o you) O you who say t hat Allah has offspring.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョぴ (for t hat which you ascribe.) t hat which you say and fabricat e. Then Allah informs of t he servit ude of t he angels, and how t hey persevere in worship night and day:

Everything belongs to Allah and serves Him

び⊥ロギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (To Him belongs whosoever is in t he heavens and on eart h. And t hose who are near Him) i.e., t he angels,

び͡ヮゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ

(are not t oo proud t o worship Him,) t hey do not feel proud and do not refuse t o worship Him. This is like t he Ayah:

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ブ ∠ ム͡ レ∠わ∇ジΑ∠ リｚャぴ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ブム͡ ∇レわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや び ゅ⇔バΒヨ͡ ィ ∠ ヮ͡ Β∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エΒ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ (Al-Masih will never be proud t o rej ect being a servant of Allah, nor t he angels who are t he near. And whosoever rej ect s His worship and is proud, t hen He will gat her t hem all t oget her unt o Himself.) ぴ4:172び

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ∇エわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor are t hey weary.) means, t hey do not get t ired or feel bored.

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ⊥ ∇ヘΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∠ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇Βヤｚ∇ャや ∠ラヲ⊥エらあ ∠ジΑ⊥ ぴ (They glorify His praises night and day, t hey never slacken.) They persist in t heir worship night and day, obeying Allah t o t he ut most , and t hey are able t o do t his, as Allah says:

ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ダ∇バΑ∠ Ι ｚぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ゲョ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ (who do not disobey Allah in what He commands t hem, but do what t hey are commanded) ぴ66:6び

∇ヲャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョあ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡へ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚや ュ͡ ぺ∠ぴ ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らジ ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠ゎギ∠ ジ ∠ ヘ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや Ι ｚ ま͡ る∀ ヰ∠ ャ͡へ べ∠ヨヰ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ メ ⊥ ほ∠∇ジΑ⊥ Ι ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ Α∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ⊥ (21. Or have t hey t aken (for worship) gods from t he eart h who raise t he dead) (22. Had t here been t herein (in t he heavens and t he eart h) gods besides Allah, t hen verily, bot h would have been ruined. Glorified be Allah, t he Lord of t he Throne, (High is He) above all t hat (evil) t hey

associat e wit h Him!) (23. He cannot be quest ioned as t o what He does, while t hey will be quest ioned.)

Refutation of false gods Allah denounces t hose who t ake ot her gods inst ead of Him:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョあ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡へ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚや ュ͡ ぺ∠ぴ (Or have t hey t aken gods from t he eart h who raise t he dead) meaning, can t hey bring t he dead back t o life and bring t hem fort h from t he eart h They cannot do any of t hat , so how can t hey make t hem rivals t o Allah and worship t hem alongside Him Then Allah t ells us t hat if t here were anot her god besides Him, t he heavens and t he eart h would be ruined:

び∀るヰ∠ ャ͡へ べ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ (Had t here been t herein gods) means, in t he heavens and t he eart h,

びゅ∠ゎギ∠ ジ ∠ ヘ∠ ャ∠ぴ (t hen verily, bot h would have been ruined.) This is like t he Ayah:

や⇔ク͡ま ∃ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ギ∃ ャ∠ヱ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ゅ∠ョぴ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ Κ ∠ バ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ ぁモミ⊥ ょ ∠ ワ∠ グ∠ ャｚ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ Α∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ (No son did Allah beget , nor is t here any god along wit h Him. Then each god would have t aken away what he had creat ed, and some would have t ried t o overcome ot hers! Glorified be Allah above all t hat t hey at t ribut e t o Him!) ぴ23:91び. And Allah says here:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ Α∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らジ ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (Glorified be Allah, t he Lord of t he Throne, above all t hat t hey associat e wit h Him!) meaning, glorified be He above what t hey say about Him having offspring or part ners; glorified and exalt ed and sanct ified be He far above all t he lies t hat t hey fabricat e.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ メ ⊥ ほ∠∇ジΑ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (He cannot be quest ioned about what He does, while t hey will be quest ioned.) He is t he Ruler Whose rule cannot be overt urned and none can obj ect t o it , because of His might , maj est y, pride, knowledge, wisdom, j ust ice and subt let y.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (while t hey will be quest ioned.) means, He is t he One Who will ask His creat ion about what t hey did. This is like t he Ayah:

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚヨハ ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ヤ∠⇒∠∇ジレ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, by your Lord, We shall cert ainly call all of t hem t o account . For all t hat t hey used t o do.) ぴ15:92-93び

び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ケ⊥ ゅ∠イΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ Β͡ ∇イΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He prot ect s (all), while against Whom t here is no prot ect or) ぴ23:88び

∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ワ∇ゲよ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ワ ∇モホ⊥ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グ∠ガゎｚ や ュ͡ ぺ∠ぴ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇モよ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ リ∠ョ ゲ⊥ ∇ミク͡ ヱ∠ ヴ ∠ バ͡ ョｚ リ∠ョ ゲ⊥ ∇ミク͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥ル Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ (24. Or have t hey t aken for worship gods besides Him Say: "Bring your proof. This is t he Reminder for t hose wit h me and t he Reminder for t hose before me.'' But most of t hem know not t he Trut h, so t hey are averse.) (25. And We did not send any Messenger before you but We revealed t o him (saying): "There is no God but I, so worship Me.'')

び∇モホ⊥ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚや ュ͡ ぺ∠ぴ (Or have t hey t aken for worship gods besides Him Say:) -- O Muhammad --

び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ワ∇ゲよ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ワぴ (Bring your proof.) your evidence for what you are saying.

び∠ヴバ͡ ョｚ リ∠ョ ゲ⊥ ∇ミク͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ

(This is t he Reminder for t hose wit h me) means, t he Qur'an.

びヴ͡ヤ∇らホ∠ リ∠ョ ゲ⊥ ∇ミク͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t he Reminder for t hose before me) means, t he previous Books, unlike what you claim. Each Book was revealed t o each Prophet who was sent wit h t he message t hat t here is no god except Allah, but you idolat ors do not recognize t he t rut h, so you t urn away from it . Allah says:

ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥ル Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅレ∠ ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ (And We did not send any Messenger before you but We revealed t o him (saying): "There is no god but I. ..'') This is like t he Ayat :

ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠レ͡ヤシ ⊥ ケぁ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇モゃ∇シや∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら∠ ∇バΑ⊥ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ (And ask t hose of Our Messengers whom We sent before you: "Did We ever appoint gods t o be worshipped besides t he Most Gracious'') ぴ43:45び

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ モ あ ミ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∠れヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚト∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ (And verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming): "Worship Allah, and avoid Taghut (all false deit ies).'') ぴ16:36び Every Prophet who was sent by Allah called people t o worship Allah Alone, wit h no part ner or associat e. The nat ural inclinat ion of man (Al-Fit rah) also bears wit ness t o t hat . The idolat ors have no proof and t heir disput e is of no use before t heir Lord; on t hem is wrat h, and for t hem will be a severe t orment .

∀キゅ∠ら͡ハ ∇モよ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ボら͡ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ∠ ∇ムョぁ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ヮ͡ わ͡ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ツゎ∠ ∇ケや リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヘ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠

ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ヴあルま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇モボ⊥ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヮ͡ Α͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠プ (26. And t hey say: "The Most Gracious has begot t en children.'' Glory t o Him! They are but honored servant s.) (27. They speak not unt il He has spoken, and t hey act on His command.) (28. He knows what is before t hem, and what is behind t hem, and t hey cannot int ercede except for him wit h whom He is pleased. And t hey st and in awe for fear of Him.) (29. And if any of t hem should say: "Verily, I am a god besides Him,'' such We should recompense wit h Hell. Thus We recompense t he wrongdoers.)

The Refutation of Those Who claim that the Angels are the Daughters of Allah; description of their Deeds and Status Here Allah refut es t hose who claim t hat He has offspring among t he angels -- exalt ed and sanct ified be He. Some of t he Arabs believed t hat t he angels were t he daught ers of Allah, but Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥ョゲ∠ ∇ムョぁ ∀キゅ∠ら͡ハ ∇モよ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ (Glory t o Him! They are but honored servant s.) meaning, t he angels are servant s of Allah who are honored by Him and who hold high posit ions of noble st at us. They obey Him t o t he ut most in all t heir words and deeds.

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ボら͡ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (They speak not unt il He has spoken, and t hey act on His command.) meaning, t hey do not init iat e any mat t er before Him or go against His commands; on t he cont rary, t hey hast en t o do as He commands, and He encompasses t hem wit h His knowledge so t hat not hing what soever is hidden from Him.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ぴ (He knows what is before t hem, and what is behind t hem,)

びヴ∠ツゎ∠ ∇ケや リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヘ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey cannot int ercede except for him wit h whom He is pleased.) This is like t he Ayat :

び͡ヮ͡ル∇ク͡み͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠ク リ∠ョぴ (Who is he t hat can int ercede wit h Him except wit h His permission) ぴ2:255び

び⊥ヮャ∠ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ る⊥ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘゼ ｚ ャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Int ercession wit h Him profit s not except for him whom He permit s) ぴ34:23び. There are many Ayat which say similar t hings.

び͡ヮわ͡ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey for fear of Him) means, because t hey fear Him.

び͡ヮル͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ヮ∀ ⇒∠ャま͡ ヴあルま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇モボ⊥ Α∠ リ∠ョヲ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ぴ (And t hey st and in awe. And if any of t hem should say: "Verily, I am a god besides Him,'') meaning, whoever claims t o be a god inst ead of Allah, i.e., alongside Allah,

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヮ͡ Α͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠プぴ (such We should recompense wit h Hell. Thus We recompense t he wrongdoers.) meaning, everyone who says t his. This is a condit ional sent ence, and t he condit ion st at ed does not necessarily have t o t ake place. This is like t he Ayat :

びリ ∠ Α͡ギら͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ほ∠プ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "If t he Most Gracious had a son, t hen I am t he first of worshippers.'') ぴ43:81び

リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ リ ｚト ∠ ら∠ ∇エΒ∠ ャ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ぴ び∠リΑ͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや (If you j oin ot hers in worship wit h Allah, (t hen) surely, (all) your deeds will be in vain, and you will cert ainly be among t he losers.) ぴ39:65び

チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ￢͡ べ∠ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボわ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ボ∇ゎケ∠ ゅ∠わ∠ルゅ∠ミ ヴ ∠シ ͡ や∠ヱケ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ ｙェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚ∠バャｚ Κ ⇔ ら⊥ シ ⊥ ゅ⇔ィゅ∠イプ͡ ゅヰ∠ Β͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ギ∠ Β͡ヨゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ

∇リハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ニヲ⊥ヘ∇エョｚ ゅ⇔ヘ∇ボシ ∠ ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エら∠ ∇ジΑ∠ マ ∃ ヤ∠プ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ (30. Have not t hose who disbelieve known t hat t he heavens and t he eart h were j oined t oget her as one unit ed piece, t hen We part ed t hem And We have made from wat er every living t hing. Will t hey not t hen believe) (31. And We have placed on t he eart h firm mount ains, lest it should shake wit h t hem, and We placed t herein broad highways for t hem t o pass t hrough, t hat t hey may be guided.) (32. And We have made t he heaven a roof, safe and well-guarded. Yet t hey t urn away from it s signs). (33. And He it is Who has creat ed t he night and t he day, and t he sun and t he moon, each in an orbit float ing.)

The Signs of Allah in the Heavens and the Earth and in the Night and the Day Here Allah t ells of His perfect might and power in His creat ion and subj ugat ion of all t hings.

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Have not t hose who disbelieve known) means, t hose who deny His Divine nat ure and worship ot hers inst ead of Him, do t hey not realize t hat Allah is t he One Who is Independent in His powers of creat ion and is running t he affairs of all t hings wit h absolut e power So how can it be appropriat e t o worship anyt hing else beside Him or t o associat e ot hers in worship wit h Him Do t hey not see t hat t he heavens and t he eart h were j oined t oget her, i.e. in t he beginning t hey were all one piece, at t ached t o one anot her and piled up on t op of one anot her, t hen He separat ed t hem from one anot her, and made t he heavens seven and t he eart h seven, placing t he air bet ween t he eart h and t he lowest heaven. Then He caused rain t o fall from t he sky and veget at ion t o grow from t he eart h. He says:

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ ｙェ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ￢͡ べ∠ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have made from wat er every living t hing. Will t hey not t hen believe) meaning, t hey see wit h t heir own eyes how creat ion develops st ep by st ep. All of t hat is proof of t he exist ence of t he Creat or Who is in cont rol of all t hings and is able t o do what ever He wills.

In everything there is a Sign of Him, showing that He is One. Sufyan At h-Thawri narrat ed from his fat her from ` Ikrimah t hat Ibn ` Abbas was asked; "Did t he night come first or t he day'' He said, "Do you t hink t hat when t he heavens and t he eart h were j oined t oget her, t here was anyt hing bet ween t hem except darkness Thus you may know t hat t he night came before t he day. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat a man came t o him and quest ioned him about when t he heavens and eart h were j oined t oget her t hen t hey were part ed. He said, "Go t o t hat old man (Shaykh) and ask him, t hen come and t ell me what he says t o you.'' So he went t o Ibn ` Abbas and asked him. Ibn ` Abbas said: "Yes, t he heavens were j oined t oget her and it did not rain, and t he eart h was j oined t oget her and not hing grew. When living beings were creat ed t o populat e t he eart h, rain came fort h from t he heavens and

veget at ion came fort h from t he eart h.'' The man went back t o Ibn ` Umar and t old him what had been said. Ibn ` Umar said, "Now I know t hat Ibn ` Abbas has been given knowledge of t he Qur'an. He has spoken t he t rut h, and t his is how it was.'' Ibn ` Umar said: "I did not like t he daring at t it ude of Ibn ` Abbas in his Tafsir of t he Qur'an, but now I know t hat he has been given knowledge of t he Qur'an.'' Sa` id bin Jubayr said: "The heavens and t he eart h were at t ached t o one anot her, t hen when t he heavens were raised up, t he eart h became separat e from t hem, and t his is t heir part ing which was ment ioned by Allah in His Book.'' Al-Hasan and Qat adah said, "They were j oined t oget her, t hen t hey were separat ed by t his air.''

びｙヴェ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ￢͡ べ∠ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have made from wat er every living t hing. ) meaning, t he origin of every living t hing is in wat er. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "I said: O Messenger of Allah, when I see you I feel happy and cont ent , t ell me about everyt hing.'' He said,

«￢ゅ∠ョ ∇リョ͡ ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ » (Everyt hing was creat ed from wat er.) "I said, t ell me about somet hing which, if I do it , I will ent er Paradise.'' He said:

∩∠ュゅ∠ェ∇ケほ∠∇ャや モ ͡タ ͡ ヱ∠ ∩∠ュゅ∠バト ｚ ャや ユ͡ バ͡ ∇デぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ズ ͡ ∇プぺ∠» «ュゅ∠ヤジ ∠ よ͡ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡カ ⊥ ∇キや ｚユを⊥ ∩∀ュゅ∠Βル͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ユホ⊥ ヱ∠ (Spread (t he greet ing of) Salam, feed ot hers, uphold t he t ies of kinship, and st and in prayer at night when people are sleeping. Then you will ent er Paradise in peace.) This chain of narrat ion fulfills t he condit ions of t he Two Sahihs, apart from Abu Maymunah, who is one of t he men of t he Sunans, his first name was Salim; and At -Tirmidhi classed him as Sahih.

び∠ヴシ ͡ や∠ヱケ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have placed on t he eart h firm mount ains,) means, mount ains which st abilize t he eart h and keep it st eady and lend it weight , lest it should shake wit h t he people, i.e., move and t remble so t hat t hey would not be able t o st and firm on it -- because it is covered wit h wat er, apart from one-quart er of it s surface. So t he land is exposed t o t he air and sun, so t hat it s people may see t he sky wit h it s dazzling signs and evidence. So Allah says,

び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ギ∠ Β͡ヨゎ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ (lest it should shake wit h t hem, ) meaning, so t hat it will not shake wit h t hem.

び⇔Κら⊥ シ ⊥ ゅ⇔ィゅ∠イプ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and We placed t herein broad highways for t hem t o pass t hrough,) means, mount ain passes t hrough which t hey may t ravel from region t o region, count ry t o count ry. As we can see, t he mount ains form barriers bet ween one land and anot her, so Allah creat ed gaps -- passes -- in t he mount ains so t hat people may t ravel from here t o t here. So He says:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚ∠バャｚぴ (t hat t hey may be guided.)

び⇔ゅニヲ⊥ヘ∇エョｚ ゅ⇔ヘ∇ボシ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have made t he heaven a roof, safe and well-guarded.) means, covering t he eart h like a dome above it . This is like t he Ayah,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バシ ͡ ヲ⊥ヨャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ギ∃ ∇Αほ∠よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βレ∠ よ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (Wit h Hands We const ruct ed t he heaven. Verily, We are able t o ext end t he vast ness of space t hereof.) ぴ51:47び

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (By t he heaven and Him Who built it .) ぴ91:5び

ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βレ∠ よ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びァ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲプ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒ｚレΑｚ コ∠ ヱ∠ (Have t hey not looked at t he heaven above t hem, how We have made it and adorned it , and t here are no rift s in it ) ぴ50:6び. The building and making described here refers t o t he raising of t he dome, as when t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ザ∇ヨカ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや ヶ ∠ レ͡ よ⊥ » (Islam is built on five.) i.e., five pillars, which can only refer t o a t ent as familiar among t he Arabs.

び⇔ゅニヲ⊥ヘ∇エョｚ ぴ (safe and well-guarded.) means, high and prot ect ed from anyt hing reaching it . Muj ahid said, "Raised up.''

び∠ラヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (Yet t hey t urn away from it s signs.) This is like t he Ayah:

ラ ∠ ヱぁゲヨ⊥ Α∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ る∃ Α∠ や∠￢ リあョ リあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ッ͡ゲ∇バョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (And how many a sign in t he heavens and t he eart h t hey pass by, while t hey are averse t herefrom) ぴ12:105び. They do not t hink about how Allah has creat ed it , so vast and high, and adorned it wit h heavenly bodies bot h st at ionary and moving by night and day, such as t he sun which complet es it s circuit in one day and night , unt il it complet es it s allot t ed t ime, which no one knows except Allah, Who creat ed it and subj ugat ed it and direct ed it s course. Then Allah says, drawing at t ent ion t o some of His signs,

び∠ゲ⇒∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He it is Who has creat ed t he night and t he day,) meaning, t he one wit h it s darkness and st illness, and t he ot her wit h it s light and human int eract ion; somet imes t he one is longer while t he ot her is short er, t hen t hey swit ch.

び∠ゲヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (and t he sun and t he moon,) t he sun wit h it s own light and it s own pat h and orbit and allot t ed t ime, and t he moon which shines wit h a different light and t ravels on a different pat h and has it s own allot t ed t ime.

び∠ラヲ⊥エら∠ ∇ジΑ∠ マ ∃ ヤ∠プ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ぴ (each in an orbit float ing.) means, revolving. Ibn ` Abbas said, "They revolve like a spinning wheel, in a circle.'' This is like t he Ayah:

ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゅ⇔レ∠ムシ ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゥ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇タΗ ͡や ペ ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠プぴ び ユ͡ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Α͡ギ∇ボゎ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ら∇ジェ ⊥ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ((He is t he) Cleaver of t he daybreak. He has appoint ed t he night for rest ing, and t he sun and t he moon for reckoning. Such is t he measuring of t he All-Might y, t he All-Knowing.) ぴ6:96び

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ろ ｚ ョあ リ∇Α͡み∠プ∠ぺ ギ∠ ∇ヤガ ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ゲ∃ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ゲあ ゼ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ミヲ⊥ヤ∇らル∠ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや る⊥ ボ∠ も͡ へ∠ク ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠ガ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (34. And We grant ed not t o any human being immort alit y before you; t hen if you die, would t hey live forever) (35. Everyone is going t o t ast e deat h, and We shall t est you wit h evil and wit h good by way of t rial. And t o Us you will be ret urned.)

No One has been granted Immortality in this World

び∠マヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ゲ∃ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We grant ed not t o any human being immort alit y before you;) means, O Muhammad.

び∠ギ∇ヤガ ⊥ ∇ャやぴ (immort alit y) means, in t his world. On t he cont rary,

ヱ⊥ク マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇らΑ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∃ ゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ び ュ͡ や∠ゲ∇ミΗ ͡ や∠ヱ モ ͡ ⇒∇ヤイ ∠ ∇ャや (What soever is on it (t he eart h) will perish. And t he Face of your Lord full of maj est y and honor will remain forever.) ぴ55:26-27び.

びｚろョあ リ∇Αみ͡プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (t hen if you die) means, O Muhammad,

び∠ラヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠ガ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (would t hey live forever) means, t hey hope t hat t hey will live forever aft er you, but t hat will not happen; everyt hing will pass away. So Allah says:

び͡れ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや る⊥ ボ∠ も͡ へ∠ク ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ

(Everyone is going t o t ast e deat h,)

び⇔るレ∠ ∇わプ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ゼ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ミヲ⊥ヤ∇らル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We shall t est you wit h evil and wit h good by way of t rial. ) Meaning, "We shall t est you, somet imes wit h difficult ies and somet imes wit h ease, t o see who will give t hanks and who will be ungrat eful, who will have pat ience and who will despair.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas:

びユ⊥ミヲ⊥ヤ∇らル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We shall t est you) means, We will t est you,

び⇔るレ∠ ∇わプ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ゼ ｚ ャゅ͡よぴ (wit h evil and wit h good by way of t rial.) means, wit h difficult ies and wit h t imes of prosperit y, wit h healt h and sickness, wit h richness and povert y, wit h lawful and unlawful, obedience and sin, wit h guidance and misguidance.

び∠ラヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t o Us you will be ret urned.) means, and We will requit e you according t o your deeds.

や⇔ヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚΑ∠ ラ͡ま ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ポ ∠ へ∠ケ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ゲ͡ ∇ミグ͡ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ∠ ヰ∠ ャ͡へ ゲ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ワぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ケ∇ヱほ⊥シ ∠ モ ∃イ ∠ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ジ∇ルΗや ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ びラ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒∠Αや∠￢ (36. And when t hose who disbelieved see you, t hey t ake you not except for mockery (saying): "Is t his t he one who t alks about your gods'' While t hey disbelieve at t he ment ion of t he Most Gracious.) (37. Man is creat ed of hast e. I will show you My Ayat . So ask Me not t o hast en (t hem).)

How the Idolators mocked the Prophet Allah tells His Prophet :

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ポ ∠ へ∠ケ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t hose who disbelieved see you,) meaning, t he disbelievers of t he Quraysh, such as Abu Jahl and his like.

び⇔やヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ͡まぴ (t hey t ake you not except for mockery) means, t hey make fun of you and insult you, saying,

び∇ユム⊥ わ∠ ヰ∠ ャ͡へ ゲ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ワぺ∠ぴ ("Is t his t he one who t alks about your gods'') meaning, is t his t he one who insult s your gods and ridicules your int elligence Allah says:

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ゲ͡ ∇ミグ͡ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (While t hey disbelieve at t he ment ion of t he Most Gracious.) meaning, t hey disbelieve in Allah and yet t hey mock t he Messenger of Allah . As Allah says:

ン͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ワぺ∠ や⇔ヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ͡ま ポ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠レわ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ∇リハ ∠ ゅ∠レヤぁツ ͡ Β⊥ ャ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま - Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ∠ ∇らタ ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ (And when t hey see you, t hey t reat you only in mockery (saying): "Is t his t he one whom Allah has sent as a Messenger He would have nearly misled us from our gods, had it not been t hat we were pat ient and const ant in t heir worship!'' And t hey will know, when t hey see t he t orment , who it is t hat is most ast ray from t he pat h!) ぴ25:41-42び

び∃モイ ∠ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ジ∇ルΗや ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ぴ (Man is creat ed of hast e.) This is like t he Ayah:

び⇔Ιヲ⊥イハ ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡ やラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and man is ever hast y) ぴ17:11び, in all mat t ers. The reason why t he hast e of man is ment ioned here is t hat when ment ion is made of t hose who mock t he Messenger , (t he believers) will want t o avenge t hem swift ly, and t hat so should happen sooner. Allah says,

び∃モイ ∠ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ジ∇ルΗや ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ぴ

(Man is creat ed of hast e.) because He delays (t he punishment ) unt il a t ime when, once He seizes him, He will never let him go. He delays it , t hen He hast ens it ; He wait s, t hen He does not delay any longer. So He says:

びヴ͡わ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ケ∇ヱほ⊥シ ∠ぴ (I will show you My Ayat ) meaning, My vengeance, ruling and power over t hose who disobey Me.

び͡ラヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So ask Me not t o hast en (t hem).)

∇ヲャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ギ⊥ ∇ハヲ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠わョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲボ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ リ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヲぁヘム⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇モよ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ リ∠ハ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワキｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇らわ∠ プ∠ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ユ͡ヰΒ͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ∠ レ⊥Α (38. And t hey say: "When will t his promise (come t o pass), if you are t rut hful.'') (39. If only t hose who disbelieved knew (t he t ime) when t hey will not be able t o ward off t he Fire from t heir faces, nor from t heir backs, and t hey will not be helped.) (40. Nay, it will come upon t hem all of a sudden and will perplex t hem, and t hey will have no power t o avert it nor will t hey get respit e.)

The Idolators seek to hasten on the Punishment Allah also t ells us how t he idolat ors seek t o hast en punishment upon t hemselves, out of denial, rej ect ion, disbelief, st ubbornness and a belief t hat it will never happen. He says:

びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ギ⊥ ∇ハヲ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠わョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey say: "When will t his promise (come t o pass), if you are t rut hful''.) And Allah says:

リ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヲぁヘム⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ び∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ リ∠ハ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥

(If only t hose who disbelieved knew (t he t ime) when t hey will not be able t o ward off t he Fire from t heir faces, nor from t heir backs,) meaning, if only t hey knew for cert ain t hat it will inevit ably come t o pass, t hey would not seek t o hast en it . If only t hey knew how t he t orment will overwhelm t hem from above t hem and from beneat h t heir feet .

び∀モヤ∠ニ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀モ∠ヤニ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (They shall have coverings of Fire, above t hem and coverings (of Fire) beneat h t hem) ぴ39:16び

び∃スや∠ヲビ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ∀キゅ∠ヰョ͡ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ぴ (Theirs will be a bed of Hell (Fire), and over t hem coverings (of Hellfire)) ぴ7:41び. And in t his Ayah Allah says:

リ∠ハ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ リ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヲぁヘム⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェぴ び∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ (when t hey will not be able t o ward off t he Fire from t heir faces, nor from t heir backs,) And Allah says:

び ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ∠ゼ∇ピゎ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∃ や∠ゲト ͡ ホ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ヰヤ⊥Β͡よや∠ゲ∠シぴ (Their garment s will be of t ar, and fire will cover t heir faces) ぴ14:50び. The t orment will surround t hem on all sides,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey will not be helped.) means, and t hey will have no helper. This is like t he Ayah:

び∃ベや∠ヱ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey have no guardian against Allah) ぴ13:34び.

び⇔るわ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ユ͡ヰΒ͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, it will come upon t hem all of a sudden) means, t he Fire will come upon t hem suddenly, i.e., it will t ake t hem by surprise.

び∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇らわ∠ プ∠ ぴ

(and will perplex t hem,) means, it will scare t hem, and t hey will succumb t o it in confusion, not knowing what t hey are doing.

びゅ∠ワキｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and t hey will have no power t o avert it ) means, t hey will have no means of doing so.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヌ ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor will t hey get respit e. ) means, it will not be delayed for t hem even for an inst ant .

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ͡よ ベ ∠ ゅ∠エプ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ モ ∃シ ⊥ ゲ⊥ よ͡ ￢∠ ン͡ゴ∇ヰわ⊥ ∇シや ギ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲガ ͡シ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よ ユ⊥ミぽ⊥ ∠ヤ∇ム∠Α リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ レ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ る∀ ヰ∠ ャ͡へ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョぁ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ ゅｚレョあ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ダル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レル͡ ヱ⊥キ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らエ ∠ ∇ダΑ⊥ (41. Indeed (many) Messengers were mocked before you, but t he scoffers were surrounded by what t hey used t o mock.) (42. Say: "Who can guard and prot ect you in t he night or in t he day from t he Most Gracious'' Nay, but t hey t urn away from t he remembrance of t heir Lord.) (43. Or have t hey gods who can guard t hem from Us They have no power t o help t hemselves, nor can t hey be prot ect ed from Us.)

The Lessons to be learned from Those Who mocked the Messengers in the Past Allah says consoling His Messenger for t he pain and insult caused by t he mockery and disbelief of t he idolat ors,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ͡よ ベ ∠ ゅ∠エプ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ モ ∃シ ⊥ ゲ⊥ よ͡ ￢∠ ン͡ゴ∇ヰわ⊥ ∇シや ギ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲガ ͡シ ∠ (Indeed (many) Messengers were mocked before you, but t he scoffers were surrounded by what t hey used t o mock.) meaning, t he punishment which t hey t hought would never come t o pass. This is like t he Ayah:

ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ダ ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ∀モシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ろよ∠ グあ ミ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ メ ∠ ギあ ら∠ ョ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ダル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎぺ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥クヱ⊥ぺヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よグあ ミ⊥ びリ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや み͡ら∠ ルｚ リ͡ョ ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ ャ͡ (Verily, Messengers were denied before you, but wit h pat ience t hey bore t he denial, and t hey were hurt ; t ill Our help reached t hem, and none can alt er t he Words of Allah. Surely, t here has reached you t he informat ion (news) about t he Messengers (before you)) ぴ6:34び. Then Allah menit ons His favor for His creat ures; He prot ect s t hem by night and by day, t aking care of t hem and wat ching over t hem wit h His Eye t hat never sleeps.

び͡リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よ ユ⊥ミぽ⊥ ∠ヤ∇ム∠Α リ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Who can guard and prot ect you in t he night or in t he day from t he Most Gracious'') means, ot her t han t he Most Gracious Himself

び∠ラヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョぁ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, but t hey t urn away from t he remembrance of t heir Lord.) means, t hey do not recognize t he blessings and favor of Allah t owards t hem; t hey t urn away from His signs and blessings.

びゅ∠レル͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ レ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ る∀ ヰ∠ ャ͡へ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or have t hey gods who can guard t hem from Us) This is a rhet orical quest ion aimed at denouncing and rebuking. The meaning is, do t hey have any gods who can prot ect t hem and t ake care of t hem ot her t han Us It is not as t hey imagine or as t hey claim. Allah says:

び∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ダル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (They have no power t o help t hemselves,) t hese gods on whom t hey rely inst ead of Allah cannot even help t hemselves.

び∠ラヲ⊥らエ ∠ ∇ダΑ⊥ ゅｚレョあ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor can t hey be prot ect ed from Us.) Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas,"Nor can t hey be guarded from Us.''

ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゅデ ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ヱ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レ∇バわｚ ョ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰダ ⊥ ボ⊥ レ∠ル チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ゎ∇ほル∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ヨ⊥ バ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇ェヲ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ミケ⊥ グ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡⇒∠ピ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヰプ͡ や∠ゲ∇デぺ∠ リ͡ゃャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ レ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ や∠クま͡ ￢∠ べ∠ハギぁ ャや ユぁ ダ ぁ ャや ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠レヤ∠∇ΑヲΑ リ ｚ ャ⊥ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ゆ ͡ やグ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョあ る∀ エ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わジ ｚ ョｚ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ テ ∠ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ Α͡コヲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ツ ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇リョあ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ヌゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡らジ ͡ ⇒∠ェ ゅ∠レ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∃ キ∠ ∇ゲカ ∠ (44. Nay, We gave t he luxuries of t his life t o t hese men and t heir fat hers unt il t he period grew long for t hem. See t hey not t hat We gradually reduce t he land from it s out lying borders Is it t hen t hey who will overcome) (45. Say: "I warn you only by t he revelat ion. "But t he deaf will not hear t he call, (even) when t hey are warned.) (46. And if a breat h of t he t orment of your Lord t ouches t hem, t hey will surely cry: "Woe unt o us! Indeed we have been wrongdoers.'') (47. And We shall set up Balances of j ust ice on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hen none will be dealt wit h unj ust ly in anyt hing. And if t here be t he weight of a must ard seed, We will bring it . And sufficient are We t o t ake account .)

How the Idolators are deceived by their long and luxurious Lives in this World, and the Explanation of the Truth Allah explains t hat t hey have been deceived and misled by t he luxuries t hat t hey enj oy in t his world and t he long life t hat t hey have been given, so t hey believe t hat t hey are following somet hing good. Then Allah warns t hem:

∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰダ ⊥ ボ⊥ レ∠ル チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ゎ∇ほル∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びべ∠ヰプ͡ や∠ゲ∇デぺ∠ (See t hey not t hat We gradually reduce t he land (in t heir cont rol) from it s out lying borders) This is like t he Ayah:

ゅ∠レ∇プゲｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ム∠ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘや (And indeed We have dest royed t owns round about you, and We have shown t he Ayat in various ways t hat t hey might ret urn.) ぴ46:27び Al-Hasan Al-Basri said: "This means t he vict ory of Islam over disbelief.'' The meaning is: Do t hey not learn a lesson from t he fact t hat Allah support ed t hose (believers) against t heir enemies, He dest royed t he disbelieving nat ions and t he evildoing t ownships, and He saved His believing servant s So Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥らヤ͡⇒∠ピ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Is it t hen t hey who will overcome) meaning, on t he cont rary, t hey are t he ones who will be overcomed, who will be defeat ed, humiliat ed and brought low.

び͡ヴ∇ェヲ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ミケ⊥ グ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "I warn you only by t he revelat ion.'') meaning, ` I only convey t o you t he warning of Allah's punishment and vengeance, and t his is no more t han t hat which Allah reveals t o me.' But t his is of no benefit t o t he one whom Allah has made blind and has put a seal over his hearing and his heart . He says:

び∠ラヱ⊥ケグ∠ レ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ や∠クま͡ ￢∠ べ∠ハギぁ ャや ユぁ ダ ぁ ャや ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (But t he deaf will not hear t he call, (even) when t hey are warned.)

べ∠レヤ∠∇ΑヲΑ ｚリャ⊥ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よあケ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョあ る∀ エ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わジ ｚ ョｚ リ͡ゃ∠ャ∠ヱぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま (And if a breat h of t he t orment of your Lord t ouches t hem, t hey will surely, cry: "Woe unt o us! Indeed we have been wrongdoers!'') If t hese disbelievers were affect ed by t he slight est t ouch of Allah's punishment , t hey would confess t heir sins and admit t hat t hey had wronged t hemselves in t his world.

ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ヌゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ テ ∠ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ Α͡コヲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ツ ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び⇔ゅゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル (And We shall set up Balances of j ust ice on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hen none will be dealt wit h unj ust ly in anyt hing.) meaning, "We shall set up t he Balances of j ust ice on t he Day of

Resurrect ion.'' The maj orit y of scholars st at e t hat it is one Balance, and t he plural form is used here t o reflect t he large number of deeds which will be weighed t herein.

∇リョあ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ヌゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∠リΒ͡らジ ͡ ⇒∠ェ ゅ∠レ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∃ キ∠ ∇ゲカ ∠ (t hen none will be dealt wit h unj ust ly in anyt hing. And if t here be t he weight of a must ard seed, We will bring it . And sufficient are We t o t ake account .) This is like t he Ayat :

びや⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and your Lord t reat s no one wit h inj ust ice) ぴ18:49び

る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ マ ⊥ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ルギ⊥ ｚャ リ͡ョ れ ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヘバ͡ ⇒∠ツΑ⊥ (Surely, Allah wrongs not even of t he weight of speck of dust , but if t here is any good, He doubles it , and gives from Him a great reward.) ぴ4:40び

ヴ͡プ ∇リム⊥ わ∠ プ∠ メ ∃ キ∠ ∇ゲカ ∠ ∇リョあ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ マ ⊥ ゎ∠ ラ͡ま べ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ ヴ ｚ レ∠ ら⊥ Αぴ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ヱぺ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ヱぺ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ ∇ガタ ∠ び ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∀ブΒ͡ト∠ャ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ("O my son! If it be equal t o t he weight of a grain of must ard seed, and t hough it be in a rock, or in t he heavens or in t he eart h, Allah will bring it fort h. Verily, Allah is Subt le, Well-Aware.'') ぴ31:16び In t he Two Sahihs it was recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ヶ͡プ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わヤ∠Β͡ボを∠ ∩͡ラゅ∠ジヤあャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わヘ∠ Β͡ヘカ ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ » ぶ ͡ や ラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ :リ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わら∠ Β͡らェ ∠ ∩͡ラや∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや «ユΒ͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ぶ ͡ やラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ∩͡ロギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ (Two words which are light on t he t ongue, heavy in t he Balance and beloved t o Ar-Rahman: "Subhan Allahi wa bi hamdihi, Subhan Allahil ` Azim (Glory and praise be t o Allah, Glory be t o Allah t he Almight y).'') Imam Ahmad also recorded t hat ` A'ishah said t hat one of t he Companions

of t he Messenger of Allah sat down before him and said, "O Messenger of Allah, I have t wo slaves who lie t o me, bet ray me and disobey me, and I hit t hem and insult t hem. How do I st and wit h regard t o t hem'' The Messenger of Allah said:

マ ∠ よ⊥ ゅ∠ボハ ͡ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ∇ヲダ ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゅ∠カ ゅ∠ョ ょ ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ » ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∩∇ユ͡ヰ͡よヲ⊥ルク⊥ ケ͡ ∇ギボ∠ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ マ ∠ よ⊥ ゅ∠ボハ ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩∇ユワ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ マ ∠ よ⊥ ゅ∠ボハ ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ャ ゅ⇔プゅ∠ヘミ∠ マ ∠ よ⊥ ゅボ∠ ハ ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠マャ∠ ゅ⇔ヤ∇ツプ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∩∇ユ͡ヰ͡よヲ⊥ルク⊥ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ヵ͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇レョ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ｚゾわ⊥ ∇ホや ∩∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ «マ∠ヤ∇らホ∠ ヶ ∠ ボ͡ よ∠ (The ext ent t o which t hey bet rayed you, disobeyed you and lied t o you will be measured against t he punishment you met ed out t o t hem. If your punishment was commensurat e wit h t heir misconduct , t hen you will be equal and you will not have anyt hing count ed for you or against you. If your punishment of t hem was less t han t hat what t hey deserved for t heir misconduct , t hen t his will count in your favor. If your punishment of t hem was more t han what t hey deserved for t heir misconduct , t hen Allah will t ake what is due t o t hem from you.) Then t he man st art ed t o weep before t he Messenger of Allah , and t he Messenger of Allah asked,

ぶや ゆ ∠ ゅ∠わミ͡ ぺ⊥ゲ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ョ» ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ヌゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ テ ∠ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ Α͡コヲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ツ ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∃ キ∠ ∇ゲカ ∠ ∇リョあ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル «び リ ∠ Β͡らジ ͡ ⇒∠ェ ゅ∠レ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ (What is t he mat t er wit h him Has he not read t he words of Allah, (And We shall set up Balances of j ust ice on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hen none will be dealt wit h unj ust ly in anyt hing. And if t here be t he weight of a must ard seed, We will bring it . And sufficient are We t o t ake account .)) The man said, "O Messenger of Allah, I t hink t here is not hing bet t er t han keeping away from t hese people -- meaning his slaves -- I call upon you t o bear wit ness t hat t hey are all free.''

￢⇔ べ∠Βッ ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ホ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ や⇔ゲ∇ミク͡ ヱ∠ ∀ポ∠ケゅ∠らョぁ ∀ゲ∇ミ͡ク や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム͡ レ⊥ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルほ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ (48. And indeed We grant ed t o Musa and Harun t he crit erion, and a shining light and a Reminder for t hose who have Taqwa.) (49. Those who fear t heir Lord in t he unseen, and t hey are afraid of t he Hour.) (50. And t his is a blessed Reminder which We have sent down; will you t hen deny it )

The Revelation of the Tawrah and the Qur'an

We have already not ed t hat Allah oft en ment ions Musa and Muhammad t oget her -- may t he peace and blessings of Allah be upon t hem bot h -- and He oft en ment ions t heir Books t oget her as well. He says:

び∠ラゅ∠ホ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed We grant ed t o Musa and Harun t he crit erion) Muj ahid said, "This means t he Script ure.'' Abu Salih said: "The Tawrah.'' Qat adah said: "The Tawrah, what it permit s and it forbids, and how Allah different iat ed bet ween t rut h and falsehood.'' In conclusion, we may say t hat t he heavenly Books included t he dist inct ion bet ween t rut h and falsehood, guidance and misguidance, t ransgression and t he right way, lawful and unlawful, and t hat which will fill t he heart wit h light , guidance, fear of Allah and repent ance. So Allah says:

び∠リΒ͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ や⇔ゲ∇ミク͡ ヱ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠Βッ ͡ ヱ∠ ∠ラゅ∠ホ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ャやぴ (t he crit erion, and a shining light and a Reminder for t hose who have Taqwa.) meaning, a reminder and exhort at ion for t hem. Then He describes t hem as:

び͡ょ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who fear t heir Lord in t he unseen.) This is like t he Ayah:

びょ ∃ Β͡レョぁ ょ ∃ ∇ヤボ∠ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヴ ∠ゼ ͡カ ∠ ∇リョｚ ぴ (Who feared t he Most Gracious in t he unseen and came wit h a repent ing heart . ) ぴ50:33び

り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゲ∀ ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ (Verily, t hose who fear t heir Lord unseen, t heirs will be forgiveness and a great reward.) ぴ67:12び t

び∠ラヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey are afraid of t he Hour.) means, t hey fear it . Then Allah says:

び⊥ヮ⇒∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∀ポ∠ケゅ∠らョぁ ∀ゲ∇ミ͡ク や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ぴ (And t his is a blessed Reminder which We have sent down;) means, t he Magnificent Qur'an, which falsehood cannot approach, from before it or behind it , revealed by t he All-Wise, Wort hy of all praise.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲム͡ レ⊥ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルほ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (will you t hen deny it ) means, will you deny it when it is t he ut most in clarit y and t rut h

ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇セケ⊥ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ べ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ モ ⊥ Β͡ん⇒∠ヨｚわャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ハ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ べ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘム͡ ⇒∠ハ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡わャｚや モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Α͡ギら͡ ⇒∠ハ -リ ∠ Β͡らバ͡ ⇒ｚヤャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ュぺ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ン͡グャｚや チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ やヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケｚ モ∠よ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ びリ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒ｚゼャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ゲ∠ ト ∠プ (51. And indeed We best owed aforet ime on Ibrahim his guidance, and We were WellAcquaint ed wit h him.) (52. When he said t o his fat her and his people: "What are t hese images t o which you are devot ed'') (53. They said: "We found our fat hers worshipping t hem.'') (54. He said: "Indeed you and your fat hers have been in manifest error.'') (55. They said: "Have you brought us t he Trut h, or are you one of t hose who play about '') (56. He said: "Nay, your Lord is

t he Lord of t he heavens and t he eart h, Who creat ed t hem and t o t hat I am one of t he wit nesses.'')

The Story of Ibrahim and his People Allah t ells us about His close Friend Ibrahim, peace be upon him, and how He best owed upon him guidance aforet ime, i.e., from an early age He inspired him wit h t rut h and evidence against his people, as Allah says elsewhere:

び͡ヮョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ べ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠レわ⊥ イ ｚェ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat was Our proof which We gave Ibrahim against his people) ぴ6:83び. The point here is t hat Allah is t elling us t hat He gave guidance t o Ibrahim aforet ime, i.e., He had already guided him at an early age.

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ハ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We were Well-Acquaint ed wit h him.) means, and he was wort hy of t hat . Then Allah says:

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡わャｚや モ ⊥ Β͡ん⇒∠ヨｚわャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘム͡ ⇒∠ハ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ (When he said t o his fat her and his people: "What are t hese images, t o which you are devot ed'') This is t he guidance which he had been given during his yout h: his denunciat ion of his people's worship of idols inst ead of Allah. Ibrahim said:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヘム͡ ⇒∠ハ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡わャｚや モ ⊥ Β͡ん⇒∠ヨわｚ ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ョぴ ("What are t hese images, t o which you are devot ed'') meaning, which you worship wit h such devot ion.

びリ ∠ Α͡ギら͡ ⇒∠ハ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ べ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "We found our fat hers worshipping t hem.'') means, t hey had no ot her evidence apart from t he misguided act ions of t heir forefat hers. Ibrahim said:

び∃リΒ͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Indeed you and your fat hers have been in manifest error.) meaning, Speaking t o your fat hers whose act ions you cit e as evidence would be t he same as speaking t o you. Bot h you and t hey are misguided and are not following any st raight pat h.' When he called t heir int elligence int o quest ion, and said t hat t heir fat hers were misguided and belit t led t heir gods,

びリ ∠ Β͡らバ͡ ⇒ｚヤャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ュぺ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "Have you brought us t he Trut h, or are you one of t hose who play about '') They said: ` These words t hat you are saying, are you speaking in j est or are you t elling t he t rut h For we have never heard such a t hing before.'

ン͡グャｚや チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケｚ モ∠よ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びｚリワ⊥ ゲ∠ ト ∠プ (He said: "Nay, your Lord is t he Lord of t he heavens and t he eart h, Who creat ed t hem...'') meaning, your Lord, beside Whom t here is no ot her god, is t he One Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h and all t hat t hey cont ain; He is t he One Who init iat ed t heir creat ion; He is t he Creat or of all t hings.

び∠リΑ͡ギヰ͡ ⇒ｚゼャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and t o t hat I am one of t he wit nesses. ) means, and I bear wit ness t hat t here is no God ot her t han Him and no Lord except Him.

-リ ∠ Α͡ゲよ͡ ∇ギョ⊥ ∇やヲぁャヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヨ∠ ⇒∠レ∇タぺ∠ ラ ｚ ギ∠ Β͡ミΕ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ∠ゎヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ や⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ や⇔クや∠グィ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ べ∠レわ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠⇒よ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ リ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ユ⊥ Β͡ワ∠ゲ∇よ͡ま ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ ヴ⇔わプ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ サ ͡ ゅレｚャや リ ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ∇モよ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よみ͡Α ゅ∠レ͡わ∠ヰ͡ャゅ∠⇒͡よ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ろ ∠ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠￢∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボト ͡ ∇レΑ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇シゅ∠プ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ Β͡らミ∠ (57. "And by Allah, I shall plot a plan for your idols aft er you have gone away and t urned your backs.'') (58. So he broke t hem t o pieces, except t he biggest of t hem, t hat t hey might t urn t o it .) (59. They said: "Who has done t his t o our gods He must indeed be one of t he wrongdoers.'') (60. They said: "We heard a young man t alking against t hem, who is called Ibrahim.'') (61. They said: "Then bring him before t he eyes of t he people, t hat t hey may t est ify.'') (62. They said: "Are you t he one who has done t his t o our gods, O Ibrahim'') (63. He said: "Nay, t his one, t he biggest of t hem did it . Ask t hem, if t hey can speak!'')

How Ibrahim broke the Idols Then Ibrahim swore an oat h, which some of his people heard, t o plot against t heir idols, i.e., t o break t hem and dest roy t hem aft er t hey had gone away and t urned t heir backs, when t hey went out t o t heir fest ival. They had a fest ival which t hey would go out t o celebrat e. Abu Ishaq report ed from Abu Al-Ahwas from ` Abdullah ぴIbn Mas` udび, "When t he people of Ibrahim went out t o celebrat e t heir fest ival, t hey passed by him and said, ` O Ibrahim, are you not coming out wit h us' He said, ` I am sick.' '' It was only t he day before t hat he had said,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲよ͡ ∇ギョ⊥ ∇やヲぁャヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヨ∠ ⇒∠レ∇タ∠ぺ ラ ｚ ギ∠ Β͡ミΕ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ∠ゎヱ∠ ぴ (And by Allah, I shall plot a plan for your idols aft er you have gone away and t urned your backs.) and some of t he people had heard him.

び⇔やクや∠グィ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So he broke t hem t o pieces,) means, he smashed t hem all, except for t he biggest idol. This is like t he Ayah,

びリ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ⇔よ∇ゲッ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ パ ∠ や∠ゲプ∠ ぴ (Then he t urned upon t hem, st riking (t hem) wit h (his) right hand) ぴ37:93び.

び∠ラヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (t hat t hey might t urn t o it . ) It was said t hat he put a hammer in t he hands of t he biggest idol so t hat t he people would t hink t hat it had become j ealous on it s own account and obj ect ed t o t hese smaller idols being worshipped alongside it , so it had broken t hem.

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ べ∠レわ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠⇒よ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ リ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "Who has done t his t o our gods He must indeed be one of t he wrongdoers.'') When t hey came back and saw what Ibrahim had done t o t heir idols, humiliat ing t hem and lowering t heir st at us, proving t hat t hey were not divine and t hat t hose who worshipped t hem were fools,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ べ∠レわ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠⇒よ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ リ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "Who has done t his t o our gods He must indeed be one of t he wrongdoers.'') because of t his act ion of his.

び ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ ヴ⇔わプ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ

(They said: "We heard a young man t alking against t hem, who is called Ibrahim.'') Those who had heard him swearing t o plot against t hem said, we heard a young man t alking about t hem, and t hey said t hat he was called Ibrahim.

び͡サゅｚレャや リ ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "Then bring him before t he eyes of t he people...'') meaning, in front of a large audience so t hat all t he people could be present . This was Ibrahim's ult imat e purpose, so t hat he could t ell t his great gat hering about t he ext ent of t heir ignorance and how foolish t hey were t o worship idols which could not defend t hemselves from harm or help t hemselves, so how could t hey ask t hem for help

∇モよ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よみ͡Α ゅ∠レ͡わ∠ヰ͡ャゅ∠⇒͡よ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ろ ∠ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠￢∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ Β͡らミ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ (They said: "Are you t he one who has done t his t o our gods, O Ibrahim'' He said: "Nay, t his one, t he biggest of t hem did it ...'') referring t o t he one he had left alone and had not broken.

び∠ラヲ⊥ボト ͡ ∇レΑ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇シゅ∠プぴ (Ask t hem, if t hey can speak!) He was hoping t hat t hey would admit of t heir own volit ion t hat t hese idols could not speak and t hat t his idol would not say anyt hing because it was inanimat e. In t he Two Sahihs it was recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

:ゐ ∃ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ゆグ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡» :ヮ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ ぶ ͡ やれ ͡ や∠ク ヶ͡プ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ∇レを͡ (Ibrahim, upon him be peace, did not t ell lies except on t hree occasions, t wo for t he sake of Allah -- when he said:

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ Β͡らミ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, t his one, t he biggest of t hem did it . ) and when he said:

び∀ユΒ͡ボシ ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ (Verily, I am sick) ぴ37:89び.

リ ∠ ョ͡ ケ∃ ゅｚらィ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ヶ͡プ ゲ⊥ Β͡ジΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ケ∠ ゅｚらイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ゎほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ャ͡ゴ∇レ∠ョ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ ∇クま͡ ∩⊥りケｚ ゅ∠シ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠らイ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ マ ∠ッ ͡ ∇ケほ∠よ͡ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ゅ∠レヰ⊥ ワ∠ メ∠ゴル∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ゅ∠ョ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩∠￢ゅ∠イプ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ∠シ ∠ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ∩͡サゅｚレャや リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ り∀ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ∇ょワ∠ ∇クゅ∠プ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ .ヶ͡わ∇カぺ⊥ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨∠マ∇レョ͡ り⊥ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ や∠グワ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ り∠ ケｚ ゅ∠シ ヴ∠ャま͡ ペ ∠ ヤ∠ト ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プ ∩ｚヶャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇モシ ͡ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩ヶ͡わ∇カぺ⊥ マ ͡ ルｚ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ ∇カほ∠プ∠ ∩͡マ∇レハ ∠ ヶ͡レャ∠ほ∠シ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚらイ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶや ゆ ͡ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヶ͡プ ヶ͡わ∇カぺ⊥ マ ͡ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩⊥ロギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ヶ͡レΒ͡よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ペ ∠ ヤ∠ト ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プ ∩͡ポゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ヱ∠ ヵ͡ゲ∇Βビ ∠ ∀ユ͡ヤ∇ジョ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヶプ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∩ヶあヤダ ∠ Α⊥ ュ∠ ゅ∠ホ ｚユを⊥ ユ⊥ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∩や⇔ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ や⇔グ∇カぺ∠ グ∠ カ ͡ ほ⊥プ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠ワへ∠ゲプ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ∇ろハ ∠ ギ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ポゲぁ ッ ⊥ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヶ͡ャ ぶ ∠ や ヶ͡ハ∇キや :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇んヨ͡ よ͡ グ∠ カ ͡ ほ⊥プ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ∠ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン∠ヲ∇ワほ∠プ∠ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ケほ⊥プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚ ヨ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ゲ∠ ミ∠ グ∠ プ∠ グ∠ カ ͡ ほ⊥プ∠ ∩∠るん∠ ャ͡ゅｚんャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ ∩ｚギセ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろハ ∠ ギ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ポゲｚ ッ ⊥ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ぶ ∠ や ヶ͡ハ∇キや :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩͡リ∇ΒΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ⊥ほ∇ャや ヶ͡レゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚイェ ⊥ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ゅ∠ハキ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠モシ ͡ ∇ケほ⊥プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ ∩∃ラゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ∠ よ͡ ヶ͡レわ∠ ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ マ ∠ レｚ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∃ラゅ∠ジ∇ルみ͡よ͡ ∩∠ゲィ ∠ ゅ∠ワ ∇ろΒ∠ ト ͡ ∇ハぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∇ろィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇カほ⊥プ∠ .ゲ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ワ ゅ∠ヰト ͡ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠

∇リョ͡ モ ∠ わ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ルや ∩ゅ∠ヰゃ͡ Β͡イヨ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ザ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∩∇ろヤ∠ら∠ ∇ホほ∠プ∠ ゲ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや ギ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヴ∠ヘミ∠ :∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ .∇ユΒ∠ ∇ヰョ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∩͡ヮゎ͡ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ «ゲ∠ィゅ∠ワ ヶ͡レ∠ョ∠ギ∇カ∠ぺ∠ヱ ∩͡ゲィ ͡ ゅ∠ヘ∇ャや . (and when he was t raveling in t he land of one of t he t yrant s, and Sarah was wit h him; when he made camp, a man came t o t he t yrant and said, "A man has made camp in your land and wit h him is a woman who is t he most beaut iful of people.'' The t yrant sent for Ibrahim, and asked him, "What is t he relat ionship of t his woman t o you'' He said, "She is my sist er.'' The t yrant said, "Go and send her t o me.'' So Ibrahim went t o Sarah and said, "This t yrant asked me about you, and I t old him t hat you are my sist er, so do not let him t hink t hat I am lying. For you are indeed my sist er according t o t he Book of Allah, and t here are no Muslims on t he eart h apart from you and I.'' So Ibrahim brought her t o him, t hen he st ood and prayed. When she ent ered upon t he t yrant , he reached for her desirously once he saw her. But he suffered a severe seizure. So he said, "Pray t o Allah for me and I will not harm you.'' So she prayed for him and it released him. Then he reached for her desirously, but he was st ricken similarly before or worse. This cont inued t hree t imes, and each t ime he said t he same as he had said t he first t ime. Then he called t he closest of his guards and said, "You have not brought me a human being, you have brought me a devil! Take her out and give her Haj ar. So she was t aken out and given Haj ar, and she went back. When Ibrahim realized t hat she had come back, he finished his prayer and t urned around. He said, "What happened'' She said, "Allah t ook care of t he evil disbeliever's plot , and he gave me Haj ar as a servant .'') Muhammad bin Sirin said, "When Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t his Hadit h, he said, ` This is your mot her, O sons of t he wat er of t he heaven.' ''

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥バィ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ぴ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ョ ろ ∠ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ シ ͡ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ジム͡ ル⊥ ｚユを⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バわ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボト ͡ レ∠Α ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ｙフぺ⊥ - ∇ユミ⊥ ぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ (64. So t hey t urned t o t hemselves and said: "Verily, you are t he wrongdoers.'') (65. Then t hey t urned t o t hemselves: "Indeed you know well t hat t hese speak not !'') (66. He said: "Do you t hen worship besides Allah, t hings t hat can neit her profit you nor harm you'') (67. "Fie upon you, and upon t hat which you worship besides Allah! Have you t hen no sense'')

The People's admission of their gods' incapability, and Ibrahim's preaching

Allah t ells us t hat when Ibrahim said what he said, his people

び∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥バィ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t urned t o t hemselves) meaning, t hey blamed t hemselves for not t aking precaut ions and prot ect ing t heir gods. They said:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, you are t he wrongdoers) i.e., because you neglect ed t hem and did not guard t hem.

び∇ユヰ͡ シ ͡ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ジム͡ ル⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then t hey t urned t o t hemselves) means, t hey looked at t he ground, and said:

び∠ラヲ⊥ボト ͡ レ∠Α ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ョ ろ ∠ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Indeed you (Ibrahim) know well t hat t hese speak not !) Qat adah said: "The people admit t ed t heir guilt and confusion, and said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ボト ͡ レ∠Α ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ョ ろ ∠ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ ("Indeed you know well t hat t hese speak not !'') ` So how can you t ell us t o ask t hem, if t hey cannot speak and you know t hat t hey cannot speak' At t his point , when t hey admit t ed t hat , Ibrahim said t o t hem:

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∠ラヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バ∠わ∠プ∠ぺぴ び∇ユミ⊥ ゲぁ ツ ⊥ Α∠ (Do you t hen worship besides Allah, t hings t hat can neit her profit you nor harm you) meaning, if t hey can- not speak and t hey can neit her benefit you nor harm you, t hen why do you worship t hem inst ead of Allah

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ｙフぺ⊥ぴ び (Fie upon you, and upon t hat which you worship besides Allah! Have you t hen no sense) ` Do you not realize t he ext ent of t he mis- guidance and ext reme disbelief which you are following, which no one could accept but one who is an igno- rant and evil wrong- doer' He defeat ed t hem in argument and left t hem wit h no way out . Allah said:

び͡ヮョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ べ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠レわ⊥ ｚイェ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ e(And t hat was Our proof which We gave Ibrahim against his people) ぴ6:83び

リ ∠ Β͡ヤバ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ わ∠ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ∇やヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ ルや∠ヱ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ホゲあ ェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ - ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔キ∇ゲよ∠ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ミ ケ⊥ ゅ∠レΑ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ∠ ∇カｘΙや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ や⇔ギ∇Βミ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠ケぺ∠ヱ∠ (68. They said: "Burn him and help your gods, if you will be doing.'') (69. We said: "O fire! Be you cool and safet y for Ibrahim!'') (70. And t hey want ed t o harm him, but We made t hem t he worst losers.)

How Ibrahim was thrown into the Fire and how Allah controlled it When t heir argument s were refut ed and t heir incapabilit y became clear, when t rut h was made manifest and falsehood was defeat ed, t hey resort ed t o using t heir power and st rengt h, and said:

び∠リΒ͡ヤバ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ わ∠ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ∇やヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ ルや∠ヱ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ホゲあ ェ ∠ぴ ("Burn him and help your gods, if you will be doing.'') So t hey gat hered t oget her a huge amount of wood. As-Suddi said, "I if a woman was sick, she would make a vow t hat if she recovered she would bring wood t o burn Ibrahim. Then t hey made a hole in t he ground and set it aflame, and it burned wit h huge sparks and immense flames. There had never been a fire like it . They put Ibrahim, peace be upon him, int o a cat apult , at t he suggest ion of a nomadic Kurdish man from Persia.'' Shu` ayb Al-Jaba'i said, "His name was Hayzan, and Allah caused t he eart h t o swallow him up, and he will remain sinking int o it unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. When t hey t hrew him he said, ` Sufficient for me is Allah, and He is t he best disposer of affairs.' '' This is similar t o what Al-Bukhari recorded from Ibn ` Abbas t hat Ibrahim said, "` Sufficient for me is Allah, and He is t he best disposer of affairs,'' when he was t hrown int o t he fire, and Muhammad said it when t hey said:

∇ユワ⊥ キ∠ や∠ゴプ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇カゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び⊥モΒ͡ミヲ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇バル͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠レら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま (Verily, t he people have gat hered against you, t herefore, fear t hem. But it increased t hem in fait h, and t hey said: "Allah is sufficient for us, and He is t he best disposer of affairs.'') ぴ3:173び. Sa` id bin Jubayr report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "When Ibrahim was t hrown int o t he fire, t he keeper (angel) of t he rain said: ` When will I be commanded t o send rain' But t he command of Allah was more swift . Allah said:

び∠ユΒ͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔キ∇ゲよ∠ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ミ ケ⊥ ゅ∠レΑぴ (O fire! Be you cool and safet y for Ibrahim!), and t here was no fire left on eart h t hat was not ext inguished.'' Ibn ` Abbas and Abu Al-` Aliyah said: "Were it not for t he fact t hat Allah said,

び⇔ゅヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and safet y), Ibrahim would have been harmed by it s coldness.'' Qat adah said: "On t hat day t here was no creat ure t hat did not t ry t o ext inguish t he fire for Ibrahim, except for t he gecko.'' Az-Zuhri said: "The Prophet commanded t hat it should be killed, and called it a harmful vermin.''

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ∠ ∇カｘΙや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ や⇔ギ∇Βミ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey want ed t o harm him, but We made t hem t he worst losers.) t hey were defeat ed and humiliat ed, because t hey want ed t o plot against t he Prophet of Allah, but Allah planned against t hem and saved him from t he fire, and t hus t hey were defeat ed.

ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ミケ∠ ゅ∠よ ヴ͡わャｚや チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔デヲ⊥ャヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ｚ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ Κ ６ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヤ∠プ͡ ゅ∠ル ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らワ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∇ヰ∠Α る⇔ ヨｚ も͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒∠タ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠わΑ͡まヱ∠ りヲヤｚダャや ュ∠ ゅ∠ホま͡ヱ∠ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇バプ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Β∠ェ∇ヱ∠ぺ∠ヱ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ムェ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ へ ゅ⇔デヲ⊥ャヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ギら͡ ⇒∠ハ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ り͡ ヲ⇒∠ミゴｚ ャや モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バｚゎ ろ∠ルゅ∠ミ ヴ͡わャｚや る͡ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ｚ ル∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠プ ￢∃ ∇ヲシ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ゑ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠らガ ∠ ∇ャや びリ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ べ∠レわ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヴ͡プ (71. And We rescued him and Lut t o t he land which We have blessed for t he nat ions.) (72. And We best owed upon him Ishaq, and Ya` qub Nafilat an. Each one We made right eous.) (73. And We made t hem leaders, guiding by Our command, and We revealed t o t hem t he doing of good deeds, performing Salah, and t he giving of Zakah, and of Us (Alone) t hey were t he worshippers.) (74. And (remember) Lut , We gave him wisdom and knowledge, and We saved him from t he t own who pract ised Al-Khaba'it h. Verily, t hey were a people given t o evil, and were rebellious.) (75. And We admit t ed him t o Our mercy; t ruly, he was of t he right eous.)

The Migration of Ibrahim to Ash-Sham (Greater Syria), accompanied by Lut Allah t ells us t hat He saved Ibrahim from t he fire lit by his people, and brought him out from among t hem, migrat ing t o t he land of Ash-Sham, t o t he sacred regions t hereof.

び⇔るヤ∠プ͡ ゅ∠ル ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らワ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We best owed upon him Ishaq, and Ya` qub Nafilat an.) ` At a' and Muj ahid said, "Nafilat an means as a gift .'' Ibn ` Abbas, Qat adah and Al-Hakam bin ` Uyaynah said, "The gift of a son who has a son,'' meaning t hat Ya` qub was t he son of Ishaq, as Allah says:

び∠ゆヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ ￢͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シみ͡よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ル∇ゲゼ ｚ ら∠ プ∠ ぴ (But We gave her glad t idings of Ishaq, and aft er Ishaq, of Ya` qub) ぴ11:71び. ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, "He asked for one ぴsonび, and said,

びリ ͡ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡ャ ∇ょワ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ ("My Lord! Grant me from t he right eous.'') So Allah gave him Ishaq, and gave him Ya` qub in addit ion.

び∠リΒ͡エヤ͡⇒∠タ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ６Κミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (Each one We made right eous. ) means, bot h of t hem were good and right eous people.

び⇔るヨｚ も͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We made t hem leaders,) means, examples t o be followed.

びゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ぴ (guiding by Our command,) invit ing t o Him by His leave. Allah says:

りヲヤｚダャや ュ∠ ゅ∠ホま͡ヱ∠ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇バプ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Β∠ェ∇ヱ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ び͡りヲ⇒∠ミゴｚ ャや ￢∠ べ∠わΑ͡まヱ∠ (and We revealed t o t hem t he doing of good deeds, performing Salah, and t he giving of Zakah,) Here t he general is followed by t he specific.

び∠リΑ͡ギら͡ ⇒∠ハ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and of Us (Alone) t hey were t he worshippers.) means, t hey did what t hey enj oined ot hers t o do.

The Prophet Lut Then Allah ment ions Lut , whose full name was Lut bin Haran bin Azar. He believed in Ibrahim and followed him, and migrat ed wit h him, as Allah says:

びヴあよケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∀ゲィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰョ⊥ ヴあルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∀ヅヲ⊥ャ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ぴ (So Lut believed in him. He (Ibrahim) said: "I will emigrat e for t he sake of my Lord'') ぴ29:26び. Allah gave him wisdom and knowledge; He sent Revelat ion t o him, made him a Prophet and appoint ed him t o Sadum (Sodom) and it s vicinit y, but t hey rej ect ed him and resist ed him, so Allah ut t erly dest royed t hem, as He t ells us in several places in His Book. Allah says;

る͡ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ｚ ル∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ムェ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ へ ゅ⇔デヲ⊥ャヱ∠ ぴ ￢∃ ∇ヲシ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ゑ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠らガ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バｚゎ ろ∠ルゅ∠ミ ヴ͡わャｚや リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ べ∠レわ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠プ び (and We saved him from t he t own who pract ised Al-Khaba'it h. Verily, t hey were a people given t o evil, and were rebellious. And We admit t ed him t o Our mercy; t ruly, he was of t he right eous.)

ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ｚ レ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らイ ∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ン∠キゅ∠ル ∇クま͡ ゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ルヱ∠ ぴ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲダ ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ ∇ゲム∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヲシ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや びリ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホゲ∠ ∇ビほ∠プ∠ (76. And (remember) Nuh, when he cried (t o Us) aforet ime. We answered t o his invocat ion and saved him and his family from t he great dist ress.) (77. We helped him against t he people who denied Our Ayat . Verily, t hey were a people given t o evil. So We drowned t hem all.)

Nuh and His People Allah t ells us how He responded t o His servant and Messenger Nuh, peace be upon him, when he prayed t o Him against his people for t heir disbelief in him:

び ∇ゲダ ͡ わ∠ ルゅ∠プ ∀ゆヲ⊥ヤ∇ピョ∠ ヴぁルぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ゅ∠ハギ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then he invoked his Lord (saying): "I have been overcome, so help (me)!'') ぴ54:10び

リ ∠ ョ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ケグ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ あ ケｚ ∀ゥヲ⊥ル メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ポ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇やヲぁヤツ ͡ Α⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡ま マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ - や⇔ケゅｚΑキ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや び や⇔ケゅｚヘミ∠ や⇔ゲ͡ィゅ∠プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギヤ͡Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ (And Nuh said: "My Lord! Leave not any inhabit ant of t he disbelievers on t he eart h! If You leave t hem, t hey will mislead Your servant s, and t hey will beget none but wicked disbelievers) ぴ71:26-27び. So Allah says here,

び⊥ヮヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ｚ レ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らイ ∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ン∠キゅ∠ル ∇クま͡ぴ (And (remember) Nuh, when he cried (t o Us) aforet ime. We answered t o his invocat ion and saved him and his family) meaning, t hose who believed wit h him, as Allah says elsewhere:

べ∠ョヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∀モΒ͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ (...and your family -- except him against whom t he Word has already gone fort h -- and t hose who believe. And none believed wit h him, except a few) ぴ11: 40び.

び͡ユΒ͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ ∇ゲム∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぴ (from t he great dis- t ress.) meaning, from difficult y, rej ect ion and harm. For he remained among t hem for one t housand years less fift y, calling t hem t o Allah, and no one had believed in him except for a few. His people were plot t ing against him and advising one anot her cent ury aft er cent ury, generat ion aft er generat ion, t o oppose him.

び͡ュ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲダ ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(We helped him against t he people) means, ` We saved him and helped him against t he people,'

￢∃ ∇ヲシ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ び∠リΒ͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホゲ∠ ∇ビほ∠プ∠ (who denied Our Ayat . Verily, t hey were a people given t o evil. So We drowned t hem all.) meaning, Allah drowned t hem all, and not one of t hem was left on t he face of t he eart h, as t heir Prophet had prayed would happen t o t hem.

∇クま͡ ゐ ͡ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ͡ラゅ∠ヨム⊥ ∇エ∠Α ∇クま͡ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ヱ∠ キ∠ ヱ⊥ヱや∠キヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒∠セ ∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ムエ ⊥ ャ͡ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ レ∠ ビ ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ろゼ ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ムェ ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ ６Κミ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヨヰｚ ヘ∠ プ∠ ぴ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βト ｚ ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ ∇エらあ ジ ∠ Α⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ∠キヱ⊥ヱや∠キ ノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲガ ｚ ∠シ∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ダ ͡ ∇エわ⊥ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ サ ∃ ヲ⊥らャ∠ る∠ バ∠ ∇レタ ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヨヤｚハ ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤバ͡ ⇒∠プ ウ ∠ Αあゲャや リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠ジ ⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム͡ ⇒∠セ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ シ ͡ ∇ほよ∠ リあョ ゅ∠レ∇ミケ∠ ゅ∠よ ヴ͡わャｚや チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ る⇔ ヘ∠ タ ͡ ゅ∠ハ リ ͡ Β͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ハ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ Κ ⇔ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥タヲ⊥ピΑ∠ リ∠ョ びリ ∠ Β͡ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠ェ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ (78. And (remember) Dawud and Sulayman, when t hey gave j udgement in t he case of t he field in which t he sheep of cert ain people had Nafashat ; and We were wit ness t o t heir j udgement .) (79. And We made Sulayman t o underst and (t he case); and t o each of t hem We gave wisdom (Hukm) and knowledge. And We subj ect ed t he mount ains and t he birds t o glorify Our praises along wit h Dawud. And it was We Who were t he doer (of all t hese t hings).) (80. And We t aught him t he making of met al coat s of mail (for bat t les), t o prot ect you in your fight ing. Are you t hen grat eful) (81. And t o Sulayman (We subj ect ed) t he wind st rongly raging, running by his command t owards t he land which We had blessed. And of everyt hing We are t he All-Knower.) (82. And of t he Shayat in were some who dived for him, and did ot her work besides t hat ; and it was We Who guarded t hem.)

Dawud and Sulayman and the Signs which They were given; the Story of the People whose Sheep pastured at Night in the Field ぴAbuび Ishaq narrat ed from Murrah from Ibn Mas` ud: "That crop was grapes, bunches of which were dangling.'' This was also t he view of Shurayh. Ibn ` Abbas said: "Nafash means grazing.'' Shurayh, Az-Zuhri and Qat adah said: "Nafash only happens at night .'' Qat adah added, "ぴandび AlHaml is grazing during t he day.''

∇クま͡ ゐ ͡ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ͡ラゅ∠ヨム⊥ ∇エ∠Α ∇クま͡ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ヱ∠ キ∠ ヱ⊥ヱや∠キヱ∠ ぴ び͡ュ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ レ∠ ビ ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ろゼ ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ (And (remember) Dawud and Sulayman, when t hey gave j udgement in t he case of t he field in which t he sheep of cert ain people had past ured at night ;) Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn Mas` ud said: "Grapes which had grown and t heir bunches were spoiled by t he sheep. Dawud (David) ruled t hat t he owner of t he grapes should keep t he sheep. Sulayman (Solomon) said, ` Not like t his, O Prophet of Allah!' ぴDawudび said, ` How t hen' ぴSulaymanび said: ` Give t he grapes t o t he owner of t he sheep and let him t end t hem unt il t hey grow back as t hey were, and give t he sheep t o t he owner of t he grapes and let him benefit from t hem unt il t he grapes have grown back as t hey were. Then t he grapes should be given back t o t heir owner, and t he sheep should be given back t o t heir owner.' This is what Allah said:

び∠リ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヨヰｚ ヘ∠ プ∠ ぴ (And We made Sulayman t o underst and (t he case).)'' This was also report ed by Al-` Awfi from Ibn ` Abbas.

び⇔ゅヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ムェ ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ６Κミ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヨヰｚ ヘ∠ プ∠ ぴ (And We made Sulayman t o underst and (t he case); and t o each of t hem We gave wisdom and knowledge.) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat when Iyas bin Mu` awiyah was appoint ed as a j udge, Al-Hasan came t o him and found Iyas weeping. ぴAl-Hasanび said, "Why are you weeping'' ぴIyasび said, "O Abu Sa` id, What I heard about j udges among t hem a j udge is he, who st udies a case and his j udgment is wrong, so he will go t o Hell; anot her j udge is he who is biased because of his own whims and desires, so he will go t o Hell; and t he ot her j udge he who st udies a case and gives t he right j udgement , so he will go t o Paradise.'' Al-Hasan Al-Basari said: "But what Allah t ells us about Dawud and Sulayman (peace be upon t hem bot h) and t he Prophet s and what ever j udgement s t hey made proves t hat what t hese people said is wrong. Allah says:

∇クま͡ ゐ ͡ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ͡ラゅ∠ヨム⊥ ∇エ∠Α ∇クま͡ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ヱ∠ キ∠ ヱ⊥ヱや∠キヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒∠セ ∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ムエ ⊥ ャ͡ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ レ∠ ビ ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ろゼ ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ (And (remember) Dawud and Sulayman, when t hey gave j udgement in t he case of t he field in which t he sheep of cert ain people had past ured at night ; and We were wit ness t o t heir j udgement .) Allah praised Sulayman but He did not condemn Dawud.'' Then he -- Al-Hasan --

said, "Allah enj oins t hree t hings upon t he j udges: not t o sell t hereby for some miserable price; not t o follow t heir own whims and desires; and not t o fear anyone concerning t heir j udgement s. '' Then he recit ed:

∇ユム⊥ ∇ェゅ∠プ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ る⇔ ヘ∠ Β͡ヤカ ∠ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚル͡ま キ⊥ ヱ⊥ヱや∠ギΑぴ リ∠ハ マ ∠ ヤｚツ ͡ Β⊥ プ∠ ン∠ヲヰ∠ ∇ャや ノ͡ ら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ び͡ヮヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ (O Dawud! Verily, We have placed you as a successor on t he eart h; so j udge you bet ween men in t rut h and follow not your desire -- for it will mislead you from t he pat h of Allah.) ぴ38:26び

び͡ラ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇カや∠ヱ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ∇やヲ⊥ ゼ ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Therefore fear not men but fear Me) ぴ5:44び

び⇔ΚΒ͡ヤホ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ヨを∠ ヴ͡わ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and sell not My Ayat for a miserable price.) ぴ5:44び I say: wit h regard t o t he Prophet s (peace be upon t hem all), all of t hem were infallible and support ed by Allah. Wit h regard t o ot hers, it is recorded in Sahih Al-Bukhari from ` Amir bin Al-` As t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩͡ラや∠ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ∩∠ゆゅ∠タほ∠プ∠ ユ⊥ ミ͡ ゅ∠エ∇ャや ギ∠ ヰ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや や∠クま͡» «ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ∩∠ほト ∠ ∇カほ∠プ∠ ギ∠ ヰ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや (If t he j udge does his best , st udies t he case and reaches t he right conclusion, he will have t wo rewards. If he does his best , st udies t he case and reaches t he wrong conclusion, he will have one reward.) This Hadit h refut es t he idea of Iyas, who t hought t hat if he did his best , st udied t he case and reached t he wrong conclusion, he would go t o Hell. And Allah knows best . Similar t o st ory in t he Qur'an is t he report recorded by Imam Ahmad in his Musnad from Abu Hurayrah, who said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ょ ⊥ ∇もあグャや ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ∇クま͡ ∩ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇よや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ゎぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ » ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ∠ツボ∠ プ∠ ∩∠キヱ⊥ やキ∠ンヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠わヨ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠エわ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇よゅ∇ャや ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ワ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ゅ∠ハギ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠わィ ∠ ゲ∠ ガ ∠ プ∠ ∩ン∠ゲ∇らム⊥ ∇ヤャ͡

マ ∠ ヨ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ :ン∠ゲ∇ピダ ぁ ャや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ボプ∠ :ゅ∠ヨム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁボセ ⊥ ぺ∠ リ ∠ Βあムジ あ ャや «ン∠ゲ∇ピダ ぁ ヤ͡ャ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ∠ツ∠ボ∠プ ∩⊥ヮボｚ ゼ ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ゅ∠ヰレ⊥ ∇よや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぶ ⊥ や (There were t wo women who each had a son. The wolf came and t ook one of t he children, and t hey referred t heir disput e t o Dawud. He ruled t hat t he (remaining) child belonged t o t he older woman. They left , t hen Sulayman called t hem and said, "Give me a sword and I will divide him bet ween t he t wo of you.'' The younger woman said, "May Allah have mercy on you! He is her child, do not cut him up!'' So he ruled t hat t he child belonged t o t he younger woman). This was also recorded by Al-Bukhari and Muslim in t heir Sahihs. An-Nasa'i also devot ed a chapt er t o t his in t he Book of Judgement s.

び∠ゲ∇Βト ｚ ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ ∇エらあ ジ ∠ Α⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや キ∠ ヱ⊥ヱや∠キ ノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲガ ｚ ∠シ∠ヱぴ (And We subj ect ed t he mount ains and t he birds t o glorify Our praises along wit h Dawud.) This refers t o t he beaut y of his voice when he recit ed his Book, Az-Zabur. When he recit ed it in a beaut iful manner, t he birds would st op and hover in t he air, and would repeat aft er him, and t he mount ains would respond and echo his words. The Prophet passed by Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari while he was recit ing Qur'an at night , and he had a very beaut iful voice, he st opped and list ened t o his recit at ion, and said:

«キ⊥ヱや∠キ メ ͡ へ ゲ͡ Β͡ョや∠ゴョ∠ ∇リョ͡ や⇔ケゅ∠ョ∇ゴョ͡ や∠グワ∠ ヶ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠» (This man has been given one of t he wind inst rument s (nice voices) of t he family of Dawud.) He said: "O Messenger of Allah, if I had known t hat you were list ening, I would have done my best for you.''

リあョ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ダ ͡ ∇エわ⊥ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ サ ∃ ヲ⊥らャ∠ る∠ バ∠ ∇レタ ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヨヤｚ∠ハ∠ヱぴ び∇ユム⊥ シ ͡ ∇ほよ∠ (And We t aught him t he making of met al coat s of mail, t o prot ect you in your fight ing.) meaning, t he manufact ure of chain-armor. Qat adah said t hat before t hat , t hey used t o wear plat ed armor; he was t he first one t o make rings of chain-armor. This is like t he Ayah:

ヴ͡プ ∇ケギあ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ピら͡ ⇒∠シ ∇モヨ∠ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ギ∠ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚレャ∠ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び͡キ∇ゲジ ｚ ャや (And We made t he iron soft for him. Saying: "Make you perfect coat s of mail, and balance well t he rings of chain armor.'') ぴ34:10-11び, meaning, do not make t he pegs so loose t hat t he rings (of chain mail) will shake, or make it so t ight t hat t hey will not be able t o move at all. Allah says:

び∇ユム⊥ シ ͡ ∇ほよ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ダ ͡ ∇エわ⊥ ャ͡ぴ (t o prot ect you in your fight ing.) meaning, in your bat t les.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲム͡ ⇒∠セ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Are you t hen grat eful) means, ` Allah blessed you when He inspired His servant Dawud and t aught him t hat for your sake.'

The Power of Sulayman is unparalleled

び⇔るヘ∠ タ ͡ ゅ∠ハ ウ ∠ Αあゲャや リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠ジ ⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t o Sulayman (We subj ect ed) t he wind st rongly raging,) means, ` We subj ugat ed t he st rong wind t o Sulayman.'

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ミケ∠ ゅ∠よ ヴ͡わャｚや チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ぴ (running by his command t owards t he land which We had blessed.) meaning, t he land of AshSham (Great er Syria).

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ハ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And of everyt hing We are t he All-Knower.) He had a mat made of wood on which he would place all t he equipment of his kingship; horses, camels, t ent s and t roops, t hen he would command t he wind t o carry it , and he would go underneat h it and it would carry him aloft , shading him and prot ect ing him from t he heat , unt il it reached wherever he want ed t o go in t he land. Then it would come down and deposit his equipment and ent ourage. Allah says:

ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠カケ⊥ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ウ ∠ Αあゲャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲガ ｚジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ びゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ (So, We subj ect ed t o him t he wind; it blew gent ly by his order whit hersoever he willed.) ぴ38:36び

び∀ゲ∇ヰセ ∠ ゅ∠ヰェ ⊥ や∠ヱケ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇ヰ∠セ ゅ∠ワヱぁ ギ⊥ ビ ⊥ぴ (it s morning was a mont h's (j ourney), and it s aft ernoon was a mont h's) ぴ34:12び

び⊥ヮャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥タヲ⊥ピΑ∠ リ∠ョ リ ͡ Β͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And of t he Shayat in were some who dived for him,) means, t hey dived int o t he wat er t o ret rieve pearls, j ewels, et c., for him.

び∠マャ͡ク ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ Κ ⇔ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and did ot her work besides t hat ;) This is like t he Ayah:

リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ - ソ ∃ やｚヲビ ∠ ヱ∠ ￢∃ べｚレよ∠ ｚモミ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ び キ͡ ゅ∠ヘ∇タΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ルゲｚ ボ∠ ョ⊥ (And also t he Shayat in, every kind of builder and diver. And also ot hers bound in fet t ers.) ぴ38:37-38び.

び∠リΒ͡ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠ェ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and it was We Who guarded t hem.) means, Allah prot ect ed him lest any of t hese Shayat in did him any harm. All of t hem were subj ect t o his cont rol and dominat ion, and none of t hem would have dared t o approach him. He was in charge of t hem and if he want ed, he could set free or det ain whomever among t hem he wished. Allah says:

び キ͡ ゅ∠ヘ∇タΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ルゲｚ ボ∠ ョ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (And also ot hers bound in fet t ers.) ぴ38:38び

ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ゲぁ ツ ぁ ャや ヴ ∠ レ͡ ジ ｚ ョ∠ ヴあルぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ン∠キゅ∠ル ∇クま͡ ∠ゆヲぁΑ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヘゼ ∠ ム∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らイ ∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨェ ͡ やｚゲャや ユ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リョあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ｙゲッ ⊥ びリ ∠ Α͡ギら͡ ⇒∠バ∇ヤャ͡ ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル͡ギレ͡ハ (83. And (remember) Ayyub, when he cried t o his Lord: "Verily, dist ress has seized me, and You are t he Most Merciful of all t hose who show mercy.'') (84. So We answered his call, and We removed t he dist ress t hat was on him, and We rest ored his family t o him, and t he like t hereof along wit h t hem as a mercy from Ourselves and a Reminder for all t hose who worship Us.)

The Prophet Ayyub Allah tells us about Ayyub (Job), and the trials that struck him, affecting his wealth, children and physical health. He had plent y of livest ock, cat t le and crops, many children and beaut iful houses, and he was t est ed in t hese t hings, losing every t hing he had. Then he was t est ed wit h regard t o his body, and he was left alone on t he edge of t he cit y and t here was no one who t reat ed him wit h compassion apart from his wife, who t ook care of him. It was said t hat it reached t he st age where she was in need, so she st art ed t o serve people (t o earn money) for his sake. The Prophet said:

ｚユを⊥ ∩∠ラヲ⊥エャ͡ゅｚダャや ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥￢ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや ￢⇔ ゅ∠ヤよ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠» «モ∠ん∇ョほ∠∇ャゅ∠プ モ ⊥ ん∠ ∇ョほ∠∇ャや (The people who are t est ed t he most severely are t he Prophet s, t hen t he right eous, t hen t he next best and t he next best ). According t o anot her Hadit h:

ヮ͡ レ͡ Α͡キ ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ヮレ͡ Α͡キ ケ͡ ∇ギホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや ヴヤ∠わ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ » «ヮ͡もゅ∠ヤよ∠ ヶ͡プ ギ∠ Α͡コ ∀る∠よゅ∠ヤ∠タ (A man will be t est ed according t o his level of religious commit ment ; t he st ronger his religious commit ment , t he more severe will be his t est .) The Prophet of Allah, Ayyub, upon him be peace, had t he ut most pat ience, and he is t he best example of t hat . Yazid bin Maysarah said: "When Allah t est ed Ayyub, upon him be peace, wit h t he loss of his family, wealt h and children, and he had not hing left , he st art ed t o focus upon t he remembrance of Allah, and he said: ` I praise You, t he Lord of lords, Who best owed His kindness upon me and gave me wealt h and children, and t here was no corner of my heart t hat was not filled wit h at t achment t o t hese worldly t hings, t hen You t ook all of t hat away from me and You empt ied my heart , and t here is not hing t o st and bet ween me and You. If my enemy Iblis knew of t his, he would be j ealous of me. ' When Iblis heard of t his, he became upset . And Ayyub, upon him be peace, said: ` O Lord, You gave me wealt h and children, and t here was no one st anding at my door complaining of some wrong I had done t o him. You know t hat . I used t o have a bed prepared for me, but I forsook it and said t o myself: You were not creat ed t o lie on a comfort able bed. I only forsook t hat for Your sake.''' This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hat im. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Prophet said:

∇リョ͡ や⇔キや∠ゲィ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゲ∠ ト ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲぁΑぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヴ∠プゅ∠ハ ゅｚヨャ∠» ∩͡ヮよ͡ ∇ヲを∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ∩∃ょワ∠ ク∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨⊥ノら∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ ゆ ⊥ ヲぁΑぺ∠ ゅ∠Α :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ボプ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ «マ͡わヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ∇リョ͡ ノ⊥ ら∠ ∇ゼΒ∠レ∇レョ∠ ヱ∠

(When Allah healed Ayyub, He sent upon him a shower of golden locust s, and he st art ed t o pick t hem up and gat her t hem in his garment . It was said t o him, "O Ayyub, have you not had enough'' He said, "O Lord, who can ever have enough of Your mercy) The basis of t his Hadit h is recorded in t he Two Sahihs, as we shall see below.

び∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (and We rest ored his family t o him (t hat he had lost ) and t he like t hereof along wit h t hem) It was report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "They t hemselves were rest ored t o him.'' This was also narrat ed by Al-` Awfi from Ibn ` Abbas. Somet hing similar was also narrat ed from Ibn Mas` ud and Muj ahid, and t his was t he view of Al-Hasan and Qat adah. Muj ahid said: "It was said t o him, ` O Ayyub, your family will be wit h you in Paradise; if you want , We will bring t hem back t o you, or if you want , We will leave t hem for you in Paradise and will compensat e you wit h ot hers like t hem.' He said, ` No, leave t hem for me in Paradise.' So t hey were left for him in Paradise, and he was compensat ed wit h ot hers like t hem in t his world.''

びゅ∠ルギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ぴ (as a mercy from Ourselves) means, ` We did t hat t o him as a mercy from Allah t owards him.'

び∠リΑ͡ギら͡ ⇒∠バ∇ヤャ͡ ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and a Reminder for all t hose who worship Us.) means, ` We made him an example lest t hose who are beset by t rials t hink t hat We do t hat t o t hem because We do not care for t hem, so t hat t hey may t ake him as an example of pat ience in accept ing t he decrees of Allah and bearing t he t rials wit h which He t est s His servant s as He wills.' And Allah has t he ut most wisdom wit h regard t o t hat .

リ ∠ ョあ モ ｘ ミ⊥ モ ͡ ∇ヘム͡ ∇ャや や∠クヱ∠ ザ ∠ Α͡ケ∇キま͡ヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや びリ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや (85. And (remember) Isma` il, Idris and Dhul-Kifl: All were from among t he pat ient .) (86. And We admit t ed t hem t o Our mercy. Verily, t hey were of t he right eous.) Isma` il, Idris and DhulKifl Isma` il was t he son of Ibrahim Al-Khalil, peace be upon t hem bot h. He has already been ment ioned in Surah Maryam, where ment ion was also made of Idris. From t he cont ext and t he fact t hat Dhul-Kifl is ment ioned alongside Prophet s, it appears t hat he was also a Prophet . Ot hers say t hat he was a right eous man, a j ust king and a fair j udge. Ibn Jarir refrained from making any decisive comment . And Allah knows best .

ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ボルｚ リｚャ ラ∠ぺ リ ｚヌ ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ら͡ツ⇒∠ピョ⊥ ょ ∠ ワ∠ クｚ ク͡ま ͡ラヲぁレャや や∠クヱ∠ ぴ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ン∠キゅ∠レプ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らイ ∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヴあルま͡ マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ⇒͡イレ⊥ル マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ユあ ピ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ｚ ル∠ ヱ∠ (87. And (remember) Dhun-Nun, when he went of f in anger, and imagined t hat We shall not punish him! But he cried t hrough t he darknesses (Zulumat ) (saying): "There is no God but You, Glorified be You! Truly, I have been of t he Zalimin wrongdoers.'') (88. So We answered his call, and delivered him from t he dist ress. And t hus We do deliver t he believers.)

Yunus This st ory is ment ioned here, and in Surat As-Saffat and Surah Nun. Yunus bin Mat t a, upon him be peace, was sent by Allah t o t he people of Nineveh, which was a t own in t he area of Mawsil ぴin nort hern Iraqび. He called t hem t o Allah, but t hey rej ect ed him and persist ed in t heir disbelief. So he left t hem in anger, t hreat ening t hem wit h punishment aft er t hree ぴdaysび. When t hey realized t hat he was t elling t he t rut h and t hat a Prophet never lies, t hey went out t o t he desert wit h t heir children and cat t le and flocks. They separat ed t he mot hers from t heir children, t hen t hey beseeched Allah and pleaded t o Him, wit h t he camels and t heir young groaning, t he cows and t heir calves mooing, and t he sheep and t heir lambs bleat ing, so Allah spared t hem from t he punishment . Allah says:

ュ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま べ∠ヰバ∠ ヘ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ∇ろレ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ る∀ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ヴ͡プ ン ͡ ∇ゴガ ͡ ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヘゼ ∠ ミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ べｚヨャ∠ ザ ∠ ル⊥ ヲ⊥Α びリ ∃ Β͡ェ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇バわｚ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや (Was t here any t own t hat believed (aft er seeing t he punishment ), and it s fait h saved it Except t he people of Yunus; when t hey believed, We removed from t hem t he t orment of disgrace in t he life of t he world, and permit t ed t hem t o enj oy for a while) ぴ10:98び. Yunus, meanwhile, went and t raveled wit h some people on a ship, which was t ossed about on t he sea. The people were afraid t hat t hey would drown, so t hey cast lot s t o choose a man whom t hey would t hrow overboard. The lot fell t o Yunus, but t hey refused t o t hrow him overboard. This happened a second and a t hird t ime. Allah says:

びリ ∠ Β͡ツェ ∠ ∇ギヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ユ∠ ヰ∠ ⇒∠ジプ∠ ぴ (Then he (agreed t o) cast lot s, and he was among t he losers.) ぴ37:141び meaning, t he draw went against him, so Yunus st ood up, removed his garment and cast himself int o t he sea. Then Allah sent from t he Green Sea -- according t o what Ibn Mas` ud said -- a large fish which cleaved t he oceans unt il it came and swallowed Yunus when he t hrew himself int o t he sea. Allah inspired

t hat large fish not t o devour his flesh or break his bones, (as if He said) Yunus is not food for you, rat her your belly is a prison for him.

び͡ラヲぁレャや や∠クヱ∠ ぴ (And (remember) Dhun-Nun,) Here Nun refers t o t he fish; it is correct for it t o be at t ribut ed t o him here.

び⇔ゅら͡ツ⇒∠ピョ⊥ ょ ∠ ワ∠ クｚ ク͡まぴ (when he went off in anger,) Ad-Dahhak said: "Anger t owards his people.''

び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ボルｚ リｚャ ラ∠ぺ リ ｚヌ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and imagined t hat We shall not punish him!) meaning, const rict him in t he belly of t he fish. Somet hing similar t o t his was report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak and ot hers. This was t he view favored by Ibn Jarir, and he quot ed as evidence for t hat t he Ayah:

Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ロ⊥ ゅ∠ゎや∠￢ べｚヨョ͡ ∇ペヘ͡ レ⊥Β∇ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ケ∠ ギ͡ ホ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΒ∠ シ ∠ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ブ ⊥ あヤム∠ Α⊥ び⇔やゲ∇ジΑ⊥ ゲ∃ ∇ジハ ⊥ (and t he man whose resources are rest rict ed, let him spend according t o what Allah has given him. Allah put s no burden on any person beyond what He has given him. Allah will grant aft er hardship, ease) ぴ65:7び.

マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ン∠キゅ∠レプ∠ ぴ び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヴあルま͡ (But he cried t hrough t he dept hs of darkness (saying): "There is no God but You, Glorified be You! Truly, I have been of t he wrongdoers.'') Ibn Mas` ud said regarding t he ` dept hs of darkness': "The darkness of t he belly of t he fish, t he darkness of t he sea and t he darkness of t he night .'' This was also narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas, ` Amr bin Maymun, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Muhammad bin Ka` b, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan and Qat adah. Salim bin Abu Al-Ja` d said: "The darkness of t he fish in t he belly of anot her fish in t he darkness of t he sea.'' Ibn Mas` ud, Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers said: "This was because t he fish t ook him t hrough t he sea, cleaving it unt il it reached t he bot t om of t he sea. Yunus heard t he rocks at t he bot t om of t he sea ut t ering glorificat ion of Allah, at which point he said:

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヴあルま͡ マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ｚぴ (There is no God but You, Glorified be You! Truly, I have been of t he wrongdoers)'' ` Awf AlA` rabi said: "When Yunus found himself in t he belly of t he fish, he t hought t hat he had died. Then he moved his legs. When he moved his legs, he prost rat ed where he was, t hen he called out : ` O Lord, I have t aken a place of worship t o You in a place which no ot her person has reached.'''

びあユピ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ｚ ル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らイ ∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ (So ` We answered his call, and delivered him from t he dist ress.) means, ` We brought him fort h from t he belly of t he fish and from t hat darkness.'

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ⇒͡イレ⊥ル マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And t hus We do deliver t he believers.) means, when t hey are in difficult y and t hey call upon Us and repent t o Us, especially if t hey call upon Us wit h t hese words at t he t ime of dist ress. The leader of t he Prophet s encouraged us t o call upon Allah wit h t hese words. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Sa` d bin Abi Waqqas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "I passed by ` Ut hman bin ` Affan, may Allah be pleased wit h him, in t he Masj id, and greet ed him. He st ared at me but did not ret urn my Salam. I went t o ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab and said: ` O Commander of t he fait hful, has somet hing happened in Islam' I said t hat t wice. He said, ` No, why do you ask' I said, ` I passed by ` Ut hman a short while ago in t he Masj id and greet ed him, and he st ared at me but he did not ret urn my Salam.' ` Umar sent for ` Ut hman and asked him, ` Why did you not ret urn your brot her's Salam' He said, ` That is not t rue.' Sa` d said, ` Yes it is.' It reached t he point where t hey bot h swore oat hs. Then ` Ut hman remembered and said, ` Yes, you are right , I seek t he forgiveness of Allah and I repent t o Him. You passed by me a short while ago but I was preoccupied wit h t hought s of somet hing I had heard from t he Messenger of Allah , which I never t hink of but a veil comes down over my eyes and my heart .' Sa` d said: ` And I will t ell you what it was. The Messenger of Allah t old us t he first part of t he supplicat ion t hen a bedouin came and kept him busy, t hen t he Messenger of Allah got up and I followed him. When I felt worried t hat he would ent er his house, I st amped my feet . I t urned t o t he Messenger of Allah , who said,

«∨∠ベゅ∠エ∇シま͡ ヲ⊥よぺ∠ ∩や∠グワ∠ ∇リョ∠ » (Who is t his Abu Ishaq) I said, "Yes, O Messenger of Allah.'' He said,

«ヮ∠ヨプ∠ » (What is t he mat t er) I said, "Not hing, by Allah, except t hat you t old us t he first part of t he supplicat ion, t hen t his bedouin came and kept you busy.'' He said,

れ ͡ ヲ⊥エ∇ャや リ ͡ ∇トよ∠ ヶ͡プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇クま͡ ラ ͡ ヲぁレャや ヵ͡ク り⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ »

(Yes, t he supplicait on of Dhun-Nun when he was in t he belly of t he fish:

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヴあルま͡ マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ｚぴ (There is no God but You, Glorified be You! Truly, I have been of t he wrongdoers.)

ゅｚャま͡ テ ぁ ホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ∀ユ͡ヤ∇ジョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ネ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ «ヮ∠ャ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シや No Muslim ever prays t o his Lord wit h t hese words for anyt hing, but He will answer his prayer.)'' It was also recorded by At -Tirmidhi, and by An-Nasa'i in Al-Yawm wal-Laylah. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Sa` d said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

«ヮ∠ャ ょ ∠ Β͡イわ⊥ ∇シや ザ ∠ ル⊥ ヲ⊥Α ￢͡ ゅ∠ハギ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ハキ∠ ∇リョ∠ » (Whoever offers supplicat ion in t he words of t he supplicat ion of Yunus, will be answered.) Abu Sa` id said: "He was referring t o:

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ⇒͡イレ⊥ル マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And t hus We do deliver t he believers.)''

ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ や⇔キ∇ゲプ∠ ヴ͡ル∇ケグ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ン∠キゅ∠ル ∇クま͡ べｚΑゲ͡ ミ∠ コ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ∠Β∇エΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅレ∠ ∇らワ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らイ ∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ - リ ∠ Β͡をケ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハケ͡ ゅ∠ジΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ ヮ⊥ ィ ∠ ∇ヱコ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇エヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゅ⇔ら∠ワケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ら∠ビケ∠ ゅ∠レル∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや びリ ∠ Β͡バゼ ͡ ⇒カ (89. And (remember) Zakariyya, when he cried t o his Lord: "O My Lord! Leave me not single (childless), t hough You are t he Best of t he inherit ors.'') (90. So We answered his call, and We best owed upon him Yahya, and cured his wife for him. Verily, t hey used t o hast en on t o do good deeds, and t hey used t o call on Us wit h hope and fear, and t hey were Khashi` in before Us.)

Zakariyya and Yahya

Allah t ells us of His servant Zakariyya, who asked Allah t o grant him a son who would be a Prophet aft er him. The st ory has already been given in det ail at t he beginning of Surah Maryam and also in Surah ` Imran. Here an abbreviat ed version is given.

び⊥ヮよｚ ケ∠ ン∠キゅ∠ル ∇クま͡ぴ (when he cried t o his Lord) means, in secret , hiding it from his people.

び⇔やキ∇ゲプ∠ ヴ͡ル∇ケグ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ (O My Lord! Leave me not single,) means, wit h no child and no heir t o st and among t he people aft er me.

び∠リΒ͡をケ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (t hough You are t he Best of t he inherit ors.) This is a supplicat ion and form of praise befit t ing t he t opic. Allah says:

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇エヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠Β∇エΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らワ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らイ ∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ び⊥ヮィ ∠ ∇ヱコ∠ (So We answered his call, and We best owed upon him Yahya, and cured his wife for him.) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and Sa` id bin Jubayr said: "She was barren and never had a child, t hen she gave birt h.''

び͡れゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハケ͡ ゅ∠ジΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hey used t o hast en on t o do good deeds,) means, act s of worship and act s of obedience t owards Allah.

び⇔ゅら∠ワケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ら∠ビケ∠ ゅ∠レル∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey used t o call on Us wit h hope and fear,) At h-Thawri said, "Hoping for t hat (reward) which is wit h Us and fearing t hat (punishment ) which is wit h Us.''

び∠リΒ͡バゼ ͡ ⇒カ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey were Khashi` in before Us.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat t his means, sincerely believing in t hat which was revealed by Allah. Muj ahid said: "Truly believing.'' Abu Al-` Aliyah said: "Fearing.'' Abu Sinan said: "Khushu` means t he fear which should never leave our heart s.'' It was also report ed from Muj ahid t hat t he Khashi` in are t hose who are

humble.'' Al-Hasan, Qat adah and Ad-Dahhak said, "The Khashi` in are t hose who humble t hemselves before Allah.'' All of t hese suggest ions are close in meaning.

ゅ∠レェ ͡ ヱぁケ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ガヘ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰィ ∠ ∇ゲプ∠ ∇ろレ∠ ダ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや∠ヱぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ べ∠ヰレ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ (91. And she who guarded her chast it y, We breat hed int o her t hrough Our Ruh, and We made her and her son a sign for nat ions.)

` Isa and Maryam the True Believer Here Allah ment ions t he st ory of Maryam and her son ` Isa, j ust aft er ment ioning Zakariyya and his son Yahya, may peace be upon t hem all. He ment ions t he st ory of Zakariyya first , followed by t he st ory of Maryam because t he one is connect ed t o t he ot her. The former is t he st ory of a child being born t o an old man of advanced years, from an old woman who had been barren and had never given birt h when she was younger. Then Allah ment ions t he st ory of Maryam which is even more wondrous, for in t his case a child was born from a female wit hout (t he involvement of) a male. These st ories also appear in Surah Al ` Imran and in Surah Maryam. Here Allah ment ions t he st ory of Zakariyya and follows it wit h t he st ory of Maryam, where He says:

びゅ∠ヰィ ∠ ∇ゲプ∠ ∇ろレ∠ ダ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや∠ヱぴ (And she who guarded her chast it y,) means, Maryam (peace be upon her). This is like t he Ayah in Surah At -Tahrim:

ゅ∠ヰィ ∠ ∇ゲプ∠ ∇ろレ∠ ダ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ラ ∠ や∠ゲ∇ヨハ ͡ る∠ レ∠ ∇よや ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠レェ ͡ ヱぁケ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ガヘ∠ レ∠ プ∠ (And Maryam, t he daught er of ` Imran who guarded her chast it y. And We breat hed int o it ぴher garment び t hrough Our Ruh) ぴ66:12び.

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ べ∠ヰレ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We made her and her son a sign for t he nat ions. ) means, evidence t hat Allah is able t o do all t hings and t hat He creat es what ever He wills; verily, His command, when He int ends a t hing, is only t hat He says t o it , "Be'' -- and it is! This is like t he Ayah:

び͡サゅｚレ∇ヤャあ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇イレ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And (We wish) t o appoint him as a sign t o mankind) ぴ19:21び

-ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ｚョぺ⊥ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ リ∠ヨプ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バト ｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ や∠ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らわ͡ ⇒∠ミ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ ∇バジ ∠ ャ͡ (92. Truly, t his, your Ummah is one, and I am your Lord, t herefore worship Me.) (93. But t hey have broken up and differed in t heir religion among t hemselves. (And) t hey all shall ret urn t o Us.) (94. So whoever does right eous good deeds while he is a believer, his effort s will not be rej ect ed. Verily, We record it for him (in his Book of deeds).)

Mankind is One Ummah

び⇔りギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ｚョぺ⊥ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, t his, your Ummah is one,) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Qat adah and ` AbdurRahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, "Your religion is one religion.'' Al-Hasan Al-Basri said: "In t his Ayah, Allah explains t o t hem what t hey should avoid and what t hey should do.'' Then He said:

び⇔りギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ｚョぺ⊥ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, t his, your Ummah is one religion,) "Meaning, your pat h is one pat h. Cert ainly t his is your Shari` ah (Divine Law) which I have clearly explained you.'' So Allah says:

び͡ラヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and I am your Lord, t herefore worship Me.) This is like t he Ayah:

∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ぁゲャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び⇔ゅエ͡ヤ⇒∠タ (O (you) Messengers! Eat of t he Tayyibat (good t hings) and do right eous deeds.) Unt il His saying,

び͡ラヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(And I am your Lord, so have Taqwa of Me.) ぴ23:51-52び The Messenger of Allah said:

«ギ͡ェや∠ヱ ゅ∠レレ⊥ Α͡キ れ ∃ ゅｚヤハ ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや ゲ∠ セ ͡ ゅ∠バョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ » (We Prophet s are brot hers from different mot hers and our religion is one.) What is meant here is t hat t hey all worshipped Allah Alone wit h no part ner or associat e, alt hough t he Laws of each Messenger may have differed, as Allah says:

び⇔ゅイ⇒∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ハ ∠ ∇ゲセ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ｙモム⊥ ャ͡ぴ (To each among you, We have prescribed a Law and a clear way) ぴ5:48び

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∠レ∇Β∠よ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バト ｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (But t hey have broken up and differed in t heir religion among t hemselves.) meaning, t he nat ions were divided over t heir Messengers; some of t hem believed in t hem and some rej ect ed t hem. Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥バィ ͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ぴ ((And) t hey all shall ret urn t o Us.) meaning, ` on t he Day of Resurrect ion, when We will requit e each person according t o his deeds. If t hey are good, t hen he will be rewarded and if t hey are evil t hen he will be punished.' Allah says:

び∀リョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ヨ∠プぴ (So whoever does right eous good deeds while he is a believer,) meaning, his heart believes and his deeds are right eous.

び͡ヮΒ͡ ∇バジ ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ や∠ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (his effort s will not be rej ect ed. ) This is like t he Ayah:

び⇔Κヨ∠ ハ ∠ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡ツル⊥ Ι ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (cert ainly We shall not make t he reward of anyone who does his deeds in t he most perfect manner t o be lost .) ぴ18:30び which means, his effort s will not be wast ed; t hey will be appreciat ed and not even a speck of dust 's weight of inj ust ice will be done. Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥らわ͡ ⇒∠ミ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(Verily, We record it for him.) means, all his deeds are recorded and not hing of t hem at all is lost .

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ べ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ュや∠ゲ∠ェ∠ヱぴ あモミ⊥ リあョ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ァ ⊥ ヲィ ⊥ ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ァ ⊥ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ろエ ∠ わ͡ プ⊥ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ ∇ハヲ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤジ ͡ レ∠Α ゆ ∃ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅｚレミ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠レヤ∠∇Αヲ∠ Α∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ る∀ ダ ∠ ガ ͡ ⇒∠セ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ゅｚレミ⊥ ∇モよ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇リョあ る∃ ヤ∠∇ヘビ ∠ (95. And a ban is laid on every t own which We have dest royed t hat t hey shall not ret urn.) (96. Unt il, when Ya'j uj and Ma'j uj (Gog and Magog people) are let loose, and t hey swoop down from every Hadab.) (97. And t he t rue promise shall draw near. Then, you shall see t he eyes of t he disbelievers fixedly st aring in horror. (They will say:) "Woe t o us! We were indeed heedless of t his -- nay, but we were wrongdoers.'')

Those who have been destroyed, will never return to this World.

び∃るΑ∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ュや∠ゲ∠ェ∠ヱぴ (And a ban is laid on every t own) Ibn ` Abbas said, "it is enforced'', i.e., it has been decreed t hat t he people of each t ownship t hat has been dest royed will never ret urn t o t his world before t he Day of Resurrect ion, as is report ed clearly ぴt hrough ot her narrat ionsび from Ibn ` Abbas, Abu Ja` far Al-Baqir, Qat adah and ot hers.

Ya'juj and Ma'juj

び⊥ァヲ⊥ィ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ァ ⊥ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ろエ ∠ わ͡ プ⊥ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (Unt il, when Ya` j uj and Ma` j uj are let loose,) We have already ment ioned t hat t hey are from t he progeny of Adam, upon him be peace; t hey are also descent s of Nuh t hrough his son Yafit h (Japhet h), who was t he fat her of t he Turks, Turk referring t o t he group of t hem who were left behind t he barrier which was built by Dhul-Qarnayn. Allah says:

ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ヴあよケｚ リあョ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ やグ∠ ⇒∠ワぴ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ボ∂ ェ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ￢∠ べｚミキ∠ び∃ヂ∇バよ∠ ヴ͡プ ァ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ (This is a mercy from my Lord, but when t he promise of my Lord comes, He shall level it down t o t he ground. And t he promise of my Lord is ever t rue. And on t hat Day, We shall leave t hem t o surge like waves on one anot her...)ぴ18:98-99び. And in t his Ayah, Allah says:

あモミ⊥ リあョ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ァ ⊥ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほ∠ョ∠ヱ ァ ⊥ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ろエ ∠ わ͡ プ⊥ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤジ ͡ レ∠Α ゆ ∃ ギ∠ ェ ∠ (Unt il, when Ya` j uj and Ma` j uj are let loose, and t hey swoop down from every Hadab.) meaning, t hey will come fort h quickly t o spread corrupt ion. A Hadab is a raised port ion of land. This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah, Abu Salih, At h-Thawri and ot hers. This is how t heir emergence is described, as if t he list ener can see it .

び∃ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ マ ∠ ゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And none can inform you like Him Who is t he All-Knower.) ぴ35:14び. This is informat ion given by t he One Who knows what has happened and what is yet t o come, t he One Who knows t he unseen in t he heavens and on eart h. There is no god except Him. Ibn Jarir narrat ed t hat ` Ubaydullah bin Abi Yazid said, "Ibn ` Abbas saw some young boys playing and pouncing on one anot her, and said, t his is how Ya'j uj and Ma'j uj will emerge.'' Their emergence has been described in numerous Hadit hs of t he Prophet . The First Hadit h Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri said: "I heard t he Messenger of Allah say:

∩͡サゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ァヲ⊥ィ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ァ ⊥ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほΑ∠ ウ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヘゎ⊥ » :モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ び∠ラヲ⊥ヤジ ͡ レ∠Α ゆ ∃ ギ∠ ェ ∠ あモミ⊥ リあョ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや コ⊥ ゅ∠エ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ピΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ セ ͡ やヲ∠ ョ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲぁヨツ ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ⊥ダェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ も͡ や∠ギョ∠

ゲぁ ヨ⊥ Β∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ロ∠ ゅ∠Βョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ジよ͡ ゅ∠Α ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ミゲ⊥ ∇わΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ゼΒ∠ プ∠ ゲ͡ ヰ∠ レｚ ャゅ͡よ ∇ギホ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ゲ͡ ヰ∠ レｚ ャや マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ よ͡ ゲぁ ヨ⊥ Β∠ ャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇リョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ペ ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩⇔りゲｚ ョ∠ ∀￢ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レヰ⊥ ワ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ :∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥も͡ ゅ∠ホ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩∃るレ∠ Α͡ギョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∃ ∇ダェ ͡ ヶ͡プ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ヶ ∠ ボ͡ よ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ビゲ∠ プ∠ ∇ギホ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ャぽ⊥ ワ∠ ヶ͡ョ∇ゲΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥ヮわ∠ よ∠ ∇ゲェ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ぁゴヰ⊥ Α∠ ｚユを⊥ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ￢͡ ゅ∠ヤら∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ⇔ョキ∠ る⇔ ら∠ ツ ｚ ガ⊥ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ノ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲわ∠ プ∠ ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ ∩∠マャ͡ク∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Βら∠ プ∠ ∩͡るレ∠ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヶ͡プ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや キ͡ や∠ゲイ ∠ ∇ャや ブ ͡ ピ∠ レ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ハぺ∠ ヶ͡プ や⇔キヱ⊥キ ∩ｘザェ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エら͡ ∇ダΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ヮホ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ヵ͡ゲ∇ゼΑ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ キ⊥ ゲｚ イ ∠ わ∠ Β∠ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨ぁヱギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ャや や∠グワ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゲ∠ ヌ ⊥ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∀メヲ⊥わ∇ボョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠レ∠デ∇ヱ∠ぺ ∇ギホ∠ ∩⊥ヮジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ゅ⇔らジ ͡ わ∠ ∇エョ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∩∃ヂ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∩ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲョ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ イ ͡ Β∠ プ∠ メ ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡ やヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇よぺ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バョ∠ ゅ∠Α :ヵ͡キゅ∠レΒ⊥ プ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユミ⊥ ヱｚ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ヘミ∠ ∇ギホ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ セ ͡ や∠ヲョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ェゲあ ジ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ⊥ダェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ も͡ や∠ギョ∠

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゲ⊥ ム∠ ∇ゼわ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ョ⊥ ヲ⊥エャ⊥ ゅｚャま͡ ∀ヶ∇ハ∠ケ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タ ∠ ぺ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠らレｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ∇れゲ∠ ム͡ セ ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ͡ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠ミ∠ «テ∠ホ (Ya'j uj and Ma'j uj will be let loose and will emerge upon mankind, as Allah says: (and t hey swoop down from every Hadab.) They will overwhelm t he people, and t he Muslims will ret reat t o t heir cit ies and st rongholds, bringing t heir flocks wit h t hem. They ぴYa'j uj and Ma'j uj び will drink all t he wat er of t he land unt il some of t hem will pass a river and drink it dry, t hen t hose who come aft er t hem will pass by t hat place and will say, "There used t o be wat er here once.'' Then t here will be no one left except t hose who are in t heir st rongholds and cit ies. Then one of t hem will say, "We have defeat ed t he people of t he eart h; now t he people of heaven are left .'' One of t hem will shake his spear and hurl it int o t he sky, and it will come back st ained wit h blood, as a t est and a t rial for t hem. While t his is happening, Allah will send a worm in t heir necks, like t he worm t hat is found in dat e-st ones or in t he nost rils of sheep, and t hey will die and t heir clamor will cease. Then t he Muslims will say, "Who will volunt eer t o find out what t he enemy is doing'' One of t hem will st ep forward and volunt eer, knowing t hat he will likely be killed. He will go down and will find t hem dead, lying on t op of one anot her. Then he will call out , "O Muslims! Rej oice t hat Allah has sufficed you against your enemy!'' Then t hey will come out of t heir cit ies and st rongholds, and will let t heir flocks out t o graze, but t hey will have not hing t o graze upon except t he flesh of t hese people (Ya'j uj and Ma'j uj ), but it will fill t hem bet t er t han any veget at ion t hey have ever eat en before.) It was also recorded by Ibn Maj ah. The Second Hadit h Imam Ahmad also recorded from An-Nawwas bin Sam` an Al-Kilabi t hat t he Messenger of Allah ment ioned t he Daj j al one morning. "Somet imes he described him as insignificant and somet imes he described him as so significant t hat we felt as if he were in t he clust er of palm t rees. He said:

ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ .∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヶ͡レプ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ メ ͡ ゅｚィギｚ ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠» ろ ⊥ ∇ジャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥キ ヮ⊥ イ ⊥ Β͡イェ ∠ ゅ∠ルほ∠プ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ヶ͡わヘ∠ Β͡ヤカ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や∠ヱ ∩͡ヮジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ア ⊥ Βイ∠ェ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや ぁモム⊥ プ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ヮ⊥ レ⊥ ∇Βハ ∠ ∩∀テト ∠ ホ∠ ∀ギ∇バ∠ィ ゆ ｘ ゅ∠セ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩∃ユヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ベ ͡ や∠ゲバ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ュ͡ ゅｚゼャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ る⇔ ヤｚカ ∠ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩∀るΒ∠ プ͡ ゅ∠デ «やヲ⊥わら⊥ ∇をや ぶ ͡ や キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅ∠Α ∩ゅ⇔ャゅ∠ヨセ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レΒ͡ヨΑ∠ ゐ ∠ ゅ∠バプ∠ (There are ot her t hings t hat I fear for you more t han t he Daj j al. If he emerges while I am among you, I will deal wit h him for you. If he emerges when I am not among you, t hen each man will have t o deal wit h him for himself, and Allah will t ake care of each Muslim on my behalf. He (t he Daj j al) will be a young man wit h short , curly hair and a float ing eye. He will

emerge in a place bet ween Syria and Iraq and will spread mischief right and left . O servant s of Allah, be st eadfast !) We said, ` O Messenger of Allah, how long will he remain on eart h' He said,

∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α ∩∃ゲ∇ヰゼ ∠ ミ∠ ュ∀ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∃るレ∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α ∩ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠» «ユ⊥ムョ͡ ゅｚΑほ∠ミ∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ゲ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠シヱ∠ ∩∃るバ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ミ∠ (Fort y days: one day like a year, one day like a mont h, one day like a week, and t he rest of t he days like your days.) We said, ` O Messenger of Allah, on t hat day which will be like a year, will t he prayers of one day and one night be sufficient ' He said,

«ロ∠ケ∇ギ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ やヱ⊥ケギ⊥ ∇ホや ∩ゅ∠ャ» (No, but you will have t o comput e it according t o it s due proport ion (and pray accordingly).) We said, ` O Messenger of Allah, how fast will he move across t he land' He said,

«ウΑあゲャや ヮ⊥ ∇ゎゲ∠ よ∠ ∇ギわ∠ ∇シや ゑ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ∠ミ» (Like a cloud driven by t he wind.) He said,

ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΒ∠ プ∠ ヶ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゲぁ ヨ⊥ Β∠ プ∠ » ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ろら͡ ∇レわ⊥ プ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥ゲト ͡ ∇ヨわ⊥ プ∠ ∠￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ロ⊥ ギｚ ョ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ン⇔ケク⊥ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ メ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ェ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠シ ヶ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゲぁ ヨ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ハヱ⊥ゲッ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ピ∠ ら∠ ∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ゲタ ͡ や∠ヲカ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ ら∠ ∇わわ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠∇ヲホ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁキゲ⊥ Β∠ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∀￢∇ヶセ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡ヤエ ͡ ∇ヨョ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エら͡ ∇ダΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ポコ∠ ヲ⊥レミ⊥ ヶ͡ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ :ゅ∠ヰャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ る͡ よ∠ ゲ͡ ガ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゲぁ ヨ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ モ ͡ ∇エレｚ ャや ょ ͡ Β͡シゅ∠バΒ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ワコ⊥ ヲ⊥レミ⊥ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ ら∠ ∇わわ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ャ∠∇ゴィ ∠ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ボΒ∠ プ∠ ブ ͡ ∇Βジ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥モわ∠ ∇ボΒ⊥ プ∠ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ゲ∠ よ͡ モ ⊥ ヤｚヰ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡チゲ∠ ピ∠ ∇ャや る∠ Β∠ ∇ョケ∠

ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ ∇クま͡ ∩∠マャ͡ク∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Βら∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮヰ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ メ ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ユΑ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ウ ∠ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡リ∇Βゎ∠ キ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ∇ヰョ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ペ ∠ ∇ゼョ∠ キ͡ ヶ ｚ ホ͡ ∇ゲセ ∠ ͡￢ゅ∠ツ∇Β∠ら∇ャや り͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠レヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ミ⊥ ケ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ ら∠ ∇わΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡リ∇Βム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ る͡ エ ∠ レ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ ゅ⇔バッ ͡ や∠ヱ ∩∠マャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Βら∠ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヶ あ ホ͡ ∇ゲゼ ｚ ャや ギ∠ ャ⊥ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠よ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥わ⊥ ∇ボΒ∠ プ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ͡ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ヴ∠ャま͡ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヴ∠ェ∇ヱ∠ぺ ∇クま͡ ゅ∠ャ ∩ヵ͡キゅら∠ ハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ や⇔キゅ∠らハ ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヶあルぺ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∩͡ケヲぁトャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇コゲあ エ ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠わボ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ͡ や∠ギΑ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∩∠ァヲ⊥ィ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ァ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほΑ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΒ∠ プ∠ :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ び∠ラヲ⊥ヤジ ͡ レ∠Α ゆ ∃ ギ∠ ェ ∠ あモミ⊥ リあョ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (He will come t o a people and call t hem ぴt o his wayび and t hey will respond t o him. He will issue a command t o t he sky and it will rain, and t o t he eart h and it will bring fort h veget at ion, t hen t heir livest ock will come t o t hem in t he evening wit h t heir humps very high and t heir udders full of milk and t heir flanks wide and fat . Then he will come t o anot her people and call t hem ぴt o his wayび and t hey will refuse, and t heir wealt h will leave wit h him, and t hey will be faced wit h drought , wit h none of t heir wealt h left . Then he will walk t hrough t he wast eland and will say t o it , "Bring fort h your t reasure,'' and it s t reasure will come fort h like a swarm of bees. Then he will issue commands t hat a man be killed, and he will st rike him wit h a sword and cut him int o t wo pieces, and (put t hese pieces as far apart ) as t he dist ance bet ween an archer and his t arget . Then he will call him, and t he man will come t o him wit h his face shining. At t hat point Allah will send t he Messiah ` Isa bin Maryam, who will come down t o t he whit e minaret in t he east ern side of Damascus, wearing t wo garment s light ly dyed wit h saffron and wit h his hands rest ing on t he wings of t wo angels. He will search for him (t he Daj j al) unt il he cat ches up wit h him at t he east ern gat e of Ludd, where he will kill him. Then Allah will reveal t o ` Isa ibn Maryam t he words: "I have brought fort h from amongst My creat ures people against whom none will be able t o fight . Take My servant s safely t o t he Mount (Tur).'' Then Allah will send Ya'j uj and Ma'j uj , as Allah says: (and t hey swoop down from every Hadab.))

∩ｚモィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ ゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ょ ⊥ ビ ∠ ∇ゲΒ∠ プ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エら͡ ∇ダΒ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠ホケ͡ ヶ͡プ ゅ⇔ヘピ∠ ル∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΒ⊥ プ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ テ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ヰΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∃りギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ミ∠ ヴ∠シ∇ゲプ∠ ロ⊥ ほ∠ヤ∠ョ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ⇔わ∇Βよ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ ゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ ゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ょ ⊥ ビ ∠ ∇ゲΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ∠わ∠ル∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ワ∠ コ∠ ベ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ハほ∠ミ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βデ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩ｚモィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や «ぶや ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ェ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇トわ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ͡ ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ろ∇ガら⊥ ∇ャや (` Isa and his companions will beseech Allah, and Allah will send against t hem insect s which will at t ack t heir necks, and in t he morning t hey will all perish as one. Then ` Isa and his companions will come down and t hey will not find a single spot on eart h t hat is free from t heir put refact ion and st ench. Then ` Isa and his companions will again beseech Allah, and He will send birds wit h necks like t hose of Bact rian camels, and t hey will carry t hem and t hrow t hem wherever Allah wills.) Ibn Jabir said: "` At a' bin Yazid As-Saksaki t old me, from Ka` b or someone else: ` They will t hrow t hem int o Al-Mahbal.' Ibn Jabir said: "I said, ` O Abu Yazid, and where is Al-Mahbal'' He said, "In t he east (where t he sun rises).'' He said:

ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ケ∃ ギ∠ ョ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βよ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ぁリム⊥ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ や⇔ゲ∠ト∠ョ ぶ ⊥ や モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ » ゅ∠ヰミ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇わΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや モ ⊥ジ ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ゲ∃ よ∠ ヱ∠ ヵあキケ⊥ ∠ヱ ポ ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ を∠ ヶ͡わら͡ ∇ルぺ∠ :チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ヤャ͡ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡るヘ∠ ャ∠ゴｚ ャゅ∠ミ る͡ ル∠ ゅｚョゲぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ∠ ｚレャや モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩͡マわ∠ ミ∠ ゲ∠ よ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ モ ͡ ∇シゲあ ャや ヶ͡プ ポ ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠らΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰヘ͡ ∇エボ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲぁヤヌ ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ る∠ エ ∠ ∇ボヤあャや∠ヱ ∩͡サゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ュ∠ ゅ∠ゃヘ͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡ヘ∇ムわ∠ ャ∠ モ ͡ よ͡ み͡∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ る∠ エ ∠ ∇ボヤあャや ヶ͡ヘ∇ムゎ∠ ユ͡ レ∠ ピ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ り∠ ゅｚゼャや∠ヱ ∩∠グガ ͡ ヘ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡ヘ∇ムゎ∠ ゲ͡ ボ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ ∇クま͡ ∩∠マャ͡ク∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Βら∠ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩͡ろ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠

∇ユヰ͡ デ ͡ ゅ∠よへ ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほわ∠ プ∠ ∩⇔るら∠ Βあ デ ∠ ゅ⇔エΑ͡ケ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヴ∠ボ∇ら∠Α∠ヱ リ ∃ ョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ あモミ⊥ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ ユ∃ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ あモミ⊥ ゥ ∠ ヱ⊥ケ ヂ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ボわ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ゲヨ⊥ エ ⊥ ∇ャや ァ ∠ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰゎ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィケ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ Α∠ ∩͡サゅｚレャや ケ⊥ や∠ゲセ ͡ «る∠ハゅｚジャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ (Then Allah will send rain which no house of clay or (t ent of) camel's hair will be able t o keep out , for fort y days, and t he eart h will be washed unt il it looks like a mirror. Then it will be said t o t he eart h: bring fort h your fruit and rest ore your blessing. On t hat day a group of people will be able t o eat from one pomegranat e and seek shade under it s skin, and everyt hing will be blessed. A milch-camel will give so much milk t hat it will be sufficient for a whole group of people, and a milch-cow will give so much milk t hat it will be sufficient for a whole clan, and a sheep will be sufficient for an ent ire household. At t hat t ime Allah will send a pleasant wind which will reach beneat h t heir armpit s and will t ake t he soul of every Muslim -- or every believer -- and t here will be left only t he most evil of people who will commit fornicat ion like mules, and t hen t he Hour will come upon t hem.)'' This was also recorded by Muslim but not by Al-Bukhari. It was also recorded by t he Sunan compilers, wit h different chains of narrat ors. At Tirmidhi said, "It is Hasan Sahih.'' The Third Hadit h Imam Ahmad recorded from Ibn Harmalah, from his mat ernal aunt who said: "The Messenger of Allah gave a Khut bah, and he had a bandage on his finger where he had been st ung by a scorpion. He said:

∠ラヲ⊥ャや∠ゴ∠ゎ ゅ∠ャ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ｚヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ャ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡» :ァ ⊥ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほ∠ョ∠ヱ ァ ⊥ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほΑ∠ ヶ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩や６ヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ボゎ⊥ ょ ∠ ∇ヰタ ⊥ ∩͡ラヲ⊥Βバ⊥ ∇ャや ケ∠ ゅ∠ピタ ͡ ∩͡ロヲ⊥ィヲ⊥ ∇ャや チ ∠ や∠ゲハ ͡ ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ラ ｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤジ ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ゆ ∃ ギ∠ ェ ∠ あモミ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ∩͡フゅ∠バゼ あ ャや «る∠ホゲ∠ ∇トヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ぁ ゅ∠イヨ∠ ∇ャや (You say t hat you have no enemy, but you will keep fight ing your enemies unt il Ya'j uj and Ma'j uj come, wit h t heir wide faces, small eyes and reddish hair, pouring down from every mound wit h t heir faces looking like burnished shields.)'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded a Hadit h of Muhammad bin ` Amr from Khalid bin ` Abdullah bin Harmalah Al-Mudlaj i, from his pat ernal aunt , from t he Prophet , and he ment ioned somet hing similar. It was confimred by Hadit hs t hat ` Isa bin Maryam will perform Haj j t o t he Al-Bayt Al-` At iq (i.e., t he Ka` bah). Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Sa` id said: "The Messenger of Allah said:

ァ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲカ ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ラ ｚ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ わ∠ ∇バΒ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや や∠グワ∠ リ ｚイ ｚ ∠エΒ⊥ ∠ャ» «ァヲ⊥ィ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ァ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほΑ∠ (He will cert ainly come t o t his House and perform Haj j and ` Umrah, aft er t he emergence of Ya'j uj and Ma'j uj .) This was recorded by Al-Bukhari.

びぁペエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ ∇ハヲ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホや∠ヱぴ (And t he t rue promise (Day of Resurrect ion) shall draw near.) t he Day of Resurrect ion, when t hese t errors and eart hquakes and t his chaos will come t o pass. The Hour has drawn nigh and when it comes t o pass, t he disbelievers will say: "This is a difficult Day.'' Allah says:

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ る∀ ダ ∠ ガ ͡ ⇒∠セ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (Then, you shall see t he eyes of t he disbelievers fixedly st aring in horror.) because of t he horror of t he t remendous event s t hat t hey are wit nessing.

びべ∠レヤ∠∇Αヲ∠ Αぴ (Woe t o us!) means, t hey will say, ` Woe t o us!'

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇リョあ る∃ ヤ∠∇ヘビ ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅｚレミ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (We were indeed heedless of t his) means, in t he world.

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ゅｚレミ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (nay, but we were wrongdoers.) t hey will admit t heir wrong- doing at t he t ime when t hat will not help t hem at all.

ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ょ ⊥ ダ ∠ ェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥キケ͡ や∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥キケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚョ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡プ∠コ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ

ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ゅｚレョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰジ ∠ Β∠ ジ ͡ェ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギバ∠ ∇らョ⊥ ネ ⊥ ゴ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ル⊥ ゴ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ろヰ∠ わ∠ ∇セや ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒ｚボヤ∠わ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミΙ ｘや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ (98. Cert ainly you and t hat which you are worshipping now besides Allah, are (but ) fuel (Hasab) for Hell! (Surely) you will ent er it .) (99. Had t hese been gods, t hey would not have ent ered t here (Hell), and all of t hem will abide t herein forever.) (100. Therein t hey will be breat hing out wit h deep sighs and roaring and t herein t hey will hear not .) (101. Verily, t hose for whom t he good has preceded from Us, t hey will be removed far t herefrom (Hell).) (102. They shall not hear t he slight est sound of it (Hell), while t hey abide in t hat which t heir own selves desire.) (103. The great est t error will not grieve t hem, and t he angels will meet t hem, (wit h t he greet ing:) "This is your Day which you were promised.'')

The Idolators and their gods are Fuel for Hell Allah says t o t he people of Makkah, t he idolat ors of t he Quraysh and t hose who followed t heir religion of idol worship:

び∠ユレｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ょ ⊥ ダ ∠ ェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Cert ainly you and t hat which you are worshipping now besides Allah, are (but ) Hasab for Hell!). Ibn ` Abbas said: "Kindling.'' This is like t he Ayah:

び⊥りケ∠ ゅ∠イエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ワキ⊥ ヲ⊥ホ∠ヱぴ (whose fuel is men and st ones) ぴ66:6び. According t o anot her report , Ibn ` Abbas said:

び∠ユレｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ょ ⊥ ダ ∠ ェ ∠ぴ (Hasab for Hell) means firewood in (t he dialect of t he people of) Zanj iyyah. Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah and Qat adah said: "It s fuel.'' Ad-Dahhak said: "The fuel of Hell means t hat which is t hrown int o it .'' This was also t he view of ot hers.

び∠ラヱ⊥キケ͡ やヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺぴ

((Surely) you will ent er it .) means, you will go int o it .

びゅ∠ワヱ⊥キケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚョ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ (Had t hese been gods, t hey would not have ent ered t here,) means, if t hese idols and false gods which you worshipped inst ead of Allah, had really been gods, t hey would not have ent ered t he Hellfire.

び∠ラヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and all of t hem will abide t herein forever.) means, t he worshippers and t he obj ect s of t heir worship will all abide t herein forever.

び∀ゲΒ͡プコ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (Therein t hey will be breat hing out wit h deep sighs and roaring) This is like t he Ayah:

び∀ペΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡プ∠コ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (t hey will have (in t he Fire), Zafir and Shahiq) ぴ11:106び. Zafir refers t o t heir exhalat ion, and Shahiq refers t o t heir inhalat ion.

び∠ラヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t herein t hey will hear not .)

The State of the Blessed

びヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ゅｚレョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose for whom t he good has preceded from Us,) ` Ikrimah said, "Mercy.'' Ot hers said it means being blessed.

び∠ラヱ⊥ギバ∠ ∇らョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (t hey will be removed far t herefrom.) When Allah ment ions t he people of Hell and t heir punishment for t heir associat ing ot hers in worship wit h Allah, He follows t hat wit h a descript ion of t he blessed who believed in Allah and His Messengers. These are t he ones for whom t he blessing has preceded from Allah, and t hey did right eous deeds in t he world, as Allah says:

び∀りキ∠ ゅ∠Αコ͡ ヱ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥レジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあぴ (For t hose who have done good is t he best reward and even more) ぴ10:26び

びリ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ェΗ ͡ やΙ ｚ ま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ジ∇ェΗ ͡ や ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ∇モワ∠ ぴ (Is t here any reward for good ot her t han good) ぴ55:60び Just as t hey did good in t his world, Allah will make t heir final dest iny and t heir reward good; He will save t hem from punishment and give t hem a great reward.

びゅ∠ヰジ ∠ Β∠ ジ ͡ェ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Κ ∠ ル∠ ヱ⊥ギバ∠ ∇らョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (t hey will be removed far t herefrom. They shall not hear t he slight est sound of it ,) means, t hey will not feel it s heat in t heir bodies.

び∠ラヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ろヰ∠ わ∠ ∇セや ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (while t hey abide in t hat which t heir own selves desire.) means, t hey will be safe from t hat which t hey fear, and t hey will have all t hat t hey love and desire. It was said t hat t his was revealed t o point out an except ion in t he case of t hose who are worshipped inst ead of Allah, and t o exclude ` Uzayr and t he Messiah from t heir number. Haj j aj bin Muhammad Al-A` war report ed from Ibn Jurayj , and ` Ut hman bin ` At a' report ed from Ibn ` Abbas:

ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ょ ⊥ ダ ∠ ェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥キケ͡ や∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ (Cert ainly you (disbelievers) and t hat which you are worshipping now besides Allah, are (but ) Hasab for Hell! (Surely) you will ent er it .) Then He made an except ion and said:

びヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ゅレｚ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose for whom t he good has preceded from Us.) It was said t hat t his referred t o t he angels and ` Isa, and ot hers who are worshipped inst ead of Allah. This was t he view of ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan and Ibn Jurayj . Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar said in his book of Sirah: "According t o what I have heard, t he Messenger of Allah sat down one day wit h Al-Walid bin AlMughirah in t he Masj id, and An-Nadr bin Al-Harit h came and sat down wit h t hem. There were also ot her men of Quraysh in t he Masj id. The Messenger of Allah spoke, t hen An-Nadr bin AlHarit h came up t o him and t he Messenger of Allah spoke t o him unt il he defeat ed him in argument . Then he recit ed t o him and t o t hem,

ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ょ ⊥ ダ ∠ ェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥キケ͡ や∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ (Cert ainly you and t hat which you are worshipping now besides Allah, are (but ) Hasab for Hell! (Surely) you will ent er it .) Unt il His St at ement ,

び∠ラヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t herein t hey will hear not .) Then t he Messenger of Allah got up and went t o sit wit h ` Abdullah bin Al-Zab` ari As-Sahmi. Al-Walid bin Al-Mughirah said t o ` Abdullah bin Al-Zab` ari, "By Allah, An-Nadr bin Al-Harit h could not mat ch t he son of ` Abd Al-Mut t alib in argument . Muhammad claims t hat we and t hese gods t hat we worship are fuel for Hell.'' ` Abdullah bin AzZab` ari said: "By Allah, if I meet wit h him I will defeat him in argument . Ask Muhammad whet her everyone t hat is worshipped inst ead of Allah will be in Hell wit h t hose who worshipped him, for we worship t he angels, and t he Jews worship ` Uzayr, and t he Christ ians worship AlMasih, ` Isa bin Maryam.'' Al-Walid and t hose who were sit t ing wit h him were amazed at what ` Abdullah bin Az-Zab` ari said, and t hey t hought t hat he had come up wit h a good point . He said t his t o t he Messenger of Allah , who said:

ノ∠ ョ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ぶや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ ∇リョ͡ ギ∠ ら∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ぁモミ⊥ » ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∩⊥ロギ∠ ら∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ «ヮ͡ゎキ∠ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ (Everyone who likes t o be worshipped inst ead of Allah will be wit h t he ones who worshipped him, for indeed t hey are worshipping t he Shayt an and whoever t old t hem t o worship him.) Then Allah revealed t he words:

ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ゅｚレョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰジ ∠ Β∠ ジ ͡ェ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギバ∠ ∇らョ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ろヰ∠ わ∠ ∇セや (Verily, t hose for whom t he good has preceded from Us, t hey will be removed far t herefrom (Hell). They shall not hear t he slight est sound of it (Hell), while t hey abide in t hat which t heir own selves desire.) It was revealed about t he ment ion of ` Isa, ` Uzayr and rabbis and monks who were also worshipped, who had spent t heir lives in devot ion t owards Allah, but t he misguided people who came aft er t hem t ook t hem as lords inst ead of Allah. Concerning t he not ion of worshipping t he angels as daught ers of Allah, t he following words were revealed:

∀キゅ∠ら͡ハ ∇モよ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ∠ ∇ムョぁ (And t hey say: "The Most Gracious has begot t en children. '' Glory t o Him! They are but honored slaves). Unt il His saying,

ヮ͡ Α͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠プ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ヮ∀ ⇒∠ャま͡ ヴあルま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇モボ⊥ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ (And if any of t hem should say: "Verily, I am a god besides Him,'' such a one We should recompense wit h Hell. Thus We recompense t he wrongdoers.) ぴ21:26-29び. Concerning ` Isa bin Maryam, t he fact t hat he is worshipped alongside Allah, and t he amazement of Al-Walid and t he ot hers who were present at t he argument ぴof ` Abdullah bin Az-Zab'ariび, t he following words were revealed:

ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ や∠クま͡ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ゆ ∠ ゲ͡ ッ ⊥ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ッ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ュぺ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠ぺ￢∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ͡ Α∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ カ ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ Ι ∠ ギ∠ ィ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ -モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レら∠ ャあ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∀ギ∇ら∠ハ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ る⇔ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョｚ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ｚ ゲ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジヤあャ ユ∀ ∇ヤバ͡ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ (And when t he son of Maryam is quot ed as an example, behold, your people cry aloud (laugh out at t he example). And say: "Are our gods bet t er or is he'' They quot ed not t he above example except for argument . Nay! But t hey are a quarrelsome people. He was not more t han a slave. We grant ed Our favor t o him, and We made him an example for t he Children of Israel. And if it were Our will, We would have made angels t o replace you on t he eart h. And he shall be a known sign for t he Hour. Therefore have no doubt concerning it .) ぴ43:57-61び meaning, t he miracles and signs t hat happened at his hands, such as raising t he dead and healing t he sick, are sufficient as signs of t he approach of t he Hour,

び∀ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∀ ゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ｚ ゲ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Therefore have no doubt concerning it . And follow Me (Allah)! This is t he st raight pat h) ぴ43:63び.'' What Ibn Az-Zab` ari said was a serious mist ake, because t he Ayah was addressed t o

t he people of Makkah concerning t heir worship of idols which were inanimat e and could not t hink. It was a rebuke for t heir worship of t hem, so Allah said:

び∠ユレｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ょ ⊥ ダ ∠ ェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Cert ainly you (disbelievers) and t hat which you are worshipping now besides Allah, are (but ) Hasab for Hell!) How could t his be applied t o Al-Masih, ` Uzayr and ot hers who did right eous deeds and did not accept t he worship of t hose who worshipped t hem

び⊥ゲら∠ ∇ミｘΙや ネ ⊥ ゴ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ル⊥ ゴ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (The great est t error will not grieve t hem,) It was said t hat t his means deat h, as was narrat ed by ` Abdur-Razzaq from Yahya bin Rabi` ah from ` At a.' Or it was said t hat t he great est t error refers t o t he blast of t he Trumpet , as Al-` Awfi said narrat ing from Ibn ` Abbas and Abu Sinan, Sa` id bin Sinan Ash-Shaybani. This was t he view favored by Ibn Jarir in his Tafsir.

∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒ｚボ∠ヤ∠わ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ (and t he angels will meet t hem, (wit h t he greet ing:) "This is your Day which you were promised''.) meaning, t he angels will greet t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion when t hey emerge from t heir graves wit h t he words:

び∠ラヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ ("This is your Day which you were promised''.) meaning, hope for t he best .

ゅ∠ヨ∠ミ ょ ͡ わ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ モ あイ ͡ジ あ ャや ヴ あト ∠ ミ∠ ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ン͡ヲ∇トル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヤバ͡ ⇒∠プ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や⇔ギ∇ハヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バルぁ ペ ∃ ∇ヤカ ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ べ∠ル∇ぺギ∠ よ∠ (104. And (remember) t he Day when We shall roll up t he heaven like a Sij ill for books. As We began t he first creat ion, We shall repeat it . (It is) a promise binding upon Us. Truly, We shall do it .)

The Heavens will be rolled up on the Day of Resurrection Allah says: t his will happen on t he Day of Resurrect ion:

び͡ょわ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ モ あイ ͡ジ あ ャや ヴ あト ∠ ミ∠ ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ン͡ヲ∇トル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ

(And (remember) t he Day when We shall roll up t he heaven like a Sij ill for books.) This is like t he Ayah:

ゅ⇔⇒バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ロ͡ ケ͡ ∇ギホ∠ ペ ｚェ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ケギ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ レ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ ろ ∀ ⇒ｚΑヲ͡ ∇トョ∠ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ツ∇らホ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ (They made not a j ust est imat e of Allah such as is due t o Him. And on t he Day of Resurrect ion t he whole of t he eart h will be grasped by His Hand and t he heavens will be rolled up in His Right Hand. Glorified be He, and High be He above all t hat t hey associat e as part ners wit h Him!) ぴ39:67び Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Nafi` report ed from Ibn ` Umar t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ッケ∠ ほ∠∇ャや る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヂ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» «ヮ͡レΒ͡ヨ∠Β͡よ れ ⊥ や∠ヲヨ∠ ジ ｚ ャや (On t he Day of Resurrect ion, Allah will seize t he eart h and t he heavens will be in His Right Hand.) This was recorded by Al-Bukhari, may Allah have mercy on him.

び͡ょわ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ モ あイ ͡ジ あ ャや ヴ あト ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (like a Sij ill rolled up for books.) What is meant by Sij ill is book. As-Suddi said concerning t his Ayah: "As-Sij ill is an angel who is ent rust ed wit h t he records; when a person dies, his Book (of deeds) is t aken up t o As-Sij ill, and he rolls it up and put s it away unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion.'' But t he correct view as narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas is t hat As-Sij ill refers t o t he record (of deeds). This was also report ed from him by ` Ali bin Abi Talhah and Al-` Awfi. This was also st at ed by Muj ahid, Qat adah and ot hers. This was t he view favored by Ibn Jarir, because t his usage is well-known in t he (Arabic) language. Based on t he above, t he meaning is: t he Day when t he heaven will be rolled up like a scroll. This is like t he Ayah:

びリ ͡ Β͡らイ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠ヤ∇シ∠ぺ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then, when t hey had bot h submit t ed t hemselves (t o t he will of Allah), and he had laid him prost rat e on his forehead.) ぴ37:103び There are many more linguist ic examples in t his respect . Allah knows best .

ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や⇔ギ∇ハヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バルぁ ペ ∃ ∇ヤカ ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ べ∠ル∇ぺギ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠ミぴ び∠リΒ͡ヤバ͡ ⇒∠プ

(As We began t he first creat ion, We shall repeat it . (It is) a promise binding upon Us. Truly, We shall do it .) means, t his will inevit ably come t o pass on t he Day when Allah creat es His creat ion anew. As He creat ed t hem in t he first place, He is surely able t o re-creat e t hem. This must inevit ably come t o pass because it is one of t he t hings t hat Allah has promised, and He does not break His promise. He is able t o do t hat . Because He says:

び∠リΒ͡ヤバ͡ ⇒∠プ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Truly, We shall do it .) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "The Messenger of Allah st ood among us exhort ing us, and said:

り⇔ や∠ゲハ ⊥ り⇔ ゅ∠ヘェ ⊥ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケヲ⊥ゼ∇エョ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡» ゅｚル͡ま ∩ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や⇔ギ∇ハヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バル⊥ ペ ∃ ∇ヤカ ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ぺギ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ャ∇ゲビ ⊥ «リΒ͡ヤハ ͡ ゅ∠プ ゅｚレミ⊥ (You will be gat hered before Allah barefoot , naked and uncircumcised. As We began t he first creat ion, We shall repeat it . (It is) a promise binding upon Us. Truly, We shall do it .) And he ment ioned t he ent ire Hadit h. It was also recorded in t he Two Sahihs, and Al-Bukhari ment ioned it in his Tafsir of t his Ayah.

ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ミグあ ャや ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ケ͡ ヲ⊥よゴｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ン ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰを⊥ ゲ͡ Α∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ギら͡ ⇒∠ハ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ゅ⇔ピ⇒∠ヤら∠ ャ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあ (105. And indeed We have writ t en in Az-Zabur aft er Adh-Dhikr t hat My right eous servant s shall inherit t he land.) (106. Verily, in t his t here is a plain Message for people who worship Allah.) (107. And We have sent you (O Muhammad ) not but as a mercy for t he ` Alamin.)

The Earth will be inherited by the Righteous Allah t ells us of His decree for His right eous servant s who are t he blessed in t his world and in t he Hereaft er, t hose who will inherit t he eart h in t his world and in t he Hereaft er. As Allah says:

ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰを⊥ ケ͡ ヲ⊥Α ヮ͡ ヤｚャ チ ∠ ∇ケΕ ∠や ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び∠リΒ͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや∠ヱ (Verily, t he eart h is Allah's. He gives it as a herit age t o whom He wills of His servant s; and t he (blessed) end is for t hose who have Taqwa.) ぴ7:128び

り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レレ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ び ギ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇セΙ ｘ や ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや (Verily, We will indeed make vict orious Our Messengers and t hose who believe in t his world's life and on t he Day when t he wit nesses will st and fort h.) ぴ40:51び

れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ブ ∠ ヤ∠∇ガわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨミ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケ∇Ιや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ヘ∠ ヤ͡∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ∠ び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ツゎ∠ ∇ケや ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ｚ レ∠ ム∂ ヨ∠ Β⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ (Allah has promised t hose among you who believe and do right eous good deeds, t hat He will cert ainly grant t hem succession in t he land, as He grant ed it t o t hose before t hem, and t hat He will grant t hem t he aut horit y t o pract ise t heir religion which He has chosen for t hem) ぴ24:55び. Allah t ells us t hat t his is recorded in t he Books of Divine Laws and Decrees, and t hat it will inevit ably come t o pass. Allah says:

び͡ゲ∇ミグあ ャや ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ケ͡ ヲ⊥よゴｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed We have writ t en in Az-Zabur aft er Adh-Dhikr) Al-A` mash said: "I asked Sa` id bin Jubayr about t he Ayah:

び͡ゲ∇ミグあ ャや ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ケ͡ ヲ⊥よゴｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed We have writ t en in Az-Zabur aft er Adh-Dhikr). He said: ` Az-Zabur means t he Tawrah, t he Inj il and t he Qur'an.''' Muj ahid said, "Az-Zabur means t he Book.'' Ibn ` Abbas, AshSha` bi, Al-Hasan, Qat adah and ot hers said, "Az-Zabur is t hat which was revealed t o Dawud, and Adh-Dhikr is t he Tawrah.'' Muj ahid said: "Az-Zabur means t he Books which came aft er AdhDhikr, and Adh-Dhikr is t he Mot her of t he Book (Umm Al-Kit ab) which is wit h Allah.'' This was also t he view of Zayd bin Aslam: "It is t he First Book.'' At h-Thawri said: "It is Al-Lawh AlMahfuz.''

び∠ラヲ⊥エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ン ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰを⊥ ゲ͡ Α∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘやラ ｚ ぺ∠ぴ (t hat My right eous servant s shall inherit t he land.) Muj ahid said, narrat ing from Ibn ` Abbas, "This means, t he land of Paradise.'' This was also t he view of Abu ` Aliyah, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Ash-Sha` bi, Qat adah, As-Suddi, Abu Salih, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and At h-Thawri (may Allah have mercy on t hem).

びリ ∠ Α͡ギら͡ ⇒∠ハ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ゅ⇔ピ⇒∠ヤら∠ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t his (t he Qur'an) t here is a plain Message for people who worship Allah.) means, ` in t his Qur'an which We have revealed t o Our servant Muhammad , t here is a plain Message which is beneficial and is sufficient for a people who worship Allah.' This refers t o t hose who worship Allah in t he manner which He has prescribed and which He loves and is pleased wit h, and t hey would rat her obey Allah t han follow t he Shayt an or t heir own desires.

Muhammad is a Mercy to the Worlds

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We have sent you not but as a mercy for t he ` Alamin.) Here Allah t ells us t hat He has made Muhammad a mercy t o t he ` Alamin, i.e., He sent him as a mercy for all of t hem ぴpeoplesび, so whoever accept s t his mercy and gives t hanks for t his blessing, will be happy in t his world and in t he Hereaft er. But whoever rej ect s it and denies it , will lose out in t his world and in t he Hereaft er, as Allah says:

∇やヲぁヤェ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャギｚ よ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ル∇ヲ∠ヤ∇ダ∠Α ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ - ケ͡ や∠ヲら∠ ∇ャや ケ∠ や∠キ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ び ケ⊥ や∠ゲボ∠ ∇ャや (Have you not seen t hose who have changed t he blessings of Allah int o disbelief, and caused t heir people t o dwell in t he house of dest ruct ion Hell, in which t hey will burn, -- and what an evil place t o set t le in!) ぴ14:28-29び And Allah says, describing t he Qur'an:

Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ∠ヱ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヴ⇔ヨハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇ホ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ や∠クや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ び∃ギΒ͡バよ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョｚ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヱキ∠ ゅ∠レΑ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥

(Say: "It is for t hose who believe, a guide and a healing. And as for t hose who disbelieve, t here is heaviness in t heir ears, and it is blindness for t hem. They are t hose who are called from a place far away.'') ぴ41:44び Muslim report s in his Sahih: Ibn Abi ` Umar t old us, Marwan Al-Fazari t old us, from Yazid bin Kisan, from Ibn Abi Hazim t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat it was said, "O Messenger of Allah, pray against t he idolat ors.'' He said:

«る∠ヨ∇ェケ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ルゅｚバャ∠ ∇ゑバ∠ ∇よぺ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ヶあルま͡» (I was not sent as a curse, rat her I was sent as a mercy.) This was recorded by Muslim. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Amr bin Abi Qurrah Al-Kindi said: "Hudhayfah was in Al-Mada'in and he was ment ioning t hings t hat t he Messenger of Allah had said. Hudhayfah came t o Salman and Salman said: ` O Hudhayfah, t he Messenger of Allah ぴwould somet imes be angry and would speak accordingly, and would somet imes be pleased and would speak accordingly. I know t hat t he Messenger of Allah び addressed us and said:

ヶ͡らツ ∠ ビ ∠ ヶ͡プ (る⇔ らｚ シ ∠ ) ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇らら∠ シ ∠ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヨΑぁ ぺ∠» ュ∠ キ∠ へ ギ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩⇔るレ∠ ∇バャ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇レバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヶ͡レん∠ バ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∩∠ラヲ⊥らツ ∠ ∇ピゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠ミ ょ ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ り⇔ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヤ∠バ∇ィゅ∠プ リ ∠ Β͡ヨャ∠ゅ∠バ∇ヤャ͡ (Any man of my Ummah whom I have insult ed or cursed when I was angry -- for I am a man from among t he sons of Adam, and I get angry j ust as you do. But Allah has sent me as a Mercy t o t he Worlds, so I will make t hat ぴmy angerび int o blessings for him on t he Day of Resurrect ion.'') This was also recorded by Abu Dawud from Ahmad bin Yunus from Za'idah. It may be asked: what kind of mercy do t hose who disbelieve in him get The answer is what Abu Ja` far bin Jarir recorded from Ibn ` Abbas concerning t he Ayah:

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We have sent you not but as a mercy for t he ` Alamin. ) He said, "Whoever believes in Allah and t he Last Day, mercy will be decreed for him in t his world and in t he Hereaft er; whoever does not believe in Allah and His Messenger, will be prot ect ed from t hat which happened t o t he nat ions of eart hquakes and st oning.''

∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ギ∀ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャま͡ べ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ル∠クや∠￢ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ゅｚョ ∀ギΒ͡バ∠よ ュ∠ぺ ∀ょΑ͡ゲ∠ホ∠ぺ ン͡ケ∇キぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ￢∃ へ∠ヲシ ∠

- ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ヰイ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∃ Β͡ェ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∀ネゅ∠わョ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ン͡ケ∇キ∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠バわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ⊥ ⇒ヨ∠ ∇ェゲｚ ャや ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ム∇ェや ゆ あ ケ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ (108. Say: "It is revealed t o me t hat your God is only one God. Will you t hen be Muslims'') (109. But if t hey t urn away say: "I give you a not ice t o be known t o us all alike. And I know not whet her t hat which you are promised is near or far.'') (110. "Verily, He knows t hat which is spoken aloud and He knows t hat which you conceal. '') (111. "And I know not , perhaps it may be a t rial for you, and an enj oyment for a while.'') (112. He said:"My Lord! Judge You in t rut h! Our Lord is t he Most Gracious, Whose help is t o be sought against t hat which you at t ribut e!'')

The main Objective of Revelation is that Allah be worshipped Allah commands His Messenger t o say t o t he idoat ors:

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ギ∀ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャま͡ べ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョぁ ("It is revealed t o me t hat your God is only one God. Will you t hen be Muslims'') meaning, will you t hen follow t hat and submit t o it

び∇や∇ヲャｚ∠ヲ∠ゎ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (But if t hey t urn away) means, if t hey ignore t hat t o which you call t hem.

び∃￢へ∠ヲシ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ル∠クや∠￢ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (say: "I give you a not ice t o be known t o us all alike...'') meaning, ` I declare t hat I am in a st at e of war wit h you as you are in a st at e of war wit h me. I have not hing t o do wit h you j ust as you have not hing t o do wit h me.' This is like t he Ayah:

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∠ヨ∠ハ ヴあャ モ⊥ボプ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ べｚヨョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゃΑ͡ゲよ∠ (And if t hey belie you, say: "For me are my deeds and for you are your deeds! You are innocent of what I do, and I am innocent of what you do!'') ぴ10:41び

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇グら͡ ルゅ∠プ る⇔ ル∠ ゅ∠Βカ ͡ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ｚ プ∠ ゅ∠ガゎ∠ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∃￢へ∠ヲシ ∠ (If you fear t reachery from any people, t hrow back (t heir covenant ) t o t hem (so as t o be) on equal t erms (t hat t here will be no more covenant bet ween you and t hem)) ぴ8:58び which means: so t hat bot h you and t hey will know t hat t he t reat y is null and void. Similarly, Allah says here:

び∃￢へ∠ヲシ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ル∠クや∠￢ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (But if t hey t urn away say: "I give you a not ice t o be known t o us all alike...'') meaning, ` I have already informed you t hat I have not hing t o do wit h you and you have not hing t o do wit h me.'

No one knows when the Hour will come

び∠ラヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ゅｚョ ∀ギΒ͡バよ∠ ュ∠ぺ ∀ょΑ͡ゲ∠ホ∠ぺ ン͡ケ∇キぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And I know not whet her t hat which you are promised (i.e., t he Day of Resurrect ion) is near or far.) meaning: ` it will inevit ably come t o pass, but I have no knowledge of whet her it is near or far.'

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ヰイ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, He (Allah) knows t hat which is spoken aloud (openly) and He knows t hat which you conceal.) Allah knows t he Unseen in it s ent iret y; He knows what His creat ures do openly and what t hey do secret ly. He knows what is visible and what is concealed; He knows what is secret and hidden. He knows what His creat ures do openly and in secret , and He will requit e t hem for t hat , for bot h minor and maj or act ions.

びリ ∃ Β͡ェ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∀ネゅ∠わョ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ン͡ケ∇キぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And I know not , perhaps it may be a t rial for you, and an enj oyment for a while.) meaning, ` I do not know, perhaps it is a t rial for you, and an enj oyment for a while.' Ibn Jarir said: ` perhaps t hat is being delayed for you as a t est for you, and enj oyment for an allot t ed t ime.' This was narrat ed by ` Awn from Ibn ` Abbas. And Allah knows best .

びあペ∠エ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ム∇ェや ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "My Lord! Judge You in t rut h!) means, j udge bet ween us and our people who disbelieve in t he t rut h. Qat adah said: "The Prophet s (peace be upon t hem) used t o say:

ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ウわ∠ ∇プや ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ び∠リΒ͡エわ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ("Our Lord! Judge bet ween us and our people in t rut h, for You are t he Best of t hose who give j udgment .'') ぴ7:89び, and t he Messenger of Allah was commanded t o say t his t oo.'' It was report ed from Malik from Zayd bin Aslam t hat when t he Messenger of Allah wit nessed any fight ing, he would say:

びあペ∠エ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ム∇ェや ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ ("My Lord! Judge You in t rut h!'')

び∠ラヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠バわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Our Lord is t he Most Gracious, Whose help is t o be sought against t hat which you at t ribut e!) means, ` against t he various lies and fabricat ions t hat you ut t er, some of which are worse t han ot hers; Allah is t he One Whose Help we seek against t hat .' This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Anbiya'. To Allah be praise and blessings.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Hajj (Chapter - 22) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

∀￢∇ヴ∠セ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや る∠ ャ∠ゴ∠ ∇ャコ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ べｚヨハ ∠ る∃ バ∠ ッ ͡ ∇ゲョ⊥ ぁモミ⊥ モ ⊥ ワ∠ ∇グゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇ヨェ ∠ モ ∃ ∇ヨェ ∠ れ ͡ や∠ク ぁモミ⊥ ノ⊥ ツ ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ろバ∠ ッ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ムジ ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ムシ ⊥ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや び ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠セ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや

(1. O mankind! Have Taqwa of your Lord! Verily, t he eart hquake of t he Hour is a t errible t hing.) (2. The Day you shall see it , every nursing mot her will forget her nursling, and every pregnant one will drop her load, and you shall see mankind as in a drunken st at e, yet t hey will not be drunk, but Allah's t orment is severe.)

The Hour Allah commands His servant s t o have Taqwa of Him, He informs t hem of t he t errors of t he Day of Resurrect ion which will come t o t hem wit h it s eart hquakes and ot her horrors, as He says:

ろ ͡ ィ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ - ゅ∠ヰャ∠や∠ゴ∇ャコ͡ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゴ͡ ∇ャコ⊥ や∠クま͡ぴ び ゅ∠ヰャ∠ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΕ ∠や (When t he eart h is shaken wit h it s (final) eart hquake. And when t he eart h t hrows out it s burdens.) ぴ99:1-2び

- り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ミｚ キ∠ ゅ∠わミｚ ギ⊥ プ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや ろ ͡ ヤ∠ヨ͡ ェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び る⊥ バ∠ ホ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや ろ ͡ バ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ プ∠ (And t he eart h and t he mount ains shall be removed from t heir places, and crushed wit h a single crushing. Then on t hat Day shall t he (Great ) Event befall.) ぴ69:14-15び And;

び ゅ⇔ジ ∂ よ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ジ ｚ よ⊥ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ィ ∂ ケ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやろ ͡ ィ ｚ ケ⊥ や∠クま͡ぴ (When t he eart h will be shaken wit h a t errible shake. And t he mount ains will be powdered t o dust .) ぴ56:4-5び It was said t hat t his eart hquake will come at t he end of t he life span of t his world, at t he out set of t he Hour. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat ` Alqamah comment ed on Allah's saying,

び∀ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや る∠ ャ∠ゴ∠ ∇ャコ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he eart hquake of t he Hour (of Judgement ) is a t errible t hing.) "Before t he Hour.'' Ot hers said t hat t his refers t o t he t error, fear, eart hquakes and chaos t hat will happen on t he Day of Resurrect ion, in t he arena (of Judgement ), aft er t he resurrect ion from t he graves. This was t he view favored by Ibn Jarir, who t ook t he following Hadit hs as evidence: Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Imran bin Husayn said t hat when t he Messenger of Allah was on one of his j ourneys and some of his Companions had fallen behind, he raised his voice and recit ed t hese t wo Ayat :

∀￢∇ヴ∠セ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや る∠ ャ∠ゴ∠ ∇ャコ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ べｚヨハ ∠ る∃ バ∠ ッ ͡ ∇ゲョ⊥ ぁモミ⊥ モ ⊥ ワ∠ ∇グゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ

ン∠ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇ヨェ ∠ モ ∃ ∇ヨェ ∠ れ ͡ や∠ク ぁモミ⊥ ノ⊥ ツ ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ろバ∠ ッ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ムジ ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ムシ ⊥ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや び ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠セ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (O mankind! Have Taqwa of your Lord! Verily, t he eart hquake of t he Hour is a t errible t hing. The Day you shall see it , every nursing mot her will forget her nursling, and every pregnant one will drop her load, and you shall see mankind as in a drunken st at e, yet t hey will not be drunken, but Allah's t orment is severe.) When his Companions heard t hat , t hey hast ened t o cat ch up wit h him, because t hey knew t hat he want ed t o say somet hing. When t hey reached him, he said:

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ⊥ キ∠ へ ン∠キゅ∠レΑ⊥ ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ポ ∠ や∠ク ∩∠ポや∠ク ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヵ ぁ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケ∇ギゎ∠ ぺ∠» ュ⊥ キ∠ へ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ｚモィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヮ͡ Α͡キゅ∠レΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩⊥ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ゑ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ ん∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ゑバ∠ ∇よや る∀ バ∠ ∇ジゎ͡ ヱ∠ る∃ も∠ ゅ͡ヨバ⊥ ∇ジゎ͡ ブ ∃ ∇ャぺ∠ あモミ⊥ ∇リョ͡ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨͡ケゅｚレャや «るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∀ギ͡ェや∠ヱ∠ヱ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ∇ジゎ͡ ヱ∠ (Do you know what Day t hat is That is t he Day when Adam will be called. His Lord will call him and will say: "O Adam, send fort h (t hose of your progeny) who are t o be sent t o t he Fire.'' He will say, "O Lord, how many are t o be sent t o t he Fire'' He will say, "From every t housand, nine hundred and ninet y-nine will be in t he Fire and one will be in Paradise.'') His Companions were filled wit h despair and st opped smiling. When he saw t hat , he said:

∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ザ ⊥ ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヲプ∠ ∩やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハや∠ヱ やヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇よぺ∠» ロ⊥ ゅ∠ゎゲ∠ んｚ ミ∠ ゅｚャま͡ テ ぁ ホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠わ∠ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ボ∠ Β͡ヤカ ∠ ノ∠ ヨ∠ ャ∠ ヶ͡レよ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ ヶ͡レよ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ヤ∠ワ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ァヲ⊥ィ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ァ ⊥ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほΑ∠ «ザΒ͡ヤ∇よま͡ (Be of good cheer and st rive hard, for by t he One in Whose Hand is t he soul of Muhammad, you will be count ed wit h t wo creat ions who are of immense numbers, Ya'j uj and Ma'j uj , and t hose who have already died of t he progeny of Adam and t he progeny of Iblis.) Then t hey felt happier, and he said:

ゅ∠ョ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ザ ⊥ ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヲプ∠ ∩やヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハや» ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ͡ゲΒ͡バ∠ら∇ャや ょ ͡ ∇レィ ∠ ヶ͡プ る͡ ョ∠ ゅｚゼャゅ∠ミ ゅｚャま͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ «るｚよやｚギャや ネ ͡ や∠ケク͡ ヶ͡プ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ホゲｚ ャや (St rive hard and be of good cheer, for by t he One in Whose Hand is t he soul of Muhammad, in comparison t o mankind you are like a mole on t he flank of a camel or a mark on t he foreleg of a beast .) This was also recorded by At -Tirmidhi and by An-Nasa'i in t he Book of Tafsir in t heir Sunans. At -Tirmidhi said, "It is Hasan Sahih.''

Another Version of this Hadith At -Tirmidhi recorded from ` Imran bin Husayn t hat when t he words,

び⊥ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ (O mankind! Have Taqwa of your Lord.) Unt il His saying,

び∀ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but Allah's t orment is severe.) were revealed, t he Prophet was on a j ourney, and he said:

.ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∨∠マャ͡ク∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヵ ぁ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケ∇ギゎ∠ ぺ∠» ∩͡ケゅｚレャや ゑ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ゑバ∠ ∇よや :ュ∠ キ∠ べ͡ャ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ る∃ も∠ ゅ͡ヨバ⊥ ∇ジゎ͡ :メ ∠ ゅホ ∨͡ケゅｚレャや ゑ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ «るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∀ギ͡ェや∠ヱ∠ヱ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ∇ジゎ͡ ヱ∠ る∀ バ∠ ∇ジゎ͡ ヱ∠ (Do you know what Day t hat is) They said, "Allah and His Messenger know best .'' (He said: That is t he Day on which Allah will say t o Adam, "Send fort h (t hose of your progeny) who are t o be sent t o t he Fire.'' He will say, "O Lord, how many are t o be sent t o t he Fire'' He will say, "From every t housand, nine hundred and ninet y-nine will be in t he Fire and one will be in Paradise.'') The Muslims st art ed t o weep, t hen t he Messenger of Allah said:

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚャま͡ テ ぁ ホ∠ ∀りｚヲら⊥ ル⊥ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ͡み∠プ ∩やヱ⊥キギあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ やヲ⊥よケ͡ ゅ∠ホ» リ ∠ ョ͡ キ⊥ ギ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや グ⊥ カ ∠ ∇ぽΒ⊥ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩∀るΒｚ ヤ͡ワ͡ ゅ∠ィ ゅ∠ヰ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡ボプ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ろヤ∠ヨあ ミ⊥ ゅｚャま͡ヱ∠ ∩∇ろヨｚ ゎ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩͡るΒｚ ヤ͡ワ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや ネ ͡ や∠ケク͡ ヶ͡プ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ホゲｚ ャや モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ユ͡ ョ∠ ほ⊥∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ «ゲΒ͡バら∠ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ∇レィ ∠ ヶ͡プ る͡ ョ∠ ゅｚゼャゅ∠ミ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩͡るよｚ やｚギャや (Be close in your rank and be st raight forward, for t here was never any Prophet but t here was a t ime of ignorance j ust before his advent , so t he number will be t aken from t hat t ime of ignorance, and if t hat is not enough, it will be made up from t he hypocrit es. A parable of yours in comparison t o t he ot her nat ions is t hat , you are like a mark on t he foreleg of an animal, or a mole on t he flank of a camel.) Then he said,

«るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ノ∠ よ⊥ ケ⊥ やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケほ∠ャ∠ ヶあルま͡» (I hope t hat you will be a quart er of t he people of Paradise.) They said, "Allahu Akbar!'' Then he said,

«るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ゑ ∠ ヤ⊥を⊥ やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケほ∠ヤΒ∠ Βあルま͡» (I hope t hat you will be a t hird of t he people of Paradise.) They said, "Allahu Akbar!'' Then he said,

«るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ダル͡ やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケほ∠ヤΒ∠ Βあルま͡» (I hope t hat you will be half of t he people of Paradise.) They said, "Allahu Akbar!'' Then he ぴt he narrat orび said, "I do not know if he said t wo-t hirds or not .'' This was also recorded by Imam Ahmad. Then At -Tirmidhi also said, "This is a Hasan Sahih Hadit h.'' In his Tafsir, under t his Ayah, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Sa` id said, "The Prophet said:

:メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ュキ∠ へ ゅ∠Α :る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡ :れ ∃ ∇ヲダ ∠ よ͡ ン∠キゅ∠レΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩∠マ∇Αギ∠ ∇バシ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βらｚ ャ∠ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔ん∇バよ∠ マ ∠ わ͡ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ∇リョ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ブ ∃ ∇ャぺ∠ あモミ⊥ ∇リョ͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨͡ケゅｚレャや ゑ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ

ノ⊥ ツ ∠ ゎ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ レ∠ Β͡エプ∠ ∩∠ラヲ⊥バ∇ジゎ͡ ヱ∠ る∀ バ∠ ∇ジゎ͡ ヱ∠ る∃ も∠ ゅ͡ヨバ⊥ ∇ジゎ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ロ⊥ や∠ケぺ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡ャヲ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ Β͡ゼΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇ヨェ ∠ モ ⊥ ョ͡ ゅ∠エ∇ャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ムジ ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ムシ ⊥ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ン∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ び∀ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ (On t he Day of Resurrect ion, Allah will say: "O Adam.'' He will say, "At Your service, O Lord.'' Then a voice will call out : "Allah commands you t o send fort h from your progeny t hose who are dest ined for t he Fire.'' He will say, "O Lord, who is dest ined for t he Fire'' He will say, "From every t housand'' -- I t hink he said -- "nine hundred and ninet y-nine.'' At t hat t ime every pregnant female will drop her load and children will t urn grey. (and you shall see mankind as in a drunken st at e, yet t hey will not be drunken, but Allah's t orment is severe.)) That will be so difficult for mankind t o bear t hat t heir faces will change. The Prophet said:

る∀ バ∠ ∇ジゎ͡ ヱ∠ る∃ も∠ ゅ͡ヨバ⊥ ∇ジゎ͡ ∠ァヲ⊥ィ∇ほ∠ョ∠ヱ ァ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほΑ∠ ∇リョ͡ » り͡ ゲ∠ ∇バゼ ｚ ャゅ∠ミ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∩∀ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∩∠ラヲ⊥バ∇ジゎ͡ ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇バゼ ｚ ャゅ∠ミ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩͡ヂΒ∠ ∇よほ∠∇ャや ケ͡ ∇ヲんｚ ャや ょ ͡ ∇レィ ∠ ヶ͡プ ￢͡ や∠キ∇ヲジ ｚ ャや ヲ⊥ィ∇ケほ∠ャ∠ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ ∩͡キヲ∠ ∇シほ∠∇ャや ケ͡ ∇ヲんｚ ャや ょ ͡ ∇レィ ∠ ヶ͡プ ￢͡ ゅ∠ツ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ゑ ∠ ヤ⊥を⊥ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ｚユを⊥ .ゅ∠ル∇ゲらｚ ム∠ プ∠ ∩ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ノ∠ よ⊥ ケ⊥ やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ゲ∠ ∇トセ ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ｚユを⊥ .ゅ∠ル∇ゲらｚ ム∠ プ∠ ∩ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ «ゅル∇ゲらｚ ム∠ プ∠ (Nine hundred and ninet y-nine from Ya'j uj and Ma'j uj , and one from you. Among mankind you are like a black hair on t he side of a whit e bull, or a whit e hair on t he side of a black bull. I hope t hat you will be one quart er of t he people of Paradise.) We said "Allahu Akbar!'' Then he said, (A t hird of t he people of Paradise.) We said, "Allahu Akbar!'' Then he said, (One half of t he people of Paradise.) We said: ` Allahu Akbar!'' Al-Bukhari also recorded t his elsewhere. It was also recorded by Muslim, and An-Nasa'i in his Tafsir. The Hadit hs and report s about t he t errors of t he Day of Resurrect ion are very many, and t his is not t he place t o quot e t hem all.

び∀ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや る∠ ャ∠ゴ∠ ∇ャコ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ

(Verily, t he eart hquake of t he Hour is a t errible t hing.) means, a serious mat t er, a t errifying crisis, a horrendous event . This eart hquake is what will happen t o people when t hey are filled wit h t error, as Allah says:

び や⇔ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ Ι ⇔ や∠ゴ∇ャコ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゴ͡ ∇ャコ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ ヤ͡わ⊥ ∇よや マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ ぴ (There, t he believers were t ried and shaken wit h a might y shaking.) ぴ33:11び. Then Allah says:

び∇ろバ∠ ッ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べｚヨハ ∠ る∃ バ∠ ッ ͡ ∇ゲョ⊥ ぁモミ⊥ モ ⊥ ワ∠ ∇グゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day you shall see it , every nursing mot her will forget her nursling,) means, she will be dist ract ed by t he horror of what she is seeing, which will make her forget t he one who is t he dearest of all t o her and t o whom she shows t he most compassion. Her shock will make her neglect her infant at t he very moment of breast feeding, Allah says,

び∃るバ∠ ッ ͡ ∇ゲョ⊥ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ (every nursing mot her), and He did not say a mot her who has an infant of breast feeding age.

び∇ろバ∠ ッ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べｚヨ∠ハぴ (her nursling) means, her nursing infant t hat has not yet been weaned.

びゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇ヨェ ∠ モ ∃ ∇ヨェ ∠ れ ͡ や∠ク ぁモミ⊥ ノ⊥ ツ ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and every pregnant one will drop her load,) means, before t he pre- gnancy has reached full t erm, because of t he int ensit y of t he horror.

びン∠ゲ⇒∠ムシ ⊥ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ン∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ (and you shall see mankind as in a drunken st at e,) means, because of t he severit y of t heir sit ua- t ion, when t hey will lose t heir minds, so t hat whoever sees t hem, will t hink, t hat t hey are drunk,

び∀ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ムジ ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (yet t hey will not be drunken, but Allah's t orment is severe.)

ノ⊥ ら͡ わｚ Α∠ ヱ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ͡プ メ ⊥ ギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠プ∠ ロ⊥ Ι ｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ - ギ∃ Αゲ͡ ョｚ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇Βセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ び ゲ͡ Β͡バジ ｚ ャや ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁヤツ ͡ Α⊥ (3. And among mankind is he who disput es about Allah, wit hout knowledge, and follows every rebellious Shayt an.) (4. For him (t he devil) it is decreed t hat whosoever follows him, he will mislead him, and will drive him t o t he t orment of t he Fire.)

Condemnation of the Followers of the Shaytan Allah condemns t hose who deny t he Resurrect ion and who deny t hat Allah is able t o rest ore life t o t he dead, t hose who t urn away from t hat which Allah has revealed t o His Prophet s and, in t heir views -- denial and disbelief -- follow every rebellious Shayt an among men and Jinn. This is t he st at e of t he followers of innovat ion and misguidance, who t urn away from t he t rut h and follow falsehood, following t he words of t he leaders of misguidance who call people t o follow innovat ion and t heir own desires and opinions. Allah says concerning t hem and t heir like,

び∃ユ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ͡プ メ ⊥ ギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And among mankind is he who disput es about Allah, wit hout knowledge,) meaning, wit hout sound knowledge.

び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ギ∃ Α͡ゲョｚ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇Βセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ノ⊥ ら͡ わｚ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and follows every rebellious Shayt an. For him it is decreed.) Muj ahid said, "This refers t o t hat Shayt an.'' meaning t hat is a mat t er writ t en in t he decree.

び⊥ロΙ ｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ぴ (t hat whosoever follows him,) and imit at es him,

び͡ゲΒ͡バジ ｚ ャや ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁヤツ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (he will mislead him, and will drive him t o t he t orment of t he Fire.) means, he will mislead him in t his world, and in t he Hereaft er he will drive him t o t he t orment of t he Fire, which is unbearably hot , painful and agonizing. As-Suddi report ed t hat Abu Malik said, "This Ayah was revealed about An-Nadr bin Al-Harit h. This was also t he view of Ibn Jurayj .

ゅｚルみ͡プ∠ ゑ ͡ ∇バら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ょ ∃ ∇Αケ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ∠Αぴ ｚユを⊥ る∃ ボ∠ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ｚユを⊥ る∃ ヘ∠ ∇トルぁ リ͡ョ ｚユを⊥ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲゎ⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゲぁ ボ͡ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βあら∠ レ⊥ ャあ る∃ ボ∠ ヤｚガ ∠ ョ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ ボ∠ ヤｚガ ∠ ョぁ る∃ ピ∠ ∇ツョぁ リ͡ョ ｚユを⊥ ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ゅ∠ョ ュ͡ ゅ∠ェ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リｚョ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ｚギセ ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ピヤ⊥∇らわ∠ ャ͡ ｚユを⊥ Κ ⇔ ∇ヘデ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガル⊥ Κ ∠ ∇Βム∠ ャ͡ ゲ͡ ヨ⊥ バ⊥ ∇ャや メ ͡ ク∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ぁキゲ∠ Α⊥ リｚョ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョヱ∠ ヴｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α⊥ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ワ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ン∠ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ∇ろわ∠ ら∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ろよ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇れゴｚ わ∠ ∇ワや ￢∠ べヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク - ア ∃ Β͡ヰよ∠ ァ ∃ ∇ヱコ∠ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ケ͡ ヲ⊥らボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ｚ る∀ Β∠ ゎ͡ や∠￢ び (5. O mankind! If you are in doubt about t he Resurrect ion, t hen verily, We have creat ed you from dust , t hen from a Nut fah, t hen from a clot t hen from a lit t le lump of flesh -- some formed and some unformed -- t hat We may make (it ) clear t o you. And We cause whom We will t o remain in t he wombs for an appoint ed t erm, t hen We bring you out as infant s, t hen (give you growt h) t hat you may reach your age of full st rengt h. And among you t here is he who dies (young), and among you t here is he who is brought back t o t he miserable old age, so t hat he knows not hing aft er having known. And you see t he eart h Hamidat an, but when We send down wat er on it , it is st irred (t o life), and it swells and put s fort h every lovely kind (of growt h).) (6. That is because Allah: He is t he Trut h, and it is He Who gives life t o t he dead, and it is He Who is able t o do all t hings.) v(7. And surely, t he Hour is coming, t here is no doubt about it ; and cert ainly, Allah will resurrect t hose who are in t he graves.)

Evidence of the Resurrection in the creation of Man and of Plants When Allah speaks of disbelief in t he Resurrect ion, He also ment ions t he evidence of His power and abilit y t o resurrect t hat is evident from t he way He init iat es creat ion. Allah says:

び͡ゑ∇バら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ょ ∃ ∇Αケ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ∠Αぴ (O mankind! If you are in doubt about t he Resurrect ion,) which means t he t ime when souls and bodies will be raised up on t he Day of Resurrect ion,

び∃ゆや∠ゲゎ⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚルみ͡プ∠ ぴ (t hen verily, We have creat ed you from dust ,) meaning, ` you were originally creat ed from dust ', which is what Adam, peace be upon him, was creat ed from.

び∃るヘ∠ ∇トルぁ リ͡ョ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen from a Nut fah,) ぴ32:8び meaning, t hen He made his offspring from semen of despised wat er.

The Development of the Nutfah and Embryo in the Womb

び∃るピ∠ ∇ツョぁ リ͡ョ ｚユを⊥ る∃ ボ∠ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen from a clot t hen from a lit t le lump of flesh) if t he Nut fah est ablishes it self in t he woman's womb, it st ays like t hat for fort y days, t hen more mat erial is added t o it and it changes int o a red clot , by t he leave of Allah, and it remains like t hat for fort y days. Then it changes and becomes a lump of flesh, like a piece of meat wit h no form or shape. Then it st art s t o t ake on a form and shape, developing a head, arms, chest , st omach, t highs, legs, feet and all it s members. Somet imes a woman miscarries before t he fet us is formed and somet imes she miscarries aft er it has formed. As Allah says:

び∃るボ∠ ヤｚガ ∠ ョ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ ボ∠ ヤｚガ ∠ ョぁ る∃ ピ∠ ∇ツョぁ リ͡ョ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen from a lit t le lump of flesh -- some formed and some unformed) meaning, as you see.

モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ゅ∠ョ ュ͡ ゅ∠ェ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゲぁ ボ͡ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βあ ら∠ レ⊥ ャあぴ びヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ (t hat We may make (it ) clear t o you. And We cause whom We will t o remain in t he wombs for an appoint ed t erm,) meaning t hat somet imes t he fet us remains in t he womb and is not miscarried.

び∃るボ∠ ヤｚガ ∠ ョ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ ボ∠ ヤｚガ ∠ ョぁ ぴ

(some formed and some unformed, ) Muj ahid said, "This means t he miscarried fet us, formed or unformed. When fort y days have passed of it being a lump of flesh, t hen Allah sends an angel t o it who breat hes t he soul int o it and forms it as Allah wills, handsome or ugly, male or female. He t hen writ es it s provision, it s allot t ed lengt h of life and whet her it is t o be one of t he blessed or t he wret ched.'' It was recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Ibn Mas` ud said, "The Messenger of Allah , who is t he t rue and t ruly inspired one, t old us:

リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヮ͡ ョあ ぺ⊥ リ ͡ ∇トよ∠ ヶ͡プ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ペ ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» る⇔ ピ∠ ∇ツョ⊥ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠マャ͡ク∠ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ る⇔ ボ∠ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩⇔るヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ノ͡ よ∠ ∇ケほ∠よ͡ ゲ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ぽΒ⊥ プ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ぶ ⊥ やゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠マャ͡ク∠ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヶ ｘ ボ͡ セ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮヤ͡ィ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ホ͡ ∇コケ͡ ょ ͡ ∇わム∠ よ͡ :れ ∃ ゅ∠ヨヤ͡ミ∠ «ゥヱぁゲャや ヮ͡ Β͡プ オ ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩∀ギΒ͡バシ ∠ (Every one of you is collect ed in t he womb of his mot her for t he first fort y days, and t hen he becomes a clot for anot her fort y days, and t hen a lump of flesh for anot her fort y days. Then Allah sends an angel t o writ e four words: He writ es his provision, his deeds, his life span, and whet her he will be blessed or wret ched. Then he blows t he soul int o him.)''

Man's Development from Infancy to Old Age His saying;

び⇔Κ∇ヘデ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガル⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen We bring you out as infant s,) means, weak in his body, hearing, sight , senses, st amina and mind. Then Allah gives him st rengt h, gradually and causes his parent s t o t reat him wit h t ender kindness night and day. Allah says:

び∇ユ⇒⊥ミｚギセ ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ピヤ⊥∇ら⇒∠わャ͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen (give you growt h) t hat you may reach your age of full st rengt h.) meaning, his st rengt h increases unt il he reaches t he vit alit y and handsomeness of yout h.

びヴｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α⊥ リｚョ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (And among you t here is he who dies,) means, when he is young and st rong.

び͡ゲヨ⊥ バ⊥ ∇ャや メ ͡ ク∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ぁキゲ∠ Α⊥ リｚョ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ

(and among you t here is he who is brought back t o t he miserable old age,) meaning advanced old age wit h it s weakness in mind and body, in st eady decline in comprehension, and disabilit y t o grasp. As Allah says:

び⇔ゅゃ∇Βセ ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Κ ∠ ∇Βム∠ ャ͡ぴ (so t hat he knows not hing aft er having known.)

ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ブ ∃ ∇バッ ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ る⇔ ら∠ ∇Βセ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ∇バッ ∠ り∃ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ り∃ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ブ ∃ ∇バッ ∠ び ゲ⊥ Α͡ギボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ (Allah is He Who creat ed you in (a st at e of) weakness, t hen gave you st rengt h aft er weakness, t hen aft er st rengt h gave (you) weakness and grey hair. He creat es what He wills. And it is He Who is t he All-Knowing, t he All-Powerful.) ぴ30:54び

Another Parable of the Resurrection from Plants

び⇔りギ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ワ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ン∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ (And you see t he eart h Hamidat an,) This is anot her sign of t he power of Allah t o bring t he dead back t o life, j ust as He brings t he dead, barren eart h back t o life, t he lifeless eart h in which not hing grows. Qat adah said, "(This means) t he eroded, dust y eart h.'' As-Suddi said, "Dead.''

∇ろわ∠ ら∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ろよ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇れゴｚ わ∠ ∇ワや ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ び∃アΒ͡ヰよ∠ ァ ∃ ∇ヱコ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ (but when We send down wat er on it , it is st irred (t o life), and it swells and put s fort h every lovely kind (of growt h).) When Allah sends t he rain upon it , it is st irred t o life, t hat is, veget at ion begins t o grow and it comes alive aft er it was dead. Then it rises aft er t he soil had set t led, t hen it put s fort h it s different kinds of fruit and crops wit h all t heir varied colours, t ast es, fragrances, shapes and benefit s. Allah says:

び∃アΒ͡ヰよ∠ ァ ∃ ∇ヱコ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ∇ろ∠わ∠らル∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (and put s fort h every lovely kind (of growt h).) meaning, beaut iful in appearance and wit h delight ful fragrances.

びぁペエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (That is because Allah: He is t he Trut h,) means, t he Creat or, t he Cont roller, t he One Who does as He wills.

びヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and it is He Who gives life t o t he dead,) means, j ust as He gives life t o t he dead eart h and brings fort h from it all t hese kinds of veget at ion.

あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び∀ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ (Verily, He Who gives it life, surely is able t o give life t o t he dead. Indeed He is able t o do all t hings.) ぴ41:39び

びラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ リ⊥ミ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, His command, when He int ends a t hing, is only t hat He says t o it , "Be!'' -- and it is!) ぴ36:82び.

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ｚ る∀ Β∠ ゎ͡ や∠￢ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And surely, t he Hour is coming, t here is no doubt about it ;) meaning, it will inevit ably come t o pass.

び͡ケヲ⊥らボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and cert ainly, Allah will resurrect t hose who are in t he graves.) means, He will bring t hem back t o life aft er t hey have become dust ; He will creat e t hem anew aft er t hey have become not hing.

ヴ ͡ エ⊥Α リ∠ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ ∠ジ ͡ ル∠ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ョケ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ユ∠ ⇒∠ヌバ͡ ∇ャや

ペ ∃ ∇ヤカ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ り∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ べ∠ワほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ゲ͡ ツ ∠ ∇カΙ ｘ や ゲ͡ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや - ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギホ͡ ヲ⊥ゎ ヮ∇レョあ ユ⊥わル∠ぺ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ (And he put s fort h for Us a parable, and forget s his own creat ion. He says: "Who will give life t o t hese bones aft er t hey are rot t en and have become dust '' Say: "He will give life t o t hem Who creat ed t hem for t he first t ime! And He is t he All-Knower of every creat ion!'' He Who produces for you fire out of t he green t ree, when behold you kindle t here- wit h.) ぴ36:78-80び. And t here are many similar Ayat .

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ͡プ メ ⊥ ギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱぴ び ゲ∃ Β͡レョぁ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ モ ｚツ ͡ Β⊥ ャ͡ ヮ͡ ヘ͡ ∇トハ ͡ ヴ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠を マ ∠ ャ͡ク -ペ ͡ Α͡ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ボ⊥ Α͡グル⊥ ヱ∠ ∀ン∇ゴ͡カ び-ギ͡ Β͡らバ∠ ヤ∂ャ ユ∃ ⇒ｚヤヌ ∠ よ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ポ ∠ や∠ギΑ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ (8. And among men is he who disput es about Allah, wit hout knowledge or guidance, or a Book giving light (from Allah).) (9. Bending his neck in pride, and leading (ot hers) t oo (far) ast ray from t he pat h of Allah. For him t here is disgrace in t his worldly life, and on t he Day of Resurrect ion We shall make him t ast e t he t orment of burning.) (10. That is because of what your hands have sent fort h, and verily, Allah is not unj ust t o servant s.)

Clarifying the State of the Leaders of the Innovators and Those Who lead People astray Allah has already t old us about t he ignorant imit at ors who are led ast ray:

ノ⊥ ら͡ わｚ Α∠ ヱ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ͡プ メ ⊥ ギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ び ギ∃ Α͡ゲョｚ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇Βセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ (And among mankind is he who disput es about Allah, wit hout knowledge, and follows every rebellious Shayt an.) And here He t ells us about t hose who call ot hers t o misguidance, t he leaders of disbelief and innovat ion:

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ͡プ メ ⊥ ギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱぴ び ゲ∃ Β͡レョぁ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ (And among men is he who disput es about Allah, wit hout knowledge or guidance, or a Book giving light (from Allah).) meaning, wit h no correct rat ional t hought , and no clear t ransmit t ed t ext ; what t hey say is based only on t heir opinions and whims. Allah's saying,

び͡ヮヘ͡ ∇トハ ͡ ヴ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠をぴ (Bending his neck in pride,) Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers said, "Too proud t o follow t he t rut h when he is called t o it .'' Muj ahid, Qat adah and Malik said, narrat ing from Zayd bin Aslam:

び͡ヮヘ͡ ∇トハ ͡ ヴ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠をぴ (Bending his neck in pride,) means, t wist ing his neck, i.e., t urning away from t he t rut h t o which he is called, bending his neck out of pride and arrogance. This is like t he Ayat :

リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤジ ⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇クま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮレ͡ ∇ミゲ⊥ よ͡ ヴｚャヲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ (And in Musa, when We sent him t o Fir` awn wit h a manifest aut horit y. But (Fir` awn) t urned away along wit h his host s) ぴ51:38-39び,

ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔キヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ マ ∠ レ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Α∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや (And when it is said t o t hem: "Come t o what Allah has sent down and t o t he Messenger,'' you see t he hypocrit es t urn away from you wit h aversion.) ぴ4:61び,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ユ⊥ワヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ シ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ∇や∇ヱヲｚ ャ∠ び

(And when it is said t o t hem: "Come, so t hat t he Messenger of Allah may ask forgiveness from Allah for you,'' t hey t wist t heir heads, and you would see t hem t urning away t heir faces in pride.) ぴ63:5び, And Luqman said t o his son:

び͡サゅｚレヤ͡ャ ポ ∠ ギｚ カ ∠ ∇ゲバあ ダ ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t urn not your face away from men wit h pride) ぴ31:18び meaning, do not t urn away from t hem in an arrogant manner. And Allah says:

び⇔やゲ͡ら∇ムわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヴｚャヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when Our verses are recit ed t o him, he t urns away in pride) ぴ31:7び.

び͡ヮヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ モ ｚツ ͡ Β⊥ ャ͡ぴ (and leading (ot hers) t oo (far) ast ray from t he pat h of Allah.) This eit her refers t o t hose who are st ubborn, or it means t hat t he person who does t his has been creat ed like t his so t hat he will be one of t hose who lead ot hers ast ray from t he pat h of Allah. Then Allah says:

び∀ン∇ゴカ ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (For him t here is disgrace in t his worldly life,) meaning, humiliat ion and shame, such as when he is t oo arrogant t o heed t he signs of Allah, so Allah will send humiliat ion upon him in t his world and will punish him in t his world, before he reaches t he Hereaft er, because t his world is all he cares about and all he knows.

∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ マ ∠ ャ͡グ͡ボΑ͡ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ボ⊥ Α͡グル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び∠ポや∠ギΑ∠ (and on t he Day of Resurrect ion We shall make him t ast e t he t orment of burning. That is because of what your hands have sent fort h,) means, t his will be said t o him by way of rebuke.

び͡ギΒ͡らバ∠ ∇ヤャあ ∃ユ⇒ｚヤ∠ヌ͡よ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and verily, Allah is not unj ust t o t he servant s.) This is like t he Ayah:

∇やヲぁらタ ⊥ ｚユを⊥ - ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ￢͡ へ∠ヲシ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ∇ハゅ∠プ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ぴ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚま͡ ∇ベク⊥ - ユ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ シ ͡ ∇ぺケ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ユ⊥ Α͡ゲム∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ((It will be said: ) "Seize him and drag him int o t he midst of blazing Fire, Then pour over his head t he t orment of boiling wat er. Tast e you (t his)! Verily, you were (pret ending t o be) t he might y, t he generous! Verily, t his is t hat whereof you used t o doubt !'') ぴ44:47-50び

∇ラみ͡プ∠ フ ∃ ∇ゲェ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ ょ ∠ ヤ∠ボ∠ ∇ルや る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ｚ ほ∠ヨ∠ ∇デや ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゲ∠ ジ ͡カ ∠ ヮ͡ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α - リ ⊥ Β͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ジガ ⊥ ∇ャや - ギ⊥ Β͡バら∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ⇒∠ヤツ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヮ⊥ バ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ロ⊥ ぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ ヴ∠ャ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ ヮ͡ バ͡ ∇ヘルｚ リ͡ョ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ロ⊥ ぁゲッ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α び ゲ⊥ Β͡ゼバ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ (11. And among mankind is he who worships Allah as it were upon t he edge: if good befalls him, he is cont ent t herewit h; but if a Fit nah st rikes him, he t urns back on his face. He loses bot h t his world and t he Hereaft er. That is t he evident loss.) (12. He calls besides Allah unt o t hat which can neit her harm him nor profit him. That is a st raying far away.) (13. He calls unt o him whose harm is nearer t han his profit ; cert ainly an evil Mawla and cert ainly an evil ` Ashir!)

The meaning of worshipping Allah as it were upon the edge Muj ahid, Qat adah and ot hers said:

び∃フ∇ゲェ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (upon t he edge) means, in doubt . Ot hers said t hat it meant on t he edge, such as on t he edge or side of a mount ain, i.e., (t his person) ent ers Islam on t he edge, and if he finds what he likes he will cont inue, ot herwise he will leave. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said:

び∃フ∇ゲェ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And among mankind is he who worships Allah as it were upon t he edge.) "People would come t o Al-Madinah ぴt o declare t heir Islamび and if t heir wives gave birt h t o sons and t heir mares gave birt h t o foals, t hey would say, ` This is a good religion,' but if t heir wives and t heir mares did not give birt h, t hey would say, ` This is a bad religion.''' Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "One of t hem would come t o Al-Madinah, which was a land t hat was infect ed wit h a cont agious disease. If he remained healt hy t here, and his mare foaled and his wife gave birt h t o a boy, he would be cont ent , and would say, ` I have not experienced anyt hing but good since I st art ed t o follow t his religion.''

び∀るレ∠ ∇わプ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (but if a Fit nah st rikes him), Fit nah here means afflict ion, i.e., if t he disease of Al-Madinah befalls him, and his wife gives birt h t o a babe girl and charit y is delayed in coming t o him, t he Shayt an comes t o him and says: ` By Allah, since you st art ed t o follow t his religion of yours, you have experienced not hing but bad t hings,' and t his is t he Fit nah.'' This was also ment ioned by Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Jurayj and ot hers among t he Salaf when explaining t his Ayah. Muj ahid said, concerning t he Ayah:

び͡ヮヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ょ ∠ ヤ∠ボ∠ ∇ルやぴ (he t urns back on his face.) "(This means), he becomes an apost at e and a disbeliever.''

び∠りゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゲ∠ ジ ͡カ ∠ぴ (He loses bot h t his world and t he Hereaft er.) means, he does not gain anyt hing in t his world. As for t he Hereaft er, he has disbelieved in Allah t he Almight y, so he will be ut t erly doomed and humiliat ed. So Allah says:

び⊥リΒ͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ジガ ⊥ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (That is t he evident loss.), i.e., t he great est loss and t he losing deal.

び⊥ヮバ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ロ⊥ ぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ゅョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ぴ (He calls besides Allah unt o t hat which can neit her harm him nor profit him.) means, t he idols, rivals, and false gods which he calls upon for help, support and provision -- t hey can neit her benefit him nor harm him.

び⊥ギΒ͡バら∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥Κ ∠ ｚツャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (That is a st raying far away.)

び͡ヮバ͡ ∇ヘルｚ リ͡ョ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ロ⊥ ぁゲッ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ぴ (He calls unt o him whose harm is nearer t han his profit ;) means, he is more likely t o harm him t han benefit him in t his world, and in t he Hereaft er he will most cert ainly cause him harm.

び⊥ゲΒ͡ゼバ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ャ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ぴ (cert ainly an evil Mawla and cert ainly an evil ` Ashir!) Muj ahid said, "This means t he idols.'' The meaning is: "How evil a friend is t his one upon whom he calls inst ead of Allah as a helper and support er.''

び⊥ゲΒ͡ゼバ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and cert ainly an evil ` Ashir!) means t he one wit h whom one mixes and spends one's t ime.

ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰわ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠レィ ∠ び ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ (14. Truly, Allah will admit t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds t o Gardens underneat h which rivers flow. Verily, Allah does what He wills.)

The Reward of the Righteous The ment ion of t he misguided who are doomed is followed by ment ion of t he right eous who are blessed. They are t hose who believe firmly in t heir heart s and confirm t heir fait h by t heir act ions, doing all kinds of right eous deeds and avoiding evil act ions. Because of t his, t hey will inherit dwellings in t he loft y ranks of t he gardens of Paradise. So Allah t ells us t hat He sends t hose ast ray and guides t hese, and says:

び⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah does what He wills.)

ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ ⊥ レ∠Α リｚャ ラ∠ぺ ぁリヌ ⊥ Α∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョぴ ∇ノト ∠ ∇ボΒ∠ ∇ャ ｚユを⊥ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ょ ∃ ら∠ ジ ∠ よ͡ ∇キギ⊥ ∇ヨΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ

マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ - ナ ⊥ Β͡ピΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇Βミ∠ リ ｚ ら∠ ワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇レΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ び ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠レΒあ よ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ (15. Whoever t hinks t hat Allah will not help him in t his world and in t he Hereaft er, let him st ret ch out a rope t o t he ceiling and let him st rangle himself. Then let him see whet her his plan will remove t hat whereat he rages!) (16. Thus have We sent it down as clear Ayat , and surely, Allah guides whom He wills.)

Allah will definitely help His Messenger Ibn ` Abbas said, "Whoever t hinks t hat Allah will not help Muhammad in t his world and t he Hereaft er, let him st ret ch out a rope

び͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (t o t he ceiling) t o t he ceiling in his house,

び∇ノト ∠ ∇ボΒ∠ ∇ャ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and let him st rangle himself.) let him hang himself wit h it .'' This was also t he view of Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, ` At a', Abu Al-Jawza', Qat adah and ot hers. The meaning is: whoever t hinks t hat Allah will not support Muhammad and His Book and His Religion, let him go and kill himself if it annoys him so much. For Allah will most cert ainly help and support him. Allah says:

り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠レャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ び ギ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇セΙ ｘ や ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや (Verily, We will indeed make vict orious Our Messengers and t hose who believe in t his world's life and on t he Day when t he wit nesses will st and fort h.) ぴ40:51び. Allah says here:

び⊥ナΒ͡ピΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇Βミ∠ リ ｚ ら∠ ワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇レΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ぴ (Then let him see whet her his plan will remove t hat whereat he rages!) As-Suddi said, "Meaning, in t he case of Muhammad '' ` At a' Al-Khurasani said, "Let him see whet her t hat will cure t he rage he feels in his heart .''

び⊥ヮ⇒∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (Thus have We sent it down) t he Qur'an.

び∀ろ⇒∠レΒあ よ∠ ∀ろ⇒∠Αや∠￢ぴ (as clear Ayat ,) clear in it s wording and it s meaning, evidence from Allah t o mankind.

び⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and surely, Allah guides whom He wills.) He sends ast ray whomsoever He wills and He guides whomsoever He wills, and He has complet e wisdom and definit ive proof in doing so.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ メ ⊥ ほ∠∇ジΑ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (He cannot be quest ioned about what He does, while t hey will be quest ioned.) ぴ21:23び. Because of His wisdom, mercy, j ust ice, knowledge, dominion and might , no one can overt urn His ruling, and He is swift in bringing t o account .

∠リΒ͡ゃ͡ら⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ サ ∠ ヲ⊥イヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚ ャや∠ヱ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒Β͡ボ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ⊥ダ ͡ ∇ヘΑ∠ び ∀ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ 17. Verily, t hose who believe, and t hose who are Jews, and t he Sabians, and t he Christ ians, and t he Maj us, and t hose who worship ot hers besides Allah; t ruly, Allah will j udge bet ween t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Verily, Allah is over all t hings a Wit ness.)

Allah will judge between the Sects on the Day of Resurrection Allah t ells us about t he followers of t hese various religions, t he believers (Muslims) and ot hers such as t he Jews and Sabians. We have already seen a definit ion of t hem in Surat Al-Baqarah and have not ed how people differ over who t hey are. There are also t he Christ ians, Maj us and ot hers who worship ot hers alongside Allah. Allah will

び͡るヨ∠ ⇒Β͡ボ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ⊥ダ ͡ ∇ヘΑ∠ ぴ (j udge bet ween t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion) wit h j ust ice; He will admit t hose who believed in Him t o Paradise and will send t hose who disbelieved in Him t o Hell, for He is a Wit ness over t heir deeds, and He knows all t hat t hey say and all t hat t hey do in secret , and conceal in t heir breast .

リ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ュ⊥ ヲ⊥イレぁ ャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ペ ｚェ ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ぁ へ∠ヱギｚ ャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ラ ｚ ま͡ ュ∃ ゲ͡ ∇ムョぁ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ͡ ヰ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ び ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや (18. See you not t hat whoever is in t he heavens and whoever is on t he eart h, and t he sun, and t he moon, and t he st ars, and t he mount ains, and t he t rees, and Ad-Dawabb, and many of mankind prost rat e t hemselves t o Allah. But t here are many (men) on whom t he punishment is j ust ified. And whomsoever Allah disgraces, none can honor him. Verily, Allah does what He wills.)

Everything prostrates to Allah Allah t ells us t hat He alone, wit h no part ner or associat e, is deserving of worship. Everyt hing prost rat es t o His might , willingly or unwillingly, and everyt hing prost rat es in a manner t hat befit s it s nat ure, as Allah says:

ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヤニ ͡ ほ⊥Βｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Β∠ ∇ヨャ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ や⇔ギイ ｚシ ⊥ モ ͡ も͡ べ∠ヨゼ ｚ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ (Have t hey not observed t hings t hat Allah has creat ed: (how) t heir shadows incline t o t he right and t o t he left , making prost rat ion unt o Allah, and t hey are lowly) ぴ16:48び. And Allah says here:

リ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び͡チ∇ケｘΙや ヴ͡プ (See you not t hat whoever is in t he heavens and whoever is on t he eart h prost rat e t hemselves t o Him) means, t he angels in t he regions of t he heavens, and all t he living creat ures, men, Jinn, animals and birds.

び͡ロギ∠ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (and t here is not a t hing but glorifies His praise) ぴ17:44び.

びュ∠ ヲ⊥イレぁ ャや∠ヱ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (and t he sun, and t he moon, and t he st ars,) These are ment ioned by name, because t hey are worshipped inst ead of Allah, so Allah explains t hat t hey t oo prost rat e t o t heir Creat or and t hat t hey are subj ect ed t o Him.

ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇シや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ヤ͡ャ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ びｚリヰ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや (Prost rat e yourselves not t o t he sun nor t o t he moon, but prost rat e yourselves t o Allah Who creat ed t hem) ぴ41:37び. In t he Two Sahihs it was recorded t hat Abu Dharr said, "The Messenger of Allah said t o me,

«∨⊥ザ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ょ ⊥ ワ∠ ∇グゎ∠ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ヵ͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ぺ∠» (Do you know where t his sun goes) I said, ` Allah and His Messenger know best .' He said,

ゲ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ほわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡ス∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ギ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ジわ∠ プ∠ ょ ⊥ ワ∠ ∇グゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ み͡プ∠ » «ろ∇ゃィ ͡ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヶ͡バィ ͡ ∇ケや :ゅ∠ヰャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ マ ⊥セ ͡ ヲ⊥Βプ∠ (It goes (set s) and prost rat es beneat h t he Throne, t hen it await s t he command. Soon it will be t old, "Go back t he way whence you came.'')'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "A man came and said, ` O Messenger of Allah, I saw myself in a dream last night , as if I was praying behind a t ree. I prost rat ed, and t he t ree prost rat ed when I did, and I heard it saying, "O Allah, writ e down a reward for me for t hat , and remove a sin from me for t hat , st ore it wit h You for me and accept it from me as You accept ed from Your servant Dawud.''' Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah recit ed an Ayah ment ioning a prost rat ion, t hen he prost rat ed, and I heard him saying t he same words t hat t he man had t old him t he t ree said.'' This was recorded by At -Tirmidhi, Ibn Maj ah, and Ibn Hibban in his Sahih.

びあゆへ∠ヱギｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (Ad-Dawabb) means all t he animals. It was report ed in a Hadit h recorded by Imam Ahmad t hat t he Messenger of Allah forbade using t he backs of animals as plat forms for speaking, for, perhaps t he one who was being ridden was bet t er and remembered Allah more t han t he one who was riding.

び͡サゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and many of mankind) means, t hey prost rat e willingly, submit t ing t hemselves t o Allah of t heir own free will.

び⊥ゆや∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ｚェ ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (But t here are many (men) on whom t he punishment is j ust ified.) means, t hose who refuse prost rat ion, are st ubborn and arrogant .

ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ュ∃ ゲ͡ ∇ムョぁ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ͡ ヰ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ (And whomsoever Allah disgraces, none can honor him. Verily, Allah does what He wills.) It was recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

∩ヶ͡ム∇らΑ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ わ∠ ∇ハや り∠ ギ∠ ∇イジ ｚ ャや ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ⊥ ∇よや ぺ∠ゲ∠ ホ∠ や∠クま͡» ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ギ∠ イ ∠ジ ∠ プ∠ キ͡ ヲ⊥イジ ぁ ャゅ͡よ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ⊥ ∇よや ゲ∠ ョ͡ ぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇Αヱ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ «ケゅｚレャや ヶ ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βよ∠ ほ∠プ∠ キ͡ ヲ⊥イジ ぁ ャゅ͡よ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩⊥るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや (When t he son of Adam recit es t he Ayat cont aining t he prost rat ion, t he Shayt an wit hdraws weeping and says, "Ah! Woe (t o me)! t he son of Adam was commanded t o prost rat e and he prost rat ed, so Paradise is his; I was commanded t o prost rat e and I refused, so I am doomed t o Hell.'') This was recorded by Muslim. In his book Al-Marasil, Abu Dawud recorded t hat Khalid bin Ma` dan, may Allah have mercy upon him, report ed t hat Allah's Messenger said,

ラ ͡ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ͡ も͡ ゅ∠シ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ア あエ ∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥シ ∇ろヤ∠ツ あ プ⊥ » «リ∇Βゎ∠ ギ∠ ∇イジ ∠ よ͡ (Surat Al-Haj j has been favored over t he rest of t he Qur'an wit h t wo prost rat ions.'') Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Isma` ili recorded from Abu Al-Jahm t hat ` Umar did t he t wo prost rat ions of ぴSurat び Al-Haj j when he was in Al-Jabiyah, and he said, "This Surah has been favored wit h t wo prost rat ions.''

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠プ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヨダ ∠ わ∠ ∇カや ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ダカ ∠ ラ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ ベ ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョ ぁょダ ∠ Α⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚル リあョ ∀ゆゅ∠Β͡を ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろバ∠ ト あ ホ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゲ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ダΑ⊥ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ シ ͡ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠ケぺ∠ べ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ - ギ∃ Α͡ギェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ノ⊥ ョ͡ ゅ∠ボョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ - キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤイ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ

∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥クヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギΒ͡ハぺ⊥ ユｙ ビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ びペ ͡ Α͡ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ (19. These t wo opponent s disput e wit h each ot her about t heir Lord; t hen as for t hose who disbelieved, garment s of fire will be cut out for t hem, boiling wat er will be poured down over t heir heads.) (20. Wit h it will melt (or vanish away) what is wit hin t heir bellies, as well as (t heir) skins.) (21. And for t hem are hooked rods of iron.) (22. Every t ime t hey seek t o get away t herefrom, from anguish, t hey will be driven back t herein, and (it will be) said t o t hem: "Tast e t he t orment of burning!'')

The Reason for Revelation It was recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Abu Dharr swore t hat t his Ayah --

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヨダ ∠ わ∠ ∇カや ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ダカ ∠ ラ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (These t wo opponent s disput e wit h each ot her about t heir Lord;) was revealed concerning Hamzah and his t wo companions, and ` Ut bah and his t wo companions, on t he day of Badr when t hey came forward t o engage in single combat . This is t he wording of Al-Bukhari in his Tafsir of t his Ayah. Then Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Ali bin Abi Talib said, "I will be t he first one t o kneel down before t he Most Merciful so t hat t he disput e may be set t led on t he Day of Resurrect ion.'' Qays (sub-narrat or) said, "Concerning t hem t he Ayah was revealed:

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヨダ ∠ わ∠ ∇カや ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ダカ ∠ ラ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (These t wo opponent s disput e wit h each ot her about t heir Lord;) He (Qays) said, "They are t he ones who came forward (for single combat ) on t he day of Badr: ` Ali, Hamzah and ` Ubaydah vs., Shaybah bin Rabi` ah, ` Ut bah bin Rabi` ah and Al-Walid bin ` Ut bah.'' This was report ed only by Al-Bukhari. Ibn Abi Naj ih report ed t hat Muj ahid comment ed on t his Ayah, "Such as t he disbeliever and t he believer disput ing about t he Resurrect ion.'' According t o one report Muj ahid and ` At a' comment ed on t his Ayah, "This refers t o t he believers and t he disbelievers.'' The view of Muj ahid and ` At a' t hat t his refers t o t he disbelievers and t he believers, includes all opinions, t he st ory of Badr as well as t he ot hers. For t he believers want t o support t he religion of Allah, while t he disbelievers want t o ext inguish t he light of fait h and t o defeat t he t rut h and cause falsehood t o prevail. This was t he view favored by Ibn Jarir, and it is good.

The Punishment of the Disbelievers

び͡ケゅｚル リあョ ∀ゆゅ∠Β͡を ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろバ∠ ト あ ホ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Αグ͡ ャｚゅ∠プぴ

(t hen as for t hose who disbelieved, garment s of fire will be cut out for t hem,) meaning, pieces of fire will be prepared for t hem. Sa` id bin Jubayr said: "Of copper, for it is t he hot t est of t hings when it is heat ed.'' n

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠プ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヨダ ∠ わ∠ ∇カや ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ダカ ∠ ラ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ ベ ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョ ぁょダ ∠ Α⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚル リあョ ∀ゆゅ∠Β͡を ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろバ∠ ト あ ホ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゲ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ダΑ⊥ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ シ ͡ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ び キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤイ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ (boiling wat er will be poured down over t heir heads. Wit h it will melt (or vanish away) what is wit hin t heir bellies, as well as (t heir) skins.) meaning, when t he boiling wat er --which is wat er t hat has been heat ed t o t he ult imat e degree- is poured down over t heir heads. Ibn Jarir recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Prophet said:

グ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ シ ͡ ヱ⊥ぼケ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ょ ぁ ダ ∠ Β⊥ ャ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ろ ∠ ヤ⊥∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ヮプ͡ ∇ヲィ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゾ ∠ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ イ ⊥ ∇ヨイ ⊥ ∇ャや キ⊥ ゅ∠バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥ゲ∇ヰダ あ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βョ∠ ギ∠ ホ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ͡ プ͡ ∇ヲィ ∠ «ラゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ (The boiling wat er will be poured over t heir heads and will penet rat e t heir skulls unt il it reaches what is inside, and what is inside will melt unt il it reaches t heir feet . This is t he melt ing, t hen he will be rest ored t o t he st at e he was before.) It was also recorded by At Tirmidhi, who said it is Hasan Sahih. This was also recorded by Ibn Abi Hat im, who t hen recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin As-Sariy said, "The angel will come t o him, carrying t he vessel wit h a pair of t ongs because of it s heat . When he brings it near t o his face, he will shy away from it . He will raise a hammer t hat he is carrying and will st rike his head wit h it , and his brains will spill out , t hen he will pour t he brains back int o his head. This is what Allah says in t he Ayah:

び キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤイ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゲ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ダΑ⊥ ぴ (Wit h it will melt what is wit hin t heir bellies, as well as (t heir) skins.)''

び ギ∃ Α͡ギェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ノ⊥ ョ͡ ゅ∠ボョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And for t hem are hooked rods of iron.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "They will be st ruck wit h t hem, and wit h each blow, a limb will be severed, and t hey will cry out for oblivion.''

∇やヱ⊥ギΒ͡ハぺ⊥ ユｙ ビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠ケぺ∠ べ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (Every t ime t hey seek t o get away t herefrom, from anguish, t hey will be driven back t herein,) Al-A` mash report ed from Abu Zibiyan t hat Salman said, "The fire of Hell is black and dark; it s flames and coals do not glow or shine.'' Then he recit ed:

∇やヱ⊥ギΒ͡ハぺ⊥ ユｙ ビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠ケぺ∠ べ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (Every t ime t hey seek t o get away t herefrom, from anguish, t hey will be driven back t herein,)

び͡ペΑ͡ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥クヱ∠ ぴ ("Tast e t he t orment of burning!'') This is like t he Ayah:

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヵ͡グャｚや ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥ク ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥よあグム∠ ゎ⊥ (and it will be said t o t hem: "Tast e you t he t orment of t he Fire which you used t o deny.'') ぴ32:20び. The meaning is t hat t hey will be humiliat ed by words and act ions.

ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヤｚエ ∠ Α⊥ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ - ∀ゲΑ͡ゲ∠ェ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ シ ⊥ ゅ∠らャ͡ヱ∠ や⇔ぽ⊥ャ∇ぽャ⊥ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ワ∠ ク∠ リ͡ョ ケ∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠シぺ∠ ヅ ͡ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ょ ͡ Βあ ト ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ び ギ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや (23. Truly, Allah will admit t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, t o Gardens underneat h which rivers flow (in Paradise), wherein t hey will be adorned wit h bracelet s of gold and pearls and t heir garment s t herein will be of silk.) (24. And t hey are guided unt o goodly speech and t hey are guided t o t he pat h of Him, Who is Wort hy of all praises.)

The Reward of the Believers When Allah t ells us about t he st at e of t he people of Hell -- we seek refuge wit h Allah from t hat st at e of punishment , vengeance, burning and chains -- and t he garment s of fire t hat have been prepared for t hem, He t hen t ells us about t he st at e of t he people of Paradise -- we ask Allah by His grace and kindness t o admit us t herein. He t ells us:

ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び⊥ゲ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠レィ ∠ (Truly, Allah will admit t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, t o Gardens underneat h which rivers flow,) means, t hese rivers flow t hroughout it s regions, beneat h it s t rees and palaces, and it s inhabit ant s direct t hem t o go wherever t hey want .

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヤｚエ ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (wherein t hey will be adorned) -- wit h j ewelry --

び⇔やぽ⊥ャ∇ぽャ⊥ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ワ∠ ク∠ リ͡ョ ケ∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠シぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぴ (wit h bracelet s of gold and pearls) means, on t heir arms, as t he Prophet said in t he agreedupon Hadit h:

«￢ヲ⊥ッヲ∠ ∇ャや ヒ⊥ ヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ る⊥ Β∠ ∇ヤエ ͡ ∇ャや ヒ⊥ ヤ⊥∇らゎ∠ » (The j ewelry of t he believer ぴin Paradiseび will reach as far as his Wudu' reached.)

び∀ゲΑ͡ゲェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ シ ⊥ ゅ∠らャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t heir garment s t herein will be of silk. ) in cont rast t o t he garment s of fire worn by t he inhabit ant s of Hell, t he people of Paradise will have garment s of silk, Sundus and Ist abraq fine green silk and gold embroidery, as Allah says:

∇やヲぁヤェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ベ ∀ ゲ∠ ∇らわ∠ ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇ツカ ⊥ サ ∃ ギ⊥ レ⊥シ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠Βを͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ハぴ - や⇔ケヲ⊥ヰデ ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ゲセ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ボシ ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ ツ ｚ プ͡ リ͡ョ ケ∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠シぺ∠ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ム∇ゼョｚ ユ⊥ムΒ⊥ ∇バシ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡

(Their garment s will be of green Sundus, and Ist abraq. They will be adorned wit h bracelet s of silver, and t heir Lord will give t hem a pure drink. (And it will be said t o t hem): "Verily, t his is a reward for you, and your endeavor has been accept ed.'') ぴ76:21-22び. In t he Sahih, it says:

ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ァ ∠ ゅ∠らΑあギャや ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゲ∠ Α͡ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや やヲ⊥ジら∠ ∇ヤゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «り∠ゲカ ͡ べ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ∇ジら∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ら͡ ャ∠ ∇リョ∠ (Do not wear fine silk or gold embroidery in t his world, for whoever wears t hem in t his world, will not wear t hem in t he Hereaft er.) ` Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr said, "Those who do not wear silk in t he Hereaft er are t hose who will not ent er Paradise. Allah says:

び∀ゲΑ͡ゲェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ シ ⊥ ゅ∠らャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t heir garment s t herein will be of silk)''

び͡メ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ょ ͡ Βあ ト ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey are guided unt o goodly speech.) This is like t he Ayat :

ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ∠カ ͡ ∇キぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΕ ∠ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ び ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ｚΒエ ͡ ゎ∠ (And t hose who believed and did right eous deeds, will be made t o ent er Gardens under which rivers flow -- t o dwell t herein forever, wit h t he permission of t heir Lord. Their greet ing t herein will be: "Salam (peace!)'') ぴ14:23び

∇ユヰ͡ も͡ ゅ∠よや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ウ ∠ ヤ∠タ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ラ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ぴ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゅｚΑケあ ク⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ら∇ボハ ⊥ ユ∠ ∇バレ͡ プ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ -ゆ ∃ ゅ∠よ あモミ⊥ び ケ͡ やｚギャや (And angels shall ent er unt o t hem from every gat e (saying): "Salamun ` Alaykum (peace be upon you!)'', for you persevered in pat ience! Excellent indeed is t he final home!'') ぴ13:23-24び,

ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡ホ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡を∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ヲ∇ピャ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ (No evil vain t alk will t hey hear t herein, nor any sinful speech. But only t he saying of, "Peace! Peace! (Salaman! Salaman!).'') ぴ56:25-26び They will be guided t o a place in which t hey will hear good speech.

び⇔ゅヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ Βｚ エ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ∇ヲボｚ ヤ∠Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (Therein t hey shall be met wit h greet ings and t he word of peace and respect .) ぴ25:75び, unlike t he scorn which will be heaped upon t he people of Hell by way of rebuke, when t hey are t old:

び͡ペΑ͡ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥クぴ (` Tast e t he t orment of burning!'')

び͡ギΒ͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヅ ͡ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey are guided t o t he pat h of Him Who is Wort hy of all praises. ) t o a place in which t hey will give praise t o t heir Lord for all His kindness, blessings and favors t owards t hem, as it says in t he Sahih Hadit h:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヰ∠ ∇ヤΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ギ∠ Β͡ヨ∇エわｚ ャや∠ヱ ウ ∠ Β͡ら∇ジわｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヰ∠ ∇ヤΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡» «ザ∠ヘレｚ ャや (They will be inspired wit h words of glorificat ion and praise, j ust as t hey are inspired wit h breat h.) Some scholars of Tafsir said t hat t he Ayah,

び͡メ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ょ ͡ Βあ ト ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey are guided unt o goodly speech) refers t o t he Qur'an; and it was said t hat it means La ilaha illallah or words of remembrance prescribed in Islam. And t he Ayah:

び͡ギΒ͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヅ ͡ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey are guided t o t he pat h of Him Who is Wort hy of all praises.) means, t he st raight pat h in t his world. These int erpret at ions do not cont radict t hat ment ioned above. And Allah knows best .

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ￢⇔ へ∠ヲシ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユ∃ ∇ヤヌ ⊥ よ͡ キ∃ ゅ∠エ∇ャみ͡よ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠ら∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ブ ⊥ ム͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや び ユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇ホグ͡ ぁル (25. Verily, t hose who disbelieved and hinder (men) from t he pat h of Allah, and from Al-Masj id Al-Haram which We have made (open) t o (all) men, t he dweller in it and t he visit or from t he count ry are equal t here, and whoever inclines t o evil act ions t herein or t o do wrong, him We shall cause t o t ast e from a painful t orment .)

A Warning to Those Who hinder Others from the Path of Allah and from Al-Masjid Al-Haram and Who seek to do Evil Actions therein Allah rebukes t he disbelievers for prevent ing t he believers from coming t o Al-Masj id Al-Haram and performing t heir rit es and rit uals t here, claiming t hat t hey were it s guardians,

び∠ラヲ⊥ボｚわヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ロ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey are not it s guardians. None can be it s guardians except t hose who have Taqwa) ぴ8:34び. In t his Ayah t here is proof t hat it was revealed in Al-Madinah, as Allah says in Surat AlBaqarah:

∀メゅ∠わ͡ホ ∇モホ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ メ ∃ ゅ∠わホ͡ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇ヰゼ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Αぴ ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∀ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ギｘ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ び͡ヮヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ァ ⊥ や∠ゲ∇カま͡ヱ∠ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや (They ask you concerning fight ing in t he Sacred Mont hs. Say, "Fight ing t herein is a great (t ransgression) but a great er (t ransgression) wit h Allah is t o prevent mankind from following t he way of Allah, t o disbelieve in Him, t o prevent access t o Al-Masj id Al-Haram, and t o drive out it s inhabit ant s) ぴ2:217び And Allah says here:

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び͡ュや∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ

(Verily, t hose who disbelieved and hinder (men) from t he pat h of Allah, and from Al-Masj id AlHaram) meaning, not only are t hey disbelievers, but t hey also hinder people from t he pat h of Allah and from Al-Masj id Al-Haram. They prevent t he believers who want t o go t here from reaching it , alt hough t he believers have more right t han anyone else t o go t here. The st ruct ure of t his phrase is like t hat t o be found in t he Ayah:

Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミグ͡ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ ぁ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ びゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ぁ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミグ͡ よ͡ (Those who believed, and whose heart s find rest in t he remembrance of Allah, verily, in t he remembrance of Allah do heart s find rest .) ぴ13:28び Not only are t hey believers, but t heir heart s also find rest in t he remembrance of Allah.

The Issue of renting Houses in Makkah

び͡キゅ∠ら∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ブ ⊥ ム͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや ￢⇔ へ∠ヲシ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (which We have made (open) t o (all) men, t he dweller in it and t he visit or from t he count ry are equal t here) meaning t hat t hey prevent people from reaching Al-Masj id Al-Haram, which Allah has made equally accessible t o all in Shari` ah, wit h no different iat ion bet ween t hose who live t here and t hose who live far away from it .

び͡キゅ∠ら∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ブ ⊥ ム͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや ￢⇔ へ∠ヲシ ∠ぴ (t he dweller in it and t he visit or from t he count ry are equal t here,) Part of t his equalit y is t hat everyone has equal access t o all part s of t he cit y and can live t here, as ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas concerning t he Ayah:

び͡キゅ∠ら∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ブ ⊥ ム͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや ￢⇔ へ∠ヲシ ∠ぴ (t he dweller in it and t he visit or from t he count ry are equal t here,) He ぴIbn ` Abbasび said: "Bot h t he people of Makkah and ot hers can st ay in Al-Masj id Al-Haram.''

び͡キゅ∠ら∇ャやヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ブ ⊥ ム͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや ￢⇔ へ∠ヲシ ∠ぴ (t he dweller in it and t he visit or from t he count ry are equal t here,) Muj ahid said, "The people of Makkah and ot hers are equally allowed t o st ay t here.'' This was also t he view of Abu Salih, ` Abdur-Rahman bin Sabit and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam. ` Abdur-Razzaq narrat ed from Ma` mar, from Qat adah who said: "It s own people and ot hers are equal t herein.'' This is t he issue about which Ash-Shafi` i and Ishaq bin Rahwayh differed in t he Masj id of Al-Khayf, when Ahmad bin Hanbal was also present . Ash-Shafi` i was of t he opinion t hat t he various part s of Makkah can be owned, inherit ed and rent ed, and he used as evidence t he Hadit h of Usamah

bin Zayd who said, "I said, O Messenger of Allah, will you go and st ay t omorrow in your house in Makkah'' He said,

«∨∃ネゅ∠よケ͡ ∇リョ͡ ∀モΒ͡ボ∠ハ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ ヱ∠ » (Has ` Aqil left us any propert y) Then he said,

«ゲ͡プゅ∠ム∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ プ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや ゐ ⊥ ゲ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ» (A disbeliever does not inherit from a Muslim and a Muslim does not inherit from a disbeliever.) This Hadit h was recorded in t he Two Sahihs. He also used as evidence t he report t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab bought a house in Makkah from Safwan bin Umayyah for four t housand Dinars, and made it int o a prison. This was also t he view of Tawus and ` Amr bin Dinar. Ishaq bin Rahwayh was of t he opinion t hat t hey (houses in Makkah) could not be inherit ed or rent ed. This was t he view of a number of t he Salaf, and Muj ahid and ` At a' said likewise. Ishaq bin Rahwayh used as evidence t he report recorded by Ibn Maj ah from ` Alqamah bin Nadlah who said, "The Messenger of Allah , Abu Bakr and ` Umar died, and nobody claimed any propert y in Makkah except t he grazing animals. Whoever needed t o live t here would t ake up residence t here, and whoever did not need t o live t here would let ot hers t ake up residence t here.'' ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said, "It is not allowed t o sell or rent t he houses of Makkah.'' He also said, narrat ing from Ibn Jurayj : "` At a' would not allow people t o charge rent in t he Haram, and he t old me t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab did not allow people t o put gat es on t he houses of Makkah because t he pilgrims used t o st ay in t heir court yards. The first person t o put a gat e on his house was Suhayl bin ` Amr. ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab sent for him about t hat and he said, ` List en t o me, O Commander of t he fait hful, I am a man who engages in t rade and I want t o prot ect my back.' He said, ` Then you may do t hat .''' ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded from Muj ahid t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said, "O people of Makkah, do not put gat es on your houses, and let t he bedouins st ay wherever t hey want .'' He said: Ma` mar t old us, narrat ing from someone who heard ` At a' say about t he Ayah, x

び͡キゅ∠ら∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ブ ⊥ ム͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや ￢⇔ へ∠ヲシ ∠ぴ (t he dweller in it and t he visit or from t he count ry are equal t here, ) "They may st ay wherever t hey want .'' Ad-Daraqut ni recorded a saying report ed from ` Abdullah bin ` Amr: "Whoever charges rent for t he houses of Makkah, consumes fire.'' Imam Ahmad t ook a middle pat h, according t o what his son Salih narrat ed from him, and he said, "They may be owned and inherit ed, but t hey should not be rent ed, so as t o reconcile bet ween all t he proofs.'' And Allah knows best .

A Warning to Those Who want to commit Evil Actions in the Haram

び∃ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇ホグ͡ ぁル ユ∃ ∇ヤヌ ⊥ よ͡ キ∃ ゅ∠エ∇ャみ͡よ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and whoever inclines t o evil act ions t herein or t o do wrong, him We shall cause t o t ast e from a painful t orment .)

び∃ユ∇ヤヌ ⊥ よ͡ ぴ (or t o do wrong,) means, he aims deliberat ely t o do wrong, and it is not t he mat t er of misunderst anding. As Ibn Jurayj said narrat ing from Ibn ` Abbas, "This means someone whose act ions are int ent ional.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The evil act ion of Shirk.'' Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "The evil act ion is allowing in t he Haram what Allah has forbidden, such as mist reat ing and killing, whereby you do wrong t o t hose who have done you no wrong and you kill t hose who have not fought you. If a person does t his, t hen he deserves t o suffer a painful t orment .''

び∃ユ∇ヤヌ ⊥ よ͡ ぴ (or t o do wrong,) Muj ahid said, "To do some bad act ion t herein. This is one of t he unique feat ures of Al-Haram, t hat t he person who is about t o do some evil act ion should be punished if t his is his int ent ion, even if he has not yet commenced t he act ion.'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded in his Tafsir t hat ` Abdullah (i.e., Ibn Mas` ud) comment ed about t he Ayah,

び∃ユ∇ヤヌ ⊥ よ͡ キ∃ ゅ∠エ∇ャみ͡よ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and whoever inclines t o evil act ions t herein or t o do wrong,) "If a man int ends t o do some evil act ion t herein, Allah will make him t ast e a painful t orment .'' This was also recorded by Ahmad. I say, ぴit sび chain is Sahih according t o t he condit ions of Al-Bukhari, and it is more likely Mawquf t han Marfu` . And Allah knows best . Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "Insult ing a servant and anyt hing more t han t hat is (count ed as) wrongdoing.'' Habib bin Abi Thabit said:

び∃ユ∇ヤヌ ⊥ よ͡ キ∃ ゅ∠エ∇ャみ͡よ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and whoever inclines t o evil act ions t herein or t o do wrong,) "Hoarding (goods) in Makkah.'' This was also t he view of ot hers.

び∃ユ∇ヤヌ ⊥ よ͡ キ∃ ゅ∠エ∇ャみ͡よ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and whoever inclines t o evil act ions t herein or t o do wrong,) Ibn ` Abbas said, "This was revealed about ` Abdullah bin Unays. The Messenger of Allah sent him wit h t wo men, one of whom was a Muhaj ir and t he ot her from among t he Ansar. They began t o boast about t heir lineages and ` Abdullah bin Unays got angry and killed t he Ansari. Then he revert ed from Islam (became an apost at e) and fled t o Makkah. Then t hese words were revealed concerning him:

び∃ユ∇ヤヌ ⊥ よ͡ キ∃ ゅ∠エ∇ャみ͡よ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and whoever inclines t o evil act ions t herein or t o do wrong,) meaning, whoever flees t o AlHaram t o do evil act ions, i.e., by leaving Islam.'' These report s indicat e some meanings of t he phrase "evil act ions'', but t he meaning is more general t han t hat and includes t hings which are more serious. Hence when t he owners of t he Elephant planned t o dest roy t he House (t he Ka` bah), Allah sent against t hem birds in flocks,

ブ ∃ ∇ダバ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ - モ ∃ Βあイシ ͡ リあョ り∃ ケ∠ ゅ∠イエ ͡ よ͡ ユ͡ヰΒ͡ョ∇ゲゎ∠ ぴ びメ ͡ ヲ⊥ミ∇ほョｚ (St riking t hem wit h st ones of Sij j il. And He made t hem like (an empt y field of) st alks (of which t he corn has been eat en up by cat t le).) ぴ105:4-5び. means He dest royed t hem and made t hem a lesson and a warning for everyone who int ends t o commit evil act ions t here. Hence it was report ed in a Hadit h t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

￢∠ や∠ギ∇Βら∠ よ͡ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∀ズ∇Β∠ィ ろ ∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや や∠グワ∠ ヱ⊥ゴ∇ピΑ∠ » «ユ͡ワゲ͡ カ ͡ へ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヱｚ ほ∠よ͡ ブ ∠ ジ ͡カ ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ (This House will be at t acked by an army, t hen when t hey are in a wide open space, t he first of t hem and t he last of t hem will be swallowed up by t he eart h.)

ヴ͡よ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺ ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よΗ ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ぺヲｚ よ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ノ͡ ミｚ ゲぁ ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ヨも͡ べ∠ボ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ヘも͡ べｚトヤ͡ャ ヴ ∠ わ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ゲヰあ デ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ィケ͡ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ア あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ラあクぺ∠ヱ∠ - キ͡ ヲ⊥イジ ぁ ャや びペ ∃ Β͡ ヨ∠ハ ア ｙ プ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ゲ∃ ョ͡ ゅ∠ッ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ (26. And (remember) when We showed Ibrahim t he sit e of t he House (saying): "Associat e not anyt hing wit h Me, and sanct ify My House for t hose who circumambulat e it , and t hose who st and up (for prayer), and t hose who bow and make prost rat ion (in prayer);'') (27. And proclaim t o mankind t he Haj j (pilgrimage). They will come t o you on foot and on every lean camel, t hey will come from every Faj j ` Amiq.)

Building of the Ka` bah and the Proclamation of the Hajj This is a rebuke t o t hose among Quraysh who worshipped ot hers t han Allah and j oined part ners wit h Him in t he place which from t he out set had been est ablished on t he basis of Tawhid and t he worship of Allah Alone, wit h no part ner or associat e. Allah t ells us t hat He showed Ibrahim t he sit e of t he ` At iq House, i.e., He guided him t o it , ent rust ed it t o him and grant ed him permission t o build it . Many scholars t ake t his as evidence t o support t heir view t hat Ibrahim was t he first one t o build t he House and t hat it was not built before his t ime. It was recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Abu Dharr said, "I said, ` O Messenger of Allah, which Masj id was t he first t o be built ' He said,

«ュや∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや» (Al-Masj id Al-Haram.) I said, ` Then which' He said,

«サ͡ギ∇ボヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ∇Βよ∠ » (Bayt Al-Maqdis.) I said, ` How long bet ween t hem' He said,

«る∠レシ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠» (Fort y years.)'' And Allah says:

び⇔ゅミ∠ケゅ∠らョ⊥ る∠ ムｚ ら∠ よ͡ ン͡グヤｚャ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ノ∠ ッ ͡ ヱ⊥ ろ ∃ ∇Βよ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he first House (of worship) appoint ed for mankind was t hat at Bakkah (Makkah), full of blessing) ぴ3:96び unt il t he end of following t wo Ayat . Allah says:

ヴ ∠ わ͡ ∇Βよ∠ や∠ゲヰあ デ ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ∠ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠ル∇ギ͡ヰ∠ハ∠ヱぴ び͡キヲ⊥イジ ぁ ャや ノ͡ ミｚ ゲぁ ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ヘム͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ヘも͡ べｚトヤ͡ャ (and We commanded Ibrahim and Isma` il t hat t hey should purify My House for t hose who are circumambulat ing it , or st aying (I` t ikaf), or bowing or prost rat ing t hemselves.) ぴ2:125び And Allah says here:

び⇔ゅゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヴ͡よ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺぴ (Associat e not anyt hing wit h Me,) meaning, ` Build it in My Name Alone.'

び∠ヴ͡わ∇Β∠よ ∇ゲヰあ デ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and sanct ify My House) Qat adah and Muj ahid said, "And purify it from Shirk.

び͡キヲ⊥イジ ぁ ャや ノ͡ ミｚ ゲぁ ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ヨも͡ べ∠ボ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ヘも͡ べｚトヤ͡ャぴ (for t hose who circumambulat e it , and t hose who st and up, and t hose who bow, and make prost rat ion (in prayer)) means, ` and make it purely for t hose who worship Allah Alone, wit h no part ner or associat e.' What is meant by "t hose who circumambulat e it '' is obvious, since t his is an act of worship t hat is done only at t he Ka` bah and not at any ot her spot on eart h.

び∠リΒ͡ヨも͡ べ∠ボ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and t hose who st and up) means, in prayer. Allah says:

び͡キヲ⊥イジ ぁ ャや ノ͡ ミｚ ゲぁ ャや∠ヱぴ (and t hose who bow, and make prost rat ion.) Tawaf and prayer are ment ioned t oget her because t hey are not prescribed t oget her anywhere except in relat ion t o t he House. Tawaf is done around t he Ka` bah and prayer is offered facing it s direct ion in t he maj orit y of cases, wit h a few except ions, such as when one is uncert ain of t he direct ion of t he Qiblah, during bat t le and when praying opt ional prayers while t raveling. And Allah knows best .

びあアエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ラあクぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And proclaim t o mankind t he Haj j ) meaning, ` announce t he pilgrimage t o mankind and call t hem t o perform pilgrimage t o t his House which We have commanded you t o build.' It was said t hat Ibrahim said: "O Lord, how can I convey t his t o people when my voice will not reach t hem'' It was said: "Call t hem and We will convey it .'' So Ibrahim st ood up and said, "O mankind! Your Lord has est ablished a House so come on pilgrimage t o it .'' It is said t hat t he mount ains lowered t hemselves so t hat his voice would reach all t he regions of t he eart h, and t hose who were st ill in t heir mot hers' wombs and t heir fat hers' loins would hear t he call. The response came from everyone in t he cit ies, desert s and count ryside, and t hose whom Allah has decreed will make t he pilgrimage, unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion: "At Your service, O Allah, at Your service.'' This is a summary of t he narrat ions from Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr and ot hers among t he Salaf. And Allah knows best . This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and by Ibn Abi Hat im at lengt h.

び∃ゲョ͡ ゅ∠ッ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ィケ͡ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ぴ (They will come t o you on foot and on every lean camel,) This Ayah was used as evidence by t hose scholars whose view is t hat Haj j performed on foot by t hose who are able, is bet t er t han Haj j performed riding, because t he phrase "on foot '' is ment ioned first , and because it is an indicat ion of t heir keenness and resolve. Waki` narrat ed from Abu Al-` Umays from Abu Halhalah from Muhammad bin Ka` b t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "I do not regret anyt hing except for t he fact t hat I wish I had performed Haj j on foot , because Allah says,

び⇔Ιゅ∠ィケ͡ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ぴ (They will come t o you on foot ).'' But t he maj orit y are of t he view t hat performing Haj j while riding is bet t er, following t he example of t he Messenger of Allah , because he performed Haj j riding, alt hough his physical abilit y was sound.

びｙアプ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ぴ (t hey will come from every Faj j ) means every rout e, as Allah says:

び⇔Κら⊥ シ ⊥ ゅ⇔ィゅ∠イプ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We placed t herein Fij aj for t hem t o pass) ぴ21:31び.

び∃ペΒ͡ ヨ∠ハぴ (` Amiq) means dis- t ant . This was t he view of Muj ahid, ` At a', As-Suddi, Qat adah, Muqat il bin Hayan, At h-Thawri and ot hers. This Ayah is like t he Ayah in which Allah t ells us how Ibrahim prayed for his family,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン͡ヲ∇ヰゎ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョｚ り⇔ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プぴ (So fill some heart s among men wit h love t owards t hem) ぴ14:37び. There is no one among t he Muslims who does not long t o see t he Ka` bah and perform Tawaf, people come t o t his spot from every corner of t he world.

ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ∠ ∇シや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ノ∠ ヘ͡ ⇒∠レョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ゼΒ∠ ャあぴ ュ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や る͡ ヨ∠ Β͡ヰよ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ョヲヤ⊥∇バｚョ ∇やヲ⊥ツ∇ボΒ∠ ∇ャ ｚユを⊥ - ゲ∠ Β͡ボヘ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ も͡ べ∠ら∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨバ͡ ∇デぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ びペ ͡ Β͡わバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥プヲｚ ト ｚ Β∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ⊥グル⊥ ∇やヲ⊥プヲ⊥Β∇ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ん∠ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ (28. That t hey may wit ness t hings t hat are of benefit t o t hem, and ment ion t he Name of Allah on appoint ed days, over t he beast of cat t le t hat He has provided for t hem. Then eat t hereof and feed t herewit h t he poor having a hard t ime.) (29. Then let t hem complet e t heir prescribed dut ies and perform t heir vows, and circumambulat e t he ` At iq House.)

Hajj Brings benefits in this World and in the Hereafter

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ノ∠ ヘ͡ ⇒∠レョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ゼΒ∠ ャあぴ (That t hey may wit ness t hings t hat are of benefit t o t hem,) Ibn ` Abbas said, "Benefit s in t his world and in t he Hereaft er.'' Benefit s of t he Hereaft er includes Allah's pleasure. Mat erial benefit s in t his world include sacrificial animals and t rade.'' This was also t he view of Muj ahid and ot hers, t hat t he benefit s come in t his world and in t he Hereaft er. This is like t he Ayah:

び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ Κ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ

(There is no sin on you if you seek t he bount y of your Lord) ぴ2:198び.

ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ョヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ∠ ∇シや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ュゅ∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や る͡ ヨ∠ Β͡ヰよ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ (and ment ion t he Name of Allah on appoint ed days, over t he beast of cat t le t hat He has provided for t hem (for sacrif ice).) Shu` bah and Hushaym narrat ed from Abu Bishr from Sa` id from Ibn ` Abbas, "The appoint ed days are t he t en days (of Dhul-Hij j ah). Al-Bukhari narrat ed t his wit h a disconnect ed chain in a manner denot ing his approval of it . Somet hing similar was narrat ed from Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari, Muj ahid, Qat adah, ` At a', Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan, AdDahhak, ` At a' Al-Khurasani and Ibrahim An-Nakha` i. Al-Bukhari recorded from Ibn ` Abbas t hat t he Prophet said:

«ロ͡グ∠ワ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ツ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ヶ͡プ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ» (No deeds are more virt uous t han deeds done on t hese days.) They said, "Not even Jihad for t he sake of Allah'' He said,

ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ゅｚャま͡ ぶ ͡ や モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰイ ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ャヱ∠ » «￢∇ヶゼ ∠ よ͡ ∇ノィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ よ͡ ゲ⊥ デ ͡ ゅ∠ガΑ⊥ (Not even Jihad for t he sake of Allah, unless a man goes out risking himself and his wealt h for t he sake of Allah, and does not come back wit h anyt hing.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

モ ⊥ ヨ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ょ ぁ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ユ∠ ヌ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ やヱ⊥ゲん͡ ∇ミほ∠プ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼバ∠ ∇ャや ュ͡ ゅｚΑほ∠∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ «ギΒ͡ヨ∇エわｚ ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ Β͡ら∇ムわｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ Β͡ヤ∇ヰわｚ ャや (There are no days t hat are great er before Allah or in which deeds are more beloved t o Him t han t hese t en days, so increase your Tahlil, Takbir, and Tahmid during t hese days.) Al-Bukhari said, "Ibn ` Umar and Abu Hurayrah used t o go out in t he market place during t he t en days and say Takbir, and t he people would say Takbir when t hey said Takbir.'' These t en days include t he day of ` Arafah. It was recorded in Sahih Muslim t hat Abu Qat adah said, "The Messenger of Allah was asked about fast ing on t he day of ` Arafah, and he said, R

る∠ Β∠ ッ ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや る∠ レ∠ ジ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ヘあ ム∠ Α⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ょ ⊥ ジ ͡ わ∠ ∇ェぺ∠» «る∠Βゎ͡ べ∇ャや∠ヱ (I hope by Allah t hat it will be an expiat ion for t he previous year and t he coming year. ) These t en days include t he day of An-Nahr (Sacrifice), which is t he great est day of Haj j , and it was recorded in a Hadit h t hat it is t he most virt ous day t o Allah.

び͡ュゅ∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や る͡ ヨ∠ Β͡ヰよ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (over t he beast of cat t le t hat He has provided for t hem.) means, camels, cat t le and sheep, as Allah explained in Surat Al-An` am:

び∃ァヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ る∠ Β∠ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨを∠ ぴ (eight pairs) ぴ6:143び

び∠ゲΒ͡ボヘ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ も͡ べ∠ら∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨバ͡ ∇デぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ ぴ (Then eat t hereof and feed t herewit h t he poor having a hard t ime.) It was recorded t hat when t he Messenger of Allah offered his sacrifice, he commanded t hat part of each animal should be t aken and cooked, and he at e some of t he meat and drank some of t he brot h.

びゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ ぴ (Then eat t hereof) Hushaym narrat ed from Husayn, from Muj ahid, "This is like t he Ayat :

び∇やヱ⊥ギ⇒∠ト∇タゅ∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤヤ∠ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (But when you finish t he Ihram, you may hunt ) ぴ5:2び

び͡チ∇ケｘΙや ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ わ∠ ルゅ∠プ り⊥ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ろ ͡ Β∠ ツ ͡ ホ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (Then when t he (Jumu` ah) Salah (prayer) is ended, you may disperse t hrough t he land) ぴ62:10び.'' This was t he view favored by Ibn Jarir in his Tafsir.

び∠ゲΒ͡ボヘ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ も͡ べ∠ら∇ャやぴ (t he poor having a hard t ime.) ` Ikrimah said, "This means t he one who is in desperat e need whose povert y is apparent , and t he poor person who is t oo proud t o ask ot hers for help.'' Muj ahid said, "The one who does not st ret ch fort h his hand (t o ask for help).''

び∇ユヰ⊥ ん∠ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ツ∇ボΒ∠ ∇ャ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then let t hem complet e t heir prescribed dut ies) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "This means ending Ihram by shaving one's head, put t ing on one's ordinary clot hes, t rimming one's nails and so on.'' This was also report ed from him by ` At a' and Muj ahid. This was also t he view of ` Ikrimah and Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi.

び∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ⊥グル⊥ ∇やヲ⊥プヲ⊥Β∇ャヱ∠ ぴ (and perform t heir vows,) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, t his means any vows made about sacrificing a camel.

び͡ペΒ͡わバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥プヲｚ ト ｚ ∠Β∇ャ∠ヱぴ (and circumambulat e t he ` At iq House. ) Muj ahid said, "This means t he Tawaf which is obligat ory on t he day of Sacrifice.'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Hamzah said, "Ibn ` Abbas said t o me: ` Have you read in Surat Al-Haj j where Allah says:

び͡ペΒ͡わバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥プヲｚ ト ｚ ∠Β∇ャ∠ヱぴ (and circumambulat e t he ` At iq House.) The end of rit uals is t he Tawaf around t he ` At iq House.''' I say, t his is what t he Messenger of Allah did. When he came back from Mina on t he day of Sacrifice, he began wit h st oning t he Jamrah, st oning it wit h seven pebbles, t hen he offered his sacrifice and shaved his head, t hen he depart ed and circumambulat ed t he House.'' In t he Two Sahihs it was recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The people were commanded t o end t heir visit t o t he Ka` bah by circumambulat ing t he House, but menst ruat ing women are exempt from t his.

び͡ペΒ͡わバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よぴ (t he ` At iq House) t he area from behind Al-Hij r, because t his was originally part of t he Ka` bah built by Ibrahim, but t he Quraysh exculded it from t he House (when t hey had t o rebuild it ) because t hey were short of funds. The Messenger of Allah included it in his Tawaf and said t hat it is part of t he House. He did not acknowledge t he t wo Shami corners, because t hey were not built precisely upon t he original foundat ions of Ibrahim. Qat adah narrat ed t hat Al-Hasan AlBasri comment ed on t he Ayah,

び͡ペΒ͡わバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥プヲｚ ト ｚ ∠Β∇ャ∠ヱぴ (and circumambulat e t he ` At iq House.) "Because it is t he first House est ablished for mankind.'' This was also t he view of ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam. It was recorded t hat ` Ikrimah said, "It was called Al-Bayt Al-` At iq because it survived (U` t iqa) from t he flood at t he t ime of Nuh.'' Khusayf said, "It was called Al-Bayt Al-` At iq because it was never conquered by any t yrant .''

ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ョゲ⊥ ェ ⊥ ∇ユヌ あ バ∠ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ユ⊥ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろヤｚェ ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ ͡リ⇒∠を∇ヱｘΙや リ ∠ ョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇ィゲあ ャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ￢∠ べ∠ヘレ∠ ェ ⊥ - ケ͡ ヱぁゴャや ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βｚトャや ヮ⊥ ヘ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ガわ∠ プ∠ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲｚ カ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ∠ほ∠ム∠プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ びペ ∃ Β͡エシ ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョ∠ ヴ͡プ ウ ⊥ Αあゲャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ン͡ヲ∇ヰゎ∠ (30. That and whoever honors t he sacred t hings of Allah, t hen t hat is bet t er for him wit h his Lord. The cat t le are lawful t o you, except t hose (t hat will be) ment ioned t o you. So shun t he Rij s of t he idols, and shun false speech.) (31. Hunafa' Lillah, not associat ing part ners unt o Him; and whoever assigns part ners t o Allah,

The Reward for avoiding Sin Allah says: ` This is what We have commanded you t o do in t he rit uals (of Haj j ), and t his is t he great reward t hat t he person who does t hat will gain.'

び͡ヮヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ョゲ⊥ ェ ⊥ ∇ユヌ あ バ∠ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (whoever honors t he sacred t hings of Allah,) means, whoever avoids disobeying Him and does not t ransgress t hat which is sacred, and regards commit t ing sin as a very serious mat t er,

び͡ヮよあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (t hen t hat is bet t er for him wit h his Lord.) means, he will at t ain much good and a great reward for doing t hat . Just as t he one who does act s of obedience will earn a great reward, so t oo, t he one who avoids sin will earn a great reward.

Cattle are Lawful

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ユ⊥ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろヤｚェ ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (The cat t le are lawful t o you, except t hose (t hat will be) ment ioned t o you.) means, ` We have made permissible for you all t he An` am (cat t le et c.),' and Allah has not inst it ut ed t hings like Bahirah or a Sa'ibah or a Wasilah or a Ham.

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except t hose ment ioned t o you.) t he prohibit ion of Al-Mayt ah, blood, t he flesh of swine, and t hat on which Allah's Name has not been ment ioned while slaught ering (t hat which has been slaught ered as a sacrifice for ot hers t han Allah, or has been slaught ered for idols) and t hat which has been killed by st rangling, or by a violent blow, or by a headlong fall, or by t he goring of horns -- and t hat which has been (part ly) eat en by a wild animal -- unless you are able t o slaught er it (before it s deat h) - and t hat which is sacrificed (slaught ered) on An-Nusub. This was t he view of Ibn Jarir, who recorded it from Qat adah.

The Command to shun Shirk and Lying

メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ リ ͡ ⇒∠を∇ヱΙ ｘや リ ∠ ョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇ィゲあ ャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プぴ び͡ケヱぁゴャや (So shun t he Rij is of t he idols, and shun false speech.) From t his it is clear what Ar-Rij s means, i.e., avoid t he abominat ion, which means idols. Shirk is ment ioned in conj unct ion wit h false speech, as in t he Ayah:

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ズ ∠ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ヴ ∠ ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユ∠ ∇をΗ ͡ や∠ヱ リ ∠ト ∠ よ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇メゴあ レ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ (Say: "(But ) t he t hings t hat my Lord has indeed forbidden are Al-Fawahish (immoral sins) whet her commit t ed openly or secret ly, sins (of all kinds), unright eous oppression, j oining part ners wit h Allah for which He has given no aut horit y, and saying t hings about Allah of which you have no knowledge''.) ぴ7:33び This includes bearing false wit ness. In t he Two Sahihs it was report ed from Abu Bakrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

«∨͡ゲも͡ ゅ∠らム∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ら∠ ∇ミほ∠よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ ⇒⇒あらル∠ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» (Shall I not t ell you about t he worst of maj or sins) We said, "Yes, O Messenger of Allah.'' He said:

リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲ∇ャや ベ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ポ ⊥ や∠ゲ∇セみ͡∇ャや» Associating others with Allah, ) He was (.disobeying one's parents ゅ∠ャぺ∠ :reclining, then he sat up and said «ケヱぁゴャや り⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠ヰセ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠∩͡ケヱぁゴャや メ ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ (and indeed giving false st at ement s, and indeed bearing false wit ness...) and he kept on repeat ing it unt il we wished t hat he would st op.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Khuraym bin Fat ik Al-Asadi said, "The Messenger of Allah prayed As-Subh (Al-Faj r), and when he had finished, he st ood up and said:

«モ∠ィヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ポ ∠ や∠ゲ∇セみ͡∇ャや ケ͡ ヱぁゴャや り⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠ヰセ ∠ ∇ろャ∠ギ∠ ハ ∠» (Bearing false wit ness is on a par wit h t he associat ion of ot hers wit h Allah.) Then he recit ed t his Ayah:

メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ リ ͡ ⇒∠を∇ヱΙ ｘや リ ∠ ョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇ィゲあ ャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プぴ び͡ヮよ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ￢∠ べ∠ヘレ∠ ェ ⊥ ケ͡ ヱぁゴャや (So shun t he Rij s of t he idols, and shun lying speech. Hunafa' Lillah, not associat ing part ners unt o Him;)

び͡ヮヤｚャ ￢∠ べ∠ヘレ∠ ェ ⊥ぴ (Hunafa' Lillah) means, sincerely submit t ing t o Him Alone, shunning falsehood and seeking t he t rut h. Allah says:

び͡ヮよ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ぴ (not associat ing part ners unt o Him;) Then Allah gives a likeness of t he idolat or in his misguidance and being doomed and being far away from t rue guidance, and says:

び͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲｚ カ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ∠ほ∠ム∠プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and whoever assigns part ners t o Allah, it is as if he had fallen from t he sky,) meaning,

び⊥ゲ∇Βト ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ヘ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ガわ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t he birds caught him in midair,)

び∃ペΒ͡エシ ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョ∠ ヴ͡プ ウ ⊥ Αあゲャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ン͡ヲ∇ヰゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or t he wind had t hrown him t o a far off place.) means, remot e and desolat e, dangerous for anyone who lands t here. Hence it says in t he Hadit h of Al-Bara':

やヱ⊥ギバ͡ タ ∠ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤョ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わプｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ や∠クま͡ ゲ∠ プ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ⊥ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヘゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ェ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲよ͡ «ポゅ∠レワ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゅ⇔ェ∇ゲデ ∠ ヮ⊥ ェ ⊥ ヱ⊥ケ ゥ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇トゎ⊥ ∇モよ∠ (When t he angels of deat h t ake t he soul of t he disbeliever in deat h, t hey t ake his soul up t o t he heaven, but t he gat es of heaven are not opened for him; on t he cont rary, his soul is t hrown down from t here.) Then he recit ed t his Ayah. The Hadit h has already been quot ed in our explanat ion of Surah Ibrahim. Allah gives anot her parable of t he idolat ors in Surat Al-An` am, where He says:

ゅ∠ルゲぁ ツ ⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レバ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギル∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ン͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ルや∠ギワ∠ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レら͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ キぁ ゲ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ や∠ゲ∇Βェ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠Βｚゼャや ヮ⊥ ∇ゎヲ∠ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇シや ン∠ギワ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ゅ∠レわ͡ ∇もや ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ∀ょ⇒∠エ∇タ∠ぺ びン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (Say: "Shall we invoke ot hers besides Allah, t hat can do us neit her good nor can harm us, and shall we t urn back on our heels aft er Allah has guided us -- like one whom t he Shayaメt in have made t o go ast ray in t he land in confusion, his companions calling him t o guidance (saying): ` Come t o us.''' Say: "Verily, Allah's guidance is t he only guidance.'') ぴ6:71び

ン∠ヲ∇ボゎ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ͡み∠プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠バセ ∠ ∇ユヌ あ バ∠ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ ｚユを⊥ ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ノ⊥ ヘ͡ ⇒∠レョ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ - ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや びペ ͡ Β͡わバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠ヰヤぁエ ͡ ョ∠ (32. Thus it is, and whosoever honors t he Sha` a'ir of Allah, t hen it is t ruly from t he Taqwa of t he heart s.) (33. In t hem are benefit s for you for an appoint ed t erm, and aft erwards t hey are brought for sacrifice t o t he ` At iq House.)

Explanation of the Udhiyyah and the Sha` a'ir of Allah

び͡ヮヤｚャや ゲ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠バセ ∠ ∇ユヌ あ バ∠ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and whosoever honors t he Sha` a'ir of Allah,) means, His commands.

び͡ゆヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ヲ∇ボゎ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (t hen it is t ruly from t he Taqwa of t he heart s.) This also includes obeying His commands in t he best way when it comes t o offering sacrifices, as Al-Hakam said narrat ing from Miqsam, from Ibn ` Abbas: "Honoring t hem means choosing fat , healt hy animals (for sacrifice).'' Abu Umamah bin Sahl said: "We used t o fat t en t he Udhiyyah in Al-Madinah, and t he Muslims used t o fat t en t hem.'' This was recorded by Al-Bukhari. In Sunan Ibn Maj ah, it was recorded from Abu Rafi` t hat t he Messenger of Allah sacrificed t wo cast rat ed, fat , horned rams. Abu Dawud and Ibn Maj ah recorded from Jabir: "The Messenger of Allah sacrificed t wo cast rat ed, fat , horned rams.'' It was said, "The Messenger of Allah commanded us t o examine t heir eyes and ears, and not t o sacrifice t he Muqabilah, t he Mudabirah, t he Sharqa, nor t he Kharqa'.'' This was recorded by Ahmad and t he Sunan compilers, and At -Tirmidhi graded it Sahih. As for t he Muqabilah, it is t he one whose ear is cut at t he front , Mudabirah is t he one whose ear is cut at t he back, t he Shurqa is t he one whose ear is split , as Ash-Shafi` i said. The Kharqa' is t he one whose ear is pierced wit h a hole. And Allah knows best . It was recorded t hat Al-Bara' said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

リ ⊥ あΒら∠ ∇ャや ￢⊥ や∠ケ∇ヲバ∠ ∇ャや :ヶ͡ェゅ∠ッほ∠∇ャや ヶ͡プ コ⊥ ヲ⊥イゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ノ∀ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠» ￢⊥ ゅ∠ィ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩ゅ∠ヰッ ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ∠ リ ⊥ あΒら∠ ∇ャや る⊥ ツ ∠ Α͡ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩ゅ∠ワケ⊥ ヲ∠ ハ ∠ «ヶ͡ボ∇レゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ヶ͡わャｚや り⊥ ゲ∠ Β͡ジム∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ ヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ⊥ あΒら∠ ∇ャや (Four are not permit t ed for sacrifice: t hose t hat are obviously one-eyed, t hose t hat are obviously sick, t hose t hat are obviously lame and t hose t hat have broken bones, which no one would choose.) This was recorded by Ahmad and t he Sunan compilers, and At -Tirmidhi graded it Sahih. a

The Benefits of the Sacrificial Camels

び⊥ノヘ͡ ⇒∠レョ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ぴ (In t hem are benefit s for you) meaning, in t he Budn (sacrificial camels) you find benefit s such as t heir milk t heir wool and hair, and t heir use for riding.

びヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ノ⊥ ヘ͡ ⇒∠レョ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ぴ (In t hem are benefit s for you for an appoint ed t erm,) Miqsam report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "Unt il you decide t o offer t hem as a sacrifice.'' It was recorded in t he Two Sahihs from Anas t hat t he Messenger of Allah saw a man driving his sacrificial camel and said,

«ゅ∠ヰ∇らミ∠ ∇ケや» (Ride it .) The man said, "It is a sacrificial camel.'' He said,

«マ∠エ∇Αヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇らミ∠ ∇ケや» (Ride it , woe t o you!) t he second or t hird t ime. According t o a report recorded by Muslim from Jabir, t he Messenger of Allah said:

«ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ろ ∠ ∇ゃイ ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥ や∠クま͡ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠ヰ∇らミ∠ ∇ケや» (Ride it gent ly accor- ding t o your needs.)

び͡ペΒ͡わバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠ヰヤぁエ ͡ ョ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and aft erwards t hey are brought for sacrifice t o t he ` At iq House.) meaning, t hey are event ually brought t o t he ` At iq House -- which is t he Ka` bah -- as Allah says:

び͡るら∠ ∇バム∠ ∇ャや ヒ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠よ ゅ⇔Α∇ギワ∠ ぴ (an offering, brought t o t he Ka` bah) ぴ5:95び

び⊥ヮヤｚエ ͡ ョ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ゅ⇔プヲ⊥ム∇バョ∠ ン ∠ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and det ained t he Hady, from reaching t heir place of sacrifice) ぴ48:25び

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ∠ ∇シや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グΒ∠ ャあ ゅ⇔ムジ ∠ レ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ モ あ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ギ∀ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャみ͡プ∠ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や る͡ ヨ∠ Β͡ヰよ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ミ͡ ク⊥ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ∠リΒ͡わ͡ら∇ガヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ゼ あ よ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇シぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠ィ ͡ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱ り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヴ͡ヨΒ͡ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ (34. And for every nat ion We have appoint ed religious ceremonies, t hat t hey may ment ion t he Name of Allah over t he beast of cat t le t hat He has given t hem for food. And your God is One God, so you must submit t o Him Alone. And give glad t idings t o t he Mukhbit in.) (35. Whose heart s are filled wit h fear when Allah is ment ioned, and t he pat ient who bear what ever may befall t hem, and who perform t he Salah, and who spend out of what We have provided for t hem.)

Rites of Sacrifice have been prescribed for every Nation in the World Allah t ells us t hat sacrifice and shedding blood in t he Name of Allah has been prescribed for all nat ions. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

びゅ⇔ムジ ∠ レ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ モ あ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And for every nat ion We have appoint ed religious ceremonies,) "Fest ivals.'' ` Ikrimah said, "Sacrifices.''

びゅ⇔ムジ ∠ レ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ モ あ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And for every nat ion We have appoint ed religious ceremonies,) Zayd bin Aslam said, "This means Makkah; Allah did not appoint religious ceremonies anywhere else for any nat ion.''

る͡ ヨ∠ Β͡ヰよ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ∠ ∇シや ∇やヱゲ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇グΒ∠ あャぴ び͡ユ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘや (t hat t hey may ment ion t he Name of Allah over t he beast of cat t le t hat He has given t hem for food.) It was recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Anas said, "The Messenger of Allah brought t wo fat , horned rams; he said Bismillah and Allahu Akbar, t hen he put his foot on t heir necks.

び∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇シぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ギ∀ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャみ͡プ∠ ぴ (And your God is One God, so you must submit t o Him Alone.) Your God is One, even t hough t he Laws of t he Prophet s may vary and may abrogat e one anot her. All of t he Prophet s called mankind t o worship Allah Alone wit h no part ner or associat e.

ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥ル Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ (And We did not send any Messenger before you but We revealed t o him (saying): None has t he right t o be worshipped but I, so worship Me.) ぴ21:25び. Allah says:

び∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇シぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (so you must submit t o Him Alone.) meaning, submit t o His commands and obey Him in all sincerit y.

び∠リΒ͡わら͡ ∇ガヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ゼ あ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And give glad t idings t o t he Mukhbit in.) Muj ahid said about Mukhbit in, "Those who find cont ent ment in t heir fait h.'' At h-Thawri said, "Those who find cont ent ment in t heir fait h and who accept t he decree of Allah and submit t o Him.'' It is bet t er t o int erpret it by what comes next , which is:

び∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ミ͡ ク⊥ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Whose heart s are filled wit h fear when Allah is ment ioned,) meaning, t heir heart s fear Him.

び∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∠リΑ͡ゲ͡ら⇒ｚダャや∠ヱぴ (and t he pat ient who bear what ever may befall t hem) meaning, of afflict ions.

び͡りヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヴ͡ヨΒ͡ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and who perform t he Salah,) t hey fulfill t he dut ies which Allah has enj oined upon t hem, t he dut y of performing t he obligat ory prayers.

び∠ラヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and who spend out of what We have provided for t hem.) t he good provision which Allah has given t hem. They spend on t heir families and servant s, and on t he poor and needy; t hey t reat people kindly while remaining wit hin t he limit s set by Allah. This is in cont rast t o t he hypocrit es, who are t he opposit e of all t his, as we have discussed in t he Tafsir of Surah Bara'ah; t o Allah be praise and blessings.

ゅヰ∠ Β͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ゃ͡ ⇒∠バセ ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ギら⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ ∇ろら∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ フ ｚ へ∠ヲタ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ∠ ∇シや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ゲｚ わ∠ ∇バヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ノ∠ レ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨバ͡ ∇デぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ⊥ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ル∇ゲガ ｚシ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミ (36. And t he Budn, We have made t hem for you as among t he symbols of Allah, wherein you have much good. So ment ion t he Name of Allah over t hem when t hey are drawn up in lines (for sacrifice). Then, when t hey are down on t heir sides (aft er slaught er), eat t hereof, and feed t he Qani` and t he Mu` t arr. Thus have We made t hem subj ect t o you t hat you may be grat eful.)

The Command to slaughter the Budn (Sacrificial Camel) Here Allah reminds His servant s of t he blessing which He has best owed on His servant s, by creat ing t he Budn for t hem and making t hem one of His symbols. For He has decreed t hat t hey should be brought t o His Sacred House; indeed, t hey are t he best of t hat which may be offered as a sacrifice t o Allah, as He says:

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∠ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇ヰゼ ｚ ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ も͡ べ∠バセ ∠ ∇やヲぁヤエ ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ び∠ュや∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ Βあョや∠￢ Ι∠ヱ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤボ∠ ∇ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ン ∠ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや (Violat e not t he sanct it y of t he Sha` a'ir of Allah, nor of t he Sacred Mont h, nor of t he animals brought for sacrifice, nor t he garlanded people or animals, and ot hers, nor t he people coming t o t he Sacred House)ぴ5:2び

び͡ヮヤｚャや ゲ͡ ゃ͡ ⇒∠バセ ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ギら⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And t he Budn, We have made t hem for you as among t he symbols of Allah,) Ibn Jurayj said: "At a' comment ed on t his Ayah, ` Cat t le and camels.''' A similar view was also report ed from Ibn ` Umar, Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib and Al-Hasan Al-Basri. Muj ahid said: "Al-Budn means camels.'' According t o Muslim, Jabir bin ` Abdullah and ot hers said, "The Messenger of Allah commanded us t o share in offering t he sacrifice, a Budn (camel) for seven people, and one cow for seven people.''

び∀ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ぴ

(wherein you have much good. ) means, reward in t he Hereaft er.

びｚフへ∠ヲタ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ∠ ∇シや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プぴ (So ment ion t he Name of Allah over t hem when t hey are drawn up in lines (for sacrifice).) It was report ed from Al-Mut t alib bin ` Abdullah bin Hant ab t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said, "I prayed wit h t he Messenger of Allah on ` Id Al-Adha. When he finished, he brought a ram and slaught ered it , saying,

∇ユャ∠ ∇リヨｚ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヶあレハ ∠ や∠グワ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩⊥ゲら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や∠ヱ ぶ ͡ や ユ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ» «ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ あウツ ∠ Α⊥ (Bismillah, and Allahu Akbar. O Allah, t his is on behalf of me and anyone of my Ummah who has not offered a sacrifice.) This was recorded by Ahmad, Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi. Muhammad bin Ishaq recorded from Yazid bin Abi Habib from Ibn ` Abbas t hat Jabir said, "The Messenger of Allah sacrificed t wo rams on t he day of ` Id, and when he lay t hem down t o sacrifice t hem, he said:

チ ∠ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ れ ͡ や∠ヲヨｚジャや ゲ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ヵ͡グヤｚャ͡ ヶ ∠ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヰｚィヱ∠ » ヶ͡ゎゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∩∠リΒ͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ͡ヤ∇ジョ⊥ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ゅ∠ャ リ ∠ Β͡ヨャ∠ゅ∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ぶ ͡ ヶ͡ゎゅ∠ヨョ∠ ヱ∠ ∠ヵゅ∠Β∇エ∠ョ∠ヱ ヶ͡ムジ ⊥ ル⊥ ∠ヱ ∩∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ マ ∠ Α͡ゲセ ∠ «ヮ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ∇リハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇レョ͡ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや (I t urn my face t o t he One Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, being t rue and sincere in fait h submit t ing myself t o Him Alone, and I am not of t he idolat ors. Verily, my prayer, my sacrifice, my living and my dying are for Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s for, wit h no part ner or associat e for Him. Thus am I commanded, and I am t he first of t he Muslims. O Allah, from You and t o You, on behalf of Muhammad and his Ummah.) Then he said, ` Bismillah' and ` Allahu Akbar' and slaught ered t hem.'' It was report ed from ` Ali bin Al-Husayn from Abu Rafi` t hat when t he Messenger of Allah want ed t o offer a sacrifice, he would buy t wo fat , horned, fine rams. When he had prayed and addressed t he people, he would bring one of t hem t o where he was st anding in t he prayer place, and would sacrifice it himself wit h a knife, t hen he would say:

マ ∠ ャ∠ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ ∇リョ∠ :ゅ∠ヰ͡バΒ͡ヨ∠ィ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リハ ∠ や∠グワ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» «パゅ∠ヤら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヶ͡ャ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ ヱ∠ ギ͡ Β͡ェ∇ヲわｚ ャゅ͡よ

(O Allah, t his is on behalf of all of my Ummah, whoever bears wit ness of Tawhid of You and bears wit ness t hat I have conveyed.) Then he would bring t he ot her ram and sacrifice it himself, and say,

«ギｚヨエ ∠ ョ⊥ メ ͡ へ∠ヱ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ∇リハ ∠ や∠グワ∠ » (This is on behalf of Muhammad and t he family of Muhammad.) He would give t hem t o t he poor and he and his family would eat from it as well. This was recorded by Ahmad and Ibn Maj ah. AlA` mash narrat ed from Abu Zabiyan from Ibn ` Abbas,

びｚフへ∠ヲタ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ∠ ∇シや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プぴ (So ment ion t he Name of Allah over t hem when t hey are drawn up in lines (for sacrifice). ) "When t hey are st anding on t hree legs, wit h t he left foreleg t ied up. He says Bismillah and Allahu Akbar, La ilaha illallah, Allahumma Minka wa Laka (In t he Name of Allah and Allah is Most Great ; t here is no God but Allah. O Allah, from You and t o You).'' In t he Two Sahihs it was recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar came t o a man who had made his camel kneel down in order t o sacrifice it . He said, "Make it st and up fet t ered, (t his is) t he Sunnah of Abu Al-Qasim (i.e. t he Prophet Muhammad ).''

びゅ∠ヰよ⊥ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ∇ろら∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (Then, when t hey are down on t heir sides,) Ibn Abi Naj ih report ed t hat Muj ahid said, "This means, when it has fallen t o t he ground.'' This was narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas, and a similar view was narrat ed from Muqat il bin Hayyan. ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said,

びゅ∠ヰよ⊥ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ∇ろら∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (Then, when t hey are down on t heir sides,) "Meaning, when t hey have died.'' This is what was meant by t he comment of Ibn ` Abbas and Muj ahid, for it is not permit t ed t o eat from t he sacrifice when it has been slaught ered unt il it has died and it s movement s have ceased. It was report ed in a Marfu` Hadit h:

«ペ∠ワ∇ゴゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ サ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘレぁ ャや やヲ⊥ヤあイバ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» (Do not rush unt il you are sure t hat t he animal is dead. ) At h-Thawri narrat ed in his Jami` t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said t hat , and he support ed it wit h t he Hadit h of Shaddad bin ` Aws in Sahih Muslim:

∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ジ∇ェみ͡∇ャや ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» ∩∠る∠エ∇よグあ ャや やヲ⊥レジ ͡ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇エよ∠ ク∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠るヤ∠∇わボ͡ ∇ャや やヲ⊥レジ ͡ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ «ヮ∠わエ ∠ Β͡よク∠ ∇ゥゲ͡ Β⊥ ∇ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮゎ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ヘセ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ｚギエ ͡ Β⊥ ∇ャヱ∠ (Allah has prescribed proficiency in all t hings. If you kill, kill well; and if you slaught er, slaught er well. Let each one of you sharpen his blade and let him spare suffering t o t he animal he slaught ers.) It was recorded t hat Abu Waqid Al-Layt hi said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

«る∠わ∇Βョ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∀るΒｚ ∠ェ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ Β͡ヰら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ノ∠ ト ͡ ホ⊥ ゅ∠ョ» (What ever is cut from an animal while it is st ill alive is Mayt ah (dead flesh).) This was recorded by Ahmad, Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi, who graded it Sahih.

びｚゲわ∠ ∇バヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ノ∠ レ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨバ͡ ∇デぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ ぴ (eat t hereof, and feed Qani` and t he Mu` t arr...) This is a command which implies t hat t his is permissible. Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Qani` is t he one who is cont ent wit h what he is given and he st ays in his house, and t he Mu` t arr is t he one who comes t o you and rubs shoulders wit h you so t hat you will give him some meat , but he does not ask for it . '' This was also t he view of Muj ahid and Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Qani` is t he one who is t oo proud t o ask, and Mu` t arr is t he one who does ask.'' This was also t he view of Qat adah, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i and Muj ahid, according t o one report narrat ed from him. And t he opposit e was also suggest ed. This Ayah has been quot ed as evidence by t hose scholars who said t hat t he sacrifice should be divided int o t hree: a t hird for t he one who offers t he sacrifice t o eat from, a t hird t o be given as gift s t o his friends, and a t hird t o be given in charit y t o t he poor, because Allah says:

びｚゲわ∠ ∇バヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ノ∠ レ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨバ͡ ∇デぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ ぴ (eat t hereof, and feed t he poor who does not ask, and t he beggar who asks.) But t here is no evidence in t his Ayah for t his view. According t o a Sahih Hadit h, t he Messenger of Allah said t o t he people: c

ヶ͡ェゅ∠ッほ∠∇ャや ュ͡ ヲ⊥エャ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠カキあ や リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇Βヰ∠ ル∠ ろ ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ヶあルま͡» «ユ⊥ムャ∠ や∠ギよ∠ ゅ∠ョ やヱ⊥ゲカ ͡ キｚ や∠ヱ やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ ∩∃ゐゅ∠ヤを∠ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ (I used t o forbid you t o keep t he meat of t he sacrifice for more t han t hree days, but now eat from it and keep it as you see fit .) According t o anot her report :

«やヲ⊥ホギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ やヱ⊥ゲカ ͡ キｚ や∠ヱ やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ » (Eat some, keep some and give some in charit y.) According t o anot her report :

«やヲ⊥ホギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ やヲ⊥ヨバ͡ ∇デぺ∠ヱ∠ やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ » (Eat some, feed ot hers, and give some in charit y.) As for t he animal skins, it was recorded in Musnad Ahmad from Qat adah bin An-Nu` man in t he Hadit h about t he sacrifice:

ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ワキ͡ ヲ⊥ヤイ ⊥ よ͡ やヲ⊥バわ͡ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ∩やヲ⊥ホギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ » «ゅ∠ワヲ⊥バΒ͡らゎ∠ (Eat and give in charit y, and make use of t he skins, but do not sell t hem.) (Not e) It was recorded t hat Al-Bara' bin ` Azib said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ｚユを⊥ ∩∠ヶヤあダ ∠ ル⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ や∠グワ∠ ゅ∠レョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ よ͡ ぺ⊥ギ∠ ∇らル∠ ゅ∠ョ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ∩ゅ∠レわ∠ レｚ シ ⊥ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ゲエ ∠ ∇レレ∠ プ∠ ノ∠ ィ ͡ ∇ゲル∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワほ∠ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ∀ユ∇エ∠ャ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ り͡ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ウ ∠ よ∠ ク∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ «￢∇ヶセ ∠ ヶ͡プ マ ͡ジ ⊥ レぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ (The first t hing t hat we should do on t his day of ours (` Id) is t o pray, t hen we ret urn and offer t he sacrifice. Whoever does t hat will have followed our Sunnah. Whoever slaught ers his animal before t he prayer, t his is j ust meat which he has brought for his family, it is not a sacrifice at all.) This was recorded by (Al-Bukhari and Muslim). And in Sahih Muslim, it is ment ioned t hat one is not t o offer t he sacrifice unt il t he Imam (leader) has offered his. It is prescribed t o offer t he sacrifice on t he day of Nahr and t he following t hree days of Tashriq, because of t he Hadit h of Jubayr bin Mut ` im who said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

«ウ∇よク∠ ゅ∠ヰヤぁミ⊥ ペ ͡ Α͡ゲ∇ゼわｚ ャや ュ⊥ ゅｚΑぺ∠» (The days of Tashriq are all (for) sacrifice.) This was recorded by Ahmad and Ibn Hibban.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ル∇ゲガ ｚシ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミぴ (Thus have We made t hem subj ect t o you t hat you may be grat eful.) means, for t his reason.

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ル∇ゲガ ｚシ ∠ぴ (Thus have We made t hem subj ect t o you) means, ` We have subj ugat ed t hem t o you, i.e., We have made t hem submissive t owards you, so t hat if you wish you can ride t hem, or if you wish you can milk t hem, or if you wish you can slaught er t hem,' as Allah says:

ゅ⇔ヨ⇒バ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠レΑ͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムヤ͡⇒∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ (Do t hey not see t hat We have creat ed for t hem of what Our Hands have creat ed, t he cat t le, so t hat t hey are t heir owners.)ぴ36:71び unt il He said:

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Will t hey not t hen be grat eful) ぴ36:73び And Allah says in t his Ayah:

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ル∇ゲガ ｚシ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミぴ (Thus have We made t hem subj ect t o you t hat you may be grat eful.)

ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠レΑ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ワぼ⊥ べ∠ョキ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰョ⊥ ヲ⊥エャ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ゅ∠レΑ∠ リ∠ャぴ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲらあ ム∠ わ⊥ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ゼ あ よ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ギワ∠ ゅ∠ョ (37. It is neit her t heir meat nor t heir blood t hat reaches Allah, but it is Taqwa from you t hat reaches Him. Thus have We made t hem subj ect t o you t hat you may proclaim Allah's great ness for His guidance t o you. And give glad t idings t o t he doers of good.)

The Goal of the Udhiyyah (Sacrifice) according to Allah is the Sincerity and Taqwa of His Servant Allah says: t his sacrifice is prescribed for you so t hat you will remember Him at t he t ime of slaught er, for He is t he Creat or and Provider. Not hing of it s flesh or blood reaches Him, for He has no need of anyt hing ot her t han Himself. During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, when t hey offered sacrifices t o t heir gods, t hey would put some of t he meat of t heir sacrifices on t heir idols, and sprinkle t he blood over t hem. But Allah says:

びゅ∠ワぼ⊥ べ∠ョキ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰョ⊥ ヲ⊥エャ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ゅ∠レΑ∠ リ∠ャぴ (It is neit her t heir meat nor t heir blood t hat reaches Allah,) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn Jurayj said, "The people of t he Jahiliyyah used t o put t he meat of t heir sacrifices and sprinkle t he blood on t he House, and t he Companions of t he Messenger of Allah said, "We have more right t o do t hat .'' Then Allah revealed t he words:

ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠レΑ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ワぼ⊥ べ∠ョキ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰョ⊥ ヲ⊥エャ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ゅ∠レΑ∠ リ∠ャぴ び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや (It is neit her t heir meat nor t heir blood t hat reaches Allah, but it is Taqwa from you t hat reaches Him.) That is what He will accept and reward for, as ment ioned in t he Sahih,

∩∇ユム⊥ ル͡ や∠ヲ∇ャぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヲ∠ タ ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» «ユ⊥ムャ͡ゅ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ (Allah does not look t o your appearance or your colors, but He looks t o your heart s and deeds.) And in t he Hadit h; (Indeed charit y falls in t he Hand of Ar-Rahman before it falls in t he hand of t he one asking.)

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Thus have We made t hem subj ect t o you) meaning, ` for t his purpose We have subj ugat ed t he Budn for you,'

び∇ユミ⊥ や∠ギワ∠ ゅョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲらあ ム∠ わ⊥ ャ͡ぴ (t hat you may proclaim Allah's great ness for His guidance t o you.) means, t hat you may glorify Him for guiding you t o His religion and His way which He loves and is pleased wit h, and has forbidden you t o do all t hat He hat es and rej ect s.

び∠リΒ͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ゼ あ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And give glad t idings t o t he doers of good.) means, ` give good news, O Muhammad, t o t hose who do good,' i.e., whose deeds are good and who remain wit hin t he limit s prescribed by Allah, who follow t hat which has been prescribed for t hem, who believe in t he Messenger and follow t hat which he has conveyed from his Lord. (Not e) The Udhiyyah is Sunnah Must ahabbah One animal is sufficient on behalf of all t he members of one household. Ibn ` Umar said, "The Messenger of Allah cont inued t o offer sacrifice for t en years.'' This was recorded by At -Tirmidhi. Abu Ayyub said: "At t he t ime of t he

Messenger of Allah , a man would sacrifice a sheep on behalf of himself and all t he members of his household, and t hey would eat from it and feed ot hers, unt il t he people st art ed boast ing ぴby sacrificing more t han oneび and t hings reached t he st age t hat you see now.'' This was recorded by At -Tirmidhi, who graded it Sahih, and by Ibn Maj ah. ` Abdullah bin Hisham used t o sacrifice one sheep on behalf of his ent ire family; t his was recorded by Al-Bukhari. Concerning how old t he sacrificial animal should be, Muslim recorded from Jabir t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゲ∠ ジ ⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∩⇔るレｚ ジ ͡ ョ⊥ ゅｚャま͡ やヲ⊥エよ∠ ∇グゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ラ∇ほツ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ る⇔ ハ ∠ グ∠ ィ ∠ やヲ⊥エよ∠ ∇グわ∠ プ∠ (Do not sacrifice any but mat ure animals, and if t hat is not possible, t hen sacrifice a young sheep.)

ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ͡ハ ∠ ノ⊥ プ͡ や∠ギΑ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ケ∃ ヲ⊥ヘミ∠ ラ ∃ やｚヲカ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ (38. Truly, Allah defends t hose who believe. Verily, Allah likes not any t reacherous ingrat e.)

Good News of Allah's Defence for the Believers Here Allah t ells us t hat He defends His servant s who put t heir t rust in Him and t urn t o Him in repent ance; He prot ect s t hem from t he t he worst of evil people and t he plot s of t he sinners; He prot ect s t hem, guards t hem and support s t hem, as He t ells us elsewhere:

び⊥ロギ∠ ∇らハ ∠ フ ∃ ゅ∠ムよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Is not Allah sufficient for His servant ) ぴ39:36び

ヒ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠よ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び⇔やケ∇ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ (And whosoever put s his t rust in Allah, t hen He will suffice him. Verily, Allah will accomplish his purpose. Indeed Allah has set a measure for all t hings) ぴ65:3び.

び∃ケヲ⊥ヘミ∠ ラ ∃ やｚヲカ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah likes not any t reacherous ingrat e) means, He does not like any of His servant s who bear t hese charact erist ics, i.e., t reachery in covenant s and promises whereby a person does not do what he says, and ingrat it ude is t o deny t he blessings, whereby one does not acknowledge or appreciat e t hem.

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ͡ニ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ⊥ぴ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ユ͡ワゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ボ∠ャ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダル∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ⊥ ∇プキ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ペ ｙェ ∠ れ ∀ ヲ∠ ヤ∠タ ∠ ヱ∠ ノ∀ Β∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ノ⊥ ョ͡ ヲ∠ タ ∠ ∇ろ∠ョギあ ヰ⊥ ャｚ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ｚラゲ∠ ダ ⊥ レ∠Βャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ シや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゲ⊥ ミ∠ ∇グΑ⊥ ギ⊥ イ ͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ヱ∠ び ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ン ｘ ヲ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠Α リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (39. Permission (t o fight ) is given t o t hose (believers) who are fought against , because t hey have been wronged; and surely, Allah is able t o give t hem vict ory.) (40. Those who have been expelled from t heir homes unj ust ly only because t hey said: "Our Lord is Allah.'' For had it not been t hat Allah checks one set of people by means of anot her, Sawami` , Biya` , Salawat , and Masj ids, wherein t he Name of Allah is ment ioned much, would surely have been pulled down. Verily, Allah will help t hose who help His (cause). Truly, Allah is All-St rong, All-Might y.)

Permission to fight; this is the first Ayah of Jihad Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "This was revealed about Muhammad and his Companions, when t hey were expelled from Makkah.'' Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak and ot hers among t he Salaf, such as Ibn ` Abbas, ` Urwah bin Az-Zubayr, Zayd bin Aslam, Muqat il bin Hayan, Qat adah and ot hers said, "This is t he first Ayah which was revealed about Jihad.'' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "When t he Prophet was driven out of Makkah, Abu Bakr said, ` They have t heir Prophet . Truly, t o Allah we belong and t ruly, t o Him we shall ret urn; surely t hey are doomed.''' Ibn ` Abbas said, "Then Allah revealed t he words:

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ͡ニ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ⊥ぴ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ボ∠ャ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダル∠ (Permission (t o fight ) is given t o t hose (believers) fought against , because t hey have been wronged; and surely, Allah is able t o give t hem vict ory.)'' Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "Then I knew t hat t here would be fight ing.'' Imam Ahmad added: "Ibn ` Abbas said, ` This was t he first Ayah t o be revealed concerning fight ing.''' This was also recorded by At Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i in t he Book of Tafsir of t heir Sunans. At -Tirmidhi said: "It is a Hasan Hadit h.''

び∀ゲΑ͡ギボ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(and surely, Allah is able t o give t hem vict ory.) means, He is able t o grant vict ory t o His believing servant s wit hout any fight ing t aking place, but He want s His servant s t o st rive t heir ut most in obeying Him, as He says:

へ∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ホゲあ ャや ゆ ∠ ∇ゲツ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ ￢⇔ へ∠ギプ͡ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゅ６レ∠ョ ゅｚョみ͡プ∠ ベ ∠ ゅ∠をヲ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱぁギゼ ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ レ∠ガ∇をぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ∠ワケ∠ や∠コ∇ヱぺ∠ ゆ ⊥ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ツ ∠ ゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ ャあ リ͡ム⇒ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ わ∠ ∇ルΙ ∠ - ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ｚモツ ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰプ∠ ゲｚ ハ ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヱ∠ - ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠よ ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ダΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΒ∠ シ ∠ び ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ (So, when you meet t hose who disbelieve, st rike necks t ill when you have killed and wounded many of t hem, t hen bind a bond firmly. Thereaft er eit her for generosit y, or ransom, unt il war lays down it s burden. Thus, but if it had been Allah's will, He Himself could cert ainly have punished t hem. But (He let s you fight ) in order t o t est some of you wit h ot hers. But t hose who are killed in t he way of Allah, He will never let t heir deeds be lost . He will guide t hem and set right t heir st at e. And admit t hem t o Paradise which He has made known t o t hem.) ぴ47:4-6び

∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲダ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゴ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Αほ∠よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇よあグバ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ホぴ ∇ょワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ケ∠ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ブ ͡ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ナ ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ (Fight against t hem so t hat Allah will punish t hem by your hands, and disgrace t hem, and give you vict ory over t hem, and heal t he breast s of a believing people, and remove t he anger of t heir (believers') heart s. Allah accept s t he repent ance of whom He wills. Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.) ぴ9:14-15び

∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ

リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イヨ⊥ ∇ャや

ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らレ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ら∇カぺ∠ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らル∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ

(And surely, We shall t ry you t ill We t est t hose who st rive hard and t he pat ient , and We shall t est your fact s.) ぴ47:31び. And t here are many similar Ayat . Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah,

び∀ゲΑ͡ギボ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and surely, Allah is able t o give t hem (believers) vict ory.) "And t his is what He did.'' Allah prescribed Jihad at an appropriat e t ime, because when t hey were in Makkah, t he idolat ors out numbered t hem by more t han t en t o one. Were t hey t o engage in fight ing at t hat t ime, t he result s would have been disast rous. When t he idolat ors went t o ext remes t o persecut e Muslims, t o expel t he Prophet and resolving t o kill him; when t hey sent his Companions int o exile here and t here, so t hat some went t o Et hiopia and ot hers went t o Al-Madinah; when t hey set t led in Al-Madinah and t he Messenger of Allah j oined t hem t here, and t hey gat hered around him and lent him t heir support , and t hey had a place where Islam prevailed, and a st ronghold t o which t hey could ret reat ; t hen Allah prescribed Jihad against t he enemy, and t his was t he first Ayah t o be revealed for it . Allah said:

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ͡ニ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ⊥ぴ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ユ͡ワゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ボ∠ャ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダル∠ びｙペェ ∠ (Permission (t o fight ) is given t o t hose fought against , because t hey have been wronged; and surely, Allah is able t o give t hem vict ory. Those who have been expelled from t heir homes unj ust ly) Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said; "They were driven out of Makkah t o AlMadinah unj ust ly, i.e., Muhammad and his Companions.''

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (only because t hey said: "Our Lord is Allah.'') means, t hey had not done anyt hing t o t heir people or commit t ed any wrongs against t hem, apart from t he fact t hat t hey believed in t he Oneness of Allah and t hey worshipped Him Alone, wit h no part ner or associat e. But for t he idolat ors, t his was t he worst of sins, as Allah says:

ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚΑま͡ヱ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠

(and have driven out t he Messenger and yourselves because you believe in Allah, your Lord!) ぴ60:1び. Then Allah says:

び∃ヂ∇バら∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ⊥ ∇プキ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (For had it not been t hat Allah checks one set of people by means of anot her,) meaning, were it not for t he fact t hat He repels one people by means of anot her, and rest rains t he evil of people t owards ot hers by means of what ever circumst ances He creat es and decrees, t he eart h would have been corrupt ed and t he st rong would have dest royed t he weak.

び⊥ノョ͡ ヲ∠ タ ∠ ∇ろ∠ョギあ ヰ⊥ ャｚぴ (Sawami` surely have been pulled down) means t he small t emples used by monks. This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Abu Al-` Aliyah, ` Ikrimah, Ad-Dahhak and ot hers. Qat adah said, "This refers t o t he places of worship of t he Sabians;'' according t o anot her report , he said, "The Sawami` of t he Zoroast rians.'' Muqat il bin Hayyan said, "These are houses along t he roads.''

び∀ノΒ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (Biya` .) These are larger t han t he Sawami` and accommodat e more worshippers; t he Christ ians also have t hese. This was t he view of Abu Al-` Aliyah, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Sakhr, Muqat il bin Hayyan, Khusayf and ot hers. Ibn Jubayr report ed from Muj ahid and ot hers t hat t his referred t o t he synagogues of t he Jews which are known t o t hem as Salut . And Allah knows best .

び͡れヲ∠ ヤ∠タ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Salawat ) Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Salawat means churches.'' ` Ikrimah, AdDahhak and Qat adah said t hat it referred t o t he synagogues of t he Jews. Abu Al-` Aliyah and ot hers said, "Salawat refers t o t he places of worship of t he Sabians.'' Ibn Abi Naj ih report ed t hat Muj ahid said, "Salawat refers t o places of worship of t he People of t he Book and of t he people of Islam along t he roads.'' Masj ids belong t o t he Muslims.

び⇔やゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ シや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゲ⊥ ミ∠ ∇グΑ⊥ ぴ (wherein t he Name of Allah is ment ioned much,) It was said t hat t he pronoun refers t o Masj ids, because t his is t he closest of t he words ment ioned. Ad-Dahhak said, "In all of t hem t he Name of Allah is oft en ment ioned.'' Ibn Jarir said, "The correct view is t hat t he monast eries of t he monks, t he churches of t he Christ ians, t he synagogues of t he Jews and t he Masj ids of t he Muslims, in which t he Name of Allah is ment ioned much, would have been dest royed -- because t his is t he usual usage in Arabic.'' Some of t he scholars said, "This is a sequence list ing t he smallest t o t he great est , because t he Masj ids are more frequent ed by more worshippers who have t he correct int ent ion and way.''

び⊥ロゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠Α リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ｚ ∠ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Β∠ャ∠ヱぴ

(Verily, Allah will help t hose who help His (cause).) This is like t he Ayah:

∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Α ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠ゎ ラ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ゅ⇔ジ∇バわ∠ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ∇ユム⊥ ョ∠ や∠ギ∇ホぺ∠ ∇ろらあ ん∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ び ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ (O you who believe! If you help (in t he cause of) Allah, He will help you, and make your foot hold firm. But t hose who disbelieve, for t hem is dest ruct ion, and (Allah) will make t heir deeds vain.) ぴ47:7-8び

び∀ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ ン ｘ ヲ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, Allah is All-St rong, All-Might y.) Allah describes Himself as being All-St rong and AllMight y. By His st rengt h He creat ed everyt hing and measured it exact ly according t o it s due measurement s; by His might not hing can overpower Him or overwhelm Him, rat her everyt hing is humbled before Him and is in need of Him. Whoever is support ed by t he All-St rong, t he AllMight y, is indeed support ed and helped, and his enemy will be overpowered. Allah says:

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ャ͡ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡⇒∠ピ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ルギ∠ レ⊥ィ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケヲ⊥ダレ∠ヨ∇ャや (And, verily, Our Word has gone fort h of old for Our servant s, t he Messengers, t hat t hey verily, would be made t riumphant , and t hat Our soldiers! They verily, would be t he vict ors.) ぴ37:171173び

ン ｘ ヲ͡ ホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ͡ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ リ ｚ ら∠ ヤ͡∇ビΙ ∂ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ぴ び ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ (Allah has decreed: "Verily, it is I and My Messengers who shall be t he vict orious.'' Verily, Allah is All-Powerful, All-Might y.) ぴ58:21び

り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒ｚレムｚ ョｚ ∇ラま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇や∇ヲヰ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ゲョ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ⇒∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ ゎ∠ へ∠ヱ び ケ͡ ヲ⊥ョΙ ｙ や る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや

(41. Those who, if We give t hem power in t he land, est ablish t he Salah, enforce t he Zakah, and t hey enj oin t he good and forbid t he evil. And wit h Allah rest s t he end of (all) mat t ers.)

The Duties of the Muslims when They attain Power Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Ut hman bin ` Affan said, "The Ayah:

り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒ｚレムｚ ョｚ ∇ラま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇や∇ヲヰ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ゲョ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ⇒∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ ゎ∠ へ∠ヱ び͡ゲム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Those who, if We give t hem power in t he land, (t hey) est ablish t he Salah, enforce t he Zakah, and t hey enj oin t he good and forbid t he evil.) was revealed concerning us, for we had been expelled from our homes unj ust ly only because we said: ` Our Lord is Allah.' Then we were given power in t he land, so we est ablished regular prayer, paid t he Zakah, enj oined what is good and forbade what is evil, and wit h Allah rest s t he end of (all) mat t ers. This is about my companions and I.'' Abu Al-` Aliyah said, "They were t he Companions of Muhammad .'' As-Sabah bin Suwadah Al-Kindi said, "I heard ` Umar bin ` Abdul-` Aziz give a speech and say:

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒ｚレムｚ ョｚ ∇ラま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who, if We give t hem power in t he land....) Then he said, "This is not obligat ory only for t hose who are in aut horit y, it also applies t o t hose who are governed by t hem. Shall I not t ell you what you can expect from your governor, and what dut ies t hose who are ruled owe t o him Your right s over your governor are t hat he should check on you wit h regard t o your dut ies t owards Allah and rest ore t he right s t hat you have over one anot her, and t hat he should guide you t o t he st raight pat h as much as possible. Your dut ies t owards him are t hat you should obey him wit hout cheat ing and wit hout resent ment , and you should obey him bot h in secret and openly.'' ` At iyah Al-` Awfi said, "This Ayah is like t he Ayah:

れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡チ∇ケ∇Ιや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ヘ∠ ヤ͡∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ∠ (Allah has promised t hose among you who believe and do right eous good deeds, t hat He will cert ainly grant t hem succession t o (t he present rulers) in t he land) ぴ24:55び.

び͡ケヲ⊥ョΙ ｙ や る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And wit h Allah rest s t he end of (all) mat t ers.) This is like t he Ayah:

び∠リΒ͡ボわｚヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And t he good end is for t hose who have Taqwa) ぴ28:83び. Zayd bin Aslam said:

び͡ケヲ⊥ョΙ ｙ や る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And wit h Allah rest s t he end of (all) mat t ers.) "And wit h Allah will be t he reward for what t hey did.''

∀キゅ∠ハ∠ヱ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ∇ろよ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ Α⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ - ヅ ∃ ヲ⊥ャ ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ - キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇Βヤ∠∇ョほ∠プ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゆ ∠ グあ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α∠ ∇ギョ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ リあΑほ∠ム∠ プ∠ - ゲ͡ Β͡ムル∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ る∃ ヤ∠ト ｚ バ∠ ョぁ ゲ∃ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰセ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲハ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∀ Α∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠カ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ニ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ プ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ - ギ∃ Β͡ゼョｚ ゲ∃ ∇ダホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∀ラや∠クや∠￢ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ∀ゆヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヨ∇バゎ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヨ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ͡み∠プ び ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ヴ͡わャｚや (42. And if t hey deny you, so did deny before t hem t he people of Nuh, ` Ad and Thamud.) (43. And t he people of Ibrahim and t he people of Lut ,) (44. And t he dwellers of Madyan; and denied was Musa. But I grant ed respit e t o t he disbelievers for a while, t hen I seized t hem, and how (t errible) was My punishment !) (45. And many a t ownship did We dest roy while t hey were given t o wrongdoing, so t hat it lie in ruins, and a desert ed well and cast le Mashid!) (46. Have t hey not t raveled t hrough t he land, and have t hey heart s wherewit h t o underst and and ears wherewit h t o hear Verily, it is not t he eyes t hat grow blind, but it is t he heart s which are in t he breast s t hat grow blind.)

The Consequences for the Disbelievers

Here Allah consoles His Prophet Muhammad for t he disbelief of t hose among his people who opposed him.

び∃ゥヲ⊥ル ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ∇ろよ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ Α⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if t hey deny you, so did deny before t hem t he people of Nuh) unt il His saying,

びヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゆ ∠ グあ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and denied was Musa.) means, despit e all t he clear signs and evidence t hat t hey brought .

び∠リΑ͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇Βヤ∠∇ョほ∠プぴ (But I grant ed respit e t o t he disbelievers for a while,) means, ` I delayed and post poned.'

び͡ゲΒ͡ムル∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen I seized t hem, and how (t errible) was My punishment !) means, ` how great was My vengeance against t hem and My punishment of t hem!' In t he Two Sahihs it is report ed from Abu Musa t hat t he Prophet said:

«ヮ∇わヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ロ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ユ͡ ャ͡ゅｚヌヤ͡ャ ヶ͡ヤ∇ヨΒ⊥ ャ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» (Allah let s t he wrongdoer carry on unt il, when He seizes him, He will never let him go.) Then he recit ed:

ラ ｚ ま͡ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ニ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ グ⊥ ∇カぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠セ ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ロ⊥ グ∠ ∇カぺ∠ (Such is t he punishment of your Lord when He seizes t he t owns while t hey are doing wrong. Verily, His punishment is painful (and) severe.) ぴ11:102び Then Allah says:

びゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ リあΑ∠ほ∠ム∠プぴ (And many a t ownship did We dest roy)

び∀るヨ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ニ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (while t hey were given wrongdoing,) meaning, t hey were rej ect ing t heir Messengers.

びゅ∠ヰセ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲハ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∀ Α∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠カ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ ぴ (so t hat it lie in ruins,) Ad-Dahhak said, "ぴLeveled t oび t heir roofs,'' i.e., t heir houses and cit ies were dest royed.

び∃るヤ∠ト ｚ バ∠ ョぁ ゲ∃ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and (many) a desert ed well) means, t hey draw no wat er from it , and no one comes t o it , aft er it had been frequent ed oft en by crowds of people.

び∃ギΒ͡ゼョｚ ゲ∃ ∇ダホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and a cast le Mashid!) ` Ikrimah said, "This means whit ened wit h plast er.'' Somet hing similar was narrat ed from ` Ali bin Abi Talib, Muj ahid, ` At a', Sa` id bin Jubayr, Abu Al-Mulayh and AdDahhak. Ot hers said t hat it means high and impenet rable fort resses. All of t hese suggest ions are close in meaning and do not cont radict one anot her, for t his st urdy const ruct ion and great height did not help t heir occupant s or afford t hem any prot ect ion when t he punishment of Allah came upon t hem, as He says:

ァ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ぁムミ͡ケ∇ギΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ぴ び∃りギ∠ Βｚ ゼ ∠ ョぁ ("Wheresoever you may be, deat h will overt ake you even if you are in Buruj Mushayyadah!'') ぴ4:78び

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Have t hey not t raveled t hrough t he land,) means, have t hey not t raveled in t he physical sense and also used t heir minds t o ponder That is sufficient , as Ibn Abi Ad-Dunya said in his book At Tafakkur wal-I` t ibar, "Some of t he wise people said, ` Give life t o your heart wit h lessons, illuminat e it wit h t hought , kill it wit h ascet icism, st rengt hen it wit h cert ain fait h, remind it of it s mort alit y, make it aware of t he calamit ies of t his world, warn it of t he disast ers t hat life may bring, show it how t hings may suddenly change wit h t he passing of days, t ell it t he st ories of t he people of t he past , and remind it what happened t o t hose who came before.''' Walk t hrough t heir ruins, see what t hey did and what became of t hem, meaning, look at t he punishment s and divine wrat h t hat st ruck t he nat ions of t he past who belied,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∀ラや∠クや∠￢ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ∀ゆヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ プ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰよ͡

(and have t hey heart s wherewit h t o underst and and ears wherewit h t o hear) meaning, let t hem learn a lesson from t hat .

ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヨ∇バゎ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヨ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ び͡ケヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ヴ͡わャｚや (Verily, it is not t he eyes t hat grow blind, but it is t he heart s which are in t he breast s t hat grow blind.) means, t he blind person is not t he one whose eyes cannot see, but rat her t he one who has no insight . Even if t he physical eyes are sound, t hey st ill cannot learn t he lesson.

ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ブ ∠ ヤ͡∇ガΑ⊥ リ∠ャヱ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ͡イ∇バ∠わ∇ジ∠Α∠ヱぴ - ∠ラヱぁギバ⊥ ∠ゎ ゅｚヨョあ る∃ レ∠ シ ∠ ブ ͡ ∇ャほ∠ミ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ｚユを⊥ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ニ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βヤ∠∇ョぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ リあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ (47. And t hey ask you t o hast en on t he t orment ! And Allah fails not His promise. And verily a day wit h your Lord is as a t housand years of what you reckon.) (48. And many a t ownship did I give respit e while it was given t o wrongdoing. Then I seized it (wit h punishment ). And t o Me is t he (final) ret urn (of all).)

The Disbelievers Demand for the Punishment Allah t ells His Prophet :

び͡ゆや∠グバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ͡イ∇バ∠わ∇ジ∠Α∠ヱぴ (And t hey ask you t o hast en on t he t orment !) meaning, t hese disbelievers who disbelieve in Allah and His Book and His Messenger and t he Last Day. This is like t he Ayat :

ポ ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゆ ∃ やグ∠ バ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ∇もや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠イェ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ゲト ͡ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ び ユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ (And (remember) when t hey said: "O Allah! If t his is indeed t he t rut h from You, t hen rain down st ones on us from t he sky or bring on us a painful t orment .'') ぴ8:32び H

びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レト ｚ ホ͡ ゅ∠レャｚ モあイハ ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (They say: "Our Lord! Hast en t o us Qit t ana (our punishment ) before t he Day of Reckoning!'') ぴ38:16び.

び⊥ロギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ブ ∠ ヤ͡∇ガΑ⊥ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah fails not His promise.) means, His promise t o bring about t he Hour and wreak vengeance upon His enemies, and t o honor His close friends.

び∠ラヱぁギバ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョあ る∃ レ∠ シ ∠ ブ ͡ ∇ャほ∠ミ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily a day wit h your Lord is as a t housand years of what you reckon. ) means, He does not hast en, for what is count ed as a t housand years wit h His creat ion is as one day wit h Him, and He knows t hat He is able t o exact revenge and t hat He will not miss a t hing, even if He delays and wait s and post pones. Hence He t hen says:

ｚユを⊥ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ニ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βヤ∠∇ョぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ リあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ (And many a t ownship did I give respit e while it was given t o wrongdoing. Then I seized it (wit h punishment ). And t o Me is t he (final) ret urn (of all).) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

￢͡ ゅ∠Βレ͡ ∇ビほ∠∇ャや モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⊥ や∠ゲボ∠ プ⊥ モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ » «ュゅ∠ハ る͡ も∠ ゅ͡ヨジ ͡ ∇ヨカ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ブ ͡ ∇ダレ͡ よ͡ (The poor among t he Muslims will ent er Paradise half a day before t he rich -- five hundred years.) This was recorded by At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i from t he Hadit h of At h-Thawri from Muhammad bin ` Amr. At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.'' Abu Dawud recorded at t he end of Book of Al-Malahim in his Sunan from Sa` d bin Abi Waqqas t hat t he Prophet said:

∇ラぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰよあ ケ∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ゴ∠ イ ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケほ∠ャ∠ ヶあルま͡» «ュ∇ヲΑ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ダル͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ カ あ ぽ∠ Α⊥ (I hope t hat it will not be t oo much for my Ummah if Allah delays t hem for half a day.) It was said t o Sa` d, "What does half a day mean'' He said, "Five hundred years.''

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠プ - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ベ ∀ ∇コケ͡ ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ⇒∠バョ⊥ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ∇や∇ヲバ∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ∀ユΑ͡ゲ∠ミ び ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ (49. Say: "O mankind! I am (sent ) t o you only as a plain warner.'') (50. So t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, for t hem is forgiveness and Rizq Karim.) (51. But t hose who st rive against Our Ayat t o frust rat e t hem, t hey will be dwellers of t he Hellfire.)

The Recompense of the Righteous and the Unrighteous Allah said t o His Prophet , when t he disbelievers asked him t o hast en on t he punishment for t hem:

び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "O mankind! I am (sent ) t o you only as a plain warner.'') meaning, ` Allah has sent me t o you t o warn you ahead of t he t errible punishment , but I have not hing t o do wit h your reckoning. Your case rest s wit h Allah: if He wills, He will hast en on t he punishment for you; and if He wills, He will delay it for you. If He wills he will accept t he repent ance of t hose who repent t o Him; and if He wills, He will send ast ray t hose who are decreed t o be doomed. He is t he One Who does what soever He wills and want s and chooses.

び͡ゆゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ムエ ⊥ ャ͡ ょ ∠ ボあ バ∠ ョ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (There is none t o put back His j udgement and He is swift at reckoning.) ぴ13:41び

∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ヘレ∀Β͡らョぁ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ び͡ろ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや (I am (sent ) t o you only as a plain warner. So t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds,) means, whose heart s believe and whose act ions confirm t heir fait h.

び∀ユΑ͡ゲミ∠ ベ ∀ ∇コケ͡ ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ユ⊥ヰャｚぴ

(for t hem is forgiveness and Rizq Karim. ) means, forgiveness for t heir previous bad deeds, and a great reward in ret urn for a few good deeds. Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi said, "When you hear Allah's saying:

び∀ユΑ͡ゲミ∠ ベ ∀ ∇コケ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (Rizq Karim) t his means Paradise.''

び∠リΑ͡ゴイ ͡ ⇒∠バョ⊥ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ∇や∇ヲバ∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (But t hose who st rive against Our Ayat t o frust rat e t hem,) Muj ahid said, "To discourage people from following t he Prophet .'' This was also t he view of ` Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr, "t o discourage.'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "To frust rat e t hem means t o resist t he believers st ubbornly.''

び͡ユΒ͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (t hey will be dwellers of t he Hellfire.) This refers t o t he agonizingly hot Fire wit h it s severe punish- ment , may Allah save us from it . Allah says:

∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇キコ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヱぁギタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゅよ⇔ や∠グハ ∠ (Those who disbelieved and hinder (men) from t he pat h of Allah, for t hem We will add t orment t o t he t orment because t hey used t o spread corrupt ion) ぴ16:88び

や∠クま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ ∂ ら͡ ル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや オ ⊥ジ ∠ レ∠Βプ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ Βｚ レ͡ ∇ョぺ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ヴｚレヨ∠ ゎ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや￢ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ヴ͡ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ∂ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ヴ͡ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΒ∠ ャ∂ ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ る͡ Β∠ シ ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや∠ヱ ∀チ∠ゲョｚ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ギ∃ Β͡バよ∠ ベ ∃ ゅ∠ボセ ͡ ヴ͡ヘャ∠

ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ∠ ら͡ ∇ガわ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ プ∠ マ ∠ よ∂ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや び∃ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ͡タ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キ͡ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや (52. Never did We send a Messenger or a Prophet before you but when he did recit e (t he revelat ion or narrat ed or spoke), Shayt an t hrew (some falsehood) in his recit at ion (of t he revelat ion). But Yansakh Allah t hat which Shayt an t hrows in. Then Allah est ablishes His revelat ions. And Allah is All-Knower, All-Wise:) (53. That He (Allah) may make what is t hrown in by Shayt an a t rial for t hose in whose heart s is a disease and whose heart s are hardened. And cert ainly, t he wrongdoers are in an opposit ion far-off (from t he t rut h).) (54. And t hat t hose who have been given knowledge may know t hat it (t his Qur'an) is t he t rut h from your Lord, so t hat t hey may believe t herein, and t heir heart s may submit t o it wit h humilit y. And verily, Allah is t he Guide of t hose who believe, t o t he st raight pat h.)

How the Shaytan threw some Falsehood into the Words of the Messengers, and how Allah abolished that At t his point many of t he scholars of Tafsir ment ioned t he st ory of t he Gharaniq and how many of t hose who had migrat ed t o Et hiopia came back when t hey t hought t hat t he idolat ors of t he Quraysh had become Muslims, but t hese report s all come t hrough Mursal chains of narrat ion and I do not t hink t hat any of t hem may be regarded as Sahih. And Allah knows best . Al-Bukhari said, "Ibn ` Abbas said,

び͡ヮわ͡ Βｚ レ͡ ∇ョぺ⊥ ヴ͡プぴ (in his recit at ion (of t he revelat ion).) "When he spoke, t he Shayt an t hrew (some falsehood) int o his speech, but Allah abolished t hat which t he Shayt an t hrew in.''

び͡ヮわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then Allah est ablishes His revelat ions.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

び͡ヮわ͡ Βｚ レ͡ ∇ョぺ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ヴｚレ∠ヨ∠ゎ や∠クま͡ぴ (when he did recit e (t he revelat ion), Shayt an t hrew (some falsehood) in it ) "When he spoke, t he Shayt an t hrew (some falsehood) int o his speech.'' Muj ahid said:

びヴ∠レ∇ヨゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ぴ (when he did recit e) "When he spoke.'' It was said t hat it refers t o his recit at ion, whereas,

びｚヴル͡ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ

(but t hey t rust upon Amani) means t hey speak but t hey do not writ e. Al-Baghawi and t he maj orit y of t he scholars of Tafsir said:

びヴｚレヨ∠ ゎ∠ ぴ (he did recit e) "Recit ing t he Book of Allah.''

び͡ヮわ͡ Βｚ レ͡ ∇ョぺ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ボ∇ャ∠ぺぴ (Shayt an t hrew (some falsehood) in it ) "In his recit at ion.'' Ad-Dahhak said:

びヴ∠レ∇ヨゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ぴ (when he did recit e) "When he recit ed.'' Ibn Jarir said, "This comment is more akin t o int erpret at ion.''

び⊥リ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ヴ͡ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや オ ⊥ジ ∠ レ∠Βプ∠ ぴ (But Yansakh Allah t hat which Shayt an t hrows in.) The meaning of t he word Naskh in Arabic is t o remove or lift away. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "This means, Allah cancels out t hat which t he Shayt an t hrows in.''

び∀ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is All-Knower,) means, He knows all mat t ers and event s t hat will happen, and not hing what soever is hidden from Him.

び∀ユΒム͡ ェ ∠ぴ (All-Wise.) means, in His decree, creat ion and command, He has perfect wisdom and absolut e proof, hence He says:

ユ͡ヰよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ヴ͡ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΒ∠ ャあぴ び∀チゲ∠ ョｚ (That He (Allah) may make what is t hrown in by Shayt an a t rial for t hose in whose heart s is a disease) meaning, doubt , Shirk, disbelief and hypocrisy. Ibn Jurayj said:

び∀チゲ∠ ョｚ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ

(t hose in whose heart s is a disease) "The hypocrit es, and

び∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ る͡ Β∠ シ ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and whose heart s are hardened.) means t he idolat ors.''

び∃ギΒ͡バよ∠ ベ ∃ ゅ∠ボセ ͡ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And cert ainly, t he wrongdoers are in an opposit ion far-off.) means, far away in misguidance, resist ance and st ubbornness, i.e., far from t he t rut h and t he correct way.

マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ プ∠ (And t hat t hose who have been given knowledge may know t hat it is t he t rut h from your Lord, so t hat t hey may believe t herein,) means, ` so t hat t hose who have been given beneficial knowledge wit h which t hey may different iat e bet ween t rut h and falsehood, t hose who believe in Allah and His Messenger, may know t hat what We have revealed t o you is t he t rut h from your Lord, Who has revealed it by His knowledge and under His prot ect ion, and He will guard it from being mixed wit h anyt hing else.' Indeed, it is t he Wise Book which,

ヮ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ⊥ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ｚぴ び ギ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ユ∃ Β͡ムェ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀モΑ͡ゴレ∠ゎ (Falsehood cannot come t o it from before it or behind it , (it is) sent down by t he All-Wise, Wort hy of all praise (Allah).) ぴ41:42び

び͡ヮよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (so t hat t hey may believe t herein,) means, t hat t hey may believe t hat it is t rue and act upon it .

び∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ∠ ら͡ ∇ガわ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (and t heir heart s may submit t o it wit h humilit y.) means, t hat t heir heart s may humble t hemselves and accept it .

び∃ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ͡キゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(And verily, Allah is t he Guide of t hose who believe, t o t he st raight pat h.) means, in t his world and in t he Hereaft er. In t his world, He guides t hem t o t he t rut h and helps t hem t o follow it and t o resist and avoid falsehood; in t he Hereaft er, He will guide t hem t o t he st raight pat h which leads t o t he degrees of Paradise, and He will save t hem from t he painful t orment and t he dismal levels of Hell.

ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲョ͡ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ⊥ や∠ゴΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ - ユ∃ Β͡ボハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ユ͡ Β͡バレｚ ャや ろ ͡ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヴ͡プ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ び ∀リΒ͡ヰョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ (55. And t hose who disbelieved, will not cease t o be in doubt about it unt il t he Hour comes suddenly upon t hem, or t here comes t o t hem t he t orment of Yawm ` Aqim.) (56. The sovereignt y on t hat Day will be t hat of Allah. He will j udge bet ween t hem. So t hose who believed and did right eous good deeds will be in Gardens of Delight .) (57. And t hose who disbelieved and denied Our Ayat , for t hem will be a humiliat ing t orment (in Hell).)

The Disbelievers will remain in Doubt and Confusion Allah t ells us t hat t he disbelievers will remain in doubt concerning t his Qur'an. This was t he view of Ibn Jurayj and was t he view favored by Ibn Jarir.

び⇔るわ∠ ∇ピよ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il t he Hour comes suddenly upon t hem,) Muj ahid said: "By surprise.'' Qat adah said:

び⇔るわ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ぴ (suddenly) means, t he command of Allah will cat ch t he people unaware. Allah never seizes a people except when t hey are int oxicat ed wit h pride, enj oying a life of luxury, and t hey t hink t hat t he punishment will never come upon t hem, but Allah does not punish anyone except t he evildoers.

び∃ユΒ͡ボハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or t here comes t o t hem t he t orment of Yawm ` Aqim.) Muj ahid said, "Ubay bin Ka` b said: ` Yawm ` Aqim means t he day of Badr.''' ` Ikrimah and Muj ahid said: "Yawm ` Aqim means t he Day of Resurrect ion, following which t here will be no night .'' This was also t he view of Ad-Dahhak and Al-Hasan Al-Basri. Allah says:

び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャやぴ (The sovereignt y on t hat Day will be t hat of Allah. He will j udge bet ween t hem.) This is like t he Ayat :

びリ ͡ Αあギャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ͡ ヤ͡⇒∠ョぴ (The Only Owner of t he Day of Recompense) ぴ1:4び

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャやぴ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ジハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (The sovereignt y on t hat Day will be t he t rue (sovereignt y), belonging t o t he Most Gracious (Allah), and it will be a hard Day for t he disbelievers.) ぴ25:26び

び͡ろ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠プぴ (So t hose who believed and did right eous good deeds) means, t heir heart s believed in Allah and His Messenger , and t hey act ed in accor- dance wit h what t hey knew; t heir words and deeds were in harmony.

び ユ͡ Β͡バレｚ ャや ろ ͡ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヴ͡プぴ (in Gardens of Delight .) means, t hey will enj oy et ernal bliss which will never end or fade away.

びべ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who disbelieved and denied Our Ayat ,) means, t heir heart s rej ect ed and denied t he t rut h; t hey disbelieved in it and resist ed t he Messengers and were t oo proud t o follow t hem. e

び∀リΒ͡ヰョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ (for t hem will be a humiliat ing t orment . ) means, in recompense for arrogant ly t urning away from t he t rut h.

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ シ ∠ ヴ͡ゎキ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び∠リΑ͡ゲカ ͡ キ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠

(Verily, t hose who scorn My worship t hey will surely ent er Hell in humiliat ion!) ぴ40:60び

∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲィ ∠ ゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ジェ ∠ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚレホ∠ コ⊥ ∇ゲΒ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヲッ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ Κ ⇔カ ∠ ∇ギョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ヤ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ ャ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ホコ͡ ゲ∠ ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ょ ∠ ホ͡ ヲ⊥ハ ゅ∠ョ モ ͡ ∇んヨ͡ よ͡ ょ ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ハ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク - ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ェ ∀ユΒ͡ヤバ∠ ャ∠ び ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヲｘ ヘ⊥ バ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ⊥ ｚルゲ∠ ダ ⊥ レ∠Βャ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ ∠ ピ͡ よ⊥ ｚユを⊥ (58. Those who emigrat ed in t he cause of Allah and aft er t hat were killed or died, surely, Allah will provide a good provision for t hem. And verily, it is Allah Who indeed is t he Best of t hose who make provision.) (59. Truly, He will make t hem ent er an ent rance wit h which t hey shall be well-pleased, and verily, Allah indeed is All-Knowing, Most Forbearing.) (60. That is so. And whoever has ret aliat ed wit h t he like of t hat which he was made t o suffer, and t hen has again been wronged, Allah will surely help him. Verily, Allah indeed is Oft -Pardoning, Oft -Forgiving.)

The Great Reward for Those Who migrate in the Cause of Allah Allah t ells us t hat t hose who migrat e for t he sake of Allah, seeking t o earn His pleasure and t hat which is wit h Him, leaving behind t heir homelands, families and friends, leaving t heir count ries for t he sake of Allah and His Messenger t o support His religion, t hen t hey are killed, i.e., in Jihad, or t hey die, i.e., t hey pass away wit hout being involved in fight ing, t hey will have earned an immense reward. As Allah says:

ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ や⇔ゲ͡イ⇒∠ヰョ⊥ ヮ͡ わ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや ヴ ∠ ヤ∠ハ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ノ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇ミケ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ (And whosoever leaves his home as an emigrant unt o Allah and His Messenger, and deat h overt akes him, his reward is t hen surely incumbent upon Allah) ぴ4:100び

び⇔ゅレ∠ジェ ∠ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚレホ∠ コ⊥ ∇ゲΒ∠ ャ∠ぴ (surely, Allah will provide a good provision for t hem.) means, He will reward t hem from His bount y and provision in Paradise wit h t hat which will bring t hem j oy.

び∠リΒ͡ホコ͡ ゲ∠ ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ヮ∠ル∇ヲ∠ッ∇ゲ∠Α Κ ⇔カ ∠ ∇ギョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ヤ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ ャ∠ぴ

(And verily, it is Allah Who indeed is t he Best of t hose who make provision. Truly, He will make t hem ent er an ent rance wit h which t hey shall be well-pleased,) This means Paradise, as Allah says elsewhere:

∀ラゅ∠エ∇Α∠ケ∠ヱ ゥ ∀ ∇ヱゲ∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡よゲｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ び ユ∃ Β͡バル∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヱ∠ (Then, if he be of t hose brought near (t o Allah), rest and provision, and a Garden of Delight s.) ぴ56:88-89び. Allah t ells us t hat He will grant him rest and provision and a Garden of Delight s, as He t ells us here:

び⇔ゅレ∠ジェ ∠ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚレホ∠ コ⊥ ∇ゲΒ∠ ャ∠ぴ (surely, Allah will provide a good provision for t hem.) Then He says:

び∀ユΒ͡ヤバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヲッ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ Κ ⇔カ ∠ ∇ギョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ヤ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (Truly, He will make t hem ent er an ent rance wit h which t hey shall be well-pleased, and verily, Allah indeed is All-Knowing,) meaning, He is All-Knowing about t hose who migrat e and st rive in Jihad for His sake and who deserve t hat (reward).

び∀ユΒ͡ヤェ ∠ぴ (Most Forbearing,) means, He forgives and overlooks t heir sins, and He accept s as expiat ion for t heir sins, t heir migrat ion (Hij rah) and t heir put t ing t heir t rust in Him. Concerning t hose who are killed for t he sake of Allah, whet her t hey are Muhaj irs (migrant s) or ot herwise, t hey are alive wit h t heir Lord and are being provided for, as Allah says:

∇モよ∠ ゅ⇔ゎ∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホコ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∀￢ゅ∠Β∇ェ∠ぺ (Think not of t hose as dead who are killed in t he way of Allah. Nay, t hey are alive, wit h t heir Lord, and t hey have provision) ぴ3:169び. There are many Hadit hs on t his t opic, as st at ed previously. Wit h regard t o t hose who die for t he sake of Allah, whet her t hey are emigrant s or not . This Ayah and t he Sahih Hadit hs guarant ee t hat t hey will be well provided for and t hat Allah will show t hem kindness. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Shurahbil bin As-Simt said: "We spent a long t ime besieging a st ronghold in t he land of t he Romans. Salman Al-Farisi, may Allah be pleased wit h him, passed by me and said, ` I heard t he Messenger of Allah say:

マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ン∠ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ゅ⇔トよ͡ や∠ゲョ⊥ れ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇リョ∠ » ∩∠リΒ͡ルゅｚわ∠ヘャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ∠ ョ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ベ∇コゲあ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ゲ∇ィほ∠∇ャや :∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ラま͡ やヱ⊥ぼゲ∠ ∇ホや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲィ ∠ ゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ジェ ∠ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚレホ∠ コ⊥ ∇ゲΒ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヲッ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ Κ ⇔カ ∠ ∇ギョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ヤ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ ャ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ホコ͡ ゲ∠ ャや «び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ェ ∀ユΒ͡ヤバ∠ ャ∠ (Whoever dies guarding t he borders of Islam, Allah will give him a reward like t hat reward (of mart yr) and will provide for him and keep him safe from t rials. Recit e, if you wish: (Those who emigrat ed in t he cause of Allah and aft er t hat were killed or died, surely, Allah will provide a good provision for t hem. And verily, it is Allah Who indeed is t he Best of t hose who make provision. Truly, He will make t hem ent er an ent rance wit h which t hey shall be well-pleased, and verily, Allah indeed is All-Knowing, Most Forbearing))'' He also recorded t hat ` AbdurRahman bin Jahdam Al-Khawlani was wit h Fadalah bin ` Ubayd when t hey accompanied wit h t wo funerals, at (an island of) sea one of whom had been st ruck by a cat apult , and t he ot her had passed away. Fadalah bin ` Ubayd sat by t he grave of t he man who had passed away and someone said t o him, "Are you neglect ing t he mart yr and not sit t ing by his grave'' He said, "I would not mind which of t hese t wo graves Allah would resurrect me from, for Allah says:

∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲィ ∠ ゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び⇔ゅレ∠ジェ ∠ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚレホ∠ コ⊥ ∇ゲΒ∠ ャ∠ (Those who emigrat ed in t he cause of Allah and aft er t hat were killed or died, surely, Allah will provide a good provision for t hem.)'' And he recit ed t hese t wo Ayat , t hen said, "What should I seek, O you servant , if I were t o ent er an ent rance t o His pleasure, and be provided good provisions By Allah, I would not mind which of t hese t wo graves Allah would resurrect me from.''

び͡ヮよ͡ ょ ∠ ホ͡ ヲ⊥ハ ゅ∠ョ モ ͡ ∇んヨ͡ よ͡ ょ ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ハ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (That is so. And whoever has ret aliat ed wit h t he like of t hat which he was made t o suffer....) Muqat il bin Hayan and Ibn Jurayj ment ioned t hat t his was revealed about a skirmish in which t he Companions encount ered some of t he idolat ors. The Muslims urged t hem not t o fight during

t he Sacred Mont hs, but t he idolat ors insist ed on fight ing and init iat ed t he aggression. So t he Muslims fought t hem and Allah grant ed t hem vict ory.

び∀ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヲｘ ヘ⊥ バ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah indeed is Oft -Pardoning, Oft -Forgiving.)

ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ア ⊥ ャ͡ヲ⊥Αヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ヴ͡プ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ア ⊥ ャ͡ヲ⊥Α ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク - ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ヴ͡プ モ ⊥ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ら∠ム∇ャや ヴ ぁ ヤ͡バ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ (61. That is because Allah merges t he night int o t he day, and He merges t he day int o t he night . And verily, Allah is All-Hearer, All-Seer.) (62. That is because Allah -- He is t he Trut h, and what t hey invoke besides Him, it is false. And verily, Allah -- He is t he Most High, t he Most Great .)

The Creator and Controller of this World is Allah Allah t ells us t hat He is t he Creat or Who direct s t he affairs of His creat ion as He wills. He t ells us:

￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョ マ ∠ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥ マ ͡ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ョ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ メ ぁ グ͡ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョ ゴぁ バ͡ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リｚヨョ͡ マ ∠ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ネ ⊥ ゴ͡ レ∠ゎヱ∠ - ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ヴ͡プ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ア ⊥ ャ͡ヲ⊥ゎヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ア ⊥ ャ͡ヲ⊥ゎ リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ Βあ ヨ∠ ャ∠や ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ Βあ ヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ ヱ∠ びゆ ∃ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョ ベ ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ あエ ∠ ∇ャや (Say: "O Allah! Possessor of t he power, You give power t o whom You will, and You t ake power from whom You will, and You endue wit h honor whom You will, and You humiliat e whom You will. In Your Hand is t he good. Verily, You are able t o do all t hings. You make t he night t o ent er int o t he day, and You make t he day t o ent er int o t he night , You bring t he living out of t he dead, and You bring t he dead out of t he living. And You give wealt h and sust enance t o whom You will, wit hout limit .) ぴ3:26-27び The meaning of "merging'' t he night int o t he day and

t he day int o t he night is t hat t he one encroaches upon t he ot her, and vice versa. Somet imes t he night is long and t he day is short , as in wint er, and somet imes t he day is long and t he night is short , as in summer.

び∀ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ∀ノΒ͡ヨ∠シ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, Allah is All-Hearer, All-Seer.) He hears what His servant s say, and He sees t hem, not hing about t hem or t heir movement is hidden from Him what soever. When Allah t ells us t hat He is cont rolling t he affairs of all t hat exist s, and t hat He j udges, and t here is none t o reverse His j udgement , He says:

びぁペエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (That is because Allah -- He is t he Trut h,) meaning, t he t rue God, besides Whom no one deserves worship. He is t he Possessor of t he great est sovereignt y; what ever He wills happens and what ever He does not will does not happen. Everyt hing is in need of Him and submit s t o Him.

び⊥モ͡ト⇒∠ら∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and what t hey invoke besides Him, it is false.) meaning, t he idols and false gods. Everyt hing t hat is worshipped inst ead of Him -- may He be exalt ed -- is false, because it can neit her bring benefit nor cause harm.

び⊥ゲΒ͡らム∠ ∇ャや ヴ ぁ ヤ͡バ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, Allah -- He is t he Most High, t he Most Great .) This is like t he Ayat :

び⊥ユΒ͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ぁ ヤ͡バ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He is t he Most High, t he Most Great ) ぴ42:4び

び͡メゅ∠バわ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Β͡らム∠ ∇ャやぴ (t he Most Great , t he Most High) ぴ13:9び. Everyt hing is subj ect t o His might and power; t here is no God except Him and no Lord besides Him, because He is t he Almight y and t here is none might ier t han He, t he Most High and t here is none higher t han He, t he Most Great and t here is none great er t han He. Exalt ed, sanct ified, and glorified be He far above all t hat t he evildoers say.

ウ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ダわ⊥ プ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚャ - ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∀ブΒ͡ト∠ャ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ り⇔ ゲｚ ツ ∠ ∇ガョ⊥ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ヴ͡プ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ - ギ⊥ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ぁ レ͡ ピ∠ ∇ャや マ ⊥ジ ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ マ ∠ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ∠ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ｚユを⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ゲ∠ャ サ ͡ ゅｚレャゅ͡よ び ケ∀ ヲ⊥ヘム∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡ やラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ (63. See you not t hat Allah sends down wat er from t he sky, and t hen t he eart h becomes green Verily, Allah is t he Most Kind and Court eous, Well-Acquaint ed wit h all t hings.) (64. To Him belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is on t he eart h. And verily, Allah -- He is Rich, Wort hy of all praise.) (65. See you not t hat Allah has subj ect ed t o you all t hat is on t he eart h, and t he ships t hat sail t hrough t he sea by His command He wit hholds t he heaven from falling on t he eart h except by His leave. Verily, Allah is for mankind, full of kindness, Most Merciful.) (66. It is He, Who gave you life, and t hen will cause you t o die, and will again give you life. Verily, man is indeed Kafurun.)

Signs of the Power of Allah This is a furt her sign of His might and power; t hat he sends t he winds t o drive t he clouds which deliver rain t o t he barren land where not hing grows, land which is dry, dust y and desiccat ed.

び∇ろよ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇れゴｚ わ∠ ∇ワや ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (but when We send down wat er on it , it is st irred (t o life), and it swells) ぴ22:5び.

び⇔りゲｚ ツ ∠ ∇ガョ⊥ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやウ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ダわ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (and t hen t he eart h becomes green) This indicat es t he sequence of event s and how everyt hing follows on according t o it s nat ure. This is like t he Ayah:

び⇔るピ∠ ∇ツョ⊥ る∠ ボ∠ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボヤ∠ガ ∠ プ∠ る⇔ ボ∠ ヤ∠ハ ∠ る∠ ヘ∠ ∇トレぁ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ

(Then We made t he Nut fah int o a clot , t hen We made t he clot int o a lit t le lump of flesh) ぴ23:14び. It was recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat bet ween each st age t here are fort y days. Allah's saying,

び⇔りゲｚ ツ ∠ ∇ガョ⊥ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやウ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ダわ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (and t hen t he eart h becomes green) means, it becomes green aft er being dry and lifeless. It was report ed from some of t he people of Al-Hij az t hat t he land t urns green aft er rainfall. And Allah knows best .

び∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∀ブΒ͡ト∠ャ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is t he Most Kind and Court eous, Well-Acquaint ed wit h all t hings.) He knows what seeds are in t he various regions of t he eart h, no mat t er how small t hey are. Not hing what soever is hidden from Him. Each of t hose seeds receives it s share of wat er and begins t o grow, as Luqman said:

ヴ͡プ ∇リム⊥ わ∠ プ∠ メ ∃ キ∠ ∇ゲカ ∠ ∇リョあ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ マ ⊥ ゎ∠ ラ͡ま べ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ ヴ ｚ レ∠ ら⊥ Αぴ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ヱぺ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ヱぺ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ ∇ガタ ∠ び ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∀ブΒ͡ト∠ャ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ("O my son! If it be equal t o t he weight of a grain of must ard seed, and t hough it be in a rock, or in t he heavens or in t he eart h, Allah will bring it fort h. Verily, Allah is Subt le, Well-Aware.) ぴ31:16び And Allah says:

ヴ͡プ ￢∠ ∇ょガ ∠ ∇ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ぴ び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (...so t hey do not worship Allah, Who brings t o light what is hidden in t he heavens and t he eart h.) ぴ27:25び

ヴ͡プ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ ホ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ リ͡ョ テ ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ザ ∃ よ͡ ゅ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ∇デケ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ び∃リΒ͡らョぁ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ (not a leaf falls, but He knows it . There is not a grain in t he darkness of t he eart h nor anyt hing fresh or dry, but is writ t en in a Clear Record.) ぴ6:59び

ヶ͡プ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇んョあ リ͡ョ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ∠ハ ゆ ⊥ ゴ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ Ι∠ヱ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ͡ョ ゲ∠ ピ∠ ∇タぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや び∃リΒ͡らョぁ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ (And not hing is hidden from your Lord, t he weight of a speck of dust on t he eart h or in t he heaven. Not what is less t han t hat or what is great er t han t hat but it is (writ t en) in a Clear Record.) ぴ10:61び

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (To Him belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is on t he eart h.) He owns all t hings, and He has no need of anyt hing besides Himself, everyt hing is in need of Him and in a st at e of submission t o Him.

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (See you not t hat Allah has subj ect ed t o you all t hat is on t he eart h,) animals, inanimat e t hings, crops and fruit s. This is like t he Ayah:

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ヮ∇レョあ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ (And has subj ect ed t o you all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h) ぴ45:13び, meaning t hat all of t his is a blessing and out of His kindness.

び͡ロゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ マ ∠ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and t he ships t hat sail t hrough t he sea by His command) That is because He subj ugat es it t o t hem and makes it easy for t hem. In t he raging sea wit h it s t empest uous waves, t he ships sail gent ly wit h t heir passengers and carry t hem wherever t hey want t o go for t rading and ot her purposes from one land t o anot her, so t hat t hey bring goods from here t o t here, or vice versa, what ever people want or need.

び͡ヮ͡ル∇ク͡み͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ∠ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ジ ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (He wit hholds t he heaven from falling on t he eart h except by His leave.) If He willed, He could give t he sky permission t o fall on t he eart h, and whoever is in it would be killed, but by His kindness, mercy and power, He wit hholds t he heaven from falling on t he eart h, except by His leave. He says:

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ゲ∠ャ サ ͡ ゅｚレャゅ͡よ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is for mankind, full of kindness, Most Merciful.) meaning, even t hough t hey do wrong. As Allah says elsewhere:

ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤニ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤあャ り∃ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヱ⊥グャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ゆゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギゼ ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ (But verily, your Lord is full of forgiveness for mankind in spit e of t heir wrongdoing. And verily, your Lord is severe in punishment ) ぴ13:6び.

ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び ケ∀ ヲ⊥ヘム∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡や (It is He, Who gave you life, and t hen will cause you t o die, and will again give you life. Verily, man is indeed Kafurun.) This is like t he Ayat :

ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠Β∇ェほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ゎヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ (How can you disbelieve in Allah Seeing t hat you were dead and He gave you life. Then He will give you deat h, t hen again will bring you t o life and t hen unt o Him you will ret urn.) ぴ2:28び,

ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ び͡ヮΒ͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや (Say: "Allah gives you life, t hen causes you t o die, t hen He will assemble you on t he Day of Resurrect ion about which t here is no doubt .'') ぴ45:26び,

び͡リ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ∇をや ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ΒΒ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ∇をや ゅ∠レわｚ ョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They will say: "Our Lord! You have made us t o die t wice, and You have given us life t wice!'') ぴ40:11び So how can you set up rivals t o Allah and worship ot hers besides Him when He is t he One Who is independent in His powers of creat ion, provision and cont rol of t he exist ence

び∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (It is He, Who gave you life,) means, He gave you life aft er you were not hing, and brought you int o exist ence.

び∇ユム⊥ Β͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and t hen will cause you t o die, and will again give you life.) means, on t he Day of Resurrect ion.

び∀ケヲ⊥ヘム∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡ やラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, man is indeed Kafurun.) meaning, denying.

マ ∠ レｚ ハ ⊥ ゴ͡ ⇒∠レΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ムシ ͡ ゅ∠ル ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ⇔ム∠ジレ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ モ あ ム⊥ ャあぴ ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヴ∠ヤ∠バ∠ャ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ネ ⊥ ∇キや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ボ⊥ プ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ∠ ⇒∠ィ ラ͡まヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ (67. For every nat ion We have made Mansak which t hey must follow; so let t hem not disput e wit h you on t he mat t er, but invit e t hem t o your Lord. Verily, you indeed are on t he st raight guidance.) (68. And if t hey argue wit h you, say: "Allah knows best of what you do.'') (69. "Allah will j udge bet ween you on t he Day of Resurrect ion about t hat wherein you used t o differ.'')

Every Nation has its Religious Ceremonies Allah t ells us t hat He has made Mansak for every nat ion. Ibn Jarir said, "This means t hat t here are Mansak for every Prophet 's nat ion.'' He said, "The origin of t he word Mansik in Arabic means t he place t o which a person ret urns repeat edly, for good or evil purposes. So t he Manasik (rit es) of Haj j are so called because t he people ret urn t o t hem and adhere t o t hem.'' If t he phrase "For every nat ion We have ordained religious ceremonies'' means t hat every Prophet 's nat ion has it s religious ceremonies as ordained by Allah, t hen t he phrase "So let t hem (t he pagans) not disput e wit h you on t he mat t er'' refers t o t he idolat ors. If t he phrase "For every nat ion We have ordained religious ceremonies'' means t hat it is t he mat t er of Qadar (divine decree), as in t he Ayah,

びゅ∠ヰΒあャ∠ヲョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ る∀ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ͡ モ ｙ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (For each nat ion t here is a direct ion t o which t hey face)ぴ2:148び Allah says here:

び⊥ロヲ⊥ムシ ͡ ゅ∠ル ∇ユワ⊥ ぴ (which t hey Nasikuh) meaning, which t hey must act upon. The pronoun here refers back t o t hose who have t hese religious ceremonies and ways, i.e., t hey do t his by t he will and decree of Allah, so do not let t heir disput e wit h you over t hat divert you from following t he t rut h. Allah says:

び∃ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヴ∠ヤバ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚま͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ネ ⊥ ∇キや∠ヱぴ (but invit e t hem t o your Lord. Verily, you indeed are on t he st raight guidance.) i.e., a clear and st raight pat h which will lead you t o t he desired end. This is like t he Ayah:

マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ろャ∠ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リハ ∠ ∠マルｚ ギぁ ダ ⊥ ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∠マよあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ネ ⊥ ∇キや∠ヱ (And let t hem not t urn you away from t he Ayat of Allah aft er t hey have been sent down t o you: and invit e t o your Lord) ぴ28:87び

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ボ⊥ プ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ∠ ⇒∠ィ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if t hey argue wit h you, say: "Allah knows best what you do.'') This is like t he Ayah:

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∠ヨ∠ハ ヴあャ モ⊥ボプ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ べｚヨョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゃΑ͡ゲよ∠ (And if t hey belie you, say: "For me are my deeds and for you are your deeds! You are innocent of what I do, and I am innocent of what you do!'') ぴ10:41び

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (Allah knows best of what you do.) This is a st ern warning and definit e t hreat , as in t he Ayah:

ヴ͡レ∇Βよ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツΒ͡ヘゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ (He knows best of what you say among yourselves concerning it ! Sufficient is He as a wit ness bet ween me and you!)ぴ46: 8び. Allah says here:

ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ (Allah will j udge bet ween you on t he Day of Resurrect ion about t hat wherein you used t o differ.) This is like t he Ayah:

∇ノら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ れ ∠ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ べ∠ヨ∠ミ ∇ユボ͡ わ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ネ ⊥ ∇キゅ∠プ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ぴ び∃ょ⇒∠わミ͡ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨ͡よ ろ ⊥ レ∠ョや∠￢ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ (So unt o t his t hen invit e, and st and firm as you are commanded, and follow not t heir desires but say: "I believe in what soever Allah has sent down of t he Book.'') ぴ42:15び

ラ ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び ∀ゲΒ͡ジ∠Α ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ラ ｚ ま͡ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ャ͡ク (70. Know you not t hat Allah knows all t hat is in t he heaven and on t he eart h Verily, it is (all) in t he Book. Verily, t hat is easy for Allah.)

Allah tells us how perfect is His knowledge of His creation, and that He encompasses all that is in the heavens and on earth. Not even t he weight of a speck of dust , or less t han t hat or great er escapes His knowledge in t he heavens or in t he eart h. He knows all t hings even before t hey happen, and He has writ t en t hat in His Book, Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz, as was report ed in Sahih Muslim from ` Abdullah bin ` Amr, who said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

れ ͡ や∠ヲヨｚジャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ペ ͡ も͡ ゅ∠ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ Α͡キゅ∠ボョ∠ ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ セ ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∩∃るレ∠ シ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ジ∇ヨガ ∠ よ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ «￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや (Allah issued His decrees concerning t he measurement and due proport ion of t he creat ures fift y t housand years before He creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, and His Throne was over t he wat er.) In t he Sunan, it was report ed from a group of t he Companions t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ヱ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩∇ょわ⊥ ∇ミや :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩⊥ユヤ∠ボ∠ ∇ャや ぶ ⊥ やペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョ メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠» ユ⊥ ヤ∠ボ∠ ∇ャや ン∠ゲイ ∠ プ∠ ∩∀リも͡ ゅ∠ミ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ∇ょわ⊥ ∇ミや :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨⊥ょわ⊥ ∇ミぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∀リ͡もゅ∠ミ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ (The first t hing t hat Allah creat ed was t he Pen. He said t o it , "Writ e!'' It said, "What should I writ e'' He said, "Writ e what will happen,'' so t he Pen wrot e everyt hing t hat will happen unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion.) Allah says:

び∀ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ラ ｚ ま͡ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, it is (all) in t he Book. Verily, t hat is easy for Allah.)

ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇メゴあ レ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ - ゲ∃ Β͡ダルｚ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∀ユ∇ヤ͡ハ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ロ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ͡プ フ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠レΒあよ∠ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ト∇ジΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギ⇒∠ムΑ∠ ゲ∠ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡ク リあョ ゲｙ ゼ ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ムゃ⊥ らあ ル∠ ほ⊥プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ワギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや (71. And t hey worship besides Allah ot hers for which He has sent down no aut horit y, and of which t hey have no knowledge; and for t he wrongdoers t here is no helper.) (72. And when Our clear Ayat are recit ed t o t hem, you will not ice a denial on t he faces of t he disbelievers! They are nearly ready t o at t ack wit h violence t hose who recit e Our Ayat t o t hem. Say: "Shall I t ell you of somet hing worse t han t hat The Fire which Allah has promised t o t hose who disbelieved, and worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion!'')

The Idolators' worship of others besides Allah and Their vehement rejection of the Ayat of Allah Allah t ells us t hat t he idolat ors, in t heir ignorance and disbelief, worship besides Allah ot hers which He has sent down no aut horit y for, i.e., no proof or evidence for such behavior. This is like t he Ayah:

ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ワ∇ゲよ⊥ Ι ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ネ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ (And whoever calls upon, besides Allah, any ot her god, of whom he has no proof; t hen his reckoning is only wit h his Lord. Surely, t he disbelievers will not be successful.) ぴ23:117び So Allah says here:

び∀ユ∇ヤハ ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇メゴあ レ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (for which He has sent down no aut horit y, and of which t hey have no knowledge;) meaning, t hey have no knowledge in t he subj ect t hat t hey fabricat e lies about ; it is only somet hing which was handed down t o t hem from t heir fat hers and ancest ors, wit h no evidence or proof, and it s origins lie in t hat which t he Shayt an beaut ified for t hem and made at t ract ive t o t hem. Allah warned t hem:

び∃ゲΒ͡ダルｚ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and for t he wrongdoers t here is no helper.) meaning, no one t o help t hem against Allah when He sends His punishment and t orment upon t hem. Then Allah says:

び∃れゅ∠レΒあ よ∠ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when Our clear Ayat are recit ed t o t hem, ) means, when t he Ayat of t he Qur'an and clear evidence and proof for Tawhid of Allah are ment ioned t o t hem, and t hey are t old t hat t here is no god besides Allah and t hat t he Messengers spoke t he t rut h,

びゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ト∇ジΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギ⇒∠ムΑ∠ ぴ (They are nearly ready t o at t ack wit h violence t hose who recit e Our Ayat t o t hem.) t hen t hey nearly at t ack and do harm t o t hose who bring proof t o t hem from t he Qur'an, and cause t hem harm using t heir t ongues and hands.

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say) O Muhammad t o t hese people,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ワギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡ク リあョ ゲｙ ゼ ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ムゃ⊥ らあ ル∠ ほ⊥プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠

(Shall I t ell you of somet hing worse t han t hat The Fire which Allah has promised t o t hose who disbelieved,) The fire and wrat h and t orment of Allah are far worse t han t hat wit h which you are t rying t o scare t he believing close friends of Allah in t his world. The punishment in t he Hereaft er for t hese deeds of yours is worse t han t hat what you claim you want t o do t o t he believers.

び⊥ゲΒ͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion!) how t errible is t he Fire as a final dest inat ion and abode!

び ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠シ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ぴ (Evil indeed it is as an abode and as a place t o rest in. ) ぴ25:66び

リ ∠ Αグ͡ ャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ モ ∀ ん∠ ョ∠ ゆ ∠ ゲ͡ ッ ⊥ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ヲ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔よゅ∠よク⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ リ∠ャ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グボ͡ レ∠わ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠よグぁ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇らヤ⊥∇ジΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ケギ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ - ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤ∇トヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ⊥ ャ͡ゅｚトャや ブ ∠ バ⊥ ッ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ び ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ン ｘ ヲ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ロ͡ ケ͡ ∇ギホ∠ ペ ｚェ ∠ (73. O mankind! A parable has been made, so list en t o it : Verily, t hose on whom you call besides Allah, cannot creat e a fly, even t hough t hey combine t oget her for t he purpose. And if t he fly snat ches away a t hing from t hem, t hey will have no power t o release it from t he fly. So weak are t he seeker and t he sought .) (74. They have not regarded Allah wit h His right ful est eem. Verily, Allah is All-St rong, All-Might y.)

The insignificance of the Idols and the foolishness of their Worshippers Here Allah point s out t he insignificance of t he idols and t he foolishness of t hose who worship t hem.

び∀モん∠ ョ∠ ゆ ∠ ゲ͡ ッ ⊥ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O mankind! A parable has been made,) meaning, a parable of t hat which is worshipped by t hose who are ignorant of Allah and who j oin ot hers as part ners wit h Him.

び⊥ヮャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ

(so list en t o it ) pay at t ent ion and underst and.

ゅ⇔よゅ∠よク⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ リ∠ャ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び⊥ヮャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや ヲ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ (Verily, t hose on whom you call besides Allah, cannot creat e a fly, even t hough t hey combine t oget her for t he purpose.) Even if all t he idols and false gods whom you worship were t o come t oget her t o creat e a single fly, t hey would not be able t o do t hat . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah recorded t he Marfu` report :

やヲ⊥ボヤ⊥∇ガΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∩ヶ͡ボ∇ヤガ ∠ ミ∠ (ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠)ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ » «るｚらェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ よ∠ ゅ∠よク⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ り⇔ ケｚ ク∠ ヶ͡ボ∇ヤカ ∠ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ("Who does more wrong t han one who t ries t o creat e somet hing like My creat ion Let t hem creat e an ant or a fly or a seed like My creat ion!'') This was also recorded by t he aut hors of t he Two Sahihs via ` Umarah from Abu Zur` ah from Abu Hurayrah, who said t hat t he Prophet said: a

ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ょ ∠ ワ∠ ク∠ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ» «り∠ゲΒ͡バセ ∠ やヲボ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∩⇔りケｚ ク∠ やヲ⊥ボヤ⊥∇ガΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∩ヶ͡ボ∇ヤガ ∠ ミ∠ (Allah says: "Who does more wrong t han one who t ries t o creat e (somet hing) like My creat ion Let t hem creat e an ant , let t hem creat e a grain of barley.'') Then Allah says:

び⊥ヮ∇レョ͡ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グボ͡ レ∠わ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠よグぁ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇らヤ⊥∇ジΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if t he fly snat ches away a t hing from t hem, t hey will have no power t o release it from t he fly.) They are unable t o creat e a single fly and, moreover, t hey are unable t o resist it or t ake revenge against it if it were t o t ake anyt hing from t he good and perfumed t hing on which it lands. If t hey want ed t o recover t hat , t hey would not be able t o, even t hough t he fly is t he weakest and most insignificant of Allah's creat ures. Allah says:

び⊥ゆヲ⊥ヤ∇トヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ⊥ ャ͡ゅｚトャや ブ ∠ バ⊥ ッ ∠ ぴ (So weak are t he seeker and t he sought .) Ibn ` Abbas said, "The seeker is t he idol and t he sought is t he fly.'' This was t he view favored by Ibn Jarir, and it is what is apparent from t he cont ext . As-Suddi and ot hers said, "The seeker is t he worshipper, and t he sought is t he idol.'' Then Allah says:

び͡ロケ͡ ∇ギホ∠ ペ ｚェ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ケギ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ

(They have not regarded Allah wit h His right ful est eem.) meaning, t hey have not recognized t he might and power of Allah when t hey wor- ship alongside Him t hose who cannot even ward off a fly, because t hey are so weak and incapable.

び∀ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ ン ｘ ヲ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is All-St rong, All-Might y.) means, He is t he All-St rong Who, by His might and power, creat ed all t hings.

ラ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ぺ⊥ギ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (And He it is Who originat es t he creat ion, t hen He will repeat it ; and t his is easier for Him) ぴ30:27び

び ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ ン͡ギ∇らΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ - ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠ゼ∠ャ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ズ ∠ ∇トよ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he punishment of your Lord is severe and painful. Verily, He it is Who begins and repeat s.) ぴ85:12-13び

びリ ⊥ Β͡わヨ∠ ∇ャや り͡ ヲｚ ボ⊥ ∇ャや ヱ⊥ク ベ ⊥ やｚコゲｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is t he Provider, Owner of power, t he Most St rong.) ぴ51:58び.

び∀ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ぴ (All-Might y) means, He has subj ugat ed and subdued all t hings, and t here is none t hat can resist Him or overcome His might and power, and He is t he One, t he Subduer.

ラ ｚ ま͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔シ ⊥ ケ⊥ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡ヘト ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ - ∀ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや び ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ョΙ ｙ や ノ⊥ ィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ (75. Allah chooses Messengers from angels and from men. Verily, Allah is All-Hearer, All-Seer.) (76. He knows what is before t hem, and what is behind t hem. And t o Allah ret urn all mat t ers.)

Allah chooses Messengers from the Angels and Messengers from Mankind Allah t ells us t hat He chooses Messengers from His angels as He wills by His law and decree, and He chooses Messengers from mankind t o convey His Message.

び∀ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is All-Hearer, All-Seer.) means, He hears all t hat His servant s say, and He sees t hem and knows who among t hem is deserving of t hat , as He says:

び⊥ヮ∠わ∠ャゅ∠シ͡ケ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (Allah knows best wit h whom t o place His Message) ぴ6:124び

ノ⊥ ィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ぴ び ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ョΙ ｙや (He knows what is before t hem, and what is behind t hem. And t o Allah ret urn all mat t ers.) He knows what will happen t o His Messengers and t he Message He sent t hem wit h, for none of t heir affairs are hidden from Him. He says:

び や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇ヌΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ハぴ ("The All-Knower of t he Ghayb (Unseen), and He reveals t o none His Ghayb.'')ぴ72:26び unt il His saying;

び⇔やキ∠ギハ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ヴ∠ダ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and He keeps count of all t hings.) ぴ72:28び So He, may He be glorified, is guarding t hem, and is Wit ness t o what is said about t hem. He is prot ect ing t hem and support ing t hem.

ラ͡まヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョ ∇ヒヤあよ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ヨ⊥ ダ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠シケ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ピヤｚよ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ び͡サゅｚレャや (O Messenger! Proclaim which has been sent down t o you from your Lord. And if you do not , t hen you have not conveyed His Message. Allah will prot ect you from mankind) ぴ5:67び.

∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや∠ヱ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇シや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥バミ∠ ∇ケや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ やヱ⊥ギ͡ヰ⇒∠ィ∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇プや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇ユム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠らわ∠ ∇ィや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ロ͡ ギ͡ ⇒∠ヰィ ͡ ペ ｚェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ͡プ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ⇒ｚヨシ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡よぺ∠ る∠ ヤｚョあ ァ ∃ ゲ∠ ェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ͡プ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホほ∠プ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ハや∠ヱ り∠ ヲ⇒∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダレｚ ャや ユ∠ ∇バル͡ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ャ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇バレ͡ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ (77. O you who believe! Bow down, and prost rat e yourselves, and worship your Lord and do good t hat you may be successful.) (78. And st rive hard in Allah's cause as you ought t o st rive. He has chosen you, and has not laid upon you in religion any hardship: it is t he religion of your fat her Ibrahim. He has named you Muslims bot h before and in t his (Qur'an), t hat t he Messenger may be a wit ness over you and you be wit nesses over mankind! So, perform t he Salah, give t he Zakah and hold fast t o Allah. He is your Mawla, what an Excellent Mawla and what an Excellent Helper!)

The Command to worship Allah and engage in Jihad It was report ed from ` Uqbah bin ` Amir t hat t he Prophet said:

∇ユャ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩͡リ∇Β∠ゎ∠ギ∇イ∠ジ͡よ ア あエ ∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥シ ∇ろヤ∠ツ あ プ⊥ » «ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ∇ぺゲ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ∇ギイ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ (Surat Al-Haj j has been blessed wit h t wo Saj dahs, so whoever does not prost rat e t hem should not read t hem.)

び͡ロギ͡ ⇒∠ヰィ ͡ ペ ｚェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ͡プ やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ ぴ (And st rive hard in Allah's cause as you ought t o st rive.) means, wit h your wealt h and your t ongues and your bodies. This is like t he Ayah:

び͡ヮゎ͡ ゅ∠ボゎ⊥ ペ ｚェ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ やぴ (Have Taqwa of Allah as is His due.) ぴ3:102び

び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠らわ∠ ∇ィや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He has chosen you,) means, ` O Ummah ぴof Islamび, Allah has select ed you and chosen you over all ot her nat ions, and has favored you and blessed you and honored you wit h t he noblest of Messengers and t he noblest of Laws.'

び∃ァゲ∠ ェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and has not laid upon you in religion any hardship) He has not given you more t han you can bear and He has not obliged you t o do anyt hing t hat will cause you difficult y except t hat He has creat ed for you a way out . So t he Salah, which is t he most import ant pillar of Islam aft er t he t wo t est imonies of fait h, is obligat ory, four Rak` ahs when one is set t led, which are short ened t o t wo Rak` ah when one is t raveling. According t o some Imams, only one Rak` ahs is obligat ory at t imes of fear, as was recorded in t he Hadit h. A person may pray while walking or riding, facing t he Qiblah or ot herwise. When praying opt ional prayers while t raveling, one may face t he Qiblah or not . A person is not obliged t o st and during t he prayer if he is sick; t he sick person may pray sit t ing down, and if he is not able t o do t hat t hen he may pray lying on his side. And t here are ot her exempt ions and dispensat ions which may apply t o t he obligat ory prayers and ot her dut ies. So t he Prophet said:

«る∠エ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや る͡ Βｚ ヘ͡ Β͡レエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ » (I have been sent wit h t he easy Hanifi way.) And he said t o Mu` adh and Abu Musa, when he sent t hem as governors t o Yemen:

«や∠ゲジ あ バ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ や∠ゲジ あ Α∠ ヱ∠ やゲあヘレ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ や∠ゲゼ あ よ∠ » (Give good news and do not repel t hem. Make t hings easy for t he people and do not make t he t hings difficult for t hem.) And t here are many similar Hadit hs. Ibn ` Abbas said concerning t he Ayah,

び∃ァゲ∠ ェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and has not laid upon you in religion any hardship), "This means difficult y.''

び∠ユΒ͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡よぺ∠ る∠ ヤｚョあ ぴ (It is t he religion of your fat her Ibrahim. ) Ibn Jarir said, "This refers back t o t he Ayah,

び∃ァゲ∠ ェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and has not laid upon you in religion any hardship) meaning, any difficult y.'' On t he cont rary, He has made it easy for you, like t he religion of your fat her Ibrahim. He said, "It may be t hat it means: adhere t o t he religion of your fat her Ibrahim.'' I say: This int erpret at ion of t he Ayah is like t he Ayah:

ゅ⇔レΑ͡キ ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ͡ルや∠ギワ∠ ヴ͡レルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ る∠ ヤｚョあ ゅ⇔ヨΒ∠ ホ͡ (Say: "Truly, my Lord has guided me t o a st raight pat h, a right religion, t he religion of Ibrahim, a Hanif) ぴ6:161び

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ⇒ｚヨシ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He has named you Muslims bot h before and in t his (Qur'an),) Imam ` Abdullah bin Al-Mubarak said, narrat ing from Ibn Jurayj , from ` At a', from Ibn ` Abbas: concerning Allah's saying,

び⊥モ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ⇒ｚヨシ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He has named you Muslims before) "This refers t o Allah, may He be glorified.'' This was also t he view of Muj ahid, ` At a', Ad-Dahhak, As-Suddi, Muqat il bin Hayyan and Qat adah. Muj ahid said, "Allah named you Muslims before, in t he previous Books and in Adh-Dhikr,

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ (and in t his) means, t he Qur'an.'' This was also t he view of ot hers, because Allah says:

∇リョ͡ リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠らわ∠ ∇ィや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ び∃ァゲ∠ ェ ∠ (He has chosen you, and has not laid upon you in religion any hardship) Then He urged t hem t o follow t he Message which His Messenger brought , by reminding t hem t hat t his was t he religion of t heir fat her Ibrahim. Then He ment ioned His blessings t o t his Ummah, whereby He ment ioned t hem and praised t hem long ago in t he Books of t he Prophet s which were recit ed t o t he rabbis and monks. Allah says:

び⊥モ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ⇒ｚヨシ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ

(He has named you Muslims bot h before) meaning, before t he Qur'an,

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ (and in t his.) Under t he explanat ion of t his Ayah, An-Nasa'i recorded from Al-Harit h Al-Ash` ari from t he Messenger of Allah , who said:

«ユｚレヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヶ あ ん͡ ィ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ る͡ Βｚ ヤ͡ワ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや ン∠ヲ∇ハギ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ハキ∠ ∇リョ∠ » (Whoever adopt s t he call of Jahiliyyah, will be one of t hose who will crawl on t heir knees in Hell.) A man said, "O Messenger of Allah, even if he fast s and performs Salah'' He said,

ヶ͡わャｚや ぶ ͡ や り͡ ヲ∠ ∇ハギ∠ よ͡ やヲ⊥ハ∇キゅ∠プ ∩ ヴｚヤタ ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠タ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » «ぶや キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚヨシ ∠ (Yes, even if he fast s and performs Salah. So adopt t he call of Allah whereby He called you Muslims and believers and servant s of Allah.)

￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ∠ラヲ⊥ム∠Β͡ャぴ び͡サゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (t hat t he Messenger may be a wit ness over you and you be wit nesses over mankind!) means, ` t hus We have made you a j ust and fair nat ion, t he best of nat ions, and all ot her nat ions will t est ify t o your j ust ice. On t he Day of Resurrect ion you will be,

び͡サゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ぴ (wit nesses over mankind),' because on t hat Day all t he nat ions will acknowledge it s leadership and it s precedence over all ot hers. Therefore, on t he Day of Resurrect ion t he t est imony of t he members of t his communit y will be accept ed as proof t hat t he Messengers conveyed t he Message of t heir Lord t o t hem, and t he Messenger will t est ify t hat he conveyed t he Message t o t hem.

び∠りヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ∇やヲヨ⊥ Β͡ホほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So perform t he Salah, give Zakah) means, respond t o t his great blessing wit h grat it ude by fulfilling your dut ies t owards Allah, doing t hat which He has enj oined upon you and avoiding t hat which He had forbidden. Among t he most import ant dut ies are est ablishing regular prayer and giving Zakah. Zakah is a form of beneficence t owards Allah's creat ures, whereby He has enj oined upon t he rich t o give a lit t le of t heir wealt h t o t he poor each year, t o help t he weak

and needy. We have already ment ioned it s explanat ion in t he Ayah of Zakah in Surat At Tawbah (9:5).

び͡ヮヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ハや∠ヱぴ (and hold fast t o Allah.) means, seek t he help and support of Allah and put your t rust in Him, and get st rengt h from Him.

び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He is your Mawla,) meaning, He is your Prot ect or and your Helper, He is t he One Who will cause you t o prevail against your enemies.

び⊥ゲΒ͡ダレｚ ャや ユ∠ ∇バル͡ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ャ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇バレ͡ プ∠ ぴ (what an Excellent Mawla and what an Excellent Helper!) He is t he best Mawla and t he best Helper against your enemies. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Haj j . May Allah bless our Prophet Muhammad and his family and Companions, and grant t hem peace; may Allah honor and be pleased wit h t he Companions and t hose who follow t hem in t rut h unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Mu'minun (Chapter - 23) Which was Revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ Κ ∠タ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョぁ ヲ͡ ∇ピヤｚャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バゼ ͡ ⇒∠カ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ͡ ⇒∠プ り͡ ヲ⇒∠ミゴｚ ヤ͡ャ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠ェ ∇ユヰ͡ ィ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ャ͡ ヴ∠ピわ∠ ∇よや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ョヲ⊥ヤョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠

∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キゅ∠バ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ￢∠ へ∠ケヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハケ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヰハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠レ⇒∠ョΙ ６ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠エΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ヲ∠ヤタ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ サ ∠ ∇ヱキ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をゲ͡ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をケ͡ ヲ∇ャや び-ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ (1. Successful indeed are t he believers.) (2. Those who wit h t heir Salah are Khashi` un.) (3. And t hose who t urn away from Al-Laghw.) (4. And t hose who pay t he Zakah.) (5. And t hose who guard t heir privat e part s.) (6. Except from t heir wives or t heir right hand possessions, for t hen, t hey are free from blame.) (7. But whoever seeks beyond t hat , t hen t hose are t he t ransgressors.) (8. Those who are fait hfully t rue t o t heir Amanat and t o t heir covenant s are Ra` un.) (9. And t hose who st rict ly guard t heir Salawat .) (10. These are indeed t he heirs. ) (11. Who shall inherit Firdaws. They shall dwell t herein forever.)

The Success is for the believers whose qualities are described here

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Successful indeed are t he believers) means, t hey have at t ained vict ory and are blessed, for t hey have succeeded. These are t he believers who have t he following charact erist ics:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バゼ ͡ ⇒∠カ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ Κ ∠タ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who wit h t heir Salah are Khashi` un.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said:

び∠ラヲ⊥バゼ ͡ ⇒∠カぴ "(Khashi` un) means t hose wit h fear and wit h t ranquillit y.'' This was also narrat ed from Muj ahid, Al-Hasan, Qat adah and Az-Zuhri. It was report ed from ` Ali bin Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat Khushu` means t he Khushu` of t he heart . This was also t he view of Ibrahim AnNakha` i. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "Their Khushu` was in t heir heart s.'' So t hey lowered t heir gaze and were humble t owards ot hers. Khushu` in prayer is only at t ained by t he one who has empt ied his heart t ot ally, who does not pay at t ent ion t o anyt hing else besides it , and who prefers it above all else. At t hat point it becomes a delight and a j oy for eyes, as in t he Hadit h recorded by Imam Ahmad and An-Nasa'i from Anas, who said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ヶ͡レ∇Βハ ∠ り⊥ ｚゲホ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩⊥￢ゅ∠ジレあ ャや∠ヱ ょ ⊥ Βあトャや ヶ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ょ ∠ らあ ェ ⊥» «りゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ (Fragrance and women have been made dear t o me, and Salah was made t he j oy of my eye.)

び ∠ラヲ⊥ッ͡ゲ∇バョぁ ヲ͡ ∇ピヤｚャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who t urn away from Al-Laghw.) refers t o falsehood, which includes Shirk and sin, and any words or deeds t hat are of no benefit . As Allah says:

び⇔ゅョやゲ͡ミ ∇やヱぁゲョ∠ ヲ͡ ∇ピヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヱぁゲョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And if t hey pass by Al-Laghw, t hey pass by it wit h dignit y)ぴ25:72び. Qat adah said: "By Allah, t here came t o t hem from Allah t hat which kept t hem away from t hat (evil).''

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ͡ ⇒∠プ り͡ ヲ⇒∠ミゴｚ ヤ͡ャ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Αグ͡ ャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who pay t he Zakah.) Most comment at ors say t hat t he meaning here is t he Zakah t hat is paid on wealt h, even t hough t his Ayah was revealed in Makkah, and Zakah was ordained in Al-Madinah in t he year 2 H. The apparent meaning is t hat t he Zakah t hat was inst it ut ed in AlMadinah is t he one based upon t he Nusub and t he specific amount s, apart from which it seems t hat t he basic principle of Zakah was enj oined in Makkah. As Allah says in Surat Al-An` am, which was also revealed in Makkah:

び͡ロキ͡ ゅ∠ダェ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚボェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱぴ (but pay t he due t hereof on t he day of t heir harvest , ) ぴ6:141び It could be t hat what is meant here by Zakah is purificat ion of t he soul from Shirk and filt h, as in t he Ayah:

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒ｚシキ∠ リ∠ョ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠カ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒ｚミコ∠ リ∠ョ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Indeed he succeeds who purifies himself (Zakkaha). And indeed he fails who corrupt s himself.) ぴ91:9-10び It could be t hat bot h meanings are int ended, purificat ion of t he soul and of one's wealt h, because t hat is part of t he purificat ion of t he soul, and t he t rue believer is one who pays at t ent ion t o bot h mat t ers. And Allah knows best .

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠ェ ∇ユヰ͡ ィ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ リ ∠ Β͡ョヲ⊥ヤョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥キゅ∠バ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ￢∠ へケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ピわ∠ ∇よや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ (And t hose who guard t heir privat e part s. Except from t heir wives and t heir right hand possessions, for t hen, t hey are free from blame. But whoever seeks beyond t hat , t hen t hose are t he t ransgressors.) means, t hose who prot ect t heir privat e part s from unlawful act ions and do not do t hat which Allah has forbidden; fornicat ion and homosexualit y, and do not approach anyone except t he wives whom Allah has made permissible for t hem or t heir right hand possessions from t he capt ives. One who seeks what Allah has made permissible for him is not t o be blamed and t here is no sin on him. Allah says:

び∠マャ͡ク ￢∠ へ∠ケヱ∠ ヴ∠ピわ∠ ∇よや リ ͡ ヨ∠ ヘ∠ レ∠ Β͡ョヲ⊥ヤョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (t hey are free from blame. But whoever seeks beyond t hat ) meaning, ot her t han a wife or slave girl,

び∠ラヱ⊥キゅ∠バ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ (t hen t hose are t he t ransgressors.) meaning , aggressors.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハケ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヰハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠レ⇒∠ョΙ ６ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (Those who are fait hfully t rue t o t heir Amanat and t o t heir covenant s) When t hey are ent rust ed wit h somet hing, t hey do not bet ray t hat t rust , but t hey fulfill it , and when t hey make a promise or make a pledge, t hey are t rue t o t heir word. This is not like t he hypocrit es about whom t he Messenger of Allah said:

ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩∠ゆグ∠ ミ∠ ゐ ∠ ギｚ ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ :∀ゐゅ∠ヤ∠を ペ ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ Α∠ へ» «ラゅ∠カ リ ∠ ヨ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇ぼや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠ブヤ∠∇カぺ∠ (The signs of t he hypocrit e are t hree: when he speaks he lies, when he makes a promise he breaks it , and when he is ent rust ed wit h somet hing he bet rays t hat t rust .)

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠エΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ヲ∠ ヤ∠タ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who st rict ly guard t heir Salawat .) means, t hey persist ent ly offer t heir prayers at t heir appoint ed t imes, as Ibn Mas` ud said: "I asked t he Messenger of Allah , ` O Messenger of Allah, which deed is most beloved t o Allah' He said,

«ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇ホ∠ヱ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや» (Prayer at t he appoint ed t ime.) I said, ` Then what ' He said,

«リ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲ∇ャや ゲぁ よ͡ » (Kindness t o one's parent s. ) I said, ` Then what ' He said,

«ぶや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰイ ͡ ∇ャや» (Jihad in t he way of Allah.) It was recorded in t he Two Sahihs. Qat adah said: "At t he fixed t imes, wit h t he proper bowing and prost rat ion.'' Allah begins and ends t his list of praisewort hy qualit ies wit h Salah, which is indicat ive of it s virt ue, as t he Prophet said:

ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇ハや∠ヱ ∩やヲ⊥ダ∇エゎ⊥ ∇リャ∠ヱ∠ やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇シや» ゅｚャま͡ ͡￢ヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ナ ⊥ プ͡ ゅ∠エΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥りゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ «リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ (Adhere t o right eousness, you will never be able encompass it all. Know t hat t he best of your deeds is Salah. None will preserve his Wuddu' except t he believer.) Having described t hem wit h t hese praisewort hy charact erist ics and right eous deeds, Allah t hen says:

サ ∠ ∇ヱキ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をゲ͡ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をケ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ (These are indeed t he heirs. Who shall inherit Firdaws. They shall dwell t herein forever.) It was recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ∩∠サ∇ヱキ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ャや ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ャほ∠∇シゅ∠プ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ぶ ∠ や ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ や∠クま͡» ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ ゲ⊥ イ ｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや テ ⊥シ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∇ハ∠ぺ «リヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ス ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや (If you ask Allah for Paradise, t hen ask him for Al-Firdaws, for it is t he highest part of Paradise, in t he middle of Paradise, and from it spring t he rivers of Paradise, and above it is t he (Might y)

Throne of t he Most Merciful.) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ヶ͡プ メ ∀ ゴ͡ ∇レョ∠ :ラ ͡ ゅ∠ャゴ͡ ∇レョ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» ケ∠ ゅｚレャや モ ∠カ ∠ ギ∠ プ∠ れ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ メ ∀ ゴ͡ ∇レョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや :ヮ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ゴ͡ ∇レョ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ゐ ∠ ケ͡ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥をケ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ « (There is not one among you who does not have t wo homes, a home in Paradise and a home in Hell. If he dies and ent ers Hell, t he people of Paradise will inherit his home, and t his is what Allah said: (These are indeed t he heirs.) Ibn Jurayj narrat ed from Layt h from Muj ahid:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥をケ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (These are indeed t he heirs.) "The believers will inherit t he homes of t he disbelievers because t hey were creat ed t o worship Allah Alone wit h no part ner or associat e. So when t hese believers did what was enj oined on t hem of worship, and t he disbelievers neglect ed t o do t hat which t hey were commanded t o do and for which t hey had been creat ed, t he believers gained t he share t hat t hey would have been given if t hey had obeyed t heir Lord. Indeed, t hey will be given more t han t hat as well.'' This is what was report ed in Sahih Muslim from Abu Burdah, from his fat her, from t he Prophet who said:

ゆ ∃ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∀サゅ∠ル る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢⊥ ヶ͡イΑ∠ » ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ ツ ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡メゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや メ ͡ ゅ∠ん∇ョぺ∠ «ン∠ケゅ∠ダレｚ ャや∠ヱ ͡キヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャや (Some of t he Muslims will come on t he Day of Resurrect ion wit h sins like mount ains, but Allah will forgive t hem and put (t heir burden of sin) on t he Jews and Christ ians.) According t o anot her version: t he Messenger of Allah said:

ゅ６Α͡キヲ⊥ヰ∠Α ユ∃ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ノ∠ プ∠ キ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や∠クま͡» «ケゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ミ⊥ ゅ∠ムプ͡ や∠グワ∠ :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩ゅ６Βル͡ や∠ゲ∇ダル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠

(When t he Day of Resurrect ion comes, Allah will appoint for every Muslim a Jew or Christ ian, and it will be said, "This is your ransom from t he Fire.'') ` Umar bin ` Abd Al-` Aziz asked Abu Burdah t o swear by Allah besides Whom t here is no ot her God, t hree t imes, t hat his fat her t old him t hat from t he Prophet , and he swore t hat oat h. I say: t his Ayah is like Allah's saying:

ゅ⇔Β∂ ボ͡ ゎ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ゐ ⊥ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ル ヴ͡わャｚや る⊥ ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ び (Such is t he Paradise which We shall give as an inherit ance t o t hose of Our servant s who have had Taqwa.) ぴ19:63び

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇をケ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ヴ͡わャｚや る⊥ ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (This is t he Paradise which you have been made t o inherit because of your deeds which you used t o do.) ぴ43:72び

ｚユを⊥ - リ ∃ Β͡デ リあョ る∃ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤシ ⊥ リ͡ョ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡ や ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ る∠ ヘ∠ ∇トレぁ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ｚユを⊥ - リ ∃ Β͡ムョｚ ケ∃ や∠ゲホ∠ ヴ͡プ る⇔ ヘ∠ ∇トル⊥ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヌハ ͡ る∠ ピ∠ ∇ツヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボヤ∠ガ ∠ プ∠ る⇔ ピ∠ ∇ツョ⊥ る∠ ボ∠ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠ガ∠プ る⇔ ボ∠ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ほゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔ヨ∇エャ∠ ユ∠ ⇒∠ヌバ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∇ヲジ ∠ ム∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚま͡ ｚユを⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡ボヤ͡⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らわ∠ プ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇らゎ⊥ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わΒあ ヨ∠ ャ∠ (12. And indeed We creat ed man out of an ext ract of Tin.) (13. Thereaft er We made him a Nut fah in a safe lodging.) (14. Then We made t he Nut fah int o a clot , t hen We made t he clot int o a lit t le lump of flesh, t hen We made out of t hat lit t le lump of flesh bones, t hen We clot hed t he bones wit h flesh, and t hen We brought it fort h as anot her creat ion. So Blessed is Allah, t he Best of creat ors.) (15. Aft er t hat , surely you will die.) (16. Then (again), surely you will be resurrect ed on t he Day of Resurrect ion.)

The Sign of Allah in the progressive creation of Man from Clay then from Nutfah and thereafter Allah t ells us how He init ially creat ed man from an ext ract of Tin. This was Adam, peace be upon him, whom Allah creat ed from sounding clay of alt ered black smoot h mud. Ibn Jarir said, "Adam was called Tin because he was creat ed from it .'' Qat adah said, "Adam was creat ed from

Tin.'' This is t he more apparent meaning and is closer t o t he cont ext , for Adam, upon him be peace, was creat ed from a st icky Tin, which is a sounding clay of alt ered black smoot h mud, and t hat is creat ed from dust , as Allah says:

ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ へ∠クま͡ ｚユを⊥ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲゎ⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ わ∠ レ∠ゎ (And among His signs is t his t hat He creat ed you (Adam) from dust , and t hen -- behold you are human beings scat t ered!) ぴ30:20び Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Musa t hat t he Prophet said:

ノ͡ Β͡ヨィ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰツ ∠ ら∠ ホ∠ る∃ ツ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ∇リョ͡ ュ∠ キ∠ へ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ケ͡ ∇ギホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ ヲ⊥レよ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠イプ∠ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ∩∠マャ͡ク リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ キ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇シほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ヂ ⊥ Β∠ ∇よほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェほ∠∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ «マ͡ャク リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ⊥ Βあ ト ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゑ ⊥ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (Allah creat ed Adam from a handful which He picked up from t hroughout t he eart h, so t he sons of Adam came fort h accordingly, red and whit e and black and in bet ween, evil and good and in bet ween.) Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi recorded somet hing similar. At -Tirmidhi said, "It is Sahih Hasan. ''

び⇔るヘ∠ ∇トル⊥ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Thereaft er We made him a Nut fah.) Here t he pronoun refers back t o humankind, as in anot her Ayah:

リ ͡ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡やペ ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ぺ∠ギ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ ￢∃ べｚョ リあョ る∃ ャ∠Κ ∠シ ⊥ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ジル∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ - リ ∃ Β͡デ リ͡ョ びリ ∃ Β͡ヰョｚ (and He began t he creat ion of man from clay. Then He made his offspring from semen of despised wat er.) ぴ32:7,8び meaning, weak, as He says:

ケ∃ や∠ゲホ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ - リ ∃ Β͡ヰョｚ ￢∃ べｚョ リあョ ユぁムボ⊥ヤ∇ガル∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ びリ ∃ Β͡ムョｚ (Did We not creat e you from a despised wat er Then We placed it in a place of safet y.) ぴ77:2021び meaning t he womb, which is prepared and readily equipped for t hat ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケギ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇バレ͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ケギ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ - ュ∃ ヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ケ∃ ギ∠ ホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (For a known period. So We did measure; and We are t he Best t o measure) ぴ77:22-23び meaning, for a known period of t ime, unt il it is est ablished and moves from one st age t o t he next . Allah says here,

び⇔るボ∠ ヤ∠ハ ∠ る∠ ヘ∠ ∇トレぁ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then We made t he Nut fah int o a clot ,) meaning, ` t hen We made t he Nut fah, which is t he wat er gushing fort h t hat comes from t he loins of man, i.e., his back, and t he ribs of woman, i.e., t he bones of her chest , bet ween t he clavicle and t he breast . Then it becomes a red clot , like an elongat ed clot .' ` Ikrimah said, "This is blood.''

び⇔るピ∠ ∇ツョ⊥ る∠ ボ∠ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠ガ∠プぴ (t hen We made t he clot int o a lit t le lump of flesh,) which is like a piece of flesh wit h no shape or feat ures.

び⇔ゅヨ⇒∠ヌハ ͡ る∠ ピ∠ ∇ツヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠ガ∠プぴ (t hen We made out of t hat lit t le lump of flesh bones,) meaning, ` We gave it shape, wit h a head, t wo arms and t wo legs, wit h it s bones, nerves and veins.'

び⇔ゅヨ∇エャ∠ ユ∠ ⇒∠ヌバ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∇ヲジ ∠ ム∠ プ∠ ぴ (t hen We clot hed t he bones wit h flesh,) meaning, ` We gave it somet hing t o cover it and st rengt hen it .'

びゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ほゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and t hen We brought it fort h as anot her creat ion.) means, ` t hen We breat hed t he soul int o it , and it moved and became a new creat ure, one t hat could hear, see, underst and and move.

び∠リΒ͡ボヤ͡⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らわ∠ プ∠ ぴ

(So Blessed is Allah, t he Best of creat ors.)

び∠ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ほゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and t hen We brought it fort h as anot her creat ion. ) Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "We change it from one st age t o anot her unt il it emerges as an infant , t hen it grows up t hrough t he st ages of being a child, adolescent , yout h, mat ure man, old man and senile man.'' Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad t hat ` Abdullah -- Ibn Mas` ud -- said, "The Messenger of Allah , t he Trut hful One, t old us:

リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヮ͡ ョあ ぺ⊥ リ ͡ ∇トよ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΒ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠マャ͡ク モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ る⇔ ボ∠ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩⇔るヘ∠ ∇トル⊥ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ オ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ⊥シ ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠マャ͡ク モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ る⇔ ピ∠ ∇ツョ⊥ ∩͡ヮヤ͡ィ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮホ͡ ∇コケ͡ :れ ∃ ゅ∠ヨヤ͡ミ∠ ノ͡ よ∠ ∇ケほ∠よ͡ ゲ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゥ ∠ ヱぁゲャや ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ャ ヵ͡グャｚや ヲ∠ プ∠ ∩∀ギΒ͡バシ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヶ ｘ ボ͡ セ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴｚわェ ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ͡ ヨ∠ バ∠ よ͡ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∀ネや∠ケク͡ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ モ ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ プ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ͡ ヨ∠ バ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ユ⊥ わ∠ ∇ガΒ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴｚわェ ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ͡ ヨ∠ バ∠ よ͡ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ ャ∠ モ ͡ ヨ∠ バ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ユ⊥ わ∠ ∇ガΒ⊥ プ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∀ネや∠ケク͡ ゅｚャま͡ «ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ プ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ (The creat ion of anyone of you is gat hered for fort y days in his mot her's st omach as a Nut fah, t hen he becomes a clot for a similar period of t ime, t hen he becomes a lit t le lump of flesh for a similar lengt h of t ime. Then t he angel is sent t o him and he breat hes t he soul int o it , and four t hings are decreed: his provision, his life-span, his deeds, and whet her he will be wret ched or blessed. By t he One besides Whom t here is no ot her god, one of you may do t he deeds of t he people of Paradise unt il t here is no more t han a forearm's lengt h bet ween him and it , t hen t he decree will overt ake him and he will do t he deeds of t he people of Hell and t hus ent er Hell. And a man may do t he deeds of t he people of Hell unt il t here is no more t han a forearm's lengt h bet ween him and it , t hen t he decree will overt ake him and he will do finally

t he deeds of t he people of Paradise and t hus ent er Paradise.) This was recorded by Al-Bukhari and Muslim.

び∠リΒ͡ボヤ͡⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らわ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So Blessed is Allah, t he Best of creat ors.) means, when Allah ment ions His abilit y and subt let y in creat ing t his Nut fah and t aking it from st age t o st age unt il it t akes t he shape of a perfect ly formed human being, He says,

び∠リΒ͡ボヤ͡⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らわ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So Blessed is Allah, t he Best of creat ors.)

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥わΒあ ヨ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Aft er t hat , surely you will die.) means, aft er first being creat ed from not hing, you will event ually die.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇らゎ⊥ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then (again), surely you will be resurrect ed on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) means, you will be creat ed anew.

び∠りゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や り∠ ほ∠∇ゼレｚ ャや ￢⊥ ヴ͡ゼレ⊥Α ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and t hen Allah will bring fort h t he creat ion of t he Hereaft er) ぴ29:20び means, t he Day of Ret urn, when t he souls will be rest ored t o t heir bodies and all of creat ion will be brought t o account . Everyone will be rewarded or punished according t o his deeds -- if t hey are good t hen he will be rewarded, and if t hey are bad t hen he will be punished.

リ ͡ハ ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ペ ∠ も͡ へ∠ゲデ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ ペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや (17. And indeed We have creat ed above you seven Tara'iq, and We are never unaware of t he creat ion.)

His Sign in the creation of the Heavens Aft er ment ioning t he creat ion of man, Allah t hen ment ions t he creat ion of t he seven heavens. Allah oft en ment ions t he creat ion of t he heavens and eart h alongside t he creat ion of man, as He says elsewhere:

ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ⊥ ∇ヤガ ∠ ャ∠ぴ び͡サゅｚレャや (The creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h is indeed great er t han t he creat ion of mankind) ぴ40:57び. A similar Ayah appears at t he beginning of Surat As-Saj dah, which t he Messenger of Allah used t o recit e on Friday mornings. At t he beginning it ment ions t he creat ion of t he heavens and eart h, t hen it says how man was creat ed from semen from clay, and it also discusses t he resurrect ion and rewards and punishment s, and ot her mat t ers.

び∠ペも͡ へ∠ゲデ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ぴ (seven Tara'iq.) Muj ahid said, "This means t he seven heavens.'' This is like t he Ayat :

びｚリヰ͡ Β͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ノ⊥ ∇らｚジャや れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ ゎ⊥ ぴ (The seven heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is t herein, glorify Him) ぴ17:44び

び ゅ⇔ホゅ∠らデ ͡ れ ∃ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨシ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (See you not how Allah has creat ed t he seven heavens one above anot her) ぴ71:15び

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ れ ∃ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨシ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バわ∠ ャあ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘやメ ⊥ ゴｚ レ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヅ ∠ ゅ∠ェぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ び (It is Allah Who has creat ed seven heavens and of t he eart h t he like t hereof. His command descends bet ween t hem (heavens and eart h), t hat you may know t hat Allah has power over all t hings, and t hat Allah surrounds all t hings in (His) knowledge) ぴ65:12び Similarly, Allah says here:

リ ͡ハ ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ペ ∠ も͡ へ∠ゲデ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ ペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや (And indeed We have creat ed above you seven Tara'iq, and We are never unaware of t he creat ion.) meaning, Allah knows what goes int o t he eart h and what comes out of it , what

comes down from heaven and what goes up int o it . He is wit h you wherever you are, and Allah sees what you do. No heaven is hidden from Him by anot her and no eart h is hidden from Him by anot her. There is no mount ain but He knows it s feat ures, and no sea but He knows what is in it s dept hs. He knows t he numbers of what is in t he mount ains, t he hills, t he sands, t he seas, t he landscapes and t he t rees.

ヴ͡プ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ ホ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ リ͡ョ テ ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ザ ∃ よ͡ ゅ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ∇デケ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ び∃リΒ͡らョぁ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ (And not a leaf falls, but He knows it . There is not a grain in t he darkness of t he eart h nor anyt hing fresh or dry, but is writ t en in a Clear Record.) ぴ6:59び

ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ゅｚレム∠ ∇シほ∠プ∠ ケ∃ ギ∠ ボ∠ よ͡ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケギ͡ ⇒∠ボャ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠ワク∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ょ ∃ ⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ∃ Β͡ガルｚ リあョ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ほゼ ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ぴ リ͡ョ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∀りゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ ヮ⊥ ミ͡ ヲ∠ プ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ ヤ͡ミ͡ Ζ ∠ ャあ ヒ∃ ∇らタ ͡ ヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇ワギぁ ャゅ͡よ ろ ⊥ ら⊥ レ∠ゎ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇Βシ ∠ ケ͡ ヲ⊥デ ゅ∠ヰ͡ルヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅｚヨョあ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ボ∇ジルぁ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇らバ͡ ャ∠ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∀りゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ ノ⊥ ヘ͡ ⇒∠レョ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ (18. And We sent down from t he sky wat er in measure, and We gave it lodging in t he eart h, and verily, We are able t o t ake it away.) (19. Then We brought fort h for you t herewit h gardens of dat e palms and grapes, wherein is much fruit for you, and whereof you eat .) (20. And a t ree t hat springs fort h from Tur Sinai, t hat grows oil, and relish for t he eat ers.) (21. And verily, in t he cat t le t here is indeed a lesson for you. We give you t o drink of t hat which is in t heir bellies. And t here are, in t hem, numerous benefit s for you, and of t hem you eat .) (22. And on t hem, and on ships you are carried.)

Allah's Signs and Blessings in the Rain, Vegetation, Trees and Cattle

Allah ment ions His innumerable blessings t o His servant s, whereby He sends down rain in due measure, meaning, according t o what is needed, not so much t hat it damages t he lands and buildings, and not so lit t le t o be insufficient for crops and fruit s, but what ever is needed for irrigat ion, drinking and ot her benefit s. If t here is a land t hat needs a lot of wat er for it s irrigat ion but it s fert ile soil would be carried away if rain fell on it , t hen Allah sends wat er t o it from anot her land, as in t he case of Egypt , which is said t o be a barren land. Allah sends t he wat er of t he Nile t o it , which brings red soil from Et hiopia when it rains t here. The wat er brings t he red soil which is used t o irrigat e t he land of Egypt , and what ever of it is deposit ed is used for agricult ure, because t he land of Egypt is infert ile, and most of it is sand. Glory be t o t he Subt le One, t he All-Knowing, t he Most Merciful, t he Forgiving.

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ゅｚレム∠ ∇シほ∠プ∠ ぴ (and We gave it lodging in t he eart h,) means, ` when t he wat er comes down from t he clouds, We cause it t o set t le in t he eart h, and We cause t he eart h t o absorb it and t he seeds et c. in t he eart h t o be nourished by it .'

び∠ラヱ⊥ケギ͡ ⇒∠ボャ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠ワク∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and verily, We are able t o t ake it away.) means, ` if We want ed t o cause it not t o rain, We could do so; if We want ed t o divert it t owards t he wilderness and wast elands, We could do so; if We want ed t o make it salt y so t hat you could not benefit from it for drinking or irrigat ion, We could do so; if We want ed t o cause it not t o be absorbed by t he eart h, but t o remain on t he surface, We could do so; if We want ed t o make it go deep underground where you would not be able t o reach it and you could not benefit from it , We could do so.' But by His grace and mercy, He causes sweet , fresh wat er t o fall on you from t he clouds, t hen it set t les in t he eart h and forms springs and rivers, and you use it t o irrigat e your crops and fruit s, and you drink it and give it t o your livest ock and cat t le, and you bat he and purify yourselves wit h it . To Him is due t he praise and t hanks.

び∃ょ⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ∃ Β͡ガルｚ リあョ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ほゼ ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ぴ (Then We brought fort h for you t herewit h gardens of dat e palms and grapes,) means, ` from t hat which We send down from t he sky, We bring fort h for you gardens and orchards which look beaut iful.'

び∃ゆゅ∠レ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ∃ Β͡ガルｚ リあョぴ (of dat e palms and grapes,) These were t he kinds of gardens t hat were known t o t he people of t he Hij az, but t here is no difference bet ween a t hing and it s count erpart . The people of each region have fruit s which are t he blessing of Allah given t o t hem, and for which t hey cannot properly t hank Allah enough.

び∀りゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ ヮ⊥ ミ͡ ヲ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚぴ (wherein is much fruit for you,) means, of all fruit s. As Allah says elsewhere:

モ ∠ Β͡ガレｚ ャや∠ヱ ∠ラヲ⊥わ∇Αゴｚ ャや∠ヱ ネ ∠ ∇ケゴｚ ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ら͡ レ⊥Αぴ び͡れゲ∠ ヨ∠ んｚ ャや あモミ⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ハΕ ∠ や∠ヱ (Wit h it ぴt he rainび He causes t o grow for you t he crops, t he olives, t he dat e palms, t he grapes, and every kind of fruit ) ぴ16:11び.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and whereof you eat .) This implies t hat you look at it s beaut y, wait for it t o ripen, t hen eat from it .

び∠￢べ∠レ∇Βシ ∠ ケ͡ ヲ⊥デ リ͡ョ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And a t ree t hat springs fort h from Tur Sinai,) means t he olive t ree. Tur means a mount ain. Some of t he scholars said, "It is called Tur if t here are t rees on it , and if it is bare it is called Jabal, not Tur. And Allah knows best . Mount Sinai is t he same as Tur Sinin, and it is t he mount ain on which Allah spoke t o Musa bin ` Imran, peace be upon him, and in t he surrounding mount ains t here are olive t rees.

び͡リ∇ワギぁ ャゅ͡よ ろ ⊥ ら⊥ レ∠ゎぴ (t hat grows oil,) Some scholars t hink it ぴlinguist icallyび means t hat it brings fort h oil. Ot hers say it ぴlinguist icallyび means "comes fort h wit h oil.'' Allah said,

び∃ヒ∇らタ ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and relish) meaning a condiment . according t o Qat adah.

び∠リΒ͡ ヤ͡ミ͡ Ζ ∠ ャあぴ (for t he eat ers. ) means, it cont ains a beneficial oil and condiment . ` Abd bin Humayd recorded in his Musnad and Tafsir from ` Umar t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

∇リョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ やヲ⊥レワ͡ キｚ や∠ヱ ろ ͡ ∇Αゴｚ ャゅ͡よ やヲ⊥ョギ͡ わ∠ ∇もや» «る∠ミケ∠ ゅ∠らョ⊥ り∃ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ (Eat (olive) oil as a condiment and apply it as oil, for it comes from a blessed t ree.) It was recorded by At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah. Allah's saying;

ヴ͡プ ゅｚヨョあ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ボ∇ジルぁ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇らバ͡ ャ∠ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∀りゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ ノ⊥ ヘ͡ ⇒∠レョ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡ルヲ⊥トよ⊥ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ (And verily, in t he cat t le t here is indeed a lesson for you. We give you t o drink of t hat which is in t heir bellies. And t here are, in t hem, numerous benefit s for you, and of t hem you eat . And on t hem and on ships you are carried), Here Allah ment ions t he benefit s He has given t o His servant s in cat t le, for t hey drink t heir milk which comes out from bet ween dung and blood, t hey eat t heir meat and clot he t hemselves wit h t heir wool and hair, t hey ride on t heir backs and carry heavy burdens on t hem t o far away lands, as Allah says:

ペ あゼ ͡ よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ Β͡ピヤ͡⇒∠よ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ギ∃ ヤ∠よ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ フ ∀ ヱ⊥ぼゲ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ザ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠Εや (And t hey carry your loads t o a land t hat you could not reach except wit h great t rouble t o yourselves. Truly, your Lord is full of kindness, Most Merciful.) ぴ16:7び

ゅ⇔ヨ⇒バ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠レΑ͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ミケ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤャｚク∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムヤ͡⇒∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ゼョ∠ ヱ∠ ノ⊥ ヘ͡ ⇒∠レョ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ (Do t hey not see t hat We have creat ed for t hem of what Our Hands have creat ed, t he cat t le, so t hat t hey are t heir owners. And We have subdued t hem unt o t hem so t hat some of t hem t hey have for riding and some t hey eat . And in t hem t here are benefit s for t hem, and drink. Will t hey not t hen be grat eful) ぴ36:71-73び

∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ル ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや や⊥ぽヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠ツ ｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ

∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ゅ∠レも͡ べ∠よや∠￢ ヴ͡プ や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ゅｚョ る⇔ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∂Ι ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ダよｚ ゲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ∀るレｚ ͡ィ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ びリ ∃ Β͡ェ (23. And indeed We sent Nuh t o his people, and he said: "O my people! Worship Allah! You have no ot her God but Him. Will you not t hen have Taqwa'') (24. But t he chiefs of his people who disbelieved said: "He is no more t han a human being like you, he seeks t o make himself superior t o you. Had Allah willed, He surely could have sent down angels. Never did we hear such a t hing among our fat hers of old.'') (25. "He is only a man in whom is madness, so wait for him a while.'')

The Story of Nuh, Peace be upon Him; and his people Allah t ells us about Nuh, peace be upon him, whom He sent him t o his people t o warn t hem of t he severe punishment of Allah and His severe vengeance on t hose who associat ed part ners wit h Him, defied His commands and disbelieved His Messengers:

Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ (and he said: "O my people! Worship Allah! You have no ot her God but Him. Will you not t hen have Taqwa'') Meaning, "Do you not fear Allah when you associat e ot hers in worship wit h Him'' The chiefs or leaders of his people said:

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠ツ ｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ョぴ (He is no more t han a human being like you, he seeks t o make himself superior t o you.) meaning, ` he is put t ing himself above you and t rying t o make himself great by claiming t o be a Prophet , but he is a human being like you, so how can he receive revelat ion when you do not '

び⇔るム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∂Ι ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Had Allah willed, He surely could have sent down angels.) meaning, ` if Allah had want ed t o send a Prophet , He would have sent an angel from Him, not a human being. We have never heard of such a t hing -- i.e., sending a man t o our forefat hers' -- t heir predecessors in t imes past .

び∀るレｚ ィ ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ぴ

(He is only a man in whom is madness,) means, ` he is crazy in his claim t hat Allah has sent him and chosen him from among you t o receive revelat ion.'

び∃リΒ͡ェ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ダよｚ ∠ゲ∠わ∠プぴ (so wait for him a while.) means, ` wait unt il he dies, put up wit h him unt il you are rid of him.'

びラ ͡ ヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヴ͡ル∇ゲダ ⊥ ルや ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (26. He said: "O my Lord! Help me because t hey deny me.'') (27. So, We revealed t o him: "Const ruct t he ship under Our Eyes and under Our revelat ion. Then, when Our command comes, and (wat er) gushes fort h from t he oven, t ake on board of each kind t wo, and your family, except t hose t hereof against whom t he Word has already gone fort h. And address Me not in favor of t hose who have done wrong. Verily, t hey are t o be drowned.'') (28. "And when you have embarked on t he ship, you and whoever is wit h you, t hen say: ` All t he praise be t o Allah, Who has saved us from t he people who are wrongdoers.'') (29. "And say: ` My Lord! Cause me t o land at a blessed landing place, for You are t he Best of t hose who bring t o land.''') (30. Verily, in t his, t here are indeed Ayat , for sure We are ever put t ing (men) t o t he t est .)

Allah tells us that Nuh, peace be upon him, invoked his Lord to help him against his people, as Allah ment ions in anot her Ayah:

び ∇ゲダ ͡ わ∠ ルゅ∠プ ∀ゆヲ⊥ヤ∇ピョ∠ ヴぁルぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ゅ∠ハギ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then he invoked his Lord (saying): "I have been overcome, so help (me)!'') ぴ54:10び. Here he says:

び͡ラヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヴ͡ル∇ゲダ ⊥ ルや ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ (O my Lord! Help me because t hey deny me.) At t hat point , Allah commanded him t o build a boat and t o make it st rong and firm, and t o carry t herein of every kind t wo, i.e., a male and a female of every species of animals, plant s and fruit s et c. He was also t o carry his family,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except t hose t hereof against whom t he Word has already gone fort h.) meaning, t hose whom Allah had already decreed were t o be dest royed. These were t he members of his family who did not believe in him, such as his son and his wife. And Allah knows best .

び∠ラヲ⊥ホゲ∠ ∇ピョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ͡プ ヴ͡レ∇らト ͡ ⇒∠ガゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And address Me not in favor of t hose who have done wrong. Verily, t hey are t o be drowned.) means, ` when you wit ness t he heavy rain falling, do not let yourself be overcome wit h

compassion and pit y for your people, or hope for more t ime for t hem so t hat t hey may believe, for I have decreed t hat t hey will be drowned and will die in t heir st at e of disbelief and wrongdoing.' The st ory has already been t old in det ail in Surah Hud, and t here is no need t o repeat it here.

モ ͡ ボ⊥ プ∠ マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ バ∠ ョｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ろ ∠ ∇Αヲ∠ わ∠ ∇シや や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ルゅｚイル∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや (And when you have embarked on t he ship, you and whoever is wit h you, t hen say: ` All t he praise be t o Allah, Who has saved us from t he people who are wrongdoers.') This is like t he Ayah:

マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤｚミ⊥ ァ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇コΕ ∠やペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ ｚユを⊥ ロ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ヲわ∠ ∇ジわ∠ ャ͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らミ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αヲ∠ わ∠ ∇シや や∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グゎ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡ルゲ͡ ∇ボョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ ン͡グャｚや リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ レ⊥ヨャ∠ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べｚルま͡ヱ∠ (and has appoint ed for you ships and cat t le on which you ride: In order t hat you may mount on t heir backs, and t hen may remember t he favor of your Lord when you mount t hereon, and say: "Glory t o Him Who has subj ect ed t his t o us, and we could never have it (by our effort s). And verily, t o Our Lord we indeed are t o ret urn!'') ぴ43:12-14び So, cert ainly, Nuh adhered t o what he was commanded, as Allah says elsewhere:

びゅ∠ワゅ∠シ∇ゲョ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワや∠ゲ∇イョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥らミ∠ ∇ケや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And he said: "Embark t herein: in t he Name of Allah will be it s (moving) course and it s (rest ing) anchorage...'')ぴ11:41び So Nuh ment ioned Allah at t he beginning of his j ourney and at t he end, and Allah said:

ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ゅ⇔ミ∠ケゅ∠らョぁ Ι ⇔ ゴ∠ レ⊥ョ ヴ͡レ∇ャゴ͡ ル∠ぺ ゆ あ ケｚ モ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ャゴ͡ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや (And say: ` My Lord! Cause me t o land at a blessed landing place, for You are t he Best of t hose who bring t o land.'')

び∃ろ⇒∠ΑΕ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily in t his, t here are indeed Ayat ,) means in t his event , which is t he saving of t he believers and t he dest ruct ion of t he disbelievers t here are signs, i.e., clear evidence and proof t hat t he Prophet s speak t he t rut h in t he Message t hey bring from Allah, may He be exalt ed, and t hat Allah does what He wills, and He is able t o do all t hings and knows all t hings.

び∠リΒ͡ヤわ∠ ∇らヨ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (for sure We are ever put t ing (men) t o t he t est .) means, ` We t ry Our servant s by means of sending t he Messengers.'

ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ル∇ゲホ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ル∇ほゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ｚユを⊥ ぴ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ Ζ∠ヨ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇プ∠ゲ∇ゎ∠ぺ∠ヱ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ￢͡ べ∠ボヤ͡よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ⇒Β∠エ∇ャや ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガャｚ や⇔ク͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠∇んョあ ⇔やゲ∠ゼ∠よ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ∠ ∇ガョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒ヌ͡ハヱ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ∇ユわｘョ͡ ゅ∠レゎ⊥ ゅ∠Βェ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ∇ラま͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ヨ͡ャ れ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βワ∠ れ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βワ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡をヲ⊥バ∇らヨ∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇エル∠ ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨル∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ゅ⇔よ͡グミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ プや ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅｚヨ∠ハ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヴ͡ル∇ゲダ ⊥ ルや ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡

ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ る⊥ エ ∠ ∇Βｚダャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ョギ͡ ⇒∠ル ｚリエ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ダΒ⊥ ｚャ モ ∃ Β͡ヤホ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ヤャあ ⇔やギ∇バら⊥ ∠プ ￢⇔ べ∠んビ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ (31. Then, aft er t hem, We creat ed anot her generat ion.) (32. And We sent t o t hem a Messenger from among t hemselves (saying): "Worship Allah! You have no ot her God but Him. Will you not t hen have Taqwa'') (33. And t he chiefs of his people who disbelieved and denied t he meet ing in t he Hereaft er, and whom We had given t he luxuries and comfort s of worldly life, said: "He is no more t han a human being like you, he eat s of t hat which you eat , and drinks of what you drink.'') (34. "If you were t o obey a human being like yourselves, t hen verily, you indeed would be losers.'') (35. "Does he promise you t hat when you have died and have become dust and bones, you shall come out alive'') (36. "Far, very far is t hat which you are promised!'') (37. "There is not hing but our life of t his world! We die and we live! And we are not going t o be resurrect ed!'') (38. "He is only a man who has invent ed a lie against Allah, and we are not going t o believe in him.'') (39. He said: "O my Lord! Help me because t hey deny me.'') (40. (Allah) said: "In a lit t le while, t hey are sure t o be regret ful.'') (41. So, t he Sayhah overt ook t hem in t rut h, and We made t hem as rubbish of dead plant s. So, away wit h t he people who are wrongdoers.)

The Story of ` Ad or Thamud Allah t ells us t hat aft er t he people of Nuh, He creat ed anot her nat ion. It was said t hat t his was ` Ad, because t hey were t he successors of t he people of Nuh. Or it was said t hat t hey were Thamud, because Allah says:

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ る⊥ エ ∠ ∇Βｚダャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So, t he Sayhah overt ook t hem in t rut h.) Allah sent t o t hem a Messenger from among t hemselves, and he called t hem t o worship Allah Alone wit h no part ner or associat e, but t hey belied him, opposed him and refused t o follow him because he was a human being like t hem, and t hey refused t o follow a human Messenger. They did not believe in t he meet ing wit h Allah on t he Day of Resurrect ion and t hey denied t he idea of physical resurrect ion. They said:

∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒ヌ͡ハヱ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ∇ユわｘョ͡ や∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ れ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βワ∠ れ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βワ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ∠ ∇ガョぁ (Does he promise you t hat when you have died and have become dust and bones, you shall come out alive (resurrect ed) Far, very far is t hat which you are promised!) meaning, very unlikely.

び⇔ゅよ͡グミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ プや ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ぴ (He is only a man who has invent ed a lie against Allah,) meaning, ` in t he Message he has brought t o you, and his warnings and promise of resurrect ion.'

ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ヴ͡ル∇ゲダ ⊥ ルや ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボレ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ͡ ヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ (and we are not going t o believe in him. He said: "O my Lord! Help me because t hey deny me.'') meaning, t he Messenger prayed against his people and asked his Lord t o help him against t hem. His Lord answered his prayer:

びリ ∠ Β͡ョギ͡ ⇒∠ル ｚリエ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ダΒ⊥ ｚャ モ ∃ Β͡ヤホ∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ((Allah) said: "In a lit t le while, t hey are sure t o be regret ful.'') meaning, ` for t heir opposit ion t owards you and t heir st ubborn rej ect ion of t he Message you brought t o t hem.'

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ る⊥ エ ∠ ∇Βｚダャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So, The Sayhah overt ook t hem in t rut h,) meaning, t hey deserved t hat from Allah because of t heir disbelief and wrongdoing. The apparent meaning is t hat t he Sayhah was combined wit h t he furious cold wind,

Ι ｚ ま͡ ン∠ゲΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タ∇ほプ∠ ゅ∠ヰよあ ケ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ゲ⊥ あョギ∠ ゎ⊥ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ム͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ (Dest roying everyt hing by t he command of it s Lord! So t hey became such t hat not hing could be seen except t heir dwellings!) ぴ46:25び

び⇔￢べ∠んビ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and We made t hem as rubbish of dead plant s.) means, t hey are dead and dest royed, like t he scum and rubbish left by a flood, i.e., somet hing insignificant and useless t hat is of no benefit t o anyone.

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ヤャあ や⇔ギ∇バら⊥ プ∠ ぴ (So, away wit h t he people who are wrongdoers.) As Allah's st at ement :

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (We wronged t hem not , but t hey were t he wrongdoers.) ぴ43:76び means, who are wrongdoers because of t heir disbelief and st ubborn opposit ion t o t he Messenger of Allah, so let t hose who hear t his beware of disbelieving in t heir Messengers.

ペ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅｚョ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ルヱ⊥ゲホ⊥ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ル∇ほゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ｚユを⊥ ぴ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲガ ͡ ∇⇒わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ィ ∠ ぺ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇バら∠ ∇ゎほ∠プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ⊥ヲ⊥シケｚ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ ｚモミ⊥ ン∠ゲ∇わゎ∠ Ι ｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ や⇔ギ∇バら⊥ プ∠ ゑ ∠ Α͡キゅ∠ェぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ (42. Then, aft er t hem, We creat ed ot her generat ions.) (43. No nat ion can advance t heir t erm, nor can t hey delay it .) (44. Then We sent Our Messengers in succession. Every t ime t here came t o a nat ion t heir Messenger, t hey denied him; so, We made t hem follow one anot her, and We made t hem as Ahadit h. So, away wit h a people who believe not !)

Mention of Other Nations Allah says:

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ルヱ⊥ゲホ⊥ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ル∇ほゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then, aft er t hem, We creat ed ot her generat ions.) meaning, nat ions and peoples.

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲガ ͡ ∇⇒わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ィ ∠ ぺ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ペ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅｚョぴ (No nat ion can advance t heir t erm, nor can t hey delay it .) means, t hey are t aken at t he appropriat e t ime, as decreed by Allah in His Book t hat is preserved wit h Him, before t hey were creat ed, nat ion aft er nat ion, cent ury aft er cent ury, generat ion aft er generat ion, successors aft er predecessors.

びン∠ゲ∇わゎ∠ ゅ∠レヤ∠シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then We sent Our Messengers in succession.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "(This means) following one anot her in succession.'' This is like t he Ayah:

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ン∠ギ∠ワ ∇リョｚ ユ⊥ヰ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ∠れヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚト∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ び⊥るヤ∠⇒∠ヤツ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ ∇リョｚ

(And verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming): "Worship Allah, and avoid Taghut (all false deit ies).'' Then of t hem were some whom Allah guided and of t hem were some upon whom t he st raying was j ust ified) ぴ16:36び.

び⊥ロヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ⊥ヲ⊥シケｚ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ ｚモミ⊥ ぴ (Every t ime t here came t o a nat ion t heir Messenger, t hey denied him;) meaning t he great er maj orit y of t hem. This is like t he Ayah:

Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ジエ ∠ Αぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ (Alas for mankind! There never came a Messenger t o t hem but t hey used t o mock at him.) ぴ36:30び

び⇔ゅツ∇バよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バ∠ら∇ゎ∠ほ∠プぴ (so We made t hem follow one anot her,) means, ` We dest royed t hem,' as Allah says:

び∃ゥヲ⊥ル ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ム∠ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And how many generat ions have We dest royed aft er Nuh!) ぴ17:17び

び∠ゑΑ͡キゅ∠ェぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We made t hem as Ahadit h) meaning, st ories and lessons for mankind, as Allah says elsewhere:

び∃ベゴｚ ヨ∠ ョ⊥ ｚモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホゴｚ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ゑ ∠ Α͡キゅ∠ェぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so, We made t hem as t ales (in t he land), and We dispersed t hem all t ot ally) ぴ34:19び.

リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ ロ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ヮ͡ ゃ͡ ヤ∠ョ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ - リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ゅ∠レヤ͡∇んョ͡ リ ͡ ∇Αゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ャ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤ⇒∠ハ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠

リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムプ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ヲ⊥よグｚ ム∠ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら͡ ⇒∠ハ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ムヤ∠∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ =(45. Then We sent Musa and his brot her Harun, wit h Our Ayat and manifest aut horit y,) (46. To Fir` awn and his chiefs, but t hey behaved insolent ly and t hey were people self-exalt ing (by disobeying t heir Lord).) (47. They said: "Shall we believe in t wo men like ourselves, and t heir people are obedient t o us wit h humilit y!'') (48. So, t hey denied t hem bot h and became of t hose who were dest royed.) (49. And indeed We gave Musa t he Script ure, t hat t hey may be guided.)

The Story of Musa, Peace be upon Him; and Fir` awn Allah t ells us t hat He sent Musa, peace be upon him, and his brot her Harun t o Fir` awn and his chiefs wit h decisive evidence and definit ive proof, but Fir` awn and his people were t oo arrogant t o follow t hem and obey t heir commands because t hey were human beings, j ust as previous nat ions had denied t he Message of t he human Messengers. They were of a similar ment alit y, so Allah dest royed Fir` awn and his chiefs, drowning t hem all in one day. He revealed t he Book t o Musa, i.e., t he Tawrah, in which were rulings, commands and prohibit ions, aft er He had dest royed Fir` awn and t he Egypt ians and seized t hem wit h a punishment of t he All-Might y, All-Capable t o carry out what He wills. Aft er Allah revealed t he Tawrah, Allah did not dest roy any nat ion wit h an overwhelming calamit y; inst ead, He commanded t he believers t o fight t he disbelievers, as He says:

ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ べ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ゲ∠ も͡ べ∠ダよ∠ ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚ∠バャｚ (And indeed We gave Musa -- aft er We had dest royed t he generat ions of old -- t he Script ure as an enlight enment for mankind, and a guidance and a mercy, t hat t hey might remember.) ぴ28:43び

ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αヱ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ヮ⊥ ｚョぺ⊥ヱ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∃ Β͡バョ∠ ヱ∠ ケ∃ や∠ゲホ∠ れ ͡ や∠ク り∃ ヲ∠ ∇よケ∠ (50. And We made t he son of Maryam and his mot her as a sign, and We gave t hem refuge on a Rabwah, Dhat Qarar, and Ma` in.)

` Isa and Maryam

Allah t ells us about His servant and Messenger ` Isa bin Maryam, peace be upon t hem bot h, and t hat He made t hem as a sign for mankind, i.e., definit ive proof of His abilit y t o do what He wills. For He creat ed Adam wit hout a fat her or a mot her, He creat ed Hawwa' from a male wit hout a female, and He creat ed ` Isa from a female wit hout a male, but He creat ed t he rest of mankind from bot h male and female.

び∃リΒ͡バョ∠ ヱ∠ ケ∃ や∠ゲホ∠ れ ͡ や∠ク り∃ ヲ∠ ∇よケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Α∠ヱや∠￢∠ヱぴ (and We gave t hem refuge on high ground, a place of rest , securit y and flowing st reams.) AdDahhak report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "Ar-Rabwah is a raised port ion of land, which is t he best place for veget at ion t o grow.'' This was also t he view of Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr and Qat adah. Ibn ` Abbas said,

び∃ケや∠ゲホ∠ れ ͡ や∠クぴ (Dhat Qarar)"A fert ile place.

び∃リΒ͡バョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and Ma` in) means wat er running on t he surface.'' This was also t he view of Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr and Qat adah. Muj ahid said: "A level hill.'' Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat

び∃リΒ͡バョ∠ ヱ∠ ケ∃ や∠ゲホ∠ れ ͡ や∠クぴ (Dhat Qarar and Ma` in) means t hat wat er was flowing gent ly t hrough it . Muj ahid and Qat adah said:

び∃リΒ͡バョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and Ma` in ) "Running wat er.'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded from Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib:

び∃リΒ͡バョ∠ ヱ∠ ケ∃ や∠ゲホ∠ れ ͡ や∠ク り∃ ヲ∠ ∇よケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Α∠ヱや∠￢∠ヱぴ (and We gave t hem refuge on a Rabwah, Dhat Qarar and Ma` in.) "It is Damascus.'' He said; "Somet hing similar was also narrat ed from ` Abdullah bin Salam, Al-Hasan, Zayd bin Aslam and Khalid bin Ma` dan.'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded from ` Ikrimah from Ibn ` Abbas t hat t his Ayah referred t o t he rivers of Damascus. Layt h bin Abi Sulaym narrat ed from Muj ahid t hat t he words;

び∃りヲ∠ ∇よケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αヱ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (and We gave t hem refuge on a Rabwah,) referred t o ` Isa bin Maryam and his mot her when t hey sought refuge in Damascus and t he flat lands around it . ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said:

び∃リΒ͡バョ∠ ヱ∠ ケ∃ や∠ゲホ∠ れ ͡ や∠ク り∃ ヲ∠ ∇よケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (on a Rabwah, Dhat Qarar and Ma` in.), "It is Ramlah in Palest ine.'' The most correct opinion on t his mat t er is t hat which was report ed by Al-` Awfi from Ibn ` Abbas, who said;

び∃リΒ͡バョ∠ ヱ∠ ケ∃ や∠ゲホ∠ れ ͡ や∠ク り∃ ヲ∠ ∇よケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Α∠ヱや∠￢∠ヱぴ (and We gave t hem refuge on a Rabwah, Dhat Qarar and Ma` in.) "Ma` in refers t o running wat er, and is t he river of which Allah ment ioned:

び⇔ゅΑ∂ ゲ͡ シ ∠ マ ͡ わ∠ ∇エゎ∠ マ ͡ よぁ ケ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (your Lord has provided a wat er st ream under you.)''ぴ19:24び Ad-Dahhak and Qat adah said;

び∃リΒ͡バョ∠ ヱ∠ ケ∃ や∠ゲホ∠ れ ͡ や∠ク り∃ ヲ∠ ∇よケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (on a high ground, a place of rest , securit y and flowing st reams.) refers t o Jerusalem. This -and Allah knows best -- is t he most apparent meaning, because it is ment io- ned in t he ot her Ayah, and part s of t he Qur'an explain ot her part s, so it is more appropriat e t o int erpret it by anot her Ayah, t hen t he Sahih Hadit hs, t hen ot her report s.

ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ぁゲャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ｚョぺ⊥ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヴあルま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バト ｚ ボ∠ わ∠ プ∠ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ェゲ͡ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゆ ∃ ∇ゴェ ͡ ぁモミ⊥ や⇔ゲ⊥よコ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁギヨ͡ ル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぺ∠ - リ ∃ Β͡ェ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ヨビ ∠ Ι ｚ モ∠よ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ネ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ジル⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡レよ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∃ ゅｚョ リ͡ョ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ (51. O Messengers! Eat of t he Tayyibat and do right eous deeds. Verily, I am Well-Acquaint ed wit h what you do.) (52. And verily, t his your religion is one religion, and I am your Lord, so have Taqwa.'') (53. But t hey have broken t heir religion among t hem int o sect s, each group rej oicing in what is wit h it .) (54. So, leave t hem in t heir error for a t ime.) (55. Do t hey t hink t hat in wealt h and children wit h which We prolong t hem) (56. We hast en unt o t hem wit h good t hings. Nay, but t hey perceive not .)

The Command to eat Lawful Food and to do Righteous Deeds Allah commands His servant s and Messengers, peace be upon t hem all, t o eat lawful food and do right eous deeds, which indicat es t hat eat ing what is lawful helps one t o do right eous deeds. The Prophet s, peace be upon t hem, did t his in t he most perfect manner, and did all kinds of good deeds in words, act ions, guidance and advice. May Allah reward t hem wit h good on behalf of t he people.

び͡ろ⇒∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ぴ (Eat of t he Tayyibat ) Sa` id bin Jubayr and Ad-Dahhak said, "This means lawful. In t he Sahih it says:

«ユ∠レピ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ハケ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヶ ∠ ら͡ ル∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ » (There is no Prophet who was not a shepherd.) They asked, "And you, O Messenger of Allah'' He said,

«るｚムョ∠ モ ͡ ∇ワほ∠ャ͡ テ∠Αケ͡ や∠ゲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ハ∇ケぺ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » (Yes, I used t o t end t he sheep of t he people of Makkah for a few Qirat s.) In t he Sahih, it says:

«ロ͡ギ∠Α ょ ͡ ∇ジミ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ キ∠ ヱ⊥ や∠キ ラ ｚ ま͡» (Dawud, upon him be peace, used t o eat from t he earnings of his own hand.) It was recorded in Sahih Muslim, Jami` At -Tirmidhi and Musnad Al-Imam Ahmad -- from whom t his version comes - t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

∩ゅ⇔らΒあ デ ∠ ゅｚャま͡ モ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∀ょΒあ ∠デ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ゅ∠Α» «リΒ͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ (O people, Allah is Tayyib and only accept s t hat which is Tayyib, and Allah commands t he believers as He had commanded t he Messengers by saying:

ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ぁゲャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヴあルま͡ (O Messengers! Eat of t he Tayyibat and do right eous deeds. Verily, I am Well-Acquaint ed wit h what you do.) ぴ23:51び and

ゅ∠ョ れ ͡ ゅ∠らΒあ デ ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ⇒Αぴ び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ (O you who believe! Eat of t he Tayyibat t hat We have provided you wit h)ぴ2:172び.) Then he ment ioned how a man may t ravel on a long j ourney, dust y and unkempt ,

ヮ⊥ ジ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ヤョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀ュやゲ∠ ェ ∠ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ゼョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀ュや∠ゲェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ バ∠ ∇トョ∠ ヱ∠ » ゅ∠Α :͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ ぁギヨ⊥ Α∠ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヵ ∠ グあ ビ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∀ュや∠ゲェ ∠ «マ͡ャグ∠ ャ͡ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠イわ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ヴｚルほ∠プ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α ゆ あ ケ∠ (and his food, drink and clot hing are unlawful, and he has nourished himself wit h what is unlawful, and he ext ends his hands t owards t he sky, saying, ` O Lord, O Lord!' -- how can his prayer be answered.) At -Tirmidhi said t hat it is "Hasan Gharib.''

The Religion of all the Prophets is Tawhid; and the Warning against splitting into different Groups

び⇔りギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ｚョぺ⊥ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, t his your religion is one religion,) means, ` your religion, O Prophet s, is one religion and one group, which is t he call t o worship Allah Alone wit h no part ner or associat e.' Allah said:

び͡ラヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and I am your Lord, so have Taqwa.) We have already discussed t his in Surat Al-Anbiya'. The phrase

び⇔りギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ぴ (one nat ion) is descript ive.

び⇔やゲ⊥よコ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バト ｚ ボ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ぴ (But t hey have broken t heir religion among t hem int o sect s,) t he nat ions t o whom Prophet s were sent .

び∠ラヲ⊥ェゲ͡ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゆ ∃ ∇ゴェ ͡ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ (each group rej oicing in what is wit h it .) means, t hey rej oice in t heir misguidance because t hey t hink t hat t hey are right ly-guided. Allah says, t hreat ening and warning:

び∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ヨビ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, leave t hem in t heir error) meaning t heir misguidance,

び∃リΒ͡ェ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (for a t ime.) means, unt il t he appoint ed t ime of t heir dest ruct ion comes. This is like t he Ayah:

び や⇔ギ∇Αヱ∠ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヤヰ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや モ ͡ ヰあ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So give a respit e t o t he disbelievers; deal gent ly wit h t hem for a while.) ぴ86:17び And Allah says:

フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ モ ⊥ ョ∠ Ι ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ヰ͡ ∇ヤΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケク∠ ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α (Leave t hem t o eat and enj oy, and let t hem be preoccupied wit h (false) hope. They will come t o know!) ぴ15:3び

- リ ∠ Β͡レよ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∃ ゅｚョ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁギヨ͡ ル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ｚ モ∠よ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ネ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ジル⊥ (Do t hey t hink t hat in wealt h and children wit h which We prolong t hem, We hast en unt o t hem wit h good t hings. Nay, but t hey perceive not .) means, ` do t hese deceived people t hink t hat what We give t hem of wealt h and children is because t hey are honored and precious in Our sight No, t he mat t er is not as t hey claim when t hey say,

び∠リΒ͡よグｚ バ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ や⇔ギ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ん∇ミぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ぴ (We are more in wealt h and in children, and we are not going t o be punished.) ぴ34:35び But t his t hinking is wrong, and t heir hopes will be dashed. We only give t hose t hings t o t hem in order t o make t hem go furt her (in sin) and t o give t hem more t ime.' Allah says:

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ｚ モ∠よぴ (but t hey perceive not .) as He says elsewhere:

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇らイ ͡ ∇バゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ (So, let not t heir wealt h nor t heir children amaze you; in realit y Allah's plan is t o punish t hem wit h t hese t hings in t he life of t his world...) ぴ9:55び

び⇔ゅヨ∠ ∇をま͡ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠キ∇ゴΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∇ヨル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (We post pone t he punishment only so t hat t hey may increase in sinfulness) ぴ3:178び.

∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ⊥ ケ͡ ∇ギわ∠ ∇ジレ∠ シ ∠ ゑ ͡ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ ゆ ⊥ あグム∠ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ͡ル∇ケグ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョあ (Then leave Me Alone wit h such as belie t his Qur'an. We shall punish t hem gradually from direct ions t hey perceive not . And I will grant t hem a respit e.) ぴ68:44-45び

び や⇔ギΒ͡ェヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ル∇ケク∠ ぴ (Leave Me Alone (t o deal) wit h whom I creat ed lonely.) unt il His saying:

び⇔やギΒ͡レハ ∠ぴ (opposing) ぴ74: 11-16び

ゅ∠ルギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユム⊥ よ⊥ あゲボ∠ ゎ⊥ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び⇔ゅエ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ∠ヘ∇ャコ⊥ (And it is not your wealt h, nor your children t hat bring you nearer t o Us, but only he who believes, and does right eous deeds...) ぴ34:37び And t here are many ot her Ayat which say similar t hings. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ∠ ジ ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヤ∇カぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ∠ ジ ∠ ホ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» ゅ∠ャ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ∇リョ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡ト∇バΑ⊥ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ ホ∠ や∠コ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩ｚょェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ゅｚャま͡ リ ∠ Αあギャや ヶ͡ト∇バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∩⊥ヮらｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ Αあギャや ぶ ⊥ や ロ⊥ ゅ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮル⊥ ゅ∠ジャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ヤホ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇ジΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∀ギ∇ら∠ハ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ジΑ⊥ «ヮ∠ボも͡ や∠ヲよ∠ ロ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ィ リ ∠ ョ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ (Allah has dist ribut ed your behavior t o you j ust as He has dist rit but ed your provision. Allah gives t he t hings of t his world t o t hose whom He loves and t hose whom He does not love, but He only gives religious commit ment t o t hose whom He loves. Whoever is given religious commit ment by Allah is loved by Him. By t he One in Whose Hand is my soul, no servant t ruly submit s unt il his heart and his t ongue submit , and he does not t ruly believe unt il his neighbor is safe from his harm.) They said, ` What is his harm, O Messenger of Allah' He said,

ュ∃ や∠ゲェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ⇔ャゅ∠ョ ∀ギ∇ら∠ハ ょ ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮヨ⊥ ∇ヤニ ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇ゼビ ∠» モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ベ ∠ ギｚ ダ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩͡ヮΒ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らΒ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ペ ∠ ヘ͡ ∇レΒ⊥ プ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ キ∠ や∠コ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚャま͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヰニ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ミ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇わΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∇レョ͡ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ￢͡ ヶ あジ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ ヶ あジ ｚ ャや ヲ⊥エ∇ヨΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや ヲ⊥エ∇ヨΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ゑ ∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∩͡リジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ ヶ あジ ｚ ャや ヲ⊥エ∇ヨΑ∠ «ゑΒ͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや (His wrongdoing and misbehavior. No person who earns unlawful wealt h and spends it will be blessed in t hat ; if he gives it in charit y, it will not be accept ed from him and if he leaves it behind (when he dies), it will be his provision in t he Fire. Allah does not wash away an evil deed wit h anot her, but he washes away evil deeds wit h good deeds, for impurit y cannot wash away wit h anot her impurit y.))

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョぁ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ る͡ Β∇ゼカ ∠ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よｚ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ユ⊥ワ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ る∀ ヤ∠ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヱｚ ∇やヲ∠ゎや￢ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボら͡ ⇒∠シ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゲ͡ ⇒∠ジΑ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ び (57. Verily, t hose who live in awe for fear of t heir Lord;) (58. And t hose who believe in t he Ayat of t heir Lord;) (59. And t hose who j oin not anyone as part ners wit h t heir Lord;) (60. And t hose who give t hat which t hey give wit h t heir heart s full of fear, because t hey are sure t o ret urn t o t heir Lord.) (61. It is t hese who hast en in t he good deeds, and t hey are foremost in t hem.)

Description of the People of Good Deeds

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョぁ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ る͡ Β∇ゼカ ∠ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who live in awe for fear of t heir Lord;) means, even t hough t hey have reached t he level of Ihsan and have fait h and do right eous deeds, t hey are st ill in awe of Allah and fear Him and His hidden plans for t hem, as Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "The believer combines Ihsan wit h awe, while t he disbelievers combine evil deeds wit h a sense of securit y.''

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よｚ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ユ⊥ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who believe in t he Ayat of t heir Lord;) means, t hey believe in His universal and legislat ive signs, as Allah says about Maryam, peace be upon her:

び͡ヮら͡ わ⊥ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよｚ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ∇ろホ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and she t est ified t o t he t rut h of t he Words of her Lord, and His Script ures) ぴ66:12び, meaning t hat she believed t hat what ever exist ed was by t he will and decree of Allah, and t hat what ever Allah decreed, if it was a command, it would be somet hing t hat He liked and accept ed; if it was a prohibit ion, it would be somet hing t hat He disliked and rej ect ed; and if it was good, it would be t rue. This is like t he Ayah:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who j oin not anyone (in worship) as part ners wit h t heir Lord;) meaning, t hey do not worship anyone or anyt hing else besides Him, but t hey worship Him Alone and know t hat t here is no god except Allah Alone, t he One, t he Self -Sufficient Mast er, Who does not t ake a wife or have any offspring, and t here is none comparable or equal unt o Him.

ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ る∀ ヤ∠ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヱｚ ∇やヲ∠ゎや￢ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ (And t hose who give t hat which t hey give wit h t heir heart s full of fear, because t hey are sure t o ret urn t o t heir Lord.) means, t hey give in charit y, fearing t hat it may not be accept ed from t hem because of some short coming or failure t o meet t he required condit ions of giving. This has t o do wit h fear and t aking precaut ions, as Imam Ahmad recorded from ` A'ishah: I said: "O Messenger of Allah,

び∀るヤ∠ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヱｚ ∇やヲ∠ゎや￢ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who give t hat which t hey give wit h t heir heart s full of fear...) Are t hese t he ones who st eal and commit Zina and drink alcohol while fearing Allah'' The Messenger of Allah replied:

ヮ⊥ レｚ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ペΑあギダ あ ャや ろ ∠ ∇レよ͡ ゅ∠Α ゲ∃ ∇ムよ∠ ヶ͡よぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇レよ͡ ゅ∠Α ∩ゅ∠ャ» ぶ ∠ やフ ⊥ ゅ∠ガΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ベ ⊥ ギｚ ダ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ダΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヶあヤダ ∠ Α⊥ ヵ͡グャｚや «モ∠ィヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ (No, O daught er of Abu Bakr. O daught er of As-Siddiq, t he one who prays, fast and gives in charit y, fearing Allah.) This was recorded by At -Tirmidhi, and Ibn Abi Hat im recorded somet hing similar in which t he Prophet said:

ラ ∠ ヲぁヤダ ∠ Α⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レｚ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ペΑあギダ あ ャや ろ ∠ ∇レよ͡ ゅ∠Α ゅ∠ャ» モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ ゅｚャぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホギｚ ダ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ダΑ∠ ヱ∠ :∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ «び͡れゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゲ͡ ⇒∠ジΑ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ

(No, O daught er of As-Siddiq, t hey are t he ones who pray and fast and give in charit y while fearing t hat it will not be accept ed from t hem, (It is t hese who hast en in t he good deeds.)) This is also how Ibn ` Abbas, Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi and Al-Hasan Al-Basri int erpret ed t his Ayah.

ペ ⊥ト ͡ レ∠Α ∀ゆゅ∠わ͡ミ ゅ∠レ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰバ∠ ∇シヱ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ブ ⊥ あヤム∠ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ り∃ ゲ∠ ∇ヨビ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇モよ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∀モ⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇リョあ や∠クま͡ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プゲ∠ ∇わョ⊥ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ⇒∠ハ Ι ∠ ゅｚレョあ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠∇イΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ムプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ ヴ͡わ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギホ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥ゎ や⇔ゲ͡ヨ⇒∠シ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ダム͡ レ∠ゎ ∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲイ ⊥ ∇ヰゎ∠ (62. And We t ask not any person except according t o his capacit y, and wit h Us is a Record which speaks t he t rut h, and t hey will not be wronged.) (63. Nay, but t heir heart s are covered from t his, and t hey have ot her deeds, besides which t hey are doing.) (64. Unt il when We seize t hose of t hem who lead a luxurious life wit h punishment ; behold, t hey make humble invocat ion wit h a loud voice. ) (65. Invoke not loudly t his day! Cert ainly you shall not be helped by Us.) (66. Indeed My Ayat used t o be recit ed t o you, but you used t o t urn back on your heels.) (67. In pride, t alking evil about it by night .)

The Justice of Allah and the Frivolity of the Idolators Allah t ells us of His j ust ice t owards His servant s in t his world, in t hat He does not t ask any person except according t o his capacit y, i.e., He does not burden any soul wit h more t han it can bear. On t he Day of Resurrect ion He will call t hem t o account for t heir deeds, which He has recorded in a writ t en Book from which not hing is omit t ed. He says:

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ペ ⊥ト ͡ レ∠Α ∀ゆゅ∠わ͡ミ ゅ∠レ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and wit h Us is a Record which speaks t he t rut h,) meaning, t he Book of deeds

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and t hey will not be wronged.) means, not hing will be omit t ed from t heir record of good deeds. As for evil deeds, He will forgive and overlook many of t hem in t he case of His believing servant s. Then Allah says, denouncing t he disbelievers and idolat ors of t he Quraysh:

び∃りゲ∠ ∇ヨビ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, but t heir heart s are covered), meaning because of negligence and misguidance,

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇リョあ ぴ (from t his.) means, t he Qur'an which Allah revealed t o His Messenger .

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ⇒∠ハ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∀モ⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey have ot her deeds, besides which t hey are doing.) Al-Hakam bin Aban narrat ed from ` Ikrimah, from Ibn ` Abbas t hat

び∀モ⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey have ot her deeds,) means, evil deeds apart from t hat , i.e., Shirk,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ⇒∠ハ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぴ (which t hey are doing.) means, which t hey will inevit ably do. This was also narrat ed from Muj ahid, Al-Hasan and ot hers. Ot hers said t hat t his phrase means:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ⇒∠ハ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∀モ⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey have ot her deeds, besides which t hey are doing.) It was decreed t hat t hey would do evil deeds, and t hey will inevit ably do t hem before t hey die, so t hat t he word of punishment may be j ust ified against t hem. A similar view was narrat ed from Muqat il bin Hayyan, As-Suddi and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam. This is a clear and appropriat e meaning. We have already quot ed from t he Hadit h of Ibn Mas` ud:

モ ͡ ヨ∠ バ∠ よ͡ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ ャ∠ モ ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ャ ヵ͡グャｚや ヲ∠ プ∠ » ∩∀ネや∠ケク͡ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴｚわェ ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠

ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ͡ ヨ∠ バ∠ よ͡ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ プ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ «ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ プ∠ (By Him besides Whom t here is no ot her God, a man may do t he deeds of t he people of Paradise unt il t here is no more t han a forearm's lengt h bet ween him and it , t hen t he decree will overt ake him and he will do t he deeds of t he people of Hell, t hen he will ent er Hell...)

∇ユワ⊥ や∠クま͡ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プゲ∠ ∇わョ⊥ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠∇イΑ∠ (Unt il when We seize t hose of t hem who lead a luxurious life wit h punishment ; behold, t hey make humble invocat ion wit h a loud voice.) means, when t he punishment and vengeance of Allah comes t o t hose who are living a happy life of luxury in t his world and overt akes t hem,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠∇イΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クま͡ぴ (behold, t hey make humble invocat ion wit h a loud voice.) means, t hey scream t heir calls for help. This is like t he Ayat :

-Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヤヰあ ョ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇バレｚ ャや ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ͡ル∇ケ∠ク∠ヱぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡エィ ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ムル∠ぺ べ∠レ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ (And leave Me Alone (t o deal) wit h t he beliers, t hose who are in possession of good t hings of life. And give t hem respit e for a lit t le while. Verily, wit h Us are fet t ers, and a raging Fire.) ぴ73:11-12び

リ ∠ Β͡ェ れ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱｚ ∇やヱ∠キゅ∠レプ∠ ラ ∃ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ ユ͡ヰヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ム∠ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ ∇ユミ∠ ぴ びソ ∃ ゅ∠レョ∠ (How many a generat ion have We dest royed before t hem! And t hey cried out when t here was no longer t ime for escape.) ぴ38:3び

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥ゎ Ι ∠ ゅｚレョあ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (Invoke not loudly t his day! Cert ainly you shall not be helped by Us. ) means, no one is going t o save you from what has happened t o you, whet her you scream aloud or remain silent . There is

no escape and no way out . It is inevit able: t he punishment will surely come t o you. Then Allah ment ions t he great est of t heir sins:

∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ムプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ ヴ͡わ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ダム͡ レ∠ゎ (Indeed My Ayat used t o be recit ed t o you, but you used t o t urn back on your heels.) meaning, when you were called, you refused and resist ed.

ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ⇒∠ミ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ハ ͡ キ⊥ や∠クま͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ムャ͡ク∠ ぴ び ゲ͡ Β͡らム∠ ∇ャや ヴ あ ⇒͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ユ⊥ ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠プ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ポゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ("This is because, when Allah Alone was invoked, you disbelieved, but when part ners were j oined t o Him, you believed! So t he j udgment is only wit h Allah, t he Most High, t he Most Great !'') ぴ40:12び

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲイ ⊥ ∇ヰゎ∠ や⇔ゲ͡ヨ⇒∠シ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ぴ (In pride, t alking evil about it by night .) refers t o t he arrogant pride which t he Quraysh felt because t hey believed t hemselves t o be t he guardians of t he Ka` bah, when in fact t his was not t he case. As An-Nasa'i said in his Tafsir of t his Ayah in his Sunan: Ahmad bin Sulayman t old us t hat ` Ubaydullah t old us from Isra` il, from ` Abdul-A` la t hat he heard Sa` id bin Jubayr narrat ing t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Talking by lat e night became disapproved of when t his Ayah was revealed:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲイ ⊥ ∇ヰゎ∠ や⇔ゲ͡ヨ⇒∠シ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ぴ (In pride, t alking evil about it by night .) He said, "They boast ed about t he Ka` bah and said, ` We are it s people who st ay up t alking at night .' They used t o boast and st ay up and t alk at night around t he Ka` bah. They did not use it for t he proper purpose, and so in effect t hey had abandoned it .''

ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ュぺ∠ メ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲよｚ ギｚ Α∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘや ∇ュぺ∠ -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム͡ レ⊥ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ペ ∂エ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ペ ∂エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢べ∠ィ ∇モよ∠ ∀るレｚ ͡ィ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボ∠Α

れ ͡ ギ∠ ジ ∠ ヘ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や ヲ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ワゲ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モよ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケ∇Ιや∠ヱ れ ⊥ ヲ⇒∠ヨｚジャや ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ほ∠∇ジゎ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ -∠ラヲ⊥ッ͡ゲ∇バョぁ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ミグ͡ よ͡ -リ ∠ Β͡ホコ͡ ゲャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ マ ∠ よ∂ ケ∠ ァ ⊥ や∠ゲガ ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ィ∇ゲカ ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ -ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ͡タ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギわ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らム͡ ⇒∠レャ∠ ヅ ͡ ゲ∂ダャや リ ͡ハ ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡ ∇Ιゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲぁイヤ∠ャｚ ∂ゲッ ⊥ リ∂ョ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヘゼ ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヨェ ͡ ケ∠ び-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ (68. Have t hey not pondered over t he Word, or has t here come t o t hem what had not come t o t heir fat hers of old) (69. Or is it t hat t hey did not recognize t heir Messenger so t hey deny him) (70. Or t hey say: There is madness in him Nay, but he brought t hem t he t rut h, but most of t hem are averse t o t he t rut h.) (71. And if Al-Haqq had followed t heir desires, verily, t he heavens and t he eart h, and whosoever is t herein would have been corrupt ed! Nay, We have brought t hem t heir reminder, but t hey t urn away from t heir reminder.) (72. Or is it t hat you ask t hem for some Kharj But t he recompense of your Lord is bet t er, and He is t he Best of t hose who give sust enance.) (73. And cert ainly, you call t hem t o t he st raight pat h.) (74. And verily, t hose who believe not in t he Hereaft er are indeed deviat ing far ast ray from t he pat h.) (75. And t hough We had mercy on t hem and removed t he dist ress which is on t hem, st ill t hey would obst inat ely persist in t heir t ransgression, wandering blindly.)

Refutation and Condemnation of the Idolators Allah denounces t he idolat ors for not underst anding t he Qur'an or cont emplat ing it s meaning, and for t urning away from it , even t hough t hey had been addressed specifically in t his Book which Allah did not reveal t o any Messenger more perfect and noble, and especially since no Book or warner had come t o t heir forefat hers who had died during t he Jahiliyyah. What t hese people, upon whom t he blessing had been best owed, should have done, was t o accept it and give t hanks for it , and t ry t o underst and it and act in accordance wit h it night and day, as was done by t he wise ones among t hem who became Muslim and followed t he Messenger , may Allah be pleased wit h t hem.

び∠メ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲよｚ ギｚ Α∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Have t hey not pondered over t he Word,) Qat adah said, "Because, by Allah, if t he people had pondered t he meaning and underst ood it properly, t hey would have found in t he Qur'an a det errent t o disobeying Allah. But t hey only paid at t ent ion t o t he Ayat which are not ent irely

clear, and so t hey were dest royed because of t hat .'' Then Allah says, denouncing t he disbelievers of t he Quraysh:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム͡ レ⊥ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or is it t hat t hey did not recognize t heir Messenger so t hey deny him) means, ` do t hey not recognize Muhammad and t he honest y, t rust wort hiness and good charact er wit h which he grew up among t hem Can t hey deny t hat or argue against it ' Ja` far bin Abi Talib said t o An-Naj ashi, t he king of Et hiopia: "O King, Allah has sent t o us a Messenger whose lineage, honest y and t rust wort hiness are known t o us.'' Al-Mughirah bin Shu` bah said somet hing similar t o t he deput y of Kisra when he want ed t o challenge him. When t he Byzant ine ruler Heraclius asked Abu Sufyan Sakhr bin Harb and his companions -- who were st ill disbelievers and had not yet become Muslim -- about t he charact erist ics, lineage, honest y and t rust wort hiness of t he Prophet , t hey could only t ell t he t rut h and admit t hat he was indeed noble and t rut hful.

び∀るレｚ ィ ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or t hey say: There is madness in him) This is a narrat ion of what t he Quraysh said about t he Prophet . They said t hat he was making up t he Qur'an by himself, or t hat he was crazy and did not know what he was saying. Allah t ells us t hat t heir heart s did not believe t hat , t hey knew t hat what t hey were saying about t he Qur'an was falsehood, for it had come t o t hem from t he Words of Allah and could not be resist ed or rej ect ed. So Allah challenged t hem and all t he people of t he world t o produce somet hing like it if t hey could -- but t hey could not and would never be able t o do so. So Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥ワゲ͡ ⇒∠ミ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, but he brought t hem Al-Haqq, but most of t hem are averse t o t he t rut h.)

Truth does not follow Whims and Desires Allah says;

れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒ヨ∠ ジ ｚ ャや れ ͡ ギ∠ ジ ∠ ヘ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や ヲ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びｚリヰ͡ Β͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ (And if Al-Haqq had followed t heir desires, verily, t he heavens and t he eart h, and whosoever is t herein would have been corrupt ed!) Muj ahid, Abu Salih and As-Suddi said, "Al-Haqq is Allah, may He be glorified.'' What is meant by t he Ayah is t hat if Allah had responded t o t he desires in t heir heart s and prescribed t hings accordingly, t he heavens and t he eart h and whosoever is t herein, would have been corrupt ed, i.e., because of t heir corrupt and inconsist ent desires. As Allah says of t hem elsewhere:

リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ⊥ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゴあ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ び∃ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ("Why is not t his Qur'an sent down t o some great man of t he t wo t owns'') ぴ43:31び Then He says:

び∠マよあ ケ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨジ ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぺ∠ぴ (Is it t hey who would port ion out t he mercy of your Lord) ぴ43:32び And Allah says:

や⇔クま͡ ヴあよケ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ リ ∠ も͡ へ∠ゴカ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムヤ͡∇ヨゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ヲャｚ モ⊥ホぴ び͡ベゅ∠ヘル͡Ηや る∠ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ムジ ∠ ∇ョΕ (Say: "If you possessed t he t reasure of t he mercy of my Lord, t hen you would surely hold back for fear of spending it . '') ぴ17:100び,

サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ や⇔ク͡みプ∠ マ ͡ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ル ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ボル∠ (Or have t hey a share in t he dominion Then in t hat case t hey would not give mankind even a Naqir.) ぴ4:53び All of t his goes t o show how incapable mankind is and how divergent and inconsist ent t heir ideas and desires are. Only Allah, may He be glorified, is Perfect in all His at t ribut es, words, act ions, laws, power and cont rol of His creat ion, may He be exalt ed and sanct ified. There is no God but He and no Lord besides Him. Then He says:

び∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ミグ͡ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠ゎ∠ぺ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, We have brought t hem t heir reminder,) meaning t he Qur'an,

び∠ラヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョぁ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (but t hey t urn away from t heir reminder.)

The Prophet does not ask for any payment, and he calls to the straight path.

び⇔ゅィ∇ゲカ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ほ∠∇ジゎ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or is it t hat you ask t hem for some Kharj ) Al-Hasan said, "A reward.'' Qat adah said, "Some payment .''

び∀ゲ∇Βカ ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ァ ⊥ や∠ゲガ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (But t he recompense of your Lord is bet t er,) means, you are not asking for any wages or payment or anyt hing for calling t hem t o right guidance, rat her you are hoping for a great reward from Allah, as He says:

Ι ｚ ま͡ ン ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ィぺ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ムわ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (Say: "What ever wage I might have asked of you is yours. My wage is from Allah only.'') ぴ34:47び

リ ∠ ョ͡ べ∠ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠∇シぺ∠ べ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヘヤあム∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Say: "No wage do I ask of you for t his, nor am I one of t he pret enders.'') ぴ38:86び

びヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ り∠ キｚ ヲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠∇シぺ∠ Ι ｚ モ⊥ホぴ (Say: "No reward do I ask of you for t his except t o be kind t o me for my kinship wit h you.'') ぴ42:23び

ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヴ∠バ∇ジΑ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ダ∇ホぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ び⇔やゲ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ Ι ｚ リ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ や (And t here came a man running from t he fart hest part of t he t own. He said: "O my people! Obey t he Messengers. Obey t hose who ask no wages of you, and who are right ly guided.'') ぴ35:20-21び

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギわ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らム͡ ⇒∠レャ∠ ヅ ͡ ゲ∠ ダ あ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠

(And cert ainly, you call t hem t o t he st raight pat h. And verily, t hose who believe not in t he Hereaft er are indeed deviat ing far ast ray from t he pat h.)

The Situation of the Disbelievers

ヅ ͡ ゲ∠ ダ あ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らム͡ ⇒∠レャ∠ (And verily, t hose who believe not in t he Hereaft er are indeed deviat ing far ast ray from t he pat h.) meaning, t hey have gone ast ray and deviat ed.

びラぴ (And t hough We had mercy on t hem and removed t he dist ress which is on t hem, st ill t hey would obst inat ely persist in t heir t ransgression, wandering blindly.) Here Allah t ells of t heir st ubbornness in t heir disbelief, in t hat even if He had removed t he calamit y from t hem and made t hem underst and t he Qur'an, t hey st ill would not follow it ; t hey would st ill persist in t heir disbelief and st ubborn t ransgression. This is like t he Ayat :

∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ヨ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ヨ∠ ∇シΕ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョぁ ユ⊥ワヱｚ ∇やヲｚャ∠ヲ∠わ∠ャ (Had Allah known of any good in t hem, He would indeed have made t hem list en; and even if He had made t hem list en, t hey would but have t urned away wit h aversion.) ぴ8:23び

ぁキゲ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠レ∠わ∇Β∠ヤΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘホ͡ ヱ⊥ ∇クま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇モよ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムル∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゆ ∠ グあ ム∠ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ⇒∠バャ∠ ∇やヱぁキケ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠ギよ∠ び⊥ヮ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ (And if (Lauw) you could but see when t hey will be held over t he (Hell) Fire! They will say: "Would t hat we were but sent back (t o t he world)! Then we would not deny t he Ayat of our Lord, and we would be of t he believers!'' Nay, it has become manifest t o t hem what t hey had been concealing before. But if t hey were ret urned (t o t he world), t hey would cert ainly revert t o t hat which t hey were forbidden.) ぴ6:27-29び Unt il His st at ement :

び∠リΒ͡をヲ⊥バ∇らヨ∠ よ͡ ぴ (be resurrect ed) This has t o do wit h t he knowledge of Allah. He knows about some- t hing t hat will not happen, but if it were t o happen, He knows how it would be. Ad-Dahhak report ed from Ibn ` Abbas: "Every- t hing t hat is implied in t he word:

び∇ヲャ∠ぴ (If (Lauw)) is somet hing t hat will never happen.''

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ や∠ク ゅ⇔よゅ∠よ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇エわ∠ プ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ハゲｚ ∠ツ∠わ∠Α ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ほ∠ゼ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジヤ͡∇らョ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クま͡ ギ∃ Α͡ギセ ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ り∠ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ノ∠ ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ぺ∠ケ∠ ク∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ブ ⊥ ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇モよ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヌハ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ゲゎ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇わョ͡ や∠ク￢͡ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱｚ Ι ｘや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ルぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ヱ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギハ ͡ ヱ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をヲ⊥バ∇らヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚル￢͡ ぺ∠ び ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ (76. And indeed We seized t hem wit h punishment , but t hey humbled not t hemselves t o t heir Lord, nor did t hey invoke wit h submission t o Him.) (77. Unt il, when We open for t hem t he gat e of severe punishment , t hen lo! t hey will be plunged in despair.) (78. It is He Who has creat ed for you hearing, eyes, and heart s. Lit t le t hanks you give.) (79. And it is He Who has creat ed you on t he eart h, and t o Him you shall be gat hered back.) (80. And it is He Who gives life and causes deat h, and His is t he alt ernat ion of night and day. Will you not t hen underst and) (81. Nay, but t hey say t he like of what t he men of old said.) (82. They said: "When we are dead and have become dust and bones, shall we be resurrect ed indeed'') (83. "Verily, t his we have been promised -- we and our fat hers before! This is only (from) t ales of t he ancient s!'') Allah's saying:

び͡ゆや∠グバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed We seized t hem wit h punishment ,) means, ` We t ried and t est ed t hem wit h difficult ies and calamit ies.' His saying:

び∠ラヲ⊥ハゲｚ ツ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (but t hey humbled not t hemselves t o t heir Lord, nor did t hey invoke wit h submission t o Him.) means, t hat did not det er t hem from t heir disbelief and resist ance, rat her t hey persist ed in t heir sin and misguidance,

び∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (but t hey humbled not t hemselves)

び∠ラヲ⊥ハゲｚ ツ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (nor did t hey invoke (Allah) wit h submission t o Him. ) t hey did not call on Him. This is like t he Ayah:

∇ろジ ∠ ホ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハゲｚ ツ ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠レシ ⊥ ∇ほよ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ Ι∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ (When Our t orment reached t hem, why t hen did t hey not humble t hemselves But t heir heart s became hardened,) ぴ6:43び Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Abu Sufyan came t o t he Messenger of Allah and said, ` O Muhammad, I ask you by Allah and by t he t ies of kinship bet ween us, we have been reduced t o eat ing camel hair and blood.' Then Allah revealed,

び∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨ∠プ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed We seized t hem wit h punishment , but t hey humbled not t hemselves.) This was also recorded by An-Nasa'i. The basis of t his Hadit h is in t he Two Sahihs, where it says t hat t he Messenger of Allah prayed against t he Quraysh when he could not make any headway wit h t hem, and he said,

«ブ⊥シヲ⊥Α ノ͡ ∇らジ ∠ ミ∠ ノ∃ ∇らジ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヶあレハ ͡ ぺ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» (O Allah, help me against t hem sending on t hem seven years (of famine) like t he seven (years of drought ) of Yusuf.)

∇ユワ⊥ や∠クま͡ ギ∃ Α͡ギセ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ や∠ク ゅ⇔よゅ∠よ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇エわ∠ プ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジヤ͡∇らョ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ (Unt il, when We open for t hem t he gat e of severe punishment , t hen lo! t hey will be plunged in despair.) When t he command of Allah reaches t hem and t he Hour comes t o t hem suddenly, and t hey are overt aken by t he punishment of Allah which t hey were not expect ing, t hen t hey will despair of any ease and goodness, and all t heir hopes will disappear.

A reminder of the Blessings of Allah and His immense Power Then Allah ment ions His blessings t o His servant s, in t hat He has given t hem hearing, sight and underst anding t hrough which t hey come t o know t hings and draw lessons from t hem, t he signs which at t est t o t he Oneness of Allah and indicat e t hat He is t he One Who does what He wills and chooses what He want s.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ぴ (Lit t le t hanks you give.) means, how lit t le you t hank Allah for t he blessings He has given you. This is like t he Ayah:

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ ろ ∠ ∇タゲ∠ ェ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And most of mankind will not believe even if you desire it eagerly.) ぴ12:103び Then Allah t ells us about His great power and overwhelming aut horit y, for He is t he One Who originat ed creat ion and put people in all part s of t he eart h, wit h t heir different nat ions, languages and charact erist ics, t hen on t he Day of Resurrect ion He will gat her t hem all t oget her, t he first of t hem and t he last , at a fixed t ime on a day appoint ed, and none will be left out , young or old, male or female, noble or insignificant , but all will be brought back as t hey were originally creat ed. Allah said:

び⊥ろΒ͡ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And it is He Who gives life and causes deat h,) meaning, He will bring t he scat t ered bones back t o life and cause t he deat h of t he nat ions,

び͡ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ブ ⊥ ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and His is t he alt ernat ion of night and day. ) meaning, by His command night and day are subj ugat ed, each of t hem following t he ot her and never depart ing from t hat pat t ern, as Allah says:

モ ⊥ ∇Βｚャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ャや ポ ∠ ケ͡ ∇ギゎ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ヰャ∠ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや Ι ∠ぴ び͡ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ペ ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠シ (It is not for t he sun t o overt ake t he moon, nor does t he night out st rip t he day)ぴ36:40び.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Will you not t hen underst and) means, do you not have minds t hat t ell you of t he Almight y, AllKnowing t o Whom all t hings are subj ugat ed, Who has power over all t hings and t o Whom all t hings submit

The Idolators thought that Resurrection after Death was very unlikely Then Allah t ells us about t hose who denied t he resurrect ion, who were like t he disbelievers who came before t hem:

ゅ∠レ∇わョ͡ や∠ク￢͡ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱｚ Ι ｘやメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇モよ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥をヲ⊥バ∇らヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚル￢͡ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヌハ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ゲゎ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ (Nay, but t hey say t he like of what t he men of old said. They said: "When we are dead and have become dust and bones, shall we be resurrect ed indeed'') They t hought it very unlikely t hat t his would happen aft er t hey had disint egrat ed int o not hing.

へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ルぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ヱ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギハ ͡ ヱ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ び ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ("Verily, t his we have been promised -- we and our fat hers before (us)! This is only t he t ales of t he ancient s!'') This means, "It is impossible t hat we could be brought back. This was said by t hose who learned it from t he books and disput es of t he ancient s.'' This denial and rej ect ion on t heir part is like t he Ayah where Allah t ells us about t hem:

∀りゲｚ ∠ミ や⇔ク͡ま マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - り⇔ ゲ∠ ガ ͡ ルｚ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヌハ ͡ ゅｚレミ⊥ や∠ク￢͡ ぺ∠ぴ ユ⊥ワ や∠クみ͡プ∠ - り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ∇ィコ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ - り∀ ゲ∠ ジ ͡ ⇒∠カ び り͡ ゲ∠ ワ͡ ゅｚジャゅ͡よ ("Even aft er we are crumbled bones'' They say: "It would in t hat case, be a ret urn wit h loss!'' But it will be only a single Zaj rah, When behold, t hey find t hemselves on t he surface of t he eart h alive aft er t heir deat h.) ぴ79:11-14び

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ る∃ ヘ∠ ∇トルぁ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ メ ∠ ゅホ∠ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ ∠ジ ͡ ル∠ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ - ∀リΒ͡らョｘ ∀ユΒ͡ダ∠カ ン͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ - ∀ユΒ͡ョケ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ユ∠ ⇒∠ヌバ͡ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ エ⊥Α リ∠ョ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ペ ∃ ∇ヤカ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ り∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ べ∠ワほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ (Does not man see t hat We have creat ed him from Nut fah. Yet behold he (st ands fort h) as an open opponent . And he put s fort h for Us a parable, and forget s his own creat ion. He says: "Who will give life t o t hese bones aft er t hey are rot t en and have become dust '' Say: "He will give life t o t hem Who creat ed t hem for t he first t ime! And He is t he All-Knower of every creat ion!'') ぴ36:77-79び

- ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま べ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ͡ ヨ∠ ャあ モ⊥ホぴ ゆ ぁ ケｚ リ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ シ ∠ び ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ノ͡ ∇らジ ｚ ャや れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや び-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ シ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ Β͡ ∇イΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢∇ヴセ ∠ ∂モミ⊥ れ ⊥ ヲム⊥ ヤ∠ョ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ リ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ シ ∠ -∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ケ⊥ ゅ∠イΑ⊥

∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ペ ∂エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モよ∠ -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲエ ∠ ∇ジゎ⊥ ヴｚルほ∠プ∠ び-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ (84. Say: "Whose is t he eart h and whosoever is t herein If you know!'') (85. They will say: "It is Allah's!'' Say: "Will you not t hen remember'') (86. Say: "Who is (t he) Lord of t he seven heavens, and (t he) Lord of t he Great Throne'') (87. They will say: "Allah.'' Say: "Will you not t hen have Taqwa'') (88. Say: "In Whose Hand is t he sovereignt y of everyt hing And He prot ect s, while against Whom t here is no prot ect or, if you know'') (89. They will say: "(All t hat belongs) t o Allah.'' Say: "How t hen are you deceived and t urn away from t he t rut h'') (90. Nay, but We have brought t hem t he t rut h, and verily, t hey are liars.)

The Idolators believe in Tawhid Ar-Rububiyyah, which requires them to believe in Tawhid Al-Uluhiyyah Allah st at es t hat t he fact t hat He is One and t hat He is independent in His creat ion, cont rol, dominion and guides one t o realize t hat t here is no God except Him and t hat none should be worshipped except Him Alone, wit h no part ner or associat e. He t ells His Messenger Muhammad t o say t o t he idolat ors who worship ot hers besides Him, even t hough t hey admit His Lordship, t hat He has no part ner in Lordship. But despit e t his t hey st ill at t ribut ed part ners in divinit y t o Him, and worshipped ot hers besides Him even t hough t hey recognized t he fact t hat t hose whom t hey worshipped could not creat e anyt hing, did not own anyt hing, nor do t hey have any cont rol over anyt hing. However, t hey st ill believed t hat t hese creat ures could bring t hem closer t o Allah,

びヴ∠ヘ∇ャコ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠ルヲ⊥よゲあ ボ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (We worship t hem only t hat t hey may bring us near t o Allah) ぴ39:3び. So Allah says:

びべ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ͡ ヨ∠ ャあ モ⊥ホぴ (Say: "Whose is t he eart h and whosoever is t herein'') meaning, "Who is t he Owner Who has creat ed it and what ever is in it of animals, plant s, fruit s and all ot her kinds of creat ion''

び͡ヮヤｚャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ジ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まぴ ("If you know!'' They will say: "It is Allah's!'') means, t hey will admit t hat t his belongs t o Allah Alone wit h no part ner or associat e. If t hat is t he case,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Will you not t hen remember'') t hat none should be worshipped except t he Creat or and Provider.

ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ノ͡ ∇らジ ｚ ャや れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ぁ ケｚ リ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや (Say: "Who is Lord of t he seven heavens, and Lord of t he Great Throne'') means, "Who is t he Creat or of t he higher realm wit h it s planet s, light s and angels who submit t o Him in all regions and in all direct ions Who is t he Lord of t he Great Throne, which is t he highest of all creat ed t hings'' Allah says here:

び͡ユΒ͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and Lord of t he Great Throne), meaning t he Might y Throne. At t he end of t he Surah, Allah says:

び͡ユΑ͡ゲム∠ ∇ャや ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ぴ (t he Lord of t he Supreme Throne!) ぴ23:116び, meaning splendid and magnificent . The Throne combines t he feat ures of height and vast ness wit h splendor and magnificence. This is why it was said t hat it is made of red rubies. Ibn Mas` ud said, "There is no night or day wit h your Lord, and t he light of t he Throne is from t he Light of His Face.''

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ シ ∠ぴ (They will say: "Allah.'' Say: "Will you not t hen have Taqwa'') meaning, since you admit t hat He is t he Lord of t he heavens and t he Lord of t he Might y Throne, will you not fear His punishment for worshipping ot hers besides Him and associat ing ot hers wit h Him

び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムヤ∠ョ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ リ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "In Whose Hand is t he sovereignt y of everyt hing'') i.e., sovereignt y is in His Hands.

びべ∠ヰわ͡ Β∠ タ ͡ ゅ∠レよ͡ ∀グ͡カや￢ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅｚョぴ (There is not a moving creat ure but He has grasp of it s forelock) ぴ11:56び. meaning, He has cont rol over it . The Messenger of Allah used t o say,

«ロ͡ギΒ∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠ャ» (By t he One in Whose hand is my soul.) When he swore an oat h, he would say,

«ゆヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ヤあボ∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ャ»

(By t he One Who t urns over (cont rols) t he heart s.) He, may He be glorified, is t he Creat or, t he Sovereign, t he Cont roller,

び∠ラヲヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ケ⊥ ゅ∠イΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ Β͡ ∇イΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He prot ect s (all), while against Whom t here is no prot ect or, if you know) Among t he Arabs, if a leader announced his prot ect ion t o a person, no one could go against him in t hat , yet no one could offer prot ect ion against t hat leader. Allah says:

び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ケ⊥ ゅ∠イΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ Β͡ ∇イΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He prot ect s (all), while against Whom t here is no prot ect or, ) meaning, He is t he great est Mast er, and t here is none great er t han Him. His is t he power t o creat e and t o command, and none can overt urn or oppose His ruling. What He wills happens, and what He does not , will not happen. Allah says:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ メ ⊥ ほ∠∇ジΑ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (He cannot be quest ioned about what He does, while t hey will be quest ioned.) ぴ21:23び He cannot be asked about what He does because of His great ness, Pride, overwhelming power, wisdom and j ust ice, but all of His creat ion will be asked about what t hey did, as Allah says:

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚヨハ ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ヤ∠⇒∠∇ジレ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, by your Lord, We shall cert ainly call all of t hem t o account . For all t hat t hey used t o do.) ぴ15:92-93び

び͡ヮヤｚャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ シ ∠ぴ (They will say: "(All t hat belongs) t o Allah.'') means, t hey will admit t hat t he Almight y Mast er Who prot ect s all while against Him t here is no prot ect or is Allah Alone, wit h no part ner or associat e.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲエ ∠ ∇ジゎ⊥ ヴｚルほ∠プ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "How t hen are you deceived and t urn away from t he t rut h'') means, how can your minds accept t he idea of worshipping ot hers besides Him when you recognize and acknowledge t hat Then Allah says:

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠ゎ∠ぺ ∇モよ∠ ぴ

(Nay, but We have brought t hem t he t rut h,) which is t he declarat ion t hat t here is no god wort hy of worship besides Allah, and t he est ablishment of clear, definit ive and sound proof t o t hat effect ,

び∠ラヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and verily, t hey are liars.) means, in t heir worship of ot hers alongside Allah when t hey have no evidence for doing so, as Allah says at t he end of t his Surah:

ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ワ∇ゲよ⊥ Ι ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ネ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ (And whoever invokes, besides Allah, any ot her god, of whom he has no proof; t hen his reckoning is only wit h his Lord. Surely, t he disbelievers will not be successful.) ぴ23:117び The idolat ors have no evidence for what t hey are doing, which has led t hem int o lies and misguidance. Rat her t hey are following t heir forefat hers and predecessors who were confused and ignorant , as Allah describes t hem:

ユ͡ワゲ͡ ⇒∠をや∠￢ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ べ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ボョぁ ("We found our fat hers following a cert ain way and religion, and we will indeed follow t heir foot st eps.'') ぴ43:23び

や⇔ク͡ま ∃ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ギ∃ ャ∠ヱ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ゅ∠ョぴ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ Κ ∠ バ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ ぁモミ⊥ ょ ∠ ワ∠ グ∠ ャｚ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ͡ ヤ͡⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ Α∠ ゅｚヨ∠ハ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ び∠ラヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ⇒∠バわ∠ プ∠ り͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ (91. No son (or offspring) did Allah beget , nor is t here any god along wit h Him. (If t here had been many gods), t hen each god would have t aken away what he had creat ed, and some would have t ried t o overcome ot hers! Glorified be Allah above all t hat t hey at t ribut e t o Him!) (92. All-Knower of t he unseen and t he seen! Exalt ed be He over all t hat t hey associat e as part ners t o Him!)

Allah has no Partner or Associate Allah declares Himself t o be above having any child or part ner in dominion, cont rol and worship. He says:

や⇔ク͡ま ∃ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ギ∃ ャ∠ヱ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ゅ∠ョぴ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ Κ ∠ バ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ ぁモミ⊥ ょ ∠ ワ∠ グ∠ ャｚ び∃ヂ∇バよ∠ (No son did Allah beget , nor is t here any god along wit h Him. (If t here had been many gods), t hen each god would have t aken away what he had creat ed, and some would have t ried t o overcome ot hers.) meaning, if it were decreed t hat t here should be a pluralit y of deit ies, each of t hem would have exclusive cont rol over what ever he had creat ed, so t here would never be any order in t he universe. But what we see is t hat t he universe is ordered and cohesive, wit h t he upper and lower realms connect ed t o one anot her in t he most perfect fashion.

び∃れヲ⊥ ⇒∠ヘゎ∠ リ͡ョ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ͡プ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ゅｚョぴ (you can see no fault in t he creat ion of t he Most Gracious) ぴ65:3び. Moreover, if t here were a number of gods, each of t hem would t ry t o subdue t he ot her wit h enmit y, and one would prevail over t he ot her. This has been ment ioned by t he scholars of ` Ilm-ul-Kalam, who discussed it using t he evidence of mut ual resist ance or count eract ion. This idea st at es t hat if t here were t wo or more creat ors, one would want t o make a body move while t he ot her would want t o keep it immobile, and if neit her of t hem could achieve what t hey want ed, t hen bot h would be incapable, but t he One Whose exist ence is essent ial ぴi.e., Allahび cannot be incapable. It is impossible for t he will of bot h t o be fulfilled because of t he conflict . This dilemma only arises when a pluralit y of gods is suggest ed, so it is impossible for t here t o be such a pluralit y, because if t he will of one is fulfilled and not t he ot her, t he one who prevails will be t he one whose exist ence is essent ial (i.e., God) and t he one who is prevailed over will be merely possible (i.e., he is not divine), because it is not befit t ing for t he one t o be defeat ed whose exist ence is essent ial. Allah says:

ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ Κ ∠ バ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ Α∠ (and some would have t ried t o overcome ot hers! Glorified be Allah above all t hat t hey at t ribut e t o Him!) meaning, high above all t hat t he st ubborn wrongdoers say when t hey claim t hat He has a son or part ner.

び͡りギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ハぴ (All-Knower of t he unseen and t he seen!) means, He knows what is hidden from His creat ures and what t hey see.

び∠ラヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ⇒∠バわ∠ プ∠ ぴ

(Exalt ed be He over all t hat t hey associat e as part ners t o Him!) means, sanct ified and glorified and exalt ed be He above all t hat t he wrongdoers and liars say.

Κ ∠ プ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ ヴあレΑ∠ ゲ͡ ゎ⊥ ゅｚョま͡ ゆ あ ケｚ モ⊥ホぴ マ ∠ Α∠ ゲ͡ ルぁ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヴ͡レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ ∇ノプ∠ ∇キや - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケギ͡ ⇒∠ボャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ゆ あ ケｚ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ る∠ ゃ∠ Βあ ジ ｚ ャや ラ∠ぺ ゆ あ ケ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ヱ∠ - リ ͡ Β͡ト⇒Βｚゼャや れ ͡ や∠ゴヨ∠ ワ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ よ͡ びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲツ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ (93. Say: "My Lord! If You would show me t hat wit h which t hey are t hreat ened, '') (94. "My Lord! Then, put me not amongst t he people who are t he wrongdoers.'') (95. And indeed We are able t o show you t hat wit h which We have t hreat ened t hem.) (96. Repel evil wit h t hat which is bet t er. We are best -acquaint ed wit h t he t hings t hey ut t er.) (97. And say: "My Lord! I seek refuge wit h You from t he whisperings of t he Shayat in.'') (98. "And I seek refuge wit h You, My Lord! lest t hey should come near me.'')

The Command to call on Allah when Calamity strikes, to repel Evil with that which is better, and to seek refuge with Allah Allah commands His Prophet Muhammad t o call on Him wit h t his supplicat ion when calamit y st rikes:

び∠ラヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ ヴあレΑ∠ ゲ͡ ゎ⊥ ゅｚョま͡ ゆ あ ケｚ ぴ (My Lord! If You would show me t hat wit h which t hey are t hreat ened.) meaning, ` if You punish t hem while I am wit nessing t hat , t hen do not cause me t o be one of t hem.' As was said in t he Hadit h recorded by Imam Ahmad and At -Tirmidhi, who graded it Sahih:

ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヶ͡レプｚ ヲ∠わプ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ュ∃ ヲ∠ボよ͡ れ ∠ ∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ» «ラヲ⊥わ∇ヘョ∠ (If You want t o t est people, t hen t ake me t o You ぴcause me t o dieび wit hout having t o undergo t he t est .)

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケギ͡ ⇒∠ボャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ Α∠ ゲ͡ ルぁ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed We are able t o show you t hat wit h which We have t hreat ened t hem.) means, ` if We willed, We could show you t he punishment and t est t hat We will send upon t hem.' Then Allah shows him t he best way t o behave when mixing wit h people, which is t o t reat kindly t he one who t reat s him badly, so as t o soft en his heart and t urn his enmit y t o friendship, and t o t urn his hat red t o love. Allah says:

び∠るゃ∠ Βあ ジ ｚ ャや リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ ∇ノプ∠ ∇キやぴ (Repel evil wit h t hat which is bet t er. ) This is like t he Ayah:

ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠クみ͡プ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ ∇ノプ∠ ∇キやぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ワゅｚボヤ∠Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヲ∠ ∀ヨΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ヴ ｘ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∀り∠ヱや∠ギ∠ハ び∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ (Repel (t he evil) wit h one which is bet t er, t hen verily he, bet ween whom and you t here was enmit y, (will become) as t hough he was a close friend. But none is grant ed it except t hose who are pat ient ) ぴ41:34-35び. meaning, nobody will be helped or inspired t o follow t his advice or at t ain t his qualit y,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except t hose who are pat ient ) meaning, t hose who pat ient ly bear people's insult s and bad t reat ment and deal wit h t hem in a good manner when t hey are on t he receiving end of bad t reat ment from t hem.

び∃ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ナ あェ ∠ ヱ⊥ク Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ワゅｚボヤ∠Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and none is grant ed it except t he owner of t he great port ion) means, in t his world and t he Hereaft er. And Allah says:

びリ ͡ Β͡ト⇒Βｚゼャや れ ͡ や∠ゴヨ∠ ワ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ゆ あ ケｚ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And say: "My Lord! I seek refuge wit h You from t he whisperings of t he Shayat in.'') Allah commanded him t o seek refuge wit h Him from t he Shayat in, because no t rick could help you against t hem and you cannot prot ect yourself by being kind t o t hem. We have already st at ed, when discussing Ist i` adhah (seeking refuge), t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o say,

ユ͡ Β͡ィゲｚ ャや ラ ͡ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ͡ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ͡ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠» «ヮ͡ん∇ヘル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ガ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ ゴ͡ ∇ヨワ∠ ∇リョ͡ (I seek refuge wit h Allah, t he All-Hearing, All-Seeing, from t he accursed Shayat in, from his whisperings, evil suggest ions and insinuat ions.) His saying:

びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲツ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ゆ あ ケ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ ("And I seek refuge wit h You, My Lord! lest t hey should come near me.'') means, in any issue of my life. So we are commanded t o ment ion Allah at t he beginning of any undert aking, in order t o ward off t he Shayat in at t he t ime of eat ing, int ercourse, slaught ering animals for food, et c. Abu Dawud recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o say:

リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ュゲ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» ヶ͡レト ∠ らｚ ガ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ベゲ∠ ピ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ュ͡ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや «れ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや (O Allah, I seek refuge wit h You from old age, I seek refuge wit h You from being crushed or drowned, and I seek refuge wit h you from being assault ed by t he Shayat in at t he t ime of deat h.)

ラ ͡ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ケや ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ヴあヤバ∠ ャ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ォ ∀ コ∠ ∇ゲよ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥も͡ べ∠ホ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ (99. Unt il, when deat h comes t o one of t hem, he says: "My Lord! Send me back,'') (100. "So t hat I may do good in t hat which I have left behind!'' No! (Kalla) It is but a word t hat he speaks; and in front of t hem is Barzakh unt il t he Day when t hey will be resurrect ed.)

The Disbelievers' Hope when death approaches Allah tells us about what happens when death approaches one of the disbelievers or one of those who have been negligent with the commands of Allah. He tells us what he says and how he asks to come back to this world so that he can rectify whatever wrongs he committed during his lifetime. Allah says:

ろ ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ヴあヤバ∠ ヤ∠ル͡ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ケや ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ びｚΚミ∠ ("My Lord! Send me back, so t hat I may do good in t hat which I have left behind!'' No!) This is like t he Ayat :

ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚョ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ び⊥れ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや (And spend of t hat wit h which We have provided you before deat h comes t o one of you,) unt il His saying:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is All-Aware of what you do) ぴ63:10-11び

び⊥ゆや∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ケ͡ グ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And warn mankind of the Day when the torment will come unto them)

び∃メや∠ヱコ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ upt o His saying; (t hat you would not leave (t he world for t he Hereaft er).) ぴ14:44び And His saying:

∇ギホ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ジル∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ ￢∠ べ∠バヘ∠ セ ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レャｚ モ∠ヰプ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠ィ び⊥モヨ∠ ∇バル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ モ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バレ∠ プ∠ ぁキゲ∠ ル⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠レ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥バヘ∠ ∇ゼΒ∠ プ∠ (On t he Day t he event is finally f ulfilled, t hose who neglect ed it before will say: "Verily, t he Messengers of our Lord did come wit h t he t rut h, now are t here any int ercessors for us t hat t hey might int ercede on our behalf Or could we be sent back so t hat we might do deeds ot her t han t hose deeds which we used t o do'') ぴ7:53び And:

ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユヰ͡ シ ͡ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ジミ͡ ゅ∠ル ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ク͡ ま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バル∠ ゅ∠レ∇バィ ͡ ∇ケゅ∠プ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲダ ∠ ∇よぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥ョ ゅｚル͡ま ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ (And if you only could see when t he criminals shall hang t heir heads before t heir Lord (saying): "Our Lord! We have now seen and heard, so send us back, t hat we will do right eous good deeds. Verily, we now believe wit h cert aint y.'') ぴ32:12び And;

ぁキゲ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠レ∠わ∇Β∠ヤΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘホ͡ ヱ⊥ ∇クま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゆ ∠ グあ ム∠ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ (If you could but see when t hey will be held over t he (Hell) Fire! They will say: "Would t hat we were but sent back! Then we would not deny t he Ayat of our Lord. ..'') unt il His saying;

び∠ラヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed t hey are liars.) ぴ6:27-28び

∇モワ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∠ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ン∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ び∃モΒ͡らシ ∠ リあョ キｙ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ (And you will see t he wrongdoers, when t hey behold t he t orment , t hey will say: "Is t here any way of ret urn'') ぴ42:44び

ゅ∠レ∇プゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ハゅ∠プ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ∇をや ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ΒΒ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ∇をや ゅ∠レわｚ ョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ びモ ∃ Β͡らシ ∠ リあョ ァ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲカ ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠レよ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ (They will say: "Our Lord! You have made us t o die t wice, and You have given us life t wice! Now we confess our sins, t hen is t here any way t o get out '') ぴ40:11び and t he Ayah aft er it :

∇モヨ∠ ∇バル∠ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥カゲ͡ ト ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅｚョ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲヨあ バ∠ ル⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バル∠ ゅｚレ⇒⊥ミ ン͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ

ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ ゲ⊥ Α͡グレｚ ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ゲ∠ ミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゲ⊥ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ び ゲ∃ Β͡ダルｚ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャ (Therein t hey will cry: "Our Lord! Bring us out , we shall do right eous good deeds, not what we used t o do.'' (Allah will reply:) "Did We not give you lives long enough, so t hat whosoever would receive admonit ion could receive it And t he warner came t o you. So t ast e you (t he evil of your deeds). For t he wrongdoers t here is no helper.'') ぴ35:37び Allah says t hat t hey will ask t o go back, when deat h approaches, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, when t hey are gat hered for j udgment before t he Compeller (Allah) and when t hey are in t he agonies of t he punishment of Hell, but t heir prayer will not be answered. Here Allah says:

びゅ∠ヰヤ⊥も͡ べ∠ホ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (No! It is but a word t hat he speaks;) The word Kalla (No!) is a word t hat is used t o rebuke, and t he meaning is: "No, We will not respond t o what he asks for and We will not accept it from him.''

びゅ∠ヰヤ⊥も͡ べ∠ホ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ぴ (It is but a word t hat he speaks) refers t o his asking t o go back so t hat he can do right eous deeds; t his is j ust t alk on his part , it would not be accompanied by any act ion. If he were t o go back, he would not do any right eous good deeds, he is merely lying, as Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギ⇒∠バャ∠ ∇やヱぁキケ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (But if t hey were ret urned, t hey would cert ainly revert t o t hat which t hey were forbidden. And indeed t hey are liars) ぴ6:28び. Qat adah said: "By Allah, he will not wish t o go back t o his family and t ribe, or t o accumulat e more of t he t hings of t his world or sat isfy his desires, but he will wish t hat he could go back t o do act s of obedience t o Allah. May Allah have mercy on a man who does t hat which t he disbeliever will wish he had done when he sees t he punishment of Hell.''

Barzakh and Punishment therein

び∠ラヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ォ ∀ コ∠ ∇ゲよ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (and in front of t hem is Barzakh unt il t he Day when t hey will be resurrect ed.) Abu Salih and ot hers said t hat :

び∇ユヰ͡ も͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (and in front of t hem) means before t hem. Muj ahid said, Al-Barzakh is a barrier bet ween t his world and t he Hereaft er. Muhammad bin Ka` b said, "Al-Barzakh is what is bet ween t his world

and t he Hereaft er, neit her t hey are t he people of t his world, eat ing and drinking, nor are t hey wit h t he people of t he Hereaft er, being rewarded or punished for t heir deeds.'' Abu Sakhr said, "Al-Barzakh refers t o t he graves. They are neit her in t his world nor t he Hereaft er, and t hey will st ay t here unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion.''

び∀ォコ∠ ∇ゲよ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (and in front of t hem is Barzakh). In t hese words is a t hreat t o t hose wrongdoers at t he t ime of deat h, of t he punishment of Barzakh. This is similar t o t he Ayat :

び⊥ユレｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リあョぴ (In front of t hem t here is Hell) ぴ45:10び.

び∀ナΒ͡ヤビ ∠ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ヮ͡ も͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (and in front of him will be a great t orment ) ぴ14: 17び.

び∠ラヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (unt il t he Day when t hey will be resurrect ed). means, he will be punished cont inually unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, as it says in t he Hadit h:

«ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ⇔よグｚ バ∠ ョ⊥ メ ⊥ や∠ゴΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ » (He will cont inue t o be punished in it .) meaning, in t he eart h.

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠ジル∠ぺ Κ ∠ プ∠ ケ͡ ヲぁダャや ヴ͡プ オ ∠ ヘ͡ ル⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ⊥ レ⊥ Α͡コヲ∠ ョ∠ ∇ろヤ∠ボ⊥ を∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジわ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ ヮ⊥ レ⊥ Α͡コヲ∠ ョ∠ ∇ろヘｚ カ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ウ ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ヤゎ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲジ ͡カ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡⇒∠ミ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ (101. Then, when t he Trumpet is blown, t here will be no kinship among t hem t hat Day, nor will t hey ask of one anot her.) (102. Then, t hose whose Scales (of good deeds) are heavy, t hese! t hey are t he successful.) (103. And t hose whose Scales (of good deeds) are light , t hey are t hose

who lose t hemselves, in Hell will t hey abide.) (104. The Fire will burn t heir faces, and t herein t hey will grin, wit h displaced lips (disfigured).)

The sounding of the Trumpet and the weighing of Deeds in the Scales. Allah says t hat when t he Trumpet is blown for t he Resurrect ion, and t he people rise from t heir graves,

び∠ラヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジわ∠ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠ジル∠ぺ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t here will be no kinship among t hem t hat Day, nor will t hey ask of one anot her.) meaning t hat lineage will be of no avail on t hat Day, and a fat her will not ask about his son or care about him. Allah says:

び∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲｚダら∠ Α⊥ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヨェ ∠ モ ⊥ ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And no friend will ask a friend (about his condit ion), t hough t hey shall be made t o see one anot her) ぴ70:10-11び. meaning, no relat ive will ask about anot her relat ive, even if he can see him and even if he is carrying a heavy burden. Even if he was t he dearest of people t o him in t his world, he will not care about him or t ake even t he slight est part of his burden from him. Allah says:

- ヮ͡ Β͡よぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ョあ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ - ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲぁ ヘ͡ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び ヮ͡ Β͡レよ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ͡ ら∠ エ ͡ ⇒∠タヱ∠ (That Day shall a man flee from his brot her. And from his mot her and his fat her. And from his wife and his children.) ぴ80:34-36び Ibn Mas` ud said, "On t he Day of Resurrect ion, Allah will gat her t he first and t he last , t hen a voice will call out , ` Whoever is owed somet hing by anot her, let him come fort h and t ake it .' And a man will rej oice if he is owed somet hing or had been mist reat ed by his fat her or child or wife, even if it is lit t le. '' This is confirmed in t he Book of Allah, where Allah says:

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠ジル∠ぺ Κ ∠ プ∠ ケ͡ ヲぁダャや ヴ͡プ オ ∠ ヘ͡ ル⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジわ∠ Α∠ (Then, when t he Trumpet is blown, t here will be no kinship among t hem t hat Day, nor will t hey ask of one anot her.) This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hat im.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ⊥ レ⊥ Α͡コヲ∠ ョ∠ ∇ろヤ∠ボ⊥ を∠ リ∠ヨ∠プぴ

(Then, t hose whose Scales are heavy, t hese! t hey are t he successful.) means, t he one whose good deeds out weigh his bad deeds, even by one. This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas.

び∠ラヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ (t hey are t he successful.) means, t hose who have at t ained vict ory and been saved from Hell and admit t ed t o Paradise. Ibn ` Abbas said, "These are t he ones who have at t ained what t hey want ed and been saved from an evil from which t here is no escape.''

び⊥ヮレ⊥ Α͡コヲ∠ ョ∠ ∇ろヘｚ カ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hose whose Scales are light ,) means, t heir evil deeds out weigh t heir good deeds.

びユ⊥ヰジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲジ ͡カ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ (t hey are t hose who lose t hemselves,) means, t hey are doomed and have ended up wit h t he worst deal. Allah says:

び∠ラヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ͡プぴ (in Hell will t hey abide. ) meaning, t hey will st ay t here forever and will never leave.

び⊥ケゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ウ ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ヤゎ∠ ぴ (The Fire will burn t heir faces,) This is like t he Ayah:

び⊥ケゅｚレャや ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ∠ゼ∇ピゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and fire will cover t heir faces) ぴ14:50び. and:

リ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヲぁヘム⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ び∇ユ͡ワ͡ケヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ リ∠ハ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ (If only t hose who disbelieved knew (t he t ime) when t hey will not be able t o ward off t he Fire from t heir faces, nor from t heir backs) ぴ21:39び.

び∠ラヲ⊥エヤ͡⇒∠ミ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t herein t hey will grin, wit h displaced lips.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas, "Frowning.''

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レム⊥ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ ヴ͡わ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ リ ∠ Βあャべ∠ッ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レゎ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ボセ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろら∠ ヤ∠ビ ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ゅｚルみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギハ ⊥ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ (105. "Were not My Ayat recit ed t o you, and t hen you used t o deny t hem'') (106. They will say: "Our Lord! Our wret chedness overcame us, and we were (an) erring people.'') (107. "Our Lord! Bring us out of t his. If ever we ret urn (t o evil), t hen indeed we shall be wrongdoers.'')

Rebuking the People of Hell, their admission of Their Wretchedness and their Request to be brought out of Hell This is a rebuke from Allah t o t he people of Hell for t he disbelief, sins, unlawful deeds and evil act ions t hat t hey commit t ed, because of which t hey were doomed. Allah says:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レム⊥ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ ヴ͡わ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ("Were not My Ayat recit ed t o you, and t hen you used t o deny t hem'') meaning, ` I sent Messengers t o you, and revealed Books, and cleared t he confusion for you, so you have no excuse.' This is like t he Ayat :

び͡モシ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∀るイ ｚェ ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Κ ｚ ゃ∠ ャ͡ぴ (in order t hat mankind should have no plea against Allah aft er t he Messengers) ぴ4:165び

び⇔Ιヲ⊥シケ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らル∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡よグあ バ∠ ョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We never punish unt il We have sent a Messenger) ぴ17:15び.

∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ べ∠ヰわ⊥ ル∠ ゴ∠ カ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ほ∠シ ∠ ∀ァ∇ヲ∠プ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヴ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ び∀ゲΑ͡グル∠ (Every t ime a group is cast t herein, it s keeper will ask: "Did no warner come t o you'') Unt il His saying;

び͡ゲΒ͡バジ ｚ ャや ょ ͡ ⇒エ ∠ ∇タΙ ６ ゅ⇔ボ∇エジ ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (So, away wit h t he dwellers of t he blazing Fire!) They will say:

び∠リΒあャべ∠ッ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レゎ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ボセ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろら∠ ヤ∠ビ ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! Our wret chedness overcame us, and we were (an) erring people.) meaning, evidence has been est ablished against us, but we were so doomed t hat we could not follow it , so we went ast ray and were not guided. Then t hey will say:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ゅｚルみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギハ ⊥ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! Bring us out of t his. If ever we ret urn (t o evil), t hen indeed we shall be wrongdoers.) meaning, send us back t o t he world, and if we go back t o what we used t o do before, t hen we will indeed be wrongdoers who deserve punishment . This is like t he Ayat :

び∃モΒ͡らシ ∠ リあョ ァ ∃ ヱゲ⊥ カ ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠レよ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇プゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ハゅ∠プぴ (Now we confess our sins, t hen is t here any way t o get out ) Unt il His st at ement :

び͡ゲΒ͡らム∠ ∇ャや ヴ あ ⇒͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ユ⊥ ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠プぴ (So t he j udgment is only wit h Allah, t he Most High, t he Most Great !'') ぴ40:11-12び meaning, t here will be no way out , because you used t o associat e part ners in worship wit h Allah whereas t he believers worshipped Him Alone.

∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ヨヤあム∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ゃジ ∠ ∇カや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ン͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョあ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ⊥ ∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨェ ͡ ゲ∠ ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ヱ∠ ン͡ゲ∇ミク͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ヲジ ∠ ル∠ぺ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ⇔Α∂ ゲ͡ ∇ガシ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Αゴ∠ ィ ∠ ヴあルま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムエ ∠ ∇ツゎ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴも͡ べ∠ヘ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ (108. He (Allah) will say: "Remain you in it wit h ignominy! And speak you not t o Me!'') (109. Verily, t here was a part y of My servant s who used t o say: "Our Lord! We believe, so forgive us and have mercy on us, for You are t he Best of all who show mercy!'') (110. But you t ook t hem for a laughing st ock, so much so t hat t hey made you forget My remembrance while you used t o laugh at t hem!) (111. Verily, I have rewarded t hem t his Day for t heir pat ience; t hey are indeed t he ones t hat are successful.)

Allah's Response and Rejection of the Disbelievers This is t he response of Allah t o t he disbelievers when t hey ask Him t o bring t hem out of t he Fire and send t hem back t o t his world. He will say:

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ゃジ ∠ ∇カやぴ (Remain you in it wit h ignominy!) meaning, abide t herein, humiliat ed, despised and scorned.

び͡ラヲ⊥ヨヤあム∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And speak you not t o Me!) means, ` do not ask for t his again, for I will not respond t o you. Al` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas concerning t his Ayah,

び͡ラヲ⊥ヨあヤム∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ゃジ ∠ ∇カやぴ (Remain you in it wit h ignominy! And speak you not t o Me!) "These are t he words of Ar-Rahman when silencing t hem.'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said, "The people of Hell will call on Malik for fort y years, and he will not answer t hem. Then he will respond and t ell t hem t hat t hey are t o abide t herein. By Allah, t heir cries will mean not hing t o Malik or t o t he Lord of Malik. Then t hey will call on t heir Lord and will say,

リ ∠ Βあャべ∠ッ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レゎ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ボセ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろら∠ ヤ∠ビ ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ゅｚルみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギハ ⊥ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ (Our Lord! Our wret chedness overcame us, and we were (an) erring people. Our Lord! Bring us out of t his. If ever we ret urn (t o evil), t hen indeed we shall be wrongdoers.) ぴ23:106-107び Allah will not answer t hem for a t ime span equivalent t o t wice t he durat ion of t his world. Then He will reply:

び͡ラヲ⊥ヨあヤム∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ゃジ ∠ ∇カやぴ (Remain you in it wit h ignominy! And speak you not t o Me!) By Allah, t he people will not ut t er a single word aft er t hat , and t hey will merely be in t he Fire of Hell, sighing in a high and low t one. Their voices are likened t o t hose of donkeys, which st art in a high t one and end in a low t one.'' Then Allah will remind t hem of t heir sins in t his world and how t hey used t o make fun of His believing servant s and close friends:

ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ン͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョあ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ リ ∠ Β͡ヨェ ͡ ゲ∠ ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プ び⇔ゅΑ∂ ゲ͡ ∇ガシ ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ⊥ ∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ (Verily, t here was a part y of My servant s who used t o say: "Our Lord! We believe, so forgive us and have mercy on us, for You are t he Best of all who show mercy!'' But you t ook t hem for a laughing st ock,) meaning, ` you made fun of t hem for calling on Me and praying t o Me,'

びン͡ゲ∇ミク͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ヲジ ∠ ル∠ぺ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (so much so t hat t hey made you forget My remembrance) means, your hat red for t hem made you forget what I would do t o you.

び∠ラヲ⊥ムエ ∠ ∇ツゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (while you used t o laugh at t hem!) means, at t heir deeds and worship. This is like t he Ayah:

∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ョゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴョ∠ ゅ∠ピわ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱぁゲョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムエ ∠ ∇ツΑ∠ (Verily, t hose who commit t ed crimes used t o laugh at t hose who believed. And, whenever t hey passed by t hem, used t o wink one t o anot her.) ぴ83:29-30び meaning, t hey used t o slander t hem in mockery. Then Allah t ells us how He will reward His friends and right eous servant s, and says:

び∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Αゴ∠ ィ ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ (Verily, I have rewarded t hem t his Day for t heir pat ience;) meaning, ` for t he harm and mockery t hat you inflict ed on t hem,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゴも͡ べ∠ヘ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ぴ (t hey are indeed t he ones t hat are successful.) I have caused t hem t o at t ain t he vict ory of j oy, safet y, Paradise and salvat ion from t he Fire.'

ゅ∠レ∇んら͡ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡レシ ͡ キ∠ ギ∠ ハ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャ∠ ∇ユミ∠ モ ∠ ⇒∠ホぴ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャｚ ラ͡ま メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Αあキべ∠バ∇ャや メ ͡ ほ∠∇シゅ∠プ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ ͡エ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャｚ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ∠ヤ⇒∠バ∠わ∠プ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ん∠らハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや マ ⊥ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや び ユ͡ Α͡ゲム∠ ∇ャや (112. He will say: "What number of years did you st ay on eart h'') (113. They will say: "We st ayed a day or part of a day. Ask of t hose who keep account .'') (114. He will say: "You st ayed not but a lit t le, if you had only known!'') (115. "Did you t hink t hat We had creat ed you in play, and t hat you would not be brought back t o Us'') (116. So Exalt ed be Allah, t he True King: None has t he right t o be worshipped but He, t he Lord of Al-` Arsh Al-Karim!)

Allah tells them how much they wasted in their short lives in this world by failing to obey Allah and worship Him Alone. If t hey had been pat ient during t heir short st ay in t his world, t hey would have at t ained vict ory j ust like His pious close friends.

びリ ∠ Β͡レシ ͡ キ∠ ギ∠ ハ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャ∠ ∇ユミ∠ モ ∠ ⇒∠ホぴ (He will say: "What number of years did you st ay on eart h'') means, how long did you st ay in t his world

びリ ∠ Αあキべ∠バ∇ャや メ ͡ ほ∠∇シゅ∠プ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠レ∇んら͡ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They will say: "We st ayed a day or part of a day. Ask of t hose who keep account .'') meaning, t hose who keep t he records.

び⇔ΚΒ͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャｚ ラ͡ま メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He will say: "You st ayed not but a lit t le...'') meaning, it was only a short t ime, no mat t er how you look at it .

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャｚぴ

(if you had only known!) means, you would not have preferred t he t ransient t o t he et ernal, and t reat ed yourself in t his bad way, and earned t he wrat h of Allah in t his short period. If you had pat ient ly obeyed Allah and worshipped Him as t he believers did, you would have at t ained vict ory j ust as t hey did.

Allah did not create His Servants in vain

び⇔ゅん∠らハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ ͡エ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Did you t hink t hat We had creat ed you in play,) means, ` did you t hink t hat you were creat ed in vain, wit h no purpose, wit h not hing required of you and no wisdom on Our part ' Or it was said t hat "in play'' meant t o play and amuse yourselves, like t he animals were creat ed, who have no reward or punishment . But you were creat ed t o worship Allah and carry out His commands.

び∠ラヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat you would not be brought back t o Us) means, t hat you would not be brought back t o t he Hereaft er. This is like t he Ayah:

び ン⇔ギシ ⊥ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇わΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ょ ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Does man t hink t hat he will be left neglect ed) ぴ75:36び

びぁペエ ∠ ∇ャや マ ⊥ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ヤ⇒∠バわ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So Exalt ed be Allah, t he True King.) means, sanct ified be He above t he idea t hat he should creat e anyt hing in vain, for He is t he True King Who is far above doing such a t hing.

び͡ユΑ͡ゲム∠ ∇ャや ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ぴ (None has t he right t o be worshipped but He, t he Lord of Al-` Arsh Al-Karim!) The Throne is ment ioned because it is t he highest point of all creat ion, and it is described as Karim, meaning beaut iful in appearance and splendid in form, as Allah says elsewhere:

び∃ユΑ͡ゲミ∠ ァ ∃ ∇ヱコ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇わ∠らル∠ぺぴ (every good kind We cause t o grow t herein) ぴ26:7び.

ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ワ∇ゲよ⊥ Ι ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ネ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨェ ͡ ゲ∠ ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ろ ∠ ルぺ∠ヱ ∇ユェ ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ゆ あ ケｚ モ⊥ホヱ∠ (117. And whoever invokes besides Allah, any ot her god, of whom he has no proof; t hen his reckoning is only wit h his Lord. Surely, disbelievers will not be successful.) (118. And say : "My Lord! Forgive and have mercy, for You are t he Best of t hose who show mercy!'')

Shirk is the Worst form of Wrong, its Practitioner shall never succeed. Allah threatens those who associate anything else with Him and worship anything with Him. He informs that those who associate others with Allah:

び⊥ヮャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ワ∇ゲよ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (of whom he has no proof), meaning no evidence for what he says. Then Allah says:

び͡ヮよ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ワ∇ゲよ⊥ Ι ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ネ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever invokes, besides Allah, any ot her god, of whom he has no proof;) t his is a condit ional sent ence, whose fulfilling clause is:

び͡ヮよあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (t hen his reckoning is only wit h his Lord.) meaning, Allah will call him t o account for t hat . Then Allah t ells us:

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ヘ⇒∠ム∇ャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Surely, disbelievers will not be successful.) meaning, t hey will not be successful wit h Him on t he Day of Resurrect ion; t hey will not prosper or be saved.

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨェ ͡ ゲ∠ ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ろ ∠ ルぺ∠ヱ ∇ユェ ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ゆ あ ケｚ モ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ (And say: "My Lord! Forgive and have mercy, for You are t he best of t hose who show mercy!'') Here Allah is t eaching us t o recit e t his supplicat ion, for forgiveness, in a general sense, means wiping away sins and concealing t hem from people, and mercy means guiding a person and helping him t o say and do good t hings.

The Tafsir of Surat An-Nur (Chapter - 24) Which was Revealed in Al-Madinah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ろ ∃ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ッゲ∠ プ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∀り∠ケヲ⊥シぴ ∇やヱ⊥ギヤ͡∇ィゅ∠プ ヴ͡ルやｚゴャや∠ヱ る⊥ Β∠ ル͡ やｚゴャや - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚ∠バャｚ ろ ∃ ⇒∠レΒあ よ∠ る∀ プ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡ヰ͡よ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ギ∠ ∇ヤィ ∠ る∠ も∠ ∇ゅョ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ギ∃ ェ ͡ やヱ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ͡ Α͡キ ヴ͡プ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ よ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ゼΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ (1. A Surah which We have sent down and which We have enj oined (Faradnaha), and in it We have revealed manifest Ayat , t hat you may remember.) (2. The Zaniyah and t he Zani, flog each of t hem wit h a hundred st ripes. Let not pit y wit hhold you in t heir case, in a punishment prescribed by Allah, if you believe in Allah and t he Last Day. And let a part y of t he believers wit ness t heir punishment .)

The Importance of Surat An-Nur

びゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∀り∠ケヲ⊥シぴ (A Surah which We have sent down) Here Allah is point ing out t he high est eem in which He holds t his Surah, which is not t o say t hat ot her Surahs are not import ant .

びゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ッ∠ゲ∠プ∠ヱぴ (and which We have enj oined,) Muj ahid and Qat adah said, "This means: We have explained what is lawful and unlawful, commands and prohibit ions, and t he prescribed punishment s.'' AlBukhari said, "Those who read it : Faradnaha, say t hat it means: "We have enj oined t hem upon you and t hose who come aft er you.''

び∃ろ⇒∠レΒあ よ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (and in it We have revealed manifest Ayat ,) means, clearly explained,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (t hat you may remember.)

The Explanation of the Prescribed Punishment for Zina (Illicit Sex) Then Allah says:

る∠ も∠ ∇ゅョ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ギ∃ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ ｚモミ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ギヤ͡∇ィゅ∠プ ヴ͡ルやｚゴャや∠ヱ る⊥ Β∠ ル͡ やｚゴャやぴ び∃り∠ギ∇ヤ∠ィ (The Zaniyah and t he Zani, flog each of t hem wit h a hundred st ripes.) This honorable Ayah cont ains t he ruling on t he law of ret aliat ion for t he person who commit s illegal sex, and det ails of t he punishment . Such a person will eit her be unmarried, meaning t hat he has never been married, or he will be married, meaning t hat he has had int ercourse wit hin t he bounds of a lawful marriage, and he is free, adult and of sound mind. As for t he virgin who is unwedded, t he prescribed punishment is one hundred st ripes, as st at ed in t his Ayah. In addit ion t o t his he is t o be banished from his homeland for one year, as was recorded in t he Two Sahihs from Abu Hurayrah and Zayd bin Khalid Al-Juhani in t he Hadit h about t he t wo bedouins who came t o t he Messenger of Allah . One of t hem said, "O Messenger of Allah, t his son of mine was employed by t his man, and commit t ed Zina wit h his wife. I paid a ransom wit h him on behalf of my son one hundred sheep and a slave-girl, but when I asked t he people of knowledge, t hey said t hat my son should be given one hundred st ripes and banished for a year, and t hat t his man's wife should be st oned t o deat h.'' The Messenger of Allah said:

ぶ ͡ や ゆ ͡ ゅ∠わム͡ よ͡ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ リ ｚ Β∠ ツ ͡ ∇ホほ∠ャ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» ギ⊥ ∇ヤィ ∠ マ ∠ レ͡ ∇よや ヴヤ∠ハヱ∠ ∩∠マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ キｘ ケ∠ ユ⊥ レ∠ ピ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ り⊥ ギ∠ Β͡ャヲ∠ ∇ャや ∩ヴャゅ∠バゎ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ザ ⊥ ∇Βル∠ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠Α ギ⊥ ∇ビや∠ヱ ∩∃ュゅ∠ハ ょ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇ピゎ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ も∠ ゅ͡ョ «ゅ∠ヰ∇ヨィ ⊥ ∇ケゅ∠プ ∇ろプ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ハや ラ ͡ み͡プ∠ ∩や∠グワ り͡ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ヴ∠ャま͡ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ (By t he One in Whose Hand is my soul, I will j udge bet ween you bot h according t o t he Book of Allah. Take back t he slave-girl and sheep, and your son is t o be given one hundred st ripes and banished for one year. O Unays -- he said t o a man from t he t ribe of Aslam -- go t o t his man's wife, and if she confesses, t hen st one her t o deat h.) Unays went t o her and she confessed, so he st oned her t o deat h. This indicat es t hat if t he person who is guilt y of illegal sex is a virgin and unmarried, he should be banished in addit ion t o being given one hundred st ripes. But if

married, meaning he has had int ercourse wit hin t he bounds of lawful marriage, and he is free, adult and of sound mind, t hen he should be st oned t o deat h. Imam Malik recorded t hat ` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h him, st ood up and praised and glorified Allah, t hen he said; "O people! Allah sent Muhammad wit h t he t rut h, and revealed t o him t he Book. One of t he t hings t hat was revealed t o him was t he Ayah of st oning t o deat h, which we have recit ed and underst ood. The Messenger of Allah carried out t he punishment of st oning and aft er him we did so, but I am afraid t hat as t ime goes by, some will say t hat t hey did not find t he Ayah of st oning in t he Book of Allah, and t hey will go ast ray because t hey abandoned one of t he obligat ions revealed by Allah. St oning is somet hing t hat is prescribed in t he Book of Allah for t he person -- man or woman -- who commit s illegal sex, if he or she is married, if decisive evidence is produced, or if pregnancy result s from t hat , or if t hey confess t o it .'' It was also recorded in t he Two Sahihs in t he lengt hy Hadit h of Malik, from which we have quot ed briefly only t he port ion t hat is relevant t o t he current discussion.

Do not feel pity for Them when carrying out the Prescribed Punishment

び͡ヮヤｚャや リ ͡ Α͡キ ヴ͡プ る∀ プ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡ヰ͡よ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Let not pit y wit hhold you in t heir case, in a punishment prescribed by Allah,) Meaning, wit h a ruling prescribed by Allah. So t he meaning of t he Ayah is: "Do not feel t oo sorry for t hem where t he laws of Allah are est ablished.'' This does not mean t hat we should not nat urally feel pit y when carrying out t he punishment . What is prohibit ed here is t he kind of pit y t hat may make t he j udge ignore t he punishment alt oget her. This is what is not permit t ed for t he j udge. Muj ahid said,

び͡ヮヤｚャや リ ͡ Α͡キ ヴ͡プ る∀ プ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡ヰ͡よ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Let not pit y wit hhold you in t heir case, in a punishment prescribed by Allah,) "If t he mat t er is t aken t o t he ruling aut horit y, t he punishment has t o be carried out and cannot be st opped.'' This was also narrat ed from Sa` id bin Jubayr and ` At a' bin Abi Rabah. It was recorded in a Hadit h:

ギ∠ ェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヶ͡レピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ キ∠ ヱ⊥ギエ ⊥ ∇ャや や⊥ヲプ∠ ゅ∠バゎ∠ » «ょ ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ (Compromise wit h t he mat t er of prescribed punishment mut ually sort ing it out among yourselves, for once a mat t er where t he prescribed punishment is required reaches me, I am obliged t o carry it out .) Allah's saying:

び͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まぴ (if you believe in Allah and t he Last Day. ) means, t hen do t hat , carry out t he punishment s on t hose who commit illegal sex, and st rike t hem hard wit hout causing any wound, so t hat he and

ot hers like him will be det erred by t he t error of t hat . In Al-Musnad, it was recorded t hat one of t he Companions said, "O Messenger of Allah, when I slaught er a sheep I feel pit y for it .'' He said,

«∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヶ͡プ マ ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ » (You be rewarded for t hat .)

Carry out the Prescribed Punishment in Public

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∠よや∠グ∠ハ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ゼΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ぴ (And let a part y of t he believers wit ness t heir punishment .) This is more humiliat ing for t he people who are guilt y of illegal sex, if t hey are flogged in front of t he people. This is because it is more effect ive as a det errent and it conveys t he sense of scandal and rebuke. Al-Hasan AlBasri said,

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∠よや∠グ∠ハ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ゼΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ぴ (And let a part y of t he believers wit ness t heir punishment .) "Publicly.''

Ι ∠ る⊥ Β∠ ル͡ やｚゴャや∠ヱ る⇔ ミ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ Β∠ ル͡ や∠コ Ι ｚ ま͡ ウ ⊥ ム͡ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ヴ͡ルやｚゴャやぴ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ュ∠ ゲあ ェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∀ポ͡ゲ∇ゼョ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ラ ∃ や∠コ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰエ ⊥ ͡ムレ∠Α びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや (3. The Zani marries not but a Zaniyah or a Mushrikah; and t he Zaniyah, none marries her except a Zani or a Mushrik. Such a t hing is forbidden t o t he believers.) Here Allah t ells us t hat t he Zani (male who is guilt y of illegal sex) does not have int ercourse except wit h a Zaniyah (female who is guilt y of illegal sex) or a Mushrikah (female idolat or), meaning t hat no one would go along wit h him in t his act ion except a sinful woman who is also guilt y of Zina, or a Mushrikah who does not t hink it is unlawful. By t he same t oken,

び∃ラや∠コ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰエ ⊥ ͡ムレ∠Α Ι ∠ る⊥ Β∠ ル͡ やｚゴャや∠ヱぴ (and t he Zaniyah, none marries her except a Zani) a sinful man who is guilt y of fornicat ion,

び⇔るミ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or a Mushrik) (a man) who does not t hink it is unlawful.

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ュ∠ ゲあ ェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (Such a t hing is forbidden t o t he believers.) meaning, indulging in t his, or marrying prost it ut es, or marrying chast e women t o immoral men. Qat adah and Muqat il bin Hayyan said: "Allah forbade t he believers from marrying prost it ut es.'' This Ayah is like t he Ayah (about marrying slave-girls):

び∃ラや∠ギ∇カぺ∠ れ ͡ や∠グガ ͡ わｚ ョ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠エヘ͡ ⇒∠ジョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ろ⇒∠レダ ∠ ∇エョ⊥ ぴ (t hey should be chast e, not commit t ing illegal sex, nor t aking boyfriends.) ぴ4:25び And His saying:

び∃ラや∠ギ∇カぺ∠ ン͡グガ ͡ わｚ ョ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡エプ͡ ゅ∠ジョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レダ ͡ ∇エョ⊥ ぴ (desiring chast it y not commit t ing illegal sexual int ercourse, nor t aking t hem as girlfriends) ぴ5:5び. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat a man among t he believers asked t he Messenger of Allah for permission (t o marry) a woman known as Umm Mahzul, who used t o commit adult ery, and who had st at ed t he condit ion t hat she should spend on him. So he asked t he Messenger of Allah for permission, or he ment ioned t he mat t er t o him. The Messenger of Allah recit ed t o him:

Ι ∠ る⊥ Β∠ ル͡ やｚゴャや∠ヱ る⇔ ミ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ Β∠ ル͡ や∠コ Ι ｚ ま͡ ウ ⊥ ム͡ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ヴ͡ルやｚゴャやぴ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ュ∠ ゲあ ェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∀ポ͡ゲ∇ゼョ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ラ ∃ や∠コ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰエ ⊥ ͡ムレ∠Α びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや (The Zani marries not but a Zaniyah or a Mushrikah; and t he Zaniyah, none marries her except Zani or a Mushrik. Such a t hing is forbidden t o t he believers.) ぴ24:3び Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said,

«ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ゅｚャま͡ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤ∇イヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡ルやｚゴャや ウ ⊥ ム͡ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» (A Zani who has been flogged should not marry anyone except someone who is like him.) A similar report was recorded by Abu Dawud in his Sunan.

る͡ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケほ∠よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レダ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョ∇ゲΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤら∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ∇ヤィ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ルゅ∠ヨを∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡∇ィゅ∠プ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥

∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ り⇔ キ∠ ゅ∠ヰセ ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ (4. And t hose who accuse chast e women, and produce not four wit nesses, flog t hem wit h eight y st ripes, and rej ect t heir t est imony forever. They indeed are t he rebellious.) (5. Except t hose who repent t hereaft er and do right eous deeds; (for such) verily, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

The Prescribed Punishment for slandering Chaste Women This Ayah st at es t he prescribed punishment for making false accusat ions against chast e women, i.e., t hose who are free, adult and chast e. If t he person who is falsely accused is a man, t he same punishment of flogging also applies. If t he accuser produces evidence t hat what he is saying is t rue, t hen t he punishment does not apply. Allah said:

リ ∠ Β͡ルゅ∠ヨを∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡∇ィゅ∠プ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ る͡ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケほ∠よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ り⇔ キ∠ ゅ∠ヰセ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤら∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ∇ヤィ ∠ び∠ラヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや (and produce not four wit nesses, flog t hem wit h eight y st ripes, and rej ect t heir t est imony forever. They indeed are t he rebellious.) If t he accuser cannot prove t hat what he is saying is t rue, t hen t hree rulings apply t o him: (first ly) t hat he should be flogged wit h eight y st ripes, (secondly) t hat his t est imony should be rej ect ed forever, and (t hirdly) t hat he should be labelled as a rebellious who is not of good charact er, whet her in t he sight of Allah or of mankind.

Explaining the Repentance of the One Who makes a False Accusation Then Allah says:

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ (Except t hose who repent t hereaft er and do right eous deeds; (for such) verily, Allah is Oft Forgiving, Most Merciful.) This except ion refers t o t he second and t hird rulings ment ioned above. The flogging has been carried out regardless of whet her he repent s or persist s, and aft er t hat t here is no furt her punishment , as is agreed among t he scholars. If he repent s, t hen

his t est imony may be accept ed, and he is no longer t o be regarded as a rebellious. This was t he view of Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib -- t he leader of t he Tabi` in -- and also a group among t he Salaf. Ash-Sha` bi and Ad-Dahhak said, "His t est imony cannot be accept ed even if he does repent , unless he himself admit s t hat he said somet hing false, in which case his t est imony may be accept ed.'' And Allah knows best .

Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢⊥ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョ∇ゲΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ れ ∃ や∠ギ⇒∠ヰセ ∠ ノ⊥ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ り⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ レ∠ ∇バャ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ る⊥ ジ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ガ∇ャや∠ヱ - リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ ラ∠ぺ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇やぼ⊥ ケ∠ ∇ギΑ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡よグ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ - リ ∠ Β͡よグ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ れ ∃ や∠キゅ∠ヰセ ∠ ノ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ギ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ょ ∠ ツ ∠ ビ ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ る∠ ジ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ガ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや び ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ゆやｚヲ∠ゎ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ (6. And for t hose who accuse t heir wives, but have no wit nesses except t hemselves, let t he t est imony of one of t hem be four t est imonies by Allah t hat he is one of t hose who speak t he t rut h.) (7. And t he fift h (t est imony); invoking of t he curse of Allah on him if he be of t hose who t ell a lie.) (8. But she shall avert t he punishment from her, if she bears wit ness four t imes by Allah, t hat he is t elling a lie.) (9. And t he fift h; should be t hat t he wrat h of Allah be upon her if he speaks t he t rut h.) (10. And had it not been for t he grace of Allah and His mercy on you! And t hat Allah is t he One Who forgives and accept s repent ance, t he All-Wise.)

Details of Al-Li` an This Ayah offers a way out for husbands. If a husband has accused his wife but cannot come up wit h proof, he can swear t he Li` an (t he oat h of condemnat ion) as Allah commanded. This means t hat he brings her before t he Imam and st at es what he is accusing her of. The ruler t hen asks him t o swear four t imes by Allah in front of four wit nesses

び∠リΒ͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (t hat he is one of t hose who speak t he t rut h) in his accusat ion of her adult ery.

リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ レ∠ ∇バャ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ る⊥ ジ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ガ∇ャや∠ヱぴ びリ ∠ Β͡よグ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (And t he fift h; t he invoking of t he curse of Allah on him if he be of t hose who t ell a lie.) If he says t hat , t hen she is divorced from him by t he very act of t his Li` an; she is forever forbidden for him and he must give her Mahr t o her. The punishment for Zina should be carried out on her, and not hing can prevent t he punishment except if she also swears t he oat h of condemnat ion (Li` an) and swears by Allah four t imes t hat he is one of t hose who lied, i.e., in what he is accusing her of;

リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ょ ∠ ツ ∠ ビ ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ る∠ ジ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ガ∇ャや∠ヱぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや (And t he fift h; should be t hat t he crat h of Allah be upon her if he speaks t he t rut h.) Allah says:

び∠ゆや∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇やぼ⊥ ケ∠ ∇ギΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (But she shall avert t he punishment ) meaning, t he prescribed punishment .

れ ∃ や∠キゅ∠ヰセ ∠ ノ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ギ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∠ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇やぼ⊥ ケ∠ ∇ギΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ょ ∠ ツ ∠ ビ ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ る∠ ジ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ガ∇ャや∠ヱ - リ ∠ Β͡よグ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (if she bears wit ness four t imes by Allah, t hat he is t elling a lie. And t he fift h; should be t hat t he wrat h of Allah be upon her if he speaks t he t rut h.) The wrat h of Allah is ment ioned specially in t he case of t he woman, because usually a man would not go t o t he ext ent of exposing his wife and accusing her of Zina unless he is t elling t he t rut h and has good reason t o do t his, and she knows t hat what he is accusing her of is t rue. So in her case t he fift h t est imony calls for t he wrat h of Allah t o be upon her, for t he one upon whom is t he wrat h of Allah, is t he one who knows t he t rut h yet deviat es from it . Then Allah ment ions His grace and kindness t o His creat ion in t hat He has prescribed for t hem a way out of t heir difficult ies. Allah says:

び⊥ヮわ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And had it not been for t he grace of Allah and His mercy on you!) meaning, many of your affairs would have been t oo difficult for you,

び∀ゆやｚヲゎ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat Allah is t he One Who forgives and accept s repent ance,) means, from His servant s, even if t hat comes aft er t hey have sworn a confirmed oat h.

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ぴ (t he All-Wise. ) in what He prescribes and commands and forbids. There are Hadit hs which explain how we are t o put t his Ayah int o ef fect , why it was revealed and concerning whom among t he Companions it was revealed.

The Reason why the Ayah of Li` an was revealed Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "When t he Ayah

る͡ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケほ∠よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レダ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョ∇ゲΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤら∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ∇ヤィ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ルゅ∠ヨを∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡∇ィゅ∠プ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ び⇔やギ∠よぺ∠ り⇔ キ∠ ゅ∠ヰセ ∠ (And t hose who accuse chast e women, and produce not four wit nesses, flog t hem wit h eight y st ripes, and rej ect t heir t est imony forever) ぴ24:4び was revealed, Sa` d bin ` Ubadah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, -- t he leader of t he Ansar -- said, ` Is t his how it was revealed, O Messenger of Allah' The Messenger of Allah said:

メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ダ∇ルほ∠∇ャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バョ∠ ゅ∠Α» «∨∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ Βあ シ ∠ (O Ansar, did you hear what your leader said) They said, ` O Messenger of Allah, do not blame him, for he is a j ealous man. By Allah, he never married a woman who was not a virgin, and he never divorced a woman but none of us would dare t o marry her because he is so j ealous.' Sa` d said, ` By Allah, O Messenger of Allah, I know t hat it (t he Ayah) is t rue and is from Allah, but I am surprised. If I found some wicked man lying down wit h my wife, should I not dist urb him unt il I have brought four wit nesses By Allah, he would have finished what he was doing before I could bring t hem!' A lit t le while lat er, Hilal bin Umayyah -- one of t he t hree whose repent ance had been accept ed -- came back from his lands at night and found a man wit h his wife. He saw wit h his own eyes and heard wit h his own ears, but he did not dist urb him unt il t he morning. In t he morning he went t o t he Messenger of Allah and said, ` O Messenger of Allah, I came t o my wife at night and found a man wit h her, and I saw wit h my own eyes and heard wit h my own ears.' The Messenger of Allah did not like what he had said and got very upset . The Ansar gat hered around him and said, ` We were being t est ed by what Sa` d bin Ubadah said, and now t he Messenger of Allah will punish Hilal bin Umayyah and declare his t est imony before people

t o be unaccept able.' Hilal said: ` By Allah, I hope t hat Allah will make for me a way out from t his problem.' Hilal said, ` O Messenger of Allah, I see how upset you are by what I have said, but Allah knows t hat I am t elling t he t rut h.' By Allah, t he Messenger of Allah want ed t o have him flogged, but t hen Allah sent revelat ion t o His Messenger . When t he revelat ion came upon him, t hey knew about it from t he change in his face, so t hey would leave him alone unt il t he revelat ion was finished. Allah revealed t he Ayah:

Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢⊥ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョ∇ゲΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び͡ヮヤｚャゅ͡よ れ ∃ や∠ギ⇒∠ヰセ ∠ ノ⊥ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ り⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ (And for t hose who accuse t heir wives, but have no wit nesses except t hemselves, let t he t est imony of one of t hem be four t est imonies by Allah...,) Then t he revelat ion was finished and t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ゅ⇔ィゲ∠ ∇ガョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ィゲ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ぶ ⊥ やモ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ヤワ͡ ゅ∠Α ∇ゲゼ ͡ ∇よぺ∠» (Rej oice, O Hilal, for Allah has made a way out for you.) Hilal said, ` I had been hoping for t his from my Lord, may He be glorified.' The Messenger of Allah said:

«ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ やヲ⊥ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠» (Send for her.) So t hey sent for her and she came. The Messenger of Allah recit ed t his Ayah t o t hem bot h, and reminded t hem t hat t he punishment of t he Hereaft er is more severe t han t he punishment in t his world. Hilal said, ` By Allah, O Messenger of Allah, I have spoken t he t rut h about her.' She said, ` He is lying.' The Messenger of Allah said,

«ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ やヲ⊥レハ ͡ ゅ∠ャ» (Make t hem bot h swear t he Li` an.) So Hilal was t old, ` Test ify.' So he t est ified four t imes by Allah t hat he was one of t hose who speak t he t rut h. When he came t o t he fift h t est imony, he was t old, ` O Hilal, have Taqwa of Allah, for t he punishment of t his world is easier t han t he punishment of t he Hereaft er, and t his will mean t hat t he punishment will be inevit able for you.' He said, ` By Allah, Allah will not punish me for it , j ust as He has not caused me t o be flogged for it .' So he t est ified for t he fift h t ime t hat t he curse of Allah would be upon him if he was t elling a lie. Then it was said t o his wife, ` Test ify four t imes by Allah t hat he is t elling a lie.' And when his wife reached t he fift h t est imony, she was t old, ` Have Taqwa of Allah, for t he punishment of t his world is easier t han t he punishment of t he Hereaft er, and t his will mean t hat t he punishment will be inevit able for you.' She hesit at ed for a while, and was about t o admit her guilt , t hen she said: ` By Allah, I will not expose my people t o shame, and she swore t he fift h oat h t hat t he wrat h of Allah would be upon her if he was t elling t he t rut h.' Then t he Messenger of Allah separat ed t hem, and decreed t hat her child should not be at t ribut ed t o any fat her, nor should t he child be accused, and whoever accused her or her child, t hey would be subj ect t o punishment . He also decreed t hat ぴHilalび was not obliged t o house her or feed her, because t hey had not been separat ed by divorce, nor had he died and left her a widow. He said,

ズ ∠ ∇ヨェ ∠ (ウ ∠ジ ͡ ∇Αケ∠ ぺ⊥) ょ ∠ ヰ͡ ∇Βタ ∠ ぺ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇れ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ∇ラま͡» や⇔ギバ∠ ィ ∠ ベ ∠ ケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇れ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩∃メゅ∠ヤヰ͡ ャ͡ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡リ∇Βホ∠ ゅｚジャや ヵ͡グヤｚャ͡ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡リ∇Βわ∠ Β∠ ∇ャほ∠∇ャや ヒ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠シ リ ͡ ∇Βホ∠ ゅｚジャや ア ∠ ャｚギ∠ カ ∠ ゅ６Βャ͡ゅ∠ヨィ ⊥ «ヮ͡ ら͡わ∇わΒ∠ ョ͡ ケ⊥ (If she gives birt h t o a red-haired child (wit h skinny t highs) and t hin legs, t hen he is Hilal's child, but if she gives birt h t o a curly-haired child wit h t hick legs and plump but t ocks, t hen t his is what she is accused of.) She subsequent ly gave birt h t o a child who was curly-haired wit h t hick legs and plump but t ocks, and t he Messenger of Allah said,

«∀ラ∇ほ∠セ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ヱ∠ ヶ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムャ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇Αほ∠∇ャや ゅ∠ャ∇ヲャ∠» (Were it not for t he oat h t hat she swore, I would deal wit h her.)'' ` Ikrimah said, "The child grew up t o become t he governor of Egypt , and he was given his mot her's name and was not at t ribut ed t o any fat her.'' Abu Dawud recorded a similar but briefer report . This Hadit h has corroborat ing report s in t he books of Sahih and elsewhere, wit h many chains of narrat ion, including t he report narrat ed by Al-Bukhari from Ibn ` Abbas, t hat Hilal bin Umayyah accused his wife before t he Prophet wit h Sharik bin Sahma'. The Prophet said,

«ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ヰニ ∠ ヶ͡プ ギｘ ェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る∠ レ∠ Βあ ら∠ ∇ャや» (Evidence or t he punishment on your back.) He said, "O Messenger of Allah, if any one of us saw a man wit h his wife, how could he go and get evidence'' The Prophet again said,

«ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ヰニ ∠ ヶプ͡ ギｘ ェ ∠ ゅｚャま͡ヱ∠ る∠ レ∠ Βあ ら∠ ∇ャや» (Evidence ot herwise t he punishment on your back.) Hilal said, "By t he One Who sent you wit h t he t rut h! I am t elling t he t rut h and Allah will reveal somet hing t hat will prot ect my back from t he punishment . '' Then Jibril came down and brought t he revelat ion,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョ∇ゲΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And for t hose who accuse t heir wives,) Then he recit ed unt il he reached:

び∠リΒ͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まぴ (t hat he is one of t hose who speak t he t rut h) ぴ24:6び. When t he revelat ion had finished, t he Prophet sent for t hem bot h. Hilal came and gave his t est imony, and t he Prophet said,

ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ∩∀ゆク͡ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» «∨∀ょも͡ ゅ∠ゎ (Allah knows t hat one of you is lying. Will one of you repent ) Then she st ood up and gave her t est imony, and when she reached t he fift h oat h, t hey st opped her and said, "If you swear t he fift h oat h and you are lying, t he curse of Allah will be inevit able.'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "She hesit at ed and kept quiet unt il we t hought t hat she had changed her mind, t hen she said, ` I will not dishonor my people t oday', and she went ahead. Then t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヒ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠シ リ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠エ ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇れ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇よぺ∠» リ ͡ ∇よや マ ͡ Α͡ゲゼ ∠ ャ͡ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡リ∇Βホ∠ ゅｚジャや ア ∠ ャｚギ∠ カ ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ Β∠ ∇ャほ∠∇ャや «∠￢ゅ∠ヨ∇エ∠シ (Wait unt il she gives birt h, and if she gives birt h t o a child whose eyes look as if t hey are ringed wit h kohl and who has plump but t ocks and t hick legs, t hen he is t he child of Sharik bin Sahma'.) She gave birt h t o a child who mat ched t his descript ion, and t he Prophet said,

ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ャ ∠ラゅ∠ム∠ャ ぶ ͡ や ゆ ͡ ゅ∠わミ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヴ∠ツョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ャ∇ヲャ∠» «∀ラ∇ほ∠セ (Were it not for t he Book of Allah, I would deal wit h her.) This version was recorded only by AlBukhari, but t he event has been narrat ed wit h addit ional chains of narrat ion from Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr said: During t he governorship of Ibn Az-Zubayr I was asked about t he couple who engage in Li` an, and whet her t hey should be separat ed, and I did not know t he answer. I got up and went t o t he house of Ibn ` Umar, and said, "O Abu ` Abdur-Rahman, should t he couple who engage in Li` an be separat ed'' He said, "Subhan Allah, t he first one t o ask about t his was so-and-so t he son of so-and-so. He said, ` O Messenger of Allah, what do you t hink of a man who sees his wife commit t ing an immoral sin If he speaks he will be speaking about somet hing very serious, and if he keeps quiet he will be keeping quiet about somet hing very serious.' ぴThe Prophet び kept quiet and did not answer him. Lat er on, he came t o him and said, ` What I asked you about is somet hing wit h which I myself being t est ed wit h.' Then Allah revealed t he Ayat ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョ∇ゲΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And for t hose who accuse t heir wives,) unt il he reached:

び∠リΒ͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ょ ∠ ツ ∠ ビ ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ぴ

(That t he wrat h of Allah be upon her if he speaks t he t rut h.) He st art ed t o advise t he man and remind him about Allah, and t old him t hat t he punishment of t his world is easier t han t he punishment of t he Hereaft er. The man said: ` By t he One Who sent you wit h t he t rut h, I was not t elling you a lie.' Then t he Prophet t urned t o t he woman and advised t he woman and reminded her about Allah, and t old her t hat t he punishment of t his world is easier t han t he punishment of t he Hereaft er. The woman said, ` By t he One Who sent you wit h t he t rut h, he is lying.' So ぴt he Prophet び st art ed wit h t he man, who swore four t imes by Allah t hat he was one of t hose who speak t he t rut h, and swore t he fift h oat h t hat t he curse of Allah would be upon him if he were lying. Then he t urned t o t he woman, who swore four t imes by Allah t hat he was lying, and swore t he fift h oat h t hat t he wrat h of Allah would be upon her if he was t elling t he t rut h. Then he separat ed t hem.'' It was also recorded by An-Nasa'i in his Tafsir, and by AlBukhari and Muslim in t he Two Sahihs.

ロ⊥ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ∀る∠ら∇ダハ ⊥ マ ͡ ∇プΗ ͡ ゅ͡よ やヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや あモム⊥ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ や⇔ゲ∂ セ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇らミ͡ ヴｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱ ユ͡ ∇をΗ ͡や リ ∠ ョ͡ ょ ∠ ジ ∠ わ∠ ∇ミや び ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ (11. Verily, t hose who brought fort h t he slander are a group among you. Consider it not a bad t hing for you. Nay, it is good for you. Unt o every man among t hem will be paid t hat which he had earned of t he sin, and as for him among t hem who had t he great er share t herein, his will be a great t orment .)

Al-Ifk (the Slander) The next t en Ayat were all revealed concerning ` A'ishah, t he mot her of t he believers, may Allah be pleased wit h her, when t he people of slander and falsehood among t he hypocrit es made t heir accusat ions against her and spread lies about her. Allah became j ealous on her behalf and on behalf of His Prophet , and revealed her innocence t o prot ect t he honor of t he Messenger of Allah . He said:

び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ∀る∠ら∇ダハ ⊥ マ ͡ ∇プΗ ͡ ゅ͡よ やヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who brought fort h t he slander are a group among you.) meaning t hey were not one or t wo, but a group. Foremost among t his group was ` Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul, t he leader of t he hypocrit es, who fabricat ed t he lie and whispered it t o ot hers, unt il some of t he Muslims st art ed t o believe it , and ot hers t hought it might be possible and began t o t alk about it . This is how mat t ers remained for almost a mont h, unt il Qur'an was revealed. This is report ed in Sahih Hadit hs. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Az-Zuhri said: Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib, ` Urwah bin Az-Zubayr, ` Alqamah bin Waqqas and ` Ubaydullah bin ` Abdullah bin ` Ut bah bin Mas` ud t old me about t he st ory of ` A'ishah, t he wife of t he Prophet , when t he people of t he slander said what t hey said about her, and Allah declared her innocence. Each of t hem t old somet hing about t he st ory, and some of t hem knew more det ails t han ot hers or had memorized more t han ot hers. I learned t he st ory from each of t hem, who had heard it from ` A'ishah

herself, and what one t old me confirmed what t he ot hers said. They ment ioned t hat ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, t he wife of t he Prophet , said: "When t he Messenger of Allah want ed t o go on a j ourney, he would cast lot s among his wives, and t he one whose lot was drawn would go wit h him.'' ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said, "So he drew lot s among us wit h regard t o a campaign he was going out on, and mine was drawn, so I went out wit h t he Messenger of Allah . This was aft er t he commandment of Hij ab had been revealed, so I t raveled in my howdah and st ayed in it when we camped. We t raveled unt il t he Messenger of Allah complet ed his campaign, t hen we ret urned. As we were approaching Al-Madinah, we paused for a while, t hen t hey announced t hat t he j ourney was t o be resumed. When I heard t his, I walked quickly away from t he army t o answer t he call of nat ure, t hen I came back t o my howdah. Then I put my hand t o my chest and not iced t hat a necklace of mine t hat was made of onyx and cornelian had broken, so I went back and looked for it , and was delayed because of t hat . In t he meant ime, t he people who used t o lift my howdah ont o my camel came along and put it on t he camel, t hinking t hat I was inside. In t hose t imes women were more slender and not so heavy, t hey only at e mout hfuls of food. So t he people did not t hink anyt hing of t he howdah being so light when t hey lift ed it up, as I was a young woman. They set off, and I found my necklace aft er t he army had moved on. Then I came back t o t he place where we had st opped, and I saw no one t o call or answer. So I went t o t he place where I had been, t hinking t hat t he people would miss me and come back for me. While I was sit t ing t here, I fell asleep. t Safwan bin Al-Mu` at t al As-Sulami Adh-Dhakwani had rest ed during t he night behind t he army. Then he set out j ust before daybreak and reached t he place where I was in t he morning, where he saw t he out line of a person sleeping. He came t o me and recognized me when he saw me, as he had seen me before Hij ab was made obligat ory for me. When he saw me and said ` Truly, t o Allah we belong, and t ruly, t o Him we shall ret urn,' I woke up, and covered my face wit h my Jilbab (out er garment ). By Allah, he did not speak a word t o me and I did not hear him say anyt hing except ` Truly, t o Allah we belong, and t ruly, t o Him we shall ret urn,' unt il he brought his camel and made it kneel so t hat I could ride upon it , t hen he set out leading t he camel unt il we caught up wit h t he army at Zuhr t ime. There are people who are doomed because of what happened t o me, and t he one who had t he great er share t herein was ` Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul. When we came back t o Al-Madinah, I was ill for a mont h, and t he people were t alking about what t he people of t he slander were saying, and I knew not hing about it . What upset me when I was ill was t hat I did not see t he kindness I used t o see on t he part of t he Messenger of Allah . When I was ill; he would j ust come in and say,

«∨∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ » (How is t hat (lady)) That is what upset me. I did not feel t hat t here was anyt hing wrong unt il I went out aft er I felt bet t er, and Umm Mist ah went out wit h me, walking t owards Al-Manasi` , which is where we used t o go t o relieve ourselves, and we would not go out for t hat purpose except at night . This was before we had lavat ories close t o our houses; our habit was similar t o t hat of t he early Arabs in t hat we went out int o t he desert s t o relieve ourselves, because we considered it t roublesome and harmful t o have lavat ories in our houses. So I went out wit h Umm Mist ah, who was t he daught er of Abu Ruhm bin Al-Mut t alib bin ` Abd Manaf, and her mot her was t he daught er of Sakhr bin ` Amir, t he pat ernal aunt of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq. Her son was Mist ah bin Ut hat hah bin ` Abbad bin Al-Mut t alib. When we finished what we had t o do, t he daught er of Abu Ruhm Umm Mist ah and I came back t owards my house. Umm Mist ah st umbled over her apron and said, ` May Mist ah be ruined!' I said t o her, ` What a bad t hing you have said! Are you abusing a man who was present at Badr' She said, ` Good grief, have you not heard what he said' I said, ` What did he say' So she t old me what t he people of t he slander were saying, which made me even more ill. When I ret urned home, t he Messenger of Allah came in t o me and greet ed me, t hen he said,

«∨∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ » (How is t hat (lady)) I said t o him, ` Will you give me permission t o go t o my parent s' At t hat t ime I want ed t o confirm t he news by hearing it from t hem. The Messenger of Allah gave me permission, so I went t o my parent s and asked my mot her, ` O my mot her, what are t he people t alking about ' My mot her said, ` Calm down, for by Allah, t here is no beaut iful woman who is loved by her husband and has co-wives but t hose co-wives would find fault wit h her.' I said, ` Subhan Allah! Are t he people really t alking about t hat ' I wept t hroughout t he whole night unt il morning. My t ears never ceased and I did not sleep at all, and morning came while I was st ill weeping. Because t he revelat ion had ceased, t he Messenger of Allah called ` Ali bin Abi Talib and Usamah bin Zayd, and consult ed wit h t hem about divorcing his wife. As for Usamah bin Zayd, he t old t he Messenger of Allah about what he knew of his wife's innocence and his fondness for her. He said, ` O Messenger of Allah, she is your wife, and we do not know anyt hing about her but good.' But ` Ali bin Abi Talib said, ` O Messenger of Allah, Allah has not imposed rest rict ions on you, and t here are plent y of ot her women besides her. If you ask her servant girl, she will t ell you t he t rut h.' So t he Messenger of Allah called Barirah and said,

∇リョ͡ マ ͡ ら⊥ Α͡ゲΑ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ろ ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇モワ∠ り⊥ ゲ∠ Α͡ゲよ∠ ∇ヵぺ∠» «∨∠るゼ ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ハ (O Barirah, have you ever seen anyt hing t hat might make you suspicious about ` A'ishah) Barirah said t o him, ` By t he One Who sent you wit h t he t rut h, I have never seen anyt hing for which I could blame her, apart from t he fact t hat she is a young girl who somet imes falls asleep and leaves her family's dough unprot ect ed so t hat t he domest ic goat s come and eat it .' So t hen t he Messenger of Allah got up and (addressed t he people) and asked who could sort out ` Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul for him. While he was st anding on t he Minbar, t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ギホ∠ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヶ͡ルケ⊥ グ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∠リΒ͡ヨ͡ヤ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バョ∠ ゅ∠Α» ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ぶ ͡ や∠ヲプ∠ ∩ヶ͡わ∇Βよ∠ モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヶ͡プ ロ⊥ や∠クぺ∠ ヶ͡レピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ やヱ⊥ゲミ∠ ク∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヶ͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ «ヶ͡バョ∠ ゅャｚま͡ ヶ͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ゅｚャま͡ (O Muslims, who will help me against a man who has hurt me by slandering my family By Allah, I know not hing about my family but good, and t he people are blaming a man of whom I know not hing except good, and he has never ent ered upon my family except wit h me.) Sa` d bin Mu` adh Al-Ansari st ood up and said, ` O Messenger of Allah, by Allah I will deal wit h him for you. If he is from (t he t ribe of) Al-Aws, t hen I will cut off his head, and if he is from our brot hers of (t he t ribe of) Al-Khazraj , t ell us what t o do and we will do it .' Then Sa` d bin ` Ubadah st ood up. He was t he leader of Al-Khazraj , and he was a right eous man, but he was overwhelmed wit h t ribal chauvinism. He said t o Sa` d bin Mu` adh, ` By Allah, you will not kill him and you will never be able t o kill him.' Then Usayd bin Hudayr, who was t he cousin of Sa` d bin Mu` adh, st ood up and said t o Sa` d bin ` Ubadah, ` You are lying! By Allah, we will kill him,

and you are a hypocrit e arguing on behalf of t he hypocrit es!' Then t he t wo groups, Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj , st art ed t o get angry and were about t o come t o blows, wit h t he Messenger of Allah st anding t here on t he Minbar, t rying t o calm t hem down unt il t hey became quiet , t hen t he Messenger of Allah also fell silent . On t hat day I kept on weeping so much, my t ears never ceased and I did not sleep at all. My parent s t hought t hat my liver would burst from all t hat weeping. While t hey were sit t ing wit h me and I was weeping, a woman of t he Ansar asked for permission t o see me. I let her in, and she sat and wept wit h me. While we were in t hat st at e, t he Messenger of Allah came in, greet ed us and sat down. He had never sat wit h me since t he rumors began, and a mont h had passed by wit hout any revelat ion coming t o him concerning my case. The Messenger of Allah recit ed t he Tashahhud when he sat down, t hen he said,

や∠グミ∠ マ ͡ ∇レハ ∠ ヶ͡レピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ る⊥ ゼ ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ハ ゅ∠Α ∩⊥ギ∇バよ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠» ろ ͡ ∇レミ⊥ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ぶや マ ͡ も⊥ ゲあ ら∠ Β⊥ ジ ∠ プ∠ る⇔ ゃ∠ Α͡ゲよ∠ ろ ͡ ∇レミ⊥ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩や∠グミ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヶ͡よヲ⊥ゎ ｚユを⊥ ぶ ∠ や ヵ͡ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ょ ∃ ∇ルグ∠ よ͡ ろ ͡ ∇ヨヨ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ «ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ ∩∠ゆゅ∠ゎ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ルグ∠ よ͡ フ ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ハや や∠クま͡ ギ∠ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや (Thereaft er, O ` A'ishah, I have been t old such and such a t hing about you, and if you are innocent , t hen Allah will reveal your innocence, but if you have commit t ed a sin, t hen seek Allah's forgiveness and t urn in repent ance t o Him, for when a servant confesses his sin and repent s t o Allah, He accept s his repent ance.) When t he Messenger of Allah finished what he had t o say, my t ears st opped complet ely and I not longer felt even one drop. Then I said t o my fat her, ` Answer t he Messenger of Allah on my behalf.' He said, ` I do not know what I should say t o t he Messenger of Allah.' So I said t o my mot her, ` Answer t he Messenger of Allah on my behalf.' She said, ` I do not know what I should say t o t he Messenger of Allah.' So even t hough I was j ust a young girl who had not memorized much of t he Qur'an, I said: ` By Allah, I know t hat you have heard so much of t his st ory t hat it has become plant ed in your minds and you believe it . So now if I t ell you t hat I am innocent -- and Allah knows t hat I am innocent -- you will not believe me; but if I admit somet hing t o you -- and Allah knows t hat I am innocent -- you will believe me. By Allah, I cannot find any example t o give you except for t hat which t he Prophet Yusuf's fat her said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠バわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∀モΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゲ∀ ∇らダ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So (for me) pat ience is most fit t ing. And it is Allah Whose help can be sought against t hat (lie) which you describe) ぴ12:18び. Then I t urned my face away and lay down on my bed. By Allah, at t hat point I knew I was innocent and t hat Allah would prove my innocence because I was innocent , but by Allah, I did not t hink t hat Allah would reveal Qur'an t hat would be forever recit ed concerning my sit uat ion, because I t hought of myself as t oo insignificant for Allah t o reveal anyt hing concerning me. But I hoped t hat t he Messenger of Allah would see a dream in which Allah would prove my innocence. By Allah, t he Messenger of Allah did not move from where he was sit t ing and no one left t he house before Allah sent down revelat ion t o His Prophet , and he was overt aken by t he st at e t hat always overt ook him when t he revelat ion came upon him, unt il drops of sweat like pearls would run down him, even on a wint er's day; t his was because of t he heaviness of t he words which were being revealed t o him. When t hat st at e passed -- and t he Messenger of Allah was smiling -- t he first t hing he said was,

«ポ ͡ ぺ∠ゲｚ よ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚョぺ∠ ∩⊥るゼ ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ハ ゅ∠Α ヵ͡ゲゼ ͡ ∇よぺ∠» (Be glad O ` A'ishah, Allah has declared your innocence.) My mot her said t o me, ` Get up and go t o him.' I said, ` By Allah, I will not go t o him and I will not give praise t o anyone except Allah, may He be glorified, for He is t he One Who has proven my innocence.' So Allah revealed:

び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ∀る∠ら∇ダハ ⊥ マ ͡ ∇プΗ ͡ ゅ͡よ やヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who brought fort h t he slander are a group among you.), unt il t he t en Ayat . Allah revealed t hese Ayat concerning my innocence. Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, who used t o spend on Mist ah bin Ut hat hah because he was a close relat ive and because he was poor, said, ` By Allah, I will never spend anyt hing on him again aft er what he has said about ` A'ishah. ' Then Allah revealed,

∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ る͡ バ∠ ジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ モ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ モ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ (And let not t hose among you who are blessed wit h graces and wealt h swear not t o give t o t heir kinsmen.) unt il His saying:

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Do you not love t hat Allah should forgive you And Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful) ぴ24:22び. So Abu Bakr said, ` By Allah, cert ainly I love t hat Allah should forgive me.' So he resumed spending on Mist ah as he had spent on him before, and he said, ` By Allah, I shall never st op spending on him.' The Messenger of Allah asked Zaynab bint Jahsh about my sit uat ion, and said,

«∨͡ろ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ろ ͡ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ や∠クゅ∠ョ ょ ⊥ レ∠ ∇Αコ∠ ゅ∠Α» (O Zaynab, what do you know and what have you seen) She said, ` O Messenger of Allah, may Allah prot ect my hearing and my sight . By Allah, I know not hing but good.' She is t he one who used t o compet e wit h me among t he wives of t he Prophet , but Allah prot ect ed her (from t elling lies) because of her piet y. But her sist er Hamnah bint Jahsh kept on fight ing on her behalf, so she was doomed along wit h t hose who were doomed.'' Ibn Shihab said, "This is as much as we know about t his group of people.'' It was also by Al-Bukhari and Muslim in t heir Sahihs from t he Hadit h of Az-Zuhri, and by Ibn Ishaq also from Az-Zuhri. He also said: "Yahya bin ` Abbad bin ` Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr t old me from his fat her, from ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, and ` Abdullah bin Abi Bakr bin Muhammad bin ` Amr bin Hazm Al-Ansari t old me from ` Amrah, from ` A'ishah, (a report ) similar t o t hat quot ed above. And Allah knows best . Allah's saying:

び͡マ∇プΗ ͡ ゅ͡よ やヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ

(Verily, t hose who brought fort h t he slander) means, t he lies, falsehood and fabricat ions.

び∀るら∠ ∇ダハ ⊥ぴ (are a group) means, a gang among you.

び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ や⇔ゲ∂ セ ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (Consider it not a bad t hing for you.) O family of Abu Bakr,

び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, it is good for you.) means, in t his world and t he Hereaft er, honorable ment ion in t his world and raised st at us in t he Hereaft er. Allah demonst rat ed t he est eem wit h which He regarded t he family of Abu Bakr when He defended ` A'ishah t he Mot her of t he believers, may Allah be pleased wit h her, by revealing her innocence in t he Qur'an,

び͡ヮヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ⊥ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ｚぴ (Falsehood cannot come t o it from before it or behind it . ..) ぴ41:42び. Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, ent ered upon her when she was dying, he said t o her, "Rej oice, for you are t he wife of t he Messenger of Allah and he used t o love you; he did not marry any virgin ot her t han you, and your innocence was revealed from heaven.''

び͡ユ∇をΗ ͡ やリ ∠ ョ͡ ょ ∠ ジ ∠ わ∠ ∇ミや ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや あモム⊥ ャ͡ぴ (Unt o every man among t hem will be paid t hat which he had earned of t he sin,) means, each of t hose who spoke about t his mat t er and accused t he Mot her of t he believers ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, of any immoral act ion, will have a great share of punishment .

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇らミ͡ ヴｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (and as for him among t hem who had t he great er share t herein,) It was said t hat t his referred t o t he one who init iat ed t he rumors, or t hat it was t he one who collect ed rumors and spread t hem among t he people.

び∀ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (his will be a great t orment .) means, for t hat . He was ` Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul, may Allah disfigure him and curse him.

ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ｚニ ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇クま͡ Ι∇ヲャｚぴ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャｚ - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀マ∇プ͡ま へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ほよ͡ ￢͡ へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇クみ͡プ∠ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ る͡ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケほ∠よ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ e(12. Why t hen, did not t he believers, men and women, when you heard it , t hink good of t heir own people and say: "This is an obvious lie'') (13. Why did t hey not produce four wit nesses against him Since t hey have not produced wit nesses! Then wit h Allah, t hey are t he liars.)

Disciplining the Believers for spreading the Slander Here Allah disciplines t he believers wit h regard t o t he mat t er of ` A'ishah, because some of t hem spread t his evil t alk and t he slander t hat had been ment ioned. So Allah says:

び⊥ロヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇クま͡ Ι∇ヲャｚぴ (Why t hen, when you heard it ,) meaning, t he t alk which accused t he Mot her of t he believers, may Allah be pleased wit h her,

び⇔やゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ほよ͡ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ｚニ ∠ぴ (t he believers, men and women, t hink good of t heir own people) means, why did t hey not compare what was said t o t hemselves -- if it was not befit t ing for t hem t hen it was even less appropriat e for t he Mot her of t he believers, and she was more likely t o be innocent . Or it was said t hat t his was revealed about Abu Ayyub Khalid bin Zayd Al-Ansari and his wife, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem. Imam Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar narrat ed, "The wife of Abu Ayyub Khalid bin Zayd Al-Ansari, Umm Ayyub, said t o him, ` O Abu Ayyub, have you heard what t he people are saying about ` A'ishah' He said, ` Yes, and it is all lies. Would you do t hat , O Umm Ayyub' She said, ` No, by Allah, I would not do t hat .' He said, ` And by Allah, ` A'ishah is bet t er t han you.' When t he Qur'an was revealed, Allah ment ioned t hose who spoke about t he evil deed among t he people of t he slander,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ∀る∠ら∇ダハ ⊥ マ ͡ ∇プΗ ͡ ゅ͡よ やヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who brought fort h t he slander are a group among you.) ぴ24:1び This refers t o Hassan and his companions who said what t hey said. Then Allah said,

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ｚニ ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇クま͡ Ι∇ヲャｚぴ

(Why t hen, did not t he believers, men, when you heard it , t hink...) means, as Abu Ayyub and his wife did.'' Allah's saying:

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ｚニ ∠ぴ (t he believers, men t hink...) meaning, ` why did t hey not t hink good, because t he Mot her of t he believers is his wife and is closer t o him.' This is concerned wit h innermost feelings;

び∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (and say:) means, wit h t heir t ongues, verbally,

び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀マ∇プ͡ま へ∠グ⇒∠ワぴ ("This (charge) is an obvious lie'') means, a clear unt rut h t old about t he Mot her of t he believers, may Allah be pleased wit h her. What happened should not have been t he cause of suspicion. The fact t hat t he Mot her of t he believers came openly, riding on t he camel of Safwan bin AlMu` at t al at midday, wit h t he ent ire army wat ching and t he Messenger of Allah among t hem, should have made it clear t hat t here was no cause for suspicion. If t here had been anyt hing suspicious about t he mat t er, t hey would not have come openly in t his manner in front of so many wit nesses; t hey would have come secret ly. On t his basis, what t he people of t he slander said accusing t he Mot her of t he believers was an ut t er lie, false speech and evil foolish t alk, by which people who indulged in it lost out . Allah said:

び∠￢へギ∠ ヰ∠ セ ⊥ る͡ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケほ∠よ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャｚぴ (Why did t hey not produce four wit nesses against him) meaning, t o prove t hat what t hey were saying was t rue.

ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ￢͡ へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇クみ͡プ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (Since t hey have not produced wit nesses! Then wit h Allah t hey are t he liars.)Allah has ruled t hat t hey are indeed wicked liars.

ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ｚ ヨ∠ ャ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ワ͡ ヲ∠ ∇プほ∠よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャほ∠よ͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヲボｚ ヤ∠ゎ∠ ∇クま͡ -

∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レあΒワ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ユ∇ヤ͡ハ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ び (14. Had it not been for t he grace of Allah and His mercy unt o you in t his world and in t he Hereaft er, a great t orment would have t ouched you for t hat whereof you had spoken.) (15. When you were propagat ing it wit h your t ongues, and ut t ering wit h your mout hs t hat whereof you had no knowledge, you count ed it a lit t le t hing, while wit h Allah it was very great .)

The Grace of Allah towards the People of the Slander by giving Them the Opportunity to repent Allah says,

ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び͡りゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ (Had it not been for t he grace of Allah and His mercy unt o you in t his world and in t he Hereaft er,) This is addressed t o t hose who were indulging in discussing t he mat t er of ` A'ishah, informing t hem t hat Allah has accept ed t heir repent ance in t his world, and forgiven t hem because of t heir fait h in t he Hereaft er.

び͡ヮΒ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ｚ ヨ∠ ャ∠ぴ (would have t ouched you for t hat whereof you had spoken.) wit h regard t o t he slander.

び∀ユΒ͡ヌハ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハぴ (a great t orment ) This refers t o t hose who had fait h in Allah because of t heir repent ance, such as Mist ah, Hassan and Hamnah bint Jahsh t he sist er of Zaynab bint Jahsh. As for t he hypocrit es who indulged in t he slander, such as ` Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul and his like, t hey are not t he ones who are referred t o in t his Ayah , because t hey did not have sufficient fait h and right eous deeds t o balance or cancel out what t hey had done. By t he same t oken, t he t hreat s t hat were narrat ed for a specific deed are bound t o be carried out , if t here is no repent ance or sufficient right eous deeds t o balance or out weigh it . Then Allah says:

び∇ユム⊥ わ͡ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャほ∠よ͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヲボｚ ヤ∠ゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ (When you were propagat ing it wit h your t ongues,) Muj ahid and Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "Some of you were relat ing it t o ot hers,'' where one says, ` I heard t his from so-and-so, and so-and-so said such and such, and some of t hem ment ioned such and such.' Ot hers recit ed t he Ayah: (∇クま͡

ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ボヤ͡ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャほ∠よ͡ ) ("When you were invent ing a lie wit h your t ongues...'') In Sahih Al-Bukhari, it is recorded t hat ` A'ishah recit ed it like t hat . According t o her, t he meaning refers t o lies which a person persist s in t elling. The first recit at ion is preferred and more popular, and t he maj orit y recit e it t hat way, but t he second is report ed from ` A'ishah, t he Mot her of t he believers.

び∀ユ∇ヤハ ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ワ͡ ヲ∠ ∇プほ∠よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and ut t ering wit h your mout hs t hat whereof you had no knowledge,) means, you were speaking about somet hing which you knew not hing about . Then Allah says:

び∀ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レあΒワ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (you count ed it a lit t le t hing, while wit h Allah it was very great .) means, ` you said what you said about t he Mot her of t he believers and you t hought t hat it was a t rifling and insignificant mat t er, but even if she was not t he wife of t he Prophet , it st ill would not be an insignificant mat t er -- so how about when she is t he wife of t he Unlet t ered Prophet , t he Seal of t he Prophet s and Leader of t he Messengers ' It is a very serious mat t er wit h Allah t hat such a t hing should be said about t he wife of His Messenger! For Allah, may He be glorified and exalt ed, feels great fury and anger over such mat t ers, and He would never decree such a t hing for t he wife of any of His Prophet s. If t hat is t he case, t hen how about t he best of t he wives of any Prophet , t he wife of t he best of t he sons of Adam in t his world and t he next Allah says:

び∀ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レあΒワ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (you count ed it a lit t le t hing, while wit h Allah it was very great .) In t he Two Sahihs it is report ed t hat :

ゅ∠ャ ∩͡ぶや テ ͡ガ ∠シ ∠ ∇リョ͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤｚム∠ わ∠ Β∠ ャ∠ モ ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ∠ バ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヵ͡ヲ∇ヰΑ∠ ∩⊥ヒヤ⊥∇らゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヵ͡ケ∇ギΑ∠ «チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (A man may say a word t hat angers Allah wit hout realizing how far it will go, and because of t hat he will be t hrown int o Hell a dist ance great er t han t hat bet ween heaven and eart h.) According t o anot her report :

«ゅ⇔ャゅ∠よ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ヶ͡ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» (And he may not pay any at t ent ion t o it .)

ユ∠ ヤｚム∠ わ∠ ルｚ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レ∠ャ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇クま͡ Ι∇ヲ∠ャ∠ヱぴ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ヌ ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀リ⇒∠わ∇ヰよ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んヨ͡ ャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥キヲ⊥バゎ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ (16. And why did you not , when you heard it , say: "It is not right for us t o speak of t his. Glory be t o You (O Allah)! This is a great lie.'') (17. Allah forbids you from it and warns you not t o repeat t he like of it forever, if you are believers.) (18. And Allah makes t he Ayat plain t o you, and Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.)

Further Discipline This is furt her discipline, in addit ion t o t he command t o t hink well of people, i.e., if somet hing unbefit t ing is ment ioned about good people, t hen one should t hink well of t hem, and not feel t owards t hem anyt hing but good. Then if a person has any unsuit able t hought s about t hem, insinuat ed int o his mind and imaginat ion by Shayt an, he should not speak about t hat , for t he Prophet said:

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ろを∠ ギｚ ェ ∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヶ͡わョｚ ほ⊥ャ͡ コ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠イゎ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» «∇モヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇モボ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ (Allah will excuse my Ummah for anyt hing t hat occurs t o t heir minds, so long as t hey do not speak about it or act upon it .) This was report ed in t he Two Sahihs. Allah's saying:

ユ∠ ヤｚム∠ わ∠ ルｚ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レ∠ャ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇クま͡ Ι∇ヲ∠ャ∠ヱぴ びや∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ (And why did you not , when you heard it , say: "It is not right for us t o speak of t his''.) meaning, we should not t alk about it or ment ion it t o anyone.

び∀ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ∀リ⇒∠わ∇ヰよ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ (Glory be t o You (O Allah)! This is a great lie.) means, glory be t o Allah t hat such a t hing should be said about t he wife of His Prophet and close Friend . Then Allah says,

び⇔やギ∠よぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んヨ͡ ャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥キヲ⊥バゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ヌ ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ぴ (Allah forbids you from it and warns you not t o repeat t he like of it forever, ) meaning, Allah is forbidding you and warning you from doing anyt hing like t his again in t he fut ure. Allah says,

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡まぴ (if you are believers.) meaning, if you believe in Allah and His Laws, and you respect His Messenger . As for t hose who are described as disbelievers, a different ruling applies in t heir case. Then Allah says,

び͡ろ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah makes t he Ayat plain t o you,) meaning, He makes clear t o you t he rulings of Shari` ah and His divine decrees.

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (and Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.) means, He knows what is right for His servant s and He is Wise in His Laws and decrees.

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ͡プ る⊥ ゼ ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ノ∠ Β͡ゼゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ (19. Verily, t hose who like t hat Fahishah should be circulat ed among t hose who believe, t hey will have a painful t orment in t his world and in t he Hereaft er. And Allah knows and you know not .)

Disciplining Those Who like that Illegal Sexual Intercourse should be circulated among the Believers This is a t hird inst ance of discipline direct ed at t hose who hear evil t alk, believe it t o some ext ent , and st art t o spread it ; t hey should not spread such t alk or pass it on t o ot hers. Allah says:

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ͡プ る⊥ ゼ ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ノ∠ Β͡ゼゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び∀ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ (Verily, t hose who like t hat Fahshah should be circulat ed among t hose who believe, t hey will have a painful t orment ) meaning, t hose who like t o see evil t alk about t hem (t he believers) appear,

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (t hey will have a painful t orment in t his world) means, because of t he prescribed punishment , and in t he Hereaft er because of t he t orment in Hell.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah knows and you know not .) means, ret urn t he mat t er t o Him and you will be guided. Imam Ahmad recorded from Thawban t hat t he Prophet said:

やヲ⊥らヤ⊥∇トゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲあΒバ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ やヱ⊥ク∇ぽゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» ユ͡ ヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ り∠ ケ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ょ ∠ ヤ∠デ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルみ͡プ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ や∠ケ∇ヲハ ∠ «ヮ͡ わ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ エ ∠ツ ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩⊥ヮゎ∠ ケ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やょ ∠ ヤ∠デ ∠ (Do not annoy t he servant s of Allah, nor abuse t hem, nor seek t heir hidden short comings. Whoever seeks out t he fault s of his Muslim brot her, Allah will expose his fault s and degrade him, even if he is hiding in his house.)

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ - ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ケ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや れ ͡ ヲ∠ ト ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ノら͡ わｚ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや れ ͡ ヲ∠ ト ⊥カ ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠ゼ∇エヘ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ヴ∠ミコ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヴあミゴ∠ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや

(20. And had it not been for t he grace of Allah and His mercy on you, and t hat Allah is full of kindness, Most Merciful.) (21. O you who believe! Follow not t he Khut uwat of Shayt an. And whosoever follows t he foot st eps of Shayt an, t hen, verily, he commands Al-Fahsha' and t he evil deeds. And had it not been for t he grace of Allah and His mercy on you, not one of you would ever have been pure from sins. But Allah purifies whom He wills, and Allah is All-Hearer, AllKnower.)

A Reminder of the Grace of Allah and a Warning against following the Footsteps of Shaytan Allah says:

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ケ (And had it not been for t he grace of Allah and His mercy on you, and t hat Allah is full of kindness, Most Merciful.) meaning, if it were not for t his, it would have been anot her mat t er alt oget her, but He, may He be exalt ed, is full of kindness t owards His servant s and Merciful t owards t hem. He accept s t he repent ance of t hose who repent t o Him from t his sin, and purifies t hose among t hem who are purified by t he prescribed punishment carried out on t hem. Then Allah says:

び͡リ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや れ ͡ ヲ∠ ト ⊥カ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O you who believe! Follow not t he Khut uwat of Shayt an.) hmeaning, his ways and pat hs and what he commands,

￢͡ べ∠ゼ∇エヘ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや れ ͡ ヲ∠ ト ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ノら͡ わｚ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び͡ゲム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャやヱ∠ (And whosoever follows t he foot st eps of Shayt an, t hen, verily, he commands immoralit y and t he evil deeds.) This is a warning given in t he most concise and eloquent manner. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah recorded from Ibn ` Abbas t hat

び͡リ⇒ト ∠ ∇Βゼ ｚ ャや れ ͡ ヲ∠ ト ⊥カ ⊥ぴ (t he Khut uwat of Shayt an) means his deeds. ` Ikrimah said t hat it means his evil whispers. Qat adah said: "Every sin is one of t he foot st eps of Shayt an.'' Abu Mij laz said: "Vowing t o commit sin is one of t he foot st eps of Shayt an.'' Then Allah says:

ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ヴ∠ミコ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び⇔やギ∠よぺ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョあ (And had it not been for t he grace of Allah and His mercy on you, not one of you would ever have been pure from sins.) meaning, if He did not help whomever He wills t o repent and come back t o Him and be purified from Shirk, evil and sin, and what ever bad charact erist ics each person has according t o his nat ure, no one would ever at t ain purit y and goodness.

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヴあミゴ∠ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (But Allah purifies whom He wills) means, among His creat ion, and He sends ast ray whomever He wills, leaving him t o be doomed in his misguidance and sin.

び∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (and Allah is All-Hearer,) means, He hears what His servant s say,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ぴ (All-Knower.) of who deserves t o be guided and who deserves t o be misguided.

∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ る͡ バ∠ ジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ モ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ モ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ゲイ ͡ ⇒∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ム⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エヘ∠ ∇ダΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇バΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ (22. And let not t hose among you who are blessed wit h graces and wealt h swear not t o give t o t heir kinsmen, t he poor, and t hose who left t heir homes for Allah's cause. Let t hem pardon and forgive. Do you not love t hat Allah should forgive you And Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

Urging Those Who have been blessed with Wealth to give and to be tolerant Allah says,

び͡モゎ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And let not swear) meaning, make an oat h,

び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ モ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (t hose among you who are blessed wit h graces ) means, t hose who have t he means t o give charit y and do good,

び͡る∠バジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (and wealt h) means, good fort une,

リ ∠ Α͡ゲイ ͡ ⇒∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ム⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ (t o give t o t heir kinsmen, t he poor, and t hose who left t heir homes for Allah's cause.) means, do not swear t hat you will not uphold t he t ies of kinship wit h your relat ives who are needy or who migrat ed for t he sake of Allah, which is t he ult imat e act of kindness in t he area of upholding kinship t ies. Allah says,

び∇やヲ⊥エヘ∠ ∇ダΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇バΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ぴ (Let t hem pardon and forgive.) past insult s and bad t reat ment . This is part of t he pat ience, generosit y and kindness of Allah t owards His creat ion, despit e t he fact t hat t hey wrong t hemselves. This Ayah was revealed concerning As-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased wit h him, when he swore t hat he would not help Mist ah bin Ut hat hah aft er he said what he said about ` A'ishah, as we have already seen in t he Hadit h. When Allah revealed t he innocence of t he Mot her of t he believers, ` A'ishah, and t he believers were happy and cont ent wit h t he out come of t his incident , and t hose believers who had t alked about t he mat t er repent ed, and t he prescribed punishment had been carried out upon t hose on whom it was carried out , t hen Allah st art ed t o soft en t he heart of As-Siddiq t owards his relat ive Mist ah bin Ut hat hah. Mist ah was t he cousin of As-Siddiq, t he son of his mat ernal aunt , and he was a poor man wit h no wealt h except what ever Abu Bakr spent on him. He was one of t hose who had migrat ed for t he sake of Allah. He had invent ed t he lies and t he slander, but t hen Allah accept ed his repent ance from t hat and t he prescribed punishment was carried out on him. As-Siddiq was known for his generosit y and he did favors t o his relat ives and st rangers alike. When t his Ayah was revealed:

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Do you not love t hat Allah should forgive you), which shows t hat t he reward fit s t he act ion, and t hat ` if you forgive ot hers, you will be forgiven,' t hen As-Siddiq said, "Of course, by Allah, we love -- O our Lord -- t hat You should forgive us.'' Then he resumed his spending on Mist ah

and said, "By Allah I will never st op spending on him.'' This was t o count eract what he had said previously, "By Allah I will never spend on him.'' This proves t hat he deserved t o be called AsSiddiq, may Allah be pleased wit h him and his daught er.

ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ピ∇ャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠レダ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョ∇ゲΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レバ͡ ャ⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒レ͡ョ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ Βあプヲ∠ Α⊥ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ びリ ⊥ Β͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α∠ヱ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ (23. Verily, t hose who accuse chast e believing women, who never even t hink of anyt hing t ouching t heir chast it y and are good believers -- are cursed in t his life and in t he Hereaft er, and for t hem will be a great t orment .) (24. On t he Day when t heir t ongues, t heir hands, and t heir legs will bear wit ness against t hem as t o what t hey used t o do.) (25. On t hat Day Allah will pay t hem t he recompense of t heir deeds in full, and t hey will know t hat Allah, He is t he Manifest Trut h.)

A Threat to Those who accuse Chaste Women, Who never even think of anything touching their Chastity and are Good Believers This is a warning and t hreat from Allah t o t hose who accuse chast e women, who never even t hink of anyt hing effect ing t heir chast it y since t hey are good believers. The Mot hers of t he believers are more ent it led t o be included in t his cat egory t han any ot her chast e woman, especially t he one who was t he reason for t his Ayah being revealed: ` A'ishah bint As-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem bot h. All of t he scholars agree t hat whoever slanders her or makes accusat ions against aft er what has been said in t his Ayah, is a disbeliever, because of his being obst inat e wit h t he Qur'an. The same ruling applies t o all of t he Mot hers of t he believers.

び͡りゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レ͡バャ⊥ぴ (are cursed in t his life and in t he Hereaft er,) This is like t he Ayah:

び⊥ヮ∠ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ク∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who annoy Allah and His Messenger,) ぴ33:57び ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, "This is about ` A'ishah, and whoever does anyt hing similar nowadays t o Muslim women, t he same applies t o him, but ` A'ishah is t he one who is primarily referred t o here.'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

«れ ͡ ゅ∠ボよ͡ ヲ⊥ヨ∇ャや ノ∠ ∇らジ ｚ ャや やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや» (Shun t he seven dest ruct ive sins. ) He was asked, "What are t hey, O Messenger of Allah'' He said:

ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヶ͡わャｚや ザ ͡ ∇ヘレｚ ャや モ ⊥ ∇わホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ゲ∇エジ あ ャや∠ヱ ∩͡ぶゅ͡よ ポ ⊥ ∇ゲあゼャや» ∩͡ユΒ͡わΒ∠ ∇ャや メ ͡ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠よゲあ ャや モ ⊥ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩あペ∠エ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅｚャま͡ ぶ ⊥ や れ ͡ ゅ∠レダ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや フ ⊥ ∇グホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ブ∇ェゴｚ ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶあャヲ∠ わｚ ャや∠ヱ «れ ͡ ゅ∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや れ ͡ ゅ∠ヤプ͡ ゅ∠ピ∇ャや (Associat ing part ners wit h Allah; magic; killing a soul whom Allah has forbidden t o be killed, except wit h j ust cause; consuming Riba; consuming t he propert y of orphans; desert ion at t he t ime of war; and accusing chast e women, who never even t hink of anyt hing t ouching t heir chast it y and are good believers.) This was recorded by Al-Bukhari and Muslim in t he Two Sahihs.

ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ (On t he Day when t heir t ongues, t heir hands, and t heir legs will bear wit ness against t hem as t o what t hey used t o do.) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "This refers t o t he idolat ors when t hey realize t hat no one will ent er Paradise except t he people who used t o perform Salah. They will say, ` Come, let us deny (everyt hing).' So t hey will deny (everyt hing), t hen t heir mout hs will be sealed and t heir hands and feet will t est ify against t hem, and t hey will not be able t o hide anyt hing from Allah.'' Ibn Abi Hat im also recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said, "We were wit h t he Prophet and he smiled so broadly t hat his back t eet h could be seen, t hen he said:

«∨⊥マエ ∠ ∇ッぺ∠ ユｚ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケ∇ギゎ∠ ぺ∠» (Do you know why I am smiling) We said, ` Allah and His Messenger know best .' He said,

∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ギ͡ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや る͡ ャ∠キ∠ ゅ∠イョ⊥ ∇リョ͡ » ゴ⊥ Β͡ィぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ヴ∠ヤよ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨͡ユ∇ヤヌ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヶ͡ル∇ゲイ ͡ ゎ⊥ マ ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ∇リョ͡やゅｚャま͡ や⇔ギワ͡ ゅ∠セ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠

ユ⊥ わ∠ ∇ガΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩や⇔キヲ⊥ヰセ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ͡ や∠ゲム͡ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ｚユを⊥ ∩͡ヮヤ͡ヨ∠ バ∠ よ͡ ペ ∠ト ͡ ∇レわ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡ボト ͡ ∇ルや :ヮ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠ミ∇ケほ∠ャ͡ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔ボ∇エシ ⊥ ヱ∠ ｚリム⊥ ャ∠ や⇔ギ∇バよ⊥ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠ヤム∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴｚヤガ ∠ Α⊥ «モ ⊥ッ ͡ ゅ∠ルぺ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ リ ｚ ム⊥ ∇レバ∠ プ∠ (Because of t he way a person will disput e wit h his Lord. He will say, "O Lord, did you not prot ect me from doing wrong'' Allah will say, "Of course,'' The person will say, "I will not accept for anyone t o give t est imony concerning me except myself.'' Allah will say, "You are sufficient as a wit ness against yourself.'' Then a seal will be put upon his mout h and it will be said t o his facult ies, "Speak.'' So t hey will speak about his deeds. Then he will be permit t ed t o speak, and he will say, "Away wit h you! I was only speaking in your defence!'') This was recorded by Muslim and An-Nasa'i.

びｚペ∠エ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ Βあプヲ∠ Α⊥ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t hat Day Allah will pay Dinahum,) Ibn ` Abbas said,

び⊥ユヰ⊥ レ∠ Α͡キぴ (Dinahum) "Meaning ` t heir account .' Every t ime Dinahum appears in t he Qur'an it means ` t heir account .''' This was also t he view of ot her scholars.

び⊥リΒ͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey will know t hat Allah, He is t he Manifest Trut h.) means, His promise, His t hreat and His reckoning are all j ust and t here is no unfairness in t hem.

ろ ͡ ⇒∠んΒ͡らガ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥んΒ͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡んΒ͡らガ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠んΒ͡らガ ∠ ∇ャやぴ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠らΒあ ト ｚ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らΒあ ト ｚ ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡らΒあ ト ｚ ヤ͡ャ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや∠ヱ び ∀ユΑ͡ゲ∠ミ ベ ∀ ∇コケ͡ ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゲｚ ら∠ ョ⊥ (26. Bad st at ement s are for bad people and bad people for bad st at ement s. Good st at ement s are for good people and good people for good st at ement s: such are innocent of (every) bad st at ement which t hey say; for t hem is forgiveness, and honored provision.)

The Goodness of ` A'ishah because She is married to the best of Mankind Ibn ` Abbas said, "Evil words are for evil men, and evil men are for evil words; good words are for good men and good men are for good words. This was revealed concerning ` A'ishah and t he people of t he slander.'' This was also narrat ed from Muj ahid, ` At a', Sa` id bin Jubayr, AshSha` bi, Al-Hasan bin Abu Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Habib bin Abi Thabit and Ad-Dahhak, and it was also t he view favored by Ibn Jarir. He int erpret ed it t o mean t hat evil speech is more suit ed t o evil people, and good speech is more suit ed t o good people. What t he hypocrit es at t ribut ed t o ` A'ishah was more suit ed t o t hem, and she was most suit ed t o innocence and having not hing t o do wit h t hem. Allah said:

び∠ラヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゲｚ ら∠ ョ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (such (good people) are innocent of (every) bad st at ement which t hey say;) ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, "Evil women are for evil men and evil men are for evil women, and good women are for good men and good men are for good women.'' This also necessarily refers back t o what t hey said, i.e., Allah would not have made ` A'ishah t he wife of His Messenger unless she had been good, because he is t he best of t he best of mankind. If she had been evil, she would not have been a suit able part ner eit her according t o His Laws or His decree. Allah said:

び∠ラヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゲｚ ら∠ ョ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (such are innocent of (every) bad st at ement which t hey say;) meaning, t hey are remot e from what t he people of slander and enmit y say.

び∀りゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ぴ (for t hem is forgiveness,) means, because of t he lies t hat were t old about t hem,

び∀ユΑ͡ゲミ∠ ベ ∀ ∇コケ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and honored provision.) meaning, wit h Allah in t he Gardens of Delight . This implies a promise t hat she will be t he wife of t he Messenger of Allah in Paradise.

∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤあジ ∠ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ジル͡ ∇ほわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∇やヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ケや ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ ラ͡まヱ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ク∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠

- ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ミ∇コぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ケゅ∠プ る∃ ル∠ ヲ⊥ム∇ジョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ネゅ∠わ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (27. O you who believe! Ent er not houses ot her t han your own, unt il you have asked permission and greet ed t hose in t hem; t hat is bet t er for you, in order t hat you may remember.) (28. And if you find no one t herein, st ill ent er not unt il permission has been given. And if you are asked t o go back, go back, for it is purer for you. And Allah is All-Knower of what you do.) (29. There is no sin on you t hat you ent er houses uninhabit ed, you have any int erest in t hem. And Allah has knowledge of what you reveal and what you conceal.)

Seeking Permission and the Etiquette of entering Houses This is t he Islamic et iquet t e. Allah t aught t hese manners (of seeking permission) t o His believing servant s and commanded t hem not t o ent er houses ot her t han t heir own unt il t hey had asked permission, i.e., t o ask for permission before ent ering and t o give t he greet ing of Salam aft er asking. One should seek permission t hree t imes, and if permission is given, (he may ent er), ot herwise he should go away.It was report ed in t he Sahih t hat when Abu Musa asked ` Umar t hree t imes for permission t o ent er and he did not give him permission, he went away. Then ` Umar said, "Did I not hear t he voice of ` Abdullah bin Qays asking for permission t o ent er Let him come in.'' So t hey looked for him, but found t hat he had gone. When he came lat er on, ` Umar said, "Why did you go away'' He said, "I asked for permission t o ent er t hree t imes, but permission was not given t o me, and I heard t he Prophet say,

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ラク∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ク∠ ∇ほわ∠ ∇シや や∠クま͡» «∇フゲ͡ ダ ∠ ∇レΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ (If any one of you asks for permission t hree t imes and it is not given, t hen let him go away.)'' ` Umar said, "You should cert ainly bring me evidence for t his or I shall beat you!'' So he went t o a group of t he Ansar and t old t hem what ` Umar said. They said, "No one will give t est imony for you but t he youngest of us.'' So Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri went wit h him and t old ` Umar about t hat . ` Umar said, "What kept me from learning t hat was my being busy in t he market place.'' Imam Ahmad recorded a narrat ion st at ing t hat Anas or someone else said t hat t he Messenger of Allah asked for permission t o ent er upon Sa` d bin ` Ubadah. He said:

«ぶ ͡ や る⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや» (As-Salamu ` Alayka wa Rahmat ullah) Sa` d said, "Wa ` Alaykas-Salam Wa Rahmat ullah,'' but t he Prophet did not hear t he ret urned greet ing unt il he had given t he greet ing t hree t imes and Sa` d had ret urned t he greet ing t hree t imes, but he did not let him hear him ぴi.e., Sa` d responded in a low voiceび. So t he Prophet went back, and Sa` d followed him and said,"O Messenger of Allah, may my fat her and mot her be ransomed for you! You did not give any greet ing but I responded t o you, but I did not let you hear me. I want ed t o get more of your

Salams and blessings.'' Then he admit t ed him t o his house and offered him some raisins. The Prophet at e, and when he finished, he said,

∩⊥るム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろヤｚタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ケや∠ゲ∇よほ∠∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ョ∠ ゅ∠バデ ∠ モ ∠ ミ∠ ぺ∠» «ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨも͡ ゅｚダャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ゲ∠ ト ∠ ∇プぺ∠ヱ∠ (May t he right eous eat your food, may t he angels send blessings upon you and may t hose who are fast ing break t heir fast wit h you.) It should also be known t hat t he one who is seeking permission t o ent er should not st and direct ly in front of t he door; he should have t he door on his right or left , because of t he Hadit h recorded by Abu Dawud from ` Abdullah bin Busr, who said, "When t he Messenger of Allah came t o someone's door, he would never st and direct ly in front of it , but t o t he right or left , and he would say,

«∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ∩∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや» (As-Salamu ` Alaykum, As-Salamu ` Alaykum.) That was because at t hat t ime t he houses had no covers or curt ains over t heir doorways.'' This report was recorded by Abu Dawud only. In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇プグ∠ ガ ∠ プ∠ ラ ∃ ∇クま͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ノ∠ ヤ∠デ ｚ や や⇔￢ゲ∠ ∇ョや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠» «ゥ ∃ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ∩⊥ヮレ∠ ∇Βハ ∠ れ ∠ ∇ほボ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ り∃ ゅ∠ダエ ∠ よ͡ (If a person looks int o your house wit hout your permission, and you t hrow a st one at him and it put s his eye out , t here will be no blame on you.) The Group recorded t hat Jabir said, "I came t o t he Prophet wit h somet hing t hat was owed by my fat her and knocked at t he door. He said,

«∨や∠ク ∇リョ∠ » (Who is t hat ) I said, "I am!'' He said,

«ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ» (I I) as if he disliked it .'' He did not like it because t his word t ells you not hing about who is saying it , unless he clearly st at es his name or t he name by which he is known, (nickname) ot herwise everyone could call himself "Me'', and it does not fulfill t he purpose of asking permission t o ent er, which is t o put people at t heir ease, as commanded in t he Ayah. Al-` Awfi narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas, "Put t ing people at ease means seeking permission t o ent er.'' This was also t he view of ot hers. Imam Ahmad recorded from Kaladah bin Al-Hanbal t hat at t he t ime of t he Conquest (of Makkah), Safwan bin Umayyah sent him wit h milk, a small gazelle, and small cucumbers when t he Prophet was at t he t op of t he valley. He said, "I ent ered upon t he Prophet and I did not give t he greet ing of Salam nor ask for permission t o ent er. The Prophet said,

«∨⊥モカ ⊥ ∇キぺ∠ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや :∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ∇ノィ ͡ ∇ケや» (Go back and say: "As-Salamu ` Alaykum, may I ent er'') This was aft er Safwan had become Muslim.'' This was also recorded by Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i. At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib.'' Ibn Jurayj said t hat he heard ` At a' bin Abi Rabah narrat ing t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Alah be pleased wit h him, said, "There are t hree Ayat whose rulings people neglect . Allah says,

び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ボ∇ゎぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ ョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he most honorable of you wit h Allah is t he one who has t he most Taqwa) ぴ49:13び, But (now) t hey say t hat t he most honorable of t hem wit h Allah is t he one who has t he biggest house. As for seeking permission, t he people have forgot t en all about it .'' I said, "Should I seek permission t o ent er upon my orphan sist ers who are living wit h me in one house'' He said, "Yes.'' I asked him t o make allowances for me but he refused and said, "Do you want t o see t hem naked'' I said, "No.'' He said, "Then ask for permission t o ent er.'' I asked him again and he said, "Do you want t o obey Allah'' I said, "Yes.'' He said, "Then ask for permission.'' Ibn Jurayj said, "Ibn Tawus t old me t hat his fat her said, ` There are no women whom I hat e t o see naked more t han t hose who are my Mahrams.' He was very st rict on t his point .'' Ibn Jurayj narrat ed t hat AzZuhri said, "I heard Huzayl bin Shurahbil Al-Awdi Al-A` ma (say t hat ) he heard Ibn Mas` ud say, ` You have t o seek permission t o ent er upon your mot hers.''' Ibn Jurayj said, "I said t o ` At a': ` Does a man have t o seek permission t o ent er upon his wife' He said, ` No, it can be underst ood t hat t his is not obligat ory, but it is bet t er for him t o let her know t hat he is coming in so as not t o st art le her, because she may be in a st at e where she does not want him t o see her. ''' Abu Ja` far bin Jarir narrat ed from t he nephew of Zaynab -- t he wife of ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud -t hat Zaynab, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said, "When ` Abdullah came back from some errand and reached t he door, he would clear his t hroat and spit , because he did not want t o come suddenly and find us in a st at e he disliked.'' It s chain of narrat ion is Sahih.

∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ びゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤあジ ∠ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ジル͡ ∇ほわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ (O you who believe! Ent er not houses ot her t han your own, unt il you have asked permission and greet ed t hose in t hem;) Muqat il bin Hayyan said: "During t he Jahiliyyah, when a man met his friend, he would not greet him wit h Salam; rat her he would say "Huyyit a Sabahan'' or "Huyyit a Masa'an'' ぴequivalent t o "Good morning'' or "Good evening''び. This was t he greet ing among t he people at t hat t ime. They did not seek permission t o ent er one anot her's houses; a man might walk st raight in and say, "I have come in,'' and so on. This was difficult for a man t o bear, as he might be wit h his wife. So Allah changed all t hat by enj oining covering and chast it y, making it pure and free of any sin or impropriet y. So Allah said:

∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ びゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤあジ ∠ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ジル͡ ∇ほわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠

(O you who believe! Ent er not houses ot her t han your own, unt il you have asked permission and greet ed t hose in t hem...) What Muqat il said is good. Allah said:

び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (t hat is bet t er for you,) meaning, seeking permission t o ent er in is bet t er for you because it is bet t er for bot h part ies, t he one who is seeking permission t o ent er and t he people inside t he house.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (in order t hat you may remember.)

ラ ∠ ク∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ び⊥ユム⊥ ャ∠ (And if you find no one t herein, st ill ent er not unt il permission has been given.) This has t o do wit h t he way in which one deals wit h ot her people's propert y wit hout t heir permission. If he want s t o, he can give permission, and if he want s t o he can refrain from giving permission.

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ミ∇コぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ケゅ∠プ ∇やヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ケや ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if you are asked t o go back, go back, for it is purer for you.) means, if you are t urned away at t he door, before or aft er permission has been given,

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ミ∇コぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ケゅ∠プぴ (go back, for it is purer for you.) means, going back is purer and bet t er for you.

び∀ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is All-Knower of what you do.) Qat adah said t hat one of t he emigrant s said: "All my life I t ried t o follow t his Ayah, but if I asked for permission t o ent er upon one of my brot hers and he asked me t o go back, I could not do so happily, alt hough Allah says,

∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ミ∇コぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ケゅ∠プ ∇やヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ケや ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び∀ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (And if you are asked t o go back, go back, for it is purer for you. And Allah is All-Knower of what you do.)''

び∇やヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ケゅ∠プ ∇やヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ケや ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if you are asked t o go back, go back....) Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "This means, do not st and at people's doors.''

ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ び∃るル∠ ヲ⊥ム∇ジョ∠ (There is no sin on you t hat you ent er houses uninhabit ed,) This Ayah is more specific t han t he one t hat comes before it , because it st at es t hat it is permissible t o ent er houses where t here is nobody, if one has a reason for doing so, such as houses t hat are prepared for guest s -- if he has been given permission once, t hen t his is sufficient . Ibn Jurayj said, "Ibn ` Abbas said:

び∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (Ent er not houses ot her t han your own, ) t hen t his was abrogat ed and an except ion was made, and Allah said:

る∃ ル∠ ヲ⊥ム∇ジョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ネゅ∠わ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (There is no sin on you t hat you ent er houses uninhabit ed, (when) you have any int erest in t hem.) This was also narrat ed from ` Ikrimah and Al-Hasan Al-Basri.

∇やヲ⊥ヌヘ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲぁツピ⊥ Α∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡ら∠カ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ミ∇コぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲプ⊥ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ (30. Tell t he believing men t o lower t heir gaze, and prot ect t heir privat e part s. That is purer for t hem. Verily, Allah is All-Aware of what t hey do.) The Command t o lower t he Gaze This is a command from Allah t o His believing servant s, t o lower t heir gaze from looking at t hings t hat have been prohibit ed for t hem. They should look only at what is permissible for t hem t o look at , and lower t heir gaze from forbidden t hings. If it so happens t hat a person's gaze unint ent ionally falls upon somet hing forbidden, he should quickly look away. Muslim recorded in his Sahih t hat Jarir bin ` Abdullah Al-Baj ali, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "I asked t he Prophet about t he sudden glance, and he commanded me t o t urn my gaze away. In t he Sahih it is narrat ed t hat Abu Sa` id said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

«れ ͡ ゅ∠ホゲ⊥ ト ぁ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤイ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡» (Beware of sit t ing in t he st reet s.) They said, "O Messenger of Allah, we have no alt ernat ive but t o sit in t he st reet s t o converse wit h one anot her.'' The Messenger of Allah said:

«ヮ⊥ ｚボェ ∠ ペ ∠ Α͡ゲト ｚ ャや やヲ⊥ト∇ハほ∠プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βよ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡» (If you insist , t hen give t he st reet it s right s.) They asked, "What are t he right s of t he st reet , O Messenger of Allah'' He said,

∩͡ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや キぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ン∠クほ∠∇ャや ブ ぁ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゲ͡ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ヂ ぁ ビ ∠» «ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヶ ⊥ ∇ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ ∩͡フヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゲ⊥ ∇ョほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ (Lower your gaze, ret urn t he greet ing of Salam, enj oin what is good and forbid what is evil.) Abu Al-Qasim Al-Baghawi recorded t hat Abu Umamah said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah say:

ゐｚギェ ∠ や∠クま͡ :る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇モヘ⊥ ∇ミぺ∠ ゅ６わ͡シ ヶ͡ャ やヲ⊥ヤヘ⊥ ∇ミや» ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩∇リガ ⊥ Α∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ リ ∠ ヨ͡ わ⊥ ∇もや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩∇ゆグ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ やヲぁヘミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠ダ∇よぺ∠ やヲぁツビ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∇ブヤ͡∇ガΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ «∇ユム⊥ ィ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲプ⊥ やヲ⊥ヌヘ∠ ∇ェや∠ヱ (Guarant ee me six t hings and I will guarant ee you Paradise: when any one of you speaks, he should not lie; if he is ent rust ed wit h somet hing, he should not bet ray t hat t rust ; if he makes a promise, he should not break it ; lower your gaze; rest rain your hands; and prot ect your privat e part s.) Since looking provokes t he heart t o evil, Allah commanded (t he believers) t o prot ect t heir privat e part s j ust as he commanded t hem t o prot ect t heir gaze which can lead t o t hat . So he said:

∇やヲ⊥ヌヘ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲぁツピ⊥ Α∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲプ⊥ (Tell t he believing men t o lower t heir gaze, and prot ect t heir privat e part s.) Somet imes prot ect ing t he privat e part s may involve keeping t hem from commit t ing Zina, as Allah says:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠ェ ∇ユヰ͡ ィ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ

(And t hose who guard t heir chast it y) ぴ23:5び. Somet imes it may involve not looking at cert ain t hings, as in t he Hadit h in Musnad Ahmad and t he Sunan:

∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ マ ∠ わ͡ ィ ∠ ∇ヱコ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅｚャま͡ マ ∠ ゎ∠ ケ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ナヘ∠ ∇ェや» «マ ∠ レ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ∠ (Guard your privat e part s except from your wife and t hose whom your right hands possess.)

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ミ∇コぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (That is purer for t hem.) means, it is purer for t heir heart s and bet t er for t heir commit ment t o religion, as it was said: Whoever prot ect s his gaze, Allah will illuminat e his underst anding, or his heart .

び∠ラヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is All-Aware of what t hey do.) This is like t he Ayah :

び ケ⊥ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ リ ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハΙ ｘ や る∠ レ∠ も͡ べ∠カ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ぴ (Allah knows t he fraud of t he eyes and all t hat t he breast s conceal.) ぴ40:19び In t he Sahih it is recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ゅ∠ャ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ポ ∠ ケ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ゅ∠ルゴあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ぁヌェ ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ͡ ∇よや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ » ∩⊥ペ∇トレぁ ャや ラ ͡ ゅ∠ジヤあャや ゅ∠ルコ͡ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ゲヌ ∠ レｚ ャや リ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ルゴ͡ プ∠ ∩∠るャ∠ゅ∠エョ∠ ∩⊥ズ∇トら∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Β∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ルコ͡ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ネゅ∠ヨわ͡ ∇シゅ∇ャや リ ͡ ∇Βル∠ ク⊥ ほ⊥∇ャや ゅ∠ルコ͡ ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ヰわ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヴｚレ∠ヨ∠ゎ ザ ⊥ ∇ヘレｚ ャや∠ヱ ∩ヴ∠トガ ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠∇ィゲあ ャや ゅ∠ルコ͡ ヱ∠ «ヮ⊥ よ⊥ あグム∠ Α⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ベ ⊥ あギダ ∠ Α⊥ ァ ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (The son of Adam has his share of Zina decreed for him, and he will commit t hat which has been decreed. The Zina of t he eyes is looking; t he Zina of t he t ongue is speaking; t he Zina of t he ears is list ening; t he Zina of t he hands is st riking; and t he Zina of t he feet is walking. The soul wishes and desires, and t he privat e part s confirm or deny t hat .) It was recorded by AlBukhari wit hout a complet e chain. Muslim recorded a similar report wit h a different chain of narrat ion. Many of t he Salaf said, "They used t o forbid men from st aring at beardless handsome boys. ''

リ ｚ ワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ ∇ツツ ⊥ ∇ピΑ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ モ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ わ∠ レ∠ Α͡コ リ ∠ Α͡ギ∇らΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ィ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲプ⊥ リ ∠ ∇ヌヘ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥Βィ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ｚ ワ͡ ゲ͡ ヨ⊥ ガ ⊥ よ͡ リ ∠ ∇よゲ͡ ∇ツΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ニ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ も͡ べ∠よや∠￢ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ わ͡ ャ∠ヲ⊥バら⊥ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ わ∠ レ∠ Α͡コ リ ∠ Α͡ギ∇らΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ わ͡ ャ∠ヲ⊥バよ⊥ ￢͡ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ も͡ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ わ͡ ャ∠ヲ⊥バよ⊥ ￢͡ べ∠よや∠￢ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ゎ͡ ヲ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ͡レよ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ル͡ や∠ヲ∇カま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ル͡ や∠ヲ∇カま͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バら͡ ⇒ｚわャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ジル͡ ∇ユャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ͡ ∇ヘト あ ャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ィゲあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ る͡ よ∠ ∇ケΗ ͡ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ リ ∠ ∇よゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや れ ͡ ケ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヰ∠ ∇ヌΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥よヲ⊥ゎヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ わ͡ レ∠ Α͡コ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Β͡ヘ∇ガΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ⊥ ャ͡ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ヤ͡ィ ⊥ ∇ケほ∠よ͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ∠ Αぁぺ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (31. And t ell t he believing women t o lower t heir gaze, and prot ect t heir privat e part s and not t o show off t heir adornment except t hat which is apparent , and t o draw t heir veils all over t heir Juyub and not t o reveal t heir adornment except t o t heir husbands, or t heir fat hers, or t heir husband's fat hers, or t heir sons, or t heir husband's sons, or t heir brot hers or t heir brot her's sons, or t heir sist er's sons, or t heir women, or t heir right hand possessions, or t he Tabi` in among men who do not have desire, or children who are not aware of t he nakedness of women. And let t hem not st amp t heir feet so as t o reveal what t hey hide of t heir adornment . And all of you beg Allah t o forgive you all, O believers, t hat you may be successful.)

The Rulings of Hijab This is a command from Allah t o t he believing women, and j ealousy on His part over t he wives of His believing servant s. It is also t o dist inguish t he believing women from t he women of t he Jahiliyyah and t he deeds of t he pagan women. The reason for t he revelat ion of t his Ayah was ment ioned by Muqat il bin Hayyan, when he said: "We heard -- and Allah knows best -- t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah Al-Ansari narrat ed t hat Asma' bint Murshidah was in a house of hers in Bani Harit hah, and t he women st art ed coming in t o her wit hout lower garment s so t hat t he anklet s on t heir feet could be seen, along wit h t heir chest s and forelocks. Asma' said: ` How ugly t his is!' Then Allah revealed:

びｚリワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ ∇ツツ ⊥ ∇ピΑ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ モ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t ell t he believing women t o lower t heir gaze...)'' And Allah says:

びｚリワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ ∇ツツ ⊥ ∇ピΑ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ モ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t ell t he believing women t o lower t heir gaze) meaning, from t hat which Allah has forbidden t hem t o look at , apart from t heir husbands. ぴSomeび scholars said t hat it is permissible for women t o look at non-Mahram men wit hout desire, as it was recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah was wat ching t he Et hiopians playing wit h spears in t he Masj id on t he day of ` Id, and ` A'ishah t he Mot her of t he believers was wat ching t hem from behind him and he was concealing her from t hem, unt il she got bored and went away.

びｚリヰ⊥ ィ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲプ⊥ リ ∠ ∇ヌヘ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and prot ect t heir privat e part s). Sa` id bin Jubayr said: "From immoral act ions.'' Abu Al-` Aliyah said: "Every Ayah of t he Qur'an in which prot ect ing t he privat e part s is ment ioned means prot ect ing t hem from Zina, except for t his Ayah --

びｚリヰ⊥ ィ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲプ⊥ リ ∠ ∇ヌヘ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and prot ect t heir privat e part s), which means prot ect ing t hem from being seen by anybody.''

びゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ わ∠ レ∠ Α͡コ リ ∠ Α͡ギ∇らΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and not t o show off t heir adornment except t hat which is apparent ,) means, t hey should not show anyt hing of t heir adornment t o non-Mahram men except for what ever it is impossible t o hide. Ibn Mas` ud said: "Such as clot hes and out er garment s,'' Meaning what t he Arab women used t o wear of t he veil which covered t heir clot hes and what ever showed from underneat h t he out er garment . There is no blame on her for t his, because t his is somet hing t hat she cannot conceal. Similar t o t hat is what appears of her lower garment and what she cannot conceal. AlHasan, Ibn Sirin, Abu Al-Jawza', Ibrahim An-Nakha` i and ot hers also had t he same view as Ibn Mas` ud.

びｚリヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥Βィ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ｚ ワ͡ ゲ͡ ヨ⊥ ガ ⊥ よ͡ リ ∠ ∇よゲ͡ ∇ツΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ぴ (and t o draw t heir veils all over t heir Juyub) means t hat t hey should wear t he out er garment in such a way as t o cover t heir chest s and ribs, so t hat t hey will be different from t he women of t he Jahiliyyah, who did not do t hat but would pass in front of men wit h t heir chest s complet ely uncovered, and wit h t heir necks, forelocks, hair and earrings uncovered. So Allah commanded t he believing women t o cover t hemselves, as He says:

￢͡ べ∠ジル͡ ヱ∠ マ ∠ わ͡ ⇒∠レよ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コΙ ６ モ⊥ホ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠Αぴ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク リ ｚ ヰ͡ ら͡ Β͡ら⇒∠ヤィ ∠ リ͡ョ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ル∇ギΑ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや び∠リ∇Αク∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ ∇プゲ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ (O Prophet ! Tell your wives and your daught ers and t he women of t he believers t o draw t heir cloaks all over t heir bodies. That will be bet t er, t hat t hey should be known, so as not t o be annoyed) ぴ33:59び And in t his noble Ayah He said:

びｚリヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥Βィ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ｚ ワ͡ ゲ͡ ヨ⊥ ガ ⊥ よ͡ リ ∠ ∇よゲ͡ ∇ツΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ぴ (and t o draw t heir (Khumur) veils all over t heir Juyub) Khumur (veils) is t he plural of Khimar, which means somet hing t hat covers, and is what is used t o cover t he head. This is what is known among t he people as a veil. Sa` id bin Jubayr said:

び∠リ∇よゲ͡ ∇ツΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ぴ (and t o draw) means t o pull it around and t ie it securely.

びｚリヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥Βィ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ｚ ワ͡ ゲ͡ ヨ⊥ ガ ⊥ よ͡ ぴ (t heir veils all over t heir Juyub) means, over t heir necks and chest s so t hat not hing can be seen of t hem. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said: "May Allah have mercy on t he women of t he early emigrant s. When Allah revealed t he Ayah:

びｚリヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥Βィ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ｚ ワ͡ ゲ͡ ヨ⊥ ガ ⊥ よ͡ リ ∠ ∇よゲ͡ ∇ツΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ぴ (and t o draw t heir veils all over t heir Juyub), t hey t ore t heir aprons and Akht amar t hemselves wit h t hem.'' He also narrat ed from Safiyyah bint Shaybah t hat ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, used t o say: "When t his Ayah:

びｚリヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥Βィ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ｚ ワ͡ ゲ͡ ヨ⊥ ガ ⊥ よ͡ リ ∠ ∇よゲ͡ ∇ツΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ぴ (and t o draw t heir veils all over t heir Juyub) was revealed, t hey t ook t heir Izars (waist sheet s) and t ore t hem at t he edges, and Akht amar t hemselves wit h t hem.''

∇ヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ も͡ べ∠よや∠￢ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ わ͡ ャ∠ヲ⊥バら⊥ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ わ∠ レ∠ Α͡コ リ ∠ Α͡ギ∇らΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ わ͡ ャ∠ヲ⊥バよ⊥ ￢͡ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ も͡ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ わ͡ ャ∠ヲ⊥バよ⊥ ￢͡ べ∠よや∠￢ びｚリヰ͡ ゎ͡ ヲ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ͡レよ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ル͡ や∠ヲ∇カま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ル͡ や∠ヲ∇カま͡ (and not t o reveal t heir adornment except t o t heir husbands, or t heir fat hers, or t heir husband's fat hers, or t heir sons, or t heir husband's sons, or t heir brot hers or t heir brot her's sons, or t heir sist er's sons,) All of t hese are a woman's close relat ives whom she can never marry (Mahram) and it is permissible for her t o show her adornment s t o t hem, but wit hout making a want on display of herself. Ibn Al-Mundhir recorded t hat ` Ikrimah comment ed on t his Ayah,

∇ヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ も͡ べ∠よや∠￢ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ わ͡ ャ∠ヲ⊥バら⊥ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ わ∠ レ∠ Α͡コ リ ∠ Α͡ギ∇らΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びｚリヰ͡ わ͡ ャ∠ヲ⊥バよ⊥ ￢͡ べ∠よや∠￢ (and not t o reveal t heir adornment except t o t heir husbands, or t heir fat hers, or t heir husband's fat hers...), "The pat ernal uncle and mat ernal uncle are not ment ioned here, because t hey may describe a woman t o t heir sons, so a woman should not remove her Khimar in front of her pat ernal or mat ernal uncle.''Wit h regard t o t he husband, all of t his is for his sake, so she should t ry her best when adorning herself for him, unlike t he way she should appear in front of ot hers.

びｚリヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ジル͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or t heir women,) t his means t hat she may also wear her adornment in front of ot her Muslim women, but not in front of t he women of Ahl Adh-Dhimmah (Jewish and Christ ian women), lest t hey describe her t o t heir husbands. This is prohibit ed for all women, but more so in t he case of t he women of Ahl Adh-Dhimmah, because t here is not hing t o prevent t hem from doing t hat , but Muslim women know t hat it is unlawful and so, would be det erred from doing it . The Messenger of Allah said:

ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰィ ͡ ∇ヱゴ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ バ∠ ∇レわ∠ プ∠ り∠ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ セ ͡ ゅ∠らゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» «ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ (No woman should describe anot her woman t o her husband so t hat it is as if he is looking at her.) It was recorded in t he Two Sahihs from Ibn Mas` ud.

びｚリヰ⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ

(or t heir right hand possessions. ) Ibn Jarir said, "This means from among t he women of t he idolat ors. It is permissible for a Muslim woman t o reveal her adornment before such a woman, even if she is an idolat ress, because she is her slave-girl.'' This was also t he view of Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib. Allah says;

び͡メゅ∠ィゲあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ る͡ よ∠ ∇ケΗ ͡ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バら͡ ⇒ｚわャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ぴ (Tabi` in among men who do not have desire,) such as hired servant s and followers who are not at t he same level as t he woman and are feeble-minded and have no int erest in or desire for women. Ibn ` Abbas said, "This is t he kind of person who has no desire.'' ` Ikrimah said, "This is t he hermaphrodit e, who does not experience erect ions.'' This was also t he view of ot hers among t he Salaf. It was narrat ed in t he Sahih from ` A'ishah t hat a hermaphrodit e, used t o ent er upon t he family of t he Messenger of Allah and t hey used t o consider him as one of t hose who do not have desire, but t hen t he Messenger of Allah came in when he was describing a woman wit h four rolls of fat in front and eight behind. The Messenger of Allah said,

«∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ｚ ヤ∠カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ゅ∠レヰ⊥ ワ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ や∠グワ∠ ン∠ケぺ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» (Lo! I t hink t his person knows what is t hey are; he should never ent er upon you.) He expelled him, and he st ayed in Al-Bayda' and only came on Fridays t o get food.

れ ͡ ケ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヰ∠ ∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ͡ ∇ヘト あ ャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ぴ び͡￢べ∠ジレあ ャや (or children who are not aware of t he nakedness of women. ) Because t hey are so young t hey do not underst and anyt hing about women or t heir ` Awrah or t heir soft speech or t heir ent icing ways of walking and moving. If a child is small and does not underst and t hat , t here is not hing wrong wit h him ent ering upon women, but if he is an adolescent or approaching adolescence, so t hat he knows and underst ands t hese t hings, and can make a dist inct ion bet ween who is beaut iful and who is not , t hen he should not ent er upon women. It was recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

«￢͡ ゅ∠ジレあ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥カギぁ ャや∠ヱ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡» (Avoid ent ering upon women.) It was said, "O Messenger of Allah, what do you t hink about t he male in-laws'' He said:

«れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや :ヲ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや» (The male in-law is deat h.)

The Etiquette of Women walking in the Street

Allah's saying:

びｚリヰ͡ ヤ͡ィ ⊥ ∇ケほ∠よ͡ リ ∠ ∇よゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And let t hem not st amp t heir feet ...) During Jahiliyyah, when women walked in t he st reet wearing anklet s and no one could hear t hem, t hey would st amp t heir feet so t hat men could hear t heir anklet s ringing. Allah forbade t he believing women t o do t his. By t he same t oken, if t here is any ot her kind of adornment t hat is hidden, women are forbidden t o make any movement s t hat would reveal what is hidden, because Allah says:

びｚリヰ͡ ヤ͡ィ ⊥ ∇ケほ∠よ͡ リ ∠ ∇よゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And let t hem not st amp t heir feet ...) t o t he end of it . From t hat , women are also prohibit ed from wearing scent and perfume when t hey are going out side t he home, lest men should smell t heir perfume. Abu ` Isa At -Tirmidhi recorded t hat Abu Musa, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Prophet said:

∇れゲｚ ヨ∠ プ∠ ∇れゲ∠ ト ∠ ∇バわ∠ ∇シや や∠クま͡ り⊥ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩∀るΒ∠ ル͡ や∠コ リ ∃ ∇Βハ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ » «や∠グミ∠ ヱ∠ や∠グミ∠ ヶ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ ザ ͡ ヤ͡∇イヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (Every eye commit s fornicat ion and adult ery, and when a woman put s on perfume and passes t hrough a gat hering, she is such and such) -- meaning an adult eress. He said, "And t here is a similar report from Abu Hurayrah, and t his is Hasan Sahih.'' It was also recorded by Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i. By t he same t oken, women are also forbidden t o walk in t he middle of t he st reet , because of what t his involves of want on display. Abu Dawud recorded t hat Abu Usayd Al-Ansari said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah , as he was coming out of t he Masj id and men and women were mixing in t he st reet , t elling t he women:

∩∠ペΑ͡ゲト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇ボボ⊥ ∇エゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ｚリム⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ゲカ ͡ ∇ほわ∠ ∇シや» «ペ ͡ Α͡ゲト ｚ ャや れ ͡ ゅｚプゅ∠エよ͡ リ ｚ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (Keep back, for you have no right t o walk in t he middle of t he st reet . You should keep t o t he sides of t he road.) The women used t o cling t o t he walls so much t hat t heir clot hes would cat ch on t he walls.

∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ∠ Αぁぺ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥よヲ⊥ゎヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ (And all of you beg Allah t o forgive you all, O believers, t hat you may be successful.) means, pract ice what you are commanded in t hese beaut iful manners and praisewort hy charact erist ics, and give up t he evil ways of t he people of Jahiliyyah, for t he great est success is t o be found in

doing what Allah and His Messenger command and avoiding what He forbids. And Allah is t he source of st rengt h.

∇ユミ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠ΑΕ ∠ や ∇やヲ⊥エ͡ム∇ル∠ぺ∠ヱぴ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ レ͡ ∇ピΑ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ゲボ∠ プ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ も͡ ゅョ͡まヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ブ ͡ ヘ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノ͡シや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Β∠ レ͡ ∇ピΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ⇔ェゅ∠ムル͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥らわ͡ ⇒∠ムプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ͡ ゅｚョ リあョ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ゅ⇔レぁダエ ∠ ゎ∠ ラ ∠ ∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ￢͡ べ∠ピら͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠Βわ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ワゲ͡ ∇ムゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ͡ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ワ͡ゲ∇ムΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや チ ∠ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らわ∠ ャあ べ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ワ͡ や∠ゲ∇ミま͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ͡ョ ∇や∇ヲヤ∠カ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョあ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ∃ろ⇒∠レΒあ ∠らョぁ ろ ∃ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ る⇔ ヌ ∠ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ (32. And marry t hose among you who are single (Al-Ayama) and t he pious of your servant s and maidservant s. If t hey be poor, Allah will enrich t hem out of His bount y. And Allah is AllSufficent , All-Knowing.) / (33. And let t hose who find not t he financial means for marriage keep t hemselves chast e, unt il Allah enriches t hem of His bount y. And such of your servant s as seek a writ ing (of emancipat ion), give t hem such writ ing, if you find t hat t here is good and honest y in t hem. And give t hem somet hing (yourselves) out of t he wealt h of Allah which He has best owed upon you. And force not your slave-girls t o prost it ut ion, if t hey desire chast it y, in order t hat you may make a gain in t he goods of t his worldly life. But if anyone compels t hem, t hen aft er such compulsion, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (34. And indeed We have sent down for you Ayat t hat make t hings plain, and t he example of t hose who passed away before you, and an admonit ion for t hose who have Taqwa.)

The Command to marry These clear Ayat include a group of unambiguous rulings and firm commands.

び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠ΑΕ ∠ や ∇やヲ⊥エ͡ム∇ル∠ぺ∠ヱぴ

(And marry t hose among you who are single (Al-Ayama)....) This is a command t o marry. The Prophet said:

り∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ら∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ネ ∠ ゅ∠トわ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ ∩͡ゆゅ∠らゼ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バョ∠ ゅ∠Α» ∩͡ァ∇ゲヘ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ リ ⊥ダ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ヂ ぁ ビ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∇ァヱｚ ゴ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ «∀￢ゅ∠ィ͡ヱ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ∇ノト ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ (O young men, whoever among you can afford t o get married, let him marry, for it is more effect ive in lowering t he gaze and prot ect ing t he privat e part s. Whoever cannot do t hat , t hen let him fast , for it is a prot ect ion for him.) This was recorded in t he Two Sahihs from t he Hadit h of Ibn Mas` ud. In t he Sunan, it was recorded from more t han one person t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ユ∠ ョ∠ ほ⊥∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ よ͡ ロ∃ ゅ∠らョ⊥ ヶあルみ͡プ∠ やヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ゅ∠レゎ∠ やヱ⊥ギャ∠や∠ヲゎ∠ やヲ⊥ィヱｚ ゴ∠ ゎ∠ » «る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ (Marry and have children, for I will be proud of you before t he nat ions on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) The word Al-Ayama, t he plural form of Ayyim, is used t o describe a woman who has no husband and a man who has no wife, regardless of whet her t hey have been married and t hen separat ed, or have never been married at all. Al-Jawhari report ed t his from t he scholars of t he (Arabic) language, and t he word is applied t o men and women alike.

び͡ヮヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ レ͡ ∇ピΑ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ゲボ∠ プ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ͡まぴ (If t hey be poor, Allah will enrich t hem out of His bount y.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas: "Allah encouraged t hem t o get married, commanded bot h free men and servant s t o get married, and He promised t o enrich t hem.''

び͡ヮヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ レ͡ ∇ピΑ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ゲボ∠ プ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ͡まぴ (If t hey be poor, Allah will enrich t hem out of His bount y.) It was recorded t hat Ibn Mas` ud said: "Seek t he richness t hrough marriage, for Allah says:

び͡ヮヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ レ͡ ∇ピΑ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ゲボ∠ プ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ͡まぴ (If t hey be poor, Allah will enrich t hem out of His bount y.)'' This was recorded by Ibn Jarir. AlBaghawi also recorded somet hing similar from ` Umar. It was report ed from Al-Layt h from Muhammad bin ` Aj lan from Sa` id Al-Maqburi from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ウ ⊥ ミ͡ ゅｚレャや :∇ユヰ⊥ ル⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ペ ｘェ ∠ ∀る∠をゅ∠ヤ∠を» ヶ͡プ ヵ͡コゅ∠ピ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩∠￢や∠キほ∠∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ょ ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ムヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩∠フゅ∠ヘバ∠ ∇ャや «ぶ ͡ やモ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ (There are t hree whom it is a right upon Allah t o help: one who get s married seeking chast it y; a slave who makes a cont ract wit h his mast er wit h t he aim of buying his freedom; and one who fight s for t he sake of Allah.) This was recorded by Imam Ahmad, At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah. The Prophet performed t he marriage of a man who owned not hing but his waist wrap, and could not even buy a ring made of iron, but he st ill married him t o t hat woman, making t he Mahr his promise t o t each her what ever he knew of t he Qur'an. And it is known from t he generosit y and kindness of Allah t hat He provided him wit h what ever was sufficient for her and for him.

The Command to keep Oneself Chaste if One is not able to get married Allah's saying:

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Β∠ レ͡ ∇ピΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ⇔ェゅ∠ムル͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ブ ͡ ヘ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (And let t hose who find not t he financial means for marriage keep t hemselves chast e, unt il Allah enriches t hem of His bount y.) This is a command from Allah t o t hose who do not have t he means t o get married: t hey are t o keep t hemselves chast e and avoid unlawful t hings, as t he Prophet said:

り∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ら∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ネ ∠ ゅ∠トわ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠らゼ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バョ∠ ゅ∠Α» ∩͡ァ∇ゲヘ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ リ ⊥ダ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ヂ ぁ ビ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ァヱｚ ゴ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ «∀￢ゅ∠ィ͡ヱ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ∇ノト ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ (O young men, whoever among you can afford t o get married, let him marry, for it is more effect ive in lowering t he gaze and prot ect ing t he privat e part s. Whoever cannot do t hat , t hen let him fast , for it is a prot ect ion for him.) This Ayah is general in meaning, and t he Ayah in Surat An-Nisa' is more specific, where Allah says:

ウ ∠ ム͡ レ∠Α ラ∠ぺ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲデ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇ノト ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び͡ろ⇒∠レダ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや (And whoever of you have not t he means wherewit h t o wed free believing women)unt il His st at ement ;

び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (but it is bet t er for you t hat you pract ise self-rest raint ) ぴ4:25び meaning, it is bet t er for you t o be pat ient and refrain from marrying slave-girl, because any child t hat is born will also be a slave.

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (and Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful) ぴ4:25び.

び⇔ゅェゅ∠ムル͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ブ ͡ ヘ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ぴ (And let t hose who find not t he financial means for marriage keep t hemselves chast e,) ` Ikrimah said, "This refers t o a man who sees a woman and it is as if he feels desire; if he has a wife t hen let him go t o her and fulfill his desire wit h her, and if he does not have a wife, t hen let him ponder t he kingdom of heaven and eart h unt il Allah grant s him means of livelihood.''

The Command to grant Slaves a Contract of Emancipation

∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び⇔やゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥らわ͡ ⇒∠ムプ∠ (And such of your servant s as seek a writ ing (of emancipat ion), give t hem such writ ing, if you find t hat t here is good and honest y in t hem.) This is a command from Allah t o slave-owners: if t heir servant s ask t hem for a cont ract of emancipat ion, t hey should writ e it for t hem, provided t hat t he servant has some skill and means of earning so t hat he can pay his mast er t he money t hat is st ipulat ed in t he cont ract . Al-Bukhari said: "Rawh narrat ed from Ibn Jurayj : ` I said t o ` At a', "If I know t hat my servant has money, is it obligat ory for me t o writ e him a cont ract of emancipat ion'' He said, "I do not t hink it can be anyt hing but obligat ory.'' ` Amr bin Dinar said: "I said t o ` At a', ` Are you narrat ing t his from anybody' He said, ` No,' t hen he t old me t hat Musa bin Anas t old him t hat Sirin, who had a lot of money, asked Anas for a cont ract of emancipat ion and he refused. So he went t o ` Umar (bin Al-Khat t ab), may Allah be pleased wit h him, and he said, ` Writ e it for him.' He refused, so ` Umar hit him wit h his whip and recit ed,

び⇔やゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥らわ͡ ⇒∠ムプ∠ ぴ (give t hem such writ ing, if you find t hat t here is good and honest y in t hem.)Then he wrot e t he cont ract .'' This was ment ioned by Al-Bukhari wit h a disconnect ed chain of narrat ion. It was also narrat ed by ` Abdur-Razzaq who said Ibn Jurayj t old t hem: I said t o ` At a', "If I know t hat my servant has some money, is it obligat ory for me t o writ e him a cont ract of emancipat ion'' He said, ` I do not t hink it can be anyt hing but obligat ory.''' ぴIt was also said by ` Amr bin Dinar who said, "I said t o ` At a', ` Are you narrat ing t his from anybody' He said, ` No.'''び Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Sirin want ed Anas bin Malik t o writ e a cont ract of emancipat ion and he delayed, t hen ` Umar said t o him, "You should cert ainly writ e him a cont ract of emancipat ion.'' It s chain of narrat ors is Sahih. Allah's saying:

び⇔やゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ラま͡ぴ (if you find t hat t here is good and honest y in t hem.) Some of t hem said (t his means) t rust wort hiness. Some said: "Honest y,'' and ot hers said: "A skill and abilit y t o earn.''

び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ͡ ゅｚョ リあョ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱぴ (And give t hem somet hing out of t he wealt h of Allah which He has best owed upon you.) This is t he share of t he wealt h of Zakah t hat Allah st at ed t o be t heir right . This is t he opinion of AlHasan, ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam and his fat her and Muqat il bin Hayyan. It was also t he opinion favored by Ibn Jarir.

び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ͡ ゅｚョ リあョ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱぴ (And give t hem somet hing out of t he wealt h of Allah which He has best owed upon you. ) Ibrahim An-Nakha` i said, "This is urging t he people, t heir mast ers and ot hers.'' This was also t he view of Buraydah bin Al-Husayb Al-Aslami and Qat adah. Ibn ` Abbas said: "Allah commanded t he believers t o help in freeing slaves.''

The Prohibition of forcing One's Slave-Girls to commit Zin ®257 ∧ Allah's saying:

び͡￢べ∠ピら͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠Βわ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ワゲ͡ ∇ムゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And force not your slave-girls t o prost it ut ion...) Among t he people of t he Jahiliyyah, t here were some who, if he had a slave-girl, he would send her out t o commit Zina and would charge money for t hat , which he would t ake from her every t ime. When Islam came, Allah forbade t he believers t o do t hat . The reason why t his Ayah was revealed, according t o t he report s of a number of earlier and lat er scholars of Tafsir, had t o do wit h ` Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul. He had slave-girls whom he used t o force int o prost it ut ion so t hat he could t ake t heir earnings and because he want ed t hem t o have children which would enhance his st at us, or so he claimed.

Reports narrated on this Topic In his Musnad, Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Ahmad bin ` Amr bin ` Abd Al-Khaliq Al-Bazzar, may Allah have mercy on him, recorded t hat Az-Zuhri said, "` Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul had a slave-girl whose name was Mu` adhah, whom he forced int o prost it ut ion. When Islam came, t he Ayah

び͡￢べ∠ピら͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠Βわ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ワゲ͡ ∇ムゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And force not your slave-girls t o prost it ut ion...) was revealed.'' Al-A` mash narrat ed from Abu Sufyan t hat Jabir said concerning t his Ayah, "This was revealed about a slave-girl belonging t o ` Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul whose name was Musaykah. He used t o force her t o commit immoral act ions, but t here was not hing wrong wit h her and she refused. Then Allah revealed t his Ayah:

び͡￢べ∠ピら͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠Βわ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ワゲ͡ ∇ムゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And force not your slave-girls t o prost it ut ion,) unt il His saying;

∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ワ͡ や∠ゲ∇ミま͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ͡ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ワ͡ゲ∇ムΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ (But if anyone compels t hem, t hen aft er such compulsion, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)'' An-Nasa'i also recorded somet hing similar. Muqat il bin Hayyan said, "I heard -- and Allah knows best -- t hat t his Ayah was revealed about t wo men who used t o force t wo slavegirls of t heirs (int o prost it ut ion). One of t hem was called Musaykah who belonged t o ぴt he Ansariび, and Umaymah t he mot her of Musaykah belonged t o ` Abdullah bin Ubayy. Mu` adhah and Arwa were in t he same sit uat ion. Then Musaykah and her mot her came t o t he Prophet and t old him about t hat . Then Allah revealed:

び͡￢べ∠ピら͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠Βわ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ワゲ͡ ∇ムゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And force not your slave-girls t o prost it ut ion), meaning Zina.

び⇔ゅレぁダエ ∠ ゎ∠ ラ ∠ ∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ぴ (if t hey desire chast it y,) means, if t hey want t o be chast e, which is t he case wit h t he maj orit y of slave-girls.

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや チ ∠ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らわ∠ ャあぴ

(in order t hat you may make a gain in t he goods of t his worldly life.) meaning, from t he money t hey earn and t heir children. The Messenger of Allah forbade t he money earned by t he cupper, t he prost it ut e and t he fort une-t eller. According t o anot her report :

∩∀ゑΒ͡らカ ∠ ュ͡ ゅｚイエ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ∇ジミ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ゑΒ͡らカ ∠ ヶ あ ピ͡ ら∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇ヰョ∠ » «∀ゑΒ͡らカ ∠ ょ ͡ ∇ヤム∠ ∇ャや リ ⊥ ヨ∠ を∠ ヱ∠ (The earnings of a prost it ut e are evil, t he earnings of a cupper are evil, and t he price of a dog is evil.)

∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ワ͡ や∠ゲ∇ミま͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ͡ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ワ͡ゲ∇ムΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ (But if anyone compels t hem, t hen aft er such compulsion, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) meaning, t owards t hem, as has already been st at ed in t he Hadit h narrat ed from Jabir. Ibn Abi Talhah narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "If you do t hat , t hen Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful, and t heir sin will be on t he one who forced t hem t o do t hat .'' This was also t he view of Muj ahid, ` At a' Al-Khurasani, Al-A` mash and Qat adah. Aft er explaining t hese rulings in det ail, Allah says:

び∃ろ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ョぁ ろ ∃ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べレ∠ ∇ャゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed We have sent down for you Ayat t hat make t hings plain,) meaning, in t he Qur'an t here are Ayat which are clear and explain mat t ers in det ail.

び∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇や∇ヲヤ∠カ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョあ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t he example of t hose who passed away before you,) means, report s about t he nat ions of t he past and what happened t o t hem when t hey went against t he commandment s of Allah, as Allah says:

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Κ ｘ ャあ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ∠ヤシ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (And We made t hem a precedent , and an example t o lat er generat ions.) ぴ43:56び; We made t hem a lesson, i.e., a rebuke for commit t ing sin and forbidden deeds.

び∠リΒ͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあぴ (for t hose who have Taqwa. ) meaning, for t hose who remember and fear Allah.

り∃ ゅ∠ム∇ゼヨ͡ ミ∠ ロ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ル モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ル ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ る⊥ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ィゴぁ ャや る∃ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ィコ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゥ ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇ダヨ͡ ∇ャや ∀ゥゅ∠ら∇ダ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ る∃ ミ∠ ゲ∠ ⇒∠らョぁ り∃ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ リ͡ョ ギ⊥ ホ∠ ヲ⊥Α ン ｘ ケあ キ⊥ ょ ∀ ミ∠ ∇ヲミ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ∠ほ∠ミ ￢⊥ ヴ͡ツΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ ∇Αコ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠ムΑ∠ る∃ Βｚ よ͡ ∇ゲビ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ Βｚ ホ͡ ∇ゲセ ∠ Ι ｚ る∃ ル∠ ヲ⊥わ∇Αコ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ケ∃ ヲ⊥ル ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ケヲぁル ∀ケゅ∠ル ヮ⊥ ∇ジジ ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ メ ∠ ゅ∠ん∇ョΙ ｘ や ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ロ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥レャ͡ び ユ∀ Β͡ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (35. Allah is t he Light of t he heavens and t he eart h. The parable of His Light is as a niche and wit hin it a lamp: t he lamp is in a glass, t he glass as it were a st ar Durriyyun, lit from a blessed t ree, an olive, neit her of t he east nor of t he west , whose oil would almost glow fort h, t hough no fire t ouched it . Light upon Light ! Allah guides t o His Light whom He wills. And Allah set s fort h parables for mankind, and Allah is All-Knower of everyt hing.) /

The Parable of the Light of Allah Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said:

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ル ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (Allah is t he Light of t he heavens and t he eart h.) means, t he Guide of t he inhabit ant s of t he heavens and t he eart h. Ibn Jurayj said: "Muj ahid and Ibn ` Abbas said concerning t he Ayah:

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ やヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ル ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (Allah is t he Light of t he heavens and t he eart h.) He is cont rolling t heir affairs and t heir st ars and sun and moon.'' As-Suddi said concerning t he Ayah:

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ル ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (Allah is t he Light of t he heavens and t he eart h.) by His Light t he heavens and eart h are illuminat ed. In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "When t he Messenger of Allah got up t o pray at night , he would say:

チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ れ ͡ や∠ヲヨ∠ ジ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ あΒホ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∩⊥ギ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» れ ͡ や∠ヲヨ∠ ジ ｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ル ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩ｚリヰ͡ Β͡プ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ «リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ (O Allah, t o You be praise, You are t he Sust ainer of heaven and eart h and whoever is in t hem. To You be praise, You are t he Light of t he heavens and t he eart h and whoever is in t hem. ) It was narrat ed t hat Ibn Mas` ud said, "There is no night or day wit h your Lord; t he Light of t he Throne comes from t he Light of His Face.''

び͡ロケ͡ ヲ⊥ル モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ぴ (The parable of His Light ) There are t wo views concerning t he meaning of t he pronoun (His). The first is t hat it refers t o Allah, may He be glorified and exalt ed, meaning t hat t he parable of His guidance in t he heart of t he believer is

び∃りゅ∠ム∇ゼヨ͡ ミ∠ ぴ (as a niche) This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas. The second view is t hat t he pronoun refers t o t he believer, which is indicat ed by t he cont ext of t he words and implies t hat t he parable of t he light in t he heart of t he believer is as a niche. So t he heart of t he believer and what he is nat urally inclined t o of guidance and what he learns of t he Qur'an which is in accordance wit h his nat ural inclinat ions are, as Allah says:

び⊥ヮ∇レョあ ∀ギ͡ワゅ∠セ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わ∠Α∠ヱ ヮ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ る∃ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Can t hey who rely on a clear proof from t heir Lord, and whom a wit ness from Him recit es it (can t hey be equal wit h t he disbelievers)) ぴ11:17び. The heart of t he believer in it s purit y and clarit y is likened t o a lamp in t ransparent and j ewel-like glass, and t he Qur'an and Shari` ah by which it is guided are likened t o good, pure, shining oil in which t here is no impurit y or deviat ion.

び∃りゅ∠ム∇ゼヨ͡ ミ∠ ぴ (as (if t here were) a niche) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Muhammad bin Ka` b and ot hers said, "This refers t o t he posit ion of t he wick in t he lamp.'' This is well-known, and hence Allah t hen says:

び∀ゥゅ∠ら∇ダョ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プぴ (and wit hin it a lamp.) This is t he flame t hat burns bright ly. Or it was said t hat t he niche is a niche in t he house. This is t he parable given by Allah of obedience t owards Him. Allah calls obedience t o Him as light , t hen He calls it by ot her numerous names as well. Ubayy bin Ka` b

said, "The lamp is t he light , and t his refers t o t he Qur'an and t he fait h t hat is in his heart .'' AsSuddi said, "It is t he lamp.''

び∃る∠ィゅ∠ィコ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゥ ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇ダヨ͡ ∇ャやぴ (t he lamp is in a glass,) means, t his light is shining in a clear glass. Ubayy bin Ka` b and ot hers said, "This is t he likeness of t he heart of t he believer.''

びｘンケあ キ⊥ ょ ∀ ミ∠ ∇ヲミ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ る⊥ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ィゴぁ ャやぴ (t he glass as it were a st ar Durriyyun,) Some aut horit ies recit e t he word Durriyyun wit h a Dammah on t he Dal and wit hout a Hamzah, which means pearls, i.e., as if it were a st ar made of pearls (Durr). Ot hers recit e it as Dirri'un or Durri'un, wit h a Kasrah on t he Dal, or Dammah on t he Dal, and wit h a Hamzah at t he end, which means reflect ion (Dir'), because if somet hing is shone on t he st ar it becomes bright er t han at any ot her t ime. The Arabs call t he st ars t hey do not know Darari. Ubayy bin Ka` b said: a shining st ar. Qat adah said: "Huge, bright and clear.''

び∃るミ∠ ゲ∠ ⇒∠らョぁ り∃ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ リ͡ョ ギ⊥ ホ∠ ヲ⊥Αぴ (lit from a blessed t ree,) means, it is derived from olive oil, from a blessed t ree.

び∃るル∠ ヲ⊥わ∇Αコ∠ ぴ (an olive,) This refers t o t he blessed t ree ment ioned previously.

び∃るΒｚ よ͡ ∇ゲビ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ Βｚ ホ͡ ∇ゲセ ∠ Ι ｚぴ (neit her of t he east nor of t he west ,) means, it is not in t he east ern part of t he land so t hat it does not get any sun in t he first part of t he day, nor is it in t he west ern part of t he land so t hat it is shaded from t he sun before sunset , but it is in a cent ral posit ion where it get s sun from t he beginning of t he day unt il t he end, so it s oil is good and pure and shining. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on:

び∃るΒｚ よ͡ ∇ゲビ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ Βｚ ホ͡ ∇ゲセ ∠ Ι ｚ る∃ ル∠ ヲ⊥わ∇Αコ∠ ぴ (an olive, neit her of t he east nor of t he west ,) "This is a t ree in t he desert which is not shaded by any ot her t ree or mount ain or cave, not hing covers it , and t his is best for it s oil.'' Muj ahid comment ed on:

び∃るΒｚ よ͡ ∇ゲビ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ Βｚ ホ͡ ∇ゲセ ∠ Ι ｚぴ

(neit her of t he east nor of t he west , ) saying; "It is not in t he east where it will get no sun when t he sun set s, nor is it in t he west where it will get no sun when t he sun rises, but it is in a posit ion where it will get sun bot h at sunrise and sunset .'' Sa` id bin Jubayr comment ed:

ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ ∇Αコ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠ムΑ∠ る∃ Βｚ よ͡ ∇ゲビ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ Βｚ ホ͡ ∇ゲセ ∠ Ι ｚ る∃ ル∠ ヲ⊥わ∇Αコ∠ ぴ び⊥￢ヴ͡ツΑ⊥ (an olive, neit her of t he east nor of t he west , whose oil would almost glow fort h (of it self)) "This is t he best kind of oil. When t he sun rises it reaches t he t ree from t he east and when it set s it reaches it from t he west , so t he sun reaches it morning and evening, so it is not count ed as being in t he east or in t he west .''

び∀ケゅ∠ル ヮ⊥ ∇ジジ ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ￢⊥ ヴ͡ツΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ ∇Αコ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠ムΑ∠ ぴ (whose oil would almost glow fort h (of it self), t hough no fire t ouched it .) ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said (t his means) because t he oil it self is shining.

び∃ケヲ⊥ル ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ケヲぁルぴ (Light upon Light !) Al-` Awfi narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat t his meant t he fait h and deeds of a person. As-Suddi said:

び∃ケヲ⊥ル ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ケヲぁルぴ (Light upon Light !) "Light of t he fire and t he light of t he oil: when t hey are combined t hey give light , and neit her of t hem can give light wit hout t he ot her. Similarly t he light of t he Qur'an and t he light of fait h give light when t hey are combined, and neit her can do so wit hout t he ot her.''

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ロ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥レャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ぴ (Allah guides t o His Light whom He wills.) means, Allah shows t he way t o t he ones whom He chooses, as it says in t he Hadit h recorded by Imam Ahmad from ` Abdullah bin ` Amr, who said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah say:

ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ヤニ ⊥ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» ロ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ル ∇リョ͡ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩∃グゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ロ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ル ∇リョ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠

ブ ｚ ィ ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ほ∠ト ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ギわ∠ ∇ワや グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ «モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ユ͡ ∇ヤハ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠ボ∠ ∇ャや (Allah creat ed His creat ion in darkness, t hen on t he same day He sent His Light upon t hem. Whoever was t ouched by His Light on t hat day will be guided and whoever was missed will be led ast ray. Hence I say: t he pens have dried in accordance wit h t he knowledge of Allah, may He be glorified.)''

￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ メ ∠ ゅ∠ん∇ョΙ ｘ や ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∀ユΒ͡ ヤ∠ハ ∠ (And Allah set s fort h parables for mankind, and Allah is All-Knower of everyt hing.) Having ment ioned t his parable of t he Light of His guidance in t he heart of t he believer, Allah ends t his Ayah wit h t he words:

￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ メ ∠ ゅ∠ん∇ョΙ ｘ や ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∀ユΒ͡ ヤ∠ハ ∠ (And Allah set s fort h parables for mankind, and Allah is All-Knower of everyt hing.) meaning, He knows best who deserves t o be guided and who deserves t o be led ast ray. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ァ ͡ やゲ∠ ジ あ ャや モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ キ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∀ょ∇ヤ∠ホ :る∀ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや» ょ ∀ ∇ヤホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮプ͡ ゅ∠ヤビ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ヅヲ⊥よ∇ゲョ∠ ブ ⊥ ヤ∠∇ビぺ∠ ょ ∀ ∇ヤホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ゲワ͡ ∇ゴΑ⊥ :キ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ィほ∠∇ャや ょ ⊥ ∇ヤボ∠ ∇ャや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ .∀ウ∠ヘ∇ダョ⊥ ょ ∀ ∇ヤホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀サヲ⊥ム∇レョ∠ ょ ⊥ ∇ヤボ∠ ∇ャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ロケ⊥ ヲ⊥ル ヮ͡ Β͡プ ヮ⊥ ィ ⊥ や∠ゲシ ͡ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ∇ヤボ∠ プ∠ ょ ⊥ ∇ヤボ∠ プ∠ サ ⊥ ヲム⊥ ∇レヨ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ∇ヤボ∠ ∇ャや ゅｚョ∠ぺ∠ヱ ∩͡ゲプ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや ょ ⊥ ∇ヤボ∠ プ∠ ブ ⊥ ヤ∠∇ビほ∠∇ャや ウ ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ダヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ∇ヤボ∠ ∇ャや ゅｚョ∠ぺ∠ヱ ∩∠ゲム∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ フ ∠ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ∩͡ペプ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡み∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀ベゅ∠ヘル͡ ヱ∠ ∀ラゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∀ ∇ヤボ∠ プ∠

モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ベ ͡ ゅ∠ヘレあ ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ょΒあ ト ｚ ャや ￢⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ゅ∠ワギぁ ͡ヨΑ⊥ る͡ ヤ∠∇ボら∠ ∇ャや ∇ろら∠ ヤ∠ビ ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ギｚ ヨ∇ャや ヵ ぁ ほ∠プ∠ ∩⊥ウ∇Βボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ュ⊥ ｚギャや ゅ∠ワギぁ ヨ͡ Α⊥ る͡ ェ ∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや «ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろら∠ ヤ∠ビ ∠ ン∠ゲ∇カほ⊥∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (Heart s are of four kinds: t he heart t hat is clear like a shining lamp; t he heart t hat is covered and t ied up; t he heart t hat is upside-down; and t he heart t hat is clad in armor. As for t he clear heart , it is t he heart of t he believer in which is a lamp filled wit h light ; as for t he covered heart , t his is t he heart of t he disbeliever; as for t he upside-down heart , t his is t he heart of t he hypocrit e, who recognizes t hen denies; as for t he armor-clad heart , t his is t he heart in which t here is bot h fait h and hypocrisy. The parable of t he fait h in it is t hat of legume, a sprout t hat is irrigat ed wit h good wat er, and t he likeness of t he hypocrisy in it is t hat of sores t hat are fed by blood and pus. Whichever of t he t wo prevails is t he charact erist ic t hat will dominat e.) It s chain of narrat ors is good (Jayyid) alt hough t hey (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) did not record it .

ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇シや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゲ∠ ミ∠ ∇グΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ノ∠ プ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ れ ∃ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ヴ͡プぴ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ヰ∇ヤゎ⊥ Ι ｚ ∀メゅ∠ィ͡ケ - メ ͡ ゅ∠タΙ ｘ や∠ヱ あヱギ⊥ ピ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ Α⊥ ￢͡ べ∠わΑ͡まヱ∠ り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ュ͡ ゅ∠ホま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ∀ノ∇Β∠よ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀り∠ゲ⇒∠イ͡ゎ ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ⊥ ヤｚボ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ⇒∠ガΑ∠ り͡ ヲ⇒∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Α∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ - ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ベ ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ワギ∠ Α͡ゴΑ∠ ヱ∠ びゆ ∃ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ (36. In houses which Allah has ordered t o be raised, in t hem His Name is remembered. Therein glorify Him in t he mornings and in t he evenings,) (37. Men whom neit her t rade nor business divert s from t he remembrance of Allah nor from performing t he Salah nor from giving t he Zakah. They fear a Day when heart s and eyes will be overt urned.) (38. That Allah may reward t hem according t o t he best of t heir deeds, and add even more for t hem out of His grace. And Allah provides wit hout measure t o whom He wills.)

The Virtues of the Masjids, the Correct Etiquette, and the Virtues of Those who take care of them Having likened t he heart of t he believer and what it cont ains of guidance and knowledge t o a lamp lit wit h good oil shining in a clear glass, Allah t hen st at es where it belongs, which is in t he

Masj ids, t he places on eart h t hat are most beloved t o Allah. The Masj ids are His houses where He Alone is worshipped. So Allah says:

び∠ノプ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ れ ∃ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ヴ͡プぴ (In houses which Allah has ordered t o be raised,) meaning, Allah has commanded t hat t hey be est ablished and t hat t hey be kept clean of any filt h, idle t alk or words or deeds t hat are inappropriat e. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas concerning t his Ayah:

び∠ノプ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ れ ∃ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ヴ͡プぴ (In houses which Allah has ordered t o be raised,) he said; "Allah forbade idle t alk in t hem.'' This was also t he view of ` Ikrimah, Abu Salih, Ad-Dahhak, Nafi` bin Jubayr, Abu Bakr bin Sulayman bin Abi Hat hamah, Sufyan bin Husayn and ot hers among t he scholars of Tafsir. Many Hadit hs have been narrat ed concerning t he const ruct ion of Masj ids, honoring t hem, respect ing t hem, and perfuming t hem wit h incense et c. This has been discussed in more det ail elsewhere, and I have writ t en a book dealing wit h t his t opic on it s own, praise and blessings be t o Allah. Wit h Allah's help we will ment ion here a few of t hese Hadit hs, if Allah wills. In Allah we put our t rust and reliance. ` Ut hman bin ` Affan, t he Commander of t he fait hful, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said; "I heard t he Messenger of Allah say:

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヴ∠レよ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヮ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヶ͡ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ や⇔ギイ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ ヴ∠レよ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ (Whoever builds a Masj id seeking t he Face of Allah, Allah will build for him somet hing similar t o it in Paradise.) It was narrat ed in t he Two Sahihs. Ibn Maj ah narrat ed t hat ` Umar bin AlKhat t ab, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said; "The Messenger of Allah said:

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヴ∠レよ∠ ぶ ͡ や ユ⊥ ∇シや ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゲ⊥ ミ∠ ∇グΑ⊥ や⇔ギイ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ ヴ∠レよ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ⇔わ∇Βよ∠ (Whoever builds a Masj id in which t he Name of Allah is remembered, Allah will build for him a house in Paradise.) An-Nasa'i ment ioned somet hing similar. There are very many Hadit hs which say t his. ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said: "The Messenger of Allah commanded us t o build Masj ids among t he houses, and t o clean t hem and perfume t hem.'' This was recorded by Ahmad and t he Sunan compilers wit h t he except ion of An-Nasa'i. Ahmad and Abu Dawud recorded a similar report from Samurah bin Jundub.Al-Bukhari said: "` Umar said: ` Build for t he people a place t o worship Allah, and beware of using red or yellow for adornment and decorat ion and dist ract ing t he people t hereby.''' Abu Dawud narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

«ギ͡ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ Β͡Β∇ゼわ∠ よ͡ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ョ»

(I was not commanded t o Tashyid t he Masj ids.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "Decorat ing t hem as t he Jews and Christ ians did.'' Anas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ヶ͡プ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ワゅ∠らわ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ギ͡ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや (The Hour will not come unt il people show off in building Masj ids.) It was recorded by Ahmad and t he compilers of t he Sunan, wit h t he except ion of At -Tirmidhi.Buraydah narrat ed t hat a man called out in t he Masj id and said, "Has any body said anyt hing about a red camel'' The Prophet said:

«ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろΒ∠ レ͡ よ⊥ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ギ⊥ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ Β∠ レ͡ よ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∩∠れ∇ギ∠ィ∠ヱ ∩ゅ∠ャ» (May you never find it ! The Masj ids were built only for what t hey were built for.) This was narrat ed by Muslim. Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

∩͡ギイ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ネ ⊥ ゅ∠わ∇らΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡らΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡» ∇リョ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠マゎ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠イゎ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ウ ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボプ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ワキｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠ャ :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボプ∠ ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ る⇔ ャｚゅ∠ッ ギ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ «マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (If you see someone buying or selling in t he Masj id, say t o him, "May Allah never make your business profit able!'' And if you see someone calling out about lost propert y, say, "May Allah never ret urn it t o you!'') This was recorded by At -Tirmidhi, who said: "Hasan Gharib.'' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat As-Sa'ib bin Yazid Al-Kindi said, "I was st anding in t he Masj id and a man t hrew pebbles at me, so I looked and saw ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab who said, ` Go and bring me t hese t wo men.' I went and brought t hem t o him, and he said, ` Who are you' Or, ` Where do you come from' They said, ` We are from At -Ta'if.' ` Umar said, ` If you had been from t his t own I would have hit you, for you are raising your voices in t he Masj id of t he Messenger of Allah .''' An-Nasa'i recorded t hat Ibrahim bin ` Abdur-Rahman bin ` Awf said: "` Umar heard t he voice of a man in t he Masj id and said: ` Do you know where you are''' This is also Sahih. Al-Hafiz Abu Ya` la AlMusili recorded from Ibn ` Umar t hat ` Umar used t o burn incense in t he Masj id of t he Messenger of Allah every Friday. It s chain of narrat ion is Hasan and t here is not hing wrong wit h it , Allah knows best . It is confirmed in t he Two Sahihs t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ブ ⊥ ｚバツ ∠ ゎ⊥ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ モ ͡ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや り⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ » リ ∠ Α͡ゲ∇ゼハ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ヮ͡ ホ͡ ヲ⊥シ ヶ͡プヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠

ｚユを⊥ ロ⊥ ￢∠ ヲ⊥ッヱ⊥ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ ほ∠ッ ｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ や∠クま∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ∇バッ ͡ テ ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ゅｚャま͡ ヮ⊥ ィ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ｚテェ ⊥ ヱ∠ る∀ ィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ノ∠ プ͡ ケ⊥ ゅｚャま͡ り⇔ ヲ∠ ∇トカ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヶあヤダ ∠ ゎ⊥ る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ͡ ゴ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヴｚヤタ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ .∀るゃ∠ Β͡トカ ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ あタ ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや :ロ⊥ ゅｚヤダ ∠ ョ⊥ ヶ͡プ ュ∠ や∠キ ゅ∠ョ «り∠ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ わ∠ ∇ルや ゅョ∠ り∃ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ヶ͡プ メ ⊥ や∠ゴΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ .ヮ⊥ ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ケや (A man's prayer in congregat ion is t went y-five t imes bet t er t han his prayer in his house or t he market place. That is because if he performs Wudu' and does it well, t hen he goes out t o go t o t he Masj id, and for no ot her purpose t han t o pray, he does not t ake one st ep but he increases in one level in st at us and one sin is removed. When he prays, t he angels cont inue sending blessings on him as long as he is in t he place where he prays, ぴt hey sayび, "O Allah, send blessings on him, O Allah, have mercy on him.'' And he will remain in a st at e of prayer as long as he is wait ing for t he prayer.) The following is recorded in t he Sunan:

ケ͡ ヲぁレャゅ͡よ ユ͡ ヤ∠ヌ ぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ギ͡ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ∠ Β͡もゅｚゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ゼ あ よ∠ » «る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ュあ ゅｚわャや (Those who walk t o t he Masj ids when it is dark, give t hem t he glad t idings of complet e Light on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) When ent ering t he Masj id, it is recommended t o ent er wit h one's right foot , and t o say t he supplicat ion recorded in Sahih Al-Bukhari, where it is narrat ed from ` Abdullah bin ` Amr t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o say, when he ent ered t he Masj id:

ヮ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡ユΑ͡ゲム∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヰ͡ ∇ィヲ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠» «ユ͡ Β͡ィゲｚ ャや ラ ͡ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∩͡ユΑ͡ギボ∠ ∇ャや (I seek refuge wit h Allah Almight y and wit h His Noble Face, and wit h His Et ernal Domain, from t he accursed Shayt an.) ぴHe (one of t he narrat ors) asked, ` Is t hat all' He answered, ` Yes'び. If he says t his, t he Shayt an says: "He will be prot ect ed from me all day long.'' Muslim recorded t hat Abu Humayd or Abu Usayd said: The Messenger of Allah said:

ヶ͡ャ ∇ウわ∠ ∇プや ｚユヰ⊥ ヤｚャや :∇モボ⊥ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ギ∠ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ や∠クま͡» ヶあルま͡ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや :∇モボ⊥ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ.マ ∠ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ «マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ⊥ほ∠∇シぺ∠ (When anyone of you ent ers t he Masj id, let him say: "O Allah, open t he gat es of Your mercy for me. And when he comes out , let him say: "O Allah, I ask You of Your bount y.'') An-Nasa'i also recorded t his from t hem from t he Prophet . Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: The Messenger of Allah said:

.ヶ あ ら͡ レｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヤあジ ∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ギ∠ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ や∠クま͡» ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠マわ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ヶ͡ャ ∇ウわ∠ ∇プや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ｚヤャや :モ ͡ ボ⊥ Β∠ ∇ャヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ヶ͡レ∇ヨダ ͡ ∇ハや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや :モ ͡ ボ⊥ Β∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ヶ あ ら͡ レｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヤあジ ∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ «ユ͡ Β͡ィゲｚ ャや ラ ͡ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや (When anyone of you ent ers t he Masj id, let him invoke blessings on t he Prophet t hen let him say: "O Allah, open t he gat es of Your mercy for me.'' When he comes out , let him invoke blessings on t he Prophet and say, "O Allah, prot ect me from t he accursed Shayt an.'') This was also recorded by Ibn Maj ah, as well as Ibn Khuzaymah and Ibn Hibban in t heir Sahihs.

び⊥ヮヨ⊥ ∇シや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゲ∠ ミ∠ ∇グΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (in t hem His Name is remembered.) meaning, t he Name of Allah. This is like t he Ayat :

び∃ギイ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ あモミ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユム⊥ わ∠ レ∠ Α͡コ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ュ∠ キ∠ や∠￢ ヴ͡レら∠ ⇒∠Αぴ (O Children of Adam! Take your adornment t o every Masj id...) ぴ7:31び

ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇キや∠ヱ ギ∃ イ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ あモミ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユム⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∠リΑあギャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ダヤ͡∇ガョ⊥ (and you should face (Him only) in each and every Masj id, and invoke Him only making your religion sincere t o Him) ぴ7:29び.

び͡ヮヤｚャ͡ ギ∠ イ ͡ ⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he Masj ids are for Allah) ぴ72:18び.

び⊥ヮヨ⊥ ∇シや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゲ∠ ミ∠ ∇グΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (in t hem His Name is remembered.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "This means t hat His Book is recit ed t herein.''

び͡メゅ∠タｘΙや∠ヱ あヱギ⊥ ピ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (Therein glorify Him in t he mornings and in t he evenings.)

び͡ヮヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ∀ノ∇Β∠よ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀り∠ゲ⇒∠イ͡ゎ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ヰ∇ヤゎ⊥ Ι ｚ ∀メゅ∠ィケ͡ ぴ (Men whom neit her t rade nor business divert s from t he remembrance of Allah) This is like t he Ayat :

∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヰ͡ ∇ヤゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ (O you who believe! Let not your propert ies or your children divert you from t he remembrance of Allah.) ぴ63:9び

ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ͡ョ り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ヤ͡ャ ン ∠ キ͡ ヲ⊥ル や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び∠ノ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ケク∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヲバ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ る͡ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや (O you who believe! When t he call is proclaimed for t he Salah on Friday, hast en earnest ly t o t he remembrance of Allah and leave off business.) ぴ62:9び Allah says t hat t his world and it s adornment s, at t ract ions and market places should not dist ract t hem from remembering t heir Lord Who creat ed t hem and sust ains t hem, t hose who know t hat what is wit h Him is bet t er for t hem t han what t hey t hemselves possess, because what t hey have is t ransient but t hat which is wit h Allah is et ernal. Allah says:

ュ͡ ゅ∠ホま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ∀ノ∇Β∠よ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀り∠ゲ⇒∠イ͡ゎ ∇ユヰ͡ Βヰ͡ ∇ヤゎ⊥ Ι ｚぴ び͡りヲ⇒∠ミゴｚ ャや ￢͡ べ∠わΑ͡まヱ∠ り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや

(Men whom neit her t rade nor business divert s from t he remembrance of Allah nor from performing t he Salah nor from giving t he Zakah). meaning, t hey give priorit y t o obeying Allah and doing what He want s and what pleases Him over doing what t hey want and what pleases t hem. It was report ed from Salim from ` Abdullah bin ` Umar t hat he was in t he market place when t he Iqamah for prayer was called, so t hey closed t heir st ores and ent ered t he Masj id. Ibn ` Umar said: "Concerning t hem t he Ayah was revealed:

び͡ヮヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ∀ノ∇Β∠よ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀り∠ゲ⇒∠イ͡ゎ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ヰ∇ヤゎ⊥ Ι ｚ ∀メゅ∠ィ͡ケぴ (Men whom neit her t rade nor business divert s from t he remembrance of Allah).'' This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hat im and Ibn Jarir.

び͡ヮヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ∀ノ∇Β∠よ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀り∠ゲ⇒∠イ͡ゎ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ヰ∇ヤゎ⊥ Ι ｚぴ (Men whom neit her t rade nor business divert s from t he remembrance of Allah). ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "This meant from t he prescribed prayers.'' This was also t he view of Muqat il bin Hayyan and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas. As-Suddi said: "From prayer in congregat ion.'' Muqat il bin Hayyan said, "That does not dist ract t hem from at t ending t he prayer and est ablishing it as Allah commanded t hem, and from doing t he prayers at t he prescribed t imes and doing all t hat Allah has enj oined upon t hem in t he prayer.''

び⊥ゲ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ⊥ ヤｚボ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ⇒∠ガΑ∠ ぴ (They fear a Day when heart s and eyes will be overt urned.) means, t he Day of Resurrect ion when people's heart s and eyes will be overt urned, because of t he int ensit y of t he fear and t error of t hat Day. This is like t he Ayah:

び͡るプ∠ コ͡ Ι ｘ や ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And warn t hem of t he Day t hat is drawing near...) ぴ40:18び,

び⊥ゲ⇒∠ダ∇よΕ ∠ や ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゾ ⊥ ガ ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ あカぽ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (but He gives t hem respit e up t o a Day when t he eyes will st are in horror) ぴ14:42び.

ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡わΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レΒ͡ム∇ジョ͡ ヮ͡ らあ ェ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨバ͡ ∇トΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲル⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヮ͡ ∇ィヲ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヨ⊥ バ͡ ∇トル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - や⇔ゲΒ͡シぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠レよあ ケｚ リ͡ョ フ ⊥ ゅ∠ガル∠ ゅｚル͡ま - や⇔ケヲ⊥ムセ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ュ͡ ヲ∠Β∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゲｚ セ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ホヲ∠ プ∠ - や⇔ゲΑ͡ゲト ∠ ∇ヨホ∠ ゅ⇔シヲ⊥らハ ∠

∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ゴィ ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ケヱ⊥ゲシ ⊥ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ツル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒ｚボャ∠ヱ∠ び や⇔ゲΑ͡ゲェ ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ レｚ ィ ∠ (And t hey give food, inspit e of t heir love for it , t o t he poor, t he orphan, and t he capt ive, (saying:) "We feed you seeking Allah's Face only. We wish for no reward, nor t hanks from you. Verily, We fear from our Lord a Day, hard and dist ressful, t hat will make t he faces look horrible.'' So Allah saved t hem from t he evil of t hat Day, and gave t hem a light of beaut y and j oy. And t heir recompense shall be Paradise, and silken garment s, because t hey were pat ient ) ぴ76:8-12び. And Allah says here:

び∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Α∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ (That Allah may reward t hem according t o t he best of t heir deeds,) meaning, "They are t hose from whom We shall accept t he best of t heir deeds and overlook t heir evil deeds.''

び͡ヮヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ワギ∠ Α͡ゴΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and add even more for t hem out of His grace.) means, He will accept t heir good deeds and mult iply t hem for t hem, as Allah says:

び∃りケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, Allah wrongs not even of t he weight of a speck of dust .) ぴ4:40び

びゅ∠ヰャ͡ゅ∠ん∇ョぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ゼハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ る͡ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ∠ョぴ (Whoever brings a good deed shall have t en t imes t he like t hereof t o his credit .) ぴ6:160び

びゅ⇔レジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ⇔ッ∇ゲホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや チ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ボΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや や∠ク リｚョぴ (Who is he t hat will lend t o Allah a goodly loan. ) ぴ2:245び

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ブ ⊥ バ͡ ⇒∠ツΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (Allah gives manifold increase t o whom He wills.) ぴ2:261び And Allah says here:

び∃ゆゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ベ ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah provides wit hout measure t o whom He wills.)

ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ る∃ バ∠ Β͡ボよ͡ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲジ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ロ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ラ ⊥ べ∇ヨヌ ｚ ャや ∇ヱぺ∠ - ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒ｚプヲ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ヮ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リあョ ∀ァ∇ヲョ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ゼ∇ピ∠Α ヴ ｙイ あ ャぁ ゲ∃ ∇エよ∠ ヴ͡プ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ⊥ ミ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゅ∠ヰツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∀ろ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ ∀ゆゅ∠エ∠シ ヮ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リあョ ∀ァ∇ヲ∠ョ モ ͡ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ワや∠ゲΑ∠ ∇ギム∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ Α∠ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ び ケ∃ ヲ⊥ル リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (39. As for t hose who disbelieved, t heir deeds are like a mirage in a Qi` ah. The t hirst y one t hinks it t o be wat er unt il he comes up t o it , he finds it t o be not hing; but he finds Allah wit h him, Who will pay him his due. And Allah is swift in t aking account .) (40. Or like t he darkness in a vast deep sea, overwhelmed wit h waves t opped by waves, t opped by dark clouds, (layers of) darkness upon darkness: if a man st ret ches out his hand, he can hardly see it ! And he for whom Allah has not appoint ed light , for him t here is no light .)

Two Examples of two kinds of Disbelievers These are t wo examples which Allah set s fort h of t wo kinds of disbelievers. Similarly He set s fort h t wo parables of t he hypocrit es at t he beginning of Surat Al-Baqarah: one involving fire and t he ot her involving wat er. Similarly, in Surat Ar-Ra` d He gives t wo parables of t he guidance and knowledge t hat are inst illed in t he heart , again involving fire and wat er; we have discussed each of t hem in t he appropriat e place and t here is no need t o repeat it here, praise be t o Allah. The first of t hese t wo examples is t hat of t he disbelievers who call ot hers t o t heir disbelief, t hinking t hat t hey have good act ions and beliefs, when t his is not in fact t he case. Their likeness is t hat of a mirage which is seen in a desert plain, looking from a dist ance as if it is a deep sea. The word Qi` ah refers t o a vast , flat , level area of land in which t he mirage may appear. There are different kinds of mirage, one which appears aft er midday, and anot her which appears in t he morning and looks like wat er bet ween heaven and eart h. If a person who is in need of wat er sees t he mirage, he t hinks t hat it is wat er so he heads t owards it in order t o drink from it , but when he reaches it ,

び⇔ゅゃ∇Βセ ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぴ (he finds it t o be not hing.); Similarly t he disbeliever t hinks t hat he is doing somet hing good and t hat he has achieved somet hing, but when Allah j udges him on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and brings him t o account and examines his deeds, he will find t hat not hing has been accept ed at all, eit her because of a lack of sincere belief or because he did not follow t he proper ways of t he Shari` ah. As Allah says:

￢⇔ べ∠らワ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ モ ∃ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇ョ͡ギ∠ホ∠ヱぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥んレｚョ (And We shall t urn t o what ever deeds t hey did, and We shall make such deeds as scat t ered float ing part icles of dust .) ぴ25:23び. And He says here:

ノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒ｚプヲ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ゆゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや (but he finds Allah wit h him, who will pay him his due. And Allah is swift in t aking account .) A similar view was also narrat ed from Ubayy bin Ka` b, Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Qat adah and ot hers. In t he Two Sahihs, it is report ed t hat on t he Day of Resurrect ion it will be said t o t he Jews, "What did you used t o worship'' They will say, "We used t o worship ` Uzayr t he son of Allah.'' It will be said t o t hem, "You have lied. Allah has not begot t en a son. What do you want '' They will say, "O Lord, we are t hirst y, give us somet hing t o drink.'' It will be said t o t hem, "Do you not see'' Then Hell will be shown t o t hem as if it is a mirage, part s of it consuming ot her part s, and t hey will go and fall int o it . This is t he parable of one whose ignorance is deep and advanced. As for t hose whose ignorance is simple, t hose who are uneducat ed and foolish and blindly follow t he leaders of disbelief, knowing and underst anding not hing, t heir parable is as Allah says: d

ヮ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リあョ ∀ァ∇ヲ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ゼ∇ピ∠Α ヴ ｙイ あ ャぁ ゲ∃ ∇エよ∠ ヴ͡プ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ⊥ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゅ∠ヰツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∀ろ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ ∀ゆゅ∠エ∠シ ヮ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リあョ ∀ァ∇ヲ∠ョ びゅ∠ワや∠ゲΑ∠ ∇ギム∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ Α∠ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ (Or like t he darkness in a vast deep sea, overwhelmed wit h waves t opped by waves, t opped by dark clouds, darkness upon darkness: if a man st ret ches out his hand, he can hardly see it !) meaning, he can hardly see it because it is so int ensely dark. This is t he parable of t he heart of t he disbeliever whose ignorance is simple, who merely follows and does not know t he t rue nat ure of t he one whom he follows or where he is going. He is like t he ignorant man in t he parable who was asked, "Where are you going'' He said, "Wit h t hem.'' He was asked, "Where are t hey going'' He said, "I do not know.''

び∃ヂ∇バよ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゅ∠ヰツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∀ろ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ぴ (darkness upon darkness) Ubayy bin Ka` b said: "He is enveloped in five t ypes of darkness: his speech is darkness, his deeds are darkness, his coming in is darkness, his going out is darkness and his dest iny on t he Day of Resurrect ion will be darkness in t he fire of Hell.'' As-Suddi and ArRabi` bin Anas also said somet hing similar.

び∃ケヲ⊥ル リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And he for whom Allah has not appoint ed light , for him t here is no light .) One whom Allah does not guide is ignorant and doomed, an ut t er loser and disbeliever. This is like t he Ayah:

び⊥ヮャ∠ ヵ ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠ワ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョぴ (Whomsoever Allah sends ast ray, none can guide him) ぴ7:186び This is in cont rast t o what Allah says about t he believers:

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ロ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥レャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ぴ (Allah guides t o His Light whom He wills. ) ぴ24:35び We ask Allah t he Almight y t o put light in our heart s and give us light on our right and on our left , and t o increase us in light .

れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ Κ ∠タ ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚプべ∠タ ゲ⊥ ∇Βト ｚ ャや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ∠エΒ͡ら∇ジ∠ゎ∠ヱ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (41. See you not t hat Allah, He it is Whom glorify whosoever is in t he heavens and t he eart h, and t he birds wit h wings out spread Of each one He knows indeed his Salah and his glorificat ion; and Allah is All-Aware of what t hey do.) (42. And t o Allah belongs t he sovereignt y of t he heavens and t he eart h, and t o Allah is t he ret urn.)

Everything glorifies Allah, may He be exalted, and to Him belongs the Sovereignty Allah t ells us t hat whosoever is in t he heavens and on t he eart h, i.e., t he angels, mankind, Jinn, animals and even inanimat e obj ect s, all glorify Him. This is like t he Ayah:

びｚリヰ͡ Β͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ノ⊥ ∇らｚジャや れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ ゎ⊥ ぴ (The seven heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is t herein, glorify Him) ぴ17:44び,

び∃ろ⇒ｚプべ∠タ ゲ⊥ ∇Βト ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ

(and t he birds wit h wings out spread) means, while t hey are flying t hey glorify t heir Lord and worship Him wit h t he glorificat ion wit h which t hey are inspired and t o which t hey are guided. Allah knows what t hey are doing, and so He says:

びヮ⊥ エ ∠ Β͡ら∇ジゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ Κ ∠タ ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ぴ (Of each one He knows indeed his Salah and his glorificat ion;) meaning, He has guided every creat ure t o it s own way of worshipping Allah, may He be glorified. Then Allah t ells us t hat He knows all of t hat and not hing at all is hidden from Him. He says:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (and Allah is All-Aware of what t hey do.) Then Allah t ells us t hat t o Him belongs t he sovereignt y of heaven and eart h, and t hat He is t he Ruler and Cont roller, t he God Who is worshipped and besides Whom none ot her is t o be worshipped, and t here is none t o put back His j udgement .

び⊥ゲΒ͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t o Allah is t he ret urn) means, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, when He will j udge as He wills,

び∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥￢ゅ∠シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン ∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ (t hat He may requit e t hose who do evil wit h t hat which t hey have done...) ぴ53:31び He is t he Creat or and Sovereign, and His is indeed t he Aut horit y in t his world and t he next . To Him be praise at t he beginning and in t he end.

ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ブ ⊥ あャぽ∠ Α⊥ ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔よゅ∠エシ ∠ ヴ͡ィ∇ゴΑ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ヮ͡ ャ͡Κ ∠カ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ベ ∠ ∇キヲ∠ ∇ャや ン∠ゲわ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ミケ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ キ∃ ゲ∠ よ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ メ ∃ ゅ∠らィ ͡ リ͡ョ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リｚョ リ∠ハ ヮ⊥ プ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ダΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ょ ⊥ Β͡ダΒ⊥ プ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ⊥ あヤボ∠ Α⊥ - ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ ょ ⊥ ワ∠ ∇グΑ∠ ヮ͡ ホ͡ ∇ゲよ∠ ゅ∠レ∠シ キ⊥ ゅ∠ムΑ∠ び ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱΕ ⊥ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇らバ͡ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ (43. See you not t hat Allah drives t he clouds gent ly, t hen j oins t hem t oget her, t hen makes t hem int o a heap of layers, and you see t he rain come fort h from bet ween t hem; and He sends down from t he sky, from mount ains in it of ice, and st rikes t herewit h whom He wills, and

avert s it from whom He wills. The vivid flash of it s (clouds) light ning nearly blinds t he sight .) (44. Allah causes t he night and t he day t o succeed each ot her. Truly, in t his is indeed a lesson for t hose who have insight .)

The Power of Allah to create the Clouds and that which comes from Them Allah t ells us t hat He drives t he clouds from t he beginning, when t hey are formed and are st ill weak. This is t he "Gent le driving.''

び⊥ヮレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ブ ⊥ あャぽ∠ Α⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen j oins t hem t oget her,) means, He brings t hem t oget her aft er t hey have been scat t ered.

び⇔ゅョゅ∠ミケ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen makes t hem int o a heap of layers,) means, He piles t hem up on t op of one anot her.

び∠ベ∇キヲ∠ ∇ャや ン∠ゲわ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and you see t he Wadq) meaning t he rain,

び͡ヮ͡ャ∠Κ͡カ ∇リョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ぴ (come fort h from bet ween t hem;) means, from t he gaps bet ween t hem. This is how it was underst ood by Ibn ` Abbas and Ad-Dahhak. ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr Al-Layt hi said: "Allah sends t he scat t erer ぴwindび, which st irs up t hat which is on t he surface of t he eart h. Then he sends t he generat or ぴwindび, which forms t he clouds. Then He sends t he j oiner ぴwindび which brings t hem t oget her. Then He sends t he fert ilizer ぴwindび which fert ilizes or ` seeds' t he clouds.'' This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hat im and Ibn Jarir.

び∃キゲ∠ よ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ メ ∃ ゅ∠らィ ͡ リ͡ョ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He sends down from ぴMinび t he sky, from ぴMinび mount ains in it of ぴMinび ice,) Some of t he grammarians said t hat t he first Min describes t he place from which it is coming, t he second specifies from which part of t he sky it comes, and t he t hird means some kind of mount ains. This is based on t he view of t hose scholars of Tafsir who say t hat ,

び∃キゲ∠ よ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰΒプ͡ メ ∃ ゅ∠らィ ͡ リ͡ョぴ (from ぴMinび mount ains in it of ぴMinび ice) means t hat t here are mount ains of hail in t he sky from which Allah sends down ice. As for t hose who say t hat "mount ains'' here is used as a met aphor

for clouds, t hey t hink t hat t he second Min is also used t o describe t he place from which t he ice is coming, and is t hus int erchangeable wit h t he first . And Allah knows best .

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リｚョ リ∠ハ ヮ⊥ プ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ダΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ょ ⊥ Β͡ダΒ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (and st rikes t herewit h whom He wills, and avert s it from whom He wills.) It may be t hat t he phrase

び͡ヮよ͡ ょ ⊥ Β͡ダΒ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (and st rikes t herewit h) means, wit h what He sends down from t he sky of different kinds of rain and hail. So t hen t he phrase

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ょ ⊥ Β͡ダΒ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (and st rikes t herewit h whom He wills) means, by His mercy t owards t hem, and

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リｚョ リ∠ハ ヮ⊥ プ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ダΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and avert s it from whom He wills. ) means, He wit hholds rain from t hem. Or it may be t hat

び͡ヮよ͡ ょ ⊥ Β͡ダΒ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (and st rikes t herewit h) means, wit h hail, as a punishment t owards whomever He wills, st riking t heir fruit s and dest roying t heir crops and t rees. And He avert s it from whomever He wills as a mercy t owards t hem.

び͡ゲ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ ょ ⊥ ワ∠ ∇グΑ∠ ヮ͡ ホ͡ ∇ゲよ∠ ゅ∠レ∠シ キ⊥ ゅ∠ムΑ∠ ぴ (The vivid flash of it s light ning nearly blinds t he sight .) t he bright ness of it s light ning almost t akes away t heir sight if t he eyes follow it and t ry t o look at it .

び∠ケゅ∠ヰレｚャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ⊥ あヤボ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (Allah causes t he night and t he day t o succeed each ot her.) He is cont rolling t hem, so t hat He t akes somet hing from t he lengt h of one and adds it t o t he ot her, which is short , unt il t hey become equal, t hen He does t he opposit e so t hat t he one which was short becomes long and vice versa. Allah is t he One Who is cont rolling t hat by His command, power, might and knowledge.

び͡ゲ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱΙ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇らバ͡ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴプ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ

(Truly, in t his is indeed a lesson for t hose who have insight .) means, t his is an indicat ion of His great ness, may He be exalt ed. This is like t he Ayah:

モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ブ ͡ ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱｘΙ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΙ ∂ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ (Verily, in t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h, and in t he alt ernat ion of night and day, t here are indeed signs for men of underst anding.) ぴ3:190び and t hereaft er.

ヴ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ￢∃ べｚョ リあョ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ ｚモミ⊥ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠∇ィケ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ͡ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ レ͡ ∇トよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ノ∃ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ リｚョ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (45. Allah has creat ed every moving creat ure from wat er. Of t hem t here are some t hat creep on t heir bellies, and some t hat walk on t wo legs, and some t hat walk on four. Allah creat es what He wills. Verily, Allah is able t o do all t hings.)

Allah's Power in His creation of the Animals Allah ment ions His complet e and almight y power t o creat e all t he different kinds of animals wit h t heir various forms, colors and ways of moving and st opping, from one kind of wat er.

び͡ヮ͡レ∇ト∠よ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ぴ (Of t hem t here are some t hat creep on t heir bellies,) like snakes and so on;

び͡リ∇Βヤ∠∇ィケ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (and some t hat walk on t wo legs,) like humans and birds;

び∃ノよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and some t hat walk on four,) like cat t le and all kinds of animals. Allah says:

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ぴ (Allah creat es what He wills.) meaning by His power, because what He wills happens and what He does not will does not happen. So he says:

び∀ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is able t o do all t hings.)

￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∃ろ⇒∠レΒあ ∠らョぁ ろ ∃ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ べ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ び ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ や∠ゲタ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ (46. We have indeed sent down manifest Ayat . And Allah guides whom He wills t o t he st raight pat h.) Allah st at es t hat in t his Qur'an He has revealed many clear and unambiguous rulings, words of wisdom and parables, and t hat He guides people of underst anding, insight and int ellect t o ponder and underst and t hem. He says:

び∃ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ や∠ゲタ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah guides whom He wills t o t he St raight Pat h.)

ヴｚャヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ へ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ -リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ や∠クま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ∠ ム⊥ ∇エΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ハキ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚャ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ ュ͡ ぺ∠ ∀チ∠ゲョｚ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プぺ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レハ ͡ ∇グョ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ブ ∠ Β͡エΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ∇ケや メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ∠ ム⊥ ∇エΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ハキ⊥ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ ∇ボわｚ Α∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ズ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ノ͡ ト ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ び ラヱ⊥ゴ͡もべ∠ヘ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ (47. They say: "We have believed in Allah and in t he Messenger, and we obey,'' t hen a part y of t hem t urn away t hereaft er, such are not believers.) (48. And when t hey are called t o Allah and His Messenger, t o j udge bet ween t hem, lo! a part y of t hem refuses and t urns away.) (49. But if t he t rut h is on t heir side, t hey come t o him willingly wit h submission.) (50. Is t here a disease in t heir heart s Or do t hey doubt or fear lest Allah and His Messenger should wrong t hem in j udgement . Nay, it is t hey t hemselves who are t he wrongdoers.) (51. The only saying of t he fait hful believers, when t hey are called t o Allah and His Messenger, t o j udge bet ween t hem, is t hat t hey say: "We hear and we obey.'' And such are t he successful.) (52. And whosoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, fears Allah, and has Taqwa of Him, such are t he successful.)

The Treachery of the Hypocrites and the Attitude of the Believers wit h t heir t ongues,

∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ ヴｚャヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャゅ͡よ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ へぴ び∠マャ͡ク ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ("We have believed in Allah and in t he Messenger, and we obey,'' t hen a part y of t hem t urn away t hereaft er,) meaning, t heir act ions cont radict t heir deeds, and t hey say t hat which t hey do not do. Allah says:

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (such are not believers.)

び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ∠ ム⊥ ∇エΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ハキ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t hey are called t o Allah and His Messenger, t o j udge bet ween t hem...) means, when t hey are asked t o follow t he guidance which Allah has revealed t o His Messenger , t hey t urn away and are t oo arrogant ly proud of t hemselves t o follow him. This is like t he Ayah:

メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨハ ⊥ ∇ゴΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び∠マヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡

(Have you not seen t hose who claim t hat t hey believe in t hat which has been sent down t o you, and t hat which was sent down before you,) unt il His saying:

び⇔やキヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ マ ∠ レ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Α∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぴ (you see t he hypocrit es t urn away from you wit h aversion) ぴ4: 60-61び.

びリ ∠ Β͡レハ ͡ ∇グョ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚャ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (But if t he t rut h is on t heir side, t hey come t o him willingly wit h submission.) means, if t he ruling will be in t heir favor and not against t hem, t hen t hey will come and will list en and obey, which is what is meant by t he phrase

び∠リΒ͡レハ ͡ ∇グョ⊥ ぴ (willingly wit h submission.) But if t he ruling will go against him, he t urns away and demands somet hing t hat goes against t he t rut h, and he prefers t o refer for j udgement t o someone ot her t han t he Prophet so t hat his false claims may prevail. His accept ance in t he beginning was not because he believed t hat it was t he t rut h, but because it happened t o be in accordance wit h his desires. So when t he t rut h went against what he was hoping for, he t urned away from it . Allah said:

び∀チゲ∠ ョｚ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プぺ∠ぴ (Is t here a disease in t heir heart s...) meaning, t heir sit uat ion cannot be anyt hing else, t hey must necessarily have a disease in t heir heart s, or else t hey have some doubt s about t he religion, or t hey are afraid t hat Allah and His Messenger will be unj ust in t heir ruling against t hem. Whichever it is, it is pure disbelief, and Allah knows which of t hese charact erist ics each one of t hem has. d

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, it is t hey t hemselves who are t he wrongdoers.) means, t hey are t he evildoers who commit immoral act ions, and Allah and His Messenger are innocent of t he inj ust ice and unfairness t hat t hey imagine; exalt ed be Allah and His Messenger above such a t hing. Then Allah t ells us about t he at t ribut es of t he believers who respond t o Allah and His Messenger and who seek no ot her way apart from t he Book of Allah and t he Sunnah of His Messenger . Allah says:

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ハキ⊥ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ びゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ∠ ム⊥ ∇エΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠

(The only saying of t he fait hful believers, when t hey are called t o Allah and His Messenger, t o j udge bet ween t hem, is t hat t hey say: "We hear and we obey''.) meaning, t o hear t o obey. Allah describes t hem as having at t ained success, which is achieving what one want s and being saved from what one fears. So Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (And such are t he successful.) Concerning t he Ayah:

びゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ (t hey say: "We hear and we obey''.), Qat adah said: "We were t old t hat when ` Ubadah bin AsSamit , who had been present at Al-` Aqabah and at Badr, and was one of t he leaders of t he Ansar, was dying, he said t o his nephew Junadah bin Abi Umayyah: ` Shall I not t ell you what you must do and what is your due' He said, ` Yes.' He said: ` You have t o list en and obey when t imes are easy and when t hey are hard, when you feel energet ic and when you do not want t o, and when you feel selfish. You have t o t rain your t ongue t o speak t he t rut h. Do not go against t hose who are in aut horit y, unless t hey openly command you t o commit act s of disobedience t o Allah. Whenever you are commanded t o do somet hing t hat goes against t he Book of Allah, t hen follow t he Book of Allah.''' Qat adah said: We were t old t hat Abu Ad-Darda' said, "There is no Islam except t hrough obedience t o Allah, and no goodness except in Jama` ah. Sincerit y is t o Allah and His Messenger , and t o t he Khalifah and all t he believers.'' He said: "And we were t old t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab, may Allah be pleased wit h him, used t o say; ` The bonds of Islam are La ilaha illallah, est ablishing prayer, paying Zakah and obeying t hose whom Allah has given aut horit y over t he affairs of t he Muslims.''' This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hat im. There are very many Hadit hs and report s which st at e t hat it is obligat ory t o obey t he Book of Allah, t he Sunnah of His Messenger, t he Right ly-Guided Khalifahs and t he Imams when t hey command us t o obey Allah; t here are t oo many of t hese report s t o quot e t hem all here.

び⊥ヮ∠ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ノ͡ ト ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever obeys Allah and His Messenger,) in what he is commanded wit h, and avoid what he is forbidden,

び∠ヮヤｚャや ズ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (fears Allah, ) means, for his past sins,

び͡ヮ∇ボわｚ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and has Taqwa of Him,) regarding sins he may commit in t he fut ure.

びラヱ⊥ゴも͡ べ∠ヘ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ

(such are t he successful.) means, t hose who will at t ain all goodness and be saved from all evil in t his world and t he Hereaft er.

∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ギ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∀るプ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バョｚ ∀る∠ハゅ∠デ ∇やヲ⊥ヨジ ͡ ∇ボゎ⊥ Ι ｚ モ⊥ホ ｚリィ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∠ ヨあ ェ ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤヨあ ェ ⊥ ゅｚョ びリ ⊥ Β͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ∠ら∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ (53. They swear by Allah t heir st rongest oat hs t hat if only you would order t hem, t hey would leave. Say: "Swear you not ; obedience is known. Verily, Allah knows well what you do.'') (54. Say: "Obey Allah and obey t he Messenger, but if you t urn away, he is only responsible for t he dut y placed on him and you for t hat placed on you. If you obey him, you shall be on t he right guidance. The Messenger's dut y is only t o convey (t he Message) in a clear way.'') Allah says about t he hypocrit es who had promised t he Messenger and sworn t hat if he were t o command t hem t o go out for bat t le, t hey would go:

び∇やヲ⊥ヨジ ͡ ∇ボゎ⊥ Ι ｚ モ⊥ホぴ (Say: "Swear you not ...'') meaning, do not swear t his oat h.

び∀るプ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バョｚ ∀るハ ∠ ゅ∠デぴ (obedience is known.) It was said t hat t he meaning is, your obedience is known, i.e., it is known t hat your obedience is merely verbal and is not accompanied by act ion. Every t ime you swear an oat h you lie. This is like t he Ayah:

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇や∇ヲッ ∠ ∇ゲわ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΑ∠ ぴ (They swear t o you t hat you may be pleased wit h t hem...) ぴ9:96び And Allah says:

び⇔るレｚ ィ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヱ∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ やぴ (They have made t heir oat hs a screen (for t heir evil act ions).) ぴ58:16び It is part of t heir nat ure t o t ell lies, even in t he issues t hey choose, as Allah says:

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ル͡ や∠ヲ∇カΗ ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ⇒∠ル リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ リ ｚィ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ガレ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒わ∠ ム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヲ⊥ホ ラ͡まヱ∠ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Βプ ノ⊥ Β͡トル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ｚルゲ∠ ダ ⊥ レ∠レャ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ͡ゎヲ⊥ホ リ͡ゃャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠よ∇キΙ ｘやリ ｚ ャぁ∠ヲΒ⊥ ∠ャ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ ルｚ リ͡ゃャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Α びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α (Have you not observed t he hypocrit es who say t o t heir friends among t he people of t he Script ure who disbelieve: "If you are expelled, we indeed will go out wit h you, and we shall never obey any one against you; and if you are at t acked, we shall indeed help you.'' But Allah is Wit ness t hat t hey verily are liars. Surely, if t hey are expelled, never will t hey go out wit h t hem; and if t hey are at t acked, t hey will never help t hem. And if t hey do help t hem, t hey will t urn t heir backs, and t hey will not be vict orious.) ぴ59:11-12び Then Allah says:

び∠メヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Obey Allah and obey t he Messenger...) meaning, follow t he Book of Allah and t he Sunnah of His Messenger .

び∇や∇ヲャｚ∠ヲ∠ゎ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (but if you t urn away,) if you ignore what he has brought t o you,

び∠モヨあ ェ ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (he is only responsible for t he dut y placed on him), conveying t he Message and fulfilling t he t rust .

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤヨあ ェ ⊥ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and you for t hat placed on you.) accept ing t hat , and venerat ing it and doing as it commanded.

び∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (If you obey him, you shall be on t he right guidance.) because he calls t o t he st raight pat h,

ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヅ ͡ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ぴ び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘや (The pat h of Allah t o Whom belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h. ..) ぴ42:53び

び⊥リΒ͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (The Messenger's dut y is only t o convey in a clear way.) This is like t he Ayat :

び⊥ゆゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (your dut y is only t o convey and on Us is t he reckoning.) ぴ13:40び

び ゲ∃ ト ͡ ∇Βジ ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ジャｚ - ∀ゲミあ ∠グョ⊥ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ゲミあ グ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So remind t hem -- you are only one who reminds. You are not a dict at or over t hem.) ぴ88:2122び

れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ブ ∠ ヤ∠∇ガわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨミ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ヘ∠ ヤ͡∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ツゎ∠ ∇ケや ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ｚ レ∠ ムあ ヨ∠ Β⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ Ι ∠ ヴ͡レル∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ⇔レ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ プ͡ ∇ヲカ ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚャ∠ギあ ら∠ Β⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヴ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや (55. Allah has promised t hose among you who believe and do right eous good deeds, t hat He will cert ainly grant t hem succession in t he land, as He grant ed it t o t hose before t hem, and t hat He will grant t hem t he aut horit y t o pract ise t heir religion which He has chosen for t hem. And He

will surely give t hem in exchange a safe securit y aft er t heir fear if t hey worship Me and do not associat e anyt hing wit h Me. But whoever disbelieved aft er t his, t hey are t he rebellious.)

Allah's Promise to the Believers that He would grant them Succession This is a promise from Allah t o His Messenger t hat He would cause his Ummah t o become successors on eart h, i.e., t hey would become t he leaders and rulers of mankind, t hrough whom He would reform t he world and t o whom people would submit , so t hat t hey would have in exchange a safe securit y aft er t heir fear. This is what Allah did indeed do, may He be glorified and exalt ed, and t o Him be praise and blessings. For He did not cause His Messenger t o die unt il He had given him vict ory over Makkah, Khaybar, Bahrayn, all of t he Arabian Peninsula and Yemen; and he t ook Jizyah from t he Zoroast rians of Haj ar and from some of t he border lands of Syria; and he exchanged gift s wit h Heraclius t he ruler of Byzant ium, t he ruler of Egypt and Alexandria, t he Muqawqis, t he kings of Oman and An-Naj ashi of Abyssinia, who had become king aft er Ashamah, may Allah have mercy on him and grant him honor. Then when t he Messenger died, his successor (Khalifah) Abu Bakr As-Siddiq t ook over t he reins of power and unit ed t he Ummah, prevent ing it s disint egrat ion. He t ook cont rol of t he ent ire Arabian Peninsula, and he sent t he Islamic armies t o t he land of Persia, under t he leadership of Khalid bin Al-Walid, may Allah be pleased wit h him, who conquered a part of it and killed some of it s people. He sent anot her army under t he leadership of Abu ` Ubaydah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, and t he ot her commanders who came aft er him in t he lands of Syria. He sent a t hird army under t he leadership of ` Amr bin Al-` As, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t o Egypt . Allah enabled t he army sent t o Syria t o conquer Busra and Damascus and t heir provinces t he land of Hawran and it s environs. Then Allah chose for Abu Bakr t o honor him wit h Him and he died. The people of Islam were blessed t hat As-Siddiq was inspired t o appoint ` Umar Al-Faruq as his successor, so he t ook t he reins of power aft er him and did a perfect j ob. Aft er t he Prophet s, t he world never saw anyone like ` Umar in excellence of conduct and perfect j ust ice. During his t ime, t he rest of Syria and Egypt , and most of Persia, was conquered. Kisra was defeat ed and ut t erly humiliat ed, and he ret reat ed t o t he furt hest point of his kingdom. Might y Caesar was brought low, his rule over Syria was overt hrown, and he ret reat ed t o Const ant inople. Their wealt h was spent for t he sake of Allah, as t he Messenger of Allah had foret old and promised. May Allah's perfect peace and purest blessing be upon him. During t he rule of ` Ut hman, t he Islamic domains spread t o t he furt hest point s of t he eart h, east and west . The lands of t he west were conquered as far as Cyprus and Andalusia, Kairouan and Sebt a which adj oins t he At lant ic Ocean. Towards t he east , t he conquest s ext ended as far as China. Kisra was killed, his kingdom was ut t erly dest royed and t he cit ies of Iraq, Khurasan and Al-Ahwaz were conquered. The Muslims killed a great number of Turks and Allah humiliat ed t heir great king Khaqan. Taxes were collect ed from t he east and t he west , and brought t o t he Commander of t he fait hful ` Ut hman bin ` Affan, may Allah be pleased wit h him. This was a blessing brought by his recit at ion and st udy of t he Qur'an, and his bringing t he Ummah t oget her t o preserve and prot ect it . In t he Sahih it was recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ゅ∠ヰホ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ゼョ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ゲ∠ プ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヶ ∠ ャ͡ ン∠ヱコ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» «ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヶ͡ャ ヵ ∠ ヱ͡ コ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヒ⊥ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ピョ∠ ヱ∠ (Allah showed me t he eart h and I looked at t he east and t he west . The dominion of my Ummah will reach everywhere I was shown.) And now we are enj oying t hat which Allah and His Messenger promised us, for Allah and His Messenger spoke t he t rut h. We ask Allah t o give us

fait h in Him and His Messenger, and t o help us t o give t hanks t o Him in a manner t hat will earn us His pleasure.

れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ブ ∠ ヤ∠∇ガわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨミ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケ∇Ιや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ヘ∠ ヤ͡∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ツゎ∠ ∇ケや ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ｚ レ∠ ム∂ ヨ∠ Β⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ び⇔ゅレ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ プ͡ ∇ヲカ ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ∂ョ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚャ∠ギ∂ ら∠ Β⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ (Allah has promised t hose among you who believe and do right eous good deeds, t hat He will cert ainly grant t hem succession in t he land, as He grant ed it t o t hose before t hem, and t hat He will grant t hem t he aut horit y t o pract ise t heir religion which He has chosen for t hem. And He will surely, give t hem in exchange a safe securit y aft er t heir fear...) Ar-Rabi` bin Anas narrat ed t hat Abu Al-` Aliyah said, "The Prophet and his Companions were in Makkah for nearly t en years, calling people in secret t o worship Allah Alone wit h no part ner or associat e. They were in a st at e of fear and were not inst ruct ed t o fight unt il aft er t hey were commanded t o migrat e t o Al-Madinah. When t hey came t o Al-Madinah, t hen Allah inst ruct ed t hem t o fight . In Al-Madinah t hey were afraid and t hey carried t heir weapons morning and evening. This is how t hey remained for as long as Allah willed...'' Then Allah revealed t his Ayah. He caused His Prophet t o prevail over t he Arabian Peninsula, and t hen t hey felt safe and put down t heir weapons. Then Allah t ook His Prophet and t hey remained safe t hroughout t he t ime of Abu Bakr, ` Umar and ` Ut hman, unt il what happened happened, and fear again prevailed over t hem, so t hey inst it ut ed a police force and guards. They changed, so t heir sit uat ion changed. One of t he Salaf said, "The Khilafah of Abu Bakr and ` Umar was t rue and adhered t o t he Book of Allah. Then he recit ed t his Ayah.'' Al-Bara' bin ` Azib said, "This Ayah was revealed when we were in a st at e of ext reme fear.'' This Ayah is like t he Ayah:

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘバ∠ ∇ツわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇クま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ (And remember when you were few and were reckoned weak in t he land) Unt il His st at ement :

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (so t hat you might be grat eful) ぴ8:26び.

び∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ブ ∠ ヤ∠∇ガわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨ∠ミぴ (as He grant ed succession t o t hose before t hem,) This is like t he Ayah where Allah t ells us t hat Musa said t o his people:

ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ヘ∠ ヤ͡∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ｚヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ぴ び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘや ("It may be t hat your Lord will dest roy your enemy and make you successors on t he eart h...'') ぴ7:129び And Allah says:

ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツわ⊥ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ｚ ヨ⊥ ルｚ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲル⊥ ∠ヱぴ び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘや (And We wished t o do a favor t o t hose who were weak in t he land,) unt il t he t wo Ayat t here aft er. ぴ28: 5-6び

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ツゎ∠ ∇ケや ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ｚ レ∠ ムあ ヨ∠ Β⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat He will grant t hem t he aut horit y t o pract ise t heir religion which He has chosen for t hem...) vAs t he Messenger of Allah said t o ` Adiyy bin Hat im when he came t o him in a delegat ion:

«∨∠りゲ∠ Β͡エ∇ャや フ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ぺ∠» (Do you know Al-Hirah) He said, "I do not know it , but I have heard of it .'' The Messenger of Allah said:

ヴｚわェ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ョほ∠∇ャや や∠グワ∠ ぶ ⊥ やリ ｚ ヨｚ ͡わΒ⊥ ∠ャ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヲプ∠ » ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ フ ∠ ヲ⊥ト∠ゎ ヴｚわェ ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ Β͡エ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ る⊥ レ∠ Β͡バヌ ｚ ャや ァ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ リ ͡ ∇よ ン∠ゲ∇ジミ͡ コ∠ ヲ⊥レミ⊥ リ ｚエ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∃ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ケ͡ や∠ヲィ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ヶ͡プ «ゴ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ゲワ⊥ (By t he One in Whose Hand is my soul, Allah will make t his mat t er ぴi.e., Islamび prevail unt il a woman riding a camel will come from Al-Hirah and perform Tawaf around t he House wit hout needing t he prot ect ion of anybody, and t he t reasures of Kisra t he son of Hurmuz will be opened.) He said, "Kisra t he son of Hurmuz'' He said,

ゅ∠ャ ヴｚわェ ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや リ ｚ ャ∠グ∠ ∇らΒ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ゴョ⊥ ∇ゲワ⊥ リ ⊥ ∇よ ン∠ゲ∇ジミ͡ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » «ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠ら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ (Yes, Kisra t he son of Hurmuz, and wealt h will be given unt il t here will be no one who will accept it .) ` Adiyy bin Hat im said: "Now it is happening t hat a woman riding a camel comes from Al-Hirah and performs Tawaf around t he House wit hout needing t he prot ect ion of anybody, and I was among t hose who opened t he t reasure of Kisra t he son of Hurmuz. By t he One in Whose Hand is my soul, t he t hird t hing will also come t o pass, because t he Messenger of Allah said it .''

び⇔ゅゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヴ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヴ͡レル∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ぴ (if t hey worship Me and do not associat e anyt hing wit h Me.) Imam Ahmad recorded from Anas t hat Mu` adh bin Jabal t old him, "While I was riding behind t he Prophet on a donkey, wit h not hing bet ween me and him but t he back of his saddle, he said,

«モ ∃ ら∠ ィ ∠ リ ∠ ∇よ ク⊥ ゅ∠バョ⊥ ゅ∠Α» (O Mu` adh bin Jabal.) I said, ` Here I am at your service, O Messenger of Allah.' Then a while passed, t hen he said,

«モ ∃ ら∠ ィ ∠ リ ∠ ∇よ ク⊥ ゅ∠バョ⊥ ゅ∠Α» (O Mu` adh bin Jabal.) I said, ` Here I am at your service, O Messenger of Allah.' Then a while passed, t hen he said,

«モ ∃ ら∠ ィ ∠ リ ∠ ∇よ ク⊥ ゅ∠バョ⊥ ゅ∠Α» (O Mu` adh bin Jabal.) I said, ` Here I am at your service, O Messenger of Allah.' He said,

«∨͡キゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぶ ͡ やペ ぁェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヵ͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ » (Do you know t he right s t hat Allah has over His servant s) I said, ` Allah and His Messenger know best .' He said,

やヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぶ ͡ やペ ｚェ ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ » «ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡

(The right s t hat Allah has over His servant s are t hat t hey should worship Him and not associat e anyt hing wit h Him.) Then a while passed, t hen he said,

«モ ∃ ら∠ ィ ∠ リ ∠ ∇よ ク⊥ ゅ∠バョ⊥ ゅ∠Α» (O Mu` adh bin Jabal.) I said, ` Here I am at your service, O Messenger of Allah.' He said,

やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ や∠クま͡ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャや ペ ぁェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヵ͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ » «∨∠マャ͡ク∠ (Do you know t he right s t hat people have over Allah if t hey do t hat ) I said, ` Allah and His Messenger know best .' He said,

«∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャや ペ ｚェ ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ » (The right s t hat people have over Allah is t hat He will not punish t hem.)'' This was also recorded in t he Two Sahihs.

び∠ラヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (But whoever disbelieved aft er t his, t hey are t he rebellious.) means, ` whoever t hen st ops obeying Me aft er t hat , has st opped obeying t he command of his Lord, and t hat is a great sin.' The Companions -- may Allah be pleased wit h t hem -- were t he most commit t ed of people aft er t he Prophet t o t he commands of Allah and t he most obedient t o Allah. Their vict ories were in accordance wit h t heir level of commit ment . They caused t he Word of Allah t o prevail in t he east and t he west , and Allah support ed t hem so much t hat t hey governed all t he people and all t he lands. When t he people subsequent ly fell short in t heir commit ment t o some of t he commandment s, t heir st rengt h and vict ory fell short accordingly, but it is confirmed t hrough more t han one rout e in t he Two Sahihs t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

∩あペ∠エ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲワ͡ ゅ∠ニ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ ゅ∠デ メ ⊥ や∠ゴゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヘ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠カ ∇リョ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠グ∠ カ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ «る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや (There will remain a group of my Ummah adhering t o t he t rut h, and t hose who forsake t hem or oppose t hem will not harm t hem unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. ) According t o anot her report :

«マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ヶ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠»

(.. unt il t he command of Allah comes t o pass and t hey are like t hat .) According t o anot her report :

«メ ∠ ゅｚィギｚ ャや やヲ⊥ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠» (... unt il t hey fight t he Daj j al.) According t o anot her report :

«ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲワ͡ ゅ∠ニ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠» (... unt il ` Isa bin Maryam comes down and t hey are prevailing.) All of t hese report s are Sahih, and t here is no cont radict ion bet ween t hem.

∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ⇒∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎへ∠ヱ ∠りヲ∠ヤ⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ∇バョ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ (56. And perform t he Salah, and give t he Zakah and obey t he Messenger t hat you may receive mercy.) (57. Consider not t hat t he disbelievers can escape in t he land. Their abode shall be t he Fire -- and worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion.)

The Command to pray, give the Zakah and obey the Messenger ; the inability of the Disbelievers to escape, and the ultimate Destiny Allah commands His believing servant s t o est ablish prayer, which means worshipping Allah Alone wit h no part ner or associat e; t o pay t he Zakah, which is an act of kindness t owards His poor and weak creat ures; and by doing so t o obey t he Messenger of Allah , i.e., t o do as he commands t hem and t o avoid what he forbids t hem, so t hat Allah will have mercy on t hem for t hat . No doubt , whoever does t hat , Allah will have mercy on him, as Allah says in anot her Ayah:

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ゲΒ∠ シ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (Allah will have His mercy on t hem) ぴ9:71び

びｚリら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (Consider not ) means, ` do not t hink, O Muhammad,' t hat :

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (t he disbelievers) meaning, t hose who opposed and denied you,

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ∇バョ⊥ ぴ (can escape in t he land.) means, t hat t hey can flee from Allah. No, Allah is able t o deal wit h t hem and He will punish t hem most severely for t hat . Allah says:

び⊥ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Their abode) meaning, in t he Hereaft er,

び⊥ゲΒ͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャやぴ (shall be t he Fire -- and worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion.) means, how t errible t he consequences will be for t he disbelievers, how evil a place t o st ay in and how awful a place t o rest !

∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ル͡ク∇ほわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ れ ∃ やｚゲョ∠ ゐ ∠ Κ ∠ を∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ユ∠ ヤ⊥エ ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ピヤ⊥∇ら∠Α ∇ユャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠Βを͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バツ ∠ ゎ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや り͡ ヲ∠ヤ⇒∠タ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リあョ れ ∃ や∠ケ∇ヲハ ∠ ゐ ⊥ Κ ∠ を∠ ￢͡ べ∠ゼバ͡ ∇ャや り͡ ヲ∠ヤタ ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ Β͡ヰヌ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プヲ∠ デ ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや リ ⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ レ͡ョ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ヘ∇デΙ ｘ や ヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘや ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ク∠ ∇ほわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルク͡ ∇ほわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ユ∠ ヤ⊥エ ⊥ ∇ャや - ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや リ ⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミ ゅ⇔ェゅ∠ムル͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒∠ヤャｚや ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ギ⊥ ハ ͡ や∠ヲボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ

ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠Βを͡ リ ∠ ∇バツ ∠ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ リ ∠ ∇ヘヘ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ る∃ レ∠ Α͡ゴよ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ィゲあ ら∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ͡ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ (58. O you who believe! Let your slaves and slave-girls, and t hose among you who have not come t o t he age of pubert y ask your permission on t hree occasions: before t he Faj r prayer, and while you put off your clot hes during t he aft ernoon, and aft er t he ` Isha' prayer. (These) t hree (t imes) are of privacy for you; ot her t han t hese t imes t here is no sin on you or on t hem t o move about , at t ending t o each ot her. Thus Allah makes clear t he Ayat t o you. And Allah is AllKnowing, All-Wise.) (59. And when t he children among you come t o pubert y, t hen let t hem (also) ask for permission, as t hose senior t o t hem (in age) ask permission. Thus Allah makes clear His Ayat for you. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.) (60. And t he Qawa` id among women who do not hope for marriage, it is no sin on t hem if t hey discard t heir (out er) clot hing in such a way as not t o show t heir adornment . But t o refrain is bet t er for t hem. And Allah is AllHearer, All-Knower.)

The Times when Servants and Young Children should seek Permission to enter These Ayat include a discussion of how people who are closely relat ed should seek permission t o ent er upon one anot her. What was ment ioned earlier in t he Surah had t o do wit h how unrelat ed people should seek permission t o ent er upon one anot her. Allah commanded t he believers t o ensure t hat t heir servant s and t heir children who have not yet reached pubert y should seek permission at t hree t imes: t he first is before t he Faj r prayer, because people are asleep in t heir beds at t hat t ime.

び͡りゲ∠ Β͡ヰヌ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠Βを͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バツ ∠ ゎ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェヱ∠ ぴ (and while you put off your clot hes during t he aft ernoon,) means, at t he t ime of rest , because a man may be in a st at e of undress wit h his wife at t hat t ime.

び͡￢べ∠ゼバ͡ ∇ャや り͡ ヲ∠ヤタ ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (and aft er t he ` Isha' prayer.) because t his is t he t ime for sleep. Servant s and children are commanded not t o ent er upon household members at t hese t imes, because it is feared t hat a man may be in an int imat e sit uat ion wit h his wife and so on. Allah says:

∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ れ ∃ や∠ケ∇ヲハ ∠ ゐ ⊥ Κ ∠ を∠ ぴ びｚリワ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠

((These) t hree (t imes) are of privacy for you; ot her t han t hese t imes t here is no sin on you or on t hem) If t hey ent er at a t ime ot her t han t hese, t here is no sin on you if you let t hem ent er, and no sin on t hem if t hey see somet hing at a t ime ot her t han t hese t imes. They have been given permission t o ent er suddenly, because t hey are t hose who go around in t he house, i.e., t o serve you et c., and as such t hey may be forgiven for t hings t hat ot hers will not be forgiven. Alt hough t his Ayah is quit e clear and has not been abrogat ed, people hardly follow it , and ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas denounced t he people for t hat . Abu Dawud recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "Most of t he people do not follow it , t he Ayah t hat speaks about asking permission, but I t ell my servant woman t o seek permission t o ent er.'' Abu Dawud said: ` At a' also narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas commanded t his. At h-Thawri narrat ed t hat Musa bin Abi ` A'ishah said, "I asked AshSha` bi ぴabout t he Ayahび:

び∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ル͡ク∇ほわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ (Let your slaves and slave-girls ask your permission.) He said, ` It has not been abrogat ed.' I said: ` But t he people do not do t hat .' He said, ` May Allah help t hem.''' Then Allah says:

ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルク͡ ∇ほわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ユ∠ ヤ⊥エ ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ レ͡ョ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ヘ∇デｘΙや ヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ク∠ ∇ほわ∠ ∇シや (And when t he children among you come t o pubert y, t hen let t hem (also) ask for permission, as t hose senior t o t hem (in age)) meaning: when t he children who used t o seek permission at t he t hree t imes of privacy reach pubert y, t hen t hey have t o seek permission at all t imes, i.e., wit h regard t o t hose who are non-relat ives, and at t imes when a man may be in a st at e of int imacy wit h his wife, even if it is not one of t he t hree t imes st at ed above.

There is no Sin on Elderly Women if They do not wear a Cloak

び͡￢べ∠ジレあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ギ⊥ ハ ͡ や∠ヲボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And t he Qawa` id among women.) Sa` id bin Jubayr, Muqat il bin Hayyan, Ad-Dahhak and Qat adah said t hat t hese are t he women who no longer t hink t hat t hey can bear children,

び⇔ゅェゅ∠ムル͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒∠ヤャｚやぴ (who do not hope for marriage,) meaning, t hey no longer have any desire for marriage,

ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠Βを͡ リ ∠ ∇バツ ∠ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ ぴ び∃るレ∠ Α͡ゴよ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ィゲあ ら∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ (it is no sin on t hem if t hey discard t heir (out er) clot hing in such a way as not t o show t heir adornment .) meaning, t hey do not have t o cover t hemselves in t he same way t hat ot her women have t o. Abu Dawud recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah:

びｚリワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ ∇ツツ ⊥ ∇ピΑ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ モ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t ell t he believing women t o lower t heir gaze) ぴ24:31び was abrogat ed and an except ion was made in t he case of:

び⇔ゅェゅ∠ムル͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒∠ヤャｚや ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ギ⊥ ハ ͡ や∠ヲボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (t he past childbearing among women who do not hope for marriage, .)

びｚリヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠Βを͡ リ ∠ ∇バツ ∠ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (it is no sin on t hem if t hey discard t heir (out er) clot hing) Ibn Mas` ud said about (out er) clot hing,, "The Jilbab or Rida'.'' A similar view was also narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas, Ibn ` Umar, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Abu Ash-Sha` t ha', Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Az-Zuhri, Al-` Awza` i and ot hers.

び∃るレ∠ Α͡ゴよ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ィゲあ ら∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ぴ (in such a way as not t o show t heir adornment .) Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "They should not make a want on display of t hemselves by removing t heir out er garment so t hat t heir adornment may be seen.''

びｚリヰ⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ リ ∠ ∇ヘヘ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (But t o refrain is bet t er for t hem.) means, not removing t heir out er garment , even t hough t hat is permissible for t hem, is bet t er for t hem.

び∀ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower.)

ァ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ハΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ァ ∀ ゲ∠ ェ ∠ ヴ∠ヨ∇ハΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ァ ∀ ゲ∠ ェ ∠ ヂ ͡ Α͡ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ァ ∀ ゲ∠ ェ ∠ れ ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠よや∠￢ れ ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ヲ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ れ ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ル͡ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ れ ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥

れ ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒ｚヨハ ∠ れ ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヨ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ れ ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ エ͡ゎゅ∠ヘｚョ ユ⊥わ∇ムヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ヤ⇒∠カ れ ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ͡ Α͡ギタ ∠ る⇔ Βｚ エ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤあジ ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ キ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ゅ⇔ゎゅ∠わ∇セぺ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ る⇔ ら∠ Βあ デ ∠ る⇔ ミ∠ ゲ∠ ⇒∠らョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘや (61. There is no rest rict ion on t he blind, nor any rest rict ion on t he lame, nor any rest rict ion on t he sick, nor on yourselves, if you eat from your houses, or t he houses of your fat hers, or t he houses of your mot hers, or t he houses of your brot hers, or t he houses of your sist ers, or t he houses of your fat her's brot hers, or t he houses of your fat her's sist ers, or t he houses of your mot her's brot hers, or t he houses of your mot her's sist ers, or (from t hat ) whereof you hold keys, or (from t he house) of a friend. No sin on you whet her you eat t oget her or apart . But when you ent er t he houses, greet one anot her wit h a greet ing from Allah, blessed and good. Thus Allah makes clear t he Ayat t o you t hat you may underst and.) l

Eating from One's Relatives' Houses What is referred t o here is t he fact t hat t hey used t o feel t oo embarrassed t o eat wit h t he blind, because t hey could not see t he food or where t he best morsels were, so ot hers might t ake t he best pieces before t hey could. They felt t oo embarrassed t o eat wit h t he lame because t hey could not sit comfort ably, and t heir companions might t ake advant age of t hem, and t hey felt embarrassed t o eat wit h t he sick because t hey might not eat as much as ot hers. So t hey were afraid t o eat wit h t hem lest t hey were unfair t o t hem in some way. Then Allah revealed t his Ayah, grant ing t hem a dispensat ion in t his mat t er. This was t he view of Sa` id bin Jubayr and Miqsam. Ad-Dahhak said: "Before t he Prophet 's Mission, t hey used t o feel t oo embarrassed and t oo proud t o eat wit h t hese people, lest t hey might have t o help t hem. So Allah revealed t his Ayah.''

び∀ァゲ∠ ェ ∠ ヴ∠ヨ∇ハΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ (nor any rest rict ion on t he lame,) ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Muj ahid said: "A man would t ake a blind, lame or sick person t o t he house of his brot her or sist er or aunt , and t hose disabled people would feel ashamed of t hat and say, ` t hey are t aking us t o ot her people's houses.' So t his Ayah was revealed grant ing permission for t hat .'' As-Suddi said: "A man would ent er t he house of his fat her or brot her or son, and t he lady of t he house would bring him some food, but he would refrain from eat ing because t he mast er of t he house was not t here, so Allah revealed:

び∀ァゲ∠ ェ ∠ ヴ∠ヨ∇ハΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ

(There is no rest rict ion on t he blind. ..)

び∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor on yourselves, if you eat from your houses,) This is st at ed here alt hough it is obvious, so t hat from t his st art ing point t he houses of ot hers may be ment ioned, and t o make it clear t hat t he ruling applies equally t o what comes aft er. Sons' houses are included in t his even t hough t hey are not ment ioned by name, and t his is used as evidence by t hose who regard t he son's wealt h as being like t he fat her's wealt h. In t he Musnad and t he Sunan, it is report ed t hrough several rout es t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

«マ ∠ Β͡よほ∠ャ͡ マ ∠ ャ⊥ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠» (You and your wealt h belong t o your fat her.)

び∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ れ ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠よや∠￢ れ ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or t he houses of your fat hers, or t he houses of your mot hers,) unt il His st at ement ;

び⊥ヮエ͡ゎゅ∠ヘョｚ ユ⊥わ∇ムヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or (from t hat ) whereof you hold keys,) This is obvious, and t his is used as evidence by t hose who t hink t hat it is obligat ory for relat ives t o spend on one anot her.

び⊥ヮエ͡ゎゅ∠ヘョｚ ユ⊥わ∇ムヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or (from t hat ) whereof you hold keys,) Sa` id bin Jubayr and As-Suddi said, "This refers t o a people's servant s, whet her a slave or ot herwise. There is not hing wrong wit h t hem eat ing from t he food t hat is st ored wit h t hem, wit hin reason.'' Az-Zuhri narrat ed from ` Urwah t hat ` A'isha, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said, "The Muslims used t o go out on milit ary campaigns wit h t he Messenger of Allah and t hey would give t heir keys t o people t hey t rust ed and say, ` We permit you t o eat what ever you need.' But t hey would say, ` It is not permissible for us t o eat , t hey have given us permission reluct ant ly and we are only t rust ees.' Then Allah revealed:

び⊥ヮエ͡ゎゅ∠ヘョｚ ユ⊥わ∇ムヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or (from t hat ) whereof you hold keys).''

び∇ユム⊥ ボ͡ Α͡ギタ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or (from t he house) of a friend.) means, t here is no sin on you if you eat from t heir houses, so long as you know t hat t his does not upset t hem and t hey do not dislike it .

び⇔ゅゎゅ∠わ∇セぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ (No sin on you whet her you eat t oget her or apart .) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas concerning t his Ayah, "When Allah revealed t he Ayah:

∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ び͡モト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ (O you who believe! Eat not up your propert y among yourselves unj ust ly) ぴ4: 29び, t he Muslims said, ` Allah has forbidden us t o eat up our propert y among ourselves unj ust ly, and food is t he best of propert y, so it is not permissible for anyone among us t o eat at t he house of anyone else.' So t he people st opped doing t hat . Then Allah revealed:

び∀ァゲ∠ ェ ∠ ヴ∠ヨ∇ハΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ (There is no rest rict ion on t he blind,) unt il His st at ement ;

び∇ユム⊥ ボ͡ Α͡ギタ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or (from t he house) of a friend.) A man would also feel embarrassed and would refrain from eat ing alone unt il someone else came along, but Allah made t he mat t er easier for t hem and said:

び⇔ゅゎゅ∠わ∇セぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ (No sin on you whet her you eat t oget her Kinanah who during t he Jahiliyyah t hought alone, t o such an ext ent t hat a man might hungry, unt il he could find someone t o eat

or apart .)'' Qat adah said, "This was a clan of Banu t hat it was a source of shame for one of t hem t o eat keep on driving his laden camel even t hough he was and drink wit h him. Then Allah revealed:

び⇔ゅゎゅ∠わ∇セぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ (No sin on you whet her you eat t oget her or apart .) So t his was a dispensat ion from Allah, allowing people t o eat eit her alone or wit h ot hers, even t hough eat ing wit h ot hers is more blessed and is bet t er. Imam Ahmad recorded from Wahshi bin Harb from his fat her from his grandfat her t hat a man said t o t he Prophet , "We eat but we do not feel sat isfied.'' He said:

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥バヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや ∩∠リΒ͡ホゲあ ヘ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠» «ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ポケ∠ ゅ∠らΑ⊥ ∩͡ぶや ユ∠ ∇シや やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱ ∩∇ユム⊥ ョ͡ ゅ∠バデ ∠

(Perhaps you are eat ing separat ely. Eat t oget her and ment ion t he Name of Allah, and He will bless t he food for you.) It was also recorded by Abu Dawud and Ibn Maj ah. Ibn Maj ah also recorded t hat Salim report ed from his fat her from ` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ノ∠ ョ∠ る∠ ミ∠ ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩やヲ⊥ホゲｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ » «る͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや (Eat t oget her and not separat ely, for t he blessing is in being t oget her.)

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤあジ ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ キ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (But when you ent er t he houses, greet one anot her) Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Qat adah and Az-Zuhri said, "This means greet one anot her wit h Salam.'' Ibn Jurayj said: Abu AzZubayr said, "I heard Jabir bin ` Abdullah say, ` When you ent er upon your family, greet t hem wit h a greet ing from Allah, blessed and good.' He said, ` I do not t hink it is anyt hing but obligat ory.''' Ibn Jurayj said: "And Ziyad said t hat Ibn Tawus used t o say: ` When any one of you ent ers his house, let him say Salam.''' Muj ahid said: "And when you ent er t he Masj id, say: ` Peace be upon t he Messenger of Allah'; when you ent er upon your families, greet t hem wit h Salam; and when you ent er a house in which t here is nobody, say: ` As-Salamu ` Alayna wa ` Ala ` Ibad-Allah-is-Salihin (peace be upon us and upon t he right eous servant s of Allah).' This is what one is commanded t o do, and it has been narrat ed t o us t hat t he angels will ret urn his greet ing.''

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや リ ⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Thus Allah makes clear t he Ayat t o you t hat you may underst and.) When Allah ment ioned what wise rulings and reasonable, well-const ruct ed laws are cont ained in t his Surah, He point s out t o His servant s t hat He explains t he Ayat t o t hem clearly so t hat t hey may ponder t hem and underst and t heir meanings.

や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ ヴわｚ ェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇グΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ ノ∃ ョ͡ ゅ∠ィ ゲ∃ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ルグ͡ ∇⇒わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ルグ͡ ∇⇒わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヂ ͡ ∇バら∠ ャ͡ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ルグ∠ ∇⇒わ∠ ∇シや や∠クみ͡プ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ゃセ ͡ リ∠ヨャあ ラ∠ク∇ほプ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ∇ほセ ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや

(62. The believers are only t hose who believe in Allah and His Messenger; and when t hey are wit h him on some common mat t er, t hey go not away unt il t hey have asked his permission. Verily, t hose who ask your permission, t hose are t hey who (really) believe in Allah and His Messenger. So if t hey ask your permission for some affairs of t heirs, give permission t o whom you will of t hem, and ask Allah for t heir forgiveness. Truly, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

Asking Permission to leave when They are doing something together This is anot her mat t er of et iquet t e t o which Allah has guided His believing servant s. Just as He commanded t hem t o seek permission when ent ering, He also commanded t hem t o seek permission when leaving, especially when t hey are doing somet hing t oget her wit h t he Messenger , such as t he Friday, ` Id, or congregat ional prayers, or a meet ing for t he purpose of consult at ion and so on. Allah commanded t hem not t o leave him in t hese sit uat ions unt il t hey had asked his permission. If t hey did t his, t hen t hey were of t he t rue believers. Then Allah commanded His Messenger t o give permission when someone asked for it , if he want ed t o. He said:

び∠ヮヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ゃセ ͡ リ∠ヨャあ ラ∠ク∇ほプ∠ ぴ (give permission t o whom you will of t hem, and ask Allah for t heir forgiveness.)Abu Dawud report ed t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∇ユヤあジ ∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ザ ͡ ヤ͡∇イヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ヰわ∠ ∇ルや や∠クま͡» リ ∠ ョ͡ ペ ｚェ ∠ ほ∠よ͡ ヴ∠ャヱ⊥ほ∇ャや ろ ͡ ジ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ ∩∇ユヤあジ ∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ュ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ «り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡ べ∇ャや (When any of you j oins a gat hering, let him say Salam, and when he want s t o leave, let him say Salam. The former is not more import ant t han t he lat t er.) This was also recorded by At Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i; At -Tirmidhi said: "It is a Hasan Hadit h.''

∇ユム⊥ ツ ͡ ∇バよ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ハギ⊥ ミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ￢∠ べ∠ハキ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ｚぴ や⇔クや∠ヲャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤヤｚ∠ジ∠わ∠Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら∠ Β͡ダゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡⇒∠ガΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ケ͡ グ∠ ∇エΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら∠ Β͡ダΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠

(63. Make not t he calling of t he Messenger among you as your calling one of anot her. Allah knows t hose of you who slip away under shelt er. And let t hose beware who oppose t he Messenger's commandment , lest some Fit nah should befall t hem or a painful t orment be inflict ed on t hem.)

The Etiquette of addressing the Prophet Ad-Dahhak said, report ing from Ibn ` Abbas: "They used t o say, ` O Muhammad,' or ` O Abu AlQasim,' but Allah forbade t hem t o do t hat , as a sign of respect t owards His Prophet , and t old t hem t o say, ` O Prophet of Allah,' ` O Messenger of Allah.''' This was also t he view of Muj ahid and Sa` id bin Jubayr. Qat adah said: "Allah commanded t hat His Prophet should be t reat ed wit h respect and honor, and t hat he should be a leader.'' Muqat il said concerning t he Ayah:

∇ユム⊥ ツ ͡ ∇バよ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ハギ⊥ ミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ￢∠ べ∠ハキ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ｚぴ び⇔ゅツ∇バよ∠ (Make not t he calling of t he Messenger among you as your calling one of anot her.) "When you address him, do not say, ` O Muhammad,' or ` O son of ` Abdullah'; rat her honor him and say, ` O Prophet of Allah,' or, ` O Messenger of Allah.'

∇ユム⊥ ツ ͡ ∇バよ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ハギ⊥ ミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ￢∠ べ∠ハキ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ｚぴ び⇔ゅツ∇バよ∠ (Make not t he calling of t he Messenger among you as your calling one of anot her.) A second view concerning t he meaning of t he Ayah is t hat it means ` do not t hink t hat if he prays against you it is like when anyone else prays against you, because his prayers will be answered; so beware lest he prays against you and you will be doomed.' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t his from Ibn ` Abbas, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and ` At iyyah Al-` Awfi. And Allah knows best .

び⇔やクや∠ヲャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤヤｚ∠ジ∠わ∠Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Allah knows t hose of you who slip away under shelt er.) Muqat il bin Hayyan said, "This refers t o t he hypocrit es who used t o find it t oo difficult t o list en t o t he Khut bah on Fridays, so t hey would hide behind some of t he Companions of Muhammad and sneak out of t he Masj id. It was not proper for a man t o leave on Fridays once t he Khut bah began, unless he had permission from t he Prophet . If one of t hem want ed t o leave, he would make a gest ure t o t he Prophet wit h his finger, and t he Prophet would give permission wit hout t he man speaking. This is because if t he Prophet was giving t he Khut bah and a man spoke, it would invalidat e his Friday prayer.'' As-Suddi said, "If t hey were wit h him for a congregat ional prayer, t hey would hide behind one anot her so t hat he could not see t hem.''

The Prohibition of going against the Messenger's Commandment

び͡ロゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡⇒∠ガΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ケ͡ グ∠ ∇エΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ぴ (And let t hose beware who oppose t he Messenger's commandment ) This means going against t he commandment of t he Prophet , which is his way, met hodology and Sunnah. All words and deeds will be measured against his words and deeds; t hose t hat are in accordance wit h his words and deeds will be accept ed, and what ever does not mat ch up will be rej ect ed, no mat t er who t he person is who said and did t hem. It was recorded in t he Two Sahihs and elsewhere t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

«キｘ ケ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ⇔ヤヨ∠ ハ ∠ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » (Whoever does a deed t hat is not in accordance wit h t his mat t er of ours will have it rej ect ed.) meaning, let t hose beware who go against t he Shari` ah of t he Messenger , in secret and in t he open,

び∀るレ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら∠ Β͡ダゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺぴ (lest some Fit nah should befall t hem), i.e., lest some disbelief or hypocrisy or innovat ion ent er t heir heart s.

び∀ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら∠ Β͡ダΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or a painful t orment be inflict ed on t hem.) means in t his world afflict ing t hem wit h capit al punishment , or by law of prescribed punishment , or by confinement in prison, or so on. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ゅｚヨ∠ヤ∠プ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ギ∠ ホ∠ ∇ヲわ∠ ∇シや モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ヤ∠ん∠ョ» ゆ ぁ や∠ヱギｚ ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ヱ∠ ス ⊥ や∠ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇れ￢∠ ゅ∠ッぺ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ ∇バボ∠ Α∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ リ ∠ ∇バボ∠ Α∠ ヶ͡もゅｚヤャや ヶ͡ヤ∠ん∠ョ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ ∇ヨエ ͡ わ∠ ∇ボΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇らヤ͡∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ｚリワ⊥ ゴ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ リ ͡ハ ∠ ｚユヤ⊥ワ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゴ͡ イ ∠エ ⊥ よ͡ ∀グ͡カへ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ∩∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ «ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ͡エ∠わ∇ボ∠ゎ∠ヱ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥らヤ͡∇ピわ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ケゅレｚ ャや n(The parable of me and you is as t he example of a man who kindled a fire and when it illuminat ed all around him, mot hs and ot her creat ures st art ed falling int o t he fire, and he was t rying t o st op t hem but t hey overwhelmed him and st ill kept falling in. This is t he parable of

me and you. I am t rying t o rest rain you and keep you away from t he fire, but you overwhelm me and fall in.) This was also narrat ed by Al-Bukhari and Muslim.

べ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ギホ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι∠ぺぴ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゃ⊥ あらレ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ び ユ⊥ Β͡ヤハ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (64. Cert ainly, t o Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and t he eart h. Indeed, He knows your condit ion and t he Day when t hey will be brought back t o Him, t hen He will inform t hem of what t hey did. And Allah is All-Knower of everyt hing.)

Allah knows your Condition Allah t ells us t hat He is t he Sovereign of t he heavens and t he eart h, and He knows t he seen and t he unseen. He knows what His servant s do in secret and in t he open. So He says:

び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Indeed, He knows your condit ion) He knows and it is visible t o Him, and not one iot a is hidden from him. This is like t he Ayah:

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ゎヱ∠ ぴ (And put your t rust in t he All-Might y, t he Most Merciful,) unt il His saying;

び ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, He, only He, is t he All-Hearer, t he All-Knower) ぴ26:217-220び.

ラ ∃ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇わゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∃ ∇ほセ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ∇クま͡ や⇔キヲ⊥ヰセ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ モ ∃ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇んョあ リ͡ョ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ∠ハ ゆ ⊥ ゴ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツΒ͡ヘゎ⊥

マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ͡ョ ゲ∠ ピ∠ ∇タぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ Ι∠ヱ (Neit her you do any deed nor recit e any port ion of t he Qur'an, nor you do any deed but We are Wit ness t hereof when you are doing it . And not hing is hidden from your Lord; (even) t he weight of a speck of dust on t he eart h or in t he heaven. Not what is less t han t hat or what is great er t han t hat but is in a Clear Record.) ぴ10:61び

び∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ユ͡もべ∠ホ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Is t hen He Who t akes charge of every person and knows all t hat he has earned) ぴ13: 33び He sees all t hat His servant s do, good and evil alike. And Allah says:

ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲジ ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠Βを͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ Ι∠ぺぴ び∠ラヲ⊥レヤ͡∇バΑ⊥ (Surely, even when t hey cover t hemselves wit h t heir garment s, He knows what t hey conceal and what t hey reveal) ぴ11:5び.

び͡ヮよ͡ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ゲｚ シ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シぴ (It is t he same (t o Him) whet her any of you conceals his speech or declares it openly) ぴ13:10び.

ゅ∠ヰホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ゅ∠ヰハ ∠ キ∠ ∇ヲわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワゲｚ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ び (And no moving creat ure is t here on eart h but it s provision is due from Allah. And He knows it s dwelling place and it s deposit . All is in a Clear Book.) ぴ11:6び

ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ウ ⊥ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ヘョ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ ホ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ リ͡ョ テ ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ∇デケ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ ヴ͡プ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ザ ∃ よ͡ ゅ∠Α (And wit h Him are t he keys of t he Unseen, none knows t hem but He. And He knows what ever t here is in t he land and in t he sea; not a leaf falls, but He knows it . There is not a grain in t he darkness of t he eart h nor anyt hing fresh or dry, but is writ t en in a Clear Record.) ぴ6:59び And t here are many Ayat and Hadit hs which say similar t hings.

び͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (t he Day when t hey will be brought back t o Him,) means, t he day when all creat ures will be brought back t o Allah, which is t he Day of Resurrect ion.

び∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゃ⊥ あらレ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ぴ (t hen He will inform t hem of what t hey did.) means, He will t ell t hem everyt hing t hey did in t his life, maj or and minor, significant and insignificant . As Allah says:

び ゲ∠ カ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ グ͡ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ほ⊥ｚらレ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (On t hat Day man will be informed of what he sent forward (of deeds), and what he left behind.) ぴ75:13び

ゅｚヨョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ゲわ∠ プ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ノ∠ ッ ͡ ヱ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ケ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠ピΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰャ͡ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∠わ∠ヤ∇Α∠ヲΑ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠ィ∠ヱ∠ヱ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ダ∇ェぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ り⇔ ゲ∠ Β͡らミ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ Β͡ピタ ∠ び や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲッ ͡ ゅ∠ェ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ (And t he Book will be placed, and you will see t he criminals, fearful of t hat which is t herein. They will say: "Woe t o us! What sort of Book is t his t hat leaves neit her a small t hing nor a big t hing, but has recorded it wit h numbers!'' And t hey will find all t hat t hey did, placed before t hem, and your Lord t reat s no one wit h inj ust ice.) ぴ18:49び Allah says here:

あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゃ⊥ あらレ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠

(t he Day when t hey will be brought back t o Him, t hen He will inform t hem of what t hey did. And Allah is All-Knower of everyt hing.) Praise be t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s, and we ask Him t o help us achieve perfect ion. The end of t he Tafsir of Surat An-Nur, t o Allah be praise and t hanks.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Furqan (Chapter - 25) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャ͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ホ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ン͡グャｚや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぴ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ン͡グャｚや - や⇔ゲΑ͡グル∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャ͡ ヴ͡プ ∀マΑ͡ゲ∠セ ヮ⊥ ｚャ リ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ ∇グガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ び や⇔ゲΑ͡ギ∇ボゎ∠ ロ⊥ ケ∠ ギｚ ボ∠ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ͡ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ャや (1. Blessed be He Who sent down (Nazzala) t he crit erion t o His servant t hat he may be a warner t o all nat ions.) (2. He t o Whom belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h, and Who has begot t en no son and for Whom t here is no part ner in t he dominion. He has creat ed everyt hing, and has measured it exact ly according t o it s due measurement s.)

Blessed be Allah Here Allah praises Himself for t he Noble Qur'an He has revealed t o His noble Messenger . This is like t he Ayat :

∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ ヮ⊥ ∇ルギ⊥ ｚャ リあョ や⇔ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ゅ⇔シ∇ほよ∠ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇レΒ⊥ ャあ ゅ⇔ヨあΒホ∠ ゅ∠ィヲ∠ ハ ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ∠バ∇イΑ∠ び͡れゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ゼ あ ら∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ (All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah, Who has sent down t o His servant t he Book, and has not placed t herein any crookedness. (He has made it ) st raight t o give warning of a severe punishment from Him, and t o give glad t idings t o t he believers, who do right eous deeds...) ぴ18:1-2び Here Allah says:

び∠ポケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぴ (Blessed be He.) The verbal form used here implies an ongoing, permanent , et ernal blessing.

び∠ラゅ∠ホ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (Who sent down t he crit erion) The verb Nazzala is a form which implies somet hing done a great deal and oft en. This is like t he Ayah:

ン͡グャｚや ͡ょ⇒∠わ͡ム∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ン͡グャｚや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ び⊥モ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ メ ∠ ゴ∠ルぺ∠ (And t he Book which He (Nazzala) sent down t o His Messenger, and t he Script ure which He (Anzala) sent down t o t hose before (him)) (4:136). Each of t he previous Books was sent down at one t ime, but t he Qur'an was revealed gradually, in st ages, Ayat aft er Ayat , rulings aft er rulings, Surahs aft er Surahs. This is more eloquent and indicat ive of great er care for t he one t o whom it is revealed, as Allah says lat er in t his Surah:

ラ ⊥ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴあ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤゎｚ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ キ∠ や∠ぽプ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ろ ∠ らあ ん∠ レ⊥ ャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヤ∠∇ヨィ ⊥ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ モ ∃ ん∠ ヨ∠ よ͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ゎ∇ゲゎ∠ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ジ∇ヘゎ∠ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ (And t hose who disbelieve say: "Why is not t he Qur'an revealed t o him all at once'' Thus, t hat We may st rengt hen your heart t hereby. And We have revealed it t o you gradually, in st ages. And no example or similit ude do t hey bring, but We reveal t o you t he t rut h, and t he bet t er explanat ion t hereof.) (25:32-33) This Surah was named Al-Furqan, because it is t he crit erion t hat decides bet ween t rut h and falsehood, guidance and misguidance, right and wrong, lawful and unlawful.

び͡ロギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (t o His servant ) This descript ion is one of praise and commendat ion, because here Allah is connect ing him t o Himself, describing him as His servant . Allah also described him in t his manner when referring t o t he noblest of event s, t he Night of t he Isra', as He said:

び⇔Κ∇Βャ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らバ∠ よ͡ ン∠ゲ∇シぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ

(Glorified be He Who t ook His servant for a j ourney by night ) (17:1). Allah also described him in t his way when He described how he st ood and called t o Him:

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ミ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ∇らハ ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヨャｚ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ギ∠らャ͡ (And when t he servant of Allah st ood up invoking Him in prayer t hey (t he Jinn) j ust made round him a dense crowd as if st icking one over t he ot her (in order t o list en t o t he Prophet 's recit at ion).) (72:19) This descript ion is also used here when Allah describes how t he Book is revealed t o him and how t he angel comes down t o him:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャ͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ホ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ン͡グャｚや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぴ び や⇔ゲΑ͡グル∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャ͡ (Blessed be He Who sent down t he crit erion t o His servant t hat he may be a warner t o all nat ions.)

び⇔やゲΑ͡グル∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ム∠Β͡ャぴ (t hat he may be a warner t o all nat ions.) means, he alone has been blessed wit h t his great , det ailed, clear Book which,

ヮ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ⊥ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ｚぴ び ギ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ユ∃ Β͡ムェ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀モΑ͡ゴレ∠ゎ (Falsehood cannot come t o it from before it or behind it , (it is) sent down by t he All-Wise, Wort hy of all praise (Allah).) (41:42) The One Who made it t he might y crit erion, singled him out t o convey it t o t hose who seek t he shade of t rees and t o t hose who live on t he land (i.e., t o all of mankind, nomad and set t led alike), as t he Prophet said:

«キ∠ヲ∇シほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェほ∠∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ » (I have been sent t o t he red and t he black.) And he said:

￢͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ト ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヨ∠カ ろ ⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥ ヶあルま͡» «ヶ͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ

(I have been given five t hings which no Prophet before me was given. ) Among t hem he ment ioned:

ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ タ ｚ ゅ∠カ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ヶ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ» «るｚョゅ∠ハ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや (ぴBefore meび a Prophet was sent only t o his own people, but I have been sent t o all of mankind.) And Allah says:

びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴあルま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "O mankind! Verily, I am sent t o you all as t he Messenger of Allah...'') (7:158), meaning, t he One Who has sent me is t he Sovereign of t he heaven and t he eart h, who merely says t o a t hing "Be!'' and it is. He is t he one who gives life and causes deat h. Allah says here:

や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ ∇グガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ び͡マ∇ヤヨ⊥ ャや ヴ͡プ ∀マΑ͡ゲ∠セ ヮ⊥ ｚャ リ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ (He t o Whom belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h, and Who has begot t en no son and for Whom t here is no part ner in t he dominion.) Allah st at es t hat He is above having any offspring or part ner. Then He t ells us:

び⇔やゲΑ͡ギ∇ボ∠ゎ ロ⊥ ケ∠ ギｚ ボ∠ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ペ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠カぴ (He has creat ed everyt hing, and has measured it exact ly according t o it s due measurement s.) meaning, everyt hing apart from Him is creat ed and subj ect t o Him. He is t he Creat or, Lord, Mast er and God of all t hings, and everyt hing is subj ect t o His dominion, cont rol and power.

∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ Ι ｚ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∇￢ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バ∇ヘル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ッ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル６Ι ∠ラヲ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ヨ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヤ∠∇ガΑ⊥ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ゼル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ヲ⇒∠Βェ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゎ∇ヲョ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ヨ∠Α (3. Yet t hey have t aken besides Him ot her gods who creat ed not hing but are t hemselves creat ed, and possess neit her harm nor benefit for t hemselves, and possess no power (of causing) deat h, nor (of giving) life, nor of raising t he dead.)

The Foolishness of the Idolators

Allah t ells us of t he ignorance of t he idolat ors in t aking ot her gods inst ead of Allah, t he Creat or of all t hings, t he One Who cont rols t he affairs of all t hings; what ever He wills happens and what ever He does not will does not happen. In spit e of t hat , t hey st ill worshipped ot hers besides Him, idols who could not even creat e t he wing of a gnat , but were t hemselves creat ed. They could neit her do harm nor bring benefit t o t hemselves, so how could t hey do anyt hing for t heir worshippers

び⇔やケヲ⊥ゼル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ヲ⇒∠Βェ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゎ∇ヲョ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ヨ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and possess no power (of causing) deat h, nor (of giving) life, nor of raising t he dead.) means, t hey could not do any of t hat at all; t hat power belongs only t o Allah, Who is t he One Who gives life and deat h, and is t he One Who will bring all people, t he first and t he last , back t o life on t he Day of Resurrect ion.

び∃りギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘレ∠ ミ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ん⊥ ∇バよ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅｚョぴ (The creat ion of you all and t he resurrect ion of you all are only as (t he creat ion and resurrect ion of) a single person) (31:28). This is like t he Ayat ;

び ゲ͡ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ウ ∃ ∇ヨヤ∠ミ∠ り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And Our commandment is but one as t he t winkling of an eye.) (54:50)

び り͡ ゲ∠ ワ͡ ゅｚジャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ワ や∠クみ͡プ∠ - り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ∇ィコ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (But it will be only a single Zaj rah. When behold, t hey find t hemselves on t he surface of t he eart h alive aft er t heir deat h.) (79:13-14)

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ∇ィコ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (It will be a single Zaj rah, and behold, t hey will be st aring!) (37:19)

ゅ∠レ∇Αギ∠ ャｚ ∀ノΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ エ ∠ ∇Βタ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲツ ∠ ∇エョ⊥ (It will be but a single Sayhah, so behold t hey will all be brought up before Us!) (36:53). He is Allah besides Whom t here is no ot her God and besides Whom t here is no ot her Lord. No one should be worshipped except Him because what ever He wills happens and what ever he does not will does not happen. He has no offspring nor progenit or, nor equal nor likeness nor rival nor peer. He is t he One, t he Self-Sufficient Mast er, Whom all creat ures need, He beget s not , nor was He begot t en, and t here is none co-equal or comparable unt o Him.

ロ⊥ や∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや ∀マ∇プ͡ま Ι ｚ ま͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ やヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰら∠ わ∠ わ∠ ∇ミや ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ - や⇔ケヱ⊥コヱ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇モホ⊥ - Κ ⇔ Β͡タぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇ヨゎ⊥ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゲｚ ジ あ ャや び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ (4. Those who disbelieve say: "This is not hing but a lie t hat he has invent ed, and ot hers have helped him in it .'' In fact , t hey have produced an unj ust wrong and a lie.) (5. And t hey say: "Tales of t he ancient s which he has writ t en down, and t hey are dict at ed t o him morning and aft ernoon. '') (6. Say: "It has been sent down by Him Who knows t he secret of t he heavens and t he eart h. Truly, He is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.'')

What the Disbelievers said about the Qur'an Allah t ells us about t he foolishness of t he disbelievers' ignorant minds, when t hey said about t he Qur'an:

び∀マ∇プ͡ま Ι ｚ ま͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ぴ (This is not hing but a lie), meaning an unt rut h.

び⊥ロや∠ゲわ∠ ∇プやぴ (t hat he has invent ed,) meaning t he Prophet .

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and ot hers have helped him in it .) means, he asked ot her people t o help him compile it . So Allah said:

び⇔やケヱ⊥コヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ やヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ぴ

(In fact , t hey have produced an unj ust wrong and a lie.) meaning, t hey are t he ones who are t elling a lie, and t hey know t hat it is false, for t heir own souls know t hat what t hey are claiming is not t rue.

びゅ∠ヰら∠ わ∠ わ∠ ∇ミや ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey say: "Tales of t he ancient s which he has writ t en down...'') meaning, t he ancient s wrot e t hem down, and he has copied it .

び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇ヨゎ⊥ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ ぴ (and t hey are dict at ed t o him) means, t hey are read or recit ed t o him.

び⇔ΚΒ͡タぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ ぴ (morning and aft ernoon. ) at t he beginning and end of t he day. Because t his idea is so foolish and is so pat ent ly false, everyone knows t hat it is not t rue. It is known t hrough Mut awat ir report s and is a common fact t hat Muhammad t he Messenger of Allah never learned t o read or writ e, eit her at t he beginning or t he end of his life. He grew up among t hem for approximat ely fort y years, from t he t ime he was born unt il t he t ime when his mission began. They knew all about him, and about his honest and sound charact er and how he would never lie or do anyt hing immoral or bad. They even used t o call him Al-Amin (t he Trust wort hy One) from a young age, unt il his mission began, because t hey saw how t rut hful and honest he was. When Allah honored him wit h t hat which He honored him, t hey declared t heir enmit y t owards him and came up wit h all t hese accusat ions which any reasonable person would know he was innocent of. They were not sure what t o accuse him of. Somet imes t hey said t hat he was a sorcerer, at ot her t imes t hey would say he was a poet , or crazy, or a liar. So Allah said:

Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲぁヤツ ∠ プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ん∇ョΙ ｘや マ ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ッ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルやぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ∇バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (See what examples t hey have put forward for you. So t hey have gone ast ray, and never can t hey find a way.) (17:48) In response t o t heir st ubbornness, Allah says here:

れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゲｚ ジ あ ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ (Say: "It has been sent down by Him Who knows t he secret of t he heavens and t he eart h''.) meaning, He has revealed t he Qur'an which includes t rue informat ion about t he earlier and lat er generat ions, informat ion which concurs wit h t he realit ies of t he past and fut ure.

びｚゲジ あ ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (Who knows t he secret ) means, Allah is t he One Who knows t he unseen in t he heavens and on t he eart h; He knows t heir secret s j ust as He knows what is visible t herein.

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Truly, He is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) This is an invit at ion t o t hem t o repent and t urn back t o Allah, t elling t hem t hat His mercy is vast and His pat ience is immense. Whoever repent s t o Him, He accept s his repent ance. Despit e all t heir lies, immoralit y, falsehood, disbelief and st ubbornness, and saying what t hey said about t he Messenger and t he Qur'an, He st ill invit es t hem t o repent and give up t heir sin, and t o come t o Islam and t rue guidance. This is like t he Ayat :

∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ る∃ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ゑ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠を ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レ∠Α ∇ユャｚ ラ͡まヱ∠ ギ∀ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚジ ｚ ヨ∠ Β∠ ャ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よヲ⊥わΑ∠ び (Surely, disbelievers are t hose who said: "Allah is t he t hird of t he t hree.'' But t here is no god but One God. And if t hey cease not from what t hey say, verily, a painful t orment will befall on t he disbelievers among t hem. Will t hey not t urn wit h repent ance t o Allah and ask His forgiveness For Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (5:73-74)

∇ユャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥レわ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びペ ͡ Α͡ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よヲ⊥わΑ∠ (Verily, t hose who put int o t rial t he believing men and believing women, and t hen do not t urn in repent ance, t hen t hey will have t he t orment of Hell, and t hey will have t he punishment of t he burning Fire.) (85:10) Al-Hasan Al-Basri said: "Look at t his kindness and generosit y! They killed His friends and He is calling t hem t o repent ance and mercy.''

ヴ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰャ͡ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ マ ∀ ヤ∠ョ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ Ι∇ヲャ∠ ベ ͡ や∠ヲ∇シΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ

モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∀るレｚ ∠ィ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀ゴ∇レ∠ミ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ - や⇔ゲΑ͡グル∠ Κ ⇔ィ ⊥ ケ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ ラ͡ま ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ ⇒∠ん∇ョΙ ｘや マ ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ッ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルや - や⇔ケヲ⊥エ∇ジョｚ ラ͡ま ン͡グャｚや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ - Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲぁヤツ ∠ プ∠ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク リあョ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ∇モよ∠ - や⇔ケヲ⊥ダホ⊥ マ ∠ ャｚ モ∠バ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ や∠クま͡ - や⇔ゲΒ͡バシ ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャゅ͡よ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャゅ͡よ - や⇔ゲΒ͡プコ∠ ヱ∠ ⇔ゅヌぁΒ∠ピ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ シ ∠ ギ∃ Β͡バよ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョｚ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎぺ∠ケ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ ∇や∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ルゲｚ ボ∠ ョぁ ゅ⇔ボあΒッ ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ャぺ⊥ へク∠ ま∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや∠ヱ や⇔ギ͡ェヱ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥らを⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ Ι ｚ - や⇔ケヲ⊥らを⊥ び や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥らを⊥ (7. And t hey say: "Why does t his Messenger eat food, and walk about in t he market s. Why is not an angel sent down t o him t o be a warner wit h him'') (8. "Or (why) has not a t reasure been grant ed t o him, or why has he not a garden whereof he may eat '' And t he wrongdoers say: "You follow none but a man bewit ched.'') (9. See how t hey coin similit udes for you, so t hey have gone ast ray, and t hey cannot find a pat h.) (10. Blessed be He Who, if He wills, will assign you bet t er t han (all) t hat -- Gardens under which rivers flow and will assign you palaces. ) (11. Nay, t hey deny t he Hour, and for t hose who deny t he Hour, We have prepared a flaming Fire.) (12. When it sees t hem from a far place, t hey will hear it s raging and it s roaring.) (13. And when t hey shall be t hrown int o a narrow place t hereof, chained t oget her, t hey will exclaim t herein for dest ruct ion.) (14. Exclaim not t oday for one dest ruct ion, but exclaim for many dest ruct ions.)

What the Disbelievers said about the Messenger , refutation of Their Words, and Their ultimate Destiny Allah t ells us about t he disbelievers' st ubborn resist ance t o and rej ect ion of t he t rut h, wit h no proof or evidence for doing so. Their excuse was, as t hey said:

び∠ュゅ∠バト ｚ ャや モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰャ͡ ゅ∠ョぴ (Why does t his Messenger eat food,) meaning, ` as we eat , and why does he need food as we need it '

び͡ベや∠ヲ∇シΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヴ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and walk about in t he market s.) means, he walks around and goes t here oft en seeking t o t rade and earn a living.

び⇔やゲΑ͡グル∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ マ ∀ ヤ∠ョ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ Ι∇ヲャ∠ぴ (Why is not an angel sent down t o him t o be a warner wit h him) They were saying: why doesn't an angel come down t o him from Allah, t o be a wit ness t hat what he is claiming is t rue This is like when Fira` wn said:

ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヱぺ∠ ょ ∃ ワ∠ ク∠ リあョ り∀ ケ∠ ヲ͡ ∇シぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ルゲ͡ わ∠ ∇ボョ⊥ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ("Why t hen are not golden bracelet s best owed on him, or angels sent along wit h him'') (43:53). These people had a similar ment alit y and said t he same kind of t hing. They said:

び∀ゴ∇レミ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or (why) has not a t reasure been grant ed t o him) meaning, t reasure t hat he could spend on his needs and want s.

びゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∀るレｚ ∠ィ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or why has he not a garden whereof he may eat ) meaning, a garden t hat would go wit h him wherever he went . All of t his is easy for Allah, but He had a reason for not doing any of t hese t hings, and wit h Him is t he perfect proof and argument .

び⇔やケヲ⊥エ∇ジョｚ Κ ⇔ィ ⊥ ケ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ ラ͡ま ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t he wrongdoers say: "You follow none but a man bewit ched.'') Allah said:

び∇やヲぁヤツ ∠ プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ん∇ョΙ ｘやマ ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ッ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルやぴ

(See how t hey coin similit udes for you, so t hey have gone ast ray,) meaning, t hey accused you and belied you when t hey said t hat you were a sorcerer or bewit ched or crazy or a liar or a poet , but all of t hese are false ideas. Everyone who has t he slight est underst anding will recognize t hat t hey are lying. Allah says:

び∇やヲ⊥ヤあツプ⊥ ぴ (so t hey have gone ast ray) from t he pat h of guidance.

び⇔ΚΒ͡らシ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ∇バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and t hey cannot find a pat h.) Everyone who st eps out side of t he way of t rut h and guidance has gone ast ray, no mat t er what direct ion he t akes, because t he t rut h is one and it s met hodology is unified, part s of it confirming ot her part s. Then Allah t ells His Prophet t hat if He willed, He could best ow on him in t his world somet hing far bet t er t han what t hey were saying. He said:

び∠マャ͡ク リあョ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ラ͡ま ン͡グャｚや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぴ (Blessed be He Who, if He wills, will assign you bet t er t han (all) t hat ...) Muj ahid said, "This means in t his world.'' And he said: "The Quraysh used t o call every house t hat was made of st one a ` palace', whet her it was large or small.''

び͡るハ ∠ ゅｚジャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, t hey deny t he Hour,) means, t hey say t his in st ubborn disbelief, not because t hey are seeking insight and guidance, but because t heir disbelief in t he Day of Resurrect ion makes t hem say what t hey say.

びゅ∠ル∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have prepared) means, ` We have made ready,'

び⇔やゲΒ͡バシ ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャゅ͡よ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ぴ (for t hose who deny t he Hour, a flaming Fire.) means, an unbearably hot and painful t orment in t he fire of Hell.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎぺ∠ケ∠ やク∠ ま͡ぴ (When it sees t hem) means, when Hell sees t hem,

び∃ギΒ͡バよ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ムョｚ リ͡ョぴ

(from a far place,) means from t he place of gat hering (on t he Day of Resurrect ion),

び⇔やゲΒ͡プコ∠ ヱ∠ ⇔ゅヌぁΒ∠ピ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ シ ∠ぴ (t hey will hear it s raging and it s roaring.) means, (it will make t hose sounds) out of hat red t owards t hem. This is like t he Ayah,

キ⊥ ゅ∠ムゎ∠ ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘゎ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ボΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ シ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ャぺ⊥ へ∠クま͡ぴ び͡ナ∇Βピ∠ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゴ⊥ Βｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ (When t hey are cast t herein, t hey will hear t he (t errible) drawing in of it s breat h as it blazes fort h. It almost burst s up wit h fury) (67:7-8), which means t hat part s of it almost separat e from ot her part s because of it s int ense hat red t owards t hose who disbelieved in Allah. Imam Abu Ja` far bin Jarir narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "A man will be dragged t owards Hell, which will be expanding and cont ract ing, and Ar-Rahman will say t o it : ` What is t he mat t er wit h you' It will say: ` He is seeking refuge from me.' So Allah will say, ` Let My servant go.' Anot her man will be dragged t owards Hell and he will say, ` O Lord, I never expect ed t his from You.' Allah will say, ` What did you expect ' The man will say, ` I expect ed t hat Your mercy would be great enough t o include me.' So Allah will say, ` Let My servant go.' Anot her man will be dragged t owards Hell, and Hell will bray at him like a donkey braying at barley. Then it will give a moan t hat will inst ill fear in everyone. '' It s chain of narrat ors is Sahih.

び⇔やゲΒ͡プコ∠ ヱ∠ ⇔ゅヌぁΒ∠ピ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ シ ∠ぴ (t hey will hear it s raging and it s roaring. ) ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr said: "Hell will ut t er a moan such t hat t here will be no angel who is close t o Allah and no Prophet sent t o mankind, but he will fall on his face, shaking all over. Even Ibrahim, peace be upon him, will fall t o his knees and say: ` O Lord, I do not ask You for salvat ion t his Day except for myself.'''

び∠リΒ͡ルゲｚ ボ∠ ョぁ ゅ⇔ボあΒッ ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ャぺ⊥ へ∠クま∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t hey shall be t hrown int o a narrow place t hereof, chained t oget her,) Qat adah narrat ed from Abu Ayyub t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said: "Like t he point of a spear, i.e., in it s narrowness.''

び∠リΒ͡ルゲ͡ ∇ボョ⊥ ぴ (chained t oget her,) Abu Salih said, "This means, t ied from t heir shoulders.''

び⇔やケヲ⊥らを⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ ∇や∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ぴ

(t hey will exclaim t herein for dest ruct ion.) means, t hey will ut t er cries of woe, regret and sorrow.

び⇔やギ͡ェヱ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥らを⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ Ι ｚぴ (Exclaim not t oday for one dest ruct ion...)

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ギ∠ ハ ͡ ヱ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ギ͡ ∇ヤガ ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ ｚレィ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ダョ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ びΙ ⇔ ヲ⊥ゃ∇ジョｚ や⇔ギ∇ハヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ (15. Say: "Is t hat bet t er or t he Paradise of Et ernit y which is promised t o t hose who have Taqwa'' It will be t heirs as a reward and final dest inat ion.) (16. For t hem t here will be t herein all t hat t hey desire, and t hey will abide (t herein forever). It is upon your Lord a Wa` dan Mas'ula.)

Is the Fire better, or Paradise Here Allah says: ` O Muhammad, t his t hat We have described t o you about t he st at e of t hose who are doomed, who will be dragged on t heir faces t o Hell, which will receive t hem wit h a scowling face, wit h hat red and moans. There t hey will be t hrown int o t heir const rict ed spaces, t ied up t o t heir shoulders, unable t o move or call for help, and unable t o escape t heir plight --is t his bet t er, or t he et ernal Paradise which Allah has promised t o t he pious among His servant s, which He has prepared for t hem as a reward and ult imat e dest iny in ret urn for t heir obedience t o Him in t his world'

び∠ラヱ⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚぴ (For t hem t here will be t herein all t hat t hey desire,) of delight s such as food, drink, clot hing, dwellings, means of t ransport at ion and scenery, and ot her t hings t hat no eye has seen, no ear has heard, nor t he heart of anyone can comprehend. They will abide t herein forever; it will never cease or come t o an end, and t hey will never leave it . This is what Allah has promised t o t hose whom He has blessed and t o whom He has shown His favor. He says:

び⇔Ιヲ⊥ゃ∇ジョｚ や⇔ギ∇ハヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミぴ (It is a upon your Lord a Wa` dan Mas'ula) meaning, it must inevit ably come t o pass. Abu Ja` far bin Jarir report ed from some of t he scholars of t he Arabic language t hat t he words

び⇔Ιヲ⊥ゃ∇ジョｚ や⇔ギ∇ハヱ∠ ぴ

(Wa` dan Mas'ula) mean: a binding pledge. In t his Surah Allah ment ions Hell, t hen refers t o t he sit uat ion of t he people of Paradise. This is similar t o t he passage in Surat As-Saffat where Allah ment ions t he st at us of t he people of Paradise, wit h it s beaut y and j oy, t hen He says:

ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚル͡ま - ュ͡ ヲぁホゴｚ ャや り⊥ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ Ι ⇔ ゴ⊥ ルぁ ∀ゲ∇Βカ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぺ∠ぴ モ ͡ ∇タぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤあャ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ - リ ͡ Β͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや サ ⊥ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ ∇ヤデ ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥トら⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゃャ͡ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ͡ Ι ∂ ヴ∠ャΗ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ - ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ⇔よ∇ヲゼ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ - リ ∠ Βあャべ∠ッ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ ∇や∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ - ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゲ∠ ∇ヰΑ⊥ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠をや∠￢ :(Is t hat bet t er ent ert ainment or t he t ree of Zaqqum Truly, We have made it a t rial for t he wrongdoers. Verily, it is a t ree t hat springs out of t he bot t om of Hellfire, The shoot s of it s fruit st alks are like t he heads of Shayat in. Truly, t hey will eat t hereof and fill t heir bellies t herewit h. Then on t he t op of t hat t hey will be given boiling wat er t o drink so t hat it becomes a mixt ure. Then t hereaft er, verily, t heir ret urn is t o t he flaming fire of Hell. Verily, t hey found t heir fat hers on t he wrong pat h. So t hey hast ened in t heir foot st eps!) (37:62-70)

メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ モ ∠ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや やヲぁヤッ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ュぺ∠ ￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ン͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤヤ∠∇ッぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠￢ぺ∠ リ͡ョ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ ルｚ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レ∠ャ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇バわｚ ョｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ - や⇔ケヲ⊥よ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ミグあ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プ∇ゲタ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ び や⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ホグ͡ ル⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ ユ͡ヤ∇ヌΑ∠

(17. And on t he Day when He will gat her t hem t oget her and t hat which t hey worship besides Allah. He will say: "Was it you who misled t hese My servant s or did t hey st ray from t he pat h'') (18. They will say: "Glorified be You! It was not for us t o t ake any Awliya' besides You, but You gave t hem and t heir fat hers comfort t ill t hey forgot t he warning, and became a lost people.'') (19. Thus t hey will deny you in what you say; t hen you can neit her avert nor find help. And whoever among you does wrong, We shall make him t ast e a great t orment .)

The gods of the Idolators will disown Them on the Day of Resurrection Allah t ells us about what will happen on t he Day of Resurrect ion, when t hose whom t he idolat ors used t o worship inst ead of Allah, angels and ot hers, will rebuke t hem. Allah says:

び͡ヮヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅョ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And on t he Day when He will gat her t hem t oget her and t hat which t hey worship besides Allah.) Muj ahid said, "This means ` Isa, ` Uzayr and t he angels.''

び͡￢Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ン͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤヤ∠∇ッぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠￢ぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ぴ (He will say: "Was it you who misled t hese My servant s...'') Allah will say t o t hose who were worshipped: ` Did you call t hese people t o worship you inst ead of Me, or was it t heir own idea t o worship you, wit hout any call t o t hat on your part ' This is like t he Ayah,

サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ろ ∠ ヤ⊥ホ ろ ∠ ル∠￢ぺ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡バΑ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ リ ͡ ∇Βヰ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ ヴ ∠ ョあ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥グ͡ガゎｚ や ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ペ ｙエ ∠ よ͡ ヴ͡ャ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ョ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ͡ャ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ べ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥Βピ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ⇒ｚヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ マ ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ び͡ヮよ͡ ヴ͡レゎ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ぺ∠ (And when Allah will say: "O ` Isa, son of Maryam! Did you say unt o men: ` Worship me and my mot her as t wo gods besides Allah' '' He will say: "Glory be t o You! It was not for me t o say what I had no right (t o say). Had I said such a t hing, You would surely have known it . You know what is in my innerself t hough I do not know what is in Yours; t ruly, You, only You, are t he AllKnower of all t hat is hidden. Never did I say t o t hem aught except what You did command me t o say.'') (5:116-117) Describing how t hose who were worshipped will respond on t he Day of Resurrect ion, Allah says:

リ͡ョ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ ルｚ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レ∠ャ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ び∠￢べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ (They will say: "Glorified be You! It was not for us t o t ake (Nat t akhidh) any Awliya' besides You...'') Most of t he scholars recit e a Fat hah on t he Nun of t he word Nat t akhidh in His saying:

び∠￢べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ ルｚ ぴ ("...for us t o t ake (Nat t akhidh) any Awliya' besides You,'') meaning, ` it is not right for any creat ed being, neit her us nor t hem, t o worship anyone except You; we did not call t hem t o do t hat , but t hey did it of t heir own accord, wit hout us t elling t hem t o do it or accept ing what t hey did. We are innocent of t hem and t heir worship.' This is like t he Ayah,

￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワぺ∠ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∠マ∠レ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑ͡ま (And (remember) t he Day when He will gat her t hem all t oget her, t hen He will say t o t he angels: "Was it you t hat t hese people used t o worship'' They (t he angels) will say: "Glorified be You!'') (34:40-41) Ot her scholars underst and t his phrase t o mean: ` it is not proper for us t o t ake anyone except You as prot ect ors or helpers (Awliya'), ' meaning, ` it is not proper for anyone t o worship us, for we are Your servant s and in need of You.' This meaning is close t o t he first .

び∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇バわｚ ョｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but You gave t hem and t heir fat hers comfort ) means, ` You made such a long period of t ime pass t hat t hey forgot t he Reminder, i.e., t hey forgot what had been sent down t o t hem t hrough t he Messengers, calling t hem t o worship You alone wit h no part ner or associat e.'

び⇔やケヲ⊥よ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and became a lost people.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "This means, t hey were dest royed.'' Al-Hasan AlBasri and Malik narrat ed from Az-Zuhri: "There was no good in t hem.'' And Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Thus t hey will deny you because of what you say;) meaning, ` t hose whom you used t o worship besides Allah will show you t o be liars in your claims t hat t hey were your helpers and prot ect ors bringing you closer t o Allah.' This is like t he Ayat :

Ι ｚ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リｚヨョ͡ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ハキ⊥ リ∠ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ⊥ Β͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ギ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ゼ ͡ェ ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ (And who is more ast ray t han one who calls on besides Allah, such as will not answer him t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion, and who are unaware of t heir calls t o t hem. And when mankind are gat hered, t hey will become t heir enemies and will deny t heir worshipping.) (46:5-6)

び⇔やゲ∇ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プ∇ゲタ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (t hen you can neit her avert nor find help.) means: t hey will not be able t o avert t he punishment from t hemselves, nor will t hey be able t o help t hemselves.

び∇ユム⊥ レあョ ユ͡ヤ∇ヌΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever among you does wrong,) means by associat ing ot hers in worship wit h Allah,

び⇔やゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ホグ͡ ル⊥ ぴ (We shall make him t ast e a great t orment .)

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ベ ͡ や∠ヲ∇シΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ぺ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ ャ͡ (20. And We never sent before you any of t he Messengers but verily, t hey at e food and walked in t he market s. And We have made some of you as a t rial for ot hers; will you have pat ience And your Lord is Ever All-Seer.) and who are unaware of t heir calls t o t hem. And when mankind are gat hered, t hey will become t heir enemies and will deny t heir worshipping.) (46:5-6)

び⇔やゲ∇ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プ∇ゲタ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (t hen you can neit her avert nor find help.) means: t hey will not be able t o avert t he punishment from t hemselves, nor will t hey be able t o help t hemselves.

び∇ユム⊥ レあョ ユ͡ヤ∇ヌΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever among you does wrong,) means by associat ing ot hers in worship wit h Allah,

び⇔やゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ホグ͡ ル⊥ ぴ (We shall make him t ast e a great t orment .)

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ベ ͡ や∠ヲ∇シΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ぺ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ ャ͡ (20. And We never sent before you any of t he Messengers but verily, t hey at e food and walked in t he market s. And We have made some of you as a t rial for ot hers; will you have pat ience And your Lord is Ever All-Seer.)

All of the Previous Messengers were Human Allah t ells us about t he previous Messengers He sent : t hey all used t o eat food needing t he nourishment in it . They used t o go around in t he market places seeking t o engage in t rade and earn a livelihood. This should not , however, affect t heir st at us as Messengers, for Allah gave t hem good charact erist ics and caused t hem t o speak fine words and do noble deeds, and gave t hem miracles and clear proofs, from which any person wit h sound insight may see t he confirmat ion t hat what t hey brought from Allah was t rue. This Ayah is similar t o t he Ayat ;

∇リョあ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲぁル Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ィケ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ (And We sent not before you any but men unt o whom We revealed, from among t he people of t ownships) (12:109).

び∠ュゅ∠バト ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ｚ や⇔ギ∠ジィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We did not creat e t hem bodies t hat at e not food) (21:8).

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ぺ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And We have made some of you as a t rial for ot hers; will you have pat ience) means, ` We t est some of you by means of ot hers, so t hat We may see who will be obedient and who will be disobedient .' Allah says:

び⇔やゲΒ͡ダよ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (will you have pat ience And your Lord is Ever All-Seer.) meaning, He knows who deserves t o receive revelat ion, as Allah says elsewhere:

び⊥ヮ∠わ∠ャゅ∠シ͡ケ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (Allah knows best wit h whom t o place His Message) (6:124). And He knows who deserves t o be guided t o t he Message wit h which He sent t hem, and who does not deserve t o be guided.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ぺ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have made some of you as a t rial for ot hers. Will you have pat ience) Muhammad bin Ishaq said: Allah is saying, "If I had willed t hat t he world be such t hat no one would oppose My Messengers, I could have made it so, but I want ed t o t est My servant s by means of t hem.'' In Sahih Muslim it is narrat ed from ` Iyad bin Himar t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

«マ͡よ モ ∃ わ∠ ∇らョ⊥ ヱ∠ ∠マΒ͡ヤ∠わ∇らョ⊥ ヶあルま͡ :ヴャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » (Allah says: "I will t est you and t est ot hers by means of you.'') In t he Sahih it is recorded t hat he was given t he choice bet ween being a Prophet and king, or being a servant and Messenger, and he chose t o be a servant and Messenger.

ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや ギ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ン∠ゲル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや Ι ∠ る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ や⇔∂ヲわ⊥ ハ ⊥ や∇ヲ∠わ∠ハ∠ヱ や⇔ゲ∇イェ ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ モ ∃ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇ョギ͡ ホ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ケヲ⊥イ∇エョｚ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ - や⇔ケヲ⊥んレｚョ ￢⇔ べ∠らワ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ボョ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョぁ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ

(21. And t hose who expect not a meet ing wit h Us said: "Why are not t he angels sent down t o us, or why do we not see our Lord'' Indeed t hey t hink t oo highly of t hemselves, and are scornful wit h great pride.) (22. On t he Day t hey will see t he angels -- no good news will t here be for t he criminals t hat day. And t hey will say: "Hij ran Mahj ura.'') (23. And We shall t urn t o what ever deeds t hey did, and We shall make such deeds as scat t ered float ing part icles of dust .) (24. The dwellers of Paradise will, on t hat Day, have t he best abode, and have t he fairest of places for repose.)

The Stubbornness of the Disbelievers Allah describes how st ubborn t he disbelievers were in t heir disbelief when t hey said:

びゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ぴ (Why are not t he angels sent down t o us,) meaning, ` so t hat we may see t hem wit h our own eyes and t hey may t ell us t hat Muhammad is t he Messenger of Allah.' This is like when t hey said:

び⇔ΚΒ͡らホ∠ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or you bring Allah and t he angels before (us) face t o face) (17:92). Hence t hey also said:

びン∠ゲル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャやぴ (or why do we not see our Lord) Allah said:

び⇔やヲ∂ わ⊥ ハ ⊥ や∇ヲ∠わ∠ハ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや ギ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Indeed t hey t hink t oo highly of t hemselves, and are scornful wit h great pride.) And Allah says:

びヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚミ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ∠ル ゅ∠レルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And even if We had sent down unt o t hem angels, and t he dead had spoken unt o t hem...) (6:111)

リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ Ι ∠ る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥イ∇エョｚ や⇔ゲ∇イェ ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ (On t he Day t hey will see t he angels -- no good news will t here be for t he criminals t hat day. And t hey will say: "Hij ran Mahj ura.'') means, when t hey do see t he angels, it will not be a good day for t hem, for on t hat day t here will be no good news for t hem. This is also confirmed at

t he t ime when t hey are dying, when t he angels bring t hem t he t idings of Hell and t he wrat h of t he Compeller, and when t he disbeliever's soul is being t aken out , t he angels say t o it , "Come out , O evil soul from an evil body, come out t o fierce hot wind and boiling wat er, and t he shadow of black smoke.'' It refuses t o come out and it scat t ers t hroughout his body, so t hey beat him, as Allah says:

る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇クま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ (And if you could see when t he angels t ake away t he souls of t hose who disbelieve; t hey smit e t heir faces and t heir backs...'') (8:50)

れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや れ ͡ や∠ゲヨ∠ ビ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ク͡ ま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥トシ ͡ ゅ∠よ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (And if you could but see when t he wrongdoers are in t he agonies of deat h, while t he angels are st ret ching fort h t heir hands.) t hat is, t o beat t hem:

ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ヰ∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ぴ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ び∠ラヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ((saying): "Deliver your souls! This day you shall be recompensed wit h t he t orment of degradat ion because of what you used t o ut t er against Allah ot her t han t he t rut h. And you used t o rej ect His Ayat wit h disrespect !'') (6: 93) Hence in t his Ayah Allah says:

び∠リΒ͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ Ι ∠ る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day t hey will see t he angels -- no good news will t here be for t he criminals) This is in cont rast t o t he st at e of t he believers when deat h approaches t hem, for t hey are given glad t idings of j oy and delight . Allah says:

メ ⊥ ゴｚ レ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠ボわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゅ∠ガゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヴ͡わャｚや る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ

ヴ͡ヰ∠わ∇ゼ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ケ∃ ヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ∇リョあ Ι ⇔ ゴ⊥ ル⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギｚ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ び ユ∃ Β͡ェケｚ (Verily, t hose who say: "Our Lord is Allah,'' and t hen t hey st and firm, on t hem t he angels will descend (saying): "Fear not , nor grieve! But receive t he good news of Paradise which you have been promised! We have been your friends in t he life of t his world and are (so) in t he Hereaft er. Therein you shall have what your souls desire, and t herein you shall have what you ask for. Ent ert ainment from, t he Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.'') (41:30-32) According t o an aut hent ic Hadit h narrat ed from Al-Bara' bin ` Azib, t he angels say t o t he believer's soul (at t he t ime of deat h): "Come out , O good soul in a good body, as you were dwelling in it . Come out t o rest and pleasant fragrances and a Lord Who is not angry.'' Ot her scholars said t hat t he Ayah:

びン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ Ι ∠ る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day t hey will see t he angels -- no good news) vrefers t o t he Day of Resurrect ion. This was t he view of Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak and ot hers. But t here is no cont radict ion bet ween t hese t wo views, because on bot h of t hese days -- t he day of deat h and t he Day of Resurrect ion -- t he angels will appear t o t he believers and disbelievers, and t hey will give glad t idings of divine mercy and pleasure t o t he believers, while t hey will give t he disbelievers news t hat will bring regret and sorrow, so t here will be no glad t idings for t he evildoers and criminals on t hat Day.

び⇔やケヲ⊥イ∇エョｚ や⇔ゲ∇イェ ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey (angels) will say: "Hij ran Mahj ura.'') The angels will say t o t he disbelievers: ` success is forbidden t o you t his day.' The basic meaning of Al-Hij r is prevent ing or prohibit ion, hence t he word is used in t he phrase "Haj ara Al-Qadi ` Ala Fulan'' (or, "The j udge prohibit ed so and so.'') when he forbids him t o dispose of his wealt h in cases of bankrupt cy, folly, being underage, et c. The name of Al-Hij r (t he low semicircular wall near t he Ka` bah) is also derived from t his root , because it prevent s people from Tawaf inside it , since t hey have t o go behind it . The mind is also called Al-Hij r, because it prevent s a person from indulging in t hings t hat do not befit him. In conclusion, t he pronoun in t he phrase.

び∠ラヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will say) refers t o t he angels. This was t he view of Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, AdDahhak, Qat adah, ` At iyyah Al-` Awfi, ` At a' Al-Khurasani, Khusayf and ot hers; it was also t he view favored by Ibn Jarir. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn Jurayj said t hat t his referred t o t he words of t he idolat ors.

び∠るム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ

(On t he Day t hey will see t he angels) means, t hey will seek refuge from t he angels. This is because when disast er and hardship st ruck, t he Arabs would say:

び⇔やケヲ⊥イ∇エョｚ や⇔ゲ∇イェ ͡ぴ ("Hij ran Mahj ura.'') Alt hough t here is a point t o what Ibn Jurayj said, from t he cont ext it is unlikely t hat t his is what was meant , and t he maj orit y of scholars said somet hing different .

び∃モヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇ョギ͡ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We shall t urn t o what ever deeds t hey did,) This refers t o t he Day of Resurrect ion, when Allah will bring mankind t o account for t heir deeds, good and bad alike. Allah t ells us t hat t he deeds which t hese idolat ors t hought would bring t hem salvat ion will be of no avail t o t hem, because t hey were not in accordance wit h t he Shari` ah or Laws of Allah, whet her in t erms of sincere int ent ion or in t erms of following t he Laws set out by Allah. Every deed t hat is neit her sincere nor in accordance wit h t he Laws of Allah is fut ile, and t he deeds of t he disbelievers are eit her one or t he ot her, or t hey may include bot h, in which case t hey are even less likely t o be accept ed. Allah says:

￢⇔ べ∠らワ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ モ ∃ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇ョ͡ギ∠ホ∠ヱぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥んレｚョ (And We shall t urn t o what ever deeds t hey did, and We shall make such deeds as scat t ered float ing part icles of dust .) Sufyan At h-Thawri, narrat ed from Abu Ishaq, from Al-Harit h t hat ` Ali, may Allah be pleased wit h him, comment ed on Allah's saying:

び⇔やケヲ⊥んレｚョ ￢⇔ べ∠らワ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and We shall make such deeds as scat t ered float ing part icles of dust (Haba').) "The rays of t he sun when t hey pass t hrough a small apert ure.'' A similar view was also narrat ed t hrough a different chain of narrat ors from ` Ali, and somet hing similar was also narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, As-Suddi, Ad-Dahhak and ot hers. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "This refers t o t he rays coming t hrough a small window, and if anyone t ries t o grasp t hem, he cannot .'' Abu Al-Ahwas narrat ed from Abu Ishaq from Al-Harit h t hat ` Ali said: "Haba' refers t o t he dust raised by animals. '' A similar view was also narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas and AdDahhak, and t his was also said by ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam.

び⇔やケヲ⊥んレｚョ ￢⇔ べ∠らワ∠ ぴ (scat t ered float ing part icles of dust (Haba').) Qat adah said: "Have you not seen dry t rees when t hey are blown by t he wind This refers t o t hose leaves.'' It was narrat ed t hat Ya` la bin ` Ubayd said: "Ashes or dust when it is st irred up by t he wind.'' In conclusion, all of t hese views are point ing out t hat t he deeds of t he disbelievers will be like some wort hless scat t ered t hing, and will be of no avail t o t hem what soever. As Allah says:

∇れギｚ わ∠ ∇セや キ∃ ゅ∠ョゲ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ん∠ ｚョぴ び⊥ウΑあゲャや ヮ͡ よ͡ (The parable of t hose who disbelieved in t heir Lord is t hat t heir works are as ashes, on which t he wind blows furiously) (14:18).

リ あ ヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ムわ͡ ⇒∠ホギ∠ タ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤト ͡ ∇らゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ びン∠クｘΙや∠ヱ (O you who believe! Do not render in vain your charit y by reminders of your generosit y or by inj ury,) unt il His saying:

び∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ Ι ｚぴ (They are not able t o do anyt hing wit h what t hey have earned) (2:264).

ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ る∃ バ∠ Β͡ボよ͡ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲジ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び⇔ゅゃ∇Βセ ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ロ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ラ ⊥ べ∇ヨヌ ｚ ャや (As for t hose who disbelieved, t heir deeds are like a mirage in a desert . The t hirst y one t hinks it t o be wat er, unt il he comes up t o it , he finds it t o be not hing) (24:39).

The Abode of the People of Paradise Allah says:

リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョぁ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ボョ∠ (The dwellers of Paradise will, on t hat Day, have t he best abode, and have t he fairest of places for repose.) meaning, on t he Day of Resurrect ion.

る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴも͡ べ∠ヘ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ (Not equal are t he dwellers of t he Fire and t he dwellers of t he Paradise. It is t he dwellers of Paradise t hat will be successful) (59:20). That is because t he people of Paradise will ascend t o loft y degrees and secure dwellings, so t hey will be in a place of safet y, beaut y and goodness,

び ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ∇ろレ∠ ジ ⊥ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カぴ (Abiding t herein -- excellent it is as an abode, and as a place t o rest in.) (25:76) The people of Hell will go down t o t he lowest levels and cont inual regret , wit h all kinds of punishment s and t orment s.

び ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ∇れ￢∠ べシ ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ぴ (Evil indeed it (Hell) is as an abode and as a place t o rest in.)(25:66) means, how evil a dwelling place t o look at , and how evil an abode in which t o st ay. Allah says:

リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョぁ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ボョ∠ (The dwellers of Paradise will, on t hat Day, have t he best abode, and have t he fairest of places for repose.) meaning, in ret urn for what t hey have done of accept able deeds, t hey will at t ain what t hey will at t ain and reach t he st at us t hey will reach, in cont rast t o t he people of Hell, who will not have even one deed t o t heir credit t hat would qualify t hem t o ent er Paradise and be saved from t he Fire. Allah point s out t he sit uat ion of t he blessed in cont rast t o t hat of t he doomed, who will not enj oy any goodness at all. Sa` id bin Jubayr said: "Allah will finish t he Judgement halfway t hrough t he Day, and t he people of Paradise will t ake t heir mid day rest in Paradise and t he people of Hell in Hell. Allah says:

リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョぁ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ボョ∠ (The dwellers of Paradise will, on t hat Day, have t he best abode, and have t he fairest of places for repose.) ` Ikrimah said, "I know t he t ime when t he people of Paradise will ent er Paradise and t he people of Hell will ent er Hell. It is t he t ime which in t his world is t he t ime when t he lat e forenoon st art s and people go back t o t heir families t o t ake a siest a. The people of Hell will go t o Hell, but t he people of Paradise will be t aken t o Paradise and will have t heir siest a in Paradise, and t hey will be fed t he liver of a whale and t hey will all eat t heir fill. This is what Allah says:

リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョぁ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ボョ∠ (The dwellers of Paradise will, on t hat Day, have t he best abode, and have t he fairest of places for repose.)

る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴあ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ユ͡ ⇒∠ヨピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ⊥ ボｚ ゼ ∠ ゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ⇔ ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや - Κ ⇔ Α͡ゴレ∠ゎ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ヂ ぁ バ∠ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ジハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ - Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ れ ⊥ ∇グガ ∠ ｚゎや ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βヤ∠Α メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ ヴ͡レヤｚッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤカ ∠ ゅ⇔ル∠Κプ⊥ ∇グガ ͡ ゎｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠わ∠ヤ∇Α∠ヲΑ リ ͡ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΘ ͡ ャ͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヴ͡ル￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ミグあ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ びΙ ⇔ ヱ⊥グカ ∠ (25. And (remember) t he Day when t he heaven shall be rent asunder wit h clouds, and t he angels will be sent down, wit h a grand descending.) (26. The sovereignt y on t hat Day will be t he t rue (sovereignt y) of t he Most Gracious, and it will be a hard Day for t he disbelievers.) (27. And (remember) t he Day when t he wrongdoer will bit e at his hands, he will say: "Oh! Would t hat I had t aken a pat h wit h t he Messenger.'') (28. "Ah! Woe t o me! Would t hat I had never t aken so-and-so as an int imat e friend!'') (29. "He indeed led me ast ray from t he Reminder aft er it had come t o me. And Shayt an is t o man ever a desert er.'')

The Terrors of the Day of Resurrection, and how the Wrongdoers will wish that They had taken a Path with the Messenger Here Allah t ells us about t he t error of t he Day of Resurrect ion and t he t remendous event s t hat will happen, including t he split t ing of heavens when t hey are pierced by t he clouds, t hat is t he shadow of t he magnificent light which dazzles all sight . The angels of heaven will come down on t hat Day and surround all creat ures at t he place of gat hering, t hen t he Lord, may He be blessed and exalt ed, will come t o pass j udgement . Muj ahid said, "This is as Allah says:

リ ∠ ョあ モ ∃ ヤ∠ニ ⊥ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇モワ∠ ぴ び⊥る∠ム͡ゃ⇒∠ヤ∠ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ ュ͡ ゅ∠ヨピ∠ ∇ャや (Do t hey t hen wait for anyt hing ot her t han t hat Allah should come t o t hem in t he shadows of t he clouds and t he angels)'' (2:210)

び͡リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャやぴ (The sovereignt y on t hat Day will be t he t rue (sovereignt y) of t he Most Gracious,) This is like t he Ayah,

び͡ケゅｚヰボ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャあぴ (Whose is t he kingdom t his Day: It is Allah's, t he One, t he Irresist able!) (40:16) In t he Sahih it says:

グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮレ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ れ ͡ や∠ヲヨ∠ ジ ｚ ャや ヵ͡ヲ∇トΑ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ぺ∠» ゅ∠ル∠ぺ マ ⊥ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩ン∠ゲ∇カほ⊥∇ャや ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ッケ∠ ほ∠∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∨∠ラヱ⊥ケゅｚらイ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∨͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ポ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤョ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∩⊥ラゅｚΑギｚ ャや «∨∠ラヱ⊥ゲらあム∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Allah, may He be exalt ed, will fold up t he heavens in His Right Hand, and will t ake t he eart hs in His ot her Hand, t hen He will say: "I am t he Sovereign, I am t he Judge. Where are t he kings of t he eart h Where are t he t yrant s Where are t he arrogant s'')

び⇔やゲΒ͡ジハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and it will be a hard Day for t he disbelievers.) means it will be very difficult , because it will be t he Day of j ust ice and t he decisive j udgement , as Allah says:

ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ - ∀ゲΒ͡ジ∠ハ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ プ∠ ぴ び ゲ∃ Β͡ジΑ∠ (Truly, t hat Day will be a hard Day -- Far from easy for t he disbelievers) (74:9-10). This is how t he disbelievers will be on t he Day of Resurrect ion. As for t he believers, Allah says:

び⊥ゲら∠ ∇ミｘΙや ネ ⊥ ゴ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ル⊥ ゴ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (The great est t error will not grieve t hem.)

ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βヤ∠Α メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ヂ ぁ バ∠ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ れ ⊥ ∇グガ ∠ ｚゎや (And (remember) t he Day when t he wrongdoer will bit e at his hands, he will say: "O! Would t hat I had t aken a pat h wit h t he Messenger.'') Here Allah t ells us of t he regret felt by t he wrongdoer who rej ect ed t he pat h of t he Messenger and what he brought from Allah of clear t rut h concerning which t here is no doubt , and followed anot her pat h. When t he Day of Resurrect ion comes, he will feel regret but his regret will avail him not hing, and he will bit e on his hands in sorrow and grief. Whet her t his Ayah was revealed concerning ` Uqbah bin Abi Mu` it or someone else among t he doomed, it applies t o every wrongdoer, as Allah says:

び͡ケゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ょ ⊥ ｚヤボ∠ ゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day when t heir faces will be t urned over in t he Fire) as ment ioned in t hose t wo Ayat ぴ33:66び Every wrongdoer will feel t he ult imat e regret on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and will bit e at his hands, saying:

ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βヤ∠Α メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ヂ ぁ バ∠ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇グガ ͡ ゎｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠わ∠ヤ∇Α∠ヲΑ - Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ れ ⊥ ∇グガ ∠ ｚゎや びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤカ ∠ ゅ⇔ル∠Κプ⊥ (O! Would t hat I had t aken a pat h wit h t he Messenger. Ah! Woe t o me! Would t hat I had never t aken so-and-so as an int imat e friend!) meaning, t he one among t he propagat ors of misguidance who divert ed him from t rue guidance and led him t o follow t he pat h of misguidance, whet her t his refers t o Umayyah bin Khalaf or his brot her Ubayy bin Khalaf, or t o someone else.

び͡ゲ∇ミグあ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヴ͡レヤｚッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ (He indeed led me ast ray from t he Reminder) means t he Qur'an,

びヴ͡ル￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ぴ (aft er it had come t o me.) means, aft er it had reached me. Allah says:

び⇔Ιヱ⊥グカ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΘ ͡ ャ͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And Shayt an is t o man ever a desert er (in t he hour of need). ) meaning, he leads him away from t he t rut h and divert s him from it , and uses him for t he purposes of falsehood and calls him t o it .

や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇やヱ⊥グ∠ガゎｚ や ヴ͡ョ∇ヲホ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゆ あ ゲ∠ Α メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ や⇔ヱ∂ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヴ ｙ ら͡ ル∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ケヲ⊥イ∇ヰョ∠ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Α͡キゅ∠ワ マ ∠ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ (30. And t he Messenger will say: "O my Lord! Verily, my people desert ed t his Qur'an.'') v(31. Thus have We made for every Prophet an enemy among t he criminals. But sufficient is your Lord as a Guide and Helper.)

The Messenger will complain against His Opponents Allah t ells how His Messenger and Prophet Muhammad will say: "O my Lord! Verily, my people desert ed t his Qur'an.'' The idolat ors would not list en t o t he Qur'an, as Allah says:

ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮΒ͡プ ∇や∇ヲピ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (And t hose who disbelieve say: "List en not t o t his Qur'an, and make noise in t he midst of it .'') (41:26). When he would recit e Qur'an t o t hem, t hey would t alk nonsense or speak about somet hing else, so t hat t hey would not hear it . This is a form of forsaking it and rej ect ing it , and not believing in it is t he same as forsaking it , and not pondering it s meanings and t rying t o underst and it is t he same as forsaking it , and not act ing upon it and following it s commandment s and heeding it s prohibit ions is t he same as forsaking it , and t urning away from it in favor of poet ry or ot her words or songs or idle t alk or some ot her way is t he same as forsaking it . We ask Allah, t he Most Generous, t he Best ower of bount y, t he One Who is able t o do what He wills, t o keep us safe from doing t hat which earns His wrat h and t o use us t o do t hat which will earn His pleasure of preserving and underst anding His Book, following it s commandment s night and day in t he manner which He loves and which pleases Him, for He is Generous and Kind.

び∠リΒ͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ヱ∂ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヴ ｙ ら͡ ル∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Thus have We made for every Prophet an enemy among t he criminals.) means, ` j ust as t here is for you, O Muhammad, t hose people who scorned t he Qur'an, so in all t he previous nat ions did Allah make for every Prophet an enemy among t he criminals, who called people t o t heir misguidance and disbelief,' as Allah says:

ザ ͡ ∇ルΗ ͡や リ ∠ Β͡ト⇒∠Βセ ∠ や⇔ヱ∂ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヴ ｙ ら͡ ル͡ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びあリイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ (And so We have appoint ed for every Prophet enemies -- Shayat in among mankind and Jinn) as st at ed in t hese t wo Ayat . (6:112) Allah says here:

び⇔やゲΒ͡ダル∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Α͡キゅ∠ワ マ ∠ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ヘ∠ミ∠ヱぴ (But sufficient is your Lord as a Guide and Helper.) meaning, for t he one who follows His Messenger and believes in His Book, Allah will be his Guide and Helper in t his world and t he Hereaft er. Allah says

び⇔やゲΒ͡ダル∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Α͡キゅ∠ワぴ (a Guide and Helper.) because t he idolat ors used t o t ry t o prevent people from following t he Qur'an lest anyone be guided by it . They want ed t heir way t o prevail over t he way of t he Qur'an. Allah says:

び∠リΒ͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ヱ∂ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヴ ｙ ら͡ ル∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Thus have We made for every Prophet an enemy among t he criminals.)

ラ ⊥ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴあ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤゎｚ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ キ∠ や∠ぽプ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ろ ∠ らあ ん∠ レ⊥ ャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヤ∠∇ヨィ ⊥ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ モ ∃ ん∠ ヨ∠ よ͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ゎ∇ゲゎ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - や⇔ゲΒ͡ジ∇ヘゎ∠ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョｚ ゲｘ セ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ (32. And t hose who disbelieve say: "Why is not t he Qur'an revealed t o him all at once'' Thus, t hat We may st rengt hen your heart t hereby. And We have revealed it t o you gradually, in st ages.) (33. And no example or parable do t hey bring, but We reveal t o you t he t rut h, and t he bet t er explanat ion t hereof.) (34. Those who will be gat hered t o Hell on t heir faces, such will be in an evil st at e, and most ast ray from t he pat h.)

The Reason why the Qur'an was revealed in Stages, the Refutation of the Disbelievers, and their Evil End

Allah t ells us about t he many obj ect ions raised by t he disbelievers, t heir st ubbornness, and how t hey spoke of t hings which were none of t heir concern. They said:

び⇔りギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヤ∠∇ヨィ ⊥ ラ ⊥ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴあ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ ("Why is not t he Qur'an revealed t o him all at once'') meaning, why was t his Qur'an, which was revealed t o him, not sent down all at one t ime, as t he previous Books, t he Tawrah, Inj il, Zabur and ot her Divine Books Allah answered t hem, t elling t hem t hat it was revealed in st ages over t went y-t hree years, according t o event s and circumst ances, and what ever rulings were needed, in order t o st rengt hen t he heart s of t he believers, as He says:

び⊥ロゅ∠レ∇ホゲ∠ プ∠ ゅル⇔ や￢∇ゲホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And (it is) a Qur'an which We have divided (int o part s)...) (17:106). Allah says:

び⇔ΚΒ͡ゎ∇ゲゎ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤゎｚ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ キ∠ や∠ぽプ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ろ ∠ らあ ん∠ レ⊥ ャ͡ぴ (t hat We may st rengt hen your heart t hereby. And We have revealed it t o you gradually, in st ages.) Qat adah said it means: "We have explained it .'' ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said it means: "We have given it s int erpret at ion.''

び∃モん∠ ヨ∠ よ͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And no example or similit ude do t hey bring,) This means no argument s or doubt s,

び⇔やゲΒ͡ジ∇ヘゎ∠ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (but We reveal t o you t he t rut h, and t he bet t er explanat ion t hereof.) They do not say anyt hing in an at t empt t o oppose t he t rut h, but We respond t o t hem wit h t he t rut h of t hat same mat t er, more clearly and more eloquent ly t han anyt hing t hey say. Abu ` Abdur-Rahman An-Nasa'i recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Qur'an was sent down all at once t o t he first heaven on Laylat ul-Qadr (t he Night of Power), t hen it was revealed over t went y years.'' Allah says:

リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ モ ∃ ん∠ ヨ∠ よ͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ジ∇ヘゎ∠ (And no example or similit ude do t hey bring, but We reveal t o you t he t rut h, and t he bet t er explanat ion t hereof.) and:

ゑ ∃ ∇ムョ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ボわ∠ ャ͡ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ホゲ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ルや￢∇ゲホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Α͡ゴ∇レゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャゴｚ ル∠ ヱ∠ (And (it is) a Qur'an which We have divided (int o part s), in order t hat you might recit e it t o men at int ervals. And We have revealed it by st ages) (17:106). Then Allah t ells us about t he t errible st at e of t he disbelievers when t hey are raised on t he Day of Resurrect ion and gat hered int o Hell:

マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョｚ ゲｘ セ ∠ (Those who will be gat hered t o Hell on t heir faces, such will be in an evil st at e, and most ast ray from t he pat h. ) In t he Sahih, it is report ed from Anas t hat a man said, "O Messenger of Allah, how will t he disbeliever be gat hered on his face on t he Day of Resurrect ion'' The Prophet said:

ヮ⊥ Β∠ ゼ ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ∀ケキ͡ ゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠∇ィケ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠ゼ∇ョぺ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡» «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (The One Who caused him t o walk on his t wo feet is able t o make him walk on his face on t he Day of Resurrect ion.)

ロ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠らワ∠ ∇クや ゅ∠レ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ - や⇔ゲΑ͡コヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ ゅｚヨャｚ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ュ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ョ∇ギゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲョｚ ギ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホゲ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ モ ∠シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ∇やキ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヱ∠ や⇔キゅ∠ハヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∠リΒ͡ヨ͡ヤ⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャ ゅ∠ル∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ６Κミ⊥ ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ⇔ルヱ⊥ゲホ⊥ ヱ∠ サ あ ゲｚ ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ や∇ヲゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ら∇わゎ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲらｚ ゎ∠ ６Κミ⊥ ヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ん∇ョΙ ｘ や ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇よゲ∠ ッ ∠

∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ ￢͡ ∇ヲジ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ト ∠ ョ∠ ∇れゲ∠ ト ͡ ∇ョぺ⊥ ヴ͡わャｚや る͡ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ゼル⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇モよ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ (35. And indeed We gave Musa t he Script ure, and placed his brot her Harun wit h him as a helper;) (36. And We said: "Go you bot h t o t he people who have denied Our Ayat .'' Then We dest royed t hem wit h ut t er dest ruct ion.) (37. And Nuh's people, when t hey denied t he Messengers, We drowned t hem, and We made t hem as a sign for mankind. And We have prepared a painful t orment for t he wrongdoers.) (38. And (also) ` Ad and Thamud, and t he Dwellers of Ar-Rass, and many generat ions in bet ween.) (39. And for each We put forward examples, and each We brought t o ut t er ruin.) (40. And indeed t hey have passed by t he t own on which was rained t he evil rain. Did t hey not t hen see it Nay! But t hey used not t o expect any resurrect ion.)

Frightening the Idolators of Quraysh Allah t hreat ens t he idolat ors who denied and opposed His Messenger Muhammad and He warns t hem of t he punishment and painful t orment He sent upon t he previous nat ions who rej ect ed t heir Messengers. Allah begins by ment ioning Musa, upon him be peace, whom He sent along wit h his brot her Harun as a helper -- i.e., as anot her Prophet who helped and support ed him -but Fir` awn and his chiefs denied t hem bot h:

びゅ∠ヰヤ⊥⇒∠ん∇ョ∠ぺ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ョｚ キ∠ ぴ (Allah dest royed t hem complet ely, and similar (await s) t he disbelievers) (47:10). And when t he people of Nuh denied him, Allah dest royed t hem likewise, for whoever denies one Messenger denies all t he Messengers, because t here is no difference bet ween one Messenger and anot her. If it had so happened t hat Allah had sent all His Messengers t o t hem, t hey would have denied t hem all. Allah says:

び∠モシ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ゅｚヨャｚ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ュ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Nuh's people, when t hey denied t he Messengers,) alt hough Allah sent only Nuh t o t hem, and he st ayed among t hem for 950 years, calling t hem t o Allah and warning t hem of His punishment ,

び∀モΒ͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And none believed wit h him, except a few) (11:40). For t his reason Allah drowned t hem all and left no one among t he sons of Adam alive on eart h apart from t hose who boarded t he boat ,

び⇔る∠Αや∠￢ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We made t hem a sign for mankind.) meaning a lesson t o be learned. This is like t he Ayah,

- る͡ Α∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ゅ∠ピデ ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ び る∀ Β∠ ハ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ラク⊥ ぺ⊥ べ∠ヰΒ∠ バ͡ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠バ∠ ∇イレ∠ ャ͡ (Verily, when t he wat er rose beyond it s limit s, We carried you in t he boat . That We might make it a remembrance for you, and t he keen ear may underst and it ) (69:11-12), which means: ` We left for you ships t hat you ride upon t o t ravel across t he dept hs of t he seas, so t hat you may remember t he blessing of Allah t owards you when He saved you from drowning, and made you t he descendant s of t hose who believed in Allah and followed His commandment s.'

びあサゲｚ ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やキ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヱ∠ や⇔キゅ∠ハヱ∠ ぴ (And (also) ` Ad and Thamud, and t he Dwellers of Ar-Rass,) We have already discussed t heir st ory, which is referred t o in more t han one Surah, such as Surat Al-A` raf, and t here is no need t o repeat it here. As for t he Dwellers of Ar-Rass, Ibn Jurayj narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas about t he Dwellers of Ar-Rass t hat t hey were t he people of one of t he villages of Thamud. At h-Thawri narrat ed from Abu Bukayr from ` Ikrimah t hat Ar-Rass was a well where t hey buried (Rassu) t heir Prophet .

び⇔やゲΒ͡んミ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ⇔ルヱ⊥ゲホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and many generat ions in bet ween. ) means nat ions, many more t han have been ment ioned here, whom We dest royed. Allah said:

び∠メゅ∠ん∇ョΙ ｘ や ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇よゲ∠ ッ ∠ ６Κミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And for each We put forward examples,) meaning, ` We showed t hem t he proof and gave t hem clear evidence,' as Qat adah said, "They had no excuse.''

び⇔やゲΒ͡ら∇わゎ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲらｚ ゎ∠ ６Κミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and each (of t hem) We brought t o ut t er ruin.) means, ` We dest royed t hem complet ely.' This is like t he Ayah,

び∃ゥヲ⊥ル ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ム∠ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And how many generat ions (Qurun) have We dest royed aft er Nuh!) (17:17). "Generat ions'' (Qurun) here refers t o nat ions among mankind. This is like t he Ayah,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ルヱ⊥ゲホ⊥ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ル∇ほゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ｚユを⊥ ぴ

(Then, aft er t hem, We creat ed ot her generat ions (Qurun).) (23:42) Some defined a generat ion as being 120 years, or it was said t hat a generat ion was one hundred years, or eight y, or fort y, et c. The most correct view is t hat a generat ion refers t o nat ions who are one anot her's cont emporaries, living at t he same t ime. When t hey go and ot hers succeed t hem, t his is anot her generat ion, as it was recorded in t he Two Sahihs:

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユｚ を⊥ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ｚユを⊥ ∩ヶ͡ル∇ゲホ∠ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠» «ユ⊥ヰ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠Α (The best of generat ions is my generat ion, t hen t he one t hat follows it , t hen t he one t hat follows t hat .)

ゲ∠ ト ∠ ョ∠ ∇れゲ∠ ト ͡ ∇ョぺ⊥ ヴ͡わャｚや る͡ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ や∇ヲゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び͡￢∇ヲジ ｚ ャや (And indeed t hey have passed by t he t own on which was rained t he evil rain.) refers t o t he t own of t he people of Lut , which was called Sodom, and t he way in which Allah dealt wit h it , when He dest royed it by t urning it upside down and by sending upon it t he rain of st ones of baked clay, as Allah says:

びリ ∠ Α͡ケグ∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ト ∠ ョ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ジプ∠ や⇔ゲ∠トョｚ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲト ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And We rained on t hem a rain. And how evil was t he rain of t hose who had been warned!) (26:176),

Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡エら͡ ∇ダョぁ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲヨ⊥ わ∠ ャｚ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ (Verily, you pass by t hem in t he morning. And at night ; will you not t hen reflect ) (37:137-138),

び ユ∃ Β͡ボョぁ モ ∃ Β͡らジ ∠ ら͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, t hey were right on t he highroad.) (15:76),

び∃リΒ͡らョぁ ュ∃ ゅ∠ョみ͡ら͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (They are bot h on an open highway, plain t o see) (15:79). Allah says:

びゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Did t hey not t hen see it ) meaning, so t hat t hey might learn a lesson from what happened t o it s inhabit ant s of punishment for denying t he Messenger and going against t he commands of Allah.

び⇔やケヲ⊥ゼル⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay! But t hey used not t o expect any resurrect ion.) means, t he disbelievers who passed by it did not learn any lesson, because t hey did not expect any resurrect ion, i.e., on t he Day of Judgement .

ン͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ワぺ∠ や⇔ヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ͡ま ポ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠レわ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ∇リハ ∠ ゅ∠レヤぁツ ͡ Β⊥ ャ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま - Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ∠ ∇らタ ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ リ ͡ ョ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ - Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ヲワ∠ ヮ⊥ ヰ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ょ ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ ゅ∠ミ (41. And when t hey see you, t hey t reat you only in mockery (saying): "Is t his t he one whom Allah has sent as a Messenger'') (42. "He would have nearly misled us from our gods, had it not been t hat we were pat ient and const ant in t heir worship!'' And t hey will know, when t hey see t he t orment , who it is t hat is most ast ray from t he pat h!) (43. Have you seen him who has t aken as his god his own vain desire Would you t hen be a guardian over him) (44. Or do you t hink t hat most of t hem hear or underst and They are only like cat t le -- nay, t hey are even fart her ast ray from t he pat h.)

How the Disbelievers mocked the Messenger Allah t ells us how t he disbelievers mocked t he Messenger when t hey saw him. This is like t he Ayah,

び⇔やヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ͡ま ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ポ ∠ へ∠ケ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(And when t he disbelievers see you, t hey t ake you not except for mockery) (21:36), which means t hat t hey t ried t o find fault s and short comings in him. Here Allah says:

ン͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ワぺ∠ や⇔ヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ͡ま ポ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びΙ ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ (And when t hey see you, t hey t reat you only in mockery (saying): "Is t his t he one whom Allah has sent as a Messenger'') i.e., t hey said t his by way of belit t ling and t rying t o undermine him, so Allah put t hem in t heir place, and said:

び∠マヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ モ ∃シ ⊥ ゲ⊥ よ͡ ￢∠ ン͡ゴ∇ヰわ⊥ ∇シや ギ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed Messengers before you were mocked at ) (6:10)

びゅ∠レわ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ∇リハ ∠ ゅ∠レヤぁツ ͡ Β⊥ ャ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まぴ (He would have nearly misled us from our gods,) They meant : ` he nearly t urned us away from worshipping idols, and he would have done so, had we not been pat ient and persevered in our ways.' So Allah said, warning and t hreat ening t hem:

び∠ゆや∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will know, when t hey see t he t orment ...)

They took Their Desires as their gods and were more astray than Cattle Then Allah t ells His Prophet t hat if Allah decrees t hat someone will be misguided and wret ched, t hen no one can guide him except Allah, glory be t o Him:

び⊥ロや∠ヲワ∠ ヮ⊥ ヰ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Have you seen him who has t aken as his god his own vain desire) meaning, what ever he admires and sees as good in his own desires becomes his religion and his way. As Allah says:

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ジェ ∠ ロ⊥ や∠￢ゲ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ￢∠ ヲ⊥シ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Αあ コ⊥ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ぁモツ ͡ Α⊥

(Is he t hen, t o whom t he evil of his deeds is made fair seeming. So t hat he consider it as good. Verily, Allah sends ast ray whom he wills.) ぴ35:8び

び⇔ΚΒ͡ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Would you t hen be a guardian over him) Ibn ` Abbas said: "During t he Jahiliyyah, a man would worship a whit e rock for a while, t hen if he saw anot her t hat looked bet t er, he would worship t hat and leave t he first .'' Then Allah said:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ょ ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or do you t hink t hat most of t hem hear or underst and) meaning, t hey are worse t han grazing cat t le. Cat t le only do what t hey were creat ed t o do, but t hese people were creat ed t o worship Allah Alone wit hout associat ing part ners wit h Him, but t hey worship ot hers wit h Him, even t hough evidence has been est ablished against t hem and Messengers have been sent t o t hem.

ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ モ ｚヌ あ ャや ギｚ ョ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ツら∠ ホ∠ ｚユを⊥ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ャキ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔レ͡ミゅ∠シ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ゅ⇔ツ∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ゼル⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゎゅ∠らシ ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲレｚ ャや∠ヱ ゅ⇔シゅ∠らャ͡ (45. Have you not seen how your Lord spread t he shadow. If He willed, He could have made it st ill -- but We have made t he sun it s guide.) (46. Then We wit hdraw it t owards Ourselves -- a gradual wit hdrawal.) (47. And it is He Who makes t he night a covering for you, and t he sleep (as) a repose, and makes t he day Nushur.)

Evidence of the existence of the Creator and the extent of His Power Here Allah begins explaining t he evidence for His exist ence and His perfect power t o creat e various t hings and pairs of opposit es. Allah says:

びｚモヌ あ ャや ギｚ ョ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Have you not seen how your Lord spread t he shadow.) Ibn ` Abbas, Ibn ` Umar, Abu Al-` Aliyah, Abu Malik, Masruq, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, An-Nakha` i, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, AsSuddi and ot hers said, "This refers t o t he period from t he beginning of t he dawn unt il t he sun rises.''

び⇔ゅレ͡ミゅ∠シ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (If He willed, He could have made it st ill) meaning, immobile, never changing. This is like t he Ayat :

び⇔やギ∠ョ∇ゲシ ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ラ͡ま ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say : "Tell me! If Allah made t he night cont inuous for you...'') (28:71)

び⇔ΚΒ͡ャキ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (but We have made t he sun it s guide.) means, were it not for t he sun rising, it would not be t here, for a t hing can only be known in cont rast t o it s opposit e. Qat adah and As-Suddi said, "The sun is a guide which follows t he shade unt il t he shade disappears. ''

び や⇔ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ゅ⇔ツ∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ツ∠ら∠ホ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then We wit hdraw it t owards Ourselves -- a gradual wit hdrawal.) This refers t o t he shade.

び⇔やゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ぴ (gradual) meaning slowly. As-Suddi said: "A gent le, concealed, wit hdrawal unt il t here is no shade left on eart h except under a roof or a t ree, and t he sun is shining on what ever is above it .''

び⇔やゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ゅ⇔ツ∇らホ∠ ぴ (a gradual wit hdrawal.) Ayyub bin Musa said: "Lit t le by lit t le.

び⇔ゅシゅ∠らャ͡ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And it is He Who makes t he night a covering for you,) It covers and conceals all t hings. This is like t he Ayah:

び ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱぴ (By t he night as it envelops) (92:1).

び⇔ゅゎゅ∠らシ ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲレｚ ャや∠ヱぴ

(and t he sleep a repose,) means, a halt t o movement so t hat bodies may rest . For t he facult ies and limbs get t ired from t heir const ant movement during t he day when one goes out t o earn a living. When night comes, and it becomes quiet , t hey st op moving, and rest ; so sleep provides a rej uvenat ion for bot h t he body and t he soul.

び⇔やケヲ⊥ゼル⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and makes t he day Nushur) meaning, people get up and go out t o earn a living and at t end t o t heir business. This is like t he Ayah:

ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レム⊥ ∇ジわ∠ ャ͡ ∠ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ら∠わャ͡ヱ∠ (It is out of His mercy t hat He has made for you t he night and t he day t hat you may rest t herein and t hat you may seek of His bount y...) (28:73)

∇ンギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ ウ ∠ ⇒∠Αゲあ ャや モ ∠シ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ヰデ ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠バ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヮ͡ Β∠ ボ͡ ∇ジル⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔わ∇Βョｚ り⇔ ギ∠ ∇ヤよ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ ∠ Β͡ ∇エレ⊥ ャあぴ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミｚ グｚ Β∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇プゲｚ ∠タ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヴ ｚシ ͡ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘミ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヴ∠よほ∠プ∠ (48. And it is He Who sends t he winds as heralds of glad t idings, going before His mercy; and We send down pure wat er from t he sky,) (49. That We may give life t hereby t o a dead land, and We give t o drink t hereof many of t he cat t le and men t hat We have creat ed.) (50. And indeed We have dist ribut ed it among t hem in order t hat t hey may remember t he grace of Allah, but most men refuse (out of) grat it ude.)

This is also part of His complete power and supreme authority: Allah sends t he winds as heralds of glad t idings, i.e., t hey bring t he clouds behind t hem. The winds are of many different t ypes, depending on t he purpose for which t hey are sent . Some of t hem form t he clouds, ot hers carry t he clouds or drive t hem, and ot hers come ahead of t he clouds as heralds announcing t heir coming. Some of t hem come before t hat t o st ir up t he eart h, and some of t hem fert ilize or "seed'' t he clouds t o make it rain. Allah says:

び⇔やケヲ⊥ヰデ ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (and We send down pure wat er from t he sky), meaning, as a means of purifying it . Abu Sa` id said, "It was said: "O Messenger of Allah, can we perform Wudu' wit h t he wat er of t he well of Buda` ah For it is a well in which rubbish and t he flesh of dogs are t hrown. He said:

«￢∇ヶセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ ⊥ あイレ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∀ケヲ⊥ヰデ ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» (Wat er is pure and not hing makes it impure.) This was recorded by Ash-Shafi` i and Ahmad, who graded it Sahih, and also by Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi, who graded it Hasan, and by AnNasa'i. His saying:

び⇔ゅわ∇Βョｚ り⇔ ギ∠ ∇ヤよ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ ∠ Β͡ ∇エレ⊥ ャあぴ (That We may give life t hereby t o a dead land,) means, a land t hat wait ed a long t ime for rain. It is devoid of veget at ion or anyt hing at all. When t he rain comes t o it , it becomes alive and it s hills are covered wit h all kinds of colorful flowers, as Allah says:

び∇ろよ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇れゴｚ わ∠ ∇ワや ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (but when We send down wat er t o it , it is st irred t o life and growt h...) (41:39). His saying:

び⇔やゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヴ ｚシ ͡ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠バ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヮ͡ Β∠ ボ͡ ∇ジル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We give t o drink t hereof many of t he cat t le and men t hat We had creat ed. ) means, so t hat animals such as cat t le can drink from it , and people who are in desperat e need of wat er can drink from it and wat er t heir crops and fruit s. This is like t he Ayah:

び∇やヲ⊥トレ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゑ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He it is Who sends down t he rain aft er t hey have despaired,) (42:28)

チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゲ͡ ⇒∠をや∠￢ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プぴ びべ∠ヰゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ (Look t hen at t he effect s of Allah's mercy, how He revives t he eart h aft er it s deat h.) (30:50) His saying:

び∇やヱ⊥ゲミｚ グｚ ∠Β͡ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇プゲｚ ∠タ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(And indeed We have dist ribut ed it among t hem in order t hat t hey may remember) means, ` We cause rain t o fall on t his land and not on t hat , and We cause t he clouds t o pass over one land and go t o anot her, where We cause sufficient rain t o fall so t hat it s people have plent y, but not one drop falls on t he first land.' There is a reason and great wisdom behind t his. Ibn ` Abbas and Ibn Mas` ud, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem said: "One year does not have more rain t han anot her, but Allah dist ribut es t he rain as He wills. Then he recit ed t his Ayah:

サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヴ∠よほ∠プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミｚ グｚ Β∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇プゲｚ ∠タ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘミ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ (And indeed We have dist ribut ed it (rain or wat er) amongst t hem in order t hat t hey may remember t he grace of Allah, but most men refuse (out of) ingrat it ude. )'' meaning, so t hat t hey may be reminded, when Allah brings t he dead eart h back t o life, t hat He is able t o bring t he dead and dry bones back t o life, or t hat t hose from whom rain is wit hheld are suffering t his because of some sin t hey have commit t ed, so t hat t hey may give it up.

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ヘミ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヴ∠よほ∠プ∠ ぴ (but most men refuse (out of) ingrat it ude.) ` Ikrimah said, "This refers t o t hose who say t hat rain comes because of such and such a st ar.'' This view of ` Ikrimah is similar t o t he aut hent ic Hadit h recorded in Sahih Muslim; one day aft er a night 's rain, t he Messenger of Allah said t o his Companions:

«∨∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や∠クゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケ∇ギゎ∠ ぺ∠» (Do you know what your Lord says) They said: "Allah and His Messenger know best .'' He said:

ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ∩∀ゲプ͡ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヶ͡よ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タぺ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ» ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ポ ∠ や∠グプ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ やモ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲト ͡ ョ⊥ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇リョ∠ ￢͡ ∇ヲレ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲト ͡ ョ⊥ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ょミ∠ ∇ヲム∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ゲ͡プゅ∠ミ ∩ヶ͡よ «ょ∠ミ∇ヲム∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ∩ヶ͡よ ∀ゲ͡プゅ∠ミ ポ ∠ や∠グプ∠ ∩や∠グミ∠ ヱ∠ や∠グミ∠ (He says: "This morning some of My servant s became believers in Me, and some became disbelievers. As for t he one who said, ` We have been given rain by t he mercy and grace of Allah,' he is a believer in Me and a disbeliever in t he st ars. As for t he one who said, ` We have been given rain by such and such a st ar,' he is a disbeliever in Me and a believer in t he st ars.'')

ノ͡ ト ͡ ゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ - や⇔ゲΑ͡グルｚ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ ら∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒら∠ミ や⇔キゅ∠ヰィ ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ギヰ͡ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ∀ァゅ∠ィぺ⊥ ∀ウ∇ヤ͡ョ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ∀れや∠ゲプ⊥ ∀ゆ∇グ∠ハ や∠グ⇒∠ワ リ ͡ ∇Αゲ∠ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ - や⇔ケヲ⊥イ∇エョｚ や⇔ゲ∇イェ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔カ∠コ∇ゲよ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ヰタ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ら∠ジル∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ⇔やゲ∠ゼ∠よ ￢͡ べ∠ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや び や⇔ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ (51. And had We willed, We would have raised a warner in every t own.) (52. So obey not t he disbelievers, but st rive against t hem wit h t he ut most endeavor wit h it .) (53. And it is He Who has let free t he t wo seas, t his is palat able and sweet , and t hat is salt y and bit t er; and He has set a barrier and a complet e part it ion bet ween t hem.) (54. And it is He Who has creat ed man from wat er, and has appoint ed for him kindred by blood, and kindred by marriage. And your Lord is Ever All-Powerful t o do what He wills.)

The universality of the Prophet's Message, how He was supported in His Mission and Allah's Blessings to Mankind Allah says:

び や⇔ゲΑ͡グルｚ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ ら∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And had We willed, We would have raised a warner in every t own.) ` Calling t hem t o Allah, but We have singled you out , O Muhammad, t o be sent t o all t he people of eart h, and We have commanded you t o convey t he Qur'an,'

び∠ヒヤ∠よ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ルｘΙぴ (t hat I may t herewit h warn you and whomsoever it may reach) (6:19).

び⊥ロギ⊥ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャゅ∠プ ゆ ͡ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (but t hose of t he sect s t hat rej ect it , t he Fire will be t heir promised meet ing place) (11:17).

びゅ∠ヰャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ｚュぺ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥わャあぴ

(t hat you may warn t he Mot her of t he Towns and all around it ) (42:7).

びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴあルま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "O mankind! Verily, I am sent t o you all as t he Messenger of Allah...'') (7:158). In t he Two Sahihs (it is report ed t hat t he Prophet said:)

«キ∠ヲ∇シほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェほ∠∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ » (I have been sent t o t he red and t he black. ) And:

ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩⇔るタ ｚ ゅ∠カ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ヶ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ » «るｚョゅ∠ハ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ (...A Prophet would be sent t o his own people, but I have been sent t o all of mankind.) Allah says:

び͡ヮよ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ギヰ͡ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ノ͡ ト ͡ ゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So obey not t he disbelievers, but st rive hard against t hem wit h it .) meaning, wit h t he Qur'an. This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas.

び⇔やゲΒら∠ミ や⇔キゅ∠ヰィ ͡ぴ (wit h t he ut most endeavour.) This is like t he Ayah,

び∠リΒ͡ボ͡ヘ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ∠ ⇒ｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや ギ͡ ヰ͡ ⇒∠ィ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ∠Αぴ (O Prophet ! St rive hard against t he disbelievers and t he hypocrit es,) (9:73)

∀れや∠ゲプ⊥ ∀ゆ∇グ∠ハ や∠グ⇒∠ワ リ ͡ ∇Αゲ∠ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び∀ァゅ∠ィぺ⊥ ∀ウ∇ヤ͡ョ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ (And it is He Who has let free t he t wo seas, t his is palat able and sweet , and t hat is salt y and bit t er;) means, He has creat ed t he t wo kinds of wat er, sweet and salt y. The sweet wat er is like t hat in rivers, springs and wells, which is fresh, sweet , palat able wat er. This was t he view of Ibn Jurayj and of Ibn Jarir, and t his is t he meaning wit hout a doubt , for nowhere in creat ion is t here a sea which is fresh and sweet . Allah has t old us about realit y so t hat His servant s may realize His blessings t o t hem and give t hanks t o Him. The sweet wat er is t hat which flows

amidst people. Allah has port ioned it out among His creat ures according t o t heir needs; rivers and springs in every land, according t o what t hey need for t hemselves and t heir lands.

び∀ァゅ∠ィぺ⊥ ∀ウ∇ヤ͡ョ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat is salt y and bit t er;) meaning t hat it is salt y, bit t er and not easy t o swallow. This is like t he seas t hat are known in t he east and t he west , t he At lant ic Ocean and t he St rait s t hat lead t o it , t he Red Sea, t he Arabian Sea, t he Persian Gulf, t he China Sea, t he Indian Ocean, t he Medit erranean Sea, t he Black Sea and so on, all t he seas t hat are st able and do not flow, but t hey swell and surge in t he wint er and when t he winds are st rong, and t hey have t ides t hat ebb and flow. At t he beginning of each mont h t he t ides ebb and flood, and when t he mont h st art s t o wane t hey ret reat unt il t hey go back t o where t hey st art ed. When t he crescent of t he following mont h appears, t he t ide begins t o ebb again unt il t he fourt eent h of t he mont h, t hen it decreases. Allah, may He be glorified, t he One Whose power is absolut e, has set t hese laws in mot ion, so all of t hese seas are st at ionary, and He has made t heir wat er salt y lest t he air t urn put rid because of t hem and t he whole eart h t urn rot t en as a result , and lest t he eart h spoil because of t he animals dying on it . Because it s wat er is salt y, it s air is healt hy and it s dead are good (t o eat ), hence when t he Messenger of Allah was asked whet her sea wat er can be used for Wudu', he said:

«ヮ⊥わ∠わ∇Β∠ョ モ ぁエ ͡ ∇ャや ∩⊥ロぼ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰト ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ » (It s wat er is pure and it s dead are lawful.) This was recorded by Malik, Ash-Shafi` i and Ahmad, and by t he scholars of Sunan wit h a good ぴJayyidび chain of narrat ion.

び⇔やゲ∇イェ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔カ∠コ∇ゲよ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He has set a barrier and a complet e part it ion bet ween t hem. ) meaning, bet ween t he sweet wat er and t he salt wat er.

び⇔ゅカ∠コ∇ゲよ∠ ぴ (a barrier) means a part it ion, which is dry land.

び⇔やケヲ⊥イ∇エョｚ や⇔ゲ∇イェ ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and a complet e part it ion) means, a barrier, t o prevent one of t hem from reaching t he ot her. This is like t he Ayat :

ラ ͡ ゅ∠Βピ͡ ∇らΑ∠ Ι ｚ ォ ∀ コ∠ ∇ゲよ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ - ラ ͡ ゅ∠Βボ͡ わ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ リ ͡ ∇Αゲ∠ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぴ びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠

(He has let loose t he t wo seas meet ing t oget her. Bet ween t hem is a barrier which none of t hem can t ransgress. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) (55:19-21)

や⇔ケゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠ヰャ∠Κ ∠カ ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ケや∠ゲホ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘやモ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ リｚョぺ∠ぴ や⇔ゴ͡ィゅ∠ェ リ ͡ ∇Αゲ∠ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ∠シ ͡ や∠ヱケ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぶ ͡ や ノ∠ ョｚ ヮ∀ ⇒ャ͡￢ぺ∠ (Is not He Who has made t he eart h as a fixed abode, and has placed rivers in it s midst , and placed firm mount ains t herein, and set a barrier bet ween t he t wo seas Is t here any god wit h Allah Nay, but most of t hem know not !) (27:61)

び⇔やゲ∠ゼよ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And it is He Who has creat ed man from wat er,) means, He creat ed man from a weak Nut fah, t hen gave him shape and formed him, and complet ed his form, male and female, as He willed.

び⇔やゲ∇ヰタ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ら∠ジル∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and has appoint ed for him kindred by blood, and kindred by marriage.) in t he beginning, he is someone's child, t hen he get s married and becomes a son-in-law, t hen he himself has sons-inlaw and ot her relat ives t hrough marriage. All of t his comes from a despised liquid, Allah says:

び⇔やゲΑ͡ギホ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And your Lord is Ever All-Powerful t o do what He wills.)

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱキ⊥ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ べ∠ョヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ヰニ ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ほ∠∇シぺ∠ べ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ - や⇔ゲΑ͡グル∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲあゼら∠ ョ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ -Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ∃ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ウらあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ Ι ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヴ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや - や⇔ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠

ｚユを⊥ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ わｚ シ ͡ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや - や⇔ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇メほ∠∇シゅ∠プ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ヲわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇シや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘル⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ キ∠ や∠コヱ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡ャ ギ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ジル∠ ぺ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや (55. And t hey worship besides Allah, t hat which can neit her profit t hem nor harm t hem; and t he disbeliever is ever a helper against his Lord.) (56. And We have sent you only as a bearer of good news and a warner.) (57. Say: "No reward do I ask of you for t his, save t hat whosoever wills may t ake a pat h t o his Lord.'') (58. And put your t rust in t he Ever Living One Who dies not , and glorify His praises, and sufficient is He as t he All-Knower of t he sins of His servant s,) (59. Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is bet ween t hem in six Days. Then He rose over (Ist awa) t he Throne. The Most Gracious! Ask Him, as He is t he All-Knower.) (60. And when it is said t o t hem: "Prost rat e yourselves t o Ar-Rahman!'' They say: "And what is Ar-Rahman Shall we fall down in prost rat ion t o t hat which you command us'' And it increases in t hem only aversion.)

The Ignorance of the Idolators Allah t ells us how ignorant t he idolat ors are; inst ead of worshipping Allah, t hey worship idols which do not possess t he power eit her t o harm or benefit . They do t his wit h no evidence or proof; t he only t hing t hat led t hem t o do t his was t heir own whims and desires. So t hey t ake t hese idols as prot ect ors and fight for t heir sake, and t hey oppose Allah and His Messenger and t he believers for t heir sake. Similarly Allah says:

び⇔やゲΒ͡ヰニ ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and t he disbeliever is ever a helper against his Lord.) meaning, he is a support er of Shayt an against t he part y of Allah, but t he part y of Allah are t he ones who will prevail, as Allah says:

-ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚ∠バャｚ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲツ ∠ ∇エョｘ ∀ギレ⊥ィ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ダル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ び (And t hey have t aken besides Allah gods, hoping t hat t hey might be helped. They cannot help t hem, but t hey will be brought forward as a t roop against t hose who worshipped t hem.) (36:7475) meaning, t he gods which t hey worshipped inst ead of Allah cannot help t hem. These ignorant people are t roops for t he idols and are ready t o fight for t heir sake and prot ect t heir sanct uaries, but in t he end t he vict ory will be for Allah and His Messenger and t he believers, in t his world and t he Hereaft er.

び⇔やゲΒ͡ヰニ ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and t he disbeliever is ever a helper against his Lord. ) Muj ahid said: "He support s and helps t he Shayt an in disobedience t owards Allah.

The Messenger brings Glad Tidings and Warnings Then Allah t ells His Messenger:

び や⇔ゲΑ͡グル∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲあゼら∠ ョ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We have sent you only as a bearer of good news and a warner.) meaning, a bringer of good news t o t he believers, a warner t o t he disbelievers; bringing good news of Paradise t o t hose who obey Allah, and bringing warnings of a dreadful punishment for t hose who go against t he commandment s of Allah.

び∃ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ほ∠∇シぺ∠ べ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "No reward do I ask of you for t his...'') ` for conveying t his message and t his warning, I do not ask for any reward from your wealt h; I am only doing t his for t he sake of Allah, may He be exalt ed.'

び ユ∠ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ヨャ͡ぴ (To whomsoever among you who wills t o walk st raight ) (81:28).

び⇔ΚΒら͡ シ ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (save t hat whosoever wills, may t ake a pat h t o his Lord.) means, a way and a met hodology t o be followed.

The Command to the Messenger to put his Trust in Allah, and some of His Qualities Then Allah says:

び⊥れヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ Ι ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヴ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And put your t rust in t he Ever Living One Who dies not ,) meaning, in all your affairs, put your t rust in Allah, t he Ever-Living Who never dies, t he One Who

あモム⊥ よ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ⊥ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ ヰ͡ ⇒ｚヌャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ メ ⊥ ｚヱΙ ｘ やぴ び∀ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ (is t he First and t he Last , t he Most High and t he Most Near. And He is t he All-Knower of everyt hing) (57:3). The Et ernal, Ever-Last ing, Ever-Living, Self-Sufficient One, t he Lord and Sovereign of all t hings, t he One t o Whom you should always t urn. Allah is t he One in Whom you should put your t rust and t o Whom you should t urn for refuge, He will be sufficient for you and will be your helper and support er, and will cause you t o prevail. As Allah says:

ラ͡まヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョ ∇ヒヤあよ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ヨ⊥ ダ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠シケ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ピヤｚよ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ び͡サゅｚレャや (O Messenger! Proclaim which has been sent down t o you from your Lord. And if you do not , t hen you have not conveyed His Message. Allah will prot ect you from mankind) (5:67).

び͡ロギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ウらあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and glorify His praises,) means, combine praising Him wit h glorifying Him. Hence t he Messenger of Allah used t o say:

«ポ͡ギ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや マ ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥» (Glory be t o You, O Allah, and wit h Your praise.) So t he Ayah means: be sincere in worshipping Him and put t ing your t rust in Him. This is like t he Ayat :

ロ⊥ ∇グガ ͡ ｚゎゅ∠プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ゆ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケｚ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ (The Lord of t he east and t he west ; t here is no God but He. So t ake Him as a Trust ee.) (73:9)

び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プぴ (So worship Him and put your t rust in Him) (11:123).

びゅ∠レ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "He is t he Most Gracious, in Him we believe, and in Him we put our t rust .'') (67:29)

び⇔やゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ∠ヘ∠ミ∠ヱぴ (and sufficient is He as t he All-Knower of t he sins of His servant s) means, by His perfect knowledge not hing is hidden from Him nor can anyt hing be hidden from Him, not even a speck of dust 's weight .

び∠チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h...) means, He is t he Ever-Living Who never dies, He is t he Creat or, Sust ainer and Sovereign of all t hings, Who by His might and power creat ed t he seven heavens wit h t heir vast height and widt h, and t he seven eart hs wit h t heir great dept hs and densit y.

び͡ス∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ヲわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ わｚ シ ͡ ヶ͡プぴ (in six Days. Then He rose over t he Throne.) means, He is running all affairs and He decrees according t o t he t rut h, and He is t he best of t hose who decide.

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇メほ∠∇シゅ∠プ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ヲ∠わ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ぴ び⇔やゲΒ͡らカ ∠ (Then He rose over (Ist awa) t he Throne. The Most Gracious! Ask Him, as He is t he All-Knower.) meaning, find out about Him from one who knows most about Him, and follow him and t ake him as your example. It is known t hat t here is no one who knows more about Allah t han His servant and Messenger Muhammad , t he absolut e leader of t he sons of Adam in t his world and t he Hereaft er, who does not speak of his own desire, but conveys revelat ion revealed t o him. What he says is t rue, and he is t he leader whose decision count s; when t here is a disput e, people are obliged t o refer t o him, and what ever is in accordance wit h his words and deeds is right , and what ever goes against t hem should be rej ect ed no mat t er who says or does it . Allah says:

び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ハコ∠ ゅ∠レゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ ((And) if you differ in anyt hing among yourselves...) (4:59).

び͡ヮヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇ムエ ⊥ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(And in what soever you differ, t he decision t hereof is wit h Allah) (42:10).

び⇔Ι∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ホ∇ギタ ͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろヨｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he Word of your Lord has been fulfilled in t rut h and in j ust ice) (6: 115). meaning, He has spoken t he t rut h and is fair and j ust in His commands and prohibit ions. Allah says here:

び⇔やゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇メほ∠∇シゅ∠プぴ (Ask Him, as He is Al-Knower.)

Condemnation of the Idolators Then Allah rebukes t he idolat ors who prost rat e t o idols and rivals inst ead of Allah:

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇シや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや (And when it is said t o t hem: "Prost rat e yourselves t o Ar-Rahman!'' They say: "And what is ArRahman'') meaning: we do not know Ar-Rahman. They did not like t o call Allah by His Name ArRahman (t he Most Gracious), as t hey obj ect ed on t he day of (t he t reat y of) Al-Hudaybiyyah, when t he Prophet t old t he scribe:

«ユΒ͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ぶ ͡ や ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ∇ょわ⊥ ∇ミや» (Writ e: "In t he Name of Allah, Ar-Rahman (t he Most Gracious), Ar-Rahim (t he Most Merciful).'') They said, "We do not know Ar-Rahman or Ar-Rahim. Writ e what you used t o writ e: ` Bismika Allahumma (in Your Name, O Allah).''' So Allah revealed t he words:

∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅｚョ ゅ６Α∠ぺ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ びヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇シΙ ｘ や ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ (Say: "Invoke Allah or invoke Ar-Rahman, by what ever name you invoke Him (it is t he same), for t o Him belong t he Best Names) (17:110). meaning, He is Allah and He is t he Most Gracious. And in t his Ayah, Allah said:

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇シや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや (And when it is said t o t hem: "Prost rat e yourselves t o Ar-Rahman!'' They say: "And what is t he Ar-Rahman'') meaning: we do not know or approve of t his Name.

びゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ギ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ジル∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Shall we fall down in prost rat ion t o t hat which you command us) means, "Just because you t ell us t o''

び⇔やケヲ⊥ヘル⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ キ∠ や∠コヱ∠ ぴ (And it increases in t hem only aversion.) As for t he believers, t hey worship Allah Who is t he Most Gracious, Most Merciful, and t hey at t ribut e divinit y t o Him Alone and prost rat e t o Him. The scholars, agree t hat it is allowed and approved for t he reader and t he list ener t o prost rat e when he reaches t his ment ion of prost rat ion in Surat Al-Furqan, and Allah knows best .

モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ィヱ⊥ゲよ⊥ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぴ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡レョぁ や⇔ゲ∠ヨホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ィや∠ゲシ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ や⇔ケヲ⊥ムセ ⊥ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∠ ミｚ グｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャあ る⇔ ヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ び (61. Blessed be He Who has placed in t he heaven Al-Buruj , and has placed t herein a great lamp, and a moon giving light .) (62. And He it is Who has put t he night and t he day in succession (Khilfat an), for such who desires t o remember or desires t o show his grat it ude.)

Mentioning the Might and Power of Allah Here Allah glorifies Himself and praises t he beaut y He creat ed in t he heavens of Al-Buruj , t he giant st ars, according t o t he view of Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Abu Salih, Al-Hasan and Qat adah. This is like t he Ayah,

び∠ウΒ͡ら⇒∠ダヨ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅｚレΑｚ コ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed We have adorned t he nearest heaven wit h lamps) (67:5). Allah says:

モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ィヱ⊥ゲよ⊥ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぴ び⇔ゅィや∠ゲシ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (Blessed be He Who has placed in t he heaven Al-Buruj , and has placed t herein a great lamp,) which is t he sun which shines like a lamp, as Allah says:

び ゅ⇔ィゅｚワヱ∠ ゅ⇔ィや∠ゲシ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have made (t herein) a shining lamp) (78:13).

び⇔やゲΒ͡レョぁ や⇔ゲ∠ヨホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and a moon giving light .) means, shining and illuminat ed by t he light of somet hing else, different from t he light of t he sun, as Allah says:

び⇔やケヲ⊥ル ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢⇔ べ∠Βッ ͡ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (It is He Who made t he sun a shining t hing and t he moon as a light ) (10:5). And Allah t ells us t hat Nuh, peace be upon him, said t o his people:

- ゅ⇔ホゅ∠らデ ͡ れ ∃ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨシ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び ゅ⇔ィや∠ゲシ ͡ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ (See you not how Allah has creat ed t he seven heavens one above anot her And has made t he moon a light t herein, and made t he sun a lamp) (71:15-16). Then Allah says:

び⇔るヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He it is Who has put t he night and t he day in succession (Khilfat an),) meaning, each one comes aft er t he ot her, in a never-ending alt ernat ion. When one goes t he ot her comes, and vice versa, as Allah says:

び∠リΒ∠らも͡ へ∠キ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ゲｚガシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He has made t he sun and t he moon, bot h const ant ly pursuing t heir courses) (14:33).

びゅ⇔んΒ͡んェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ヤ⊥∇トΑ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ヴ͡ゼ∇ピΑ⊥ ぴ

(He brings t he night as a cover over t he day, seeking it rapidly) (7:54).

び∠ゲヨ∠ ボ∠ ャや ポ ∠ ケ͡ ∇ギゎ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ヰャ∠ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや Ι ∠ぴ (It is not for t he sun t o overt ake t he moon) (36:40).

び⇔やケヲ⊥ムセ ⊥ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∠ ミｚ グｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャあぴ (for such who desires t o remember or desires t o show his grat it ude.) means, He has caused t hem bot h t o follow one anot her t o show t he t imes when His servant s should worship Him. So whoever misses an act of worship during t he night can make it up during t he day, and whoever misses an act of worship during t he day can make it up during t he night . It was recorded in a Sahih Hadit h:

∠ゆヲ⊥わ∠Β͡ャ モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャゅ͡よ ロ⊥ ギ∠ Α∠ テ ⊥ジ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» ￢⊥ ヶ͡ジョ⊥ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥わΒ∠ ャ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャゅ͡よ ロ⊥ ギ∠ Α∠ テ ⊥ジ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ￢⊥ ヶ͡ジョ⊥ «モ∇Βヤｚャや (Allah spreads fort h His Hand at night for t he one who has done evil during t he day t o repent , and He spreads fort h His Hand during t he day for t he one who has done evil during t he night t o repent .) Muj ahid and Qat adah said: "Khilfat an means different , i.e., because one is dark and t he ot her is light .''

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや キ⊥ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ - ゅ⇔ョ∠Κシ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠イャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ら∠ デ ∠ ゅ∠カ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ゅ⇔ル∇ヲワ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠Βホ͡ ヱ∠ や⇔ギｚイシ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わΒ͡らΑ͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰよ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ゅｚレ∠ハ ∇フゲ͡ ∇タや ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ - ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠シ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ - ゅ⇔ョや∠ゲビ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ へ∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ び ゅ⇔ョや∠ヲホ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ (63. And t he servant s of t he Most Gracious are t hose who walk on t he eart h Hawna, and when t he foolish address t hem t hey say; "Salama.'') (64. And t hose who spend t he night in worship of

t heir Lord, prost rat e and st anding.) (65. And t hose who say: "Our Lord! Avert from us t he t orment of Hell. Verily, it s t orment is ever an inseparable, permanent punishment .'') (66. Evil indeed it is as an abode and as a place t o rest in.) (67. And t hose who, when t hey spend, are neit her ext ravagant nor st ingy, but are in a j ust balance bet ween t hem.)

Attributes of the Servants of the Most Gracious These are t he at t ribut es of t he believing servant s of Allah,

び⇔ゅル∇ヲワ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (t hose who walk on t he eart h Hawna,) meaning t hat t hey walk wit h dignit y and humilit y, not wit h arrogance and pride. This is like t he Ayah:

びゅ⇔ェゲ∠ ョ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ズ ͡ ∇ヨゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And walk not on t he eart h wit h conceit and arrogance...) (17:37). So t hese people do not walk wit h conceit or arrogance or pride. This does not mean t hat t hey should walk like sick people, making a show of t heir humilit y, for t he leader of t he sons of Adam (t he Prophet ) used t o walk as if he was coming downhill, and as if t he eart h were folded up beneat h him. What is meant here by Hawn is serenit y and dignit y, as t he Messenger of Allah said:

∩∠ラヲ∠バ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ゎ∇ほ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ り∠ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡» ∩やヲぁヤ∠ダ∠プ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ミケ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ る⊥ レ∠ Β͡ムジ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ゎ∇ぺ∠ヱ «やヲぁヨゎ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (When you come t o t he prayer, do not come rushing in hast e. Come calmly and wit h t ranquilit y, and what ever you cat ch up wit h, pray, and what ever you miss, make it up.)

び⇔ゅョ∠Κシ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠イャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ら∠ デ ∠ ゅ∠カ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and when t he foolish address t hem t hey say: "Salama.'') If t he ignorant people insult t hem wit h bad words, t hey do not respond in kind, but t hey forgive and overlook, and say not hing but good words. This is what t he Messenger of Allah did: t he more ignorant t he people, t he more pat ient he would be. This is as Allah says:

びヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ピヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ シ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t hey hear Al-Laghw (evil or vain t alk), t hey wit hdraw from it ) (28:55). Then Allah says t hat t heir night s are t he best of night s, as He says:

び ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠Βホ͡ ヱ∠ や⇔ギｚイシ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わΒ͡らΑ͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who spend t he night in worship of t heir Lord, prost rat e and st anding.) meaning, worshipping and obeying Him. This is like t he Ayat :

ゲ͡ ⇒∠エ∇シΙ ｘ ゅ͡よヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バイ ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや リあョ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ (They used t o sleep but lit t le by night . And in t he hours before dawn, t hey were asking for forgiveness) (51:17-18).

び͡ノィ ͡ ゅ∠ツヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヴ∠プゅ∠イわ∠ ゎ∠ ぴ (Their sides forsake t heir beds...) (32:16).

ケ⊥ グ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ͡もべ∠ホヱ∠ や⇔ギ͡イ⇒∠シ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ￢∠ べ∠ルや∠￢ ∀ろ͡ルゅ∠ホ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リョｚ ぺ∠ぴ びヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや (Is one who is obedient t o Allah, prost rat ing himself or st anding during t he hours of t he night , fearing t he Hereaft er and hoping for t he mercy of his Lord...) (39:9). Allah says:

ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ゅｚレ∠ハ ∇フゲ͡ ∇タや ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び ゅ⇔ョや∠ゲビ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヰよ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ (And t hose who say: "Our Lord! Avert from us t he t orment of Hell. Verily, it s t orment is ever an inseparable punishment .'') meaning, ever-present and never ending. Al-Hasan said concerning t he Ayah,

び⇔ゅョやゲ∠ ビ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヰよ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, it s t orment is ever an inseparable, permanent punishment .) Everyt hing t hat st rikes t he son of Adam, t hen disappears, does not const it ut e an inseparable, permanent punishment . The inseparable, permanent punishment is t hat which last s as long as heaven and eart h. This was also t he view of Sulayman At -Taymi.

び ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠シ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ぴ

(Evil indeed it is as an abode and as a place t o rest in.) means, how evil it looks as a place t o dwell and how evil it is as a place t o rest .

び∇やヱ⊥ゲわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ へ∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who, when t hey spend, are neit her ext ravagant nor st ingy...) They are not ext ravagant , spending more t han t hey need, nor are t hey miserly t owards t heir families, not spending enough on t heir needs. But t hey follow t he best and fairest way. The best of mat t ers are t hose which are moderat e, neit her one ext reme nor t he ot her.

び⇔ゅョや∠ヲホ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (but are in a j ust balance bet ween t hem.) This is like t he Ayah,

ゅ∠ヰ∇トジ ⊥ ∇らゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ボ͡ レ⊥ ハ ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ る⇔ ャ∠ヲ⊥ヤ∇ピョ∠ ポ ∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡テ∇ジら∠ ∇ャや ｚモミ⊥ (And let not your hand be t ied t o your neck, nor st ret ch it fort h t o it s ut most reach.)(17:29)

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ザ ∠ ∇ヘレｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ブバ∠ ⇒∠ツΑ⊥ - ゅ⇔ョゅ∠をぺ∠ ペ ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ル∇ゴΑ∠ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヰョ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ギヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒Β͡ボ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ あギら∠ Α⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ Κ ⇔ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠レジ ∠ェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ リ∠ョヱ∠ び ゅ⇔よゅわ∠ョ (68. And t hose who invoke not any ot her god along wit h Allah, nor kill such person as Allah has forbidden, except for j ust cause, nor commit illegal sexual int ercourse -- and whoever does t his shall receive At hama.) (69. The t orment will be doubled for him on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and he will abide t herein in disgrace;) (70. Except t hose who repent and believe, and do right eous deeds; for t hose, Allah will change t heir sins int o good deeds, and Allah is Oft -

Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (71. And whosoever repent s and does right eous good deeds; t hen indeed he has repent ed t o Allah Mat aba.)

The Attributes of the Servants of the Most Gracious include avoiding Shirk, Murder and Zina Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "The Messenger of Allah was asked which sin is t he most serious'' He said:

«マ∠ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ や６ギル͡ ぶ ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠» (That you appoint a rival t o Allah when He has creat ed you.) He asked, "Then what '' He said:

«マ∠バョ∠ ユ∠ バ∠ ∇トΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ る∠ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ポ ∠ ギ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ モ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠» (That you kill your child for fear t hat he may eat wit h you.) He said, "Then what '' He said:

«ポ͡ケゅ∠ィ る∠ ヤ∠Β͡ヤェ ∠ ヶ͡ルや∠ゴゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠» (That you commit adult ery wit h your neighbor's wife.) ` Abdullah said, "Then Allah revealed, confirming t hat :

び∠ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who invoke not any ot her god along wit h Allah....)'' This was also recorded by AnNasa'i, and by Al-Bukhari and Muslim. It was narrat ed t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr heard Ibn ` Abbas saying t hat some of t he people of Shirk killed a great deal and commit t ed Zina a great deal, t hen t hey came t o Muhammad and said: "What you are saying and calling people t o is good, if only you would t ell us t hat t here is a way t o expiat e for what we have done.'' Then t he Ayah:

び∠ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who invoke not any ot her god along wit h Allah...) was revealed, as was t he Ayah,

び∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "O My servant s who have t ransgressed against t hemselves!'') (39:53).

び⇔ゅョゅ∠をぺ∠ ペ ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and whoever does t his shall receive At hama.) It was recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said: "At hama is a valley in Hell.'' ` Ikrimah also said t hat At hama refers t o valleys in Hell in which t hose who commit unlawful sexual act s will be punished. This was also narrat ed from Sa` id bin

Jubayr and Muj ahid. As-Suddi said t hat At hama referred t o punishment , which is closer t o t he apparent meaning of t he Ayah. This int erpret at ion makes it int erchangeable wit h what comes next , t he Ayah:

び͡るヨ∠ ⇒Β͡ボ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ブバ∠ ⇒∠ツΑ⊥ ぴ (The t orment will be doubled for him on t he Day of Resurrect ion,) i.e., repet it ive and int ensified.

び⇔ゅルゅ∠ヰョ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ギヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and he will abide t herein in disgrace;) scorned and humiliat ed.

び⇔ゅエ͡ヤ⇒∠タ Κ ⇔ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except t hose who repent and believe, and do right eous deeds;) means, t hose who do t hese evil deeds will be punished in t he manner described,

び∠ゆゅ∠ゎ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except t hose who repent ), t hat is; t hose who repent in t his world t o Allah from all of t hose deeds, for t hen Allah will accept t heir repent ance. This is evidence t hat t he repent ance of t he murderer is accept able, and t here is no cont radict ion bet ween t his and t he Ayah in Surat AnNisa':

び⇔やギあヨバ∠ わ∠ ョぁ ゅ⇔レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇モわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever kills a believer int ent ionally) (4:93), because even t hough t his was revealed in Al-Madinah, t he meaning is general, and it could be int erpret ed t o refer t o one who does not repent , because t his Ayah st at es t hat forgiveness is only for t hose who repent . Moreover Allah says:

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ゅ∠ョ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ (Verily, Allah forgives not t hat part ners should be set up wit h Him, but He forgives except t hat t o whom He wills) (4:48). And in t he aut hent ic Sunnah, it is report ed from t he Messenger of Allah t hat t he repent ance of a murderer is accept able, as was st at ed in t he st ory of t he person who killed one hundred men and t hen repent ed, and Allah accept ed his repent ance, and ot her Hadit hs.

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠レジ ∠ェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ あギら∠ Α⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ (for t hose, Allah will change t heir sins int o good deeds, and Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Dharr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

∩͡ケゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ⇔ィヱ⊥ゲカ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡へフ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ハほ∠ャ∠ ヶあルま͡» モ ∃ィ ⊥ ゲ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔ャヲ⊥カキ⊥ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡ へ∠ヱ ∇リハ ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠らミ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ やヲぁエル∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ や∠グミ∠ ∩や∠グミ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩ゅ∠ワケ͡ ゅ∠ピタ ͡ ゅ∠ャ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩や∠グミ∠ ヱ∠ や∠グミ∠ ∩や∠グミ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩や∠グミ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇リョ͡ ゲ∠ ム͡ ∇レΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ￢∠ ゅ∠Β∇セぺ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⇔るレ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ る∃ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ «ゅ∠レヰ⊥ ワ ゅ∠ワや∠ケぺ∠ (I know t he last person who will be brought fort h from Hell, and t he last person who will ent er Paradise. A man will be brought and it will be said, "Take away his maj or sins and ask him about his minor sins.'' So it will be said t o him: "On such and such a day, you did such and such, and on such and such a day, you did such and such.'' He will say, "Yes, and he will not be able t o deny anyt hing.'' Then it will be said t o him: "For every evil deed you now have one good merit .'' He will say: "O Lord, I did t hings t hat I do not see here.'') He (Abu Dharr) said: "And t he Messenger of Allah smiled so broadly t hat his molars could be seen.'' Muslim recorded it . Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Jabir heard Makhul say, "A very old man wit h sunken eyes came and said, ` O Messenger of Allah, a man bet rayed ot hers and did immoral deeds, and t here was no evil deed which he did not do. If (his sins) were t o be dist ribut ed among t he whole of mankind, t hey would all be doomed. Is t here any repent ance for him'' The Messenger of Allah said:

«∨∠ろ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ぺ∠» (Have you become Muslim) He said, "As for me, I bear wit ness t hat t here is no God but Allah Alone, wit h no part ner or associat e, and t hat Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.'' The Prophet said:

メ ⊥ あギら∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∠マャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ∠ ∀ゲ͡プゅ∠ビ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ » «れゅ∠レジ ∠ェ ∠ マ ∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ (Allah will forgive you for what ever you have done like t hat , and will replace your evil deeds wit h good merit s.) The man said: "O Messenger of Allah, even my bet rayals and immoral act ions'' The Prophet said:

«マ⊥ゎや∠ゲイ ∠ プ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ゎ⊥ や∠ケギ∠ ビ ∠ ヱ∠ » (Even your bet rayals and immoral act ions.) "The man went away saying ` La ilaha illallah' and ` Allahu Akbar.''' Allah t ells us how His mercy ext ends t o all His creat rues, and t hat whoever among t hem repent s t o Him, He will accept his repent ance for any sin, great or small. Allah says:

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔よゅわ∠ョ (And whosoever repent s and does right eous good deeds; t hen indeed he has repent ed t o Allah Mat aba.) meaning, Allah will accept his repent ance. This is like t he Ayat :

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ユヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ͡ イ ͡ Α∠ (And whoever does evil or wrongs himself but aft erwards seeks Allah's forgiveness, he will find Allah Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful) (4:110).

び͡ロキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ る∠ よ∠ ∇ヲわｚ ャや モ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Know t hey not t hat Allah accept s repent ance from His servant s...) (9:104).

∇やヲ⊥トレ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ョ (Say: "O My servant s who have t ransgressed against t hemselves! Despair not of t he mercy of Allah.'') (39:53) - for t hose who repent t o Him.

ヲ͡ ∇ピヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヱぁゲョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ケ∠ ヱぁゴャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミあ ク⊥ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ゅ⇔ョやゲ͡ミ ∇やヱぁゲョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ゅ⇔ルゅ∠Β∇ヨハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∂ タ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヱぁゲガ ͡ Α∠ リ ∃ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ り∠ ゲｚ ホ⊥ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒ｚΑケあ ク⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ょワ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ び ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ョま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ (72. And t hose who do not bear wit ness t o falsehood, and if t hey pass by some evil play or evil t alk, t hey pass by it wit h dignit y.) (73. And t hose who, when t hey are reminded of t he Ayat of t heir Lord, fall not deaf and blind t hereat .) (74. And t hose who say: "Our Lord! Best ow on us from our wives and our offspring t he comfort of our eyes, and make us leaders of t hose who have Taqwa.'')

More Attributes of the Servants of the Most Gracious These are furt her at t ribut es of t he servant s of t he Most Gracious. They do not bear wit ness t o falsehood, including lies, immoralit y, disbelief, foul speech and false words. ` Amr bin Qays said, t his refers t o gat herings of sexual immoralit y. It was said t hat t he Ayah,

び∠ケヱぁゴャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (And t hose who do not bear wit ness t o falsehood,) refers t o giving false t est imony, which means lying deliberat ely t o someone else. It was recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Abu Bakrah said, "The Messenger of Allah said t hree t imes:

«∨͡ゲも͡ ゅ∠らム∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ら∠ ∇ミほ∠よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらル∠ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» (Shall I not t ell you of t he great est of maj or sins) We said, "Of course, O Messenger of Allah.'' The Messenger of Allah said:

«リ∇Α∠ギ͡ャや∠ヲ∇ャや ベ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ポ ⊥ ∇ゲあゼャや» (Associat ing ot hers in worship wit h Allah and disobeying one's parent s.) He was lying down, t hen he sat up and added:

«ケヱぁゴャや り⊥ ∠キゅ∠ヰ∠セ∠ヱ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∩͡ケヱぁゴャや メ ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» (Beware false speech, and bearing wit ness t o falsehood.) and he kept repeat ing it unt il we t hought , would t hat he would st op.'' From t he cont ext it seems t hat what is meant by t hose

who do not bear wit ness t o falsehood is t hose who do not at t end it or are not present when it happens. Allah says:

び⇔ゅョやゲ͡ミ ∇やヱぁゲョ∠ ヲ͡ ∇ピヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヱぁゲョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and if t hey pass by some evil play or evil t alk, t hey pass by it wit h dignit y.) They do not at t end where falsehood occurs, and if it so happens t hat t hey pass by it , t hey do not let it cont aminat e t hem in t he slight est . Allah says:

び⇔ゅョやゲ͡ミ ∇やヱぁゲョ∠ ぴ (t hey pass by it wit h dignit y.)

ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヱぁゲガ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミあ ク⊥ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び ゅ⇔ルゅ∠Β∇ヨハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∂ タ ⊥ (And t hose who, when t hey are reminded of t he Ayat of t heir Lord, fall not deaf and blind t hereat .) This is also a charact erist ic of t he believers,

∇ろΒ∠ ヤ͡ゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ミ͡ ク⊥ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ や∠コ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ び∠ラヲ⊥ヤミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ (Those who, when Allah is ment ioned, feel a fear in t heir heart s and when His Ayat are recit ed unt o t hem, t hey increase t heir fait h; and t hey put t heir t rust in t heir Lord.) (8:2) Unlike t he disbelievers. When t hey hear t he Words of Allah, t hey are not affect ed by t hem or moved t o change t heir ways. They persist in t heir disbelief, wrongdoing, ignorance and misguidance, as Allah says:

∇ユム⊥ Αぁ ぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ∀り∠ケヲ⊥シ ∇ろャ∠ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ や∠ゴプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ヮ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ や∠コ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま び∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ィケ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ィケ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ や∠ゴプ∠ ∀チ∠ゲョｚ

(And whenever t here comes down a Surah, some of t hem say: "Which of you has had his fait h increased by it '' As for t hose who believe, it has increased t heir fait h, and t hey rej oice. But as for t hose in whose heart s is a disease, it will add doubt t o t heir doubt ) (9:124-125).

び⇔ゅルゅ∠Β∇ヨハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔∂ヨタ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヱぁゲガ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぴ (fall not deaf and blind t hereat .) means, unlike t he disbelievers who, when t hey hear t he Ayat of Allah, are not moved by t hem, but cont inue as t hey are, as if t hey did not hear t hem but are deaf and blind. His saying:

ゅ∠レィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ょワ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲボ⊥ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び∃リΒ⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ り∠ ゲｚ ホ⊥ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒ｚΑケあ ク⊥ ヱ∠ (And t hose who say: "Our Lord! Best ow on us from our wives and our offspring t he comfort of our eyes...'') means t hose who ask Allah t o bring fort h from t heir loins offspring who will obey Him and worship Him and not associat e anyt hing in worship wit h Him. Ibn ` Abbas said, "This means (offspring) who will st rive t o obey Allah and bring t hem j oy in t his world and t he Hereaft er.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jubayr bin Nufayr said: "We sat wit h Al-Miqdad bin AlAswad one day, and a man passed by and said, "How blessed are t hese t wo eyes which saw t he Messenger of Allah ! Would t hat we had seen what you saw and wit nessed what you wit nessed.'' Al-Miqdad got angry, and I was surprised, because t he man had not said anyt hing but good. Then he t urned t o him and said, "What makes a man wish t o be present when Allah had caused him t o be absent , and he does not know how he would have behaved if he had been t here By Allah, t here are people who saw t he Messenger of Allah , and Allah will t hrow t hem on t heir faces in Hell because t hey did not accept him or believe in him. Are you not grat eful t hat Allah brought you fort h from your mot hers' wombs believing in your Lord and in what your Prophet brought , and t hat t he t est went t o ot hers and not t o you Allah sent His Prophet during t he most difficult t ime t hat any Prophet was ever sent , aft er a long period of ignorance, when t he people could see no bet t er religion t han t he worship of idols, and he brought t he Crit erion which dist inguishes t rut h from falsehood and which would separat e a fat her from his son. A man would realize t hat his fat her, son or brot her was a disbeliever, and since Allah had opened his heart t o Fait h, he knew t hat if his relat ive died he would go t o Hell, so he could not rest knowing t hat his loved one was in t he Fire. This is what Allah referred t o in t he Ayah,

ゅ∠レィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ょワ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び∃リΒ⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ り∠ ゲｚ ホ⊥ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒ｚΑケあ ク⊥ ヱ∠ (And t hose who say: "Our Lord! Best ow on us from our wives and our offspring t he comfort of our eyes...'') It s chain of narrat ors is Sahih, alt hough t hey did not report it .

び⇔ゅョゅ∠ョま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱぴ (and make us leaders of t hose who have Taqwa.) Ibn ` Abbas, Al-Hasan, As-Suddi, Qat adah and Rabi` bin Anas said: "Leaders who would be t aken as examples in good.'' Ot hers said: "Guides who would call ot hers t o goodness.'' They want ed t heir worship t o be connect ed t o t he worship

of t heir children and offspring, and t heir guidance t o go beyond t hemselves and benefit ot hers. This would be more rewarding and a bet t er end, as it was recorded in Sahih Muslim from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ギ∃ ャ∠ヱ∠ :ゐ ∃ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ∇リョ͡やゅｚャま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ノ∠ ト ∠ ボ∠ ∇ルや ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ⊥ ∇よや れ ∠ ゅ∠ョ や∠クま͡» ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ ∇バよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ わ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α ウ ∃ ャ͡ゅ∠タ «る∠Αケ͡ ゅ∠ィ る∃ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ (When a son of Adam dies, his deeds cease apart from t hree: a right eous child who will pray for him, knowledge from which ot hers may benefit aft er him, or ongoing charit y.)

ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ∇ヲボｚ ヤ∠Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ る∠ プ∠ ∇ゲピ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ や⇔ゲ∂ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ∇ろレ∠ ジ ⊥ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ - ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ Βｚ エ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ハキ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ や⊥ぽら∠ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ - ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョ⊥ ヱ∠ び ゅ⇔ョや∠ゴャ͡ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇よグｚ ミ∠ (75. Those will be rewarded wit h t he highest place because of t heir pat ience. Therein t hey shall be met wit h greet ings and t he word of peace and respect .) (76. Abiding t herein -excellent it is as an abode, and as a place t o rest in.) (77. Say: "My Lord pays at t ent ion t o you only because of your invocat ion t o Him. But now you have indeed denied. So t he t orment will be yours forever.'')

The Reward of the Servants of the Most Gracious, and a Warning to the People of Makkah Aft er ment ioning t he beaut iful at t ribut es of His believing servant s, and t heir fine words and deeds, Allah t hen says:

び∠マゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (Those) meaning, t he people who are described in t his manner,

び∠ラ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ ぴ (will be rewarded) on t he Day of Resurrect ion,

び∠る∠プ∇ゲピ⊥ ∇ャやぴ (wit h t he highest place), which is Paradise. Abu Ja` far Al-Baqir, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Ad-Dahhak and As-Suddi said, "It was so called because of it s elevat ion.''

び∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ぴ (because of t heir pat ience.) means, t heir pat ience in doing what t hey did.

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ∇ヲボｚ ヤ∠Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (Therein t hey shall be met ) means, in Paradise.

び⇔ゅヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ Βｚ エ ͡ ゎ∠ ぴ (wit h greet ings and t he word of peace and respect .) This means t hat t hey will be greet ed first wit h words of welcome and honor. Peace will be t heirs and t hey will be wished peace. And angels shall ent er unt o t hem from every gat e, saying, "Peace be upon you for t hat you persevered in pat ience! Excellent indeed is t he final home!''

びべ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カぴ (Abiding t herein) means, t hey will set t le t here and never leave or move or die, t hey will never exit or wish t o move t o somewhere else. This is like t he Ayah,

ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡ヘプ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ͡バシ ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ろ ͡ ョ∠ や∠キ (And t hose who are blessed, t hey will be in Paradise, abiding t herein for all t he t ime t hat t he heavens and t he eart h endure) (11:108).

び⇔ゅョゅ∠ボョ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ∇ろレ∠ ジ ⊥ェ ∠ぴ (excellent it is as an abode, and as a place t o rest in.) It s appearance is beaut iful and it is a good place in which t o rest and t o dwell. Then Allah says:

びヴあよケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ や⊥ぽ∠ら∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ

(Say: "My Lord pays at t ent ion t o you only because of your invocat ion t o Him...'') meaning, He would not care t o pay at t ent ion t o you if you did not worship Him, for He only creat ed mankind t o worship Him Alone and t o glorify Him morning and evening. His saying:

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇よグｚ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (But now you have indeed denied. ) "O you disbelievers.''

び⇔ゅョや∠ゴャ͡ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So t he t orment will be yours forever.) So your denial will remain wit h you forever, i.e., it will lead t o your punishment , doom and dest ruct ion in t his world and t he Hereaft er. This also refers t o t he day of Badr, as it was int erpret ed by ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud, Ubayy bin Ka` b, Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi, Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah, As-Suddi and ot hers.

び⇔ゅョや∠ゴャ͡ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So t he t orment will be yours forever.) Al-Hasan Al-Basri said: "The Day of Resurrect ion.'' And t here is no conflict bet ween t he t wo int erpret at ions. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat AlFurqan, all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Ash-Shu` ara (Chapter - 26) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

∀ノ͡ガ⇒∠よ マ ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ - リ ͡ Β͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ - ユジデぴ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇メゴあ レ∠ ル⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ ルｚ ラ͡ま - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヘルｚ -リ ∠ Β͡バツ ͡ ⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ろヤｚヌ ∠ プ∠ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゐ ∃ ギ∠ ∇エョ⊥ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゲ∃ ∇ミク͡ リあョ ユ͡ヰΒ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ や⊥ぽ⇒∠らル∠ぺ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΒ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ - ∠リΒ͡ッ͡ゲ∇バョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ユ∃ Α͡ゲミ∠ ァ ∃ ∇ヱコ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇わら∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ユミ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ る⇔ Α∠ Ε ∠ び ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや (1. Ta Sin Mim.) (2. These are Ayat of t he Book Mubin.) (3. It may be t hat you are going Bakhi` yourself, t hat t hey do not become believers.) (4. If We will, We could send down t o t hem from t he heaven a sign, t o which t hey would bend t heir necks in humilit y.) (5. And never comes t here unt o t hem a Reminder as a recent revelat ion from t he Most Gracious, but t hey t urn away t herefrom.) (6. So, t hey have indeed denied, t hen t he news of what t hey mocked at will come t o t hem.) (7. Do t hey not observe t he eart h -- how much of every good kind We cause t o grow t herein) (8. Verily, in t his is an Ayah, yet most of t hem are not believers.) (9. And verily your Lord, He is t ruly t he All-Might y, t he Most Merciful.)

The Qur'an and the Disbelievers turning away; They could be compelled t o believe if Allah so willed At t he beginning of t he explanat ion of Surat Al-Baqarah we discussed t he let t ers which appear at t he beginning of some Surahs. Allah's saying:

び͡リΒ͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや れ ⊥ ゅ∠Αや￢ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ (These are t he Ayat of t he Book Mubin.) means, t hese are t he verses of t he Clear Qur'an, i.e. t he clear and unambiguous Book which dist inguishes bet ween t rut h and falsehood, misguidance and guidance.

び∠マジ ∠ ∇ヘルｚ ∀ノ͡ガ⇒∠よ マ ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (It may be t hat you are going Bakhi` yourself ,) means, dest roy yourself -- because of your keenness t hat t hey should be guided and your grief for t hem.

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ぴ (t hat t hey do not become believers.) Here Allah is consoling His Messenger for t he lack of fait h of t hose among t he disbelievers who do not believe in him. This is like t he Ayat :

び∃れゲ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ジ ⊥ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ょワ∠ ∇グゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So dest roy not yourself in sorrow for t hem) (35:8).

∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡ま ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠をや∠￢ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヘルｚ ∀ノ͡ガ⇒∠よ マ ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔ヘ∠シぺ∠ ゑ ͡ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ (Perhaps, you would Bakhi` yourself, over t heir foot st eps, because t hey believe not in t his narrat ion) (18:6). Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Qat adah, ` At iyyah, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan and ot hers said t hat :

び∠マジ ∠ ∇ヘルｚ ∀ノ͡ガ⇒∠よ マ ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (It may be t hat you are going Bakhi` yourself ,) means, ` kill yourself.' Then Allah says:

∇ろヤｚヌ ∠ プ∠ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇メゴあ レ∠ ル⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ ルｚ ラ͡まぴ びリ ∠ Β͡バツ ͡ ⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠ (If We will, We could send down t o t hem from t he heaven a sign, t o which t hey would bend t heir necks in humilit y.) meaning, ` if We so willed, We could send down a sign t hat would force t hem t o believe, but We will not do t hat because We do not want anyone t o believe except by choice.' Allah says:

∇ユヰ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ リ ∠ ョ∠ Γ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ロ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ムゎ⊥ ろ ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ (And had your Lord willed, t hose on eart h would have believed, all of t hem t oget her. So, will you t hen compel mankind, unt il t hey become believers.) (10:99)

び⇔りギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや モ ∠ バ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And if your Lord had so willed, He could surely, have made mankind one Ummah...) (11:118) But Allah's will has act ed, His decree has come t o pass, and His proof has been conveyed t o mankind by mission of Messengers and t he revelat ion of Books t o t hem. Then Allah says:

Ι ｚ ま͡ ゐ ∃ ギ∠ ∇エョ⊥ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゲ∃ ∇ミク͡ リあョ ユ͡ヰΒ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ∠リΒ͡ッ͡ゲ∇バョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ (And never comes t here unt o t hem a Reminder as a recent revelat ion from t he Most Gracious, but t hey t urn away t herefrom.) meaning, every t ime a Script ure comes from heaven t o t hem, most of t he people t urn away from it . As Allah says:

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ ろ ∠ ∇タゲ∠ ェ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And most of mankind will not believe even if you desire it eagerly.) (12:103)

Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ジエ ∠ Αぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ (Alas for mankind! There never came a Messenger t o t hem but t hey used t o mock at him.) (36:30)

ゅ∠ヰャ⊥ヲ⊥シケｚ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅョ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ン∠ゲ∇わゎ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び⊥ロヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ (Then We sent Our Messengers in succession. Every t ime t here came t o a nat ion t heir Messenger, t hey denied him...) (23:44). Allah says here:

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ や⊥ぽ⇒∠らル∠ぺ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΒ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (So, t hey have indeed denied, t hen t he news of what t hey mocked at will come t o t hem.) meaning, t hey denied t he t rut h t hat came t o t hem, so t hey will come t o know t he news of t he consequences of t his denial aft er a while.

び∠ラヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Α ょ ∃ ヤ∠ボ∠ レ⊥ョ ン ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇ユヤ∠∇バΒ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hose who do wrong will come t o know by what overt urning t hey will be overt urned) (26:227). Then Allah t ells t hose who dared t o oppose His Messenger and disbelieve in His Book, t hat He is t he Subduer, t he Almight y, t he All-Powerful, Who creat ed t he eart h and caused every good kind of crop, fruit and animal t o grow t herein. Sufyan At h-Thawri narrat ed from a man from Ash-Sha` bi t hat people are a product of t he eart h. So whoever ent ers Paradise is good and noble, and whoever ent ers Hell is base and vile.

び⇔るΑ∠ Γ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t his is an Ayah,) meaning an evidence of t he power of t he Creat or of all t hings. He spread out t he eart h and raised t he canopy of t he heavens, yet despit e t hat t he maj orit y of people do not believe, rat her t hey deny Him, His Messengers, and His Books, and t hey go against His commands doing t he t hings He had prohibit ed. His saying:

び⊥ゴΑ͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily your Lord, He is t ruly t he All-Might y,) means, t he One Who has power over all t hings, t o subdue and cont rol t hem,

び͡ユΒ͡ェゲｚ ャやぴ (t he Most Merciful. ) means, t owards His creat ion, for He does not hast en t o punish t he one who sins, but He gives him t ime t o repent , and if he does not , t hen He seizes him wit h a might y punishment . Abu Al-` Aliyah, Qat adah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and Ibn Ishaq said: "He is Almight y in His punishment of t hose who went against His commands and worshipped ot hers besides Him.'' Sa` id bin Jubayr said: "He is Most Merciful t owards t hose who repent t o Him and t urn t o Him.''

-リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇もや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ン∠キゅ∠ル ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ラ∠ぺ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ Ι∠ぺ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ͡ルゅ∠ジャ͡ ペ ⊥ ヤ͡ト ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ン͡ケ∇ギタ ∠ ペ ⊥ Β͡ツΑ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カほ∠プ∠ ∀ょル∠ク ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇モシ ͡ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゅ∠ら∠ワ∇クゅ∠プ Κ ｚ ミ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅｚル͡ま Ιヲ⊥ボプ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ゅ∠Β͡ゎ∇ほ∠プ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ジョぁ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠レバ∠ ョ∠ ∇モシ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや -リ ∠ Β͡レシ ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ヨ⊥ ハ ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レΒ͡プ ろ ∠ ∇んら͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡ャヱ∠ ゅ∠レΒ͡プ マ ∠ よあ ゲ∠ ル⊥ -リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや マ ∠ わ∠ ヤ∠∇バプ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ れ ⊥ ∇ケゲ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Βあャべｚツャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ク͡ま べ∠ヰわ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡レヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ムェ ⊥ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ͡ャ ょ ∠ ワ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヘカ ͡ ゅｚヨャ∠ れ ｚ ギｚらハ ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰレぁ ヨ⊥ ゎ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや びモ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠

(10. And (remember) when your Lord called Musa (saying): "Go t o t he people who are wrongdoers.'') (11. "The people of Fira` wn. Will t hey not have Taqwa'') (12. He said: "My Lord! Verily, I fear t hat t hey will deny me,'') (13. "And my breast st rait ens, and my t ongue expresses not well. So send for Harun.'') (14. "And t hey have a charge of crime against me, and I fear t hey will kill me. '') (15. (Allah) said: "Nay! Go you bot h wit h Our signs. Verily, We shall be wit h you, list ening.'') (16. "And go bot h of you t o Fira` wn, and say: ` We are t he Messengers of t he Lord of Al-` Alamin,') (17. ` So allow t he Children of Israel t o go wit h us.''') (18. (Fir` awn) said (t o Musa): "Did we not bring you up among us as a child And you did dwell many years of your life wit h us.'') (19. "And you did your deed, which you did. While you were one of t he ingrat es.'') (20. Musa said: "I did it t hen, when I was in error.'') (21. "So, I fled from you when I feared you. But my Lord has grant ed me Hukm, and made me one of t he Messengers.'') (22. "And t his is t he past favor wit h which you reproach me, -- t hat you have enslaved t he Children of Israel.'')

Between Musa and Fir` awn Allah t ells us what He commanded His servant , son of ` Imran and Messenger Musa, peace be upon him, who spoke wit h Him, t o do, when He called him from t he right side of t he mount ain, and conversed wit h him, and chose him, sent him, and commanded him t o go t o Fir` awn and his people. Allah says:

-リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇もや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ン∠キゅ∠ル ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ラ∠ぺ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ Ι∠ぺ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ͡ルゅ∠ジャ͡ ペ ⊥ ヤ͡ト ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ン͡ケ∇ギタ ∠ ペ ⊥ Β͡ツΑ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カほ∠プ∠ ∀ょル∠ク ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇モシ ͡ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ びラ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ (And when your Lord called Musa: "Go t o t he people who are wrongdoers. The people of Fir` awn. Will t hey not have Taqwa'' He said: "My Lord! Verily, I fear t hat t hey will deny me, And my breast st rait ens, and my t ongue expresses not well. So send for Harun. And t hey have a charge of crime against me, and I fear t hey will kill me.'') So, Musa asked Allah t o remove t hese difficult ies for him, as he said in Surah Ta Ha:

ン͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゲジ あ Α∠ ヱ∠ - ン͡ケ∇ギタ ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゥゲ∠ ∇セや ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び (Musa said: "O my Lord! Open for me my chest . And ease my t ask for me.'') (20:25-26) unt il:

びヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ マ ∠ ャ∠∇ぽシ ⊥ ろ ∠ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ

(You are grant ed your request , O Musa!) (20:36)

びラ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カほ∠プ∠ ∀ょルク∠ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey have a charge of crime against me, and I fear t hey will kill me.) because he had killed t hat Egypt ian, which was t he reason t hat he left t he land of Egypt .

びｚΚミ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ((Allah) said: "Nay!...'') Allah t old him: do not be afraid of anyt hing like t hat . This is like t he Ayah,

び⇔ゅレ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ∠ャ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ Β͡カほ∠よ͡ ポ ∠ ギ∠ ツ ⊥ ハ ∠ ギぁ ゼ ⊥ レ∠ シ ∠ぴ (Allah said: "We will st rengt hen your arm t hrough your brot her, and give you bot h power) meaning, proof;

ゅ∠ヨム⊥ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∇⇒よ͡ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤダ ͡ Α∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥らヤ͡⇒∠ピ∇ャや (so t hey shall not be able t o harm you, wit h Our signs, you t wo as well as t hose who follow you will be t he vict ors) (28:35),

び∠ラヲ⊥バヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ジョぁ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゅ∠ら∠ワ∇クゅ∠プぴ (Go you bot h wit h Our signs. Verily, We shall be wit h you, list ening.) This is like t he Ayah,

びン∠ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇シぺ∠ べ∠ヨム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヴ͡レルｚ ま͡ぴ (I am wit h you bot h, hearing and seeing) (20:46). Meaning, ` I will be wit h you by My prot ect ion, care, support and help.'

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅｚル͡ま Ιヲ⊥ボプ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ゅ∠Β͡ゎ∇ほ∠プぴ (And go bot h of you t o Fir` awn, and say: ` We are t he Messengers of t he Lord of t he all t hat exist s.') This is like t he Ayah,

び∠マよあ ケ∠ Ι ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ

(Verily, we are bot h Messengers of your Lord) (20:47). which means, ` bot h of us have been sent t o you,'

びモ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠レバ∠ ョ∠ ∇モシ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ぴ (So allow t he Children of Israel t o go wit h us.) Meaning, ` let t hem go, free t hem from your capt ivit y, subj ugat ion and t ort ure, for t hey are t he believing servant s of Allah, devot ed t o Him, and wit h you t hey are in a posit ion of humiliat ing t ort ure.' When Musa said t hat t o him, Fir` awn t urned away and ignored him complet ely, regarding him wit h scorn and t hinking lit t le of him. Saying:

び⇔やギΒ͡ャ∠ヱ ゅ∠レΒ͡プ マ ∠ よあ ゲ∠ ル⊥ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Did we not bring you up among us as a child) meaning, we brought you up among us, in our home and on our bed, we nourished you and did favors for you for many years, and aft er all t hat you responded t o our kindness in t his manner: you killed one of our men and denied our favors t o you.' So he said t o him:

び∠リΑ͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (While you were one of t he ingrat es.) meaning, one of t hose who deny favors. This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam, and was t he view favored by Ibn Jarir.

び⇔やク͡ま べ∠ヰわ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ((Musa) said: "I did it t hen...'') meaning, at t hat t ime,

び∠リΒあャべｚツャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (when I was in error.) meaning, ` before revelat ion was sent t o me and before Allah made me a Prophet and sent me wit h t his Message.'

ゅ⇔ヨ∇ムェ ⊥ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ͡ャ ょ ∠ ワ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヘカ ͡ ゅｚヨ∠ャ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ れ ⊥ ∇ケゲ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡レヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ (So, I fled from you when I feared you. But my Lord has grant ed me Hukm, and made me one of t he Messengers.) means, ` t he first sit uat ion came t o an end and anot her t ook it s place. Now Allah has sent me t o you, and if you obey Him, you will be safe, but if you oppose Him, you will be dest royed.' Then Musa said:

びモ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ れ ｚ ギｚらハ ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰレぁ ヨ⊥ ゎ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t his is t he past favor wit h which you reproach me, -- t hat you have enslaved t he Children of Israel.) meaning, ` what ever favors you did in bringing me up are offset by t he evil you did by enslaving t he Children of Israel and using t hem t o do your hard labor. Is t here any comparison bet ween your favors t o one man among t hem and t he evil you have done t o all of t hem What you have ment ioned about me is not hing compared t o what you have done t o t hem.'

ゆ ぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ リ ∠ Β͡レホ͡ ヲぁョ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま べ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ も͡ べ∠よや∠￢ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゆ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ∀ラヲ⊥レ∇イヨ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま べ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ (23. Fir` awn said: "And what is t he Lord of Al-` Alamin'') (24. (Musa) said: "The Lord of t he heavens and t he eart h, and all t hat is bet ween t hem, if you seek t o be convinced wit h cert aint y.'') (25. (Fir` awn) said t o t hose around: "Do you not hear (what he says)'') (26. (Musa) said: "Your Lord and t he Lord of your ancient fat hers!'') (27. (Fir` awn) said: "Verily, your Messenger who has been sent t o you is a madman!'') (28. (Musa) said: "Lord of t he east and t he west , and all t hat is bet ween t hem, if you did but underst and!'')

Allah tells us about the disbelief, rebellion, oppression and denial of Fir` awn, as He says:

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ((Fir` awn said:) "And what is t he Lord of t he ` Alamin'') This is because he used t o say t o his people:

びン͡ゲ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (I know not t hat you have a god ot her t han me.) (28:28)

び⊥ロヲ⊥ハゅ∠デほ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ブ ｚ ガ ∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ (Thus he fooled his people, and t hey obeyed him.) (43:54) They used t o deny t he Creat or, may He be glorified, and t hey believed t hat t hey had no ot her lord t han Fir` awn. When Musa said t o t hem: "I am t he Messenger of t he Lord of t he worlds,'' Fir` awn said t o him, "Who is t his who you are claiming is t he Lord of Al-` Alamin ot her t han me'' This is how it was int erpret ed by t he scholars of t he Salaf and t he Imams of lat er generat ions. As-Suddi said, "This Ayah is like t he Ayah,

ヴ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よぁ ケｚ リ∠ヨプ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び ン∠ギ∠ワ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ￢∃ ヴ∠セ ｚモミ⊥ ((Fir` awn) said: "Who t hen, O Musa, is t he Lord of you t wo'' He said: "Our Lord is He Who gave t o each t hing it s form and nat ure, t hen guided it aright .'') (20:49-50) Those among t he philosophers and ot hers who claimed t hat t his was a quest ion about t he nat ure or subst ance ぴof Allahび are mist aken. Fir` awn did not believe in t he Creat or in t he first place, so he was in no posit ion t o ask about t he nat ure of t he Creat or; he denied t hat t he Creat or exist ed at all, as is apparent from t he meaning, even t hough proof and evidence had been est ablished against him. When Fir` awn asked him about t he Lord of Al-` Alamin, Musa said:

びべ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ((Musa) said: "The Lord of t he heavens and t he eart h, and all t hat is bet ween t hem...'') meaning, t he Creat or, Sovereign and Cont roller of all t hat , t heir God Who has no part ner or associat e. He is t he One Who has creat ed all t hings. He knows t he higher realms and t he heavenly bodies t hat are in t hem, bot h t hose t hat are st at ionary and t hose t hat move and shine bright ly. He knows t he lower realms and what is in t hem; t he oceans, cont inent s, mount ains, t rees, animals, plant s and fruit s. He knows what is in bet ween t he t wo realms; t he winds, birds, and what ever is in t he air. All of t hem are servant s t o Him, submit t ing and humbling t hemselves before Him.

び∠リΒ͡レホ͡ ヲぁョ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まぴ (if you seek t o be convinced wit h cert aint y. ) means, if you have believing heart s and clear insight . At t his, Fir` awn t urned t o t he chiefs and leaders of his st at e around him, and said t o t hem -- mockingly expressing his disbelief in Musa:

び∠ラヲ⊥バヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ("Do you not hear'') meaning, ` are you not amazed by what t his man is claiming -- t hat you have anot her god ot her t han me' Musa said t o t hem:

び∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ も͡ べ∠よや∠￢ ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ぴ

(Your Lord and t he Lord of your ancient fat hers!) meaning, t he One Who creat ed you and your forefat hers, t hose who came before Fir` awn and his t ime.

び∠メゅ∠ホぴ (He said) t hat is, Fir` awn said:

び∀ラヲ⊥レ∇イヨ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, your Messenger who has been sent t o you is a madman!) meaning, t here is no sense in his claim t hat t here is any god ot her t han me!'

び∠メゅ∠ホぴ ((Musa) said) -- t o t hose in whose heart s Fir` awn had plant ed doubt s:

∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま べ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゆ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ (Lord of t he east and t he west , and all t hat is bet ween t hem, if you did but underst and!) ` He is t he One Who made t he east t he place where t he heavenly bodies rise, and made t he west t he place where t hey set ; t his is t he syst em t o which He has subj ugat ed all t he heavenly bodies, st at ionary and moving. If what Fir` awn claims is t rue, t hat he is your lord and your god, t hen let him t urn t hings around so t hat t he heavenly bodies set in t he east and rise in t he west .' This is similar t o t he Ayah,

∇クま͡ マ ∠ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ゎへ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ͡ ヴ͡プ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ァ ｚ べ∠ェ ン͡グャｚやぴ ヴ ͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ろ ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヶ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ ∠ ョ͡ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ろ ⊥ Β͡ョぺ⊥ヱ∠ び͡ゆゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほプ∠ ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや (who disput ed wit h Ibrahim about his Lord, because Allah had given him t he kingdom When Ibrahim said: "My Lord is He Who gives life and causes deat h.'' He said, "I give life and cause deat h.'' Ibrahim said, "Verily, Allah brings t he sun from t he east . So cause it t o rise from t he west .'') (2:258) So when Fir` awn was defeat ed in debat e, he resort ed t o t he use of his force and power, believing t hat t his would be effect ive in dealing wit h Musa, peace be upon him, so he said, as Allah t ells us:

リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ レｚ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇ィΕ ∠ ン͡ゲ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ れ ∠ ∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ゃ͡ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ￢∃ ヴ∠ゼよ͡ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡ルヲ⊥イ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ダハ ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇ャほ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ よ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほプ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ツ∇Βよ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ Α∠ ネ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ラゅ∠ら∇バを⊥ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ゲ͡エ⇒∠ジ∠ャ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ Θ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ͡ ⇒ｚレヤ͡ャ や∠クゅ∠ヨプ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇エジ ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ッ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ リ ͡ も͡ へ∠ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ゑバ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ ロ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ヮィ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ び ユ∃ Β͡ヤハ ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚエシ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲゼ ͡ ⇒∠ェ (29. He said: "If you choose a god ot her t han me, I will cert ainly put you among t he prisoners.'') (30. He said: "Even if I bring you somet hing manifest '') (31. He said: "Bring it fort h t hen, if you are of t he t rut hful!'') (32. So he t hrew his st ick, and behold, it was a serpent , manifest .) (33. And he drew out his hand, and behold, it was whit e t o all beholders!) (34. He said t o t he chiefs around him: "Verily, t his is indeed a well-versed sorcerer.'') (35. "He want s t o drive you out of your land by his sorcery: what is it t hen t hat you command'') (36. They said: "Put him off and his brot her (for a while), and send callers t o t he cit ies;'') (37. "To bring up t o you every wellversed sorcerer.'')

After the Rational Proof, Fir` awn resorts to Force When proof had been est ablished against Fir` awn, clearly and rat ionally, he resort ed t o using force against Musa, t hinking t hat aft er t his t here would no furt her room for discussion. So he said:

リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ レｚヤ∠バ∠ ∇ィΕ ∠ ン͡ゲ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ れ ∠ ∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ゃ͡ ャ∠ぴ び∠リΒ͡ルヲ⊥イ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや (If you choose a god ot her t han me, I will cert ainly put you among t he prisoners.) To t his, Musa responded:

び∃リΒ͡らョぁ ￢∃ ヴ∠ゼよ͡ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ

(Even if I bring you somet hing manifest ) meaning, clear and definit ive proof.

ヴ∠ボ∇ャほ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ よ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほプ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ラゅ∠ら∇バを⊥ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ダハ ∠ (Fir` awn said: "Bring it fort h t hen, if you are of t he t rut hful!'' So he t hrew his st ick, and behold, it was a serpent , manifest .) meanig, it was very clear and obvious, wit h a huge body and a big mout h, t errifying in appearance.

び⊥ロギ∠ Α∠ ネ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And he drew out his hand,) meaning, from his sleeve,

び∠リΑ͡ゲヌ ͡ ⇒ｚレヤ͡ャ ￢⊥ べ∠ツ∇Βよ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (and behold, it was whit e t o all beholders!) It was shining like a piece of t he moon. Since Fir` awn was already doomed, he hast ened t o st ubborn denial, and said t o t he chiefs around him:

び∀ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ∀ゲ͡エ⇒∠ジ∠ャ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t his is indeed a well-versed sorcerer.) One who knows a great deal of magic or wit chcraft . Fir` awn was t rying t o convince t hem t hat t his was sorcery, not a miracle. Then he provoked t hem against Musa, t rying t o make t hem oppose him and disbelieve in him, and said:

び͡ロゲ͡ ∇エジ ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ッ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ぴ (He want s t o drive you out of your land by his sorcery...) meaning, ` he want s t o capt ure t he people's heart s and win t hem over by doing t his, so t hat t hey will support him, and help him and follow him, and he will defeat you in your own land and t ake t he land from you. So advise me, what should I do wit h him'

リ ∠ Α͡ゲゼ ͡ ⇒∠ェ リ ͡ も͡ へ∠ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ゑバ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ ロ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ヮィ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ び ユ∃ Β͡ヤハ ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚエシ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ (They said: "Put him off and his brot her, and send callers t o t he cit ies; t o bring up t o you every well-versed sorcerer.'') meaning, ` delay him and his brot her unt il you gat her t oget her all t he sorcerers from every cit y and region of your kingdom so t hat t hey may confront him and produce somet hing like he produces, t hen you will defeat him and have t he vict ory.' So Fir` awn did as t hey suggest ed, which is what Allah decreed would happen t o t hem, so t hat all t he

people would gat her in one place and t he signs and proof of Allah would be made manifest before t hem all in one day.

サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ - ュ∃ ヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ボΒ͡ヨャ͡ り⊥ ゲ∠ エ ∠ジ ｚ ャや ノ∠ ヨ͡ イ ⊥ プ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま り∠ ゲ∠ エ ∠ジ ｚ ャや ノ⊥ ら͡ わｚ ル∠ ゅ∠レヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ͡ わ∠ ∇イョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇モワ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ り⊥ ゲ∠ エ ∠ジ ｚ ャや ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡らヤ͡⇒∠ピ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡らヤ͡⇒∠ピ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ラ͡ま や⇔ゲ∇ィΙ ∂ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ラ ｚ ま͡ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ャぺ∠ ヴ∠シヲぁョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡よゲｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャｚ や⇔ク͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Βｚ ダ ͡ ハ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠らェ ͡ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャほ∠プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇ヤョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ボ∇ャほ∠プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡⇒∠ピ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇エレ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ラ ∠ ヲ∠ハ∇ゲプ͡ り͡ ゴｚ バ͡ よ͡ り⊥ ゲ∠ エ ∠ジ ｚ ャや ヴ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャほ⊥プ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ム͡プ∇ほ∠Α ゅ∠ョ ブ ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヤゎ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ダハ ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゆ あ ケ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ へ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Α͡ギイ ͡ ⇒∠シ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワヱ∠ (38. So, t he sorcerers were assembled at a fixed t ime on a day appoint ed.) (39. And it was said t o t he people: "Are you (t oo) going t o assemble'') (40. "That we may follow t he sorcerers if t hey are t he winners.'') (41. So, when t he sorcerers arrived, t hey said t o Fir` awn: "Will t here surely be a reward for us if we are t he winners'') (42. He said: "Yes, and you shall t hen verily be of t hose brought near (t o myself).'') (43. Musa said t o t hem: "Throw what you are going t o t hrow!'') (44. So, t hey t hrew t heir ropes and t heir st icks, and said: "By t he might of Fir` awn, it is we who will cert ainly win!'') (45. Then Musa t hrew his st ick, and behold, it swallowed up all t hat t hey falsely showed!) (46. And t he sorcerers fell down prost rat e.) (47. Saying: "We believe in t he Lord of Al-` Alamin.'') (48. "The Lord of Musa and Harun.'')

Between Musa, peace be upon him, and the Sorcerers Allah describes the actual encounter between Musa, peace be upon him, and the Egyptians in Surat Al-A` raf, Surah Ta Ha, and in this Surah. The Egypt ians want ed t o ext inguish t he Light of Allah wit h t heir words, but Allah insist ed t hat His Light should prevail even t hough t he disbelievers disliked t hat . This is t he issue of disbelief and fait h; t hey never confront one anot her but fait h always prevails:

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ピ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ギΒ∠ プ∠ モ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ フ ⊥ グ͡ ∇ボル∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ モ ⊥ ∇Αヲ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∀ペ͡ワや∠コ (Nay, We fling t he t rut h against t he falsehood, so it dest roys it , and behold, it disappears. And woe t o you for t hat which you ascribe.) (21:18)

び⊥モ͡ト⇒∠ら∇ャや ペ ∠ ワ∠ コ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And say: "Trut h has come and falsehood has vanished.'') (17:81) The sorcerers of Egypt were t he most skilled in t he art of illusion, but when a huge group of t hem gat hered from all corners of t he land, and t he people came t oget her on t hat day whose exact numbers are known t o Allah Alone, one of t hem said:

びリ ∠ Β͡らヤ͡⇒∠ピ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま り∠ ゲ∠ エ ∠ジ ｚ ャや ノ⊥ ら͡ わｚ ル∠ ゅ∠レヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (That we may follow t he sorcerers if t hey are t he winners.) They did not say: ` we will follow t he t rut h, whet her it rest s wit h t he sorcerers or wit h Musa;' t he people were followers of t he religion of t heir king.

び⊥りゲ∠ エ ∠ジ ｚ ャや ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (So, when t he sorcerers arrived,) means, when t hey reached t he court of Fir` awn, and a pavilion had been erect ed for him. There he gat hered his servant s, followers, administ rat ors, and provincial leaders, and t he soldiers of his kingdom. The sorcerers st ood before Fir` awn, asking him t o t reat t hem well and bring t hem closer t o him if t hey prevailed in t his mat t er which he had brought t hem t oget her for. They said:

や⇔ゲ∇ィΙ ∂ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ラ ｚ ま͡ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ り⊥ ゲ∠ エ ∠ジ ｚ ャや ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャｚ や⇔ク͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡らヤ͡⇒∠ピ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ラ͡ま びリ ∠ Β͡よゲｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ("Will t here surely be a reward for us if we are t he winners'' He said: "Yes, and you shall t hen verily be of t hose brought near.'') meaning, ` and you will be given more t han what you are asking for; I will make you among t hose who are close t o me, t hose who sit wit h me.' So t hey went back t o t heir places:

メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムルｚ ラ∠ぺ べｚョま͡ヱ∠ ヴ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ヤゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ べｚョま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ び∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇モよ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ (They said: "O Musa! Eit her you t hrow first or we be t he first t o t hrow'' (Musa) said: "Nay, t hrow you (first )!'') (20:65-66). Here t he incident is described more briefly. Musa said t o t hem:

∇ユヰ⊥ Βｚ ダ ͡ ハ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠らェ ͡ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャほ∠ヘ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇ヤョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ャぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡⇒∠ピ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇エレ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ラ ∠ ヲ∠ハ∇ゲプ͡ り͡ ゴｚ バ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ("Throw what you are going t o t hrow!'' So, t hey t hrew t heir ropes and t heir st icks, and said: "By t he might of Fir` awn, it is we who will cert ainly win!'') This is what t he ignorant masses say when t hey do somet hing: ` t his is by t he virt ue of So-and-so!' In Surat Al-A` raf Allah ment ioned t hat t hey:

ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇ゲわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲエ ∠シ ∠ぴ び∃ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ゲ∃ ∇エジ ͡ よ͡ (They bewit ched t he eyes of t he people, and st ruck t error int o t hem, and t hey displayed a great magic) (7:116). And in Surah Ta Ha He said:

∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇エシ ͡ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ⊥ ｚΒガ ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ Βぁ ダ ͡ ハ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠らェ ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ びヴ∠バ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ぺ∠ (Then behold! t heir ropes and t heir st icks, by t heir magic, appeared t o him as t hough t hey moved fast .) unt il Allah saying:

びヴ∠ゎぺ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ゲ⊥ エ ͡ ⇒ｚジャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t he magician will never be successful, what ever t he amount (of skill) he may at t ain) (20:69). And here Allah says:

び ∠ラヲ⊥ム͡プ∇ほ∠Α ゅ∠ョ ブ ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヤゎ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ダハ ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ボ∇ャ∠ほ∠プぴ (Then Musa t hrew his st ick, and behold, it swallowed up all t hat t hey falsely showed!) by snat ching up and cat ching t hem from every corner and swallowing t hem up, and it did not leave any of t hem unt ouched. Allah says:

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ モ ∠ト ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ホ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Thus t rut h was confirmed, and all t hat t hey did was made of no effect .) unt il

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ (The Lord of Musa and Harun.) (7:118-122) This was a very serious mat t er, furnishing decisive proof leaving no room for any excuse. Fir` awn's support ers, who sought and hoped t hat t hey would prevail over Musa, were t hemselves defeat ed. At t hat moment t hey believed in Musa and prost rat ed t o Allah, t he Lord of Al-` Alamin Who sent Musa and Harun wit h t he t rut h and an obvious miracle. Fir` awn was defeat ed in a manner t he likes of which t he world had never seen, but he remained arrogant and st ubborn despit e t he clear evidence, may t he curse of Allah and t he angels and all of mankind be upon him. He resort ed t o arrogance and st ubbornness and propagat ing falsehood. He began t o issue t hreat s against t hem, saying:

び∠ゲ∇エジ あ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ヨ∠ ｚヤハ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ⊥ Β͡らム∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, he is your chief who has t aught you magic) (20:71).

び͡るレ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ⊥ ∇ゲム∠ ョｚ ゲ∀ ∇ムヨ∠ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, t his is a plot which you have plot t ed in t he cit y) (7:123).

ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ⊥ Β͡らム∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ク∠ や∠￢ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ョや∠￢ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ リ ｚ ∠バト あ ∠ホΕ ⊥ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ ゲ∠ ∇エジ あ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ヨ∠ ｚヤハ ∠ ン͡グャｚや リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ∠らヤあ∠タΕ∠ヱ フ ∃ Κ ∠カ ͡ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇トル∠ ゅｚル͡ま - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ レ⊥ョ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べｚル͡ま ゲ∠ ∇Βッ ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ べｚレミ⊥ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レ⇒∠Β⇒∠トカ ∠ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ (49. He said: "You have believed in him before I give you leave. Surely, he indeed is your chief, who has t aught you magic! So verily, you shall come t o know. Verily, I will cut off your hands and your feet on opposit e sides, and I will crucif y you all.'') (50. They said: "No harm! Surely, t o our Lord we are t o ret urn.'') (51. "Verily, we really hope t hat our Lord will forgive us our sins, as we are t he first of t he believers.'')

Between Fir` awn and the Sorcerers

His t hreat s against t hem result ed only in an increase in t heir fait h and submission t o Allah, for t he veil of disbelief had been lift ed from t heir heart s and t he t rut h became clear t o t hem because t hey knew somet hing t hat t heir people did not : t hat what Musa had done could not have been done by any human being unless Allah helped him, making it proof and an evidence of t he t rut h of what he had brought from his Lord. Then Fir` awn said t o t hem:

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ク∠ や∠￢ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ョや∠￢ぴ (You have believed in him before I give you leave.) meaning, ` you should have asked my permission for what you did, and you did not consult wit h me; if I had given you permission you could have done it , and if I did not allow you, you should not have done it , for I am t he ruler and t he one t o be obeyed.'

び∠ゲ∇エジ あ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ヨ∠ ｚヤハ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ⊥ Β͡らム∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Surely, he indeed is your chief, who has t aught you magic!) This is st ubborn t alk, and anyone can see t hat it is nonsense, for t hey had never met Musa before t hat day, so how could he have been t heir chief who t aught t hem how t o do magic No rat ional person would say t his. Then Fir` awn t hreat ened t o cut off t heir hands and feet , and crucify t hem. They said:

び∠ゲ∇Βッ ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (No harm!) meaning, ` no problem, t hat will not harm us and we do not care.'

び∠ラヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ レ⊥ョ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べｚルま͡ぴ (Surely, t o our Lord we are t o ret urn.) means, ` t he ret urn of us all is t o Allah, may He be glorified, and He will never allow t he reward of anyone who has done good t o be lost . What you have done t o us is not hidden from Him, and He will reward us in full for t hat .' So t hey said:

びべ∠レ⇒∠Β⇒∠トカ ∠ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇トル∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, we really hope t hat our Lord will forgive us our sins,) ` t he sins we have commit t ed and t he magic you forced us t o do.'

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ べｚレミ⊥ ラ∠ぺぴ (as we are t he first of t he believers,) means, because we are t he first of our people, t he Egypt ians, t o believe. So he killed t hem all.

ユ⊥ムルｚ ま͡ ン͡キゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ゲ͡ ∇シぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Β∠ェ∇ヱ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ リ ∠ Α͡ゲゼ ͡ ⇒∠ェ リ ͡ も͡ へ∠ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ⊥ ヲ∠ハ∇ゲプ͡ モ ∠シ ∠ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ョ∂ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤΒ͡ヤホ∠ る∀ ョ∠ ク͡ ∇ゲゼ ͡ ャ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カほ∠プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ͡ ⇒∠ェ ∀ノΒ͡ヨイ ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌも͡ べ∠ピャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ - ユ∃ Α͡ゲミ∠ ュ∃ ゅ∠ボョ∠ ヱ∠ コ∃ ヲ⊥レミ⊥ ヱ∠ - ラ ∃ ヲ⊥Βハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ リあョ びモ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇をケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ (52. And We revealed t o Musa, saying: "Depart by night wit h My servant s, verily, you will be pursued.'') (53. Then Fir` awn sent callers t o (all) t he cit ies.) (54. (Saying): "Verily, t hese indeed are but a small band.'') (55. "And verily, t hey have done what has enraged us.'') (56. "But we are a host all assembled, amply forewarned.'') (57. So, We expelled t hem from gardens and springs,) (58. Treasures, and every kind of honorable place.) (59. Thus and We caused t he Children of Israel t o inherit t hem.)

The Exodus of the Children of Israel from Egypt Aft er Musa st ayed in Egypt for a long t ime, and t he proof of Allah was est ablished against Fir` awn and his chiefs, yet t hey were st ill arrogant and st ubborn, t hen t here was not hing left for t hem but punishment and vengeance. So Allah commanded Musa, peace be upon him, t o t ake t he Children of Israel out of Egypt by night , and t ake t hem wherever he would be commanded. So Musa, peace be upon him, did as he was commanded by his Lord, may He be glorified, and he led t hem fort h aft er t hey had borrowed an abundance of j ewelry from t he people of Fir` awn. As more t han one of t he scholars of Tafsir have said, t hey left when t he moon was rising, and Muj ahid, may Allah have mercy on him, said t hat t he moon was eclipsed t hat night . And Allah knows best . Musa asked about t he grave of Yusuf (Prophet Joseph), peace be upon him, and an old woman from among t he Children of Israel showed him where it was, so he t ook t he remains wit h t hem, and it was said t hat t hey were among t he t hings t hat were carried by Musa himself, may peace be upon t hem bot h. It was also said t hat Yusuf, peace be upon him, had left inst ruct ions in his will t hat if t he Children of Israel ever left Egypt , t hey should t ake his remains wit h t hem. The following morning, when t here was nobody t o be found in t he Israelit e quart ers, Fir` awn became angry and his anger int ensified since Allah had decreed t hat he was t o be dest royed. So he quickly sent his callers t o all his cit ies, i.e., t o mobilize his t roops and bring t hem t oget her, and he called out t o t hem:

び͡￢Γ⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hese) meaning, t he Children of Israel,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤΒ͡ヤホ∠ る∀ ョ∠ ク͡ ∇ゲゼ ͡ ャ∠ぴ (indeed are but a small band. ) meaning, a small group.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌも͡ べ∠ピャ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, t hey have done what has enraged us.) means, ` every t ime we have heard anyt hing about t hem, it has upset us and made us angry.'

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ͡ ⇒∠ェ ∀ノΒ͡ヨイ ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (But we are a host all assembled, amply forewarned.) means, ` we are const ant ly t aking precaut ions lest t hey bet ray us.' Some of t he Salaf read t his wit h t he meaning, "we are const ant ly forewarned and forearmed. And I want t o dest roy t hem t o t he last man, and dest roy all t heir lands and propert y.'' So he and his t roops were punished wit h t he very t hings he sought t o inflict upon t he Children of Israel. Allah says:

ュ∃ ゅ∠ボョ∠ ヱ∠ コ∃ ヲ⊥レミ⊥ ヱ∠ - ラ ∃ ヲ⊥Βハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ィ∠ゲ∇カ∠ほ∠プぴ び ユ∃ Α͡ゲミ∠ (So, We expelled t hem from gardens and springs, t reasures, and every kind of honorable place.) meaning, t hey were t hrown out of t hose blessings and int o Hell, and t hey left behind t he honorable places, gardens and rivers, wealt h, provision, posit ion and power in t his world:

びモ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇をケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Thus and We caused t he Children of Israel t o inherit t hem.) This is like t he Ayat :

ベ ∠ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ゼョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘバ∠ ∇ツわ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇をケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ミケ∠ ゅ∠よ ヴ͡わャｚや ゅ∠ヰよ∠ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ピョ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや (And We made t he people who were considered weak t o inherit t he east ern part s of t he land and t he west ern part s t hereof which We have blessed) (7: 137).

ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツわ⊥ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ｚ ヨ⊥ ルｚ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Αゲ͡ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡をケ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇イル∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヨｚ も͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇イル∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや

(And We wished t o do a favor t o t hose who were weak in t he land, and t o make t hem rulers and t o make t hem t he inherit ors) The t wo Ayat t hereaft er: ぴ28:5-6び.

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ラ ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや や∠￢へ∠ゲゎ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - ∠リΒ͡ホ͡ゲ∇ゼョぁ ユ⊥ワヲ⊥バら∠ ∇ゎほ∠プ∠ ぴ ヴ ∠ バ͡ ョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミケ∠ ∇ギヨ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ゆ͡ゲ∇ッや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Β∠ェ∇ヱ∠ほ∠プ - リ ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΒ∠ シ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ キ͡ ∇ヲト ｚ ャゅ∠ミ ベ ∃ ∇ゲプ͡ ぁモミ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠ヘ∠ ルゅ∠プ ゲ∠ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ゅ∠ダバ∠ よあ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Βイ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠Ι ｘ や ユｚ を∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヘャ∠∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠Ι ｘ や ゅ∠レ∇ホゲ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ｚョ リ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥ワゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ る⇔ Α∠ Ε ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ び ユ⊥ Βェ ͡ ゲｚ ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ (60. So, t hey pursued t hem at sunrise.) (61. And when t he t wo host s saw each ot her, t he companions of Musa said: "We are sure t o be overt aken.'') (62. (Musa) said: "Nay, verily wit h me is my Lord. He will guide me.'') (63. Then We revealed t o Musa (saying): "St rike t he sea wit h your st ick.'' And it part ed, and each separat e part became like huge mount ain.) (64. Then We brought near t he ot hers t o t hat place.) (65. And We saved Musa and all t hose wit h him.) (66. Then We drowned t he ot hers.) (67. Verily, in t his is indeed a sign, yet most of t hem are not believers.) (68. And verily your Lord, He is t ruly t he All-Might y, t he Most Merciful.)

Fir` awn's Pursuit and Expulsion of the Children of Israel, and how He and His People were drowned More t han one of t he scholars of Tafsir said t hat Fir` awn set out wit h a huge group, a group cont aining t he leaders and ent ire government of Egypt at t hat t ime, i.e., t he decision-makers and influent ial figures, princes, minist ers, nobles, leaders and soldiers.

び ∠リΒ͡ホ͡ゲ∇ゼョぁ ユ⊥ワヲ⊥バら∠ ∇ゎほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So, t hey pursued t hem at sunrise.) means, t hey caught up wit h t he Children of Israel at sunrise.

び͡ラゅ∠バ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや や∠￢へ∠ゲゎ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ

(And when t he t wo host s saw each ot her,) means, each group saw t he ot her. At t hat point ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ミケ∠ ∇ギヨ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (t he companions of Musa said: "We are sure t o be overt aken.'') This was because Fir` awn and his people caught up wit h t hem on t he shores of t he Red Sea, so t he sea was ahead of t hem and Fir` awn and his t roops were behind t hem. Hence t hey said:

ゅｚル͡ま ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ラ ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや や∠￢へ∠ゲゎ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ びリ ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΒ∠ シ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ ∠ バ͡ ョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミケ∠ ∇ギヨ⊥ ャ∠ ("We are sure t o be overt aken.'' (Musa) said: "Nay, verily wit h me is my Lord. He will guide me.'') meaning, ` not hing of what you fear will happen t o you, for Allah is t he One Who commanded me t o bring you here, and He does not go back on His promise.' Harun, peace be upon him, was in t he front , wit h Yusha` bin Nun and a believer from t he family of Fir` awn, and Musa, peace be upon him, was in t he rear. More t han one of t he scholars of Tafsir said t hat t hey st ood t here not knowing what t o do, and Yusha` bin Nun or t he believer from t he family of Fir` awn said t o Musa, peace be upon him, "O Prophet of Allah, is it here t hat your Lord commanded you t o bring us'' He said: "Yes.'' Then Fir` awn and his t roops drew near and were very close indeed. At t hat point Allah commanded his Prophet Musa, peace be upon him, t o st rike t he sea wit h his st aff, so he st ruck it , and it part ed, by t he will of Allah. Allah says:

び͡ユΒ͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや キ͡ ∇ヲト ｚ ャゅ∠ミ ベ ∃ ∇ゲプ͡ ぁモミ⊥ ∠ラゅ∠ム∠プ ペ ∠ ヤ∠ヘ∠ ルゅ∠プぴ (And it part ed, and each separat e part became like huge mount ain.) meaning, like might y mount ains. This was t he view of Ibn Mas` ud, Ibn ` Abbas, Muhammad bin Ka` b, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah and ot hers. ` At a' Al-Khurasani said, "It refers t o a pass bet ween t wo mount ains.'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "The sea divided int o t welve pat hs, one for each of t he t ribes.'' As-Suddi added, "And in it t here were windows t hrough which t hey could see one anot her, and t he wat er was erect ed like walls.'' Allah sent t he wind t o t he sea bed t o make it solid like t he land. Allah says:

フ ⊥ ゅ∠ガゎ∠ Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ジ∠らΑ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲデ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゆゲ͡ ∇ッゅ∠プぴ びヴ∠ゼ∇ガゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ミ∠ケキ∠ (and st rike a dry pat h for t hem in t he sea, fearing neit her t o be overt aken nor being afraid) (20:77). And here He says:

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠Ι ｘ や ユｚ を∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヘャ∠∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Then We brought near t he ot hers t o t hat place.) Ibn ` Abbas, ` At a' Al-Khurasani, Qat adah and As-Suddi said:

びゅ∠レ∇ヘャ∠∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Then We brought near) means, "We brought Fir` awn and his t roops near t o t he sea.''

ゅ∠レ∇ホゲ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ｚョ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Βイ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠Ι ｘや (And We saved Musa and all t hose wit h him. Then We drowned t he ot hers.) meaning: ` We saved Musa and t he Children of Israel and whoever followed t heir religion, and none of t hem were dest royed, but Fir` awn and his t roops were drowned and not one of t hem remained alive, but was dest royed.' Then Allah says:

び⇔るΑ∠ Γ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t his is indeed a sign,) meaning, t his st ory wit h it s wonders and t ales of aid t o t he believing servant s of Allah is definit ive proof and evidence of Allah's wisdom.

- リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ る⇔ Α∠ Ε ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ (yet most of t hem are not believers. And verily your Lord, He is t ruly t he All-Might y, t he Most Merciful. ) The explanat ion of t his phrase has already been discussed above.

ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ - ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ほ∠ら∠ ル∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇ゎや∠ヱぴ -リ ∠ Β͡ヘム͡ ⇒∠ハ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ モ ぁヌ ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠レ∇タぺ∠ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥バヘ∠ レ∠Α ∇ヱぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ∇クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∠ルヲ⊥バ∠ヨ∇ジ∠Α ∇モワ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ べ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇モよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヱぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ゅｚョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ｚ ケ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ͡ャ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョギ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘや (69. And recit e t o t hem t he st ory of Ibrahim.) (70. When he said t o his fat her and his people: "What do you worship'') (71. They said: "We worship idols, and t o t hem we are ever devot ed.'') (72. He said: "Do t hey hear you when you call'') (73. "Or do t hey benefit you or do t hey cause

harm'') (74. They said: "(Nay) but we found our fat hers doing so.'') (75. He said: "Do you observe t hat which you have been worshipping --'') (76. "You and your ancient fat hers'') (77. "Verily, t hey are enemies t o me, save t he Lord of Al-` Alamin,'')

How the Close Friend of Allah, Ibrahim spoke out against Shirk Here Allah t ells us about His servant , Messenger and Close Friend, Ibrahim, upon him be peace, t he leader of t he pure monot heist s. Allah commanded His Messenger Muhammad t o recit e t his st ory t o his Ummah so t hat t hey could follow t his example of sincerit y t owards Allah, put t ing one's t rust in Him, worshipping Him Alone wit h no part ner or associat e, and renouncing Shirk and it s people. Allah grant ed guidance t o Ibrahim before, i.e., from a very early age he had denounced his people's pract ice of worshipping idols wit h Allah, may He be exalt ed.

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ (When he said t o his fat her and his people: "What do you worship'') meaning: what are t hese st at ues t o which you are so devot ed

びリ ∠ Β͡ヘム͡ ⇒∠ハ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ モ ぁヌ ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠レ∇タぺ∠ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "We worship idols, and t o t hem we are ever devot ed.'') meaning: we are devot ed t o worshipping t hem and praying t o t hem.

∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥バヘ∠ レ∠Α ∇ヱぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ∇クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∠ルヲ⊥バ∠ヨ∇ジ∠Α ∇モワ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ べ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇モよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヱぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ び (He said: "Do t hey hear you when you call Or do t hey benefit you or do t hey cause harm'' They said: "(Nay) but we found our fat hers doing so.'') They knew t hat t heir idols could not do anyt hing, but t hey had seen t heir fat hers doing t his, so t hey made hast e t o follow in t heir foot st eps. So Ibrahim said t o t hem:

ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ゅｚョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ｚ ケ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ͡ャ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョギ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘや (Do you observe t hat which you have been worshipping --you and your ancient fat hers Verily, t hey are enemies t o me, save t he Lord of Al-` Alamin.) meaning, ` if t hese idols mean anyt hing and have any influence, t hen let t hem do me any kind of harm, for I am an enemy t o t hem and I do not care about t hem or t hink anyt hing of t hem.' This is akin t o t he way Allah described Nuh:

び∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バ͡ヨ∇ィ∠ほ∠プぴ (So devise your plot , you and your part ners) (10:71). And Hud, upon him be peace, said:

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ￢∃ ヲ⊥ジよ͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ヂ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ポ ∠ や∠ゲわ∠ ∇ハや Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボルｚ ラ͡まぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ヴあルぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇セぺ⊥ ヴあルま͡ ヴあルま͡ - ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ レ⊥ゎ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥ギΒ͡ムプ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤｚミヲ∠ ゎ∠ び ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰわ͡ Β∠ タ ͡ ゅ∠レよ͡ ∀グ͡カや￢ ("I call Allah t o wit ness and bear you wit ness t hat I am free from t hat which you ascribe as part ners in worship. So plot against me, all of you, and give me no respit e. I put my t rust in Allah, my Lord and your Lord! There is not a moving creat ure but He has t he grasp of it s forelock. Verily, my Lord is on t he st raight pat h) (11:54-56). rSimilarly, Ibrahim denounced t heir gods and idols and said:

∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ べ∠ョ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャゅ͡よ ユ⊥わ∇ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ (And how should I fear t hose whom you associat e in worship wit h Allah, while you fear not t hat you have j oined in worship wit h Allah) (6:81). And Allah said:

び∠ユΒ͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ͡プ る∀ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∀り∠ヲ∇シぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Indeed t here has been an excellent example for you in Ibrahim) unt il His saying;

び⊥ロギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il you believe in Allah Alone) (60:4).

ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢へ∠ゲ∠よ ヴ͡レルｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ - リ ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΒ∠ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ヴ͡ルゲ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ン͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ ボ͡ ハ ∠ ヴ͡プ る⇔ Β∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠よ る⇔ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ (And (remember) when Ibrahim said t o his fat her and his people: "Verily, I am innocent of what you worship, except Him Who creat ed me; and verily, He will guide me.'' And he made it a Word last ing among his offspring, t hat t hey may t urn back) (43:26-28). meaning: "La Ilaha Illallah.''

ヴ͡レヨ⊥ バ͡ ∇トΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ͡リΑ͡ギ∇ヰ∠Α ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヴ͡レボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱ - リ ͡ Β͡ヘ∇ゼΑ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ッゲ͡ ョ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ - リ ͡ Β͡ボ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱ - リ ͡ Β͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ヴ͡レわ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ びリ ͡ Αあギャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ͡わゃ∠ Β͡トカ ∠ (78. Who has creat ed me, and it is He Who guides me.) (79. And it is He Who feeds me and gives me t o drink.) (80. And when I am ill, it is He Who cures me.) (81. And Who will cause me t o die, and t hen will bring me t o life. ) (82. And Who, I hope, will forgive me my fault s on t he Day of Recompense.)

Ibrahim mentions Allah's Kindness towards Him Ibrahim said, "I will not worship any but t he One Who does t hese t hings:

び ͡リΑ͡ギ∇ヰ∠Α ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヴ͡レボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (Who has creat ed me, and it is He Who guides me.) He is t he Creat or Who has decreed cert ain t hings t o which He guides His creat ion, so each person follows t he pat h which is decreed for him. Allah is t he One Who guides whomsoever He wills and leaves ast ray whomsoever He wills.

びリ ͡ Β͡ボ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レヨ⊥ バ͡ ∇トΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And it is He Who feeds me and gives me t o drink.) He is my Creat or Who provides for me from t hat which He has made available in t he heavens and on eart h. He drives t he clouds and causes wat er t o fall wit h which He revives t he eart h and brings fort h it s fruit s as provision for mankind. He sends down t he wat er fresh and sweet so t hat many of t hose whom He has creat ed, animals and men alike, may drink from it .

びリ ͡ Β͡ヘ∇ゼΑ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ッゲ͡ ョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when I am ill, it is He Who cures me.) Here he at t ribut ed sickness t o himself, even t hough it is Allah Who decrees it , out of respect t owards Allah. By t he same t oken, Allah commands us t o say in t he prayer,

び ユ∠ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヅ ∠ や∠ゲダ あ ャや ゅ∠ル͡ギ∇ワやぴ (Guide us t o t he st raight way) (1:6) t o t he end of t he Surah. Grace and guidance are at t ribut ed t o Allah, may He be exalt ed, but t he subj ect of t he verb wit h reference t o anger is omit t ed, and going ast ray is at t ribut ed t o t he people. This is like when t he Jinn said:

∇ュぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ヨよ͡ ギ∠ Α͡ケぺ⊥ ゲｘ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ン͡ケ∇ギル∠ Ι ∠ ゅｚルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ギ∠セケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ (And we know not whet her evil is int ended for t hose on eart h, or whet her t heir Lord int ends for t hem a right pat h) (72:10) Similarly, Ibrahim said:

びリ ͡ Β͡ヘ∇ゼΑ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ッゲ͡ ョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when I am ill, it is He Who cures me.) meaning, ` when I fall sick, no one is able t o heal me but Him, Who heals me wit h t he means t hat may lead t o recovery'.

びリ ͡ Β͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ヴ͡レわ⊥ Βヨ͡ Α⊥ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And Who will cause me t o die, and t hen will bring me t o life.) He is t he One Who gives life and causes deat h, and no one besides Him is able t o do t hat , for He is t he One Who originat es and repeat s.

びリ ͡ Αあギャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ͡わゃ∠ Β͡トカ ∠ ヴ͡ャ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And Who, I hope, will forgive me my fault s on t he Day of Recompense.) means, no one is able t o forgive sins in t his world or t he Hereaft er except Him. Who can forgive sins except Allah For He is t he One Who does what ever He wills.

- リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャゅ͡よ ヴ͡レ∇ボエ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ムェ ⊥ ヴ͡ャ ∇ょワ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ ヴ͡レ∇ヤ∠バ∇ィや∠ヱ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ベ ∃ ∇ギタ ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ジャ͡ ヴあャ モ∠バ∇ィや∠ヱ

リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴ͡よΙ ６ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや∠ヱ - ユ͡ Β͡バレｚ ャや る͡ レｚ ィ ∠ る͡ を∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ リ͡ョ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ͡ルゴ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Βあャべｚツャや び ユ∃ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ょ ∃ ∇ヤボ∠ よ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レよ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀メゅ∠ョ (83. My Lord! Best ow Hukm on me, and j oin me wit h t he right eous.) (84. And grant me an honorable ment ion in lat er generat ions.) (85. And make me one of t he inherit ors of t he Paradise of Delight .) (86. And forgive my fat her, verily, he is of t he erring.) (87. And disgrace me not on t he Day when t hey will be resurrect ed.) (88. The Day whereon neit her wealt h nor sons will avail,) (89. Except him who brings t o Allah a clean heart .)

The Prayer of Ibrahim for Himself and for His Father Here Ibrahim, upon him be peace, asks his Lord t o give him Hukm. Ibn ` Abbas said, "This is knowledge.''

び∠リΒ͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャゅ͡よ ヴ͡レ∇ボエ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and j oin me wit h t he right eous.) means, ` make me one of t he right eous in t his world and t he Hereaft er.' This is like t he words t he Prophet said t hree t imes when he was dying:

«ヴ∠ヤ∇ハほ∠∇ャや ペ ͡ Β͡プゲｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» (O Allah, wit h t he Exalt ed Companion (of Paradise)).

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ベ ∃ ∇ギタ ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ジャ͡ ヴあャ モ∠バ∇ィや∠ヱぴ (And grant me an honorable ment ion in lat er generat ions.) meaning, ` cause me t o be remembered in a good manner aft er my deat h, so t hat I will be spoken of and t aken as a good example.' This is like t he Ayah,

ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ミ∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ (And We left for him (a goodly remembrance) among t he lat er generat ions: "Salam (peace) be upon Ibrahim. Thus indeed do we reward t he good doers.) (37:108-110)

び ユ͡ Β͡バレｚ ャや る͡ レｚ ィ ∠ る͡ を∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ͡レ∇ヤ∠バ∇ィや∠ヱぴ

(And make me one of t he inherit ors of t he Paradise of Delight .) meaning, ` bless me in t his world wit h honorable ment ion aft er I am gone, and in t he Hereaft er by making me one of t he inherit ors of t he Paradise of Delight .'

びヴ͡よΙ ６ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや∠ヱぴ (And forgive my fat her,) This is like t he Ayah,

びｚンギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲャ͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (My Lord! Forgive me, and my parent s) (71:28). But t his is somet hing which Ibrahim, peace be upon him, lat er st opped doing, as Allah says:

り∃ ギ∠ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョｚ リ∠ハ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヘ∇ピわ͡ ∇シや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ロゅｚΑま͡ べ∠ワギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ (And Ibrahim's supplicat ion for his fat her's forgiveness was only because of a promise he had made t o him) (9:114) unt il:

び∀ユΒ͡ヤェ ∠ ∀ロやｚヱ∠Ε ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Ibrahim was Awwah and was forbearing) (9:114). Allah st opped Ibrahim from asking for forgiveness for his fat her, as He says:

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ͡プ る∀ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∀り∠ヲ∇シぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ び⊥ヮバ∠ ョ∠ (Indeed t here has been an excellent example for you in Ibrahim and t hose wit h him), unt il His saying:

び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (but I have no power t o do anyt hing for you before Allah. ) (60:4),

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ͡ル͡ゴ∇ガゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And disgrace me not on t he Day when t hey will be resurrect ed.) means, ` prot ect me from shame on t he Day of Resurrect ion and t he Day when all creat ures, t he first and t he last , will be raised.' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Prophet said:

り⊥ ゲ∠ ら∠ ピ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠よぺ∠ ン∠ぺケ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡» «り∠ゲわ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (Ibrahim will see his fat her on t he Day of Resurrect ion, covered wit h dust and darkness.) According t o anot her narrat ion, also from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t he Prophet said:

ヶ͡レゎ∠ ∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠よぺ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ヤΑ∠ » :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ラヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡レΑ͡ゴ∇ガゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ マ ∠ ルｚ ぺ∠ «リΑゲ͡プゅ∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ∇ョｚゲェ ∠ ヶあルま͡ (Ibrahim will meet his fat her and will say: "O Lord, You promised me t hat You would not disgrace me on t he Day when all creat ures are resurrect ed.'' And Allah will say t o him: "I have forbidden Paradise t o t he disbelievers.'') He also recorded t his in t he Hadit hs about t he Prophet s, upon t hem be peace, where t he wording is:

ヮ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ケ∠ コ∠ へ ロ⊥ ゅ∠よぺ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ヤΑ∠ » マ ∠ ャ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ :ユ⊥ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∀りゲ∠ ら∠ ビ ∠ ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ コ∠ へ ∩∠マΒ͡ダ∇ハぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プ :ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ヶ͡レΒ͡ダ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ヶ͡レゎ∠ ∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ルｚま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α :ユ⊥ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡よぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ン∠ゴ∇カぺ∠ ヵ ∃ ∇ゴカ ͡ ヵ ぁ ほ∠プ∠ ∩∠ラヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡レΑ∠ ゴ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ∇ョｚゲェ ∠ ヶあルま͡ :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ギ͡ バ∠ ∇よほ∠∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルや ユ⊥ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩リ ∠ Α͡ゲプ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや グ⊥ カ ∠ ∇ぽΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩∃オト あ ヤ∠わ∠ ョ⊥ オ ∃ Α͡グよ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∠ゲヌ ⊥ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∠マヤ͡∇ィケ͡ «ケゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ヴ∠ボ∇ヤΒ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ も͡ や∠ヲボ∠ よ͡ (Ibrahim will meet his fat her Azar on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and t here will be dust and darkness on Azar's face. Ibrahim will say t o him, "Did I not t ell you not t o disobey me'' His fat her

will say t o him: "Today I will not disobey you.'' Ibrahim will say: "O Lord, You promised me t hat You would not disgrace me on t he Day when t hey are resurrect ed, but what disgrace can be great er t han seeing my fat her in t his st at e'' Allah will say t o him: "I have forbidden Paradise t o t he disbelievers.'' Then it will be said: "O Ibrahim! Look beneat h your feet .'' So he will look and t here he will see (t hat his fat her was changed int o) a male hyena covered in dung, which will be caught by t he legs and t hrown in t he Fire.) This was also recorded by Abu ` Abdur-Rahman An-Nasa'i in t he Tafsir of his Sunan Al-Kubra.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レよ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀メゅ∠ョ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day whereon neit her wealt h nor sons will avail,) means, a man's wealt h will not prot ect him from t he punishment of Allah, even if he were t o pay a ransom equivalent t o an eart hful of gold.

び∠ラヲ⊥レよ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor sons) means, ` or if you were t o pay a ransom of all t he people on eart h.' On t hat Day not hing will be of any avail except fait h in Allah and sincere devot ion t o Him, and renunciat ion of Shirk and it s people. Allah says:

び ユ∃ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ょ ∃ ∇ヤボ∠ よ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except him who brings t o Allah a clean heart . ) meaning, free from any impurit y or Shirk. Ibn Sirin said, "The clean heart knows t hat Allah is t rue, t hat t he Hour will undoubt edly come and t hat Allah will resurrect t hose who are in t he graves.'' Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib said, "The clean heart is t he sound heart .'' This is t he heart of t he believer, for t he heart of t he disbeliever and t he hypocrit e is sick. Allah says:

び∀チゲ∠ ョｚ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プぴ (In t heir heart s is a disease) (2:10). Abu ` Ut hman An-Nisaburi said, "It is t he heart t hat is free from innovat ion and is cont ent wit h t he Sunnah.''

ユ⊥ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや れ ͡ コ∠ ゲあ よ⊥ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ る⊥ ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ヘ∠ ャ͡∇コぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ リ͡ョ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ヱゅ∠ピ∇ヤャ͡ - ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ダ∠わレ∠Α ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇モワ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ ザ ∠ Β͡ヤ∇よま͡ キ⊥ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ヱゅ∠ピ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥らム͡ ∇らム⊥ プ∠ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ∠ゎ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠

リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ Αあヲジ ∠ ル⊥ ∇クま͡ - リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡バヘ͡ ⇒∠セ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠レヤｚッ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムレ∠ プ∠ り⇔ ゲｚ ミ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ペ ∃ Α͡ギタ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ワゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ る⇔ Α∠ Ε ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや び ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ (90. And Paradise will be brought near t o t hose who had Taqwa.) (91. And t he (Hell) Fire will be placed in full view of t he ast ray.) (92. And it will be said t o t hem: "Where are t hose t hat you used t o worship.'') (93. "Inst ead of Allah Can t hey help you or help t hemselves'') (94. Then t hey will be t hrown on t heir faces int o it (t he Fire), t hey and t he ast ray.) (95. And all of t he host s of Iblis t oget her.) (96. They will say while cont ending t herein,) (97. "By Allah, we were t ruly in a manifest error,) (98. "When we held you as equals wit h t he Lord of all t hat exist s;'') (99. "And none has brought us int o error except t he criminals.'') (100. "Now we have no int ercessors,'') (101. "Nor a close friend.'') (102. "(Alas!) If we only had a chance t o ret urn, we shall t ruly be among t he believers!'') (103. Verily, in t his is indeed a sign, yet most of t hem are not believers.) (104. And verily your Lord, He is t ruly t he All-Might y, t he Most Merciful.)

Those Who have Taqwa and the Astray on the Day of Resurrection, and the Arguments and Sorrow of the Erring

び⊥るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ヘ∠ ャ͡∇コぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (And Paradise will be brought near) means, it will be brought close t o it s people, adorned and decorat ed for t hem t o behold it . It s people are t he pious who preferred it t o what ever was in t his world, and st rove for it in t his world.

びリ ∠ Α͡ヱゅ∠ピ∇ヤャ͡ ユ⊥ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや れ ͡ コ∠ ゲあ よ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he (Hell) Fire will be placed in full view of t he ast ray.) meaning, it will be shown t o t hem and a neck will st ret ch fort h from it , moaning and sighing, and t heir heart s will reach t heir t hroat s. It will be said t o it s people by way of reproach and rebuke:

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ わ∠ レ∠Α ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇モワ∠

(Where are t hose t hat you used t o worship inst ead of Allah Can t hey help you or help t hemselves) meaning, ` t he gods and idols whom you used t o worship inst ead of Allah cannot help you t oday, and t hey cannot even prot ect t hemselves. You and t hey are fuel for Hell t oday, which you will surely ent er.'

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ヱゅ∠ピ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥らム͡ ∇らム⊥ プ∠ ぴ (Then t hey will be t hrown on t heir faces int o it (t he Fire), t hey and t he ast ray.) Muj ahid said, "This means, t hey will be hurled int o it .'' Ot hers said: "They will be t hrown on t op of one anot her, t he disbelievers and t heir leaders who called t hem t o Shirk. ''

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ザ ∠ Β͡ヤ∇よま͡ キ⊥ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And all of t he host s of Iblis t oget her.) t hey will all be t hrown int o it .

ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ∠ゎ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ Αあヲジ ∠ ル⊥ ∇クま͡ - リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ (They will say while cont ending t herein, "By Allah, we were t ruly in a manifest error, when we held you as equals wit h t he Lord of all t hat exist s.'') The weak ones among t hem will say t o t heir arrogant leaders: ` Verily, we were following you; can you avail us anyt hing from t he Fire' Then t hey will realize t hat t hemselves are t o blame and will say: a

ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ Αあヲジ ∠ ル⊥ ∇クま͡ - リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ∠ゎぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや (By Allah, we were t ruly in a manifest error, when we held you as equals wit h t he Lord of all t hat exist s.) meaning, ` we obeyed your commands as we should have obeyed t he commands of t he Lord of t he all t hat exit s, and we worshipped you along wit h t he Lord of all t hat exit s.'

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠レヤｚッ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And none has brought us int o error except t he criminals.) meaning, ` nobody called us t o do t hat except t he evildoers.'

びリ ∠ Β͡バヘ͡ ⇒∠セ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (Now we have no int ercessors.) This is like t he Ayah which t ells us t hat t hey will say:

モ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バレ∠ プ∠ ぁキゲ∠ ル⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠レ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥バヘ∠ ∇ゼΒ∠ プ∠ ￢∠ べ∠バヘ∠ セ ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レャｚ モ∠ヰプ∠ ぴ び⊥モヨ∠ ∇バル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ (...now are t here any int ercessors for us t hat t hey might int ercede on our behalf Or could we be sent back so t hat we might do deeds ot her t han t hose deeds which we used t o do) (7:53). Similarly, in t his Surah, Allah t ells us t hat t hey will say:

び ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ペ ∃ Α͡ギタ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡バヘ͡ ⇒∠セ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (Now we have no int ercessors, nor a close friend.)

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムレ∠ プ∠ り⇔ ゲｚ ミ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ((Alas!) If we only had a chance t o ret urn, we shall t ruly be among t he believers!) They will wish t hat t hey could come back t o t his world so t hat t hey could do deeds of obedience t o t heir Lord -- as t hey claim -- but Allah knows t hat if t hey were t o come back t o t his world, t hey would only go back t o doing forbidden t hings, and He knows t hat t hey are liars. Allah t ells us in Surah Sad about how t he people of Hell will argue wit h one anot her, as He says:

び ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ユ⊥ タ ⊥ ゅ∠ガゎ∠ ペ ｘエ ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hat is t he very t rut h -- t he mut ual disput e of t he people of t he Fire!) (38:64) Then He says:

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ る⇔ Α∠ Ε ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t his is indeed a sign, yet most of t hem are not believers.) meaning, in t he disput e of Ibrahim wit h his people and his proof of Tawhid t here is a sign, i.e., clear evidence t hat t here is no God but Allah.

- リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ る⇔ Α∠ Ε ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ (yet most of t hem are not believers. And verily, your Lord, He is t ruly t he All-Might y, t he Most Merciful.)

∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥カぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ろよ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ - ∀リΒ͡ョぺ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヶあルま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ∀ゥヲ⊥ル ∇ラま͡ ゲ∃ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠∇シぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ン ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ びラ ͡ ヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ (105. The people of Nuh denied t he Messengers.) (106. When t heir brot her Nuh said t o t hem: "Will you not have Taqwa'') (107. "I am a t rust wort hy Messenger t o you.'') (108. "So have Taqwa of Allah, and obey me.'') (109. "No reward do I ask of you for it ; my reward is only from t he Lord of all t hat exist s.'') (110. "So have Taqwa of Allah, and obey me.'')

Nuh's preaching to His People, and Their Response Here Allah t ells us about His servant and Messenger Nuh, peace be upon him, who was t he first Messenger sent by Allah t o t he people of eart h aft er t hey st art ed t o worship idols. Allah sent him t o forbid t hat and t o warn people of t he consequences of idol worship. But his people belied him and cont inued t heir evil pract ice of worshipping idols besides Allah. Allah revealed t hat t heir disbelieving in him was akin t o disbelieving in all t he Messengers, So Allah said:

∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥カぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ろよ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ∀ゥヲ⊥ル (The people of Nuh belied t he Messengers. When t heir brot her Nuh said t o t hem: "Will you not have Taqwa'') meaning, ` do you not fear Allah when you worship ot hers inst ead of Him'

び ∀リΒ͡ョぺ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヶあル͡まぴ (I am a t rust wort hy Messenger t o you.) means, ` I am t he Messenger of Allah t o you, fait hfully fulfilling t he mission wit h which Allah has sent me. I convey t he Messages of my Lord t o you, and I do not add anyt hing t o t hem or t ake anyt hing away from t hem.,

び∃ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠∇シぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プぴ (So have Taqwa of Allah, and obey me. No reward do I ask of you for it ;) means, ` I do not want any payment for t he advice I give you; I will save my reward for it wit h Allah. '

びラ ͡ ヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プぴ (So have Taqwa of Allah, and obey me.) ` It is clear t o you t hat I am t elling t he t rut h and t hat I am fait hfully fulfilling t he mission wit h which Allah has ent rust ed me.'

ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャク∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや マ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ∇ラま͡ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヴ͡ヨ∇ヤ͡ハ -リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや キ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠トよ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ヴあよケ∠ び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ (111. They said: "Shall we believe in you, when t he inferior follow you'') (112. He said: "And what knowledge have I of what t hey used t o do'') (113. "Their account is only wit h my Lord, if you could (but ) know.'') (114. "And I am not going t o drive away t he believers.'') (115. "I am only a plain warner.'')

The Demand of the People of Nuh and His Response They said: "We do not believe in you, and we will not follow you and become equal t o t he meanest of t he people, who follow you and believe in you, and t hey are t he lowest among us.''

ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャク∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや マ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヴ͡ヨ∇ヤ͡ハ (They said: "Shall we believe in you, when t he inferior follow you'' He said: "And what knowledge have I of what t hey used t o do'') meaning, ` what does it have t o do wit h me if t hey follow me No mat t er what t hey used t o do before, I do not have t o check on t hem and examine t heir background; all I have t o do is accept it if t hey believe in me; what ever is in t heir heart s is for Allah t o know.'

∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ∇ラま͡ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや キ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠トよ͡ (Their account is only wit h my Lord, if you could (but ) know. And I am not going t o drive away t he believers.) It seems t hat t hey asked him t o drive t hese people away, t hen t hey would follow him, but he refused t o do t hat , and said:

∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや キ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠トよ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び (And I am not going t o drive away t he believers. I am only a plain warner.) meaning, ` I have been sent as a warner, and whoever obeys me and follows me and believes in me, t hen he belongs t o me and I t o him, whet her he is noble or common, upper-class or lower-class.'

リ ∠ Β͡ョヲ⊥ィ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャ∠ ゥ ⊥ ヲ⊥レΑ ヮ͡ わ∠ ∇レゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レ∇Βよ∠ ∇ウわ∠ ∇プゅ∠プ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ヴ͡ョ∇ヲホ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠イル∠ほ∠プ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡バョｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ͡レイ あ ル∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔エ∇わプ∠ ギ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ホゲ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥エ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ｚョ リ∠ョヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥ワゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ る⇔ Α∠ Ε ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ボ⇒∠ら∇ャや び ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ (116. They said: "If you cease not , O Nuh you will surely be among t hose st oned.'') (117. He said: "My Lord! Verily, my people have denied me.'') (118. "Therefore j udge You bet ween me and t hem, and save me and t hose of t he believers who are wit h me.'') (119. And We saved him and t hose wit h him in t he laden ship.) (120. Then We drowned t he rest t hereaft er.) (121. Verily, in t his is indeed a sign, yet most of t hem are not believers.) (122. And verily your Lord, He is indeed t he All-Might y, t he Most Merciful.)

His People's Threat, Nuh's Prayer against Them, and Their Destruction Nuh st ayed among his people for a long t ime, calling t hem t o Allah night and day, in secret and openly. The more he repeat ed his call t o t hem, t he more det ermined were t hey t o cling t o t heir ext reme disbelief and resist his call. In t he end, t hey said:

び∠リΒ͡ョヲ⊥ィ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャ∠ ゥ ⊥ ヲ⊥レΑ ヮ͡ わ∠ ∇レゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ぴ (If you cease not , O Nuh you will surely be among t hose st oned.) meaning, ` if you do not st op calling us t o your religion,'

び∠リΒ͡ョヲ⊥ィ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ∠ルヲ⊥ム∠わ∠ャぴ

(you will surely be among t hose st oned.) meaning, ` we will st one you.' At t hat point , he prayed against t hem, and Allah responded t o his prayer. Nuh said:

び⇔ゅエ∇わプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レ∇Βよ∠ ∇ウわ∠ ∇プゅ∠ヘル͡ ヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ヴ͡ョ∇ヲホ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ (My Lord! Verily, my people have denied me. Therefore j udge You bet ween me and t hem.) This is like t he Ayah:

び ∇ゲダ ͡ わ∠ ルゅ∠プ ∀ゆヲ⊥ヤ∇ピョ∠ ヴぁルぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ゅ∠ハギ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then he invoked his Lord (saying): "I have been overcome, so help (me)!'')(54:10) And Allah says here:

ｚユを⊥ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥エ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ｚョ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ボ⇒∠ら∇ャや ギ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ホゲ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ (And We saved him and t hose wit h him in t he laden ship. Then We drowned t he rest t hereaft er.) The "laden ship'' is one t hat is filled wit h cargo and t he couples, one pair from every species, t hat were carried in it . This Ayah means: ` We saved Nuh and all of t hose who followed him, and We drowned t hose who disbelieved in him and went against his commands, all of t hem.'

ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥ワゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ る⇔ Α∠ Ε ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ (Verily, in t his is indeed a sign, yet most of t hem are not believers. And verily your Lord, He is indeed t he All-Might y, t he Most Merciful.)

∀キヲ⊥ワ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥カぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∀キゅ∠ハ ∇ろよ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ぴ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ ∀リΒ͡ョぺ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヴあルま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ン ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ゲ∃ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ほ∠∇シぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ノ∃ Αケ͡ あモム⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レ∇らゎ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥んら∠ ∇バゎ∠

∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゼト ∠ よ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ⊥∇ガゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ノ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ダョ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ン͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ リ ∠ Α͡ケゅｚらィ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゼト ∠ よ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レよ∠ ヱ∠ ユ∃ ⇒∠バ∇ルほ∠よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギｚ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギｚ ョ∠ ぺ∠ び ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ラ ∃ ヲΒ⊥ ハ ⊥ ヱ∠ (123. ` Ad denied t he Messengers.) (124. When t heir brot her Hud said t o t hem: "Will you not have Taqwa'') (125. "Verily, I am a t rust wort hy Messenger t o you.'') (126. "So, have Taqwa of Allah, and obey me.'') (127. "No reward do I ask of you for it ; my reward is only from t he Lord of all t hat exist s.'') (128. "Do you build on every Ri` an Ayah for your amusement '') (129. "And do you get for yourselves Masani` as if you will live t herein forever'') (130. "And when you seize (somebody), seize you (him) as t yrant s'') (131. "So have Taqwa of Allah, and obey me.'') (132. "And have Taqwa of Him, fear Him Who has aided you wit h all (good t hings) t hat you know.'') (133. "He has aided you wit h cat t le and children.'') (134. "And gardens and springs.'') (135. "Verily, I fear for you t he t orment of a Great Day.'')

Hud's preaching to His People ` Ad Here Allah t ells us about His servant and Messenger Hud, when he called his people ` Ad. His people used t o live in t he Ahqaf, curved sand-hills near Hadramawt , on t he borders of Yemen. They lived aft er t he t ime of Nuh, as Allah says in Surat Al-A` raf:

ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠ヘヤ∠カ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇クま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ クや∠ヱぴ び⇔るト ∠ ∇ジよ∠ ペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ キ∠ や∠コヱ∠ (And remember t hat He made you successors aft er t he people of Nuh and increased you amply in st at ure) (7:69). This refers t o t he fact t hat t hey were physically st rong and well-built , and very violent , and very t all; t hey had also been given a great deal of provisions, wealt h, gardens, rivers, sons, crops and fruit s. Yet despit e all of t hat , t hey worshipped ot hers besides Allah. So Allah sent Hud, one of t heir own, as a Messenger bringing t hem good news and delivering warnings. He called t hem t o worship Allah alone, and he warned t hem of Allah's wrat h and punishment if t hey were t o go against him and t reat ing him harshly. He said t o t hem, as Nuh had said t o his people:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥んら∠ ∇バゎ∠ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ノ∃ Α͡ケ あモム⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レ∇らゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Do you build on every Ri` an Ayah for your amusement ) The scholars of Tafsir differed over t he meaning of t he word Ri` . In brief, t hey said t hat it refers t o an elevat ed locat ion at a wellknown crossroads, where t hey would build a huge, dazzling, st urdy st ruct ure, t his is why he said:

び⇔る∠Αや∠￢ ノ∃ Α͡ケ あモム⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レ∇らゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Do you build on every Ri` an Ayah) i.e., a well-known landmark,

び∠ラヲ⊥んら∠ ∇バゎ∠ ぴ (for your amusement ) meaning, ` you are only doing t hat for t he purpose of frivolit y, not because you need it , but for fun and t o show off your st rengt h.' So t heir Prophet , peace be upon him, denounced t hem for doing t hat , because it was a wast e of t ime and exhaust ed people's bodies for no purpose, and kept t hem busy wit h somet hing t hat was of no benefit in t his world or t he next . He said:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ⊥∇ガゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ノ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ダョ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And do you get for yourselves Masani` as if you will live t herein forever) Muj ahid said, "This means fort resses built up st rong and high and st ruct ures t hat are built t o last .''

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ⊥∇ガゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (as if you will live t herein forever) means, ` so t hat you may st ay t here forever, but t hat is not going t o happen, because t hey will event ually cease t o be, j ust as happened in t he case of t hose who came before you.'

びリ ∠ Α͡ケゅらｚ ィ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゼト ∠ よ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゼト ∠ よ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when you seize (somebody), seize you (him) as t yrant s) They are described as being st rong, violent and t yrannical.

びラ ͡ ヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プぴ (So, have Taqwa of Allah, and obey me.) ` Worship your Lord and obey your Messenger.' Then Hud began reminding t hem of t he blessings t hat Allah had best owed upon t hem. He said:

ユ∃ ⇒∠バ∇ルほ∠よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギｚ ョ∠ ぺ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギｚ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ - ラ ∃ ヲ⊥Βハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レよ∠ ヱ∠ び ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ (And have Taqwa of Him, Who has aided you wit h all t hat you know. He has aided you wit h cat t le and children, and gardens and springs. Verily, I fear for you t he t orment of a Great Day.)

meaning, ` if you disbelieve and oppose (your Prophet ).' So he called t hem t o Allah wit h words of encouragement and words of warning, but it was t o no avail.

リ ∠ ョあ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヌハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヌハ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや びリ ∠ Β͡よグｚ バ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ る⇔ Α∠ Ε ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワほ∠プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よグｚ ∠ム∠プぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥ワゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ (136. They said: "It is t he same t o us whet her you preach or be not of t hose who preach.'') (137. "This is no ot her t han Khuluq of t he ancient s,'') (138. "And we are not going t o be punished.'') (139. So t hey denied him, and We dest royed t hem. Verily, in t his is indeed a sign, yet most of t hem are not believers.) (140. And verily your Lord, He is indeed t he Almight y, t he Most Merciful.)

The Response of the People of Hud, and Their Punishment Allah t ells us how t he people of Hud responded t o him aft er he had warned t hem, encouraged t hem, and clearly explained t he t rut h t o t hem.

リ ∠ ョあ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヌハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヌハ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや (They said: "It is t he same t o us whet her you preach or be not of t hose who preach.'') meaning, ` we will not give up our ways.'

リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ リ∠ハ ゅ∠レわ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡や￢ ヴ͡ミケ͡ ゅ∠わよ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ (And we shall not leave our gods for your (mere) saying! And we are not believers in you) (11:53). This is how it was, as Allah says:

∇ユャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ケグ∠ ル∠ぺ￢∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ͡ レ⊥ゎ

(Verily, t hose who disbelieve, it is t he same t o t hem whet her you warn t hem or do not warn t hem, t hey will not believe) (2:6).

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, t hose, against whom t he Word of your Lord has been j ust ified, will not believe) (10:9697). And t hey said:

び ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ぴ (This is no ot her t han Khuluq of t he ancient s.) Some scholars read t his: "Khalq''. According t o Ibn Mas` ud and according t o ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas -- as report ed from Al-` Awfi -- and ` Alqamah and Muj ahid, t hey meant , "What you have brought t o us is not hing but t he t ales (Akhlaq) of t he ancient s.'' This is like what t he idolat ors of Quraysh said:

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇ヨゎ⊥ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰら∠ わ∠ わ∠ ∇ミや ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡タぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ (And t hey say: "Tales of t he ancient s, which he has writ t en down, and t hey are dict at ed t o him morning and aft ernoon.'') (25:5) And Allah said:

ロ⊥ や∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや ∀マ∇プ͡ま Ι ｚ ま͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ やヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠ハぺ∠ヱ∠ び∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘ や ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ や⇔ケヱ⊥コヱ∠ (Those who disbelieve say: "This is not hing but a lie t hat he has invent ed, and ot hers have helped him in it . In fact , t hey have produced an inj ust ice and a lie.'' And t hey say: "Tales of t he ancient s...'') (25:4-5)

ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ へ∠クゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘや (And when it is said t o t hem: "What is it t hat your Lord has sent down'' They say: "Tales of t he ancient !'') (16:24). Some ot her scholars recit ed it ,

び ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ぴ

(This is no ot her t han Khuluq of t he ancient s,) "as Khuluq,'' meaning t heir religion. What t hey were following was t he religion of t he ancient s, t heir fat hers and grandfat hers, as if t hey were saying: "We are following t hem, we will live as t hey lived and die as t hey died, and t here will be no resurrect ion and no j udgement .'' Hence t hey said:

びリ ∠ Β͡よグｚ バ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And we are not going t o be punished.) Allah's saying;

び∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワほ∠プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よグｚ ∠ム∠プぴ (So t hey denied him, and We dest royed t hem.) meaning, t hey cont inued t o disbelieve and st ubbornly oppose Allah's Prophet Hud, so Allah dest royed t hem. The means of t heir dest ruct ion has been described in more t han one place in t he Qur'an: Allah sent against t hem a st rong and furious wind, i.e., a fiercely blowing wind t hat was int ensely cold. Thus t he means of t heir dest ruct ion was suit ed t o t heir nat ure, for t hey were t he st rongest and fiercest of people, so Allah overpowered t hem wit h somet hing t hat was even st ronger and fiercer t han t hem, as Allah says:

び キ͡ ゅ∠ヨバ͡ ∇ャや れ ͡ や∠ク ュ∠ ケ∠ ま͡ - ∃キゅ∠バ͡よ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Have you not seen how your Lord dealt wit h ` Ad of Iram Possesors of t he pillars) (89:6-7). This refers t o t he former ` Ad, as Allah says:

び ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや や⇔キゅ∠ハ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat it is He Who dest royed t he former ` Ad) (53:50). They were descendent s of Iram bin Sam bin Nuh,

び͡キゅ∠ヨバ͡ ∇ャや れ ͡ や∠クぴ (Possesors of t he pillars) They used t o live among pillars. Those who claim t hat Iram was a cit y t ake t his idea from Isra'iliyyat narrat ions, from t he words of Ka` b and Wahb, but t here is no real basis for t hat . Allah says:

び ͡ギ⇒∠ヤ͡ら∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇んョ͡ ∇ペヤ∠∇ガΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ヴ͡わャｚやぴ (The like of which were not creat ed in t he land) (89:8). meaning, not hing like t his t ribe was creat ed in t erms of might , power and t yranny. If what was meant was a cit y, it would have said, "The like of which was not built in t he land.'' And Allah says:

ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∀キゅ∠ハ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ ン͡グャｚや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ り⇔ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ゅｚレ͡ョ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∠エ∇イ∠Α ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ り⇔ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ び (As for ` Ad, t hey were arrogant in t he land wit hout right , and t hey said: "Who is might ier t han us in st rengt h'' See t hey not t hat Allah Who creat ed t hem was might ier in st rengt h t han t hem. And t hey used t o deny Our Ayat !) (41:15) And Allah says:

び る∃ Β∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ハ ゲ∃ タ ∠ ∇ゲタ ∠ ウ ∃ Α͡ゲよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ムヤ͡∇ワほ⊥プ∠ ∀キゅ∠ハ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And as for ` Ad, t hey were dest royed by a furious violent wind!) unt il His saying:

び⇔ゅョヲ⊥ジェ ⊥ぴ (in succession) (69:6-7) meaning, consecut ively (i.e., seven night s and eight days).

モ ∃ ∇ガル∠ コ⊥ ゅ∠イ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ヴ∠ハ∇ゲタ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン∠ゲわ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∃るΑ∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠カ (so t hat you could see men lying overt hrown (dest royed), as if t hey were hollow t runks of dat e palms!) (69:7) means, t hey were left as headless bodies, because t he wind would come and carry one of t hem, t hen drop him on his head, so t hat his brains were spilled out , his head was broken and he was t hrown aside, as if t hey were uproot ed st ems of dat e-palms. They used t o build fort resses in t he mount ains and caves, and t hey dug dit ches half as deep as a man is t all, but t hat did not help t hem against t he command of Allah at all.

び⊥ゲカ ｚ ぽ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ∠ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he t erm given by Allah, when it comes, cannot be delayed) (71:4). Allah says here:

び∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワほ∠プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よグｚ ∠ム∠プぴ (So t hey denied him, and We dest royed t hem.)

∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥カぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ∇ろよ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ぴ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ ∀リΒ͡ョぺ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヴあルま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚゎ∠ Ι∠ぺ ∀ウヤ͡⇒∠タ ン ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ゲ∃ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠∇シぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ (141. Thamud denied t he Messengers.) (142. When t heir brot her Salih said t o t hem: "Will you not have Taqwa'') (143. "I am a t rust wort hy Messenger t o you.'') (144. "So, have Taqwa of Allah, and obey me.'') (145. "No reward do I ask of you for it ; my reward is only from t he Lord of Al` Alamin.'')

Salih and the People of Thamud Here Allah t ells us about His servant and Messenger Salih, whom He sent t o his people Thamud. They were Arabs living in t he cit y of Al-Hij r -- which is bet ween Wadi Al-Qura and Great er Syria. Their locat ion is well known. In our explanat ion of Surat Al-A` raf, we ment ioned t he Hadit hs which t ell how t he Messenger of Allah passed by t heir dwelling place when he want ed t o launch a raid on Syria. He went as far as Tabuk, t hen he went back t o Al-Madinah t o prepare himself for t he campaign. Thamud came aft er ` Ad and before Ibrahim, peace be upon him. Their Prophet Salih called t hem t o Allah, t o worship Him alone wit h no part ner or associat e, and t o obey what ever commands were conveyed t o t hem, but t hey refused, rej ect ing him and opposing him. He t old t hem t hat he did not seek any reward from t hem for his call t o t hem, but t hat he would seek t he reward for t hat wit h Allah. Then he reminded t hem of t he blessings of Allah.

ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヴ͡プ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ や∠￢ べ∠レワ⊥ ゅ∠ワ ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇わゎ⊥ ぺ∠ぴ - ∀ユΒ͡ツ∠ワ ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ ∇ヤデ ∠ モ ∃ ∇ガル∠ ヱ∠ ネ ∃ ヱ⊥ケコ⊥ ヱ∠ - ラ ∃ ヲ⊥Βハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ リ ∠ Β͡ワゲ͡ ⇒∠プ ゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥Βよ⊥ メ ͡ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わエ ͡ ∇レゎ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ Β͡プゲ͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡トゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ダΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘΑ⊥ (146. "Will you be left secure in t hat which you have here'') (147. "In gardens and springs.'') (148. "And crops and dat e palms wit h soft clust ers.'') (149. "And you hew out in t he mount ains, houses wit h great skill.'') (150. "So, have Taqwa of Allah, and obey me.'') (151. "And follow not t he command of t he ext ravagant ,'') (152. Who make mischief in t he land, and reform not .'')

A Reminder to Them of their Circumstances and the Blessings

They enj oyed Salih preached t o t hem, warning t hem t hat t he punishment of Allah could overt ake t hem and reminding t hem of t he blessings t hat Allah had best owed upon t hem, by giving t hem ample provision and making t hem safe from all kinds of dangers, giving t hem gardens and flowing springs, and bringing fort h for t hem crops and fruit s.

び∀ユΒ͡ツ∠ワ ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ ∇ヤデ ∠ モ ∃ ∇ガル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and dat e palms wit h soft clust ers.) Al-` Awfi narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas, "Ripe and rich.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat t his meant growing luxuriant ly. Isma` il bin Abi Khalid narrat ed from ` Amr bin Abi ` Amr -- who met t he Companions -- from Ibn ` Abbas t hat t his means, "When it becomes ripe and soft .'' This was narrat ed by Ibn Abi Hat im, t hen he said: "And somet hing similar was narrat ed from Abu Salih.''

びリ ∠ Β͡ワゲ͡ ⇒∠プ ゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥Βよ⊥ メ ͡ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わエ ͡ ∇レゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And you hew out in t he mount ains, houses wit h great skill.) Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers said, "Wit h great skill.'' According t o anot her report from him: "They were greedy and ext ravagant .'' This was t he view of Muj ahid and anot her group. There is no cont radict ion bet ween t he t wo views, because t hey built t he houses which t hey carved in t he mount ains as a form of ext ravagant play, wit h no need for t hem as dwelling places. They were highly skilled in t he art s of masonry and st one-carving, as is well known t o anyone who has seen t heir st ruct ures. So, Salih said t o t hem:

びラ ͡ ヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プぴ (So, have Taqwa of Allah, and obey me.) Pay at t ent ion t o t hat which could benefit you in t his world and t he Hereaft er; worshipping your Lord Who creat ed you, who grant ed you provisions so t hat you could worship Him alone and glorify Him morning and evening.

ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - リ ∠ Β͡プゲ͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡トゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ダΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや (And follow not t he command of t he ext ravagant , who make mischief in t he land, and reform not .) meaning, t heir chiefs and leaders, who called t hem t o Shirk, disbelief and opposit ion t o t he t rut h.

ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲエ ｚジ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま る∃ Α∠ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほプ∠ ゅ∠レヤ⊥∇んョあ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ュ∃ ヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ⊥ ∇ゲセ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゆ∇ゲ͡セ ゅ∠ヰャｚ ∀る∠ホゅ∠ル ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ

- ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ グ∠ カ ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ￢∃ ヲ⊥ジよ͡ ゅ∠ワヲぁジヨ∠ ゎ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゆ ⊥ や∠グ∠バ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ョギ͡ ⇒∠ル ∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥ゲボ∠ バ∠ プ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥ワゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ る⇔ Α∠ Ε ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ び-ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ (153. They said: "You are only of t hose bewit ched!'') (154. "You are but a human being like us. Then bring us a sign if you are of t he t rut hful.'') (155. He said: "Here is a she-camel: it has a right t o drink (wat er), and you have a right t o drink (wat er) (each) on a day, known.'') (156. "And t ouch her not wit h harm, lest t he t orment of a Great Day should seize you.'') (157. But t hey killed her, and t hen t hey became regret f ul.) (158. So, t he t orment overt ook t hem. Verily, in t his is indeed a sign, yet most of t hem are not believers.) (159. And verily, your Lord He is indeed t he All-Might y, t he Most Merciful.)

The Response of Thamud, Their Demand for a Sign, and Their Punishment Allah t ells us how Thamud responded t o t heir Prophet Salih, upon him be peace, when he called t hem t o worship t heir Lord, may He be glorified.

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲエ ｚジ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "You are only of t hose bewit ched!'') Muj ahid said, "They meant he was one affect ed by wit chcraft .'' Then t hey said:

びゅ∠レヤ⊥∇んョあ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョぴ (You are but a human being like us.) meaning, ` how can you receive Revelat ion when we do not ' This is like t he Ayah where t hey are described as saying:

- ゲ∀ セ ͡ ぺ∠ ∀ゆやｚグ∠ミ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ゅ∠レレ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ミあグャや ヴ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャ￢⊥ ぺ∠ぴ び ゲ⊥ セ ͡Ι ｘやゆ ⊥ やｚグム∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ ョｚ や⇔ギ∠ビ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Β∠シ ("Is it t hat t he Reminder is sent t o him alone from among us Nay, he is an insolent liar!'' Tomorrow t hey will come t o know who is t he liar, t he insolent one!) (54:26-27) Then t hey asked him for a sign t o prove t hat what he brought t o t hem from t heir Lord was t he t rut h. A crowd of t hem gat hered and demanded t hat he immediat ely bring fort h from t he rock a shecamel t hat was t en mont hs pregnant , and t hey point ed t o a cert ain rock in t heir midst . Allah's

Prophet Salih made t hem promise t hat if he responded t o t heir request , t hey would believe in him and follow him. So t hey agreed t o t hat . The Prophet of Allah Salih, peace be upon him, st ood and prayed, t hen he prayed t o Allah t o grant t hem t heir request . Then t he rock t o which t hey had point ed split open, revealing a she-camel t hat was t en mont hs pregnant , excact ly as t hey had request ed. So some of t hem believed, but most of t hem disbelieved.

ュ∃ ヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ⊥ ∇ゲセ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゆ∇ゲ͡セ ゅ∠ヰャｚ ∀る∠ホゅ∠ル ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び (He said: "Here is a she-camel: it has a right t o drink (wat er), and you have a right t o drink (wat er) (each) on a day, known.) meaning, ` she will drink from your wat er one day, and on t he next day you will drink from it .'

び ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ グ∠ カ ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ￢∃ ヲ⊥ジよ͡ ゅ∠ワヲぁジヨ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t ouch her not wit h harm, lest t he t orment of a Great Day should seize you.) He warned t hem of t he punishment of Allah if t hey should do her any harm. The she-camel st ayed among t hem for a while, drinking t he wat er, eat ing leaves and grazing, and t hey benefit t ed from her milk which t hey t ook in sufficient quant it ies for every one t o drink his fill. Aft er t his had gone on for a long t ime, and t he t ime for t heir dest ruct ion drew near, t hey conspired t o kill her:

び⊥ゆや∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ョギ͡ ⇒∠ル ∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥ゲボ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ぴ (But t hey killed her, and t hen t hey became regret ful. So, t he t orment overt ook t hem.) Their land was shaken by a st rong eart hquake, and t here came t o t hem an overwhelming Sayhah (shout ) which t ook t heir heart s from t heir places. They were overt aken by event s which t hey were not expect ing, so t hey were left (dead), lying prost rat e in t heir homes.

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥ワゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ る⇔ Α∠ Ε ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (Verily, in t his is indeed a sign, yet most of t hem are not believers. And verily your Lord, He is indeed t he All-Might y, t he Most Merciful.)

∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥カぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヅ ∃ ヲ⊥ャ ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ろよ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ぴ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ ∀リΒ͡ョぺ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヴルあ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ Ι∠ぺ ∀ヅヲ⊥ャ

ン ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ゲ∃ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ほ∠∇シぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ (160. The people of Lut denied t he Messengers.) (161. When t heir brot her Lut said t o t hem: "Will you not have Taqwa'') (162. "Verily, I am a t rust wort hy Messenger t o you.'') (163. "So, have Taqwa of Allah, and obey me.'') (164. "No reward do I ask of you for it ; my reward is only from t he Lord of all t hat exit s.'')

Lut and His Call Here Allah t ells us about His servant and Messenger Lut , peace be upon him. He was Lut bin Haran bin Azar, t he nephew of Ibrahim Al-Khalil, upon him be peace. Allah sent him t o a might y nat ion during t he lifet ime of Ibrahim, peace be upon t hem bot h. They lived in Sadum (Sodom) and it s environs, where Allah dest royed t hem and t urned t he area int o a put rid, st inking lake, which is well-known in t he land of Al-Ghur ぴt he Jordan Valleyび, bordering t he mount ains of Jerusalem, bet ween t he mount ains and t he land of Al-Karak and Ash-Shawbak. He called t hem t o Allah, t o worship Him alone wit h no part ner or associat e, and t o obey t he Messenger whom Allah sent t o t hem. He forbade from disobeying Allah and commit t ing t he sin t hat t hey had invent ed which was unknown on eart h before t heir t ime; int ercourse wit h males inst ead of wit h females. Allah said:

ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ や∠ゲ∇ミグぁ ャや ∠ラヲ⊥ゎ∇ほ∠ゎ∠ぺぴ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キゅ∠ハ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇モよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡ィゲ∠ ∇ガヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャ∠ ヅ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤΑ ヮ͡ わ∠ レ∠ゎ ∇ユャｚ リ͡ゃャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ びリ ∠ Β͡ヤ⇒∠ボ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡ヨ∠ バ∠ ャ͡ ヴあルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ｚ レ∠ プ∠ -∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅｚヨョ͡ ヴ͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡レイ ͡ ルｚ ゆ ∂ ケ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲョｚ キ∠ ｚユを⊥ -リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒∠ピ∇ャや ヴ͡プ や⇔コヲ⊥イハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ -リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ト ∠ ョ∠ ￢べ∠ジプ∠ や⇔ゲ∠トョｚ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲト ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ -リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ ∇Ιや ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ る⇔ Α∠ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ -リ ∠ Α͡ケグ∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや び-ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ (165. "Go you in unt o t he males of Al-` Alamin (people),'') (166. "And leave t hose whom Allah has creat ed for you t o be your wives Nay, you are a t respassing people!'') (167. They said: "If

you cease not , O Lut , verily, you will be one of t hose who are driven out !'') (168. He said: "I am indeed of t hose who disapprove wit h severe anger and fury your behavior.'') (169. "My Lord! Save me and my family from what t hey do.'') (170. So, We saved him and his family, all,) (171. Except an old woman among t hose who remained behind.) (172. Then aft erward We dest royed t he ot hers.) (173. And We rained on t hem a rain, and how evil was t he rain of t hose who had been warned!) (174. Verily, in t his is indeed a sign, yet most of t hem are not believers.) (175. And verily your Lord, He is indeed t he All-Might y, t he Most Merciful.)

Lut's Denunciation of His People's Deeds, Their Response and Their Punishment The Prophet of Allah forbade t hem from commit t ing evil deeds and int ercourse wit h males, and he t aught t hem t hat t hey should have int ercourse wit h t heir wives whom Allah had creat ed for t hem. Their response was only t o say:

び⊥ヅヲ⊥ヤΑ ヮ͡ わ∠ レ∠ゎ ∇ユャｚ リ͡ゃャ∠ぴ (If you cease not , O Lut ,) meaning, ` if you do not give up what you have brought ,'

び∠リΒ͡ィゲ∠ ∇ガヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ∠ルヲ⊥ム∠わ∠ャぴ (verily, you will be one of t hose who are driven out !) meaning, ` we will expel you from among us.' This is like t he Ayah,

メ ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠ヲィ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヰｚ ト ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∀サゅ∠ルぺ⊥ ∇ユヰｚルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ ヅ ∃ ヲ⊥ャ (There was no ot her answer given by his people except t hat t hey said: "Drive out t he family of Lut from your cit y. Verily, t hese are men who want t o be clean and pure!'') (27:56). When he saw t hat t hey would not give up t heir ways, and t hat t hey were persist ing in t heir misguidance, he declared his innocence of t hem, saying:

び∠リΒ͡ヤ⇒∠ボ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡ヨ∠ バ∠ ャ͡ ヴあル͡まぴ (I am, indeed, of t hose who disapprove wit h severe anger and fury) ` Of t hose who are out raged, I do not like it and I do not accept it , and I have not hing t o do wit h you. ' Then he prayed t o Allah against t hem and said:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヴ͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡レイ ͡ ルｚ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ (My Lord! Save me and my family from what t hey do.) Allah says:

ヴ͡プ や⇔コヲ⊥イハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ｚ レ∠ プ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒∠ピ∇ャや (So, We saved him and his family, all. Except an old woman among t hose who remained behind.) This was his wife, who was a bad old woman. She st ayed behind and was dest royed wit h whoever else was left . This is similar t o what Allah says about t hem in Surat Al-A` raf and Surah Hud, and in Surat Al-Hij r, where Allah commanded him t o t ake his family at night , except for his wife, and not t o t urn around when t hey heard t he Sayhah as it came upon his people. So t hey pat ient ly obeyed t he command of Allah and persevered, and Allah sent upon t he people a punishment which st ruck t hem all, and rained upon t hem st ones of baked clay, piled up. Allah says:

びや⇔ゲト ∠ ョｚ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲト ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠Ι ｘ や ゅ∠ル∇ゲョｚ キ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then aft erward We dest royed t he ot hers. And We rained on t hem a rain) unt il Allah's saying;

び ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, your Lord, He is indeed t he All-Might y, t he Most Merciful. )

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや る͡ ム∠ ∇Β⇒∠∇ャ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ぴ び ∀リΒ͡ョぺ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヴあルま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ∀ょ∇Β∠バセ ⊥ ゲ∃ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ほ∠∇シぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ -ラ ͡ ヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ び-リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ∂ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ン ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ (176. The companions of Al-Aykah denied t he Messengers.) (177. When Shu` ayb said t o t hem: "Will you not have Taqwa'') (178. "I am a t rust wort hy Messenger t o you.'') (179. "So, have Taqwa of Allah, and obey me.'') (180. "No reward do I ask of you for it ; my reward is only from t he Lord of Al-` Alamin.'')

Shu` ayb and His Preaching to the Dwellers of Al-Aykah The companions of Al-Aykah were t he people of Madyan, according t o t he most correct view. The Prophet of Allah Shu` ayb was one of t hem, but it does not say here, t heir brot her Shu` ayb, because t hey called t hemselves by a name denot ing t heir deificat ion of Al-Aykah, which was a t ree which t hey used t o worship; it was said t hat it was a group of t rees which were t angled, like t rees in a t hicket . For t his reason, when Allah said t hat t he companions of Al-Aykah denied t he Messengers, He did not say, "When t heir brot her Shu` ayb said t o t hem.'' Rat her, He said:

び∀ょ∇Βバ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ (When Shu` ayb said t o t hem) He is not described as belonging t o t hem because of t he meaning t hat was inherent in t he name given t o t hem even t hough he was t heir brot her by blood. Some people did not not ice t his point , so t hey t hought t hat t he dwellers of Al-Aykah were different from t he people of Madyan, and claimed t hat Shu` ayb was sent t o t wo nat ions; some said t hat he was sent t o t hree.

び͡るム∠ ∇Β⇒∠∇ャ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ぴ (The companions of Al-Aykah) were t he people of Shu` ayb. This was t he view of Ishaq bin Bishr. Someone besides Juwaybir said, "The dwellers of Al-Aykah and t he people of Madyan are one and t he same.'' And Allah knows best . Alt hough t here is anot her opinion t hat t hey were different nat ions wit h t wo ident it ies, t he correct view is t hat t hey were one nat ion, but t hey are described different ly in different places. Shu` ayb preached t o t hem and commanded t hem t o be fair in t heir weight s and measures, t he same as is ment ioned in t he st ory of Madyan, which also indicat es t hat t hey were t he same nat ion.

∇やヲ⊥ルコ͡ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ∇ガヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βム∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥プ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ び ユ͡ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや サ ͡ ゅ∠ト∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヴ͡プ ∇や∇ヲん∠ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢べ∠Β∇セぺ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ∇やヲ⊥ジガ ∠ ∇らゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ び-リ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘョ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケ∇Ιや び-リ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ ∇Ιや る∠ ヤｚら͡ イ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ (181. "Give full measure, and cause no loss (t o ot hers).'') (182. "And weigh wit h t he t rue and st raight balance.'') (183. "And defraud not people by reducing t heir t hings, nor do evil, making corrupt ion and mischief in t he land.'') (184. "And have Taqwa of Him Who creat ed you and t he generat ions of t he men of old.'')

The Command to give Full Measure Allah commanded t hem t o give f ull measure, and forbade t hem t o give short measure. He said:

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ∇ガヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βム∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥プ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ

(Give full measure, and cause no loss.) meaning, ` when you give t o people, give t hem full measure, and do not cause loss t o t hem by giving t hem short measure, while t aking full measure when you are t he ones who are t aking. Give as you t ake, and t ake as you give.'

び ユ͡ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや サ ͡ ゅ∠ト∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ル͡コ∠ヱぴ (And weigh wit h t he t rue and st raight balance.) The balance is t he scales.

び∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠Β∇セぺ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ∇やヲ⊥ジガ ∠ ∇らゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And defraud not people by reducing t heir t hings,) means, do not short change t hem.

び∠リΑ͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘョ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇や∇ヲん∠ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor do evil, making corrupt ion and mischief in t he land.) means, by engaging in bandit ry. This is like t he Ayah,

び∠ラヱ⊥ギハ ͡ ヲ⊥ゎ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ あモム⊥ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギバ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And sit not on every road, t hreat ening) (7:86).

び ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや る∠ ヤｚら͡ イ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And have Taqwa of Him Who creat ed you and t he generat ions of t he men of old. ) Here he is fright ening t hem wit h t he punishment of Allah Who creat ed t hem and creat ed t heir forefat hers. This is like when Musa, peace be upon him, said:

び∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ も͡ べ∠よや∠￢ ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ぴ (Your Lord and t he Lord of your ancient fat hers!) (26:26). Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, As-Suddi, Sufyan bin ` Uyaynah and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said:

び∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘ や る∠ ヤｚら͡ イ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (t he generat ions of t he men of old.) means, He creat ed t he early generat ions. And Ibn Zayd recit ed:

び⇔やゲΒ͡んミ∠ Κ ６ ら͡ ィ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ｚッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed he (Shayt an) did lead ast ray a great mult it ude of you) (36:62).

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲエ ｚジ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ -リ ∠ Β͡よグ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ ∠マレぁ ヌ ⊥ ルｚ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ∠レヤ⊥∇んョ∂ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ び リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ∂ ゅ⇔ヘ∠ジミ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇テボ͡ ∇シほ∠プ∠ び-リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや び-∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヴ∂よケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ る͡ ヤｚヌ ぁ ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よグｚ ム∠ プ∠ び-ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥ワゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ る⇔ Α∠ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ び-ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ (185. They said: "You are only one of t hose bewit ched!'') (186. "You are but a human being like us and verily, we t hink t hat you are one of t he liars!'') (187. "So, cause a piece of t he heaven t o fall on us, if you are of t he t rut hful!'') (188. He said: "My Lord is t he Best Knower of what you do.'') (189. But t hey denied him, so t he t orment of t he Day of Shadow (a gloomy cloud) seized t hem. Indeed t hat was t he t orment of a Great Day.) (190. Verily, in t his is indeed a sign, yet most of t hem are not believers.) (191. And verily your Lord, He is indeed t he All-Might y, t he Most Merciful.)

The Response of Shu` ayb's People, Their Disbelief in Him and the coming of the Punishment upon Them Allah t ells us how his people responded, and how it was like t he response of Thamud t o t heir Messenger -- for t hey were of like mind -- when t hey said:

び∠リΑ͡ゲエ ｚジ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ

(You are only one of t hose bewit ched!) meaning, ` you are one of t hose who are affect ed by wit chcraft .'

リ ∠ Β͡よグ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ ∠マレぁ ヌ ⊥ ルｚ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ∠レヤ⊥∇んョあ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び (You are but a human being like us and verily, we t hink t hat you are one of t he liars!) means, ` we t hink you are deliberat ely lying t o us in what you say, and Allah has not sent you t o us.'

び͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ヘ∠ジミ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇テボ͡ ∇シほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So cause a piece of t he heaven t o fall on us,) Ad-Dahhak said: "One side of t he heavens.'' Qat adah said: "A piece of t he heaven.'' As-Suddi said: "A punishment from heaven.'' This is like what t he Quraysh said, as Allah t ells us:

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゲ∠ イ ⊥ ∇ヘゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔ハヲら⊥ ∇レΑ∠ (And t hey say: "We shall not believe in you, unt il you cause a spring t o gush fort h from t he eart h for us) unt il:

∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヘジ ∠ ミ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヨハ ∠ コ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや テ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ジゎ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡らホ∠ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ (Or you cause t he heaven t o fall upon us in pieces, as you have pret ended, or you bring Allah and t he angels before (us) face t o face.'') (17:90-92)

ポ ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠イェ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ゲト ͡ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ (And (remember) when t hey said: "O Allah! If t his is indeed t he t rut h from You, t hen rain down st ones on us from t he sky....'') (8:32). Similarly, t hese ignorant disbelievers said:

び͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ヘ∠ジミ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇テボ͡ ∇シほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So, cause a piece of t he heaven t o fall on us, if you are of t he t rut hful!)

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヴあよケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "My Lord is t he Best Knower of what you do.'') means, ` Allah knows best about you, and if you deserve t hat , He will punish you t herewit h, and He will not t reat you unj ust ly.' So t his is what happened t o t hem -- as t hey asked for -- an exact recompense. Allah says:

ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ る͡ ヤｚヌ ぁ ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よグｚ ∠ム∠プぴ び ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ (But t hey denied him, so t he t orment of t he Day of Shadow seized t hem. Indeed t hat was t he t orment of a Great Day.) This is what t hey asked for, when t hey asked for a part of t he heaven t o fall upon t hem. Allah made t heir punishment in t he form of int ense heat which overwhelmed t hem for seven days, and not hing could prot ect t hem from it . Then He sent a cloud t o shade t hem, so t hey ran t owards it t o seek it s shade from t he heat . When all of t hem had gat hered underneat h it , Allah sent sparks of fire and flames and int ense heat upon t hem, and caused t he eart h t o convulse beneat h t hem, and He sent against t hem a might y Sayhah which dest royed t heir souls. Allah says:

び∃ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Indeed t hat was t he t orment of a Great Day.) Allah has ment ioned how t hey were dest royed in t hree places in t he Qur'an, in each of which it is described in a manner which fit s t he cont ext . In Surat Al-A` raf He says t hat t he eart hquake seized t hem, and t hey lay (dead), prost rat e in t heir homes. This was because t hey said:

リ͡ョ マ ∠ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ょ ⊥ ∇Βバ∠ ゼ ⊥ ⇒Α マ ∠ レｚ ィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガレ⊥ ャ∠ぴ びゅ∠レわ͡ ヤｚョ͡ ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ キ⊥ ヲ⊥バわ∠ ャ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠レわ͡ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ("We shall cert ainly drive you out , O Shu` ayb, and t hose who have believed wit h you from our t own, or else you (all) shall ret urn t o our religion.'') (7:88). They had sought t o scare t he Prophet of Allah and t hose who followed him, so t hey were seized by t he eart hquake. In Surah Hud, Allah says:

び⊥るエ ∠ ∇Βダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや れ ͡ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And As-Sayhah seized t he wrongdoers) (11:94). This was because t hey mocked t he Allah's Prophet when t hey said:

ラ∠ぺ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ルぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや￢ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇わルｚ ラ∠ぺ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ マ ∠ ゎ⊥ ヲ∠ ヤ∠タ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ユ⊥ Β͡ヤエ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ル∂Ι マ ∠ ルｚま͡ や⊥ぽゼ ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レャ͡や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇ヘルｚ び⊥ギΒ͡セゲｚ ャや ("Does your Salah command t hat we give up what our fat hers used t o worship, or t hat we give up doing what we like wit h our propert y Verily, you are t he forbearer, right -minded!'') (11:87). They had said t his in a mocking, sarcast ic t one, so it was befit t ing t hat t he Sayhah should come and silence t hem, as Allah says:

びる⊥ エ ∠ ∇Βｚダャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So As-Saihah overt ook t hem) (15:73).

び⊥るエ ∠ ∇Βダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや れ ͡ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And As-Saihah seized t he wrongdoers) (11:94). And here, t hey said:

び͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ヘ∠ジミ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇テボ͡ ∇シほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So, cause a piece of t he heaven t o fall on us,) in a st ubborn and obst inat e manner. So, it was fit t ing t hat somet hing t hey never t hought would happen should befall t hem:

ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ る͡ ヤｚヌ ぁ ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ び∃ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ (so t he t orment of t he Day of Shadow seized t hem. Indeed t hat was t he t orment of a Great Day.) Muhammad bin Jarir narrat ed from Yazid Al-Bahili: "I asked Ibn ` Abbas about t his Ayah:

び͡るヤｚヌ ぁ ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (so t he t orment of t he Day of Shadow seized t hem. ) He said: ` Allah sent upon t hem t hunder and int ense heat , and it t errified t hem ぴso t hey ent ered t heir houses and it pursued t hem t o t he innermost part s of t heir houses and t errified t hem furt herび, and t hey ran fleeing from t heir houses int o t he fields. Then Allah sent upon t hem clouds which shaded t hem from t he sun, and t hey found it cool and pleasant , so t hey called out t o one anot her unt il t hey had all gat hered beneat h t he cloud, t hen Allah sent fire upon t hem.' Ibn ` Abbas said, ` That was t he t orment of t he Day of Shadow, indeed t hat was t he t orment of a Great Day.'''

- リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ る⇔ Α∠ Ε ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ (Verily, in t his is an Ayah, yet most of t hem are not believers. And verily, your Lord, He is t ruly, t he All-Might y, t he Most Merciful.) (26:8-9) meaning, He is All-Might y in His punishment of t he disbelievers, and Most Merciful t owards His believing servant s.

ゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや ヮ͡ よ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ モ ⊥ Α͡ゴレ∠わャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ジヤ͡よ͡ - リ ∠ Α͡ケグ͡ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ -リ ⊥ Β͡ョΙ ｘや びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ヴ ｙ よ͡ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ (192. And t ruly, t his is a revelat ion from t he Lord of all t hat exist s,) (193. Which t he t rust wort hy Ruh (Jibril) has brought down.) (194. Upon your heart t hat you may be (one) of t he warners,) (195. In t he plain Arabic language.)

The Qur'an was revealed by Allah Here Allah t ells us about t he Book which He revealed t o His servant and Messenger Muhammad.

び⊥ヮルｚ ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (And t ruly, t his) refers t o t he Qur'an, which at t he beginning of t he Surah was described as

び∃ゐ∠ギ∇エョ⊥ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゲ∃ ∇ミク͡ リあョ ユ͡ヰΒ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and never comes t here unt o t hem a Reminder as a recent revelat ion from t he Most Gracious...) (26:5).

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ モ ⊥ Α͡ゴレ∠わャ∠ぴ (is a revelat ion from t he Lord of Al-` Alamin.) means, Allah has sent it down t o you and revealed it t o you.

びリ ⊥ Β͡ョΙ ｘやゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや ヮ͡ よ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ ぴ (Which t he t rust wort hy Ruh has brought down.) This refers t o Jibril, peace be upon him. This was t he view of more t han one of t he Salaf: Ibn ` Abbas, Muhammad bin Ka` b, Qat adah,

` At iyyah Al-` Awfi, As-Suddi, Ad-Dahhak, Az-Zuhri and Ibn Jurayj . This is an issue concerning which t here is no disput e. Az-Zuhri said, "This is like t he Ayah:

マ ∠ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゴｚ ル∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ モ ∠ Α͡ゲ∇らイ ͡ ャあ や６ヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び͡ヮ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホギあ ダ ∠ ョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ (Say: "Whoever is an enemy t o Jibril -- for indeed he has brought it down t o your heart by Allah's permission, confirming what came before it ...'') (2:97).

び∠マら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ぴ (Upon your heart ) ` O Muhammad, free from any cont aminat ion, wit h not hing added or t aken away.'

び∠リΑ͡ケグ͡ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ム∠わ͡ャぴ (t hat you may be of t he warners,) means, ` so t hat you may warn people wit h it of t he punishment of Allah for t hose who go against it and disbelieve in it , and so t hat you may give glad t idings wit h it t o t he believers who follow it .'

びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ヴ ｙ よ͡ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ジヤ͡よ͡ ぴ (In t he plain Arabic language.) meaning, ` t his Qur'an which We have revealed t o you, We have revealed in perfect and eloquent Arabic, so t hat it may be quit e clear, leaving no room for excuses and est ablishing clear proof, showing t he st raight pat h.'

ラ∠ぺ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ リ⊥ムΒ∠ ∇ヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ゲ͡ よ⊥ コ⊥ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ヂ ͡ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャゴｚ ル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヲ∠ ヤ∠Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ヨヤ∠ハ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨイ ∠ ∇ハΙ ｘや び-リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ やヲ⊥ルゅミ∠ ゅｚョ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ロ⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ (196. And verily, it is in t he Zubur of t he former people.) (197. Is it not a sign t o t hem t hat t he learned scholars of t he Children of Israel knew it ) (198. And if We had revealed it unt o any of t he non-Arabs,) (199. And he had recit ed it unt o t hem, t hey would not have believed in it .)

The Qur'an was mentioned in the Previous Scriptures

Allah says: t his Qur'an was ment ioned and referred t o in t he previous Script ures t hat were left behind by t heir Prophet s who foret old it in ancient t imes and more recent ly. Allah t ook a covenant from t hem t hat t hey would follow it , and t he last of t hem st ood and addressed his people wit h t he good news of Ahmad:

ヴあルま͡ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レら∠ Α ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ ン ｚ ギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョぁ ユ⊥ム∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇シや ン͡ギ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シゲ∠ よ͡ や⇔ゲあゼら∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや び⊥ギヨ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ (And (remember) when ` Isa, son of Maryam, said: "O Children of Israel! I am t he Messenger of Allah unt o you, confirming t he Tawrah before me, and giving glad t idings of a Messenger t o come aft er me, whose name shall be Ahmad.) (61:6) Zubur here refers t o Books; Zubur is t he plural of Az-Zabur, which is also t he name used t o refer t o t he Book given t o Dawud. Allah says:

び ゲ͡ よ⊥ ゴぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And everyt hing t hey have done is not ed in t he Az-Zubur.) (54:52), meaning, it is recorded against t hem in t he books of t he angels. Then Allah says:

ヴ͡レよ∠ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ヨヤ∠ハ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ リ⊥ムΒ∠ ∇ヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び∠モΑ͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ (Is it not a sign t o t hem t hat t he learned scholars of t he Children of Israel knew it ) meaning, is it not sufficient wit ness t o t he t rut h for t hem t hat t he scholars of t he Children of Israel found t his Qur'an ment ioned in t he Script ures which t hey st udy The meaning is: t he fair-minded among t hem admit t ed t hat t he at t ribut es of Muhammad and his mission and his Ummah were ment ioned in t heir Books, as was st at ed by t hose among t hem who believed, such as ` Abdullah bin Salam, Salman Al-Farisi and ot hers who met t he Prophet . Allah said:

びｚヴョあ Ε ⊥ やヴ ｚ ら͡ レｚ ャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who follow t he Messenger, t he Prophet who can neit her read nor writ e ...) (7:157)

The Intense Disbelief of Quraysh Then Allah t ells us how int ense t he disbelief of Quraysh was, and how st ubbornly t hey resist ed t he Qur'an. If t his Book wit h all it s eloquence had been revealed t o a non-Arab who did not know one word of Arabic, t hey st ill would not have believed in him. Allah says:

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨイ ∠ ∇ハｘΙや ヂ ͡ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャゴｚ ル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び-リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ロ⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ (And if We had revealed it unt o any of t he non-Arabs, And he had recit ed it unt o t hem, t hey would not have believed in it .) And Allah says:

ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲぁヤヌ ∠ プ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔よゅ∠よ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ ∇れゲ∠ ムあ シ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ (And even if We opened t o t hem a gat e from t he heaven and t hey were t o keep on ascending t heret o. They would surely say: "Our eyes have been dazzled...'') (15:14-15)

びヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚミ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ∠ル ゅ∠レルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And even if We had sent down unt o t hem angels, and t he dead had spoken unt o t hem...) (6:111)

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, t hose, against whom t he Word of your Lord has been j ust ified, will not believe.) (10:96)

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヶ͡プ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ∠シ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ユ⊥ヰΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ - ユ∠ Β͡ャΙ ｘ や ∠ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ∠ レ⊥ョ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇モワ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レシ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バわｚ ョｚ ラ͡ま ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠レよ͡ や∠グバ∠ ら͡ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ べ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ べ∠ィ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ム∠ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ Α⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ͡ レ⊥ョ

び-リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ (200. Thus have We caused it t o ent er t he heart s of t he criminals.) (201. They will not believe in it unt il t hey see t he painful t orment .) (202. It shall come t o t hem of a sudden, while t hey perceive it not .) (203. Then t hey will say: "Can we be respit ed'') (204. Would t hey t hen wish for Our t orment t o be hast ened on) (205. Think, if We do let t hem enj oy for years,) (206. And aft erwards comes t o t hem t hat which t hey had been promised.) (207. All t hat wit h which t hey used t o enj oy shall not avail t hem.) (208. And never did We dest roy a t ownship but it had it s warners) (209. By way of reminder, and We have never been unj ust .)

The Deniers will never believe until They see the Torment Allah says: ` t hus We caused denial, disbelief, rej ect ion and st ubbornness t o ent er t he heart s of t he sinners.'

び͡ヮよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (They will not believe in it ), i.e., t he t rut h,

び∠ユΒ͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il t hey see t he painful t orment .) means, when t heir excuses will be of no avail, and t he curse will be upon t hem, and t heirs will be an evil abode.

び⇔るわ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ユ⊥ヰΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ぴ (It shall come t o t hem of a sudden,) means, t he punishment of Allah will come upon t hem suddenly,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ∠ レ⊥ョ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇モワ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (while t hey perceive it not . Then t hey will say: "Can we be respit ed'') means, when t hey see t he punishment , t hen t hey will wish t hey had a lit t le more t ime so t hat t hey can obey Allah -- or so t hey claim. This is like t he Ayah:

び⊥ゆや∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ケ͡ グ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And warn mankind of t he Day when t he t orment will come unt o t hem) unt il:

び∃メや∠ヱコ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ

(t hat you would not leave) (14: 44). When every sinner and evildoer sees his punishment , he will feel int ense regret . Such was t he case of Fir` awn, when Musa prayed against him:

Ι ⇔ や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ Α͡コ ロ⊥ Κ ∂ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ろ ∠ ∇Βゎ∠ や￢ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ (Our Lord! "You have indeed best owed on Fir` awn and his chiefs splendor and wealt h in t he life of t his world) unt il:

びゅ∠ヨム⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ハｚキ ∇ろら∠ Β͡ィぺ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ((Allah) said: "Verily, t he invocat ion of you bot h is accept ed.'') (10:88-89). This supplicat ion had an effect on Fir` awn: he did not believe unt il he saw t he painful t orment :

ヮ∠ ⇒͡ャま͡ Ι ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ろ ⊥ レョ∠ や∠￢ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ベ ⊥ ゲ∠ ピ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ミ∠ ケ∠ ∇キぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ び∠モΑ͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ∇やヲレ∠よ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ろレ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ン͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ (t ill when drowning overt ook him, he said: "I believe t hat none has t he right t o be worshipped but He in Whom t he Children of Israel believe.'') unt il:

び∠リΑ͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ぴ (and you were one of t he mischief -makers) (10:90-91). And Allah says:

び⊥ロギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠レシ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (so when t hey saw Our punishment , t hey said: "We believe in Allah Alone...'') (40:84-85).

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠レよ͡ や∠グバ∠ ら͡ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Would t hey t hen wish for Our t orment t o be hast ened on) This is a denunciat ion and a t hreat , because t hey used t o say t o t he Messenger, by way of denial, t hinking it unlikely ever t o happen:

び͡ヮヤｚャや ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レ͡わ∇もやぴ (Bring Allah's t orment upon us) (29:29). This is as Allah said:

び͡ゆや∠グバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ͡イ∇バ∠わ∇ジ∠Α∠ヱぴ (And t hey ask you t o hast en on t he t orment ...) (29:53-55). Then Allah says:

∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ べ∠ィ ｚユを⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡レシ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バわｚ ョｚ ラ͡ま ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ Α⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ べ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α (Think, if We do let t hem enj oy for years, and aft erwards comes t o t hem t hat which t hey had been promised, all t hat wit h which t hey used t o enj oy shall not avail t hem.) meaning, ` even if We delay t he mat t er and give t hem respit e for a short while or for a long t ime, t hen t he punishment of Allah comes upon t hem, what good will t heir life of luxury do t hem t hen'

ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠エッ ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ Βｚ ゼ ͡ハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ん∠ら∇ヤ∠Α ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ぴ び (The Day t hey see it , (it will be) as if t hey had not t arried (in t his world) except an aft ernoon or a morning) (79:46). And Allah says:

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ る∃ レ∠ シ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ｚヨバ∠ Α⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ キぁ ヲ∠ Α∠ ぴ び∠ゲヨｚ バ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ͡ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ェ ͡ ゴ͡ ∇ェゴ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ (Everyone of t hem wishes t hat he could be given a life of a t housand years. But t he grant of such life will not save him even a lit t le from punishment ) (2:96).

び ンｚキゲ∠ ゎ∠ や∠クま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And what will his wealt h avail him when he goes down) (92:11) Allah says here:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ Α⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ べョ∠ ぴ (All t hat wit h which t hey used t o enj oy shall not avail t hem.) According t o an aut hent ic Hadit h:

メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ る⇔ ジ ∠ ∇ヨビ ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ザ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ピΒ⊥ プ∠ ゲ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ » ∨ぁテホ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡バル∠ ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇モワ∠ ∨ぁテホ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇モワ∠ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠

ゅ⇔シ∇ぽよ⊥ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ギあ セ ∠ ほ∠よ͡ ヴ∠ゎぽ⊥Αヱ∠ ∩あゆケ∠ ゅ∠Α ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ ゅ∠ャ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩⇔るピ∠ ∇らタ ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ヒ⊥ ら∠ ∇ダΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ «ゆ∠ケ ゅ∠Α ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ ゅ∠ャ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨ぁテホ∠ ゅ⇔シ∇ぽよ⊥ ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇モワ∠::ヮ⊥ ャ∠ (The disbelievers will be brought and once dipped int o t he Fire, t hen it will be said t o him: "Did you ever see anyt hing good Did you ever see anyt hing good'' He will say, "No, O Lord!'' Then t he most miserable person who ever lived on eart h will be brought , and he will be put in Paradise for a brief spell, t hen it will be said t o him, "Did you ever see anyt hing bad" He will say, "No, O Lord.'') meaning: as if not hing ever happened. Then Allah t ells us of His j ust ice t owards His creat ion, in t hat He does not dest roy any nat ion unt il aft er He has left t hem wit h no excuse, by warning t hem, sending Messengers t o t hem and est ablishing proof against t hem. He says:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ͡ レ⊥ョ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ム∠ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ ぴ (And never did We dest roy a t ownship but it had it s warners by way of reminder, and We have never been unj ust .) This is like t he Ayat :

び⇔Ιヲ⊥シケ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らル∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡よグあ バ∠ ョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We never punish unt il We have sent a Messenger) (17:15).

ゅ∠ヰョあ ぺ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰョ⊥ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ (And never will your Lord dest roy t he t owns unt il He sends t o t heir mot her t own a Messenger recit ing t o t hem Our Ayat .) unt il;

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ͡ヤ⇒∠ニ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (t he people t hereof are wrongdoers) (28:59).

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠Βｚゼャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ろャ∠ゴｚ レ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱ⊥ゴ∇バヨ∠ ャ∠ ノ͡ ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠

(210. And it is not t he Shayat in (devils) who have brought it down.) (211. Neit her would it suit t hem nor are t hey able.) (212. Verily, t hey have been removed far from hearing it .)

The Qur'an was brought down by Jibril, not Shaytan t ells us about His Book, which falsehood cannot approach from before or behind it , sent down by t he All-Wise, Wort hy of all praise. He st at es t hat it has been brought down by t he t rust wort hy Ruh (i.e., Jibril) who is helped by Allah,

びリ ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠Βｚゼャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ろャ∠ゴｚ レ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And it is not t he Shayat in who have brought it down.) Then He t ells us t hat it could not be t he case for t hree reasons t hat t he Shayat in brought it down. One is t hat it would not suit t hem, i.e., t hey have no desire t o do so and t hey do not want t o, because t heir nat ure is t o corrupt and misguide people, but t his cont ains words enj oining what is right and forbidding what is evil, and light , guidance and might y proofs. There is a big difference bet ween t his and t he Shayat in, Allah says:

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (Neit her would it suit t hem)

び∠ラヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (nor are t hey able.) meaning, even if t hey want ed t o, t hey could not do it . Allah says:

ゅ⇔バ͡ゼ⇒∠カ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ゲ∠ ャｚ モ ∃ ら∠ ィ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや る͡ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ∇リョあ ゅ⇔ハあギダ ∠ わ∠ ョぁ (Had We sent down t his Qur'an on a mount ain, you would surely have seen it humbling it self and rent asunder by t he fear of Allah) (59:21). Then Allah explains t hat even if t hey want ed t o and were able t o bear it and convey it , t hey st ill would not be able t o achieve t hat , because t hey were prevent ed from hearing t he Qur'an when it was brought down, for t he heavens were filled wit h guardians and shoot ing st ars at t he t ime when t he Qur'an was being revealed t o t he Messenger of Allah , so none of t he Shayat in could hear even one let t er of it , lest t here be any confusion in t he mat t er. This is a part of Allah's mercy t owards His servant s, prot ect ion of His Laws, and support for His Book and His Messenger . Allah says:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱ⊥ゴ∇バヨ∠ ャ∠ ノ͡ ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hey have been removed far from hearing it .) This is like what Allah t ells us about t he Jinn:

や⇔ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ⇔ゅシ∠ゲ∠ェ ∇ろゃ∠ ヤ͡ョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ジヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ∠ヨプ∠ ノ͡ ∇ヨジ ｚ ヤ͡ャ ギ∠ バ͡ ⇒∠ボョ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ギ⊥ バ⊥ ∇ボル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚルぺ∠ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ら⊥ヰセ ⊥ ヱ∠ び や⇔ギ∠タケｚ ゅ⇔よゅ∠ヰセ ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ ラ ∠Ι ｘ や ノ͡ ヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (And we have sought t o reach t he heaven; but found it filled wit h st ern guards and flaming fires. And verily, we used t o sit t here in st at ions, t o (st eal) a hearing, but any who list ens now will find a flaming fire wat ching him in ambush.) unt il;

び⇔やギ∠セケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (or whet her t heir Lord int ends for t hem a right pat h) ぴ72:8-10び.

リ ∠ Β͡よｚグバ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ネ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ マ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ∠ ∇ヂヘ͡ ∇カや∠ヱ - リ ∠ Β͡よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘやマ ∠ ゎ∠ ゲ∠ Β͡ゼハ ∠ ∇ケグ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ヴあルま͡ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ポ ∠ ∇ヲダ ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャ͡ ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ゎヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ び ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ポ ∠ や∠ゲΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや - ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや び-ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ -リ ∠ Α͡ギイ ͡ ⇒ｚジャや ヴプ͡ マ ∠ ら∠ ヤぁボ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ (213. So, invoke not wit h Allah anot her god lest you should be among t hose who receive punishment .) (214. And warn your t ribe of near kindred.) (215. And be kind and humble t o t he believers who follow you.) (216. Then if t hey disobey you, say: "I am innocent of what you do.'') (217. And put your t rust in t he All-Might y, t he Most Merciful,) (218. Who sees you when you st and up.) (219. And your movement s among t hose who fall prost rat e.) (220. Verily, He, only He, is t he All-Hearer, t he All-Knower.)

The Command to warn His Tribe of near Kindred Here Allah commands (His Prophet ) t o worship Him alone, wit h no part ner or associat e, and t ells him t hat whoever associat es ot hers in worship wit h Him, He will punish t hem. Then Allah commands His Messenger t o warn his t ribe of near kindred, i.e., t hose who were most closely relat ed t o him, and t o t ell t hem t hat not hing could save any of t hem except for fait h in Allah. Allah also commanded him t o be kind and gent le wit h t he believing servant s of Allah who followed him, and t o disown t hose who disobeyed him, no mat t er who t hey were. Allah said:

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ヴあルま͡ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ポ ∠ ∇ヲダ ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ぴ (Then if t hey disobey you, say: "I am innocent of what you do.'') This specific warning does not cont radict t he general warning; indeed it is a part of it , as Allah says elsewhere:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ ケ∠ グ͡ ル⊥ぺ べｚョ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥わャ͡ぴ (In order t hat you may warn a people whose forefat hers were not warned, so t hey are heedless.) (36:6),

びゅ∠ヰャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ｚュぺ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥わャあぴ (t hat you may warn t he Mot her of t he Towns and all around it ) (42:7),

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ケグ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And warn t herewit h t hose who fear t hat t hey will be gat hered before t heir Lord) (6:51),

び⇔やギ∂ ャぁ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇レゎ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ゲ∠ ゼ あ ら∠ わ⊥ ャ͡ぴ (t hat you may give glad t idings t o t hose who have Taqwa, and warn wit h it t he most quarrelsome people.) (19:97),

び∠ヒヤ∠よ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ルｘΙぴ (t hat I may t herewit h warn you and whomsoever it may reach) (6:19), and

び⊥ロギ⊥ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ケ⊥ ゅレｚャゅ∠プ ゆ ͡ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (but t hose of t he sect s t hat rej ect it , t he Fire will be t heir promised meet ing place) (11:17). According t o Sahih Muslim, ぴt he Prophet said:び

ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ∇リョ͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヶ͡よ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» ゅｚャま͡ ヶ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ｚユを⊥ ∩ｘヶル͡ や∠ゲ∇ダル∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヵ ｘ キ͡ ヲ⊥ヰΑ∠ る͡ ョｚ ほ⊥∇ャや «ケゅｚレャや モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ (By t he One in Whose Hand is my soul, no one from t hese nat ions -- Jewish or Christ ian -- hears of me t hen does not believe in me, but he will ent er Hell.) Many Hadit hs have been narrat ed

concerning t he revelat ion of t his Ayah, some of which we will quot e below: Imam Ahmad, may Allah have mercy on him, recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "When Allah revealed t he Ayah,

びリ ∠ Β͡よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘやマ ∠ ゎ∠ ゲ∠ Β͡ゼハ ∠ ∇ケグ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And warn your t ribe of near kindred.), t he Prophet went t o As-Safa', climbed up and called out ,

«ロゅ∠ェゅ∠ら∠タ ゅ∠Α» (O people!) The people gat hered around him, some coming of t heir own accord and ot hers sending people on t heir behalf t o find out what was happening. The Messenger of Allah said:

∩∠ヵぽ∠ ャ⊥ ヶ͡レよ∠やゅ∠Α ∩∃ゲ∇ヰプ͡ ヶ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠Α ∩͡ょヤ͡ト ｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ヶ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠Α» ギ⊥ Αゲ⊥ゎ モ ͡ ら∠ イ ∠ ∇ャや や∠グワ∠ ウ ͡ ∇ヘジ ∠ よ͡ ゅ⇔ヤ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ «∨ヶ͡ルヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ホギｚ タ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゲ∠ Β͡ピゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ (O Bani ` Abd Al-Mut t alib, O Bani Fihr, O Bani Lu'ayy! What do you t hink, if I t old you t hat t here was a cavalry at t he foot of t his mount ain coming t o at t ack you -- would you believe me) They said, "Yes.'' He said:

«ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ヵ∠ギ∠Α リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ヶあルみ͡プ∠ » (Then I warn you of a great punishment t hat is close at hand.) Abu Lahab said, "May you perish for t he rest of t he day! You only called us t o t ell us t his'' Then Allah revealed:

びょ ｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ヰ∠ ャ∠ ヴ͡よぺ∠ へ∠ギΑ∠ ∇ろらｚ ゎ∠ ぴ (Perish t he t wo hands of Abu Lahab and perish he!) ぴ111:1び This was also recorded by AlBukhari, Muslim, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her said: "When t he Ayah:

びリ ∠ Β͡よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘやマ ∠ ゎ∠ ゲ∠ Β͡ゼハ ∠ ∇ケグ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And warn your t ribe of near kindred) was revealed, t he Messenger of Allah st ood up and said:

る⊥ レ∠ ∇よや る⊥ Βｚ ヘ͡ タ ∠ ゅ∠Α ∩∃ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ る⊥ レ∠ ∇よや る⊥ ヨ∠ デ ͡ ゅ∠プ ゅ∠Α» ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩͡ょヤ͡ト ｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ヶ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠Α ∩͡ょヤ͡ト ｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや͡ギ∇らハ ∠ «ユ⊥わ∇ゃセ ͡ ゅ∠ョ ヶ͡ャゅ∠ョ ∇リョ͡ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ぶ ͡ やリ ∠ ョ͡ (O Fat imah daught er of Muhammad, O Safiyyah daught er of ` Abd Al-Mut t alib, O Bani ` Abd AlMut t alib, I cannot help you before Allah. Ask me for what ever you want of my wealt h.) This was recorded by Muslim. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Qabisah bin Mukhariq and Zuhayr bin ` Amr said: "When t he Ayah:

びリ ∠ Β͡よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘやマ ∠ ゎ∠ ゲ∠ Β͡ゼハ ∠ ∇ケグ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And warn your t ribe of near kindred.) was revealed, t he Messenger of Allah climbed on t op of a rock on t he side of a mount ain and st art ed t o call out :

ヶ͡ヤん∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩∀ゲΑ͡グル∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∩∃フゅ∠レョ∠ ギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ ヶ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠Α» ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ほ⊥よ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ょ ∠ ワ∠ グ∠ プ∠ ｚヱギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ャや ン∠ぺケ∠ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ゲ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Α :ブ ⊥ わ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヵ͡キゅ∠レΑ⊥ モ ∠ バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ロヲ⊥ボら͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ «ロゅ∠ェゅ∠ら∠タ (O Bani ` Abd Manaf, I am indeed a warner, and t he parable of me and you is t hat of a man who sees t he enemy so he goes t o save his family, fearing t hat t he enemy may reach t hem before he does.) And he st art ed t o call out , (O people!) It was also recorded by Muslim and An-Nasa'i. Allah's saying:

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ゎヱ∠ ぴ (And put your t rust in t he All-Might y, t he Most Merciful,) means, ` in all your affairs, for He is your Helper, Prot ect or and Support er, and He is t he One Who will cause you t o prevail and will make your word supreme.'

び ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ポ ∠ や∠ゲΑ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (Who sees you when you st and up. ) means, He is t aking care of you. This is like t he Ayah,

びゅ∠レレ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ルｚみ͡プ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ͡ ∇ムエ ⊥ ャ͡ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タや∠ヱぴ

(So wait pat ient ly for t he decision of your Lord, for verily, you are under Our Eyes) (52:48) Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah,

び ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ポ ∠ や∠ゲΑ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (Who sees you when you st and up.) means, "To pray.'' ` Ikrimah said: "He sees him when he st ands and bows and prost rat es.'' Al-Hasan said:

び ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ポ ∠ や∠ゲΑ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (Who sees you when you st and up.) "When you pray alone.'' Ad-Dahhak said:

び ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ポ ∠ や∠ゲΑ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (Who sees you when you st and up.) "When you are lying in bed and when you are sit t ing.'' Qat adah said:

び∠ポや∠ゲΑ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (Who sees you) "When you are st anding, when you are sit t ing, and in all ot her sit uat ions.''

びリ ∠ Α͡ギイ ͡ ⇒ｚジャや ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ら∠ ヤぁボ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And your movement s among t hose who fall prost rat e.) Qat adah said:

び ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ポ ∠ や∠ゲΑ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ び-リ ∠ Α͡ギイ ͡ ⇒ｚジャや ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ら∠ ヤぁボ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ (Who sees you when you st and up. And your movement s among t hose who fall prost rat e.) "When you pray, He sees you when you pray alone and when you pray in congregat ion.'' This was also t he view of ` Ikrimah, ` At a' Al-Khurasani and Al-Hasan Al-Basri.

び ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, He, only He, is t he All-Hearer, t he All-Knower.) He hears all t hat His servant s say and He knows all t heir movement s, as He says:

ラ ∃ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇わゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∃ ∇ほセ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ∇クま͡ や⇔キヲ⊥ヰセ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ モ ∃ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ び͡ヮΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツΒ͡ヘゎ⊥ (Neit her you do any deed nor recit e any port ion of t he Qur'an, nor you do any deed, but We are Wit ness t hereof, when you are doing it ) (10:61).

メ ⊥ ゴｚ レ∠ ゎ∠ - リ ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠Βｚゼャや メ ⊥ ゴｚ レ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらル∠ ぺ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ノ∠ ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ - ユ∃ Β͡をぺ∠ ポ ∃ ゅｚプぺ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ヱゅ∠ピ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ バ⊥ ら͡ ｚわΑ∠ ￢⊥ へ∠ゲバ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ミ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ヰΑ∠ キ∃ や∠ヱ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ͡ニ ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヱゲ⊥ ダ ∠ わ∠ ルや∠ヱ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ∠ ク∠ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Α ょ ∃ ヤ∠ボ∠ レ⊥ョ ン ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇ユヤ∠∇バΒ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ (221. Shall I inform you upon whom t he Shayat in descend) (222. They descend on every lying, sinful person (At him).) (223. Who gives ear, and most of t hem are liars.) (224. As for t he poet s, t he ast ray follow t hem,) (225. See you not t hat t hey speak about every subj ect in t heir poet ry) (226. And t hat t hey say what t hey do not do.) (227. Except t hose who believe and do right eous deeds, and remember Allah much and vindicat e t hemselves aft er t hey have been wronged. And t hose who do wrong will come t o know by what overt urning t hey will be overt urned.)

Refutation of the Fabrications of the Idolators Here Allah addresses t hose idolat ors who claimed t hat what was brought by t he Messenger was not t he t rut h but was merely somet hing t hat he had made up by himself, or t hat it came t o him in visions from t he Jinn. Allah st at ed t hat His Messenger was above t heir claims and fabricat ions, and t hat what he had brought did indeed come from Allah, and t hat it was a revelat ion and inspirat ion, brought down by a noble, t rust wort hy and might y angel. It did not come from t he Shayat in, because t hey have no desire for anyt hing like t his Noble Qur'an -- t hey descend upon t hose who are like t hem, t he lying fort une-t ellers. Allah says:

び∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ らあ ル∠ ぺ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ぴ (Shall I inform you) meaning, shall I t ell you,

メ ⊥ ゴｚ レ∠ ゎ∠ - リ ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠Βｚゼャや メ ⊥ ゴｚ レ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらル∠ ぺ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ぴ び ユ∃ Β͡をぺ∠ ポ ∃ ゅｚプぺ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (upon whom t he Shayat in descend They descend on every lying, sinful person (At him)) meaning, one whose speech is lies and fabricat ion.

び∃ユΒ͡をぺ∠ぴ (At him) means, whose deeds are immoral. This is t he person upon whom t he Shayat in descend, fort une-t ellers and ot her sinful liars. The Shayat in are also sinful liars.

び∠ノ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ぴ (Who gives ear, ) means, t hey t ry t o overhear what is said in t he heavens, and t hey t ry t o hear somet hing of t he Unseen, t hen t hey add t o it a hundred lies and t ell it t o t heir human comrades, who t hen t ell it t o ot hers. Then t he people believe everyt hing t hey say because t hey were right about t he one t hing which was heard from t he heavens. This was st at ed in an aut hent ic Hadit h recorded by Al-Bukhari from ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, who said, "The people asked t he Prophet about fort une-t ellers, and he said:

«￢∇ヶゼ ∠ よ͡ やヲ⊥ジ∇Βャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡» (They are not hing.) They said: "O Messenger of Allah, t hey say t hings t hat come t rue.'' The Prophet said:

ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ ホ͡ ∇ゲボ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ヶ ぁ レあイ ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰヘ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ » ゅ∠ヰバ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥トヤ͡∇ガΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ァゅ∠ィギｚ ャや り͡ ゲ∠ ホ∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ミ∠ ヮ͡ Βあ ャ͡ヱ∠ ラ ͡ ク⊥ ぺ⊥ ヶ͡プ «る∠よ∇グミ∠ る͡ も∠ ゅ͡ョ ∇リョ͡ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ (That is a word of t rut h which t he Jinn snat ches, t hen he gabbles it like t he clucking of a chicken int o t he ear of his friend, but he mixes it wit h more t han one hundred lies.) Al-Bukhari also recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "The Prophet said:

ろ ͡ よ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ゲ∠ ∇ョほ∠∇ャや ぶ ⊥ や ヴ∠ツホ∠ や∠クま͡» る∀ ヤ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヤシ ͡ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ∠ほ∠ミ ∩͡ヮャ͡∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠バ∇ツカ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰわ͡ エ ∠ レ͡ ∇ィほ∠よ͡ る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや や∠クゅ∠ョ :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇リハ ∠ ネ ∠ ゴあ プ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∃ラや∠ヲ∇ヘタ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヶ ぁ ヤ͡バ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ｚペエ ∠ ∇ャや :(メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヵ͡グヤｚャ͡) やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∨∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヲ⊥ホゲ͡ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡ノ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ⊥ホゲ͡ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ゲΒ͡らム∠ ∇ャや ラ ⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ヘシ ⊥ ブ ∠ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ や∠グム∠ ワ∠ ノ͡ ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや る∠ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ バ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠タぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ キ∠ ギｚ よ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰプ∠ ゲｚ エ ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ∇リョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ⊥ カ ∠ べ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥ヮわ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ボ∇ヤΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡リワ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ゲ͡ ェ ͡ ゅｚジャや ラ ͡ ゅ∠ジャ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ∠ ボ͡ ∇ヤΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩⊥ヮわ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよｚ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰΒ∠ ボ͡ ∇ヤΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰゼ あ ャや ヮ⊥ ミ∠ ケ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨよｚ ゲ⊥ プ∠ る∠ も∠ ゅ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰバ∠ ョ∠ ゆ ⊥ グ͡ ∇ムΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮミ∠ ケ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ や∠グミ∠ :や∠グミ∠ ヱ∠ や∠グミ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ギホ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩∃るよ∠ ∇グミ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ろバ∠ ヨ͡ シ ⊥ ヶ͡わャｚや る͡ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇ヤわ͡ よ͡ ベ ⊥ ｚギダ ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ∨や∠グミ∠ ヱ∠ «￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (When Allah decrees a mat t er in heaven, t he angels beat t heir wings in submission t o His decree, a chain beat ing on a rock. And when t he fear in t heir heart s subsides, t hey say: "What is it t hat your Lord has said'' They say: "The t rut h. And He is t he Most High, t he Most Great .'' Then when t he Jinn who are list ening out , one above t he ot her) -- and Sufyan illust rat ed t his wit h a gest ure, holding his hand vert ically wit h his fingers out spread -- (when t hey hear t his, t hey t hrow it down from one t o anot her, unt il it is passed t o t he fort une-t eller or soot hsayer. The shoot ing st ar may st rike t he Jinn before he passes it on, or he may pass it on before he is st ruck, and he adds t o it one hundred lies, t hus it is said: "Did he not t ell us t hat on such and such a day, such and such would happen'' So t hey believe him because of t hat one t hing which was heard from t he heavens.) This was recorded by Al-Bukhari. Al-Bukhari recorded from ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, t hat t he Prophet said:

ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヨピ∠ ∇ャや :ラ ⊥ ゅ∠レバ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ラ ͡ ゅ∠レバ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゐ ⊥ ギｚ エ ∠ ゎ∠ る∠ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» リ ⊥ Β͡デゅ∠Βゼ ｚ ャや ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジわ∠ プ∠ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヶ͡プ (ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ) ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠∇ャゅ͡よ ぁゲボ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ リ ͡ ワ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや ラ ͡ ク⊥ ぺ⊥ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ワゲぁ ボ⊥ わ∠ プ∠ ∩∠るヨ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャや «る∠よ∇グミ∠ る∠ も∠ ゅ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰ∠バ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゴΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥りケ∠ ヱ⊥ケゅ∠ボ∇ャや (The angels speak in t he clouds about some mat t er on eart h, and t he Shayat in overhear what t hey say, so t hey t ell it t o t he fort une-t eller, gurgling int o his ear like (a liquid poured) from a glass bot t le, and he adds t o it one hundred lies.)

Refutation of the Claim that the Prophet was a Poet

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ヱゅ∠ピ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ バ⊥ ら͡ ｚわΑ∠ ￢⊥ へ∠ゲ∠バゼ ぁ ャや∠ヱぴ (As for t he poet s, t he ast ray ones follow t hem.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat t his means: "The disbelievers follow t he misguided among mankind and t he Jinn.'' This was also t he view of Muj ahid, ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam, and ot hers. ` Ikrimah said, "Two poet s would ridicule one anot her in verse, wit h one group of people support ing one and anot her group support ing t he ot her. Hence Allah revealed t he Ayah,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ヱゅ∠ピ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ バ⊥ ら͡ ｚわΑ∠ ￢⊥ へ∠ゲ∠バゼ ぁ ャや∠ヱぴ (As for t he poet s, t he erring ones follow t hem.)

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ヰΑ∠ キ∃ や∠ヱ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (See you not t hat t hey speak about every subj ect in t heir poet ry) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat t his means: "They indulge in every kind of nonsense.'' Ad-Dahhak report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "They engage in every kind of verbal art .'' This was also t he view of Muj ahid and ot hers.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat t hey say what t hey do not do. ) Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat at t he t ime of t he Messenger of Allah , t wo men, one from among t he Ansar and one from anot her t ribe, were ridiculing one anot her in verse, and each one of t hem was support ed by a group of his own people, who were t he foolish ones, and Allah said:

あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ヱゅ∠ピ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ バ⊥ ら͡ ｚわΑ∠ ￢⊥ へ∠ゲ∠バゼ ぁ ャや∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ヰΑ∠ キ∃ や∠ヱ (As for t he poet s, t he erring ones follow t hem. See you not t hat t hey speak about every subj ect in t heir poet ry And t hat t hey say what t hey do not do.) What is meant here is t hat t he Messenger , t o whom t his Qur'an was revealed, was not a soot hsayer or a poet , because his sit uat ion was quit e obviously different t o t heirs, as Allah says:

∀ゲ∇ミ͡ク Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇バゼ あ ャや ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヨヤｚハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ラや∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ∠ヱ (And We have not t aught him poet ry, nor is it suit able for him. This is only a Reminder and a plain Qur'an.) (36:69),

ゲ∃ ハ ͡ ゅ∠セ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ よ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ユ∃ Α͡ゲミ∠ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケ∠ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ リ ∃ ワ͡ ゅ∠ミ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ よ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケｚ リあョ ∀モΑ͡ゴレ∠ゎ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ (That t his is verily, t he word of an honored Messenger. It is not t he word of a poet , lit t le is t hat you believe! Nor is it t he word of a soot hsayer, lit t le is t hat you remember! This is t he Revelat ion sent down from t he Lord of all t hat exit s.) (69:40-43)

The Exception of the Poets of Islam

び͡ろ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except t hose who believe and do right eous deeds,) Muhammad bin Ishaq narrat ed from Yazid bin ` Abdullah bin Qusayt , t hat Abu Al-Hasan Salim Al-Barrad, t he freed servant of Tamim AdDari said: "When t he Ayah --

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ヱゅ∠ピ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ バ⊥ ら͡ ｚわΑ∠ ￢⊥ へ∠ゲ∠バゼ ぁ ャや∠ヱぴ (As for t he poet s, t he erring ones follow t hem.) was revealed, Hassan bin Thabit , ` Abdullah bin Rawahah and Ka` b bin Malik came t o t he Messenger of Allah , weeping, and said: "Allah knew when He revealed t his Ayah t hat we are poet s. The Prophet recit ed t o t hem t he Ayah,

び͡ろ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except t hose who believe and do right eous deeds,) and said:

«ユ⊥わ∇ルぺ∠» ((This means) you.)

び⇔やゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ∠ ク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and remember Allah much). He said:

«ユ⊥わ∇ルぺ∠» ((This means) you.)

び∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ͡ニ ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ わ∠ ルや∠ヱぴ (and vindicat e t hemselves aft er t hey have been wronged. ) He said:

«ユ⊥わ∇ルぺ∠» ((This means) you.) This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hat im and Ibn Jarir from t he narrat ion of Ibn Ishaq. But t his Surah was revealed in Makkah, so how could t he reason for it s revelat ion be t he poet s of t he Ansar This is somet hing wort h t hinking about . The report s t hat have been narrat ed about t his are all Mursal and cannot be relied on. And Allah knows best . But t his except ion could include t he poet s of t he Ansar and ot hers. It even includes t hose poet s of t he Jahiliyyah who indulged in condemning Islam and it s followers, t hen repent ed and t urned t o Allah, and gave up what t hey used t o do and st art ed t o do right eous deeds and remember Allah much, t o make up for t he bad t hings t hat t hey had previously said, for good deeds wipe out bad deeds. So t hey praised Islam and it s followers in order t o make up for t heir insult s, as ぴt he poet び ` Abdullah bin Az-Zab` ari said when he became Muslim: "O Messenger of Allah, indeed my t ongue will t ry t o make up for t hings it said when I was bad -- When I went along wit h t he Shayt an during t he years of misguidance, and whoever inclines t owards his way is in a st at e of loss.'' Similarly, Abu Sufyan bin Al-Harit h bin ` Abd Al-Mut t alib was one of t he most host ile people t owards t he Prophet , even t hough he was his cousin, and he was t he one who used t o mock him t he most . But when he became Muslim, t here was no one more beloved t o him t han t he Messenger of Allah . He began t o praise t he Messenger of Allah where he had mocked him, and t ake him as a close friend where he had regarded him as an enemy.

び∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ͡ニ ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ わ∠ ルや∠ヱぴ

(and vindicat e t hemselves aft er t hey have been wronged.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "They responded in kind t o t he disbelievers who used t o ridicule t he believers in verse.'' This was also t he view of Muj ahid, Qat adah and several ot hers. It was also recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t o Hassan:

«ユ⊥ヰイ ⊥ ∇ワや» (Ridicule t hem in verse.) Or he said:

«マ∠バョ∠ モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ィ ͡ ゅワ∠» (Ridicule t hem in verse, and Jibril is wit h you.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ka` b bin Malik said t o t he Prophet , "Allah has revealed what He revealed about t he poet s. The Messenger of Allah said:

ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∩͡ヮル͡ ゅジ ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヘ͡ ∇Βジ ∠ よ͡ ギ⊥ ワ͡ ゅ∠イΑ⊥ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» «モ∇ら⇒ｚレャや ウ ⊥ ∇ツル∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ョ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ｚ ほ∠ム∠ ャ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ (The believer wages Jihad wit h his sword and wit h his t ongue, By t he One in Whose Hand is my soul, it is as if you are at t acking t hem wit h arrows.)

び∠ラヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Α ょ ∃ ヤ∠ボ∠ レ⊥ョ ン ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Αグ͡ ャｚや ∇ユヤ∠∇バΒ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hose who do wrong will come t o know by what overt urning t hey will be overt urned.) This is like t he Ayah,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇バョ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day when t heir excuses will be of no profit t o wrongdoers) (40: 52). According t o t he Sahih, t he Messenger of Allah said:

«る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ れ ∀ ゅ∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ ユ∠ ∇ヤヌ ぁ ャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∠ユ∇ヤヌ ぁ ャや∠ヱ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡» (Beware of wrongdoing, for wrongdoing will be darkness on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) Qat adah bin Di` amah said concerning t he Ayah --

び∠ラヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Α ょ ∃ ヤ∠ボ∠ レ⊥ョ ン ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇ユヤ∠∇バΒ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hose who do wrong will come t o know by what overt urning t hey will be overt urned.) t his refers t o t he poet s and ot hers. This is t he end of t he Tafsir Surat Ash-Shu` ara'. Praise be t o Allah, Lord of t he worlds.

The Tafsir of Surat An-Naml (Chapter - 27) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ン⇔ギワ⊥ - リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ザデぴ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ユ⊥ワヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚレΑｚ コ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴｚボヤ∠わ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ∠ ∇カｘΙや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ び ユ∃ Β͡ヤハ ∠ ユ∃ Β͡ムェ ∠ ∇ラギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ (1.Ta Sin. These are t he Ayat of t he Qur'an, and (it is) a Book (t hat is) clear.) (2. A guide and glad t idings for t he believers.) (3. Those who perform t he Salah and give t he Zakah and t hey believe wit h cert aint y in t he Hereaft er.) (4. Verily, t hose who believe not in t he Hereaft er, We have made t heir deeds fair seeming t o t hem, so t hat t hey wander about blindly.) (5. They are t hose for whom t here will be an evil t orment . And in t he Hereaft er t hey will be t he great est losers.) (6. And verily, you are being t aught t he Qur'an from One, All

The Qur'an is Guidance and Glad Tidings for the Believers, a Warning to the Disbelievers, and it is from Allah In (t he comment s on) Surat Al-Baqarah, we discussed t he let t ers which appear at t he beginning of some Surahs.

び∃リΒ͡らョぁ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ (These are t he Ayat of t he Qur'an, and (it is) a Book (t hat is) clear.) It is plain and evident .

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ぴ (A guide and glad t idings for t he believers.) meaning, guidance and good news may be at t ained from t he Qur'an for t hose who believe in it , follow it and put it int o pract ice. They est ablish obligat ory prayers, pay Zakah and believe wit h cert ain fait h in t he Hereaft er, t he resurrect ion aft er deat h, reward and punishment for all deeds, good and bad, and Paradise and Hell. This is like t he Ayat :

Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ∠ヱ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び∀ゲ∇ホヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ や∠クや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ (Say: "It is for t hose who believe, a guide and a healing. And as for t hose who disbelieve, t here is heaviness (deafness) in t heir ears...'') (41:44).

び⇔やギ∂ ャぁ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇レゎ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ゲ∠ ゼ あ ら∠ わ⊥ ャ͡ぴ (t hat you may give glad t idings t o t hose who have Taqwa, and warn wit h it t he Ludd (most quarrelsome) people) (19: 97). Allah says here:

び͡りゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who believe not in t he Hereaft er,) meaning, t hose who deny it and t hink t hat it will never happen,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚレΑｚ コ∠ ぴ (We have made t heir deeds fair seeming t o t hem, so t hat t hey wander about blindly.) means, ` We have made what t hey are doing seem good t o t hem, and We have left t hem t o cont inue in t heir misguidance, so t hey are lost and confused.' This is t heir recompense for t heir disbelief in t he Hereaft er, as Allah says:

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ ょ ⊥ あヤボ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び∃りゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ (And We shall t urn t heir heart s and t heir eyes away, as t hey refused t o believe t herein for t he first t ime) (6:110).

び͡ゆや∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ

(They are t hose for whom t here will be an evil t orment .) in t his world and t he Hereaft er.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲジ ∠ ∇カｘΙや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And in t he Hereaft er t hey will be t he great est losers.) means, no one but t hey, among all t he people who will be gat hered, will lose t heir souls and t heir wealt h.

び ユ∃ Β͡ヤハ ∠ ユ∃ Β͡ムェ ∠ ∇ラギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴｚボヤ∠わ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, you are being t aught t he Qur'an from One, All-Wise, All-Knowing.)

び∠マルｚ ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (And verily, you) O Muhammad. Qat adah said:

びヴｚボヤ∠わ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (are being t aught ) "Are receiving.''

び∃ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ユ∃ Β͡ムェ ∠ ∇ラギ⊥ ｚャ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャやぴ (t he Qur'an from One, All-Wise, All-Knowing.) from One Who is Wise in His commands and prohibit ions, and Who knows all t hings, maj or and minor. What ever He says is absolut e Trut h, and His rulings are ent irely fair and j ust , as Allah says:

び⇔Ι∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ホ∇ギタ ͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろヨｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he Word of your Lord has been fulfilled in t rut h and in j ust ice) (6:115).

∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎゅ∠⇒シ ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ろ ⊥ ∇ジル∠ へ ヴあルま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワΙ ６ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャｚ ザ ∃ ら∠ ホ∠ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠ヰゼ ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎや∠￢ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ら∠ ガ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ポ ∠ ケ͡ ヲ⊥よ ラ∠ぺ ン ∠ キ͡ ヲ⊥ル ゅ∠ワ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤト ∠ ∇ダゎ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ペ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ

や⇔ゲ͡よ∇ギョ⊥ ヴャｚヱ∠ ラ ｘ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ゴぁ わ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ゅ∠ワや∠￢ケ∠ ゅｚヨ∠ヤ∠プ ポ ∠ ゅ∠ダハ ∠ ン ｚ ギ∠ ャ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠ガΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヴあルま͡ ∇ブガ ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ ∇ょボあ バ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ￢∃ ヲ⊥シ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ⇔レ∇ジェ ⊥ メ ∠ ギｚ よ∠ ｚユを⊥ ユ∠ ヤ∠ニ ∠ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ら͡ ∇Βィ ∠ ヴ͡プ ポ ∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ∇モカ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヴあルみ͡プ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ∃ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ノ͡ ∇ジゎ͡ ヴ͡プ ￢∃ ヲ⊥シ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ツ∇Βよ∠ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠プ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ り⇔ ゲ∠ ダ ͡ ∇らョ⊥ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ や⇔∂ヲヤ⊥ハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヰ∇わレ∠ ボ∠ ∇Βわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠エ∠ィ∠ヱ びリ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルゅ∠プ (7. (Remember) when Musa said t o his household: "Verily, I have seen a fire; I will bring you from t here some informat ion, or I will bring you a burning ember, t hat you may warm yourselves.'') (8. But when he came t o it , he was called: "Blessed is whosoever is in t he fire, and whosoever is round about it ! And glorified be Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s.'') (9. "O Musa! Verily, it is I, Allah, t he All-Might y, t he All-Wise.'') (10. "And t hrow down your st ick!'' But when he saw it moving as if it were a snake, he t urned in flight , and did not look back. (It was said:) "O Musa! Fear not : verily, t he Messengers fear not in front of Me.'') (11. "Except him who has done wrong and aft erwards has changed evil for good; t hen surely, I am Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.'') (12. "And put your hand int o opening of your garment , it will come fort h whit e wit hout hurt . (These are) among t he nine signs (you will t ake) t o Fir` awn and his people. Verily, t hey are a people who are rebellious.'') (13. But when Our Ayat came t o t hem, clear t o see, t hey said: "This is a manifest magic.'') (14. And t hey belied t hem wrongfully and arrogant ly, t hough t hey t hemselves were convinced t hereof. So, see what was t he end of t he mischief-makers.)

The Story of Musa and the End of Fir` awn Here Allah t ells His Messenger Muhammad about what happened t o Musa, peace be upon him, how Allah chose him, spoke wit h him and gave him might y, dazzling signs and overwhelming proof, and sent him t o Fir` awn and his people, but t hey denied t he proof, disbelieved in him and arrogant ly refused t o follow him. Allah says:

び͡ヮヤ͡∇ワΙ ６ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ

(when Musa said t o his household), meaning, remember when Musa was t raveling wit h his family and lost his way. This was at night , in t he dark. Musa had seen a fire beside t he mount ain, i.e., he had not iced a fire burning bright ly, and said,

び∃ゲら∠ ガ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎゅ∠⇒シ ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ろ ⊥ ∇ジル∠ へ ヴあルま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワΙ ６ぴ (t o his household: "Verily, I have seen a fire; I will bring you from t here some informat ion...'') meaning, ` about t he way we should t ake.'

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤト ∠ ∇ダゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚ∠バャｚ ザ ∃ ら∠ ホ∠ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠ヰゼ ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎや∠￢ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or I will bring you a burning ember, t hat you may warm yourselves.) meaning, so t hat t hey could keep warm. And it was as he said: "He came back wit h great news, and a great light .'' Allah says:

∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ポ ∠ ケ͡ ヲ⊥よ ラぺ∠ ン ∠ キ͡ ヲ⊥ル ゅ∠ワ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ (But when he came t o it , he was called: "Blessed is whosoever is in t he fire, and whosoever is round about it !'') meaning, when he came t o it , he saw a great and t errifying sight : t he fire was burning in a green bush, and t he fire was burning ever bright er while t he bush was growing ever more green and beaut iful. Then he raised his head, and saw t hat it s light was connect ed t o t he clouds of t he sky. Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers said, "It was not a fire, rat her it was shining light .'' According t o one report narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas, it was t he Light of t he Lord of t he worlds. Musa st ood amazed by what he was seeing, and

び͡ケゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ポ ∠ ケ͡ ヲ⊥よ ラ∠ぺ ン ∠ キ͡ ヲ⊥ルぴ (he was called: "Blessed is whosoever is in t he fire...'') Ibn ` Abbas said, "This means, Holy is (whosoever is in t he fire).''

びゅ∠ヰャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and whosoever is round about it ) means, of t he angels. This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan and Qat adah.

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And glorified be Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s), Who does what ever He wills and t here is not hing like Him among His creat ion. Not hing He has made can encompass Him, and He is t he Exalt ed, t he Almight y, Who is ut t erly unlike all t hat He has creat ed. Heaven and eart h cannot cont ain Him, but He is t he One, t he Self-Sufficient Mast er, Who is far above any comparison wit h His creat ion.

び ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴシ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΑぴ (O Musa! Verily, it is I, Allah, t he All-Might y, t he All-Wise.) Allah t old him t hat t he One Who was addressing him was his Lord Allah, t he All-Might y, Who has subj ugat ed and subdued all t hings, t he One Who is Wise in all His words and deeds. Then He commanded him t o t hrow down t he st ick t hat was in his hand, so t hat He might show him clear proof t hat He is t he One Who is able t o do all t hings, what ever He wills. When Musa t hrew t hat st ick down, it changed int o t he form of a huge and t errifying snake, moving quickly despit e it s size. Allah says:

びｘラべ∠ィ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ∠ほ∠ミ ゴぁ わ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ゅ∠ワや∠￢ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (But when he saw it moving as if it were a Jann (snake).) Jann refers t o a t ype of snake t hat is t he fast est -moving and most agile. When Musa saw t hat wit h his own eyes,

び∇ょボあ バ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ͡よ∇ギョ⊥ ヴｚャ∠ヱぴ (he t urned in flight , and did not look back.) meaning, he did not t urn around, because he was so afraid. Allah's saying:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン ｚ ギ∠ ャ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠ガΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヴあルま͡ ∇ブガ ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑぴ (O Musa! Fear not : verily, t he Messengers fear not in front of Me.) means, ` do not be afraid of what you see, for I want t o choose you as a Messenger and make you a great Prophet .'

∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヴあルみ͡プ∠ ￢∃ ヲ⊥シ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ⇔レ∇ジェ ⊥ メ ∠ ギｚ よ∠ ｚユを⊥ ユ∠ ヤ∠ニ ∠ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま∠ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ (Except him who has done wrong and aft erwards has changed evil for good; t hen surely, I am Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) This is an except ion of t he exclusionary t ype. This is good news for mankind, for whoever does an evil deed t hen gives it up and repent s and t urns t o Allah, Allah will accept his repent ance, as He says:

ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔エ ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ へ∠ヱ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ リ∠ヨャあ ∀ケゅｚヘピ∠ ャ∠ ヴあルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び ン∠ギわ∠ ∇ワや (And verily, I am indeed forgiving t o him who repent s, believes and does right eous good deeds, and t hen Aht ada.) (20:82)

び⊥ヮジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ユヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(And whoever does evil or wrongs himself...) (4:110). And t here are many ot her Ayat which say t he same.

ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ツ∇Βよ∠ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ マ ∠ ら͡ ∇Βィ ∠ ヴ͡プ ポ ∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ∇モカ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∃￢ヲ⊥シ (And put your hand int o t he opening of your garment , it will come fort h whit e wit hout hurt .) This is anot her sign, furt her brilliant proof of t he abilit y of Allah t o do what ever He wills. It is also confirmat ion of t he t rut h of t he one t o whom t he miracle was given. Allah commanded him t o put his hand int o t he opening of his garment , and when he put his hand in and t ook it out again, it came out whit e and shining as if it were a piece of t he moon or a flash of dazzling light ning.

び∃ろ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ノ͡ ∇ジゎ͡ ヴ͡プぴ (among t he nine signs) means, ` t hese are t wo of t he nine signs which you will be support ed wit h and which will serve as proof for you. '

び∠リΒ͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠プ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (t o Fir` awn and his people. Verily, t hey are a people who are rebellious.) These were t he nine signs of which Allah said:

び∃れゅ∠レΒあ よ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ノ∠ ∇ジゎ͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed We gave Musa nine clear signs) (17:101) -- as we have st at ed t here.

び⇔りゲ∠ ダ ͡ ∇らョ⊥ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (But when Our Ayat came t o t hem, clear t o see,), i.e., clear and obvious,

び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (t hey said: "This is a manifest magic''.) They want ed t o oppose it wit h t heir own magic, but t hey were defeat ed and were ret urned disgraced.

びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠エ∠ィ∠ヱぴ (And t hey belied t hem) means, verbally,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヰ∇わレ∠ ボ∠ ∇Βわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ (t hough t hey t hemselves were convinced t hereof.) means, t hey knew deep down t hat t his was t rut h from Allah, but t hey denied it and were st ubborn and arrogant .

び⇔やヲ∂ ヤ⊥ハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ぴ (wrongfully and arrogant ly) means, wronging t hemselves because t his was t he despicable manner t o which t hey were accust omed, and t hey were arrogant because t hey were t oo proud t o follow t he t rut h. Allah said:

び∠リΑ͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅプ∠ ぴ (So, see what was t he end of t he mischief-makers.) meaning, ` see, O Muhammad, what were t he consequences of t heir act ions when Allah dest royed t hem and drowned every last one of t hem in a single morning.' The point of t his st ory is: beware, ` O you who disbelieve in Muhammad and deny t he Message t hat he has brought from his Lord, lest t he same t hing t hat befell t hem befall you also.' But what is worse, is t hat Muhammad is nobler and great er t han Musa, and his proof is st ronger t han t hat of Musa, for t he signs t hat Allah has given him are combined wit h his presence and his charact er, in addit ion t o t he fact t hat previous Prophet s foret old his coming and t ook a covenant from t he people t hat t hey would follow him if t hey should see him, may t he best of blessings and peace from his Lord be upon him.

ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや Ι ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ∠リ⇒∠ヨ∇Β∠ヤシ ⊥ ∠ヱ ∠キヱ⊥ヱや∠キ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ -リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョあ ゲ∃ Β͡んミ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レヤ∠ツ ｚ プ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヨヤあハ ⊥ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ キ∠ ヱ⊥ヱや∠キ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ゐ ∠ ケ͡ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レΒ͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ∠ヱ ゲ͡ ∇Βト ｚ ャや ペ ∠ト ͡ レ∠ョ リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ∠リ⇒∠ヨ∇Β∠ヤ∇ジ͡ャ ゲ∠ ゼ ͡ェ ⊥ ヱ∠ - リ ⊥ Β͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや へ∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハコ∠ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βト ｚ ャや∠ヱ ザ∇ルΗ ͡ や∠ヱ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ヨｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ る∀ ヤ∠∇ヨル∠ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ モ ͡ ∇ヨレｚ ャや ン͡キや∠ヱ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ や∇ヲゎ∠ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ヨ∠ ト ͡ ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや ゅ∠ヰャ͡∇ヲホ∠ リあョ ゅ⇔ム͡エ⇒∠ッ ユ∠ ジ ｚ ら∠ わ∠ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠

ろ ∠ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや マ ∠ わ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ゲ∠ ム⊥ ∇セぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ハコ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ッ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ヱ∠ ン ｚ ギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヱ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ポ ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ヴ͡プ マ ∠ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ヴ͡レ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ (15. And indeed We gave knowledge t o Dawud and Sulayman, and t hey bot h said: "All praise be t o Allah, Who has preferred us above many of His believing servant s!'') (16. And Sulayman inherit ed from Dawud. He said: "O mankind! We have been t aught t he language of birds, and we have been given from everyt hing. This, verily, is an evident grace.'') (17. And t here were gat hered before Sulayman his host s of Jinn and men, and birds, and t hey all were set in bat t le order (marching forward).) (18. Till, when t hey came t o t he valley of t he ant s, one of t he ant s said: "O ant s! Ent er your dwellings, lest Sulayman and his armies should crush you, while t hey perceive not .'') (19. So he (Sulayman) smiled, amused at her speech and said: "My Lord! Grant me t he power and abilit y t hat I may be grat eful for Your favors which You have best owed on me and on my parent s, and t hat I may do right eous good deeds t hat will please You, and admit me by Your mercy among Your right eous servant s.'')

Dawud and Sulayman (peace be upon them), the organization of Sulayman's Troops and His passage through the Valley of the Ants Here Allah t ells us about t he great blessings and favors which He best owed upon t wo of His servant s and Prophet s, Dawud (David) and his son Sulayman (Solomon), peace be upon t hem bot h, and how t hey enj oyed happiness in t his world and t he Hereaft er, power and aut horit y in t his world, and t he posit ion of being Prophet s and Messengers. Allah says:

ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや Ι ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ∠リ⇒∠ヨ∇Β∠ヤシ ⊥ ∠ヱ ∠キヱ⊥ヱや∠キ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョあ ゲ∃ Β͡んミ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レヤ∠ツ ｚ プ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ (And indeed We gave knowledge t o Dawud and Sulayman, and t hey bot h said: "All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah, Who has preferred us above many of His believing servant s!'')

び∠キヱ⊥ヱや∠キ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ゐ ∠ ケ͡ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Sulayman inherit ed from Dawud.) means, in kingship and prophet hood. What is meant here is not wealt h, because if t hat were t he case, Sulayman would not have been singled out from among t he sons of Dawud, as Dawud had one hundred wives. Rat her what is meant is t he inherit ance of kingship and prophet hood, for t he wealt h of t he Prophet s cannot be inherit ed, as t he Messenger of Allah said:

ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩⊥ゐケ∠ ヲ⊥ル ゅ∠ャ ￢͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや ゲ∠ セ ͡ ゅ∠バョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ » «る∠ホギ∠ タ ∠ (We Prophet s cannot be inherit ed from; what ever we leave behind is charit y.) And Sulayman said:

あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レΒ͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ∠ヱ ゲ͡ ∇Βト ｚ ャや ペ ∠ト ͡ レ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヨヤあハ ⊥ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ (O mankind! We have been t aught t he language of birds, and we have been given from everyt hing.) Here Sulayman was speaking of t he blessings t hat Allah best owed upon him, by giving him complet e aut horit y and power, whereby mankind, t he Jinn and t he birds were subj ugat ed t o him. He also knew t he language of t he birds and animals, which is somet hing t hat had never been given t o any ot her human being -- as far as we know from what Allah and His Messenger t old us. Allah enabled Sulayman t o underst and what t he birds said t o one anot her as t hey flew t hrough t he air, and what t he different kinds of animals said. Sulayman said:

び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レΒ͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ∠ヱ ゲ͡ ∇Βト ｚ ャや ペ ∠ト ͡ レ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヨヤあハ ⊥ぴ (We have been t aught t he language of birds, and we have been given from everyt hing.) i.e., all t hings t hat a king needs.

び⊥リΒ͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (This, verily, is an evident grace.) means, ` t his is clearly t he blessings of Allah upon us.'

ザ∇ルΗ ͡ や∠ヱ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ∠リ⇒∠ヨ∇Β∠ヤ∇ジ͡ャ ゲ∠ ゼ ͡ェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハコ∠ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βト ｚ ャや∠ヱ (And t here were gat hered before Sulayman his host s of Jinn and men, and birds, and t hey all were set in bat t le order.) means, all of Sulayman's t roops of Jinn, men and birds were gat hered t oget her, and he rode wit h t hem in a display of might and glory, wit h people marching behind him, followed by t he Jinn, and t he birds flying above his head. When it was hot , t hey would shade him wit h t heir wings.

び∠ラヲ⊥ハコ∠ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ぴ

(and t hey all were set in bat t le order.) The first and t he last of t hem were brought t oget her, so t hat none of t hem would st ep out of place. Muj ahid said: "Officials were appoint ed t o keep each group in order, and t o keep t he first and t he last t oget her so t hat no one would st ep out of line -- j ust as kings do nowadays.''

び͡モ∇ヨレｚ ャや ン͡キや∠ヱ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ や∇ヲゎ∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (Till, when t hey came t o t he valley of t he ant s,) meaning, when Sulayman, t he soldiers and t he army wit h him crossed t he valley of t he ant s,

Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや モ ⊥ ∇ヨｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ る∀ ヤ∠∇ヨル∠ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ヨ∠ ト ͡ ∇エΑ∠ (one of t he ant s said: "O ant s! Ent er your dwellings, lest Sulayman and his armies should crush you, while t hey perceive not .'') Sulayman, peace be upon him, underst ood what t he ant said,

∇ラぺ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ハコ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ͡∇ヲホ∠ リあョ ゅ⇔ム͡エ⇒∠ッ ユ∠ ジ ｚ ら∠ わ∠ プ∠ ぴ ン ｚ ギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヱ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや マ ∠ わ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ゲ∠ ム⊥ ∇セぺ∠ び⊥ヮ⇒∠ッ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ヱ∠ (So he smiled, amused at her speech and said: "My Lord! Grant me t he power and abilit y t hat I may be grat eful for Your favors which You have best owed on me and on my parent s, and t hat I may do right eous good deeds t hat will please You, ) meaning: ` inspire me t o give t hanks for t he blessings t hat You have best owed upon me by t eaching me t o underst and what t he birds and animals say, and t he blessings t hat You have best owed upon my parent s by making t hem Muslims who believe in You.'

び⊥ヮ⇒∠ッ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat I may do right eous good deeds t hat will please You,) means, ` deeds t hat You love which will earn Your pleasure.'

び∠リΒ͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ポ ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ヴ͡プ マ ∠ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ヴ͡レ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and admit me by Your mercy among Your right eous servant s.) means, ` when You cause me t o die, t hen j oin me wit h t he right eous among Your servant s, and t he Higher Companion among Your close friends.'

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ュぺ∠ ギ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ケぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヶ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βト ｚ ャや ギ∠ ボｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ レｚ エ ∠ よ∠ ∇クΙ ∂ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚレよ∠ あグハ ∠Ε ⊥ -リ ∠ Β͡らも͡ べ∠ピ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤジ ⊥ よ͡ ヴあレΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ (20. He inspect ed t he birds, and said: "What is t he mat t er t hat I see not t he hoopoe Or is he among t he absent ees'') (21. "I will surely punish him wit h a severe t orment or slaught er him, unless he brings me a clear reason.'')

The Absence of the Hoopoe Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr and ot hers narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers t hat t he hoopoe was an expert who used t o show Sulayman where wat er was if he was out in open land and needed wat er. The hoopoe would look for wat er for him in t he various st rat a of t he eart h, j ust as a man looks at t hings on t he surface of t he eart h, and he would know j ust how far below t he surface t he wat er was. When t he hoopoe showed him where t he wat er was, Sulayman would command t he Jinn t o dig in t hat place unt il t hey brought wat er from t he dept hs of t he eart h. One day Sulayman went t o some open land and checked on t he birds, but he could not see t he hoopoe.

び∠リΒ͡らも͡ べ∠ピ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ュぺ∠ ギ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ケぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヶ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ (and (Sulayman) said: "What is t he mat t er t hat I see not t he hoopoe Or is he among t he absent ees'') One day ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas t old a similar st ory, and among t he people was a man from t he Khawarij whose name was Nafi` bin Al-Azraq, who oft en used t o raise obj ect ions t o Ibn ` Abbas. He said t o him, "St op, O Ibn ` Abbas; you will be defeat ed (in argument ) t oday!'' Ibn ` Abbas said: "Why'' Nafi` said: "You are t elling us t hat t he hoopoe can see wat er beneat h t he ground, but any boy can put seed in a t rap and cover t he t rap wit h dirt , and t he hoopoe will come and t ake t he seed, so t he boy can cat ch him in t he t rap.'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "If it was not for t he fact t hat t his man would go and t ell ot hers t hat he had defeat ed Ibn ` Abbas in argument , I would not even answer.'' Then he said t o Nafi` : "Woe t o you! When t he decree st rikes a person, his eyes become blind and he loses all caut ion.'' Nafi` said: "By Allah I will never disput e wit h you concerning anyt hing in t he Qur'an. ''

び⇔やギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚレよ∠ あグハ ∠Ε ⊥ぴ (I will surely punish him wit h a severe t orment ) Al-A` mash said, narrat ing from Al-Minhal bin ` Amr from Sa` id t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "He meant , by plucking his feat hers.'' ` Abdullah bin Shaddad said: "By plucking his feat hers and exposing him t o t he sun.'' This was also t he view of more t han one of t he Salaf, t hat it means plucking his feat hers and leaving him exposed t o be eat en by ant s.

び⊥ヮレｚ エ ∠ よ∠ ∇クΙ ∂ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ

(or slaught er him,) means, killing him.

び∃リΒ͡らョぁ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤジ ⊥ よ͡ ヴあレΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (unless he brings me a clear reason.) i.e., a valid excuse. Sufyan bin ` Uyaynah and ` Abdullah bin Shaddad said: "When t he hoopoe came back, t he ot her birds said t o him: "What kept you Sulayman has vowed t o shed your blood.'' The hoopoe said: "Did he make any except ion ぴdid he say ` unless'び'' They said, "Yes, he said:

ヴあレΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ レｚ エ ∠ よ∠ ∇クΙ ∂ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚレよ∠ あグハ ∠Ε ⊥ぴ びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤジ ⊥ よ͡ (I will surely punish him wit h a severe t orment or slaught er him, unless he brings me a clear reason.) The hoopoe said, "Then I am saved.''

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇テエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ろ ⊥ ト∠ェぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ギ∃ Β͡バよ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゑ ∠ ム∠ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ り⇔ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや れ ぁ ギ∠ィヱ∠ ヴあルま͡ - リ ∃ Β͡ボΑ∠ み∃ら∠ レ∠ よ͡ み∃ら∠ シ ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ス∇ゲ∠ハ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ∇ろΒ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ム⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ョ∇ヲ∠ホ∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰゎぁ ギ∠ィヱ∠ モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギｚ ダ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Αｚ コ∠ ヱ∠ ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ￢∠ ∇ょガ ∠ ∇ャや ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや - ∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ヤ∇バゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ び ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや (22. But (t he hoopoe) st ayed not long, he said: "I have grasped which you have not grasped and I have come t o you from Saba' wit h t rue news.'') (23. "I found a woman ruling over t hem, she has been given all t hings, and she has a great t hrone.'') (24. "I found her and her people worshipping t he sun inst ead of Allah, and Shayt an has made t heir deeds fair seeming t o t hem t o prevent t hem from t he way, so t hey have no guidance.'') (25. So t hey do not prost rat e t hemselves before Allah, Who brings t o light what is hidden in t he heavens and t he eart h, and

knows what you conceal and what you reveal.) (26. Allah, La ilaha illa Huwa, t he Lord of t he Supreme Throne!'')

How the Hoopoe came before Sulayman and told Him about Saba' Allah says:

び∃ギΒ͡バよ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゑ ∠ ム∠ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (But (t he hoopoe) st ayed not long,) meaning, he was absent for only a short t ime. Then he came and said t o Sulayman:

び͡ヮよ͡ ∇テエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ろ ⊥ ト∠ェぺ∠ぴ (I have grasped which you have not grasped) meaning, ` I have come t o know somet hing t hat you and your t roops do not know.'

び∃リΒ͡ボΑ∠ み∃ら∠ レ∠ よ͡ み∃ら∠ シ ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and I have come t o you from Saba' wit h t rue news.) meaning, wit h t rue and cert ain news. Saba' (Sheba) refers t o Himyar, t hey were a dynast y in Yemen. Then t he hoopoe said:

び∇ユヰ⊥ ム⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨゎ∠ り⇔ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや れ ぁ ギ∠ィヱ∠ ヴあルま͡ぴ (I found a woman ruling over t hem,) Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "This is Bilqis bint Sharahil, t he queen of Saba'.'' Allah's saying:

び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ∇ろ∠Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ∠ヱぴ (she has been given all t hings,) means, all t he conveniences of t his world t hat a powerful monarch could need.

び∀ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ∀ス∇ゲ∠ハ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and she has a great t hrone.) meaning, a t remendous chair adorned wit h gold and different kinds of j ewels and pearls. The hist orians said, "This t hrone was in a great , st rong palace which was high and firmly const ruct ed. In it t here were t hree hundred and sixt y windows on t he east side, and a similar number on t he west , and it was const ruct ed in such a way t hat each day when t he sun rose it would shine t hrough one window, and when it set it would shine t hrough t he opposit e window. And t he people used t o prost rat e t o t he sun morning and evening. This is why t he hoopoe said:

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ョ∇ヲ∠ホ∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰゎぁ ギ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギｚ ダ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒ヨ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Αｚ コ∠ ヱ∠ び͡モΒ͡らジ ｚ ャや (I found her and her people worshipping t he sun inst ead of Allah, and Shayt an has made t heir deeds fair seeming t o t hem, and has prevent ed t hem from t he way,) meaning, from t he way of t rut h,

び∠ラヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (so t hey have no guidance.) Allah's saying:

リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギｚ ダ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Αｚ コ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ｚ ほ∠ル∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや (and Shayt an has made t heir deeds fair seeming t o t hem, and has prevent ed t hem from t he way, so t hey have no guidance, so t hey do not prost rat e t hemselves before Allah.) They do not know t he way of t rut h, prost rat ing only before Allah alone and not before anyt hing t hat He has creat ed, whet her heavenly bodies or anyt hing else. This is like t he Ayah:

Ι ∠ ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや∠ヱ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ⊥ ∇Βｚャや ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇シや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ヤ͡ャ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ロ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ (And from among His signs are t he night and t he day, and t he sun and t he moon. Prost rat e yourselves not t o t he sun nor t o t he moon, but prost rat e yourselves t o Allah Who creat ed t hem, if you indeed worship Him.) (41:37)

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ￢∠ ∇ょガ ∠ ∇ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚやぴ (Who brings t o light what is hidden in t he heavens and t he eart h,) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "He knows everyt hing t hat is hidden in t he heavens and on eart h.'' This was also t he view of ` Ikrimah, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Qat adah and ot hers. His saying:

び∠ラヲ⊥レヤ͡∇バゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ゅョ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and knows what you conceal and what you reveal.) means, He knows what His servant s say and do in secret , and what t hey say and do openly. This is like t he Ayah:

∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ゲｚ シ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シぴ び ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャゅ͡よ ∀ゆ͡ケゅ∠シ∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よ ブ ∃ ∇ガわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ (It is t he same whet her any of you conceals his speech or declares it openly, whet her he be hid by night or goes fort h freely by day) (13:10). His saying:

び ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (Allah, La ilaha illa Huwa, t he Lord of t he Supreme Throne!) means, He is t he One t o be called upon, Allah, He is t he One ot her t han Whom t here is no god, t he Lord of t he Supreme Throne, and t here is none great er t han Him in all of creat ion. Since t he hoopoe was calling t o what is good, and for people t o worship and prost rat e t o Allah alone, it would have been forbidden t o kill him. Imam Ahmad, Abu Dawud and Ibn Maj ah recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Prophet forbade killing four kinds of animals: ant s, bees, hoopoes and t he sparrow hawks. It s chain of narrat ion is Sahih.

- リ ∠ Β͡よグ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ∇ュぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ホギ∠ タ ∠ ぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ レ∠レシ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ メ ｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ヮボ͡ ∇ャほ∠プ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡よゅ∠わム͡ よあ ょ∠ワ∇クや ヴ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥ ヴｚルま͡ Ζ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠Α ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ や∠クゅ∠ョ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルゅ∠プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ - ∀ユΑ͡ゲ∠ミ ∀ゆゅ∠わ͡ミ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ゎ∇ぺヱ∠ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ (27. (Sulayman) said: "We shall see whet her you speak t he t rut h or you are (one) of t he liars.'') r(28. "Go you wit h t his let t er of mine and deliver it t o t hem, t hen draw back from t hem and see what t hey ret urn.'') (29. She said: "O chiefs! Verily, here is delivered t o me a noble let t er, '') (30. "Verily, it is from Sulayman, and it (reads): ` In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful;') (31. ` Be you not exalt ed against me, but come t o me submit t ing (as Muslims).' '')

Sulayman's Letter to Bilqis

Allah t ells us what Sulayman said t o t he hoopoe when he t old him about t he people of Saba' and t heir queen:

び ∠リΒ͡よ͡グ⇒∠ム∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ∇ュぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ホギ∠ タ ∠ ぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ レ∠レシ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ((Sulayman) said: "We shall see whet her you speak t he t rut h or you are (one) of t he liars.'') meaning, ` are you t elling t he t rut h'

び∠リΒ͡よグ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (or you are (one) of t he liars.) meaning, ` or are you t elling a lie in order t o save yourself from t he t hreat I made against you'

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ メ ｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ヮボ͡ ∇ャほ∠プ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡よゅ∠わム͡ よあ ょ∠ワ∇クやぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ や∠クゅ∠ョ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルゅ∠プ (Go you wit h t his let t er of mine and deliver it t o t hem t hen draw back from t hem and see what t hey ret urn.) Sulayman wrot e a let t er t o Bilqis and her people and gave it t o t he hoopoe t o deliver. It was said t hat he carried it on his wings, as is t he way wit h birds, or t hat he carried it in his beak. He went t o t heir land and found t he palace of Bilqis, t hen he went t o her privat e chambers and t hrew t he let t er t hrough a small window, t hen he st epped t o one side out of good manners. Bilqis was amazed and confused when she saw t hat , t hen she went and picked up t he let t er, opened it s seal and read it . The let t er said:

ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ゎ∇ぺヱ∠ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ (it is from Sulayman, and it (reads): ` In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful; Be you not exalt ed against me, but come t o me submit t ing (as Muslims).') So she gat hered her commanders and minist ers and t he leaders of her land, and said t o t hem:

び∀ユΑ͡ゲミ∠ ∀ゆゅ∠わ͡ミ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥ ヴｚルま͡ Ζ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ("O chiefs! Verily, here is delivered t o me a noble let t er.'') She described it as such because of t he wondrous t hings she had seen, t hat it was delivered by a bird who t hrew it t o her, t hen st ood aside out of good manners. This was somet hing t hat no king could do. Then she read t he let t er t o t hem:

ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ゎ∇ぺヱ∠ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ (Verily, it is from Sulayman, and it (reads): ` In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful; Be you not exalt ed against me, but come t o me submit t ing (as Muslims).') Thus t hey knew t hat it was from Allah's Prophet Sulayman, upon him be peace, and t hat t hey could not mat ch him. This let t er was t he ut most in brevit y and eloquence, coming st raight t o t he point .

びｚヴヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ぴ (Be you not exalt ed against me,) Qat adah said: "Do not be arrogant wit h me.

び∠リΒヨ͡ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ゎ∇ぺヱ∠ ぴ (but come t o me submit t ing (as Muslims). )'' ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said: "Do not refuse or be t oo arrogant t o come t o me

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ゎ∇ぺヱ∠ ぴ (but come t o me submit t ing (as Muslims).)''

ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ン͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥わ∇プ∠ぺ Ζ∠ヨ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠Α ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホぴ り∃ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ る⇔ バ∠ ト ͡ ⇒∠ホ や∠クゅ∠ョ ン͡ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プ マ ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ギ∃ Α͡ギセ ∠ サ ∃ ∇ほよ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱ⊥ぺ∠ヱ る⇔ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ∠ キ∠ や∠クま͡ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ る⇔ ャｚク͡ ぺ∠ べヰ∠ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ り∠ ゴｚ ハ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥ギジ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ノ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ユ∠ よ͡ り∀ ゲ∠ ニ ͡ ゅ∠レプ∠ る∃ Αｚ ギ͡ ヰ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ る∀ ヤ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲョ⊥ ヴあルま͡ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや (32. She said: "O chiefs! Advise me in case of mine. I decide no case t ill you are present wit h me.'') (33. They said: "We have great st rengt h, and great abilit y for war, but it is for you t o command; so t hink over what you will command.'') (34. She said: "Verily, kings, when t hey ent er a t own, t hey dest roy it and make t he most honorable among it s people t he lowest . And

t hus t hey do.'') (35. "But verily, I am going t o send him a present , and see wit h what (answer) t he messengers ret urn.'')

Bilqis consults with Her Chiefs When she read Sulayman's let t er t o t hem and consult ed wit h t hem about t his news, she said:

る⇔ バ∠ ト ͡ ⇒∠ホ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ン͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ヴ͡ルヲわ⊥ ∇プぺ∠ Ζ∠ヨ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び͡ラヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ("O chiefs! Advise me in (t his) case of mine. I decide no case t ill you are present wit h me.'') meaning, ` unt il you come t oget her and offer me your advice.'

び∃ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ サ ∃ ∇ほよ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱ⊥ぺ∠ヱ り∃ ｚヲホ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "We have great st rengt h, and great abilit y for war...'') They reminded her of t heir great numbers, preparedness and st rengt h, t hen t hey referred t he mat t er t o her and said:

び∠リΑ͡ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ や∠クゅ∠ョ ン͡ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プ マ ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘ や∠ヱぴ (but it is for you t o command; so t hink over what you will command.) meaning, ` we have t he power and st rengt h, if you want t o go t o him and fight him.' The mat t er is yours t o decide, so inst ruct us as you see fit and we will obey. Ibn ` Abbas said: "Bilqis said:

∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥ギジ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ る⇔ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ∠ キ∠ や∠クま͡ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び⇔るャｚク͡ ぺ∠ べ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ り∠ ゴｚ ハ ͡ ぺ∠ (Verily, kings, when t hey ent er a t own, t hey dest roy it and make t he most honorable amongst it s people t he lowest .) And Allah said:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And t hus t hey do. ) Then she resort ed t o peaceful means, seeking a t ruce and t rying t o placat e Sulayman, and said:

ノ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ユ∠ よ͡ り∀ ゲ∠ ニ ͡ ゅ∠レプ∠ る∃ Αｚ ギ͡ ヰ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ る∀ ヤ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲョ⊥ ヴあルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや

(But verily, I am going t o send him a present , and see wit h what t he messengers ret urn.) meaning, ` I will send him a gift befit t ing for one of his st at us, and will wait and see what his response will be. Perhaps he will accept t hat and leave us alone, or he will impose a t ax which we can pay him every year, so t hat he will not fight us and wage war against us.' Qat adah said: "May Allah have mercy on her and be pleased wit h her -- how wise she was as a Muslim and (before t hat ) as an idolat or! She underst ood how gift -giving has a good effect on people.'' Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers said: "She said t o her people, if he accept s t he gift , he is a king, so fight him; but if he does not accept it , he is a Prophet , so follow him.''

ヴ͡レ⇒ゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ヨプ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ リ ͡ ル∠ ヱぁギヨ͡ ゎ⊥ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ Αｚ ギ͡ ヰ∠ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇モよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べｚヨョあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ ホ͡ Ι ｚ キ∃ ヲ⊥レイ ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰレｚ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほレ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ノィ ͡ ∇ケや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲピ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ ャｚク͡ ぺ∠ べ∠ヰ∇レョあ ユ⊥ヰレｚ ィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガレ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ (36. So, when (t he messengers wit h t he gift ) came t o Sulayman, he said: "Will you help me in wealt h What Allah has given me is bet t er t han t hat which He has given you! Nay, you rej oice in your gift !'') (37. "Go back t o t hem. We verily, shall come t o t hem wit h armies t hat t hey cannot resist , and we shall drive t hem out from t here in disgrace, and t hey will be abased.'')

The Gift and the Response of Sulayman More t han one of t he scholars of Tafsir among t he Salaf and ot hers st at ed t hat she sent him a huge gift of gold, j ewels, pearls and ot her t hings. It is apparent t hat Sulayman, peace be upon him, did not even look at what t hey brought at all and did not pay any at t ent ion t o it , but he t urned away and said, rebuking t hem:

び∃メゅ∠ヨよ͡ ͡リ∠ルヱぁギ͡ヨゎ⊥ ∠ぺぴ ("Will you help me in wealt h'') meaning, ` are you t rying t o flat t er me wit h wealt h so t hat I will leave you alone wit h your Shirk and your kingdom'

び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べｚヨョあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヴ͡レ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (What Allah has given me is bet t er t han t hat which He has given you!) means, ` what Allah has given t o me of power, wealt h and t roops, is bet t er t han t hat which you have.'

び∠ラヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ Αｚ ギ͡ ヰ∠ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, you rej oice in your gift !) means, ` you are t he ones who are influenced by gift s and present s; we will accept not hing from you except Islam or t he sword.'

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ノィ ͡ ∇ケやぴ (Go back t o t hem) means, wit h t heir gift ,

びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ ホ͡ Ι ｚ キ∃ ヲ⊥レイ ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰレｚ ∠Β͡ゎ∇ほ∠レ∠ヤ∠プぴ (We verily, shall come t o t hem wit h armies t hat t hey cannot resist ,) t hey have no power t o mat ch t hem or resist t hem.

び⇔るャｚク͡ ぺ∠ べ∠ヰ∇レョあ ユ⊥ヰレｚ ィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガレ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and we shall drive t hem out from t here in disgrace,) ` we shall drive t hem out in disgrace from t heir land.'

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲピ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey will be abased.) means, humiliat ed and expelled. When her messengers came back t o her wit h her undelivered gift , and t old her what Sulayman said, she and her people paid heed and obeyed him. She came t o him wit h her t roops in submission and humilit y, honoring Sulayman and int ending t o follow him in Islam. When Sulayman, peace be upon him, realized t hat t hey were coming t o him, he rej oiced great ly.

ラ∠ぺ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡セ∇ゲ∠バ͡よ ヴ͡レΒ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Αぁ ぺ∠ Ζ∠ヨ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや リあョ ∀ろΑ͡ゲ∇ヘ͡ハ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴあルま͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ボョｚ リ͡ョ ュ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∠マΒ͡ゎや∠￢ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ユ∇ヤ͡ハ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ン͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ∀リΒ͡ョぺ∠ ン ｘ ヲ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ ロ⊥ や∠￢ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ マ ∠ プ⊥ ∇ゲデ ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ギｚ ゎ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∠マΒ͡ゎや∠￢ ヴ͡ルヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ ャ͡ ヴあよケ∠ モ ͡ ∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ や∠グ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ や⇔ゲ∂ ボ͡ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ゲ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ゲ∠ ム∠ セ ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ム⊥ ∇セ￢∠ ぺ∠ び ∀ユΑ͡ゲ∠ミ ヴ ｘ レ͡ ビ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ (38. He said: "O chiefs! Which of you can bring me her t hrone before t hey come t o me surrendering t hemselves in obedience (as Muslims)'') (39. An ` Ifrit from t he Jinn said: "I will

bring it t o you before you rise from your place. And verily, I am indeed st rong and t rust wort hy for such work.'') (40. One wit h whom was knowledge of t he Script ure, said: "I will bring it t o you wit hin t he t winkling of an eye!'' Then when he saw it placed before him, he said: "This is by t he grace of my Lord -- t o t est me whet her I am grat eful or ungrat eful! And whoever is grat eful, t ruly, his grat it ude is for himself; and whoever is ungrat eful, cert ainly my Lord is Rich, Bount iful.'')

How the Throne of Bilqis was brought in an Instant Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed from Yazid bin Ruman: "When t he messengers ret urned wit h word of what Sulayman said, she said: ` By Allah, I knew he was more t han a king, and t hat we have no power t o mat ch him, and t hat we can gain not hing by being st ubborn wit h him. So, she sent word t o him saying: "I am coming t o you wit h t he leaders of my people t o see what you will inst ruct us t o do and what you are calling us t o of your religion.'' Then she issued commands t hat her t hrone, which was made of gold and inlaid wit h rubies, chrysolit e and pearls, should be placed in t he innermost of seven rooms, one wit hin t he ot her, and all t he doors should be locked. Then she t old her deput y whom she was leaving in charge, "Take care of my people and my t hrone, and do not let anyone approach it or see it unt il I come back t o you.'' Then she set off t o meet Sulayman wit h t welve t housand of her commanders from t he leaders of Yemen, under each of whose command were many t housands of men. Sulayman sent t he Jinn t o bring him news of her progress and rout e every day and night , t hen when she drew near, he gat hered t oget her t he Jinns and humans who were under his cont rol and said:

ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡セ∇ゲ∠バ͡よ ヴ͡レΒ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Αぁ ぺ∠ Ζ∠ヨ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ (O chiefs! Which of you can bring me her t hrone before t hey come t o me surrendering t hemselves in obedience (as Muslims)).''

びあリイ ͡ ∇ャや リあョ ∀ろΑ͡ゲ∇ヘ͡ハ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (An ` Ifrit from t he Jinn said: ) Muj ahid said, "A giant Jinn.'' Abu Salih said, "It was as if he was a mount ain.''

び∠マョ͡ ゅ∠ボョｚ リ͡ョ ュ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∠マΒ͡ゎや∠￢ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ぴ (I will bring it t o you before you rise from your place.) Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "Before you get up from where you are sit t ing.'' As-Suddi and ot hers said: "He used t o sit t o pass j udgement s and rulings over t he people, and t o eat , from t he beginning of t he day unt il noon.''

び∀リΒ͡ョぺ∠ ン ｘ ヲ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴあルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, I am indeed st rong and t rust wort hy for such work.) Ibn ` Abbas said: "St rong enough t o carry it and t rust wort hy wit h t he j ewels it cont ains. Sulayman, upon him be peace, said, "I want it fast er t han t hat .'' From t his it seems t hat Sulayman want ed t o bring t his t hrone as a

demonst rat ion of t he great ness of t he power and aut horit y t hat Allah had best owed upon him and t he t roops t hat He had subj ugat ed t o him. Power such as had never been given t o anyone else, before or since, so t hat t his would furnish proof of his prophet hood before Bilqis and her people, because t his would be a great and wondrous t hing, if he brought her t hrone as if he were in her count ry, before t hey could come t o it , alt hough it was hidden and prot ect ed by so many locked doors. When Sulayman said, "I want it fast er t han t hat ,

び͡ょ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ユ∇ヤ͡ハ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ン͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (One wit h whom was knowledge of t he Script ure said: ) Ibn ` Abbas said, "This was Asif, t he scribe of Sulayman.'' It was also narrat ed by Muhammad bin Ishaq from Yazid bin Ruman t hat he was Asif bin Barkhiya' and he was a t rut hful believer who knew t he Great est Name of Allah. Qat adah said: "He was a believer among t he humans, and his name was Asif.''

び∠マプ⊥ ∇ゲデ ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ギｚ ゎ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∠マΒ͡ゎや∠￢ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ぴ (I will bring it t o you wit hin t he t winkling of an eye!) Meaning, lift your gaze and look as far as you can, and before you get t ired and blink, you will find it before you. Then he got up, performed ablut ion and prayed t o Allah, may He be exalt ed. Muj ahid said: "He said, O Owner of maj est y and honor.'' When Sulayman and his chiefs saw it before t hem,

びヴあよケ∠ モ ͡ ∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ や∠グ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (he said: "This is by t he grace of my Lord...'') meaning, ` t his is one of t he blessings which Allah has best owed upon me.'

ゲ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ゲ∠ ム∠ セ ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ム⊥ ∇セ￢∠ ぺ∠ ヴ͡ル∠ヲヤ⊥∇ら∠Β͡ャぴ び͡ヮジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ (t o t est whet her I am grat eful or ungrat eful! And whoever is grat eful, t ruly, his grat it ude is for himself;) This is like t he Ayat :

びゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ￢∠ べ∠シぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョｚ ぴ (Whosoever does right eous good deed, it is for himself; and whosoever does evil, it is against himself.) (41:46)

び∠ラヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル６Κプ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and whosoever does right eous good deed, t hen such will prepare a good place for t hemselves.) (30:44).

び∀ユΑ͡ゲミ∠ ヴ ｘ レ͡ ビ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and whoever is ungrat eful, cert ainly my Lord is Rich, Bount iful.) He has no need of His servant s or t heir worship.

び∀ユΑ͡ゲミ∠ ぴ (Bount iful) He is Bount iful in and of Himself, even if no one were t o worship Him. His great ness does not depend on anyone. This is like what Musa said: p

ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ び∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ヴ ｘ レ͡ ピ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや (If you disbelieve, you and all on eart h t oget her, t hen verily, Allah is Rich, Owner of all praise.) (14:8). It is recorded in Sahih Muslim:

∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅ∠Α :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » ょ ͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇ゎぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ルま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡ へ∠ヱ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅ∠Α .ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヶ͡ム∇ヤョ⊥ ヶ͡プ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ キ∠ や∠コ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ルま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡ へ∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ヶ͡ム∇ヤョ⊥ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゾ ∠ ボ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ょ ͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ゲ͡ イ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ダ∇ェぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅ∠Α .ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ぶや ギ͡ ヨ∠ ∇エΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ワゅｚΑま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Βあプヱ∠ ぺ⊥ «ヮ∠ジ∇ヘ∠ル ゅｚャま͡ リ ｚ ョ∠ ヲ⊥ヤΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ (Allah, may He be exalt ed, says: "O My servant s, if t he first of you and t he last of you, mankind and Jinn alike, were all t o be as pious as t he most pious among you, t hat would not add t o My dominion in t he slight est . O My servant s, if t he first of you and t he last of you, mankind and Jinn alike, were all t o be as evil as t he most evil one among you, t hat would not det ract from My dominion in t he slight est . O My servant s, t hese are deeds which I am recording for you, and I will j udge you according t o t hem, so whoever finds somet hing good, let him praise Allah, and whoever finds ot herwise, let him blame no one but himself.'')

ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ン͡ギわ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠ル ゅ∠ヰセ ∠ ∇ゲハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲムあ ル∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ や∠グム∠ ワ∠ ぺ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レΒ͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ∠ヱ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚほ∠ミ∠ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ マ ͡セ ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バｚゎ ろ∠ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ワギｚ ∠タ∠ヱ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや ゅ∠ヰャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ∠ハ ∇ろヘ∠ ゼ ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ イ ｚ ャ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇わら∠ ジ ͡ェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ゎぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ゥ ∠ ∇ゲダ ｚ ャや ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ ゲ∠ Α͡ケやヲ∠ホ リあョ ∀キゲｚ ヨ∠ ョぁ ∀ゥ∇ゲ∠タ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヰ∇Β∠ホゅ∠シ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ノ∠ ョ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ヴあルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ (41. He said: "Disguise her t hrone for her t hat we may see whet her she will be guided, or she will be one of t hose not guided.'') (42. So when she came, it was said, "Is your t hrone like t his'' She said: "As t hough it were t he very same.'' And he said, "Knowledge was best owed on us before her, and we had submit t ed t o Allah (as Muslims).'') (43. And Saddaha t hat which she used t o worship besides Allah has prevent ed her (from Islam), for she was of a disbelieving people.) (44. It was said t o her: "Ent er As-Sarh,'' but when she saw it , she t hought it was a pool, and she (t ucked up her clot hes) uncovering her legs. Sulayman said: "Verily, it is a Sarh Mumarrad of Qawarir.'' She said: "My Lord! Verily, I have wronged myself, and I submit , t oget her wit h Sulayman t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exit s.'')

The Test of Bilqis When Sulayman brought t he t hrone of Bilqis before she and her people arrived, he issued orders t hat some of it s feat ures should be alt ered, so t hat he could t est her and see whet her she recognized it and how composed she would be when she saw it . Would she hast en t o say eit her t hat it was her t hrone or t hat it was not So he said:

リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ン͡ギわ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠ル ゅ∠ヰ∠セ∇ゲ∠ハ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲムあ ル∠ ぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや (Disguise her t hrone for her t hat we may see whet her she will be guided, or she will be one of t hose not guided.) Ibn ` Abbas said: "Remove some of it s adornment s and part s.'' Muj ahid said:

"He issued orders t hat it should be changed, so what ever was red should be made yellow and vice versa, and what ever was green should be made red, so everyt hing was alt ered.'' ` Ikrimah said, "They added some t hings and t ook some t hings away.'' Qat adah said, "It was t urned upside down and back t o front , and some t hings were added and some t hings were t aken away.''

び͡マセ ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ や∠グム∠ ワ∠ ぺ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (So when she came, it was said: "Is your t hrone like t his'') Her t hrone, which had been alt ered and disguised, wit h some t hings added and ot hers t aken away, was shown t o her. She was wise and st eadfast , int elligent and st rong-willed. She did not hast en t o say t hat t his was her t hrone, because it was far away from her. Neit her did she hast en t o say t hat it was not her t hrone, when she saw t hat some t hings had been alt ered and changed. She said,

び∠ヲワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ぴ ((It is) as t hough it were t he very same. ) This is t he ult imat e in int elligence and st rong resolve.

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レΒ͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ∠ヱぴ (Knowledge was best owed on us before her, and we had submit t ed t o Allah.) Muj ahid said, "This was spoken by Sulayman.''

∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バｚゎ ろ∠ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ワギｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ (And Saddaha t hat which she used t o worship besides Allah has prevent ed her, for she was of a disbelieving people.) This is a cont inuat ion of t he words of Sulayman -- according t o t he opinion of Muj ahid and Sa` id bin Jubayr, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem bot h -- i.e., Sulayman said:

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レΒ͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ∠ヱぴ (Knowledge was best owed on us before her, and we had submit t ed t o Allah.) and what st opped her from worshipping Allah alone was

ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バｚゎ ろ∠ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ び∠リΑ͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ (t hat which she used t o worship besides Allah, for she was of a disbelieving people.) What Muj ahid and Sa` id said is good; it was also t he view of Ibn Jarir. Then Ibn Jarir said, "It could be t hat t he subj ect of t he verb.

びゅ∠ワギｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Saddaha) refers t o Sulayman or t o Allah, so t hat t he phrase now means:

び͡ヮヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バｚゎ ろ∠ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ (She would not worship anyt hing over t han Allah.)

び∠リΑ͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ぴ (for she was of a disbelieving people.) I say: t he opinion of Muj ahid is support ed by t he fact t hat she declared her Islam aft er she ent ered t he Sarh, as we shall see below.

る⇔ イ ｚ ャ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇わら∠ ジ ͡ェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ゎぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ゥ ∠ ∇ゲダ ｚ ャや ヴ͡ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや ゅ∠ヰャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホぴ びゅ∠ヰ∇Βホ∠ ゅ∠シ リ∠ハ ∇ろヘ∠ ゼ ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ (It was said t o her: "Ent er As-Sarh'' but when she saw it , she t hought it was a pool, and she (t ucked up her clot hes) uncovering her legs.) Sulayman had commanded t he Shayat in t o build for her a huge palace of glass beneat h which wat er was flowing. Anyone who did not know t he nat ure of t he building would t hink t hat it was wat er, but in fact t here was a layer of glass bet ween a person walking and t he wat er.

Verily, it is a Sarh Mumarrad of Qawarir Sarh means a palace or any lofty construction. Allah says of Fir` awn -- may Allah curse him -- t hat he said t o his minist er Haman:

び∠ょ⇒∠ら∇シΙ ｘ や ヒ⊥ ヤ⊥∇よぺ∠ ヴあヤ⇒∠バャｚ ゅ⇔ェ∇ゲタ ∠ ヴ͡ャ リ ͡ ∇よやぴ (Build me a Sarh t hat I may arrive at t he ways.) (40:36-37) Sarh is also used t o refer t o t he high const ruct ed palaces in Yemen. Mumarrad means st urdily const ruct ed and smoot h.

び∠ゲΑ͡ケやヲ∠ホ リあョぴ (of Qawarir) means, made of glass, i.e., it was built wit h smoot h surfaces. Marid is a fort ress in Dawmat Al-Jandal. What is meant here is t hat Sulayman built a huge, loft y palace of glass for t his queen, in order t o show her t he great ness of his aut horit y and power. When she saw for herself what Allah had given him and how maj est ic his posit ion was, she submit t ed t o t he command of Allah and acknowledged t hat he was a noble Prophet , so she submit t ed t o Allah and said:

びヴ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ヴあルま͡ ゆ∠ケぴ (My Lord! Verily, I have wronged myself,) meaning, by her previous disbelief and Shirk and by t he fact t hat she and her people had worshipped t he sun inst ead of Allah.

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ノ∠ ョ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and I submit , t oget her wit h Sulayman t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s.) meaning, following t he religion of Sulayman, worshipping Allah alone wit h no part ner or associat e, Who creat ed everyt hing and measured it exact ly according t o it s due measurement s.

∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ユ∠ ャ͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ る͡ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ る͡ ゃ∠ Βあ ジ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ リ∠ヨよ͡ ヱ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲΒｚ デ ｚ や ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レわ∠ ∇ヘゎ⊥ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇モよ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠デ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ バ∠ ョｚ (45. And indeed We sent t o Thamud t heir brot her Salih, (saying): "Worship Allah.'' Then look! They became t wo part ies quarreling wit h each ot her.) (46. He said: "O my people! Why do you seek t o hast en t he evil before t he good Why seek you not t he forgiveness of Allah, t hat you may receive mercy'') (47. They said: "We augur an omen from you and t hose wit h you.'' He said: "Your omen is of Allah; nay, but you are a people t hat are being t est ed.'')

Salih and Thamud Allah t ells us about Thamud and how t hey responded t o t heir Prophet Salih, when Allah sent him t o call t hem t o worship Allah alone, wit h no part ner or associat e.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (Then look! They became t wo part ies quarreling wit h each ot her.) Muj ahid said, "These were believers and disbelievers.'' This is like t he Ayah,

リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Κ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ リ ∠ ョ∠ や￢ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツわ⊥ ∇シや

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ べ∠ヨよ͡ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ よ∂ ケｚ リ∂ョ ∀モ∠シ∇ゲョぁ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ョや￢ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ (The leaders of t hose who were arrogant among his people said t o t hose who were count ed weak -- t o such of t hem as believed: "Know you t hat Salih is one sent from his Lord.'' They said: "We indeed believe in t hat wit h which he has been sent .'' Those who were arrogant said: "Verily, we disbelieve in t hat which you believe in.'') (7:75-76)

び͡るレ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ る͡ ゃ∠ Βあ ジ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "O my people! Why do you seek t o hast en t he evil before t he good'') meaning, ` why are you praying for t he punishment t o come, and not asking Allah for His mercy' Then he said:

ゅ∠ル∇ゲΒｚ デ ｚ や ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボル∠ ヲ⊥ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ び∠マバ∠ ョｚ リ∠ヨよ͡ ヱ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ ("Why seek you not t he forgiveness of Allah, t hat you may receive mercy'' They said: "We augur an omen from you and t hose wit h you.'') This means: "We do not see any good in your face and t he faces of t hose who are following you.'' Since t hey were doomed, whenever anyt hing bad happened t o any of t hem t hey would say, "This is because of Salih and his companions.'' Muj ahid said, "They regarded t hem as bad omens.'' This is similar t o what Allah said about t he people of Fir` awn:

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇らダ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ る⊥ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ び⊥ヮバ∠ ョｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒｚ ト ｚ Α∠ る∀ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ (But whenever good came t o t hem, t hey said: "Ours is t his.'' And if evil afflict ed t hem, t hey saw it as an omen about Musa and t hose wit h him) (7:131). And Allah says:

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ る∀ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇らダ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ポ ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ る∀ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇らダ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ び͡ヮヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ

(And if some good reaches t hem, t hey say, "This is from Allah,'' but if some evil befalls t hem, t hey say, "This is from you.'' Say: "All t hings are from Allah.'') (4:78) i.e., by virt ue of His will and decree. And Allah t ells us about t he dwellers of t he t own, when t he Messengers came t o t hem:

∇ユム⊥ レｚ ヨ∠ ィ ⊥ ∇ゲレ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レ∠ゎ ∇ユャｚ リ͡ゃャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲΒｚ ト ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ゅｚレョあ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ジ ｚ ヨ∠ Β∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ び∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョｚ ユ⊥ミゲ⊥ ゃ͡ ⇒∠デ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They (people) said: "For us, we see an omen from you; if you cease not , we will surely st one you, and a painful t orment will t ouch you from us.'' They (Messengers) said: "Your omens are wit h yourselves!) (36:18) And t hese people ぴThamudび said:

び͡ヮヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠デ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ バ∠ ョｚ リ∠ヨよ͡ ヱ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲΒｚ デ ｚ やぴ ("We augur an omen from you and t hose wit h you.'' He said: "Your omen is of Allah;) meaning, Allah will punish you for t hat .

び∠ラヲ⊥レわ∠ ∇ヘゎ⊥ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (nay, but you are a people t hat are being t est ed.) Qat adah said: "You are being t est ed t o see whet her you will obey or disobey.'' The apparent meaning of t he phrase

び∠ラヲ⊥レわ∠ ∇ヘゎ⊥ ぴ (are being t est ed) is: you will be left t o get carried away in your st at e of misguidance.

ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘΑ⊥ テ ∃ ∇ワケ∠ る⊥ バ∠ ∇ジゎ͡ る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨシ ∠ ゅ∠ボゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ダΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰョ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギヰ͡ セ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ Βあ ャ͡ヲ∠ ャ͡ リ ｚ ャ∠ヲ⊥ボレ∠ ャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レｚ わ∠ Βあ ら∠ レ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲム∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ムョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲム∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホギ͡ ⇒∠ダャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ムョ∠

マ ∠ ∇ヤわ͡ プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲョｚ キ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ムョ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ る⇔ Α∠ Ι ∂ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ る⇔ Α∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠レ∇Βイ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α (48. And t here were in t he cit y nine Raht in, who made mischief in t he land, and would not reform.) (49. They said: "Swear one t o anot her by Allah t hat we shall make a secret night at t ack on him and his household, and t hereaft er we will surely say t o his near relat ives: ` We wit nessed not t he dest ruct ion of his household, and verily, we are t elling t he t rut h.''') (50. So, t hey plot t ed a plot , and We planned a plan, while t hey perceived not .) (51. Then see how was t he end of t heir plot ! Verily, We dest royed t hem and t heir nat ion all t oget her.) (52. These are t heir houses in ut t er ruin, for t hey did wrong. Verily, in t his is indeed an Ayah for people who know.) (53. And We saved t hose who believed, and had Taqwa of Allah.)

The Plot of the Mischief-Makers and the End of the People of Thamud Allah t ells us about t he evildoers of Thamud and t heir leaders who used t o call t heir people t o misguidance and disbelief, and t o deny Salih. Event ually t hey killed t he she-camel and were about t o kill Salih t oo. They plot t ed t o let him sleep wit h his family at night , t hen t hey would assassinat e him and t ell his relat ives t hat t hey knew not hing about what happened t o him, and t hat t hey were t elling t he t rut h because none of t hem had seen anyt hing. Allah says:

び͡るレ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And t here were in t he cit y) meaning, in t he cit y of Thamud,

び∃テ∇ワケ∠ る⊥ バ∠ ∇ジゎ͡ ぴ (nine Raht ,) meaning, nine people,

び∠ラヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ダΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ͡ジ∇ヘΑ⊥ ぴ (who made mischief in t he land, and would not reform.) They forced t heir opinions on t he people of Thamud, because t hey were t he leaders and chiefs. Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "These were t he people who killed t he she-camel,'' Meaning, t hat happened upon t heir inst igat ion, may Allah curse t hem. Allah says:

び ゲ∠ ボ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ヴ∠デゅ∠バわ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら∠ エ ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇や∇ヱキ∠ ゅ∠レプ∠ ぴ (But t hey called t heir comrade and he t ook (a sword) and killed (t he she-camel). ) (54:29)

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ボ∇セぺ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ ルや ク͡ ま͡ぴ (When t he most wicked man among t hem went fort h (t o kill t he she-camel).) (91:12) ` AbdurRazzaq said t hat Yahya bin Rabi` ah As-San` ani t old t hem, "I heard ` At a' -- i.e. Ibn Abi Rabah -say:

ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘΑ⊥ テ ∃ ∇ワケ∠ る⊥ バ∠ ∇ジゎ͡ る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ダΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや (And t here were in t he cit y nine Raht , who made mischief in t he land, and would not reform.) ` They used t o break silver coins.''' They would break off pieces from t hem, as if t hey used t o t rade wit h t hem in t erms of numbers ぴas opposed t o weight び, as t he Arabs used t o do. Imam Malik narrat ed from Yahya bin Sa` id t hat Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib said: "Cut t ing gold and silver (coins) is part of spreading corrupt ion on eart h.'' What is meant is t hat t he nat ure of t hese evil disbelievers was t o spread corrupt ion on eart h by every means possible, one of which was t hat ment ioned by t hese Imams.

び⊥ヮヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レｚ わ∠ Βあ ら∠ レ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨシ ∠ ゅ∠ボゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "Swear one t o anot her by Allah t hat we shall make a secret night at t ack on him and his household...'') They t ook a mut ual oat h, pledging t hat during t he night , whoever met t he Allah's Prophet Salih, peace be upon him, he would assassinat e him. But Allah planned against t hem and caused t heir plot t o backfire. Muj ahid said, "They t ook a mut ual oat h pledging t o kill him, but before t hey could reach him, t hey and t heir people were all dest royed.'' ` AbdurRahman bin Abi Hat im said: "When t hey killed t he she-camel, Salih said t o t hem:

ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∀ギ∇ハ∠ヱ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る∠ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ や∠キ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ ぴ び∃ゆヱ⊥グ∇ムョ∠ ("Enj oy yourselves in your homes for t hree days. This is a promise (i.e., a t hreat ) t hat will not be belied.'') (11:65). They said: ` Salih claims t hat he will finish wit h us in t hree days, but we will finish him and his family before t he t hree days are over.' Salih had a place of worship in a rocky t ract in a valley, where he used t o pray. So t hey set out t o go t o a cave t here one night , and said, ` When he comes t o pray, we will kill him, t hen we will ret urn. When we have finished him off, we will go t o his family and finish t hem off t oo.' Then Allah sent down a rock upon t hem from t he mount ains round about ; t hey feared t hat it would crush t hem, so t hey ran int o t he cave and t he rock covered t he mout h of t he cave while t hey were inside. Their people did not know where t hey were or what had happened t o t hem. So Allah punished some of t hem here, and some of t hem t here, and He saved Salih and t he people who were wit h him. Then he recit ed:

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ムョ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲム∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ムョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲ∠ム∠ョ∠ヱぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲョｚ キ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ムョ∠ る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プ び⇔るΑ∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ⊥Βら⊥ ∇ヨヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ (So, t hey plot t ed a plot , and We planned a plan, while t hey perceived not . Then see how was t he end of t heir plot ! Verily, We dest royed t hem and t heir nat ion, all t oget her. These are t heir houses in ut t er ruin,) i.e., desert ed.''

る⇔ Α∠ Ι ∂ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ る⇔ Α∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤわ͡ プ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠レ∇Βイ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ (for t hey did wrong. Verily, in t his is indeed an Ayah for people who know. And We saved t hose who believed, and had Taqwa of Allah.)

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ る∠ ゼ ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ ゅ⇔デヲ⊥ャヱ∠ ぴ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ り⇔ ヲ∠ ∇ヰセ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ィゲあ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほわ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ￢͡ ぺ∠ - ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ダ∇らゎ⊥ ゆ ∠ や∠ヲィ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヰ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇モよ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ ヅ ∃ ヲ⊥ャ メ ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠イル∠ほ∠プ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヰｚ ト ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∀サゅ∠ルぺ⊥ ∇ユヰｚルま͡ や⇔ゲ∠トョｚ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲト ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒∠ピ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ル∇ケギｚ ホ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ケグ∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ト ∠ ョ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ジプ∠ (54. And (remember) Lut ! When he said t o his people: "Do you commit immoral sins while you see'') (55. "Do you pract ice your lust s on men inst ead of women Nay, but you are a people who behave senselessly.'') (56. There was no ot her answer given by his people except t hat t hey said: "Drive out t he family of Lut from your cit y. Verily, t hese are men who want t o be clean and pure!'') (57. So, We saved him and his family, except his wife. We dest ined her t o be of t hose who remained behind. ) (58. And We rained down on t hem a rain. So, evil was t he rain of t hose who were warned.)

Lut and His People Allah t ells us about His servant and Messenger Lut , peace be upon him, and how he warned his people of Allah's punishment for commit t ing an act of immoralit y which no human ever commit t ed before t hem -- int ercourse wit h males inst ead of females. This is a maj or sin, whereby men are sat isfied wit h men and women are wit h women (i.e., homosexualit y). Lut said:

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ る∠ ゼ ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Do you commit immoral sins while you see) meaning, ` while you see one anot her, and you pract ice every kind of evil in your meet ings.'

∇モよ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ り⇔ ヲ∠ ∇ヰセ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ィゲあ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほわ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ￢͡ ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヰ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユわ⊥ ルぺ∠ (Do you pract ice your lust s on men inst ead of women Nay, but you are a people who behave senselessly.) means, ` you do not know anyt hing of what is nat ural or what is prescribed by Allah.' This is like t he Ayah:

ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ や∠ゲ∇ミグぁ ャや ∠ラヲ⊥ゎ∇ほ∠ゎ∠ぺぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥キゅ∠ハ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇モよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ (Go you in unt o t he males of mankind, and leave t hose whom Allah has creat ed for you t o be your wives Nay, you are a t respassing people!) (26:165-166)

メ ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠ヲィ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヰｚ ト ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∀サゅ∠ルぺ⊥ ∇ユヰｚルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ ヅ ∃ ヲ⊥ャ (There was no ot her answer given by his people except t hat t hey said: "Drive out t he family of Lut from your cit y. Verily, t hese are men who want t o be clean and pure!'') means, ` t hey feel embarrassed because of t he deeds you are doing, and because you approve of your act ions, so expel t hem from among yourselves, for t hey are not fit t o live among you in your cit y.' So, t he people resolved t o do t hat , and Allah dest royed t hem, and a similar end await s t he disbelievers. Allah says:

リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒∠ピ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ル∇ケギｚ ホ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ぴ び (So, We saved him and his family, except his wife. We dest ined her t o be of t hose who remained behind.) meaning, she was one of t hose who were dest royed, wit h her people, because she was a helper t o what t hey did and she approved of t heir evil deeds. She t old t hem about t he guest s of Lut so t hat t hey could come t o t hem. She did not do t he evil deeds herself, which was because of t he honor of t he Lut and not because of any honor on her part .

びや⇔ゲト ∠ ョｚ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲト ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And We rained down on t hem a rain.) means; st ones of Sij j il, in a well-arranged manner one aft er anot her. Marked from your Lord; and t hey are not ever far from t he evildoers. Allah said:

び∠リΑ͡ケグ∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ト ∠ ョ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ジプ∠ ぴ (So, evil was t he rain of t hose who were warned.) meaning, t hose against whom proof was est ablished and whom t he warning reached, but t hey went against t he Messenger and denied him, and resolved t o drive him out from among t hem.

ヴ∠ヘト ∠ ∇タや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤ∠シ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リョｚ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅｚョぺ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャへ∠￢ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇わら∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥わら͡ レ⊥ゎ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ る∃ イ ∠ ∇ヰよ∠ れ ∠ や∠ク ペ ∠ も͡ へ∠ギェ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョｚ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャま͡ぺ∠ (59. Say : "Praise and t hanks be t o Allah, and peace be on His servant s whom He has chosen! Is Allah bet t er, or what t hey ascribe as part ners'') (60. Is not He Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, and sends down for you wat er from t he sky, whereby We cause t o grow wonderful gardens full of beaut y and delight It is not in your abilit y t o cause t he growt h of t heir t rees. Is t here any god wit h Allah Nay, but t hey are a people who ascribe equals!)

The Command to praise Allah and send Blessings on His Messengers Allah commands His Messenger t o say:

び͡ヮヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (Praise and t hanks be t o Allah,) meaning, for His innumerable blessings upon His servant s and for His exalt ed At t ribut es and most beaut iful Names. And He commands him t o send peace upon t he servant s of Allah whom He chose and select ed, i.e., His noble Messengers and Prophet s, may t he best of peace and blessings from Allah be upon t hem. This was t he view of ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam and ot hers; t he meaning of t he servant s He has chose is t he Prophet s. He said, "This like He said in t he Ayah;

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ Α∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ り͡ ゴｚ バ͡ ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや (Glorified be your Lord, t he Lord of honor and power! (He is free) from what t hey at t ribut e unt o Him! And peace be on t he Messengers! And all t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah, Lord of all t hat exist s.) (37:180-182).'' At h-Thawri and As-Suddi said, "This refers t o t he Companions of Muhammad , may Allah be pleased wit h t hem all. '' Somet hing similar was also narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas, and t here is no cont radict ion bet ween t he t wo views, because t hey were also among t he servant s of Allah whom He had chosen, alt hough t he descript ion is more befit t ing of t he Prophet s.

び∠ラヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅｚョぺ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャへ∠￢ぴ (Is Allah bet t er, or what t hey ascribe as part ners (t o Him)) This is a quest ion aimed at denouncing t he idolat ors for t heir worship of ot her gods besides Allah. Some more Proofs of Tawhid Then Allah begins t o explain t hat He is t he Only One Who creat es, provides and cont rols, as He says:

び͡れヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リョｚ ぺ∠ぴ (Is not He Who creat ed t he heavens) meaning, He creat ed t hose heavens which are so high and serene, wit h t heir shining st ars and revolving planet s. And He creat ed t he eart h, wit h it s varying height s and densit ies, and He creat ed everyt hing in it , mount ains, hills, plains, rugged t errain, wildernesses, crops, t rees, fruit s, seas and animals of all different kinds and colors and shapes, et c.

び⇔￢べ∠ョ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (and sends down for you wat er from t he sky,) means, He sends it as a provision for His servant s,

び∃るイ ∠ ∇ヰよ∠ れ ∠ や∠ク ペ ∠ も͡ へ∠ギェ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇わ∠らル∠ほ∠プぴ (whereby We cause t o grow wonderful gardens full of beaut y and delight ) means, beaut iful and delight ful t o behold.

びゅ∠ワゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥わら͡ レ⊥ゎ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚョぴ (It is not in your abilit y t o cause t he growt h of t heir t rees.) meaning, ` you are not able t o cause t heir t rees t o grow. The One Who is able t o do t hat is t he Creat or and Provider, Who is doing all t his Alone and Independent of any idol and ot her rival.' The idolat ors t hemselves admit t ed t his, as Allah says in anot her Ayah:

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ｚリャ⊥ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リョｚ ユ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ リ͡ゃ∠ャ∠ヱぴ (And if you ask t hem: "Who has creat ed t hem'' t hey will cert ainly say: "Allah.'') (31:25)

ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ェほ∠プ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ∠ ゴｚ ルｚ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ リ͡ゃ∠ャ∠ヱぴ び⊥ヮヤｚャや リ ｚ ャ⊥ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや (And if you were t o ask t hem: "Who sends down wat er from t he sky, and gives life t herewit h t o t he eart h aft er it s deat h'' t hey will surely reply: "Allah.'') (29:63) Meaning t hey will admit t hat He is t he One Who does all t hese t hings, Alone, wit h no part ner or associat e, but t hen t hey worship ot hers alongside Him, ot hers who t hey admit cannot creat e or provide anyt hing. But t he Only One Who deserves t o be worshipped is t he Only One Who can creat e and provide, Allah says:

び͡ヮヤｚャや ノ∠ ョｚ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャま͡ぺ∠ぴ (Is t here any god wit h Allah) meaning, ` is t here any god t hat can be worshipped alongside Allah, when it is clear t o you and anyone who wit h reason t hat He is t he Creat or and Provider, as you yourselves admit ' Then Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, but t hey are a people who ascribe equals (t o Him)!) meaning, t hey describe ot hers as being equal and comparable t o Allah.

や⇔ケゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠ヰ∠ャ∠Κ͡カ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ケや∠ゲホ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘやモ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ リｚョぺ∠ぴ や⇔ゴ͡ィゅ∠ェ リ ͡ ∇Αゲ∠ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ∠シ ͡ や∠ヱケ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぶ ͡ や ノ∠ ョｚ ヮ∀ ⇒ャ͡￢ぺ∠ (61. Is not He Who has made t he eart h as a fixed abode, and has placed rivers in it s midst , and has placed firm mount ains t herein, and has set a barrier bet ween t he t wo seas (of salt and sweet wat er) Is t here any ilah (god) wit h Allah Nay, but most of t hem know not !) Allah says:

び⇔やケや∠ゲホ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘやモ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ リｚョぺ∠ぴ (Is not He Who has made t he eart h as a fixed abode,) meaning, st able and st at ionary, so t hat it does not move or convulse, because if it were t o do so, it would not be a good place for people t o live on. But by His grace and mercy, He has made it smoot h and calm, and it is not shaken or moved. This is like t he Ayah,

￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ や⇔ケや∠ゲ⇒∠ホ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ⇒⊥ムャ∠ モ ∠ ⇒∠バィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ び⇔￢べ⇒∠レよ͡ (Allah, Who has made for you t he eart h as a dwelling place and t he sky as a canopy) (40:64).

び⇔やケゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠ヰ∠ャ∠Κ͡カ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and has placed rivers in it s midst ,) means, He has placed rivers which are fresh and sweet , cut t ing t hrough t he eart h, and He has made t hem of different t ypes, large rivers, small rivers and some in bet ween. He has caused t hem t o flow in all direct ions, east , west , sout h, nort h, according t o t he needs of mankind in different areas and regions, as He has creat ed t hem t hroughout t he world and sends t hem t heir provision according t o t heir needs.

び∠ヴシ ͡ や∠ヱケ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and has placed firm mount ains t herein, ) means, high mount ains which st abilize t he eart h and make it st eadfast , so t hat it does not shake.

び⇔やゴ͡ィゅ∠ェ リ ͡ ∇Αゲ∠ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and has set a barrier bet ween t he t wo seas) means, He has placed a barrier bet ween t he fresh wat er and t he salt wat er, t o prevent t hem from mixing lest t hey corrupt one anot her. Divine wisdom dict at es t hat each of t hem should st ay as it is meant t o be. The sweet wat er is t hat which flows in rivers among mankind, and it is meant t o be fresh and palat able so t hat it may

be used t o wat er animals and plant s and fruit s. The salt wat er is t hat which surrounds t he cont inent s on all sides, and it s wat er is meant t o be salt y and undrinkable lest t he air be corrupt ed by it s smell, as Allah says:

∀れや∠ゲプ⊥ ∀ゆ∇グ∠ハ や∠グ⇒∠ワ リ ͡ ∇Αゲ∠ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ や⇔ゲ∇イェ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔カ∠コ∇ゲよ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ァゅ∠ィぺ⊥ ∀ウ∇ヤ͡ョ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ び や⇔ケヲ⊥イ∇エョｚ (And it is He Who has let free t he t wo seas, t his is palat able and sweet , and t hat is salt y and bit t er; and He has set a barrier and a complet e part it ion bet ween t hem.) (25:53) Allah says:

び͡ぶや ノ∠ ョｚ ∀ヮ⇒ャ͡￢ぺ∠ぴ (Is t here any god wit h Allah) meaning, any god who could do t his, or who deserves t o be worshipped Bot h meanings are indicat ed by t he cont ext .

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, but most of t hem know not !) means, in t hat t hey worship ot hers t han Allah.

￢∠ ヲぁジャや ブ ⊥ ゼ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠ハキ∠ や∠クま͡ ゲｚ ト ∠ ∇ツヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ Β͡イΑ⊥ リｚョぺ∠ぴ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョｚ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡￢∠ぺ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ￢∠ べ∠ヘヤ∠ェ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ (62. Is not He Who responds t o t he dist ressed one, when he calls on Him, and Who removes t he evil, and makes you inherit ors of t he eart h, generat ions aft er generat ions Is t here any god wit h Allah Lit t le is t hat you remember!) Allah point s out t hat He is t he One upon Whom people call in t imes of difficult y, and He is t he One t o Whom t hey t urn when calamit y st rikes, as He says elsewhere:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ リ∠ョ モ ｚッ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゲぁ ツ ぁ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚジョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ロゅｚΑ͡ま Ι ∠ ま͡ (And when harm t ouches you upon t he sea, t hose t hat you call upon vanish from you except Him) (17:67),

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠∇イゎ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠み͡プ∠ ゲぁ ツ ぁ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚジョ∠ や∠クま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then, when harm t ouches you, unt o Him you cry aloud for help) (16:53). Similarly, Allah says here:

び⊥ロゅ∠ハキ∠ や∠クま͡ ゲｚ ト ∠ ∇ツヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ Β͡イΑ⊥ リｚョぺ∠ぴ (Is not He Who responds t o t he dist ressed one, when he calls on Him,) meaning, Who is t he only One t o Whom t he person in desperat e need t urns, and t he only One Who can relieve t hose who are st ricken by harm Imam Ahmad report ed t hat a man of Balhaj im said: "O Messenger of Allah, what are you calling for'' He said:

ゲｘ ッ ⊥ マ ∠ジ ｚ ョ∠ ∇ラま͡ ヵ͡グャｚや ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ヲ⊥ハ∇キぺ∠» チ ∃ ∇ケほ∠よ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ヤヤ∠∇ッぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∩∠マ∇レハ ∠ ブ ∠ ゼ ∠ ミ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ギ∠ プ∠ る∀ レ∠ シ ∠ マ ∠ ∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∩∠マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ キｚ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ギ∠ プ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ヘホ∠ «マ∠ャ ろ ∠ ら∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ギ∠ プ∠ (I am calling people t o Allah Alone, t he One Who, if you call on Him when harm befalls you, will relieve you; and when you are lost in t he wilderness, you call on Him and He brings you back: and when drought (famine) st rikes, you call on Him and He makes your crops grow.) He said: "Advise me.'' He said:

∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡フヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ギ∠ ワ∠ ∇ゴゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ｚ らｚ ジ ⊥ ∠ゎ ゅ∠ャ» ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠マヰ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ テ ∀ジ ͡ ら∠ ∇レョ⊥ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇ヤゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ケゴ͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ∩ヶ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ￢͡ ゅ∠ルま͡ ヶ͡プ ポ ∠ ヲ͡ ∇ャキ∠ ∇リョ͡ パ ∠ ゲ∇ヘゎ⊥ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡リ∇Βら∠ ∇バム∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャみ͡プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ベ ͡ ゅｚジャや ブ ͡ ∇ダル͡ る͡ ヤ∠Β͡ガヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ケ͡ や∠コみ͡∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ら∇シま͡ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ケ͡ や∠コみ͡∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ら∇シま͡ヱ∠ «る∠ヤΒ͡ガヨ∠ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ (Do not slander anyone and do not t hink of any good deed as insignificant , even if it is only meet ing your brot her wit h a cheerful face or empt ying your vessel int o t he vessel of one who is asking for wat er. Wear your lower garment at mid-calf lengt h, or -- if you insist -- let it reach

your ankles, and beware of lowering t he garment below t he ankles along t he ground, for it is a form of showing-off, and Allah does not like showing-off.)

The Story of a Mujahid who fought for the sake of Allah In his biography of Fat imah bint Al-Hasan Umm Ahmad Al-` Aj aliyyah, Al-Hafiz bin ` Asakir report ed t hat she said: "One day t he disbelievers defeat ed t he Muslims in a bat t le. There was a good horse which belonged t o a rich man who was also right eous. The horse j ust st ood t here, so it s owner said, ` What is t he mat t er wit h you Woe t o you! I was only preparing you for a day such as t his.' The horse said t o him: ` How can you expect me not t o perform badly, when you delegat ed my feeding t o t he grooms, and t hey mist reat ed me and only fed me a lit t le' The man said, ` I make you a promise before Allah t hat from t his day on, only I will feed you from my own lap.' So t he horse began t o run, and his owner was saved, and aft er t hat he only ever fed t he horse from his own lap. This st ory became well known among t he people, and t hey st art ed t o come t o him t o hear t he st ory from his own lips. News of t his reached t he king of Byzant ium, and he said: ` A cit y where t his man is, will be kept safe from harm.' He want ed t o bring t he man t o his own cit y, so he sent an apost at e (a man who had left Islam) who was living in his cit y t o go t o him, and when he reached him, he pret ended t hat his int ent ions t owards Islam and it s followers were good, so t he Muj ahid t rust ed him. One day t hey went out walking along t he shore, but t he apost at e made a pact wit h anot her person, a follower of t he Byzant ine king, t o come and help him t ake t he Muj ahid prisoner. When t hey made t heir move, he lift ed his gaze t o t he sky and said, ` O Allah! He has deceived me by swearing in Your Name, so prot ect me in what ever way You will.' Then t wo wild animals came out and seized t hem, and t he Muj ahid came back safe and sound. '' The Inherit ance of t he Eart h

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ￢∠ べ∠ヘヤ∠ェ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and makes you inherit ors of t he eart h,) means, each generat ion inherit s from t he generat ion t hat came before t hem, one aft er t he ot her, as Allah says:

￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ミ͡ギ∇バ∠よ リ͡ョ ∇ブヤ͡∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇らワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まぴ び∠リΑ͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ͡るΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ リあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨミ∠ (if He wills, He can dest roy you, and in your place make whom He wills as your successors, as He raised you from t he seed of ot her people) (6:133),

ノ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや ブ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤカ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び∃ろ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ (And it is He Who has made you generat ions coming aft er generat ions, replacing each ot her on t he eart h. And He has raised you in ranks, some above ot hers) (6:165),

チ ͡ ∇ケΕ ∠ や ヴ͡プ ∀モ͡ハゅ∠ィ ヶあルま͡ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び⇔るヘ∠ Β͡ヤカ ∠ (And (remember) when your Lord said t o t he angels: "Verily, I am going t o place generat ions aft er generat ions on eart h.'') (2:30) meaning, people who will come aft er one anot her, as we have already st at ed. Allah's saying:

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ￢∠ べ∠ヘヤ∠ェ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and makes you inherit ors of t he eart h,) means, nat ion aft er nat ion, generat ion aft er generat ion, people aft er people. If He had willed, He could have creat ed t hem all at one t ime, and not made some of t hem t he offspring of ot hers. If He had willed, He could have creat ed t hem all t oget her, as He creat ed Adam from dust . If He had willed, He could have made some of t hem t he offspring of ot hers, but not caused any of t hem t o die unt il t hey all died at one t ime; in t his case t he eart h would have become const rict ed for t hem and it would be t oo difficult for t hem t o live and earn a living, and t hey would have caused inconvenience and harm t o one anot her. But His wisdom and decree ruled t hat t hey should be creat ed from one soul, t hen t heir numbers should be great ly increased, so He creat ed t hem on t he eart h and made t hem generat ion aft er generat ion, nat ion aft er nat ion, unt il t heir t ime will come t o an end and t here will be no one left on eart h, as Allah has decreed and as He has complet ely count ed out t heir numbers. Then t he Resurrect ion will come t o pass, and each person will be rewarded or punished according t o his deeds. Allah says:

￢∠ ヲぁジャや ブ ⊥ ゼ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠ハキ∠ や∠クま͡ ゲｚ ト ∠ ∇ツヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ Β͡イΑ⊥ リｚョぺ∠ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや ノ∠ ョｚ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ￢͡ ぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ￢∠ べ∠ヘヤ∠ェ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ (Is not He Who responds t o t he dist ressed one, when he calls on Him, and Who removes t he evil, and makes you inherit ors of t he eart h, generat ions aft er generat ions Is t here any god wit h Allah) meaning, is t here anyone else able t o do t hat , or a god wit h Allah wort h worshipping -while you know t hat He is t he only one who can do t hat , having no part ners

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ぴ (Lit t le is t hat you remember!) meaning, how lit t le t hey t hink about t hat which would guide t hem t o t he t rut h and show t hem t he st raight pat h.

リ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇ヰ∠Α リｚョぺ∠ぴ ノ∠ ョｚ ヮ∀ ⇒∠ャ￢͡ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ∇ンギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ や∠ゲ⇔ ∇ゼよ⊥ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠Αゲあ ャや モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや

(63. Is not He Who guides you in t he darkness of t he land and t he sea, and Who sends t he winds as heralds of glad t idings, going before His mercy Is t here any god wit h Allah Exalt ed be Allah above all t hat t hey associat e as part ners!) Allah says,

び͡ゲ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇ヰ∠Α リｚョぺ∠ぴ (Is not He Who guides you in t he darkness of t he land and t he sea,) meaning, by means of what He has creat ed of heavenly and eart hly signpost s. This is like t he Ayah,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ユ͡ ∇イレｚ ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ョΚ∠ハヱ∠ ぴ (And landmarks and by t he st ars, t hey guide t hemselves.) (16:16)

ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰわ∠ ャ͡ ∠ュヲ⊥イレぁ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ゲ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ (It is He Who has set t he st ars for you, so t hat you may guide your course wit h t heir help t hrough t he darkness of t he land and t he sea...) (6:97)

び͡ヮわ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ∇ンギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ や∠ゲ⇔ ∇ゼよ⊥ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠Αゲあ ャや モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and Who sends t he winds as heralds of glad t idings, going before His mercy) meaning, ahead of t he clouds which bring rain, by means of which Allah shows His mercy t o His servant s who are suffering drought and despair.

び∠ラヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョｚ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ￢͡ ぺ∠ぴ (Is t here any god wit h Allah Exalt ed be Allah above all t hat t hey associat e as part ners!)

リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Βバ⊥Α ｚユを⊥ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ぺ⊥ギ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リｚョぺ∠ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ワ ∇モホ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョｚ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ￢͡ ぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ やヱ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ワ∇ゲよ⊥ (64. Is not He Who originat es creat ion, and shall t hereaft er repeat it , and Who provides for you from heaven and eart h Is t here any god wit h Allah Say: "Bring fort h your proofs, if you are t rut hful.'') He is t he One Who, by His might and power, originat es creat ion and t hen repeat s it . This is like t he Ayat :

び ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ ン͡ギ∇らΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ - ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠ゼ∠ャ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ズ ∠ ∇トよ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he punishment of your Lord is severe and painful. Verily, He it is Who begins and repeat s.) (85:12-13)

ラ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ぺ⊥ギ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (And He it is Who originat es t he creat ion, t hen He will repeat it ; and t his is easier for Him.) (30:27)

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ やヱ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲ∠Α リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and Who provides for you from heaven and eart h) wit h t he rain He sends down from t he sky causing t he blessings of t he eart h t o grow, as He says elsewhere:

ネ ͡ ∇ギダ ｚ ャや れ ͡ や∠ク チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ∂ や∠ヱ - ノ͡ ∇ィゲｚ ャや れ ͡ や∠ク ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ び (By t he sky which gives rain, again and again. And t he eart h which split s.) (86:11-12)

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ア ⊥ ∇ヤΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ⊥ ゴ͡ レ∠Α (He knows t hat which goes int o t he eart h and t hat which comes fort h from it , and t hat which descends from t he heaven and t hat which ascends t o it ) (34:2). Allah, may He be blessed and exalt ed, sends down wat er from t he sky as a blessing, and causes it t o penet rat e t he eart h, and t hen come fort h as springs. Aft er t hat , by means of t he wat er He brings fort h all kinds of crops, fruit s and flowers, in all t heir different forms and colors.

ヴ͡ャ∇ヱｘΙ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΕ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヨ∠ ⇒∠バ∇ルぺ∠ や∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ぴ び ヴ∠ヰレぁ ャや (Eat and past ure your cat t le; verily, in t his are signs for men of underst anding) (20:54). Allah says:

び͡ヮヤｚャや ノ∠ ョｚ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャま͡ぺ∠ぴ (Is t here any god wit h Allah) meaning, who did t his Or, according t o anot her int erpret at ion: aft er t his (who could be wort h worship)

び∠リΒ͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ワ∇ゲよ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ワ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Bring fort h your proofs, if you are t rut hful.'') Produce t he evidence of t hat . But it is known t hat t hey have no proof or evidence, as Allah says:

ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ワ∇ゲよ⊥ Ι ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ネ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ (And whoever invokes besides Allah, any ot her god, of whom he has no proof; t hen his reckoning is only wit h his Lord. Surely, t he disbelievers will not be successful.) (23:117)

ょ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ やヱ れ ͡ ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ｚ モ⊥ホぴ ポ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ や モ ͡ よ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ユ⊥ワ ∇モよ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ マ ｙセ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ (65. Say: "None in t he heavens and t he eart h knows t he Unseen except Allah, nor can t hey perceive when t hey shall be resurrect ed.'') (66. Nay, t heir knowledge will perceive t hat in t he Hereaft er. Nay, t hey are in doubt about it . Nay, t hey are in complet e blindness about it .)

The One Who knows the Unseen is Allah Allah commands His Messenger t o inform all of creat ion t hat no one among t he dwellers of heaven and eart h knows t he Unseen, except Allah.

び⊥ヮヤｚャや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except Allah) This is an absolut e except ion, meaning t hat no one knows t his besides Allah, He is alone in t hat regard, having no part ner in t hat knowledge. This is like t he Ayat :

び∠ヲワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ウ ⊥ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ヘョ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハヱ∠ ぴ (And wit h Him are t he keys of t he Unseen, none knows t hem but He) (6:59).

び∠ゑ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ユ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah, wit h Him is t he knowledge of t he Hour, He sends down t he rain) (31:34). unt il t he end of t he Surah. And t here are many Ayat which ment ion similar t hings.

び∠ラヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (nor can t hey perceive when t hey shall be resurrect ed.) That is, t he creat ed beings who dwell in t he heavens and on eart h do not know when t he Hour will occur, as Allah says:

び⇔るわ∠ ∇ピよ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ろヤ∠ボ⊥ を∠ ぴ (Heavy is it s burden t hrough t he heavens and t he eart h. It shall not come upon you except all of a sudden) (7: 187). meaning, it is a grave mat t er for t he dwellers of heaven and eart h.

マ ｙセ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ポ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ や モ ͡ よ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ (Nay, t heir knowledge will perceive t hat in t he Hereaft er. Nay, t hey are in doubt about it .) means t heir knowledge and amazement st ops short of knowing it s t ime. Ot her scholars read t his wit h t he meaning "t heir knowledge is all t he same wit h regard t o t hat ,'' which reflect s t he meaning of t he Hadit h in Sahih Muslim which st at es t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t o Jibril, when t he lat t er asked him when t he Hour would come: s

«モ͡もゅｚジャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇ハほ∠よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ メ ⊥ ヱ⊥ぽ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ» (The one who is being asked about it does not know any more t han t he one who is asking.) In ot her words, t hey were bot h equal in t he fact t hat t heir knowledge did not ext end t hat far.

びゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ マ ｙセ ∠ ヴプ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, t hey are in doubt about it .) This refers t o t he disbelievers in general as Allah says elsewhere:

ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚ ゅ∠ヘタ ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッ͡ゲハ ⊥ ∠ヱぴ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イルｚ リｚャぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨハ ∠ コ∠ ∇モよ∠ り∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ び や⇔ギハ ͡ ∇ヲョｚ (And t hey will be set before your Lord in rows, (and Allah will say:) "Now indeed, you have come t o Us as We creat ed you t he first t ime. Nay, but you t hought t hat We had appoint ed no meet ing for you (wit h Us). '') (18:48) i.e., t he disbelievers among you. By t he same t oken, Allah says here:

びゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ マ ｙセ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, t hey are in doubt about it .) meaning, t hey doubt t hat it will come t o pass.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ユ⊥ワ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, t hey are in complet e blindness about it .) They are blind and complet ely ignorant about it .

ゅｚル￢͡ ぺ∠ べ∠ルぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ヱ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ゲゎ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ や∠ク￢͡ ぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ルぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢∠ヱ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ル∇ギハ ͡ ヱ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ∠ ∇ガヨ⊥ ャ∠ び ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ル∇ゅプ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡シ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ リ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ラゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ペ ∃ ∇Βッ ∠ ヴ͡プ (67. And t hose who disbelieve say: "When we have become dust -- we and our fat hers -- shall we really be brought fort h'') (68. "Indeed we were promised t his -- we and our forefat hers before, verily, t hese are not hing but t ales of ancient s.'') (69. Say t o t hem: "Travel in t he land and see how has been t he end of t he criminals.'') (70. And grieve you not over t hem, nor be st rait ened (in dist ress) because of what t hey plot .)

Scepticism about the Resurrection and Its Refutation

Allah t ells us about t he idolat ors who deny t he Resurrect ion, considering it ext remely unlikely t hat bodies will be re-creat ed aft er t hey have become bones and dust . Then He says:

び⊥モ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ルぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢∠ヱ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ル∇ギハ ͡ ヱ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Indeed we were promised t his -- we and our forefat hers before,) meaning, ` we and our forefat hers have been hearing t his for a long t ime, but in realit y, we have never seen it happen.'

び∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘ や ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ぴ (verily, t hese are not hing but t ales of ancient s.) t he promises t hat bodies will be rest ored are

び∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘ や ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (not hing but t ales of ancient s.) meaning t hat t hey were t aken by t he people who came before us from books which were handed down from one t o t he ot her, but t hey have no basis in realit y. Responding t o t heir t hought s of disbelief and t heir belief t hat t here would be no Resurrect ion, Allah said,

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say) ` O Muhammad, t o t hese people,'

る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ル∇ゅプ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡シぴ び∠リΒ͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Travel in t he land and see how has been t he end of t he criminals. ) meaning, t hose who denied t he Messengers and t heir message of t he Resurrect ion and ot her mat t ers. See how t he punishment and vengeance of Allah st ruck t hem and how Allah saved from among t hem t he noble Messengers and t he believers who followed t hem. This will be an indicat ion of t he t rut h of t he Message brought by t he Messengers. Then, t o comfort t he Prophet , Allah says:

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ラゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And grieve you not over t hem,) meaning, ` but do not feel sorry for t hem or kill yourself wit h regret for t hem,'

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ペ ∃ ∇Βッ ∠ ヴ͡プ リ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(nor be st rait ened because of what t hey plot .) means, ` because t hey plot against you and rej ect what you have brought , for Allah will help and support you, and cause your religion t o prevail over t hose who oppose you and st ubbornly resist you in t he east and in t he west .'

∇モホ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ギ⊥ ∇ハヲ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴわ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ン͡グャｚや ヂ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ムャ∠ フ ∠ キ͡ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ⊥グャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヴ͡プ る∃ ら∠ も͡ べ∠ビ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レヤ͡∇バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ぁリム͡ ゎ⊥ びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (71. And t hey say: "When t his promise, if you are t rut hful'') (72. Say: "Perhaps t hat which you wish t o hast en on, may be close behind you.'') (73. Verily, your Lord is full of grace for mankind, yet most of t hem do not give t hanks.) (74. And verily, your Lord knows what t heir breast s conceal and what t hey reveal.) (75. And t here is not hing hidden in t he heaven and t he eart h but it is in a Clear Book.) Allah t ells us about how t he idolat ors asked about t he Day of Resurrect ion, but t hought it unlikely t hat it would ever come t o pass.

びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ギ⊥ ∇ハヲ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠わョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey say: "When (will) t his promise (be fulfilled), if you are t rut hful'') Allah said, responding t o t hem:

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say) ` O Muhammad,'

ン͡グャｚや ヂ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ムャ∠ フ ∠ キ͡ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ (Perhaps t hat which you wish t o hast en on, may be close behind you.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "That which you wish t o hast en on has come close t o you, or some of it has come close.'' This was also t he view of Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak, ` At a Al-Khurasani, Qat adah and As-Suddi. This is also what is meant in t he Ayat :

びゅ⇔らΑ͡ゲホ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヴ∠わョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey say: "When will t hat be'' Say: "Perhaps it is near!'') (17:51)

∀る∠トΒ͡エヨ⊥ ∠ャ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャゅ͡よ (They ask you t o hast en on t he t orment . And verily, Hell, of a suret y, will encompass t he disbelievers) (29:54).

びユ⊥ムャ∠ フ ∠ キ͡ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ぴ (may be close behind you.) means, it is being hast ened for you. This was report ed from Muj ahid. Then Allah says:

び͡サゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ⊥グャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (Verily, your Lord is full of grace for mankind,) meaning, He abundant ly best ows His blessings on t hem even t hough t hey wrong t hemselves, yet despit e t hat t hey do not give t hanks for t hose blessings, except for a few of t hem.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レヤ͡∇バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ぁリム͡ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, your Lord knows what t heir breast s conceal and what t hey reveal.) means, He knows what is hidden in t heir heart s j ust as He knows what is easily visible.

び͡ヮよ͡ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ゲｚ シ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シぴ (It is t he same (t o Him) whet her any of you conceals his speech or declares it openly) (13:10),

びヴ∠ヘ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲｚ ジ あ ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ぴ (He knows t he secret and t hat which is yet more hidden) (20: 7),

ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲジ ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠Βを͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ Ι∠ぺぴ び∠ラヲ⊥レヤ͡∇バΑ⊥

(Surely, even when t hey cover t hemselves wit h t heir garment s, He knows what t hey conceal and what t hey reveal) (11:5). Then Allah t ells us t hat He is t he Knower of t he unseen in t he heavens and on eart h, and t hat He is t he Knower of t he unseen and t he seen, i.e., t hat which is unseen by His servant s and t hat which t hey can see. And Allah says:

び∃るら∠ も͡ べ∠ビ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and t here is not hing hidden) Ibn ` Abbas said, "This means, t here is not hing

び∃リΒ͡らョぁ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プぴ (in t he heaven and t he eart h but it is in a Clear Book.) This is like t he Ayah,

ラ ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び ∀ゲΒ͡ジ∠Α ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ラ ｚ ま͡ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ャ͡ク (Know you not t hat Allah knows all t hat is in t he heaven and on t he eart h Verily, it is (all) in t he Book. Verily, t hat is easy for Allah.) (22:70)

ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぁゾボ⊥ Α∠ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ムエ ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ͡ツ∇ボΑ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ͡ま - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ぽ⊥ヨ∇ヤャあ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ユｚ ダ ぁ ャや ノ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ジゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ジゎ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ルｚま͡ - ͡リΒ͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇ヨバ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡キゅ∠ヰよ͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲよ͡ ∇ギョ⊥ ∇や∇ヲャｚヱ∠ や∠クま͡ ￢∠ べ∠ハギぁ ャや ユ⊥ヰプ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ノ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ジゎ⊥ ラ͡ま ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤッ ∠ リ∠ハ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョぁ (76. Verily, t his Qur'an narrat es t o t he Children of Israel most of t hat in which t hey differ.) (77. And t ruly, it is a guide and a mercy for t he believers.) (78. Verily, your Lord will decide bet ween t hem by His j udgement . And He is t he All-Might y, t he All-Knowing.) (79. So, put your t rust in Allah; surely, you are on manifest t rut h.) (80. Verily, you cannot make t he dead t o hear nor can you make t he deaf t o hear t he call, when t hey flee, t urning t heir backs.) (81. Nor can

you lead t he blind out of t heir error. You can only make t o hear t hose who believe in Our Ayat , so t hey submit (became Muslims).)

The Qur'an tells the Story of the Differences among the Children of Israel, and Allah judges between Them Allah t ells us about His Book and t he guidance, proof and crit erion bet ween right and wrong t hat it cont ains. He t ells us about t he Children of Israel, who were t he bearers of t he Tawrah and Inj il.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ぴ (most of t hat in which t hey differ.) such as t heir different opinions about ` Isa. The Jews lied about him while t he Christ ians exaggerat ed in praise for him, so t he Qur'an came wit h t he moderat e word of t rut h and j ust ice: t hat he was one of t he servant s of Allah, and one of His noble Prophet s and Messengers, may t he best of peace and blessings be upon him, as t he Qur'an says:

ヮ͡ Β͡プ ン͡グャｚや ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ (Such is ` Isa, son of Maryam. (It is) a st at ement of t rut h, about which t hey doubt ) (19:34).

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ぽ⊥ヨ∇ヤャあ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t ruly, it is a guide and a mercy for t he believers.) meaning, it is guidance for t he heart s of t hose who believe in it , and a mercy t o t hem. Then Allah says:

びユ⊥ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ͡ツ∇ボΑ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ͡まぴ (Verily, your Lord will decide bet ween t hem) meaning, on t he Day of Resurrect ion,

び⊥ゴΑ͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ムエ ⊥ よ͡ ぴ (by His j udgement . And He is t he All-Might y,) means, in His vengeance,

び⊥ユΒ͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャやぴ (t he All-Knowing.) Who knows all t hat His servant s do and say.

The Command to put One's Trust in Allah and to convey the Message

び͡ヮヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, put your t rust in Allah;) in all your affairs, and convey t he Message of your Lord.

び͡リΒ͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (surely, you are on manifest t rut h.) meaning, you are following manifest t rut h, even t hough you are opposed by t hose who oppose you because t hey are doomed. The Word of your Lord has been j ust ified against t hem, so t hat t hey will not believe even if all t he signs are brought t o t hem. Allah says:

びヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ジゎ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, you cannot make t he dead t o hear) meaning, you cannot cause t hem t o hear anyt hing t hat will benefit t hem. The same applies t o t hose over whose heart s is a veil and in whose ears is deafness of disbelief. Allah says:

び∠リΑ͡ゲよ͡ ∇ギョ⊥ ∇や∇ヲャｚヱ∠ や∠クま͡ ￢∠ べ∠ハギぁ ャや ユｚ ダ ぁ ャや ノ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ジゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ノ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ジゎ⊥ ラ͡ま ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤッ ∠ リ∠ハ ヴ ͡ ∇ヨバ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡キゅ∠ヰよ͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ び-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョぁ ユ⊥ヰプ∠ ゅ∠レ͡わ⇒∠Αゅ∠ゃ⇒͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ (nor can you make t he deaf t o hear t he call, when t hey flee, t urning t heir backs. Nor can you lead t he blind out of t heir error. You can only make t o hear t hose who believe in Our Ayat , so t hey submit (became Muslims).) meaning, t hose who have hearing and insight will respond t o you, t hose whose hearing and sight are of benefit t o t heir heart s and who are humble t owards Allah and t o t he Message t hat comes t o t hem t hrough t he mout hs of t he Messengers, may peace be upon t hem.

リ ∠ ョあ る⇔ よｚ へ∠キ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤム∠ ゎ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α (82. And when t he Word is fulfilled against t hem, We shall bring out from t he eart h a beast for t hem, t o speak t o t hem because mankind believed not wit h cert aint y in Our Ayat .)

The Emergence of the Beast of the Earth This is t he beast which will emerge at t he end of t ime, when mankind has become corrupt and neglect ed t he commands of Allah and changed t he t rue religion. Then Allah will cause a beast t o emerge from t he eart h. It was said t hat it will be brought from Makkah, or from somewhere else, as we shall discuss in det ail below, if Allah wills. The beast will speak t o people about mat t ers. Ibn ` Abbas, Al-Hasan and Qat adah said, and it was also narrat ed from ` Ali, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat it will speak words, meaning, it will address t hem. Many Hadit hs and report s have been narrat ed about t he beast , and we will narrat e as many of t hem as Allah enables us t o, for He is t he One Whose help we seek. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Hudhayfah bin Asid Al-Ghifari said, "The Messenger of Allah came out from his room while we were discussing t he mat t er of t he Hour. He said:

ネ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤデ ⊥ :れ ∃ ゅ∠Αへ ゲ∠ ∇ゼハ ∠ や∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» ァ ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲカ ⊥ ヱ∠ る⊥ ｚよやｚギャやヱ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠カギぁ ャや∠ヱ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ∇リョ͡ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ͡ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ァ ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲカ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∠ァヲ⊥ィ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ァ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほΑ∠ ∀ブ∇ジ∠カ :フ ∃ ヲ⊥ジカ ⊥ る⊥ を∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥メゅｚィギｚ ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ Α͡ゴイ ∠ よ͡ ブ ∀ ∇ジカ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ベゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ブ ∀ ∇ジカ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ゆゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ヱぺ∠ ベ ⊥ ヲ⊥ジゎ∠ ラ ∃ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇バホ∠ ∇リョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ ∀ケゅ∠ル∠ヱ ∩͡ゆゲ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ Β͡ボゎ∠ ヱ∠ やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠よ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡らゎ∠ ∩∠サゅｚレャや ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エゎ∠ «やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ (The Hour will not come unt il you see t en signs: t he rising of t he sun from t he west ; t he smoke (Ad-Dukhan); emergence of t he beast ; t he emergence of Ya'j uj and Ma'j uj ; t he appearance of ` Isa bin Maryam, upon him be peace; t he Daj j al; and t hree land cave-ins, one in t he west , one in t he east and one in t he Arabian Peninsula; and a Fire which will emerge from t he midst of Yemen, and will drive or gat her t he people, st opping wit h t hem whenever t hey st op for t he night or t o rest during t he day.)'' This was also recorded by Muslim and t he Sunan compilers from Hudhayfah, in a Mawquf report . At -Tirmidhi said, "It is Hasan Sahih.'' It was also recorded by Muslim from Hudhayfah in a Marfu` report . And Allah knows best .

Another Hadith Muslim bin Al-Haj j aj recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said, "I memorized a Hadit h from t he Messenger of Allah which I never forgot aft erwards. I heard t he Messenger of Allah say:

∇リョ͡ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ネ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤデ ⊥ ゅ⇔ィヱ⊥ゲカ ⊥ れ ͡ ゅ∠Αべ∇ャや メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ∩ヴ⇔エッ ⊥ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る͡ よｚ やｚギャや ァ ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲカ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲ∇カほ⊥∇ャゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰわ͡ ら∠ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ わ⊥ Αｚ ∠ぺ∠ヱ «ゅ⇔らΑ͡ゲホ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ͡ ∇をま͡ (The first of t he signs t o appear will be t he rising of t he sun from t he west , and t he emergence of t he beast t o mankind in t he forenoon. Whichever of t hem appears first , t he ot her will follow close behind it .)

Another Hadith his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

∇リョ͡ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ネ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤデ ⊥ ∩ゅ６わシ ͡ ͡メゅ∠ヨ∇ハ∠ほ∇ャゅ͡よ やヱ⊥ケキ͡ ゅ∠よ» る∠ タ ｚ ゅ∠カヱ∠ ∩∠るよｚ やｚギャや∠ヱ ∩∠メゅｚィギｚ ャや∠ヱ ∩∠ラゅ∠カギぁ ャや∠ヱ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピョ∠ «るｚョゅ∠バ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ (Hast en t o do good deeds before six t hings appear: t he rising of t he sun from t he west ; t he smoke; t he Daj j al; t he beast ; t he (deat h) of one of your favorit e, or general afflict ion.) This was recorded by Muslim alone. Muslim also recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he t he Prophet said:

る∠ よｚ や∠キヱ∠ ∩∠ラゅ∠カギぁ ャや∠ヱ ∩∠メゅｚィギｚ ャや :ゅ６わ͡シ メ ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ハほ∠∇ャゅ͡よ やヱ⊥ケキ͡ ゅ∠よ» ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ∇リョ͡ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ネ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤデ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや «ユ⊥ミ͡ギ∠ェ∠ぺ る∠ ダ ｚ ∇Αヲ∠ カ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡るョｚ ゅ∠バ∇ャや (Hast en t o do good deeds before six t hings appear: t he Daj j al; t he smoke; t he beast of t he eart h; t he rising of t he sun from t he west ; and t he (deat h of one of your favorit e) or general afflict ion.)

Another Hadith

Ibn Maj ah recorded from Anas bin Malik t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

∇リョ͡ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ネ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤデ ⊥ :ゅ６わ͡シ ͡メゅ∠ヨ∇ハ∠ほ∇ャゅ͡よ やヱ⊥ケキ͡ ゅ∠よ» る∠ ダ ｚ ∇Αヲ∠ カ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∠メゅｚィギｚ ャや ∩∠るよｚ やｚギャや∠ヱ ∩∠ラゅ∠カギぁ ャや∠ヱ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピョ∠ «るｚョゅ∠バ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ (Hast en t o do good deeds before six t hings appear: t he rising of t he sun from t he west ; t he smoke; t he beast ; t he Daj j al; and t he (deat h of one of your favorit e) or general afflict ion.) He was t he only one who recorded t his version.

Another Hadith Abu Dawud At -Tayalisi recorded from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ユ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠カヱ∠ ヴシ ∠ ヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠ダ∠ハ ゅ∠ヰバ∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや る⊥ ｚよや∠キ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ » ゲ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや ブ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ユ⊥ ト ͡ ∇ガわ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩͡ユゎ∠ ゅ∠ガ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ヶあヤ∠イゎ⊥ ∠ヱ ∩ゅ∠ダバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや フ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ラ ͡ や∠ヲガ ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ノ∠ ヨ͡ わ∠ ∇イΑ∠ «ゲ͡プゅ∠ム∇ャや (A beast will emerge from t he eart h, and wit h it will be t he st aff of Musa and t he ring of Sulayman, peace be upon t hem bot h. It will st rike t he nose of t he disbelievers wit h t he st aff, and it will make t he face of t he believer bright wit h t he ring, unt il when people gat her t o eat , t hey will be able t o recognize t he believers from t he disbelievers.) It also was recorded by Imam Ahmad, wit h t he wording:

ヮ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇イゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ユゎ∠ ゅ∠ガ∇ャゅ͡よ ゲ͡プゅ∠ム∇ャや ブ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ユ⊥ ト ͡ ∇ガわ∠ プ∠ » ギ͡ ェ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや ラ ∠ や∠ヲガ ͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩ゅ∠ダバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ͡ョ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや

ゅ∠Α :や∠グワ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥リョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ゅ∠Α :や∠グワ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ͡ わ∠ ∇イΒ∠ ャ∠ «ゲ͡プゅ∠ミ (It will st rike t he nose of t he disbelievers wit h t he ring, and will make t he face of t he believer bright wit h t he st aff, unt il when people gat her for a meal, t hey will say t o one anot her, O believer, or O disbeliever.) It was also recorded by Ibn Maj ah. Ibn Jurayj report ed t hat Ibn AzZubayr described t he beast and said, "It s head is like t he head of a bull, it s eyes are like t he eyes of a pig, it s ears are like t he ears of an elephant , it s horns are like t he horns of a st ag, it s neck is like t he neck of an ost rich, it s chest is like t he chest of a lion, it s color is like t he colour of a t iger, it s haunches are like t he haunches of a cat , it s t ail is like t he t ail of a ram, and it s legs are like t he legs of a camel. Bet ween each pair of it s j oint s is a dist ance of t welve cubit s. It will bring out wit h it t he st aff of Musa and t he ring of Sulayman. There will be no believer left wit hout it making a whit e spot on his face, which will spread unt il all his face is shining whit e as a result ; and t here will be no disbeliever left wit hout it making a black spot on his face, which will spread unt il all his face is black as a result , t hen when t he people t rade wit h one anot her in t he market place, t hey will say, ` How much is t his, O believer' ` How much is t his, O disbeliever' And when t he members of one household sit down t oget her t o eat , t hey will know who is a believer and who is a disbeliever. Then t he beast will say: ` O so-and-so, enj oy yourself, for you are among t he people of Paradise.' And it will say: ` O so-and-so, you are among t he people of Hell,' This is what Allah says:

リ ∠ ョあ る⇔ よｚ へ∠キ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤム∠ ゎ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α (And when t he Word is fulfilled against t hem, We shall bring out from t he eart h a beast for t hem, t o speak t o t hem because mankind believed not wit h cert aint y in Our Ayat .)

ゆ ⊥ あグム∠ Α⊥ リｚヨョあ ゅ⇔ィ∇ヲプ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハコ∠ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ⇒∠よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥トΒ͡エゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ユ⊥わ∇よグｚ ミ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ やヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ や∠ク ゅｚョ∠ぺ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボト ͡ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠

ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ や⇔ゲ͡ダ∇らョ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レム⊥ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ͡ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΙ ∂ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ (83. And (remember) t he Day when We shall gat her out of every nat ion a Fawj of t hose who denied Our Ayat , and t hey shall be driven,) (84. Till, when t hey come, He will say: "Did you deny My Ayat whereas you comprehended t hem not by knowledge, or what was it t hat you used t o do'') (85. And t he Word will be fulfilled against t hem, because t hey have done wrong, and t hey will be unable t o speak.) (86. See t hey not t hat We have made t he night for t hem t o rest t herein, and t he day sight -giving Verily, in t his are Ayat for t he people who believe.)

Gathering the Wrongdoers on the Day of Resurrection Allah t ells us about t he Day of Resurrect ion when t he wrongdoers who disbelieved in t he signs and Messengers of Allah will be gat hered before Allah, so t hat He will ask t hem about what t hey did in t his world, rebuking, scolding and belit t ling t hem.

び⇔ゅィ∇ヲプ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he Day when We shall gat her out of every nat ion, a Fawj ) means, from every people and generat ion a group

びゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゆ ⊥ あグム∠ Α⊥ リｚヨョあ ぴ (of t hose who denied Our Ayat ). This is like t he Ayat :

び∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ⊥ ∇ェやぴ ("Assemble t hose who did wrong, t oget her wit h t heir companions (from t he devils).'') (37:22)

び ∇ろィ ∠ ヱあ コ⊥ サ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘレぁ ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he souls are j oined wit h t heir bodies) (81:7).

び∠ラヲ⊥ハコ∠ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (and t hey shall be driven,) Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "They will be pushed.'' ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said: "They will be driven.''

びやヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ

(Till, when t hey come,) and st and before Allah, may He be glorified and exalt ed, in t he place of reckoning,

∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥トΒ͡エゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ユ⊥わ∇よグｚ ミ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ (He will say: "Did you deny My Ayat whereas you comprehended t hem not by knowledge, or what was it t hat you used t o do'') meaning t hey will be asked about t heir beliefs and t heir deeds. Since t hey are among t he doomed and, as Allah says:

び ヴｚャヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ - ヴｚヤタ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ベ ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (He neit her believed nor performed Salah! But on t he cont rary, he denied and t urned away!) (75:31-32) Then t he proof will be est ablished against t hem and t hey will have no excuse what soever, as Allah says:

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ͡ わ∠ ∇バΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ク∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボト ͡ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ び (That will be a Day when t hey shall not speak. And t hey will not be permit t ed t o put fort h any excuse) (77:35-36). Similarly, Allah says here:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボト ͡ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he Word will be fulfilled against t hem, because t hey have done wrong, and t hey will be unable t o speak.) They will be st unned and speechless, unable t o give any answer. This is because t hey wronged t hemselves in t he world, and now t hey have ret urned t o t he One Who sees t he unseen and t he seen, from Whom not hing can be hidden. Then Allah point s out His complet e power, immense aut horit y and great ness, all dict at ing t hat He is t o be obeyed and t hat His commands must be followed, and t hat t he message of inescapable t rut h brought by His Prophet s must be believed in. Allah says:

び͡ヮΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レム⊥ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ͡ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (See t hey not t hat We have made t he night for t hem t o rest t herein,) Due t o t he darkness of t he night t hey halt t heir act ivit ies and calm t hemselves down, t o recover from t he exhaust ing effort s of t he day.

び⇔やゲ⇒͡ダ∇らョ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ⇒∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱぴ

(and t he day sight -giving) meaning filled wit h light , so t hat t hey can work and earn a living, and t ravel and engage in business, and do ot her t hings t hat t hey need t o do.

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t his are Ayat for t he people who believe.)

れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ネ ∠ ゴ͡ ヘ∠ プ∠ ケ͡ ヲぁダャや ヴ͡プ オ ⊥ ヘ∠ レ⊥Α ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ロ⊥ ∇ヲゎ∠ ぺ∠ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ィ ゅ∠ヰら⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ン∠ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡ キ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ リ ∠ ボ∠ ∇ゎぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ∇レタ ⊥ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠エジ ｚ ャや ゲｚ ョ∠ ぁゲヨ⊥ ゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ る͡ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡ら∠カ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ネ ∃ ゴ∠ プ∠ リあョ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇モワ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇ろらｚ ム⊥ プ∠ る͡ ゃ∠ Βあ ジ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ べ∠ィ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ (87. And (remember) t he Day on which t he Trumpet (Sur) will be blown -- and all who are in t he heavens and all who are on t he eart h, will be t errified except him whom Allah wills. And all shall come t o Him, humbled.) (88. And you will see t he mount ains and t hink t hem solid, but t hey shall pass away as t he passing away of t he clouds. The work of Allah, Who perfect ed all t hings, verily, He is well-acquaint ed wit h what you do.) (89. Whoever brings a good deed, will have bet t er t han it s wort h; and t hey will be safe from t he t error on t hat Day.) (90. And whoever brings an evil deed, t hey will be cast down on t heir faces in t he Fire. (And it will be said t o t hem) "Are you being recompensed anyt hing except what you used t o do'')

The Terrors of the Day of Resurrection, the Rewards for Good Deeds and the Punishments for Evil Deeds Allah t ells us about t he t errors of t he Day when t he Sur will be blown. The Sur, as described in t he Hadit h, is,

«ヮΒ͡プ オ ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ∀ラ∇ゲ∠ホ»

(a horn which is blown int o.) According t o t he Hadit h about t he Sur (Trumpet ), it is (t he angel) Israfil who will blow int o it by t he command of Allah, may He be exalt ed. He will blow int o it for t he first t ime, for a long t ime. This will signal t he end of t he life of t his world, and t he Hour will come upon t he most evil of people ever t o live. Everyone who is in t he heavens and on eart h will be t errified,

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except him whom Allah wills.) t hese are t he mart yrs, for t hey are alive, wit h t heir Lord, and being provided for. Imam Muslim bin Al-Haj j aj recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat a man came t o him and said, "What is t his Hadit h t hat you are narrat ing, t hat t he Hour will come upon such and such people'' He said, "Subhan Allah or ` La Ilaha Illallah (or somet hing similar), I had decided t hat I would not narrat e anyt hing t o anyone now. I had only said t hat aft er a lit t le while, you will see a maj or event which will dest roy t he House ぴt he Ka` bahび, and such and such will happen.'' Then he said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ゅ∠ャ リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ゑ ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヨΒ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ヶ͡プ メ ⊥ ゅｚィギｚ ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ » リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ヰセ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヵ͡ケ∇キぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よ り⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ゲハ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ぶ ⊥ やゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΒ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ハ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゑ ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥ヮム⊥ ヤ͡∇ヰΒ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ヤ⊥∇トΒ∠ プ∠ キ∃ ヲ⊥バ∇ジョ∠ ゅ⇔エΑ͡ケ ぶ ⊥ やモ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩∀りヱ∠ や∠ギハ ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇をや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レシ ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇らΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩͡ュゅｚゼャや モ ͡ ら∠ ホ͡ ∇リョ͡ り⇔ キ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠よ ゅｚャま͡ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヶ͡プ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ モ ∃ ら∠ ィ ∠ ギ͡ ら͡ ミ∠ ヶプ モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∇わツ ∠ ら∠ ホ∠ «ヮ∠ツら͡ ∇ボゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わヤ∠カ ∠ ギ∠ ャ∠ (The Daj j al will emerge in my Ummah, and will remain for fort y -- I do not know whet her he said fort y days, or fort y mont hs, or fort y years -- t hen Allah will send ` Isa son of Maryam, who looks like ` Urwah bin Mas` ud, and he will search for him and dest roy him. Then mankind will remain for seven years during which t here will not be any enmit y bet ween any t wo people. Then Allah will send a cool wind from t he direct ion of Syria, and no one will be left on t he face of t he eart h who has even a speck of goodness or fait h in his heart , but it will t ake him. Even if he ent ered int o t he heart of a mount ain, t he wind would follow him and seize him.)'' He said, "I heard it from t he Messenger of Allah who said:

ュ͡ ゅ∠ヤ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βト ｚ ャや る͡ ヘｚ カ ͡ ヶ͡プ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ケ⊥ や∠ゲセ ͡ ヴ∠ボ∇らΒ∠ プ∠ » ∩や⇔ゲム∠ ∇レョ⊥ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム͡ ∇レΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔プヱ⊥ゲ∇バョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ネ ͡ ゅ∠らジ あ ャや ∨∠ラヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ⊥ んｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ Β∠ プ∠ ∩͡ラゅ∠を∇ヱほ∠∇ャや り͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ∨ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ オ ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇Βハ ∠ リ ∀ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ケｘ や∠キ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ノ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔わΒ͡ャ ヴ∠ピ∇タぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ケ͡ ヲぁダャや ヶ͡プ チ ∠ ∇ヲェ ∠ ヅ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤΑ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ メ ⊥ ヱｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔わΒ͡ャ モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥サゅｚレャや ペ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ダΒ∠ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩͡ヮヤ͡よ͡ ま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ モ ぁト ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ や⇔ゲ∠ト∠ョ ぶ ⊥ や メ ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇レΑ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や キ⊥ ゅ∠ジ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ⊥ ら⊥ ∇レわ∠ プ∠ ポ ぁ ゅｚゼャや ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇バル⊥ モ ぁヌ あ ャや:メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩∠ラヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ∀ュゅ∠Β͡ホ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ オ ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡サゅｚレャや ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘホ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヴャ∠ま͡ やヲぁヨヤ⊥ワ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや ゑ ∠ ∇バよ∠ やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠ラヲ⊥ャヱ⊥ぽ∇ジョ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ る∃ も∠ ゅ͡ヨバ∠ ∇ジゎ͡ ブ ∃ ∇ャぺ∠ あモミ⊥ ∇リョ͡ :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∨∇ユミ∠ ∇リョ͡ :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ラ ⊥ や∠ギ∇ャヲ͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩∠リΒ͡バ∇ジゎ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ バ∠ ∇ジゎ͡ ヱ∠ «ベゅ∠シ ∇リハ ∠ ブ ⊥ ゼ ∠ ∇ムΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔らΒ͡セ (Then t he most evil of people will remain, and t hey will be as nimble as birds and will be more t emperament al t han wild beast s. They will not recognize anyt hing good or denounce anyt hing evil. The Shayt an will appear t o t hem and will say, "Will you do as I t ell you'' They will say, "What do you command us t o do'' He will command t hem t o worship idols but in spit e of t his t heir provision will be plent iful and t hey will lead comfort able lives. Then t he Sur (Trumpet ) will be blown, and no one will hear it but he will t ilt his head t o hear t he sound. The first person t o hear it will be a man who is set t ing up t he t ank for wat ering his camels. He will fall

down, and all t he ot her people will also fall down. Then Allah will send -- or send down -- rain like dew -- or he said, like shade (Nu'man was t he one who was not sure) -- from which will grow t he bodies of t he people. Then t he Trumpet will be blown again, and t hey will get up and look around. Then it will be said: "O mankind! Go t o your Lord!'' And t hey will be st opped, for t hey are t o be quest ioned. Then it will be said: "Bring fort h t he people who are t o be sent t o t he Fire.'' It will be asked: "How many are t hey'' It will be said, "Out of every t housand, nine hundred and ninet y-nine.'' That will be t he Day which will make t he children grey-headed, and t hat will be t he Day when t he Shin shall be uncovered.) His saying;

ヴ∠ピ∇タぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ケ͡ ヲぁダャや ヶ͡プ オ ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ » «ゅ⇔わΒ͡ャ ノ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔わΒ͡ャ (Then t he Sur (Trumpet ) will be blown, and no one will hear it but he will t ilt his head t o hear t he sound.) means t hat t hey will t ilt t heir heads so t hat t hey can bet t er hear t he sound coming from t he heavens. That is t he blast of t he Sur which will t errify everyone, t hen aft er t hat will come t he blast which will cause t hem t o die, t hen t he blast which will resurrect t hem t o meet t he Lord of t he worlds -- t his is when all of t he creat ion will be brought fort h from t heir graves. Allah says:

び∠リΑ͡ゲカ ͡ キ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ヲゎ∠ ぺ∠ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And all shall come t o Him, humbled.) meaning, humbling t hemselves and obeying Him, and no one will go against His command. This is like t he Ayat :

び͡ロギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジわ∠ プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day when He will call you, and you will answer wit h His praise and obedience) (17:52).

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ へ∠クま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや リ ∠ ョあ り⇔ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ハキ∠ や∠クま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ (Then aft erwards when He will call you by a single call, behold, you will come out from t he eart h) (30:25). According t o t he Hadit h about t he Sur, when it is blown for t he t hird t ime, Allah will command t he souls t o be put int o t he hole of t he Sur (Trumpet ), t hen Israfil will blow int o it , aft er t he bodies have grown in t heir graves and rest ing places, and when he blows int o t he Sur (Trumpet ), t he souls will fly, t he believers' souls glowing wit h light , and t he disbelievers' souls looking like darkness. And Allah will say: "By My might and maj est y, every soul will go back t o it s body.'' And t he souls will come back t o t heir bodies and go t hrough t hem like poison going t hrough a person who is bit t en or st ung by a poisonous creat ure. Then t hey will get up, brushing off t he dirt of t heir graves. Allah says:

ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ゅ⇔ハや∠ゲシ ͡ ゐ ͡ や∠ギ∇ィΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツプ͡ ヲ⊥Α ょ ∃ ダ ⊥ ル⊥ (The Day when t hey will come out of t he graves quickly as racing t o a goal.) (70:43)

ゲｚ ョ∠ ぁゲヨ⊥ ゎ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ィ ゅ∠ヰら⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ン∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ び͡ゆゅ∠エジ ｚ ャや (And you will see t he mount ains and t hink t hem solid, but t hey shall pass away as t he passing away of t he clouds.) (27:88) meaning, you will see t hem as if t hey are fixed and as if t hey will remain as t hey are, but t hey will pass away as t he passing away of t he clouds, i.e., t hey will move away from t heir places. This is like t he Ayat :

び や⇔ゲ∇Βシ ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Β͡ジゎ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ケ∇ヲョ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day when t he heaven will shake wit h a dreadful shaking, And t he mount ains will move away wit h a (horrible) movement .) (52:9-10)

- ゅ⇔ヘ∇ジル∠ ヴあよケ∠ ゅ∠ヰヘ⊥ ジ ͡ レ∠Α ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ Ι∠ヱ ゅ⇔ィ∠ヲハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ン∠ゲゎ∠ Ι ｚ - ゅ⇔ヘ∠ダ∇ヘタ ∠ ゅ⇔ハゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ワケ⊥ グ∠ Β∠ プ∠ び ゅ⇔わ∇ョぺ∠ (And t hey ask you concerning t he mount ains: say, "My Lord will blast t hem and scat t er t hem as part icles of dust . Then He shall leave t hem as a level smoot h plain. You will see t herein not hing crooked or curved.'') (20:105-107),

び⇔りコ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠よ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ン∠ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ あΒジ ∠ ル⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ "ぴ (And (remember) t he Day We shall cause t he mount ains t o pass away, and you will see t he eart h as a leveled plain.) (18:47).

び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ リ ∠ ボ∠ ∇ゎぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ∇レタ ⊥ ぴ (The work of Allah, Who perfect ed all t hings,) means, He does t hat by His great power.

び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ リ ∠ ボ∠ ∇ゎぺ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (Who perfect ed all t hings,) means, He has perfect ed all t hat He has creat ed, and has fashioned it according t o His wisdom.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (verily, He is well-acquaint ed wit h what you do) means, He knows all t hat His servant s do, good or evil, and He will reward or punish t hem accordingly. Then Allah describes t he st at e of t he blessed and t he doomed on t hat Day, and says:

びゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ る͡ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ∠ョぴ (Whoever brings a good deed, will have bet t er t han it s wort h.) Qat adah said, "That is sincerely for Allah alone.'' Allah has explained elsewhere in t he Qur'an t hat He will give t en like it .

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ネ ∃ ゴ∠ プ∠ リあョ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey will be safe from t he t error on t hat Day.) This is like t he Ayah,

び⊥ゲら∠ ∇ミｘΙや ネ ⊥ ゴ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ル⊥ ゴ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (The great est t error will not grieve t hem) (21:103) and Allah said:

ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ⇔レ͡ョや∠￢ ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ リｚョ ュ∠ぺ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ケ͡ ゅレｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ヴ∠ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び͡るヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや (Is he who is cast int o t he Fire bet t er or he who comes secure on t he Day of Resurrect ion) (41:40),

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ろ ͡ ⇒∠プゲ⊥ ピ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey will reside in t he high dwellings in peace and securit y) (34:37).

び͡ケゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇ろらｚ ム⊥ プ∠ る͡ ゃ∠ Βあ ジ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever brings an evil deed, t hey will be cast down on t heir faces in t he Fire.) means, whoever comes t o Allah wit h evil deeds, and wit h no good deeds t o his credit , or whose evil deeds out weigh his good deeds. Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ぴ ((And it will be said t o t hem) "Are you being recompensed anyt hing except what you used t o do'')

ン͡グャｚや り͡ ギ∠ ∇ヤら∠ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ￢∃ ヴ∠セ ぁモミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰョ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ン∠ギわ∠ ∇ワや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇ゎぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ン͡ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ゲΒ⊥ シ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ケグ͡ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅｚヨハ ∠ モ ∃ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ピよ͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇バわ∠ プ∠ (91. I have been commanded only t o worship t he Lord of t his cit y, Who has sanct ified it and t o Whom belongs everyt hing. And I am commanded t o be from among t he Muslims.) (92. And t hat I should recit e t he Qur'an, t hen whosoever receives guidance, receives it for t he good of himself; and whosoever goes ast ray, say (t o him): "I am only one of t he warners.'') (93. And say: "All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah. He will show you His Ayat , and you shall recognize t hem. And your Lord is not unaware of what you do.'')

The Command to worship Allah and to call People with the Qur'an Allah commands His Messenger t o say:

ン͡グャｚや り͡ ギ∠ ∇ヤら∠ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ び∃￢ヴ∠セ ぁモミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ョゲｚ ェ ∠ (I have been commanded only t o worship t he Lord of t his cit y, Who has sanct ified it and t o Whom belongs everyt hing.) This is like t he Ayah,

Κ ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡レΑ͡キ リあョ マ ｙセ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇リム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ び∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ン͡グャｚや (Say: "O you mankind! If you are in doubt as t o my religion, t hen (know t hat ) I will never worship t hose whom you worship besides Allah. But I worship Allah Who causes you t o die.) (10:104) The fact t hat t he word "Rabb'' (Lord) is connect ed t o t he word cit y (in t he phrase "t he Lord of t his cit y'') is a sign of honor and divine care for t hat cit y. This is like t he Ayah,

リあョ ユ⊥ヰヨ∠ バ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや - ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゆ ｚ ケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バ∠Β∇ヤ∠プぴ びフ ∃ ∇ヲカ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ネ ∃ ヲ⊥ィ (So let t hem worship t he Lord of t his House (t he Ka` bah), Who has fed t hem against hunger, and has made t hem safe from fear.) (106:3-4)

びゅ∠ヰョ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (Who has sanct ified it ) means, t he One Who made it a sanct uary by His Law and by His decree, making it sanct ified. It was recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "On t he day of t he conquest of Makkah, t he Messenger of Allah said:

れ ͡ や∠ヲヨ∠ ジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ギ∠ ヤ∠ら∠ ∇ャや や∠グワ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ぶ ͡ や る͡ ョ∠ ∇ゲエ ⊥ よ͡ ∀ュや∠ゲ∠ェ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩∠チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇Βタ ∠ ゲ⊥ ｚヘレ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮミ⊥ ∇ヲセ ∠ ギ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや «ゅ∠ワゅ∠ヤカ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠わ∇ガΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰプ∠ ゲｚ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ト ∠ ボ∠ ャ⊥ テ ⊥ ボ͡ わ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ (Verily, t his cit y was made sacred by Allah t he day He creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, so it is sacred by t he sanct it y of Allah unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. It s t horny bushes should not be cut , it s game should not be chased, and it s lost propert y should not be picked up except by one who would announce it publicly and none is allowed t o uproot it s t horny shrubs...)'' This was report ed in Sahih, Hasan, Musnad narrarat ions, t hrough various rout es, by such a large group t hat it is absolut ely unquest ionable, as has been explained in t he appropriat e place in t he book Al-Ahkam, t o Allah is t he praise and t hanks.

び∃￢ヴ∠セ ぁモミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(and t o Whom belongs everyt hing.) This is a st at ement of general applicat ion following a specific st at ement , i.e., He is t he Lord of t his cit y, and t he Lord and Sovereign of all t hings, t here is no god wort hy of worship besides Him.

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (And I am commanded t o be from among t he Muslims. ) means, t hose who believe in Allah alone, who are sincere t owards Him and who obedient ly follow His commands.

び∠ラや∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇ゎぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat I should recit e t he Qur'an,) means, t o people, so as t o convey it t o t hem. This is like t he Ayah,

び ユ͡ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇ミグあ ャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΓや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (This is what We recit e t o you of t he Ayat and t he Wise Reminder.) (3:58)

びあペ∠エ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ み͡ら∠ ルｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇わ∠ルぴ (We recit e t o you some of t he news of Musa and Fir` awn in t rut h.) (28:3) meaning, ` I am a conveyer and a warner.'

∇モボ⊥ プ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ン͡ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ン∠ギわ∠ ∇ワや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∠リΑ͡ケグ͡ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ (t hen whosoever receives guidance, receives it for t he good of himself; and whosoever goes ast ray, say (t o him): "I am only one of t he warners.'') meaning, ` I have an example t o follow in t he Messengers who warned t heir people, and did what t hey had t o do in order t o convey t he Message t o t hem and fulfil t he covenant t hey had made.' Allah will j udge t heir nat ions t o whom t hey were sent , as He says:

びゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (your dut y is only t o convey and on Us is t he reckoning) (13: 40).

び∀モΒ͡ミヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (But you are only a warner. And Allah is a Prot ect or over all t hing) (11:12).

びゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇バわ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ゲΒ⊥ シ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And say: "All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah. He will show you His Ayat (signs), and you shall recognize t hem.) means, praise be t o Allah, Who does not punish anyone except aft er est ablishing plea against him, warning him ぴand leaving him wit h no excuseび. Allah says:

びゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇バわ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ゲΒ⊥ シ ∠ぴ (He will show you His Ayat (signs), and you shall recognize t hem.) This is like t he Ayah,

ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ベ ͡ ゅ∠プΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ゲレ⊥ シ ∠ぴ びぁペエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ わ∠ Α∠ (We will show t hem Our signs in t he universe, and in t hemselves, unt il it becomes manifest t o t hem t hat t his is t he t rut h) (41:53).

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ モ ∃ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ピよ͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And your Lord is not unaware of what you do.) means, on t he cont rary, He wit nesses and sees all t hings. It was recorded t hat Imam Ahmad, may Allah have mercy upon him, used t o recit e t he following t wo lines of verse, whet her t hey were writ t en by him or someone else: "If you are alone one day, do not say, ` I am alone.' Rat her say, ` Someone is wat ching me.' Do not t hink t hat Allah will let His at t ent ion wander for even an inst ant , or t hat anyt hing is hidden from Him.'' This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat An-Naml. All praise and t hanks be t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Qasas (Chapter - 28) Which was revealed in Makkah Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal, may Allah have mercy on him, recorded t hat Ma` diykarib said: "We came t o ` Abdullah and asked him t o recit e t o us:

び ユジデぴ (Ta Sin Mim.) t he t wo hundred. He said, ` I do not know it ; you should go t o someone who learned it from t he Messenger of Allah Khabbab bin Al-Arat t .' So we went t o Khabbab bin AlArat t and he recit ed it t o us, may Allah be pleased wit h him.''

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

∀ノ͡ガ⇒∠よ マ ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ - リ ͡ Β͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ - ユジデぴ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇メゴあ レ∠ ル⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ ルｚ ラ͡ま - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヘルｚ -リ ∠ Β͡バツ ͡ ⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ろヤｚヌ ∠ プ∠ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゐ ∃ ギ∠ ∇エョ⊥ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゲ∃ ∇ミク͡ リあョ ユ͡ヰΒ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ゅョ∠ ヱ∠ や⊥ぽ⇒∠らル∠ぺ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΒ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ - ∠リΒ͡ッ͡ゲ∇バョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ (1. Ta Sin Mim) (2. These are t he Ayat of t he manifest Book.) (3. We recit e t o you some of t he news of Musa and Fir` awn in t rut h, for a people who believe.) (4. Verily, Fir` awn exalt ed himself in t he land and made it s people Shiya` a, weakening a group among t hem: killing t heir sons, and let t ing t heir females live. Verily, he was of t he mischief-makers.) (5. And We wished t o do a favor t o t hose who were weak in t he land, and t o make t hem rulers and t o make t hem t he inherit ors,) (6. And t o est ablish t hem in t he land, and We let Fir` awn and Haman and t heir armies receive from t hem t hat which t hey feared.)

The Story of Musa and Fir` awn, and what Allah intended for Their Peoples We have already discussed t he signif icance of t he separat e let t ers.

び ͡リΒ͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ (These are t he Ayat of t he manifest Book.) means t he Book which is clear and makes plain t he t rue realit y of t hings, and t ells us about what happened and what will happen.

びあペ∠エ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ み͡ら∠ ルｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇わ∠ルぴ (We recit e t o you some of t he news of Musa and Fir` awn in t rut h,) This is like t he Ayah,

び͡ゾダ ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぁゾボ⊥ ル∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ぴ (We relat e unt o you t he best of st ories) (12:3). which means, ` We t ell you about t hings as t hey really were, as if you are t here and are seeing t hem yourself .' Then Allah says:

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ Κ ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Fir` awn exalt ed himself in t he land) means, he was an arrogant oppressor and t yrant .

び⇔ゅバ∠Βセ ͡ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and made it s people Shiya` ) means, he made t hem int o different classes, each of which he used t o do what ever he want ed of t he affairs of his st at e.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ る⇔ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ ブ ⊥ バ͡ ∇ツわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ぴ (weakening a group among t hem. ) This refers t o t he Children of Israel, who at t hat t ime were t he best of people, even t hough t his t yrant king overpowered t hem, using t hem t o do t he most menial work and forcing t hem t o hard labor night and day for him and his people. At t he same t ime, he was killing t heir sons and let t ing t heir daught ers live, t o humiliat e t hem and because he feared t hat t here might appear among t hem t he boy who would be t he cause of his dest ruct ion and t he downfall of his kingdom. So Fir` awn t ook precaut ions against t hat happening, by ordering t hat all boys born t o t he Children of Israel should be killed, but t his precaut ion did not prot ect him against t he divine decree, because when t he t erm of Allah comes, it cannot be delayed, and for each and every mat t er t here is a decree from Allah. Allah says:

ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツわ⊥ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ｚ ヨ⊥ ルｚ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲル⊥ ∠ヱぴ び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘや (And We wished t o do a favor t o t hose who were weak in t he land,) unt il His saying;

び∠ラヱ⊥ケグ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぴ (which t hey feared.) And Allah did indeed do t his t o t hem, as He says:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヘバ∠ ∇ツわ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇をケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And We made t he people who were considered weak) unt il His saying;

び∠ラヲ⊥セゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ぴ (t hey erect ed) (7:137). And Allah said:

びモ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇をケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ

(Thus and We caused t he Children of Israel t o inherit t hem) (26: 59). Fir` awn hoped t hat by his st rengt h and power he would be saved from Musa, but t hat did not help him in t he slight est . Despit e his great power as a king he could not oppose t he decree of Allah, which can never be overcome. On t he cont rary, Allah's ruling was carried out , for it had been writ t en and decreed from past et ernit y t hat Fir` awn would meet his doom at t he hands of Musa.

ろ ͡ ∇ヘカ ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ͡ヮΒ͡バ͡ッ∇ケ∠ぺ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ あュぺ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Β∠ェ∇ヱ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ ゅｚル͡ま ヴ͡ル∠ゴ∇エ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡プゅ∠ガゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ユあ Β∠ ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ Β͡ボ∇ャほ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ト ∠ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ͡ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ マ ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ロ⊥ ヱぁキへ∠ケ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ル∠ゴェ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ヱ∂ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ⊥ や∠￢ ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ∠リΒ͡ゃ͡ト⇒∠カ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ キ∠ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヴあャ リ ∃ ∇Βハ ∠ り⊥ ｚゲホ⊥ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ れ ⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ ロ⊥ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ ル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠レバ∠ ヘ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ び (7. And We inspired t he mot her of Musa: "Suckle him (Musa), but when you fear for him, t hen cast him int o t he river and fear not , nor grieve. Verily, We shall bring him back t o you, and shall make him one of t he Messengers.'') (8. Then t he household of Fir` awn picked him up, t hat he might become for t hem an enemy and a (cause of) grief. Verily, Fir` awn, Haman and t heir armies were sinners.) (9. And t he wife of Fir` awn said: "A comfort of t he eye for me and for you. Kill him not , perhaps he may be of benefit t o us, or we may adopt him as a son.'' And t hey perceived not .)

How Musa's Mother was inspired and shown what to do It was ment ioned t hat when Fir` awn killed so many of t he males of t he Children of Israel, t he Copt s were scared t hat t he Children of Israel would die out , and t hey t hemselves would have t o do t he heavy labor t hat t he Children of Israel used t o do. So t hey said t o Fir` awn, "If t his cont inues, and t heir old men die and t he young men are killed, t heir women will not be able t o do t he work t hat t he men are doing, and we will end up having t o do it .'' So Fir` awn issued orders t hat t he boys should be killed one year, and left alone t he following year. Harun, peace be upon him, was born in a year when t he boys were not killed, and Musa was born in a year when t he boys were being killed. Fir` awn had people who were ent rust ed wit h t his t ask. There were midwives who would go around and check on t he women, and if t hey not iced t hat any woman was pregnant , t hey would writ e her name down. When t he t ime came for her t o give birt h, no one was allowed t o at t end her except for Copt ic women. If t he woman gave birt h t o a girl, t hey would leave her alone and go away, but if she gave birt h t o a boy, t he killers would come in wit h t heir sharp knives and kill t he child, t hen t hey would go away; may Allah curse t hem. When t he mot her of Musa became pregnant wit h him, she did not show any signs of pregnancy as ot her women did, and none of t he midwives not iced. But when she gave birt h t o a

boy, she became very dist ressed and did not know what t o do wit h him. She was ext remely scared for him, because she loved him very much. No one ever saw Musa, peace be upon him, but t hey loved him, and t he blessed ones were t hose who loved him bot h as a nat ural feeling and because he was a Prophet . Allah says:

びヴあレョあ る⇔ らｚエ ∠ ョ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βボ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And I endued you wit h love from Me) (20:39).

Musa, peace be upon him, in the House of Fir` awn When Musa's mot her became so worried and confused, it was inspired int o her heart and mind what she should do, as Allah says:

ろ ͡ ∇ヘカ ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ͡ヮΒ͡バ͡ッ∇ケ∠ぺ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ あュぺ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Β∠ェ∇ヱ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ ゅｚル͡ま ヴ͡ル∠ゴ∇エ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡プゅ∠ガゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ユあ Β∠ ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ Β͡ボ∇ャほ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ͡ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ マ ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ロ⊥ ヱぁキへ∠ケ (And We inspired t he mot her of Musa (t elling): "Suckle him, but when you fear for him, t hen cast him int o t he river and fear not , nor grieve. Verily, We shall bring him back t o you, and shall make him one of (Our) Messengers.'') Her house was on t he banks of t he Nile, so she t ook a box and made it int o a cradle, and st art ed t o nurse her child. When someone came t o her t hat she was afraid of, she would go and put him in t hat box and put it in t he river, and she would t ie it wit h a rope. One day someone t hat she was afraid of came t o t he house, so she went and put t he child in t hat box and put it in t he river, but she forgot t o t ie it . The wat er carried him away, past t he house of Fir` awn, where some servant women picked t he box up and t ook it t o Fir` awn's wife. They did not know what was inside, and t hey were afraid t hat t hey would be in t rouble if t hey opened it wit hout her. When t he box was opened, t hey saw it was a child wit h t he most beaut iful feat ures. Allah filled her heart wit h love for him when she saw him; t his was because she was blessed and because Allah want ed t o honor her and cause her husband's doom. Allah says:

び⇔ゅル∠ゴェ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ヱ∂ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ⊥ や∠￢ ヮ⊥ ト ∠ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プぴ (Then t he household of Fir` awn picked him up, t hat he might become for t hem an enemy and a (cause of) grief.) Allah says:

び∠リΒ͡ゃト ͡ ⇒∠カ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ キ∠ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Fir` awn, Haman and t heir armies were sinners.)

び∠マャ∠ヱ∠ ヴあャ リ ∃ ∇Βハ ∠ り⊥ ｚゲホ⊥ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ れ ⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t he wife of Fir` awn said: "A comfort of t he eye for me and for you...'') means, when Fir` awn saw him, he want ed t o kill him, fearing t hat he was one of t he Children of Israel. But his wife Asiyah bint Muzahim came t o t he child's defence and t ried t o endear him t o Fir` awn, saying,

び∠マャ∠ヱ∠ ヴあャ リ ∃ ∇Βハ ∠ り⊥ ｚゲホ⊥ ぴ (A comfort of t he eye for me and for you.) Fir` awn said: "For you he may be, but not for me. And t his was indeed t he case: Allah guided her because of him, and dest royed him at his hands.

びべ∠レバ∠ ヘ∠ レ∠Α ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ぴ (perhaps he may be of benefit t o us,) This is indeed what happened in her case, for Allah guided her t hrough him and caused her t o dwell in Paradise because of him.

びや⇔ギャ∠ヱ∠ ロ⊥ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ ル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or we may adopt him as a son.) She want ed t o t ake him and adopt him as a son, because she had no children from Fir` awn.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey perceived not .) means, t hey did not know what Allah planned for t hem when t hey picked him up, by His great wisdom and definit ive proof.

ン͡ギ∇らわ⊥ ャ∠ ∇れキ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラま͡ ゅ⇔ビ͡ケゅ∠プ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ あュぺ⊥ キ⊥ や∠ぽプ⊥ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヰら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ト∠よケｚ ラ∠ぺ Ι∇ヲャ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ょ ∃ レ⊥ ィ ⊥ リ∠ハ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇れゲ∠ ダ ⊥ ら∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ Βあダホ⊥ ヮ͡ わ͡ ∇カΕ ⊥ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ リ͡ョ ノ∠ ッ ͡ や∠ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲｚ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ろ ∃ ∇Βよ∠ モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ぁャキ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ボプ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ ゲｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヴミ∠ ヮ͡ ョあ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇キキ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エダ ͡ ⇒∠ル ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠

リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ペ ｘェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰレ⊥ ∇Βハ ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ (10. And t he heart of t he mot her of Musa became empt y. She was very near t o disclose his (case), had We not st rengt hened her heart , so t hat she might remain as one of t he believers.) (11. And she said t o his sist er: "Follow him.'' So she wat ched him from a far place (secret ly), while t hey perceived not .) (12. And We had already forbidden fost er suckling mot hers for him, unt il she said: "Shall I direct you t o a household who will rear him for you, and look aft er him in a good manner'') (13. So We rest ored him t o his mot her, t hat her eye might be comfort ed, and t hat she might not grieve, and t hat she might know t hat t he promise of Allah is t rue. But most of t hem know not .)

The intense Grief of Musa's Mother, and how He was returned to Her Allah t ells us how, when her child was lost in t he river, t he heart of Musa's mot her became empt y, i.e., she could not t hink of any mat t er in t his world except Musa. This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Abu ` Ubaydah, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Qat adah and ot hers.

び͡ヮよ͡ ン͡ギ∇らわ⊥ ャ∠ ∇れキ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まぴ (She was very near t o disclose his (case),) means, because of t he int ensit y of her grief, she almost t old people t hat she had lost a son. She would have disclosed her sit uat ion, if Allah had not given her st rengt h and pat ience. Allah says:

リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヰら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ト∠よケｚ ラぺ∠ Ι∇ヲャ∠ぴ び͡ヮΒあダホ⊥ ヮ͡ わ͡ ∇カΕ ⊥ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホヲ∠ レ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや (had We not st rengt hened her heart , so t hat she might remain as one of t he believers. And she said t o his sist er: "Follow him.'') means, she t old her daught er, who was older and was of an age t o underst and t hings,

び͡ヮΒあダホ⊥ ぴ (Follow him.) means, follow his t races and look for informat ion about him, t ry t o find out about him around t he cit y. So she went out t o do t hat .

び∃ょレ⊥ ィ ⊥ リ∠ハ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇れゲ∠ ダ ⊥ ら∠ プ∠ ぴ (So she wat ched him from a far place (secret ly),) Ibn ` Abbas said, "Off t o t he side.'' Muj ahid said, "It means she looked from afar. Qat adah said: "She st art ed t o look at him as if she was not

really int erest ed.'' When Musa had set t led int o t he house of Fir` awn, aft er t he king's wife had begun t o love him and asked Fir` awn not t o kill him, t hey brought t o him t he wet nurses who were t o be found in t heir household, and he did not accept any of t hem, refusing t o t ake milk from t hem. So t hey t ook him out t o t he market place, hoping t o find a woman who would be suit able t o nurse him. When (his sist er) saw him in t heir arms, she recognized him, but she did not give any indicat ion nor did t hey suspect her. Allah says:

び⊥モ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ノ∠ ッ ͡ や∠ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲｚ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We had already forbidden fost er suckling mot hers for him,) Because of his honored st at us wit h Allah, it was forbidden by divine decree. It was decreed t hat no one should nurse him except his own mot her, and Allah caused t his t o be t he means reunit ing him wit h his mot her so t hat she could nurse him and feel safe aft er having felt such fear. When ぴhis sist erび saw t hat t hey were confused over who should nurse t he child,

∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ろ ∃ ∇Βよ∠ モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ぁャキ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥エダ ͡ ⇒∠ル ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ (she said: "Shall I direct you t o a household who will rear him for you, and look aft er him in a good manner'') Ibn ` Abbas said: When she said t hat , t hey had some doubt s about her, so t hey seized her and asked her, How do you know t hese people will be sincere and will care for him'' She said t o t hem, "They will be sincere and will care for him because t hey want t he king t o be happy and because t hey hope for some reward.'' So t hey let her go. Aft er what she said, being safe from t heir harm, t hey t ook her t o t heir house and brought t he baby t o his mot her. She gave him her breast and he accept ed it , so t hey rej oiced and sent t he glad t idings t o t he wife of Fir` awn. She called for Musa's mot her, t reat ing her kindly and rewarding her generously. She did not realize t hat she was his real mot her, but she saw t hat t he baby accept ed her breast . Then Asiyah asked her t o st ay wit h her and nurse t he baby, but she refused, saying, "I have a husband and children, and I cannot st ay wit h you, but if you would like me t o nurse him in my own home, I will do t hat .'' The wife of Fir` awn agreed t o t hat , and paid her a regular salary and gave her ext ra gift s and clot hing and t reat ed her kindly. The mot her of Musa came back wit h her child, happy t hat aft er a t ime of fear Allah grant ed her securit y, prest ige, and ongoing provision. There was only a short t ime bet ween t he dist ress and t he way out , a day and night , or t hereabout s -- and Allah knows best . Glory be t o t he One in Whose hands are all t hings; what He wills happens and what He does not will does not happen. He is t he One Who grant s t hose who fear Him, a way out from every worry and dist ress, Allah said:

びゅ∠ヰレ⊥ ∇Βハ ∠ ゲｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヴミ∠ ヮ͡ ョあ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇キキ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So We rest ored him t o his mot her, t hat her eye might be comfort ed,) means, by him,

び∇ラゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat she might not grieve, ) means, for him.

びｘペェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat she might know t hat t he promise of Allah is t rue.) meaning, ` We had promised her t o ret urn him t o her and t o make him one of t he Messengers.' When he was ret urned t o her, she realized t hat he was one of t he Messengers, so as she brought him up, she t reat ed him bot h as a child (wit h kindness) and as a Messenger (wit h respect ).

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (But most of t hem know not .) means, t hey do not know t he wisdom of Allah in His act ions and t heir good consequences, for which He is t o be praised in t his world and t he Hereaft er. For a t hing may happen t hat people do not like, but it s consequences are good, as Allah says:

ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ワ∠ゲ∇ム∠ゎ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジ∠ハ∠ヱぴ び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ゲｘ セ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇やヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ (and it may be t hat you dislike a t hing which is good for you and t hat you like a t hing which is bad for you) (2:216).

や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ワゲ∠ ∇ムゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジバ∠ プ∠ ぴ び⇔やゲΒ͡んミ∠ (it may be t hat you dislike a t hing and Allah brings t hrough it a great deal of good) (4:19).

ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ムェ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ ン∠ヲわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ロ⊥ ｚギセ ⊥ ぺ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∠ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ͡Κ ∠ わ͡ わ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ る∃ ヤ∠∇ヘビ ∠ リ ͡ Β͡ェ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ん∠ ⇒∠ピわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ロ͡ ヱあ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ バ∠ Β͡セ リ͡ョ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ロ⊥ ゴ∠ ミ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ロ͡ ヱあ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ン͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ バ∠ Β͡セ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや モ ͡ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ツボ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ヴあルま͡ ゆ∠ケ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ モ ｘツ ͡ ョぁ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ピ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プ や⇔ゲΒ͡ヰニ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇リヤ∠プ∠ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ (14. And when he reached mat urit y, and was complet e, We best owed on him Hukm and knowledge. And t hus do We reward t he doers of good.) k(15. And he ent ered t he cit y when it s people were unaware: and he found t here t wo men fight ing, -- one of his part y, and t he ot her of his foes. The man of his (own) part y asked him for help against his foe, so Musa st ruck him wit h his fist and he died. He said: "This is of Shayt an's doing, verily, he is a plain misleading enemy.'') (16. He said: "My Lord! Verily, I have wronged myself, so forgive me.'' Then He forgave him. Verily, He is t he Oft -Forgiving, t he Most Merciful.) (17. He said: "My Lord! For t hat wit h which You have favored me, I will nevermore be a helper of t he criminals!'')

How Musa killed a Coptic Man Having described Musa's beginnings, Allah t hen t ells us t hat when he reached mat urit y, and was complet e in st at ure, Allah gave him Hukm and religious knowledge. Muj ahid said t hat t his means prophet hood.

び∠リΒ͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hus do We reward t he doers of good.) Then Allah describes how Musa reached t he st at us t hat was decreed for him, t hat of Prophet hood and speaking t o Allah, as a direct consequence of killing t he Copt ic, which was t he reason why he left Egypt and went t o Madyan. Allah says:

びゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ る∃ ヤ∠∇ヘビ ∠ リ ͡ Β͡ェ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∠ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And he ent ered t he cit y when it s people were unaware.) Ibn Jurayj narrat ed from ` At a' AlKhurasani, from Ibn ` Abbas, "That was bet ween Maghrib and ` Isha'.'' Ibn Al-Munkadir narrat ed from ` At a' bin Yasar from Ibn ` Abbas, "That was in t he middle of t he day.'' This was also t he view of Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Ikrimah, As-Suddi and Qat adah.

び͡ラΚ ∠ わ͡ わ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and he found t here t wo men fight ing,) meaning, hit t ing one anot her and st ruggling wit h one anot her.

び͡ヮわ͡ バ∠ Β͡セ リ͡ョ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (one of his part y, ) meaning, an Israelit e,

び͡ロヱあ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ぴ (and t he ot her of his foes.) meaning, a Copt ic. This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, Qat adah, AsSuddi and Muhammad bin Ishaq. The Israelit e man asked Musa, peace be upon him, for help, and Musa t ook advant age of t he fact t hat people were not paying at t ent ion, so he went t o t he Copt ic man and

び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ツボ∠ プ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ロ⊥ ゴ∠ ミ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so Musa st ruck him wit h his fist and he died.) Muj ahid said, "This means he punched him wit h his fist .'' And t hen he died.

び∠メゅ∠ホぴ (He said) refers t o Musa.

ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ る∃ ヤ∠∇ヘビ ∠ リ ͡ Β͡ェ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∠ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇リョ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ バ∠ Β͡セ リ͡ョ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ͡Κ ∠ わ͡ わ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇リョ͡ ン͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ バ∠ Β͡セ リ͡ョ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ん∠ ⇒∠ピわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ロ͡ ヱあ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ツボ∠ プ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ロ⊥ ゴ∠ ミ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ロ͡ ヱあ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ゆ∠ケ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ モ ｘツ ͡ ョぁ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや モ ͡ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ピ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プ ヴ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ヴあルま͡ びｚヴヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ユ⊥ Βェ ͡ ゲｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや ("This is of Shayt an's doing, verily, he is a plain misleading enemy.'' He said: "My Lord! Verily, I have wronged myself, so forgive me.'' Then He forgave him. Verily, He is t he Oft -Forgiving, t he Most Merciful. He said: "My Lord! For t hat wit h which You have favored me,) meaning, ` what You have given me of prest ige, power and blessings -- '

び⇔やゲΒ͡ヰニ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇リヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (I will nevermore be a helper of t he criminals!) ` t hose who disbelieve in You and go against Your commands.'

ン͡グャｚや や∠クみ͡プ∠ ょ ⊥ ホｚ ゲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ⇔ヘ͡もべ∠カ る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ぴ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ カ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ダわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ∇レわ∠ ∇シや び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ン ｘ ヲ͡ ピ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ャｚ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よ ズ ∠ ト ͡ ∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ザ ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ヴ͡レヤ∠わ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Αゲ͡ ゎ⊥ ぺ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ や⇔ケゅｚらィ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲゎ⊥ ラ͡ま びリ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡∇ダヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲゎ⊥ (18. So he became afraid, looking about in t he cit y, when behold, t he man who had sought his help t he day before, called for his help (again). Musa said t o him: "Verily, you are a plain misleader!'') (19. Then when he decided t o seize t he man who was an enemy t o bot h of t hem, t he man said: "O Musa! Is it your int ent ion t o kill me as you killed a man yest erday Your aim is not hing but t o become a t yrant in t he land, and not t o be one of t hose who do right .'')

How the Secret of this Killing became known Allah t ells us t hat when Musa killed t hat Copt ic,

び⇔ゅヘ͡もべ∠カ る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プぴ (he became afraid in t he cit y) meaning, of t he consequences of his act ion,

び⊥ょホｚ ∠ゲ∠わ∠Αぴ (looking about ) means, t urning around and wat ching out , wait ing for t he consequences of his act ion t o befall him. He went out and about , and saw t he man who sought his help t he day before, fight ing wit h anot her Copt ic. When Musa passed by him, he called for his help again, against t his ot her Copt ic. Musa said t o him:

び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ン ｘ ヲ͡ ピ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, you are a plain misleader!) meaning, ` you obviously lead people ast ray and are very evil.' Then Musa int ended t o at t ack t hat Copt ic, but t he Israelit e -- because of his own

cowardice and weakness -- t hought t hat Musa want ed t o hit him because of what he had said, so he said, in self-defence --

ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ヴ͡レヤ∠わ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲゎ⊥ ぺ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑぴ び͡ザ∇ョｘΙゅ͡よ (O Musa! Is it your int ent ion t o kill me as you killed a man yest erday) Nobody except him and Musa, peace be upon him, knew about it , but when t he ot her Copt ic heard t his, he t ook t he news t o Fir` awn's gat e and t old him about it . So Fir` awn came t o know of it , and he became very angry and resolved t o kill Musa, so he sent people aft er him t o bring him t o him.

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヴ∠バ∇ジΑ∠ る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ダ∇ホぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇カゅ∠プ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΒ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヨ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ Κ ∂ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ びリ ∠ Β͡エダ ͡ ⇒ｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ヴあルま͡ (20. And t here came a man running, from t he fart hest end of t he cit y. He said: "O Musa! Verily, t he chiefs are t aking counsel t oget her about you, t o kill you, so escape. Truly, I am one of t he good advisers t o you.'')

び∀モィ ⊥ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ (And t here came a man) He is described as being a man because he had t he courage t o t ake a different rout e, a short er rout e t han t hose who were sent aft er Musa, so he reached Musa first and said t o him: "O Musa,

び∠マよ͡ ラ ∠ ヱゲ⊥ ヨ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ Κ ∂ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he chiefs are t aking counsel t oget her about you.),'' meaning, ` t hey are consult ing wit h one anot her about you.'

び∇ァゲ⊥ ∇カゅ∠プ ∠ポヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボ∠Β͡ャぴ (t o kill you, so escape.) means, from t his land.

び∠リΒ͡エダ ͡ ⇒ｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ (Truly, I am one of t he good advisers t o you.)

リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡レイ あ ル∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ょ ⊥ ホｚ ゲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ⇔ヘ͡もべ∠カ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ガ ∠ プ∠ ぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α∠ ∇ギョ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ボ∇ヤゎ͡ ヮ∠ ィ ｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや キ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ - モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや ￢∠ へ∠ヲシ ∠ ヴ͡レΑ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇ジΑ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α∠ ∇ギョ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ョ ゅ∠ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ラ ͡ や∠キヱ⊥グゎ∠ リ ͡ Β∠ゎぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ハゲあ ャや ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ダΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヴ͡ボ∇ジル∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠わャ∠ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ら⊥ ∇ト∠カ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴｚャヲ∠ ゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∠ャ ヴ∠ボジ ∠ プ∠ - ∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ∀オ∇Β∠セ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡ボ∠プ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ろ ∠ ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨャ͡ ヴルあ ま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ モ あヌ あ ャや び (21. So he escaped from t here, looking about in a st at e of fear. He said: "My Lord! Save me from t he people who are wrongdoers!'') (22. And when he went t owards Madyan, he said: "It may be t hat my Lord guides me t o t he right way.'') (23. And when he arrived at t he wat er of Madyan, he found t here a group of men wat ering, and besides t hem he found t wo women who were keeping back (t heir flocks). He said: "What is t he mat t er wit h you'' They said: "We cannot wat er (our flocks) unt il t he shepherds t ake (t heir flocks). And our fat her is a very old man.'') (24. So he wat ered (t heir flocks) for t hem, t hen he t urned back t o shade, and said: "My Lord! Truly, I am in need of what ever good t hat You best ow on me!'')

Musa, peace be upon him, in Madyan, and how He watered the Flocks of the Two Women When t he man t old Musa about how Fir` awn and his chiefs were conspiring against him, he left Egypt on his own. He was not used t o being alone, because before t hat he had been living a life of luxury and ease, in a posit ion of leadership.

び⊥ょホｚ ゲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ⇔ヘ͡もべ∠カ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ガ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So he escaped from t here, looking about in a st at e of fear.) meaning, t urning around and wat ching.

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡レイ あ ル∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ

(My Lord! Save me from t he people who are wrongdoers!) means, from Fir` awn and his chiefs. It was ment ioned t hat Allah sent t o him an angel riding a horse, who showed him t he way. And Allah knows best .

び∠リΑ∠ ∇ギョ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ボ∇ヤゎ͡ ヮ∠ ィ ｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And when he went t owards (t he land of) Madyan,) means, he t ook a smoot h and easy rout e -and he rej oiced because of t hat .

び͡モΒ͡らジ ｚ ャや ￢∠ へ∠ヲシ ∠ ヴ͡レΑ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (he said: "It may be t hat my Lord guides me t o t he right way.'') meaning, t he most st raight rout e. And Allah did indeed do t hat , for He guided him t o t he st raight pat h in t his world and t he Hereaft er, and caused him t o be guided and t o guide ot hers.

び∠リΑ∠ ∇ギョ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ョ キ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And when he arrived at t he wat er (a well) of Madyan,) means, when he reached Madyan and went t o drink from it s wat er, for it had a well where shepherds used t o wat er t heir flocks,

リ͡ョ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇ジΑ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ラや∠キヱ⊥グゎ∠ リ ͡ Β∠ゎぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ (he found t here a group of men wat ering, and besides t hem he found t wo women who were keeping back.) means, t hey were st opping t heir sheep from drinking wit h t he sheep of t hose shepherds, lest some harm come t o t hem. When Musa, peace be upon him, saw t hem, he felt sorry for t hem and t ook pit y on t hem.

びゅ∠ヨム⊥ ら⊥ ∇トカ ∠ ゅ∠ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "What is t he mat t er wit h you'') meaning, ` why do you not wat er your flocks wit h t hese people'

び⊥￢べ∠ハゲあ ャや ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ダΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヴ͡ボ∇ジル∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠わャ∠ゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "We cannot wat er unt il t he shepherds t ake...'') meaning, ` we cannot wat er our flocks unt il t hey finish.'

び∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ∀オ∇Β∠セ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥よ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (And our fat her is a very old man.) means, ` t his is what has driven us t o what you see.'

びゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ボジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So he wat ered (t heir flocks) for t hem, )

ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ろ ∠ ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨャ͡ ヴあルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ モ あヌ あ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び∀ゲΒ͡ボプ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ (t hen he t urned back t o shade, and said: "My Lord! Truly, I am in need of what ever good t hat You best ow on me!'')

びあモヌ あ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (t o shade,) Ibn ` Abbas, Ibn Mas` ud and As-Suddi said: "He sat beneat h a t ree.'' ` At a' bin As-Sa'ib said: "When Musa said:

び∀ゲΒ͡ボプ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ろ ∠ ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨャ͡ ヴあルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ ("My Lord! Truly, I am in need of what ever good t hat You best ow on me!'') t he women heard him.''

ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ ￢∃ べ∠Β∇エわ͡ ∇シや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ͡ゼ∇ヨゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ や∠ギ∇ェま͡ ヮ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠イプ∠ ぴ ロ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ろ ∠ ∇Βボ∠ シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ マ ∠ Α∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ヴ͡よぺ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ れ ∠ ∇ヲイ ∠ ル∠ ∇ブガ ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゾ ∠ ダ ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゾ ｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ゲイ ͡ ∇⇒わ∠ ∇シや ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Α ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ や∠ギ∇ェま͡ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヴあルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ⊥ Β͡ョΕ ∠やン ぁ ヲ͡ ボ∠ ∇ャや れ ∠ ∇ゲイ ∠ ∇⇒わ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ゅ∠ワ ヴ ｚ わ∠ レ∠ ∇よや ン∠ギ∇ェ͡ま マ ∠エ ∠ ム͡ ル⊥ぺ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ ∇リヨ͡ プ∠ ⇔やゲ∇ゼ∠ハ ろ ∠ ∇ヨヨ∠ ∇ゎぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ア ∃イ ∠ェ ͡ ヴ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ヨを∠ ヴ͡ルゲ∠ ィ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ラ͡ま ヴ͡ルギ⊥ イ ͡ わ∠ シ ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ｚペセ ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ ポ ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ヨΑｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レ∇Βよ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや

ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ や∠ヱ∇ギハ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ィ ∠Ι ｘや び ∀モΒ͡ミヱ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボル∠ (25. Then t here came t o him one of t hem, walking shyly. She said: "Verily, my fat her calls you t hat he may reward you for having wat ered (our flocks) for us.'' So when he came t o him and narrat ed t he st ory, he said: "Fear you not . You have escaped from t he people who are wrongdoers.'') (26. And said one of t hem (t he t wo women): "O my fat her! Hire him! Verily, t he best of men for you t o hire is t he st rong, t he t rust wort hy.'') (27. He said: "I int end t o wed one of t hese t wo daught ers of mine t o you, on condit ion t hat you serve me for eight years; but if you complet e t en years, it will be (a favor) from you. But I int end not t o place you under a difficult y. If Allah wills, you will find me one of t he right eous.'') (28. He (Musa) said: "That (is set t led) bet ween me and you: whichever of t he t wo t erms I fulfill, t here will be no inj ust ice t o me, and Allah is Suret y over what we say.'')

Musa, the Father of the Two Women, and His Marriage to One of Them When t he t wo women came back quickly wit h t he sheep, t heir fat her was surprised t hat t hey ret urned so soon. He asked t hem what had happened, and t hey t old him what Musa, peace be upon him, had done. So he sent one of t hem t o call him t o meet her fat her. Allah says:

び∃￢べ∠Β∇エわ͡ ∇シや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ͡ゼ∇ヨゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ や∠ギ∇ェま͡ ヮ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠イプ∠ ぴ (Then t here came t o him one of t hem, walking shyly.) meaning, she was walking like a free woman, as it was narrat ed from t he Commander of t he fait hful, ` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h him: "She was covering herself from t hem wit h t he folds of her garment .'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Amr bin Maymun said, ` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "She came walking shyly, put t ing her garment over her face. She was not one of t hose audacious women who come and go as t hey please.'' This chain of narrat ors is Sahih.

ろ ∠ ∇Βボ∠ シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ マ ∠ Α∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ヴ͡よぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホぴ びゅ∠レャ∠ (She said: "Verily, my fat her calls you t hat he may reward you for having wat ered (our flocks) for us.'') This is an example of good manners: she did not invit e him direct ly lest he have some suspicious t hought s about her. Rat her she said: "My fat her is invit ing you so t hat he may reward you for wat ering our sheep,'' i.e., give you some payment for t hat .

び∠ゾダ ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゾ ｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (So when he came t o him and narrat ed t he st ory, ) means, he t old him about his st ory and why he had t o leave his count ry.

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ れ ∠ ∇ヲイ ∠ ル∠ ∇ブガ ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (he said: "Fear you not . You have escaped from t he people who are wrongdoers.'') He was saying: ` calm down and relax, for you have left t heir kingdom and t hey have no aut horit y in our land.' So he said:

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ れ ∠ ∇ヲイ ∠ ル∠ ぴ (You have escaped from t he people who are wrongdoers.)

リ ͡ ョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ∇ゲイ ͡ ∇⇒わ∠ ∇シや ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Α ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ や∠ギ∇ェま͡ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホぴ びリ ⊥ Β͡ョΕ ∠ やン ぁ ヲ͡ ボ∠ ∇ャや れ ∠ ∇ゲイ ∠ ∇⇒わ∠ ∇シや (And said one of t hem: "O my fat her! Hire him! Verily, t he best of men for you t o hire is t he st rong, t he t rust wort hy.'') One of t he t wo daught ers of t he man said t his, and it was said t hat she was t he one who had walked behind Musa, peace be upon him. She said t o her fat her:

び⊥ロ∇ゲイ ͡ ∇⇒わ∠ ∇シや ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Αぴ (O my fat her! Hire him!) as a shepherd t o look aft er t he sheep. ` Umar, Ibn ` Abbas, Shurayh AlQadi, Abu Malik, Qat adah, Muhammad bin Ishaq and ot hers said: "When she said:

び⊥リΒ͡ョΕ ∠ やン ぁ ヲ͡ ボ∠ ∇ャや れ ∠ ∇ゲイ ∠ ∇⇒わ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he best of men for you t o hire is t he st rong, t he t rust wort hy.) her fat her said t o her, ` What do you know about t hat ' She said t o him, ` He lift ed a rock which could only be lift ed by t en men, and when I came back wit h him, I walked ahead of him, but he said t o me, walk behind me, and if I get confused about t he rout e, t hrow a pebble so t hat I will know which way t o go.''' ` Abdullah (Ibn Mas` ud) said, "The people who had t he most discernment were t hree: Abu Bakr's int uit ion about ` Umar; t he companion of Yusuf when he said, ` Make his st ay comfort able'; and t he companion of Musa, when she said:

ン ぁ ヲ͡ ボ∠ ∇ャや れ ∠ ∇ゲイ ∠ ∇⇒わ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ∇ゲイ ͡ ∇⇒わ∠ ∇シや ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Αぴ び⊥リΒ͡ョΕ ∠や (O my fat her! Hire him! Verily, t he best of men for you t o hire is t he st rong, t he t rust wort hy.).''

び͡リ∇Βゎ∠ ゅ∠ワ ヴ ｚ わ∠ レ∠ ∇よや ン∠ギ∇ェ͡ま マ ∠エ ∠ ム͡ ル⊥ぺ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ⊥ Αケ͡ ぺ⊥ ヴあル͡まぴ

(I int end t o wed one of t hese t wo daught ers of mine t o you,) means, t his old man asked him t o t ake care of his flocks, t hen he would marry one of his t wo daught ers t o him.

ろ ∠ ∇ヨヨ∠ ∇ゎぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ア ∃イ ∠ェ ͡ ヴ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ヨを∠ ヴ͡ルゲ∠ ィ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ び∠ポギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リヨ͡ プ∠ ⇔やゲ∇ゼ∠ハ (on condit ion t hat you serve me for eight years; but if you complet e t en years, it will be (a favor) from you.) meaning, ` on t he condit ion t hat you t end my flocks for eight years, and if you want t o give me t wo ext ra years, t hat is up t o you, but if you do not want t o, t hen eight years is enough.'

ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ラ͡ま ヴ͡ルギ⊥ イ ͡ わ∠ シ ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ｚペセ ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∠リΒ͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ (But I int end not t o place you under a difficult y. If Allah wills, you will find me one of t he right eous.) means, ` I do not want t o put pressure on you or cause you any inconvenience or argue wit h you.' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Ali bin Rabah Al-Lakhmi said, "I heard ` Ut bah bin An-Nadar As-Sulami, t he Companion of t he Messenger of Allah narrat ing t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ヮ͡ ィ ͡ ∇ゲプ∠ る͡ ヘｚ バ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ゲ∠ ィ ∠ へ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ラ ｚ ま͡» «ヮ͡レ∇トよ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇バデ ⊥ ヱ∠ (Musa, peace be upon him, hired himself out for t he purpose of keeping chast e and t o feed himself.) And Allah t ells us about Musa, peace be upon him:

Κ ∠ プ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ィ ∠Ι ｘ や ゅ∠ヨΑｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レ∇Βよ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び ∀モΒ͡ミヱ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボル∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ や∠ヱ∇ギハ ⊥ (He said: "That (is set t led) bet ween me and you: whichever of t he t wo t erms I fulfill, t here will be no inj ust ice t o me, and Allah is Suret y over what we say.'') Musa said t o his fat her-in-law, "The mat t er is as you say. You have hired me for eight years, and if I complet e t en years, t hat is my choice, but if I do t he lesser amount , I will st ill have fulfilled t he covenant and met t he condit ions.'' So he said:

びｚヴヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ や∠ヱ∇ギハ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ィ ∠Ι ｘ や ゅ∠ヨΑｚ ぺ∠ぴ

(whichever of t he t wo t erms I fulfill, t here will be no inj ust ice t o me,) meaning, ` t here will be no blame on me. The complet e t erm is permissible but it is st ill regarded as somet hing ext ra.' This is like t he Ayah,

ゲ∠ カ ｚ ほ∠ゎ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ∠ ∇をま͡ Κ ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ∠イ ｚ バ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨ∠プぴ び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ∠ ∇をま͡ Κ∠プ (But whosoever hast ens t o leave in t wo days, t here is no sin on him and whosoever st ays on, t here is no sin on him) (2:203). And t he Messenger of Allah said t o Hamzah bin ` Amr Al-Aslami, may Allah be pleased wit h him, who used t o fast a great deal and who asked him about fast ing while t raveling:

«ゲ͡ト∇プほ∠プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩∇ユダ ⊥ プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ラま͡» (If you wish, t hen fast , and if you wish, do not fast .) even t hough it is bet t er t o fast , according t o t he evidence of ot her report s. And t here is evidence which indicat es t hat Musa, peace be upon him, fulfilled t he longer of t he t wo t erms. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr said: "A Jew from t he people of Hirah asked me; ` Which of t he t wo t erms did Musa fulfill' I said, ` I do not know unt il I go t o t he scholar of t he Arabs and ask him.' So I went t o Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, and asked him. He said: ` He fulfilled t he longer and bet t er of t hem, for when a Messenger of Allah said he would do a t hing, he did it .''' This is how it was recorded by Al-Bukhari.

リョ͡ ザ ∠ ル∠ や∠￢ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワほ∠よ͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠シヱ∠ モ ∠ィ ∠Ι ｘ や ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ツホ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ろ ⊥ ∇ジル∠ や∠￢ ヴあルま͡ ∇やヲ⊥んム⊥ ∇ョや ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワΙ ６ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ケ͡ ヲぁトャや ょ ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠ィ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ り∃ ヱ∠ ∇グィ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ら∠ ガ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎや∠￢ ヴあヤ∠バャｚ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ￢͡ ヴ͡デゅ∠セ リ͡ョ ン ∠ キ͡ ヲ⊥ル ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ゎぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤト ∠ ∇ダゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ る͡ ミ∠ ケ∠ ゅら∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや る͡ バ∠ ∇ボら⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ リ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ΑΕ ∠ や ン͡キや∠ヲ∇ャや ペ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ヴあルま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ ラ∠ぺ や⇔ゲ͡よ∇ギョ⊥ ヴｚャヱ∠ ラ ｘ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ゴぁ わ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ゅ∠ワや∠￢ケ∠ ゅｚヨ∠ヤ∠プ ポ ∠ ゅ∠ダハ ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ブガ ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇モら͡ ∇ホぺ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ ∇ょボあ バ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ツ∇Βよ∠ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ マ ∠ ら͡ ∇Βィ ∠ ヴプ͡ ポ ∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ∇マヤ⊥∇シや - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ Ι ｘや

ょ ͡ ∇ワゲｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユヨ⊥ ∇ッや∠ヱ ￢∃ ヲ⊥シ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ゃ͡ ヤ∠ョ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ リ ͡ ⇒∠ルゅ∠ワ∇ゲよ⊥ マ ∠ ル͡ や∠グプ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ボシ ͡ ゅ∠プ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ (29. Then, when Musa had fulfilled t he t erm, and was t raveling wit h his family, he saw a fire in t he direct ion of At -Tur. He said t o his family: "Wait , I have seen a fire; perhaps I may bring t o you from t here some informat ion, or a burning firebrand t hat you may warm yourselves.'') (30. So when he reached it , he was called from t he right side of t he valley, in t he blessed place, from t he t ree: "O Musa! Verily, I am Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s!'') (31. "And t hrow your st ick!'' But when he saw it moving as if it were a snake, he t urned in flight , and looked not back. (It was said:) "O Musa! Draw near, and fear not . Verily, you are of t hose who are secure.'') (32. "Put your hand int o t he opening of your garment , it will come fort h whit e wit hout a disease; and draw your hand close t o your side t o be free from t he fear. These are t wo proofs from your Lord t o Fir` awn and his chiefs. Verily, t hey are t he people who are rebellious.'')

Musa's Return to Egypt and how he was honored with the Mission and Miracles on the Way In t he explanat ion of t he previous Ayah, we have already seen t hat Musa complet ed t he longer and bet t er of t he t wo t erms, which may also be underst ood from t he Ayah where Allah says:

び∠モィ ∠Ι ｘ や ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ツホ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then, when Musa had fulfilled t he t erm,) meaning, t he longer of t he t wo; and Allah knows best .

び͡ヮヤ͡∇ワほ∠よ͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠シヱ∠ ぴ (and was t raveling wit h his family,) They said: "Musa missed his count ry and his relat ives, so he resolved t o visit t hem in secret , wit hout Fir` awn and his people knowing. So he gat hered up his family and t he flocks which his fat her-in-law had given t o him, and set out on a cold, dark, rainy night . They st opped t o camp, and whenever he t ried t o st art a fire, he did not succeed. He was surprised by t his, and while he was in t his st at e,

びや⇔ケゅ∠ル ケ͡ ヲぁトャや ょ ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠ィ リ͡ョ ザ ∠ ル∠ や∠￢ぴ (he saw a fire in t he direct ion of At -Tur) he saw a fire burning from a far.

び⇔やケゅ∠ル ろ ⊥ ∇ジル∠ や∠￢ ヴあルま͡ ∇やヲ⊥んム⊥ ∇ョや ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワΙ ６ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ (He said t o his family: "Wait , I have seen a fire...'') meaning, ` wait while I go t here, '

び∃ゲら∠ ガ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎや∠￢ ヴあヤバ∠ ャｚぴ (perhaps I may bring t o you from t here some informat ion,) This was because t hey lost t heir way.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤト ∠ ∇ダゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ り∃ ヱ∠ ∇グィ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or a burning firebrand t hat you may warm yourselves.) so t hat t hey could get warm and find relief from t he cold.

び͡リヨ∠ ∇ΑΕ ∠ や ン͡キや∠ヲ∇ャや ￢͡ ヴ͡デゅ∠セ リ͡ョ ン ∠ キ͡ ヲ⊥ル ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ゎぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (So when he reached it (t he fire), he was called from t he right side of t he valley,) From t he side of t he valley t hat adj oined t he mount ain on his right , t o t he west . This is like t he Ayah,

ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ ∇クま͡ ヴ あ よ͡ ∇ゲピ∠ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠イよ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∠ゲ∇ョΙ ｘや (And you were not on t he west ern side, when We made clear t o Musa t he commandment ) (20:44). This indicat es t hat when Musa headed for t he fire, he headed in t he direct ion of t he Qiblah wit h t he west ern mount ain on his right . He found t he fire burning in a green bush on t he side of t he mount ain adj oining t he valley, and he st ood t here amazed at what he was seeing. Then his Lord called him:

る͡ ミ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らヨ⊥ ∇ャや る͡ バ∠ ∇ボら⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ リ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ΑΕ ∠ や ン͡キやヲ∠ ∇ャや ￢͡ ヴ͡デゅ∠セ リ͡ョぴ び͡りゲ∠ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ (from t he right side of t he valley, in t he blessed place, from t he t ree.)

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ヴあルま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ ラ∠ぺぴ (O Musa! Verily, I am Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exit s!) meaning, ` t he One Who is addressing you and speaking t o you is t he Lord of all t hat exit s, t he One Who does what He wills, t he One apart from Whom t here is no ot her god or lord, may He be exalt ed and sanct ified, t he One Who by His very nat ure, at t ribut es, words and deeds is far above any resemblance t o His creat ion, may He be glorified.

び∠ポゅ∠ダハ ∠ ペ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(And t hrow your st ick!) ` t he st ick t hat is in your hand' -- as was st at ed in t he Ayah,

ン ∠ ゅ∠ダハ ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ マ ∠ レ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヴ ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ヨレ∠ ビ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ズ ぁ ワ⊥ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や⊥ぽミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ び ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ゆ ⊥ ケ͡ ほ∠ョ∠ ("And what is t hat in your right hand, O Musa'' He said: "This is my st ick, whereon I lean, and wherewit h I beat down branches for my sheep, and wherein I find ot her uses.'') (20:17-18). The meaning is: ` t his st ick, which you know so well;'

ヴ∠バ∇ジゎ∠ ∀るΒｚ ∠ェ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ボ∇ャほ∠プ∠ - ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ ゅ∠ヰ͡ボ∇ャ∠ぺ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び ("Cast it down, O Musa!'' He cast it down, and behold! It was a snake, moving quickly.) (20:1920). Musa knew t hat t he One Who was speaking t o him was t he One Who merely says t o a t hing, "Be!'' and it is, as we have already st at ed in (t he explanat ion of) Surah Ta Ha. And here Allah says:

び⇔やゲ͡よ∇ギョ⊥ ヴｚャヱ∠ ラ ｘ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ∠ほ∠ミ ゴぁ わ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ゅ∠ワや∠￢ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (But when he saw it moving as if it were a snake, he t urned in flight ,) It moved so quickly, even t hough it was so big, and it s mout h was so huge, wit h it s j aws snapping. It swallowed every rock it passed, and every rock t hat fell int o it s mout h fell wit h a sound like a rock falling int o a valley. When he saw t hat :

び∇ょボあ バ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ͡よ∇ギョ⊥ ヴｚャ∠ヱぴ (he t urned in flight , and looked not back.) he did not t urn around, because it is human nat ure t o flee from such a t hing. But when Allah said t o him:

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ Ι ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ブガ ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇モら͡ ∇ホぺ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑぴ (O Musa! Draw near, and fear not . Verily, you are of t hose who are secure.) he came back t o his original posit ion. Then Allah said:

ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ツ∇Βよ∠ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ マ ∠ ら͡ ∇Βィ ∠ ヴ͡プ ポ ∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ∇マヤ⊥∇シやぴ び∃￢ヲ⊥シ

(Put your hand int o t he opening of your garment , it will come fort h whit e wit hout a disease;) meaning, ` when you put your hand in your garment and t hen draw it out , it will be shining whit e as if it were a piece of t he moon or a flash of light ning.' Allah said:

び∃￢ヲ⊥シ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぴ (wit hout a disease) i.e., wit h no t race of leukoderma.

び͡ょ∇ワゲｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユヨ⊥ ∇ッや∠ヱぴ (and draw your hand close t o your side t o be free from t he fear.) Muj ahid said, "To be free from t error.'' Qat adah said, "To be free from fear.'' Musa was commanded, when he felt afraid of anyt hing, t o draw his hand close t o his side t o be free from t he fear. If he did t hat , what ever fear he felt would be gone. Perhaps if a person does t his, following t he example of Musa, and put s his hand over his heart , his fear will disappear or be lessened, if Allah wills; in Allah we place our t rust .

び∠マよあ ケｚ リ͡ョ リ ͡ ⇒∠ルゅ∠ワ∇ゲよ⊥ マ ∠ ル͡ や∠グプ∠ ぴ (These are t wo proofs from your Lord) This refers t o t he t hrowing down of his st ick, whereupon it t urned int o a moving snake, and his put t ing his hand int o his garment and bringing it fort h whit e wit hout a disease. These were t wo clear and definit ive proofs of t he power of t he One Who does as He chooses, and of t he t rut h of t he prophet hood of t he one at whose hands t hese miracles occurred. Allah said:

び͡ヮ∇ΑΘ ͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (t o Fir` awn and his chiefs.) meaning his leaders and prominent followers.

び∠リΒ͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠プ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hey are t he people who are rebellious.) means, who are disobedient t owards Allah and who go against His commands and His religion.

ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ヴあルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ヮ͡ ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ジャ͡ ヴあレョ͡ ウ ⊥ダ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ラ ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡カぺ∠ヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ヴ͡レホ⊥ ギあ ダ ∠ Α⊥ や⇔￢∇キケ͡ ヴ ∠ バ͡ ョ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ∠ャ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ Β͡カほ∠よ͡ ポ ∠ ギ∠ ツ ⊥ ハ ∠ ギぁ ゼ ⊥ レ∠ シ ∠

ゅ∠ヨム⊥ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∇⇒よ͡ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤダ ͡ Α∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡⇒∠ピ∇ャや (33. He said: "My Lord! I have killed a man among t hem, and I fear t hat t hey will kill me.'') (34. "And my brot her Harun -- he is more eloquent in speech t han me, so send him wit h me as a helper t o confirm me. Verily, I fear t hat t hey will deny me.'') (35. Allah said: "We will st rengt hen your arm t hrough your brot her, and give you bot h power, so t hey shall not be able t o harm you, wit h Our Ayat ; you t wo as well as t hose who follow you, will be t he vict ors.'')

How Musa asked for the Support of His Brother and was granted that by Allah When Allah commanded him t o go t o Fir` awn, t he one who he had run away from and whose vengeance he feared,

び⇔ゅジ∇ヘル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ヴあルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ( Musa said: My Lord! I have killed a man among t hem,) meaning, t hat Copt ic,

び͡ラヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カほ∠プ∠ ぴ (and I fear t hat t hey will kill me.) i.e., ` when t hey see me.'

び⇔ゅルゅ∠ジャ͡ ヴあレョ͡ ウ ⊥ダ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ラ ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡カ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (And my brot her Harun -- he is more eloquent in speech t han me,) Musa, peace be upon him, had a speech defect , because when he had been given t he choice bet ween a dat e and a pearl, he mist akenly picked up a coal and placed it on his t ongue, so he found it difficult t o speak clearly. Musa said:

モ∠バ∇ィや∠ヱ - ヶ͡ャ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ - ヴ͡ルゅ∠ジャあ リあョ り⇔ ギ∠ ∇ボハ ⊥ ∇モヤ⊥∇ェや∠ヱぴ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇キギ⊥ ∇セや - ヴ͡カぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ - ヴ͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ や⇔ゲΑ͡コヱ∠ ヴあャ び ン͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ∇ミゲ͡ ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ - ン͡ケ∇コぺ∠ ("And loose t he knot (t he defect ) from my t ongue. That t hey underst and my speech. And appoint for me a helper from my family, Harun, my brot her. Increase my st rengt h wit h him, And let him share my t ask.'') (20:27-32) meaning, ` give me someone t o keep me company in t his immense t ask of prophet hood and conveying t he Message t o t his arrogant , t yrannical and st ubborn king. ' Hence Musa said:

ヮ͡ ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ジャ͡ ヴあレョ͡ ウ ⊥ダ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ラ ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡カ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ び⇔や￢∇キケ͡ ヴ ∠ バ͡ ョ∠ (And my brot her Harun -- he is more eloquent in speech t han me: so send him wit h me as a helper) meaning, as a support t o give st rengt h t o my cause and confirm what I say and convey from Allah, because t he word of t wo carries more weight in people's minds t han t he word of one. So he said:

び͡ラヲ⊥よあグム∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴルあ ま͡ぴ (Verily, I fear t hat t hey will deny me.) Muhammad bin Ishaq said: c

びヴ͡レホ⊥ ギあ ダ ∠ Α⊥ や⇔￢∇キケ͡ ぴ (as a helper t o confirm me.) means, ` t o explain t o t hem what I say, for he can underst and me where t hey may not .' When Musa asked for t his, Allah said t o him:

び∠マΒ͡カほ∠よ͡ ポ ∠ ギ∠ ツ ⊥ ハ ∠ ギぁ ゼ ⊥ レ∠ シ ∠ぴ (We will st rengt hen your arm t hrough your brot her,) meaning, ` We will add st rengt h t o your cause and give you help t hrough your brot her, who you have asked t o be made a Prophet alongside you.' This is like t he Ayat ;

びヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ マ ∠ ャ∠∇ぽシ ⊥ ろ ∠ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (You are grant ed your request , O Musa!) (20:36)

び ゅ⇔Β∂ ら͡ ル∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ ロ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ べ∠レわ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らワ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We grant ed him his brot her Harun, (also) a Prophet , out of Our mercy) (19:53). One of t he Salaf said, "There is no one who has ever done a great er favor t o his brot her t han Musa did for Harun, may peace be upon t hem bot h, for he int erceded for him unt il Allah made him a Prophet and Messenger wit h him t o Fir` awn and his chiefs. Allah said concerning Musa:

び⇔ゅヰΒ͡ィヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (he was honorable before Allah) (33:69).

び⇔ゅレ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ャ∠ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and (We will) give you bot h power) means, overwhelming evidence.

びべ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∇⇒よ͡ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤダ ͡ Α∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so t hey shall not be able t o harm you, wit h Our Ayat ;) means, ` t hey will have no way or means of harming you because you are conveying t he signs of Allah.' This is like t he Ayat :

び∠マよあ ケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョ ∇ヒヤあよ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ (O Messenger! Proclaim (t he Message) which has been sent down t o you from your Lord.) unt il His saying:

び͡サゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ヨ⊥ ダ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (Allah will prot ect you from mankind) (5:67).

び͡ヮヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒ャゅ∠シケ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ピヤあ∠らΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who convey t he Message of Allah) unt il His saying:

び⇔ゅらΒ͡ジェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘ∠ミ∠ヱぴ (And sufficient is Allah as a Reckoner) (33:39). And sufficient is Allah as a Helper and Support er. And Allah t old t hem t he consequences in t his world and t he next , for t hem and for t hose who followed t hem,

び∠ラヲ⊥らヤ͡⇒∠ピ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨム⊥ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨわ⊥ ル∠ぺぴ (you t wo as well as t hose who follow you will be t he vict ors.) This is like t he Ayat :

ン ｘ ヲ͡ ホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ͡ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ リ ｚ ら∠ ヤ͡∇ビΙ ∂ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ぴ び ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ (Allah has decreed: "Verily, it is I and My Messengers who shall be t he vict orious.'' Verily, Allah is All-Powerful, All-Might y.) (58:21)

り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠レャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや

(Verily, We will indeed make vict orious Our Messengers and t hose who believe in t his world's life) (40:51) t o t he end of t he Ayah.

へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ろ ∃ ⇒∠レΒあ よ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ヴ∠シヲぁョ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ゅ∠レも͡ べ∠よや∠￢ ヴ͡プ や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ン⇔ゲわ∠ ∇ヘョぁ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘや ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ケ͡ やｚギャや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ Ι ∠ (36. Then when Musa came t o t hem wit h Our Clear Ayat , t hey said: "This is not hing but invent ed magic. Never did we hear of t his among our fat hers of old.'') (37. Musa said: "My Lord knows best him who came wit h guidance from Him, and whose will be t he happy end in t he Hereaft er. Verily, t he wrongdoers will not be successful.'')

Musa before Fir` awn and His People Allah t ells us how Musa and his brot her Harun came before Fir` awn and his chiefs, and showed t hem t he clear miracles and overwhelming proof t hat Allah had given t hem t o confirm t he t rut h of what t hey were saying about Allah being One and t hat His commandment s were t o be followed. Fir` awn and his chiefs saw t hat wit h t heir own eyes and realized t hat it was cert ainly from Allah, but because of t heir disbelief and sin t hey resort ed t o st ubbornness and false argument s. This was because t hey were t oo evil and arrogant t o follow t he t rut h. They said:

びン⇔ゲわ∠ ∇ヘョぁ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ョぴ (This is not hing but invent ed magic.) meaning, fabricat ed and made up. They want ed t o oppose him by means of t heir own t ricks and t heir posit ion and power, but t his did not work.

びリ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘ や ゅ∠レも͡ べ∠よや∠￢ ヴ͡プ や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (Never did we hear of t his among our fat hers of old.) They were referring worshipping Allah Alone, wit h no part ner or associat e. They said: "We have never seen anyone among our forefat hers following t his religion; we have only ever seen people associat ing ot her gods in worship wit h Allah. Musa said in response t o t hem:

び͡ロギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ぴ (My Lord knows best him who came wit h guidance from Him,) meaning, ` of me and you, and He will decide bet ween me and you.' So he said:

び͡ケやｚギャや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and whose will be t he happy end in t he Hereaft er. ) meaning, who will be support ed and will prevail.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, t he wrongdoers will not be successful.) refers t o t he idolat ors who associat e ot hers in worship wit h Allah.

ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ζヨ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ヴあャ モ∠バ∇ィゅ∠プ リ ͡ Βあトャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ⇒∠ヰΑ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ギホ͡ ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ ン͡ゲ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁレニ ⊥Ε ∠ ヴあル͡ま∠ヱ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヮ͡ ⇒∠ャま͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ノ⊥ ヤ͡デ ｚ ぺ∠ ヴあヤバ∠ ャｚ ゅ⇔ェ∇ゲタ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ - ∠リΒ͡よ͡グ⇒∠ム∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲぁレニ ∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プ ユあ Β∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グら∠ レ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ キ∠ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グカ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ る⇔ ヨｚ も͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇バら∠ ∇ゎぺ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒Β͡ボ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユワ⊥ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ∇バャ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ヴ͡プ びリ ∠ Β͡ェヲ⊥ら∇ボヨ∠ ∇ャや (38. Fir` awn said: "O chiefs! I know not t hat you have a god ot her t han me. So kindle for me (a fire), O Haman, t o bake clay, and set up for me a Sarh in order t hat I may look at t he God of Musa; and verily, I t hink t hat he (Musa) is one of t he liars.'') (39. And he and his armies were arrogant in t he land, wit hout right , and t hey t hought t hat t hey would never ret urn t o Us.) (40. So, We seized him and his armies, and We t hrew t hem all int o t he sea. So, behold what was t he end of t he wrongdoers.) (41. And We made t hem leaders invit ing t o t he Fire: and on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hey will not be helped.) (42. And We made a curse t o follow t hem in t his world, and on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hey will be among disgraced.)

The Arrogance of Fir` awn and His ultimate Destiny Allah t ells us of Fir` awn's disbelief and wrongdoing, and how he falsely claimed divinit y for his evil self, may Allah curse him.

び⊥ロヲ⊥ハゅ∠デほ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ブ ｚ ガ ∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ (Thus he fooled his people, and t hey obeyed him.) ぴ43:54び He called on his people t o recognize his divinit y, and t hey responded, because of t heir weak and foolish minds. So, he said:

びン͡ゲ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ζヨ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O chiefs! I know not t hat you have a god ot her t han me.) Allah t ells us about Fir` awn:

ロ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ - ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ぁよケ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ - ン∠キゅ∠レプ∠ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠エ ∠ プ∠ ぴ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇らバ͡ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ヴ∠ャ∇ヱΙ ｙ や∠ヱ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやメ ∠ ゅ∠ムル∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや び ヴ∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ リ∠ヨャあ (Then he gat hered (his people) and cried aloud, saying: "I am your lord, most high.'' So Allah, seized him wit h punishment for his last and first t ransgression. Verily, in t his is an inst ruct ive admonit ion for whosoever fears Allah.) (79:23-26) meaning: he brought his people t oget her and called t o t hem in a loud voice, shout ing t hat , and t hey responded t o him obedient ly. So Allah t ook revenge on him, and made him a lesson t o ot hers in t his world and t he Hereaft er. He even confront ed Musa wit h t hat , and said:

リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ レｚヤ∠バ∠ ∇ィΕ ∠ ン͡ゲ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ れ ∠ ∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ゃ͡ ャ∠ぴ び∠リΒ͡ルヲ⊥イ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや (If you choose a god ot her t han me, I will cert ainly put you among t he prisoners) (26:29).

ゅ⇔ェ∇ゲタ ∠ ヴあャ モ∠バ∇ィゅ∠プ リ ͡ Βあトャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ⇒∠ヰΑ∠ ヴャ͡ ∇ギホ͡ ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ ぴ びヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヮ͡ ⇒∠ャま͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ノ⊥ ヤ͡デ ｚ ぺ∠ ヴあヤ∠バャｚ (So kindle for me (a fire), O Haman, t o bake (bricks out of) clay, and set up for me a Sarh in order t hat I may look at t he God of Musa;) He commanded his minist er and adviser Haman t o bake bricks for him, i.e., t o make bricks in order t o build a Sarh, a exalt ed t owering palace. This is like t he Ayah,

ヒ⊥ ヤ⊥∇よぺ∠ ヴあヤ⇒∠バャｚ ゅ⇔ェ∇ゲタ ∠ ヴ͡ャ リ ͡ ∇よや リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ⇒∠ヰΑ ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ ⇒∠ャま͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ノ∠ ヤ͡デ ｚ ほ∠プ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠ら∇シぺ∠ - ょ ∠ ⇒∠ら∇シΙ ｘや ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ャ͡ リ ∠ Αあ コ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ⇒∠ミヱ∠ ゅ⇔よ͡グ⇒∠ミ ヮ⊥ ぁレニ ⊥ ∂Ι ヴあル͡ま∠ヱ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ギ⊥ ∇Β⇒∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ｚギタ ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ びゆ ∃ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ (And Fir` awn said: "O Haman! Build me a Sarh t hat I may arrive at t he ways -- t he ways of t he heavens, and I may look upon t he God of Musa, but verily, I t hink him t o be a liar.'' Thus it was made fair seeming, in Fir` awn's eyes, t he evil of his deeds, and he was hindered from t he pat h; and t he plot of Fir` awn led t o not hing but loss and dest ruct ion) (40:36-37). Fir` awn built t his t ower, which was t he highest st ruct ure ever seen on eart h, because he want ed t o show his people t hat Musa was lying when he claimed t hat t here was a God ot her t han Fir` awn. Fir` awn said:

び∠リΒ͡よグ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ぁレニ ⊥Ε ∠ ヴあルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and verily, I t hink t hat he (Musa) is one of t he liars.) meaning, ` when he says t hat t here is a lord ot her t han me.' The issue was not whet her Allah had sent Musa, because he did not acknowledge t he exist ence of t he Creat or in t he first place. On t he cont rary, he said:

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And what is t he Lord of Al-` Alamin) (26:23) and:

リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ レｚヤ∠バ∠ ∇ィΕ ∠ ン͡ゲ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ れ ∠ ∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ゃ͡ ャ∠ぴ び∠リΒ͡ルヲ⊥イ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや (If you choose a god ot her t han me, I will cert ainly put you among t he prisoners.) (26:29) and he said:

びン͡ゲ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ζヨ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O chiefs! I know not t hat you have a god ot her t han me.) This was t he view of Ibn Jarir.

ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲぁレニ ∠ ヱ∠ (And he and his armies were arrogant in t he land, wit hout right , and t hey t hought t hat t hey would never ret urn t o Us.) means, t hey were arrogant oppressors who spread much mischief in t he land, and t hey believed t hat t here would be no Resurrect ion.

マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ヅ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ｚ ダ ∠ プ∠ ぴ び キ͡ ゅ∠タ∇ゲヨ͡ ∇ャゅ͡らャ∠ (So, your Lord poured on t hem different kinds of severe t orment . Verily, your Lord is Ever Wat chful (over t hem).) (89:13-14). Allah says here:

びあユΒ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グら∠ レ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ キ∠ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グカ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So, We seized him and his armies, and We t hrew t hem all int o t he sea.) meaning, ` We drowned t hem in t he sea in a single morning, and not one of t hem was left .'

る⇔ ヨｚ も͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヲ∠ レ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プぴ び͡ケゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ (So, behold what was t he end of t he wrongdoers. And We made t hem leaders invit ing t o t he Fire) for t hose who followed t hem and t ook t he same pat h as t hey did, rej ect ing t he Messengers and denying t he Creat or.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒Β͡ボ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hey will not be helped.) t heir humiliat ion in t his world is combined wit h and connect ed t o t heir humiliat ion in t he Hereaft er, as Allah says:

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ダ ͡ ⇒∠ル Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ぴ (We have dest royed t hem. And t here was none t o help t hem) (47:13).

び⇔るレ∠ ∇バャ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ヴ͡プ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇バら∠ ∇ゎぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(And We made a curse t o follow t hem in t his world,) Allah decreed t hat t hey and t heir king Fir` awn should be cursed by t he believers among His servant s who follow His Messengers, j ust as in t his world t hey were cursed by t he Prophet s and t heir followers.

び∠リΒ͡ェヲ⊥ら∇ボヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユワ⊥ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hey will be among disgraced.) Qat adah said, "This Ayah is like t he Ayah,

ギ⊥ ∇プあゲャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ∇バャ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ∇ゎぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ び キ⊥ ヲ⊥プ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや (They were pursued by a curse in t his (life) and on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Evil indeed is t he gift given.) (11:99).''

ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ べ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ゲ∠ も͡ べ∠ダよ∠ ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚ∠バャｚ (43. And indeed We gave Musa -- aft er We had dest royed t he generat ions of old -- t he Script ure as an enlight enment for mankind, and a guidance and a mercy, t hat t hey might remember.)

The Blessings which Allah bestowed upon Musa Allah t ells us about t he blessings which He gave His servant and Messenger Musa, t he speaker, may t he best of peace and blessings from his Lord be upon him, He revealed t he Tawrah t o him aft er He dest royed Fir` awn and his chiefs.

びヴ∠ャヱｙΙや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ム∠ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ べ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョぴ (aft er We had dest royed t he generat ions of old) Aft er t he revelat ion of t he Tawrah, no nat ion would again be punished wit h an overwhelming calamit y; inst ead t he believers were now commanded t o fight t he enemies of Allah among t he idolat ors, as Allah says:

る͡ ゃ∠ デ ͡ ゅ∠ガ∇ャゅ͡よ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ムヘ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ び る⇔ Β∠ よ͡ やｚケ り⇔ グ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇や∇ヲダ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ -

(And Fir` awn, and t hose before him, and t he cit ies overt hrown commit t ed sin. And t hey disobeyed t heir Lord's Messenger, so He seized t hem wit h a st rong punishment ) (69:9-10).

び⇔るヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ゲ∠ も͡ べ∠ダよ∠ ぴ (as an enlight enment for mankind, and a guidance and a mercy,) guidance from blindness and error. A guidance t o t he t rut h and a mercy means, t o show t he way t owards doing right eous deeds.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (t hat t hey might remember.) means, t hat t he people might be reminded and guided by it .

ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ ∇クま͡ ヴ あ よ͡ ∇ゲピ∠ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠イよ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ル∇ほゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ べｚレム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒ｚゼャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ョΙ ｘや ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔Α͡ヱゅ∠を ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ヨ⊥ バ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠トわ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ルヱ⊥ゲホ⊥ -リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ͡ ∇ゲョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚレム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わゎ∠ リ ∠ Α∠ ∇ギョ∠ モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Α∠キゅ∠ル ∇クま͡ ケ͡ ヲぁトャや ょ ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠イよ͡ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ゲ∃ Α͡グルｚ リあョ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠ゎぺ∠ べｚョ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥わャ͡ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リあョ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀るら∠ Β͡ダョぁ ユ⊥ヰら∠ Β͡ダゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ろ ∠ ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ Ι∇ヲャ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムル∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや￢ ノ∠ ら͡ わあ レ∠ プ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ (44. And you were not on t he west ern side (of t he Mount ), when We made clear t o Musa t he commandment , and you were not among t he wit nesses.) (45. But We creat ed generat ions, and long were t he ages t hat passed over t hem. And you were not a dweller among t he people of Madyan, recit ing Our Ayat t o t hem. But it is We Who kept sending (Messengers).) (46. And you were not at t he side of At -Tur when We called. But (you are sent ) as a mercy from your Lord, t o give warning t o a people t o whom no warner had come before you, in order t hat t hey may remember or receive admonit ion.) (47. And if (We had) not (sent you t o t he people of Makkah) in case a calamit y should seize t hem for what t heir hands have sent fort h, t hey would have said: "Our Lord! Why did You not send us a Messenger We would t hen have followed Your Ayat and would have been among t he believers.'')

Proof of the Prophethood of Muhammad Allah point s out t he proof of t he prophet hood of Muhammad , whereby he t old ot hers about mat t ers of t he past , and spoke about t hem as if he were hearing and seeing t hem for himself. But he was an illit erat e man who could not read books, and he grew up among a people who knew not hing of such t hings. Similarly, Allah t old him about Maryam and her st ory, as Allah said:

モ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Αぁ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ∠ ⇒∠ヤ∇ホぺ∠ ラヲ⊥ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ∇クま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ∇クま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ (You were not wit h t hem, when t hey cast lot s wit h t heir pens as t o which of t hem should be charged wit h t he care of Maryam; nor were you wit h t hem when t hey disput ed) (3:44), meaning, ` you were not present t hen, but Allah has revealed t his t o you.' Similarly, Allah t old him about Nuh and his people, and how He saved Nuh and drowned his people, t hen He said:

ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠ヰΒ͡ェヲ⊥ル ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ￢͡ べ∠ら∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プ や∠グ⇒∠ワ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヰヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ る∠ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや (This is of t he news of t he Unseen which We reveal unt o you ; neit her you nor your people knew it before t his. So, be pat ient . Surely, t he (good) end is for t hose who have Taqwa) (11:49). And at t he end of t he same Surah (Hud) Allah says:

び∠マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁダボ⊥ ル∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ￢͡ べ∠ら∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That is some of t he news of t he t owns which We relat e unt o you) (11: 100). And here, aft er t elling t he st ory of Musa from beginning t o end and how Allah began His revelat ion t o him and spoke wit h him, Allah says:

ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ ∇クま͡ ヴ あ よ͡ ∇ゲピ∠ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠イよ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∠ゲ∇ョΙ ｘや (And you were not on t he west ern side (of t he Mount ), when We made clear t o Musa t he commandment ,) meaning, ` you -- O Muhammad -- were not on t he west ern side of t he mount ain where Allah spoke t o Musa from t he t ree which was t o t he east of it , in t he valley.'

び∠リΑ͡ギヰ͡ ⇒ｚゼャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(and you were not among t he wit nesses.) ` t o t hat event , but Allah has revealed t his t o you,' so t hat it may be evidence and proof of event s which happened cent uries ago, for people have forgot t en t he evidence t hat Allah est ablished against t hem and what was revealed t o t he earlier Prophet s.

∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わゎ∠ リ ∠ Α∠ ∇ギョ∠ モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔Α͡ヱゅ∠を ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ (And you were not a dweller among t he people of Madyan, recit ing Our Ayat t o t hem.) meaning, ` you were not living among t he people of Madyan recit ing Our Ayat t o t hem, when you st art ed t o t ell about Our Prophet Shu` ayb and what he said t o his people and how t hey responded.'

び∠リΒ͡ヤシ ͡ ∇ゲョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚレム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (But it is We Who kept sending. ) means, ` but We revealed t hat t o you and sent you t o mankind as a Messenger.'

びゅ∠レ∇Αキ∠ ゅ∠ル ∇クま͡ ケ͡ ヲぁトャや ょ ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠イよ͡ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And you were not at t he side of At -Tur when We called.) Qat adah said t hat :

びゅ∠レ∇Αキ∠ ゅ∠ル ∇クま͡ ケ͡ ヲぁトャや ょ ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠イよ͡ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And you were not at t he side of At -Tur when We did call.) refers t o Musa, and t his -- and Allah knows best -- is like t he Ayah:

ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ ∇クま͡ ヴ あ よ͡ ∇ゲピ∠ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠イよ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∠ゲ∇ョΙ ｘや (And you were not on t he west ern side (of t he Mount ), when We made clear t o Musa t he commandment ,) Here Allah put s it in a different and more specific way by describing it as a call. This is like t he Ayat :

びヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ンキ∠ ゅ∠ル ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And (remember) when your Lord called Musa) (26:10).

び ン⇔ヲデ ⊥ サ ͡ ギｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや キ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ロ⊥ や∠キゅ∠ル ∇クま͡ぴ

(When his Lord called him in t he sacred valley of Tuwa) (79:16).

ゅ⇔Β∂ イ ͡ ル∠ ロ⊥ ゅレ∠ ∇よゲｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ リ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ΑΙ ｘ や ケ͡ ヲぁトャや ょ ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠ィ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ⇒∠ルヱ∠ ぴ び (And We called him from t he right side of At -Tur, and made him draw near t o Us for a t alk wit h him) (19:52).

び∠マよあ ケｚ リあョ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (But (you are sent ) as a mercy from your Lord,) means, ` you were not a wit ness t o any of t hose t hings, but Allah has revealed t hem t o you and t old you about t hem as a mercy from Him t o you and t o His servant s, by sending you t o t hem,'

∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ゲ∃ Α͡グルｚ リあョ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠ゎぺ∠ べｚョ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥わャ͡ぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ (t o give warning t o a people t o whom no warner had come before you, in order t hat t hey may remember or receive admonit ion.) means, ` so t hat t hey may be guided by t hat which you bring from Allah.'

∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀るら∠ Β͡ダョぁ ユ⊥ヰら∠ Β͡ダゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι∇ヲ∠ャ∠ヱぴ び⇔Ιヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ろ ∠ ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ Ι∇ヲャ∠ ゅレ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ (And if (We had) not (sent you t o t he people of Makkah) -- in case a calamit y should seize t hem for (t he deeds) t hat t heir hands have sent fort h, t hey would have said: "Our Lord! Why did You not send us a Messenger) meaning: ` and We have sent you t o t hem t o est ablish proof against t hem, and t o give t hem no excuse when t he punishment of Allah comes t o t hem because of t heir disbelief, lest t hey offer t he excuse t hat no Messenger or warner came t o t hem.' This is like what Allah says about t he sit uat ion aft er He revealed His blessed Book t he Qur'an:

リ͡ョ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ピャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ シ ∠ や∠ケキ͡ リ∠ハ ゅｚレミ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ∠レヤ͡∇らホ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ン∠ギ∇ワぺ∠ べｚレム⊥ ャ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べｚル∠ぺ び∀るヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ る∀ レ∠ Βあ よ∠

(Lest you should say: "The Book was sent down only t o t wo sect s before us, and for our part , we were in fact unaware of what t hey st udied.'' Or lest you should say: "If only t he Book had been sent down t o us, we would surely have been bet t er guided t han t hey.'' So, now has come unt o you a clear proof from your Lord, and a guidance and a mercy) (6:156-157).

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Κ ｚ ゃ∠ ャ͡ リ ∠ Α͡ケグ͡ レ⊥ョヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲゼ あ ら∠ ョぁ Κ ⇔ シ ⊥ ケぁ ぴ び͡モシ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∀るイ ｚェ ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (Messengers as bearers of good news as well as warning in order t hat mankind should have no plea against Allah aft er t he Messengers) (4:165).

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠レャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠⇒∠Αぴ ゲ∃ Β͡ゼよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや リ ∠ ョｚ り∃ ゲ∠ ∇わプ∠ び∀ゲΑ͡グル∠ ヱ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡ゼ∠よ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ゲ∃ Α͡グル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ (O People of t he Script ure! Now has come t o you Our Messenger making (t hings) clear unt o you, aft er a break in (t he series of) Messengers, lest you say: "There came unt o us no bringer of glad t idings and no warner.'' But now has come unt o you a bringer of glad t idings and a warner) (5:19). And t here are many similar Ayat .

ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ Ι∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ル͡ギレ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ や∠ゲヰ∠ ⇒∠ヌゎ∠ ラ ͡ や∠ゲ∇エシ ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わム͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ｙモム⊥ よ͡ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ヮ⊥ ∇バら͡ ゎｚ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ン∠ギ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇ハゅ∠プ マ ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ロ⊥ や∠ヲワ∠ ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠

メ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤタ ｚ ヱ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ (48. But when t he t rut h has come t o t hem from Us, t hey say: "Why is he not given t he like of what was given t o Musa Did t hey not disbelieve in t hat which was given t o Musa of old'' They say: "Two kinds of magic, each helping t he ot her!'' And t hey say: "Verily, in bot h we are disbelievers.'' (49. Say: "Then bring a Book from Allah, which is a bet t er guide t han t hese t wo, t hat I may follow it , if you are t rut hful.'') (50. But if t hey answer you not , t hen know t hat t hey only follow t heir own lust s. And who is more ast ray t han one who follows his own lust s, wit hout guidance from Allah Verily, Allah guides not t he people who are wrongdoers.) (51. And indeed now We have conveyed t he Word t o t hem, in order t hat t hey may remember.)

The stubborn Response of the Disbelievers Allah t ells us t hat if people were t o be punished before proof was est ablished against t hem, t hey would use t he excuse t hat no Messenger came t o t hem, but when t he t rut h did come t o t hem t hrough Muhammad , in t heir st ubbornness, disbelief, ignorance and misguided t hinking, t hey said:

びヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ Ι∇ヲャ∠ぴ (Why is he not given t he like of what was given t o Musa) Meaning -- and Allah knows best -many signs like t he st aff, t he hand, t he flood, t he locust s, t he lice, t he frogs, t he blood, t he dest ruct ion of crops and fruit s -- which made t hings difficult for t he enemies of Allah -- and t he part ing of t he sea, t he clouds (following t he Children of Israel in t he wilderness and) shading t hem, t he manna and quails, and ot her clear signs and definit ive proof, miracles which Allah wrought at t he hands of Musa as evidence and proof against Fir` awn and his chiefs and t he Children of Israel. But all of t his had no effect on Fir` awn and his chiefs; on t he cont rary, t hey denied Musa and his brot her Harun, as Allah t ells us:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ ゅ∠よや￢ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ゅ∠レわ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ヤわ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レ∠わ∇ゃ͡ィ∠ぺぴ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ￢⊥ べ∠Αゲ͡ ∇らム͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ∠ャ び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ (Have you come t o us t o t urn us away from what we found our fat hers following, and t hat you t wo may have great ness in t he land We are not going t o believe you t wo!) (10:78)

びリ ∠ Β͡ムヤ∠∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムプ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ヲ⊥よグｚ ム∠ プ∠ ぴ (So t hey denied t hem bot h and became of t hose who were dest royed.) (23:48)

The Rebellious do not believe in Miracles Allah says here:

び⊥モ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Did t hey not disbelieve in t hat which was given t o Musa of old) Did not mankind disbelieve in t hose might y signs which were given t o Musa

びや∠ゲヰ∠ ⇒∠ヌゎ∠ ラ ͡ やゲ∠ ∇エシ ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They say: "Two kinds of magic, each helping t he ot her!'') cooperat ing or working one wit h t he ot her.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ｙモム⊥ よ͡ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey say: "Verily, in bot h we are disbelievers.'') meaning, ` we disbelieve in each of t hem.' Because of t he close relat ionship bet ween Musa and Harun, ment ion of one includes t he ot her.

False Accusation that Musa and Harun (peace be upon them both) practiced Magic bin Jabr said, "The Jews t old Quraysh t o say t his t o Muhammad , t hen Allah said: ` Did t hey not disbelieve in t hat which was given t o Musa of old They say: Two kinds of magic, each helping t he ot her!' This refers t o Musa and Harun, may t he peace and blessings of Allah be upon t hem bot h,

びや∠ゲヰ∠ ⇒∠ヌゎ∠ ぴ (each helping t he ot her) i.e., working t oget her and support ing one anot her.'' This was also t he view of Sa` id bin Jubayr and Abu Razin t hat t he phrase "t wo kinds of magic'' referred t o Musa and Harun. This is a good suggest ion. And Allah knows best .

The Response to this False Accusation

びや∠ゲヰ∠ ⇒∠ヌゎ∠ ラ ͡ や∠ゲ∇エシ ͡ぴ (Two kinds of magic, each helping t he ot her!) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah and Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t his refers t o t he Tawrah and t he Qur'an, because Allah says next :

べ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ン∠ギ∇ワぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わム͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び⊥ヮ∇バら͡ ゎｚ ぺ∠ (Say: "Then bring a Book from Allah, which is a bet t er guide t han t hese t wo t hat I may follow it .'') Allah oft en ment ions t he Tawrah and t he Qur'an t oget her, as in t he Ayat :

や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ン͡グャｚや ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇リョ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び͡サゅｚレヤあャ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ (Say: "Who t hen sent down t he Book which Musa brought , a light and a guidance t o mankind...) unt il:

び∀ポケ∠ ゅ∠らョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ぴ (And t his is a blessed Book which We have sent down.'') (6:91-92) And at t he end of t he same Surah, Allah says:

ン͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ヨゎ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや￢ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び∠リジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ (Then, We gave Musa t he Book, t o complet e (Our favor) upon t hose who would do right ) (6: 154).

∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ∀ポ∠ケゅ∠らョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ (And t his is a blessed Book which We have sent down, so follow it and have Taqwa of Allah, t hat you may receive mercy) (6:155). And t he Jinn said:

ゅヨ∠ ャあ ゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ び͡ヮ∇Α∠ギ∠Α リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ (Verily, we have heard a Book sent down aft er Musa, confirming what came before it ) (46:30). Waraqah bin Nawfal said, "This is An-Namus, who came down t o Musa.'' And t hose who are possessed of insight know inst inct ively t hat among t he many Books which He has sent down t o

His Prophet s, t here is no Book more perfect , more eloquent or more noble t han t he Book which He revealed t o Muhammad , which is t he Qur'an. Next t o it in st at us and great ness is t he Book which Allah revealed t o Musa bin ` Imran, which is t he Book concerning which Allah says:

ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ∀ケヲ⊥ルヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ り∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べｚルま͡ぴ ラ ∠ ヲぁΒル͡ ゅｚよゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ヲぁΒら͡ レｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わミ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヌヘ͡ ∇エわ⊥ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇ェΙ ｘ や∠ヱ び∠￢へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (Verily, We did send down t he Tawrah, t herein was guidance and light , by which t he Prophet s, who submit t ed t hemselves t o Allah's will, j udged for t he Jews. And t he rabbis and t he priest s, for t o t hem was ent rust ed t he prot ect ion of Allah's Book, and t hey were wit nesses t heret o) (5:44). The Inj il was revealed as a cont inuat ion and complement of t he Tawrah and t o permit some of t he t hings t hat had been forbidden t o t he Children of Israel. Allah says:

べ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ン∠ギ∇ワぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わム͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ヮ⊥ ∇バら͡ ゎｚ ぺ∠ (Then bring a Book from Allah, which is a bet t er guide t han t hese t wo, t hat I may follow it , if you are t rut hful.) meaning, ` in your effort s t o refut e t he t rut h wit h false argument s.'

び∠マャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (But if t hey answer you not ,) means, ` if t hey do not respond t o what you t ell t hem, and do not follow t he t rut h,'

び∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇ハゅ∠プぴ (t hen know t hat t hey only follow t heir own lust s.) means, wit h no basis or evidence. p

び͡ヮヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ロ⊥ や∠ヲワ∠ ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And who is more ast ray t han one who follows his own lust s, wit hout guidance from Allah) means, wit h no guidance t aken from t he Book of Allah.

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ

(Verily, Allah guides not t he people who are wrongdoers.)

び∠メ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤタ ｚ ヱ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed now We have conveyed t he Word) Muj ahid said: "We have explained t he Word t o t hem.'' As-Suddi said somet hing similar. Qat adah said: "Allah is saying, ` He has t old t hem what He did in t he past and what He will do in t he fut ure.'''

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (in order t hat t hey may remember.) Muj ahid and ot hers said:

び⊥ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤタ ｚ ∠ヱぴ (We have conveyed t he Word) means, t o Quraysh.

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ワ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ べ∠レよあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ユ⊥ワゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲゎ⊥ ∇ぽΑ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚルま る∠ ゃ∠ Βあ ジ ｚ ャや る͡ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ぼ⊥ ケ∠ ∇ギΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚ ョｚ ヲ∠ ∇ピヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ シ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ べ∠レ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヤヰ͡ ⇒イ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡ピわ∠ ∇らル∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ (52. Those t o whom We gave t he Script ure before it , t hey believe in it .) (53. And when it is recit ed t o t hem, t hey say: "We believe in it . Verily, it is t he t rut h from our Lord. Indeed even before it we have been from Muslims.'') (54. These will be given t heir reward t wice over, because t hey are pat ient , and repel evil wit h good, and spend out of what We have provided for t hem.) (55. And when t hey hear evil vain t alk, t hey wit hdraw from it and say: "To us our deeds, and t o you your deeds. Peace be t o you. We seek not (t he way of) t he ignorant .'')

The Believers among the People of the Book Allah t ells us t hat t he pious scholars among t he People of t he Book believe in t he Qur'an, as He says:

マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ヱ∠ Κ ∠ ゎ͡ ペ ｚェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∇わ∠Α ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠ゎへ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ び͡ヮよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ (Those t o whom We gave t he Book recit e it as it should be recit ed, t hey are t he ones who believe t herein) (2:121).

メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ヨャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャ リ ∠ Β͡バゼ ͡ ⇒∠カ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ (And t here are, cert ainly, among t he People of t he Script ure, t hose who believe in Allah and in t hat which has been revealed t o you, and in t hat which has been revealed t o t hem, humbling t hemselves before Allah) (3:199).

ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ - や⇔ギイ ｚシ ⊥ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ホ∇クΚ ｘ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲガ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ や∠クま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥バ∇ヘヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べ∠レよあ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ び (Verily, t hose who were given knowledge before it , when it is recit ed t o t hem, fall down on t heir faces in humble prost rat ion. And t hey say: "Glory be t o our Lord! Truly, t he promise of our Lord must be fulfilled.'') (17:107-108)

∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ り⇔ キｚ ヲ∠ ョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ラ ｚ ギ∠ イ ͡ わ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びン∠ケゅ∠ダル∠ ゅｚル͡ま (And you will find t he nearest in love t o t he believers t hose who say: "We are Christ ians. '') unt il:

び∠リΑ͡ギヰ͡ ⇒ｚゼャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らわ⊥ ∇ミゅ∠プぴ (so writ e us down among t he wit nesses) (5:82-83). Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "This was revealed concerning sevent y priest s who were sent by An-Naj ashi (ruler of Et hiopia). When t hey came t o t he Prophet , he recit ed t o t hem:

び ユ͡ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ - ザΑぴ (Ya Sin. By t he Qur'an, full of wisdom.) (36:1-2) unt il he complet ed t he Surah. They began t o weep, and t hey embraced Islam. These ot her Ayat were revealed concerning t hem:

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ワ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ べ∠レよあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚルま (Those t o whom We gave t he Script ure before it , t hey believe in it . And when it is recit ed t o t hem, t hey say: "We believe in it . Verily, it is t he t rut h from our Lord. Indeed even before it we have been from Muslims.'') meaning, ` even befor e t he Qur'an came we were Muslims, i.e., we believed in One God and were sincerely responding t o Allah's commands.'

び∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚ ョｚ ユ⊥ワゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (These will be given t heir reward t wice over, because t hey are pat ient ,) means, t hose who have t his charact erist ic -- t hat t hey believed in t he first Book and t hen in t he second. Allah says:

び∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ぴ (because t hey are pat ient ,) meaning, in t heir adherence t o t he t rut h, for t aking such t hing upon oneself is not easy for people. It was report ed in t he Sahih from t he Hadit h of ` Amir AshSha` bi from Abu Burdah t hat Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀モィ ⊥ ケ∠ :リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚ ョ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∀る∠をゅ∠ヤ∠を» ンｚキ∠ぺ ∀ポヲ⊥ヤ∇ヨョ∠ ギ∀ ∇らハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡よ リ ∠ ョ∠ へ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ Βあ ら͡ レ∠ よ͡ リ ∠ ョ∠ へ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∩∀るョ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮΒ͡ャや∠ヲョ∠ ペ ｚェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や ペ ｚェ ∠ «ゅ∠ヰィ ∠ ヱｚ ゴ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰボ∠ わ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩ゅ∠ヰら∠ Α͡キ∇ほゎ∠ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ∠ キｚ ほ∠プ∠ (There are t hree who will be given t heir reward t wice: a man among t he People of t he Book who believed in his Prophet t hen believed in me; a slave who fulfills his dut y t owards Allah and t owards his mast er; and a man who has a slave woman and educat es her and t eaches her good manners, t hen he frees her and marries her.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Umamah said:

"On t he day of t he Conquest ぴof Makkahび I was walking alongside t he Messenger of Allah as he was riding, and he said some very beaut iful words, including t he following:

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚ ョ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゅ∠ョ «ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ (Whoever among t he people of t he t wo Books becomes Muslim, he will have his reward t wice, and he has t he same right s and dut ies as we do. Whoever among t he idolat ors becomes Muslim will have one reward, and he has t he same right s and dut ies as we do.)'' Allah's saying:

び∠るゃ∠ Βあ ジ ｚ ャや る͡ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∠ラヱ⊥￢∠ケ∇ギ∠Α∠ヱぴ (and repel evil wit h good,) means, t hey do not respond t o evil in kind, rat her t hey forgive and overlook.

び∠ラヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and spend out of what We have provided for t hem.) meaning, ` from t he lawful provision t hat We have given t hem, t hey spend on t heir families and relat ives as t hey are required t o do, and t hey pay Zakah and give volunt ary charit y.'

び⊥ヮ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ピヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ シ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t hey hear evil vain t alk, t hey wit hdraw from it ) meaning, t hey do not mix wit h t he people who indulge in such t alk, rat her t hey do as Allah says:

び⇔ゅョやゲ͡ミ ∇やヱぁゲョ∠ ヲ͡ ∇ピヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヱぁゲョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and if t hey pass by some evil vain t alk, t hey pass by it wit h dignit y) (25:72).

Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ べ∠レ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び∠リΒ͡ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや ヴ͡ピわ∠ ∇らル∠ (and t hey say: "To us our deeds, and t o you your deeds. Peace be t o you. We seek not (t he way of) t he ignorant .'') means, if some foolish person speaks t o t hem in a foolish manner and says somet hing t o which it does not befit t hem t o respond, t hey t urn away from him and do not respond in kind wit h ugly speech. They never say anyt hing but good words. Allah says of t hem t hat t hey say:

ヴ͡ピわ∠ ∇らル∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤ∠シ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ べ∠レャ∠ぴ び∠リΒ͡ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや (To us our deeds, and t o you your deeds. Peace be t o you. We seek not (t he way of) t he ignorant .) meaning, ` we do not seek t he way of t he ignorant and we do not like it .'

リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇らら∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ン͡ギ∇ヰゎ∠ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ ノ͡ ら͡ わｚ ルｚ ラ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ リあムヨ∠ ル⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠レッ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ブト ｚガ ∠ わ∠ ル⊥ マ ∠ バ∠ ョ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ⇔ホ∇コケあ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ れ ⊥ や∠ゲヨ∠ を∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ら∇イΑ⊥ ゅ⇔レ͡ョや∠￢ ゅ⇔ョ∠ゲェ ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゅｚルギ⊥ ャｚ リあョ (56. Verily, you guide not whom you like, but Allah guides whom He wills. And He knows best t hose who are t he guided.) (57. And t hey say: "If we follow t he guidance wit h you, we would be snat ched away from our land.'' Have We not est ablished for t hem a secure sanct uary, t o which are brought fruit s of all kinds, a provision from Ourselves, but most of t hem know not .)

Allah guides Whom He wills Allah says t o His Messenger : ` O Muhammad:

び∠ろ∇らら∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ン͡ギ∇ヰゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (Verily, you guide not whom you like)' meaning, ` t he mat t er does not rest wit h you; all t hat you have t o do is convey t he Message, and Allah will guide whom He wills, and His is t he ult imat e wisdom,' as He says:

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ギワ⊥ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ (Not upon you is t heir guidance, but Allah guides whom He wills.) (2:272)

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ ろ ∠ ∇タゲ∠ ェ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And most of mankind will not believe even if you desire it eagerly.) (12:103) This Ayah is even more specific t han t he following:

リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇らら∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ン͡ギ∇ヰゎ∠ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ (Verily, you guide not whom you like, but Allah guides whom He wills. And He knows best t hose who are t he guided.) meaning: Allah knows best who deserves t o be guided and who deserves t o be misguided. It was recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat t his Ayah was revealed concerning Abu Talib, t he pat ernal uncle of t he Messenger of Allah . He used t o prot ect t he Prophet , support him and st and by him. He loved t he Prophet dearly, but t his love was a nat ural love, i.e., born of kinship, not a love t hat was born of t he fact t hat he was t he Messenger of Allah . When he was on his deat hbed, t he Messenger of Allah called him t o Fait h and t o ent er Islam, but t he decree overt ook him and he remained a follower of disbelief, and Allah's is t he complet e wisdom. Az-Zuhri said: "Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib narrat ed t o me t hat his fat her, Al-Musayyib bin Hazan Al-Makhzumi, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "When Abu Talib was dying, t he Messenger of Allah came t o him and found Abu Jahl bin Hisham and ` Abdullah bin Abi Umayyah bin Al-Mughirah wit h him. The Messenger of Allah said:

ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ァ ぁ ゅ∠ェぺ⊥ る⇔ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∩⊥ぶや ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ :∇モホ⊥ ユあ ハ ∠ ゅ∠Α» «ぶや (O my uncle, say La ilaha illallah, a word which I may use as evidence in your favor before Allah ぴin t he Hereaft erび.) Abu Jahl bin Hisham and ` Abdullah bin Abi Umayyah said: ` O Abu Talib, will you leave t he religion of ` Abdul-Mut t alib' The Messenger of Allah kept urging him t o say La ilaha illallah, and t hey kept saying, ` Will you leave t he religion of ` Abdul-Mut t alib' -- unt il, at t he very end, he said t hat he was on t he religion of ` Abdul-Mut t alib, and he refused t o say La ilaha illallah. The Messenger of Allah said:

«マ∇レハ ∠ ヮ∠ ∇ルぺ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シほ∠ャ∠ ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ» (By Allah, I shall cert ainly seek forgiveness for you unless I am t old not t o.) Then Allah revealed:

∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヴ あ ら͡ レｚヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ びヴ∠よ∇ゲホ⊥ ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ (It is not (proper) for t he Prophet and t hose who believe t o ask Allah's forgiveness for t he idolat ors, even t hough t hey be of kin) (9:113). And t here was revealed concerning Abu Talib t he Ayah,

リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒ャ∠ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇らら∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ン͡ギ∇ヰゎ∠ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ (Verily, you guide not whom you like, but Allah guides whom He wills.)'' This was recorded (by Al-Bukhari and Muslim) from t he Hadit h of Az-Zuhri.

The Excuses made by the People of Makkah for not believing, and the Refutation of Their Excuses

∇リョ͡ ∇ブト ｚガ ∠ わ∠ ル⊥ マ ∠ バ∠ ョ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ノ͡ ら͡ わｚ ルｚ ラ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びべ∠レッ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ (And t hey say: "If we follow t he guidance wit h you, we would be snat ched away from our land.'') Allah t ells us t hat t his is t he excuse which was given by some of t he disbelievers for not following t rue guidance. They said t o t he Messenger of Allah :

びべ∠レッ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ブト ｚガ ∠ わ∠ ル⊥ マ ∠ バ∠ ョ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ノ͡ ら͡ わｚ ルｚ ラ͡まぴ (If we follow t he guidance wit h you, we would be snat ched away from our land.), meaning, ` we are afraid t hat if we follow t he message of guidance t hat you have brought , and go against t he pagan Arab t ribes around us, t hey will seek t o do us harm and wage war against us, and t hey may snat ch us away from wherever we may be.' Allah said in response t o t hem:

び⇔ゅレ͡ョや∠￢ ゅ⇔ョ∠ゲェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ リあムヨ∠ ル⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Have We not est ablished for t hem a secure sanct uary,) meaning, t he excuse t hey give is a lie and is false, because Allah has put t hem in a secure cit y and a venerat ed sanct uary which has been safe from t he t ime it was built -- how could t his sanct uary be safe for t hem when t hey believed in disbelief and Shirk, and how could it not be safe for t hem when t hey become Muslims and follow t he t rut h

び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ れ ⊥ や∠ゲヨ∠ を∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ら∇イΑ⊥ ぴ (t o which are brought fruit s of all kinds, ) means, all kinds of fruit s from t he surrounding regions, from At -Ta'if and elsewhere. Similarly, t he people of Makkah engaged in t rade and ot her goods also came t o t heir cit y.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゅｚルギ⊥ ャｚ リあョ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケあ ぴ

(a provision from Ourselves, but most of t hem know not .) - t his is why t hey said what t hey said.

マ ∠ ∇ヤわ͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ ゼ ∠ Β͡バョ∠ ∇れゲ∠ ト ͡ よ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ リ∠ム∇ジゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ム͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰョ⊥ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡をケ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅ∠ヰョあ ぺ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡ム͡ヤ∇ヰョ⊥ (58. And how many a t own have We dest royed, which was t hankless for it s means of livelihood! And t hose are t heir dwellings, which have not been inhabit ed aft er t hem except a lit t le. And verily, We have been t he heirs.) (59. And never will your Lord dest roy t he t owns unt il He sends t o t heir mot her t own a Messenger recit ing t o t hem Our Ayat . And never would We dest roy t he t owns unless t he people t hereof are wrongdoers.)

The Destruction of Towns, which are not destroyed until Evidence is established against Them Referring t o t he people of Makkah, Allah says:

びゅ∠ヰわ∠ ゼ ∠ Β͡バョ∠ ∇れゲ∠ ト ͡ よ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ム∠ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And how many a t own have We dest royed, which was t hankless for it s means of livelihood!) They were arrogant t ransgressors who denied Allah's blessing of giving t hem ample provision. This is like t he Ayah, o

る⇔ レｚ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トョぁ る⇔ レ∠ ョ͡ や∠￢ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ る⇔ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∃ラゅ∠ムョ∠ あモミ⊥ リあョ や⇔ギビ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ (And Allah put s forward t he example of a t ownship, t hat dwelt secure and well-cont ent : it s provision coming t o it in abundance from every place) unt il:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グ∠バ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So t he t orment overt ook t hem while t hey were wrongdoers.) (16:112-113) Allah said:

び⇔ΚΒ͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ リ∠ム∇ジゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ム͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ マ ∠ ∇ヤわ͡ プ∠ ぴ

(And t hose are t heir dwellings, which have not been inhabit ed aft er t hem except a lit t le.) Their land became empt y and desolat e, and you can see not hing but t heir dwellings.

び∠リΒ͡をケ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, We have been t he heirs.) Their t owns became ruins, wit h none remaining. Then Allah t ells us of His j ust ice and t hat He does not dest roy anyone unj ust ly; on t he cont rary, He dest roys t hose whom He dest roys aft er est ablishing proof against t hem. So, he says:

ヴ͡プ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰョ⊥ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰョあ ぺ⊥ (And never will your Lord dest roy t he t owns unt il He sends t o t heir mot her t own) i.e., Makkah -

びゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ぴ (a Messenger recit ing t o t hem Our Ayat .) This indicat es t hat t he Unlet t ered Prophet , Muhammad was sent from t he Mot her of Cit ies as a Messenger t o all cit ies and t owns, Arab and non-Arab alike. This is like t he Ayat :

びゅ∠ヰャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ｚュぺ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥わャあぴ (so t hat you may warn t he Mot her of Towns and all t hose around it ) (6:92).

びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴあルま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "O mankind! Verily, I am sent t o you all as t he Messenger of Allah.'') (7:158),

び∠ヒヤ∠よ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ルｘΙぴ (That I may t herewit h warn you and whomsoever it may reach.) (6:19)

び⊥ロギ⊥ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャゅ∠プ ゆ ͡ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (but t hose of t he sect s t hat rej ect it , t he Fire will be t heir promised meet ing place.) (11:17).

る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ムヤ͡∇ヰョ⊥ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ びや⇔ギΑ͡ギ∠セ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥よあグバ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ (And t here is not a t own but We shall dest roy it before t he Day of Resurrect ion, or punish it wit h a severe t orment .) (17:58). Allah t ells us t hat He will dest roy every t own before t he Day of Resurrect ion, as He says:

び⇔Ιヲ⊥シケ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らル∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡よグあ バ∠ ョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We never punish unt il We have sent a Messenger.) (17:15). Allah has sent t he Unlet t ered Prophet t o all t he t owns (all of mankind), because he has been sent t o t he Mot her of Cit ies, t heir source t o which t hey all ret urn. It was recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat t he Prophet said:

«キ∠ヲ∇シほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェほ∠∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ » (I have been sent t o t he red and t he black.) Prophet hood ended wit h him, and t here is no Prophet or Messenger t o come aft er him, but his way will remain as long as night and day remain, unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion.

ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ⇒∠わヨ∠ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ユ⊥わΒ͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ レ∠ Α͡コヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇バわｚ ョｚ リ∠ヨミ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ホΙ ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ジェ ∠ や⇔ギ∇ハヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ∠ヨ∠プ∠ぺ リ ∠ ョ͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ユｚ を⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ⇒∠わョ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲツ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや (60. And what ever you have been given is an enj oyment of t he life of t he world and it s adornment , and t hat which is wit h Allah is bet t er and will remain forever. Have you t hen no sense) (61. Is he whom We have promised an excellent promise -- which he will find t rue -- like him whom We have made t o enj oy t he luxuries of t he life of t he world, t hen on t he Day of Resurrect ion, he will be among t hose brought up)

This World is transient and the One Whose concern is this World is not equal to the One Whose concern is the Hereafter

Allah t ells us about t he insignificance of t his world and it s cont empt ible adornment s which are not hing in comparison t o t he great and last ing delight s which Allah prepared for His right eous servant s in t he Hereaft er. As Allah says:

び∃ベゅ∠よ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ギ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ョぴ (What ever is wit h you, will be exhaust ed, and what ever is wit h Allah will remain) (16:96).

び͡ケや∠ゲ∇よΖ ∠ ャあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat which is wit h Allah is t he best for t he most right eous.) (3:198)

び∀ノ⇒∠わョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (whereas t he life of t his world as compared wit h t he Hereaft er is but a brief passing enj oyment .) (13:26)

ヴ∠ボ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ - ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡を∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ び (Nay, you prefer t he life of t his world. Alt hough t he Hereaft er is bet t er and more last ing.) (87:16-17). The Messenger of Allah said:

ザ ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゅｚャま͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡ べ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ゅ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ» «ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ノ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ や∠クゅ∠ョ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇レΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∩あユΒ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ら∠ ∇タま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ (By Allah, t he life of t his world in comparison t o t he Hereaft er is as if one of you were t o dip his finger in t he sea; let him see what comes back t o him. ) Allah's saying:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Have you t hen no sense) means, do t hose who prefer t his world t o t he Hereaft er have no sense

ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇バわｚ ョｚ リ∠ヨミ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ホΙ ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ジェ ∠ や⇔ギ∇ハヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ⇒∠わョ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲツ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Is he whom We have promised an excellent promise -- which he will find t rue -- like him whom We have made t o enj oy t he luxuries of t he life of t he world, t hen on t he Day of Resurrect ion, he will be among t hose brought up) Is t he one who believes in t he reward which Allah has promised in ret urn for right eous deeds, which he will undoubt edly at t ain, like one who disbelieves in t he meet ing wit h Allah and in His promises and t hreat s He is only enj oying a few days in t his life,

び∠リΑ͡ゲツ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen on t he Day of Resurrect ion, he will be among t hose brought up.) Muj ahid and Qat adah said: "He will be among t hose who are punished.'' It was said t hat t his was revealed concerning t he Messenger of Allah and Abu Jahl, or t hat it was revealed concerning Hamzah and Ali, and Abu Jahl. Bot h views were narrat ed from Muj ahid. The apparent meaning is t hat it is more general t han t hat . This is like t he Ayah where Allah describes a believer in Paradise looking out at his companion who is in Hell, and saying:

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲツ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ムャ∠ ヴあよケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Had it not been for t he grace of my Lord, I would cert ainly have been among t hose brought fort h (t o Hell).) (37:57) And Allah says:

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲツ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ る⊥ ｚレイ ͡ ャや ろ ͡ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (but t he Jinn know well t hat t hey have indeed t o appear (before Him)) (37:158).

∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ ∠ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ⇒∠レΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ｚェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨハ ⊥ ∇ゴゎ∠ べ∠ル∇ぺゲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Αヲ∠ ビ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Α∠ヲ∇ビ∠ぺ べ∠レ∇Αヲ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ルゅｚΑま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ ぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ギ∠ プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥

∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ⇒∠レΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろΒ∠ ヨ͡ バ∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇らィ ∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クゅ∠ョ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ リ∠ョ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジわ∠ Α∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢⊥ べ⇒∠らルｘΙや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジバ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや (62. And (remember) t he Day when He will call t o t hem and say: "Where are My (so-called) part ners whom you used t o assert '') (63. Those about whom t he Word will have been fulfilled will say: "Our Lord! These are t hey whom we led ast ray. We led t hem ast ray, as we were ast ray ourselves. We declare our innocence before You. It was not us t hey worshipped.'') (64. And it will be said: "Call upon your part ners,'' and t hey will call upon t hem, but t hey will give no answer t o t hem, and t hey will see t he t orment . If only t hey had been guided!) (65. And t he Day He will call t o t hem, and say: "What answer gave you t o t he Messengers'') (66. Then t he news of a good answer will be obscured t o t hem on t hat Day, and t hey will not be able t o ask one anot her.) (67. But as for him who repent ed, believed, and did right eous deeds, t hen perhaps he will be among t hose who are successful.)

The Idolators and Their Partners and the Emnity between Them in the Hereafter Allah informs of how He will rebuke t he idolat ors on t he Day of Resurrect ion, when He will call t hem and say:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨハ ⊥ ∇ゴゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ ∠ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ぴ ("Where are My (so-called) part ners whom you used t o assert '') meaning, ` where are t he gods which you used t o worship in t he world, t he idols and rivals Can t hey help you or save you' This is said in t he nat ure of a rebuke and warning, as in t he Ayah,

り∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ン∠キや∠ゲプ⊥ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ン∠ゲル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ￢∠ や∠ケヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャヲｚ カ ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨハ ∠ コ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠バヘ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨハ ⊥ ∇ゴゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ムレ∠ハ モ ｚッ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ノ∠ ト ｚ ボ∠ ゎｚ ギ∠ボャ∠ (And t ruly, you have come unt o Us alone as We creat ed you t he first t ime. You have left behind you all t hat which We had best owed on you. We see not wit h you your int ercessors whom you

claimed t o be part ners wit h Allah. Now all relat ions bet ween you and t hem have been cut off, and all t hat you used t o claim has vanished from you.) (6:94) His saying:

び⊥メ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ｚェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (Those about whom t he Word will have been fulf illed) means t he Shayat in and evil Jinn, and t hose who used t o advocat e disbelief.

ゅ∠レ∇Αヲ∠ ビ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Α∠ヲ∇ビ∠ぺ べ∠レ∇Αヲ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ルゅｚΑま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠ル∇ぺゲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ("Our Lord! These are t hey whom we led ast ray. We led t hem ast ray, as we were ast ray ourselves. We declare our innocence before You. It was not us t hey worshipped.'') They will t est ify against t hem and say t hat t hey led t hem ast ray, t hen t hey will declare t heir innocence of t heir worship. This is like t he Ayat :

び や⇔ゴ∂ ハ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャあ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や￢ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ び や⇔ギ∂ ッ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠らバ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΒ∠ シ ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (And t hey have t aken gods besides Allah, t hat t hey might give t hem honor, power and glory. Nay, but t hey will deny t heir worship of t hem, and become opponent s t o t hem.) (19:81-82)

Ι ｚ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リｚヨョ͡ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ハキ⊥ リ∠ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ⊥ Β͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ギ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ゼ ͡ェ ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ (And who is more ast ray t han one who calls besides Allah, who will not answer him t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion, and who are (even) unaware of t heir calls t o t hem And when mankind are gat hered, t hey will become t heir enemies and will deny t heir worshipping.) (46:5-6). Ibrahim Al-Khalil, peace be upon him, said t o his people:

ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ∇Βよ∠ り∠ キｚ ヲ∠ ョｚ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠を∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ や ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや び⇔ゅツ∇バよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ リ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ヱ∠ (You have t aken idols inst ead of Allah. The love bet ween you is only in t he life of t his world, but on t he Day of Resurrect ion, you shall disown each ot her, and curse each ot her.) (29:25)

∇やヱ⊥ ぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎぁ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ぺ∠ゲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ びゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇シΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ろバ∠ ト ｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや (When t hose who were followed disown t hose who followed, and t hey see t he t orment , t hen all t heir relat ions will be cut off from t hem) unt il:

び͡ケゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ィゲ͡ ⇒∠ガよ͡ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will never get out of t he Fire.) (2:166-167). Allah says:

び∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ ぴ (And it will be said (t o t hem): "Call upon your part ners,'') meaning, ` t o save you from t he predicament you are in, as you hoped t hat t hey would do in t his world.'

び∠ゆや∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ギ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and t hey will call upon t hem, but t hey will give no answer t o t hem, and t hey will see t he t orment .) means, t hey will realize for sure t hat t hey are inevit ably dest ined for t he Fire. His saying:

び∠ラヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ (If only t hey had been guided!) means, when t hey see t he punishment wit h t heir own eyes, t hey will wish t hat t hey had been among t he guided in t his world. This is like t he Ayah,

∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨハ ∠ コ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ ∠ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ル メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ - ゅ⇔ボ͡よ∇ヲョｚ ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ギ∠ プ∠

ゅ∠ワヲ⊥バホ͡ や∠ヲョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲぁレヌ ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ぺケ∠ ヱ∠ び ゅ⇔プゲ͡ ∇ダョ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ (And t he Day He will say: "Call t hose part ners of Mine whom you claimed.'' Then t hey will cry unt o t hem, but t hey will not answer t hem, and We shall put a Mawbiq (a barrier) bet ween t hem. And t he criminals, shall see t he Fire and apprehend t hat t hey have t o fall in it . And t hey will find no way of escape from t here.) (18:52-53) Their at t it ude t owards t he Messengers on t he Day of Resurrect ion

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇らィ ∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クゅ∠ョ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ⇒∠レΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he Day He will call t o t hem, and say: "What answer gave you t o t he Messengers'') The first call will be concerning t he issue of Tawhid, which includes evidences of t he prophet hood -` What was your response t o t he Messengers who were sent t o you How did you deal wit h t hem' This is like t he quest ions which will be asked of a person in his grave: ` who is your Lord who is your Prophet and what is your religion' The believer will t est ify t hat t here is no God except Allah and t hat Muhammad is His servant and Messenger, but t he disbelievers will say, "Oh, oh, I do not know.'' So he will have no answer on t he Day of Resurrect ion except t o remain silent , because whoever is blind in t his world (i.e., does not see Allah's signs and believes not in Him), will be blind in t he Hereaft er, and more ast ray. Allah says:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジわ∠ Α∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢⊥ べ⇒∠らルｘΙや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろΒ∠ ヨ͡ バ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then t he news of a good answer will be obscured t o t hem on t hat Day, and t hey will not be able t o ask one anot her.) Muj ahid said: "The proof will be obscured from t hem,'' so t hey will not be able t o ask one anot her for help by virt ue of t heir blood t ies. Allah's saying:

び⇔ゅエ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ リ∠ョ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ (But as for him who repent ed, believed, and did right eous deeds,) means, in t his world.

び∠リΒ͡エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジバ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t hen perhaps he will be among t hose who are successful.) means, on t he Day of Resurrect ion. And t he word; perhaps (` Asa), when used in reference t o Allah, may He be exalt ed, implies t hat t he t hing described will inevit ably come t o pass, and t his will undoubt edly happen by t he grace and mercy of Allah.

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ケ⊥ ゅ∠わ∇ガΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ⇒∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ り⊥ ゲ∠ Β∠ ガ ͡ ∇ャや

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ヤ∇バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱギ⊥ タ ⊥ ぁリム͡ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや ヴ͡プ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ユ⊥ ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ (68. And your Lord creat es what soever He wills and chooses, no choice have t hey. Glorified is Allah, and exalt ed above all t hat t hey associat e.) (69. And your Lord knows what t heir breast s conceal, and what t hey reveal.) (70. And He is Allah; La ilaha illa Huwa, His is t he praise in t he first and in t he last , and His is t he decision, and t o Him shall you be ret urned.)

Allah Alone is the One Who has the Power of Creation, Knowledge and Choice Allah t ells us t hat He is t he only One Who has t he power t o creat e and make decisions, and t here is no one who can disput e wit h Him in t hat or reverse His j udgement . His saying:

び⊥ケゅ∠わ∇ガΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And your Lord creat es what soever He wills and chooses,) means, what ever He wills, for what He wills, happens; and what He does not will, does not happen. All t hings, good and bad alike, are in His Hands and will ret urn t o Him.

び⊥りゲ∠ Β∠ ガ ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ (no choice have t hey.) is a negat ion, according t o t he correct view. This is like t he Ayah,

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ツホ∠ や∠クま͡ る∃ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∃ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ り⊥ ゲ∠ Β∠ ガ ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ (It is not for a believer, man or woman, when Allah and His Messenger have decreed a mat t er t hat t hey should have any opt ion in t heir decision) (33:36). Then Allah says:

びラ ∠ ヲレ⊥ ヤ͡∇バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ぁリム͡ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And your Lord knows what t heir breast s conceal, and what t hey reveal.) He knows what is hidden in t heir heart s, j ust as He knows what t hey do openly.

∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ゲｚ シ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シぴ び ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャゅ͡よ ∀ゆ͡ケゅ∠シヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よ ブ ∃ ∇ガわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ (It is t he same whet her any of you conceals his speech or declares it openly, whet her he be hid by night or goes fort h freely by day.) (13:10).

び∠ヲワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He is Allah; La ilaha illa Huwa,) meaning, He is unique in His divinit y, for none is t o be worshipped besides Him, and t here is no lord who can creat e what he wills and chooses besides Him.

び͡りゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや ヴ͡プ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (His is t he praise, in t he first and in t he last ,) in all t hat He does, He is t o be praised for His j ust ice and wisdom.

び⊥ユ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (His is t he decision,) t hat none can put back, because of His might , power, wisdom and mercy.

び∠ラヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t o Him shall you be ret urned.) means, all of you on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and everyone will be rewarded or punished according t o his deeds, good and evil alike, and absolut ely none of t heir deeds will be concealed from Him.

ヴ∠ャま͡ や⇔ギ∠ョ∇ゲシ ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ラ͡ま ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∃ べ∠Βツ ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ∇リョ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ラ͡ま ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ∀ ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇リョ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ や⇔ギ∠ョ∇ゲシ ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ぺ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レム⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ モ ∃ ∇Βヤ∠よ͡

リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ら∠わャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レム⊥ ∇ジわ∠ ャ͡ ∠ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ (71. Say: "Tell me! If Allah made t he night cont inuous for you t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion, which god besides Allah could bring you light Will you not t hen hear'') (72. Say: "Tell me! If Allah made t he day cont inuous for you t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion, which god besides Allah could bring you night wherein you rest Will you not t hen see'') (73. It is out of His mercy t hat He has made for you t he night and t he day t hat you may rest t herein and t hat you may seek of His bount y -- and in order t hat you may be grat eful.)

Night and Day are among the Blessings of Allah and are Signs of Tawhid Allah reminds His servant s of His favors t owards t hem by subj ugat ing for t hem t he night and day, wit hout which t hey could not survive. He explains t hat if He made t he night cont inuous, last ing unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hat would be harmful for t hem and would cause boredom and st ress. So He says:

び∃￢べ∠Βツ ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ∇リョ∠ ぴ (which god besides Allah could bring you light ) meaning, ` wit h which you could see t hings and which would bring you relief'

び∠ラヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Will you not t hen hear) Then Allah t ells us t hat if He had made t he day cont inuous, last ing unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hat would also be harmful for t hem and t heir bodies would get t ired from so much movement and act ivit y. Allah says:

び͡ヮΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レム⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ モ ∃ ∇Βヤ∠よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ∇リョ∠ ぴ (which god besides Allah could bring you night wherein you rest ) meaning, ` t o rest from your work and act ivit y.'

び͡ヮわ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ョ∠ヲ∠ルヱ⊥ゲ͡ダ∇らゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ぺぴ (Will you not t hen see It is out of His mercy) t owards you,

び∠ケゅ∠ヰレｚャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ぴ (t hat He has made for you t he night and t he day) He creat ed bot h,

び͡ヮΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レム⊥ ∇ジわ∠ ャ͡ぴ (t hat you may rest t herein) during t he night ,

び͡ヮヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat you may seek of His bount y) during t he day, by t raveling, moving about and working.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and in order t hat you may be grat eful.) So t hat you may give t hanks t o Allah by performing all kinds of act s of worship at night and during t he day. Whoever misses somet hing during t he night can make it up during t he day, and vice versa. This is like t he Ayah,

ラ∠ぺ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャあ る⇔ ヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ムセ ⊥ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∠ ミｚ グｚ Α∠ (And He it is Who has put t he night and t he day in succession, for such who desires t o remember or desires t o show his grat it ude.) (25:62). And t here are many similar Ayat .

∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ ∠ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ⇒∠レΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ワ ゅ∠レ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ハゴ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨハ ⊥ ∇ゴゎ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ͡バ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ワ∇ゲよ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ (74. And t he Day when He will call t o t hem, and will say: "Where are My (so-called) part ners, whom you used t o assert '') (75. And We shall t ake out from every nat ion a wit ness, and We shall say: "Bring your proof.'' Then t hey shall know t hat t he t rut h is wit h Allah, and t he lies which t hey invent ed will disappear from t hem.)

Rebuking the Idolators This is anot her call by way of rebuke for t hose who worshipped ot her gods besides Allah. The Lord, may He be exalt ed, will call t o t hem before all t he wit nesses, and will say:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨハ ⊥ ∇ゴゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ ∠ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ぴ

(Where are My (so-called) part ners, whom you used t o assert ) meaning, in t his world.

び⇔やギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ハゴ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We shall t ake out from every nat ion a wit ness,) Muj ahid said, "This means a Messenger.''

び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ワ∇ゲよ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ワ ゅ∠レ∇ヤボ⊥ ∠プぴ (and We shall say: "Bring your proof.'') meaning, ` of t he t rut h of your claim t hat Allah had any part ners.'

び͡ヮヤｚャ͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ͡バ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then t hey shall know t hat t he t rut h is wit h Allah,) meaning, t hat t here is no god besides Him. Then t hey will not speak and t hey will not be able t o find any answer.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t he lies which t hey invent ed will disappear from t hem.) t hey will vanish and will be of no benefit t o t hem.

∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ピら∠ プ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ホ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ る͡ ら∠ ∇ダバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ぺ⊥ヲ⊥レわ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ エ ∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ヘョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ べ∠ョ ͡コヲ⊥レム⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢∠ヱ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ゥゲ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ り͡ ｚヲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ケ∠ やｚギャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ポ ∠ ゅ∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ヨΒ͡プ ヒ͡ わ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ - リ ∠ Β͡ェゲ͡ ヘ∠ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ べ∠ヨ∠ミ リ͡ジ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ら∠ Β͡ダル∠ ザ ∠ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや ラ ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ キ∠ ゅ∠ジヘ∠ ∇ャや ヒ͡ ∇らゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや (76. Verily, Qarun was of Musa's people, but he behaved arrogant ly t owards t hem. And We gave him of t he t reasures, t hat of which t he keys would have been a burden t o a body of st rong men. Remember when his people said t o him: "Do not exult . Verily, Allah likes not t hose who exult .'') (77. "But seek, wit h t hat which Allah has best owed on you, t he home of t he Hereaft er, and forget not your port ion of lawful enj oyment in t his world; and be generous as Allah has

been generous t o you, and seek not mischief in t he land. Verily, Allah likes not t he mischiefmakers.'')

Qarun and His People's exhortation It was recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said:

びヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ホ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Qarun was of Musa's people,) "He was t he son of his pat ernal uncle.'' This was also t he view of Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, ` Abdullah bin Al-Harit h bin Nawfal, Sammak bin Harb, Qat adah, Malik bin Dinar, Ibn Jurayj and ot hers; t hey all said t hat he was t he cousin of Musa, peace be upon him. Ibn Jurayj said: "He was Qarun bin Yashar bin Qahit h, and Musa was t he son of ` Imran bin Qahit h.

び͡コヲ⊥レム⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢∠ヱぴ (And We gave him of t he t reasures,) meaning, of wealt h;

び͡りヲｚ ボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ る͡ ら∠ ∇ダバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ぺ⊥ヲ⊥レわ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ エ ∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ヘョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ べ∠ョぴ (t hat of which t he keys would have been a burden t o a body of st rong men.) Groups of st rong men would not have been able t o carry t hem because t hey were so many. Al-A` mash narrat ed from Khayt hamah, "The keys of Qarun's t reasure were made of leat her, each key like a finger, and each key was for a separat e st oreroom. When he rode anywhere, t he keys would be carried on sixt y mules wit h whit e blazes on t heir foreheads and whit e feet .'' Ot her views were also given, and Allah knows best .

ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ゥゲ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ び∠リΒ͡ェゲ͡ ヘ∠ ∇ャや (Remember when his people said t o him: "Do not exult . Verily, Allah likes not t hose who exult .'') means, t he right eous ones among his people exhort ed him. By way of sincere advice and guidance, t hey said: "Do not exult in what you have,'' meaning, ` do not be arrogant and proud of your wealt h.'

び∠リΒ͡ェゲ͡ ヘ∠ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah likes not t hose who exult .) Ibn ` Abbas said, "This means, t hose who rej oice and gloat .'' Muj ahid said, "It means t hose who are insolent and reckless, and do not t hank Allah for what He has given t hem.'' His saying:

ザ ∠ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ケ∠ やｚギャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ポ ∠ ゅ∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ヨΒ͡プ ヒ͡ わ∠ ∇よや∠ヱぴ びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ら∠ Β͡ダル∠ (But seek, wit h t hat which Allah has best owed on you, t he home of t he Hereaft er, and forget not your port ion of lawful enj oyment in t his world;) means, ` use t his great wealt h and immense blessing Allah has given you t o worship your Lord and draw closer t o Him by doing a variet y of good deeds which will earn you reward in t his world and t he Hereaft er.'

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ら∠ Β͡ダル∠ ザ ∠ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and forget not your port ion of lawful enj oyment in t his world;) ` That which Allah has permit t ed of food, drink, clot hing, dwelling places and women. Your Lord has right s over you, your self has right s over you, your family has right s over you, and your visit ors have right s over you. So give each of t hem t heir due.'

び∠マ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ べ∠ヨミ∠ リ͡ジ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and be generous as Allah has been generous t o you, ) ` Be generous t o His creat ures, as He has been generous t o you.'

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ キ∠ ゅ∠ジヘ∠ ∇ャや ヒ͡ ∇らゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and seek not mischief in t he land.) meaning: ` do not let your aim be t o spread corrupt ion on eart h and do harm t o Allah's creat ion.'

び∠リΑ͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah likes not t he mischief-makers.)

ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ ン͡ギレ͡ハ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ リ∠ハ メ ⊥ ほ∠∇ジΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バ∇ヨィ ∠ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや (78. He said: "This has been given t o me only because of t he knowledge I possess.'' Did he not know t hat Allah had dest royed before him generat ions, men who were st ronger t han him in

might and great er in t he amount t hey had collect ed But t he criminals will not be quest ioned of t heir sins.)

Allah informs us how Qarun responded to the exhortations of his people when they sought to guide him to what is good.

びン͡ギレ͡ハ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "This has been given t o me only because of t he knowledge I possess.'') meaning, ` I have no need of your advice; Allah has only given me t his wealt h because He knows t hat I deserve it and because He loves me. ' In ot her words: ` He has given it t o me because He knows t hat I am fit for t his.' This is like t he Ayat :

ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャヲｚ カ ∠ や∠クま͡ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠ルゅ∠ハキ∠ ゲｘ ッ ⊥ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ザ ｚ ョ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ び∃ユ∇ヤハ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅｚレョあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ (When harm t ouches man, he calls upon Us; t hen when We have changed it int o a favor from Us, he says: "Only because of knowledge I obt ained it .'') (39:49) An alt ernat ive int erpret at ion of t his Ayah says t hat t he meaning is: "Only because of what Allah knows about me did I obt ain t his favor.'' This is like His saying:

ヮ⊥ ∇わｚジョ∠ ￢∠ へｚゲッ ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅｚレョあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホク∠ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びヴ͡ャ や∠グ⇒∠ワ リ ｚ ャ∠ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ (And t ruly, if We give him a t ast e of mercy from Us, aft er some adversit y has t ouched him, he is sure t o say: "This is from me.'') (41:50) meaning, "I deserved it .'' Imam ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam explained t his Ayah very well. Concerning t he phrase,

びン͡ギレ͡ハ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "This has been given t o me only because of t he knowledge I possess.'') He said: "Were it not for t he fact t hat Allah is pleased wit h me and knows my virt ue, He would not have given me t his wealt h.'' And He said:

ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び⇔ゅバ∇ヨィ ∠ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リョ∠ (Did he not know t hat Allah had dest royed before him generat ions, men who were st ronger t han him in might and great er in t he amount t hey had collect ed) This is what t hose who have

lit t le knowledge say when t hey see a person whom Allah has grant ed a lot of wealt h; t hey say t hat if he did not deserve it , Allah would not have given it t o him.

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ わ͡ レ∠ Α͡コ ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ガ ∠ プ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ラ ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ホ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ろ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠Α ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠∇Αヱ∠ ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ナ ｙェ ∠ ヱ⊥グャ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リヨ∠ ャあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ⊥ や∠ヲを∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ワゅｚボヤ∠Α⊥ (79. So, he went fort h before his people in his finery. Those who were desirous of t he life of t he world, said: "Ah, would t hat we had t he like of what Qarun has been given! Verily, he is t he owner of a great fort une.'') e(80. But t hose who had been given knowledge said: "Woe t o you! The reward of Allah is bet t er for t hose who believe and do right eous deeds, and t his none shall at t ain except t he pat ient .'')

How Qarun went forth in His Finery, and His People's Comments Allah t ells us how Qarun went fort h one day before his people wit h his magnificent regalia; wearing his fine clot hes, accompanied by his fine horses, his servant s and ret inue. When t hose whose desires and inclinat ions were for t he world saw his adornment s and splendor, t hey wished t hat t hey could have t he same as he had been given, and said:

ナ ｙェ ∠ ヱ⊥グャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ラ ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ホ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ろ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠Αぴ び∃ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ (Ah, would t hat we had t he like of what Qarun has been given! Verily, he is t he owner of a great fort une.) meaning, ` he is very lucky and has a great share in t his world.' When t he people of beneficial knowledge heard t his, t hey said t o t hem:

モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リヨ∠ ャあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ⊥ や∠ヲを∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠∇Αヱ∠ ぴ び⇔ゅエ͡ヤ⇒∠タ (Woe t o you! The reward of Allah is bet t er for t hose who believe and do right eous deeds,) ` Allah's reward t o His believing, right eous servant s in t he Hereaft er is bet t er t han what you see,' as is report ed in t he aut hent ic Hadit h:

ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ Β͡エャ͡ゅｚダャや ヵ͡キゅ∠らバ͡ ャ͡ れ ⊥ ∇キギ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » ょ ͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ∠ ト ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∇ろバ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ∀ラク⊥ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∇れぺ∠ケ∠ ∀リ∇Β∠ハ ゅ∠ャ :∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ラま͡ やヱ⊥￢ゲ∠ ∇ホや∠ヱ ゲ∃ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ リ ∃ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ り͡ ゲｚ ホ⊥ リあョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ヴ ∠ ヘ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ べｚョ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ (Allah has prepared for His right eous servant s what no eye has seen, no ear has heard, and t he heart of a human cannot comprehend. Recit e, if you wish: (No person knows what is kept hidden for t hem of j oy as a reward for what t hey used t o do.)) (32:17).

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ワゅｚボヤ∠Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t his none shall at t ain except t he pat ient .) As-Suddi said: "None shall reach Paradise except for t he pat ient '' -- as if t his were t he complet ion of t he st at ement made by t he people of knowledge. Ibn Jarir said, "This applies only t o t hose who pat ient ly forsake t he love of t his world, seeking t he Hereaft er. It is as if t his is part of what t he people of knowledge said, but it is made part of t he Words of Allah, st at ing t his fact .''

る∃ ゃ∠ プ͡ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ロ͡ ケ͡ や∠ギよ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヘジ ∠ガ ∠ プ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Α͡ゲダ ͡ わ∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Α ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ ∇や∇ヲレｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ベ ∠ ∇コゲあ ャや テ ⊥ジ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ほ∠ム∠ ∇Αヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ム∠ ∇Αヱ∠ ゅ∠レ͡よ ブ ∠ ジ ∠ガ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ｚ ョｚ ラ∠ぺ Ι∇ヲャ∠ ケ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ Ι ∠ (81. So, We caused t he eart h t o swallow him and his dwelling place. Then he had no group t o help him against Allah, nor was he one of t hose who could save t hemselves.) (82. And t hose who desired his posit ion t he day before, began t o say: "Know you not t hat it is Allah Who expands t he provision or rest rict s it t o whomsoever He pleases of His servant s. Had it not been t hat Allah was Gracious t o us, He could have caused t he eart h t o swallow us up! Know you not t hat t he disbelievers will never be successful.'')

How Qarun and His Dwelling Place were swallowed up by the Earth Aft er t elling us about Qarun's conceit and pride in his adornment s, and how he was arrogant t owards his people and t ransgressed against t hem, Allah t hen t ells us how he and his dwelling place were swallowed up by t he eart h. This was also report ed in t he Sahih by Al-Bukhari from Salim, who said t hat his fat her t old him t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ブ ∠ ジ ͡カ ⊥ ∇クま͡ ロ⊥ ケ∠ や∠コま͡ ぁゲイ ⊥ Α∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ » «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヶ͡プ モ ⊥イ ∠ ∇ヤイ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ (While a man was dragging his lower garment , he was swallowed up and he will remain sinking down int o t he eart h unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion.) He also recorded somet hing similar from Salim from Abu Hurayrah from t he Prophet . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Sa` id said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

リ ͡ ∇Αキ∠ ∇ゲよ⊥ ヶ͡プ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リヨ∠ Β͡プ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ » ∩⊥ヮ∇ゎ∠グ∠カ∠ほ∠プ チ ∠ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ぶ ⊥ や ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ Β͡プ メ ⊥ ゅ∠わ∇ガΑ∠ リ ͡ ∇Αゲ∠ ツ ∠ ∇カぺ∠ «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ モ ⊥イ ∠ ∇ヤイ ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ (When a man among t he people who came before you went out wearing t wo green garment s, walking proudly and arrogant ly, Allah commanded t he eart h t o swallow him up, and he will remain sinking down int o it unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion.) This version was recorded only by Ahmad, and it s chain of narrat ion is Hasan (sound).

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Α る∃ ゃ∠ プ͡ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ び∠リΑ͡ゲダ ͡ わ∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ (Then he had no group t o help him against Allah, nor was he one of t hose who could save t hemselves.) means, his wealt h, group, servant s and ret inue were of no avail t o him; t hey could not prot ect him from t he wrat h and vengeance of Allah. Nor could he help himself or save himself. There was no one t o help him, neit her himself nor anybody else.

His People learned a Lesson from Him being swallowed up Allah's saying:

び͡ザ∇ョΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ∠ルゅ∠ム∠ョ ∇や∇ヲレｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(And t hose who had desired his posit ion t he day before,) means, t hose wit nessed him wit h his finery and said:

べ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ろ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠Α ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び∃ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ナ ｙェ ∠ ヱ⊥グ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ラ ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ホ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ (Those who were desirous of t he life of t he world, said: "Ah, would t hat we had t he like of what Qarun has been given! Verily, he is t he owner of a great fort une.'') When he was swallowed up in t he eart h, t hey began t o say:

ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ベ ∠ ∇コゲあ ャや テ ⊥ジ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ほ∠ム∠ ∇Αヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ケギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ (Know you not t hat it is Allah Who expands t he provision or rest rict s it t o whomsoever He pleases of His servant s.) Wealt h does not indicat e t hat Allah is pleased wit h it s owner, for Allah gives and wit hholds, allows t imes of difficult y and t imes of ease, raises and lowers, His is t he most complet e wisdom and most convincing proof. According t o a Hadit h narrat ed by Ibn Mas` ud,

∩∇ユム⊥ ホ∠ や∠コ∇ケぺ∠ ユ∠ ジ ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヤ∇カぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ∠ ジ ∠ ホ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» ∩ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ∇リョ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ヶ͡ト∇バΑ⊥ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ «ょ͡エΑ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡み∇ャや ヶ͡ト∇バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ (Allah has allot ed charact er among you j ust as He has allot ed your provision. Allah gives wealt h t o t hose whom He loves and t hose whom He does not love, but He gives Fait h only t o t hose whom He loves.)

びゅ∠レよ͡ ブ ∠ ジ ∠ガ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ｚ ョｚ ラ∠ぺ Ι∇ヲャ∠ぴ (Had it not been t hat Allah was Gracious t o us, He could have caused t he eart h t o swallow us up!) meaning, ` were it not for t he kindness and grace of Allah t owards us, we could have been swallowed up by t he eart h j ust as he was swallowed up, because we want ed t o be like him.'

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ヘ⇒∠ム∇ャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ム∠ ∇Αヱ∠ ぴ (Know you not t hat t he disbelievers will never be successful.) He was a disbeliever, and t he disbelievers will never be successful before Allah in t his world or in t he Hereaft er.

や⇔∂ヲヤ⊥ハ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥バ∠ ∇イル∠ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ケ⊥ やｚギャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや∠ヱ や⇔キゅ∠ジプ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ る͡ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ∠ョぴ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ れ ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン∠ゴ∇イΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ る͡ ゃ∠ Βあ ジ ｚ ャゅ͡よ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ (83. That is t he home of t he Hereaft er, We shall assign t o t hose who do not want t o exalt t hemselves in t he land nor cause corrupt ion. And t he good end is for t hose who have Taqwa.) (84. Whosoever brings good, he shall have t he bet t er t hereof; and whosoever brings evil, t hen t hose who do evil deeds will only be requit ed for what t hey used t o do.)

The Blessings of the Hereafter for the humble Believers Allah t ells us t hat He has made t he home of t he Hereaft er, and it s et ernal delight s which will never change or fade away, for His believing, humble servant s who do not rebel against t he t rut h wit h pride and oppression in t he land. They do not exalt t hemselves above t he creat ures of Allah, arrogant ly oppressing t hem and spreading corrupt ion among t hem. ` Ikrimah said t hat t his phrase referred t o haught iness and arrogance. Ibn Jurayj said:

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ や⇔∂ヲヤ⊥ハ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (t hose who do not want t o exalt t hemselves in t he land) "Arrogance and t yranny,

び⇔やキゅ∠ジプ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor cause corrupt ion) commit t ing sins.'' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat ` Ali said, "If a man want s t he st raps of his sandals t o be bet t er t han t he st raps of his companion's sandals, t hen he is one of t hose referred t o in t he Ayah,

や⇔∂ヲヤ⊥ハ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥バ∠ ∇イル∠ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ケ⊥ やｚギャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや∠ヱ や⇔キゅ∠ジプ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ (That is t he home of t he Hereaft er, We shall assign t o t hose who do not want t o exalt t hemselves in t he land nor cause corrupt ion. And t he good end is for t hose who have Taqwa.) This is underst ood t o mean t hat if his int ent ion is t o show off and appear bet t er t han ot hers, t hen t hat is t o be condemned, as it was report ed in t he Sahih t hat t he Prophet said:

ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ガ ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ヴｚわェ ∠ やヲ⊥バッ ∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヶ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヶ ∠ェ ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡» «ギ∠ェぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヶ͡ピ∇らΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (It has been revealed t o me t hat you should be humble t o t he ext ent t hat none of you boast s t o ot hers or mist reat s ot hers. ) But if a person simply likes t o look good, t hen t here is not hing wrong wit h t hat . It was recorded t hat a man said: "O Messenger of Allah, I like t o have my garment looking good and my shoes looking good -- is t his a kind of arrogance'' The Prophet said:

«メゅ∠ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ∀モΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡ ∩ゅ∠ャ» (No, for Allah is beaut iful and loves beaut y...) And Allah says:

び͡るレ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ∠ョぴ (Whosoever brings good,) meaning, on t he Day of Resurrect ion,

びゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (he shall have t he bet t er t hereof;) meaning, t he reward of Allah is bet t er t han t he good deeds of His servant -- how can it not be, when Allah has mult iplied it many t imes over This is t he posit ion of generosit y. Then Allah says:

∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン∠ゴ∇イΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ る͡ ゃ∠ Βあ ジ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ れ ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや (and whosoever brings evil, t hen t hose who do evil deeds will only be requit ed for what t hey used t o do.) This is like t he Ayah,

∇モワ∠ ケ͡ ゅレｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇ろらｚ ム⊥ プ∠ る͡ ゃ∠ Βあ ジ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ (And whoever brings an evil deed, t hey will be cast down on t heir faces in t he Fire. (And it will be said t o t hem) "Are you being recompensed anyt hing except what you used t o do'') (27: 90). This is t he post it ion of generosit y and j ust ice.

キ∃ ゅ∠バョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ポ ∠ キぁ へ∠ゲャ∠ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ チ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ン͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヴ͡プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヴあよケｚ モ⊥ホ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲゎ∠ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ や⇔ゲΒヰ∠ニ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リョあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リハ ∠ ∠マルｚ ギぁ ダ ⊥ ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャあ リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ネ ⊥ ∇キや∠ヱ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ろャ∠ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ネ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ユ⊥ ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∀マ͡ャゅ∠ワ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ モ ぁ ミ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ (85. Verily, He Who has given you t he Qur'an, will surely bring you back t o t he ret urn. Say: "My Lord is Aware of him who brings guidance, and of him who is in manifest error.'') (86. And you were not expect ing t hat t he Book would be sent down t o you, but it is a mercy from your Lord. So never be a support er of t he disbelievers.) (87. And let t hem not t urn you away from t he Ayat of Allah aft er t hey have been sent down t o you, and invit e t o your Lord and be not of idolat ors.) (88. And invoke not any ot her god along wit h Allah, La ilaha illa Huwa. Everyt hing will perish save His Face. His is t he decision, and t o Him you shall be ret urned.)

The Command to convey the Message of Tawhid Here Allah commands His Messenger t o convey t he Message and recit e t he Qur'an t o people. He t ells him t hat he will be brought back t o t he ret urn, which is t he Day of Resurrect ion, where he will be asked about t he prophet hood he was ent rust ed wit h. So Allah says:

ヴ∠ャま͡ ポ ∠ キぁ へ∠ゲャ∠ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ チ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ン͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び∃キゅ∠バョ∠ (Verily, He Who has given you t he Qur'an, will surely bring you back t o t he ret urn.) meaning, ` t he One Who has commanded you t o put it int o pract ice among mankind,'

び∃キゅ∠バョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ポ ∠ キぁ へ∠ゲャ∠ぴ

(will surely bring you back t o t he ret urn.) ` On t he Day of Resurrect ion, where He will quest ion you concerning t hat ,' as Allah said:

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ｚ ヤ∠⇒∠∇ジレ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ヤ∠⇒∠∇ジレ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then surely, We shall quest ion t hose t o whom it was sent and verily, We shall quest ion t he Messengers.) (7:6) Allah said:

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇らィ ͡ ぺ⊥ へ∠クゅ∠ョ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ モ ∠シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day when Allah will gat her t he Messengers t oget her and say t o t hem: "What was t he response you received'') (5:109). And He said:

び͡￢へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ ∇ΒΒあ ら͡ レｚ ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ ヴ⇒͡ィヱ∠ ぴ (and t he Prophet s and t he wit nesses will be brought forward) (39: 69) In his Tafsir of his Sahih, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah:

び∃キゅ∠バョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ポ ∠ キぁ へ∠ゲャ∠ぴ (will surely bring you back t o t he ret urn.) "To Makkah.'' This was also recorded by An-Nasa'i in his Tafsir in his Sunan, and by Ibn Jarir. Al-` Awfi also report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat t he phrase:

び∃キゅ∠バョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ポ ∠ キぁ へ∠ゲャ∠ぴ (will surely bring you back t o t he ret urn.) means, "will surely bring you back t o Makkah as He brought you out of it .'' Muhammad bin Ishaq recorded t hat Muj ahid comment ed on:

び∃キゅ∠バョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ポ ∠ キぁ へ∠ゲャ∠ぴ (will surely bring you back t o t he ret urn.) He said, "Back t o your place of birt h in Makkah.'' Ibn ` Abbas is also report ed t o have int erpret ed it variously referring t o deat h, t o t he Day of Resurrect ion which will come aft er deat h, and t o Paradise which will be his reward and his dest iny for put t ing t he Message of Allah int o pract ice and conveying it t o t he humans and Jinns, and because he is t he most perfect , most eloquent and most noble of all t he creat ion of Allah. Allah's saying:

ヴ͡プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヴあよケｚ モ⊥ホぴ び∃リΒ͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠

(Say: "My Lord is Aware of him who brings guidance, and of him who is in manifest error.'') means: "Say, O Muhammad, t o t hose among your people who oppose you and disbelieve you, among t he idolat ors and t hose who follow t hem in t heir disbelief, ` My Lord knows best which of us, you or I, is right ly guided, and you will come t o know for which of us will be t he (happy) end in t he Hereaft er, and for which of us will be a good end and vict ory in t his world and in t he Hereaft er'.'' Then Allah reminds His Prophet t he numerous blessings He grant ed t o him and mankind by virt ue of sending him t o t hem:

び⊥ょ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲゎ∠ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And you were not expect ing t hat t he Book would be sent down t o you,) ` Before t he revelat ion was sent down t o you, you did not expect t hat revelat ion would be sent down t o you.'

び∠マよあ ケｚ リあョ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but it is a mercy from your Lord.) means, ` but revelat ion has been sent down t o you from Allah as a mercy t o you and t o mankind because of you. Since Allah has grant ed you t his great blessing,'

び⇔やゲΒヰ∠ニ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So never be a support er) i.e., a helper,

び∠リΑ͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ぴ (of t he disbelievers.) rat her, separat e from t hem, ` express your host ilit y t owards t hem and oppose t hem. '

び∠マ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ろャ∠ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リハ ∠ ∠マルｚ ギぁ ダ ⊥ ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And let t hem not t urn you away from t he Ayat of Allah aft er t hey have been sent down t o you.) meaning, ` Do not let t heir opposit ion t o you affect you or put people off from following your way; do not worry about t hat or pay any at t ent ion t o it , for Allah will make your word supreme, will support your religion and will make t he Message wit h which He has sent you prevail over all ot her religions.' So He says:

び∠マよあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ネ ⊥ ∇キや∠ヱぴ (and invit e t o your Lord) t o worship your Lord Alone, wit h no part ners or associat es,

び∠リΒ∠ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and be not of idolat ors.)

び∠ヲワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ネ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And invoke not any ot her god along wit h Allah, t here is no God but Him.) means, it is not appropriat e t o worship anyt hing or anybody except Him, and divinit y does not befit any except His glory.

び⊥ヮヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∀マ͡ャゅ∠ワ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ (Everyt hing will perish save His Face.) Here Allah is t elling us t hat He is Et ernal, Ever Last ing, Ever Living, Self-Sust aining, Who, alt hough His creat ion dies, He will never die, as He says:

ヱ⊥ク マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇らΑ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∃ ゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ び ュ͡ や∠ゲ∇ミΗ ͡ や∠ヱ モ ͡ ⇒∇ヤイ ∠ ∇ャや (What soever is on it will perish. And t he Face of your Lord full of maj est y and honor will remain forever.) (55:26-27). Allah used t he word "Face'' t o refer t o Himself, as He says here:

び⊥ヮヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∀マ͡ャゅ∠ワ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ (Everyt hing will perish save His Face.) meaning, everyt hing except Him. It was report ed in t he Sahih via Abu Salamah t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ゅ∠ョ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ギ⊥ Β͡らャ∠ ゲ⊥ ハ ͡ ゅｚゼャや ゅ∠ヰャ∠ゅ∠ホ る∃ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ベ ⊥ ギ∠ ∇タぺ∠» «モ ⊥デ ͡ ゅ∠よ ぶ ∠ や ゅ∠ヤカ ∠ (The t ruest word of a poet was t he saying of Labid - indeed everyt hing except Allah is false.)

び⊥ユ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (His is t he decision,) means, dominion and cont rol, and t here is none who can reverse His j udgement or decision.

び∠ラヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t o Him you shall be ret urned.) means, on t he Day when you will be brought back, and He will reward or punish you according t o your deeds: if t hey are good, t hen you will be rewarded, and if t hey are bad, t hen you will be punished. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Qasas. To Allah be praise and blessings.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-` Ankabut (Chapter - 29) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

-リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ユャやぴ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡ ∇Εゅ͡よヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ (1. Alif Lam Mim.) (2. Do people t hink t hat t hey will be left alone because t hey say: "We believe,'' and will not be t est ed.) (3. And We indeed t est ed t hose who were before t hem so t hat Allah will indeed know t hose who are t rue, and He will know t hose who are liars.) (4. Or t hink t hose who do evil deeds t hat t hey can out st rip Us Evil is t hat which t hey j udge!)

The Believers are tested so that it may be known Who is Sincere and Who is Lying In the beginning of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Baqarah, we discussed the letters which appear at the beginning of some Surahs.

∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇わΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ょ ∠ ジ ͡ェ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レわ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ Ι ∠ (Do people t hink t hat t hey will be left alone because t hey say: "We believe,'' and will not be t est ed.) This is a rebuke in t he form of a quest ion, meaning t hat Allah will inevit ably t est His believing servant s according t o t heir level of fait h, as it recorded in t he aut hent ic Hadit h:

ｚユを⊥ ∩∠ラヲ⊥エャ͡ゅｚダャや ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥￢ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや ￢⇔ ゅ∠ヤよ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠» ∩͡ヮレ͡ Α͡キ ょ ͡ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや ヴ∠ヤわ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ∩⊥モん∠ ∇ョほ∠∇ャゅ∠プ モ ⊥ ん∠ ∇ョほ∠∇ャや «￢ゅ∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ Α͡コ ∀る∠よゅ∠ヤ∠タ ヮ͡ レ͡ Α͡キ ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラみ͡プ∠

(The people most severly t est ed are t he Prophet s, t hen t he right eous, t hen t he next best and t he next best . A man will be t est ed in accordance wit h t he degree of his religious commit ment ; t he st onger his religious commit ment , t he st ronger his t est .) This Ayah is like t he Ayah,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ͡ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィ (Do you t hink t hat you will ent er Paradise wit hout Allah knowing t hose of you who fought (in His cause) and knowing t hose who are t he pat ient ) (3:142) There is a similar Ayah in Surat At Tawbah. And Allah says:

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ん∠ ｚョ ユ⊥ムゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ ￢⊥ へｚゲツ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠シ∇ほ∠ら∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇わｚジョｚ ユ⊥ムヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇や∇ヲヤ∠カ ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゴ͡ ∇ャコ⊥ ヱ∠ び ∀ょΑ͡ゲ∠ホ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇ダル∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ダル∠ ヴ∠わョ∠ (Or t hink you t hat you will ent er Paradise wit hout such (t rials) as came t o t hose who passed away before you They were afflict ed wit h severe povert y and ailment s and were so shaken t hat even t he Messenger and t hose who believed along wit h him said, "When (will come) t he help of Allah'' Yes! Cert ainly, t he help of Allah is near!) (2:214) Allah says here:

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ｚ ヨ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚレわ∠ プ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び ∠リΒ͡よ͡グ⇒∠ム∇ャや リ ｚ ヨ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホギ∠ タ ∠ (And We indeed t est ed t hose who were before t hem so t hat Allah will know t hose who are t rue, and will know t hose who are liars.) meaning, He will make know which are sincere in t heir claim t o be believers from t hose who are lying. Allah, may He be glorified and exalt ed, knows what has happened in t he past and what is yet t o come, and He knows how t hat which will not happen would have happened if it were t o happen. All t he Imams of Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jama` ah are agreed on t his. This is t he view of Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers concerning phrases such as t he Ayah,

び∠ユヤ∠∇バレ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (only t hat We know) (2:143). Meaning, only t o see -- because seeing has t o do wit h what is t here, but knowledge is broader t han seeing, since it includes what is not present as well as what is.

The Evildoers cannot escape from Allah Allah said:

ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ボら͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ れ ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ∠ ジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ べ∠シ (Or t hink t hose who do evil deeds t hat t hey can out st rip Us Evil is t hat which t hey j udge!) means, t hose who are not believers should not t hink t hat t hey will escape such t rials and t est s, for ahead of t hem lies a great er and more severe punishment . Allah says:

びゅ∠ルヲ⊥ボら͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ れ ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ∠ ジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or t hink t hose who do evil deeds t hat t hey can out st rip Us) meaning, "escape'' from Us.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ べ∠シぴ (Evil is t hat which t hey j udge!) what t hey t hink is evil.

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ れ ∃ Γ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ∠ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョぴ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ギ⊥ ヰ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ギ∠ ワ∠ ゅ∠ィ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヴ ｘ レ͡ ピ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Α∠ ゴ͡ ∇イレ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ラ ｚ ゲ∠ ヘあ ム∠ レ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ン͡グャｚや リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ (5. Whoever hopes in meet ing wit h Allah, t hen Allah's t erm is surely coming, and He is t he AllHearer, t he All-Knower.) (6. And whosoever st rives, he st rives only for himself. Verily, Allah st ands not in need of any of t he creat ures. ) (7. Those who believe, and do right eous good deeds, surely, We shall expiat e from t hem t heir evil deeds and We shall indeed reward t hem according t o t he best of t hat which t hey used t o do.)

Allah will fulfill the Hopes of the Righteous Allah's saying;

び͡ヮヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョぴ (Whoever hopes in meet ing wit h Allah,) means, in t he Hereaft er, and does right eous deeds, and hopes for a great reward wit h Allah, t hen Allah will fulfill his hopes and reward him for his

deeds in full. This will undoubt edly come t o pass, for He is t he One Who hears all supplicat ions, He knows and underst ands t he needs of all creat ed beings. Allah says:

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ れ ∃ Γ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ∠ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや (Whoever hopes in meet ing wit h Allah, t hen Allah's t erm is surely coming, and He is t he AllHearer, t he All-Knower.)

び͡ヮジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ギ⊥ ヰ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ギ∠ ワ∠ ゅ∠ィ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever st rives, he st rives only for himself.) This is like t he Ayah,

び͡ヮジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョｚ ぴ (Whosoever does right eous good deed, it is for himself) (41:46). Whoever does a right eous deed, t he benefit of t hat deed will come back t o him, for Allah has no need of t he deeds of His servant s, and even if all of t hem were t o be as pious as t he most pious man among t hem, t hat would not add t o His dominion in t he slight est . Allah says:

リ ͡ハ ∠ ヴ ｘ レ͡ ピ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ギ⊥ ヰ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ギ∠ ワ∠ ゅ∠ィ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや (And whosoever st rives, he st rives only for himself. Verily, Allah st ands not in need of any of t he creat ures.) Then Allah t ells us t hat even t hough He has no need of His creat ures, He is kind and generous t o t hem. He will st ill give t o t hose who believe and do right eous deeds t he best of rewards, which is t hat He will expiat e for t hem t heir bad deeds, and will reward t hem according t o t he best deeds t hat t hey did. He will accept t he fewest good deeds and in ret urn for one good deed will give anyt hing bet ween t en rewards and seven hundred, but for every bad deed, He will give only one evil merit , or even t hat He may overlook and forgive. This is like t he Ayah,

る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ マ ⊥ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ルギ⊥ ｚャ リ͡ョ れ ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヘバ͡ ⇒∠ツΑ⊥ (Surely, Allah wrongs not even t he weight of a speck of dust , but if t here is any good, He doubles it , and gives from Him a great reward.) (4:40). And He says here:

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ラ ｚ ゲ∠ ヘあ ム∠ レ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ン͡グャｚや リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Α∠ ゴ͡ ∇イレ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ (Those who believe, and do right eous good deeds, surely, We shall expiat e from t hem t heir evil deeds and We shall indeed reward t hem according t o t he best of t hat which t hey used t o do.)

ポ ∠ や∠ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ∇ジェ ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲよ͡ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡ や ゅ∠レ∇Βタ ｚ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇バ͡トゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∀ユ∇ヤ͡ハ ヮ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡よ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼわ⊥ ャ͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ムゃ⊥ らあ ル∠ ほ⊥プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ヤ∠カ ͡ ∇ギレ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ びリ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや (8. And We have enj oined on man t o be dut iful t o his parent s; but if t hey st rive t o make you associat e wit h Me, which you have no knowledge of, t hen obey t hem not . Unt o Me is your ret urn and I shall t ell you what you used t o do.) (9. And for t hose who believe and do right eous deeds, surely, We shall admit t hem among t he right eous.)

The Command to be Good and Dutiful to Parents Allah commands His servant s t o be dut iful t o parent s, aft er urging t hem t o adhere t o belief in His Tawhid, because a person's parent s are t he cause of his exist ence. So he must t reat t hem wit h t he ut most kindness and respect , his fat her for spending on him and his mot her because of her compassion for him. Allah says:

リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒ｚΑま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ Κ ∠ ミ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ら∠ ム͡ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ リ ｚ ピ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ゅｚョま͡ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ジ∇ェま͡ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ャｚ モ⊥ホヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ∇ゲヰ∠ ∇レゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ｙフぺ⊥ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ ャｚ モ⊥ボゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ あ グぁ ャや ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∠ャ ∇ヂヘ͡ ∇カや∠ヱ - ゅ⇔ヨΑ͡ゲミ∠ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ピタ ∠ ヴ͡ルゅ∠Βよｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ケや ゆ あ ケｚ モホ⊥ ヱ∠

(And your Lord has decreed t hat you worship none but Him. And t hat you be dut iful t o your parent s. If one of t hem or bot h of t hem at t ain old age in your life, say not t o t hem a word of disrespect , nor shout at t hem, but address t hem in t erms of honor. And lower unt o t hem t he wing of submission and humilit y t hrough mercy, and say: "My Lord! Best ow on t hem Your mercy as t hey did bring me up when I was young.'') (17:23-24) Alt hough Allah orders us t o show kindness, mercy and respect t owards t hem in ret urn for t heir previous kindness, He says:

Κ ∠ プ∠ ∀ユ∇ヤ͡ハ ヮ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡よ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼわ⊥ ャ͡ ポ ∠ や∠ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ びべ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇バト ͡ ゎ⊥ (but if t hey st rive t o make associat e wit h Me, which you have no knowledge of, t hen obey t hem not .) meaning, if t hey are idolat ors, and t hey t ry t o make you follow t hem in t heir religion, t hen beware of t hem, and do not obey t hem in t hat , for you will be brought back t o Me on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and Allah will reward you for your kindness t owards t hem and your pat ience in adhering t o your religion. It is Allah Who will gat her you wit h t he group of t he right eous, not wit h t he group of your parent s, even t hough you were t he closest of people t o t hem in t he world. For a person will be gat hered on t he Day of Resurrect ion wit h t hose whom he loves, meaning, religious love. Allah says:

ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ヤ∠カ ͡ ∇ギレ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ びリ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや (And for t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, surely, We shall make t hem ent er wit h t he right eous.) In his Tafsir of t his Ayah, At -Tirmidhi recorded t hat Sa` d said: "Four Ayat were revealed concerning me -- and he t old his st ory. He said: "Umm Sa` d said: ` Did Allah not command you t o honor your parent s By Allah, I will not eat or drink anyt hing unt il I die or you renounce Islam.' When t hey want ed t o feed her, t hey would force her mout h open. Then t his Ayah was revealed:

ポ ∠ や∠ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ∇ジェ ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲよ͡ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡ や ゅ∠レ∇Βタ ｚ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びべ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇バト ͡ ゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∀ユ∇ヤ͡ハ ヮ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡よ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼわ⊥ ャ͡ (And We have enj oined on man t o be dut iful t o his parent s; but if t hey st rive t o make you associat e wit h Me, of which you have no knowledge, t hen obey t hem not .)'' This Hadit h was also recorded by Imam Ahmad, Muslim, Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i. At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.

ヴ͡プ ン ∠ ク͡ ヱ⊥ぺ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ͡ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ミ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや る∠ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや

ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま リ ｚ ャ⊥ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∀ゲ∇ダ∠ル ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ｚ ヨ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇ハほ∠よ͡ びリ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ｚ ヨ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや (10. Of mankind are some who say: "We believe in Allah.'' But if t hey are made t o suffer for Allah, t hey consider t he t rial of mankind as Allah's punishment ; and if vict ory comes from your Lord, t hey will say: "Verily, we were wit h you.'' Is not Allah Best Aware of what is in t he breast s of t he creat ures) (11. And indeed Allah knows t hose who believe, and verily, He knows t he hypocrit es.)

The Attitudes of the Hypocrites and the Ways in which Allah tests People Allah ment ions t he descript ions of t he liars who falsely claim fait h wit h t heir lips, while fait h is not firm in t heir heart s. When a t est or t rial comes in t his world, t hey t hink t hat t his is a punishment from Allah, so t hey leave Islam. Allah says:

ヴ͡プ ン ∠ ク͡ ヱ⊥ぺ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ͡ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ミ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや る∠ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (Of mankind are some who say: "We believe in Allah.'' But if t hey are made t o suffer for Allah, t hey consider t he t rial of mankind as Allah's punishment ;) Ibn ` Abbas said, "Meaning t hat t heir t rial is leaving Islam if t hey are made t o suffer for Allah.'' This was also t he view of ot hers among t he Salaf. This Ayah is like t he Ayah,

∇ラみ͡プ∠ フ ∃ ∇ゲェ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ ょ ∠ ヤ∠ボ∠ ∇ルや る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ｚ ほ∠ヨ∠ ∇デや ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ び͡ヮヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (And among mankind is he who worships Allah as it were upon t he edge: if good befalls him, he is cont ent t herewit h; but if a t rial befalls him, he t urns back on his face...) unt il:

び⊥ギΒ͡バら∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ⇒∠ヤツ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (That is a st raying far away) ぴ22:11-12び. Then Allah says:

び∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま ｚリャ⊥ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∀ゲ∇ダ∠ル ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and if vict ory comes from your Lord, t hey will say: "Verily, we were wit h you.'') meaning, "if vict ory comes from your Lord, O Muhammad, and t here are spoils of war, t hese people will say t o you, ` We were wit h you,' i.e., we are your brot hers in fait h.'' This is like t he Ayat :

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ウ∇わ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡みプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ダよｚ ゲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ル リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョｚ ∇リム⊥ ル∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ∇バレ∠ ∇ヨル∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇クヲ͡ ∇エわ∠ ∇ジル∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ (Those who wait and wat ch about you; if you gain a vict ory from Allah, t hey say: "Were we not wit h you'' But if t he disbelievers gain a success, t hey say (t o t hem): "Did we not gain mast ery over you and did we not prot ect you from t he believers'') (4:141).

ロ͡ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ ゲ∃ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ウ ͡ ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ジバ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∠リΒ͡ョギ͡ ⇒∠ル ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱぁゲシ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エら͡ ∇ダΒ⊥ プ∠ (Perhaps Allah may bring a vict ory or a decision according t o His will. Then t hey will become regret ful for what t hey have been keeping as a secret in t hemselves) (5:52). And Allah t ells us about t hem here:

び∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま ｚリャ⊥ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∀ゲ∇ダ∠ル ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and if vict ory comes from your Lord, t hey will say: "Verily, we were wit h you.'') Then Allah says:

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇ハほ∠よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Is not Allah Best Aware of what is in t he breast s of t he creat ures) meaning, ` does Allah not know best what is in t heir heart s and what t hey st ore secret ly wit hin t hemselves, even t hough out wardly t hey may appear t o be in agreement wit h you'

びリ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ｚ ヨ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ヨ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed Allah knows t hose who believe, and verily He knows t he hypocrit es.) Allah will t est t he people wit h calamit ies and wit h t imes of ease, so t hat He may dist inguish t he believers from t he hypocrit es, t o see who will obey Allah bot h in t imes of hardship and of ease, and who will obey Him only when t hings are going in accordance wit h t heir desires. As Allah says:

∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ

リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イヨ⊥ ∇ャや

ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らレ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ら∇カぺ∠ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らル∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ

(And surely, We shall t ry you t ill We t est t hose who st rive hard and t he pat ient , and We shall t est your fact s.) (47:31) Aft er t he bat t le of Uhud, wit h it s t rials and t ribulat ions for t he Muslims, Allah said:

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ケ∠ グ∠ Β∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚョぴ び͡ょΒあ ト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゑ ∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ∠ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ (Allah will not leave t he believers in t he st at e in which you are now, unt il He dist inguishes t he wicked from t he good...) (3:179)

ゅ∠レヤ∠Β͡らシ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠Β⇒∠トカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヤヨ͡ ⇒∠エよ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠Β⇒∠トカ ∠ ∇モヨ͡ ∇エレ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ リ ｚ ヤ⊥ヨ͡ ∇エΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚヨ∠ハ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ｚ ヤ⊥⇒∠∇ジΒ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ ノ∠ ョｚ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ (12. And t hose who disbelieve say t o t hose who believe: "Follow our way and let us bear your sins.'' Never will t hey bear anyt hing of t heir sins. Surely, t hey are liars.) (13. And verily, t hey shall bear t heir own loads, and ot her loads besides t heir own; and verily, t hey shall be quest ioned on t he Day of Resurrect ion about t hat which t hey used t o fabricat e.)

The Arrogant Claim of the Disbelievers that They would carry the Sins of Others if They would return to Disbelief Allah t ells us t hat t he disbelievers of Quraysh said t o t hose who believed and followed t he t rut h: leave your religion, come back t o our religion, and follow our way;

び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠Β⇒∠トカ ∠ ∇モヨ͡ ∇エレ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ぴ (and let us bear your sins.) meaning, ` if t here is any sin on you, we will bear it and it will be our responsibilit y'. It is like a person saying: "Do t his, and your sin will be on my shoulders.'' Allah says, proving t his t o be a lie:

∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠Β⇒∠トカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヤヨ͡ ⇒∠エよ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ (Never will t hey bear anyt hing of t heir sins. Surely, t hey are liars.) in t heir claim t hat t hey will bear t he sins of ot hers, for no person will bear t he sins of anot her. Allah says:

∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ヨェ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ る∀ ヤ∠ボ∠ ∇んョ⊥ ネ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びヴ∠よ∇ゲホ⊥ や∠ク ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ (and if one heavily laden calls anot her t o (bear) his load, not hing of it will be lift ed even t hough he be near of kin) (35:18).

び∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ｚ ら∠ Α⊥ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヨェ ∠ モ ⊥ ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And no friend will ask a friend (about his condit ion), t hough t hey shall be made t o see one anot her) (70:10-11).

び∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ ノ∠ ョｚ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ リ ｚ ヤ⊥ヨ͡ ∇エΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, t hey shall bear t heir own loads, and ot her loads besides t heir own.) Here Allah t ells us t hat t hose who call ot hers t o disbelief and misguidance will, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, bear t heir own sins and t he sins of ot hers, because of t he people t hey misguided. Yet t hat will not det ract from t he burden of t hose ot her people in t he slight est , as Allah says:

ケ͡ や∠コ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ る⇔ ヤ∠ョ͡ ゅ∠ミ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ や∠コ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ∇エΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ び∃ユ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∠ルヲぁヤ͡ツΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや (That t hey may bear t heir own burdens in full on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and also of t he burdens of t hose whom t hey misled wit hout knowledge) (16:25). In t he Sahih, it says:

ケ͡ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ィほ∠∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ハキ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ∇リョ͡ ゾ ∠ ボ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ る∃ ャ∠ゅ∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ハキ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥

∇リョ͡ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠をへ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ユ͡ ∇をみ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ «ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ョ͡ ゅ∠をへ ∇リョ͡ ゾ ∠ ボ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ (Whoever calls ot hers t o t rue guidance, will have a reward like t hat of t hose who follow him unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, wit hout it det ract ing from t heir reward in t he slight est . Whoever calls ot hers t o misguidance, will have a burden of sin like t hat of t hose who follow him unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, wit hout it det ract ing from t heir burden in t he slight est .) In t he Sahih, it also says:

メ ͡ ヱｚ ほ∠∇ャや ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ͡ ∇よや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ∇ろヤ∠わ͡ ホ⊥ ゅ∠ョ» «モ∇わボ∠ ∇ャや リ ｚシ ∠ ∇リョ∠ メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ャ͡ ∩ゅ∠ヰョ͡ キ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀モ∇ヘ͡ミ (No person is killed unlawfully, but a share of t he guilt will be upon t he first son of Adam, because he was t he first one t o init iat e t he idea of killing anot her.)

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚヨハ ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ｚ ヤ⊥⇒∠∇ジΒ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and verily, t hey shall be quest ioned on t he Day of Resurrect ion about t hat which t hey used t o fabricat e.) means, t he lies t hey used t o t ell and t he falsehood t hey used t o fabricat e. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Umamah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah conveyed t he Message wit h which he was sent , t hen he said:

:メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ュ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∠ユ∇ヤヌ ぁ ャや∠ヱ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅΑｚ ま͡» ヵ͡キゅ∠レΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩∀ユ∇ヤニ ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡ルコ⊥ ヲイ∠Α ゅ∠ャ ヶ͡ャゅ∠ヤィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ゎゴｚ ハ ͡ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ ら∠ ∇わΑ∠ ヶ͡ゎ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ∨∃ラゅ∠ヤプ⊥ リ ⊥ ∇よ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ キ∃ ゅ∠レョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゾ ⊥ ガ ∠ ∇ゼΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡メゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ん∇ョぺ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠レジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや ゴｚ ハ ∠ リ ͡ ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヵ ͡ ギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ュ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠ダ∇よぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ :ヵ͡キゅ∠レΒ⊥ プ∠ ヵ ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩ｚモィ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤら͡ ∇ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩ｚユヤ⊥ヰ∠ プ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ヤプ⊥ リ ͡ ∇よ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ∀る∠ョゅ∠ヤ∠ニ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀る∠ハゅ∠ら͡ゎ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡リヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヵ ͡ ギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅΒ∠ ホ͡ やヲ⊥バヨ͡ わ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠

ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ∇リハ ∠ やヲ⊥ツ∇ホや :リ ⊥ ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩͡ヮゎ͡ ゅ∠レジ ∠ェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨⊥ヮ∇レ∠ハ ヶ͡ツ∇ボ∠ル ∩∀るレ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヴ∠ボ∇らΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ャや∠ゴ∠Α やヲ⊥ツ∇ホや :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡れゅ∠ョゅ∠ヤヌ ｚ ャや ゆ ͡ ゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヶ ∠ ボ͡ よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∀るレ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ペ ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ∇リハ ∠ «ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ∇ェゅ∠プ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇リョ͡ やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ (Beware of inj ust ice, for Allah will swear an oat h of t he Day of Resurrect ion and will say: "By My glory and maj est y, no inj ust ice will be overlooked t oday.'' Then a voice will call out , "Where is so-and-so t he son of so-and-so'' He will be brought fort h, followed by his good deeds which appear like mount ains while t he people are gazing at t hem in wonder, unt il he is st anding before t he Most Merciful. Then t he caller will be commanded t o say: "Whoever is owed anyt hing by so-and-so t he son of so-and-so, or has been wronged by him, let him come fort h.'' So t hey will come fort h and gat her before t he Most Merciful, t hen t he Most Merciful will say: "Set t le t he mat t er for My servant .'' They will say, "How can we set t le t he mat t er'' He will say, "Take from his good deeds and give it t o t hem.'' They will keep t aking from his good deeds unt il t here is not hing left , and t here will st ill people wit h scores t o be set t led. Allah will say, "Set t le t he mat t er for My servant .'' They will say, "He does not have even one good deed left .'' Allah will say, "Take from t heir evil deeds and give t hem t o him.'') Then t he Prophet quot ed t his Ayah:

ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ｚ ヤ⊥⇒∠∇ジΒ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ ノ∠ ョｚ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ リ ｚ ヤ⊥ヨ͡ ∇エΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚヨハ ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや (And verily, t hey shall bear t heir own loads, and ot her loads besides t heir own; and verily, t hey shall be quest ioned on t he Day of Resurrect ion about t hat which t hey used t o fabricat e.) There is a corroborat ing report in t he Sahih wit h a different chain of narrat ion:

メ ͡ ゅ∠ん∇ョぺ∠ れ ∃ ゅ∠レジ ∠エ ∠ よ͡ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡ゎ∇ほΒ∠ ャ∠ モ ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» ∇リョ͡ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩や∠グワ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ョ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩や∠グワ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠ニ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ∇リョ͡ や∠グワ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮゎ͡ ゅ∠レジ ∠ェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ や∠グワ∠ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ∩や∠グワ∠ チ ͡ ∇ゲハ ͡

∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇リョ͡ グ∠ カ ͡ ぺ⊥ ∩∀るレ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ペ ∠ ∇らゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ヮゎ͡ ゅ∠レジ ∠ェ ∠ «ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゲ͡ ト ⊥ プ∠ (A man will come on t he Day of Resurrect ion wit h good deeds like mount ains, but he had wronged t his one, t aken t he wealt h of t hat one and slandered t he honor of anot her. So each of t hem will t ake from his good deeds. And if t here is not hing left of his good deeds, it will be t aken from t heir evil and placed on him.)

ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ゑ ∠ ら͡ ヤ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ル ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠プヲぁトャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ハ リ ∠ Β͡ジ∇ヨカ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ レ∠ シ ∠ べ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ レ∠ Β͡ヘジ ｚ ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ⇒レ∇Βイ ∠ ∇ルほ∠プ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ (14. And indeed We sent Nuh t o his people, and he st ayed among t hem a t housand years less fift y years; so t he Deluge overt ook t hem while t hey were wrongdoers.) (15. Then We saved him and t he Companions of t he Boat , and made it an Ayah for all people.)

Nuh and His People Here Allah consoles His servant and Messenger Muhammad by t elling him t hat Nuh, peace be upon him, st ayed among his people for t his long period of t ime, calling t hem night and day, in secret and openly, but in spit e of all t hat t hey st ill persist ed in t heir aversion t o t he t rut h, t urning away from it and disbelieving in him. Only a few of t hem believed wit h him. Allah says:

ユ⊥ ワ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ハ リ ∠ Β͡ジ∇ヨカ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ レ∠ シ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ゑ ∠ ら͡ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ͡ヤ⇒∠ニ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠プヲぁトャや (and he st ayed among t hem a t housand years less fift y years; and t he Deluge overt ook t hem while t hey were wrongdoers.) meaning, ` aft er t his long period of t ime, when t he Message and t he warning had been of no avail, so, O Muhammad, do not feel sorry because of t hose among your people who disbelieve in you, and do not grieve for t hem, for Allah guides whomsoever He wills and leaves ast ray whomsoever He wills. The mat t er rest s wit h Him and all t hings will ret urn t o Him.'

∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び∃る∠Αや￢ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ (Truly, t hose, against whom t he Word of your Lord has been j ust ified, will not believe. Even if every sign should come t o t hem) (10:96-97). Know t hat Allah will help you and support you and cause you t o prevail, and He will defeat and humiliat e your enemies, and make t hem t he lowest of t he low. It was recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "Nuh received his mission when he was fort y years old, and he st ayed among his people for a t housand years less fift y; aft er t he Flood he lived for sixt y years unt il people had increased and spread.''

び͡るレ∠ Β͡ヘジ ｚ ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ⇒レ∇Βイ ∠ ∇ルほ∠プぴ (Then We saved him and t he Companions of t he Boat ,) means, t hose who believed in Nuh, peace be upon him. We have already discussed t his in det ail in Surah Hud, and t here is no need t o repeat it here.

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ べ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and made it (t he ship) an Ayah for all people.) means, ` We caused t hat ship t o remain,' whet her in it self, as Qat adah said, t hat it remained unt il t he beginning of Islam, on Mount Judi, or whet her t he concept of sailing in ships was left as a reminder t o mankind of how Allah had saved t hem from t he Flood. This is like t he Ayat : s

ラ ͡ ヲ⊥エ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ｚΑあケク⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ∀る∠Αや∠￢∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らミ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョあ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ∠ヱ (And an Ayah for t hem is t hat We bore t heir offspring in t he laden ship. And We have creat ed for t hem of t he like t hereunt o, on which t hey ride) unt il:

び∃リΒ͡ェ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔ハゅ∠わョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and as an enj oyment for a while) ぴ36:41-44び.

- る͡ Α∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ゅ∠ピデ ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ ゅｚル͡まぴ び る∀ Β∠ ハ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ラク⊥ ぺ⊥ べ∠ヰΒ∠ バ͡ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠バ∠ ∇イレ∠ ャ͡ (Verily, when t he wat er rose beyond it s limit s, We carried you in t he ship. That We might make it an admonit ion for you and t hat it might be ret ained by t he ret aining ears.) (69:11-12) And Allah says here:

る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ べ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ レ∠ Β͡ヘジ ｚ ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ⇒レ∇Βイ ∠ ∇ルほ∠プぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあ (Then We saved him and t he Companions of t he Boat , and made it an Ayah for all people.) This is a shift from referring t o one specific ship t o speaking about ships in general. A similar shift from specific t o general is t o be seen in t he Ayat :

ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ウ ∠ Β͡ら⇒∠ダヨ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅｚレΑｚ コ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び͡リΒ͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ヤあャ ゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ィケ⊥ (And indeed We have adorned t he nearest heaven wit h lamps, and We have made such lamps missiles t o drive away t he Shayat in (devils)) (67:5). meaning, ` We have made t hese lamps missiles, but t he lamps which are used as missiles are not t he same lamps as are used t o adorn t he heaven.' And Allah says:

ｚユを⊥ - リ ∃ Β͡デ リあョ る∃ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤシ ⊥ リ͡ョ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡ や ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∃ Β͡ムョｚ ケ∃ や∠ゲホ∠ ヴ͡プ る⇔ ヘ∠ ∇トル⊥ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ (And indeed We creat ed man out of an ext ract of clay. Thereaft er We made him a Nut fah in a safe lodging.) (23:12-13). There are many ot her similar examples.

∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ヱ∠ ぴ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ラ ∠ ヱギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ⇔ゅム∇プ͡ま ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヤ⊥∇ガゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠を∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇よゅ∠プ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ヨ∠Α Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇セや∠ヱ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや∠ヱ ベ ∠ ∇コゲあ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ∀ユ∠ョぺ⊥ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ びリ ⊥ Β͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや パ ⊥Κ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや (16. And (remember) Ibrahim when he said t o his people: "Worship Allah, and have Taqwa of Him, t hat is bet t er for you if you know.'') (17. You worship besides Allah only idols, and you

only invent falsehood. Verily, t hose whom you worship besides Allah have no power t o give you provision, so seek from Allah your provision, and worship Him, and be grat eful t o Him. To Him you will be brought back.) (18. And if you deny, t hen nat ions before you have denied. And t he dut y of t he Messenger is only t o convey plainly.'')

Ibrahim's preaching to His People Allah t ells us how His servant , Messenger and close friend Ibrahim, t he Imam of t he monot heist s, called his people t o worship Allah alone, wit h no part ner or associat e, t o fear Him alone, t o seek provision from Him alone, wit h no part ner or associat e, t o give t hanks t o Him alone, for He is t he One t o Whom t hanks should be given for t he blessings which none can best ow but He. Ibrahim said t o his people:

び⊥ロヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハやぴ (Worship Allah, and have Taqwa of Him,) meaning worship Him and fear Him Alone, wit h all sincerit y.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (t hat is bet t er for you if you know.) if you do t hat you will at t ain good in t his world and t he next , and you will prevent evil from yourselves in t his world and t he Hereaft er. Then Allah st at es t hat t he idols which t hey worshipped were not able t o do any harm or any good, and t ells t hem, "You made up names for t hem and called t hem gods, but t hey are creat ed beings j ust like you.'' This int erpret at ion was report ed by Al-` Awfi from Ibn ` Abbas. It was also t he view of Muj ahid and As-Suddi. Al-Walibi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas: "You invent falsehood, means, you carve idols,'' which do not have t he power t o provide for you.

び∠ベ∇コゲあ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レハ ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇よゅ∠プぴ (so seek from Allah your provision,) This emphasizes t he idea of asking Allah Alone. This is like t he Ayat :

びリ ⊥ Β͡バわ∠ ∇ジル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ぴ (You (Alone) we worship, and You (Alone) we ask for help.) (1:5) And His saying:

び͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔わ∇Βよ∠ ポ ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヴ͡ャ リ ͡ ∇よや ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ (My Lord! Build for me, wit h You, a home in Paradise) (66:11). Allah says here:

び∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇よゅ∠プぴ

(so seek) meaning, ask for

び∠ベ∇コゲあ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハぴ (from Allah your provision,) meaning, do not seek it from anyone or anyt hing ot her t han Him, for no one else possesses t he power t o do anyt hing.

び⊥ヮャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇セや∠ヱ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや∠ヱぴ (and worship Him, and be grat eful t o Him.) Eat from what He has provided and worship Him Alone, and give t hanks t o Him for t he blessings He has given you.

び∠ラヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ぴ (To Him you will be brought back.) means, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, when He will reward or punish each person according t o his deeds. His saying:

び∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ∀ユ∠ョぺ⊥ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if you deny, t hen nat ions before you have denied.) means, ` you have heard what happened t o t hem by way of punishment for opposing t he Messengers.'

び⊥リΒ͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t he dut y of t he Messenger is only t o convey plainly.) All t he Messengers have t o do is t o convey t he Message as Allah has commanded t hem. Allah guides whoever He wills and leaves ast ray whoever He wills, so st rive t o be among t he blessed. Qat adah said concerning t he Ayah:

び∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ∀ユ∠ョぺ⊥ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if you deny, t hen nat ions before you have denied.) "These are words of consolat ion t o His Prophet , peace be upon him.'' This suggest ion by Qat adah implies t hat t he narrat ive (about Ibrahim) is int errupt ed here, and resumes wit h t he words "And not hing was t he answer of (Ibrahim's) people...'' in Ayah 24. This was also st at ed by Ibn Jarir. From t he cont ext it appears t hat Ibrahim, peace be upon him, said all of what is in t his sect ion. Here he est ablishes proof against t hem t hat t he Resurrect ion will indeed come t o pass, because at t he end of t his passage it says:

び͡ヮョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠ヲィ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ ("And not hing was t he answer of his people...'')(29:24) And Allah knows best .

ラ ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢⊥ ン͡ギ∇らΑ⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡シ ∇モホ⊥ - ∀ゲΒ͡ジ∠Α ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク り∠ ほ∠∇ゼレｚ ャや ￢⊥ ヴ͡ゼレ⊥Α ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ｚユを⊥ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ぺ∠ギ∠ よ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プ リ∠ョ ゆ ⊥ あグバ∠ Α⊥ - ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ∠∇ボゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ユ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ∇バヨ⊥ よ͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ゲ∃ Β͡ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ｙ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ジゃ͡ Α∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ͡ も͡ べ∠ボャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヴ͡わヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ (19. See t hey not how Allah originat es t he creat ion, t hen repeat s it . Verily, t hat is easy for Allah.) (20. Say: "Travel in t he land and see how He originat ed t he creat ion, and t hen Allah will bring fort h t he creat ion of t he Hereaft er. Verily, Allah is able t o do all t hings.'') (21. He punishes whom He wills, and shows mercy t o whom He wills; and t o Him you will be ret urned.) (22. And you cannot escape in t he eart h or in t he heaven. And besides Allah you have neit her any prot ect or nor any helper.) (23. And t hose who disbelieve in t he Ayat of Allah and meet ing wit h Him, such have no hope of My mercy: and for such t here is a painful t orment .)

The Evidence for Life after Death Allah t ells us t hat Ibrahim, peace be upon him, showed t hem t he proof of life aft er deat h, which t hey denied, in t heir souls. For Allah creat ed t hem aft er t hey had been not hing at all, t hen t hey came int o exist ence and became people who could hear and see. The One Who originat ed t his is able t o repeat it , it is very easy for Him. Then he t aught t hem t o cont emplat e t he visible signs on t he horizons and t he t hings t hat Allah has creat ed: t he heavens wit h t heir st ars and planet s, moving and st at ionary, t he eart h wit h it s plains and mount ains, it s valleys, desert s and wildernesses, t rees and rivers, fruit s and oceans. All of t hat indicat es t hat t hese are t hemselves creat ed t hings, and t hat t here must be a Creat or Who does as He chooses, Who merely says t o a t hing "Be!'' and it is. Allah says:

ラ ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢⊥ ン͡ギ∇らΑ⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び ∀ゲΒ͡ジ∠Α ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク

(See t hey not how Allah originat es t he creat ion, t hen repeat s it . Verily, t hat is easy for Allah.) This is like t he Ayah:

ラ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Βバ͡ Α⊥ ｚユを⊥ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ぺ⊥ギ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (And He it is Who originat es t he creat ion, t hen He will repeat it ; and t his is easier for Him) (30:27). Then Allah says:

ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ぺ∠ギ∠ よ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡シ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び∠りゲ∠ カ ͡ ｘΙや り∠ ほ∠∇ゼレｚ ャや ￢⊥ ヴ͡ゼレ⊥Α ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ｚユを⊥ (Say: "Travel in t he land and see how He originat ed t he creat ion, and t hen Allah will bring fort h t he creat ion of t he Hereaft er.'') meaning, t he Day of Resurrect ion.

び∀ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is able t o do all t hings.)

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ユ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ゆ ⊥ あグバ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (He punishes whom He wills, and shows mercy t o whom He wills;) He is t he Ruler Who is in cont rol, Who does as He wishes and j udges as He want s, and t here is none who can put back His j udgement . None can quest ion Him about what He does; rat her it is t hey who will be quest ioned, for His is t he power t o creat e and t o command, and what ever He decides is fair and j ust , for He is t he sovereign who cannot be unj ust in t he slight est . According t o a Hadit h recorded by t he Sunan compilers:

ヮ͡ ッ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ や∠ヱゅ∠ヨシ ∠ モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ゆ ∠ グｚ ハ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» «ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ユ͡ャゅ∠ニ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グｚ バ∠ ャ∠ (If Allah willed t o punish t he dwellers of His heavens and His eart h, He would do so, while He would not be unj ust t o t hem.) Allah says:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ∠∇ボゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ユ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ゆ ⊥ あグバ∠ Α⊥ ぴ び

(He punishes whom He wills, and shows mercy t o whom He wills; and t o Him you will be ret urned.) You will ret urn t o Him on t he Day of Resurrect ion.

び͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ∇バヨ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And you cannot escape on t he eart h or in t he heaven. ) No one in heaven or on eart h can flee from Him, for He is t he Subduer Who is above His servant s, and everyt hing fears Him and is in need of Him, while He is t he One Who is Independent of all else.

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ｙ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮも͡ べ∠ボャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱゲ∃ Β͡ダル∠ (And besides Allah you have neit her any prot ect or nor any helper. And t hose who disbelieve in t he Ayat of Allah and t he meet ing wit h Him,) Those who disbelieved in t he signs of Allah and denied t he Resurrect ion,

びヴ͡わヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ジゃ͡ Α∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (such have no hope of My mercy) t hey will have no share in it ,

び∀ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (and for such t here is a painful t orment .) meaning, ext remely painful, in t his world and t he next .

∇ヱぺ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠ヲィ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΙ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ロ⊥ ゅ∠イ∇ルほ∠プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ホゲ∂ ェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ∂ョ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ や ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ∂ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ∇Βよ∠ り∠ キｚ ヲ∠ ョｚ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠を∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ リ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ び∠リΑ͡ゲダ ͡ ⇒ｚル リ∂ョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ (24. So not hing was t he answer of people except t hat t hey said: "Kill him or burn him.'' Then Allah saved him from t he fire. Verily, in t his are indeed signs for a people who believe.) (25. And (Ibrahim) said: "You have t aken idols inst ead of Allah. The love bet ween you is only in t he

life of t his world, but on t he Day of Resurrect ion, you shall deny each ot her, and curse each ot her, and your abode will be t he Fire, and you shall have no helper.'')

The Response of Ibrahim's People -- and how Allah controlled the Fire Allah t ells us how Ibrahim's people st ubbornly and arrogant ly disbelieved, and how t hey resist ed t he t rut h wit h falsehood. Aft er Ibrahim addressed t hem wit h his words of clear guidance,

び⊥ロヲ⊥ホゲあ ェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except t hat t hey said: "Kill him or burn him.'') This was because proof had clearly been est ablished against t hem, so t hey resort ed t o using t heir power and st rengt h.

∇やヱ⊥キや∠ケほ∠プ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ボ∇ャほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠Β∇レよ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レ∇よや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヤヘ∠ ∇シΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ や⇔ギ∇Βミ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ (They said: "Build for him a building and t hrow him int o t he blazing fire!'' So t hey plot t ed a plot against him, but We made t hem t he lowest .) (37:97-98). They spent a long t ime gat hering a huge amount of firewood, t hey built a fence around it , t hen t hey set it ablaze unt il it s flames reached up t o t he sky. No great er fire had ever been lit . Then t hey went t o Ibrahim, seized him and put him int o a cat apult , t hen t hey t hrew him int o t he fire. But Allah made it cool and safe for him, and aft er spending several days in it , he emerged unscat hed. For t his reason and ot hers, Allah made him an Imam for mankind, for he offered himself t o t he Most Merciful, he offered his body t o t he flames, he offered his son as a sacrifice, and he gave his wealt h t o care for his guest s. For all of t hese reasons he is beloved by t he followers of all religions.

び͡ケゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ロ⊥ ゅ∠イ∇ルほ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then Allah saved him from t he fire. ) means, He rescued him from it by making it cool and safe for him.

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t his are indeed signs for a people who believe.) Ibrahim, peace be upon him, explains t o his people t hat idols are incapable of doing anyt hing,

り∠ キｚ ヲ∠ ョｚ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠を∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ や ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ∇Βよ∠ (And (Ibrahim) said: "You have t aken idols inst ead of Allah. The love bet ween you is only in t he life of t his world,) Here Ibrahim was rebuking his people for t heir evil deed of worshipping idols, and t elling t hem: ` You have t aken t hese as gods and you come t oget her t o worship t hem so t hat t here is friendship and love among you in t his world,'

び͡るヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (but on t he Day of Resurrect ion,) t he sit uat ion will be t he opposit e, and t his love and friendship will t urn int o hat red and enmit y. Then

び∃ヂ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ぴ (you shall deny each ot her,) meaning, ` you will denounce one anot her and deny what ever was bet ween you,'

び⇔ゅツ∇バよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ リ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and curse each ot her, ) means, t he followers will curse t heir leaders and t he leaders will curse t heir followers.

びゅ∠ヰわ∠ ∇カぺ⊥ ∇ろレ∠ バ∠ ャｚ ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ a(Every t ime a new nat ion ent ers (t he Fire), it curses it s sist er nat ion (t hat went before)) (7:37).

リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢⊥ Κ ∠カ ͡Ι ｘ やぴ び (Friends on t hat Day will be foes one t o anot her except t hose who have Taqwa.) (43:67) And Allah says here:

リ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び⊥ケゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠

(but on t he Day of Resurrect ion, you shall deny each ot her, and curse each ot her, and your abode will be t he Fire,) meaning, ` your ult imat e dest iny aft er all account s have been set t led, will be t he fire of Hell, and you will have no one t o help you or save you from t he punishment of Allah.' This will be t he st at e of t he disbelievers. As for t he believers, it will be an ent irely different mat t er.

ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∀ゲィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰョ⊥ ヴあルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∀ヅヲ⊥ャ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ぴ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らワ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∠りヲｚ ら⊥ レぁ ャや ヮ͡ わ͡ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ (26. So, Lut believed in him. He said: "I will emigrat e for t he sake of my Lord. Verily, He is t he All-Might y, t he All-Wise.'') (27. And We best owed on him, Ishaq and Ya` qub, and We ordained among his offspring prophet hood and t he Book, and We grant ed him his reward in t his world; and verily, in t he Hereaft er he is indeed among t he right eous.)

The Faith of Lut and His Emigration with Ibrahim Allah t ells us t hat Lut believed in Ibrahim. It was said t hat he was t he son of Ibrahim's brot her, and t hat his name was Lut bin Haran bin Azar. None of Ibrahim's people believed in Ibrahim besides Lut and Sarah t he wife of Ibrahim. But if it is asked how we may reconcile t his Ayah wit h t he Hadit h narrat ed in t he Sahih which says t hat when Ibrahim passed by t hat t yrant and he asked about Sarah and what her relat ionship was t o him, Ibrahim said, "My sist er.'' Then he went t o her and said, "I t old him t hat you are my sist er, so do not let him t hink I am lying, for t here are no believers on eart h except for you and I, and you are my sist er in fait h.'' It seems -and Allah knows best -- t hat t he meaning here is, t here is no ot her Muslim couple on eart h apart from you and I. Among his people, only Lut believed in him and migrat ed wit h him t o Syria, t hen during Ibrahim's lifet ime he was sent as a Messenger t o t he people of Sadum (Sodom) where he set t led. We have already discussed t heir st ory and more is t o come.

びヴあよケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∀ゲィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰョ⊥ ヴあルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (He (Ibrahim) said: "I will emigrat e for t he sake of my Lord.'') It may be t hat t he pronoun in t he verb "he said'' refers t o Lut , because he was t he last person ment ioned before t his phrase; or it may refer t o Ibrahim. Ibn ` Abbas and Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibrahim is t he one who is referred in t he phrase.

び∀ヅヲ⊥ャ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ぴ (So, Lut believed in him.) i.e., out of all his people. Then Allah t ells us t hat he chose t o leave t hem so t hat he might be able t o follow his religion openly. So he said:

び⊥ユΒ͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, He is t he All-Might y, t he All-Wise.) Power belongs t o Him and t o His Messenger and t o t hose who believe in him, and He is Wise in all t hat He says and does, and in all His rulings and decrees, bot h universal and legislat ive. Qat adah said, "They migrat ed t oget her from Kut ha, which is on t he out skirt s of Kufa, and went t o Syria.'' Allah gave Ibrahim, Ishaq and Ya` qub, and ordained Prophet hood in His Offspring

び∠ゆヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らワ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We best owed on him, Ishaq and Ya` qub,) This is like t he Ayah,

ゅ∠レ∇らワ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ゴ∠ わ∠ ∇ハや ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔Β∂ ら͡ ル∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ６Κミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ (So, when he had t urned away from t hem and from t hose whom t hey worshipped besides Allah, We gave him Ishaq and Ya` qub, and each one of t hem We made a Prophet .) (19:49) That is, when he left his people, Allah gave him j oy in a right eous son who was also a Prophet , t o whom in t urn was born, in his grandfat her's lifet ime, a right eous son who was also a Prophet . Allah also says:

び⇔るヤ∠プ͡ ゅ∠ル ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らワ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We best owed upon him Ishaq, and Ya` qub in addit ion) (21:72) meaning, as an addit ional gift . This is like t he Ayah,

び∠ゆヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ ￢͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シみ͡よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ル∇ゲゼ ｚ ら∠ プ∠ ぴ (But We gave her glad t idings of Ishaq, and aft er Ishaq, of Ya` qub.) (11:71) meaning, t o t his son would be born a son during t heir lives, who would be a delight t o t hem.

び∠ょ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∠りヲｚ ら⊥ レぁ ャや ヮ͡ わ͡ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We ordained among his offspring prophet hood and t he Book,) This is a t remendous blessing. Not only did Allah t ake him as a close friend and make him an Imam for mankind, but He also ordained prophet hood and t he Book among his offspring. Aft er t he t ime of Ibrahim t here was no Prophet who was not from among his descendant s. All of t he Prophet s of t he Children of Israel were from among his descendant s, from Ya` qub bin Ishaq bin Ibrahim t o t he last of t hem, ` Isa bin Maryam, who st ood in t he midst of his people and announced t he good news of t he Hashimi Qurashi Arab Prophet , t he last of all t he Messengers, t he leader of t he sons of Adam in t his world and t he next , whom Allah chose from t he heart of t he Arab nat ion, from t he descendant s of Isma` il bin Ibrahim, may peace be upon t hem. There is no Prophet from t he line of Isma` il besides him, may t he best of blessings and peace be upon him.

リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や￢∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∠リΒ͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや (and We grant ed him his reward in t his world; and verily, in t he Hereaft er he is indeed among t he right eous.) Allah grant ed him happiness in t his world t hat was connect ed t o happiness in t he Hereaft er, for in t his world he had plent iful provision, a splendid home, a beaut iful and right eous wife, and he was and st ill is spoken of highly, for everyone loves him and regards him as a friend. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Qat adah and ot hers said: "He obeyed Allah in all ways.'' This is like t he Ayah,

び ヴｚプヱ∠ ン͡グャｚや ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And of Ibrahim who fulfilled all.) (53:37) He did all t hat he was commanded t o do and obeyed his Lord t o t he ut most . Allah says:

リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴプ͡ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢∠ヱぴ び∠リΒ͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや (and We grant ed him his reward in t his world; and verily, in t he Hereaft er he is indeed among t he right eous.) And He says:

リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ゅ⇔わレ͡ ⇒∠ホ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Verily, Ibrahim was an Ummah, Qanit t o Allah, a Hanif, and he was not one of t he idolat ors) unt il:

び∠リΒ͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and in t he Hereaft er he shall be of t he right eous) (16:120-122).

ゅ∠ョ る∠ ゼ ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほわ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ ゅ⇔デヲ⊥ャヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほわ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ も͡ ぺ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ Α͡キゅ∠ル ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バト ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ィゲあ ャや

ゅ∠レわ͡ ∇もや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠ヲィ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ゲ∠ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ びリ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ͡ル∇ゲダ ⊥ ルや (28. And (remember) Lut , when he said t o his people: "You commit immoral sins which none has preceded you in (commit t ing) it in all creat ures.'') (29. "Verily, you pract ice sodomy wit h men, and rob t he wayfarer! And pract ice Al-Munkar in your meet ings.'' But his people gave no answer except t hat t hey said: "Bring Allah's t orment upon us if you are one of t he t rut hful.'') (30. He said: "My Lord! Give me vict ory over t he people who are corrupt .'')

The preaching of Lut and what happened between Him and His People Allah t ells us t hat His Prophet Lut , peace be upon him, denounced his people for t heir evil deed and t heir immoral act ions in having int ercourse wit h males, a deed which none of t he sons of Adam had ever commit t ed before t hem. As well as doing t his, t hey also disbelieved in Allah and rej ect ed and opposed His Messenger, t hey robbed wayfarers, t hey would lie in wait on t he road, kill people and loot t heir possessions.

び∠ゲム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ Α͡キゅ∠ル ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And pract ice Al-Munkar in your meet ings.) This means, ` in your gat herings you do and say t hings t hat are not befit t ing, and you do not denounce one anot her for doing such t hings.' Some said t hat t hey used t o have int ercourse wit h one anot her in public; t his was t he view of Muj ahid. Some said t hat t hey used t o compet e in passing gas and laughing. This was t he view of ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, and Al-Qasim. Some of t hem said t hat t hey used t o make rams fight one anot her, or organize cockfight s. They used t o do all of t hese t hings, and t hey were even eviler t han t hat .

ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ∇もや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠ヲィ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ び∠リΒ͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (But his people gave no answer except t hat t hey said: "Bring Allah's t orment upon us if you are one of t he t rut hful.'') This is indicat ive of t heir disbelief, scornful at t it ude and st ubbornness. So Allah's Prophet asked for help against t hem, and said:

び∠リΑ͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ͡ル∇ゲダ ⊥ ルや ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ (My Lord! Give me vict ory over t he people who are corrupt .)

ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ン∠ゲ∇ゼら⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ べ∠レヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ -リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ る͡ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヲ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ヰョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔デヲ⊥ャ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ -リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒∠ピ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レｚ Β∠ イ あ レ∠ レ⊥ ャ∠ ベ ∠ ゅ∠ッヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ￢∠ ヴ͡シ ゅ⇔デヲ⊥ャ ゅ∠レヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠ィ ラ∠ぺ べｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ヲぁイレ∠ ョ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま ∇ラゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ブガ ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ⇔ハ∇ケク∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ゅｚル͡ま - リ ∠ Αゲ͡ら⇒∠ピ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ マ ∠ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ゴ∇ィケ͡ る͡ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャゴ͡ レ⊥ョ る⇔ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ べ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ミゲ∠ ゎｚ ギ∠ボャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ⊥ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ (31. And when Our messengers came t o Ibrahim wit h t he glad t idings t hey said: "Verily, we are going t o dest roy t he people of t his t own; t ruly, it s people have been wrongdoers.'') (32. Ibrahim said: "But t here is Lut in it .'' They said: "We know bet t er who is t here. We will verily, save him and his family - except his wife, she will be of t hose who remain behind.'') (33. And when Our messengers came t o Lut , he was grieved because of t hem, and felt st rait ened on t heir account . They said: "Have no fear, and do not grieve! Truly, we shall save you and your family except your wife: she will be of t hose who remain behind.'') (34. "Verily, we are about t o bring down on t he people of t his t own a great t orment from t he sky, because t hey have been rebellious.'') (35. And indeed We have left t hereof an evident Ayah for a folk who underst and.)

The Angels went to Ibrahim and then to Lut, may peace be upon them both When Lut , peace be upon him, asked Allah t o help him against t hem, Allah sent angels t o help him. They first came t o Ibrahim in t he form of guest s, so he offered t hem hospit alit y in t he appropriat e manner. When he saw t hat t hey had no int erest in t he food, he felt some mist rust of t hem and was fearful of t hem. They st art ed t o calm him down and gave him t he news of a right eous son born by his wife Sarah, who was present , and she was ast onished by t his, as we have already explained in our Tafsir of Surat Hud and Surat Al-Hij r. When t hey brought t his news t o Ibrahim and t old him t hat t hey were sent t o dest roy t he people of Lut , he began t o speak up for t hem, hoping t o win more t ime for t hem so t hat t hey might be guided by Allah. When t hey said, "We have come t o dest roy t he people of t his t ownship,''

ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔デヲ⊥ャ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒∠ピ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レｚ Β∠ イ あ レ∠ レ⊥ ャ∠ ((Ibrahim) said: "But t here is Lut in it .'' They said: "We know bet t er who is t here. We will verily, save him and his family except his wife, she will be of t hose who remain behind.'') meaning, one of t hose who will be dest royed, because she used t o support t hem in t heir disbelief and wrongdoing. Then t he angels left him and visit ed Lut in t he form of handsome young men. When he saw t hem like t hat ,

びゅ⇔ハ∇ケク∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ∠ベゅ∠ッ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ￢∠ ヴ͡シぴ (he was grieved because of t hem, and felt st rait ened on t heir account .) means, he was worried since if he had t hem as guest s t hen he was afraid for t hem and what his people might do t o t hem, but if he did not host t hem, he was st ill afraid of what might happen t o t hem. At t hat point he did not know who t hey were.

∠ベゅ∠ッ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ￢∠ ヴ͡シ ゅ⇔デヲ⊥ャ ゅ∠レヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠ィ ラ∠ぺ べｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ポ ∠ ヲぁイレ∠ ョ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま ∇ラゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ブガ ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ⇔ハ∇ケク∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ゅｚル͡ま - リ ∠ Αゲ͡ら⇒∠ピ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ マ ∠ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ゴ∇ィケ͡ る͡ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャゴ͡ レ⊥ョ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ⊥ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ (They said: "Have no fear, and do not grieve! Truly, we shall save you and your family except your wife: she will be of t hose who remain behind. Verily, we are about t o bring down on t he people of t his t own a great t orment from t he sky, because t hey have been rebellious.'') Jibril, peace be upon him, uproot ed t heir t own from t he dept hs of t he eart h, lift ed it up t o t he sky, t hen t hrew it upside down upon t hem. Allah rained upon t hem:

ゅ∠ル∇ゲト ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠プ͡ ゅ∠シ ゅ∠ヰΒ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ハ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ギ∠ レ͡ハ る⇔ ョ∠ ヲｚ ジ ∠ ョぁ - キ∃ ヲ⊥ツ∇レョｚ モ ∃ Βあイシ ͡ リあョ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠イェ ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ び ギ∃ Β͡バら∠ よ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ (st ones of Sij j il, in a well-arranged manner one aft er anot her. Marked from your Lord; and t hey are not ever far from t he evil doers.) ぴ11:82-83び Allah t urned t he place where t hey had lived int o a put rid, st inking lake, which will remain as a lesson t o mankind unt il t he Day of

Resurrect ion, and t hey will be among t hose who are most severely punished on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Allah says:

び⇔るレ∠ Βあ よ∠ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ べ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ミゲ∠ ゎｚ ギ∠ボ∠ャ∠ヱぴ (And indeed We have left t hereof an evident Ayah) i. e., a clear sign, n

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあぴ (for a folk who underst and.) This is like t he Ayah,

Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡エら͡ ∇ダョぁ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲヨ⊥ わ∠ ャｚ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ (Verily, you pass by t hem in t he morning And at night ; will you not t hen reflect ) (37:137-138)

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α メ ∠ ゅボ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ら∇Βバ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠カぺ∠ リ ∠ Α∠ ∇ギョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ぴ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇や∇ヲん∠ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ィ∇ケや∠ヱ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ る⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ィｚゲャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よグｚ ム∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘョ⊥ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨを͡ ゅ∠ィ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ や∠キ (36. And t o Madyan, We sent t heir brot her Shu` ayb. He said: "O my people! Worship Allah and hope for t he last Day, and commit no mischief on t he eart h as mischief-makers.'') (37. And t hey denied him; so t he eart hquake seized t hem, and t hey lay, prost rat e in t heir dwellings.)

Shu` ayb and His People Allah t ells us t hat His servant and Messenger Shu` ayb, peace be upon him, warned his people, t he people of Madyan, and commanded t hem t o worship Allah Alone wit h no part ner or associat e, and t o fear t he wrat h and punishment of Allah on t he Day of Resurrect ion. He said:

び∠ゲカ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ィ∇ケや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Αぴ (O my people! Worship Allah and hope for t he last Day,) Ibn Jarir said: "Some of t hem said t hat t his meant : Fear t he Last Day.'' This is like t he Ayah,

び∠ゲカ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨャあぴ (for t hose who look forward t o (meet ing wit h) Allah and t he Last Day) (60:6).

び∠リΑ͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘョ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇や∇ヲん∠ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and commit no mischief on t he eart h as mischief-makers.) This is forbidding t hem t o make mischief on eart h by spreading corrupt ion, which means going around doing evil t o people. They used t o cheat in weight s and measures, and ambush people on t he road; t his is in addit ion t o t heir disbelief in Allah and His Messenger. So Allah dest royed t hem wit h a might y eart hquake t hat convulsed t heir land, and t he Sayhah (shout ) which t ore t heir heart s from t heir bodies, and t he t orment of t he Day of Shade, when t heir souls were t aken. This was t he t orment of a great day. We have already examined t heir st ory in det ail in Surat Al-A` raf, Surat Hud and Surat Ash-Shu` ara'.

び∠リΒ͡ヨん͡ ⇒∠ィ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ や∠キ ヶ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ぴ (and t hey lay, prost rat e in t heir dwellings.) Qat adah said, "They were dead.'' Ot hers said t hat t hey were t hrown on t op of one anot her.

リ ∠ Αｚ コ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ム͡ ⇒∠ジョｚ リあョ ユ⊥ムャ∠ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎｚ ギ∠ホヱ∠ キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヱ∠ や⇔キゅ∠ハヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギｚ ダ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ホヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲダ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヴ∠シヲぁョ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リｚョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ ル∠グよ͡ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ６Κム⊥ プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ボら͡ ⇒∠シ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ る⊥ エ ∠ ∇Βｚダャや ヮ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ら͡タゅ∠ェ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ホゲ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヘジ ∠カ ∠ ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡∇ヌΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲヨ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ (38. And ` Ad and Thamud! And indeed (t heir dest ruct ion) is clearly apparent t o you from t heir (ruined) dwellings. Shayt an made t heir deeds fair seeming t o t hem, and t urned t hem away from t he pat h, t hough t hey were int elligent .) (39. And Qarun, Fir` awn, and Haman. And indeed

Musa came t o t hem wit h clear Ayat , but t hey were arrogant in t he land, yet t hey could not out st rip Us.) (40. So, We punished each for his sins, of t hem were some on whom We sent a Hasib, and of t hem were some who were overt aken by As-Sayhah, and of t hem were some whom We caused t he eart h t o swallow, and of t hem were some whom We drowned. It was not Allah Who wronged t hem, but t hey wronged t hemselves.)

The Destruction of Nations Who rejected Their Messengers Allah t ells us about t hese nat ions who disbelieved in t heir Messengers, and how He dest royed t hem and sent various kinds of punishment s and vengeance upon t hem. ` Ad, t he people of Hud, peace be upon him, used t o live in t he Ahqaf (curved sand-hills), near Hadramawt , in t he Yemen. Thamud, t he people of Salih, lived in Al-Hij r, near Wadi Al-Qura. The Arabs used t o know t heir dwelling place very well, and t hey of t en used t o pass by it . Qarun was t he owner of great wealt h and had t he keys t o immense t reasures. Fir` awn, t he king of Egypt at t he t ime of Musa, and his minist er Haman were t wo Copt ics who disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger, peace be upon him.

び͡ヮら͡ ル∠グよ͡ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ６Κム⊥ プ∠ ぴ (So, We punished each for his sins,) t heir punishment s fit t heir crimes.

び⇔ゅら͡タゅ∠ェ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ リｚョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ぴ (of t hem were some on whom We sent a Hasib,) This was t he case wit h ` Ad, and t his happened because t hey said: "Who is st ronger t han us'' So, t here came upon t hem a violent , int ensely cold wind, which was very st rong and carried pebbles which it t hrew upon t hem. It carried t hem t hrough t he air, lift ing a man up t o t he sky and t hen hurling him headlong t o t he ground, so t hat his head split and he was left as a body wit hout a head, like uproot ed st ems of dat e palms.

び⊥るエ ∠ ∇Βダ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and of t hem were some who were overt aken by As-Sayhah,) This is what happened t o Thamud, against whom evidence was est ablished because of t he she-camel who came fort h when t he rock was split , exact ly as t hey had asked for. Yet despit e t hat t hey did not believe, rat her t hey persist ed in t heir evil behavior and disbelief, and t hreat ening t o expel Allah's Prophet Salih and t he believers wit h him, or t o st one t hem. So t he Sayhah st ruck t hem, t aking away t heir powers of speech and movement .

び∠チ∇ケｘΙや ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヘジ ∠カ ∠ ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and of t hem were some whom We caused t he eart h t o swallow,) This refers t o Qarun who t ransgressed, he was evil and arrogant . He disobeyed his Lord, t he Most High, and paraded t hrough t he land in a boast ful manner, filled wit h self-admirat ion, t hinking t hat he was bet t er t han ot hers. He showed off as he walked, so Allah caused t he eart h t o swallow him and his house, and he will cont inue sinking int o it unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion.

びゅ∠レ∇ホゲ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and of t hem were some whom We drowned.) This refers t o Fir` awn, his minist er Haman and t heir t roops, all of whom were drowned in a single morning, not one of t hem escaped.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡∇ヌΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (It was not Allah Who wronged t hem,) in what He did t o t hem,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but t hey wronged t hemselves.) t hat happened t o t hem as a punishment for what t hey did wit h t heir own hands.

モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グ∠ガゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ぴ ろ ⊥ ∇Βら∠ ャ∠ ͡れヲ⊥Βら⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ワ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔わ∇Βよ∠ ∇れグ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や れ ͡ ヲ⊥らム∠ レ∠バ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ れ ͡ ヲ⊥らム∠ レ∠バ∇ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰヤ⊥ボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ゅ∠ヰよ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツル∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ん∇ョΙ ｘやマ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠バ∇ャや (41. The parable of t hose who seek prot ect ors from ot her t han Allah is t hat of a spider who builds a house; but indeed, t he weakest of houses is t he spider's house -- if t hey but knew.) (42. Verily, Allah knows what t hings t hey invoke inst ead of Him. He is t he All-Might y, t he AllWise.) (43. And t hese are t he examples We give for mankind; but none will underst and t hem except t hose who have knowledge (of Allah).)

Likening the gods of the Idolators to the House of a Spider This is how Allah described t he idolat ors in t heir reverence of gods besides Him, hoping t hat t hey would help t hem and provide for t hem, and t urning t o t hem in t imes of difficult ies. In t his regard, t hey were like t he house of a spider, which is so weak and frail, because by clinging t o t hese gods t hey were like a person who holds on t o a spider's web, who does not gain any benefit from t hat . If t hey knew t his, t hey would not t ake any prot ect ors besides Allah. This is unlike t he Muslim believer, whose heart is devot ed t o Allah, yet he st ill does right eous deeds and follows t he Laws of Allah, for he has grasped t he most t rust wort hy handle t hat will never break because it is so st rong and firm. Then Allah warns t hose who worship ot hers besides Him

and associat e ot hers wit h Him t hat He knows what t hey do and t he rivals t hey associat e wit h Him. He will punish t hem for t heir at t ribut ion, for He is All-Wise and All-Knowing. Then He says:

Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰヤ⊥ボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ゅ∠ヰよ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツル∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ん∇ョΙ ｘや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲヨ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠バ∇ャや (And t hese are t he examples We give for mankind; but none will underst and t hem except t hose who have knowledge.) meaning, no one underst ands t hem or ponders t hem except t hose who are possessed of deep knowledge. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Amr bin Murrah said, "I never came across an Ayah of t he Book of Allah t hat I did not know, but it grieved me, because I heard t hat Allah says:

Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰヤ⊥ボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ゅ∠ヰよ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツル∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ん∇ョΙ ｘや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠バ∇ャや (And t hese are t he examples We give for mankind; but none will underst and t hem except t hose who have knowledge. )''

ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ や∠ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ∇ゎや - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ る⇔ Α∠ Γ マ ∠ ャ͡ク リ ͡ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヰ∇レゎ∠ り∠ ヲヤ∠ダ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ͡ ホ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ミグ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠ゼ∇エヘ∠ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ダゎ∠ (44. Allah creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h wit h t rut h. Verily, t herein is surely a sign for t hose who believe.) (45. Recit e what has been revealed t o you of t he Book, and perform t he Salah. Verily, t he Salah prevent s from Al-Fahsha' (immoral sins) and Al-Munkar (evil deeds) and t he remembering (praising) of Allah is great er indeed. And Allah knows what you do.) Allah t ells us of His immense power, t hat He creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h wit h t rut h, meaning for a higher purpose t han mere play,

びヴ∠バ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ン∠ゴ∇イわ⊥ ャ͡ぴ (t hat every person may be rewarded for t hat which he st rives) (20:15).

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン͡ゴ∇イΑ͡ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥￢ゅ∠シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン ∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ びヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ (t hat He may requit e t hose who do evil wit h t hat which t hey have done, and reward t hose who do good, wit h what is best ) (53:31).

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ る⇔ Α∠ Γ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t herein is surely a sign for t hose who believe. ) meaning, t here is clear evidence t hat Allah is alone in creat ing, cont rolling, and in His divinit y.

The Command to convey the Message, to recite the Qur'an and to pray Then Allah commands His Messenger and t he believers t o recit e t he Qur'an, which means bot h recit ing it and conveying it t o people.

￢͡ べ∠ゼ∇エヘ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヰ∇レゎ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ͡ ホ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ゲら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ミグ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ (and perform t he Salah. Verily, t he Salah prevent s from Al-Fahsha' and Al-Munkar and t he remembrance of Allah is great er indeed.) Prayer includes t wo t hings: t he first of which is giving up immoral behavior and evil deeds, i.e., praying regularly enables a person t o give up t hese t hings. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said: "A man came t o t he Prophet and said, ` So-and-so prays at night , but when morning comes, he st eals.' The Prophet said:

«メヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ロ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レΒ∠ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡» (What you are saying (i.e., t he Salah) will st op him from doing t hat .)'' Prayer also includes t he remembering of Allah, which is t he higher obj ect ive, Allah says:

び⊥ゲら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ミグ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and t he remembrance of Allah is great er indeed.) more import ant t han t he former.

び∠ラヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ダゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah knows what you do.) means, He knows all t hat you do and say. Abu Al-` Aliyah comment ed on t he Ayah:

び͡ゲム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠ゼ∇エヘ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヰ∇レゎ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he Salah prevent s from immoral sins and evil wicked deeds) "Prayer has t hree at t ribut es, and any prayer t hat cont ains none of t hese at t ribut es is not t ruly prayer: Being done purely and sincerely for Allah alone (Ikhlas), fear of Allah, and remembrance of Allah. Ikhlas makes a person do good deeds, fear prevent s him from doing evil deeds, and t he remembrance of Allah is t he Qur'an which cont ains commands and prohibit ions.'' Ibn ` Awn Al-Ansari said: "When you are praying, you are doing good, it is keeping you away from immoral sins and evil wicked deeds and what you are doing is part of t he remembrance of Allah which is great er.''

リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ⇒∠イゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ∀ギ͡ェや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠レヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ (46. And argue not wit h t he People of t he Script ure, except wit h t hat which is bet t er -- except wit h such of t hem as do wrong; and say (t o t hem): "We believe in t hat which has been revealed t o us and revealed t o you; our God and your God is One, and t o Him we have submit t ed.'')

Arguing with the People of the Book What is meant here is t hat anyone who want s t o find out about religion from t hem should argue wit h t hem in a manner t hat is bet t er, as t his will be more effect ive. Allah says:

る͡ ヌ ∠ハ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡ャま͡ ネ ⊥ ∇キやぴ び͡るレ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや (Invit e t o t he way of your Lord wit h wisdom and fair preaching...) (16:125) And Allah said t o Musa and Harun when he sent t hem t o Fir` awn:

び ヴ∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚ∠バャｚ ゅ⇔レあΒャｚ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ∠ ヲ⊥ボプ∠ ぴ (And speak t o him mildly, perhaps he may accept admonit ion or fear.) (20:44) Allah says here:

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ

(except wit h such of t hem as do wrong;) meaning, t hose who t urn away from t he t rut h, t urning a blind eye t o clear evidence, being st ubborn and arrogant . In t his case you should progress from debat e t o combat , fight ing t hem in such a way as t o det er t hem from commit t ing aggression against you. Allah says:

ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ギ∠ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ャ∇ゴル∠ぺヱ∠ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ュ∠ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ び∀ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ∀サ∇ほ∠よ (Indeed We have sent Our Messengers wit h clear proofs, and revealed wit h t hem t he Script ure and t he Balance t hat mankind may keep up j ust ice. And We brought fort h iron wherein is might y power) unt il: r

び∀ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ ン ｘ ヲ͡ ホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is All-St rong, All-Might y) (57:25). Jabir said: "We were commanded t o st rike wit h t he sword whoever opposes t he Book of Allah.'' And His saying:

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲャ⊥ヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ (and say (t o t hem): "We believe in t hat which has been revealed t o us and revealed t o you;) means, ` if t hey t ell you somet hing which you do not know t o be t rue or false, say t o t hem: We do not hast en t o say it is a lie, because it may be t rue, and we do not hast en t o say it is t rue because it may be false. We believe in it in general, under t he condit ion t hat it has been revealed and has not been alt ered or deliberat ely misint erpret ed.' Imam Al-Bukhari, may Allah have mercy on him, recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The People of t he Book used t o read t he Tawrah in Hebrew and explain it in Arabic t o t he Muslims. The Messenger of Allah said:

:やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ∩∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥よあグム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ やヲ⊥ホあギダ ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» ゅ∠レヰ⊥ ャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ∇ルぺ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ∇ルぺ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ へ «ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ (Do not believe t he People of t he Book and do not deny t hem. Say: "We believe in Allah and what has been revealed t o us and what has been revealed t o you. Our God and your God is One, and t o Him we have submit t ed.'')'' This Hadit h was narrat ed only by Al-Bukhari. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "How can you ask t he People of t he Book about anyt hing, when your Book t hat was revealed t o t he Messenger of Allah is more recent , you read it pure and uncont aminat ed, it t ells you t hat t he People of t he Book alt ered and changed t he Book, t hat t hey writ e t he Book wit h t heir own hands and t hen say, ` This is from Allah,' t o purchace wit h it a small price Should not t he knowledge t hat you have, prevent you from asking t hem No, by

Allah, we have never seen any of t hem asking you about what was sent down t o you.'' AlBukhari recorded t hat Humayd bin ` Abdur-Rahman heard Mu` awiyah t alking t o a group of Quraysh in Al-Madinah. He ment ioned Ka` b Al-Ahbar, and said: "He was one of t he most t rut hful of t hose who narrat ed from t he People of t he Book, even t hough we found t hat some of what he said might be lies.'' I say, t his means t hat some of what he said could be classified linguist ically as lies, but he did not int end t o lie, because he was narrat ing from manuscript s which he t hought were good, but t hey cont ained fabricat ed mat erial, because t hey did not have people who were so conscient ious in memorizing t he Script ures by heart as t he people of t his great Ummah.

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠プ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ョ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヲ⊥ヤ∇わゎ∠ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱゲ͡ヘ⇒∠ム∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ⇒͡よ ギ⊥ エ ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠ゎ∇ケΙ ｚ や⇔ク͡ま マ ∠ レ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ぁトガ ⊥ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∀ろ⇒∠レΒあ よ∠ ∀ろ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤト ͡ ∇らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ギ⊥ エ ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや び (47. And t hus We have sent down t he Book t o you, and t hose whom We gave t he Script ure believe t herein as also do some of t hese and none but t he disbelievers rej ect Our Ayat .) (48. Neit her did you read any book before it nor did you writ e any book wit h your right hand. In t hat case, indeed, t he followers of falsehood might have doubt ed.) (49. Nay, but it is clear Ayat , (preserved) in t he breast s of t hose who have been given knowledge. And none but t he wrongdoers deny Our Ayat .)

Evidence for the Fact that the Qur'an was revealed from Allah Ibn Jarir said: "Allah says, ` j ust as We revealed t he Books t o t he Messengers who came before you, O Muhammad, so We have also revealed t his Book t o you.''' What he said is good and fit s t he cont ext . Allah's saying:

び͡ヮよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠プぴ (and t hose whom We gave t he Script ure believe t herein) means, t hose knowledgable rabbis and scholars among t hem who learned it and recit ed it properly, such as ` Abdullah bin Salam, Salman Al-Farisi and ot hers like t hem.

び͡ヮよ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ョ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (as also believe t herein some of t hese) meaning, t he Quraysh Arabs and ot hers.

び∠ラヱゲ͡ヘ⇒∠ム∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ⇒͡よ ギ⊥ エ ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and none but t he disbelievers rej ect Our Ayat .) No one disbelieves and rej ect s t hem except t hose who conceal t he t rut h wit h falsehood, and t hose who t ry t o hide t he rays and light of t he sun by t heir covering an eye. Then Allah says:

ヮ⊥ ぁトガ ⊥ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わゎ∠ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∠マレ͡ Βヨ͡ Β∠ よ͡ (Neit her did you read any book before it (t his Qur'an) nor did you writ e any book wit h your right hand. ) meaning, ` you lived among your people for a long t ime before you brought t his Qur'an. During t his t ime you never read any book or wrot e anyt hing. Your people, as well as ot hers all know t hat you are an unlet t ered man who does not read or writ e.' This is how he was also described in t he previous Script ures, as Allah says:

ン͡グャｚや ヴ ｚ ョあ Ε ⊥や ヴ ｚ ら͡ レｚャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ モ ͡ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱ り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ⇔よヲ⊥わ∇ムョ∠ ヮ⊥ ∠ルヱ⊥ギ͡イ∠Α び͡ゲム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇レ∠Α∠ヱ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ワゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ (Those who follow t he Messenger, t he Prophet , t he unlet t ered about whom t hey find writ t en wit h t hem in t he Tawrah and t he Inj il, -- he commands t hem wit h good; and forbids t hem from evil.) (7:157) This is how t he Messenger of Allah will remain unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, unable t o writ e even one line or one let t er. He used t o have scribes who would writ e down t he revelat ion for him, or would writ e let t ers from him t o be sent t o different places. Allah's saying:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤト ͡ ∇らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠ゎ∇ケΙ ｚ や⇔ク͡まぴ (In t hat case, indeed, t he followers of falsehood might have doubt ed.) means, ` if you had been lit erat e, some ignorant people would have doubt ed you. They would have said t hat you learned t his from Books inherit ed from t he Prophet s which came before.' Indeed, t hey did say t hat , even t hough t hey knew t hat he was unlet t ered and could not read or writ e.

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇ヨゎ⊥ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰら∠ わ∠ わ∠ ∇ミや ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡タぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ (And t hey say: "Tales of t he ancient s, which he has writ t en down, and t hey are dict at ed t o him morning and aft ernoon.'') (25:5) Allah says:

れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゲｚ ジ あ ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ (Say: "It has been sent down by Him Who knows t he secret of t he heavens and t he eart h) (25:6). And Allah says here:

∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∀ろ⇒∠レΒあ よ∠ ∀ろ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ び∠ユ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや (Nay, but it is (Quran), t he clear Ayat , (preserved) in t he breast s of t hose who have been given knowledge.) meaning, t his Qur'an is clear Ayat which indicat e t he t rut h, commands, prohibit ions and st ories. It is memorized by t he scholars for whom Allah makes it easy t o memorize, recit e and int erpret . This is like t he Ayah,

び ゲ∃ ミ͡ ギｚ ョぁ リ͡ョ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ミグあ ヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∇ゲジ ｚ Α∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have indeed made t he Qur'an easy t o underst and and remember; t hen is t here any one who will remember) (54:17). The Messenger of Allah said:

ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ へ ゅ∠ョ ヶ ∠ト ͡ ∇ハぺ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヶ ∠ ら͡ ル∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» ぶ ⊥ や ロ⊥ ゅ∠ェ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔Β∇ェ∠ヱ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ ヵ͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ゲゼ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや «ゅ⇔バ͡よゅ∠ゎ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ∩ｚヶャ∠ま͡ (There has never been any Prophet who was not given t hat which would make people believe in him. What I have been given is revelat ion which Allah reveals t o me, and I hope t hat I will have t he most followers among t hem.) According t o t he Hadit h of ` Iyad bin Himar, recorded in Sahih Muslim, Allah says:

ゅ∠ャ ゅ⇔よゅ∠わミ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀メ͡ゴ∇レョ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∠マよ͡ モ ∃ わ∠ ∇らョ⊥ ヱ∠ ∠マΒ͡ヤ∠わ∇らョ⊥ ヶあルま͡» «ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヌ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ͡もゅ∠ル ロ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ ∩⊥￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ジ ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ("I am t est ing you and t est ing ot hers t hrough you, revealing t o you a Book which cannot be washed away by wat er, which you recit e while you are asleep and while you are awake.'') This means, if t he manuscript where it is writ t en were t o be washed wit h wat er, t here is no need for t hat manuscript . This is because it is preserved in t he heart s and is easy on t he t ongue (i.e., is easy t o recit e), and is cont rolling people's heart s and minds. It is miraculous in it s wording and in it s meanings. In t he previous Script ures t his Ummah was described as carrying t heir holy Books in t heir heart s.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ギ⊥ エ ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And none but t he wrongdoers deny Our Ayat ) Nobody denies it or t ries t o undermine it s st at us or rej ect s it except t he wrongdoers, i.e., t he arrogant t ransgressors who know t he t rut h but t urn away from it , as Allah says:

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ユ∠ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る∃ Α∠ や￢ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ (Truly, t hose, against whom t he Word (wrat h) of your Lord has been j ust ified, will not believe. Even if every sign should come t o t hem, unt il t hey see t he painful t orment .) (10:96-97)

ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ヮ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∀ろ⇒∠Αや￢ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘや マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ べｚル∠ぺ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ ャ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レ∇Βよ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ (50. And t hey say: "Why are not signs sent down t o him from his Lord'' Say: "The signs are only wit h Allah, and I am only a plain warner.'') (51. Is it not sufficient for t hem t hat We have sent

down t o you t he Book which is recit ed t o t hem Verily, herein is mercy and a reminder for a people who believe.) (52. Say: "Sufficient is Allah for a wit ness bet ween me and you. He knows what is in t he heavens and on t he eart h.'' And t hose who believe in falsehood, and disbelieve in Allah, it is t hey who are t he losers.)

The Idolators' demand for Signs, and the Response Allah t ells us how t he idolat ors st ubbornly demanded signs, meaning t hat t hey want ed signs t o show t hem t hat Muhammad was indeed t he Messenger of Allah, j ust as Salih was given t he sign of t he she-camel. Allah says:

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say) -- ` O Muhammad' --

び͡ヮヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (The signs are only wit h Allah) meaning, ` t he mat t er rest s wit h Allah, and if He knew t hat you would be guided, He would respond t o your request , because it is very easy for Him t o do t hat . Yet He knows t hat you are merely being st ubborn and put t ing me t o t he t est , so He will not respond t o you.' This is like t he Ayah,

ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲルぁ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レバ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ヌ ∠ プ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ダ ͡ ∇らョ⊥ る∠ ホ∠ ゅｚレャや キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱｚ Ι ｘや (And not hing st ops Us from sending t he Ayat but t hat t he people of old denied t hem. And We sent t he she-camel t o Thamud as a clear sign, but t hey did her wrong) (17:59).

び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and I am only a plain warner) means, ` I have been sent t o you only as a warner t o bring a clear warning; all I have t o do is convey t he Message of Allah t o you. '

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∇モヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ギ͡ わ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ リ∠ョぴ びや⇔ギセ ͡ ∇ゲョぁ ゅ６Βャ͡ヱ∠ (He whom Allah guides, he is t he right ly-guided; but he whom He sends ast ray, for him you will find no guide t o lead him.) (18:17)

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ギワ⊥ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ

(Not upon you is t heir guidance, but Allah guides whom He wills) (2:272). Then Allah shows us how ignorant and foolish t hey were when t hey demanded a sign t o prove t o t hem t hat what Muhammad had brought t o t hem was t rue. He brought t hem a great Book which falsehood cannot reach, neit her from before it or behind it , it was great er t han all ot her miracles, for t he most eloquent of men could not mat ch it or produce t en Surahs, or even one Surah like it .

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べｚル∠ぺ ∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Is it not sufficient for t hem t hat We have sent down t o you t he Book which is recit ed t o t hem) means, ` is it not sufficient as a sign for t hem t hat We have sent down t o you t his great Book which t ells t hem about what happened before t heir t ime, what will happen aft er t hey are gone, and passes j udgement bet ween t hem. Even t hough you are an unlet t ered man who can neit her read nor writ e, and you have not mixed wit h any of t he People of t he Book. Yet you brought t hem news of what was said in t he first Script ures showing what is right in t he mat t ers t hat t hey disput e over, and bringing clear and obvious t rut h. ' As Allah says:

ヴ͡レよ∠ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ヨヤ∠ハ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ リ⊥ムΒ∠ ∇ヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び∠モΑ͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ (Is it not a sign t o t hem t hat t he learned scholars of t he Children of Israel knew it (t o be t rue)) (26:197)

る⊥ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ る∃ Α∠ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゅ∠レΒ͡ゎ∇ほ∠Α Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや ブ ͡ エ ⊥ダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ (They say: "Why does he not bring us a sign from his Lord'' Has t here not come t o t hem t he proof of t hat which is in t he former Script ures) (20:133) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

れ ͡ ゅ∠Αべ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヶ ∠ト ͡ ∇ハぺ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヶ ∠ ら͡ ル∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» ヮ⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ ヵ͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ゲゼ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ へ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んョ͡ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ∩ヶ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ぶ ⊥ や ロ⊥ ゅ∠ェ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔Β∇ェ∠ヱ «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ⇔バ͡よゅ∠ゎ (There is no Prophet who was not given some miracles t hat would make t he people believe in him. What I have been given is revelat ion which Allah reveals t o me, and I hope t hat I will have t he great est number of followers on t he Day of Resurrect ion.)'' It was also recorded by AlBukhari and Muslim. Indeed Allah has said:

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, herein is mercy and a reminder for a people who believe.) In t his Qur'an t here is mercy, t hat is, explanat ion of t he t rut h and removal of falsehood, and a reminder t o t he believers of t he punishment t hat is t o come t o t he disbelievers and sinners. Then Allah says:

び⇔やギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レ∇Βよ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Sufficient is Allah for a wit ness bet ween me and you...'') ` He knows best t he words of denial t hat you ut t er, and he knows what I am t elling you about Him and t hat He has sent me. If I were t elling lies about Him, He would have execut ed His vengeance upon me,' as Allah says elsewhere:

ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠Ε ∠ -モ ͡ Α͡ヱゅ∠ホΙ ｘやヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ヲｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ゎヲ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇バト ∠ ボ∠ ャ∠ ｚユを⊥ - リ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ びリ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ⇒∠ェ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ g(And if he had forged a false saying concerning Us, We surely would have seized him by his right hand, and t hen We cert ainly would have cut off his aort a, and none of you could have wit hheld Us from (punishing) him.) (69:44-47). ` But I am t elling t he t rut h in what I say t o you about Him, so He has support ed me wit h clear miracles and definit ive evidence.'

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ぴ (He knows what is in t he heavens and t he eart h.) means, not hing is hidden from Him at all.

ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや (And t hose who believe in falsehood, and disbelieve in Allah, it is t hey who are t he losers.) means, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hey will be punished for what t hey did, and will get what t hey j ust ly deserve for rej ect ing t he t rut h and following falsehood, for disbelieving in t he Messengers of Allah even when t here was proof t hat t hey were t elling t he t rut h, and for worshipping false gods wit h no evidence. Allah will punish t hem for all t hat , for He is All-Wise and All-Knowing.

ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∀ィ ∠ ぺ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ͡イ∇バ∠わ∇ジ∠Α∠ヱぴ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠イャｚ ∀るト ∠ Β͡エヨ⊥ ャ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョ ゆ ⊥ やグ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャゅ͡よ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥ク メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ ろ ͡ ∇エゎ∠ (53. And t hey ask you t o hast en on t he t orment , and had it not been for a t erm appoint ed, t he t orment would cert ainly have come t o t hem. And surely, it will come upon t hem suddenly while t hey perceive not !) (54. They ask you t o hast en on t he t orment . And verily, Hell, of a suret y, will encompass t he disbelievers.) (55. On t he Day when t he t orment shall cover t hem from above t hem and from beneat h t heir feet , and it will be said: "Tast e what you used t o do.'')

Allah t ells us how t he idolat ors st ubbornly demanded signs, meaning t hat t hey want ed signs t o show t hem t hat Muhammad was indeed t he Messenger of Allah, j ust as Salih was given t he sign of t he she-camel. Allah says:

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say) -- ` O Muhammad' --

び͡ヮヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (The signs are only wit h Allah) meaning, ` t he mat t er rest s wit h Allah, and if He knew t hat you would be guided, He would respond t o your request , because it is very easy for Him t o do t hat . Yet He knows t hat you are merely being st ubborn and put t ing me t o t he t est , so He will not respond t o you.' This is like t he Ayah,

ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲルぁ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レバ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ヌ ∠ プ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ダ ͡ ∇らョ⊥ る∠ ホ∠ ゅｚレャや キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱｚ Ι ｘや (And not hing st ops Us from sending t he Ayat but t hat t he people of old denied t hem. And We sent t he she-camel t o Thamud as a clear sign, but t hey did her wrong) (17:59).

び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(and I am only a plain warner) means, ` I have been sent t o you only as a warner t o bring a clear warning; all I have t o do is convey t he Message of Allah t o you. '

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∇モヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ギ͡ わ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ リ∠ョぴ びや⇔ギセ ͡ ∇ゲョぁ ゅ６Βャ͡ヱ∠ (He whom Allah guides, he is t he right ly-guided; but he whom He sends ast ray, for him you will find no guide t o lead him.) (18:17)

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ギワ⊥ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ (Not upon you is t heir guidance, but Allah guides whom He wills) (2:272). Then Allah shows us how ignorant and foolish t hey were when t hey demanded a sign t o prove t o t hem t hat what Muhammad had brought t o t hem was t rue. He brought t hem a great Book which falsehood cannot reach, neit her from before it or behind it , it was great er t han all ot her miracles, for t he most eloquent of men could not mat ch it or produce t en Surahs, or even one Surah like it .

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べｚル∠ぺ ∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Is it not sufficient for t hem t hat We have sent down t o you t he Book which is recit ed t o t hem) means, ` is it not sufficient as a sign for t hem t hat We have sent down t o you t his great Book which t ells t hem about what happened before t heir t ime, what will happen aft er t hey are gone, and passes j udgement bet ween t hem. Even t hough you are an unlet t ered man who can neit her read nor writ e, and you have not mixed wit h any of t he People of t he Book. Yet you brought t hem news of what was said in t he first Script ures showing what is right in t he mat t ers t hat t hey disput e over, and bringing clear and obvious t rut h. ' As Allah says:

ヴ͡レよ∠ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ヨヤ∠ハ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ リ⊥ムΒ∠ ∇ヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び∠モΑ͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ (Is it not a sign t o t hem t hat t he learned scholars of t he Children of Israel knew it (t o be t rue)) (26:197)

る⊥ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ る∃ Α∠ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゅ∠レΒ͡ゎ∇ほ∠Α Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや ブ ͡ エ ⊥ダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ (They say: "Why does he not bring us a sign from his Lord'' Has t here not come t o t hem t he proof of t hat which is in t he former Script ures) (20:133) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

れ ͡ ゅ∠Αべ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヶ ∠ト ͡ ∇ハぺ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヶ ∠ ら͡ ル∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» ヮ⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ ヵ͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ゲゼ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ へ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んョ͡ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ∩ｚヶャ∠ま͡ ぶ ⊥ や ロ⊥ ゅ∠ェ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔Β∇ェ∠ヱ «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ⇔バ͡よゅ∠ゎ (There is no Prophet who was not given some miracles t hat would make t he people believe in him. What I have been given is revelat ion which Allah reveals t o me, and I hope t hat I will have t he great est number of followers on t he Day of Resurrect ion.)'' It was also recorded by AlBukhari and Muslim. Indeed Allah has said:

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, herein is mercy and a reminder for a people who believe.) In t his Qur'an t here is mercy, t hat is, explanat ion of t he t rut h and removal of falsehood, and a reminder t o t he believers of t he punishment t hat is t o come t o t he disbelievers and sinners. Then Allah says:

び⇔やギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レ∇Βよ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Sufficient is Allah for a wit ness bet ween me and you...'') ` He knows best t he words of denial t hat you ut t er, and he knows what I am t elling you about Him and t hat He has sent me. If I were t elling lies about Him, He would have execut ed His vengeance upon me,' as Allah says elsewhere:

ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠Ε ∠ -モ ͡ Α͡ヱゅ∠ホΙ ｘやヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ヲｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ゎヲ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇バト ∠ ボ∠ ャ∠ ｚユを⊥ - リ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ びリ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ⇒ェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ g(And if he had forged a false saying concerning Us, We surely would have seized him by his right hand, and t hen We cert ainly would have cut off his aort a, and none of you could have wit hheld Us from (punishing) him.) (69:44-47). ` But I am t elling t he t rut h in what I say t o you about Him, so He has support ed me wit h clear miracles and definit ive evidence.'

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ぴ (He knows what is in t he heavens and t he eart h.) means, not hing is hidden from Him at all.

ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや (And t hose who believe in falsehood, and disbelieve in Allah, it is t hey who are t he losers.) means, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hey will be punished for what t hey did, and will get what t hey j ust ly deserve for rej ect ing t he t rut h and following falsehood, for disbelieving in t he Messengers of Allah even when t here was proof t hat t hey were t elling t he t rut h, and for worshipping false gods wit h no evidence. Allah will punish t hem for all t hat , for He is All-Wise and All-Knowing.

ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∀ィ ∠ ぺ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ͡イ∇バ∠わ∇ジ∠Α∠ヱぴ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠イャｚ ∀るト ∠ Β͡エヨ⊥ ャ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャゅ͡よ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥ク メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ ろ ͡ ∇エゎ∠ (53. And t hey ask you t o hast en on t he t orment , and had it not been for a t erm appoint ed, t he t orment would cert ainly have come t o t hem. And surely, it will come upon t hem suddenly while t hey perceive not !) (54. They ask you t o hast en on t he t orment . And verily, Hell, of a suret y, will encompass t he disbelievers.) (55. On t he Day when t he t orment shall cover t hem from above t hem and from beneat h t heir feet , and it will be said: "Tast e what you used t o do.'')

Allah t ells us of t he ignorance of t he idolat ors and how t hey asked for t he punishment of Allah t o be hast ened so t hat it would befall t hem quickly. This is like t he Ayah,

ポ ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ∇もや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠イェ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ゲト ͡ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ び ユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ (And when t hey said: "O Allah! If t his is indeed t he t rut h from You, t hen rain down st ones on us from t he sky or bring on us a painful t orment .'') (8:32). And Allah says here:

ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∀ィ ∠ ぺ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ͡イ∇バ∠わ∇ジ∠Α∠ヱぴ び⊥ゆや∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠イャｚ (And t hey ask you t o hast en on t he t orment , and had it not been for a t erm appoint ed, t he t orment would cert ainly have come t o t hem.) Were it not for t he fact t hat Allah has decreed t hat t he punishment should be delayed unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, t he t orment would have come upon t hem quickly as t hey demanded. Then Allah says:

ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∀ィ ∠ ぺ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠イャｚ ∀るト ∠ Β͡エヨ⊥ ャ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャゅ͡よ (And surely, it will come upon t hem suddenly while t hey perceive not ! They ask you t o hast en on t he t orment . And verily, Hell, of a suret y, will encompass t he disbelievers.) means, ` t hey ask you t o hast en on t he punishment , but it will undoubt edly befall t hem.'

ろ ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョ ゆ ⊥ や∠グ∠バ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ (On t he Day when t he t orment (Hellfire) shall cover t hem from above t hem and from beneat h t heir feet ,) This is like t he Ayah,

び∃スや∠ヲビ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ∀キゅ∠ヰョ͡ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ぴ (Theirs will be a bed of Hell, and over t hem coverings (of Hell-fire)) (7:41).

び∀モヤ∠ニ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀モ∠ヤニ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (They shall have coverings of Fire, above t hem and coverings (of Fire) beneat h t hem) (39:16).

リ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヲぁヘム⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ び∇ユ͡ワ͡ケヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ リ∠ハ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥

(If only t hose who disbelieved knew (t he t ime) when t hey will not be able t o ward off t he Fire from t heir faces, nor from t heir backs) (21:39). The Fire will cover t hem from all sides, which is more effect ive as a physical punishment .

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥ク メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and it will be said: "Tast e what you used t o do.'') This is a t hreat and a rebuke, which is a form of psychological punishment , as in t he Ayah,

∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥ク ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴプ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らエ ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び ケ∃ ギ∠ ボ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま - ゲ∠ ボ∠ シ ∠ ザ ｚ ョ∠ (The Day t hey will be dragged on t heir faces int o t he Fire (it will be said t o t hem): "Tast e you t he t ouch of Hell!'' Verily, We have creat ed all t hings wit h a measurement .) (54:48-49)

ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ - ゅ６ハキ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ル ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲぁハギ∠ Α⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ュぺ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゲ∀ ∇エジ ͡ プ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ヴ͡わャｚや ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ダゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プ ゅ∠ワ∇ヲヤ∠∇タや - ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ダ∇らゎ⊥ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シ (The Day when t hey will be pushed down by force t o t he fire of Hell, wit h a horrible, forceful pushing. This is t he Fire which you used t o deny. Is t his magic or do you not see Ent er you t herein (t ast e you t herein it s heat ) and whet her you are pat ient of it or impat ient of it , it is all t he same. You are only being requit ed for what you used t o do.) (52:13-16)

ン ∠ ゅｚΑみ͡プ∠ る∀ バ∠ シ ͡ や∠ヱ ヴ͡ッ∇ケぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ Α∠ ぴ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや る⊥ ボ∠ も͡ へ∠ク ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ - ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ゅ⇔プ∠ ゲ∠ ビ ⊥ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ も∠ ヲあ ら∠ レ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ Β͡ヤヨ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ユ∠ ∇バル͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘや Ι ｚ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リあョ リあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠

ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ヰホ∠ ∇コケ͡ モ ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇エゎ∠ び ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや (56. O My servant s who believe! Cert ainly, spacious is My eart h. Therefore worship Me.) (57. Everyone shall t ast e deat h. Then unt o Us you shall be ret urned.) (58. And t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, t o t hem We shall surely give loft y dwellings in Paradise, beneat h which rivers flow, t o live t herein forever. Excellent is t he reward for t he workers.) (59. Those who are pat ient , and put t heir t rust in t heir Lord.) (60. And so many a moving creat ure carries not it s own provision! Allah provides for it and for you. And He is t he All-Hearer, t he AllKnower.)

Advice to migrate and the Promise of Provision and a Goodly Reward Allah commands His believing servant s t o migrat e from a land in which t hey are not able t o est ablish Islam, t o t he spacious eart h of Allah where t hey can do so, by declaring Allah t o be One and worshipping Him as He has commanded. Allah says:

ン ∠ ゅｚΑみ͡プ∠ る∀ バ∠ シ ͡ や∠ヱ ヴ͡ッ∇ケぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ Α∠ ぴ びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ (O My servant s who believe! Cert ainly, spacious is My eart h. Therefore worship Me.) When t hings became t oo difficult for t he believers in Makkah who were in a weak posit ion and were oppressed, t hey left and migrat ed t o Et hiopia, where t hey were able t o pract ice t heir religion. The Muslims found Et hiopia t he best place for guest ; where Ashamah, t he Negus or king, may Allah have mercy on him, gave t hem refuge, helped t hem, support ed t hem, and honored t hem in his land. Lat er, t he Messenger of Allah and his remaining Companions migrat ed t o AlMadinah, formerly known as Yat hrib, may Allah prot ect it . Then Allah says:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや る⊥ ボ∠ も͡ へ∠ク ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ (Everyone shall t ast e deat h. Then unt o Us you shall be ret urned.) meaning, ` wherever you are, deat h wit h cat ch up wit h you, so always obey Allah and be where Allah commands you t o be, for t his is bet t er for you. Deat h is inevit able and t here is no escape from it , and t hen you will ret urn t o Allah, and whoever was obedient t o Him will have t he best reward.' Allah says:

リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ も∠ ヲあ ら∠ レ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び⊥ゲ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ゅ⇔プ∠ ゲ∠ ビ ⊥ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや

(And t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, t o t hem We shall surely give loft y dwellings in Paradise, underneat h which rivers flow,) meaning, ` We shall cause t hem t o dwell in loft y homes in Paradise under which various kinds of rivers flow -- wat er, wine, honey and milk -- which t hey can direct and cause t o flow wherever t hey wish.'

びべ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カぴ (t o live t herein forever.) means, t hey will remain t here forever, never want ing t o leave.

び∠リΒ͡ヤヨ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ユ∠ ∇バル͡ ぴ (Excellent is t he reward for t he workers.) t hese rooms will be a blessed reward for t he good deeds of t he believers,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who are pat ient ,) in adhering t o t heir religion, who migrat ed for t he sake of Allah and fought t he enemy, leaving behind t heir families and relat ives t o seek Allah's Face, and hoping for t hat which is wit h Him, believing His promise. Ibn Abi Hat im, may Allah have mercy on him, recorded from Abu Mu` aniq Al-Ash` ari t hat Abu Malik Al-Ash` ari t old him t hat t he Messenger of Allah t old him:

∩ゅ∠ヰレ͡ デ ͡ ゅ∠よ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ ワ͡ ゅ∠ニ ン∠ゲΑ⊥ ゅ⇔プゲ∠ ビ ⊥ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡» ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ワギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワゲ͡ ワ͡ ゅ∠ニ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰレ⊥ ͡デゅ∠よ∠ヱ り∠ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ノ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ゎヱ∠ ∩∠ュゅ∠ヤム∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ュゅ∠バト ｚ ャや ユ∠ バ∠ ∇デぺ∠ «ュゅ∠Βル͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャゅ͡よ ュ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∩∠ュゅ∠Βダ あ ャや∠ヱ (In Paradise t here are rooms whose out side can be seen from t he inside, and t heir inside can be seen from t he out side; Allah has prepared t hem for t hose who feed ot hers, who speak well, who pray and fast cont inually, and who st and in prayer at night while people are asleep.)

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (and put t heir t rust in t heir Lord.) in all t heir affairs, spirit ual and worldly alike. Then Allah t ells us t hat provision is not limit ed only t o one place, but it is given t o all His creat ures no mat t er where t hey are. Indeed, when t he Muhaj irin migrat ed, t heir provision was great er and bet t er t han before, because aft er a short t ime t hey became rulers in t he land, in all regions. Allah says:

びゅ∠ヰホ∠ ∇コケ͡ モ ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ｚ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リあョ リあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And so many a moving creat ure carries not it s own provision!) meaning, it does not have t he abilit y t o gat her it s provision and save it for t omorrow.

び∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (Allah provides for it and for you.) means, Allah allot s it s provision t o it even t hough it is weak, and makes it easy for it . He sends provision t o every creat ure in t he appropriat e manner, even t he ant s in t he dept hs of t he eart h, t he birds in t he air and t he fish in t he sea. Allah says:

ゅ∠ヰホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ゅ∠ヰハ ∠ キ∠ ∇ヲわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワゲｚ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ び (And no moving creat ure is t here on eart h but it s provision is due from Allah. And He knows it s dwelling place and it s deposit . All is in a Clear Book.) (11:6)

び⊥ユΒ͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He is t he All-Hearer, t he All-Knower.) means, He hears all t hat His servant s say and He knows t heir every movement s.

チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ リ͡ゃ∠ャ∠ヱぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムプ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヴｚルほ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ャ⊥ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ ヱ∠ ケ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ベ ∠ ∇コゲあ ャや テ ⊥ジ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ リ͡ゃャ∠ヱ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ヤハ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ェほ∠プ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ∠ ゴｚ ルｚ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇モよ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ｚ ャ⊥ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠

(61. And if you were t o ask t hem: "Who has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h and subj ect ed t he sun and t he moon'' They will surely reply: "Allah.'' How t hen are t hey deviat ing) (62. Allah expands t he provision for whom He wills of His servant s, and st rait ens it for whom (He wills). Verily, Allah is t he All-Knower of everyt hing.) (63. And if you were t o ask t hem: "Who sends down wat er from t he sky, and gives life t herewit h t o t he eart h aft er it s deat h'' They will surely reply: "Allah.'' Say: "All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah!'' Nay, most of t hem have no sense.)

Evidences of Tawhid Allah st at es t hat t here is no God but He. The idolat ors who worshipped ot hers besides Him recognized t hat He was t he sole creat or of t he heavens and eart h, t he sun and t he moon, alt ernat ing t he night and day. They acknowledged t hat He was t he Creat or Who provided for His servant s and decreed how long t hey should live. He made t hem and t heir provision different , so t hat some were rich and some were poor, and He knew best what was suit able for each of t hem, who deserved t o be rich and who deserved t o be poor. So, Allah st at ed t hat He has alone creat ed everyt hing, and t hat He alone is cont rolling t hem -- if t his is how it is, t hen why worship anyone else Why put one's t rust in anyone else Since dominion is His Alone, t hen let worship be for Him Alone. Allah oft en est ablishes His divinit y by referring t o t heir acknowledgement of His Unique Lordship, because t he idolat ors used t o acknowledge His Lordship, as t hey said in t heir Talbiyah (during Haj j and ` Umrah: "At Your service, You have no part ner, except t he part ner t hat You have, and You possess him and what ever he has.''

ケ∠ やｚギャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ょ ∀ バ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∀ヲ∇ヰ∠ャ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ や∠クみ͡プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ラ ⊥ や∠ヲΒ∠ エ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ ャ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや リ ∠ Αあギャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ダヤ͡∇ガョ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ ハ ∠ キ∠ マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥らミ͡ ケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΒ∠ ャ͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クま͡ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅｚイル∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠バ∠Α フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ヨよ͡ (64. And t his life of t he world is only an amusement and a play! Verily, t he home of t he Hereaft er -- t hat is t he life indeed, if t hey but knew.) (65. And when t hey embark on a ship, t hey invoke Allah, making t heir fait h pure for Him only, but when He brings t hem safely t o land, behold, t hey give a share of t heir worship t o ot hers.) (66. So t hat t hey become ingrat e for t hat which We have given t hem, and t hat t hey t ake t heir enj oyment , but t hey will come t o know.)

Allah tells us how insignificant and transient this world is, and how it will soon end. All that it is, is amusement and play:

び⊥ラや∠ヲΒ∠ エ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ ャ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ケ∠ やｚギャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (Verily, t he home of t he Hereaft er -- t hat is t he life indeed,) means, t he t rue everlast ing life t hat will never end, but will cont inue forever and ever.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ (if t hey but knew.) means, t hey would prefer t hat which will last over t hat which will pass away. Then Allah says t hat at t imes of calamit y, t he idolat ors call upon Him alone, wit h no part ner or associat e, so why do t hey not do t hat all t he t ime

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ダヤ͡∇ガョ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ ハ ∠ キ∠ マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥らミ͡ ケ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ び∠リΑあギャや (And when t hey embark on a ship, t hey invoke Allah, making t heir fait h pure for Him only,) This is like t he Ayah,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ リ∠ョ モ ｚッ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゲぁ ツ ぁ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚジョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ッゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚイル∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ロ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ Ι ∠ ま͡ (And when harm t ouches you upon t he sea, t hose t hat you call upon vanish from you except Him (Allah Alone). But when He brings you safely t o land, you t urn away) (17:67). Allah says here:

び∠ラヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クま͡ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅｚイル∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (but when He brings t hem safely t o land, behold, t hey give a share of t heir worship t o ot hers.) Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed from ` Ikrimah bin Abi Jahl t hat when t he Messenger of Allah conquered Makkah, he (` Ikrimah) ran away, fleeing from him. When he was on t he sea, headed for Et hiopia, t he ship st art ed t o rock and t he crew said: "O people, pray sincerely t o your Lord alone, for no one can save us from t his except Him.'' ` Ikrimah said: "By Allah, if t here is none who can save us on t he sea except Him, t hen t here is none who can save us on land except Him eit her, O Allah, I vow t o You t hat if I come out of t his, I will go and put my hand in t he hand of Muhammad and I will find him kind and mercif ul.'' And t his is what indeed did happen.

び∇やヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ム∠Β͡ャぴ (So t hat t hey become ingrat e for t hat which We have given t hem, and t hat t hey t ake t heir enj oyment ,)

ブ ⊥ ト ｚガ ∠ わ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ⇔ゅレ͡ョや￢ ゅ⇔ョ∠ゲェ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ モ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡らプ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや

ゅ⇔よ͡グミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ン⇔ヲ∇んョ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ͡プ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠レヤ∠ら⊥ シ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰレ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レΒ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャあ びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ノ∠ ヨ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ (67. Have t hey not seen t hat We have made a secure sanct uary, while men are being snat ched away from all around t hem Then do t hey believe in falsehood, and deny t he graces of Allah) (68. And who does more wrong t han he who invent s a lie against Allah or denies t he t rut h, when it comes t o him Is t here not a dwelling in Hell for t he disbelievers) (69. As for t hose who st rive hard for Us, We will surely guide t hem t o Our pat hs. And verily, Allah is wit h t he doers of good.)

The Blessing of the Sanctuary Here Allah reminds Quraysh how He blessed t hem by grant ing t hem access t o His sanct uary which He has made (open) t o (all) men, t he dweller in it and t he visit or from t he count ry are equal t here, and whoever ent ers it is safe, because he is in a place of great securit y, alt hough t he Arabs of t he desert round about used t o ambush and raid one anot her and kill one anot her. As Allah says:

ブ ͡ ∇Βダ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠わゼ あ ャや る∠ ヤ∠∇ェケ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ヤΑ͡ま - ズ ∃ ∇Αゲ∠ ホ⊥ ブ ͡ ⇒∠ヤΑ͡Ηぴ リあョ ユ⊥ヰヨ∠ バ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや - ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゆ ｚ ケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バ∠Β∇ヤ∠プ びフ ∃ ∇ヲカ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ネ ∃ ヲ⊥ィ (For t he prot ect ion of t he Quraysh. The caravans t o set fort h safe in wint er and in summer. So let t hem worship t he Lord of t his House. Who has fed t hem against hunger, and has made t hem safe from fear.) (106:1-4)

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ モ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡らプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Then do t hey believe in falsehood, and deny t he graces of Allah) means, is t he t hanks t hat t hey give for t his immense blessing t o associat e ot hers wit h Him and worship ot hers besides Him, idols and rivals

ケ∠ や∠キ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲぁヤェ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャギｚ よ∠ ぴ び͡ケやヲ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや (Have you not seen t hose who have changed t he blessings of Allah int o disbelief, and caused t heir people t o dwell in t he house of dest ruct ion) (14:28) They disbelieved in t he Prophet , servant and Messenger of Allah , when what t hey should have done was t o worship Allah Alone and not associat e anyt hing wit h Him, and t o believe in, honor and respect t he Messenger, but t hey rej ect ed him and fought him, and expelled him from t heir midst . So, Allah t ook His blessing away from t hem, and killed t hose of t hem whom He killed at Badr, t hen His Messenger and t he believers gained t he upper hand, and Allah enabled His Messenger t o conquer Makkah, and He disgraced t hem and humiliat ed t hem (t he disbelievers). Then Allah says:

ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔よ͡グミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ロ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (And who does more wrong t han he who invent s a lie against Allah or denies t he t rut h, when it comes t o him) There is no one who will be more severely punished t han one who t ells lies about Allah and says t hat Allah revealed somet hing t o him at t he t ime when Allah did not reveal anyt hing t o him, or says, ` I shall reveal somet hing like t hat which Allah revealed.' And t here is no one who will be more severely punished t han one who denies t he t rut h when it comes t o him, for t he former is a fabricat or and t he lat t er is a disbeliever. Allah says:

び∠リΑ͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャあ ン⇔ヲ∇んョ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ͡プ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Is t here not a dwelling in Hell for t he disbelievers) Then Allah says:

びゅ∠レΒ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (As for t hose who st rive hard for Us,) meaning t he Messenger and his Companions and t hose who follow him, unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion,

びゅ∠レヤ∠ら⊥ シ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰレ∠ ャ∠ぴ (We will surely guide t hem t o Our pat hs. ) means, ` We will help t hem t o follow Our pat h in t his world and t he Hereaft er.' Ibn Abi Hat im narrat ed t hat ` Abbas Al-Hamdani Abu Ahmad -- one of t he people of ` Akka (Palest ine) -- said, concerning t he Ayah:

ノ∠ ヨ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠レヤ∠ら⊥ シ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰレ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レΒ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや

(As for t hose who st rive hard for Us (in Our cause), We will surely guide t hem t o Our pat hs. And verily, Allah is wit h t he doers of good.) "Those who act upon what t hey know, Allah will guide t hem t o t hat which t hey do not know.'' Ahmad bin Abu Al-Hawari said, "I t old t his t o Abu Sulayman Ad-Darani, and he liked it and said: ` No one who is inspired t o do somet hing good should do it unt il he hears a report concerning t hat ; if he hears a report t hen he should go ahead and do it , and praise Allah because it was in accordance wit h what he himself felt .'''

び∠リΒ͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ノ∠ ヨ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, Allah is wit h t he doers of good.) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ash-Sha` bi said; "Isa bin Maryam, peace be upon him, said: ` Right eousness means doing good t o t hose who ill-t reat you, it does not mean doing good t o t hose who do good t o you.''' And Allah knows best . This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-` Ankabut . All praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Ar-Rum (Chapter - 30) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

-リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ユャやぴ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡ ∇Εゅ͡よヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ わ∠ カ ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ͡ レ⊥ゎ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ケグ∠ ルぺ∠￢∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ バ͡ ∇ヨシ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヌハ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∀り∠ヲ⇒∠ゼ͡ビ

(1. Alif Lam Mim.) (2. The Romans have been defeat ed.) (3. In t he nearest land, and t hey, aft er t heir defeat , will be vict orious.) (4. In Bid` i years. The decision of t he mat t er, before and aft er is only wit h Allah. And on t hat day, t he believers will rej oice) (5. Wit h t he help of Allah. He helps whom He wills, and He is t he All-Might y, t he Most Merciful.) (6. A promise from Allah, and Allah fails not in His promise, but most men know not .) (7. They know only t he out er appearance of t he life of t he world, and t hey are heedless of t he Hereaft er.)

Foretelling the Victory of the Romans These Ayat were revealed about t he vict ory of Sabur, t he king of Persia, over Ash-Sham (Great er Syria), t he adj oining part isan st at es of t he Arabian Peninsula, and t he out lying regions of t he land of t he Romans. Heraclius, t he emperor of t he Romans, was forced t o flee t o Const ant inople where he was besieged for a lengt hy period. Then Heraclius regained t he upper hand. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, comment ed on t his Ayah:

ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ユャやぴ び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ (Alif Lam Mim. The Romans have been defeat ed. In t he nearest land,) He said, "They were defeat ed and t hen t hey were vict orious.'' He said, "The idolat ors want ed t he Persians t o prevail over t he Romans, because t hey were idol worshippers, and t he Muslims want ed t he Romans t o prevail over t he Persians, because t hey were People of t he Book. This was ment ioned t o Abu Bakr, who ment ioned it t o t he Messenger of Allah . The Messenger of Allah said:

«ラヲ⊥らヤ͡∇ピΒ∠ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ ゅ∠ョぺ∠» (They will cert ainly prevail.) Abu Bakr ment ioned t his t o t he idolat ors, and t hey said, "Set a t ime limit for t hat , and if we prevail, we will get such and such; and if you prevail, you will get such and such.'' So he set a limit of five years, and t hey (t he Romans) did not prevail. Abu Bakr ment ioned t hat t o t he Messenger of Allah and he said:

« ゲ͡ ∇ゼバ∠ ∇ャや :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ロ⊥ や∠ケぺ⊥ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» (Why do you not make it less t han) ぴI (t he narrat or) t hink he meant less t han t enび. Sa` id bin Jubayr said: "Bid` means less t han t en.'' Then t he Romans were vict orious, and he said, "That is what Allah said:

-リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ユャやぴ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠

- ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡ ∇Εゅ͡よヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Alif Lam Mim. The Romans have been defeat ed. In t he nearest land, and t hey, aft er t heir defeat , will be vict orious. In Bid` i years. The decision of t he mat t er, before and aft er is only wit h Allah. And on t hat day, t he believers will rej oice -- wit h t he help of Allah. He helps whom He wills, and He is t he All-Might y, t he Most Merciful.) This was also recorded by At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i. At -Tirmidhi said: "Hasan Gharib.''

Another Hadith Abu ` Isa At -Tirmidhi recorded t hat Niyar bin Mukram Al-Aslami said: "When t he following Ayat were revealed:

-リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ユャやぴ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや び∠リΒ͡レシ ͡ ノ͡ ∇ツよ͡ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ (Alif Lam Mim. The Romans have been defeat ed. In t he nearest land, and t hey, aft er t heir defeat , will be vict orious. In Bid` years.) on t he day t hey were revealed, t he Persians were prevailing over t he Romans. The Muslims want ed t he Romans t o prevail over t hem (t he Persians), because t hey were bot h people who followed a Book. Concerning t his Allah said:

ギ⊥ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ リ ∠ Β͡レシ ͡ ノ͡ ∇ツよ͡ ヴ͡プぴ リ∠ョ ゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠Α ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ダレ∠ よ͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゥ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ び ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ (And on t hat day, t he believers will rej oice -- wit h t he help of Allah. He helps whom He wills, and He is t he All-Might y, t he Most Merciful.) The Quraysh, on t he ot her hand, want ed t he Persians t o prevail, because neit her of t hem were people who followed a Book and neit her of t hem believed in t he Resurrect ion. When Allah revealed t hese Ayat , Abu Bakr went out proclaiming t hroughout Makkah:

ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ユャやぴ び∠リΒ͡レシ ͡ ノ∠ ∇ツら͡ ∇ヨヰ͡ ら͡ ヤ∠ビ ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ワヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ (Alif Lam Mim. The Romans have been defeat ed. In t he nearest land, and t hey, aft er t heir defeat , will be vict orious. In Bid` years.) Some of t he Quraysh said t o Abu Bakr: ` This is (a bet ) bet ween us and you. Your companion claims t hat t he Romans will defeat t he Persians wit hin t hree t o nine years, so why not have a bet on t hat bet ween us and you' Abu Bakr said, ` Yes.' This was before bet t ing had been forbidden. So, Abu Bakr and t he idolat ors made a bet , and t hey said t o Abu Bakr: ` What do you t hink, Bid` means somet hing bet ween t hree and nine years, so let us agree on t he middle.' So t hey agreed on six years. Then six years passed wit hout t he Romans being vict orious, so t he idolat ors t ook what t hey had bet wit h Abu Bakr. When t he sevent h year came and t he Romans were finally vict orious over t he Persians, t he Muslims rebuked Abu Bakr for agreeing on six years. He said: ` Because Allah said: "In Bid` years.''' At t hat t ime, many people became Muslim.'' This is how it was narrat ed by At -Tirmidhi, t hen he said, "This is a Hasan Hadit h.''

Who were the Romans

びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Βプ͡ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ユャやぴ (Alif Lam Mim. The Romans have been defeat ed.) We have already discussed t he separat e let t ers which appear at t he beginning of some Surahs in t he beginning of our Tafsir of Surat AlBaqarah. Wit h regard t o t he Romans (Ar-Rum), t hey are t he descendent s of Al-` Iys bin Ishaq bin Ibrahim. They are t he cousins of t he Children of Isra'il, and are also known as Bani Al-Asfar. They used t o followed t he religion of t he Greeks, who were descendent s of Yafit h bin Nuh, t he cousins of t he Turks. They used t o worship t he seven planet s, and t hey prayed facing t he direct ion of t he Nort h Pole. It is t hey who founded Damascus and built it s t emple in which t here is a prayer niche facing nort h. The Romans followed t his religion unt il approximat ely t hree hundred years aft er t he t ime of t he Messiah. The king who ruled Great er Syria along wit h t he Fert ile Crescent (semicircle of fert ile land from Syrian Desert t o Persian Gulf) was called Caesar. The first of t hem t o ent er t he Christ ian religion was Const ant ine t he son of Cost as, whose mot her was Maryam Al-Hilaniyyah Ash-Shadqaniyyah, from t he land of Harran. She had become Christ ian before him, and she invit ed him t o her religion. Before t hat he had been a philosopher, t hen he followed her. It was said t hat t his was merely an out ward show of belief. Then t he Christ ians met wit h him. During his t ime t hey debat ed wit h ` Abdullah bin Ariyus (Arius) and great differences arose which could not be reconciled. Then a gat hering of t hree hundred and eight een bishops reached an agreement , and present ed t heir creed t o Const ant ine. This is what t hey call t he Great Trust , but in fact it is t he Worst Bet rayal. They present ed t o him t heir laws, i.e., books of rulings on what was lawful and prohibit ed, and ot her t hings t hat t hey needed. They changed t he religion of t he Messiah (peace be upon him), adding some t hings and t aking some t hings away. They began praying t owards t he East , and changed t he Sabbat h (Sat urday) rit es t o Sunday. They worshipped t he cross, permit t ed eat ing of pigs, adopt ed innovat ed observances such as t he fest ival of t he cross, Mass, bapt ism, et c., Palm Sunday and ot her occasions. They appoint ed a pope, as t heir leader, and pat riarchs, met ropolit ans, bishops, priest s and deacons, and t hey invent ed monast icism. The king built churches and places of worship for t hem, and he founded t he cit y which is named aft er him, Const ant inople. It was said t hat during his t ime t welve t housand churches were built , t hree places of prayer in Bet hlehem, and t hat his mot her built t he Church of t he Holy Sepulchre.

These are t he ones who followed t he religion of t he kings. Then aft er t hem came t he Jacobit es, followers of Ya` qub Al-Askaf, t hen t he Nest orians, t he followers of Nest orius. There are many groups and sect s among t hem, as t he Messenger of Allah said:

«る∠ホ∇ゲ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ∇をや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥ホゲ∠ わ∠ ∇プや ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡» (They split int o sevent y t wo sect s.) The point here is t hat t hey cont inued t o follow Christ ianit y. Every t ime one Caesar died, anot her succeeded him, unt il t he last of t hem, Heraclius, came t o power. He was a wise man, one of t he most ast ut e and int elligent of kings, who had deep insight and well-formed opinions. His was a great and glorious reign. He was opposed by Chosroes, t he king of Persia and of regions such as Iraq, Khurasan, Ar-Riy and all t he lands of t he Persians. His name was Sabur Dhul-Akt af, and his kingdom was great er t han t he kingdom of Caesar. He was t he leader of t he Persians and was as st ubborn as t he Persians who were Zoroast rian fire worshippers.

How Caesar defeated Chosroes (Kisra) It was previously report ed t hat ` Ikrimah said: "Chosroes sent his deput y and his army against Caesar, and t hey fought .'' It is well-known t hat Chosroes himself fought in t he army t hat invaded his land, and he defeat ed Caesar and overwhelmed him unt il he had not hing left except t he cit y of Const ant inople, where Chosroes besieged him for a long t ime, unt il t hings became very difficult for him. He was highly venerat ed among t he Christ ians, and Chosroes was not able t o conquer t he cit y because it was well fort ified, and half of it faced t he land while t he ot her half faced t he sea, from where supplies were able t o reach t hem. Aft er t his had gone on for a long t ime, Caesar t hought of a clever t rick. He asked Chosroes t o let him leave his cit y in ret urn for money given as a peace-offering, on what ever t erms he (Chosroes) want ed. Chosroes agreed t o t hat and asked for a huge amount of wealt h -- gold, j ewels, fabric, servant women, servant s, and much more -- such t hat no king on eart h could ever pay. Caesar went along wit h t hat and gave him t he impression t hat he had all t hat he had asked for, alt hough he t hought he was crazy for asking for such a t hing, because even if t he t wo of t hem were t o combine all of t heir wealt h, it would not amount t o even one-t ent h of t hat . He asked Chosroes t o let him go out of t he cit y t o Ash-Sham and t he ot her regions of his kingdom, so t hat he could gat her t hat from his st orehouses and places where his wealt h was buried. Chosroes let him go, and when Caesar was about t o leave Const ant inople, he gat hered his people t oget her and t old t hem: "I am going out on a mission I have decided t o do so wit h some soldiers I have select ed from my army; if I come back t o you before one year passes, I will st ill be your king but if I do not come back aft er t hat , you will have t he choice. Then, if you wish, you may remain loyal t o me, or if you wish you may appoint someone inst ead of me. Signs of Tawhid Allah t ells us t hat pondering His creat ion will show t hat He exist s and t hat He is Unique in creat ing it , and t hat t here is no god nor lord besides Him. So He says:

び∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Do t hey not reflect upon t hemselves) Thinking and pondering how Allah creat ed various t hings in t he upper and lower realms and in t he space bet ween, realizing t hat t his was not creat ed in j est or in vain, but in t rut h, and t hat it will cont inue unt il an appoint ed t ime, t he Day of Resurrect ion, as Allah says:

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒ム∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ボヤ͡よ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(And indeed many of mankind deny meet ing wit h t heir Lord.) Then Allah t ells us of t he t rut h of t he Message brought by t he Messengers and how He support ed t hem wit h miracles and clear signs, such as when He dest royed t hose who disbelieved in t hem and saved t hose who believed in t hem.

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒジ∠Α ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Do t hey not t ravel in t he land) means, ` do t hey not underst and and t hink and see and hear about t he people of t he past ' Allah says:

∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Βプ∠ ぴ び⇔りヲｚ ホ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ (and see what was t he end of t hose before t hem They were superior t o t hem in st rengt h, ) meaning, ` t he nat ions of t he past who came before you were st ronger t han you t o whom Muhammad has been sent ; t hey had more wealt h and more sons. You have not been given onet ent h of what t hey were given. They st ayed longer in t his world t han you will st ay. They were more civilized t han you and were more prosperous in t he land t han you.' Yet despit e all t hat , when t heir Messengers came t o t hem wit h clear signs, while t hey were enj oying t heir life of luxury, Allah punished t hem for t heir sins and t hey had no one who could prot ect t hem from Allah. Their wealt h and sons could not prot ect t hem from t he wrat h of Allah in t he slight est , and Allah was not at all unj ust t owards t hem when He sent His punishment upon t hem.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but t hey used t o wrong t hemselves.) They brought dest ruct ion upon t hemselves, when t hey rej ect ed and mocked t he signs of Allah. All of t his only happened because of t heir previous sins and t heir rej ect ion (of t he Messengers). Allah says:

∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ラ∠ぺ ン∠￢ヲぁジャや ∇やヱ⊥￢ゅ∠シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや る∠ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ｚユを⊥ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥もゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ (Then evil was t he end of t hose who did evil, because t hey denied t he Ayat of Allah and made a mockery of t hem.) This is like t he Ayat :

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ ょ ⊥ あヤボ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ グ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ (And We shall t urn t heir heart s and t heir eyes away, as t hey refused t o believe t herein for t he first t ime, and We shall leave t hem in t heir t respass t o wander blindly.) (6:110),

び∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや パ ∠ や∠コぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ビや∠コ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (So when t hey t urned away, Allah t urned t heir heart s away.) (61:5),

ユ⊥ヰら∠ Β͡ダΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇ハゅ∠プ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ヂ ͡ ∇バら∠ よ͡ (And if t hey t urn away, t hen know t hat Allah's will is t o punish t hem for some sins of t heirs) (5:49). It was said t hat t he meaning of t he phrase

びン∠￢ヲぁジャや ∇やヱ⊥￢ゅ∠シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや る∠ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then evil was t he end of t hose who did evil,) is t hat evil was t heir inevit able end, because t hey rej ect ed t he signs of Allah and made fun of t hem. This is t he view of Ibn Jarir, which he recorded from Ibn ` Abbas and Qat adah. Ibn Abi Hat im also recorded it from t hem and from AdDahhak bin Muzahim. This is t he apparent meaning -- and Allah knows best -- of t he phrase:

び∠ラヲ⊥もゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and made a mockery of t hem.)

- ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ぺ⊥ギ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ リ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ザ ⊥ ヤ͡∇らΑ⊥ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ ゼ ⊥ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ￢⊥ ゅ∠バヘ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホゲｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅジ ｚ ャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇エΑ⊥ る∃ ッ ∠ ∇ヱケ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｚ や ￢͡ べ∠ボャ͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲツ ∠ ∇エョ⊥

(11. Allah originat es t he creat ion, t hen He will repeat it , t hen t o Him you will be ret urned.) (12. And on t he Day when t he Hour will be est ablished, t he criminals will be plunged int o dest ruct ion wit h despair.) (13. No int ercessors will t hey have from t hose whom t hey made equal wit h Allah, and t hey will rej ect and deny t heir part ners.) (14. And on t he Day when t he Hour will be est ablished -- t hat Day shall t hey be separat ed.) (15. Then as for t hose who believed and did right eous good deeds, such shall be honored and made t o enj oy a luxurious life in a Garden of Delight .) d(16. And as for t hose who disbelieved and denied Our Ayat , and t he meet ing of t he Hereaft er, such shall be brought fort h t o t he t orment .) Allah said:

び⊥ロギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ぺ⊥ギ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (Allah originat es t he creat ion, t hen He will repeat it ,) Just as He was able t o creat e it in t he first place, so He is also able t o repeat it .

び∠ラヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen t o Him you will be ret urned.) on t he Day of Resurrect ion, when each will be requit ed according t o his deeds. Then Allah says:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ザ ⊥ ヤ͡∇らΑ⊥ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And on t he Day when t he Hour will be est ablished, t he criminals will be plunged int o dest ruct ion wit h despair.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "The sinners will be filled wit h despair.'' Muj ahid said, "The sinners will be exposed;'' according t o anot her report he said, "The sinners will grieve.''

び⊥￢ゅ∠バヘ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ リ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (No int ercessors will t hey have from t hose whom t hey made equal wit h Allah,) means, t he gods whom t hey used t o worship inst ead of Allah will not int ercede for t hem; t hey will rej ect t hem and bet ray t hem despit e t heir desperat e need of t hem. Then Allah says:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホゲｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And on t he Day when t he Hour will be est ablished -- t hat Day shall (all men) be separat ed.) Qat adah said: "By Allah, t his refers t o t he separat ion aft er which t here will be no reunion.'' In ot her words, if one person is t aken up t o t he highest height s and anot her is sent down t o t he lowest dept hs of Hell, t hat is t he last t hey will ever see of one anot her. Allah says:

ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇エΑ⊥ る∃ ッ ∠ ∇ヱケ∠

(Then as for t hose who believed and did right eous good deeds, such shall be honored and made t o enj oy a luxurious life in a Garden of Delight .) Muj ahid and Qat adah said, "This means, t hey will enj oy a life of luxury.''

- ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エら͡ ∇ダゎ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ェヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジ∇ヨゎ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らジ ⊥ プ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Β͡ェヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ゼ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ Βあヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヰ͡ ∇ヌゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヰゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ Βあ ヨ∠ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ∠ ∇ガゎ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ (17. So glorify Allah, when you ent er t he evening, and when you ent er t he morning.) (18. And His is all t he praise in t he heavens and t he eart h; and in ` Ashiyya and when Tuzhirun.) (19. He brings out t he living from t he dead, and brings out t he dead from t he living. And He revives t he eart h aft er it s deat h. And t hus shall you be brought out .)

The Command to pray Five Times Daily Here Allah glorifies Himself and commands His servant s t o glorify and praise Him at t hese t imes which come one aft er t he ot her and are indicat ive of His might and power in t he heavens. This is when t he night comes wit h it s darkness, t hen in t he morning t he day comes wit h it s light . This glorificat ion is followed by befit t ing praise, as Allah says:

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And His is all t he praise in t he heavens and t he eart h;) meaning, He is t he One who is t o be praised for what He has creat ed in t he heavens and on eart h. Then Allah says:

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヰ͡ ∇ヌゎ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ェヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ゼ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and in ` Ashiyya and when Tuzhirun.) -- t he ` Ashiyy is t he t ime when t he darkness is most int ense, and Izhar is t he bright est point of t he day. Glory be t o t he One Who creat ed bot h of t hem, t he Cleaver of t he daybreak and t he One Who makes night a t ime of rest . Allah says:

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒ｚヤィ ∠ や∠クま͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (By t he day as it shows up it s bright ness. By t he night as it conceals it .) (91:3-4)

び ヴｚヤイ ∠ ゎ∠ や∠クま͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ - ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱぴ (By t he night as it envelops. By t he day as it appears in bright ness. ) (92:1-2)

び ヴ∠イシ ∠ や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱ - ヴ∠エツ ぁ ャや∠ヱぴ (By t he forenoon (aft er sunrise). By t he night when it darkens.) (93:1-2) And t here are many similar Ayat .

リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ Βあヨ∠ ∇ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ Βあヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ぴ びあヴエ ∠ ∇ャや (He brings out t he living from t he dead, and brings out t he dead from t he living.) This is what we see of His power t o creat e t hings and t heir opposit es. These Ayat which come one aft er t he ot her are all of t he same; in each of t hem Allah ment ions t he creat ion of t hings and t heir opposit es, t o indicat e t o His creat ion t he perfect ion of His power. Thus He creat es t he plant from t he seed and t he seed from t he plant ; He creat es t he egg from t he chicken and t he chicken from t he egg; He creat es man from sperm and sperm from man; He creat es t he believer from t he disbelievers and t he disbeliever from t he believers.

びゅ∠ヰゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He revives t he eart h aft er it s deat h.) This is like t he Ayat :

ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ΒΒ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ る⊥ わ∠ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚャ ∀る∠Αや∠￢∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ゅ⇔ら∂ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ (And a sign for t hem is t he dead land. We give it life, and We bring fort h from it grains, so t hat t hey eat t hereof.) unt il:

び͡ラヲ⊥Βバ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠ル∇ゲイ ｚ プ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We have caused springs of wat er t o gush fort h t herein. ) (36:33-34)

￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ワ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ン∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ び∃アΒ͡ヰよ∠ ァ ∃ ∇ヱコ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ∇ろわ∠ ら∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ろよ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇れゴｚ わ∠ ∇ワや

(And you see t he eart h barren, but when We send down wat er on it , it is st irred, and it swells and put s fort h every lovely kind.) unt il:

び͡ケヲ⊥らボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and cert ainly, Allah will resurrect t hose who are in t he graves.) (22:5-7)

∇ンギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ⇔ンゲ∇ゼよ⊥ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠Αゲあ ャや モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び⇔Ιゅ∠ボを͡ ゅ⇔よゅ∠エシ ∠ ∇ろヤｚホ∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ (And it is He Who sends t he winds as heralds of glad t idings, going before His mercy. Till when t hey have carried a heavy-laden cloud) unt il:

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (so t hat you may remember or t ake heed.) (7:57) Allah says here:

び∠ラヲ⊥ィゲ∠ ∇ガゎ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hus shall you be brought out .)

ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ へ∠クま͡ ｚユを⊥ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲゎ⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや￢∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ わ∠ レ∠ゎ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ キｚ ヲ∠ ョｚ ユ⊥ムレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レム⊥ ∇ジわ∠ ャあ ゅ⇔ィ∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ びラ ∠ ヱゲ⊥ ムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΕ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ (20. And among His signs is t his t hat He creat ed you from dust , and t hen -- behold you are human beings scat t ered!) (21. And among His signs is t his t hat He creat ed for you wives from among yourselves, t hat you may find repose in t hem, and He has put bet ween you affect ion and mercy. Verily, in t hat are indeed signs for a people who reflect .)

Among the Signs of Allah Allah says:

び͡ヮわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And among His signs) -- which speak of His might and power, is t he fact t hat He creat ed your fat her Adam out of dust .

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ わ∠ レ∠ゎ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ へ∠クま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and t hen -- behold you are human beings scat t ered!) So man's origins lie in dust , t hen in a despised liquid, t hen he is formed and becomes a clot , t hen a lump of flesh, t hen bones in t he form of a human being. Then Allah clot hes t he bones wit h flesh. Then t he soul is breat hed int o him and he can hear and see. Then he comes fort h from his mot her's womb, small and weak, but t he longer he lives, t he st ronger he becomes, unt il he reaches t he age where he can build cit ies and st rongholds, and he t ravels t o different lands and across t he seas, earning a living and amassing wealt h, and he is smart and int elligent and craft y, wit h ideas and opinions of his own, and each one is able t o achieve great t hings in t his world and in t he Hereaft er according t o his individual means. Glory be t o t he One Who has enabled t hem and made it easy for t hem t o learn all kinds of skills for earning a living, and has caused t hem t o vary in t heir levels of knowledge and int ellect ual abilit y, and in how handsome or ugly, rich or poor t hey are, and in whet her t hey are blessed and doomed. Allah says:

ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ へ∠クま͡ ｚユを⊥ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲゎ⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ わ∠ レ∠ゎ (And among His signs is t his t hat He creat ed you from dust , and t hen -- behold you are human beings scat t ered!) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Musa said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ノΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰツ ∠ ら∠ ホ∠ る∃ ツ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ∇リョ͡ ュ∠ キ∠ へ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ケ͡ ∇ギホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ ヲ⊥レよ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠イプ∠ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ∩∠マャ͡ク∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ キ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇シほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ヂ ⊥ Β∠ ∇よほ∠∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ «マ͡ャク∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ⊥ ∇ゴエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ⊥ ∇ヰジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥ょΒあ ト ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゑ ⊥ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (Allah creat ed Adam from a handful t aken from t hroughout t he eart h. Hence t he sons of Adam vary as t he eart h varies, so t hey are whit e and red and black and ぴcolorsび in bet ween, evil and good, easy-going or difficult -- or somet hing in bet ween.)'' This was also recorded by Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi, who said, "This Hadit h is Hasan Sahih.'' Allah said:

び⇔ゅィ∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And among His signs is t his t hat He creat ed for you wives from among yourselves,) meaning, ` He creat ed females of your own kind, t o be wives for you.'

びゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レム⊥ ∇ジわ∠ ャあぴ (t hat you may find repose in t hem,) This is like t he Ayah,

ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘルｚ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ びゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ リ ∠ ム⊥ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∠ィ∇ヱ∠コ (It is He Who has creat ed you from a single person, and He has creat ed from him his wife, in order t hat he might enj oy t he pleasure of living wit h her) (7:189). This refers t o Hawwa'. Allah creat ed her from Adam, from t he short rib on his left . If Allah had made all of Adam's progeny male, and creat ed t he females from anot her kind, such as from Jinn or animals, t here would never have been harmony bet ween t hem and t heir spouses. There would have been revulsion if t he spouses had been from a different kind. Out of Allah's perfect mercy He made t heir wives from t heir own kind, and creat ed love and kindness bet ween t hem. For a man st ays wit h a woman because he loves her, or because he feels compassion t owards her if t hey have a child t oget her, or because she needs him t o t ake care of her, et c.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t hat are indeed signs for a people who reflect .)

ブ ⊥ ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΕ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ル͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ リあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや∠ヱ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よ ユ⊥ムョ⊥ ゅ∠レョ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ れ ∃ ゅ∠ΑΙ ∂ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ (22. And among His signs is t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h, and t he difference of your languages and colors. Verily, in t hat are indeed signs for men of sound knowledge.) (23. And among His signs is your sleep by night and by day, and your seeking His bount y. Verily, in t hat are indeed signs for a people who list en.) Allah said:

び͡ヮわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And among His signs) indicat ing His magnificent power.

び∠チ∇ケΕ ∠ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ぴ (is t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h,) The heavens wit h t heir vast height and bright ness and beaut y of t he st ars and planet s, and t he eart h wit h it s densit y and it s mount ains, valleys, seas, plains, animals and t rees.

び∇ユム⊥ わ͡ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ブ ⊥ ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや∠ヱぴ (and t he difference of your languages) So, we see t hat some speak Arabic, and t he Tat ars have t heir own language, as do t he Georgians, Romans, Franks, Berbers, Tou Couleurs (of Sudan), Et hiopians, Indians, Persians, Slavs, Khazars, Armenians, Kurds and ot hers. Only Allah knows t he variet y of languages spoken among t he sons of Adam. And t he difference of t heir colors ment ioned here refers t o t heir appearance, for all t he people of t his world, from t he t ime t hat Allah creat ed Adam, and unt il t he Hour begins, each of t hem has t wo eyes, t wo eyebrows, a nose, a forehead, a mout h and t wo cheeks, but none of t hem looks like anot her; t here is bound t o be some difference in post ure, appearance and speech, whet her it is apparent or is hidden and can only be not iced wit h careful observat ion. Each face has it s own charact erist ics and does not look like anot her; even if t here was a group of people who looked alike, having a beaut iful or ugly charact erist ic in common, t here would st ill be a difference bet ween one person and t he next .

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΕ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t hat are indeed signs for men of sound knowledge.)

リあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや∠ヱ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よ ユ⊥ムョ⊥ ゅ∠レョ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮヤ͡∇ツプ∠ (And among His signs is your sleep by night and by day, and your seeking of His bount y.) Among His signs is t he cycle of sleep t hat He has creat ed during t he night and t he day, when people are able t o cease moving and rest , so t hat t heir t iredness and exhaust ion will go away. And He has enabled you t o seek t o earn a living and t o t ravel about during t he day, t his is t he opposit e of sleep.

び∠ラヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t hat are indeed signs for a people who list en.) meaning, underst and.

メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バ∠ヨデ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プ∇ヲカ ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ゲら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ヰゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ ͡ ∇エΒ⊥ プ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡

ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΙ ∂ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ り⇔ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ハキ∠ や∠クま͡ ｚユを⊥ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ュ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ へ∠クま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョあ (24. And among His signs is t hat He shows you t he light ning, for fear and for hope, and He sends down wat er from t he sky, and t herewit h revives t he eart h aft er it s deat h. Verily, in t hat are indeed signs for a people who underst and.) (25. And among His signs is t hat t he heaven and t he eart h st and by His command. Then aft erwards when He will call you by a single call, behold, you will come out from t he eart h.) Allah says,

び͡ヮわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And among His signs) which speak of His great ness,

び⇔ゅバ∠ヨデ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プ∇ヲカ ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ゲら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ぴ (He shows you t he light ning, for fear and for hope,) Somet imes you fear t he heavy rain and dest ruct ive t hunderbolt s t hat follow it , and somet imes you feel hope, when you see a flash of light ning, t hat much-needed rain will come. Allah says:

ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ ͡ ∇エΒ⊥ プ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ (and He sends down wat er from t he sky, and t herewit h revives t he eart h aft er it s deat h.) Aft er it was barren, wit h not hing growing t here, t hen t he wat er comes t o it and

び∃アΒ͡ヰよ∠ ァ ∃ ∇ヱコ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ∇ろわ∠ ら∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ろよ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇れゴｚ わ∠ ∇ワやぴ (it is st irred, and it swells and put s fort h every lovely kind (of growt h).) (22:5). In t his is a clear sign and proof of t he resurrect ion and t he coming of t he Hour. Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ i(Verily, in t hat are indeed signs for a people who underst and.) Then Allah says:

び͡ロゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ュ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And among His signs is t hat t he heaven and t he eart h st and by His command.) This is like t he Ayat :

び͡ヮ͡ル∇ク͡み͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ∠ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ジ ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (He wit hholds t he heaven from falling on t he eart h except by His leave) (22: 65).

び∠Ιヱ⊥ゴゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ジ ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah grasps t he heavens and t he eart h lest t hey should move away from t heir places) (35:41). Whenever ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab, may Allah be pleased wit h him, swore an emphat ic oat h, he would say, "No, by t he One by Whose command t he heaven and t he eart h st and,'' i.e., t hey st and firm by His command t o t hem and His subj ugat ion of t hem. Then, when t he Day of Resurrect ion comes, t he Day when t he eart h will be exchanged wit h anot her eart h and t he dead will come fort h from t heir graves, brought back t o life by His command and His call t o t hem,

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ へ∠クま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや リ ∠ ョあ り⇔ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ハキ∠ や∠クま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ (Then aft erwards when He will call you by a single call, behold, you will come out from t he eart h.) This is like t he Ayat :

ラ͡ま ラ ∠ ヲぁレヌ ⊥ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジわ∠ プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャｚ (On t he Day when He will call you, and you will answer wit h His praise and obedience, and you will t hink t hat you have st ayed but a lit t le while!) (17:52)

び り͡ ゲ∠ ワ͡ ゅｚジャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ワ や∠クみ͡プ∠ - り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ∇ィコ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (But it will be only a single Zaj rah. When behold, t hey find t hemselves on t he surface of t he eart h alive aft er t heir deat h. ) (79:13-14), and

ゅ∠レ∇Αギ∠ ャｚ ∀ノΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ エ ∠ ∇Βタ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲツ ∠ ∇エョ⊥ (It will be but a single Sayhah, so behold t hey will all be brought up before Us!) (36:53).

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わレ͡ ⇒∠ホ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ ｘ ミ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ぺ⊥ギ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ヴ∠ヤ∇ハ∠Εや モ ⊥ ん∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ び ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや (26. To Him belongs what ever is in t he heavens and t he eart h. All are obedient t o Him.) (27. And He it is Who originat es t he creat ion, t hen He will repeat it ; and t his is easier for Him. His is t he highest descript ion in t he heavens and in t he eart h. And He is t he All-Might y, t he All-Wise.) Allah says:

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (To Him belongs what ever is in t he heavens and t he eart h.) means, He owns it and it is enslaved t o Him.

び∠ラヲ⊥わレ͡ ⇒∠ホ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ぴ (All are obedient t o Him.) t hey are humble before Him and submit t o Him, whet her willingly or unwillingly.

Repeating the Creation is easier for Allah Allah's saying:

ラ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ぺ⊥ギ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (And He it is Who originat es t he creat ion, t hen He will repeat it ; and t his is easier for Him.) Ibn Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "This means it is easier for Him.'' Muj ahid said: "Repeat ing it is easier for Him t han originat ing it , and originat ing it is easy for Him.'' This was also t he view of ` Ikrimah and ot hers. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Prophet said:

∩∠マャ͡ク∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ⊥ ∇よや ヶ͡レよ∠ グｚ ミ∠ :ぶ ⊥ や メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ» ヵ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ Α͡グ∇ムゎ∠ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ∩∠マャ͡ク∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヶ͡レヨ∠ わ∠ セ ∠ ヱ∠

ペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ヶ͡ルぺ∠ギ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ヶ͡ルギ∠ Β͡バΑ⊥ ∇リャ∠ :ヮ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲボ∠ プ∠ :ヮ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲボ∠ プ∠ ヵ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇わセ ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠ハま͡ ∇リョ͡ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ワほ∠よ͡ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ギヤ͡Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ギ⊥ ヨ∠ ｚダャや ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ほ∠∇ャや ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ギャ∠ヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や «ギ∠ェぺ∠ や⇔ヲヘ⊥ ミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ギャ∠ヲ⊥Α (Allah says; "The son of Adam denied Me, and he had no right t o do so. And he reviled Me, and he had no right t o do so. As for his denying Me, it is his saying: ` He will not remake me as He originat ed me' -- while originat ing t he creat ion is not easier for Me t han re-creat ing him. As for his reviling Me, it is his saying: ` Allah has t aken t o Himself a son,' while I am t he One, t he SelfSufficient Mast er; I beget not , nor was I begot t en, and t here is none comparable t o Me.'') This was recorded only by Al-Bukhari.

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ヴ∠ヤ∇ハ∠Εや モ ⊥ ん∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (His is t he highest descript ion in t he heavens and in t he eart h. ) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed Ibn ` Abbas said, "This is like t he Ayah:

び∀￢∇ヴセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んヨ͡ ミ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ (There is not hing like Him) (42:11).'' Qat adah said: "His descript ion is La ilaha illallah, and t here is no Lord but He.''

ゅｚョ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∇モワ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ぴ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ほプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ヘ∠ Β͡ガミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガゎ∠ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シ ヮ͡ Β͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や モ ͡ よ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘや モ ⊥ あダヘ∠ ル⊥ モ ｚッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲダ ͡ ⇒ｚル リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (28. He set s fort h for you a parable from yourselves: Do you have part ners among t hose whom your right hands possess t o share as equals in t he wealt h We have best owed on you, whom you fear as you fear each ot her Thus do We explain t he signs in det ail t o a people who have sense.)

(29. Nay, but t hose who do wrong follow t heir own lust s wit hout knowledge. Then who will guide him whom Allah has sent ast ray And for such t here will be no helpers.)

A Parable of Tawhid This is t he parable Allah makes of t he idolat ors, t hose who worship ot hers besides Him and at t ribut e part ners t o Him, while at t he same t ime admit t ing t hat t hese so-called part ners -idols and false gods -- are enslaved t o and belong t o Him. In t heir Talbiyah (during Haj j and ` Umrah t hey used t o say, "At Your service, You have no part ner except t he part ner t hat You have, You own Him and what ever he owns.''

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ぴ (He set s fort h for you a parable from yourselves) ` somet hing which you yourselves can see wit ness, and underst and.'

ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅｚョ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∇モワ∠ ぴ び∀￢へ∠ヲシ ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ほプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ (Do you have part ners among t hose whom your right hands possess t o share as equals in t he wealt h We have best owed on you...) ` None of you would like t o have his servant as a part ner in his wealt h, each of t hem having an equal share.'

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ヘ∠ Β͡ガミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガゎ∠ ぴ (whom you fear as you fear each ot her.) ` You fear t hat t hey will have a share in your wealt h wit h you.' Abu Mij laz said, "You do not fear t hat your servant will have a share in your wealt h, because he has no such right ; similarly, Allah has no part ner.'' The point is, t hat since any one of you would abhor such a t hing, how can you at t ribut e rivals t o Allah from among His creat ion At -Tabarani recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The people of Shirk used t o say in t heir Talbiyah, ` At Your service, You have no part ner except t he part ner t hat You have, You own Him and what ever he owns.' Then Allah revealed t he words:

ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅｚョ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∇モワ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ヘ∠ Β͡ガミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガゎ∠ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ほプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ び∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ (Do you have part ners among t hose whom your right hands possess t o share as equals in t he wealt h We have best owed on you, whom you fear as you fear each ot her)'' If humans have t his charact erist ic, t his parable shows t hat it is even less befit t ing for Allah t o have a part ner.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘやモ ⊥ あダヘ∠ ル⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Thus do We explain t he signs in det ail t o a people who have sense.) Then Allah point s out t hat when t he idolat ors worship ot hers inst ead of Him, doing so out of t heir own folly and ignorance:

び∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や モ ͡ よ∠ ぴ (Nay, but t hose who do wrong follow...), meaning, t he idolat ors,

び∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ や∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ぴ (...t heir own lust s) means, in t heir worship of false gods wit hout knowledge.

び⊥ヮヤｚャや モ ｚッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ リ∠ヨ∠プぴ (Then who will guide him whom Allah has sent ast ray) means, no one can guide t hem if Allah has decreed t hat t hey will be misguided.

び∠リΑ͡ゲダ ͡ ⇒ｚル リあョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And for such t here will be no helpers.) means, t here is no one who can save t hem from t he power of Allah or grant t hem a way out , for what He wills, happens and what He does not will, does not happen.

ゲ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや り∠ ゲ∠ ∇トプ͡ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ リ ͡ Αあギヤ͡ャ マ ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ∇ユホ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ ユ⊥ あΒボ∠ ∇ャや リ ⊥ Αあギャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ャ͡ モ ∠ Α͡ギ∇らゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ リ ∠ Β͡らΒ͡レョ⊥ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅレｚ ャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ゅ⇔バ∠Βセ ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲｚ プ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ェゲ͡ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゆ ∃ ∇ゴェ ͡ ぁモミ⊥ (30. So, set you your face t owards t he religion as a Hanif. Allah's Fit rah wit h which He has creat ed mankind. No change let t here be in Allah's Khalq, t hat is t he st raight religion, but most men know not .) (31. (And remain always) t urning in repent ance t o Him and have Taqwa of Him;

and perform t he Salah and be not of idolat ors.) (32. Of t hose who split up t heir religion, and became sect s, each sect rej oicing in t hat which is wit h it .)

The Command to adhere to Tawhid Allah says: ` so set your face and persevere in t he religion which Allah has prescribed for you, t he worship of Allah Alone, t he religion of Ibrahim, t o which Allah has guided you and which He has perfect ed for you wit h t he ut most perfect ion. In t his manner, you will also adhere t o t he sound Fit rah wit h which He creat ed His creat ion.' Allah creat ed His creat ion t o recognize Him and know His Tawhid, and t hat t here is no God except Him, as we have already seen when discussing t he Ayah,

びヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ジャ∠ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ ヰ∠ ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and made t hem t est ify as t o t hemselves (saying): "Am I not your Lord'' They said: "Yes!...'') (7:172). And according t o a Hadit h, Allah said,

リ ⊥ Β͡デゅ∠Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇わャ∠ゅ∠わ∇ィゅ∠プ ∩∠￢ゅ∠ヘレ∠ ェ ⊥ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヶあルま͡» «ユ͡ヰレ͡ Α͡キ ∇リハ ∠ ("I creat ed my servant s Hunafa (i.e., monot heist s), t hen t he Shayat in misled t hem from t heir religion.'') We will see in t he Hadit hs t hat Allah creat ed His creat ion wit h t he Fit rah of Islam, t hen among some of t hem t here emerged corrupt religions such as Judaism, Christ ianit y and Zoroast rianism.

び͡ヮヤｚャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ャ͡ モ ∠ Α͡ギ∇らゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (No change let t here be in Allah's Khalq,) Some of t hem said t hat t his means, ` do not change t he creat ion of Allah, for if you do, you will divert t he people away from t he Fit rah wit h which He creat ed t hem.' So it is inst ruct ive; j ust as His saying:

び⇔ゅレ͡ョや∠￢ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ ∠ キ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever ent ers it , he is safe) This is a good and correct int erpret at ion. Ot hers said t hat t his means, Allah made all of His creat ion equal, all of t hem have t he same sound Fit rah and are by nat ure upright ; t hey are all born wit h t his nat ure and t here is no disparit y among people in t his regard. Ibn ` Abbas, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak and Ibn Zayd said t hat t he Ayah:

び͡ヮヤｚャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ャ͡ モ ∠ Α͡ギ∇らゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (No change let t here be in Allah's Khalq) means, t he religion of Allah. Al-Bukhari said:

び͡ヮヤｚャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ャ͡ モ ∠ Α͡ギ∇らゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (No change let t here be in Allah's Khalq,) "It means, t he religion of Allah, and t he religion, and t he Fit rah is Islam.'' Then he report ed t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ロ⊥ や∠ヲよ∠ ほ∠プ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇トヘ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ギ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥Α キ∃ ヲ⊥ャ∇ヲョ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» ア ⊥ わ∠ ∇レゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∩͡ヮル͡ ゅ∠ジイ あ ヨ∠ Α⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ や∠ゲダ あ レ∠ Α⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ や∠キヲあ ヰ∠ Α⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲぁジエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ∩∠￢ゅ∠バ∇ヨィ ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ Β͡ヰよ∠ る⊥ ∠ヨΒ͡ヰ∠ら∇ャや «∨￢∠ ゅ∠ハ∇ギィ ∠ (No child is born except in a st at e of Fit rah, t hen his parent s make him a Jew or a Christ ian or a Zoroast rian, j ust as each animal produces a perfect animal like it self -- do you see any among t hem t hat are born mut ilat ed) t hen t he narrat or (Abu Hurayrah) said (recit e t his Ayah),

モ ∠ Α͡ギ∇らゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや り∠ ゲ∠ ∇トプ͡ ぴ び⊥ユΒあ ボ∠ ∇ャや リ ⊥ Αあギャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ャ͡ (Allah's Fit rah wit h which He has creat ed mankind. No change let t here be in Allah's Khalq, t hat is t he st raight religion.)'' This was also recorded by Muslim.

び⊥ユΒあ ボ∠ ∇ャや リ ⊥ Αあギャや マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (t hat is t he st raight religion,) means, adherence t o t he Shari` ah and t he sound Fit rah is t he t rue, st raight religion.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but most men know not .) means, most people do not know t his and t hey deviat e far ast ray from it , as Allah says:

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ ろ ∠ ∇タゲ∠ ェ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And most of mankind will not believe even if you desire it eagerly.) (12:103)

リ∠ハ ポ ∠ ヲぁヤツ ͡ Α⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇ノト ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ (And if you obey most of t hose on t he eart h, t hey will mislead you far away from Allah's pat h) (6:116).

び͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ リ ∠ Β͡らΒ͡レョぁ ぴ (t urning in repent ance t o Him) Ibn Zayd and Ibn Jurayj said, "This means, ret urning t o Him.''

び⊥ロヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (and have Taqwa of Him;) means, fear Him and remember t hat He is always wat ching.

び∠りヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and perform t he Salah), which is t he great est act of worship.)

び∠リΒ͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and be not of t he idolat ors.) Be of t hose who single out Allah, devot ing t heir worship sincerely for Him alone, not anyone or anyt hing ot her t han Him. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Yazid bin Abi Maryam said: "` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h him, passed by Mu` adh bin Jabal and asked, ` What is t he foundat ion of t his Ummah' Mu` adh said, ` Three t hings, and t hey are t he t hings t hat will bring salvat ion: Al-Ikhlas (doing a deed for Allah alone), which is t he Fit rah wit h which Allah creat ed mankind; Salah, which is t he t hing t hat t ells a believer apart from a disbeliever; and obedience, which is prot ect ion.' ` Umar said: ` You have spoken t he t rut h.

Splitting into Sects and the Saved Sect His saying:

ゆ ∃ ∇ゴェ ͡ ぁモミ⊥ ゅ⇔バ∠Βセ ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲｚ プ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ェゲ͡ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ (Of t hose who Farraqu Dinahum (split up t heir religion), and became sect s, each sect rej oicing in t hat which is wit h it .) means, do not be of t he idolat ors who split up t heir religion, i.e., changed it by believing in part s of it and rej ect ing ot her part s. Some scholars read t his as Faraqu Dinahum, meaning "neglect ed t heir religion and left it behind t hem.'' These are like t he Jews, Christ ians, Zoroast rians, idol worshippers and all t he followers of false religions, besides t he followers of Islam, as Allah says:

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ジャｚ ゅ⇔バΒ∠ セ ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲｚ プ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ͡プ (Verily, t hose who divide t heir religion and break up int o sect s, you have no concern in t hem in t he least . Their affair is only wit h Allah) (6:159). The followers of t he religions before us had differences of opinions and split int o false sect s, each group claiming t o be following t he t rut h. This Ummah t oo has split int o sect s, all of which are misguided apart from one, which is AhlusSunnah Wal-Jama` ah, t hose who adhere t o t he Book of Allah and t he Sunnah of t he Messenger of Allah and what was followed by t he first generat ions, t he Companions, t heir followers, and t he Imams of t he Muslims of earlier and lat er t imes. In his Must adrak, Al-Hakim recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah was asked which of t he sect s was t he saved sect and he said:

«ヶ͡よゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ョ» (What I and my Companions are upon.)

ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ リ ∠ Β͡らΒ͡レョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇や∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ゲｘ ッ ⊥ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ザ ｚ ョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ や∠クま͡ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ∠ や∠クぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や￢ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΒ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤｚム∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ ∇ュぺ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇やヲ⊥ェゲ͡ プ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠レ∇ホク∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲル⊥ ゅ∠ミ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ る∀ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇らダ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ リ∠ヨャ͡ ベ ∠ ∇コゲあ ャや テ ⊥ジ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥トレ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΕ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ケ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ (33. And when harm t ouches men, t hey cry sincerely only t o t heir Lord, t urning t o Him in repent ance; but when He gives t hem a t ast e of His mercy, behold, a part y of t hem associat es part ners in worship wit h t heir Lord.) (34. So as t o be ungrat eful for t he graces which We have best owed on t hem. Then enj oy; but you will come t o know.) (35. Or have We revealed t o t hem an aut horit y, which speaks of t hat which t hey have been associat ing wit h Him) (36. And when We cause mankind t o t ast e of mercy, t hey rej oice t herein; but when some evil afflict s t hem because of what t heir hands have sent fort h, behold, t hey are in despair!) (37. Do t hey not see t hat Allah expands t he provision for whom He wills and st rait ens (it for whom He wills). Verily, in t hat are indeed signs for a people who believe.)

How man sways between Tawhid and Shirk, and between Joy and Despair, according to His Circumstances Allah t ells us t hat when man is in dire st rait s, he calls upon Allah alone wit h no part ner or associat e, t hen when t imes of ease come and t hey have t he choice, some people associat e ot hers wit h Allah and worship ot hers alongside Him.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や￢ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ム∠Β͡ャぴ (So as t o be ungrat eful for t he graces which We have best owed on t hem.) Then Allah warns t hem by saying:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (but you will come t o know.) One of t hem said: By Allah, if a law enforcment officer were t o say t his t o me, I would be afraid, so how about when t he One Who is issuing t he warning is t he One Who merely says t o a t hing "Be!'' and it is Then Allah denounces t he idolat ors for fabricat ing lies and worshipping ot hers inst ead of Him wit h no evidence or proof:

び⇔ゅレ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or have We revealed t o t hem an aut horit y,) means, proof.

び⊥ユヤｚム∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (which speaks) means, t ells

び∠ラヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ぴ (of t hat which t hey have been associat ing wit h Him) This is a rhet orical quest ion int ended t o denounce t hem, for t hey have no such t hing.

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇らダ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲェ ⊥ ゲ͡ プ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠レ∇ホク∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥トレ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ る∀ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ (And when We cause mankind t o t ast e of mercy, t hey rej oice t herein; but when some evil afflict s t hem because of what t heir hands have sent fort h, behold, t hey are in despair!) This is a denunciat ion of man for t he way he is, except for t hose whom Allah prot ect s and helps, for when man is given blessings, he is proud, and says:

び∀ケヲ⊥ガプ∠ ゥ ∀ ゲ͡ ヘ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヶあレハ ∠ れ ⊥ ゅ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ょ ∠ ワ∠ ク∠ ぴ ("Ills have depart ed from me.'' Surely, he is exult ant , and boast ful.) (11:10) He rej oices over himself and boast s t o ot hers, but when difficult ies befall him, He despairs of ever having anyt hing good again. Allah says:

び͡れゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except t hose who show pat ience and do right eous good deeds). They are pat ient during t imes of difficult y and do good deeds at t imes of ease. It was report ed in t he Sahih:

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚャま͡ ￢⇔ ゅ∠ツホ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヶ͡ツ∇ボ∠Α ゅ∠ャ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ⇔ら∠イ∠ハ» ∩⊥ヮャ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ゲ∠ ム∠ セ ∠ ￢⊥ やｚゲシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ «ヮ∠ャ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ゲ∠ ら∠ タ ∠ ￢⊥ やｚゲッ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ (How wonderful is t he affair of t he believer. Allah does not decree anyt hing for him but it is good for him. If good t hings happen t o him, he gives t hanks, and t hat is good for him; and if bad t hings happen t o him, he bears t hat wit h pat ience, and t hat is good for him.)

￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ベ ∠ ∇コゲあ ャや テ ⊥ジ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び⊥ケギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ (Do t hey not see t hat Allah expands t he provision for whom He wills and st rait ens (it for whom He wills).) He is t he One Who is cont rolling and doing t hat , by His wisdom and j ust ice, so He expands t he provision for some people and rest rict s it for some.

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t hat are indeed signs for a people who believe.)

モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ｚボェ ∠ ヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠ク れ ͡ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ぴ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヮ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ メ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ∠ よ⊥ ∇ゲΒ∠ ャあ ゅ⇔よあケ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや

り∃ ヲ∠ミコ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や￢ べ∠ョ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇やヲ⊥よ∇ゲΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヮ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ リ͡ョ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リｚョ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ リ͡ョ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ⇒∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ (38. So, give t o t he kindred his due, and t o Al-Miskin and t o t he wayfarer. That is best for t hose who seek Allah's Face; and it is t hey who will be successful.) (39. And t hat which you give in Riba in order t hat it may increase from ot her people's propert y, has no increase wit h Allah; but t hat which you give in Zakah seeking Allah's Face, t hen t hose t hey shall have manifold increase. ) (40. Allah is He Who creat ed you, t hen provided food for you, t hen will cause you t o die, t hen He will give you life. Is t here any of your part ners t hat do anyt hing of t hat Glory be t o Him! And Exalt ed be He above all t hat t hey associat e.)

The Command to uphold the Ties of Kinship and the Prohibition of Riba Allah commands giving:

び⊥ヮボｚ ェ ∠ ヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠クぴ (t o t he kindred his due) his due of respect and upholding t he t ies of kinship.

び⊥リΒ͡ム⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and t o Al-Miskin) t he one who has not hing t o spend on his needs, or he has somet hing but it is not enough.

び͡モΒ͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ͡ ∇よやヱ∠ ぴ (and t o t he wayfarer.) t he t raveler who is in need of money and ot her t hings during his j ourney.

び͡ヮヤｚャや ヮ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That is best for t hose who seek Allah's Face;) meaning; t o look upon Him on t he Day of Resurrect ion, which is t he ult imat e aim.

び∠ラヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (and it is t hey who will be successful.) means, in t his world and t he Hereaft er. Then Allah says:

Κ ∠ プ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや メ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ∠ よ⊥ ∇ゲΒ∠ ャあ ゅ⇔よあケ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇やヲ⊥よ∇ゲΑ∠ (And t hat which you give in Riba, in order t hat it may increase from ot her people's propert y, has no increase wit h Allah;) This means, t hat which is given as a gift t o ot hers in t he hope t hat t hey will give back more t han t hey were given. There is no reward for t his wit h Allah. This is how t his Ayah was int erpret ed by Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah, ` Ikrimah, Muhammad bin Ka` b and Ash-Sha` bi. Allah says:

マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヮ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ り∃ ヲ∠ミコ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や￢ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ (but t hat which you give in Zakah seeking Allah's Face, t hen t hose t hey shall have manifold increase.) Those are t he ones for whom Allah will mult iply t he reward. It was report ed in t he Sahih:

ゅｚャま͡ ょ ∃ Βあ デ ∠ ょ ∃ ∇ジミ∠ ∇リョ͡ り∃ ゲ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ メ ͡ ∇ギバ∠ よ͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ベ ∠ ギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ » ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰら͡ ェ ͡ ゅ∠ダャ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒあよゲ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ レ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェｚゲャや ゅ∠ワグ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ り⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ヨｚわャや ゲ∠ Β͡ダゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠Β͡ダプ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ロ⊥ ｚヲヤ⊥プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヶあよゲ∠ Α⊥ «ギ⊥ェぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ユ∠ ヌ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ (No person gives in charit y t he equivalent of a dat e which was earned in a lawful manner, but t he Most Merciful t akes it in His Right Hand and t akes care of it for it s owner, j ust as any one of you t akes care of his foal or young camel, unt il t he dat e becomes t he size of Mount Uhud.)

Creation, Provision, Life and Death are all in the Hand of Allah Allah says:

び∇ユム⊥ ∠ホ∠コ∠ケ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ

(Allah is He Who creat ed you, t hen provided food for you,) means, He is t he Creat or and Provider. He brings man fort h from his mot her's womb naked and knowing not hing, not able t o see or hear, and having no st rengt h. Then He provides him wit h all t hese t hings, giving him household effect s, clot hing, wealt h, possessions and earnings.

び∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen will cause you t o die,) means, aft er t his life.

び∇ユム⊥ Β͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen (again) He will give you life.) means, on t he Day of Resurrect ion.

び∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ リ͡ョ ∇モワ∠ ぴ (Is t here any of your part ners) means, t hose whom you worship inst ead of Allah,

び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ リ͡ョ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リｚョぴ (t hat do anyt hing of t hat ) meaning, none of t hem are able t o do any of t hat . But Allah is t he One Who is Independent in His powers of creat ion, provision, and giving life and deat h. Then He will resurrect His creat ion on t he Day of Resurrect ion. This is why, aft er all t his He says:

び∠ラヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ (Glory be t o Him! And Exalt ed be He above all t hat t hey associat e. ) meaning, exalt ed and sanct ified and glorified be He far above having any part ner, peer, equal, son or fat her, for He is t he One, t he Unique, t he Self-Sufficient Mast er, Who beget s not nor was He begot t en, and t here is none comparable unt o Him.

ン͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ キ⊥ ゅ∠ジヘ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ニ ∠ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ Α͡グΒ⊥ ャ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルゅ∠プ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡シ ∇モホ⊥ びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ (41. Evil has appeared in Al-Barr and Al-Bahr because of what t he hands of men have earned, t hat He may make t hem t ast e a part of t hat which t hey have done, in order t hat t hey may ret urn.) (42. Say: "Travel in t he land and see what was t he end of t hose before (you)! Most of t hem were idolat ors.'')

The Effects of Sin in this World Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah, Ad-Dahhak, As-Suddi and ot hers said: "What is meant by Al-Barr here is t he empt y land or wilderness, and by Al-Bahr is t owns and cit ies.'' According t o a report narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas and ` Ikrimah, Al-Bahr refers t o t owns and cit ies which are on t he banks of rivers. Ot hers said t hat what was meant was t he usual meaning of t he words, i.e., land and sea. Zayd bin Rafi` said:

び⊥キゅ∠ジヘ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ニ ∠ぴ (Evil has appeared) "The rain is wit hheld from t he land and t his is followed by famine, and it is wit hheld from t he sea, adversely affect ing t he animals which live in it .'' This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hat im, who said: "Muhammad bin ` Abdullah bin Yazid Al-Muqri' t old us, from Sufyan from Humayd bin Qays Al-A` raj from Muj ahid:

び͡ゲ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ キ⊥ ゅ∠ジヘ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ニ ∠ぴ (Evil has appeared on land and sea) "Evil on land means t he killing of t he son of Adam, and evil on t he sea means piracy.'' According t o t he first opinion, t he phrase,

ン͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ キ⊥ ゅ∠ジヘ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ニ ∠ぴ び͡サゅｚレャや (Evil has appeared on land and sea because of what t he hands of men have earned, ) means t he short fall in t he crops and fruit s is because of sins. Abu Al-` Aliyah said: "Whoever disobeys Allah in t he eart h has corrupt ed it , because t he good condit ion of t he eart h and t he heavens depends on obedience t o Allah.'' Hence it says in t he Hadit h which was recorded by Abu Dawud:

∇ラぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ょ ぁ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヶ͡プ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ギｘ エ ∠ ャ∠» «ゅ⇔ェゅ∠らタ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ やヱ⊥ゲト ∠ ∇ヨΑ⊥ (Any prescribed punishment which is carried out in t he land is bet t er for it s people t han if it were t o rain for fort y days.) The reason for t hat is t hat if t he prescribed punishment s are carried out , t his will det er t he people -- most or many of t hem -- from violat ing t he prohibit ions of Allah. If t hey give up sin, t his will be a cause of blessings in t he skies and on t he eart h. So, when ` Isa bin Maryam, peace be upon him, comes down at t he end of t ime, he will j udge according t o t his Shari` ah at t hat t ime, and will kill t he pigs and break t he cross and abolish t he Jizyah. He will accept not hing except Islam or t he sword. When Allah dest roys t he Daj j al and his followers, and Ya'j uj and Ma'j uj during his t ime, it will be said t o t he eart h, bring fort h your blessing. Then groups of people will eat from one pomegranat e, and will seek shade beneat h it s skin, and t he milk of one pregnant camel will be sufficient for a group of people. This will only be because of t he blessings t hat will result from applicat ion of t he Shari` ah of Muhammad . The more j ust ice is est ablished, t he more t he blessings and good t hings will increase. It was report ed in t he Sahih: h

キ⊥ ゅ∠ヤ͡ら∇ャや∠ヱ キ⊥ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ウ ⊥ Α͡ゲわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ れ ∠ ゅ∠ョ や∠クま͡ ゲ∠ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ヘ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» «ゆや∠ヱギｚ ャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ (When t he evildoer dies, it is a relief for t he people, t he land, t he t rees and t he animals.) Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal recorded t hat Abu Qahdham said: "At t he t ime of Ziyad or Ibn Ziyad, a man found a clot h in which were wrapped grains of wheat which were as big as dat e st ones; on it was writ t en: ` This grew at a t ime when j ust ice prevailed.'''

び∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ Α͡グΒ⊥ ャ͡ぴ (t hat He may make t hem t ast e a part of t hat which t hey have done,) means, He t ries t hem wit h t he loss of wealt h, souls and fruit s as a t est and as a punishment for what t hey have done.

び∠ラヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (in order t hat t hey may ret urn.) means, from disobedience. This is like t he Ayah,

び∠ラヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ヲヤ∠よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We t ried t hem wit h good and evil in order t hat t hey might t urn.) (7:168). Then Allah says:

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルゅ∠プ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡シ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び⊥モ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ (Say: "Travel in t he land and see what was t he end of t hose before (you)!'') meaning, t hose who came before you.

び∠リΒ͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミぴ (Most of t hem were idolat ors. ) means, so see what happened t o t hem when t hey rej ect ed t he Messengers and were ungrat eful for t he blessings.

Ι ｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ユ͡ Βあ ボ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ Αあギヤ͡ャ マ ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ∇ユホ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギｚ ダ ｚ Α∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ キｚ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル６Κプ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ヘミ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠

リ͡ョ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン ∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ (43. So, set you your face t o t he st raight and right religion, before t here comes from Allah a Day which none can avert . On t hat Day men shall be divided.) (44. Whosoever disbelieves will suffer from his disbelief, and whosoever does right eous good deeds, t hen such will prepare a good place for t hemselves.) (45. That He may reward t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, out of His bount y. Verily, He likes not t he disbelievers.)

The Command to follow the Straight Path before the Day of Resurrection Here Allah commands His servant s t o hast en t o obedience t o Him and t o hast en t o do good deeds.

Ι ｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ユ͡ Βあ ボ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ Αあギヤ͡ャ マ ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ∇ユホ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ キｚ ゲ∠ ョ∠ (So, set you your face t o t he st raight and right religion, before t here comes from Allah a Day which none can avert .) The Day of Resurrect ion, for when Allah want s it t o happen, no one will be able t o avert it .

び∠ラヲ⊥ハギｚ ダ ｚ ∠Α グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t hat Day men shall be divided.) means, t hey will be separat ed, wit h one group in Paradise and anot her in Hell. Allah says:

ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ヘミ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ョぴ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン ∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル６Κプ∠ び͡ヮヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや (Whosoever disbelieves will suffer from his disbelief, and whosoever does right eous good deeds, t hen such will prepare a good place for t hemselves. That He may reward t hose who believe. and do right eous good deeds, out of His bount y.) meaning t hat He may reward t hem from His bount y, in ret urn for one good deed, he will get t he reward for t en, up t o seven hundred like it , as much as Allah wills.

び∠リΑ͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ

(Verily, He likes not t he disbelievers.) yet He is st ill j ust wit h t hem and does not oppress t hem.

∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ Α͡グΒ⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ れ ∃ ゲ∠ ゼ あ ら∠ ョ⊥ ウ ∠ ⇒∠Αゲあ ャや モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ マ ⊥ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ン ∠ ゲ͡ ∇イわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リあョ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヨボ∠ わ∠ ルゅ∠プ ͡れゅ∠レΒあ ∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ワヱ⊥￢べ∠イ∠プ ∇ユヰ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ Κ ⇔シ ⊥ ケ⊥ びリ ∠ Βレ͡ョ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇ダル∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ⇔ボ∂ ェ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや (46. And among His signs is t his t hat He sends t he winds as glad t idings, giving you a t ast e of His mercy, and t hat t he ships may sail at His command, and t hat you may seek of His bount y, in order t hat you may be t hankful.) (47. And indeed We did send Messengers before you t o t heir own peoples. They came t o t hem wit h clear proofs, t hen, We t ook vengeance on t hose who commit t ed crimes; and it was incumbent upon Us t o help t he believers.)

Among the Signs of Allah are the Winds Here Allah ment ions t he favor He does for His creat ures by sending winds t o t hem, as harbingers of His mercy, meaning t hat t hey will be followed by rain. Allah says:

び͡ヮわ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ Α͡グΒ⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (giving you a t ast e of His mercy,) t hat is, t he rain which will come down and revive people and t he land.

び͡ロゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ マ ⊥ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ン ∠ ゲ͡ ∇イわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat t he ships may sail at His command,) means, on t he sea, for t hey are driven by t he wind.

び͡ヮヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat you may seek of His bount y,) means, by t rading, earning a living and t raveling from one count ry t o anot her, one region t o anot her.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(in order t hat you may be t hankful.) means, t hat you may give t hanks t o Allah for t he innumerable favors He has done for you, bot h visible and hidden. Then Allah says:

∇ユヰ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ Κ ⇔シ ⊥ ケ⊥ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∇やヲ⊥ョゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヨボ∠ わ∠ ルゅ∠プ れ ͡ ゅ∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ワヱ⊥￢べ∠イ∠プ (And indeed We did send Messengers before you t o t heir own peoples. They came t o t hem wit h clear proofs, t hen, We t ook vengeance on t hose who commit t ed crimes;) These are words of consolat ion from Allah t o His servant and Messenger Muhammad . They t ell him t hat if many of his people and of mankind disbelieve in him, t he previous Messengers were also rej ect ed, despit e t he clear signs t hat t hey brought , but Allah punished t hose who rej ect ed and opposed t hem, and saved t hose who believed in t hem.

び∠リΒレ͡ョ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇ダル∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ⇔ボ∂ ェ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and it was incumbent upon Us t o help t he believers.) This is a dut y which Allah t ook upon Himself as a blessing and a favor t o t hem. This is like t he Ayah,

び∠るヨ∠ ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (your Lord has prescribed mercy for Himself) (6:54). Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu AdDarda', may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "I heard Allah's Messenger saying:

ゅｚャま͡ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ゲハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ ぁキゲ⊥ Α∠ ユ∃ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや リ ͡ ョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ル ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ｚキゲ⊥ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ６ボェ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや (No Muslim man defends t he honor of his brot her except t hat t here would be a right upon Allah t o defend him from t he fire of Hell on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) Then he recit ed t his Ayah:

び∠リΒレ͡ョ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇ダル∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ⇔ボ∂ ェ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and it was incumbent upon Us t o help t he believers.)''

ヮ⊥ ト ⊥ジ ⊥ ∇らΒ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔よゅ∠エシ ∠ ゲ⊥ Β͡んわ⊥ プ∠ ウ ∠ ⇒∠Αゲあ ャや モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ ン∠ゲわ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ∠ジミ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ

￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡Κ ∠カ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ベ ∠ ∇キヲ∠ ∇ャや リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クま͡ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プ - リ ∠ Β͡ジヤ͡∇らヨ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ｚゴレ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゲ͡ ⇒∠をや∠￢ ヴ∠ャま͡ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ヘ∠ ∇ダョ⊥ ロ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ゲ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔エΑ͡ケ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲぁヤヌ ∠ ャｚ (48. Allah is He Who sends t he winds, so t hat t hey raise clouds and spread t hem along t he sky as He wills, and t hen break t hem int o fragment s unt il you see rain drops come fort h from t heir midst ! Then when He has made t hem fall on whom of His servant s as He wills, lo, t hey rej oice!) (49. And verily, before t hat -- j ust before it was sent down upon t hem -- t hey were in despair!) (50. Look t hen at t he effect s of Allah's mercy, how He revives t he eart h aft er it s deat h. Verily, t hat shall indeed raise t he dead, and He is able t o do all t hings.) (51. And if We send a wind, and t hey see it t urn yellow -- behold, t hey t hen would become unt hankful (disbelievers).)

The Revival of the Earth is a Sign of the Resurrection Here Allah explains how He creat es t he clouds t hat rain t he wat er.

び⇔ゅよゅ∠エシ ∠ ゲ⊥ Β͡んわ⊥ プ∠ ウ ∠ ⇒∠Αゲあ ャや モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (Allah is He Who sends t he winds, so t hat t hey raise clouds) eit her from t he sea, as was ment ioned by more t han one (of t he scholars), or from what ever Allah wills.

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ト ⊥ジ ⊥ ∇らΒ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and spread t hem along t he sky as He wills,) means, He spreads t hem and causes t hem t o increase and grow. From a lit t le He makes a lot , and creat es t he clouds t hat look like shields. Then He spreads t hem out unt il t hey fill t he horizon. Somet imes t he clouds come from t he sea, heavy and full, as Allah says:

∇ンギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ⇔ンゲ∇ゼよ⊥ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠Αゲあ ャや モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ギ∃ ヤ∠ら∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボシ ⊥ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ボを͡ ゅ⇔よゅ∠エシ ∠ ∇ろヤｚホ∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ び∃ろΒあ ョｚ (And it is He Who sends t he winds as heralds of glad t idings, going before His mercy. Till when t hey have carried a heavy-laden cloud, We drive it t o a land t hat is dead) unt il:

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∇ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガル⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Similarly, We shall raise up t he dead, so t hat you may remember or t ake heed.) (7:57) Allah says here:

ヮ⊥ ト ⊥ジ ⊥ ∇らΒ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔よゅ∠エシ ∠ ゲ⊥ Β͡んわ⊥ プ∠ ウ ∠ ⇒∠Αゲあ ャや モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ び⇔ゅヘ∠ジミ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ (Allah is He Who sends t he winds, so t hat t hey raise clouds and spread t hem along t he sky as He wills, and t hen break t hem int o fragment s) Muj ahid, Abu ` Amr bin Al-` Ala', Mat ar Al-Warraq and Qat adah said, "This means pieces.'' Ot hers said t hat it means ` piled up,' as Ad-Dahhak said. Ot hers said t hat it means black, because t hey cont ained so much wat er, and somet imes t hey are heavy and close t o t he eart h. His saying:

び͡ヮ͡ャ∠Κ͡カ ∇リョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ベ ∠ ∇キヲ∠ ∇ャや ン∠ゲわ∠ プ∠ ぴ (unt il you see rain drops come fort h from t heir midst !) means, ` so you see t he drops, i.e., t he rain, which come from t he midst of t hose clouds.'

∇ユワ⊥ や∠クま͡ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (Then when He has made t hem fall on whom of His servant s as He wills, lo, t hey rej oice!) They rej oice at t he rain when it comes t o t hem because of t heir need for it .

ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴｚ レ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ジヤ͡∇らヨ⊥ ャ∠

(And verily, before t hat -- j ust before it was sent down upon t hem -- t hey were in despair!) The people t o whom t his rain came were in despair, t hinking t hat it rain would never fall, j ust before it came t o t hem. When it came t o t hem, it came at t he t ime of great est need, so it was a t remendous event for t hem What t his means is t hat t hey were in need of it before it fell, and t here had been no rainfall for a long t ime, so t hey were wait ing for it at t he t ime when it was due, but it did not come t o t hem at t hat t ime. The rain was lat e, and a long t ime passed. Then t he rain came t o t hem suddenly, aft er t hey began t o despair, and aft er t heir land became dry and barren, it was st irred t o life, and it swelled and produced every lovely kind of growt h. Allah says:

び͡ヮヤｚャや る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゲ͡ ⇒∠をや∠￢ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プぴ (Look t hen at t he effect s of Allah's mercy,) meaning, t he rain.

びべ∠ヰゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ぴ (how He revives t he eart h aft er it s deat h.) Thus Allah draws at t ent ion t o t he revival of people's bodies aft er t hey have died and disint egrat ed int o not hing.

びヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hat (Allah) shall indeed raise t he dead.) means, t he One Who does t hat is able t o raise t he dead.

び∀ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (and He is able t o do all t hings.)

リ͡ョ ∇やヲぁヤヌ ∠ ャｚ や⇔ゲ∂ ヘ∠ ∇ダョ⊥ ロ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ゲ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔エΑ͡ケ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ (And if We send a wind, and t hey see it t urn yellow -- behold, t hey t hen would become unt hankful (disbelievers).)

びゅ⇔エΑ͡ケ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And if We send a wind,) means, a wind which dries up t he crops which t hey have t ended and cult ivat ed and which have mat ured, and t hey see t hem t urn yellow, and st art t o rot , if t his were t o happen, t hey would become ungrat eful, i.e., t hey would deny t he previous blessings t hat t hey were given. This is like t he Ayah,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥をゲ⊥ ∇エゎ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥わ∇Α￢∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Then t ell Me about t he seed t hat you sow in t he ground.) unt il:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョヱ⊥ゲ∇エョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, but we are deprived!) (56:63-67)

￢∠ べ∠ハギぁ ャや ユｚ ダ ぁ ャや ノ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ジゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ジゎ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ リ∠ハ ヴ ͡ ∇ヨバ⊥ ∇ャや キ͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲよ͡ ∇ギョ⊥ ∇や∇ヲャｚヱ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ノ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ジゎ⊥ ラ͡ま ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤッ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョぁ (52. So verily, you cannot make t he dead t o hear, nor can you make t he deaf t o hear t he call, when t hey show t heir backs and t urn away.) (53. And you cannot guide t he blind from t heir st raying; you can make t o hear only t hose who believe in Our Ayat , and have submit t ed (t o Allah in Islam).)

The Disbelievers are like the Dead, Deaf and Blind Allah says, ` j ust as you are not able t o make t he dead hear in t heir graves, or t o make your words reach t he deaf who cannot hear and who st ill t urn away from you, so t oo you cannot guide t he blind t o t he t rut h and bring t hem back from t heir misguidance.' That is a mat t er which rest s wit h Allah, for by His power He can make t he dead hear t he voices of t he living if He wills. He guides whom He wills and sends ast ray whom He wills, and no one but He has t he power t o do t his. Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョぁ ユ⊥ヰプ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ノ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ジゎ⊥ ラ͡まぴ (you can make t o hear only t hose who believe in Our Ayat , and have submit t ed (t o Allah in Islam).) means, t hose who are humble and who respond and obey. These are t he ones who will list en t o t he t rut h and follow it ; t his is t he st at e of t he believers; t he former (being deaf and blind) is t he st at e of t he disbelievers, as Allah says:

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ん⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲ∠ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ⊥ Β͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや

(It is only t hose who list en will respond, but as for t he dead, Allah will raise t hem up, t hen t o Him t hey will be ret urned.) (6:36) ` A'ishah, t he Mot her of t he fait hful, may Allah be pleased wit h her, used t his Ayah --

びヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ジゎ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (So verily, you cannot make t he dead t o hear) as evidence against ` Abdullah bin ` Umar when he report ed t hat t he Prophet had addressed t he slain disbelievers who had been t hrown int o a dry well t hree days aft er t he bat t le of Badr, rebuking and reprimanding t hem, unt il ` Umar said, "O Messenger of Allah, are you addressing people who are dead bodies'' He said:

メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡ャ ノ∠ ヨ∠ ∇シほ∠よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» «ラヲ⊥らΒ͡イΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ (By t he One in Whose Hand is my soul, you do not hear what I say any bet t er t han t hey do, but t hey cannot respond.) s` A'ishah int erpret ed t his event t o mean t hat t he Prophet was making t he point t hat now t hey would know t hat what he had been t elling t hem was t rue. Qat adah said: "Allah brought t hem back t o life for him so t hat t hey could hear what he said by way of rebuke and vengeance.''

ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ブ ∃ ∇バッ ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ る⇔ ら∠ ∇Βセ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ∇バッ ∠ り∃ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ り∃ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ブ ∃ ∇バッ ∠ び ゲ⊥ Α͡ギボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ (54. Allah is He Who creat ed you in weakness, t hen gave you st rengt h aft er weakness, t hen aft er st rengt h gave (you) weakness and grey hair. He creat es what He wills. And He is t he AllKnowing, t he All-Powerful.)

The Different Stages of Man Here Allah point s out how man passes t hrough different st ages of creat ion, one phase aft er anot her. He is originally creat ed from dust , t hen from a Nut fah, t hen from a clot , t hen from a lump of flesh. Then he becomes bones, t hen t he bones are clot hed wit h flesh, t hen t he soul is breat hed int o him. Then he emerges from his mot her's womb, weak and t hin and powerless. Then he grows up lit t le by lit t le, unt il he becomes a child, t hen he reaches t he st age of pubert y, t hen he becomes a young man, which is st rengt h aft er weakness. Then he st art s t o get older, reaching middle age, t hen old age and senilit y, weakness aft er st rengt h, so he loses his resolve, power of movement and abilit y t o fight , his hair t urns grey and his charact erist ics, bot h inward and out ward, begin t o change. Allah says:

ゅ∠ョ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ る⇔ ら∠ ∇Βセ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ∇バッ ∠ り∃ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ (t hen aft er st rengt h gave (you) weakness and grey hair. He creat es what He wills.) He does what soever He wills and cont rols His servant s in what ever way He want s.

び⊥ゲΑ͡ギボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He is t he All-Knowing, t he All-Powerful.)

∇やヲ⊥んら͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ボΑ⊥ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムプ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ る∃ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηや∠ヱ ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ユわレ⊥ミ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゑ ͡ ∇バら∠ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ヰプ∠ ゑ ͡ ∇バら∠ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇バョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レΑ Ι ｚ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ プ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らわ∠ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ (55. And on t he Day t hat t he Hour will be est ablished, t he criminals will swear t hat t hey st ayed not but an hour -- t hus were t hey ever deluded.) (56. And t hose who have been best owed wit h knowledge and Fait h will say: "Indeed you have st ayed according t o t he decree of Allah, unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion; so t his is t he Day of Resurrect ion, but you knew not .'') (57. So, on t hat Day no excuse of t heirs will avail t hose who did wrong, nor will t hey be allowed t o ret urn t o seek (Allah's) pleasure.)

The Ignorance of the Disbelievers in this World and in the Hereafter Here Allah t ells us of t he ignorance of t he disbelievers in t his world and in t he Hereaft er. In t his world t hey worship idols, and in t he Hereaft er t hey will also display great ignorance. They will swear by Allah t hat t hey did not even st ay for one hour in t his world. They will mean t hat t here was not enough t ime given t o est ablish proof against t hem which would leave t hem wit h no excuse. Allah says:

ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヲ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムプ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ び͡ゑ∇バら∠ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηや∠ヱ (t hus were t hey ever deluded. And t hose who have been best owed wit h knowledge and Fait h will say: "Indeed you have st ayed according t o t he decree of Allah, unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion...'') The believers who have knowledge of t he Hereaft er will respond t o t hem, j ust as t hey est ablished t he proof of Allah against t hem in t his world. When t hey swear t hat t hey did not st ay even one hour in t his world, t hey will say t o t hem:

び͡ヮヤｚャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Indeed you have st ayed according t o t he decree of Allah,) meaning, t he Book of deeds,

び͡ゑ∇バら∠ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion;) means, ` from t he day when you were creat ed unt il t he day you were resurrect ed. '

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユわレ⊥ミ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but you knew not .) Allah says:

び∃グゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, on t hat Day) meaning, t he Day of Resurrect ion,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇バョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レΑ Ι ｚぴ (no excuse of t heirs will avail t hose who did wrong,) means, t heir excuses for what t hey did.

び∠ラヲ⊥らわ∠ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor will t hey be allowed (t hen) t o ret urn t o seek (Allah's) pleasure.) means, t hey will not be allowed t o ret urn t o t his world. This is like t he Ayah,

び∠リΒ͡らわ∠ ∇バヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らわ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (and if t hey seek t o please (Allah), yet t hey are not of t hose who will ever be allowed t o please (Allah)) (41:24).

あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ゅ∠レ∇よゲ∠ ッ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ラま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ャ∠ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャｚ る∃ Α∠ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ リ͡ゃャ∠ヱ∠ モ ∃ ん∠ ョ∠ ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ノ⊥ ら∠ ∇トΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤト ͡ ∇らョ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ｘェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ レｚ ヘｚ ガ ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (58. And indeed We have set fort h for mankind, in t his Qur'an every kind of parable. But if you bring t o t hem any sign or proof, t he disbelievers are sure t o say (t o t he believers): "You follow not hing but falsehood and magic.'') (59. Thus does Allah seal up t he heart s of t hose who know not .) (60. So be pat ient . Verily, t he promise of Allah is t rue; and let not t hose who have no cert aint y of fait h discourage you (from conveying Allah's Message).)

Parables in the Qur'an and how the Disbelievers do not learn from them

あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ゅ∠レ∇よゲ∠ ッ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∃モん∠ ョ∠ (And indeed We have set fort h for mankind, in t his Qur'an every kind of parable.) means, ` We have explained t he t rut h t o t hem and have made it clear t o t hem, and have set fort h for t hem parables so t hat t hey may underst and t he t rut h and follow it .'

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ャ∠ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャｚ る∃ Α∠ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ リ͡ゃ∠ャ∠ヱぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヤト ͡ ∇らョ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ (But if you bring t o t hem any sign or proof, t he disbelievers are sure t o say (t o t he believers): "You follow not hing but falsehood and magic.'') If t hey were t o see any kind of sign, whet her it was at t heir own direct ion or ot herwise, t hey would not believe in it and t hey would t hink t hat it was magic and falsehood, as t hey said when t he moon was cleft asunder, et c., as Allah says:

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ユ∠ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る∃ Α∠ や￢ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠

(Truly, t hose, against whom t he Word of your Lord has been j ust ified, will not believe. Even if every sign should come t o t hem, unt il t hey see t he painful t orment .) (10:96-97). Allah says here:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ノ⊥ ら∠ ∇トΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ びｘペェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プ (Thus does Allah seal up t he heart s of t hose who know not . So be pat ient . Verily, t he promise of Allah is t rue;) meaning, ` bear t heir st ubborn opposit ion wit h pat ience, for Allah will fulfill His promise t o grant you vict ory over t hem and cause you and t hose who follow you t o prevail in t his world and in t he Hereaft er.'

び∠ラヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ レｚ ヘｚ ガ ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and let not t hose who have no cert aint y of fait h discourage you (from conveying Allah's Message).) ` Remain st eadfast in t he mission wit h which Allah has sent you, for it is t rut h in which t here is no doubt . Do not t urn away from it , for nowhere else is t here t rut h which is t o be followed; t he t rut h rest s exclusively in t he Message wit h which you have been sent .'

Reports concerning the Virtues of this Surah and that it is recommended to recite it during Fajr Imam Ahmad recorded from a man among t he Companions of t he Prophet t hat t he Messenger of Allah led t hem in Faj r prayer and recit ed Ar-Rum in t he prayer, but he became confused in his recit at ion. He said:

∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ⇔ョや∠ヲ∇ホぺ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∠ラへ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ヤΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡» ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩∠￢ヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レジ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ゅ∠レバ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁヤダ ∠ Α⊥ «￢ヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ジ ͡ ∇エΒ⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ゅ∠レバ∠ ョ∠ り∠ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇レョ͡ (We have become confused in our recit at ion of Qur'an, because some people among you are praying wit h us but t hey have not performed Wudu' properly. Whoever at t ends t he prayer wit h us, let him perform Wudu' properly.) This has a Hasan chain of narrat ion, t he t ext it self is Hasan. It cont ains amazing informat ion, t hat t he Prophet was affect ed by t he fault y Wudu' of some of t hose whom he was leading in prayer. This indicat es t hat t he prayer of t he person who is praying in t he congregat ion is connect ed t o t he prayer of t he Imam. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Ar-Rum. Allah's is t he praise and t hanks.

Parables in the Qur'an and how the Disbelievers do not learn from them

あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ゅ∠レ∇よゲ∠ ッ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∃モん∠ ョ∠ (And indeed We have set fort h for mankind, in t his Qur'an every kind of parable.) means, ` We have explained t he t rut h t o t hem and have made it clear t o t hem, and have set fort h for t hem parables so t hat t hey may underst and t he t rut h and follow it .'

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ャ∠ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャｚ る∃ Α∠ ゅ⇒∠よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ リ͡ゃ∠ャ∠ヱぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヤト ͡ ∇らョ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ (But if you bring t o t hem any sign or proof, t he disbelievers are sure t o say (t o t he believers): "You follow not hing but falsehood and magic.'') If t hey were t o see any kind of sign, whet her it was at t heir own direct ion or ot herwise, t hey would not believe in it and t hey would t hink t hat it was magic and falsehood, as t hey said when t he moon was cleft asunder, et c., as Allah says:

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ユ∠ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る∃ Α∠ や￢ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ (Truly, t hose, against whom t he Word of your Lord has been j ust ified, will not believe. Even if every sign should come t o t hem, unt il t hey see t he painful t orment .) (10:96-97). Allah says here:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ノ⊥ ら∠ ∇トΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ びｘペェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プ (Thus does Allah seal up t he heart s of t hose who know not . So be pat ient . Verily, t he promise of Allah is t rue;) meaning, ` bear t heir st ubborn opposit ion wit h pat ience, for Allah will fulfill His promise t o grant you vict ory over t hem and cause you and t hose who follow you t o prevail in t his world and in t he Hereaft er.'

び∠ラヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ レｚ ヘｚ ガ ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and let not t hose who have no cert aint y of fait h discourage you (from conveying Allah's Message).) ` Remain st eadfast in t he mission wit h which Allah has sent you, for it is t rut h in which t here is no doubt . Do not t urn away from it , for nowhere else is t here t rut h which is t o be followed; t he t rut h rest s exclusively in t he Message wit h which you have been sent .'

Reports concerning the Virtues of this Surah and that it is recommended to recite it during Fajr Imam Ahmad recorded from a man among t he Companions of t he Prophet t hat t he Messenger of Allah led t hem in Faj r prayer and recit ed Ar-Rum in t he prayer, but he became confused in his recit at ion. He said:

∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ⇔ョや∠ヲ∇ホぺ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∠ラへ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ヤΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡» ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩∠￢ヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レジ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ゅ∠レバ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁヤダ ∠ Α⊥ «￢ヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ジ ͡ ∇エΒ⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ゅ∠レバ∠ ョ∠ り∠ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇レョ͡ (We have become confused in our recit at ion of Qur'an, because some people among you are praying wit h us but t hey have not performed Wudu' properly. Whoever at t ends t he prayer wit h us, let him perform Wudu' properly.) This has a Hasan chain of narrat ion, t he t ext it self is Hasan. It cont ains amazing informat ion, t hat t he Prophet was affect ed by t he fault y Wudu' of some of t hose whom he was leading in prayer. This indicat es t hat t he prayer of t he person who is praying in t he congregat ion is connect ed t o t he prayer of t he Imam. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Ar-Rum. Allah's is t he praise and t hanks.

The Tafsir of Surah Luqman Chapter - 31) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

-リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ユャやぴ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ユ⊥ワヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ ン⇔ギワ⊥

(1. Alif Lam Mim.) (2. These are Ayat of t he Wise Book.) (3. A guide and a mercy for t he Muhsinin.) (4. Those who perform t he Salah and give Zakah and t hey have fait h in t he Hereaft er wit h cert aint y.) (5. Such are on guidance from t heir Lord, and such are t he successful.) At t he beginning of Surat Al-Baqarah we discussed t he let t ers such as t hose t hat appear at t he beginning of t his Surah. Allah has made t he Qur'an a guidance and healing and a mercy for t he Muhsinin, who are t hose who do good deeds in accordance wit h t he Shari` ah. They est ablish t he obligat ory prayers in t he proper manner and at t he correct t imes, and follow t hat wit h regular, opt ional and supererogat ory prayers; t hey pay t he Zakah t o t hose who deserve it ; t hey uphold t he t ies of kinship wit h t heir relat ives; t hey have cert ain fait h t hat t here will be rewards and punishment s in t he Hereaft er, and t hey seek t he reward wit h Allah; t hey do not show off or seek a reward or t hanks from ot her people. Whoever does t his is one of t hose of whom Allah says:

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (Such are on guidance from t heir Lord,) meaning, t hey follow His guidance wit h clear underst anding.

び∠ラヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (and such are t he successful.) in t his world and in t he Hereaft er.

リ∠ハ モ ｚツ ͡ Β⊥ ャ͡ ゑ ͡ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ∇ヰャ∠ ン͡ゲわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ や⇔ヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ ゅ∠ワグ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ヱ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴｚャヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ∀リΒ͡ヰョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ や⇔ゲ∇ホヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βル∠ ク⊥ ぺ⊥ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ∠ほミ∠ や⇔ゲ͡ら∇ムわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ び ユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ロ⊥ ∇ゲゼ あ ら∠ プ∠ (6. And of mankind is he who purchases idle t alk (Lahw Al-Hadit h) t o mislead from t he pat h of Allah wit hout knowledge, and t akes it by way of mockery. For such t here will be a humiliat ing t orment .) (7. And when Our Ayat are recit ed t o such a one, he t urns away in pride, as if he heard t hem not -- as if t here were deafness in his ear. So announce t o him a painful t orment .)

The Doomed are preoccupied with Idle Talk and They turn away from the Ayat of Allah When Allah ment ions t he blessed -- who are t hose who are guided by t he Book of Allah and benefit from hearing it , as He says:

ヶ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠んョｚ ゅ⇔ヰ͡ら⇒∠ゼわ∠ ョぁ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ゑ ͡ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ リ ⊥ Β͡ヤゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤィ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲぁ バ͡ ゼ ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ び͡ヮヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤィ ⊥ (Allah has sent down t he Best St at ement , a Book, it s part s resembling each ot her (and) oft repeat ed. The skins of t hose who fear t heir Lord shiver from it . Then t heir skin and t heir heart soft en t o t he remembrance of Allah) (39:23). He connect t hat wit h ment ion of t he doomed, t hose who t urn away from t he Qur'an and do not benefit from hearing t he Words of Allah. Inst ead, t hey t urn t o list ening t o flut es and singing accompanied by musical inst rument s. As Ibn Mas` ud comment ed about t he Ayah:

リ∠ハ モ ｚツ ͡ Β⊥ ャ͡ ゑ ͡ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ∇ヰャ∠ ン͡ゲわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ (And of mankind is he who purchases Lahu Al-Hadit h t o mislead (men) from t he pat h of Allah), he said, "This -- by Allah -- refers t o singing.''

リ∠ハ モ ｚツ ͡ Β⊥ ャ͡ ゑ ͡ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ∇ヰャ∠ ン͡ゲわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ び∃ユ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ (And of mankind is he who purchases Lahw Al-Hadit h t o mislead (men) from t he pat h of Allah wit hout knowledge, ) Qat adah said: "By Allah, he may not spend money on it , but his purchasing it means he likes it , and t he more misguided he is, t he more he likes it and t he more he prefers falsehood t o t he t rut h and harmful t hings over beneficial t hings.'' It was said t hat what is meant by t he words

び͡ゑΑ͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ∇ヰャ∠ ン͡ゲわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ぴ (purchases idle t alks) is buying singing servant girls. Ibn Jarir said t hat it means all speech t hat hinders people from seeing t he signs of Allah and following His pat h. His saying:

び͡ヮヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ モ ｚツ ͡ Β⊥ ャ͡ぴ (t o mislead (men) from t he pat h of Allah) means, he does t his t o oppose Islam and it s followers.

び⇔やヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ ゅ∠ワグ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and t akes it by way of mockery.) Muj ahid said, "This means mocking t he pat h of Allah and making fun of it .''

び∀リΒ͡ヰョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (For such t here will be a humiliat ing t orment .) Just as t hey showed no respect t o t he signs and pat h of Allah, so t hey will be shown no respect on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and t hey will be subj ect ed t o a painful, ongoing t orment . Then Allah says:

∇ユャｚ ラ∠ほミ∠ や⇔ゲ͡ら∇ムわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヴｚャヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び⇔やゲ∇ホヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βル∠ ク⊥ ぺ⊥ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (And when Our Ayat are recit ed t o such a one, he t urns away in pride, as if he heard t hem not - as if t here were deafness in his ear.) means, when t hese Qur'anic verses are recit ed t o one who is fond of idleness and play, he t urns away from t hem and does not want t o hear t hem. He t urns a deaf ear t o t hem as if he can hear not hing, because it annoys him t o hear t hem since he gains no benefit from t hem and has no int erest in t hem.

び∃ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ロ⊥ ∇ゲゼ あ ら∠ プ∠ ぴ (So announce t o him a painful t orment .) i.e., on t he Day of Resurrect ion, which will hurt him j ust as much as list ening t o t he Book of Allah and it s verses hurt him.

ろ ⊥ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ボ∂ ェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ - ユ͡ Β͡バレｚ ャや び ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや (8. Verily, t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, for t hem are Gardens of Delight .) (9. To abide t herein. It is a promise of Allah in t rut h. And He is t he All-Might y, t he All-Wise.)

The Good Destiny of the Believers Here Allah ment ions t he dest iny of t he right eous in t he Hereaft er, t hose who believe in Allah and His Messenger and do right eous deeds in accordance wit h t he Laws of Allah.

び͡ユΒ͡バレｚ ャや ろ ⊥ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (for t hem are Gardens of Delight .) means, t here t hey will enj oy all kinds of delight s and pleasures, food, drink, clot hing, dwelling-places, means of t ransport at ion, women, a light of beaut y and delight ful sounds, which have never crossed t he mind of any human being. They will st ay t here forever, never leaving and never desiring change.

びゅ６ボェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ぴ (It is a promise of Allah in t rut h.) meaning, t his will undoubt edly come t o pass, for it is a promise from Allah, and Allah never breaks His promise, because He is t he Most Generous Best ower Who does what He wills and is able t o do all t hings.

び⊥ゴΑ͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He is t he All-Might y,) Who has subj ugat ed all t hings and t o Whom all t hings submit ,

び⊥ユΒ͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (t he All-Wise.) in what He says and what He does, Who has made t his Qur'an a guidance t o t he believers.

Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ∠ヱ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びヴ⇔ヨハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇ホ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ や∠クや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ (Say: "It is for t hose who believe, a guide and a healing. And as for t hose who disbelieve, t here is heaviness (deafness) in t heir ears, and it is blindness for t hem) (41:44).

る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケゅ∠ジカ ∠ Ι ｚ ま∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ (And We send down of t he Qur'an t hat which is a healing and a mercy t o t hose who believe, and it increases t he wrongdoers not hing but loss.) (17:82)

ヴ͡プ ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ギ∃ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ぴ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゑ ｚ よ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ギ∠ Β͡ヨゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ ∠シ ͡ や∠ヱケ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇わら∠ ∇ルほ∠プ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ や∠クゅ∠ョ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥ケほ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ペ ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ - ユ∃ Α͡ゲミ∠ ァ ∃ ∇ヱコ∠ びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや モ ͡ よ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや

(10. He has creat ed t he heavens wit hout any pillars t hat you see, and has set on t he eart h firm mount ains lest it should shake wit h you. And He has scat t ered t herein moving creat ures of all kinds. And We send down wat er from t he sky, and We cause (plant s) of every goodly kind t o grow t herein in pairs,) (11. This is t he creat ion of Allah. So, show Me t hat which t hose besides Him have creat ed. Nay, t he wrongdoers are in plain error.)

Proofs of Tawhid Thus Allah explains His might y power in creat ing t he heavens and t he eart h, and everyt hing t hat is wit hin t hem and bet ween t hem. He says:

び∃ギヨ∠ ハ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ぴ (He has creat ed t he heavens wit hout any pillars) Al-Hasan and Qat adah said, "It does not have any pillars, visible or invisible.''

び∠ヴシ ͡ や∠ヱケ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヴ∠ボ∇ャ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (and has set on t he eart h firm mount ains) means, t he mount ains which st abilize and lend weight t o t he eart h, lest it should shake wit h it s wat er. Allah says:

び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ギ∠ Β͡ヨゎ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ (lest it should shake wit h you.)

び∃るよｚ へ∠キ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゑ ｚ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He has scat t ered t herein moving creat ures of all kinds) means, He has placed t hroughout it all kinds of animals, t he t ot al number of whose kinds and colors is known t o no one except t he One Who creat ed t hem. When Allah t ells us t hat He is t he Creat or, He also reminds us t hat He is t he Provider, as He says:

あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇わら∠ ∇ルほ∠プ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ び∃ユΑ͡ゲミ∠ ァ ∃ ∇ヱコ∠ (And We send down wat er from t he sky, and We cause (plant s) of every goodly kind t o grow t herein in pairs,) meaning, every kind of good produce in pairs, i.e., t hey are beaut iful t o look at . Ash-Sha` bi said: "People are also produce of t he eart h, so whoever ent ers Paradise is goodly and whoever ent ers Hell is vile.''

び͡ヮヤｚャや ペ ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ

(This is t he creat ion of Allah.) means, all t hat Allah has ment ioned here of t he creat ion of t he heavens and eart h and everyt hing in bet ween st ems from His power of creat ion and cont rol alone, and He has no part ner or associat e in t hat , Allah says:

び͡ヮル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ や∠クゅ∠ョ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥ケほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So, show Me t hat which t hose besides Him have creat ed.) t hose idols and rivals whom you worship and call upon.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや モ ͡ よ∠ ぴ (Nay, t he wrongdoers) means t he idolat ors who associat e ot hers in worship wit h Allah

び∃モ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プぴ (in error) means, t hey are ignorant and blind.

び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ぴ (plain) means, it is clear and obvious, and not at all hidden.

リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇ゲム⊥ ∇セや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ボャ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ ｘ レ͡ ビ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ゲ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ∇ゲム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ び ∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ (12. And indeed We best owed upon Luqman Al-Hikmah saying: "Give t hanks t o Allah.'' And whoever gives t hanks, he gives t hanks for (t he good of) himself. And whoever is unt hankful, t hen verily, Allah is All-Rich, Wort hy of all praise.)

Luqman The Salaf differed over t he ident it y of Luqman; t here are t wo opinions: was he a Prophet or j ust a right eous servant of Allah wit hout t he prophet hood The maj orit y favored t he lat t er view, t hat he was a right eous servant of Allah wit hout being a Prophet . Sufyan At h-Thawri said, narrat ing from Al-Ash` at h, from ` Ikrimah, from Ibn ` Abbas, "Luqman was an Et hiopian slave who was a carpent er. ` Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr said, "I said t o Jabir bin ` Abdullah: ` What did you hear about Luqman' He said: ` He was short wit h a flat nose, and came from Nubia.''' Yahya bin Sa` id Al-Ansari narrat ed from Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib t hat "Luqman was from t he black peoples of (sout hern) Egypt , and had t hick lips. Allah gave him wisdom but wit hheld prophet hood from him.'' Al-` Awza` i said, "` Abdur-Rahman bin Harmalah t old me; ` A black man came t o Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib t o ask him a quest ion, and Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib said t o him: "Do

not be upset because you are black, for among t he best of people were t hree who were black: Bilal, Mahj a` t he freed slave of ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab, and Luqman t he Wise, who was a black Nubian wit h t hick lips.'' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Khalid Ar-Raba` i said: "Luqman was an Et hiopian slave who was a carpent er. His mast er said t o him, ` Slaught er t his sheep for us,' so he slaught ered it . ぴHis mast erび said: ` Bring t he best t wo pieces from it ,' so he brought out t he t ongue and t he heart . Then t ime passed, as much as Allah willed, and ぴhis mast erび said: ` Slaught er t his sheep for us,' so he slaught ered it . ぴHis mast erび said, ` Bring t he worst t wo morsels from it ,' so he brought out t he t ongue and t he heart . His mast er said t o him, ` I t old you t o bring out t he best t wo pieces, and you brought t hese, t hen I t old you t o bring out t he worst t wo pieces, and you brought t hese!' Luqman said, ` There is not hing bet t er t han t hese if t hey are good, and t here is not hing worse t han t hese if t hey are bad.''' Shu` bah narrat ed from Al-Hakam, from Muj ahid, "Luqman was a right eous servant , but he was not a Prophet .'' Allah's saying:

び∠るヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ボャ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed We best owed upon Luqman Al-Hikmah) means, underst anding, knowledge and eloquence.

び͡ヮヤｚャ ∇ゲム⊥ ∇セや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ぴ (saying: "Give t hanks t o Allah.'') means, ` We commanded him t o give t hanks t o Allah for t he blessings and favors t hat Allah had given t o him alone among his people and cont emporaries.' Then Allah says:

び͡ヮジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ゲ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ∇ゲム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever gives t hanks, he gives t hanks for (t he good of) himself.) meaning, t he benefit of t hat will come back t o him, and Allah's reward is for t hose who give t hanks, as He says:

び∠ラヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル６Κプ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and whosoever does right eous good deeds, t hen such will prepare a good place for t hemselves. ) (30:44)

び∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ヴ ｘ レ͡ ビ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever is unt hankful, t hen verily, Allah is Rich, Wort hy of all praise.) He has no need of His servant s and He will not be harmed by t hat , even if all t he people of t he eart h were t o disbelieve, for He has no need of anyt hing or anyone besides Himself. There is no God but He, and we worship none but Him.

∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヴ ｚ レ∠ ら⊥ Α∠ ヮ⊥ ヌ ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ レ͡ ∇よΙ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇ボャ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡ や ゅ∠レ∇Βタ ｚ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ユ∇ヤヌ ⊥ ∠ャ ポ ∠ ∇ゲゼ あ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ダプ͡ ヱ∠ リ ∃ ∇ワヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔レ∇ワヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁョぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇わヤ∠ヨ∠ ェ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ よ͡ - ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ マ ∠ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゲム⊥ ∇セや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βョ∠ ゅ∠ハ ヮ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡よ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ポ ∠ や∠ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ⇔プヱ⊥ゲ∇バョ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇ら͡エ⇒∠タ∠ヱ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇バ͡トゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∀ユ∇ヤ͡ハ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ モ ∠ Β͡らシ ∠ ∇ノら͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらル∠ ほ⊥プ∠ (13. And when Luqman said t o his son when he was advising him: "O my son! Join not in worship ot hers wit h Allah. Verily, j oining ot hers in worship wit h Allah is a great Zulm (wrong) indeed.'') (14. And We have enj oined on man (t o be dut iful and good) t o his parent s. His mot her bore him in weakness and hardship upon weakness and hardship, and his weaning is in t wo years -- give t hanks t o Me and t o your parent s. Unt o Me is t he final dest inat ion.) (15. But if t hey st rive wit h you t o make you j oin in worship wit h Me ot hers t hat of which you have no knowledge, t hen obey t hem not ; but behave wit h t hem in t he world kindly, and follow t he pat h of him who t urns t o Me in repent ance and in obedience. Then t o Me will be your ret urn, and I shall t ell you what you used t o do.)

Luqman's Advice to His Son Allah t ells us how Luqman advised his son. His full name was Luqman bin ` Anqa' bin Sadun, and his son's name was Tharan, according t o a saying quot ed by As-Suhayli. Allah describes him in t he best t erms, and st at es t hat he grant ed him wisdom. Luqman advised his son, t he closest and most beloved of all people t o him, who deserved t o be given t he best of his knowledge. So, Luqman st art ed by advising him t o worship Allah Alone, and not t o associat e anyt hing wit h Him. Then he warned him:

び∀ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ∀ユ∇ヤヌ ⊥ ∠ャ ポ ∠ ∇ゲゼ あ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, j oining ot hers in worship wit h Allah is a great Zulm (wrong) indeed.) meaning, it is t he great est wrong. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Abdullah said: "When t he Ayah

び∃ユ∇ヤヌ ⊥ ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ジら͡ ∇ヤΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ

(It is t hose who believe and confuse not t heir belief wit h Zulm)(6:82) was revealed, t he Companions of t he Messenger of Allah were dist ressed by t his, and said, ` Who among us does not confuse his belief wit h Zulm' The Messenger of Allah said:

:ラ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ボャ⊥ メ ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∩∠ポや∠グよ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡» «び∀ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ∀ユ∇ヤヌ ⊥ ∠ャ ポ ∠ ∇ゲゼ あ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヴ ｚ レ∠ ら⊥ Α∠ ぴ (That is not what it means. Have you not heard what Luqman said: (O my son! Join not in worship ot hers wit h Allah. Verily, j oining ot hers in worship wit h Allah is a great Zulm (wrong) indeed))'' It was recorded by Muslim. When Luqman advised his son t o worship Allah Alone, he also t old him t o honor his parent s. This is like t he Ayah,

リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒ｚΑま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び⇔ゅレ⇒∠ジ∇ェま͡ (And your Lord has decreed t hat you worship none but Him. And t hat you be dut iful t o your parent s) (17:23). These t wo t hings are oft en ment ioned t oget her in t he Qur'an. Allah says here:

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔レ∇ワヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁョぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇わヤ∠ヨ∠ ェ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ よ͡ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡ や ゅ∠レ∇Βタ ｚ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∃リ∇ワヱ∠ (And We have enj oined on man (t o be dut iful and good) t o his parent s. His mot her bore him in weakness and hardship upon weakness and hardship,) Muj ahid said: "The hardship of bearing t he child.'' Qat adah said: "Exhaust ion upon exhaust ion.'' ` At a' Al-Khurasani said: "Weakness upon weakness.''

び͡リ∇Βョ∠ ゅ∠ハ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ダプ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and his weaning is in t wo years) means, aft er he is born, he is breast fed and weaned wit hin t wo years. This is like t he Ayah,

∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ョ͡ ゅ∠ミ リ ͡ ∇Βャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇バッ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ れ ⊥ ギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ び∠るハ ∠ ゅ∠ッゲｚ ャや ｚユわ͡ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ (The mot hers shall give suck t o t heir children for t wo whole years, for t hose who desire t o complet e t he t erm of suckling)(2:233). On t his basis, Ibn ` Abbas and ot her Imams underst ood t hat t he short est possible period of pregnancy was six mont hs, because Allah says elsewhere:

び⇔やゲ∇ヰセ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をΚ ∠ を∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ダプ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ヨェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t he bearing of him, and t he weaning of him is t hirt y mont hs) (46:15). Allah ment ions how t he mot her brings t he child up, and how she get s t ired and suffers st ress from st aying up wit h t he child night and day, t o remind t he son of her previous kind t reat ment of him. This is like t he Ayah,

びや⇔ゲΒ͡ピタ ∠ ヴ͡ルゅ∠Βよｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ケや ゆ あ ケｚ モ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ (and say: "My Lord! Best ow on t hem Your mercy as t hey did bring me up when I was young.'') (17:24). Allah says here:

び⊥ゲΒ͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ マ ∠ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゲム⊥ ∇セや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ぴ (give t hanks t o Me and t o your parent s. Unt o Me is t he final dest inat ion.) means, ` I will reward you most generously for t hat .'

ヮ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡よ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ポ ∠ や∠ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇バト ͡ ゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∀ユ∇ヤ͡ハ (But if t hey st rive wit h you t o make you j oin in worship wit h Me ot hers t hat of which you have no knowledge, t hen obey t hem not ;) means, if t hey t ry hard t o make you follow t hem in t heir religion, t hen do not accept t hat from t hem, but do not let t hat st op you from behaving wit h t hem in t he world kindly, i.e. t reat ing t hem wit h respect .

びｚヴャ∠ま͡ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ モ ∠ Β͡らシ ∠ ∇ノら͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (and follow t he pat h of him who t urns t o Me in repent ance and in obedience.) means, t he believers.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらル∠ ほ⊥プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then t o Me will be your ret urn, and I shall t ell you what you used t o do.) At -Tabarani recorded in Al-` Ishrah t hat Sa` d bin Malik said, "This Ayah,

ヮ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡よ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ポ ∠ や∠ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇バト ͡ ゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∀ユ∇ヤ͡ハ

(But if t hey st rive wit h you t o make you j oin in worship wit h Me ot hers t hat of which you have no knowledge, t hen obey t hem not ;) was revealed concerning me. I was a man who honored his mot her, but when I became Muslim, she said: ` O Sa` d! What is t his new t hing I see you doing Leave t his religion of yours, or I will not eat or drink unt il I die, and people will say: Shame on you, for what you have done t o me, and t hey will say t hat you have killed your mot her.' I said, ` Do not do t hat , O mot her, for I will not give up t his religion of mine for anyt hing.' She st ayed wit hout eat ing for one day and one night , and she became exhaust ed; t hen she st ayed for anot her day and night wit hout eat ing, and she became ut t erly exhaust ed. When I saw t hat , I said: ` O my mot her, by Allah, even if you had one hundred souls and t hey were t o depart one by one, I would not give up t his religion of mine for anyt hing, so if you want t o, eat , and if you want t o, do not eat .' So she at e.''

ヴ͡プ ∇リム⊥ わ∠ プ∠ メ ∃ キ∠ ∇ゲカ ∠ ∇リョあ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ マ ⊥ ゎ∠ ラ͡ま べ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ ヴ ｚ レ∠ ら⊥ Αぴ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ヱぺ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ヱぺ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ ∇ガタ ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ͡ ホ͡ ぺ∠ ｚヴレ∠ ら⊥ Α - ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∀ブΒ͡ト∠ャ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヮ∠ ∇ルや∠ヱ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ゲョ⊥ ∇ぺヱ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ケ͡ ヲ⊥ョΙ ｙ や ュ͡ ∇ゴハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョ ゅ⇔ェ∠ゲョ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ズ ͡ ∇ヨゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ポ ∠ ギｚ カ ∠ ∇ゲバあ ダ ∠ ゎ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ギダ ͡ ∇ホや∠ヱ - ケ∃ ヲ⊥ガプ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠わ∇ガョ⊥ ｚモミ⊥ ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇タΙ ｘ や ゲ∠ ム∠ ル∠ぺ ラ ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ヲタ ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ヂツ ⊥ ∇ビや∠ヱ マ ∠ Β͡ ∇ゼョ∠ び ゲ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや れ ⊥ ∇ヲダ ∠ ャ∠ (16. "O my son! If it be (anyt hing) equal t o t he weight of a grain of must ard seed, and t hough it be in a rock, or in t he heavens or on t he eart h, Allah will bring it fort h. Verily, Allah is Subt le, Well-Aware.'') (17. "O my son! Perform t he Salah, enj oin t he good, and forbid t he evil, and bear wit h pat ience what ever befalls you. Verily, t hese are some of t he import ant commandment s.'') (18. "And t urn not your face away from men wit h pride, nor walk in insolence t hrough t he eart h. Verily, Allah likes not any arrogant boast er.'') (19. "And be moderat e in your walking, and lower your voice. Verily, t he harshest of all voices is t he braying of t he asses.'')

This is useful advice which Allah tells us Luqman gave, so that people may follow it and take it as a good example. He said:

び∃メキ∠ ∇ゲカ ∠ ∇リョあ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ マ ⊥ ゎ∠ ラ͡ま べ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ ヴ ｚ レ∠ ら⊥ Αぴ

(O my son! If it be (anyt hing) equal t o t he weight of a grain of must ard seed, ) means, if a wrong act ion or a sin be equal t o t he size of a grain of must ard seed.

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ゅ∠ヰよ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ぴ (Allah will bring it fort h.) means, He will bring it fort h on t he Day of Resurrect ion, when it is placed in t he Scales of j ust ice and everyone is rewarded or punished for his act ions -- if t hey are good, he will be rewarded and if t hey are bad he will be punished. This is like t he Ayat :

ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ヌゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ テ ∠ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ Α͡コヲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ツ ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び⇔ゅゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル (And We shall set up Balances of j ust ice on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hen none will be dealt wit h unj ust ly in anyt hing) (21:47).

∇モヨ∠ ⇒∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ヨ∠プぴ び ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ や⇔ゲ∂ セ ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ (So, whosoever does good equal t o t he weight of a speck of dust shall see it . And whosoever does evil equal t o t he weight of a speck of dust shall see it .) (99:7-8) Even if t his t iny t hing were t o be hidden inside a solid rock or anywhere in t he heavens and t he eart h, Allah will bring it fort h, because not hing is hidden from Him, not even t he weight of a speck of dust in t he heavens or on t he eart h. Allah says:

び∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∀ブΒ͡ト∠ャ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is Subt le, Well-Aware.) meaning, His knowledge is subt le, for not hing is hidden from Him, no mat t er how small, subt le and minut e.

び∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ぴ (Well-Aware.) even of t he foot st eps of an ant in t he darkest night . Then he (Luqman) said:

び∠りヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ͡ ホ͡ ぺ∠ ヴ ｚ レ∠ ら⊥ Αぴ (O my son! Perform t he Salah,) meaning, offer t he prayer properly at t he appoint ed t imes.

び͡ゲム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヮ∠ ∇ルや∠ヱ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ゲョ⊥ ∇ぺヱ∠ ぴ (enj oin t he good, and forbid t he evil,) meaning, t o t he best of your abilit y and st rengt h.

び∠マよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タや∠ヱぴ (and bear wit h pat ience what ever befalls you.) Luqman knew t hat whoever enj oins what is good and forbids what is evil, will inevit ably encount er harm and annoyance from people, so he t old him t o be pat ient .

び͡ケヲ⊥ョΙ ｙ や ュ͡ ∇ゴハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hese are some of t he import ant commandment s.) means, being pat ient when people cause harm or annoyance is one of t he most import ant commandment s.

び͡サゅｚレヤ͡ャ ポ ∠ ギｚ カ ∠ ∇ゲバあ ダ ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t urn not your face away from men wit h pride) means, ` do not t urn your face away from people when you speak t o t hem or t hey speak t o you, looking down on t hem in an arrogant fashion. Rat her be gent le t owards t hem and greet t hem wit h a cheerful face,' as it says in t he Hadit h:

ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ∩∀テジ ͡ ら∠ ∇レョ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ マ ∠ ヰ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇ヤゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ » ゅ∠ャ る⊥ ヤ∠Β͡ガヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩͡るヤ∠Β͡ガヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ͡み∠プ ケ͡ や∠コみ͡∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ら∇シま͡ヱ∠ «ぶや ゅ∠ヰらぁ ͡エΑ⊥ (... even if it is only by greet ing your brot her wit h a cheerful count enance. And beware of let t ing your lower garment t rail below your ankles, for t his is a kind of boast ing, and Allah does not like boast ing.)

びゅ⇔ェゲ∠ ョ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ズ ͡ ∇ヨゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor walk in insolence t hrough t he eart h.) means, ` do not be boast ful, arrogant , proud and st ubborn. Do not do t hat , for Allah will hat e you.' So he said:

び∃ケヲ⊥ガプ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠わ∇ガョ⊥ ｚモミ⊥ ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah likes not any arrogant boast er.) meaning, one who shows off and admires himself, feeling t hat he is bet t er t han ot hers. And Allah says:

ベ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガゎ∠ リ∠ャ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ェゲ∠ ョ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ズ ͡ ∇ヨゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びΙ ⇔ ヲ⊥デ メ ∠ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らゎ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや (And walk not on t he eart h wit h conceit and arrogance. Verily, you can neit her rend nor penet rat e t he eart h nor can you at t ain a st at ure like t he mount ains in height .) (17:37). We have already discussed t his is det ail in t he appropriat e place.

The Command to be Moderate in Walking

び∠マΒ͡ ∇ゼョ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ギダ ͡ ∇ホや∠ヱぴ (And be moderat e in your walking,) means, walk in a moderat e manner, neit her slow and lazy nor excessively fast , but be moderat e, somewhere in bet ween t hese t wo ext remes.

び∠マゎ͡ ∇ヲタ ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ヂツ ⊥ ∇ビや∠ヱぴ (and lower your voice.) means, do not exaggerat e in your speaking and do not raise your voice unnecessarily. Allah says:

び͡ゲΒ͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや れ ⊥ ∇ヲダ ∠ ャ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇タΙ ｘ や ゲ∠ ム∠ ル∠ぺ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he harshest of all voices is t he braying of t he asses.) Muj ahid and ot hers said, "The most ugly of voices is t he voice of t he donkey, i.e., when a person raises his voice, t he result ing noise is like t he voice of a donkey in it s loudness. Moreover t his is hat eful t o Allah. Likening a loud voice t o t hat of a donkey implies t hat it is forbidden and ext remely blamewort hy, because t he Messenger of Allah said:

ょ ͡ ∇ヤム∠ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ヮ͡ わ͡ ら∠ ワ͡ ヶ͡プ ギ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠バ∇ャや ∩͡￢ヲぁジャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠» «ヮ͡ゃ∇Βホ∠ ヶ͡プ キ⊥ ヲ⊥バΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ￢⊥ ヶ͡ボΑ∠ (It is not befit t ing us t o be an evil parable. The person who t akes back his gift , he is like a dog t hat vomit s and t hen goes back t o his vomit .)

The Advice of Luqman This is very useful advice, which t he Qur'an t ells us about Luqman. Many ot her proverbs and words of advice were also narrat ed from him, some examples of which we will quot e below, as basic principles: Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ネ ∠ キ∠ ∇ヲわ∠ ∇シや や∠クま͡ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ユ∠ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ボャ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡» «ヮ∠ヌヘ͡ ェ ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ (Luqman t he Wise used t o say: when somet hing is ent rust ed t o t he care of Allah, He prot ect s it .) It was narrat ed t hat As-Sari bin Yahya said: "Luqman said t o his son: ` Wisdom put s t he poor in t he company of kings.''' It was also narrat ed t hat ` Awn bin ` Abdullah said: "Luqman said t o his son: ` O my son! When you come t o a gat hering of people, greet t hem wit h Salam, t hen sit at t he edge of t he group, and do not speak unt il you see t hat t hey have finished speaking. Then if t hey remember Allah, j oin t hem, but if t hey speak of anyt hing else, t hen leave t hem and go t o anot her group'.''

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ る⇔ レ∠ デ ͡ ゅ∠よ∠ヱ り⇔ ゲ∠ ヰ͡ ⇒∠ニ ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ バ∠ ル͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヒ∠ ら∠ ∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ͡プ メ ⊥ ギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ゲ∃ Β͡レョぁ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ ノ⊥ ら͡ わｚ ル∠ ∇モよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ び ゲ͡ Β͡バジ ｚ ャや ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ (20. See you not t hat Allah has subj ect ed for you what soever is in t he heavens and what soever is on t he eart h, and has complet ed and perfect ed His graces upon you, apparent and hidden Yet of mankind is he who disput es about Allah wit hout knowledge or guidance or a Book giving light !) (21. And when it is said t o t hem: "Follow t hat which Allah has sent down,'' t hey say: "Nay, we shall follow t hat which we found our fat hers (following).'' Even if Shayt an invit es t hem t o t he t orment of t he Fire)

Reminder of Blessings Here Allah reminds His creat ion of t he blessings He best ows upon t hem in t his world and t he Hereaft er. In t he heavens He has subj ugat ed for t hem t he st ars which give t hem light during t he night and during t he day, and He has creat ed clouds, rain, snow and hail, and made t he heavens a canopy which covers and prot ect s t hem. On eart h He has creat ed for t hem st abilit y and rivers, t rees, crops and fruit s; He has complet ed and perfect ed His graces upon t hem, apparent and hidden, by sending Messengers, revealing Books and removing doubt s and excuses. Yet despit e all t his, not all t he people believe, and indeed t here are t hose who disput e concerning Allah, t hat is, His Tawhid, and His sending t he Messengers. Their disput e is wit hout knowledge and t hey have no sound evidence or valid inherit ed Book. Allah says:

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ͡プ メ ⊥ ギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ リ∠ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱぴ び ゲ∃ Β͡レョぁ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ (And among men is he who disput es about Allah, wit hout knowledge or guidance, or a Book giving light (from Allah).) (22:8) meaning clear and unambiguous.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when it is said t o t hem) means, t o t hese people who disput e about t he Oneness of Allah.

び⊥ヮヤｚャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ やぴ ("Follow t hat which Allah has sent down,'') means, t he pure Divine Laws t hat He has sent down t o His Messengers,

びゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ ノ⊥ ら͡ わｚ ル∠ ∇モよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (t hey say: "Nay, we shall follow t hat which we found our fat hers (following).'') means, t hey have no ot her proof except t he fact t hat t hey are following t heir forefat hers. Allah says:

び∠ラヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや∠￢ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Even t hough t heir fat hers did not underst and anyt hing nor were t hey guided) (2:170) meaning, ` what do you t hink, you who t ake t he forefat hers' deeds as proof, t hat t hey were misguided and you are following in t heir foot st eps' Allah says:

び͡ゲΒ͡バジ ｚ ャや ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Even if Shayt an invit es t hem t o t he t orment of t he Fire)

ギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ ∀リ͡ジ∇エョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ∇ユヤ͡∇ジΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ョΙ ｘ や る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇をヲ⊥ ∇ャや り͡ ヱ∠ ∇ゲバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シや ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ヘミ⊥ マ ∠ ル⊥ゴ∇エΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ -

- ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ヰゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ レ⊥ プ∠ びナ ∃ Β͡ヤビ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲぁ ト ∠ ∇ツル∠ ｚユを⊥ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ あわヨ∠ ル⊥ (22. And whosoever submit s his face (himself) t o Allah, while he is a Muhsin, t hen he has grasped t he most t rust wort hy handhold. And t o Allah ret urn all mat t ers for decision.) (23. And whoever disbelieves, let not his disbelief grieve you. To Us is t heir ret urn, and We shall inform t hem what t hey have done. Verily, Allah is t he All-Knower of what is in t he breast s.) (24. We let t hem enj oy for a lit t le while, t hen in t he end We shall oblige t hem t o (ent er) a great t orment .) Allah t ells us t hat whoever submit s his face t o Allah, i.e., does deeds sincerely for His sake, submit s t o His commandment s and follows His Laws,

び∀リジ ͡ ∇エョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (while he is a Muhsin) i.e., doing what his Lord has commanded and abst aining from what He has forbidden,

びヴ∠ボ∇をヲ⊥ ∇ャや り͡ ヱ∠ ∇ゲバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シや ギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t hen he has grasped t he most t rust wort hy handhold.) means, he has received a firm promise from Allah t hat He will not punish him.

マ ∠ ル⊥ゴ∇エΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ョΙ ｘ や る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ロゲ⊥ ∇ヘミ⊥ (And t o Allah ret urn all mat t ers for decision. And whoever disbelieves, let not his disbelief grieve you.) means, ` do not grieve over t hem, O Muhammad, because t hey disbelieve in Allah and in t he Message you have brought , for t heir ret urn will be t o Allah and He will t ell t hem what t hey used t o do,' i.e., He will punish t hem for it .

び͡ケヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is t he All-Knower of what is in t he breast s.) and not hing what soever is hidden from Him. Then Allah says:

び⇔ΚΒ͡ヤホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ あわヨ∠ ル⊥ ぴ (We let t hem enj oy for a lit t le while,) means, in t his world,

び∇ユワ⊥ ゲぁ ト ∠ ∇ツル∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ

(t hen in t he end We shall oblige t hem) means, ` We shall cause t hem,'

び∃ナΒ͡ヤビ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (t o (ent er) a great t orment .) means, a t orment t hat is t errifying and difficult t o bear. This is like t he Ayah,

Ι ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ギ∠ Α͡ギゼ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ボ⊥ Α͡グル⊥ ("Verily, t hose who invent a lie against Allah, will never be successful.'' Enj oyment in t his world! and t hen unt o Us will be t heir ret urn, t hen We shall make t hem t ast e t he severest t orment because t hey used t o disbelieve.) (10:69-70)

チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ リ͡ゃ∠ャ∠ヱぴ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇モよ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ｚ ャ⊥ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ ヴ ぁ レ͡ ピ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ び ギ⊥ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや (25. And if you ask t hem: "Who has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h,'' t hey will cert ainly say: "Allah.'' Say: "All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah!'' But most of t hem know not .) (26. To Allah belongs what soever is in t he heavens and t he eart h. Verily, Allah, He is Al-Ghani, Wort hy of all praise.)

The Idolators admitted that Allah is the Creator Allah t ells us t hat t hese idolat ors who associat ed ot hers wit h Him admit t ed t hat Allah Alone, wit h no part ner or associat e, is t he Creat or of heaven and eart h yet t hey st ill worshipped ot hers besides Him who t hey recognized were creat ed by Him and subj ugat ed t o Him. Allah says:

チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ リ͡ゃ∠ャ∠ヱぴ び͡ヮヤｚャ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ｚ ャ⊥ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠

(And if you ask t hem: "Who has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h,'' t hey will cert ainly say: "Allah.'' Say: "All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah!'') By t heir admit t ing t hat , proof is est ablished against t hem,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (But most of t hem know not .) Then Allah says:

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャぴ (To Allah belongs what soever is in t he heavens and t he eart h.) meaning, He creat ed it and has dominion over it .

び⊥ギΒ͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ぁ レ͡ ピ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah, He is Al-Ghani, Wort hy of all praise.) means, He has no need of anyone or anyt hing besides Himself, and everyt hing else is in need of Him. He is Wort hy of praise for all t hat He has creat ed, so praise be t o Him in t he heavens and on eart h for all t hat He has creat ed and decreed, and He is wort hy of praise in all affairs.

ゲ⊥ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ュ∀ Κ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ リ͡ョ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ミ∠ ∇れギ∠ ヘ͡ ル∠ ゅｚョ ゲ∃ エ ⊥ ∇よぺ∠ る⊥ バ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ぁギヨ⊥ Α∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ん⊥ ∇バよ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅｚョ - ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ び ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ り∃ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘレ∠ ミ∠ (27. And if all t he t rees on t he eart h were pens and t he sea, wit h seven seas behind it t o add t o it , yet t he Words of Allah would not be exhaust ed. Verily, Allah is All-Might y, All-Wise.) (28. The creat ion of you all and t he resurrect ion of you all are only as a single person. Verily, Allah is All-Hearer, All-Seer.)

The Words of Allah cannot be counted or exhausted Allah t ells us of His might , pride, maj est y, beaut iful Names and sublime at t ribut es, and His perfect Words which no one can encompass. No human being knows t heir essence or nat ure, or how many t hey are. As t he Leader of Mankind and Seal of t he Messengers said:

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βレ∠ ∇をぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ￢⇔ ゅ∠レを∠ ヶ͡ダ∇ェぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» «マ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ (I cannot praise You enough; You are as You have praised yourself.) Allah says:

ゲ⊥ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ュ∀ Κ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ リ͡ョ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ミ∠ ∇れギ∠ ヘ͡ ル∠ ゅｚョ ゲ∃ エ ⊥ ∇よぺ∠ る⊥ バ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ぁギヨ⊥ Α∠ (And if all t he t rees on t he eart h were pens and t he sea, wit h seven seas behind it t o add t o it s, yet t he Words of Allah would not be exhaust ed.) meaning, even if all t he t rees on eart h were made int o pens and t he sea was made int o ink, and t opped up wit h seven more like it , and t hey were used t o writ e t he Words of Allah showing His might , at t ribut es and maj est y, t he pens would break and t he ink would run dry, even if more were brought . The number seven is used t o indicat e a large amount , it is not t o be t aken lit erally or t o be underst ood as referring t o t he seven oceans of t he world, as was suggest ed by t hose who t ook t his idea from Israelit e st ories, which we neit her believe nor rej ect . As Allah says elsewhere:

ゲ⊥ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ヘ͡ レ∠ ャ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ ャあ や⇔キや∠ギョ͡ ゲ⊥ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャｚ モ⊥ホぴ び や⇔キ∠ギョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んヨ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ミ∠ ギ∠ ヘ∠ レ∠ゎ ラ∠ぺ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ (Say: "If t he sea were ink for t he Words of my Lord, surely, t he sea would be exhaust ed before t he Words of my Lord would be finished, even if We brought like it for it s aid.'') (18:109). The words

び͡ヮ͡ヤ∇ん͡ヨ͡よぴ (like it ) do not mean merely anot her one, but anot her like it and anot her and anot her and anot her, et c., because t here is no limit t o t he signs and Words of Allah.

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ぴ (Verily, Allah is All-Might y, All-Wise.) means, He is All-Might y and has subj ugat ed all t hings t o His will, so not hing can prevent what He wills, and none can oppose or put back His decision. He is All-Wise in His creat ion, commands, Words, act ions, Laws and all His affairs.

び∃りギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘレ∠ ミ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ん⊥ ∇バよ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅｚョぴ

(The creat ion of you all and t he resurrect ion of you all are only as a single person.) means, His creat ion and resurrect ion of all of mankind on t he Day of Resurrect ion is, in relat ion t o His power, like t he creat ion and resurrect ion of a single soul; all of t his is easy for Him.

びラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ リ⊥ミ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, His command, when He int ends a t hing, is only t hat He says t o it , "Be!'' -- and it is!) (36:82)

び ゲ͡ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ウ ∃ ∇ヨヤ∠ミ∠ り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And Our commandment is but one as t he t winkling of an eye. ) (54:50). This means He only has t o command a t hing once, and it will happen. There is no need for Him t o repeat it or confirm it .

び り͡ ゲ∠ ワ͡ ゅｚジャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ワ や∠クみ͡プ∠ - り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ∇ィコ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プぴ (But it will be only a single Zaj rah. When behold, t hey find t hemselves on t he surface of t he eart h alive aft er t heir deat h.)(79:13)

び∀ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is All-Hearer, All-Seer.) means, j ust as He hears all t hat t hey say, so He also sees all t hat t hey do, as if He is hearing and seeing a single soul. His power over all of t hem is like His power over a single soul, Allah says:

び∃りギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘレ∠ ミ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ん⊥ ∇バよ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅｚョぴ (The creat ion of you all and t he resurrect ion of you all are only as a single person.)

ア ⊥ ャ͡ヲ⊥Αヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ヴ͡プ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ア ⊥ ャ͡ヲ⊥Α ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ヴ͡プ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ゲ∇イΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ び ゲ⊥ Β͡らム∠ ∇ャや ヴ ぁ ヤ͡バ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ

(29. See you not t hat Allah merges t he night int o t he day, and merges t he day int o t he night , and has subj ect ed t he sun and t he moon, each running it s course for a t erm appoint ed; and t hat Allah is All-Aware of what you do. ) (30. That is because Allah, He is t he Trut h, and t hat which t hey invoke besides Him is falsehood; and t hat Allah, He is t he Most High, t he Most Great .)

The Might and Power of Allah Allah tells us that He

び͡ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ヴ͡プ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ア ⊥ ャ͡ヲ⊥Αぴ (merges t he night int o t he day,) meaning, He t akes from t he night and adds t o t he day, so t hat t he day becomes longer and t he night short er, which is what happens in summer when t he days are longest ; t hen t he day st art s t o become short er and t he night longer, which is what happens in wint er.

モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ゲ∇イΑ∠ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ (and has subj ect ed t he sun and t he moon, each running it s course for a t erm appoint ed;) It was said t hat t his means, each runs wit hin it s set limit s, or it means unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion; bot h meanings are correct . The first view is support ed by t he Hadit h of Abu Dharr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, in t he Two Sahihs, according t o which t he Messenger of Allah said:

«∨⊥ザ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ょ ⊥ ワ∠ ∇グゎ∠ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ヵ͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ぺ∠ ケ∠ ク∠ ゅ∠よ∠ぺ ゅ∠Α» (O Abu Dharr! Do you know where t his sun goes) I (Abu Dharr) said: "Allah and His Messenger know best .'' He said:

ラ ⊥ ク͡ ∇ほわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡ス∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ギ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ジわ∠ プ∠ ょ ⊥ ワ∠ ∇グゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ み͡プ∠ » ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヶ͡バィ ͡ ∇ケや :ゅ∠ヰャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ マ ⊥セ ͡ ヲ⊥Βプ∠ ゅ∠ヰよｚ ケ∠ «ろ∇ゃィ ͡ (It goes and prost rat es beneat h t he Throne, t hen it seeks permission from it s Lord, and soon it will be said: "Go back from whence you came.'') Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The sun is like flowing wat er, running in it s course in t he sky during t he day. When it set s, it t ravels in it s course beneat h t he eart h unt il it rises in t he east .'' He said, "The same is t rue in t he case of t he moon.'' It s chain of narrat ion is Sahih.

び∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat Allah is All-Aware of what you do.) This is like t he Ayah,

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Know you not t hat Allah knows all t hat is in t he heaven and t he eart h) (22:70). The meaning is t hat Allah is t he Creat or Who knows all t hings, as He says:

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ れ ∃ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨシ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ びｚリヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ (It is Allah Who has creat ed seven heavens and of t he eart h t he like t hereof) (65:12).

ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ び⊥モト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや (That is because Allah, He is t he Trut h, and t hat which t hey invoke besides Him is falsehood;) means, He shows you His Signs so t hat you may know from t hem t hat He is t he Trut h, i.e., He t ruly exist s and is t ruly divine, and t hat all else besides Him is falsehood. He has no need of anyt hing else, but everyt hing else is dependent on Him, because everyt hing in heaven and on eart h is creat ed by Him and is enslaved by Him; none of t hem could move even an at om's weight except wit h His permission. If all t he people of heaven and eart h were t o come t oget her t o creat e a fly, t hey would not be able t o do so. Allah says:

ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ら∠ム∇ャや ヴ ぁ ヤ͡バ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや (That is because Allah, He is t he Trut h, and t hat which t hey invoke besides Him is falsehood; and t hat Allah, He is t he Most High, t he Most Great .) meaning, He is t he Most High and t here is none higher t han Him, and He is t he Most Great Who is great er t han everyt hing. Everyt hing is subj ugat ed and insignificant in comparison t o Him.

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ マ ∠ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ケ∃ ゅｚらタ ∠ モ あ ム⊥ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΙ ∂ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ゲ͡ Β⊥ ャ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ ハ ∠ キ∠ モ ͡ ヤ∠ヌ ぁ ャゅ∠ミ ∀ァ∇ヲョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ゼ ͡ビ ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ - ケ∃ ヲ⊥ムセ ∠

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒ｚイル∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ リ ∠ Αあギャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ダヤ͡∇ガョ⊥ び ケ∃ ヲ⊥ヘミ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚわカ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ギ⊥ エ ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ギ∀ ダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ボョぁ (31. See you not t hat t he ships sail t hrough t he sea by Allah's grace t hat He may show you of His signs Verily, in t his are signs for every pat ient , grat eful (person).) (32. And when waves cover t hem like shades, t hey invoke Allah, making t heir invocat ions for Him only. But when He brings t hem safe t o land, t here are among t hem t hose t hat st op in bet ween. And Our Ayat are not denied except by every Khat t ar Kafur.)

Allah tells us that He is the One Who has subjugated the sea so that ships may sail on it by His command, i.e., by His grace and power. For if He did not give t he wat er t he st rengt h t o carry t he ships, t hey would not sail. So he says:

び͡ヮわ͡ ⇒Α∠ や∠￢ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ゲ͡ Β⊥ ャ͡ぴ (t hat He may show you of His signs) meaning, by His power.

び∃ケヲ⊥ムセ ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚらタ ∠ モ あ ム⊥ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t his are signs for every pat ient , grat eful.) means, every person who bears difficult y wit h pat ience and who gives t hanks at t imes of ease. Then Allah says:

び͡モヤ∠ヌ ぁ ャゅ∠ミ ∀ァ∇ヲョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ゼ ͡ビ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when waves cover t hem like shades,) meaning, like mount ains or clouds,

び∠リΑあギャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ダヤ͡∇ガョ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ ハ ∠ キ∠ ぴ (t hey invoke Allah, making t heir invocat ions for Him only.) This is like t he Ayah,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ リ∠ョ モ ｚッ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゲぁ ツ ぁ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚジョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ロゅｚΑ͡ま Ι ∠ ま͡ (And when harm t ouches you upon t he sea, t hose t hat you call upon vanish from you except Him) (17:67).

び͡マ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥らミ͡ ケ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ

(And when t hey embark on a ship...) (29:65) Then Allah says:

び∀ギダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ボョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒ｚイル∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (But when He brings t hem safe t o land, t here are among t hem t hose t hat st op in bet ween.) Muj ahid said, "This refers t o t he disbelievers -- as if he int erpret ed t he word Muqt asid t o mean denier as in t he Ayah,

び∠ラヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クま͡ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅｚイル∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (but when He brings t hem safely t o land, behold, t hey give a share of t heir worship t o ot hers) (29:65).

び∃ケヲ⊥ヘミ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚわカ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠レわ͡ ⇒Α∠ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ ギ⊥ エ ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And Our Ayat are not denied except by every Khat t ar Kafur.) Khat t ar means one who bet rays or st abs in t he back. This was t he view of Muj ahid, Al-Hasan, Qat adah and Malik, narrat ing from Zayd bin Aslam. This word describes a person who, whenever he makes a promise, breaks his promise, and it refers t o t he worst form of t reachery.

び∀ケヲ⊥ヘミ∠ ぴ (Kafur) means, one who denies blessings and does not give t hanks for t hem, rat her he forget s t hem and does not remember t hem.

ン͡ゴ∇イΑ∠ Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇や∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇カや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠ Αぴ ロ͡ ギ͡ ャ͡や∠ヱ リ∠ハ コ∃ ゅ∠ィ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∀キヲ⊥ャ∇ヲョ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ リ∠ハ ∀ギャ͡や∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚルｚゲピ⊥ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ペ ｘェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ び ケ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲピ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ムルｚ ゲｚ ピ⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ (33. O mankind! Have Taqwa of your Lord, and fear a Day when no fat her can avail aught for his son, nor a son avail aught for his fat her. Verily, t he promise of Allah is t rue, let not t hen t his present life deceive you, nor let t he chief deceiver deceive you about Allah.)

The Command to fear Allah and remember the Day of Resurrection Here Allah warns people about t he Day of Resurrect ion, and commands t hem t o fear Him and remember t he Day of Resurrect ion when

び͡ロ͡ギ∠ャ∠ヱ リ∠ハ ∀ギャ͡や∠ヱ ン͡ゴ∇イΑ∠ Ι ｚぴ (no fat her can avail aught for his son,) which means, even if he want ed t o offer himself as a sacrifice for his son, it would not be accept ed from him. The same will apply in t he case of a son who want s t o sacrifice himself for his fat her -- it will not be accept ed from him. Then Allah reminds t hem once again wit h t he words:

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚルｚゲピ⊥ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (let not t hen t his present life deceive you,) meaning, do not let your feelings of cont ent ment wit h t his life make you forget about t he Hereaft er.

び⊥ケヱ⊥ゲピ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ムルｚ ゲｚ ピ⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor let t he chief deceiver deceive you about Allah.) refers t o t he Shayt an. This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak and Qat adah. The Shayt an makes promises t o t hem and arouses in t hem false desires, but t here is no subst ance t o t hem, as Allah says:

や⇔ケヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Βあレヨ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ぴ び (He makes promises t o t hem, and arouses in t hem false desires; and Shayt an's promises are not hing but decept ions.) (4:120). Wahb bin Munabbih said: ` Uzayr, peace be upon him, said: "When I saw t he misfort une of my people, I felt very sad and dist ressed, and I could not sleep, so I prayed t o my Lord and fast ed, and I called upon Him weeping. There came t o me an angel and I said t o him: ` Tell me, will t he souls of t he right eous int ercede for t he wrongdoers, or t he fat hers for t heir sons' He said: ` On t he Day of Resurrect ion all mat t ers will be set t led, and Allah's dominion will be made manifest and no except ions will be made. No one will speak on t hat Day except wit h t he permission of t he Most Merciful. No fat her will answer for his son, or any son for his fat her, or any man for his brot her, or any servant for his mast er. No one will care about anybody except himself, or feel grief or compassion for anyone except himself. Everyone will be worried only about himself. No one will be asked about anybody else. Each person will be concerned only about himself, weeping for himself and carrying his own burden. No one will carry t he burden of anot her.''' This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hat im.

ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゑ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ユ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ や⇔ギ∠ビ ょ ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ムゎ∠ や∠クゅｚョ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ン͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠ェ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∀ユΒ∠ヤ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ チ ∃ ∇ケぺ∠ ン あ ほ∠よ͡ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ン͡ケ∇ギ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ び ∀ゲΒら͡ カ ∠

(34. Verily, Allah, wit h Him is t he knowledge of t he Hour, He sends down t he rain, and knows t hat which is in t he wombs. No person knows what he will earn t omorrow, and no person knows in what land he will die. Verily, Allah is All-Knower, All-Aware.) The Knower of t he Unseen is Allah These are t he keys of t he Unseen, whose knowledge Allah alone has kept for Himself, and no one else knows t hem unless Allah t ells him about t hem. The knowledge of ` when t he Hour will occur' is not known t o any Prophet who was sent or any angel who is close t o Allah.

び∠ヲワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰわ͡ ∇ホヲ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒあヤ∠イΑ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (None can reveal it s t ime but He) (7:187). Similarly, no one but Allah knows when rain will fall, but when He issues t he commands, t he angels who are ent rust ed wit h t he t ask of bringing rain know about it , as do t hose among His creat ion whom He wills should know. No one but He knows what is in t he wombs of what He want s t o creat e, but when He decrees whet her it is t o be male or female, and whet her it is t o be blessed or doomed, t he angels who are ent rust ed wit h t hat know about it , as do t hose among His creat ion whom He wills should know. No one knows what he will earn t omorrow wit h regard t o t his world or t he Hereaft er.

び⊥れヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ チ ∃ ∇ケぺ∠ ン あ ほ∠よ͡ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ン͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and no person knows in what land he will die.) in his own land or elsewhere, in some ot her land. No one knows t his. This Ayah is like t he Ayah,

び∠ヲワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ウ ⊥ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ヘョ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハヱ∠ ぴ (And wit h Him are t he keys of t he Unseen, none knows t hem but He.) (6:59) It was report ed in t he Sunnah t hat t he above five t hings are called t he Keys of t he Unseen. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Buraydah said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah say:

:モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ｚリヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∀ザ∇ヨ∠カ» ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゑ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ユ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ や⇔ギ∠ビ ょ ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ムゎ∠ や∠クゅｚョ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ン͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠ェ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∀ユΒ∠ヤ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ チ ∃ ∇ケぺ∠ ン あ ほ∠よ͡ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ン͡ケ∇ギ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ «び ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ (There are five t hings which no one knows except Allah: (Verily, Allah, wit h Him is t he knowledge of t he Hour, He sends down t he rain, and knows t hat which is in t he wombs. No person knows what he will earn t omorrow, and no person knows in what land he will die. Verily, Allah is All-Knower, All-Aware.)) The chain of narrat ors for t his Hadit h is Sahih, alt hough t hey did not recorded it .

The Hadith of Ibn ` Umar Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

:ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ｚリヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∀ザ∇ヨ∠カ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ウ ⊥ Β͡ゎゅ∠ヘョ∠ » ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゑ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ユ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ や⇔ギ∠ビ ょ ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ムゎ∠ や∠クゅｚョ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ン͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠ェ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∀ユΒ∠ヤ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ チ ∃ ∇ケぺ∠ ン あ ほ∠よ͡ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ン͡ケ∇ギ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ «び ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ (The Keys of t he Unseen are five, which no one knows except Allah: (Verily, Allah, wit h Him is t he knowledge of t he Hour, He sends down t he rain, and knows t hat which is in t he wombs. No person knows what he will earn t omorrow, and no person knows in what land he will die. Verily, Allah is All-Knower, All-Aware.)) This was recorded only by Al-Bukhari, which he narrat ed in t he Book of t he Rain Prayer in his Sahih. He also recorded it in his Tafsir wit h a different chain of narrat ors, st at ing t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said, "The Prophet said:

«ザ∇ヨカ ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ウ ⊥ Βゎ͡ ゅ∠ヘョ∠ » (The Keys of t he Unseen are five.)'' Then he recit ed:

ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゑ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ユ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び͡ュゅ∠ェ∇ケｘΙや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ (Verily, Allah, wit h Him is t he knowledge of t he Hour, He sends down t he rain, and knows t hat which is in t he wombs.) This t oo was recorded only by Al-Bukhari.

The Hadith of Abu Hurayrah his Tafsir of t his Ayah, Al-Bukhari narrat ed from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat t he Messenger of Allah was st anding before t he people one day when a man came t o him and said, ` O Messenger of Allah, what is Iman' He said:

ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ わ⊥ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮわ͡ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤョ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡み∇ャや» «ゲ͡カべ∇ャや ゑ ͡ ∇バら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮも͡ ゅ∠ボャ͡ヱ∠ (Iman is t o believe in Allah, His Angels, His Books, His Messengers and in t he meet ing wit h Him, and t o believe in t he Resurrect ion in t he Hereaft er.) He said: ` O Messenger of Allah, what is Islam' He said:

ユ∠ Β͡ボゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ぶ ∠ や ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや» ュ∠ ヲ⊥ダゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠るッ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ∇ヘヨ∠ ∇ャや ∠りゅ∠ミゴｚ ャや ヶ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∠りゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや «ラゅ∠ツョ∠ ケ∠ (Islam is t o worship Allah Alone and not associat e anyt hing in worship wit h Him, t o est ablish regular prayer, t o pay t he obligat ory Zakah, and t o fast in Ramadan.) He said, ` O Messenger of Allah, what is Ihsan' He said:

∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ロや∠ゲゎ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ぶ ∠ や ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ジ∇ェみ͡∇ャや» «ポや∠ゲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ゲゎ∠ (Ihsan is t o worship Allah as if you see Him, and if you do not see Him, t hen He sees you.) He said, ` O Messenger of Allah, when will t he Hour come' He said:

∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ ∩͡モも͡ ゅｚジャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇ハほ∠よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ メ ⊥ ヱ⊥ぽ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ» ゅ∠ヰわ∠ よｚ ケ∠ る⊥ ョ∠ ほ∠∇ャや れ ͡ ギ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ や∠クま͡ :ゅ∠ヰデ ͡ や∠ゲ∇セぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ マ ∠ を⊥ ギあ ェ ∠ ほ⊥シ ∠ り⊥ や∠ゲバ⊥ ∇ャや り⊥ ゅ∠ヘエ ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩ゅ∠ヰデ ͡ や∠ゲ∇セぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ポ ∠ や∠グプ∠ ゅ∠ャ ザ ∃ ∇ヨカ ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰデ ͡ や∠ゲ∇セぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ポ ∠ や∠グプ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや サ ∠ ヱ⊥ぼケ⊥ :ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ｚリヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゑ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ユ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び͡ュゅ∠ェ∇ケｘΙや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ

(The one who is asked about it does not know more t han t he one who is asking, but I will t ell you of some of it s signs: when t he servant woman gives birt h t o her mist ress, t hat is one of it s signs; when t he barefoot and naked become leaders of t he people, t hat is one of it s signs. The t iming of t he Hour is one of t he five t hings which no one knows except Allah: (Verily, Allah, wit h Him is t he knowledge of t he Hour, He sends down t he rain, and knows t hat which is in t he wombs....)) Then t he man went away, and t he Prophet said,

«ヶ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ⊥ ヱぁキケ⊥ » (Bring him back t o me.) They went t o bring him back, but t hey could not find him. He said:

«ユ⊥ヰレ∠ Α͡キ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ユ∠ ヤあバ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ や∠グワ∠ » (That was Jibril who came t o t each t he people t heir religion.) It was also recorded by AlBukhari in t he Book of Fait h, and by Muslim wit h several chains of narrat ion. We have discussed t his at t he beginning of our comment ary on Al-Bukhari, where we ment ioned at lengt h some Hadit hs narrat ed by t he Commander of t he fait hful ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab. These were recorded only by Muslim.

び⊥れヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ チ ∃ ∇ケぺ∠ ン あ ほ∠よ͡ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ン͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and no person knows in what land he will die.) Qat adah said, "There are some t hings which Allah has kept t o Himself, and t hey are not known t o any angel who is close t o Him or any Prophet who was sent by Him.

び͡るハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ユ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah, wit h Him is t he knowledge of t he Hour, ) no one among mankind knows when t he Hour will come, in which year or mont h, or whet her it will come at night or during t he day.

び∠ゑ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (He sends down t he rain,) and no one knows when rain will come, night or day.

び͡ュゅ∠ェ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and knows t hat which is in t he wombs.) No one knows what is in t he wombs, male or female, red or black, or what it is.

び⇔やギ∠ビ ょ ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ムゎ∠ や∠クゅｚョ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ン͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(No person knows what he will earn t omorrow,) whet her it will be good or bad. You do not know, O son of Adam, when you will die. You might die t omorrow, you might be st ricken by calamit y t omorrow.

び⊥れヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ チ ∃ ∇ケぺ∠ ン あ ほ∠よ͡ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ン͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and no person knows in what land he will die.) means, no person knows where his rest ing place will be, on t he land or in t he sea, on a plain or in t he mount ains. It says in t he Hadit h:

ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ チ ∃ ∇ケほ∠よ͡ ギ∃ ∇らハ ∠ ヂ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ぶ ⊥ や キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ や∠クま͡» «る∠ィゅ∠ェ (If Allah want s t o t ake a person's soul in a part icular land, He will give him a reason t o go t here.) In Al-Mu` j am Al-Kabir, Al-Hafiz Abu Al-Qasim At -Tabarani recorded t hat Usamah bin Zayd said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ゅヰ∠ Β͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚャま͡ チ ∃ ∇ケほ∠よ͡ ギ∃ ∇らハ ∠ る∠ わ∠ Β͡ョ ぶ ⊥ やモ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョ» «る∠ィゅ∠ェ (Allah does not will t hat a person should die in a cert ain land but He gives him a reason t o go t here.)'' This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surah Luqman. Praise be t o Allah, t he Lord of t he worlds. Sufficient for us is Allah and He is t he Best Disposer of affairs.

The Tafsir of Surah Alif Lam Mim As-Sajdah (Chapter - 32) Which was revealed in Makkah In t he Book of t he Friday prayer, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "The Prophet used t o recit e in Faj r on Fridays:

び∠モΑ͡ゴレ∠ゎ ユャやぴ (Alif Lam Mim. The revelat ion of...), As-Saj dah, and

び͡リ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ ぴ (Has t here not been over man...)Al-Insan (76).'' This was also recorded by Muslim. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jabir said, "The Prophet would never sleep unt il he recit ed:

び∠モΑ͡ゴレゎ∠ ユャやぴ (Alif Lam Mim. The revelat ion of...), As-Saj dah, and

び⊥マ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ン͡グャｚや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぴ (Blessed be He in Whose Hand is t he dominion) Al-Mulk (67).''

び͡ユΒ͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ゆ ͡ ケｚ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ Α͡ゴレ∠ゎ -ユ⇒ャやぴ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ∂ョ ゲ∃ Α͡グルｚ リ∂ョ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠ゎぺ∠ べｚョ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥わャ͡ マ ∠ よ∂ ケｚ び-ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ (1. Alif Lam Mim.) (2. The revelat ion of t he Book in which t here is no doubt , is from t he Lord of all t hat exist s.) (3. Or say t hey: "He has fabricat ed it '' Nay, it is t he t rut h from your Lord, so t hat you may warn a people t o whom no warner has come before you, in order t hat t hey may be guided.)

The Qur'an is the Book of Allah in which there is no Doubt We discussed t he individual let t ers at t he beginning of Surat Al-Baqarah, and t here is no need t o repeat it here.

び͡ヮΒ͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ Α͡ゴレ∠ゎぴ (The revelat ion of t he Book in which t here is no doubt ,) means, t here is no doubt what soever t hat it has been revealed

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケｚ リあョぴ (from t he Lord of all t hat exist s.) Then Allah t ells us about t he idolat ors:

び⊥ロや∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or say t hey: "He has fabricat ed it ''): t hey say, he has fabricat ed it , i.e., he has made it up by himself.

リあョ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠ゎぺ∠ べｚョ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥わャ͡ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ゲ∃ Α͡グルｚ (Nay, it is t he t rut h from your Lord, so t hat you may warn a people t o whom no warner has come before you, in order t hat t hey may be guided.) means, in order t hat t hey may follow t he t rut h.

ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅョ∠ ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ヲわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ わｚ シ ͡ ヴ͡プ ゲ⊥ あよギ∠ Α⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ノ∃ Β͡ヘセ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ ｙ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ョΙ ｘや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ラ ∠ ヱぁギバ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョあ る∃ レ∠ シ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ロ⊥ ケ⊥ や∠ギ∇ボョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ び ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや り͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠ハ (4. Allah it is He Who has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, and all t hat is bet ween t hem in six Days. Then He Ist awa over t he Throne. You have none, besides Him, as a prot ect or or an int ercessor. Will you not t hen remember) (5. He direct s t he command from t he heavens t o t he eart h; t hen it will go up t o Him, in one Day, t he space whereof is a t housand years of your reckoning.) (6. That is He, t he All-Knower of t he unseen and t he seen, t he All-Might y, t he Most Merciful.)

Allah is the Creator and Controller of the Universe Allah t ells us t hat He is t he Creat or of all t hings. He creat ed t he heavens and eart h and all t hat is bet ween t hem in six days, t hen He rose over t he Throne -- we have already discussed t his mat t er elsewhere.

び∃ノΒ͡ヘセ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ ｙ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ

(You have none, besides Him, as a prot ect or or an int ercessor) means, only He is t he Sovereign Who is in cont rol of all affairs, t he Creat or of all t hings, t he Cont roller of all t hings, t he One Who is able t o do all t hings. There is no Creat or besides Him, no int ercessor except t he one t o whom He gives permission.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Will you not t hen remember) -- t his is addressed t o t hose who worship ot hers apart from Him and put t heir t rust in ot hers besides Him -- exalt ed and sanct ified and glorified be He above having any equal, part ner, support er, rival or peer, t here is no God or Lord except Him.

ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ゲ⊥ あよギ∠ Α⊥ ぴ び͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ (He direct s t he command from t he heavens t o t he eart h; t hen it will go up t o Him,) means, His command comes down from above t he heavens t o t he furt hest boundary of t he sevent h eart h. This is like t he Ayah,

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ れ ∃ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨシ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ びｚリヰ⊥ ∠レ∇Β∠よ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘやメ ⊥ ゴｚ レ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ (It is Allah Who has creat ed seven heavens and of t he eart h t he like t hereof. The command descends bet ween t hem, ) (65:12) Deeds are raised up t o t he place of recording above t he lowest heaven. The dist ance bet ween heaven and eart h is t he dist ance of five hundred years t raveling, and t he t hickness of t he heaven is t he dist ance of five hundred years. Muj ahid, Qat adah and Ad-Dahhak said, "The dist ance covered by t he angel when he descends or ascends is t he dist ance of five hundred years, but he covers it in t he blink of an eye.'' Allah says:

マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ル∠ ヱぁギバ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョあ る∃ レ∠ シ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ロ⊥ ケ⊥ や∠ギ∇ボョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ͡プぴ び͡りギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠ハ (in one Day, t he measurement of which is a t housand years of your reckoning. That is He, t he All-Knower of t he unseen and t he seen,) meaning, He is cont rolling all t hese affairs. He sees all t hat His servant s do, and all t heir deeds, maj or and minor, significant and insignificant , ascend t o Him. He is t he Almight y Who has subj ugat ed all t hings t o His cont rol, and t o Whom everybody submit s, and He is Most Merciful t o His believing servant s. He is Almight y in His mercy and Most Merciful in His might . This is perfect ion: might combined wit h mercy and mercy combined wit h might , for He is Merciful wit hout any hint of weakness.

リ ͡ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡やペ ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ぺ∠ギ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ ￢∃ べｚョ リあョ る∃ ャ∠Κ ∠シ ⊥ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ジル∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ - リ ∃ Β͡デ リ͡ョ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ェ ͡ ヱぁケ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ オ ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ やｚヲシ ∠ ｚユを⊥ - リ ∃ Β͡ヰョｚ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ り∠ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゲ∠ ⇒ダ ∠ ∇よΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ノ∠ ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや (7. Who made everyt hing He has creat ed good and He began t he creat ion of man from clay.) (8. Then He made his offspring from semen of despised wat er.) (9. Then He fashioned him in due proport ion, and breat hed int o him t he soul; and He gave you hearing, sight and t he sense of deduct ion. Lit t le is t he t hanks you give!)

The Creation of Man in Stages Allah t ells us t hat He has creat ed everyt hing well and formed everyt hing in a goodly fashion. Malik said, narrat ing from Zayd bin Aslam:

び⊥ヮボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (Who made everyt hing He has creat ed good) means, "He creat ed everyt hing well and in a goodly fashion.'' When Allah ment ions t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h, He follows t hat by ment ioning t he creat ion of man. Allah says:

び∃リΒ͡デ リ͡ョ リ ͡ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡ やペ ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ぺ∠ギ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He began t he creat ion of man from clay.) meaning, He creat ed t he fat her of mankind, Adam, from clay.

びリ ∃ Β͡ヰョｚ ￢∃ べｚョ リあョ る∃ ャ∠Κ ∠シ ⊥ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ジル∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then He made his offspring from semen of despised wat er.) means, t hey reproduce in t his fashion, from a Nut fah which comes from t he loins of men and from bet ween t he ribs of women.

び⊥ロやｚヲシ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then He fashioned him in due proport ion,) means, when He creat ed Adam from clay, He creat ed him and gave him shape and made him upright .

ノ∠ ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ェ ͡ ヱぁケ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ オ ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∠りギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や∠ヱ (and breat hed int o him t he soul; and He gave you hearing, sight and t he sense of deduct ion.) means, reason.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ぴ (Lit t le is t he t hanks you give!) means, for t hese st rengt hs wit h which Allah has provided you; t he one who is t ruly blessed is t he one who uses t hem t o worship and obey his Lord, may He be exalt ed and glorified.

ペ ∃ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ゅｚル￢͡ ぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヤ∠ッ ∠ や∠ク￢͡ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ユ⊥ム⇒ｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ボヤ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ワ ∇モよ∠ ギ∃ Α͡ギィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ モ ∠ ミあ ヱ⊥ ン͡グャｚや れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや マ ⊥ ヤ∠ｚョ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ (10. And t hey say: "When we are lost in t he eart h, shall we indeed be creat ed anew'' Nay, but t hey deny t he meet ing wit h t heir Lord!) (11. Say: "The angel of deat h, who is set over you, will t ake your souls. Then you shall be brought t o your Lord.'')

Refutation of Those Who think the Resurrection is unlikely to happen Allah t ells us how t he idolat ors t hought it unlikely t hat t he resurrect ion would ever come t o pass, and how t hey said:

び͡チ∇ケｘΙや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヤ∠ッ ∠ や∠ク￢͡ ぺ∠ぴ (When we are lost in t he eart h,) meaning, ` when our bodies have been scat t ered and have disint egrat ed and dispersed in t he eart h,'

び∃ギΑ͡ギィ ∠ ペ ∃ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ゅｚル͡￢∠ぺぴ (shall we indeed be creat ed anew) means, ` aft er t hat , will we come back again' They t hought it unlikely t hat t his would happen, and in t erms of t heir own feeble abilit ies it is indeed

unlikely, but t his is not t he case wit h regard t o t he power of t he One Who creat ed t hem from not hing, Who when He wills a t hing merely says t o it , "Be!'' and it is. Allah says:

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ボヤ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ワ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, but t hey deny t he meet ing wit h t heir Lord!) Then Allah says:

び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ モ ∠ ミあ ヱ⊥ ン͡グャｚや れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや マ ⊥ ヤ∠ｚョ ユ⊥ム⇒ｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "The angel of deat h, who is set over you, will t ake your souls...'') The apparent meaning of t his Ayah is t hat t he angel of deat h is a specific personalit y among t he angels, as is also apparent from t he Hadit h of Al-Bara' which we quot ed in (our Tafsir of) Surah Ibrahim. In some report s he (t he angel of deat h) is called ` Izra'il, which is well known. This is t he view of Qat adah and ot hers. The angel of deat h has helpers. It was report ed in t he Hadit h t hat his helpers draw out t he soul from t he rest of t he body unt il it reaches t he t hroat , t hen t he angel of deat h t akes it . Muj ahid said, "The eart h is brought t oget her for him and it is like a plat t er from which he t akes whenever he want s.''

び∠ラヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then you shall be brought t o your Lord.) means, on t he Day when you are resurrect ed and brought fort h from your graves t o receive your reward or punishment .

ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユヰ͡ シ ͡ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ジミ͡ ゅ∠ル ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ク͡ ま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バル∠ ゅ∠レ∇バィ ͡ ∇ケゅ∠プ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲダ ∠ ∇よぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ｚモミ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ Ι ∂ ゅ∠レ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥ョ ゅｚル͡ま ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚΖ ∠ ∇ョΙ ∂ ヴ∇レョ͡ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ペ ｚェ ∠ ∇リム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ワや∠ギワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ジル∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ る͡ レｚイ ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヤガ ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇やヲ⇒⊥ホヱ⊥クヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レΒ͡ジル∠ ゅｚル͡ま へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユム⊥ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ (12. And if you only could see when t he criminals shall hang t heir heads before t heir Lord (saying): "Our Lord! We have now seen and heard, so send us back t hat we will do right eous good deeds. Verily, we now believe wit h cert aint y.'') (13. And if We had willed, surely We would have given every person his guidance, but t he Word from Me t ook effect , t hat I will fill Hell wit h Jinn and mankind t oget her.) (14. Then t ast e because of your forget t ing t he meet ing

of t his Day of yours. Surely, We t oo will forget you, so t ast e you t he abiding t orment for what you used t o do.)

The Bad State in which the Idolators will be on the Day of Resurrection Allah t ells us t he st at e of t he idolat ors on t he Day of Resurrect ion and what t hey will say when t hey see t he Resurrect ion and are st anding before Allah -- may He be glorified -- humiliat ed and brought low, wit h t heir heads bowed, i.e., in shame. They will say:

びゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲダ ∠ ∇よぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! We have now seen and heard,) meaning, ` now we hear what You say and we will obey You.' This is like t he Ayah,

びゅ∠レル∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ゲダ ͡ ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ノヨ͡ ∇シぺ∠ぴ (How clearly will t hey see and hear, t he Day when t hey will appear before Us!) (19:38). And t hey will blame t hemselves when t hey ent er t he Fire, and will say:

ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ボ͡ ∇バル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ び͡ゲΒ͡バジ ｚ ャや ("Had we but list ened or used our int elligence, we would not have been among t he dwellers of t he blazing Fire!'') ぴ67:10び Similarly, here t hey are described as saying:

びゅ∠レ∇バィ ͡ ∇ケゅ∠プ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲダ ∠ ∇よぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! We have now seen and heard, so send us back) t o t he world,

び∠ラヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥ョ ゅｚル͡ま ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バル∠ ぴ (t hat we will do right eous good deeds. Verily, we now believe wit h cert aint y.) means, ` now we are sure and we believe t hat Your promise is t rue and t hat t he meet ing wit h You is t rue.' But t he Lord, may He be exalt ed, knows t hat if He were t o send t hem back t o t his world, t hey would behave as t hey did previously, and t hey would rej ect and disbelieve in t he signs of Allah and would go against His Messengers, as He says:

ぁキゲ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠レ∠わ∇Β∠ヤΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘホ͡ ヱ⊥ ∇クま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゆ ∠ グあ ム∠ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠

(If you could but see when t hey will be held over t he (Hell) Fire! They will say: "Would t hat we were but sent back! Then we would not deny t he Ayat of our Lord,'') (6: 27) And Allah says here:

びゅ∠ワや∠ギワ⊥ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ｚモミ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ Ι ∂ ゅ∠レ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And if We had willed, surely We would have given every person his guidance,) This is like t he Ayah,

∇ユヰ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ リ ∠ ョ∠ Γ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ (And had your Lord willed, t hose on eart h would have believed, all of t hem t oget her) (10:99).

る͡ レｚイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚΖ ∠ ∇ョΙ ∂ ヴ∇レョ͡ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ペ ｚェ ∠ ∇リム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ び∠リΒ͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ (but t he Word from Me t ook effect , t hat I will fill Hell wit h Jinn and mankind t oget her.) i.e., from bot h classes, so t heir abode will be Hell and t hey will have no escape from it and no way out . We seek refuge wit h Allah and in His perfect Words from t hat .

びへ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユム⊥ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ジル∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ ぴ (Then t ast e because of your forget t ing t he meet ing of t his Day of yours.) means, it will be said t o t he people of Hell by way of rebuke: ` t ast e t his punishment because you denied it and believed t hat it would never happen; you t ried t o forget about it and act ed as if you had forgot t en it .'

び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レΒ͡ジル∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Surely, We t oo will forget you,) means, ` We will deal wit h you as if We have forgot t en you,' but not hing escapes Allah's at t ent ion, and He makes t he punishment fit t he crime, as He says:

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユム⊥ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ジル∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ジレ∠ル ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャやぴ (This Day We will forget you as you forgot t he meet ing of t his Day of yours) (45:34).

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヤガ ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇やヲ⇒⊥ホヱ⊥ク∠ヱぴ

(so t ast e you t he abiding t orment for what you used t o do.) i.e., because of your disbelief and rej ect ion, as Allah says in anot her Ayah:

ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヨェ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ゅ⇔よや∠ゲセ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔キ∇ゲよ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グΑ∠ Ι ｚぴ び ゅ⇔ホゅｚジビ ∠ ヱ∠ (Not hing cool shall t hey t ast e t herein, nor any drink. Except Hamim, and Ghassaq) unt il:

び⇔ゅよや∠グハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ Α͡ゴルｚ リ∠ヤプ∠ ぴ (No increase shall We give you, except in t orment ) (78:24-30).

∇やヱぁゲカ ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミあ ク⊥ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥エらｚ シ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ギｚイシ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ノ͡ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ツヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヴ∠プゅ∠イわ∠ ゎ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱ ⇔ゅバ∠ヨ∠デ∠ヱ ゅ⇔プ∇ヲカ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ リ ∃ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ り͡ ゲｚ ホ⊥ リあョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ヴ ∠ ヘ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ べｚョ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α (15. Only t hose believe in Our Ayat , who, when t hey are reminded of t hem, fall down prost rat e, and glorify t he praises of t heir Lord, and t hey are not proud.) (16. Their sides forsake t heir beds, t o invoke t heir Lord in fear and hope, and t hey spend out of what We have best owed on t hem.) (17. No person knows what is kept hidden for t hem of delight s of eyes as a reward for what t hey used t o do.)

The State of the People of Faith and Their Reward Allah states:

びゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (Only t hose believe in Our Ayat ,) means, who accept t hem as t rue,

び⇔やギｚイシ ⊥ ∇やヱぁゲカ ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミあ ク⊥ やク∠ ま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ

(who, when t hey are reminded of t hem, fall down prost rat e,) means, t hey list en t o t hem and obey t hem in word and deed.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥エらｚ ∠シ∠ヱぴ (and glorify t he praises of t heir Lord, and t hey are not proud.) means, t hey are not t oo proud t o follow t hem and submit t o t hem, unlike t he ignorant among t he rebellious disbelievers. Allah says:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ シ ∠ ヴ͡ゎキ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び∠リΑ͡ゲカ ͡ キ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ (Verily, t hose who scorn My worship, t hey will surely ent er Hell in humiliat ion!) (40:60). Then Allah says:

び͡ノィ ͡ ゅ∠ツヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヴ∠プゅ∠イわ∠ ゎ∠ ぴ (Their sides forsake t heir beds,) meaning, t hey pray t he volunt ary night prayer and forego sleep and rest ing on a comfort able bed. Muj ahid and Al-Hasan said t hat t he Ayah

び͡ノィ ͡ ゅ∠ツヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヴ∠プゅ∠イわ∠ ゎ∠ ぴ (Their sides forsake t heir beds, ) refers t o volunt ary night prayer. Ad-Dahhak said, "It refers t o Salat Al-` Isha' in congregat ion and Salat Al-Faj r in congregat ion.

び⇔ゅバ∠ヨデ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プ∇ヲカ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ぴ (t o invoke t heir Lord in fear and hope,) means, in fear of His punishment and in hope of His reward.

び∠ラヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey spend out of what We have best owed on t hem.) means, t hey do bot h obligat ory and supererogat ory act s of worship. Their leader in t his world and t he Hereaft er is t he Messenger of Allah . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Mu` adh bin Jabal said, "I was wit h t he Messenger of Allah on a j ourney one morning, walking near him. I said, ` O Prophet of Allah, t ell me of a deed t hat will grant me admit t ance t o Paradise and keep me away from Hell.' He said:

∇リョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ∀ Β͡ジΒ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠» ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ぶ ∠ や ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ジ ｚ Α∠ ∩∠ラゅ∠ツョ∠ ケ∠ ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ダゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠りゅ∠ミゴｚ ャや ヶ͡ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヱ∠ り∠ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ボゎ⊥ ヱ∠ «ろ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ア ぁエ ⊥ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ (You have asked about somet hing great , and it is easy for t he one for whom Allah makes it easy. Worship Allah and do not associat e anyt hing wit h Him, est ablish regular prayer, pay Zakah, fast Ramadan and perform pilgrimage t o t he House.) Then he said:

∩∀るレｚ ィ ⊥ ュ⊥ ヲｚダャや ∨͡ゲ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャぁキ⊥ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» ヶ͡プ モ ͡ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや り⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠るゃ∠ Β͡トガ ∠ ∇ャや ￢⊥ ヴ͡ヘ∇トゎ⊥ る⊥ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや∠ヱ «モ∇Βヤｚャや フ ͡ ∇ヲィ ∠ (Shall I not t ell you of t he gat es of goodness Fast ing is a shield, charit y wipes out sin, and t he prayer of a man in t he dept hs of t he night .) Then he recit ed:

び͡ノィ ͡ ゅ∠ツヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヴ∠プゅ∠イわ∠ ゎ∠ ぴ (Their sides forsake t heir beds,) unt il he reached

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲル⊥ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ぴ (as a reward for what t hey used t o do.) Then he said:

り͡ ヱ∠ ∇ケク͡ ヱ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ヲ⊥ヨハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠∇ャや サ ͡ ∇ぺゲ∠ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ら͡ ∇カぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» «∨͡ヮョ͡ ゅ∠レシ ∠ (Shall I not t ell you of t he great est of all t hings and it s pillars and pinnacle) I said, ` Of course, O Messenger of Allah.' He said:

り⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ケク͡ ヱ∠ ∩⊥りゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ロ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ュゅ∠ヤ∇シみ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠∇ャや サ ⊥ ∇ぺケ∠ » «ぶや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰイ ͡ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ョ͡ ゅ∠レシ ∠ (The great est of all t hings is Islam, it s pillars are t he prayers and it s pinnacle is Jihad for t he sake of Allah.) Then he said:

«∨͡ヮヤあミ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ポ ͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ら͡ ∇カぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» (Shall I not t ell you t he fact or on which all of t hat depends) I said, ` Of course, O Messenger of Allah.' He t ook hold of his t ongue and said,

«や∠グワ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ｚブミ⊥ » (Rest rain t his.) I said, ` O Messenger of Allah, will we be account able for what we say' He said,

ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ぁょム⊥ Α∠ ∇モワ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥クゅ∠バョ⊥ ゅ∠Α マ ⊥ ぁョぺ⊥ マ ∠ ∇わヤ∠ム͡ を∠ » ギ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠ダェ ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ カ ͡ ゅ∠レョ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴヤ∠ハ «ユ͡ヰわ∠レジ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ (May your mot her be bereft of you, O Mu` adh! Will t he people be t hrown int o Hell -- (or he said) on t heir faces -- except because of what t heir t ongues say) It was also recorded by At Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah in t heir Sunans. At -Tirmidhi said, "It is Hasan Sahih.''

び∃リΒ⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ り͡ ゲｚ ホ⊥ リあョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ヴ ∠ ヘ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ べョｚ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (No person knows what is kept hidden for t hem of delight s of eyes) means, no one knows t he vast ness of what Allah has concealed for t hem of everlast ing j oy in Paradise and delight s such as no one has ever seen. Because t hey conceal t heir good deeds, Allah conceals t he reward for t hem, a fit t ing reward which will suit t heir deeds. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "If people conceal t heir good deeds, Allah will conceal for t hem what no eye has seen and what has never crossed t he mind of man. It was recorded by Ibn Abi Hat im. Al-Bukhari quot ed t he Ayah: d

び∃リΒ⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ り͡ ゲｚ ホ⊥ リあョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ヴ ∠ ヘ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ べｚョ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (No person knows what is kept hidden for t hem of delight s of eyes) Then he recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ゅ∠ャ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ Β͡エャ͡ゅｚダャや ヵ͡キゅ∠らバ͡ ャ͡ れ ⊥ ∇キギ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ :ヴャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ» ょ ͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ゲ∠ ト ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∇ろバ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ∀ラク⊥ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∇れぺ∠ケ∠ ∀リ∇Β∠ハ «ゲ∠ゼ∠よ (Allah says: "I have prepared for My right eous servant s what no eye has seen, no ear has heard, and it has never crossed t he mind of man.'') Abu Hurayrah said: "Recit e, if you wish:

び∃リΒ⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ り͡ ゲｚ ホ⊥ リあョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ヴ ∠ ヘ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ べｚョ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (No person knows what is kept hidden for t hem of delight s of eyes.) It was also recorded by Muslim and At -Tirmidhi. At -Tirmidhi said, "It is Hasan Sahih.'' In anot her version of Al-Bukhari:

ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ∇ヤよ∠ ∇リョ͡ や⇔ゲ∇カク⊥ ∩∃ゲ∠ゼ∠よ ょ ͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ∠ ト ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ » «ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バヤ͡∇デぺ⊥ ("and no body has ever even imagined of. All t hat is reserved, besides which, all t hat you have seen is not hing.'') It was also report ed from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat t he Prophet said:

∩⊥ヮよ⊥ ゅ∠Βを͡ ヴ∠ヤ∇らゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩∇サほ∠∇らΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇ユバ∠ ∇レΑ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∇れぺ∠ケ∠ ∀リ∇Β∠ハ ゅ∠ャ ゅ∠ョ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∩⊥ヮよ⊥ ゅ∠らセ ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ «ゲ∠ゼ∠よ ょ ͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ゲ∠ ト ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∇ろバ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ∀ラク⊥ ぺ⊥ (Whoever ent ers Paradise, will enj oy a life of luxury and never feel deprivat ion, his clot hes will never wear out , his yout h will never fade. In Paradise t here is what no eye has ever seen, no ear has ever heard, and has never crossed t he mind of man.) This was recorded by Muslim.

- ∠ラヱ⊥ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ボ͡シゅ∠プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ⇔レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ろ ⊥ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ Ι ⇔ ゴ⊥ ル⊥ ン∠ヱ∇ほヨ∠ ∇ャや や⊥ヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠ケぺ∠ べ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほヨ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボジ ∠ プ∠

ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥ク ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギΒ͡ハぺ⊥ べ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ボ∠ Α͡グレ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヵ͡グャｚや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ゲ͡ ら∠ ∇ミΙ ｘや ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ヴ∠ル∇キΙ ｘや チ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゲ∠ ミあ ク⊥ リｚヨョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ͡ボ∠わレ⊥ョ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ (18. Is t hen he who is a believer like him who is rebellious Not equal are t hey.) (19. As for t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, for t hem are Gardens of Abode as an ent ert ainment for what t hey used t o do.) (20. And as for t hose who rebel, t heir abode will be t he Fire, every t ime t hey wish t o get away t heref rom, t hey will be put back t heret o, and it will be said t o t hem: "Tast e you t he t orment of t he Fire which you used t o deny.'') (21. And verily, We will make t hem t ast e of t he near light er t orment prior t o t he great er t orment , in order t hat t hey may ret urn.) (22. And who does more wrong t han he who is reminded of t he Ayat of his Lord, t hen t urns aside t herefrom Verily, We shall exact ret ribut ion from t he criminals.)

The Believer and the Rebellious are not equal Allah t ells us t hat in His j ust ice and generosit y, on t he Day of Judgement He will not j udge t hose who believed in His signs and followed His Messengers, in t he same way as He will j udge t hose who rebelled, disobeyed Him and rej ect ed t he Messengers sent by Allah t o t hem. This is like t he Ayat :

∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇イルｚ ラ∠ぺ ͡ろ⇒∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ェゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ∠ ジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠Β∇エョｚ ￢⇔ へ∠ヲシ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ べ∠シ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ヨョ∠ ヱ∠ (Or do t hose who earn evil deeds t hink t hat We shall hold t hem equal wit h t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, in t heir present life and aft er t heir deat h Worst is t he j udgement t hat t hey make.) (45:21),

ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ∇ュぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ び ケ͡ ゅｚイヘ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ (Shall We t reat t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds as corrupt ors on eart h Or shall We t reat t hose who have Taqwa as t he wicked) (38:28)

び͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ (Not equal are t he dwellers of t he Fire and t he dwellers of t he Paradise...) (59:20). Allah says:

び ∠ラヱ⊥ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ボ͡シゅ∠プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ⇔レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Is t hen he who is a believer like him who is a rebellious Not equal are t hey. ) i.e., before Allah on t he Day of Resurrect ion. ` At a' bin Yasar, As-Suddi and ot hers ment ioned t hat t his was revealed concerning ` Ali bin Abi Talib and ` Uqbah bin Abi Mu` it . Hence Allah has j udged bet ween t hem when He said:

び͡ろ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョぺ∠ぴ (As for t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds,) meaning, t heir heart s believed in t he signs of Allah, and t hey did as t he signs of Allah dict at e, i.e. right eous good deeds.

びン∠ヱ∇ほヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (for t hem are Gardens of Abode) i.e., in which t here are dwellings and houses and loft y apart ment s.

び⇔Ιゴ⊥ ル⊥ ぴ (as an ent ert ainment ) means, somet hing t o welcome and honor a guest ,

び∇やヲ⊥ボジ ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョぺ∠ヲ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ぴ (for what t hey used t o do. And as for t hose who rebel,) means, t hose who disobeyed Allah, t heir dwelling place will be t he Fire, and every t ime t hey want t o escape from it , t hey will be t hrown back in, as Allah says:

∇やヱ⊥ギΒ͡ハぺ⊥ ユｙ ビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠ケぺ∠ べ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (Every t ime t hey seek t o get away t herefrom, from anguish, t hey will be driven back t herein) (22:22). Al-Fudayl bin ` Iyad said: "By Allah, t heir hands will be t ied, t heir feet will be chained, t he flames will lift t hem up and t he angels will st rike t hem.

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヵ͡グャｚや ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇やヲホ⊥ ヱ⊥ク ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥よあグム∠ ゎ⊥ (and it will be said t o t hem: "Tast e you t he t orment of t he Fire which you used t o deny.'')'' means, t his will be said t o t hem by way of rebuke and chast isement .

ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ヴ∠ル∇キΙ ｘ や ͡ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ボ∠ Α͡グレ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ゲら∠ ∇ミΙ ｘや (And verily, We will make t hem t ast e of t he near light er t orment prior t o t he great er t orment ,) Ibn ` Abbas said, "The near t orment means diseases and problems in t his world, and t he t hings t hat happen t o it s people as a t est from Allah t o His servant s so t hat t hey will repent t o Him.'' Somet hing similar was also narrat ed from Ubayy bin Ka` b, Abu Al-` Aliyah, Al-Hasan, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Ad-Dahhak, ` Alqamah, ` At iyah, Muj ahid, Qat adah, ` Abd Al-Karim Al-Jazari and Khusayf.

チ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゲ∠ ミあ ク⊥ リｚヨョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びべ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ (And who does more wrong t han he who is reminded of t he Ayat of his Lord, t hen t urns aside t herefrom) means, t here is no one who does more wrong t han t he one whom Allah reminds of His signs and explains t hem t o him clearly, t hen aft er t hat he neglect s and ignores t hem, and t urns away from t hem, forget t ing t hem as if he does not know t hem. Qat adah said: "Beware of t urning away from t he remembrance of Allah, for whoever t urns away from remembering Him will be t he most misguided and t he most in need, and t he most guilt y of sin.'' Allah says, warning t he one who does t hat :

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨボ͡ わ∠ レ⊥ョ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We shall exact ret ribut ion from t he criminals.) meaning, ` We shall avenge Ourselves on t hose who do t hat in t he st rongest possible t erms.'

リあョ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲョ͡ ヴ͡プ リ⊥ムゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ - モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レら∠ ャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ も͡ べ∠ボャあ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∇ヰ∠Α る⇔ ヨｚ も͡ ぺ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ⊥ダ ͡ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ (23. And indeed We gave Musa t he Script ure. So, be not you in doubt of meet ing him. And We made it a guide t o t he Children of Israel.) (24. And We made from among t hem, leaders, giving guidance under Our command, when t hey were pat ient and used t o believe wit h cert aint y in Our Ayat .) (25. Verily, your Lord will j udge bet ween t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion, concerning t hat wherein t hey used t o differ.)

The Book of Musa and the Leadership of the Children of Israel Allah t ells us t hat He gave t he Book -- t he Tawrah -- t o His servant and Messenger Musa, peace be upon him.

び͡ヮも͡ べ∠ボャあ リあョ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲョ͡ ヴ͡プ リ⊥ムゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, be not you in doubt of meet ing him.) Qat adah said, "This refers t o t he Night of Isra','' t hen he narrat ed t hat Abu Al-` Aliyah Ar-Riyahi said, "The cousin of your Prophet , meaning Ibn ` Abbas, t old me t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ ラ ∠ や∠ゲ∇ヨハ ͡ リ ∠ ∇よ ヴシヲ⊥ョ ヶ͡よ ヵ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇シぺ⊥ る∠ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ろ ⊥ Αケ͡ ぺ⊥» ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠り￢∠ ヲ⊥レセ ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ィケ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ や⇔ギ∇バィ ∠ ゅ⇔ャや∠ヲデ ͡ ュ∠ キ∠ へ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇ヨエ ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ネ ∠ ヲ⊥よ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヴジΒ͡ハ ラ ∠ コ͡ ゅ∠カ ゅ⇔ムャ͡ゅ∠ョ ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡サ∇ぺゲｚ ャや テ∇ら∠シ ∩͡チゅ∠Βら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ «メゅｚィギｚ ャや∠ヱ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや (On t he night of Isra', I saw Musa bin ` Imran, a t all, brown-skinned man wit h curly hair, looking like t he men of Shanu'ah; and I saw ` Isa, a man of medium st at ure and ruddy whit e skin, and

wit h lank hair. And I saw Malik t he Keeper of Hell, and t he Daj j al.) Among t he signs which Allah showed him were:

び͡ヮも͡ べ∠ボャあ リあョ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲョ͡ ヴ͡プ リ⊥ムゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, be not you in doubt of meet ing him.) i.e., he saw Musa and met wit h him on t he Night of Isra'.''

び⊥ヮ⇒∠レ∇ヤ∠バ∠ィ∠ヱぴ (And We made it ) means, ` t he Book which We gave t o him, '

び∠モΑ͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レら∠ ャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ぴ (a guide t o t he Children of Israel.) This is similar t o what Allah says in Surat Al-Isra':

ヴ͡レら∠ ャあ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ べ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢∠ヱぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ (And We gave Musa t he Script ure and made it a guidance for t he Children of Israel (saying): "Take none ot her t han Me as Trust ee.'') (17:2)

∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∇ヰ∠Α る⇔ ヨｚ も͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ (And We made from among t hem, leaders, giving guidance under Our command, when t hey were pat ient and used t o believe wit h cert aint y in Our Ayat .) means, because t hey were pat ient in adhering t o t he commands of Allah and avoiding what He prohibit ed, and t hey believed in His Messengers and followed what t hey brought , t here were among t hem leaders who guided ot hers t o t he t rut h by t he command of Allah, calling for goodness, enj oining what is right and forbidding what is wrong. Then when t hey changed ぴt he Words of Allahび, t wist ing and dist ort ing t hem, t hey lost t hat posit ion and t heir heart s became hard. They change t he words from t heir places, so t hey do no right eous deeds and have no correct beliefs. Allah says:

び∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ ゅｚヨ∠ャ ゅル∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∇ヰ∠Α る⇔ ヨｚ も͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We made from among t hem (Children of Israel), leaders, giving guidance under Our command, when t hey were pat ient ) Qat adah and Sufyan said: "When t hey pat ient ly shunned t he t empt at ions of t his world.'' This was also t he view of Al-Hasan bin Salih. Sufyan said, "This is how t hese people were. A man cannot be an example t o be followed unless he shuns t he t empt at ion of t his world.'' Allah says:

∠りヲｚ ら⊥ レぁ ャや∠ヱ ユ∠ ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Βヨ∠ヤ⇒∠バ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤツ ｚ プ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ び͡ゲ∇ョΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠レΒあ よ∠ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や￢∠ヱ (And indeed We gave t he Children of Israel t he Script ure, and t he underst anding of t he Script ure and it s laws, and t he prophet hood; and provided t hem wit h good t hings, and preferred t hem above t he nat ions. And We gave t hem clear proofs in mat t ers.) (45:16-17). And He says here:

∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ⊥ダ ͡ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ (Verily, your Lord will j udge bet ween t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion, concerning t hat wherein t hey used t o differ.) meaning, wit h regard t o beliefs and act ions.

ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ れ ∃ ゅ∠ΑΙ ∂ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ミ͡ ゅ∠ジョ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ベ ⊥ ヲ⊥ジル∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ⇔ハ∇ケコ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガレ⊥ プ∠ コ͡ ゲ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ⇒∠バ∇ルぺ∠ (26. Is it not a guidance for t hem: how many generat ions We have dest royed before t hem in whose dwellings t hey do walk about Verily, t herein indeed are signs. Would t hey not t hen list en) (27. Have t hey not seen how We drive wat er t o t he dry land t hat has no veget at ion, and t herewit h bring fort h crops providing food for t heir cat t le and t hemselves Will t hey not t hen see)

Learning the Lessons of the Past Allah says: will t hese people who deny t he Messengers not learn from t he nat ions who came before t hem, whom Allah dest royed for t heir rej ect ion of His Messengers and t heir opposit ion t o what t he Messengers brought t hem of t he st raight pat h No t race is left of t hem what soever.

び⇔やゴ∇ミケ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ぁザエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ぴ (Can you find a single one of t hem or hear even a whisper of t hem) (19:98). Allah says:

び∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ム͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ ぴ (in whose dwellings t hey do walk about ) meaning, t hese disbelievers walk about in t he places where t hose disbelievers used t o live, but t hey do not see any of t hose who used t o live t here, for t hey have gone --

びべ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇や∇ヲレ∠ ∇ピΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ∠ほ∠ミぴ (As if t hey had never lived t here) (11:68) This is like t he Ayat :

び∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ る⇔ Α∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤわ͡ プ∠ ぴ (These are t heir houses in ut t er ruin, for t hey did wrong) (27:52).

ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ニ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ リあΑ∠ほ∠ム∠プぴ ギ∃ Β͡ゼョｚ ゲ∃ ∇ダホ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ ヤ∠ト ｚ バ∠ ョぁ ゲ∃ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰセ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲハ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∀ Α∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠カ び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ (And many a t ownship did We dest roy while t hey were given t o wrongdoing, so t hat it lie in ruins, and (many) a desert ed well and loft y cast le! Have t hey not t raveled t hrough t he land) unt il:

び͡ケヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ヴ͡わャｚや ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヨ∇バゎ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but it is t he heart s which are in t he breast s t hat grow blind.) (22:45-46) Allah says here:

び∃れゅ∠ΑΙ ∂ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t herein indeed are signs.) meaning, in t he fact t hat t hese people are gone and have been dest royed, and in what happened t o t hem because t hey disbelieved t he Messengers, and how t hose who believed in t hem were saved, t here are many signs, proofs and import ant lessons.

び∠ラヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ

(Would t hey not t hen list en) means, t o t he st ories of t hose who came before and what happened t o t hem. n

The Revival of the Earth with Water is Proof of the Resurrection to come

び͡コゲ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ベ ⊥ ヲ⊥ジル∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Have t hey not seen how We drive wat er t o t he dry land) Here Allah explains His kindness and goodness t owards t hem by His sending wat er t o t hem, whet her from t he sky or from wat er flowing t hrough t he land, wat er carried by rivers down from t he mount ains t o t he lands t hat need it at part icular t imes. Allah says:

び͡コゲ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (t o t he dry land) which means t he land where not hing grows, as in t he Ayah,

び ⇔やコ⊥ゲィ ⊥ や⇔ギΒ͡バタ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤハ ͡ ゅ∠イャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, We shall make all t hat is on it a bare dry soil.) (18:8) i.e., barren land where not hing grows. Allah says here:

コ͡ ゲ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ベ ⊥ ヲ⊥ジル∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ⇒∠バ∇ルぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ⇔ハ∇ケコ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガレ⊥ プ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ (Have t hey not seen how We drive wat er t o t he dry land t hat has no veget at ion, and t herewit h bring fort h crops providing food for t heir cat t le and t hemselves Will t hey not t hen see) This is like t he Ayah,

￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇らら∠ タ ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゲ͡ ヌ ⊥ レ∠Β∇ヤプ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔ら∂ タ ∠ (Then let man look at his food: We pour fort h wat er in abundance.) (80:24-25). Allah says here:

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ

(Will t hey not t hen see)

∇モホ⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ウ ⊥ ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠わョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΑ∠ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ウ ͡ ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ ルや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ∠ レ⊥Α びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ レぁョ (28. They say: "When will t his Fat h be, if you are t elling t he t rut h'') (29. Say: "On t he Day of AlFat h, no profit will it be t o t hose who disbelieve if t hey (t hen) believe! Nor will t hey be grant ed a respit e.'') (30. So t urn aside from t hem and await , verily, t hey (t oo) are await ing.)

How the Disbelievers sought to hasten on the Punishment, and what happened to Them Allah t ells us how t he disbelievers sought t o hast en on t he punishment , and t o bring t he wrat h and vengeance of Allah upon t hemselves, because t hey t hought t his punishment would never happen, and because of t heir disbelief and st ubbornness.

び⊥ウ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠わョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (They say: "When will t his Fat h be...'') meaning, ` when will you prevail over us, O Muhammad, since you claim t hat t here will be a t ime when you will gain t he upper hand over us and t ake your revenge on us, so when will t hat happen All we see of you and your companions is t hat you are hiding, afraid and humiliat ed.' Allah says:

び͡ウ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "On t he Day of Al-Fat h...'') meaning, ` when t he wrat h and punishment of Allah befall you, in t his world and t he next ,'

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヌ ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΑ∠ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ (no profit will it be t o t hose who disbelieve if t hey (t hen) believe! Nor will t hey be grant ed a respit e.) This is like t he Ayah,

∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ェゲ͡ プ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ び͡ユ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ

(Then when t heir Messengers came t o t hem wit h clear proofs, t hey were glad wit h t hat which t hey had of t he knowledge...) (40:83-85) Those who claim t hat t his refers t o t he conquest of Makkah go t oo far, and have made a grievous mist ake, for on t he day of t he conquest of Makkah, t he Messenger of Allah accept ed t he Islam of t he freed Makkan prisoners-of-war, who numbered nearly t wo t housand. If what was meant by t his Ayah was t he conquest of Makkah, he would not have accept ed t heir Islam, because Allah says:

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΑ∠ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ウ ͡ ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ (Say: "On t he Day of Al-Fat h, no profit will it be t o t hose who disbelieve if t hey (t hen) believe! Nor will t hey be grant ed a respit e.'') What is meant by Al-Fat h here is Judgement , as in t he Ayat :

び⇔ゅエ∇わプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レ∇Βよ∠ ∇ウわ∠ ∇プゅ∠プぴ (ぴNuh said:び So Aft ah (j udge) bet ween me and t hem) (26:118). and:

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ウ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Our Lord will assemble us all t oget her, t hen He will j udge bet ween us wit h t rut h'') (34:26).

び ギ∃ Β͡レハ ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚらィ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠カヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エ∠わ∇ヘ∠わ∇シや∠ヱぴ (And t hey sought j udgement and every obst inat e, arrogant dict at or was brought t o a complet e loss and dest ruct ion. ) (14:15)

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エわ͡ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (alt hough aforet ime t hey had invoked Allah t o pass j udgement over t hose who disbelieved) (2:89)

び⊥ウ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エわ͡ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ (If you ask for a j udgement , now has t he j udgement come unt o you) (8:19). Then Allah says:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ レぁョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ ルや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ ぴ

(So t urn aside from t hem and await , verily, t hey (t oo) are await ing.) meaning, ` t urn away from t hese idolat ors, and convey t hat which has been revealed t o you from your Lord.' This is like t he Ayah,

び∠ヲワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ョ ∇ノら͡ ゎｚ やぴ (Follow what has been revealed t o you from your Lord, t here is no God but Him.) (6:106) ` Wait unt il Allah fulfills t hat which He has promised you, and grant s you vict ory over t hose who oppose you, for He never breaks His promise.'

び∇ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ ルや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ぴ (verily, t hey (t oo) are await ing.) means, ` you are wait ing, and t hey are wait ing and plot t ing against you,'

び ͡ラヲ⊥レ∠ヨ∇ャや ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゾ ⊥ よｚ ゲ∠ わ∠ ルｚ ∀ゲ͡ハゅ∠セ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or do t hey say: "A poet ! We await for him some calamit y by t ime!'') (52:30). ` You will see t he consequences of your pat ience t owards t hem, and t he fulfillment of t he promise of your Lord in your vict ory over t hem, and t hey will see t he consequences of t heir wait for somet hing bad t o befall you and your Companions, in t hat Allah's punishment will come upon t hem.' Sufficient unt o us is Allah, and He is t he Best Disposer of affairs. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat AsSaj dah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Ahzab (Chapter - 33) Which was revealed in Al-Madinah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ノ͡ ト ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ ゎｚ や ヴ あ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ゅ∠ョ ∇ノら͡ ゎｚや∠ヱ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Β⇒∠ャま͡ ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡らカ ∠

(1. O Prophet ! Have Taqwa of Allah, and obey not t he disbelievers and t he hypocrit es. Verily, Allah is Ever All-Knower, All-Wise.) (2. And follow t hat which is revealed t o you from your Lord. Verily, Allah is Well-Acquaint ed wit h what you do.) (3. And put your t rust in Allah, and sufficient is Allah as a Trust ee.)

The Command to defy the Disbelievers and Hypocrites by following the Revelation of Allah and putting One's Trust in Him Here Allah point s out somet hing lower by referring t o somet hing higher. When He commands His servant and Messenger t o do t his, He is also commanding t hose who are lower t han him, and t he command is addressed t o t hem more so. Talq bin Habib said: "Taqwa means obeying Allah in t he light of t he guidance of Allah and in hope of earning t he reward of Allah, and refraining from disobeying Allah in t he light of t he guidance of Allah and fearing t he punishment of Allah.''

び∠リΒ͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ノ͡ ト ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and obey not t he disbelievers and t he hypocrit es.) means, do not list en t o what t hey say and do not consult t hem.

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is Ever All-Knower, All-Wise) means, He is more deserving of your following His commandment s and obeying Him, for He knows t he consequences of all t hings and is Wise in all t hat He says and does. Allah says:

び∠マよあ ケ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Β⇒∠ャま͡ ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ ∇ノら͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And follow t hat which is revealed t o you from your Lord.) meaning, of t he Qur'an and Sunnah.

び⇔やゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is Well-Acquaint ed wit h what you do.) means, not hing at all is hidden from Him, and put your t rust in Allah, i.e., in all your affairs and sit uat ions.

び⇔ΚΒ͡ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘ∠ミ∠ヱぴ (and sufficient is Allah as a Wakil.) means, sufficient is He as a Trust ee for t he one who put s his t rust in Him and t urns t o Him.

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ プ͡ ∇ヲィ ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ヤホ∠ リあョ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚョぴ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ ｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヰ͡ ⇒∠ヌゎ⊥ ヴ͡もΚ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠

∇ユム⊥ ワ͡ ヲ∠ ∇プほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ムャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠Βハ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇キや - モ ∠ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠よや∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ テ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠よΙ ６ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ャ∠ヲ∠ョ∠ヱ リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ル⊥ や∠ヲカ͡みプ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇れギ∠ ヨｚ バ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚョ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ほト ∠ ∇カぺ∠ べ∠ヨΒ͡プ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (4. Allah has not made for any man t wo heart s inside his body. Neit her has He made your wives whom you declare t o be like your mot hers' backs, your real mot hers nor has He made your adopt ed sons your real sons. That is but your saying wit h your mout hs. But Allah says t he t rut h, and He guides t o t he way.) (5. Call t hem by t heir fat hers, t hat is more j ust wit h Allah. But if you know not t heir fat her's, your brot hers in fait h and Mawalikum (your freed servant s). And t here is no sin on you concerning t hat in which you made a mist ake, except in regard t o what your heart s deliberat ely int end. And Allah is Ever Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

Abolition of Adoption Before Allah discusses ideas and t heoret ical mat t ers, He gives t angible examples: one man cannot have t wo heart s in his body, and a man's wife does not become his mot her if he says t he words of Zihar t o her: "You are t o me like t he back of my mot her.'' By t he same t oken, an adopt ed child does not become t he son of t he man who adopt s him and calls him his son. Allah says:

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ プ͡ ∇ヲィ ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ヤホ∠ リあョ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚョぴ び∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ ｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヰ͡ ⇒∠ヌゎ⊥ ヴ͡もΚ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ (Allah has not made for any man t wo heart s inside his body. Neit her has He made your wives whom you declare t o be like your mot hers' backs, your real mot hers...) This is like t he Ayah:

び∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ∇ギャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡もΚ ｚ ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ ｚリワ⊥ ゅｚョぴ (They cannot be t heir mot hers. None can be t heir mot hers except t hose who gave t hem birt h) (58:2).

び∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠Βハ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(nor has He made your adopt ed sons your real sons.) This was revealed concerning Zayd bin Harit hah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t he freed servant of t he Prophet . The Prophet had adopt ed him before prophet hood, and he was known as Zayd bin Muhammad. Allah want ed t o put an end t o t his naming and at t ribut ion, as He said:

び∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠Βハ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (nor has He made your adopt ed sons your real sons. ) This is similar t o t he Ayah lat er in t his Surah:

メ ∠ ヲ⊥シケｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠ィケあ リ∂ョ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠よ∠ぺ ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚョぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ リ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや ユ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠カヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (Muhammad is not t he fat her of any of your men, but he is t he Messenger of Allah and t he last (end) of t he Prophet s. And Allah is Ever All-Aware of everyt hing.) (33:40). And Allah says here:

び∇ユム⊥ ワ͡ ヲ∠ ∇プほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ムャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That is but your saying wit h your mout hs.) meaning, ` your adopt ion of him is j ust words, and it does not mean t hat he is really your son,' for he was creat ed from t he loins of anot her man, and a child cannot have t wo fat hers j ust as a man cannot have t wo heart s in one body.

び∠モΒ͡らジ ｚ ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (But Allah says t he t rut h, and He guides t o t he way.) Sa` id bin Jubayr said:

びｚペ∠エ∇ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ (But Allah says t he t rut h,) means, j ust ice. Qat adah said:

び∠モΒ͡らジ ｚ ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He guides t o t he way) means, t he st raight pat h. Imam Ahmad said t hat Hasan t old t hem t hat Zuhayr t old t hem from Qabus, meaning Ibn Abi Zibyan, t hat his fat her t old him: "I said t o Ibn ` Abbas, ` Do you know t he Ayah,

び͡ヮプ͡ ∇ヲィ ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ヤホ∠ リあョ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚョぴ (Allah has not made for any man t wo heart s inside his body.) What does t his mean' He said t hat t he Messenger of Allah st ood up one day t o pray, and he t rembled. The hypocrit es who were

praying wit h him said, ` Do you not see t hat he has t wo heart s, one heart wit h you and anot her wit h t hem' Then Allah revealed t he words:

び͡ヮプ͡ ∇ヲィ ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ヤホ∠ リあョ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚョぴ (Allah has not made for any man t wo heart s inside his body.)'' This was also narrat ed by At Tirmidhi, who said, "It is a Hasan Hadit h''. It was also narrat ed by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hat im from t he Hadit h of Zuhayr.

An Adopted Child should be named after His Real Father

び͡ヮヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ テ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠よΙ ６ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇キやぴ (Call t hem (adopt ed sons) by t heir fat hers, t hat is more j ust wit h Allah.) This is a command which abrogat es t he st at e of affairs t hat exist ed at t he beginning of Islam, when it was permit t ed t o call adopt ed sons aft er t he man who adopt ed t hem. Then Allah commanded t hat t hey should be given back t he names of t heir real fat hers, and st at es t hat t his was more fair and j ust . Al-Bukhari (may Allah have mercy on him) narrat ed t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said: "Zayd bin Harit hah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t he freed servant of t he Messenger of Allah , was always called Zayd bin Muhammad, unt il (t he words of t he) Qur'an were revealed:

び͡ヮヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ テ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠よΙ ６ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇キやぴ (Call t hem (adopt ed sons) by (t he names of) t heir fat hers, t hat is more j ust wit h Allah.)'' This was also narrat ed by Muslim, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i. They used t o deal wit h t hem as sons in every respect , including being alone wit h t hem as Mahrams and so on. Hence Sahlah bint Suhayl, t he wife of Abu Hudhayfah, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem bot h, said: "O Messenger of Allah! We used t o call Salim our son, but Allah has revealed what He has revealed. He used t o ent er upon me, but I feel t hat Abu Hudhayfah does not like t hat . The Prophet said:

«ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヶ͡ョゲ⊥ ∇エゎ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡バッ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠» (Breast feed him and he will become your Mahram. )'' Hence when t his ruling was abrogat ed, Allah made it permissible for a man t o marry t he ex-wife of his adopt ed son, and t he Messenger of Allah married Zaynab bint Jahsh, t he divorced wife of Zayd bin Harit hah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Allah said:

͡ァや∠ヱ∇コ∠ぺ ヴ͡プ ァ ∀ ゲ∠ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヴム∠ ャ͡ぴ び⇔やゲ∠デヱ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇や∇ヲツ ∠ ホ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠Βハ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ (So t hat (in fut ure) t here may be no difficult y t o t he believers in respect of t he wives of t heir adopt ed sons when t he lat t er have no desire t o keep t hem) (33:37). And Allah says in Ayat At Tahrim:

び∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠ヤ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ も͡ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ モ ⊥ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (The wives of your sons from your own loins) (4:23). The wife of an adopt ed son is not included because he was not born from t he man's loins. A "fost er'' son t hrough breast feeding is t he same as a son born from one's own loins, from t he point of view of Shari` ah, because t he Prophet said in t he Two Sahihs:

«ょ∠ジレｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ュ⊥ ｚゲエ ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ッゲｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ やヲ⊥ョゲｚ ェ ∠» (Suckling makes unlawful as lineage does.) As for calling a person "son'' as an expression of honor and endearment , t his is not what is forbidden in t his Ayah, as is indicat ed by t he report recorded by Imam Ahmad and t he Sunan compilers -- apart from At -Tirmidhi -- from Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, who said: "We young boys of Banu ` Abd Al-Mut t alib came t o t he Messenger of Allah at t he Jamarat ; he slapped us on t he t high and said,

«ザ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ノ∠ ヤ⊥∇トゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや やヲ⊥ョ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ (ヶ ｚ レ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ぺ⊥)» (O my sons, do not st one t he Jamarah unt il t he sun has risen.) This was during t he Farewell Pilgrimage in 10 AH.

び∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠よΙ ６ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇キやぴ (Call t hem by t heir fat hers.) This is concerning Zayd bin Harit hah, may Allah be pleased wit h him. He was killed in 8 AH at t he bat t le of Mu't ah. In Sahih Muslim it is report ed t hat Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "The Messenger of Allah said:

«ヶ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠Α» (O my son.)'' It was also report ed by Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi.

リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ル⊥ や∠ヲカ͡みプ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠よや∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ Β͡ャヲ∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ (But if you know not t heir fat her's t hen t hey are your brot hers in t he religion and Mawalikum (your freed servant s).) Here Allah commands t hat adopt ed sons should be given back t heir fat hers' names, if t hey are known; if t hey are not known, t hen t hey should be called brot hers in fait h or freed servant s, t o compensat e for not knowing what t heir real lineage is. When t he Messenger of Allah left Makkah aft er performing his ` Umrat Al-Qada', t he daught er of Hamzah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, st art ed following him, calling, "O uncle, O uncle!'' ` Ali t ook her and said t o Fat imah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, "Take care of your uncle's daught er,'' so she picked her up. ` Ali, Zayd and Ja` far -- may Allah be pleased wit h t hem -- disput ed over of which of t hem was going t o t ake care of her, and each of t hem gave his reasons. ` Ali said, "I have more right , because she is t he daught er of my pat ernal uncle.'' Zayd said, "She is t he

daught er of my brot her.'' Ja` far bin Abi Talib said: "She is t he daught er of my pat ernal uncle and I am married t o her mat ernal aunt -- meaning Asma' bint ` Umays.'' The Prophet ruled t hat she should st ay wit h her mat ernal aunt , and said:

«ュ⊥ほ∇ャや る͡ ャ∠ゴ͡ ∇レヨ∠ よ͡ る⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ガ∇ャや» (The mat ernal aunt has t he same st at us as t he mot her.) He said t o ` Ali, may Allah be pleased wit h him,

«マ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ヶあレョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠» (You belong t o me and I belong t o you.) He said t o Ja` far, may Allah be pleased wit h him,

«ヶ͡ボヤ⊥カ ⊥ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ボ∇ヤカ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヰら∠ ∇セぺ∠» (You resemble me bot h in your looks and in your at t it ude.) And he said t o Zayd, may Allah be pleased wit h him,

«ゅ∠ルゅ∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥カ∠ぺ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠» (You are our brot her and our freed servant .) This Hadit h cont ains a number of rulings, t he most import ant of which is t hat t he Prophet ruled according t o t he t rut h, and t hat he sought t o appease all t he disput ing part ies. His saying t o Zayd, may Allah be pleased wit h him,

«ゅ∠ルゅ∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥カ∠ぺ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠» (You are our brot her and our freed servant .) is as Allah says in t his Ayah:

び∇ユム⊥ Β͡ャヲ∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ル⊥ や∠ヲカ͡みプ∠ ぴ (your brot hers in fait h and your freed servant s. ) Then Allah says:

び͡ヮよ͡ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ほト ∠ ∇カぺ∠ べ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t here is no sin on you concerning t hat in which you made a mist ake,) meaning, if you call one of t hem aft er someone who is not in fact his fat her, by mist ake, aft er t rying your best t o find out his parent age, t hen Allah will not at t ach any sin t o t his mist ake. This is like t he Ayah in which Allah commands His servant s t o say:

びゅ∠ル∇ほト ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠レΒ͡ジルｚ ラ͡ま べ∠ル∇グカ ͡ や∠ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ

(Our Lord! Punish us not if we forget or fall int o error) (2:286). It was report ed in Sahih Muslim t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

«ろ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ ∇ギホ∠ :モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ» (Allah says, "Cert ainly I did (so).'') In Sahih Al-Bukhari, it was recorded t hat ` Amr bin Al-` As, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "The Messenger of Allah said:

ラ ͡ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡ラや∠ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タほ∠プ∠ ユ⊥ ミ͡ ゅ∠エ∇ャや ギ∠ ヰ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや や∠クま͡» «ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ほ∠ト ∠ ∇カほ∠プ∠ ギ∠ ヰ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや (If t he j udge makes Ij t ihad and reaches t he right decision, he will have t wo rewards; if he makes Ij t ihad and reaches t he wrong decision, he will have one reward.) In anot her Hadit h:

ラ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ジレあ ャや∠ヱ ほ∠ト ∠ガ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リハ ∠ ノ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ヴャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» «ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ワゲ∠ ∇ムΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (Allah will forgive my Ummah for mist akes, forget fulness and what t hey are forced t o do.) And Allah says here:

ゅｚョ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ほト ∠ ∇カぺ∠ べ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇れギ∠ ヨｚ バ∠ ゎ∠ (And t here is no sin on you concerning t hat in which you made a mist ake, except in regard t o what your heart s deliberat ely int end. And Allah is Ever Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) meaning, t he sin is on t he person who deliberat ely does somet hing wrong, as Allah says elsewhere:

び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ヲ͡ ∇ピヤｚャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ グ⊥ カ ͡ や∠ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚぴ (Allah will not call you t o account for t hat which is unint ent ional in your oat hs) (2:225). Imam Ahmad narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat ` Umar said: "Allah sent Muhammad wit h t he Trut h and revealed t o him t he Book. One of t he t hings t hat was revealed in it was t he Ayah of st oning, so t he Messenger of Allah st oned ぴadult erersび and we st oned ぴt hemび aft er he died.'' Then he said, "We also used t o recit e, ` Do not at t ribut e yourselves t o anyone ot her t han your fat hers, for t his is disbelief, t o at t ribut e yourselves t o anyone ot her t han your fat hers.''' The Messenger of Allah said:

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ヵ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇デぺ⊥ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ヶ͡ルヱ⊥ゲ∇トゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇らハ ∠ :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボプ∠ ∩͡ぶや⊥ギ∇らハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩⊥ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや «ヮ⊥ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ (Do not exaggerat e in praising me as ` Isa bin Maryam was praised upon him be peace and blessings. I am j ust a servant of Allah. Say, "He is His servant and Messenger.'') Or Ma` mar may have said:

«ユ∠Α∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ン∠ケゅ∠ダレｚ ャや れ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ » (As t he Christ ians praised t he son of Maryam. ) This was also narrat ed in anot her Hadit h:

∩͡ょジ ∠ レｚ ャや ヶ͡プ リ ⊥ ∇バｚトャや :∀ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ∀ゐゅ∠ヤ∠を» «ュヲ⊥イレぁャゅ͡よ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ボ∇ジわ͡ ∇シゅ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩͡ろΒあ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る⊥ ェ ∠ ゅ∠Βレあ ャや∠ヱ (Three t hings t hat people do are part s of disbelief: slandering a person's lineage, wailing over t he dead and seeking rain by t he st ars.)

ヮ⊥ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャやぴ ヴ͡プ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠ェ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲイ ͡ ⇒∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わミ͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ⇔プヱ⊥ゲ∇バョｚ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ト∇ジョ∠ (6. The Prophet is closer t o t he believers t han t hemselves, and his wives are t heir mot hers. And blood relat ions among each ot her have closer personal t ies in t he decree of Allah t han t he believers and t he Muhaj irin, except t hat you do kindness t o t hose brot hers. This has been writ t en in t he Book.)

Loyalty to the Prophet ; and his wives are Mothers of the Believers Allah t ells us how His Messenger is merciful and sincere t owards his Ummah, and how he is closer t o t hem t han t hey are t o t hemselves. His j udgement or ruling t akes precedence over t heir own choices for t hemselves, as Allah says:

ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨムあ エ ∠ Α⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヱ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ ろ ∠ ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ゅ⇔ィ∠ゲェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギ͡イ∠Α Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤ∇ジゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤあジ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ (But no, by your Lord, t hey can have no fait h, unt il t hey make you j udge in all disput es bet ween t hem, and find in t hemselves no resist ance against your decisions, and accept wit h full submission.) (4:65) In t he Sahih it says:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» サ ͡ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ ロ͡ ギ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ «リΒ͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ (By t he One in Whose Hand is my soul, none of you t ruly believes unt il I am dearer t o him t han his own self, his wealt h, his children and all t he people.) It was also report ed in t he Sahih t hat ` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "O Messenger of Allah, by Allah, you are dearer t o me t han everyt hing except myself.'' He said,

«マ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ハ ⊥ ゅ∠Α ∩ゅ∠ャ» (No, O ` Umar, not unt il I am dearer t o you t han yourself.) ` Umar said: "O Messenger of Allah, by Allah, now you are dearer t o me t han everyt hing, even myself.'' He said,

«ゲ∠ヨハ ⊥ ゅΑ∠ ラ ∠ べ∇ャや» (Now, O ` Umar ぴyou have got it right び.) Allah says in t his Ayah:

び∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャやぴ (The Prophet is closer t o t he believers t han t hemselves,) Concerning t his Ayah, Al-Bukhari narrat ed from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat t he Prophet said:

ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ よ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅｚャま͡ リ ∃ ョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» :∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ラま͡ やヱ⊥ぼゲ∠ ∇ホや ∩͡りゲ∠ カ ͡ べ∇ャや∠ヱ

び∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャやぴ (There is no believer except I am t he closest of all people t o him in t his world and in t he Hereaft er. Recit e, if you wish: (The Prophet is closer t o t he believers t han t hemselves.)

∩やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ら∠ ∇ダハ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇をゲ͡ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ゅ⇔ャゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ リ ∃ ョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ゅ∠ヨΑぁ ∠ほ∠プ «ロゅ∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ゅ∠ルほ∠プ∠ ヶ͡レゎ͡ ∇ほΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ゅ⇔ハゅ∠Βッ ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔レ∇Αキ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ If any believer leaves behind any wealt h, let his own relat ives inherit it , but if he leaves behind any debt or orphans, bring t hem t o me and I will t ake care of t hem.) This was recorded only by Al-Bukhari, and he also recorded it in t he Book of Loans.

び∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and his wives are t heir mot hers.) means, t hey are unlawful for marriage. In t erms of honor, respect and venerat ion, it is not permissible for t hem t o be alone wit h t hem, and t he prohibit ion of marriage t o t hem does not ext end t o t heir daught ers and sist ers, according t o scholarly consensus.

ょ ͡ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠ェ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ び∠リΑ͡ゲイ ͡ ⇒∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (And blood relat ions among each ot her have closer personal t ies in t he decree of Allah t han t he believers and t he Muhaj irin, ) This is an abrogat ion of t he rule t hat exist ed previously, whereby t hey could inherit from one anot her by virt ue of t he oat h of brot herhood among t hem. Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers said: "A Muhaj ir would inherit from an Ansari even t hough t hey were not relat ed by blood, because of t he brot herhood est ablished bet ween t hem by t he Messenger of Allah .'' This was also st at ed by Sa` id bin Jubayr and ot hers among scholars of t he earlier and lat er generat ions.

び⇔ゅプヱ⊥ゲ∇バョｚ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except t hat you do kindness t o t hose brot hers.) means, t he idea of inherit ing from one anot her has gone, but t here remains t he dut y t o offer support and kindness, t o uphold t ies of brot herhood and t o offer good advice.

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ト∇ジョ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ マ͡ャク ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミぴ (This has been writ t en in t he Book.) This ruling, which is t hat t hose who are blood relat ives have closer personal t ies t o one anot her, is a ruling which Allah has decreed and which is writ t en in t he First Book which cannot be alt ered or changed. This is t he view of Muj ahid and

ot hers. (This is t he case) even t hough Allah legislat ed somet hing different at cert ain t imes, and t here is wisdom behind t his, for He knew t hat t his would be abrogat ed and t he original ruling t hat was inst it ut ed an et ernit y ago would prevail, and t his is His universal and legislat ive decree. And Allah knows best .

ゥ ∃ ヲぁル リ͡ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ∠ ゅ∠んΒ͡ョ リ ∠ ∇ΒΒあ ら͡ レｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ͡ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ギタ ͡ リ∠ハ リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや メ ∠ ほ∠∇ジΒ∠ ャあ - ゅ⇔ヌΒ͡ヤビ ∠ ゅ⇔ホゅ∠んΒあョ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ (7. And when We t ook from t he Prophet s t heir covenant , and from you, and from Nuh, Ibrahim, Musa, and ` Isa son of Maryam. We t ook from t hem a st rong covenant .) (8. That He may ask t he t rut hful about t heir t rut h. And He has prepared for t he disbelievers a painful t orment .)

The Covenant of the Prophets Allah t ells us about t he five Might y Messengers wit h st rong resolve and t he ot her Prophet s, how He t ook a covenant from t hem t o est ablish t he religion of Allah and convey His Message, and t o cooperat e and support one anot her, as Allah says:

ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ リあョ ユ⊥ムわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ヨャ∠ リ ∠ ∇ΒΒあら͡ レｚ ャや ペ ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ∀ベギあ ダ ∠ ョぁ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ｚユを⊥ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ムェ ͡ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ケゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠￢∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ｚルゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠わャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ｚリレ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽわ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇セゅ∠プ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ル∇ケゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ン͡ゲ∇タま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク びリ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒ｚゼャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ (And when Allah t ook t he covenant of t he Prophet s, saying: "Take what ever I gave you from t he Book and Hikmah, and aft erwards t here will come t o you a Messenger confirming what is wit h you; you must , t hen, believe in him and help him.'' Allah said: "Do you agree, and will you t ake up My covenant '' They said: "We agree.'' He said: "Then bear wit ness; and I am wit h you among t he wit nesses.'') (3:81) This covenant was t aken from t hem aft er t heir missions st art ed. Elsewhere in t he Qur'an, Allah ment ions five by name, and t hese are t he Might y Messengers wit h st rong resolve. They are also ment ioned by name in t his Ayah and in t he Ayah:

ン͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ル ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴｚタヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ͡ Α͡ギャ͡や リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ネ ∠ ゲ∠ セ ∠ぴ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βタ ｚ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ び͡ヮΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Αあギャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ∠ジΒハ ͡ ヱ∠ (He (Allah) has ordained for you t he same religion which He ordained for Nuh, and t hat which We have revealed t o you, and t hat which We ordained for Ibrahim, Musa and ` Isa saying you should est ablish religion and make no divisions in it .) (42:13) This is t he covenant which Allah t ook from t hem, as He says:

ゥ ∃ ヲぁル リ͡ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ∠ ゅ∠んΒ͡ョ リ ∠ ∇ΒΒあ ら͡ レｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∠ユΑ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ͡ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ヱ∠ (And when We t ook from t he Prophet s t heir covenant , and from you, and from Nuh, Ibrahim, Musa, and ` Isa son of Maryam.) This Ayah begins wit h t he last Prophet , as a t oken of respect , may t he blessings of Allah be upon him, t hen t he names of t he ot her Prophet s are given in order, may t he blessings of Allah be upon t hem. Ibn ` Abbas said: "The st rong covenant is Al` Ahd (t he covenant ).

び∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ギタ ͡ リ∠ハ リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや メ ∠ ほ∠∇ジΒ∠ ャあぴ (That He may ask t he t rut hful about t heir t rut h.) Muj ahid said: "This refers t o, t hose who convey t he Message from t he Messengers.''

び∠リΑ͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And He has prepared for t he disbelievers) i.e., among t heir nat ions,

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ぴ (a painful t orment .) i.e., agonizing. We bear wit ness t hat t he Messengers did indeed convey t he Message of t heir Lord and advised t heir nat ions, and t hat t hey clearly showed t hem t he t rut h in which t here is no confusion, doubt or ambiguit y, even t hough t hey were rej ect ed by t he ignorant , st ubborn and rebellious wrongdoers. What t he Messengers brought is t he t rut h, and whoever opposes t hem is misguided. As t he people of Paradise will say:

びあペ∠エ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Indeed, t he Messengers of our Lord did come wit h t he t rut h.) (7:43)

∇クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ∇ユャｚ や⇔キヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔エΑ͡ケ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ∀キヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゅ∠ワ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ろ ͡ ビ ∠ や∠コ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ モ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲぁレヌ ⊥ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ィ ͡ ゅ∠レエ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘや び ∇ゅ∠ルヲ⊥レヌ ぁ ャや (9. O you who believe! Remember Allah's favor t o you, when t here came against you host s, and We sent against t hem a wind and forces t hat you saw not . And Allah is Ever All-Seer of what you do.) (10. When t hey came upon you from above you and from below you, and when t he eyes grew wild and t he heart s reached t o t he t hroat s, and you were harboring doubt s about Allah.)

The Campaign of the Confederates (Al-Ahzab) Allah t ells us of t he blessings and favors He best owed upon His believing servant s when He divert ed t heir enemies and defeat ed t hem in t he year when t hey gat hered t oget her and plot t ed. That was t he year of Al-Khandaq, in Shawwal of t he year 5 AH according t o t he wellknown correct view. Musa bin ` Uqbah and ot hers said t hat it was in t he year 4 AH. The reason why t he Confederat es came was t hat a group of t he leaders of t he Jews of Banu Nadir, whom t he Messenger of Allah had expelled from Al-Madinah t o Khaybar, including Sallam bin Abu AlHuqayq, Sallam bin Mishkam and Kinanah bin Ar-Rabi` , went t o Makkah where t hey met wit h t he leaders of Quraysh and incit ed t hem t o make war against t he Prophet . They promised t hat t hey would give t hem help and support , and Quraysh agreed t o t hat . Then t hey went t o t he Ghat afan t ribe wit h t he same call, and t hey responded t oo. The Quraysh came out wit h t heir company of men from various t ribes and t heir followers, under t he leadership of Abu Sufyan Sakhr bin Harb. The Ghat afan were led by ` Uyaynah bin Hisn bin Badr. In all t hey numbered nearly t en t housand. When t he Messenger of Allah heard t hat t hey had set out , he commanded t he Muslims t o dig a dit ch (Khandaq) around Al-Madinah from t he east . This was on t he advice of Salman Al-Farisi, may Allah be pleased wit h him. So t he Muslims did t his, working hard, and t he Messenger of Allah worked wit h t hem, carrying eart h away and digging, in t he process of which t here occurred many miracles and clear signs. The idolat ors came and made camp t o t he nort h of Al-Madinah, near Uhud, and some of t hem camped on t he high ground overlooking AlMadinah, as Allah says:

び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ モ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ぴ (When t hey came upon you from above you and from below you,) The Messenger of Allah came out wit h t he believers, who numbered nearly t hree t housand, or it was said t hat t hey numbered seven hundred. They had t heir backs t owards (t he mount ain of) Sal` and were facing

t he enemy, and t he dit ch, in which t here was no wat er, was bet ween t he t wo groups, prevent ing t he cavalry and infant ry from reaching t hem. The women and children were in t he st rongholds of Al-Madinah. Banu Qurayzah, who were a group among t he Jews, had a fort ress in t he sout h-east of Al-Madinah, and t hey had made a t reat y wit h t he Prophet and were under his prot ect ion. They numbered nearly eight hundred fight ers. Huyay bin Akht ab An-Nadari went t o t hem and kept t rying t o persuade t hem unt il t hey broke t he t reat y and went over t o t he side of t he Confederat es against t he Messenger of Allah . The crisis deepened and t hings got worse, as Allah says:

び や⇔ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ Ι ⇔ や∠ゴ∇ャコ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゴ͡ ∇ャコ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ ヤ͡わ⊥ ∇よや マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ ぴ (There, t he believers were t ried and shaken wit h a might y shaking.) ぴ33: 11び They besieged t he Prophet and his Companions for almost a mont h, but t hey did not reach t hem and t here was no fight ing bet ween t hem, except for when ` Amr bin ` Abd Wadd Al-` Amiri, who was one of t he most famous and bravest horsemen of t he Jahiliyyah, came wit h some ot her horsemen, and crossed t he dit ch t o t he Muslim side. The Messenger of Allah called for t he Muslim cavalry, and it was said t hat no one came forward. Then he called ` Ali, may Allah be pleased wit h him, who came forward and t hey fought in single combat unt il Ali, may Allah be pleased wit h him, killed him, and t his was a sign of imminent vict ory. Then Allah sent an int ensely cold wind wit h st rong gust s against t he Confederat es, and t hey were left wit h no t ent s or anyt hing else; t hey could not light any fires or do anyt hing, and so t hey depart ed, disappoint ed and defeat ed, as Allah says:

∇クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び⇔やキヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔エΑ͡ケ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ∀キヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ (O you who believe! Remember Allah's favor t o you, when t here came against you host s, and We sent against t hem a wind and forces) Muj ahid said: "This was t he east erly wind.'' This view is support ed by anot her Hadit h:

«ケヲ⊥よギｚ ャゅ͡よ ∀キゅ∠ハ ∇ろム∠ ヤ͡∇ワぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠らダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ れ ⊥ ∇ゲダ ͡ ル⊥ » (I was given vict ory by t he east erly wind, and ` Ad were dest royed by t he west erly wind.)

びゅ∠ワ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ や⇔キヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and forces t hat you saw not .) This refers t o t he angels who shook t hem and cast fear and t error int o t heir heart s. The chief of each t ribe said, "O Banu so-and-so, t o me!'' So t hey gat hered around him, and he said, "Let us save ourselves,'' when Allah cast fear and t error int o t heir heart s. In his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat Ibrahim At -Taymi said t hat his fat her said: "We were wit h Hudhayfah bin Al-Yaman, may Allah be pleased wit h him, and a man said t o him: ` If I had met t he Messenger of Allah I would have fought alongside him and I would have st riven my ut most .' Hudhayfah said t o him: ` Would you really have done t hat I was present wit h t he Messenger of Allah during (t he campaign) against t he Confederat es on a very cold and windy night , and t he Messenger of Allah said:

ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡バョ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ら∠ ガ ∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや (Is t here any man who will bring me news of t he people He will be wit h me on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) None of us answered him, and he repeat ed it a second and a t hird t ime. Then he said:

«ュ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ∃ ら∠ ガ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レ͡ゎ∇ほ∠プ ∇ユホ⊥ る⊥ ヘ∠ ∇Αグ∠ ェ ⊥ ゅ∠Α» (O Hudhayfah, get up and bring us news of t he people.) When he called me by name, I had no choice but t o get up. He said,

«ヶ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ ∇グゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ら∠ ガ ∠ よ͡ ヶ͡レわ͡ ∇もや» (Bring us news of t he people, but do not alarm t hem.) So I went , walking as if I were walking among pigeons, unt il I came t o t hem. I saw Abu Sufyan warming his back by t he fire, and I put an arrow in my bow, want ing t o shoot it at him, t hen I remembered what t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ヶ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ ∇グゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ » (Do not alarm t hem.) If I shot t he arrow, I would have hit him. So I came back, again walking as if I were walking among pigeons, and I came t o t he Messenger of Allah . Aft er my ret urning I began t o feel very cold. I t old t he Messenger of Allah and he gave me t o wear a spare cloak of his which he used t o pray in. I slept unt il morning came, and when morning came, t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ラゅ∠ョ∇ヲ∠ルゅ∠Α ∇ユホ⊥ » (Get up, O sleepy one!)'''

び∇ユム⊥ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ぴ (When t hey came upon you from above you) refers t o t he Confederat es,

び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ モ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and from below you.) We have already not ed t he report from Abu Hudhayfah t hat t hese were Banu Qurayzah.

び∠ゲィ ͡ ゅ∠レエ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘやろ ͡ ビ ∠ や∠コ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and when t he eyes grew wild and t he heart s reached t o t he t hroat s,) means, from int ense fear and t error.

び∇ゅル∠ ヲ⊥レヌ ぁ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲぁレヌ ⊥ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and you were harboring doubt s about Allah.) Ibn Jarir said: "Some of t hose who were wit h t he Messenger of Allah , had doubt s and t hought t hat t he out come would be against t he believers, and t hat Allah would allow t hat t o happen.'' Muhammad bin Ishaq said concerning t he Ayah:

ゲ∠ ィ ͡ ゅ∠レエ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘや ろ ͡ ビ ∠ や∠コ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ゅル∠ ヲ⊥レヌ ぁ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲぁレヌ ⊥ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ (when t he eyes grew wild and t he heart s reached t o t he t hroat s, and you were harboring doubt s about Allah.) "The believers had all kinds of doubt s, and hypocrisy emerged t o such an ext ent t hat Mu` at t ib bin Qushayr, t he brot her of Banu ` Amr bin ` Awf said: ` Muhammad was promising us t hat we would win t he t reasure of Chosroes and Caesar, but one of us cannot even go and relieve himself.''' Al-Hasan said concerning t he Ayah:

び∇ゅル∠ ヲ⊥レヌ ぁ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲぁレヌ ⊥ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and you were harboring doubt s about Allah.) "There were different kinds of t hought s; t he hypocrit es t hought t hat Muhammad and his Companions would be eliminat ed, while t he believers were cert ain t hat what Allah and His Messenger promised was t rue, and t hat He would cause t he religion t o prevail even if t he idolat ors hat ed it .'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Sa` id, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "On t he day of Al-Khandaq, we said: ` O Messenger of Allah, is t here anyt hing we should say, for our heart s have reached our t hroat s' He said:

∇リョ͡ へ∠ヱ ゅ∠レゎ͡ や∠ケ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲわ⊥ ∇シや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » «ゅ∠レ͡ゎゅ∠ハ∇ヱ∠ケ (Yes, say: O Allah, cover our weak point s and calm our fears.) Then ぴAllahび st ruck t he faces of t he enemy wit h t he wind, and defeat ed t hem wit h t he wind. This was also recorded by Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal from Abu ` Amir Al-` Aqadi.

- や⇔ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ Ι ⇔ や∠ゴ∇ャコ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゴ͡ ∇ャコ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ ヤ͡わ⊥ ∇よや マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ ぴ ゅｚョ ∀チ∠ゲョｚ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠

る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べｚデ ろ∠ャゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ や⇔ケヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ルギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ⊥ ク͡ ∇ほわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ケゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ボョ⊥ Ι ∠ ゆ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇んΑ∠ . モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ り∀ ケ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ゅ∠レゎ∠ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヴ ｚ ら͡ レｚ ャゅ⊥ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ び⇔やケや∠ゲプ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ͡ま り∃ ケ∠ ∇ヲバ∠ よ͡ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ (11. There, t he believers were t ried and shaken wit h a might y shaking. ) (12. And when t he hypocrit es and t hose in whose heart s is a disease said: "Allah and His Messenger promised us not hing but delusion!'') (13. And when a part y of t hem said: "O people of Yat hrib! There is no post it ion for you. Therefore go back!'' And a band of t hem ask for permission of t he Prophet saying: "Truly, our homes lie open.'' And t hey lay not open. They but wished t o flee.)

How the Believers were tested, and the Position of the Hypocrites during the Battle of Al-Khandaq Allah t ells us what happened when t he Confederat es surrounded Al-Madinah and t he Muslims were besieged and found t hemselves in st rait ened circumst ances, wit h t he Messenger of Allah in t heir midst . They were t ried and t est ed, and were shaken wit h a might y shaking. At t his t ime hypocrisy emerged, and t hose in whose heart s was a disease spoke about what t hey really felt .

∀チ∠ゲョｚ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠ルギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚョ (And when t he hypocrit es and t hose in whose heart s is a disease said: "Allah and His Messenger promised us not hing but delusion!'') Their hypocrisy became apparent , while t he one in whose heart was doubt became weak, and he expressed t he ideas t hat were in his heart because of t he weakness of his fait h and t he difficult y of t he sit uat ion. And ot her people said, as Allah t ells us:

び∠ゆ͡ゲ∇ん∠Α. モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べｚデ ろ∠ャゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when a part y of t hem said: "O people of Yat hrib...'') meaning Al-Madinah, as it was report ed in t he Sahih:

リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∀チ∇ケ∠ぺ ∩∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ゲ∠ ∇イワ͡ ケ∠ や∠キ ュ͡ ゅ∠レヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ろ ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥» «ゆ͡ゲ∇んΑ∠ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ゲ⊥ イ ∠ ワ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ヶ͡ヤワ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∠ ワ∠ グ∠ プ∠ ∩͡リ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠

(I was shown in a dream t he place t o which you will migrat e, a land bet ween t wo lava fields. At first I t hought it was Haj ar, but it t urned out t o be Yat hrib.) According t o anot her narrat ion:

«る∠レΑ͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや» (Al-Madinah. ) It was said t hat t he origin of it s name Yat hrib was t hat a man set t led t here from (t he people of) Al-` Amaliq whose name was Yat hrib bin ` Ubayd bin Mahlayil bin ` Aws bin ` Amlaq bin Lawudh bin Iram bin Sam bin Nuh. This was t he view of As-Suhayli. He said: "And it was narrat ed from some of t hem t hat he said, ` It is given eleven names in t he Tawrah: AlMadinah, Tabah, Tayyibah, Al-Miskinah, Al-Jabirah, Al-Muhibbah, Al-Mahbubah, Al-Qasimah, AlMaj burah, Al-` Adhra' and Al-Marhumah.''' r

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ボョ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (There is no posit ion for you.) means, ` here, wit h t he Prophet , you cannot st and guard,'

び∇やヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ケゅ∠プぴ (Therefore go back) means, ` t o your houses and dwellings'.

びｚヴら͡ レｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レあョ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ ラ ⊥ ク͡ ∇ほわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And a band of t hem ask for permission of t he Prophet ) Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him said, "These were Banu Harit hah, who said, ` We fear for our homes, t hat t hey may be robbed.''' This was also st at ed by ot hers. Ibn Ishaq ment ioned t hat t he one who said t his was ` Aws bin Qayzi. They were using as an excuse t o go back t o t heir houses t he claim t hat t hey were lying open and had not hing t o prot ect t hem from t he enemy, so t hey were afraid for t heir homes. But Allah said:

び∃りケ∠ ∇ヲバ∠ よ͡ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey lay not open.) meaning, it is not as t hey claim.

び⇔やケや∠ゲプ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ͡まぴ (They but wished t o flee.) means, t hey want ed t o run away from t he bat t lefield.

る∠ レ∠ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤゃ͡ シ ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠ワケ͡ ゅ∠ト∇ホぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろヤ∠カ ͡ キ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥んらｚ ∠ヤ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ワ∇ヲゎ∠ Ι ∂

ギ⊥ ∇ヰハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゲ∠ ⇒∠よ∇キΙ ｘやラ ∠ ヲぁャヲ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ハ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ケゲ∠ プ∠ ラ͡ま ケ⊥ や∠ゲヘ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ バ∠ ヘ∠ レ∠Α リｚャ モ⊥ホ - Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥ゃ∇ジョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや -Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ｚ や⇔ク͡まヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇わボ∠ ∇ャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ヨ⊥ ダ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠ク リ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ (14. And if t he enemy had ent ered from all sides, and t hey had been exhort ed t o Al-Fit nah, t hey would surely have commit t ed it and would have hesit at ed t hereupon but lit t le.) (15. And indeed t hey had already made a covenant wit h Allah not t o t urn t heir backs, and a covenant wit h Allah must be answered for.) (16. Say: "Flight will not avail you if you flee from deat h or killing and t hen you will enj oy no more t han a lit t le while!'') (17. Say: "Who is he who can prot ect you from Allah if He int ends t o harm you, or int ends mercy on you'' And t hey will not find, besides Allah, for t hemselves any prot ect or or any helper.) Allah t ells us about t hose who said:

ラ͡ま り∃ ケ∠ ∇ヲバ∠ よ͡ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ り∀ ケ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ゅ∠レゎ∠ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ び⇔やケや∠ゲプ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ("Truly, our homes lie open.'' And t hey lay not open. They but wished t o flee.) If t he enemy had ent ered upon t hem from every side of Al-Madinah and from every direct ion, t hen demanded t hat t hey become disbelievers, t hey would have prompt ly done so. They would not have adhered t o t heir fait h or remained st eadfast in it if t hey were faced wit h t he slight est fear. This is how it was int erpret ed by Qat adah, ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd and Ibn Jarir. This is a condemnat ion of t hem in t he clearest t erms. Then Allah reminds t hem of t he promise t hey had made t o Him before t his fear st ruck t hem, t hat t hey would not t urn t heir backs or flee from t he bat t lefield.

び⇔Ιヲ⊥ゃ∇ジョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ∇ヰハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and a covenant wit h Allah must be answered for.) means, Allah will inevit ably ask t hem about t hat covenant . Then Allah t ells t hem t hat fleeing from bat t le will not delay t heir appoint ed demise or make t heir lives any longer; on t he cont rary, it may be t he cause of t heir being t aken sooner, and in a sudden manner. Allah says:

び⇔ΚΒ͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ｚ や⇔ク͡まヱ∠ ぴ

(and t hen you will enj oy no more t han a lit t le while!) meaning, ` aft er you run away and flee from bat t le.'

びヴ∠ボゎｚ や リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ノ⊥ ⇒∠わョ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Short is t he enj oyment of t his world. The Hereaft er is bet t er for him who have Taqwa'') (4:77). Then Allah says:

∇ユム⊥ よ͡ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ヨ⊥ ダ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠ク リ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ (Say: "Who is he who can prot ect you from Allah if He int ends t o harm you, or int ends mercy on you'' And t hey will not find, besides Allah, for t hemselves any prot ect or or any helper.) meaning, t hey have no one else except Allah t o respond t o t heir cries.

∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ∠ ∇カΗ ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヤも͡ べ∠ボ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∠リΒ͡ホヲあ ∠バヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ る⇔ エ ｚセ ͡ ぺ∠ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ サ ∠ ∇ほら∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユヤ⊥ワ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ フ ⊥ ∇ヲガ ∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ケ⊥ ヱギ∠ゎ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る⇔ エ ｚセ ͡ ぺ∠ キ∃ や∠ギェ ͡ る∃ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ミヲ⊥ボヤ∠シ ∠ フ ⊥ ∇ヲガ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ワ∠ ク∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや テ ∠ ら∠ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや び や⇔ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ (18. Allah already knows t hose among you who keep back (men) from fight ing (in Allah's cause), and t hose who say t o t heir bret hren, "Come here t owards us,'' while t hey come not t o t he bat t le except a lit t le,) (19. Being miserly t owards you. Then when fear comes, you will see t hem looking t o you, t heir eyes revolving like one over whom hovers deat h; but when t he fear depart s, t hey will smit e you wit h sharp t ongues, miserly t owards good. Such have not believed. Therefore, Allah makes t heir deeds fruit less and t hat is ever easy for Allah.) Allah t ells us t hat His knowledge encompasses t hose who sought t o t ell ot hers not t o go out and who said t o t heir bret hren, meaning t heir companions, friend and acquaint ances,

びゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユヤ⊥ワ∠ ぴ (Come here t owards us,) meaning, come t o where we are in t he shade and enj oying fruit s. But in spit e of t hat ,

び⇔ΚΒ͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ サ ∠ ∇ほら∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ る⇔ エ ｚセ ͡ ぺ∠

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ぴ (t hey come not t o t he bat t le except a lit t le, being miserly t owards you.) i.e., ` t hey are mean and have no love or mercy t owards you.' As-Suddi said:

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ る⇔ エ ｚセ ͡ ぺ∠ぴ (Being miserly t owards you.) means, wit h t he boot y.

ケ⊥ ヱギ∠ゎ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ フ ⊥ ∇ヲガ ∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ び͡れ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ (Then when fear comes, you will see t hem looking t o you, t heir eyes revolving like one over whom hovers deat h;) means, because of t he int ensit y of t heir fear and t error; t his is how afraid t hese cowards are of fight ing.

び∃キや∠ギェ ͡ る∃ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ミヲ⊥ボヤ∠シ ∠ フ ⊥ ∇ヲガ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ワ∠ ク∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (but when t he fear depart s, t hey will smit e you wit h sharp t ongues,) means, when securit y is rest ored, t hey will speak eloquent ly and nicely, claiming t hat t hey were t he bravest and most chivalrous of men, but t hey are lying. Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said:

びユ⊥ミヲ⊥ボ∠ヤ∠シぴ (t hey will smit e you) means, "t hey will st art t o t alk about you.'' Qat adah said: "But when it comes t o t he boot y, t he most miserly of people and t he worst t o have t o share t he boot y wit h are t hose who say, ` Give us, give us, we were t here wit h you,' but during bat t le t hey were t he most cowardly and t he most likely t o fail t o support t he t rut h.'' They are miserly t owards good, meaning t hat t here is no goodness in t hem, for t hey have combined cowardice wit h lies and lit t le good. Allah says:

マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや テ ∠ ら∠ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺぴ び⇔やゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (Such have not believed. Therefore Allah makes t heir deeds fruit less and t hat is ever easy for Allah.)

れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇グΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘ や ∠ラヲ⊥ら∠ジ∇エ∠Αぴ ゆ ͡ や∠ゲ∇ハΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キゅ∠よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱぁキヲ∠ Α∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘや Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤゎ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠らル∠ぺ ∇リハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジΑ∠ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ (20. They t hink t hat t he Confederat es have not yet wit hdrawn; and if t he Confederat es should come, t hey would wish t hey were in t he desert s among t he bedouins, seeking news about you; and if t hey were t o be among you, t hey would not fight but lit t le.) This is anot her aspect of t heir abhorrent at t ribut e of cowardice and fear:

び∇やヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇グΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘ や ∠ラヲ⊥ら∠ジ∇エ∠Αぴ (They t hink t hat t he Confederat es have not yet wit hdrawn;) and t hat t hey are st ill close by and will ret urn.

ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キゅ∠よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱぁキヲ∠ Α∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘや れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠らル∠ぺ ∇リハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジΑ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠ゲ∇ハΙ ｘや (and if t he Confederat es should come, t hey would wish t hey were in t he desert s among t he bedouins, seeking news about you;) means, ` if t he Confederat es should come back, t hey hope t hat t hey will not be present wit h you in Al-Madinah, but t hat t hey will be in t he desert , asking about news of you and what happened t o you wit h your enemy.'

び⇔ΚΒ͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤゎ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and if t hey were t o be among you, t hey would not fight but lit t le.) means, ` if t hey are among you, t hey will not fight alongside you very much,' because t hey are so cowardly and weak, and have so lit t le fait h, but Allah knows best about t hem.

リ∠ヨャあ る∀ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∀り∠ヲ∇シぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ͡ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ - や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ミ∠ ク∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゆ ∠ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ぺケ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ベ ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ルギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤ∇ジゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ キ∠ や∠コ (21. Indeed in t he Messenger of Allah you have a good example t o follow for him who hopes in Allah and t he Last Day, and remembers Allah much.) (22. And when t he believers saw t he Confederat es, t hey said: "This is what Allah and His Messenger had promised us; and Allah and His Messenger had spoken t he t rut h.'' And it only added t o t heir fait h and t o t heir submissiveness.)

The Command to follow the Messenger This Ayah is an import ant principle, t o follow t he Messenger of Allah in all his words, and deeds, et c. Hence Allah commanded t he people t o t ake t he Prophet as an example on t he day of Al-Ahzab, wit h regard t o pat ience, guarding, st riving and wait ing for Allah t o provide t he way out ; may t he peace and blessings of Allah be upon him forever, unt il t he Day of Judgement . Allah says t o t hose who were anxious and impat ient and were shaken by feelings of panic on t he day of Al-Ahzab:

び∀るレ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∀り∠ヲ∇シぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ͡ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ (Indeed in t he Messenger of Allah you have a good example t o follow) meaning, ` why do you not t ake him as an example and follow his lead' Allah says:

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ミ∠ ク∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨャあぴ び⇔やゲΒ͡んミ∠ (for him who hopes in Allah and t he Last Day, and remembers Allah much.)

The Attitude of the Believers towards the Confederates Then Allah t ells us about His believing servant s who believed Allah's promise t o t hem and how He will make t he consequences good for t hem in t his world and in t he Hereaft er. He says:

ゅ∠ョ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゆ ∠ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ぺケ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ヮャ⊥ヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ベ ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ルギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ (And when t he believers saw t he Confederat es, t hey said: "This is what Allah and His Messenger had promised us; and Allah and His Messenger had spoken t he t rut h.'') Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, and Qat adah said: "They mean what Allah said in Surat Al-Baqarah:

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ん∠ ｚョ ユ⊥ムゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ ￢⊥ へｚゲツ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠シ∇ほ∠ら∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇わｚジｚョ ユ⊥ムヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇や∇ヲヤ∠カ ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゴ͡ ∇ャコ⊥ ヱ∠ び ∀ょΑ͡ゲ∠ホ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇ダル∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ダル∠ ヴ∠わョ∠ (Or t hink you t hat you will ent er Paradise wit hout such (t rials) as came t o t hose who passed away before you They were afflict ed wit h severe povert y and ailment s and were so shaken t hat even t he Messenger and t hose who believed along wit h him said,"When (will come) t he help of Allah'' Yes! Cert ainly, t he help of Allah is near!)(2:214) meaning, ` t his is t he t rial and t est t hat Allah and His Messenger promised us would be followed by t he help and vict ory of Allah t hat is near.' Allah says:

び⊥ヮャ⊥ヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ベ ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and Allah and His Messenger had spoken t he t rut h. )

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ヤ∇ジゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ キ∠ や∠コ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And it only added t o t heir fait h and t o t heir submissiveness.) This indicat es t hat fait h can increase and st rengt hen in accordance wit h people's circumst ances, as t he maj orit y of scholars st at ed: fait h can increase and decrease. We have st at ed t his at t he beginning of our comment ary on Al-Bukhari, praise be t o Allah.

び∇ユワ⊥ キ∠ や∠コ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And it only added) means, at t hat t ime of st ress and difficult y

びゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (t o t heir fait h) in Allah,

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ヤ∇ジゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t o t heir submissiveness.) means t heir submission t o His commands and t heir obedience t o His Messenger .

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ハ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ホギ∠ タ ∠ ∀メゅ∠ィ͡ケ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ぴ ゲ⊥ ヌ ͡ わ∠ レ∠Α リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ら∠ ∇エル∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ン ∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャあ Κ ⇔ Α͡ギ∇らゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャギｚ よ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ラ͡ま リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∇ヨヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ギダ ͡ よ͡ び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや (23. Among t he believers are men who have been t rue t o t heir covenant wit h Allah; of t hem some have fulfilled t heir Nahbah; and some of t hem are st ill wait ing, but t hey have never changed in t he least .) (24. That Allah may reward t he men of t rut h for t heir t rut h, and punish t he hypocrit es, if He wills, or accept t heir repent ance by t urning t o t hem. Verily, Allah is Oft Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

Praise for the Believers' Attitude, and leaving the ultimate Fate of the Hypocrites to Allah When Allah ment ions how t he hypocrit es broke t heir promise t o Him t hat t hey would not t urn t heir backs, He describes t he believers as firmly adhering t o t heir covenant and t heir promise:

ヴ∠ツホ∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ハ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ホギ∠ タ ∠ ぴ び⊥ヮら∠ ∇エル∠ (ぴt heyび have been t rue t o t heir covenant wit h Allah; of t hem some have fulfilled t heir Nahbah;) Some of t hem said: "Met t heir appoint ed t ime (i.e., deat h).'' Al-Bukhari said, "Their covenant , and refers back t o t he beginning of t he Ayah.''

び⇔ΚΑ͡ギ∇らゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャギｚ よ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ヌ ͡ わ∠ レ∠Α リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and some of t hem are st ill wait ing, but t hey have never changed in t he least .) means, t hey have never changed or broken t heir covenant wit h Allah. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Zayd bin Thabit said: "When we wrot e down t he Mushaf, an Ayah from Surat Al-Ahzab was missing, which I used t o hear t he Messenger of Allah recit ing. I did not find it wit h anyone except Khuzaymah

bin Thabit Al-Ansari, may Allah be pleased wit h him, whose t est imony t he Messenger of Allah count ed as equal t o t hat of t wo ot her men. (The Ayah in quest ion was:)

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ハ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ホギ∠ タ ∠ ∀メゅ∠ィ͡ケ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ぴ び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (Among t he believers are men who have been t rue t o t heir covenant wit h Allah;)'' This was recorded by Al-Bukhari but not by Muslim, It was also recorded by Ahmad in his Musnad, and by At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i in t he chapt ers on Tafsir in t heir Sunans. At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih. Al-Bukhari also recorded t hat Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "We t hink t hat t his Ayah was revealed concerning Anas bin An-Nadr, may Allah be pleased wit h him:

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ハ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ホギ∠ タ ∠ ∀メゅ∠ィ͡ケ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ぴ び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (Among t he believers are men who have been t rue t o t heir covenant wit h Allah.)'' This was report ed only by Al-Bukhari, but t here are corroborat ing report s wit h ot her chains of narrat ion. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas said: "My pat ernal uncle Anas bin Al-Nadr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, aft er whom I was named, was not present wit h t his Messenger of Allah at Badr, and t his dist ressed him. He said: ` The first bat t le at which t he Messenger of Allah was present , and I was absent ; if Allah shows me anot her bat t le wit h t he Messenger of Allah , Allah will see what I will do!' He did not want t o say more t han t hat . He was present wit h t he Messenger of Allah at Uhud, where he met Sa` d bin Mu` adh, may Allah be pleased wit h him. Anas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t o him, ` O Abu ` Amr! Where are you going' He replied, ` I long for t he fragrance of Paradise and I have found it near t he mount ain of Uhud.' He fought t hem unt il he was killed, may Allah be pleased wit h him. Eight y-odd st ab wounds and spear wounds were found on his body, and his sist er, my pat ernal aunt Ar-Rabayyi` bint Al-Nadr said, ` I only recognized my brot her by his fingert ips.' Then t his Ayah was revealed:

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ハ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ホギ∠ タ ∠ ∀メゅ∠ィ͡ケ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ぴ ゲ⊥ ヌ ͡ わ∠ レ∠Α リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ら∠ ∇エル∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ びΚ ⇔ Α͡ギ∇らゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャギｚ よ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (Among t he believers are men who have been t rue t o t heir covenant wit h Allah; of t hem some have fulfilled t heir Nahbah; and some of t hem are st ill wait ing, but t hey have never changed in t he least .) They used t o t hink t hat it had been revealed concerning him and his companions, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem.'' This was also recorded by Muslim, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i. Ibn Jarir narrat ed t hat Musa bin Talhah said: "Mu` awiyah bin Abi Sufyan, may Allah be pleased wit h him, st ood up and said, ` I heard t he Messenger of Allah say:

«ヮ∠ら∇エル∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ る⊥ エ ∠ ∇ヤデ ∠»

(Talhah is one of t hose who have fulfilled t heir Nahbah.)''' Muj ahid said concerning t he Ayah:

び⊥ヮら∠ ∇エル∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ぴ (of t hem some have fulfilled t heir Nahbah;) "Their covenant ,

び⊥ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ レ∠Α リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and some of t hem are st ill wait ing) t hey are wait ing for bat t le so t hat t hey can do well. '' AlHasan said:

び⊥ヮら∠ ∇エル∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ぴ (of t hem some have fulfilled t heir Nahbah;) "They died t rue t o t heir covenant and loyal, and some are st ill wait ing t o die in a similar manner, and some of t hem have never changed in t he least .'' This was also t he view of Qat adah and Ibn Zayd. Some of t hem said t hat t he word Nahbah means a vow.

び⇔ΚΑ͡ギ∇らゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャギｚ よ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (but t hey have never changed in t he least .) means, t hey never changed t heir covenant or were disloyal or commit t ed t reachery, but t hey persist ed in what t hey had promised and did not break t heir vow, unlike t he hypocrit es who said:

Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ͡ま り∃ ケ∠ ∇ヲバ∠ よ͡ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ り∀ ケ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ゅ∠レゎ∠ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び⇔やケや∠ゲプ͡ ("Truly, our homes lie open.'' And t hey lay not open. They but wished t o flee.) ぴ33:13び

ラ ∠ ヲぁャヲ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ハ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∠ゲ⇒∠よ∇キｘΙや (And indeed t hey had already made a covenant wit h Allah not t o t urn t heir backs,) ぴ33:15び

ラ͡ま リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∇ヨヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ギダ ͡ よ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ン ∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャあぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ

(That Allah may reward t he men of t rut h for t heir t rut h, and punish t he hypocrit es, if He wills, or accept t heir repent ance by t urning t o t hem.) Allah t est s His servant s wit h fear and shaking so as t o t ell t he evil from t he good, as each will be known by his deeds. Alt hough Allah knows what t he out come will be before anyt hing happens, st ill He does not punish anyone on t he basis of His knowledge unt il t hey act ually do what He knows t hey will do. As Allah says:

∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ

リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イヨ⊥ ∇ャや

ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らレ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ら∇カぺ∠ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らル∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ

(And surely, We shall t ry you t ill We t est t hose who st rive hard and pat ient , and We shall t est your fact s.) (47:31). This refers t o knowing somet hing aft er it happens, even t hough Allah knows it before it comes t o pass. Allah says:

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ケ∠ グ∠ Β∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅョｚ ぴ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ょ ͡ Βあ ト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゑ ∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ∠ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ び͡ょ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ヤ͡∇トΒ⊥ ャ͡ (Allah will not leave t he believers in t he st at e in which you are now, unt il He dist inguishes t he wicked from t he good. Nor will Allah disclose t o you t he secret s of t he Unseen) (3:179). Allah says here:

び∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ギダ ͡ よ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ン ∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャあぴ (That Allah may reward t he men of t rut h for t heir t rut h,) meaning, for t heir pat ience in adhering t o t he covenant t hey had made wit h Allah and keeping t heir promise.

び∠リΒ͡ボ͡ヘ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャやぴ (and punish t he hypocrit es, ) who are t he ones who broke t he covenant and went against t he commands of Allah, for which t hey deserve t o be punished, but t hey are subj ect t o His will in t his world. If He wills, He will leave t hem as t hey are unt il t hey meet Him ぴin t he Hereaft erび, when He will punish t hem, or if He wills, He will guide t hem t o give up t heir hypocrisy and t o believe and do right eous deeds aft er t hey had been wrongdoers and sinners. Since His mercy and kindness t owards His creat ion prevail over His wrat h, He says:

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠レΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヌ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや キｚ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ⇔Α∂ヲ͡ ホ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ び や⇔ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ (25. And Allah drove back t hose who disbelieved in t heir rage: t hey gained no advant age. Allah sufficed for t he believers in t he fight ing. And Allah is Ever All-St rong, All-Might y.)

Allah drove back the Confederates disappointed and lost Allah t ells us how he drove t he Confederat es away from Al-Madinah by sending against t hem a wind and t roops of angels. If Allah had not made his Messenger a Mercy t o t he Worlds, t his wind would have been more severe t han t he barren wind which He sent against ` Ad, but Allah says:

び∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah would not punish t hem while you are amongst t hem) (8:33). So, Allah sent t hem a wind which dispersed t hem aft er t hey had gat hered on t he basis of t heir whims. They were a mixt ure of t ribes and part ies wit h a variet y of opinions, so it was befit t ing t hat a wind should be sent against t hem t hat would scat t er t hem and break up t heir gat hering, driving t hem back disappoint ed and lost in t heir hat red and enmit y. They did not achieve any worldly good such as t he vict ory and boot y t hat t hey had hoped for, nor did t hey achieve any good in t he Hereaft er, because of t heir sin of declaring enmit y against t he Messenger and seeking t o kill him and dest roy his army. Whoever want s and seriously int ends t o do a t hing is t he same as one who act ually does it .

び∠メゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ヘ∠ミ∠ヱぴ (Allah sufficed for t he believers in t he fight ing.) means, t hey did not have t o fight t hem in order t o expel t hem from t heir land, but Allah Alone sufficed t hem and helped His servant and grant ed vict ory t o His t roops. Hence t he Messenger of Allah used t o say,

ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇らハ ∠ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ロギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ベ ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∩⊥ロギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ» ￢∠ ∇ヶセ ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩⊥ロギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠ゴ∇ェほ∠∇ャや ュ∠ ゴ∠ ワ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ロギ∠ ∇レィ ⊥ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ «ロ∠ギ∇バよ∠ (None has t he right t o be worshipped but Allah, Alone, He was t rue t o His promise, and He helped His servant , and He gave might t o His soldiers and defeat ed t he Confederat es alone and t here is not hing aft er Him.) This was report ed from a Hadit h of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him. In t he Two Sahihs it was recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Abi ` Awfa, may Allah

be pleased wit h him, said: "The Messenger of Allah invoked Allah against t he Confederat es and said:

ュ͡ ゴ͡ ∇ワや ∩͡ゆゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ノ∠ Α͡ゲシ ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴ͡ ∇レョ⊥ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» «ユ⊥ヰ∇ャゴ͡ ∇ャコ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ョゴ͡ ∇ワや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩∠ゆや∠ゴ∇ェほ∠∇ャや (O Allah, Who revealed t he Book and is swift in bringing t o account , defeat t he Confederat es, O Allah defeat t hem and shake t hem.)

び∠メゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ヘ∠ミ∠ヱぴ (Allah sufficed for t he believers in t he fight ing.) This Ayah indicat es t hat t here would be a cessat ion of war bet ween t hem and Quraysh; aft er t his, t he idolat ors did not at t ack t he Muslims, on t he cont rary, t he Muslims at t acked t hem in t heir own land. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Sulayman bin Surad, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "On t he day of Al-Ahzab, t he Messenger of Allah said:

«ゅ∠ルヱ⊥ゴ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥ゴ∇ピル∠ ラ ∠ べ∇ャや» (Now we will at t ack t hem and t hey will not at t ack us.) This was also recorded by Al-Bukhari in his Sahih.

び⇔やゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ ゅ⇔Α∂ ヲ͡ ホ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah is Ever All-St rong, All-Might y.) means, by His power and might He drove t hem back disappoint ed and lost , and t hey did not achieve anyt hing, and Allah grant ed vict ory t o Islam and it s followers, and fulfilled His promise and helped His servant and Messenger; t o Him be blessings and praise.

リ͡ョ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ワヱ⊥ゲヰ∠ ⇒∠ニ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ょ ∠ ∇ハゲぁ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ フ ∠ グ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡タゅ∠Βタ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ッ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ を∠ ケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲシ ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ゃト ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ゅ⇔ッ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠Αキ͡ ヱ∠ び や⇔ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (26. And t hose of t he People of t he Script ure who backed t hem, Allah brought t hem down from t heir fort s and cast t error int o t heir heart s; a group you killed, and a group you made

capt ives.) (27. And He caused you t o inherit t heir lands, and t heir houses, and t heir riches, and a land which you had not t rodden. And Allah is able t o do all t hings.)

The Campaign against Banu Qurayzah We have already not ed t hat when t he Confederat es came and camped out side Al-Madinah, Banu Qurayzah broke t he covenant t hat exist ed bet ween t hem and t he Messenger of Allah . This happened by t he agency of Huyay bin Akht ab An-Nadari, may Allah curse him, who ent ered t heir st ronghold and would not leave t heir leader, Ka` b bin Asad, alone unt il he agreed t o break t he covenant . Among t he t hings t hat he said t o him was, "Woe t o you! This is t he opport unit y for glory. The Quraysh and t heir company of men from various t ribes, and t he Ghat afan and t heir followers, have come t o you, and t hey will st ay here unt il t hey eliminat e Muhammad and his companions.'' Ka` b said t o him, "No, by Allah, t his is t he opport unit y for humiliat ion. Woe t o you, O Huyay, you are a bad omen. Leave us alone.'' But Huyay kept t rying t o persuade him unt il he agreed t o his request . He laid down t he condit ion t hat if t he Confederat es went away wit hout doing anyt hing, he ぴHuyayび would j oin t hem in t heir st ronghold and would share t heir fat e. When Banu Qurayzah broke t heir covenant and news of t his reached t he Messenger of Allah , he and t he Muslims were very dist ressed by t hat . When Allah helped him by suppressing his enemy and driving t hem back disappoint ed and lost , having gained not hing, t he Messenger of Allah ret urned t o Al-Madinah in t riumph and t he people put down t heir weapons. While t he Messenger of Allah was washing off t he dust of bat t le in t he house of Umm Salamah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, Jibril, upon him be peace, came t o him wearing a t urban of brocade, riding on a mule on which was a clot h of silk brocade. He said, "Have you put down your weapons, O Messenger of Allah'' He said, "Yes.'' He said, "But t he angels have not put down t heir weapons. I have j ust now come back from pursuing t he people.'' Then he said: "Allah, may He be blessed and exalt ed, commands you t o get up and go t o Banu Qurayzah.'' According t o anot her report , "What a fight er you are! Have you put down your weapons'' He said, "Yes.'' He said, "But we have not put down our weapons yet , get up and go t o t hese people.'' He said: "Where'' He said, "Banu Qurayzah, for Allah has commanded me t o shake t hem.'' So t he Messenger of Allah got up immediat ely, and commanded t he people t o march t owards Banu Qurayzah, who were a few miles from Al-Madinah. This was aft er Salat AzZuhr. He said,

ヶ͡レよ∠ ヶプ͡やゅｚャま͡ ゲ∠ ∇ダバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ｚ ∠Βヤあ∠ダΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» «る∠ヌ∇Αゲ∠ ホ⊥ (No one among you should pray ` Asr except at Banu Qurayzah.) So, t he people set out , and t he t ime for t he prayer came while t hey were st ill on t he road. Some of t hem prayed on t he road, saying, "The Messenger of Allah only want ed t o make us march quickly.'' Ot hers said, "We will not pray it unt il we reach Banu Qurayzah.'' Neit her of t he t wo groups were rebuked for what t hey did. The Messenger of Allah followed t hem. He left Ibn Umm Makt um, may Allah be pleased wit h him, in charge of Al-Madinah, and he had given t he flag t o ` Ali bin Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased wit h him. Then t he Messenger of Allah went t o t hem (Banu Qurayzah) laying seige t o t hem for t went y-five days. When t his had gone on for t oo long, t hey agreed t o accept t he j udgement of Sa` d bin Mu` adh, t he leader of ` Aws because t hey had been t heir allies during t he Jahiliyyah, so t hey t hought t hat he would t reat t hem kindly as ` Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul had done for his allies of Banu Qaynuqa` when he had asked t he Messenger of Allah t o set t hem free. So, t hese people t hought t hat Sa` d would do t he same for t hem as Ibn Ubayy had done for t hose people. They did not know t hat Sa` d had been st ruck by an arrow in his medial arm vein during t he campaign of Al-Khandaq. The Messenger of Allah had had his vein

caut erized and had brought him t o st ay in a t ent in t he Masj id so t hat he could keep a close eye on him. One of t he t hings t hat Sa` d, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said in his supplicat ion was, "O Allah, if t here is st ill anyt hing t hat has t o do wit h t he war against Quraysh, t hen keep me alive for it , and if You decree t hat t he war bet ween us and t hem is over, t hen let t he bleeding be renewed, but do not let me die unt il I get my sat isfact ion wit h regard t o Banu Qurayzah.'' Allah answered his prayer and decreed t hat t hey would agree t o be referred t o him for j udgement , and t his was t heir own free choice. When t his happened, t he Messenger of Allah called him t o come from Al-Madinah t o pass j udgement on t hem. When he arrived, riding on a donkey t hat had been specially equipped for him t o ride, some of t he ` Aws began t o urge him not t o be t oo harsh, saying, "O Sa` d, t hey are your client s so be kind t o t hem, t rying t o soft en his heart .'' But he kept quiet and did not answer t hem. When t hey persist ed in t heir request , he said, "Now it is t ime for Sa` d t o make sure t hat no rebuke or censure will divert him from t he pat h of Allah.'' Then t hey knew t hat he would not let t hem live. kWhen he reached t he t ent where t he Messenger of Allah was, t he Messenger of Allah said:

«ユ⊥ミ͡ギΒあ ∠シ ヴ∠ャま͡ やヲ⊥ョヲホ⊥ » (St and up for your leader.) So t he Muslims st ood up for him, and welcomed him wit h honor and respect as befit t ed his st at us and so t hat his j udgement would have more impact . When he sat down, t he Messenger of Allah said:

∩∠マヨ͡ ∇ムェ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥ャゴ∠ ル∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠セぺ∠ヱ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ャぽ⊥ ワ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» «ろ∇ゃセ ͡ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ェゅ∠プ (These people) -- and he point ed t o t hem -- (have agreed t o accept your j udgement , so pass j udgement on t hem as you wish.) Sa` d, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "My j udgement will be carried out '' The Messenger of Allah said: "Yes.'' He said, "And it will be carried out on t hose who are in t his t ent '' He said, "Yes.'' He said, "And on t hose who are on t his side'' -- and he point ed t owards t he side where t he Messenger of Allah was, but he did not look direct ly at t he Messenger of Allah out of respect for him. The Messenger of Allah said t o him: "Yes.'' So Sa` d, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "My j udgement is t hat t heir fight ers should be killed and t heir children and wealt h should be seized.'' The Messenger of Allah said:

ノ͡ ∇らシ ∠ ベ ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ͡ や ユ͡ ∇ムエ ⊥ よ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ヨム∠ ェ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠» «る∠バホ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ (You have j udged according t o t he ruling of Allah from above t he seven heavens.) According t o anot her report :

«マ͡ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ͡ ∇ムエ ⊥ よ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ヨム∠ ェ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠» (You have j udged according t o t he ruling of t he Sovereign.) Then t he Messenger of Allah commanded t hat dit ches should be dug, so t hey were dug in t he eart h, and t hey were brought t ied by t heir shoulders, and were beheaded. There were bet ween seven hundred and eight hundred of t hem. The children who had not yet reached adolescence and t he women were

t aken prisoner, and t heir wealt h was seized. All of t his is st at ed bot h briefly and in det ail, wit h evidence and Hadit hs, in t he book of Sirah which we have writ t en, praise and blessings be t o Allah. Allah said:

びユ⊥ワヱ⊥ゲヰ∠ ⇒∠ニ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And t hose who backed t hem, Allah brought t hem down) means, t hose who helped and support ed t hem in t heir war against t he Messenger of Allah .

び͡ょ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ぴ (of t he People of t he Script ure) means, Banu Qurayzah, who were Jews from one of t he t ribes of Israel. Their forefat hers had set t led in t he Hij az long ago, seeking t o follow t he Unlet t ered Prophet of whom t hey read in t he Tawrah and Inj il.

び͡ヮよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (t hen when t here came t o t hem t hat which t hey had recognized, t hey disbelieved in it ) (2:89). May t he curse of Allah be upon t hem.

び∇ユヰ͡ Β͡タゅ∠Βタ ∠ リ͡ョぴ (from t heir fort s) means, from t heir st rongholds. This was t he view of Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, ` At a', Qat adah, As-Suddi and ot hers of t he Salaf.

び∠ょ∇ハゲぁ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ フ ∠ グ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and cast t error int o t heir heart s;) means fear, because t hey had support ed t he idolat ors in t heir war against t he Messenger of Allah and t he one who knows is not like t he one who does not know. They had t errified t he Muslims and int ended t o kill t hem so as t o gain eart hly power, but t heir plans backfired; t he idolat ors ran away and t he believers were vict orious while t he disbelievers were losers; where t hey had aimed for glory, t hey were humiliat ed. They want ed t o eradicat e t he Muslims but t hey were t hemselves eradicat ed. In addit ion t o all t his, t hey are doomed in t he Hereaft er, so by all acount s t hey are count ed as losers. Allah says:

び⇔ゅボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲシ ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ぴ (a group you killed, and a group you made capt ives.) Those who were killed were t heir warriors, and t he prisoners were t heir children and women. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` At iyah Al-Qurazi said, "I was shown t o t he Prophet on t he day of Qurayzah, because t hey were not sure about me. The Prophet t old t hem t o look at me t o see whet her I had grown any body hair yet . They looked and saw t hat I had not grown any body hair, so t hey let me go and I was put wit h t he ot her prisoners.'' This was also recorded by t he Sunan compilers, and At -Tirmidhi said it is Hasan Sahih.'' An-Nasa'i also recorded somet hing similar from ` At iyah.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∠ャ∠ヲ∇ョ∠ぺ∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠Αキ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ッ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ を∠ ケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And He caused you t o inherit t heir lands, and t heir houses, and t heir riches,) means, ` He gave t hese t hings t o you aft er you killed t hem.'

びゅ∠ワヲ⊥ゃト ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ゅ⇔ッ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and a land which you had not t rodden.) It was said t hat t his was Khaybar, or t hat it was t he lands of t he Persians and Romans. Ibn Jarir said, "It could be t hat all of t hese are referred t o

び⇔やゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah is able t o do all t hings.)''

り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇キゲ͡ ゎ⊥ リ ｚ わ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま マ ∠ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コΙ ｘ モ⊥ホ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ゅ⇔ェや∠ゲシ ∠ ｚリム⊥ ∇ェあゲシ ∠ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ｚリム⊥ ∇バあわョ∠ ぺ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ゅ∠バわ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ レ∠ Α͡コヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ケ∠ やｚギャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ∇キゲ͡ ゎ⊥ リ ｚ わ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ヨィ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ｚリム⊥ レ͡ョ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ (28. O Prophet ! Say t o your wives: "If you desire t he life of t his world, and it s glit t er, t hen come! I will make a provision for you and set you free in a handsome manner.'') (29. "But if you desire Allah and His Messenger, and t he Home of t he Hereaft er, t hen verily, Allah has prepared for t he doers of good among you an enormous reward.'')

Giving the Wives of the Prophet ユヤシヱ ヮΒヤハ ぶや ヴヤタthe Choice Here Allah commands His Messenger t o give his wives t he choice of separat ing from him so t hat t hey may go t o someone else wit h whom t hey can find what t hey want of t he life of t his world and it s at t ract ions, or of pat ient ly bearing t he st rait ened circumst ances wit h t he Prophet for which t hey will have a great reward wit h Allah. They chose Allah and His Messenger and t he Home of t he Hereaft er, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem. Then Allah gave t hem t he best bot h of t his world and of t he Hereaft er. Al-Bukhari narrat ed from ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, t he wife of t he Prophet t hat t he Messenger of Allah came t o her when Allah commanded him t o give his wives t he choice. She said, "The Messenger of Allah st art ed wit h me, and said,

ヴ∇わェ ∠ ヶ͡ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ マ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ マ ͡ ャ∠ ∀ゲ͡ミや∠ク ヶあルま͡» «マ∇Α∠ヲ∠よ∠ぺ ヵ͡ゲョ͡ ∇ほわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ (I am going t o t ell you about somet hing and you do not have t o hast en t o respond unt il you consult your parent s.)'' He knew t hat my parent s would never t ell me t o leave him. Then he said:

:メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» «び∠マィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コΙ ｘ モ⊥ホ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (Allah says: ("O Prophet ! Say t o your wives...'')) and he recit ed t he t wo Ayat . I said t o him, "Concerning what do I need t o consult my parent s I choose Allah and His Messenger and t he Home of t he Hereaft er.'' He also narrat ed it wit hout a chain of narrat ors, and added, "She said, t hen all t he wives of t he Prophet did t he same as I.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said: "The Messenger of Allah gave us t he choice, and we chose him, so giving us t hat choice was not regarded as divorce.'' It was recorded by (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) from t he Hadit h of Al-A` mash. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jabir, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, came t o ask permission t o see t he Messenger of Allah and t he people were sit t ing at his door, and t he Prophet was sit t ing, but he did not give him permission. Then ` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h him, came and asked permission t o see him, but he did not give him permission. Then he gave Abu Bakr and ` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem bot h, permission, and t hey ent ered. The Prophet was sit t ing wit h his wives around him, and he was silent . ` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, ` I will t ell t he Prophet somet hing t o make him smile.' ` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, ` O Messenger of Allah, if only you had seen t he daught er of Zayd -- t he wife of ` Umar -asking me t o spend on her j ust now; I broke her neck!' The Messenger of Allah smiled so broadly t hat his molars could be seen, and he said,

«る∠ボヘ∠ レｚ ャや ヶ͡レ∠レ∇ャ∠ほ∇ジΑ∠ ヶ͡ャ∇ヲ∠ェ ｚリワ⊥ » (They are around me asking me t o spend on t hem.) Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, got up t o deal wit h ` A'ishah; and ` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h him, got up t o deal wit h Hafsah, and bot h of t hem were saying, ` You are asking t he Prophet for t hat which he does not have!' But t he Messenger of Allah st opped t hem, and t hey (his wives) said, ` By Allah, aft er t his we will not ask t he Messenger of Allah for anyt hing t hat he does not have.' Then Allah revealed t he Ayah t elling him t o give t hem t he choice, and he st art ed wit h ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her. He said,

ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ヶ͡ヤ∠イ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ラぺ∠ ぁょェ ͡ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ョ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ マ ͡ ャ∠ ゲ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇クぺ∠ ヶあルま͡» «マ∇Α∠ヲ∠よ∠ぺ ヵ͡ゲョ͡ ∇ほわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠

(I am going t o t ell you somet hing, and I would like you not t o hast en t o respond unt il you consult your parent s.) She said, ` What is it ' He recit ed t o her:

び∠マィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コΙ ｘ モ⊥ホ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O Prophet ! Say t o your wives...) ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said, ` Do I need t o consult my parent s concerning you I choose Allah and His Messenger, but I ask you not t o t ell of my choice t o your ot her wives.' He said:

ヶ͡レん∠ バ∠ よ∠ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ヘレあ バ∠ ョ⊥ ヶ͡レ∇んバ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» ゅｚヨハ ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ り∀ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ヶ͡レャ⊥ほ∠∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩や⇔ゲジ あ Β∠ ョ⊥ ゅ⇔ヨヤあバ∠ ョ⊥ «ゅ∠ヰゎ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ ∇カぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ れ ͡ ∇ゲわ∠ ∇カや (Allah did not send me t o be harsh, but He sent me t o t each in a gent le and easy manner. If any of t hem asks me what your decision was, I will t ell her.)'' This was also recorded by Muslim, but not Al-Bukhari; An-Nasa'i also recorded it . ` Ikrimah said: "At t hat t ime he was married t o nine women, five of t hem were from Quraysh -- ` A'ishah, Hafsah. Umm Habibah, Sawdah and Umm Salamah, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem. And he was also married t o Safiyyah bint Huyay An-Nadariyyah, Maymunah bint Al-Harit h Al-Hilaliyyah, Zaynab bint Jahsh Al-Asadiyyah and Juwayriyyah bint Al-Harit h Al-Must alaqiyyah, may Allah be pleased wit h all of t hem.

る∃ レ∠ Βあ ら∠ ョぁ る∃ ゼ ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠ヘよ͡ ｚリム⊥ レ͡ョ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ あ ら͡ レｚ ャや ￢∠ べ∠ジレ͡ Αぴ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βヘ∠ ∇バッ ͡ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇ブハ ∠ ゅ∠ツΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ｚリム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇ろレ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚ ョ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ べ⇒∠ヰゎ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ヱ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΑ͡ゲミ∠ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ (30. O wives of t he Prophet ! Whoever of you commit s an open Fahishah, t he t orment for her will be doubled, and t hat is ever easy for Allah.) (31. And whosoever of you is obedient t o Allah and His Messenger, and does right eous good deeds, We shall give her, her reward t wice over, and We have prepared for her a noble provision.)

The Wives of the Prophet are not like Other Women This Ayah is addressed t o t he wives of t he Prophet who chose Allah and His Messenger and t he Home of t he Hereaft er, and remained married t o t he Messenger of Allah . Thus it was befit t ing t hat t here should be rulings which applied only t o t hem, and not t o ot her women, in t he event t hat any of t hem should commit open Fahishah. Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him,

said: "This means Nushuz (rebellion) and a bad at t it ude.'' What ever t he case, t his is a condit ional phrase and it does not imply t hat what is referred t o would act ually happen. This is like t he Ayat :

∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャ͡ま∠ヱ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∠マヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ リ ｚト ∠ ら∠ ∇エΒ∠ ャ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ (And indeed it has been revealed t o you, as it was t o t hose before you: "If you j oin ot hers in worship wit h Allah, surely your deeds will be in vain.'') (39:65)

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ テ ∠ ら͡ エ ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (But if t hey had j oined in worship ot hers wit h Allah, all t hat t hey used t o do would have been of no benefit t o t hem.) (6:88)

びリ ∠ Α͡ギら͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ほ∠プ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "If t he Most Gracious had a son, t hen I am t he first of (Allah's) worshippers.'') (43:81)

ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヴ∠ヘト ∠ ∇タΙ ｚ や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ヲャｚぴ び ケ⊥ ゅｚヰボ∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ (Had Allah willed t o t ake a son, He could have chosen whom He willed out of t hose whom He creat ed. But glory be t o Him! He is Allah, t he One, t he Irresist ible.) (39:4). Because t heir st at us is so high, it is appropriat e t o st at e t hat t he sin, if t hey were t o commit it , would be so much worse, so as t o prot ect t hem and t heir Hij ab. Allah says:

ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇ブハ ∠ ゅ∠ツΑ⊥ る∃ レ∠ Βあ ら∠ ョぁ る∃ ゼ ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠ヘよ͡ ｚリム⊥ レ͡ョ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ リ∠ョぴ び͡リ∇Βヘ∠ ∇バッ ͡ ゆ ⊥ やグ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや (Whoever of you commit s an open Fahishah, t he t orment for her will be doubled,) Malik narrat ed from Zayd bin Aslam:

び͡リ∇Βヘ∠ ∇バッ ͡ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇ブハ ∠ ゅ∠ツΑ⊥ ぴ (t he t orment for her will be doubled,) "In t his world and t he next .'' Somet hing similar was narrat ed from Ibn Abi Naj ih, from Muj ahid.

び⇔やゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat is ever easy for Allah.) it is very easy indeed. Then Allah ment ions His j ust ice and His bount y, in t he Ayah:

び͡ヮャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ｚリム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇ろレ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever of you is obedient t o Allah and His Messenger,) i.e., obeys Allah and His Messenger ,

び⇔ゅヨΑ͡ゲミ∠ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚ ョ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ べ⇒∠ヰゎ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ぴ (We shall give her, her reward t wice over, and We have prepared for her a noble provision.) i.e., in Paradise, for t hey will be in t he dwellings of t he Messenger of Allah in t he highest reaches of ` Illiyin, above t he dwellings of all t he people, in Al-Wasilah which is t he closest of t he dwellings of Paradise t o t he Throne.

リ ｚ わ⊥ ∇Β∠ボゎｚ や ラ ͡ ま͡ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ほ∠ミ∠ ｚリわ⊥ ∇ジャ∠ ヴ あ ら͡ レｚ ャや ￢∠ べジ ∠ レ͡ Αぴ チ ∀ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ͡プ ン͡グャｚや ノ∠ ヨ∠ ∇トΒ∠ プ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ∇バツ ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ｚ ム⊥ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔プヱ⊥ゲ∇バョｚ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ リ ∠ ∇ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇ヨホ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや る͡ Βｚ ヤ͡ヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや ァ ∠ ゲぁ ら∠ ゎ∠ リ ∠ ∇ィゲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ∇バデ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ⇒∠ミゴｚ ャや リ ∠ Β͡ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ヰあ ト ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ィゲあ ャや ユ⊥ ⇒⊥ムレ∠ハ ょ ∠ ワ͡ ∇グΒ⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ∇リョ͡ リ ｚ ⇒⊥ム͡ゎヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ヴ∠ヤ⇒∇わΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ∇ゲ⇒⊥ミ∇クや∠ヱ - や⇔ゲ⇒⇒Β͡ヰ∇トゎ∠ び や⇔ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡トャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒⇒∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ h(32. O wives of t he Prophet ! You are not like any ot her women. If you keep you have Taqwa, t hen be not soft in speech, lest he in whose heart is a disease should be moved wit h desire, but speak in an honorable manner.) (33. And st ay in your houses, and do not Tabarruj yourselves like t he Tabarruj of t he t imes of ignorance, and perform t he Salah, and give Zakah and obey Allah and His Messenger. Allah wishes only t o remove t he Ar-Rij s from you, O members of t he family, and t o purify you wit h a t horough purificat ion.) (34. And remember, t hat which is recit ed in your houses of t he Ayat of Allah and Al-Hikmah. Verily, Allah is Ever Most Court eous, Well-Acquaint ed wit h all t hings.)

Enjoining certain Manners so that the Mothers of the Believers may be an Example; and the Prohibition of Tabarruj These are t he good manners which Allah enj oined upon t he wives of t he Prophet so t hat t hey would be an example for t he women of t he Ummah t o follow. Allah said, addressing t he wives of t he Prophet t hat t hey should fear Allah as He commanded t hem, and t hat no ot her woman is like t hem or can be t heir equal in virt ue and st at us. Then Allah says:

び͡メ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ∇バツ ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t hen be not soft in speech,) As-Suddi and ot hers said, t his means, do not be gent le in speech when addressing men. Allah says:

び∀チゲ∠ ョ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ͡プ ン͡グャｚや ノ∠ ヨ∠ ∇トΒ∠ プ∠ ぴ (lest he in whose heart is a disease should be moved wit h desire,) means, somet hing unclean.

び⇔ゅプヱ⊥ゲ∇バョｚ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ リ ∠ ∇ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (but speak in an honorable manner.) Ibn Zayd said: "Decent and honorable t alk t hat is known t o be good.'' This means t hat she should address non-Mahram men in a manner in which t here is no soft ness, i.e., a woman should not address a non-Mahram man in t he same way t hat she addresses her husband.

びｚリム⊥ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And st ay in your houses,) means, st ay in your houses and do not come out except for a purpose. One of t he purposes ment ioned in Shari` ah is prayer in t he Masj id, so long as t he condit ions are fulfilled, as t he Messenger of Allah said:

ｚリワ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ∇ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ジョ∠ ぶ ͡ や ￢∠ ゅ∠ョま͡ やヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «れゅ∠ヤヘ͡ ゎ∠ (Do not prevent t he female servant s of Allah from t he Masj ids of Allah, but have t hem go out wit hout wearing fragrance.) According t o anot her report :

«リ⊥ヰャ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ヱ∠ » (even t hough t heir houses are bet t er for t hem.)

びヴ∠ャヱｙΙや る͡ Βｚヤ͡ヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや ァ ∠ ゲぁ ら∠ ゎ∠ リ ∠ ∇ィゲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and do not Tabarruj yourselves like t he Tabarruj of t he t imes of ignorance,) Muj ahid said: "Women used t o go out walking in front of men, and t his was t he Tabarruj of Jahiliyyah.'' Qat adah said:

びヴ∠ャヱｙΙや る͡ Βｚヤ͡ヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや ァ ∠ ゲぁ ら∠ ゎ∠ リ ∠ ∇ィゲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and do not Tabarruj yourselves like t he Taburruj of t he t imes of ignorance,) "When t hey go out of t heir homes walking in a shameless and flirt at ious manner, and Allah, may He be exalt ed, forbade t hat .'' Muqat il bin Hayyan said:

びヴ∠ャヱｙΙや る͡ Βｚヤ͡ヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや ァ ∠ ゲぁ ら∠ ゎ∠ リ ∠ ∇ィゲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and do not Tabarruj yourselves like t he Tabarruj of t he t imes of ignorance,) "Tabarruj is when a woman put s a Khimar on her head but does not t ie it properly.'' So her necklaces, earrings and neck, and all of t hat can be seen. This is Tabarruj , and Allah addresses all t he women of t he believers wit h regard t o Tabarruj .

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ∇バデ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ⇒∠ミゴｚ ャや リ ∠ Β͡ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇ヨホ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ヮャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ (and perform t he Salah, and give Zakah and obey Allah and His Messenger.) Allah first forbids t hem from evil, t hen He enj oins t hem t o do good by est ablishing regular prayer, which means worshipping Allah alone wit h no part ner or associat e, and paying Zakah, which means doing good t o ot her people.

び⊥ヮャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ∇バデ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and obey Allah and His Messenger.) This is an inst ance of somet hing specific being followed by somet hing general.

The Wives of the Prophet are Members of His Household (Ahl AlBayt)

ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ィゲあ ャや ユ⊥ ⇒⊥ムレ∠ハ ょ ∠ ワ͡ ∇グΒ⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ び⇔やゲ⇒⇒Β͡ヰ∇トゎ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ヰあ ト ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠

(Allah wishes only t o remove Ar-Rij s from you, O members of t he family, and t o purify you wit h a t horough purificat ion.) This is a clear st at ement t hat t he wives of t he Prophet are included among t he members of his family (Ahl Al-Bayt ) here, because t hey are t he reason why t his Ayah was revealed, and t he scholars are unanimously agreed t hat t hey were t he reason for revelat ion in t his case, whet her t his was t he only reason for revelat ion or t here was also anot her reason, which is t he correct view. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat ` Ikrimah used t o call out in t he market place:

ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ィゲあ ャや ユ⊥ ⇒⊥ムレ∠ハ ょ ∠ ワ͡ ∇グΒ⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ び⇔やゲ⇒⇒Β͡ヰ∇トゎ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ヰあ ト ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ (Allah wishes only t o remove Ar-Rij s from you, O members of t he family, and t o purify you wit h a t horough purificat ion.) "This was revealed solely concerning t he wives of t he Prophet .'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said concerning t he Ayah:

モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ィゲあ ャや ユ⊥ ⇒⊥ムレ∠ハ ょ ∠ ワ͡ ∇グΒ⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ び͡ろ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや (Allah wishes only t o remove Ar-Rij s from you, O members of t he family,) "It was revealed solely concerning t he wives of t he Prophet .'' ` Ikrimah said: "Whoever disagrees wit h me t hat it was revealed solely concerning t he wives of t he Prophet , I am prepared t o meet wit h him and pray and invoke t he curse of Allah upon t hose who are lying.'' So t hey alone were t he reason for revelat ion, but ot hers may be included by way of generalizat ion. Ibn Jarir narrat ed t hat Safiyyah bint Shaybah said: "` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said, ` The Prophet went out one morning wearing a st riped cloak of black camel's hair. Al-Hasan, may Allah be pleased wit h him, came and he wrapped him in t he cloak wit h him. Then Al-Husayn, may Allah be pleased wit h him, came and he wrapped him in t he cloak wit h him. Then Fat imah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, came and he wrapped her in t he cloak wit h him. Then ` Ali, may Allah be pleased wit h him, came and he wrapped him in t he cloak wit h him, t hen he said:

ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ィゲあ ャや ユ⊥ ⇒⊥ムレ∠ハ ょ ∠ ワ͡ ∇グΒ⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ び⇔やゲ⇒⇒Β͡ヰ∇トゎ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ヰあ ト ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ (Allah wishes only t o remove Ar-Rij s from you, O members of t he family, and t o purify you wit h a t horough purificat ion.) This was recorded by Muslim. In his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat Yazid bin Hayyan said: "Husayn bin Sabrah, ` Umar bin Muslim and I went t o Zayd bin Arqam, may Allah be pleased wit h him, and when we had sat down wit h him, Husayn said: ` You are so fort unat e, O Zayd! You saw t he Messenger of Allah and heard his speeches, and you went on milit ary campaigns wit h him, and you prayed behind him. You are so fort unat e, O Zayd! Tell us what you heard from t he Messenger of Allah .' He said, ` O son of my brot her, by Allah, I have grown old and it has been a long t ime, and I have forgot t en some of t he t hings t hat I used t o know from t he Messenger of Allah . What ever I t ell you, accept it , and what ever I do not t ell you, do not worry about it .' Then he said, ` One day, t he Messenger of Allah st ood up t o address

us by t he well of Khumm, bet ween Makkah and Al-Madinah, and he praised Allah and t hanked Him, and he preached and reminded us. Then he said:

∇ラぺ∠ マ ⊥セ ͡ ヲ⊥Α ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∩⊥ギ∇バよ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠» ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ∀ポ͡ケゅ∠ゎ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ょΒ͡ィほ⊥プ∠ ヶあよケ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヶ͡レΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∩ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ͡ や ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わミ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヱｚ ぺ∠ :リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ボ∠ を∠ «ヮ͡よ やヲ⊥ムジ ͡ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ぶ ͡ やゆ ͡ ゅ∠わム͡ よ͡ やヱ⊥グガ ⊥ プ∠ ケ⊥ ヲぁレャや∠ヱ (Thereaft er! O people, I am merely a human being and soon t he messenger of my Lord will come and I will answer him. I am leaving behind t wo t hings wit h you, t he first of which is t he Book of Allah in which is guidance and light , so seize t he Book of Allah and hold fast t o it .) He urged t hem t o cling t o t he Book of Allah, t hen he said:

ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ⊥ あミク∠ ぺ⊥ ∩ヶ͡わ∇Βよ∠ モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヶ͡プ ぶ ∠ や ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ⊥ あミク∠ ぺ⊥ ヶ͡わ∇Βよ∠ モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ » «ヶ͡わ∇Βよ∠ モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヶ͡プ ぶ ∠ や (And t he members of my family (Ahl Al-Bayt ): Remember Allah wit h regard t o t he members of my family, remember Allah wit h regard t o t he members of my family.) saying it t hree t imes.' Husayn said t o him, ` Who are t he members of his family (Ahl Al-Bayt ), O Zayd Are not his wives members of his family' He said, ` His wives are members of his family, but t he members of his family are t hose who are not permit t ed t o receive charit y aft er he died.' He said, ` Who are t hey' He said, ` They are t he family of ` Ali, t he family of ` Aqil, t he family of Ja` far and t he family of ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem.' He said, ` Were all of t hese forbidden t o receive charit y aft er his deat h' He said, ` Yes.''' This Comment ary is from Zayd bin Arqam and is not Marfu`

The Command to follow the Qur'an and Sunnah The one who ponders t he meaning of t he Qur'an will have no doubt t hat t he wives of t he Prophet are included among t hose who are referred t o in t he Ayah:

ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ィゲあ ャや ユ⊥ ⇒⊥ムレ∠ハ ょ ∠ ワ͡ ∇グΒ⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ び⇔やゲ⇒⇒Β͡ヰ∇トゎ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ヰあ ト ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ (Allah wishes only t o remove Ar-Rij s from you, O members of t he family, and t o purify you wit h a t horough purificat ion.) The cont ext clearly refers t o t hem. Allah t hen says:

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ リ ｚ ⇒⊥ム͡ゎヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ヴ∠ヤ⇒∇わΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ∇ゲ⇒⊥ミ∇クや∠ヱぴ び͡るヨ∠ ⇒⇒∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ (And remember, t hat which is recit ed in your houses of t he Ayat of Allah and Al-Hikmah.) meaning, ` act in accordance wit h t hat of t he Qur'an and Sunnah which Allah revealed t o His Messenger in your houses.' This was t he view of Qat adah and ot hers. ` And remember t his blessing wit h which you alone of all t he people have been favored, t hat t he revelat ion comes down in your houses and not t hose of ot her people.' ` A'ishah As-Siddiqah bint As-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem, was foremost among t hem wit h in t his blessing and was t he most fort unat e, and t he most favored wit h t his mercy. For t he revelat ion did not come t o t he Messenger of Allah in t he bed of any of his wives except hers, as he st at ed. Some of t he scholars, may Allah have mercy on t hem, said: "This was because he did not marry any ot her virgin besides her, and no man slept wit h her in her bed before him , may Allah be pleased wit h her.'' So it was befit t ing t hat she should be singled out for t his blessing and high st at us. But if his wives are members of his household, t hen t his t it le is even more fit t ing for his own relat ives. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Jamilah said: "Al-Hasan bin ` Ali, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem bot h, was appoint ed as Khalifah when ` Ali was killed.'' He said: "While he was praying, a man leapt on him and st abbed him wit h a dagger.'' Husayn claimed t hat he heard t hat t he one who st abbed him was a man from Banu Asad, and Al-Hasan, may Allah be pleased wit h him, was prost rat ing at t he t ime. He said, "They claimed t hat he received t he wound in his hip. He was ill as a result for many mont hs, t hen he recovered. He ascended t he Minbar and said: ` O people of ` Iraq! Have Taqwa of Allah concerning us, for we are your leaders and your guest s, and we are members of t he family (Ahl Al-Bayt ) concerning whom Allah said:

ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ィゲあ ャや ユ⊥ ⇒⊥ムレ∠ハ ょ ∠ ワ͡ ∇グΒ⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ び⇔やゲ⇒⇒Β͡ヰ∇トゎ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ヰあ ト ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ (Allah wishes only t o remove Ar-Rij s from you, O members of t he family, and t o purify you wit h a t horough purificat ion.)' He kept saying t his unt il t here was no one left in t he Masj id who was not weeping and sobbing.''

び⇔やゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡トャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is Ever Most Court eous, Well-Acquaint ed wit h all t hings.) means, ` by His kindness t owards you, you have reached t his st at us, and by His knowledge of you and t hat you are qualified for t hat st at us, He has given t his t o you and singled you out for it .' Ibn Jarir, may Allah have mercy on him, said: "And remember how Allah blessed you by causing t he Ayat of Allah and Al-Hikmah t o be recit ed in your houses, so give t hanks t o Allah for t hat and praise Him.

び⇔やゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡トャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ

(Verily, Allah is Ever Most Court eous, Well-Acquaint ed wit h all t hings.) means, ` He is kind t owards you, for He has caused t he Ayat of Allah and Al-Hikmah t o be recit ed in your houses,' and Al-Hikmah means t he Sunnah. And He is Well-Acquaint ed wit h you means, ` He chose you as wives for His Messenger.' Qat adah said:

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒Α∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ͡ リ ｚ ⇒⊥ム͡ゎヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ヴ∠ヤ⇒∇わΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ∇ゲ⇒⊥ミ∇クや∠ヱぴ び͡るヨ∠ ⇒⇒∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ (And remember, t hat which is recit ed in your houses of t he Ayat of Allah and Al-Hikmah.) "He is reminding t hem of His favor.'' This was narrat ed by Ibn Jarir. ` At iyah Al-` Awfi comment ed on t he Ayah:

び⇔やゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒト ͡ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is Ever Most Court eous, Well-Acquaint ed wit h all t hings.) "He knows when and where t o reveal Al-Hikmah.'' This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hat im, t hen he said: "This was also narrat ed from Ar-Rabi` bin Anas from Qat adah. ''

ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ ͡ろ⇒∠わ͡レ⇒∠ボ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡わレ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠バゼ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡バゼ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや∠ヱ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ら͡ ⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨゃ͡ ⇒ダ ｚ ャやヱ リ ∠ Β͡ヨゃ͡ ⇒ｚダャやヲ͡わ⇒∠ホギあ ダ ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ホギあ ダ ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ∠ Α͡ゲ⇒͡ミグ∠ ャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヌ⇒͡ヘ⇒∠エ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲプ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠エ∇ャや∠ヱ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ミ͡ グ∠ ャや∠ヱ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ (35. Verily, t he Muslims: men and women, t he believers: men and women, t he Qanit : men and t he women, t he men and women who are t rut hful, t he men and t he women who are pat ient , t he Khashi` : men and t he women, t he men and t he women who give Sadaqat , t he men and t he women who fast , t he men and t he women who guard t heir chast it y and t he men and t he women who remember Allah much wit h t heir heart s and t ongues, Allah has prepared for t hem forgiveness and a great reward.)

The Reason for Revelation

Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Umm Salamah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, t he wife of t he Prophet said, "I said t o t he Prophet , ` Why is it t hat we are not ment ioned in t he Qur'an as men are' Then one day wit hout my realizing it , he was calling from t he Minbar and I was combing my hair, so I t ied my hair back t hen I went out t o my chamber in my house, and I st art ed list ening out , and he was saying from t he Minbar:

リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ

:メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ゅ∠Α» ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ «び͡ろ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ

(O people! Verily Allah says: (Verily, t he Muslims: men and women, t he believers: men and women...)) t o t he end of t he Ayah.'' This was also recorded by An-Nasa'i and Ibn Jarir.

リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ

ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ

リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び͡ろ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ

(Verily, t he Muslims: men and women, t he believers: men and women...) indicat es t hat Iman is somet hing ot her t han Islam, and t hat it is more specific, because Allah says:

∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユャｚ モ⊥ホ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ゆ ⊥ や∠ゲ∇ハΙ ｘやろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホぴ び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΑΙや モ ͡カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ (The bedouins say: "We believe.'' Say: "You believe not but you only say, ` We have surrendered (in Islam),' for fait h has not yet ent ered your heart s.'') (49:14). In t he Two Sahihs, it says:

«リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ル∇ゴΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ヶ͡ルやｚゴャや ヶ͡ル∇ゴΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» (The adult erer does not commit adult ery at t he t ime when he is a believer.) For it snat ches away his Iman, alt hough t hat does not mean he is a disbeliever, according t o t he consensus of t he Muslims. This indicat es t hat Iman is more specific t han Islam, as we have st at ed at t he beginning of our comment ary on Al-Bukhari.

び͡ろ⇒∠わレ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡わレ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (t he Qanit : men and t he women,) Al-Qunut means obedience during quit e t ime.

ケ⊥ グ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ͡もべ∠ホヱ∠ や⇔ギ͡イ⇒∠シ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ￢∠ べ∠ルや∠￢ ∀ろ͡ルゅ∠ホ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リョｚ ぺ∠ぴ び͡ヮよあ ケ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや (Is one who is (Qanit ,) prost rat ing himself or st anding in t he middle of t he night , fearing t he Hereaft er and hoping for t he mercy of his Lord...) (39:9)

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥わレ͡ ⇒∠ホ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ ｘ ミ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (To Him belongs what ever is in t he heavens and t he eart h. All are Uqnut i (Qanit un) t o Him.) (30:26)

ノ∠ ョ∠ ヴ͡バ∠ミ∇ケや∠ヱ ン͡ギイ ⊥ ∇シや∠ヱ マ ͡ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ヴ͡わレ⊥ ∇ホや ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ Αぴ びリ ∠ Β͡バミ͡ ゲ∠ ャや (O Maryam! "Uqnut i t o your Lord and prost rat e, and bow wit h Ar-Raki` in (t hose who bow).'') (3:43)

び∠リΒ͡わレ͡ ⇒∠ホ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ (And st and before Allah Qanit in) (2: 238). So, beyond Islam t here is a higher level t o be reached, which is Iman, and Qunut st ems from t hem bot h.

び͡ろ⇒∠ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや∠ヱぴ (t he men and women who are t rut hful,) This refers t o t heir speech, for t rut hfulness is a praisewort hy at t ribut e. Some of t he Companions, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem, were never known t o have lied even once, neit her during Jahiliyyah nor in Islam. Trut hfulness is a sign of fait h, j ust as lying is a sign of hypocrisy. Whoever is t rut hful will be saved:

∩あゲら͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヵ͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ギダ あ ャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ベ ͡ ∇ギダ あ ャゅ͡よ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠» ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∠ゆグ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヵ͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ゲｚ ら͡ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ケ∠ ヲ⊥イヘ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡ケヲ⊥イヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヵ͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ンｚゲ∠エ∠わ∠Α∠ヱ ベ ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇ダΑ∠ モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや メ ⊥ やゴ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡

メ ⊥ や∠ゴΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ボΑあギタ ͡ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ょ ∠ わ∠ ∇ムΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ギダ あ ャや ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ょ ∠ わ∠ ∇ムΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ンｚゲエ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ⊥ グ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや «ゅ⇔よやｚグミ∠ ぶ ͡ や (You have t o be t rut hful, for t rut hfulness leads t o right eousness and right eousness leads t o Paradise. And beware of lying, for lying leads t o immoralit y and immoralit y leads t o Hell. A man will keep t elling t he t rut h and st riving t o do so unt il he will be recorded wit h Allah as a t rut hful. And a man will keep t elling lies and will persist in doing so unt il he will be recorded wit h Allah as a liar.) And t here are many Hadit hs on t his t opic.

び͡れゲ∠ ら͡ ⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ ∠リΑ͡ゲ͡ら⇒ｚダャや∠ヱぴ (t he men and t he which is pat ience come t o pass. So, when disast er first

women who are pat ient ,) This is t he at t ribut e of t hose who are st eadfast , in t he face of adversit y and knowing t hat what is decreed will inevit ably t hey face it wit h pat ience and st eadfast ness. Pat ience is t he most difficult st rikes, t hen aft er t hat it becomes easier, and t his is t rue st eadfast ness.

び͡ろ⇒∠バゼ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡バゼ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (t he Khashi` : men and t he women,) Khushu` means serenit y and t ranquillit y, deliberat ion and dignit y and humilit y. What mot ivat es a person t o be like t his is t he fear of Allah and t he awareness t hat He is const ant ly wat ching, as ment ioned in t he Hadit h:

ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ゲゎ∠ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ゲゎ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ぶ ∠ や ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ハや» «ポや∠ゲΑ∠ (Worship Allah as if you can see Him, for if you cannot see Him, He can see you.)

び͡ろ⇒∠ホギあ ダ ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∠リΒ͡ホギあ ∠ダ∠わヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (t he men and t he women who give Sadaqat ,) As-Sadaqah (charit y) means doing good t o people who are in need or who are weak and have no means of earning a living and none t o financially support t hem. They give t hem from t he excess of t heir wealt h in obedience t o Allah and as a good deed t o His creat ion. It was recorded in t he Two Sahihs:

ヮ⊥ ぁヤニ ͡ ゅｚャま͡ モ ｚニ ͡ ゅ∠ャ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤあニ ͡ ヶ͡プ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ぁヤヌ ͡ Α⊥ る∀ バ∠ ∇らシ ∠» ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ヘ∇カほ∠プ∠ る∃ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ∠ よ͡ ベ ∠ ギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ミ∠ グ∠ プ∠ «ヮ⊥レΒ͡ヨΑ∠ ペ ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇レゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ヨセ ͡ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ (There are seven whom Allah will shade wit h His Shade on t he Day when t here will be no shade except His Shade -- and among t hem he ment ioned -- . ..a man who gave in charit y and concealed it t o t he ext ent t hat his left hand did not know what his right hand was giving.) According t o anot her Hadit h:

￢⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ￢⊥ ヴ͡ヘ∇トΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ る∠ ゃ∠ Β͡トガ ∠ ∇ャや ￢⊥ ヴ͡ヘ∇トゎ⊥ る⊥ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや∠ヱ» «ケゅｚレャや (Sadaqah ext inguishes bad deeds j ust as wat er ext inguishes fire.) There are many Hadit hs which encourage charit able giving; t his t opic is discussed in det ail elsewhere.

び͡ろ⇒∠ヨゃ͡ ⇒ｚダャやヱ リ ∠ Β͡ヨゃ͡ ⇒ｚダャやヱぴ (t he men and t he women who fast ,) According t o a Hadit h narrat ed by Ibn Maj ah:

«ラ∠ギら∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ゅ∠ミコ∠ ュ⊥ ∇ヲｚダャや∠ヱ» (Fast ing is t he Zakah of t he body.) In ot her words, it purifies it and cleanses it of t hings t hat are bad in bot h physical and Shar` i t erms. Sa` id bin Jubayr said: "Whoever fast s Ramadan and t hree days of each mont h, is included in t he Ayah,

び͡ろ⇒∠ヨゃ͡ ⇒ｚダャやヱ リ ∠ Β͡ヨゃ͡ ⇒ｚダャやヱぴ (t he men and t he women who fast ,)'' Fast ing is also one of t he great est means of overcoming one's desires, as t he Messenger of Allah said:

り∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ら∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ネ ∠ ゅ∠トわ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠らゼ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バョ∠ ゅ∠Α» ∩͡ァ∇ゲヘ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ リ ⊥ダ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ヂ ぁ ビ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∇ァヱｚ ゴ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ «￢ゅ∠ィヱ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ∇ノト ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠

(O young men! Whoever among you can afford t o get married, let him do so, for it is most effect ive in lowering t he gaze and prot ect ing t he chast it y. And whoever cannot get married, t hen let him fast , for it will be a prot ect ion for him.) It is quit e apt t hat next should be ment ioned:

び͡ろ⇒∠ヌ⇒͡ヘ⇒∠エ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲプ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠エ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (t he men and t he women who guard t heir chast it y) i.e., t hey prot ect t heir privat e part s from forbidden and sinful t hings, except for t hat which is permit t ed. Allah says:

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠ェ ∇ユヰ͡ ィ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ リ ∠ Β͡ョヲ⊥ヤョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥キゅ∠バ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ￢∠ へ∠ケヱ∠ ヴ∠ピわ∠ ∇よや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ (And t hose who guard t heir chast it y. Except from t heir wives or t he whom t heir right hands possess -- for t hey are not blamewort hy. But whosoever seeks beyond t hat , t hen it is t hose who are t respassers.) (70:29-31)

び͡れゲ∠ ミ͡ グ∠ ャや∠ヱ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ∠ Α͡ゲ⇒͡ミグ∠ ャや∠ヱぴ (and t he men and t he women who remember Allah much) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ゅ∠Βヤｚダ ∠ プ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや ナ ∠ ボ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ や∠クま͡» や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ぶ ∠ やリ ∠ Α͡ゲミ͡ やｚグャや リ ∠ ョ͡ る∠ ヤ∠∇Βヤｚャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠らわ͡ ミ⊥ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ バ∠ ∇ミケ∠ «れや∠ゲミ͡ やｚグャや∠ヱ (If a man wakes his wife at night and t hey pray t wo Rak` ahs, t hey will recorded t hat night as being among t he men and t he women who remember Allah much.) This was recorded by Abu Dawud, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah from t he Hadit h of Abu Sa` id and Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem bot h, from t he Prophet . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "The Messenger of Allah was walking along a road in Makkah, and he came t o (t he mount ain of) Jumdan, and said,

«ラヱ⊥キあゲヘ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ペ ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∩やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡シ ∩⊥ラや∠ギ∇ヨィ ⊥ や∠グワ∠ » (This is Jumdan, go ahead, for t he Mufarridun have gone ahead.(The men and t he women who remember Allah much) Then he said,

«リΒ͡ボヤあエ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» (O Allah, forgive t hose who shaved t heir hair.) They said, ` And t hose who short ened.' He said,

«リΒ͡ボヤあエ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» (O Allah, forgive t hose who shaved t heir hair.) They said, ` And t hose who short ened.'

«リΑ͡ゲダ あ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ» (And t hose who short ened.) This was recorded by Imam Ahmad wit h t his chain of narrat ion. It was also recorded by Muslim, except for t he last part of it .

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Allah has prepared for t hem forgiveness and a great reward.) Here Allah t ells us t hat for all of t hose ment ioned in t his Ayah, He has prepared for t hem forgiveness of t heir sins and a great reward, meaning, Paradise.

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ツホ∠ や∠クま͡ る∃ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∃ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ り⊥ ゲ∠ Β∠ ガ ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ び ゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁ Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ゾ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ (36. It is not for a believer, man or woman, when Allah and His Messenger have decreed a mat t er t hat t hey should have any opt ion in t heir decision. And whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger, he has indeed st rayed int o a plain error.)

The Reason for Revelation Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Barzah Al-Aslami said: "Julaybib was a man who used t o ent er upon women and j oke wit h t hem. I said t o my wife, ` Do not let Julaybib ent er upon you, for if he ent ers upon you I shall do such and such.' If any of t he Ansar had a single female relat ive, t hey would not arrange a marriage for her unt il t hey found out whet her t he Prophet want ed t o marry her or not . The Prophet said t o one of t he Ansar:

«マ∠わ∠レ∇よや ヶ͡レ∇ィヱあ コ∠ » (Give me your daught er for marriage.) He said, ` Yes, O Messenger of Allah, it would be an honor and a blessing.' He said,

«ヶ͡ジ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ワギ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇ジャ∠ ヶあルま͡» (I do not want her for myself.) He said, ` Then for whom, O Messenger of Allah' He said,

«ょΒ͡ら∇Βヤ∠イ ⊥ ャ͡» (For Julaybib.) He said, ` O Messenger of Allah, let me consult her mot her.' So he went t o t he girl's mot her and said, ` The Messenger of Allah is proposing marriage for your daught er.' She said, ` Yes, it would be a pleasure.' He said, ` He is not proposing t o marry her himself, he is proposing on behalf of Julaybib.' She said, ` What ! Julaybib No, by Allah, we will not marry her t o him.' When he want ed t o get up and go t o t he Messenger of Allah t o t ell him what t he girl's mot her had said, t he girl asked, ` Who is asking for my hand' So her mot her t old her, and she said, ` Are you refusing t o follow t he command of t he Messenger of Allah Follow his command, for I will not come t o any harm.' So her fat her went t o t he Messenger of Allah and said, ` Deal wit h her as you wish.' So he married her t o Julaybib. Then t he Messenger of Allah went out on one of his milit ary campaigns, and aft er Allah had grant ed him vict ory, he said t o his Companions, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem,

«ギ∠ェぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギボ͡ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ » (See whet her t here is anybody missing.) They said, ` We have lost so-and-so, and so-and-so.' He said,

«ギ∠ェぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギボ͡ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルや» (See if t here is anybody missing.) They said, ` No one.' He said:

«ゅ⇔らΒ͡ら∇Β∠ヤィ ⊥ ギ⊥ ボ͡ ∇プぺ∠ ヶ͡レレｚ ム͡ ャ∠» (But I see t hat Julaybib is missing.) He said:

«ヴ∠ヤ∇わボ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥らヤ⊥∇デゅ∠プ» (Go and look for him among t he dead.) So t hey looked for him, and found him beside seven of t he enemy whom he had killed before he was himself killed. They said, ` O Messenger of Allah, here he is, beside seven of t he enemy whom he had killed before he was himself killed.' The Messenger of Allah came and st ood beside him and said,

«ヮ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ヶあレョ͡ や∠グワ∠ ∩⊥ロヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ バ∠ ∇らシ ∠ モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ » (He killed seven before he was himself killed. He belongs t o me and I belong t o him.) He said t his t wo or t hree t imes, t hen t he Messenger of Allah carried him in his arms and held him while his grave was dug, t hen he placed him in his grave. It was not ment ioned t hat he washed him,

may Allah be pleased wit h him.'' Thabit , may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "There was no widow among t he Ansar who was more sought aft er for marriage t han t hat girl.'' Ishaq bin ` Abdullah bin Abi Talhah asked Thabit , "Do you know how t he Messenger of Allah prayed for t hat girl'' He t old him: "He said,

ゅ∠ヰゼ ∠ ∇Βハ ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ６ら∠タ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ｚょタ ⊥ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» «や６ギミ∠ (O Allah, pour blessings upon her and do not make her life hard.) And t his is how it was; t here was no widow among t he Ansar who was more sought aft er for marriage t han her.'' This is how it was recorded by Imam Ahmad, in full. Muslim and An-Nasa'i recorded t he st ory of his deat h in Al-Fada'il. Al-Hafiz Abu ` Umar bin ` Abd Al-Barr ment ioned in Al-Ist i` ab t hat when t he girl said in her seclusion, ` Are you refusing t o follow t he command of t he Messenger of Allah ' -- This Ayah was revealed:

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ツホ∠ や∠クま͡ る∃ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∃ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ り⊥ ゲ∠ Β∠ ガ ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ (It is not for a believer, man or woman, when Allah and His Messenger have decreed a mat t er t hat t hey should have any opt ion in t heir decision.) It was narrat ed t hat Tawus asked Ibn ` Abbas about praying t wo Rak` ahs aft er ` Asr and he t old him not t o do t hat . Ibn ` Abbas recit ed:

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ツホ∠ や∠クま͡ る∃ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∃ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ り⊥ ゲ∠ Β∠ ガ ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ (It is not for a believer, man or woman, when Allah and His Messenger have decreed a mat t er t hat t hey should have any opt ion in t heir decision.) This Ayah is general in meaning and applies t o all mat t ers, i.e., if Allah and His Messenger decreed a mat t er, no one has t he right t o go against t hat , and no one has any choice or room for personal opinion in t his case. Allah says: o

ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨムあ エ ∠ Α⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヱ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ ろ ∠ ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ゅ⇔ィ∠ゲェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤ∇ジゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤあジ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ (But no, by your Lord, t hey can have no fait h, unt il t hey make you j udge in all disput es bet ween t hem, and find in t hemselves no resist ance against your decisions, and accept (t hem) wit h full submission.) (4:65) Hence t he issue of going against it is addressed in such st rong t erms, as Allah says:

び⇔ゅレΒ͡らョぁ Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ゾ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger, he has indeed st rayed int o a plain error.) This is like t he Ayah:

∇ユヰ⊥ ら∠ Β͡ダゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヘ͡ヤ⇒∠ガΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ケ͡ グ∠ ∇エΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ぴ び∀ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら∠ Β͡ダΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ (And let t hose who oppose t he Messenger's commandment , beware, lest some Fit nah should befall t hem or a painful t orment be inflict ed on t hem) (24:63).

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ バ∠ ル∠ぺ ン͡グヤｚャ͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ マ ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル͡ ヴ͡プ ヴ͡ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱ マ ∠ィ ∠ ∇ヱコ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇マジ ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ∠ぺ ペ ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ゼ∇ガゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Α͡ギ∇らョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰム∠ ⇒∠レ∇ィヱｚ コ∠ や⇔ゲ∠デヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∀ギ∇Α∠コ ヴ∠ツホ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ゼ∇ガゎ∠ ͡ァや∠ヱ∇コ∠ぺ ヴ͡プ ァ ∀ ゲ∠ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヴム∠ ャ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∠デヱ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇や∇ヲツ ∠ ホ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠Βハ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ びΙ ⇔ ヲ⊥バ∇ヘョ∠ (37. And (remember) when you said t o him on whom Allah has best owed grace and you have done a favor: "Keep your wife t o yourself, and have Taqwa of Allah.'' But you did hide in yourself t hat which Allah will make manifest , you did fear t he people whereas Allah had a bet t er right t hat you should fear Him. So, when Zayd had complet ed his aim wit h her, We gave her t o you in marriage, so t hat t here may be no difficult y t o t he believers in respect of t he wives of t heir adopt ed sons when t he lat t er have no desire t o keep t hem. And Allah's command must be fulfilled.)

Allah's rebuke to His Messenger and the Story of Zayd and Zaynab Allah t ells what His Prophet said t o his freed slave Zayd bin Harit hah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, who was t he one on whom Allah had best owed grace, i.e., t hrough Islam and following t he Messenger .

び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and you have done a favor ぴt o himび) means, by freeing him from slavery. And he was a great leader, held in high est eem and beloved by t he Prophet . He was known as t he beloved, and his son Usamah was known as t he beloved son of t he beloved. ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said: "The Messenger of Allah never sent him on a campaign but he appoint ed him as it s commander, and if he had lived aft er him he would have appoint ed him as his Khalifah.'' This was recorded by Imam Ahmad. The Messenger of Allah had given him in marriage t o t he daught er of his pat ernal aunt , Zaynab bint Jahsh Al-Asadiyyah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, whose mot her was Umaymah bint ` Abd Al-Mut t alib. For her dowery he gave her t en Dinars, sixt y Dirhams, a veil, a cloak and a shirt , fift y Mudds of food and t en Mudds of dat es. This was st at ed by Muqat il bin Hayyan. She st ayed wit h him for a year, more or less, t hen problems arose bet ween t hem. Zayd complained about her t o t he Messenger of Allah , who t old him, "St ay wit h your wife and have Taqwa of Allah.'' Allah says:

サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ゼ∇ガ∠ゎ∠ヱ ヮ͡ Α͡ギ∇らョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヘル͡ ヴ͡プ ヴ͡ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ∠ヱぴ び⊥ヮ⇒∠ゼ∇ガゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ペ ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (But you did hide in yourself t hat which Allah will make manifest , you did fear t he people whereas Allah had a bet t er right t hat you should fear Him.) Ibn Jarir narrat ed t hat ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said, "If Muhammad were t o have concealed anyt hing t hat was revealed t o him of t he Book of Allah, he would have concealed t his Ayah:

サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ゼ∇ガ∠ゎ∠ヱ ヮ͡ Α͡ギ∇らョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヘル͡ ヴ͡プ ヴ͡ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ∠ヱぴ び⊥ヮ⇒∠ゼ∇ガゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ペ ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (But you did hide in yourself t hat which Allah will make manifest , you did fear t he people whereas Allah had a bet t er right t hat you should fear Him.)''

びゅ∠ヰム∠ ⇒∠レ∇ィヱｚ コ∠ や⇔ゲ∠デヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∀ギ∇Α∠コ ヴ∠ツホ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (So, when Zayd had complet ed his aim wit h her, We gave her t o you in marriage,) meaning, ` when her marriage t o Zayd was over and he had separat ed from her, We married her t o you,' and t he One Who was her Wali (guardian) in t his marriage was Allah Himself, in t he sense t hat He revealed t o t he Prophet t hat he should go in unt o her wit hout any Wali, cont ract ual agreement , dowery or wit nesses among mankind. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Thabit said t hat Anas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "When Zaynab's ` Iddah finished, may Allah be pleased wit h her, t he Messenger of Allah said t o Zayd bin Harit hah,

«ヶ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ワ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プ ∇ょワ∠ ∇クや» (Go t o her and t ell her about me (t hat I want t o marry her).) So, he went t o her and found her kneading dough. He (Zayd) said, ` When I saw her I felt such respect for her t hat I could not

even look at her and t ell her what t he Messenger of Allah had said, so I t urned my back t o her and st epped aside, and said, ` O Zaynab! Rej oice, for t he Messenger of Allah has sent me t o propose marriage t o you on his behalf.' She said, ` I will not do anyt hing unt il I pray t o my Lord, may He be glorified.' So she went t o t he place where she usually prayed. Then Qur'an was revealed and t he Messenger of Allah came and ent ered wit hout permission. We were t here when she ent ered upon t he Messenger of Allah , and for t he wedding feast we offered bread and meat . Then t he people left , and some men st ayed behind conversing in t he house aft er t hey had eat en. The Messenger of Allah went out and I followed him. He st art ed t o go around all t he apart ment s of his wives, greet ing t hem, and t hey said, ` O Messenger of Allah, how did you find your (new) wife' I do not know whet her I or someone else t old him t hat t hose people had left , so he went and ent ered t he house, and I went t o ent er aft er him, but he drew t he curt ain bet ween himself and I. The ruling of Hij ab was revealed and he exhort ed t he people as Allah had exhort ed t hem:

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ク∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ あ ら͡ レｚ ャや れ ∠ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (Ent er not t he Prophet 's houses, unless permission is given t o you).'' This was also recorded by Muslim and An-Nasa'i. Al-Bukhari, may Allah have mercy on him, recorded t hat Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "Zaynab bint Jahsh, may Allah be pleased wit h her, used t o boast t o t he ot her wives of t he Prophet , saying, ` Your families arranged your marriages, but Allah arranged my marriage from above t he seven heavens.''' In (our Tafsir of) Surat An-Nur we ment ioned t hat Muhammad bin ` Abdullah bin Jahsh said: "Zaynab and ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem, were boast ing t o one anot her; Zaynab, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said, ` I am t he one whose marriage was revealed from above t he heaven.' ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said, ` I am t he one whose innocence was revealed from heaven.' So, Zaynab conceded t hat , may Allah be pleased wit h her.''

͡ァや∠ヱ∇コ∠ぺ ヴ͡プ ァ ∀ ゲ∠ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヴム∠ ャ͡ぴ び⇔やゲ∠デヱ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇や∇ヲツ ∠ ホ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠Βハ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ (so t hat t here may be no difficult y t o t he believers in respect of t he wives of t heir adopt ed sons when t he lat t er have no desire t o keep t hem.) means, ` We permit t ed you t o marry her, and We did t hat so t hat t here would no longer be any difficult y for t he believers wit h regard t o t heir marrying t he ex-wives of t heir adopt ed sons.' Before prophet hood, t he Messenger of Allah had adopt ed Zayd bin Harit hah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, and he was known as Zayd, t he son of Muhammad. Allah put a st op t o t his when He said:

び∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠Βハ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (nor has He made your adopt ed sons your real sons) unt il:

び͡ヮヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ テ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠よΙ ６ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇キやぴ (Call t hem aft er t heir fat hers, t hat is more j ust wit h Allah) (33:4-5). Then t his was confirmed and made even clearer by t he marriage of t he Messenger of Allah t o Zaynab bint Jahsh, may Allah be pleased wit h her, when Zayd bin Harit hah divorced her. Allah says in Ayat At -Tahrim:

び∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠ヤ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ も͡ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ モ ⊥ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (t he wives of your sons from your own loins) (4:23) which specifically excludes adopt ed sons. This cust om (of adopt ing sons) was widespread among t hem.

び⇔Ιヲ⊥バ∇ヘョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah's command must be fulfilled.) means, ` t his t hat has happened was decreed by Allah and was inevit able.' Allah knew t hat Zaynab, may Allah be pleased wit h her, would become one of t he wives of t he Prophet .

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや チ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ァ ∃ ゲ∠ ェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヴ あ ら͡ レｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚョぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇や∇ヲヤ∠カ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ レｚ シ ⊥ び や⇔ケヱ⊥ギ∇ボョｚ や⇔ケ∠ギホ∠ (38. There is no blame on t he Prophet in t hat which Allah has made legal for him. That has been Allah's way wit h t hose who have passed away of old. And t he command of Allah is a decree det ermined.)

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや チ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ァ ∃ ゲ∠ ェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヴ あ ら͡ レｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚョぴ び⊥ヮャ∠ (There is no blame on t he Prophet in t hat which Allah has made legal for him.) means, in t hat which has been permit t ed for him and which he has been commanded t o do, i.e. his marrying Zaynab, may Allah be pleased wit h her,, who had been divorced by his adopt ed son Zayd bin Harit hah,

び⊥モ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇や∇ヲヤ∠カ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ｚレシ ⊥ぴ (That has been Allah's way wit h t hose who have passed away of old.) means t his is t he ruling of Allah for t he Prophet s who came before him. Allah would not command t hem t o do anyt hing for which t hey might be blamed. This is a refut at ion of t hose hypocrit es who imagined t hat t here was anyt hing wrong wit h his marrying t he ex-wife of Zayd, his freed slave and adopt ed son.

び⇔やケヱ⊥ギ∇ボョｚ や⇔ケ∠ギホ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And t he command of Allah is a decree det ermined.) means, His command which He has decreed must inevit ably come t o pass; not hing can prevent it or avert it , for what ever He wills happens, and what ever He does not decree, does not happen.

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒ャゅ∠シケ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピヤあら∠ Α⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ - ゅ⇔らΒ͡ジェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや Ι ｚ ま͡ や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥シケｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠ィケあ リ∂ョ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠よ∠ぺ ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ リ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや ユ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠カヱ∠ (39. Those who convey t he Message of Allah and fear Him, and fear none save Allah. And sufficient is Allah as a Reckoner.) (40. Muhammad is not t he fat her of any of your men, but he is t he Messenger of Allah and t he last of t he Prophet s. And Allah is Ever All-Aware of everyt hing.)

Praise for Those Who convey the Message The Messenger is not the Father of any Man Allah st at es:

び∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠ィケあ リ∂ョ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠よ∠ぺ ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚョぴ (Muhammad is not t he fat her of any of your men,) Aft er t his it was not permit t ed t o say Zayd bin Muhammad, i.e., he was not his fat her even t hough he had adopt ed him. No male child of t he Prophet lived unt il pubert y. Khadij ah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, bore him Al-Qasim, At -Tayyib and At -Tahir, but t hey died in childhood. Mariyah Al-Qibt iyyah bore him Ibrahim, but he also died in infancy. He also had four daught ers from Khadij ah: Zaynab, Ruqayyah, Umm Kult hum and Fat imah, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem all. Three of t hem died during his lifet ime, Fat imah lived long enough t o be bereaved of him, t hen she died six mont hs lat er.

He is the Last of the Prophets

あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ リ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや ユ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠カヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥シケｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ (but he is t he Messenger of Allah and t he last of t he Prophet s. And Allah is Ever All-Aware of everyt hing.) This is like t he Ayah:

び⊥ヮ∠わ∠ャゅ∠シ͡ケ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ

(Allah knows best wit h whom t o place His Message) (6:124). This Ayah clearly st at es t hat t here will be no Prophet aft er him. If t here will be no Prophet aft er him t hen t here will surely be no Messenger aft er him eit her, because t he st at us of a Messenger is higher t han t hat of a Prophet , for every Messenger is a Prophet but t he reverse is not t he case. This was report ed in many Mut awat ir Hadit hs narrat ed from t he Messenger of Allah via a group of his Companions, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem. Imam Ahmad recorded a narrat ion from Ubayy bin Ka` b, from his fat her t hat t he Prophet said:

ゅ∠ヰレ∠ ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ や⇔ケや∠キ ヴ∠レよ∠ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ヶ͡ヤ∠ん∠ョ» ∩ゅ∠ヰ∇バツ ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ る∃ レ∠ ら͡ ャ∠ ノ∠ ッ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らイ ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠Β∇レら⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プヲ⊥トΑ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや モ ∠ バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ルほ∠プ∠ ∩͡るレ∠ ら͡ ヤｚャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ノ⊥ ッ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ユｚ ゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ «る∠レら͡ ヤｚャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ノ⊥ ッ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ リ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや (My parable among t he Prophet s is t hat of a man who built a house and did a good and complet e j ob, apart from t he space of one brick which he did not put in it s place. The people st art ed t o walk around t he building, admiring it and saying, "If only t hat brick were put in it s place. '' Among t he Prophet s, I am like t hat brick.) It was also recorded by At -Tirmidhi, who said "Hasan Sahih.''

Another Hadith Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

メ ∠ ヲシ ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∇ろバ∠ ト ∠ ボ∠ ∇ルや ギ͡ ホ∠ ∠りヲｚ ら⊥ レぁ ャや∠ヱ る∠ ャ∠ゅ∠シゲあ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» «ヶ͡らル∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇バよ∠ (Messengership and Prophet hood have come t o an end, and t here will be no more Messengers or Prophet s.) This worried t he people, t hen he said:

«れや∠ゲゼ あ ら∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ » (But t here will be Al-Mubashshirat .) They said, ` O Messenger of Allah, what are AlMubashshirat ' He said,

￢͡ や∠ゴ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀￢∇ゴィ ⊥ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ∩͡ユヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ゅ∠Α∇ぼケ⊥ » «りｚヲら⊥ レぁ ャや (The dreams of a Muslim man, and t hey are one of t he part s of prophet hood.) This was also recorded by At -Tirmidhi, who said, "Sahih Gharib.''

Another Hadith Abu Dawud At -Tayalisi recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

や⇔ケや∠キ ヴ∠レよ∠ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ヤ∠ん∠ョ» ∇リョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ∩∃るレ∠ ら͡ ャ∠ ノ∠ ッ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰレ∠ ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ミほ∠プ∠ ノ∠ ッ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰレ∠ ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ￢⊥ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや ヶ͡よ ユ∠ わ͡ カ ⊥ る͡ レ∠ ら͡ ヤｚャや ノ⊥ ッ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ゅ∠ルほ∠プ∠ ∩͡るレ∠ ら͡ ヤｚャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ «ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (The parable of myself and t he Prophet s is t hat of a man who built a house and did a complet e and good j ob, except for t he space of one brick. Whoever ent ered it would look at t hat space and say, how good it is, apart from t he space of t hat brick. My posit ion is like t hat of t hat brick, and t he Prophet s -- blessings and peace be upon t hem -- end wit h me.) It was also recorded by Al-Bukhari, Muslim and At -Tirmidhi, who said, "It is Sahih Gharib wit h t his chain of narrat ors.''

Another Hadith Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

や⇔ケや∠キ ヴ∠レよ∠ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ ΒΒ͡ら⇒⇒ｚレャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ヤ∠ん∠ョ» マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヨ∠ ∇ゎほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ろ ⊥ ∇ゃイ ͡ プ∠ ∩⇔りギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ る⇔ レ∠ ら͡ ャ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰヨｚ ゎ∠ ほ∠プ∠ «る∠レら͡ ヤｚャや

(The parable of myself and t he Prophet s is t hat of a man who built a house and complet ed it apart from t he space of one brick. I have come and complet ed t hat brick.) This was also recorded by Muslim.

Another Hadith Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ヶ͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ ∇リョ͡ ￢͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや モ ∠ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ヤ∠ん∠ョ ラ ｚ ま͡» ノ∠ ッ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰレ∠ ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ミほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ヴ∠レわ∠ ∇よや サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや モ ∠ バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワゅ∠Αや∠ヱコ∠ ∇リョ͡ る∃ Α∠ ヱ͡ や∠コ ∇リョ͡ る∃ レ∠ ら͡ ャ∠ ろ ∠ ∇バッ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚャぺ∠ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠Β∇レら⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ら⊥ イ ͡ ∇バΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プヲ⊥トΑ∠ «マ⊥ルゅ∠Β∇レよ⊥ ユぁ わ͡ Β∠ プ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ら͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠レヰ⊥ ワ (The parable of myself and t he Prophet s who came before me is t hat of a man who built houses and made t hem complet e and beaut iful apart from t he space of a brick in one of t he corners. The people st art ed t o walk around, admiring t he const ruct ion and saying, If only you put a brick here, your const ruct ion will be complet e.) The Messenger of Allah said:

«る∠レら͡ ヤｚャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ろ ⊥ ∇レム⊥ プ∠ » (And I am t hat brick.) It was also recorded by (Al-Bukhari and Muslim).

Another Hadith Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ノ∠ ョ͡ や∠ヲィ ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥ : ろ ∠ ジ ͡ よ͡ ￢͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤあツプ⊥ » ∩⊥ユも͡ ゅレ∠ ピ∠ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ ャ͡ ∇ろヤｚェ ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ∇ハゲぁ ャゅ͡よ れ ⊥ ∇ゲダ ͡ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡ユヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ケヲ⊥ヰデ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ギイ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヶ ∠ ャ͡ ∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ «ラヲぁΒら͡ レｚ ャや ヶ͡よ ユ∠ わ͡ カ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩⇔るプｚ ゅ∠ミ ペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡

(I have been given preference over t he ot her Prophet s in six ways: I have been given t he abilit y t o speak concisely; I have been aided by fear (cast int o t he heart s of my enemies); t he spoils of war have been made permissible for me; t he ent ire eart h has been made a Masj id and a means of purificat ion for me; I have been sent t o all of mankind; and t he Prophet s end wit h me.) This was also recorded by At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah; At -Tirmidhi said, "It is Hasan Sahih.''

Another Hadith Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ヴ∠レよ∠ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ヶ͡ヤ∇らホ∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ヤ∠ん∠ョ» ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ろ ⊥ ∇ゃイ ͡ プ∠ ∩∃りギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ る∃ レ∠ ら͡ ャ∠ ノ∠ ッ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰヨｚ ∠ゎ∠ほ∠プ や⇔ケや∠キ «る∠レら͡ ヤｚャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヨ∠ ∇ゎほ∠プ∠ (The parable of myself and t he Prophet s who came before me is t hat of a man who built a house and complet ed it apart from t he space of one brick. I have come and complet ed t hat brick.) It was also recorded by Muslim.

Another Hadith Jubayr bin Mut ` im, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah say:

ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ギヨ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∀ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ￢∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇シぺ∠ ヶ͡ャ ラ ｚ ま͡» ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ゲ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヲ⊥エ∇ヨΑ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ヶ͡ェゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ヶ ｚ ョ∠ ギ∠ ホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゲ⊥ ゼ ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚや ゲ⊥ セ ͡ ゅ∠エ∇ャや «ヶ͡らル∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ょ ⊥ ホ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ャや (I have several names: I am Muhammad, and I am Ahmad; I am Al-Mahi (t he eradicat or) t hrough whom Allah will erase disbelief; I am Al-Hashir (t he gat herer) at whose feet mankind will gat her; and I am Al-` Aqib (t he final one) aft er whom t here will be no Prophet .) It was also recorded in t he Two Sahihs. And t here are many ot her Hadit hs on t his t opic. Allah has t old us in His Book, and His Messenger has t old us in t he Mut awat ir Sunnah, t hat t here will be no Prophet aft er him, so t hat it may be known t hat everyone who claims t his st at us aft er him is a liar and fabricat or who is misguided and is misguiding ot hers. Even if he t wist s meanings, comes up wit h false claims and uses t ricks and vagaries, all of t his is false and is misguidance as will be clear t o t hose who have underst anding. This is what Allah caused t o happen in t he case of AlAswad Al-` Ansi in t he Yemen and Musaylimah t he Liar in Al-Yamamah, whose false miracles and nonsensical words showed everyone who was possessed of underst anding t hat t hey were liars

who were leading people ast ray; may t he curse of Allah be upon t hem bot h. This is t he case wit h every false prophet unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, unt il t hey end wit h Al-Masih Ad-Daj j al (t he Ant ichrist ). Each of t hese liars is given by Allah signs which show t he people of knowledge and t he believers t hat his message is false -- which is part of t he perfect kindness of Allah t owards His creat ion. These liars do not enj oin what is good, nor forbid what is evil, unless t hey do so by coincidence or because it serves an ult erior purpose. They are t he ut most in falsehood and immoralit y, in all t hat t hey say and do, as Allah says:

メ ⊥ ゴｚ レ∠ ゎ∠ - リ ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠Βｚゼャや メ ⊥ ゴｚ レ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらル∠ ぺ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ぴ び ユ∃ Β͡をぺ∠ ポ ∃ ゅｚプぺ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (Shall I inform you (O people!) upon whom t he Shayat in descend They descend on every lying, sinful person.) (26:221-222) This is in cont rast t o t he Prophet s -- may blessings and peace be upon t hem -- for t hey are t he ut most in right eousness, t rut hfulness, wisdom, upright ness and j ust ice in all t hat t hey say and do, command and forbid. In addit ion t o t his t hey are support ed wit h miracles and clear and obvious proof. May t he blessings and peace of Allah be upon t hem always, as long as heaven and eart h remain.

- や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ミク͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴあヤダ ∠ Α⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ - Κ ⇔ Β͡タぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥エらあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ͡ケヲぁレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガΒ⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ｚΒエ ͡ ゎ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ び ゅ⇔ヨΑ͡ゲミ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ (41. O you who believe! Remember Allah wit h much remembrance.) (42. And glorify His praises morning and Asila.) (43. He it is Who sends Salah on you, and His angels t oo, t hat He may bring you out from darkness int o light . And He is Ever Most Merciful t o t he believers.) (44. Their greet ing on t he Day t hey shall meet Him will be "Salam (Peace!)'' And He has prepared for t hem a generous reward.)

The Virtue of remembering Allah much Allah commands His believing servant s t o remember t heir Lord much, Who has best owed upon t hem all kinds of blessings and favors, because t his will bring t hem a great reward and a wonderful dest iny. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Busr said: "Two bedouins came t o t he Messenger of Allah and one of t hem said: ` O Messenger of Allah, which of t he people is best ' He said:

«ヮ⊥ヤヨ∠ ハ ∠ リ ∠ジ ⊥ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ヨハ ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠デ ∇リョ∠ » (The one whose life is long and whose deeds are good.) The ot her one said: ` O Messenger of Allah, t he laws of Islam are t oo much for us. Teach me somet hing t hat I can adhere t o.' He said,

«ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ͡ や ゲ͡ ∇ミグ͡ よ͡ ゅら⇔ ∇デケ∠ マ ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠ジャ͡ メ ⊥ や∠ゴΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» (Keep your t ongue moist wit h t he remembrance of Allah, may He be exalt ed.) At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah recorded t he second part of t his report . At -Tirmidhi said, "This Hadit h is Hasan Gharib''. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ や やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ⇔ジヤ͡∇イョ∠ やヲ⊥ジヤ∠ィ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ジェ ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ (No people sit t oget her wit hout ment ioning Allah, but t hey will see t hat as regret on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, comment ed on t he Ayah:

び⇔やゲΒ͡んミ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ミク͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クやぴ (Remember Allah wit h much remembrance. ) "Allah did not enj oin any dut y upon His servant s wit hout set t ing known limit s and accept ing t he excuses of t hose who have a valid excuse -apart from Dhikr, for Allah has not set any limit s for it , and no one has any excuse for not remembering Allah unless he is oppressed and forced t o neglect it . Allah says:

び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔キヲ⊥バホ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠Βホ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プぴ (Remember Allah st anding, sit t ing down, and (lying down) on your sides) (4:103). By night and by day, on land and on sea, when t raveling and when st aying home, in richness and in povert y, in sickness and in healt h, in secret and openly, in all sit uat ions and circumst ances. And Allah says:

びΚ ⇔ Β͡タぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥エらあ ∠シ∠ヱぴ (And glorify His praises morning and Asila.) If you do t his, He and His angels will send blessings upon you.'' There are very many Ayat , Hadit hs and report s which encourage t he remembrance of Allah, and t his Ayah urges us t o remember Him much. People such as An-Nasa'i and AlMa` mari and ot hers have writ t en books about t he Adhkar t o be recit ed at different t imes of t he night and day.

びΚ ⇔ Β͡タぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥エらあ ∠シ∠ヱぴ (And glorify His praises morning and Asila) in t he morning and in t he evening. This is like t he Ayah:

- ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エら͡ ∇ダゎ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ェヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジ∇ヨゎ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らジ ⊥ プ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Β͡ェヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ゼ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヰ͡ ∇ヌゎ⊥ (So glorify Allah, when you come up t o t he evening, and when you ent er t he morning. And His are all t he praises and t hanks in t he heavens and t he eart h; and in t he aft ernoon and when you come up t o t he t ime, when t he day begins t o decline.) (30:17-18).

び⊥ヮわ⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴあヤダ ∠ Α⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He it is Who sends Salah on you, and His angels t oo,) This is encouragement t o remember Allah, i.e., He will remember you, so remember Him. This is like t he Ayah:

ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αへ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ヨ∠ミぴ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ムヨ⊥ ヤあ∠バΑ⊥ ∠ヱ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Βあミゴ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クぺ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヶャ͡ (Similarly, We have sent among you a Messenger of your own, recit ing t o you Our Ayat and purifying you, and t eaching you t he Book and t he Hikmah, and t eaching you t hat which you used not t o know. Therefore remember Me. I will remember you, and be grat eful t o Me and never be ungrat eful t o Me) (2:151-152) The Prophet said:

ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ゲミ∠ ク∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヶ͡プ ヶ͡ル∠ゲ∠ミ∠ク ∇リョ∠ :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » み∃ヤ∠ョ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ゲミ∠ ク∠ み∃ヤ∠ョ∠ ヶ͡プ ヶ͡ル∠ゲ∠ミ∠ク ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ジ∇ヘレ∠ΒΒ͡プ «ヮ∇レョ͡ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠

(Allah says: "Whoever remembers Me t o himself, I will remember him t o Myself, and whoever remembers Me in a gat hering, I will remember him in a bet t er gat hering.'')

The Meaning of Salah Allah's Salah means t hat He praises His servant before t he angels, as Al-Bukhari recorded from Abu Al-` Aliyah. This was recorded by Abu Ja` far Ar-Razi from Ar-Rabi` bin Anas from Anas. Ot hers said: "Allah's Salah means mercy.'' It may be said t hat t here is no cont radict ion bet ween t hese t wo views. And Allah knows best . Salah from t he angels means t heir supplicat ion and seeking forgiveness for people, as Allah says:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エらあ ジ ∠ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ス ∠ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ∇エΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ モ ｚ ⇒⊥ミ ろ ∠ ∇バシ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠Β͡らシ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎｚ ∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ラ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ルｚま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒ｚΑケあ ク⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠よや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ウ ∠ ヤ∠⇒∠タ リ∠ョヱ∠ び ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ び͡ろ⇒∠ゃΒ∂ ジ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ホ͡ ヱ∠ (Those who bear t he Throne and t hose around it glorify t he praises of t heir Lord, and believe in Him, and ask forgiveness for t hose who believe (saying): "Our Lord! You comprehend all t hings in mercy and knowledge, so forgive t hose who repent and follow Your way, and save t hem from t he t orment of t he blazing Fire! Our Lord! And make t hem ent er t he ` Adn Garden which you have promised t hem -- and t o t he right eous among t heir fat hers, t heir wives, and t heir offspring! Verily, You are t he All-Might y, t he All-Wise. And save t hem from t he sins.'') (40:7-9) t

び͡ケヲぁレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガΒ⊥ ャ͡ぴ (t hat He may bring you out from darkness int o light . ) means, by means of His mercy t owards you, His praise of you and t he supplicat ion of His angels for you, He brings you fort h from t he darkness of ignorance and misguidance int o t he light of guidance and cert ain fait h.

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ェケ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And He is Ever Most Merciful t o t he believers.) means, in t his world and in t he Hereaft er: in t his world He guides t hem t o t he t rut h of which ot hers are ignorant , and He shows t hem t he pat h from which ot hers have gone ast ray, t hose who call for disbelief and innovat ion, and t heir followers among t he wrongdoers. His mercy t owards t hem in t he Hereaft er means t hat He will save t hem from t he great er t error (of t he Day of Resurrect ion) and will command His angels t o greet t hem wit h t he glad t idings of Paradise and salvat ion from t he Fire, which will only be because of His love for t hem and His kindness t owards t hem. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "The Messenger of Allah and a group of his Companions, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem, passed by a young child in t he road. When his mot her saw t he people, she feared t hat her child may be crushed by t he crowd, so she rushed forward, crying, ` My son, my son!' She ran and picked him up, and t he people said, ` O Messenger of Allah, she would never t hrow her child in t he Fire.' The Messenger of Allah convincingly said:

«ケゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ら∠ Β͡らェ ∠ ヶ͡ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ ∩ゅ∠ャ» (No, and Allah will not t hrow His beloved in t he Fire.) It s chain of narrat ors meet s t he condit ions of t he Two Sahihs, alt hough none of t he aut hors of t he Six Books recorded it . But in Sahih Al-Bukhari it is recorded from t he Commander of t he fait hful ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat t he Messenger of Allah saw a woman among t he prisoners of war picking up her child, clasping t he child t o her breast and nursing him. The Messenger of Allah said:

ケ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ボゎ∠ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ワギ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヶ͡ボ∇ヤゎ⊥ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ⊥ ぺ∠» «∨∠マャ͡ク∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (Do you t hink t hat t his woman would t hrow her child int o t he Fire even t hough she is (physically) able t o do so) They said, "No.'' The Messenger of Allah said:

«ゅ∠ワギ͡ ャ∠ヲ∠ よ͡ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ∇リョ͡ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ ぶ ͡ や∠ヲプ∠ » (By Allah, Allah is more mercif ul t owards His servant s t han t his woman is t o her child.)

び∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ｚΒエ ͡ ゎ∠ ぴ (Their greet ing on t he Day t hey shall meet Him will be "Salam!'') The apparent meaning -- and Allah knows best -- is t hat t heir greet ing, from Allah on t he Day t hat t hey meet Him, will be Salam, i.e., He will greet t hem wit h Salam, as He says elsewhere:

び ユ∃ Β͡ェケｚ ゆ ｙ ケｚ リあョ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ュ∀ Κ ∠シ ∠ぴ

((It will be said t o t hem): Salam -- a Word from t he Lord, Most Merciful.) (36:58) Qat adah claimed t hat t he meaning was t hat t hey would greet one anot her wit h Salam on t he Day when t hey meet Allah in t he Hereaft er. This is like t he Ayah:

ュ∀ Κ ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ Βｚ エ ͡ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヲ∇ハキ∠ ゲ⊥ カ ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ (Their way of request t herein will be ` Glory t o You, O Allah,' and ` Salam' will be t heir greet ings t herein! and t he close of t heir request will be ` All praise is due t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exit s.') (10:10)

び⇔ゅヨΑ͡ゲミ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And He has prepared for t hem a generous reward.) means Paradise and everyt hing in it of food, drink, clot hing, dwellings, physical pleasure, luxuries and delight ful scenes, such as no eye has seen, no ear has heard and has never ent ered t he mind of man.

や⇔ゲΑ͡グル∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲあゼら∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ギ͡ワゅ∠セ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べｚル͡ま ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ゲ͡ ゼ あ よ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡レョぁ ゅ⇔ィや∠ゲシ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔Β͡ハや∠キヱ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡らミ͡ Κ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇モ⇒ｚミ∠ヲ∠ゎ∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クぺ∠ ∇ネキ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ノ͡ ト ͡ ゎ⊥ びΚ ⇔ Β⇒͡ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (45. O Prophet ! Verily, We have sent you as wit ness, and a bearer of glad t idings, and a warner,) (46. And as one who invit es t o Allah by His leave, and as a lamp spreading light .) (47. And announce t o t he believers t he glad t idings, t hat t hey will have from Allah a great bount y.) (48. And obey not t he disbelievers and t he hypocrit es, and harm t hem not . And put your t rust in Allah, and sufficient is Allah as a Trust ee.)

The Attributes of the Messenger of Allah Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` At a' bin Yasar said t hat he met ` Abdullah bin ` Amr bin Al-` As, may Allah be pleased wit h him, and said t o him: "Tell me about t he descript ion of t he Messenger of Allah in t he Tawrah.'' He said, "Yes, by Allah, he was described in t he Tawrah wit h some of t he qualit ies wit h which he was described in t he Qur'an: ` O Prophet ! Verily, We have sent you as wit ness, and a bearer of glad t idings, and a warner, a saviour t o t he illit erat e. You are My servant and My Messenger and I have called you Al-Mut awakkil (reliant ). You are not harsh or severe, or noisy in t he market places.

You do not repay evil wit h evil, but you overlook and forgive. Allah will not t ake your soul unt il you make st raight t hose who have deviat ed and t hey say La ilaha illallah, words wit h which blind eyes, deaf ears and sealed heart s will be opened'.'' It was also recorded by Al-Bukhari in t he Books of Business and At -Tafsir. Wahb bin Munabbih said: "Allah revealed t o one of t he Prophet s of t he Children of Israel whose name was Sha` ya' (Isaiah); ` St and up among your people t he Children of Israel and I shall cause your t ongue t o ut t er (words of) revelat ion. I shall send an unlet t ered (Prophet ) from among t he illit erat e (people). He will not be harsh or severe, or noisy in t he market places. If he were t o pass by a lamp, it would not be ext inguished, because of his t ranquillit y. If he were t o walk on reeds no sound would be heard from under his feet . I will send him as a bearer of glad t idings and as a warner, who will never ut t er immoral speech. Through him I will open blind eyes, deaf ears and sealed heart s. I will guide him t o do every good deed and I will best ow upon him every noble charact erist ic. I will make t ranquillit y his garment , right eousness his banner, piet y his conscience, wisdom his speech, t rut hfulness and loyalt y his nat ure, t olerance and goodness his charact er, t rut h his way, j ust ice his conduct , guidance his leader, Islam his nat ion. Ahmad is his name and t hrough him I will guide people aft er t hey have gone ast ray, t each t hem aft er t hey have been ignorant , raise t heir st at us aft er t hey were not hing, make t hem known aft er t hey were unknown, increase t he number (of followers of t he t rut h) aft er t hey have been few, make t hem rich aft er t hey have been poor, and bring t hem t ogt her aft er t hey have been divided. Through him I will bring t oget her different nat ions and heart s, and reconcile opposing desires. Through him I will save great numbers of people from t heir doom. I will make his Ummah t he best of peoples ever raised up for mankind; t hey will enj oin good and forbid evil, sincerely believing in Me Alone and accept ing as t rut h all t hat My Messengers have brought . I shall inspire t hem t o glorify, praise and magnify Me Alone in t heir places of worship and in t heir gat herings, when t hey lie down and when t hey ret urn home. They will pray t o Me st anding and sit t ing. They will fight for t he sake of Allah in ranks and armies. They will go fort h from t heir homes by t he t housand, seeking My pleasure, washing t heir faces and limbs, girding t heir loins. Their sacrifice will be t heir blood and t heir holy Book will be in t heir heart s. They will be like monks by night and like lions by day. Among t he members of his family and his offspring I will make t hose who are foremost (in fait h) and believers in t he t rut h and mart yrs and right eous people. His Ummah aft er him will lead people wit h t rut h and est ablish j ust ice t herewit h. I will give st rengt h t o t hose who support t hem and help t hose who pray for t hem, and I will inflict defeat upon t hose who oppose t hem or t ransgress against t hem or seek t o t ake somet hing from t heir hands. I will make t hem t he heirs of t heir Prophet , calling people t o t heir Lord, enj oining what is good, forbidding what is evil, est ablishing regular prayer, paying t he Zakah and fulfilling t heir promises. Through t hem I will complet e t he goodness which I st art ed wit h t he first of t hem. This is My bount y which I best ow upon whomsoever I will, and I am t he Possessor of great bount y.'''

び⇔やギ͡ワゅ∠セぴ (as wit ness) means, a wit ness t o Allah's Oneness, for t here is no God except He, and a wit ness against mankind for t heir deeds on t he Day of Resurrect ion.

び⇔やギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We bring you as a wit ness against t hese people) (4:41). This is like t he Ayah:

メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャあぴ びや⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (t hat you be wit nesses over mankind and t he Messenger be a wit ness over you) (2:143).

び⇔やゲΑ͡グル∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲあゼら∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and a bearer of glad t idings, and a warner.) means, a bearer of glad t idings t o t he believers of a great reward, and a warner t o t he disbelievers of a great punishment .

び͡ヮル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔Β͡ハや∠キヱ∠ ぴ (And as one who invit es t o Allah by His leave,) means, ` you call mankind t o worship t heir Lord because He has commanded you t o do so. '

び⇔やゲΒ͡レョぁ ゅ⇔ィや∠ゲシ ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and as a lamp spreading light .) means, ` t he Message t hat you bring is as clear as t he sun shining bright ly, and no one can deny it except t hose who are st ubborn.'

び∇ユワ⊥ や∠クぺ∠ ∇ネキ∠ ヱ∠ ∠リΒ͡ボ͡ヘ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ノ͡ ト ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And obey not t he disbelievers and t he hypocrit es, and harm t hem not .) means, ` do not obey t hem and do not pay at t ent ion t o what t hey say.'

び∇ユワ⊥ や∠クぺ∠ ∇ネキ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and harm t hem not .) means, ` overlook and ignore t hem, for t heir mat t er rest s ent irely wit h Allah and He is sufficient for t hem (t o deal wit h t hem).' Allah says:

びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And put your t rust in Allah, and sufficient is Allah as a Trust ee.)

ｚユを⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇エム∠ ル∠ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲぁジヨ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ボヤｚデ ∠

ゅ⇔ェや∠ゲシ ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ェゲあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥バわあ ヨ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヱぁギわ∠ ∇バゎ∠ り∃ ギｚ ハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヨィ ∠ (49. O you who believe! When you marry believing women, and t hen divorce t hem before you have sexual int ercourse wit h t hem, no ` Iddah have you t o count in respect of t hem. So, give t hem a present , and set t hem free in a handsome manner.)

A Gift and no (Iddah) for Women Who are divorced before Consummation of the Marriage This Ayah cont ains many rulings, including t he use of t he word Nikah for t he marriage cont ract alone. There is no ot her Ayah in t he Qur'an t hat is clearer t han t his on t his point . It also indicat es t hat it is permissible t o divorce a woman before consummat ing t he marriage wit h her.

び͡ろ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやぴ (believing women) t his refers t o what is usually t he case, alt hough t here is no difference bet ween a believing (Muslim) woman and a woman of t he People of t he Book in t his regard, according t o scholarly consensus. Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Sa` id bin AlMusayyib, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, ` Ali bin Al-Husayn Zayn-ul-` Abidin and a group of t he Salaf t ook t his Ayah as evidence t hat divorce cannot occur unless it has been preceded by marriage, because Allah says,

びｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ボｚヤデ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇エム∠ ル∠ や∠クま͡ぴ (When you marry believing women, and t hen divorce t hem) The marriage cont ract here is followed by divorce, which indicat es t hat t he divorce cannot be valid if it comes first . Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "If someone were t o say, ` every woman I marry will ipso fact o be divorced,' t his does not mean anyt hing, because Allah says:

ｚユを⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇エム∠ ル∠ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ びｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ボｚヤデ ∠ (O you who believe! When you marry believing women, and t hen divorce t hem....).'' It was also report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "Allah said,

びｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ボｚヤデ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇エム∠ ル∠ や∠クま͡ぴ

(When you marry believing women, and t hen divorce t hem.) Do you not see t hat divorce comes aft er marriage'' A Hadit h t o t he same effect was recorded from ` Amr bin Shu` ayb from his fat her from his grandfat her, who said: "The Messenger of Allah said:

«マ͡ヤ∇ヨΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ͡ ∇よゅ͡ャ ベ ∠ ゅ∠ヤデ ∠ ゅ∠ャ» (There is no divorce for t he son of Adam wit h regard t o t hat which he does not possess.) This was recorded by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah. At -Tirmidhi said, "This is a Hasan Hadit h, and it is t he best t hing t hat has been narrat ed on t his mat t er.'' It was also recorded by Ibn Maj ah from ` Ali and Al-Miswar bin Makhramah, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem, t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

«ゥゅ∠ムル͡ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ベ ∠ ゅ∠ヤデ ∠ ゅ∠ャ» (There is no divorce before marriage.)

びゅ∠ヰル∠ ヱぁギわ∠ ∇バゎ∠ り∃ ギｚ ハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (no ` Iddah have you t o count in respect of t hem.) This is a command on which t he scholars are agreed, t hat if a woman is divorced before t he marriage is consummat ed, she does not have t o observe t he ` Iddah (prescribed period for divorce) and she may go and get married immediat ely t o whomever she wishes. The only except ion in t his regard is a woman whose husband died, in which case she has t o observe an ` Iddah of four mont hs and t en days even if t he marriage was not consummat ed. This is also according t o t he consensus of t he scholars.

び⇔ΚΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゅ⇔ェや∠ゲシ ∠ ｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥ェゲあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥バわあ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, give t hem a present , and set t hem free in a handsome manner.) The present here refers t o somet hing more general t han half of t he named dowery or a special gift t hat has not been named. Allah says:

∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲぁジヨ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ボヤｚデ ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ッゲ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ ブ ⊥ ∇ダレ͡ プ∠ る⇔ ツ ∠ Α͡ゲプ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ッゲ∠ プ∠ (And if you divorce t hem before you have t ouched (had a sexual relat ion wit h) t hem, and you have fixed unt o t hem t heir due (dowery) t hen pay half of t hat ) (2:237). And Allah says:

リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲぁジヨ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ べ∠ジレあ ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ボｚヤデ ∠ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Ι ｚぴ ノ͡ シ ͡ ヲ⊥ヨ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥バわあ ョ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ツ ∠ Α͡ゲプ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠

ゅ６ボェ ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ⇔バ⇒∠わョ∠ ロ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ゲ͡ わ͡ ∇ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ロ⊥ ケ⊥ ギ∠ ホ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (There is no sin on you, if you divorce women while yet you have not t ouched t hem, nor fixed unt o t hem t heir due (dowery). But best ow on t hem gift , t he rich according t o his means, and t he poor according t o his means, a gift of reasonable amount is a dut y on t he doers of good.) (2:236) pIn Sahih Al-Bukhari, it was recorded t hat Sahl bin Sa` d and Abu Usayd, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem bot h, said, "The Messenger of Allah married Umaymah bint Sharahil, and when she ent ered upon him he reached out his hand t owards her, and it was as if she did not like t hat , so he t old Abu Usayd t o give her t wo garment s.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said "If t he dowery had been named, she would not be ent it led t o more t han half, but if t he dowery is not been named, he should give her a gift according t o his means, and t his is t he "handsome manner.''

ろ ∠ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ ヴ͡ゎΚ ｚ ャや マ ∠ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヤ∠∇ェぺ∠ べｚル͡ま ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠プぺ∠ べｚヨョ͡ マ ∠ レ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ｚリワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ れ ͡ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠カ れ ͡ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ わ͡ ⇒ｚヨハ ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ヨあ ハ ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヱ∠ ラ͡ま る⇔ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ り⇔ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや∠ヱ マ ∠ バ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ゲイ ∠ ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡ゎΚ ｚ ャや マ ∠ わ͡ ⇒∠ヤ⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰエ ∠ ム͡ レ∠わ∇ジΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚャや キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ヴ あ ら͡ レｚ ヤ͡ャ ゅ∠ヰジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ろら∠ ワ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ャｚ る⇔ ダ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠カ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユ⇒͡ヰィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ッゲ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ァ ∀ ゲ∠ ェ ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Κ ∠ ∇Βム∠ ャ͡ び (50. O Prophet ! Verily, We have made lawful t o you your wives, t o whom you have paid t heir due (dowery), and t hose (slaves) whom your right hand possesses -- whom Allah has given t o you, and t he daught ers of your pat ernal uncles and t he daught ers of your pat ernal aunt s and t he daught ers of your mat ernal uncles and t he daught ers of your mat ernal aunt s who migrat ed wit h you, and a believing woman if she offers herself t o t he Prophet , and t he Prophet wishes t o marry her -- a privilege for you only, not for t he (rest of) t he believers. Indeed We know what We have enj oined upon t hem about t heir wives and t hose (slaves) whom t heir right hands possess, in order t hat t here should be no difficult y on you. And Allah is Ever Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

The Women who are Lawful for the Prophet Allah says, addressing His Prophet t hat He has made lawful for him of women his wives t o whom he has given t he dowery, which is what is meant by "t heir due'', which is used here, as was st at ed by Muj ahid and ot hers. The dowery which he gave t o his wives was t welve and half ` Uqiyah (measures of gold) so t hey all received five hundred Dirhams except for Umm Habibah bint Abi Sufyan, t o whom An-Naj ashi, may Allah have mercy on him, gave four hundred Dinars (on behalf of t he Prophet ) Safiyyah bint Huyay, whom he chose from among t he prisoners of Khaybar, t hen he set her free, making her release her dowery. A similar case was t hat of Juwayriyah bint Al-Harit h Al-Must alaqiyyah -- he paid off t he cont ract t o buy her freedom from Thabit bin Qays bin Shammas and married her. May Allah be pleased wit h t hem all.

び∠マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠プぺ∠ べｚヨョ͡ マ ∠ レ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (t hose (slaves) whom your right hand possesses whom Allah has given t o you,) means, ` t he slave-girls whom you t ook from t he war boot y are also permit t ed t o you.' He owned Safiyyah and Juwayriyah, t hen he manumit t ed t hem and married t hem, and he owned Rayhanah bint Sham` un An-Nadariyyah and Mariyah Al-Qibt iyyah, t he mot her of his son Ibrahim, upon him be peace; t hey were bot h among t he prisoners, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem.

れ ͡ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠カ れ ͡ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ わ͡ ⇒ｚヨハ ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ヨあ ハ ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∠マわ͡ ⇒∠ヤ⇒∠カ (and t he daught ers of your pat ernal uncles and t he daught ers of your pat ernal aunt s and t he daught ers of your mat ernal uncles and t he daught ers of your mat ernal aunt s) This is j ust ice which avoids going t o eit her ext reme, for t he Christ ians do not marry a woman unless t here are seven grandfat hers bet ween t he man and t he woman (i.e., t hey are very dist ant ly relat ed or not at all), and t he Jews allow a man t o marry his brot her's daught er or his sist er's daught er. So t he pure and perfect Shari` ah came t o cancel out t he ext remes of t he Christ ians, and permit t ed marriage t o t he daught er of a pat ernal uncle or aunt , or t he daught er of a mat ernal uncle or aunt , and forbade t he excesses of t he Jews who allowed marriage t o t he daught er of a brot her or sist er which is an abhorrent t hing.

キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ヴ あ ら͡ レｚ ヤ͡ャ ゅ∠ヰジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ろら∠ ワ∠ ヱ∠ ラ͡ま る⇔ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ り⇔ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや∠ヱぴ び∠マャｚ る⇔ ダ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠カ ゅ∠ヰ∠エ͡ムレ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ラ∠ぺ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや (and a believing woman if she offers herself t o t he Prophet , and t he Prophet wishes t o marry her -- a privilege for you only,) means, ` also lawf ul for you, O Prophet , is a believing woman if she offers herself t o you, t o marry her wit hout a dowery, if you wish t o do so.' This Ayah includes t wo condit ions. Imam Ahmad recorded from Sahl bin Sa` d As-Sa` idi t hat a woman came t o t he Messenger of Allah and said, "O Messenger of Allah, verily, I offer myself t o you (for marriage).'' She st ood t here for a long t ime, t hen a man st ood up and said, "O Messenger of Allah, marry her t o me if you do not want t o marry her.'' The Messenger of Allah said:

«∨⊥ロゅｚΑま͡ ゅ∠ヰホ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ダゎ⊥ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ポ ∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ∇モワ∠ » (Do you have anyt hing t hat you could give t o her as a dowery) He said, "I have only t his garment of mine.'' The Messenger of Allah said:

∩∠マャ∠ ケ∠ や∠コま͡ ゅ∠ャ ろ ∠ ∇ジヤ∠ィ ∠ ポ ∠ ケ∠ や∠コま͡ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ ∇Βト ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ラま͡» «ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ザヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プ (If you give her your garment , you will be left wit h no garment . Look for somet hing.) He said, "I do not have anyt hing.'' He said:

«ギΑ͡ギェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ⇔ヨ∠ゎゅ∠カ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ザヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ャや» (Look for somet hing, even if it is only an iron ring.) So he looked, but he could not find anyt hing. Then t he Messenger of Allah said t o him:

«∨∀￢∇ヶセ ∠ ラ ͡ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇モワ∠ » (Do you have ぴknowび anyt hing of t he Qur'an) He said, "Yes, Surah such and such and Surah and such,'' he named t he Surahs. So, t he Messenger of Allah said:

«ラへ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ∠ヰム∠ わ⊥ ∇ィヱｚ コ∠ » (I marry her t o you wit h what you know of t he Qur'an.) It was also recorded by (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) from t he Hadit h of Malik. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded a narrat ion from his fat her t hat ` A'ishah said: "The woman who offered herself t o t he Prophet was Khawlah bint Hakim.'' AlBukhari recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "I used t o feel j ealous of t hose women who offered t hemselves t o t he Prophet and I said, ` Would a woman offer herself' When Allah revealed t he Ayah:

￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン͡ヱ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ͡ィ∇ゲゎ⊥ ぴ び∠マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ャゴ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ わ∠ ∇よや リ ͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠ (You can post pone whom you will of t hem, and you may receive whom you will. And whomsoever you desire of t hose whom you have set aside, it is no sin on you) I said, ` I see t hat your Lord hast ens t o confirm your desires.''' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "The Messenger of Allah did not have any wife who offered herself t o him. '' This was recorded by Ibn Jarir. In ot her words, he did not accept any of t hose who offered t hemselves t o him, even t hough t hey were lawful for him -- a ruling which applied t o him alone. The mat t er was left t o his own choice, as Allah says:

びゅ∠ヰエ ∠ ム͡ レ∠わ∇ジΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ぴ (and ぴifび t he Prophet wishes t o marry her) meaning, if he chooses t o do so.

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ャｚ る⇔ ダ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠カぴ (a privilege for you only, not for t he (rest of) t he believers.) ` Ikrimah said: "This means, it is not permissible for anyone else t o marry a woman who offers herself t o him; if a woman offers herself t o a man, it is not permissible for him (t o marry her) unless he gives her somet hing.'' This was also t he view of Muj ahid, Ash-Sha` bi and ot hers. In ot her words, if a woman offers herself t o a man, when he consummat es t he marriage, he has t o give her a dowery like t hat given t o any ot her woman of her st at us, as t he Messenger of Allah ruled in t he case of Barwa` bint Washiq when she offered herself in marriage; t he Messenger of Allah ruled t hat she should be given a dowery t hat was appropriat e for a woman like her aft er her husband died. Deat h and consummat ion are t he same wit h regard t o t he confirmat ion of t he dowery, and t he giving of a dowery appropriat e t o t he woman's st at us in t he case of t hose who offer t hemselves t o men ot her t han t he Prophet is an est ablished ruling. Wit h regard t o t he Prophet himself, he is not obliged t o give a dowery t o a woman who offers herself t o him, even if he consummat ed t he marriage, because he has t he right t o marry wit hout a dowery, Wali (represent at ive) or wit nesses, as we have seen in t he st ory of Zaynab bint Jahsh, may Allah be pleased wit h her. Qat adah said, concerning t he Ayah:

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ャｚ る⇔ ダ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠カぴ (a privilege for you only, not for t he (rest of) t he believers.) no woman has t he right t o offer herself t o any man wit hout a Wali or a dowery, except t o t he Prophet .

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユ⇒͡ヰィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ッゲ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ (Indeed We know what We have enj oined upon t hem about t heir wives and t hose (servant s) whom t heir right hands possess,) Ubayy bin Ka` b, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan, Qat adah and Ibn Jarir said, concerning t he Ayah:

び∇ユ⇒͡ヰィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ッゲ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅレ∠ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Indeed We know what We have enj oined upon t hem about t heir wives) means, ` concerning t he limit ing of t heir number t o four free women, and what ever t hey wish of slave-girls, and t he condit ions of a represent at ive, dowery and wit nesses t o t he marriage. This is wit h regard t o t he Ummah (t he people), but We have grant ed an exempt ion in your case and have not imposed any of t hese obligat ions upon you.'

や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ァ ∀ ゲ∠ ェ ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Κ ∠ ∇Βム∠ ャ͡ぴ び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ェケｚ (in order t hat t here should be no difficult y on you. And Allah is Ever Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン͡ヱ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ͡ィ∇ゲゎ⊥ ぴ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ャゴ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ わ∠ ∇よや リ ͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠ べ∠ヨ͡よ リ ∠ ∇Βッ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ｚ ゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ レ⊥ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ゲｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ｚリヰ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ (51. You can post pone whom you will of t hem, and you may receive whom you will. And whomsoever you desire of t hose whom you have set aside, it is no sin on you: t hat is bet t er t hat t hey may be comfort ed and not grieved, and may all be pleased wit h what you give t hem. Allah knows what is in your heart s. And Allah is Ever All-Knowing, Most Forbearing.)

The Prophet has the Choice of either accepting or rejecting Women who offer Themselves to Him Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, used t o feel j ealous of t he women who offered t hemselves t o t he Prophet . She said, "Would a woman not feel shy t o offer herself wit hout any dowery'' Then Allah revealed t he Ayah,

び⊥￢べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン͡ヱ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ͡ィ∇ゲゎ⊥ ぴ (You can post pone whom you will of t hem, and you may receive whom you will.) She said, "I t hink t hat your Lord is hast ening t o confirm your desire.'' We have already st at ed t hat AlBukhari also recorded t his. This indicat es t hat what is meant by t he word:

びヴ͡ィ∇ゲゎ⊥ ぴ (post pone) is delay, and

びｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョぴ (whom you will of t hem) means, ` of t hose who offer t hemselves t o you.'

び⊥￢べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン͡ヱ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and you may receive whom you will.) means, ` whoever you wish, you may accept , and whoever you wish, you may decline, but wit h regard t o t hose whom you decline, you have t he choice of going back t o t hem lat er on and receiving t hem.' Allah says:

び∠マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ャゴ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ わ∠ ∇よや リ ͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And whomsoever you desire of t hose whom you have set aside, it is no sin on you (t o receive her again).) Ot hers said t hat what is meant by:

びｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ͡ィ∇ゲゎ⊥ ぴ (You can post pone (t he t urn of) whom you will of t hem,) means, ` your wives: t here is no sin on you if you st op dividing your t ime equally bet ween t hem, and delay t he t urn of one of t hem and bring forward t he t urn of anot her as you wish, and you have int ercourse wit h one and not anot her as you wish.' This was narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Abu Razin, ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam and ot hers. Nevert heless, t he Prophet used t o divide his t ime bet ween t hem equally, hence a group of t he scholars of Fiqh among t he Shafi` is and ot hers said t hat equal division of t ime was not obligat ory for him and t hey used t his Ayah as t heir evidence. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` A'ishah said: "The Messenger of Allah used t o ask permission of us (for changing days) aft er t his Ayah was revealed:

￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン͡ヱ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ͡ィ∇ゲゎ⊥ ぴ び∠マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ャゴ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ わ∠ ∇よや リ ͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠ (You can post pone whom you will of t hem, and you may receive whom you will. And whomsoever you desire of t hose whom you have set aside, it is no sin on you.)'' I (t he narrat or) said t o her: "What did you say'' She said, "I said, ` If it were up t o me, I would not give preference t o anyone wit h regard t o you, O Messenger of Allah!''' This Hadit h indicat es t hat what is meant in t his Hadit h from ` A'ishah is t hat it was not obligat ory on him t o divide his t ime equally bet ween his wives. The first Hadit h quot ed from her implies t hat t he Ayah was revealed concerning t he women who offered t hemselves t o him. Ibn Jarir prefered t he view t hat t he Ayah was general and applies bot h t o t he women who offered t hemselves t o him and t o t he wives t hat he already had, and t hat he was given t he choice whet her t o divide him t ime among t hem or not . This is a good opinion which reconciles bet ween t he Hadit hs. Allah says:

リ ∠ ∇Βッ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ｚ ゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ レ⊥ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ゲｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ びｚリヰ⊥ ヤぁミ⊥ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ヨよ͡ (t hat is bet t er t hat t hey may be comfort ed and not grieved, and may all be pleased wit h what you give t hem.) meaning, ` if t hey know t hat Allah has st at ed t hat t here is no sin on you wit h regard t o dividing your t ime. If you wish, you may divide you t ime and if you do not wish, you need not divide your t ime, t here is no sin on you no mat t er which you do. Therefore if you divide your t ime bet ween t hem, t his will be your choice, and not a dut y t hat is enj oined upon you, so t hey will feel happy because of t hat and will recognize your favor t owards t hem in sharing your t ime equally among t hem and being fair t o all of t hem.'

び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (Allah knows what is in your heart s.) means, ` He knows t hat you are more inclined t owards some of t hem t han ot hers, which you cannot avoid.' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` A'ishah said: "The Messenger of Allah used t o divide his t ime bet ween his wives fairly and t reat t hem equally, t hen he said:

マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ヶ͡レ∇ヨヤ⊥ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩⊥マヤ͡∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ヶ͡ヤ∇バ͡プ や∠グワ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや» «マ͡ヤ∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ (O Allah, I have done as much as I can wit h regard t o what is under my cont rol, so do not blame me for t hat which is under Your cont rol and not mine.)'' It was also recorded by t he four Sunan compilers. Aft er t he words "so do not blame me for t hat which is under Your cont rol and not mine,'' Abu Dawud's report adds t he phrase:

«マ͡ヤ∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ヶ͡レ∇ヨヤ⊥ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ » (So do not blame me for t hat which is under Your cont rol and not mine.) meaning mat t ers of t he heart . It s chain of narrat ion is Sahih, and all t he men in it s chain are reliable. Then t his phrase is immediat ely followed by t he words,

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah is Ever All-Knowing,) i.e., of innermost secret s,

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ヤェ ∠ぴ (Most Forbearing.) meaning, He overlooks and forgives.

∇リョ͡ リ ｚ ヰ͡ よ͡ メ ∠ ギｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ￢⊥ べ∠ジレあ ャや マ ∠ ャ∠ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ Ι ｚぴ マ ∠ レ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ｚリヰ⊥ レ⊥ ∇ジェ ⊥ マ ∠ ら∠ イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ァ ∃ や∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ び ゅ⇔らΒ͡ホケｚ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ (52. It is not lawful for you (t o marry ot her) women aft er t his, nor t o change t hem for ot her wives even t hough t heir beaut y at t ract s you, except t hose whom your right hand possesses. And Allah is Ever a Wat cher over all t hings.)

The Reward of His Wives for choosing to stay with the Messenger More t han one of t he scholars, such as Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah, Ibn Zayd, Ibn Jarir and ot hers st at ed t hat t his Ayah was revealed as a reward t o t he wives of t he Prophet expressing Allah's pleasure wit h t hem for t heir excellent decision in choosing Allah and His Messenger and t he Home of t he Hereaft er, when t he Messenger of Allah , gave t hem t he choice, as we have st at ed above. When t hey chose t he Messenger of Allah t heir reward was t hat Allah rest rict ed him t o t hese wives, and forbade him t o marry anyone else or t o change t hem for ot her wives, even if he was at t ract ed by t heir beaut y -- apart from slave-girls and prisoners of war, wit h regard t o whom t here was no sin on him. Then Allah lift ed t he rest rict ion st at ed in t his Ayah and permit t ed him t o marry more women, but he did not marry anyone else, so t hat t he favor of t he Messenger of Allah t owards t hem would be clear. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said: "The Messenger of Allah did not die unt il Allah permit t ed (marriage t o ot her) women for him.'' It was also recorded by At Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i in t heir Sunans. On t he ot her hand, ot hers said t hat what was meant by t he Ayah,

び⊥ギ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ￢⊥ べ∠ジレあ ャや マ ∠ ャ∠ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ Ι ｚぴ (It is not lawful for you (t o marry ot her) women aft er t his,) means, ` aft er t he descript ion We have given of t he women who are lawful for you, t hose t o whom you have given t heir dowery, t hose whom your right hand possesses, and daught ers of your pat ernal uncles and aunt s, mat ernal uncles and aunt s, and t hose who offer t hemselves t o you in marriage -- ot her kinds of women are not lawful for you.' This view was narrat ed from Ubayy bin Ka` b, from Muj ahid in one report which was t ransmit t ed from him, and ot hers. At -Tirmidhi recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "The Messenger of Allah was forbidden t o marry cert ain kinds of women apart from believing women who had migrat ed wit h him, in t he Ayah,

∇リョ͡ リ ｚ ヰ͡ よ͡ メ ∠ ギｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ￢⊥ べ∠ジレあ ャや マ ∠ ャ∠ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ Ι ｚぴ び∠マレ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ｚリヰ⊥ レ⊥ ∇ジェ ⊥ マ ∠ ら∠ イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ァ ∃ や∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ (It is not lawful for you (t o marry ot her) women aft er t his, nor t o change t hem for ot her wives even t hough t heir beaut y at t ract s you, except t hose whom your right hand possesses.) Allah has made lawful believing women, and believing women who offered t hemselves t o t he Prophet for

marriage, and He made unlawful every woman who followed a religion ot her t han Islam, as Allah says:

び⊥ヮヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ テ ∠ ら͡ ェ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηゅ͡よ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever disbelieves in fait h, t hen fruit less is his work) (5:5). Ibn Jarir, may Allah have mercy on him, st at ed t hat t his Ayah is general in meaning and applies t o all t he kinds of women ment ioned and t he women t o whom he was married, who were nine. What he said is good, and may be what many of t he Salaf meant , for many of t hem narrat ed bot h views from him, and t here is no cont radict ion bet ween t he t wo. And Allah knows best .

マ ∠ ら∠ イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ァ ∃ や∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ｚ ヰ͡ よ͡ メ ∠ ギｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びｚリヰ⊥ レ⊥ ∇ジェ ⊥ (nor t o change t hem for ot her wives even t hough t heir beaut y at t ract s you, ) He was forbidden t o marry more women, even if he were t o divorce any of t hem and want ed replace her wit h anot her, except for t hose whom his right hand possessed (slave women).

ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ あ ら͡ レｚ ャや れ ∠ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ や∠クま͡ ∇リム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ルま͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ͡ ⇒∠ル ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ュ∃ ゅバ∠ デ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ク∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ わ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨバ͡ デ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キゅ∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ハキ⊥ ヴ あ ら͡ レｚ ャや ン͡ク∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゑ ∃ Α͡ギエ ∠ ャ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ジル͡ ∇ほわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ ͡ ∇エわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ヴ͡Β∇エわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠イェ ͡ ￢͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リ͡ョ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇シゅ∠プ ゅ⇔バ⇒∠わョ∠ ｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ャ͡ ゲ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ィ ∠ や∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エム͡ レ∠ゎ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ク∇ぽゎ ラ͡ま - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠

￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇やヱギ⊥ ∇らゎ⊥ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ (53. O you who believe! Ent er not t he Prophet 's houses, unless permission is given t o you for a meal, (and t hen) not (so early as) t o wait for it s preparat ion. But when you are invit ed, ent er, and when you have t aken your meal, disperse wit hout sit t ing for a t alk. Verily, such (behavior) annoys t he Prophet , and he is shy of (asking) you (t o go); but Allah is not shy of (t elling you) t he t rut h. And when you ask (his wives) for anyt hing you want , ask t hem from behind a screen, t hat is purer for your heart s and for t heir heart s. And it is not (right ) for you t hat you should annoy Allah's Messenger, nor t hat you should ever marry his wives aft er him (his deat h). Verily, wit h Allah t hat shall be an enormit y.) (54. Whet her you reveal anyt hing or conceal it , verily, Allah is Ever All-Knower of everyt hing.)

The Etiquette of entering the Houses of the Prophet and the Command of Hijab This is t he Ayah of Hij ab, which includes several legislat ive rulings and point s of et iquet t e. This is one of t he cases where t he revelat ion confirmed t he opinion of ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab, may Allah be pleased wit h him, as it was report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat he said: "My view coincided wit h t hat of my Lord in t hree t hings. I said, ` O Messenger of Allah, why do you not t ake Maqam Ibrahim as a place of prayer' Then Allah revealed:

びヴ６ヤダ ∠ ョ⊥ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ュ͡ ゅ∠ボョｚ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And t ake you (people) t he Maqam (place) of Ibrahim as a place of prayer) (2:125) And I said, ` O Messenger of Allah, bot h right eous and immoral people ent er upon your wives, so why do you not screen t hem' Then Allah revealed t he Ayah of Hij ab. And I said t o t he wives of t he Prophet when t hey conspired against him out of j ealousy,

や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ゅ⇔ィ∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ギ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ リ ｚ ム⊥ ∠ボヤｚ∠デ ラ͡ま ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ぴ びｚリム⊥ レあョ (It may be if he divorced you (all) t hat his Lord will give him inst ead of you, wives bet t er t han you) (66:5), and t his is what Allah revealed.'' In a report recorded by Muslim, t he prisoners of Badr are ment ioned, and t his is a fourt h mat t er (in which t he view of ` Umar coincided wit h t hat of his Lord). Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said: "` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said: ` O Messenger of Allah, bot h right eous and immoral people ent er upon you, so why not inst ruct t he Mot hers of t he believers t o observe Hij ab' Then Allah revealed t he Ayah of Hij ab.'' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "When t he Messenger of Allah married Zaynab bint Jahsh, he invit ed t he people t o eat , t hen t hey sat t alking. When he want ed t o get up, t hey did not get up. When he saw t hat , he got up anyway, and some of t hem got up, but t hree people remained sit t ing. The Prophet want ed t o go in, but t hese people were sit t ing, t hen t hey got up and went away. I came and t old t he Prophet t hat t hey had left , t hen

he came and ent ered. I want ed t o follow him, but he put t he screen bet ween me and him. Then Allah revealed,

ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ あ ら͡ レｚ ャや れ ∠ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ や∠クま͡ ∇リム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ルま͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ͡ ⇒∠ル ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ュ∃ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ク∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ び∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ わ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨバ͡ デ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キゅ∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ハキ⊥ (O you who believe! Ent er not t he Prophet 's houses, unless permission is given t o you for a meal, (and t hen) not (so early as) t o wait for it s preparat ion. But when you are invit ed, ent er, and when you have t aken your meal, disperse...)'' Al-Bukhari also recorded t his elsewhere. It was also recorded by Muslim and An-Nasa'i. Then Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said: "The Prophet married Zaynab bint Jahsh wit h (a wedding feast of) meat and bread. I sent someone t o invit e people t o t he feast , and some people came and at e, t hen left . Then anot her group came and at e, and left . I invit ed people unt il t here was no one left t o invit e. I said, ` O Messenger of Allah, I cannot find anyone else t o invit e.' He said,

«ユ⊥ムョ∠ ゅ∠バデ ∠ やヲ⊥バプ∠ ∇ケや» (Take away t he food.) There were t hree people left who were t alking in t he house. The Prophet went out unt il he came t o t he apart ment of ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, and he said,

«ヮ⊥ゎゅ∠ミゲ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や る⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや» (May peace be upon you, members of t he household, and t he mercy and blessings of Allah.) She said, ` And upon you be peace and t he mercy of Allah. How did you find your (new) wife, O Messenger of Allah May Allah bless you.' He went round t o t he apart ment s of all his wives, and spoke wit h t hem as he had spoken wit h ` A'ishah, and t hey spoke as ` A'ishah had spoken. Then t he Prophet came back, and t hose t hree people were st ill t alking in t he house. The Prophet was ext remely shy, so he went out and headed t owards ` A'ishah's apart ment . I do not know whet her I t old him or someone else t old him when t he people had left , so he came back, and when he was st anding wit h one foot over t he t hreshold and t he ot her foot out side, he placed t he curt ain bet ween me and him, and t he Ayah of Hij ab was revealed.'' This was recorded only by Al-Bukhari among t he aut hors of t he Six Books, apart from An-Nasa'i, in Al-Yaum wal-Laylah.

びあヴら͡ レｚ ャや れ ∠ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (Ent er not t he Prophet 's houses,) t he believers were prohibit ed from ent ering t he houses of t he Messenger of Allah wit hout permission, as t hey used t o do during t he Jahiliyyah and at t he beginning of Islam, unt il Allah showed His j ealousy over t his Ummah and commanded t hem t o seek permission. This is a sign of His honoring t his Ummah. Hence t he Messenger of Allah said:

«￢ゅ∠ジレあ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥カギぁ ャや∠ヱ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡»

(Beware of ent ering upon women...) Then Allah makes an except ion, when He says:

び⊥ヮ⇒∠ル͡ま リ ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ͡ ⇒∠ル ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ュ∃ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ク∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (unless permission is given t o you for a meal, (and t hen) not (so early as) t o wait for it s preparat ion.) Muj ahid, Qat adah and ot hers said: "This means, wit hout wait ing for t he food t o be prepared.'' In ot her words, do not wat ch t he food as it is being cooked t o see if it is nearly ready, t hen come and ent er t he house, because t his is one of t he t hings t hat Allah dislikes and condemns. This indicat es t hat it is forbidden t o wat ch out for food being prepared, which is what t he Arabs called Tat fil (being an uninvit ed guest ). Al-Khat ib Al-Baghdadi wrot e a book condemning t hose who wat ch out for food being prepared, and ment ioned more t hings about t his t opic t han we can quot e here. Then Allah says:

び∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ わ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨバ͡ デ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キゅ∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ハキ⊥ や∠クま͡ ∇リム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (But when you are invit ed, ent er, and when you have t aken your meal, disperse) In Sahih Muslim it is recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "The Messenger of Allah said:

∇ヱぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ⇔シ∇ゲハ ⊥ ∇ょイ ͡ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ハキ∠ や∠クま͡» «ロ∠ゲ∇Βビ ∠ (When anyone of you invit es his bot her, let him respond, whet her it is for a wedding or for any ot her reason.)'' Allah says:

び∃ゑΑ͡ギエ ∠ ャ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ジル͡ ∇ほわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (wit hout sit t ing for a t alk.) meaning, as t hose t hree people did who st ayed behind and chat t ed, and forgot t hemselves t o such an ext ent t hat t his caused inconvenience for t he Messenger of Allah as Allah says:

び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ヴ͡Β∇エわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ヴ あ ら͡ レｚ ャや ン͡ク∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, such (behavior) annoys t he Prophet , and he is shy of (asking) you (t o go);) It was said t hat what was meant was, your ent ering his houses wit hout permission causes him inconvenience and annoyance, but he did not like t o forbid t hem t o do so because he felt t oo shy,' unt il Allah revealed t hat t his was forbidden. Allah says:

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ ͡ ∇エわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (but Allah is not shy of (t elling you) t he t rut h.) meaning, ` t his is why He is forbidding and prohibit ing you from doing t hat .' Then Allah says:

￢͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リ͡ョ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇シゅ∠プ ゅ⇔バ⇒∠わョ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∃ゆゅ∠イェ ͡ (And when you ask (his wives) for anyt hing you want , ask t hem from behind a screen,) meaning, ` j ust as it is forbidden for you t o ent er upon t hem, it is forbidden for you t o look at t hem at all. If anyone of you has any need t o t ake anyt hing from t hem, he should not look at t hem, but he should ask for what ever he needs from behind a screen.'

Prohibition of annoying the Messenger and the Statement that His Wives are Unlawful for the Muslims

ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ク∇ぽゎ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ィ ∠ や∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エム͡ レ∠ゎ び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (And it is not (right ) for you t hat you should annoy Allah's Messenger, nor t hat you should ever marry his wives aft er him (his deat h). Verily, wit h Allah t hat shall be an enormit y.) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said concerning t he Ayah;

び͡ヮヤｚャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇やヱク⊥ ∇ぽゎ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And it is not (right ) for you t hat you should annoy Allah's Messenger,) "This was revealed concerning a man who want ed t o marry one of t he wives of t he Prophet aft er he died. A man said t o Sufyan, ` Was it ` A'ishah' He said, ` That is what t hey said.''' This was also st at ed by Muqat il bin Hayyan and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam. He also report ed wit h his chain of narrat ion from As-Suddi t hat t he one who want ed t o do t his was Talhah bin ` Ubaydullah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, unt il t his Ayah was revealed forbidding t hat . Hence t he scholars were unanimous in st at ing t hat it was forbidden for anyone t o marry any of t he women who were married t o t he Messenger of Allah at t he t ime when he died, because t hey are his wives in t his world and in t he Hereaft er, and t hey are t he Mot hers of t he believers, as st at ed previously. Allah regarded t hat as a very serious mat t er, and issued t he st ernest of warnings against it , as He said:

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, wit h Allah t hat shall be an enormit y.) Then He said:

￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ ラ͡まぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ (Whet her you reveal anyt hing or conceal it , verily, Allah is Ever All-Knower of everyt hing.) meaning, ` what ever you conceal in your innermost t hought s, it is not hidden from Him at all.'

び ケ⊥ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ リ ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハΙ ｘ や る∠ レ∠ も͡ べ∠カ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ぴ (Allah knows t he fraud of t he eyes, and all t hat t he breast s conceal.) (40:19).

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ も͡ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ も͡ べ∠よや∠￢ ヴ͡プ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Ι ｚぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ゎ͡ ヲ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢͡ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ ￢͡ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ∠ Β͡ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ｚリヰ⊥ ル⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ジル͡ び や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ (55. It is no sin on t hem before t heir fat hers, or t heir sons, or t heir brot hers, or t heir brot her's sons, or t he sons of t heir sist ers, or t heir own (believing) women, or t heir (female) slaves. And (O ladies) have Taqwa of Allah. Verily, Allah is Ever All-Wit ness over everyt hing.)

Relatives before Whom a Woman does not need to observe Hijab When Allah commands women t o observe Hij ab in front of men t o whom t hey are not relat ed, He explains who are t he relat ives before whom t hey do not need t o observe Hij ab. This is like t he except ions st at ed in Surat An-Nur, where Allah says:

∇ヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ も͡ べ∠よや∠￢ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ わ͡ ャ∠ヲ⊥バら⊥ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ わ∠ レ∠ Α͡コ リ ∠ Α͡ギ∇らΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ わ͡ ャ∠ヲ⊥バよ⊥ ￢͡ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ も͡ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ わ͡ ャ∠ヲ⊥バよ⊥ ￢͡ べ∠よや∠￢ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ゎ͡ ヲ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ͡レよ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ル͡ や∠ヲ∇カま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ル͡ や∠ヲ∇カま͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バら͡ ⇒ｚわャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ジル͡

∇ユャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ͡ ∇ヘト あ ャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ィゲあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ る͡ よ∠ ∇ケΗ ͡ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ び͡￢べ∠ジレあ ャや れ ͡ ケ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヰ∠ ∇ヌΑ∠ (And not t o reveal t heir adornment except t o t heir husbands, or t heir fat hers, or t heir husbands' fat hers, or t heir sons, or t heir husbands' sons, or t heir brot hers, or t heir brot hers' sons, or t heir sist ers' sons, or t heir women, or t heir right hand possessions, or t he Tabi` in among men who do not have desire, or small children who are not aware of t he nakedness of women.) (24:31). The Ayah cont ains more det ail t han t his, which we have already discussed in t he Tafsir of t he Ayah and do not need t o repeat here. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ash-Sha` bi and ` Ikrimah said concerning t he Ayah,

びｚリヰ͡ も͡ べ∠よや∠￢ ヴ͡プ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Ι ｚぴ (It is no sin on t hem before t heir fat hers...) I said, "What about t he pat ernal uncle and t he mat ernal uncle -- why are t hey not ment ioned'' He said: "Because t hey may describe her t o t heir sons, so it is disliked for a woman t o remove her covering in front of her pat ernal uncle or mat ernal uncle.''

びｚリヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ジル͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (or t heir own women,) means t hat t hey do not have t o observe Hij ab in front of ot her believing women.

びｚリヰ⊥ ル⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (or t heir (female) slaves.) Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib said: "This means female slaves only.'' This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hat im.

び⇔やギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ∠ Β͡ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And (O ladies) have Taqwa of Allah. Verily, Allah is Ever All-Wit ness over everyt hing.) means, and fear Him in privat e and in public, for He wit nesses all t hings and not hing is hidden from Him, so t hink of t he One Who is always wat ching.

ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠ Α ヴ あ ら͡ レｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁヤダ ∠ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ⇒∠ムゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤ∇ジゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤあシ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲぁヤタ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや (56. Allah sends His Salah on t he Prophet , and also His angels (do so). O you who believe! Send your Salah on him, and greet him wit h Taslim.)

The Command to say Salah upon the Prophet Al-Bukhari said: "Abu Al-` Aliyah said: "Allah's Salah is His praising him before t he angels, and t he Salah of t he angels is t heir supplicat ion.'' Ibn ` Abbas said: "They send blessings.'' Abu ` Isa At -Tirmidhi said: "This was narrat ed from Sufyan At h-Thawri and ot her scholars, who said: ` The Salah of t he Lord is mercy, and t he Salah of t he angels is t heir seeking forgiveness. There are Mut awat ir Hadit hs narrat ed from t he Messenger of Allah commanding us t o send blessings on him and how we should say Salah upon him. We will ment ion as many of t hem as we can, if Allah wills, and Allah is t he One Whose help we seek. In his Tafsir of t his Ayah, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ka` b bin ` Uj rah said, "It was said, ` O Messenger of Allah, wit h regard t o sending Salam upon you, we know about t his, but how about Salah' He said:

∩∃ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ メ ͡ へ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ あタ ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホ» ∩∀ギΒ͡イョ∠ ∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ∩ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ メ ͡ へ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βヤｚタ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∩∃ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ メ ͡ へ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ポケ͡ ゅ∠よ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや «ギΒ͡イョ∠ ∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ∩∠ユΒ͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ メ ͡ へ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ミケ∠ ゅよ∠ (Say: "O Allah, send Your Salah upon Muhammad and upon t he family of Muhammad, as You sent Your Salah upon t he family of Ibrahim, verily You are t he Most Praisewort hy, Most Glorious. O Allah, send Your blessings upon Muhammad and upon t he family of Muhammad, as You sent Your blessings upon t he family of Ibrahim, verily You are Most Praisewort hy, Most Glorious.'')'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn Abi Layla said t hat Ka` b bin ` Uj rah met him and said, "Shall I not give you a gift The Messenger of Allah came out t o us and we said, ` O Messenger of Allah! We know how t o send Salam upon you, but how can we send Salah' He said:

∩∃ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ メ ͡ へ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ あタ ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホ» ∩∀ギΒ͡イョ∠ ∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ∩ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ メ ͡ へ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βヤｚタ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∩∃ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ メ ͡ へ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ポケ͡ ゅ∠よ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや «ギΒ͡イョ∠ ∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ∩∠ユΒ͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ メ ͡ へ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ミケ∠ ゅ∠よ (Say: "O Allah, send Your Salah upon Muhammad and upon t he family of Muhammad, as You sent Your Salah upon t he family of Ibrahim, verily You are t he Most Praisewort hy, Most Glorious. O Allah, send Your blessings upon Muhammad and upon t he family of Muhammad, as You sent Your blessings upon t he family of Ibrahim, verily You are Most Praisewort hy, Most Glorious.'')'' This Hadit h has been recorded by t he Group in t heir books wit h different chains of narrat ion.

Another Hadith

Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "We said, ` O Messenger of Allah, t his is t he Salam upon you, but how do we send Salah upon you' He said:

∩∠マャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ あタ ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホ» ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ポケ͡ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ∩ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ メ ͡ へ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βヤｚタ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ メ ͡ へ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ミケ∠ ゅ∠よ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∩∃ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ メ ͡ へ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ «ユΒ͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ (Say: "O Allah, send Your Salah upon Muhammad, Your servant and Messenger, as You sent Your Salah upon t he family of Ibrahim, and send Your blessings upon Muhammad and upon t he family of Muhammad, as You sent Your blessings upon t he family of Ibrahim.'')'' Abu Salih narrat ed t hat Layt h said:

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ミケ∠ ゅ∠よ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∩∃ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ メ ͡ へ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠» «ユΒ͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ メ ͡へ (Upon Muhammad and upon t he family of Muhammad as You sent Your blessings upon t he family of Ibrahim.) Ibrahim bin Hamzah t old t hat , Ibn Abi Hazim and Ad-Darawardi t old, t hat Yazid, i.e., Ibn Al-Had said:

ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ポケ͡ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ∩ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βヤｚタ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ » メ ͡ へ ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ミケ∠ ゅ∠よ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∩∃ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ メ ͡ へ∠ヱ «ユΒ͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ (As You sent Your Salah upon Ibrahim, and send Your blessings upon Muhammad and t he family of Muhammad, as You sent Your blessings upon Ibrahim and t he family of Ibrahim.) This was also recorded by An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah.

Another Hadith Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Humayd As-Sa` idi t hat t hey said: "O Messenger of Allah, how can we send Salah upon you'' He said,

ヮ͡ ィ ͡ や∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ あタ ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホ» ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ポケ͡ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ∩∠ユΒ͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βヤｚタ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠ミ ∩͡ヮわ͡ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ヱ∠

メ ͡ へ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ミケ∠ ゅ∠よ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ィ ͡ や∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ «ギΒ͡イョ∠ ∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ∩∠ユΒ͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ (Say: "O Allah, send Your Salah upon Muhammad and his wives and offspring, as You sent Your Salah upon Ibrahim, and send Your blessings upon Muhammad and his wives and offspring, as You sent Your blessings upon t he family of Ibrahim, verily You are Most Praisewort hy, Most Glorious.'')'' It was also recorded by t he rest of t he Group, apart from At -Tirmidhi.

Another Hadith Muslim recorded t hat Abu Mas` ud Al-Ansari said: "We came t o t he Messenger of Allah and we were wit h Sa` d bin ` Ubadah. Bashir bin Sa` d said t o him, ` Allah has commanded us t o send Salah upon you, O Messenger of Allah. How can we send Salah upon you' The Messenger of Allah remained quiet for so long t hat we wished t hat he had not asked him, t hen t he Messenger of Allah said:

∩∃ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ メ ͡ へ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ あタ ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホ» ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ポケ͡ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ∩ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ メ ͡ へ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βヤｚタ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ メ ͡ へ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ミケ∠ ゅ∠よ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∩∃ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ メ ͡ へ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ∀ギΒ͡イ∠ョ ∀ギΒ͡ヨ∠ェ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ∩∠リΒ͡ヨャ∠ゅ∠バ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ «ユ⊥わ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ (Say: "O Allah, send Your Salah upon Muhammad and upon t he family of Muhammad, as You sent Your Salah upon t he family of Ibrahim, and send Your blessings upon Muhammad and upon t he family of Muhammad, as You sent Your blessings upon t he family of Ibrahim among all people, verily You are Most Praisewort hy, Most Glorious.'' And t he Salam is as you know.)'' This was also recorded by Abu Dawud, An-Nasa'i, At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Jarir. At -Tirmidhi said, "It is Hasan Sahih.''

Saying Salah upon the Prophet before the Supplication Imam Ahmad, Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi report ed t he following Hadit h and graded it Sahih; An-Nasa'i, Ibn Khuzaymah and Ibn Hibban recorded in t heir Sahihs t hat Fadalah bin ` Ubayd, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "The Messenger of Allah heard a man making supplicat ion in his prayer when he had not praised Allah or said Salah upon t he Prophet . The Messenger of Allah said:

«や∠グワ∠ モ ∠イ ͡ハ ∠»

(This man is rushing.) Then he called him over and said, t o him or t o someone else,

モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ギ͡ Β͡イ∇ヨわ∠ よ͡ ∇ぺギ∠ ∇らΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴｚヤタ ∠ や∠クま͡» ギ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ネ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ ∇ャ ｚユを⊥ ヶ あ ら͡ レｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ あモダ ∠ Β⊥ ∇ャ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠レんｚ ャや∠ヱ «￢ゅ∠セ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ (When any one of you supplicat es, let him st art by praising and glorifying Allah, may He be exalt ed, t hen let him send Salah upon t he Prophet , and aft er t hat let him make supplicat ion as he wishes.)''

The Virtue of saying Salah upon the Prophet Anot her Hadit h At -Tirmidhi recorded t hat Ubayy bin Ka` b said: "When t wo t hirds of t he night had passed, t he Messenger of Allah would get up and say,

れ ͡ ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ∩∠ぶや やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや ∩∠ぶや やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ゅ∠Α» ∩͡ヮΒ͡プ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ∩⊥るプ∠ キ͡ やｚゲャや ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ ら∠ ∇わゎ∠ る⊥ ヘ∠ ィ ͡ やｚゲャや «ヮΒ͡プ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ (O people, remember Allah, remember Allah, t he first blast of t he Trumpet has come and will be followed by t he second blast , deat h has come wit h all it s horrors, deat h has come wit h all it s horrors.)'' Ubayy said, "I said, ` O Messenger of Allah, I send a lot of Salah upon you, how much of my prayer should be Salah upon you' He said,

«ろ∇ゃセ ͡ ゅ∠ョ» (What ever you want .) I said, ` A quart er' He said,

«マ∠ャ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ れ ∠ ∇キコ͡ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩∠ろ∇ゃセ ͡ ゅ∠ョ» (What ever you want , but if you increase it , it will be bet t er for you.) I said, ` Half' He said,

«マ∠ャ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ れ ∠ ∇キコ͡ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩∠ろ∇ゃセ ͡ ゅ∠ョ» (What ever you want , but if you increase it , it will be bet t er for you.) I said, ` Two t hirds' He said,

«マ∠ャ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ れ ∠ ∇キコ͡ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩∠ろ∇ゃセ ͡ ゅ∠ョ» (What ever you want , but if you increase it , it will be bet t er for you.) I said, ` Should I make my whole prayer for you' He said,

«マ⊥ら∇ルク∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ピΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∠マヨぁ ワ∠ ヴ∠ヘ∇ムゎ⊥ ∇ラク∠ ま͡» (This would be sufficient t o relieve your dist ress and earn you forgiveness of your sins.)'' Then he said: "This is a Hasan Hadit h.''

Another Hadith Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Talhah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah came one day looking happy. They said, "O Messenger of Allah, we see t hat you look happy.'' He said,

ラ ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ Β͡ッ∇ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ ギ⊥ ｚヨエ ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠Α :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡ルゅ∠ゎぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡» ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヶあヤダ ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ⊥ あヤジ ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩や⇔ゲ∇ゼハ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βｚヤタ ∠ ゅｚャま͡ マ ∠ わ͡ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ «ヴ∠ヤよ∠ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∩や⇔ゲ∇ゼハ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨｚヤシ ∠ ゅｚャま͡ マ ∠ わ͡ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ (The angel came t o me and t old me, "O Muhammad, would it not please you if your Lord, may He be glorified, says: ` No member of your Ummah sends Salah upon you but I send Salah upon him t enfold, and no member of your Ummah sends greet ings of Salam upon you but I send greet ings of Salam upon him t enfold''' I said, "Of course.'') This was also recorded by An-Nasa'i.

Another Chain of Narration Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Talhah Al-Ansari said: "One morning t he Messenger of Allah was in a cheerful mood and looked happy. They said, ` O Messenger of Allah, t his morning you are in a cheerful mood and look happy.' He said,

∇リョ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ∇リョ͡ れ ∃ へ ヶ͡ルゅ∠ゎぺ∠ ∇モィ ∠ ぺ∠» ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ∩⇔りゅ∠ヤタ ∠ マ ∠ わ͡ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴｚヤタ ∠

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ノ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∃れゅゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゅ∠エョ∠ ヱ∠ れ ∃ ゅ∠レジ ∠ェ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼハ ∠ «ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇んョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ キｚ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∃れゅ∠ィケ∠ キ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼハ ∠ (Of course j ust now someone ぴan angelび came t o me from my Lord and said, "Whoever among your Ummah sends Salah upon you, Allah will record for him t en good deeds and will erase for him t en evil deeds, and will raise his st at us by t en degrees, and will ret urn his greet ing wit h somet hing similar t o it .'')'' This is also a good chain, alt hough t hey (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) did not report it .

Another Hadith Muslim, Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "The Messenger of Allah said:

ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヴｚヤタ ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴｚヤタ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «や⇔ゲ∇ゼハ ∠ (Whoever sends one Salah upon me, Allah will send t en upon him.) At -Tirmidhi said: "This is a Sahih Hasan Hadit h. On t he same t opic, narrat ions come from ` Abdur-Rahman bin ` Awf, ` Amir bin Rabi` ah, ` Ammar, Abu Talhah, Anas and Ubayy bin Ka` b.''

Another Hadith Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Prophet said:

ヶ ∠ ャ͡ ぶ ∠ や やヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∀りゅ∠ミコ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ͡み∠プ ∩ｚヶヤ∠ハ ∠ やヲぁヤタ ∠ » ゅ∠ヰャ⊥ゅ∠レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∇ハぺ∠ ヶ͡プ る∀ ィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∠るヤ∠Β͡シヲ∠ ∇ャや «ヲ⊥ワ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∀モィ ⊥ ケ∠ ゅｚャま͡ (Send Salah upon me, for t his is Zakah for you, and ask Allah t o grant me Al-Wasilah, for it is a posit ion in t he highest part of Paradise which only one man will at t ain, and I hope t hat I will be t he one.) This was recorded only by Ahmad

Another Hadith Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Al-Husayn bin ` Ali said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

«ヶ∠ヤハ ∠ あモダ ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ れ ⊥ ∇ゲミ͡ ク⊥ ∇リョ∠ モ ⊥ Β͡ガら∠ ∇ャや»

(The miser is t he one in whose presence I am ment ioned, t hen he does not send Salah upon me.) Abu Sa` id said:

«ヶ∠ヤハ ∠ あモダ ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ » (...and he does not send Salah upon me.) This was also recorded by At -Tirmidhi, who t hen said: "This Hadit h is Hasan Gharib, Sahih.''

Another Hadith At -Tirmidhi recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said: "The Messenger of Allah said:

∩ｚヶヤ∠ハ ∠ あモダ ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ れ ⊥ ∇ゲミ͡ ク⊥ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ブ ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ユ∠ ビ ͡ ケ∠ » ｚユを⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ツョ∠ ケ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ヰセ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ブ ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ユ∠ ビ ͡ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ケ∠ ∇キぺ∠ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ブ ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ユ∠ ビ ͡ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ピΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ オ ∠ ヤ∠ジ ∠ ∇ルや «るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ロ⊥ ゅ∠ヤカ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ゲ∠ ら∠ ム͡ ∇ャや ロ⊥ や∠ヲよ∠ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ (May he be humiliat ed, t he man in whose presence I am ment ioned and he does not send Salah upon me; may he be humiliat ed, t he man who sees t he mont h of Ramadan come and go, and he is not forgiven; may he be humiliat ed, t he man whose parent s live t o old age and t hey do not cause him t o be grant ed admit t ance t o Paradise.)'' Then he (At -Tirmidhi) said: "Hasan Gharib.''

Occasions for saying Salah upon Him It is report ed t hat we should send blessings upon him on many occasions, such as following t he call t o prayer, as in t he Hadit h recorded by Imam Ahmad from ` Abdullah bin ` Amr bin Al-` As, who said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah say:

やヲぁヤタ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥メヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨヤ∠∇んョ͡ やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボプ∠ ゅ⇔ルクあ ぽ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ や∠クま͡» ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヴｚヤタ ∠ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴｚヤタ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩ｚヶヤ∠ハ ∠ ヶ͡プ る∀ ャ∠ゴ͡ ∇レョ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∠るヤ∠Β͡シヲ∠ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ ャ͡ ぶ ∠ や やヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩や⇔ゲ∇ゼハ ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶや キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ギ∃ ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ヶ͡ピら∠ ∇レゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろヤｚェ ∠ る∠ ヤ∠Β͡シヲ∠ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ ャ͡ メ ∠ ほ∠シ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ヲワ⊥ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ «る∠ハゅ∠ヘゼ ｚ ャや (When you hear t he Mu'adhdhin, repeat what he says, t hen send Salah upon me, for whoever sends Salah upon me, Allah will send Salah upon him t enfold. Then ask Allah t o grant me AlWasilah, which is a st at us in Paradise t o which only one of t he servant s of Allah will be ent it led, and I hope t hat I will be t he one. Whoever asks Allah for Al-Wasilah for me, it will be permit t ed for me t o int ercede for him.) This was recorded by Muslim, Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i. Ot her occasions when we should send Salah upon t he Prophet include when ent ering or exit ing t he Masj id, because of t he Hadit h recorded by Imam Ahmad from Fat imah, t he daught er of t he Messenger of Allah who said: "When t he Messenger of Allah ent ered t he Masj id, he would send Salah and Salam upon Muhammad, and say,

ゆ ∠ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ヶ͡ャ ∇ウわ∠ ∇プや∠ヱ ヶ͡よヲ⊥ルク⊥ ヶ͡ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや» «マ͡わヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ (O Allah, forgive me my sins and open for me t he gat es of Your mercy) When he exit ed, he would send Salah and Salam upon Muhammad, and say,

ゆ ∠ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ヶ͡ャ ∇ウわ∠ ∇プや∠ヱ ヶ͡よヲ⊥ルク⊥ ヶ͡ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや» «マ͡ヤ∇ツプ∠ (O Allah, forgive me my sins and open for me t he gat es of Your bount y.)'' We should also send Salah upon him during t he Funeral prayer. The Sunnah is t o recit e Surat Al-Fat ihah following t he first Takbir, t o send Salah upon t he Prophet during t he second Takbir, t o make supplicat ion for t he deceased during t he t hird Takbir, and in t he fourt h Takbir t o say, "O Allah, do not deprive us of his reward, and do not t est us aft er him.'' Ash-Shafi` i, may Allah have mercy on him, recorded t hat Abu Umamah bin Sahl bin Hunayf was t old by one of t he Companions of t he Prophet t hat t he Sunnah in t he funeral prayer is for t he Imam t o pronounce t he Takbir, t hen t o recit e Surat Al-Fat ihah silent ly aft er t he first Takbir, t hen t o send Salah upon t he Prophet t hen t o offer sincere supplicat ion for t he deceased, but not t o recit e any Qur'an in any of t he Takbirs, t hen t o conclude by saying Salam silent ly. An-Nasa'i also recorded t his from Abu Umamah, who said, "This is from t he Sunnah,'' and he ment ioned it . According t o t he correct view, such a st at ement report ed from a Companion carries t he ruling of Marfu`

It is recommended to conclude supplications with Salah upon the Prophet . At -Tirmidhi recorded t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said: "A supplicat ion remains suspended bet ween heaven and eart h and does not ascend any furt her unt il you send Salah upon your Prophet .'' This was also narrat ed by Mu` adh bin Al-Harit h from Abu Qurrah from Sa` id bin AlMusayyib from ` Umar, as a saying of t he Prophet . It was also recorded by Razin bin Mu` awiyah in his book, where he also at t ribut ed it t o t he Prophet report ing t hat he said:

ゅ∠ャ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∀フヲ⊥ホ∇ヲ∠ョ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ハギぁ ャや» ゲ͡ ∇ヨピ⊥ ミ∠ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩ｚヶヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴｚヤダ ∠ Α⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡ へ∠ヱ ￢͡ ゅ∠ハギぁ ャや メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ∩ｚヶヤ∠ハ ∠ やヲぁヤタ ∠ ∩͡ょミ͡ やｚゲャや «ヮ∠トシ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ (A supplicat ion remains suspended bet ween heaven and eart h and does not ascend any furt her unt il a person sends Salah on me. Do not t reat me like a spare wat er cont ainer, send Salah upon me at t he beginning of your supplicat ion, at t he end and in t he middle.) hSending Salah upon t he Prophet is even more st rongly encouraged in t he Qunut supplicat ion. Ahmad, t he Sunan compilers, Ibn Khuzaymah, Ibn Hibban and Al-Hakim recorded t hat Al-Hasan bin ` Ali, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "The Messenger of Allah t aught me some words t o say during Al-Wit r:

∇リヨ∠ Β͡プ ヶ͡レプ͡ ゅ∠ハヱ∠ ∩∠ろ∇Αギ∠ ワ∠ ∇リヨ∠ Β͡プ ヶ͡ルギ͡ ∇ワや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや» ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ヶ͡ャ ∇ポケ͡ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ∩∠ろ∇Βャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇リヨ∠ Β͡プ ヶ͡レャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ろ∇Βプ∠ ゅ∠ハ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヶ͡ツ∇ボ∠ゎ マ ∠ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∠ろ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゲｚ セ ∠ ヶ͡レホ͡ ヱ∠ ∩∠ろ∇Βト ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ゴぁ バ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠ろ∇Βャ∠や∠ヱ ∇リョ∠ メ ぁ グ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ツ∇ボΑ⊥ «ろ∇Βャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ミケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ∩∠ろ∇Αキ∠ ゅ∠ハ ∇リョ∠ ("O Allah, guide me along wit h t hose whom You have guided, grant me healt h along wit h t hose t o whom You have grant ed healt h, be an ally t o me along wit h t hose t o whom You are an ally, and bless me for t hat which You have best owed. Prot ect me from t he evil You have decreed, for verily You decree and none can decree over You. Verily, he whom You show allegiance t o is never abased and he whom You t ake as an enemy is never honored and might y, O our Lord, blessed and Exalt ed are You.'')'' In his Sunan, An-Nasa'i has t he addit ion,

«ギｚヨエ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヴｚヤタ ∠ ヱ∠ » ("and may Allah bless Muhammad.'') at t he end of t his Qunut . It is also recommended t o say plent y of Salah upon him on Friday and on t he eve of Friday. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Aws bin Aws At h-Thaqafi, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "The Messenger of Allah said:

ュ⊥ キ∠ へ ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∩͡るバ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ョ͡ ゅｚΑぺ∠ モ ͡ツ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ » ∩⊥る∠ボ∇バダ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ Β͡プヱ∠ ∩⊥るガ ∠ ∇ヘレｚ ャや ヮ͡ Β͡プヱ∠ ∩∠ヂら͡ ホ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩͡ヮΒ͡プ り͡ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ やヱ⊥ゲん͡ ∇ミほ∠プ∠ «ヶ∠ヤハ ∠ る∀ ッ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バョ∠ (One of t he best of your days is Friday; on t his day Adam was creat ed and died, on t his day t he Trumpet (Sur) will be blown and all will have swoon away. So on t his day send plent y of Salah upon me, for your Salah will be present ed t o me.) They said, ` O Messenger of Allah, how will t hey be shown t o you aft er your body has dispersed int o t he eart h' He said,

キ∠ ゅ∠ジ∇ィぺ∠ モ ∠ ミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» «￢ゅΒ∠ ら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや (Allah has forbidden t he eart h t o consume t he bodies of t he Prophet s. )'' This was also recorded by Abu Dawud, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah, and it was graded Sahih by Ibn Khuzaymah, Ibn Hibban, Ad-Daraqut ni and An-Nawawi in Al-Adhkar.

ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ク∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ゅ⇔レΒ͡ヰョぁ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ わ∠ ∇ミや ゅ∠ョ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ク∇ぽΑ⊥ び ゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁ ゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠わ∇ヰよ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ わ∠ ∇ェや ギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ (57. Verily, t hose who annoy Allah and His Messenger, Allah has cursed t hem in t his world and in t he Hereaft er, and has prepared for t hem a humiliat ing t orment .) (58. And t hose who annoy believing men and women undeservedly, t hey bear t he crime of slander and plain sin.)

Whoever annoys Allah and His Messenger , is cursed in this World and the Hereafter Here, Allah warns and t hreat ens t hose who annoy Him by going against His commands and doing t hat which He has forbidden, and who persist in doing so, and t hose who annoy His Messenger by accusing him of having fault s or short comings -- Allah forbid. ` Ikrimah said t hat t he Ayah:

び⊥ヮ∠ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ク∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who annoy Allah and His Messenger,) was revealed concerning t hose who make pict ures or images. In The Two Sahihs, it is report ed t hat Abu Hurayrah said: "The Messenger of Allah said:

ぁょジ ⊥ Α∠ ∩∠ュキ∠ へ リ ⊥ ∇よや ヶ͡レΑ͡ク∇ぽΑ⊥ :モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » «ロ∠ケゅ∠ヰル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ょ ⊥ あヤホ∠ ぺ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ワｚギャや ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ワギｚ ャや (Allah says: "The son of Adam annoys Me by inveighing against t ime, but I am t ime, for I cause t he alt ernat ion of night and day.'')'' The meaning of t his Hadit h is t hat in t he Jahiliyyah t hey used t o say, "How bad t ime is, it has done such and such t o us!'' They used t o at t ribut e t he deeds of Allah t o t ime, and inveigh against it , but t he One Who did t hat was Allah, may He be exalt ed. So, He forbade t hem from t his. Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah,

び⊥ヮ∠ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ク∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who annoy Allah and His Messenger, ) was revealed about t hose who slandered t he Prophet over his marriage t o Safiyyah bint Huyay bin Akht ab. The Ayah appears t o be general in meaning and t o apply t o all t hose who annoy him in any way, because whoever annoys him annoys Allah, j ust as whoever obeys him obeys Allah.

The Threat to Those Who fabricate Slander

ゅ∠ョ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ク∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ わ∠ ∇ミや (And t hose who annoy believing men and women undeservedly,) means, t hey at t ribut e t o t hem t hings of which t hey are innocent , which t hey do not know and do not do.

び⇔ゅレΒ͡らョぁ ゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠わ∇ヰよ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∠わ∇ェや ギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t hey bear t he crime of slander and plain sin.) This is t he most serious slander, t o t ell or t ransmit t hings about t he believing men and women t hat t hey have not done, in order t o bring shame upon t hem and accuse t hem of short comings. Among t hose t o whom t he descript ion most applies are t hose who disbelieve in Allah and His Messengers, followed by t he Rafidit es who accuse t he Companions of short comings and fault s of which Allah has st at ed t hat t hey are innocent , and describe t hem as t he opposit e of what Allah has said about t hem. Allah, may He be exalt ed, has t old us t hat He is pleased wit h t he Migrant s and Ansar, and has praised t hem, but t hese foolish and ignorant people inveigh against t hem and accuse t hem of short comings, and say t hings about t hem t hat t hey did not do and could never have done. In realit y, t heir

heart s are misguided, for t hey condemn t hose who deserve praise and praise t hose who deserve condemnat ion. Abu Dawud recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat it was said: "O Messenger of Allah, what is backbit ing (Ghibah)'' He said,

«ロ∠ゲ∇ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ポ ∠ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ミク͡ » (It is when you ment ion somet hing about your brot her t hat he dislikes. ) It was asked, "But what if what I say about my brot her is t rue'' He said,

∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮわ∠ ∇らわ∠ ∇ビや ギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラま͡» «ヮｚわヰ∠ よ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ (If it is t rue, t hen you have commit t ed backbit ing (Ghibah) about him, and if it is not t rue, t hen you have slandered him.) This was also recorded by At -Tirmidhi, who said, "Hasan Sahih.''

￢͡ べ∠ジル͡ ヱ∠ マ ∠ わ͡ ⇒∠レよ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コΙ ６ モ⊥ホ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク リ ｚ ヰ͡ ら͡ Βら͡ ⇒∠ヤィ ∠ リ͡ョ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ル∇ギΑ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ リ ∠ ∇Αク∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ ∇プゲ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∀チ∠ゲョｚ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ わ∠ レ∠Α ∇ユャｚ リ͡ゃャｚ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ レｚ Α∠ ゲ͡ ∇ピレ⊥ ャ∠ る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘィ ͡ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヘボ͡ を⊥ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∠リΒ͡ルヲ⊥バ∇ヤョｚ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ マ ∠ ル∠ ヱ⊥ケヱ͡ ゅ∠イΑ⊥ ∇や∇ヲヤ∠カ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ レｚ シ ⊥ -Κ ⇔ Β͡わ∇ボゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわあ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ͡ ぺ⊥ びΚ ⇔ Α͡ギ∇らゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ レｚ ジ ⊥ ャ͡ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ (59. O Prophet ! Tell your wives and your daught ers and t he women of t he believers t o draw t heir Jalabib over t heir bodies. That will be bet t er t hat t hey should be known so as not t o be annoyed. And Allah is Ever Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (60. If t he hypocrit es and t hose in whose heart s is a disease, and t hose who spread false news among t he people in Al-Madinah st op not , We shall cert ainly let you overpower t hem, t hen t hey will not be able t o st ay in it as your neighbors but a lit t le while.) (61. Accursed, t hey shall be seized wherever found, and killed wit h a (t errible) slaught er.) (62. That was t he way of Allah in t he case of t hose who passed away of old, and you will not find any change in t he way of Allah.)

The Command of Hijab Here Allah t ells His Messenger t o command t he believing women -- especially his wives and daught ers, because of t heir posit ion of honor -- t o draw t heir Jilbabs over t heir bodies, so t hat t hey will be dist inct in t heir appearance from t he women of t he Jahiliyyah and from slave women. The Jilbab is a Rida', worn over t he Khimar. This was t he view of Ibn Mas` ud, ` Ubaydah, Qat adah, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, ` At a' AlKhurasani and ot hers. It is like t he Izar used t oday. Al-Jawhari said: "The Jilbab is t he out er wrapper. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Allah commanded t he believing women, when t hey went out of t heir houses for some need, t o cover t heir faces from above t heir heads wit h t he Jilbab, leaving only one eye showing. Muhammad bin Sirin said, "I asked ` Ubaydah As-Salmani about t he Ayah:

びｚリヰ͡ ら͡ Β͡ら⇒∠ヤィ ∠ リ͡ョ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ル∇ギΑ⊥ ぴ (t o draw t heir Jalabib over t heir bodies.) He covered his face and head, wit h j ust his left eye showing.''

び∠リ∇Αク∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ ∇プゲ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (That will be bet t er t hat t hey should be known so as not t o be annoyed. ) means, if t hey do t hat , it will be known t hat t hey are free, and t hat t hey are not servant s or whores.

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah is Ever Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) means, wit h regard t o what happened previously during t he days of Jahiliyyah, when t hey did not have any knowledge about t his.

A Stern Warning to the Evil Hypocrites Then Allah issues a warning t o t he hypocrit es, t hose who make an out ward display of fait h while concealing t heir disbelief,

び∀チゲ∠ ョｚ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヶ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (t hose in whose heart s is a disease,) ` Ikrimah and ot hers said t hat t his refers t o adult erers in t his inst ance.

び͡るレ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘィ ͡ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and t hose who spread false news among t he people in Al-Madinah) means, t hose who say t hat t he enemy has come and war has st art ed, which is a lie and a fabricat ion. Unless t hey give up t hese act ions and ret urn t o t he t rut h,

び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ レｚ Α∠ ゲ͡ ∇ピレ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (We shall cert ainly let you overpower t hem,) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "We will give you power over t hem.'' Qat adah said: "We will incit e you against t hem.'' As-Suddi said: "We will inform you about t hem.''

びべ∠ヰΒ͡プ マ ∠ ル∠ ヱ⊥ケヱ͡ ゅ∠イΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen t hey will not be able t o st ay in it ) means, in Al-Madinah,

び∠リΒ͡ルヲ⊥バ∇ヤョｚ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (but a lit t le while. Accursed...) ` t his describes t heir st at e while t hey are in Al-Madinah for t his short t ime before t hey are expelled and sent far away.'

び∇やヱ⊥グカ ͡ ぺ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヘボ͡ を⊥ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ぴ (t hey shall be seized wherever found,) means, ` t hey will be at t acked, because t hey are so weak and so few,'

び⇔ΚΒ͡わ∇ボゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわあ ホ⊥ ∠ヱぴ (and killed wit h a (t errible) slaught er.) Then Allah says:

び⊥モ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇や∇ヲヤ∠カ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ レｚ シ ⊥ぴ (That was t he way of Allah in t he case of t hose who passed away of old,) meaning, t his is how Allah dealt wit h t he hypocrit es when t hey persist ed in hypocrisy and disbelief and did not give it up; He incit ed t he believers against t hem and caused t hem t o prevail over t hem.

び⇔ΚΑ͡ギ∇らゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ レｚ ジ ⊥ ャ͡ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (and you will not find any change in t he way of Allah.) means, t he way in which Allah deals wit h t his does not alt er or change.

ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや リ ͡ハ ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや マ ∠ ヤ⊥⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ ぴ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ゅ⇔らΑ͡ゲホ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや モ ｚ バ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ Α͡ケ∇ギΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ - や⇔ゲΒ͡バシ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや リ ∠ バ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや

ょ ⊥ ｚヤボ∠ ゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι ｚ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ゅ∠レ∇バ∠デ∠ぺ べ∠レ∠わ∇Β∠ヤΑ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ゅ∠レゎ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠シ ゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ べｚル͡ま べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ - Ι ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βヘ∠ ∇バッ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ や∠￢ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ - ∇ΚΒ͡らジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ルヲぁヤッ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ へ∠ゲら∠ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ び や⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゅ⇔レ∇バャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レバ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ͡ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ (63. People ask you concerning t he Hour, say: "The knowledge of it is wit h Allah only. What do you know It may be t hat t he Hour is near!'') (64. Verily, Allah has cursed t he disbelievers, and has prepared for t hem a flaming Fire.) (65. Wherein t hey will abide forever, and t hey will find neit her a a prot ect or nor a helper.) (66. On t he Day when t heir faces will be t urned over in t he Fire, t hey will say: "Oh, would t hat we had obeyed Allah and obeyed t he Messenger.'') (67. And t hey will say: "Our Lord! Verily, we obeyed our chiefs and our great ones, and t hey misled us from t he way.'') (68. "Our Lord! Give t hem double t orment and curse t hem wit h a might y curse!'')

No One knows when the Day of Resurrection will come except Allah Here Allah t ells His Messenger t hat he cannot know when t he Hour will come, and if people ask him about t hat , He inst ruct s him t o refer t he mat t er t o Allah, may He be exalt ed, as Allah says in Surat Al-A` raf, even t hough t hat was revealed in Makkah and t his Surah was revealed in AlMadinah. Allah cont inues t o t ell him t o refer t his mat t er t o t he One Who knows about it , but He t ells him t hat it is at hand, as He says:

び⇔ゅらΑ͡ゲホ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや モ ｚ バ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ Α͡ケ∇ギΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (What do you know It may be t hat t he Hour is near!) This is like t he Ayat :

び ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ペ ｚゼ ∠ ルや∠ヱ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ろ ͡ よ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホやぴ (The Hour has drawn near, and t he moon has been cleft asunder.) ぴ54:1び

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョぁ る∃ ヤ∠∇ヘビ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ ⇒∠ジェ ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホやぴ び (Draws near for mankind t heir reckoning, while t hey t urn away in heedlessness.) ぴ21:1び

び⊥ロヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∠ぺぴ

(The Event (t he Hour) ordained by Allah will come t o pass, so seek not t o hast en it ) ぴ16:1び.

The Curse on the Disbelievers and its Eternity and their Regret Then Allah says:

び∠リΑ͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや リ ∠ バ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah has cursed t he disbelievers,) means, He has dist anced t hem from His mercy.

び⇔やゲΒ͡バシ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and has prepared for t hem a flaming Fire (Hell).) means, in t he Hereaft er. e

び⇔やギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カぴ (Wherein t hey will abide forever,) means, t hey will st ay t here forever and ever, never leaving or finding relief from it .

び⇔やゲΒ͡ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι ｚぴ (and t hey will find neit her a a prot ect or nor a helper.) means, t hey will have no saviour t o help t hem or rescue t hem from t heir predicament . Then Allah says:

べ∠レわ∠ ∇Βヤ∠Α ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ょ ⊥ ｚヤボ∠ ゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ びΙ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ゅ∠レ∇バ∠デ∠ぺ (On t he Day when t heir faces will be t urned over in t he Fire, t hey will say: "Oh, would t hat we had obeyed Allah and obeyed t he Messenger.'') means, t hey will be dragged int o t he Fire on t heir faces and t heir faces will be cont ort ed in Hell, and in t hat st at e t hey will wish t hat t hey had been among t hose who had obeyed Allah and His Messenger in t his world. Allah describes how t hey will be in t he Hereaft er:

ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βヤ∠Α メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ヂ ぁ バ∠ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇グガ ͡ ゎｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠わ∠ヤ∇Α∠ヲΑ - Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ れ ⊥ ∇グガ ∠ ｚゎや びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤカ ∠ ゅ⇔ル∠Κプ⊥

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヴ͡ル￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ミグあ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヴ͡レヤｚッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ びΙ ⇔ ヱ⊥グカ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΘ ͡ ャ͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや (And t he Day when t he wrongdoer will bit e at his hands, he will say: "Oh! Would t hat I had t aken a pat h wit h t he Messenger. Ah! Woe t o me! Would t hat I had never t aken so-and-so as an int imat e friend! He indeed led me ast ray from t he Reminder aft er it had come t o me. And Shayt an is t o man ever a desert er in t he hour of need.'') (25:27-29)

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キぁ ヲ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨよ∠ ケぁ ぴ (How much would t hose who disbelieved wish t hat t hey had been Muslims.) (15:2) And here t oo, Allah t ells us t hat when t hey are in t his st at e, t hey will wish t hat t hey had obeyed Allah and His Messenger in t his world:

ゅ∠ルヲぁヤッ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ へ∠ゲら∠ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ゎ∠キゅ∠シ ゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ べｚル͡ま べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び ∇ΚΒ͡らジ ｚ ャや (And t hey will say: "Our Lord! Verily, we obeyed our chiefs and our great ones, and t hey misled us from t he way.'') Tawus said: " ` Our chiefs' means t heir nobles and ` our great ones' means t heir scholars.''

び͡ゆや∠グバ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βヘ∠ ∇バッ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ や∠￢ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! Give t hem double t orment ) means, ` for t heir disbelief and because t hey mislead us.' Abu Al-Qasim At -Tabarani recorded from Abu Rafi` t hat among t he names of t hose who fought wit h ` Ali, may Allah be pleased wit h him, was Al-Haj j aj bin ` Amr bin Ghaziyah, and he was t he one who, when t hey met , said; "O people of t he Ansar! Do you want t o say when we meet our Lord:

ゅ∠ルヲぁヤッ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ へ∠ゲら∠ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ゎ∠キゅ∠シ ゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ べｚル͡ま べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レバ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βヘ∠ ∇バッ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ や∠￢ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ - ∇ΚΒ͡らジ ｚ ャや び や⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゅ⇔レ∇バャ∠ (Our Lord! Verily, we obeyed our chiefs and our great ones, and t hey misled us from t he way. Our Lord! Give t hem double t orment and curse t hem wit h a might y curse!)''

∇や∇ヱク∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ゅ⇔ヰΒ͡ィヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅｚヨ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ロ⊥ ぺ∠ｚゲら∠プ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ び (69. O you who believe! Be not like t hose who annoyed Musa, but Allah cleared him of t hat which t hey alleged, and he was honorable before Allah.)

The Fabrications of the Jews against Musa Al-Bukhari recorded in t he Book of Hadit hs about t he Prophet s, t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ゅ∠ャ や⇔ゲΒあわシ ͡ ゅ６ΒΒ͡ ェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ラ ｚ ま͡» ロ⊥ や∠クへ ∇リョ∠ ロ⊥ や∠クべ∠プ ∩⊥ヮ∇レョ͡ ￢⇔ ゅ∠Β∇エわ͡ ∇シや ∀￢∇ヶ∠セ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヤィ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ン∠ゲΑ⊥ ゅｚャま͡ ゲ∠ わぁ ジ ∠ わｚ ャや や∠グワ∠ ゲ⊥ わｚ ジ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ョ :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ モ ∠ Β͡もや∠ゲ∇シま͡ ヶ͡レよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ ∀り∠ケ∇キぺ⊥ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ ソ ∀ ゲ∠ よ∠ ゅｚョ͡ま ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヤィ ͡ ヶ͡プ ょ ∃ ∇Βハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅｚヨ͡ョ ヮ⊥ も∠ ゲあ ら∠ Α⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ .∀る∠プへ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠Βを͡ ノ∠ ヤ∠ガ ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤガ ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨャ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠Βを͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ホぺ∠ パ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∩∠モ∠ジ∠わ∇ビや ｚユを⊥ ゲ∃ イ ∠ェ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ヲん∠ よ͡ や∠ギハ ∠ ゲ∠ イ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワグ∠ カ ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ͡ ∩⊥ゲイ ∠ェ ∠ ヶ͡よ∇ヲを∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ イ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ヤ∠デ ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠ダハ ∠ ヶ͡レよ∠ ∇リョ͡ み∃ヤ∠ョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ∠ヰわ∠ ∇ルや ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∩⊥ゲイ ∠ェ ∠ ヶ͡よ∇ヲを∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠Α∇ゲハ ⊥ ロ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ゲ∠ プ∠ ∩∠モΒ͡もや∠ゲ∇シま͡ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∩⊥ゲ∠イ∠エ∇ャや ュ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∩∠ラヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ロ⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ｚモィ ∠ ヱ∠

∩⊥ロゅ∠ダバ∠ よ͡ ゅ⇔よ∇ゲッ ∠ ゲ͡ イ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ペ ∠ ヘ͡ デ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮジ ∠ ら͡ ヤ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ∇ヲを∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ゲッ ∠ ゲ͡ を∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅよ⇔ ギ∠ レ∠ ャ∠ ゲ͡ イ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ｚ ま͡ ぶ ͡ や∠ヲプ∠ :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱク∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ゅ⇔ヰΒ͡ィヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅｚヨ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ロ⊥ ぺ∠ｚゲら∠プ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ «び (Musa, peace be upon him, was a shy and modest man who would never show anyt hing of his skin because of his shyness. Some of t he Children of Israel annoyed him by saying: "He only keeps himself covered because of some defect in his skin, eit her leprosy or scrot al hernia or some ot her defect .'' Allah, may He be glorified, want ed t o clear Musa, peace be upon him, of what t hey were saying. One day Musa was alone, so he t ook off his garment and put it on a rock, t hen he t ook a bat h. When he had finished, he t urned back t o pick up his garment , but t he rock moved away, t aking his garment wit h it . Musa picked up his st ick and chased t he rock, saying, "My garment , O rock! My garment , O rock!'' Unt il he reached a group of t he Children of Israel, who saw him naked and found t hat he was t he best of t hose whom Allah had creat ed. Thus he was cleared of what t hey had said about him. Then t he rock st ood st ill, so he t ook his garment and put it on. He st art ed hit t ing t he rock wit h his st ick, and by Allah, t he marks of t hat beat ing were left on t he rock, t hree or four or five. This is what is referred t o in t he Ayah: (O you who believe! Be not like t hose who annoyed Musa, but Allah cleared him of t hat which t hey alleged, and he was honorable before Allah.)) This Hadit h is one of t hose which were recorded by Al-Bukhari but not Muslim. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah (bin Mas` ud) said: "One day, t he Messenger of Allah dist ribut ed some boot y and a man among t he Ansar said, ` This division was not done for t he sake of Allah.' I said, ` O enemy of Allah! I am going t o t ell t he Messenger of Allah what you have said.' So, I t old t he Prophet about it . His face reddened and he said,

や∠グワ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミほ∠よ͡ ヵ ∠ ク͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や る⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ » «ゲ∠らダ ∠ プ∠ (May Allah have mercy on Musa. He was annoyed wit h worse t han t his, yet he remained pat ient .)'' This was recorded in t he Two Sahihs.

び⇔ゅヰΒ͡ィヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and he was honorable before Allah. ) means, he had a posit ion of st at us and honor before his Lord, may He be exalt ed and glorified. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said: "His supplicat ions would be

answered by Allah.'' Some of t hem said t hat part of his great st anding before Allah was t hat he int erceded for his brot her Harun, asking Allah t o send him wit h him as a Messenger, and Allah grant ed his request and said:

び ゅ⇔Β∂ ら͡ ル∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ ロ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ べ∠レわ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らワ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We grant ed him his brot her Harun, (also) a Prophet , out of Our mercy.) (19:53)

や⇔ギΑ͡ギシ ∠ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ウヤ͡∇ダΑ⊥ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔コ∇ヲプ∠ コ∠ ゅ∠プ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ノ͡ ト ͡ Α⊥ (70. O you who believe! Have Taqwa of Allah and speak (always) t he t rut h.) (71. He will direct you t o do right eous good deeds and will forgive you your sins. And whosoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, he has indeed achieved a great vict ory.)

The Command to the Believers to have Taqwa and speak the Truth Here Allah commands His servant s t o have Taqwa of Him, worshipping Him as if t hey can see Him, and t o

び⇔やギΑ͡ギシ ∠ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ぴ (speak (always) t he t rut h.) meaning, t o speak in a st raight forward manner, wit h no crookedness or dist ort ion. He promises t hem t hat if t hey do t hat , He will reward t hem by making t heir deeds right eous, i.e., enabling t hem t o do right eous deeds, and He will forgive t hem t heir past sins. Wit h regard t o what ever sins t hey may commit in t he fut ure, He will inspire t hem t o repent from t hem. Then He says:

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔コ∇ヲプ∠ コ∠ ゅ∠プ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ノ͡ ト ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, he has indeed achieved a great vict ory.) meaning, he will be saved from t he fire of Hell and will enj oy everlast ing delight s (in Paradise).

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョΙ ｘ や ゅ∠レ∇ッゲ∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ヨ∠ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ リ ∠ ∇ボヘ∠ ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰレ∠ ∇ヤヨ͡ ∇エΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ほ∠プ メ ͡ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ∠ グあ バ∠ Β⊥ ャあ - Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥ヰィ ∠ ゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ヤニ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡や

ろ ͡ ⇒∠ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ヱ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ (72. Truly, We did offer t he Amanah t o t he heavens and t he eart h, and t he mount ains, but t hey declined t o bear it and were afraid of it . But man bore it . Verily, he was unj ust and ignorant .) (73. So t hat Allah will punish t he hypocrit es, men and women, and t he men and women who are idolat ors. And Allah will pardon t he believers, men and women. And Allah is Ever Oft Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

How Man bore the Amanah Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Al-Amanah means obedience. This was offered t o t hem before it was offered t o Adam, and t hey could not bear it . Then Allah said t o Adam: ` I have offered t he Amanah t o t he heavens and t he eart h and t he mount ains, and t hey could not bear it . Will you t ake it on' He said, ` O Lord, what does it involve' He said, ` If you do good, you will be rewarded, and if you do evil, you will be punished.' So Adam t ook t he Amanah and bore it , and t his is what is referred t o in t he Ayah:

び⇔Ιヲヰ⊥ ィ ∠ ゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ヤニ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡ や ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ヨ∠ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (But man bore it . Verily, he was unj ust and ignorant .)'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Al-Amanah means Al-Fara'id (t he obligat ory dut ies). Allah offered t hem t o t he heavens and t he eart h and t he mount ains, (on t he grounds t hat ) if t hey fulfilled t hem, He would reward t hem; and if t hey failed, He would punish t hem. But t hey did not want t o do t hat , and t hey were afraid of it , not because t heir int ent ion was sinful, but because of t heir respect for t he religion of Allah, in case t hey could not fulfill t he obligat ions involved. Then Allah offered it t o Adam, and he accept ed it wit h all t hat it ent ailed. This is what is referred t o in t he Ayah:

び⇔Ιヲ⊥ヰィ ∠ ゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ヤニ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡ や ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ヨ∠ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (But man bore it . Verily, he was unj ust and ignorant . ) meaning, he underest imat ed t he command of Allah.'' This was also t he view of Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and ot hers t hat Al-Amanah means Al-Fara'id. Ot hers said t hat it meant obedience. AlA` mash narrat ed from Abu Ad-Duha from Masruq t hat Ubayy bin Ka` b said: "Part of Al-Amanah means t hat woman was ent rust ed wit h her own chast it y.'' Qat adah said: "Al-Amanah means religion, obligat ory dut ies and prescribed punishment s.'' Malik narrat ed t hat Zayd bin Aslam said: "Al-Amanah means t hree t hings: prayer, fast ing and performing Ghusl t o cleanse oneself from sexual impurit y.'' There is no cont radict ion bet ween all of t hese views; t hey are all in agreement and all refer t o responsibilit y and t he accept ance of commands and prohibit ions wit h t heir at t endant condit ions, which is t hat t he one who fulfills t his responsibilit y, will be rewarded; while t he one who neglect s it , will be punished. Man accept ed t his despit e t he fact t hat he is weak, ignorant and unj ust -- except for t hose whom Allah helps, and Allah is t he One

Whose help we seek. One of t he report s which deal wit h Al-Amanah is t he Hadit h recorded by Imam Ahmad from Hudhayfah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, who said: "The Messenger of Allah t old us t wo Hadit hs, one of which I have seen and t he ot her I am st ill wait ing t o see. He t old us t hat Al-Amanah is deeply root ed in t he heart of man, t hen t he Qur'an was revealed and t hey know it from t he Qur'an and from t he Sunnah. Then he t old us t hat Al-Amanah will be t aken away. He said,

∩͡ヮら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ∇リョ͡ る⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠ョほ∠∇ャや ヂ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ボわ⊥ プ∠ る∠ ョ∠ ∇ヲレｚ ャや モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや ュ⊥ ゅ∠レΑ∠ » ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ィゲ∠ ∇ェキ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ヨイ ∠ ミ∠ モ ͡ ∇イヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ を∠ ぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ を∠ ぺ∠ モ ぁヌ ∠ Β∠ プ∠ «￢∇ヶセ ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲら͡ わ∠ ∇レョ⊥ ロ⊥ や∠ゲゎ∠ ∩͡マヤ͡∇ィケ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ . (A man may sleep and Al-Amanah will be t aken from his heart , leaving not hing but a t race like a blist er left by a coal if you were t o roll it over your leg -- you will see it prot ruding but t here is not hing inside.) Then he t ook a pebble and rolled it over his leg, t hen he said:

ヵあキぽ∠ Α⊥ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΑ∠ ゅ∠らわ∠ Α∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ウ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ダΒ⊥ プ∠ » ∩ゅ⇔レΒ͡ョぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ヶ͡レよ∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ る∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョほ∠∇ャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠ボ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ プ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ニぺ∠ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ヤ∠∇ィぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ͡ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ヤ͡ャ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ «ラゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇リョ͡ メ ∃ キ∠ ∇ゲカ ∠ る⊥ ｚらェ ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヶ͡プ (Then t he people will st art buying and selling, and hardly anyone will be paying at t ent ion t o AlAmanah, unt il it will be said t hat among t he t ribe of so-and-so t here is a t rust wort hy man, and it will said of a man, ` how st rong he is, how nice and how wise,' and t here is not even a must ard seed of fait h in his heart .) No doubt , t here came upon me a t ime when I did not mind dealing (bargaining) wit h anyone of you, for if he was a Muslim, his Islam would compel him t o pay me what is due t o me, and if he was a Christ ian, or Jew, t he Muslim official would compel him t o pay me what is due t o me, but t oday, I do not deal except wit h such and such person among you.'' It was also recorded in t he Two Sahihs from t he Hadit h of Al-A` mash. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

:ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠プ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ マ ∠ Β͡プ ｚリミ⊥ や∠クま͡ ノ∀ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠» ∩∃るボ∠ Β͡ヤカ ∠ リ ⊥ ∇ジェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∃ゑΑ͡ギェ ∠ ベ ⊥ ∇ギタ ͡ ヱ∠ ∩∃るル∠ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ ナ ⊥ ∇ヘェ ͡ «る∠ヨ∇バデ ⊥ る⊥ ヘｚ ハ ͡ ヱ∠

(There are four t hings, if you at t ain t hem, t hen what ever you miss in t his world will not mat t er: preserving t rust , speaking t he t rut h, being of good charact er and moderat ion in eat ing.)

The Result of taking on the Amanah

リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ͡ろ⇒∠ボ͡ヘ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゆ ∠ グあ バ∠ Β⊥ ャあぴ び͡ろ⇒∠ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ (So t hat Allah will punish t he hypocrit es, men and women, and t he men and women who are idolat ors.) means, because t he sons of Adam have undert aken t o fulfill t he Amanah, which means dut ies, Allah will punish t he men and women among t hem who are hypocrit es, who are t hose who make an out ward display of fait h because t hey fear t he believers, but in t heir heart s t hey conceal disbelief and in fact are followers of t he disbelievers.

び͡ろ⇒∠ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∠リΒ͡ミ͡ゲ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and t he men and women who are idolat ors.) t hese are t he ones who bot h out wardly and inwardly associat e ot hers in worship wit h Allah and go against His Messengers.

び͡ろ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah will pardon t he believers, men and women.) means, He will show mercy t o t he believers among mankind, who believe in Allah and in His angels, Books and Messengers, and who obey Him.

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah is Ever Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) This is end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Ahzab. Allah's is t he praise and t hanks.

The Tafsir of Surah Saba (Chapter - 34) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅョ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ア ⊥ ∇ヤΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ - ゲ⊥ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ⊥ ゴ͡ レ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ び ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや (1. All praise is due t o Allah, t o Whom belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is on t he eart h. His is all praise in t he Hereaft er, and He is t he All-Wise, t he All-Aware.) (2. He knows t hat which goes int o t he eart h and t hat which comes fort h from it , and t hat which descends from t he heaven and t hat which ascends t o it . And He is t he Most Merciful, t he Oft -Forgiving.)

All Praise and the Knowledge of the Unseen belong to Allah Alone Allah t ells us t hat all praise belongs t o Him alone in t his world and in t he Hereaft er, because He is t he Giver and Best ower who gives t o t he people of t his world and t he Hereaft er, t he Sovereign and Cont roller of all. Allah says:

ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや ヴ͡プ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ユ⊥ ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ (And He is Allah; none has t he right t o be worshipped but He, all praise is due t o Him (bot h) in t he first (i.e., in t his world) and in t he last (t he Hereaft er). And for Him is t he decision, and t o Him shall you (all) be ret urned.) (28:70). Allah says:

ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘや (All praise is due t o Allah, t o Whom belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h.) meaning, all of it is His dominion and is enslaved by Him and subj ect t o His cont rol, as Allah says:

び ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや∠ヱ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Κ ｘ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t ruly, unt o Us (belong) t he last (Hereaft er) and t he first (t his world)) (92:13). Then Allah says:

び͡りゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (His is all praise in t he Hereaft er,) for He is t he One Who will be worshipped forever and praised for et ernit y.

び⊥ユΒ͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ and He is t he All-Wise, means, in all t hat He says and does, legislat es and decrees.

び⊥ゲΒ͡らガ ∠ ∇ャやぴ t he All-Aware. from Whom not hing at all is hidden or concealed. Ma0lik narrat ed t hat Az-Zuhri said, He is All-Aware of His creat ion, All-Wise in His commands. Alla0h says:

びゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ア ⊥ ∇ヤΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ぴ (He knows t hat which goes int o t he eart h and t hat which comes fort h from it ,) meaning, He knows t he number of raindrops t hat sink int o t he dept hs of t he eart h, and t he seeds t hat have been sown, and t he t hings t hat are hidden in it , and He knows what comes fort h from t hat , how many t hey are, how t hey grow and what t hey look like.

び͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ⊥ ゴ͡ レ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat which descends from t he heaven) means, of raindrops and provision, and what ascends int o it , i.e., right eous deeds and ot her t hings.

び⊥ケヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He is t he Most Merciful, t he Oft -Forgiving.) means, He is Most Merciful t o His servant s; He does not hast en t o punish t hem, and He forgives t he sins of t hose who repent t o Him and put t heir t rust in Him.

ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇モホ⊥ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ゅ∠レΒ͡ゎ∇ほ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゴ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ͡ ヤ͡⇒∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ レｚΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほわ∠ ャ∠ ヴあよ∠ケ∠ヱ ゲ⊥ ピ∠ ∇タぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ ン ∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャあ - リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ͡ョ

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヴ͡プ や∇ヲバ∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ∀ユΑ͡ゲ∠ミ ベ ∀ ∇コケ͡ ヱ∠ ∀りゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ - ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ゴ∃ ∇ィケあ リあョ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡ゴィ ͡ ゅ∠バョ⊥ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ン͡グャｚや ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン∠ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヅ ͡ や∠ゲタ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ び ギ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや (3. Those who disbelieve say: "The Hour will not come t o us.'' Say: "Yes, by my Lord, t he AllKnower of t he Unseen, it will come t o you; not even t he weight of a speck of dust or less t han t hat or great er escapes His knowledge in t he heavens or in t he eart h but it is in a Clear Book.'') (4. That He may recompense t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds. Those, t heirs is forgiveness and generous provision.) (5. But t hose who st rive against Our Ayat t o frust rat e t hem -- t hose, for t hem will be a severe painful t orment .) (6. And t hose who have been given knowledge see t hat what is revealed t o you from your Lord is t he t rut h, and t hat it guides t o t he pat h of t he Exalt ed in might , Owner of all praise.)

The Hour will come so that each Person will be rewarded or punished in accordance with His Deeds This is one of t hree Ayat -- t here is no fourt h -- where Allah commands His Messenger t o swear by His Almight y Lord t hat t he resurrect ion will surely come, because t he st ubborn followers of disbelief denied t hat it would happen. One of t hese Ayat is in Surah Yunus, where Allah says:

ペ ｘエ ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴあよ∠ケ∠ヱ ン͡ま ∇モホ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ペ ｘェ ∠ ぺ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ゃら͡ ∇レわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ∇バヨ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ (And t hey ask you t o inform t hem (saying): "Is it t rue'' Say: "Yes! By my Lord! It is t he very t rut h! and you cannot escape it !'') (10:53). The second of t hese Ayat is t his one:

ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇モホ⊥ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ゅ∠レΒ͡ゎ∇ほ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ レｚ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほわ∠ ャ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヱ∠ (Those who disbelieve say: "The Hour will not come t o us.'' Say: "Yes, by my Lord, it will come t o you...''). And t he t hird of t hem appears in Surat At -Taghabun, where Allah says:

ヴあよケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ リｚャ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ∠ ハ ∠ コ∠ ぴ ∀ゲΒ͡ジ∠Α ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ｚラぽ⊥ ｚらレ∠ わ⊥ ャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ｚリん⊥ バ∠ ∇らわ⊥ ャ∠ び (The disbelievers pret end t hat t hey will never be resurrect ed (for reckoning). Say: "Yes! By my Lord, you will cert ainly be resurrect ed, t hen you will be informed of what you did; and t hat is easy for Allah'') (64:7). And Allah says here:

び∇ユム⊥ レｚ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほわ∠ ャ∠ ヴあよ∠ケ∠ヱ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Yes, by my Lord, it will come t o you...'') Then Allah is described in a manner t hat affirms t hat :

ヴ͡プ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゴ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ͡ ヤ͡⇒∠ハぴ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ ピ∠ ∇タぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや び∃リΒ͡らョぁ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ (t he All-Knower of t he Unseen, not even t he weight of a speck of dust or less t han t hat or great er escapes His knowledge in t he heavens or in t he eart h but it is in a Clear Book.) Muj ahid and Qat adah said, "Not hing is hidden or concealed from Him.'' In ot her words, everyt hing is encompassed by His knowledge, and not hing is hidden from Him. Even t hough bones may be scat t ered and disint egrat e, He knows where t hey have gone and where t hey have dispersed, t hen He will bring t hem back j ust as He creat ed t hem in t he first place, because He has knowledge of all t hings. Then Allah t ells us of His wisdom in re-creat ing bodies and bringing about t he Hour, as He says:

マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン ∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャあぴ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヴ͡プ や∇ヲバ∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∀ユΑ͡ゲ∠ミ ベ ∀ ∇コケ͡ ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ び∠リΑ͡ゴィ ͡ ゅ∠バョ⊥ (That He may recompense t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds. Those, t heirs is forgiveness and generous provision. But t hose who st rive against Our Ayat t o frust rat e t hem) meaning, t hose who t ry t o t urn ot hers away from t he pat h of Allah and who disbelieve His Messengers,

び∀ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゴ∃ ∇ィケあ リあョ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (t hose, for t hem will be a severe painful t orment .) This means, He will best ow His favor upon t he blessed, who are t he believers, and will punish t he doomed, who are t he disbelievers. This is like t he Ayah:

る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴも͡ べ∠ヘ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ (Not equal are t he dwellers of t he Fire and t he dwellers of t he Paradise. It is t he dwellers of Paradise t hat will be successful.) (59:20)

ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ∇ュぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ び ケ͡ ゅｚイヘ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ (Shall We t reat t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds like t hose who cause mischief on t he eart h Or shall We t reat t hose who have Taqwa as t he evildoers) (38:28)

リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ン͡グャｚや ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン∠ゲ∠Α∠ヱぴ びｚペエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ (And t hose who have been given knowledge see t hat what is revealed t o you from your Lord is t he t rut h,) This is anot her kind of wisdom, following on from t he one before, which is t hat when t hose who believed in what was revealed t o t he Messengers see t he onset of t he Hour and how t he right eous and t he wicked will be rewarded and punished respect ively, which t hey knew of beforehand in t his world from t he Books of Allah and which t hey are now seeing wit h t heir own eyes, t hey will say:

びあペ∠エ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Indeed, t he Messengers of our Lord did come wit h t he t rut h) (7:43). And it will be said:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ベ ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒ヨ∇ェｚゲャや ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ や∠グワ∠ ぴ (This is what t he Most Gracious had promised, and t he Messengers spoke t rut h!) ぴ36:52び

ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ヰプ∠ ゑ ͡ ∇バら∠ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ び͡ゑ∇バら∠ ∇ャや (Indeed you have st ayed according t o t he decree of Allah, unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion; so t his is t he Day of Resurrect ion) (30:56),

リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ン͡グャｚや ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン∠ゲ∠Α∠ヱぴ ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヅ ͡ や∠ゲタ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ び ギ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや (And t hose who have been given knowledge see t hat what is revealed t o you from your Lord is t he t rut h, and t hat it guides t o t he pat h of t he Exalt ed in might , Owner of all praise.) The Exalt ed in might is t he One Who is All-Powerful, Whom none can overwhelm or resist , but He subj ugat es and cont rols all t hings. The Owner of All praise is t he One Who, in all His words, deeds, laws and decrees, is deserving of praise, may He be glorified and exalt ed.

∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらレ∠ Α⊥ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ぁャギ⊥ ル∠ ∇モワ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ - ギ∃ Α͡ギィ ∠ ペ ∃ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ベ ∃ ゴｚ ヨ∠ ョ⊥ ｚモミ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ホゴあ ョ⊥ や∠クま͡ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ͡ よ∠ ∀るレｚ ͡ィ ヮ͡ よ͡ ュ∠ぺ ゅ⇔よ͡グミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プぺ∠ - ギ͡ Β͡バら∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ⇒∠ヤツ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ブジ ͡ ∇ガル∠ ∇ほゼ ∠ ルｚ ラ͡ま チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや る⇔ Α∠ Ι ∂ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ヘ∠ジミ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇テボ͡ ∇ジル⊥ びょ ∃ Β͡レョぁ ギ∃ ∇らハ ∠ モ あ ム⊥ ャあ (7. Those who disbelieve say: "Shall we direct you t o a man who will t ell you (t hat ) when you have become fully disint egrat ed int o dust wit h full dispersion, t hen you will be creat ed (again) anew'') (8. Has he invent ed a lie against Allah, or is t here a madness in him Nay, but t hose who disbelieve in t he Hereaft er are (t hemselves) in a t orment , and in far error.) (9. See t hey not what is before t hem and what is behind t hem, of t he heaven and t he eart h If We will, We shall

sink t he eart h wit h t hem, or cause a piece of t he heaven t o fall upon t hem. Verily, in t his is a sign for every servant who t urns (t o Allah) in repent ance.)

The Disbelievers' Denial of Life after Death, and the Refutation of Their View Here Allah t ells us how t he disbelievers and heret ics denied t hat t he Hour will come, and mocked t he Messenger for speaking of it .

∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらレ∠ Α⊥ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ぁャギ⊥ ル∠ ∇モワ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び∃ベゴｚ ヨ∠ ョ⊥ ｚモミ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ホゴあ ョ⊥ や∠クま͡ (Those who disbelieve say: "Shall we direct you t o a man who will t ell you (t hat ) when you have become fully disint egrat ed int o dust wit h full dispersion...'') means, when your bodies have disint egrat ed int o t he eart h and dispersed wit hout a t race,

び∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (t hen you) means, aft er t his has happened,

び∃ギΑ͡ギィ ∠ ペ ∃ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ぴ (will be creat ed (again) anew) means, you will be rest ored t o life and will receive provision anew. ` By t elling us t his, he is doing one of t wo t hings: eit her he is deliberat ely fabricat ing somet hing and saying t hat Allah has revealed it t o him, or he is not doing it deliberat ely, but he is deluded as crazy and insane people are.' They said:

び∀るレｚ ィ ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ュ∠ぺ ゅ⇔よ͡グミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プぺ∠ぴ (Has he invent ed a lie against Allah, or is t here a madness in him) Allah said, refut ing t heir words:

ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ͡ よ∠ ぴ び͡ギΒ͡バら∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ⇒∠ヤツ ｚ ャや∠ヱ (Nay, but t hose who disbelieve in t he Hereaft er are (t hemselves) in a t orment , and in far error.) meaning, t he mat t er is not as t hey claim or as t hey t hink; on t he cont rary, Muhammad is t he one who is t elling t he t rut h, and is right eous and wise; he is t he one who has brought t he t rut h, and t hey are t he foolish and ignorant liars.

び͡ゆや∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プぴ

are t hemselves( in a t orment , means, t heir disbelief, which will lead t hem t o t he t orment of Alla0h.

び͡ギΒ͡バら∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ⇒∠ヤツ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (and in far error.) far from t he t rut h in t his world. Then Allah warns t hem of His power in t he creat ion of heavens and eart h, as He says:

リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (See t hey not what is before t hem and what is behind t hem, of t he heaven and t he eart h) meaning, wherever t hey go, in what ever direct ion, t he heavens are above t hem and t he eart h is beneat h t hem. This is like t he Ayah:

チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バシ ͡ ヲ⊥ヨャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ギ∃ ∇Αほ∠よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βレ∠ よ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇バレ͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇セゲ∠ プ∠ (Wit h Hands did We const ruct t he heaven. Verily, We are Able t o ext end t he vast ness of space t hereof. And We have spread out t he eart h; how Excellent Spreader (t hereof) are We!) (51:4748)

∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇テボ͡ ∇ジル⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ブジ ͡ ∇ガル∠ ∇ほゼ ∠ ルｚ ラ͡まぴ び͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ヘ∠ジミ͡ (If We will, We shall sink t he eart h wit h t hem, or cause a piece of t he heaven t o fall upon t hem.) means, ` if We wished, We could do t hat t o t hem because of t heir wrongdoing and Our power over t hem, but We delay it because We are Pat ient and Forgiving.' Then Allah says:

び∃ょΒレ͡ ョぁ ギ∃ ∇らハ ∠ モ あ ム⊥ ャあ る⇔ Α∠ Ι ∂ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t his is a sign for every Munib servant .) Ma` mar narrat ing from Qat adah, said t hat AlMunib means every one who repent s. Sufyan narrat ed from Qat adah, t hat Al-Munib is t he one who t urns t o Allah. This means t hat in looking at t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h, t here is a sign for every servant who is int elligent and wise and who t urns t owards Allah. There is a sign of t he Allah's abilit y t o recreat e bodies and bring about t he Resurrect ion, because t he One Who was able t o creat e t hese heavens -- wit h t heir vast reaches of space, and t his eart h, as deep and vast as it is -- is able t o recreat e bodies and revive decayed bones. This is like t he Ayat :

ケ∃ ギ͡ ⇒∠ボよ͡ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャ∠や ザ ∠ ∇Β⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びヴ∠ヤよ∠ ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ペ ∠ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (Is not He Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, Able t o creat e t he like of t hem Yes, indeed!) (36:81)

サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ⊥ ∇ヤガ ∠ ャ∠ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ (The creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h is indeed great er t han t he creat ion of mankind; yet , most of mankind know not . ) (40:57)

ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヴ͡よヱあ ぺ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ Α∠ Κ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ゅｚレ͡ョ ∠キヱ⊥ヱや∠キ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ピら͡ ⇒∠シ ∇モヨ∠ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ - ギ∠ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚレャ∠ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βト ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヴあルま͡ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハや∠ヱ キ͡ ∇ゲジ ｚ ャや ヴプ͡ ∇ケギあ ホ∠ ヱ∠ び ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ (10. And indeed We best owed grace on Dawud from Us (saying): "O you mount ains! Glorify wit h him! And you birds (also)! And We made t he iron soft for him.'') (11. Saying: "Make you perfect coat s of mail, and balance well t he rings of chain armor ぴSardび, and work you (men) right eousness. Truly, I am All-Seer of what you do.'')

The Favors which Allah bestowed upon Dawud Here Allah t ells us how He blessed His servant and Messenger Dawud (David), peace be upon him, and what He gave him of His great bount y, giving him bot h prophet hood and kingship, and huge numbers of t roops. And He blessed him wit h a might y voice. Such t hat when he glorified Allah, t he firm, solid, high mount ains j oined him in glorifying Allah, and t he free-roaming birds, who go out in t he morning and come back in t he evening, st opped for him, and he was able t o speak all languages. In t he Sahih it is recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah heard t he voice of Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari, may Allah be pleased wit h him, recit ing at night , and he st opped and list ened t o his recit at ion, t hen he said:

«キ⊥ヱや∠キ メ ͡ へ ゲ͡ Β͡ョや∠ゴョ∠ ∇リョ͡ や⇔ケゅ∠ョ∇ゴョ͡ や∠グワ ヶ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠» (This man has been given one of t he sweet melodious voices of t he Prophet Dawud.) Abu ` Ut hman An-Nahdi said, "I never heard any cymbal, st ringed inst rument or chord t hat was more beaut iful t han t he voice of Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari, may Allah be pleased wit h him.''

びヴ͡よヱあ ぺ∠ぴ (Glorify) means, glorify Allah. This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and ot hers. The root of t his word ぴTa'wibび means t o repeat or respond, so t he mount ains and birds were commanded t o repeat aft er him.

び∠ギΑ͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚレャ∠ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ And We made t he iron soft for him. Al-Hメasan Al-Basメri, Qat a0dah, Al-A mash and ot hers said, He did not need t o heat it in t he fire or beat it wit h a hammer∧ he could simply t wist it in his hands, like a t hread. Alla0h said:

び∃ろ⇒∠ピら͡ ⇒∠シ ∇モヨ∠ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ぴ Saying: Make you perfect coat s of mail... , which means chain mail. Qat a0dah said, He was t he first person ever t o make chain mail∧ before t hat , t hey used t o wear plat ed armor.

び͡キ∇ゲジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ケギあ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and balance well t he rings of chain armor ぴSardび,) This is how Allah t aught His Prophet Dawud, peace be upon him, t o make coat s of mail. Muj ahid said concerning t he Ayah:

び͡キ∇ゲジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ケギあ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and balance well t he rings of chain armor ぴSardび,) "Do not make t he rivet s t oo loose t hat t he rings (of chain mail) will shake, or make t hem t oo t ight t hat t hey will not be able t o move at all, but make it j ust right .'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat ` Ibn ` Abbas said, "Sard refers t o a ring of iron.'' Some of t hem said, "Chain mail is called Masrud if it is held t oget her wit h rivet s.''

び⇔ゅエ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハや∠ヱぴ and work you (men) right eousness. means, wit h regard t o what Alla0h has given you of blessings.

び∀ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヴあル͡まぴ Truly, I am All-Seer of what you do. means, wat ching you and seeing all t hat you do and say∧ not hing of t hat is hidden at all.

∀ゲ∇ヰ∠セ ゅ∠ヰェ ⊥ や∠ヱケ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇ヰ∠セ ゅ∠ワヱぁ ギ⊥ ビ ⊥ ウ ∠ Αあゲャや リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠ジ ⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇トボ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ホグ͡ ル⊥ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇パゴ͡ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ͡ョ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ - ゲ͡ Β͡バジ ｚ ャや ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ケ∃ ヱ⊥ギホ⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠ヲイ ∠ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ヘィ ͡ ヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ん⇒ヨ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∠ Α͡ゲ⇒∠エョｚ ∇リョあ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ∠ヱ や⇔ゲ∇ムセ ⊥ ∠キヱ⊥ヱや∠キ メ ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハや ろ ∃ ⇒∠Βシ ͡ ケ∠ び ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゼ ｚ ャや ン ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ (12. And t o Sulayman (We subj ect ed) t he wind, it s morning was a mont h's (j ourney), and it s aft ernoon was a mont h's (j ourney). And We caused a fount of Qit r t o flow for him, and t here were Jinn t hat worked in front of him, by t he leave of his Lord. And whosoever of t hem t urned aside from Our command, We shall cause him t o t ast e of t he t orment of t he blazing Fire.) (13. They worked for him as he desired on Maharib, Tamat hil, large basins like Jawab and Qudur Rasiyat . "Work you, O family of Dawud, wit h t hanks!'' But few of My servant s are grat eful.)

The Favors which Allah bestowed upon Sulayman Having ment ioned t he blessings wit h which He favored Dawud, Allah follows t his by ment ioning what He gave t o Dawud's son Sulayman (Solomon), may peace be upon t hem bot h. He subj ugat ed t he wind t o him, so t hat it would carry his carpet one way for a mont h, t hen back again t he next mont h. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "He set out from Damascus in t he morning, landed in Ist akhar where he at e a meal, t hen flew on from Ist akhar and spent t he night in Kabil.'' Bet ween Damascus and Ist akhar is an ent ire mont h's t ravel for a swift rider, and bet ween Ist akhar and Kabul is an ent ire mont h's t ravel for a swift rider.

び͡ゲ∇トボ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And We caused a fount Qit r t o flow for him,) Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be plased wit h him, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, ` At a' Al-Khurasani, Qat adah, As-Suddi, Malik from Zayd bin Aslam, ` AbdurRahman bin Zayd bin Aslam and ot hers said, "Qit r means copper.'' Qat adah said, "It was in Yemen.'' Allah brought fort h all t he t hings t hat people make for Sulayman, peace be upon him.

び͡ヮよあ ケ∠ ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t here were Jinn t hat worked in front of him, by t he leave of his Lord.) means, ` We subj ugat ed t he Jinn t o work in front of him,' by t he permission of his Lord, i.e., by Allah's

decree and subj ugat ion, t hey built what ever const ruct ions he want ed, and did ot her work as well.

びゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇パゴ͡ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever of t hem t urned aside from Our command,) means, whoever among t hem t ried t o rebel and disobey,

び͡ゲΒ͡バジ ｚ ャや ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇ホグ͡ ル⊥ ぴ (We shall cause him t o t ast e of t he t orment of t he blazing Fire.) which means, burning.

び∠モΒ͡ん⇒∠ヨゎ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∠ Α͡ゲ⇒∠エョｚ リ͡ョ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Αぴ (They worked for him as he desired on Maharib, Tamat hil,) Maharib refers t o beaut iful st ruct ures, t he best and innermost part of a dwelling. Ibn Zayd said, "This means dwellings.'' Wit h regard t o "Tamat hil,'' ` At iyah Al-` Awfi, Ad-Dahhak and As-Suddi said t hat Tamat hil means pict ures.

び∃ろ⇒∠Βシ ͡ ケ∠ ケ∃ ヱ⊥ギホ⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠ヲイ ∠ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ヘィ ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (large basins like Jawab and Qudur Rasiyat .) Jawab, t he plural form of Jabiyah, refers t o cist erns or t anks in which wat er is held, and Qudur Rasiyat are cauldrons t hat st ay in one place and are not moved around because of t heir great size. This was t he view of Muj ahid, AdDahhak and ot hers.

び⇔やゲ∇ムセ ⊥ ∠キヱ⊥ヱや∠キ メ ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハやぴ (Work you, O family of Dawud, wit h t hanks!) means, ` We said t o t hem: Work wit h t hanks for t he blessings t hat We have best owed upon you in t his world and t he Hereaft er.' This indicat es t hat t hanks may be expressed by act ions as much as by words and int ent ions. Abu ` AbdurRahman Al-Hubuli said, "Prayer is t hanks, fast ing is t hanks, every good deed t hat you do for t he sake of Allah is t hanks, and t he best of t hanks is praise.'' This was recorded by Ibn Jarir. In t he Two Sahihs, it is report ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

∩∠キヱ⊥ や∠キ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ャま͡ り͡ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ∩⊥ヮシ ∠ ギ⊥ シ ⊥ ュ⊥ ゅ∠レΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮん∠ ヤ⊥を⊥ ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡モ∇Βヤｚャや ブ ∠ ∇ダル͡ ュ⊥ ゅ∠レΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∩∠キヱ⊥ や∠キ ュ⊥ ゅ∠Βタ ͡ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ュ͡ ゅ∠Βダ あ ャや ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ «ヴ∠ホゅ∠ャ や∠クま͡ ゲぁ ヘ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ゲ⊥ ト ͡ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ダΑ∠

(The most beloved of prayer t o Allah is t he prayer of Dawud. He used t o sleep for half t he night , st and in prayer for a t hird of it and sleep for a sixt h of it . The most beloved of fast ing t o Allah is t he fast ing of Dawud. He used t o fast for a day t hen not fast for a day, and he never fled t he bat t lefield.) Ibn Abi Hat im narrat ed t hat Fudayl said concerning t he Ayah:

び⇔やゲ∇ムセ ⊥ ∠キヱ⊥ヱや∠キ メ ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハやぴ (Work you, O family of Dawud, wit h t hanks!) Dawud said, "O Lord! How can I t hank you when t hanks it self is a blessing from You'' He said: "Now you have t ruly given t hanks t o Me, for you have realized t hat it is a blessing from Me.''

び⊥ケヲ⊥ムゼ ｚ ャや ン ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョあ ∀モΒ͡ヤホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ But few of My servant s are grat eful. This is a reflect ion of realit y.

Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚキ∠ ゅ∠ョ れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ リ ぁイ ͡ ∇ャや ろ ͡ レ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ゲｚ カ ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ほ∠ジ ∠ レ͡ョ モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や る⊥ ｚよや∠キ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥んら͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ょ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャｚ ラ∠ぺ び ͡リΒ͡ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや (14. Then when We decreed deat h for him, not hing informed t hem (Jinn) of his deat h except a lit t le worm of t he eart h which kept (slowly) gnawing away at his st ick. So when he fell down, t he Jinn saw clearly t hat if t hey had known t he Unseen, t hey would not have st ayed in t he humiliat ing t orment .)

The Death of Sulayman Allah t ells us how Sulayman, peace be upon him, died and how Allah concealed his deat h from t he Jinn who were subj ugat ed t o him t o do hard labor. He remained leaning on his st ick, which was his st aff, as Ibn ` Abbas may Allah be pleased wit h him, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan, Qat adah and ot hers said. He st ayed like t hat for a long t ime, nearly a year. When a creat ure of t he eart h, which was a kind of worm, at e t hrough t he st ick, it became weak and fell t o t he ground. Then it became apparent t hat he had died a long t ime before. It also became clear t o Jinn and men alike t hat t he Jinn do not know t he Unseen as t hey (t he Jinn) used t o imagine and t ried t o deceive people. This is what Allah says:

モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や る⊥ ｚよや∠キ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ｚャキ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャｚ ラ∠ぺ リ ぁイ ͡ ∇ャや ろ ͡ レ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ゲｚ カ ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ほ∠ジ ∠ レ͡ョ び͡リΒ͡ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ん͡ら∠ャ ゅ∠ョ ょ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや (not hing informed t hem (Jinn) of his deat h except a lit t le worm of t he eart h which kept (slowly) gnawing away at his st ick. So when he fell down, t he Jinn saw clearly t hat if t hey had known t he Unseen, t hey would not have st ayed in t he humiliat ing t orment .) meaning, it became clear t o t he people t hat t hey (t he Jinn) were lying.

リ ∃ Β͡ヨΑ∠ リ∠ハ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わレｚ ィ ∠ ∀る∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ム∠ ∇ジョ∠ ヴ͡プ み∃ら∠ ジ ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ り∀ ギ∠ ∇ヤよ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ベ ͡ ∇コケあ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ メ ∃ ゅ∠ヨセ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッゲ∠ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ - ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ゆ ｘ ケ∠ ヱ∠ る∀ ら∠ Βあ デ ∠ モ ∃ ミ⊥ ぺ⊥ ∇ヴゎ∠ や∠ヱク∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レｚ ィ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒ｚレイ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャギｚ よ∠ ヱ∠ ュ͡ ゲ͡ バ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇Βシ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αゴ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - モ ∃ Β͡ヤホ∠ ケ∃ ∇ギシ ͡ リあョ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∃ ∇をぺ∠ヱ∠ テ ∃ ∇ヨカ ∠ び ケ∠ ヲ⊥ヘム∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ン͡ゴ∇イル⊥ ∇モワ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ (15. Indeed t here was for Saba' a sign in t heir dwelling place -- t wo gardens on t he right and on t he left ; (and it was said t o t hem:) "Eat of t he provision of your Lord, and be grat eful t o Him.'' A fair land and an Oft -Forgiving Lord!) (16. But t hey t urned away, so We sent against t hem flood released from t he dam, and We convert ed t heir t wo gardens int o gardens producing bit t er bad fruit , and At hl, and some few lot e t rees.) (17. Like t his We requit ed t hem because t hey were ungrat eful disbelievers. And never do We requit e in such a way except t hose who are ungrat eful (disbelievers).)

The Disbelief of Saba' (Sheba) and Their Punishment Saba' refers t o t he kings and people of t he Yemen. At -Tababa` ah (Tubba` ) ぴsurname of t he ancient kings of Yemenび were part of t hem, and Bilqis, t he queen who met Sulayman, peace be upon him, was also one of t hem. They lived a life of enviable luxury in t heir land wit h plent iful provision, crops and fruit s. Allah sent t hem messengers t elling t hem t o eat of His provision and give t hanks t o Him by worshipping Him alone, and t hey followed t hat for as long as Allah willed, t hen t hey t urned away from t hat which t hey had been commanded t o do. So t hey were punished wit h a flood which scat t ered t hem t hroughout t he lands around Saba' in all direct ions, as we will see in det ail below, if Allah wills. In Him we put our t rust . Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Farwah bin Musayk Al-Ghut ayfi, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "A man said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Tell me about Saba' -- what was it , a land or a woman' He said:

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ ャ͡ヱ⊥ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ヮ⊥ レｚ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∃りぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ゅ∠ャヱ∠ チ ∃ ∇ケほ∠よ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠» ∩∀るバ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ュ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ゼゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∀るわｚ ͡シ リ ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βわ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ギャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ り∀ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ハ ∠ る⊥ ヤ∠ョ͡ ゅ∠ハヱ∠ ∀ュや∠グィ ⊥ ∠ヱ ユ∀ ∇ガヤ∠プ∠ :やヲ⊥ョ￢∠ ゅ∠ゼゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁΑゲ͡ バ∠ ∇セほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ り⊥ ギ∠ ∇レム͡ プ∠ :やヲ⊥レョ∠ ゅ∠Βゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ラゅｚジビ ∠ ヱ∠ «ケゅ∠ヨ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ Β∠ ∇ヨェ ͡ ヱ∠ ア ∀ェ ͡ ∇グョ∠ ヱ∠ キ⊥ ∇コほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ (It was neit her a land nor a woman. It was a man who had t en children, six of whom went Yemen and four of whom went Ash-Sham. Those who went Ash-Sham were Lakhm, Judham, ` Amilah and Ghassan. Those who went sout h were Kindah, Al-Ash` ariyyun, Al-Azd, Madhhij , Himyar and Anmar.) A man asked, ` Who are Anmar' He said:

«る∠ヤΒ͡イよ∠ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ バ∠ ∇んカ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや» (Those among whom are Khat h` am and Baj ilah. )'' This was recorded by At -Tirmidhi in his Jami` ぴSunanび in more det ail t han t his; t hen he said, "This is a Hasan Gharib Hadit h.'' The genealogist s -- including Muhammad bin Ishaq -- said, "The name of Saba' was ` Abd Shams bin Yashj ub bin Ya` rub bin Qaht an; he was called Saba' because he was t he first Arab t ribe t o disperse. He was also known as Ar-Ra'ish, because he was t he first one t o t ake boot y in war and give it t o his people, so he was called Ar-Ra'ish; because t he Arabs call wealt h Rish or Riyash. They differ over Qaht an, about whom t here were t hree views. (The first ) he descended from t he line of Iram bin Sam bin Nuh, t hen t here were t hree different views over how he descended from him. (The second) was t hat he was descended from ` Abir, anot her name for Hud, peace be upon him, t hen t here were also t hree different views over exact ly how he descended from him. (The t hird) was t hat he was descended from Isma` il bin Ibrahim Al-Khalil, peace be upon him, t hen t here were also t hree different views over exact ly how he descended from him. This was discussed in full det ail by Imam Al-Hafiz Abu ` Umar bin ` Abdul-Barr An-Namari, may Allah have mercy on him, in his book Al-Musamma Al-Inbah ` Ala Dhikr Usul Al-Qaba'il Ar-Ruwat . The meaning of t he Prophet 's words,

«ゆ∠ゲバ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ» (He was a man among t he Arabs.) means t hat he was one of t he original Arabs, who were before Ibrahim, peace be upon him, and were descendant s of Sam bin Nuh (Shem, t he son of Noah). According t o t he t hird view ment ioned above, he descended from Ibrahim, peace be upon him, but t his was not a well-known view among t hem. And Allah knows best . But in Sahih Al-Bukhari, it is report ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah passed by a group of people from (t he t ribe of) Aslam who were pract icing archery, and he said,

«ゅ⇔Βョ͡ や∠ケ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠よぺ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ハゅ∠ヨ∇シま͡ ヶ͡レよ∠ やヲ⊥ョ∇ケや»

(Shoot , O sons of Isma` il, for your fat her was an archer.) Aslam was a t ribe of t he Ansar, and t he Ansar -- bot h Aws and Khazraj -- were from Ghassan, from t he Arabs of Yemen from Saba', who set t led in Yat hrib when Saba' was scat t ered t hroughout t he land when Allah sent against t hem t he flood released from t he dam. A group of t hem also set t led in Syria, and t hey were called Ghassan for t he name of t he wat er beside which t hey camped -- it was said t hat it was in t he Yemen, or t hat it was near Al-Mushallal, as Hassan bin Thabit , may Allah be pleased wit h him, said in one of his poems. The meaning of his words: "If you ask, t hen we are t he communit y of t he noble descendant s, our lineage is Al-Azd and our wat er is Ghassan.''

«ゆ∠ゲバ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ り∀ ゲ∠ ∇ゼハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ ャ͡ヱ⊥ » (He had t en sons among t he Arabs.) means t hat t hese t en were of his lineage, and t hat t he origins of t he Arab t ribes of t he Yemen go back t o him, not t hat t hey were his sons born of his loins. There may have been t wo or t hree generat ions bet ween him and some of t hem, or more or less, as is explained in det ail in t he books of genealogy. The meaning of t he words,

«る∠バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ュ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ゼゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∀るわｚ ͡シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ リ ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βわ∠ プ∠ » (Six of whom went sout h and four of whom went nort h. ) is t hat aft er Allah sent against t hem t he flood released from t he dam, some of t hem st ayed in t heir homeland, whilst ot hers left t o go elsewhere.

The Dam of Ma'arib and the Flood The st ory of t he dam is about t he wat er which used t o come t o t hem from bet ween t wo mount ains, combined wit h t he floods from rainfall and t heir valleys. Their ancient kings built a huge, st rong dam and t he wat er reached a high level bet ween t hese t wo mount ains. Then t hey plant ed t rees and got t he best fruit s t hat could ever be harvest ed, plent iful and beaut iful. A number of t he Salaf, including Qat adah, ment ioned t hat a woman could walk beneat h t he t rees, carrying a basket or vessel -- such as is used for gat hering fruit -- on her head. And t hat t he fruit would fall from t he t rees and fill t he basket wit hout any need for her t o make t he effort t o pick t he fruit , because it was so plent iful and ripe. This was t he dam of Ma'arib, a land bet ween which and San` a' was a j ourney of t hree days. Ot hers said t hat in t heir land t here were no flies, mosquit oes or fleas, or any kind of vermin. This was because t he weat her was good and t he people were healt hy, and Allah t ook care of t hem so t hat t hey would single out and worship Him alone, as He says:

び∀る∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ム∠ ∇ジョ∠ ヴ͡プ み∃ら∠ ジ ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Indeed t here was for Saba` (Sheba) a sign in t heir dwelling place) Then He explains t his by saying:

び∃メゅ∠ヨセ ͡ ヱ∠ リ ∃ Β͡ヨΑ∠ リ∠ハ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わレｚ ィ ∠ぴ (t wo gardens on t he right and on t he left ;) meaning, t he t wo sides where t he mount ains were, and t heir land was in bet ween t hem.

る∀ ら∠ Βあ デ ∠ り∀ ギ∠ ∇ヤよ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ベ ͡ ∇コケあ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ぴ び∀ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ゆ ｘ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ((and it was said t o t hem: ) "Eat of t he provision of your Lord, and be grat eful t o Him.'' A fair land and an Oft -Forgiving Lord!) means, ` He would forgive you if you cont inue t o worship Him alone.'

び∇やヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ ぴ (But t hey t urned away,) means, from worshipping Allah alone and from giving t hanks t o Him for t he blessings t hat He had best owed upon t hem, and t hey st art ed t o worship t he sun inst ead of Allah, as t he hoopoe t old Sulayman, peace be upon him:

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇テエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ろ ⊥ ト∠ェぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ギ∃ Β͡バよ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゑ ∠ ム∠ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ り⇔ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや れ ぁ ギ∠ィヱ∠ ヴあルま͡ - リ ∃ Β͡ボΑ∠ み∃ら∠ レ∠ よ͡ み∃ら∠ シ ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ス∇ゲ∠ハ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ∇ろΒ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ム⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ョ∇ヲ∠ホ∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰゎぁ ギ∠ィヱ∠ モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギｚ ダ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Αｚ コ∠ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ("I have come t o you from Saba' (Sheba) wit h t rue news. I found a woman ruling over t hem, she has been given all t hings, and she has a great t hrone. I found her and her people worshipping t he sun inst ead of Allah, and Shayt an has made t heir deeds fair seeming t o t hem, and has barred t hem from t he way, so t hey have no guidance.'') (27:22-24)

び͡ュゲ͡ バ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇Βシ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ぴ (so We sent against t hem flood released from t he dam,) Some, including Ibn ` Abbas, Wahb bin Munabbih, Qat adah and Ad-Dahhak said t hat when Allah want ed t o punish t hem by sending t he flood upon t hem, he sent beast s from t he eart h t o t he dam, large rat s, which made a hole in it . Wahb bin Munabbih said, "They found it writ t en in t heir Script ures t hat t he dam would be dest royed because of t hese large rat s. So t hey brought cat s for a while, but when t he decree came t o pass, t he rat s overran t he cat s and went int o t he dam, making a hole in it , and it collapsed.'' Qat adah and ot hers said, "The large rat is t he desert rat . They gnawed at t he bot t om of t he dam unt il it became weak, t hen t he t ime of t he floods came and t he wat ers hit t he st ruct ure and it collapsed. The wat ers rushed t hrough t he bot t om of t he valley and dest royed everyt hing in t heir pat h -- buildings, t rees, et c.'' As t he wat er drained from t he t rees

t hat were on t he mount ains, t o t he right and t he left , t hose t rees dried up and were dest royed. Those beaut iful, fruit -bearing t rees were replaced wit h somet hing alt oget her different , as Allah says:

び∃テ∇ヨカ ∠ モ ∃ ミ⊥ ぺ⊥ ∇ヴゎ∠ や∠ヱク∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レｚ ィ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒ｚレイ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャギｚ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We convert ed t heir t wo gardens int o gardens producing bit t er bad fruit (ukul khamt ),) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, ` At a' Al-Khurasani, Qat adah and As-Suddi said, "It refers t o Arak (Zingiber officinale) and bit t er bad fruit .''

び∃モ∇をぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ and At hl, Al- Awfi and Ibn Abba0s said t hat t his means t amarisk. Ot hers said t hat it means a t ree t hat resembles a t amarisk, and it was said t hat it was t he gum acacia or mimosa. And Alla0h knows best .

び∃モΒ͡ヤホ∠ ケ∃ ∇ギシ ͡ リあョ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ and some few lot e t rees. Because t he lot e t rees were t he best of t he t rees wit h which t he garden was replaced, t here were only a few of t hem.

び∃モΒ͡ヤホ∠ ケ∃ ∇ギシ ͡ リあョ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ and some few lot e t rees. This is what happened t o t hose t wo gardens aft er t hey had been so fruit ful and product ive, offering beaut iful scenes, deep shade and flowing rivers: t hey were replaced wit h t horny t rees, t amarisks and lot e t rees wit h huge t horns and lit t le fruit . This was because of t heir disbelief and t heir sin of associat ing ot hers wit h Alla0h, and because t hey denied t he t rut h and t urned t owards falsehood. Alla0h said:

ケ∠ ヲ⊥ヘム∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ン͡ゴ∇イル⊥ ∇モワ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αゴ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ び (Like t his We requit ed t hem because t hey were ungrat eful disbelievers. And never do We requit e in such a way except t hose who are ungrat eful.) meaning, ` We punished t hem for t heir disbelief.' Muj ahid said, "He does not punish anyone except t he disbelievers.'' Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "Allah t he Almight y has spoken t he t rut h: no one will be punished in a manner t hat befit s t he sin except t he ungrat eful disbelievers.''

ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ミケ∠ ゅ∠よ ヴ͡わャｚや ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡シ ゲ∠ ∇Βジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠ル∇ケギｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ヰ͡ ⇒∠ニ ン⇔ゲホ⊥

リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ギバ͡ ⇒∠よ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ョゅｚΑぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠Βャ∠ ゑ ∠ Α͡キゅ∠ェぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルケ͡ ゅ∠ヘ∇シぺ∠ あモム⊥ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΙ ∂ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ベ ∃ ゴｚ ヨ∠ ョ⊥ ｚモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホゴｚ ョ∠ ヱ∠ び ケ∃ ヲ⊥ムセ ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚらタ ∠ (18. And We placed, bet ween t hem and t he t owns which We had blessed, t owns easy t o be seen, and We made t he st ages (of j ourney) bet ween t hem easy (saying): "Travel in t hem safely bot h by night and day.'') (19. But t hey said: "Our Lord! Make t he st ages bet ween our j ourney longer,'' and t hey wronged t hemselves; so We made t hem as t ales (in t he land), and We dispersed t hem all t ot ally. Verily, in t his are indeed signs for every st eadfast , grat eful (person).)

The Trade of Saba' and Their Destruction Allah t ells us about t he blessings which t he people of Saba' enj oyed, and t he luxuries and plent iful provision which was t heirs in t heir land, wit h it s secure dwellings and t owns which were j oined t o one anot her, wit h many t rees, crops and fruit s. When t hey t raveled, t hey had no need t o carry provisions or wat er wit h t hem; wherever t hey st opped, t hey would find wat er and fruit s, so t hey could t ake t heir noont ime rest in one t own, and st ay overnight in anot her, according t o t heir needs on t heir j ourney. Allah says:

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ミケ∠ ゅ∠よ ヴ͡わャｚや ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We placed, bet ween t hem and t he t owns which We had blessed,) Muj ahid, Al-Hasan, Sa` id bin Jubayr and Malik, who narrat ed it from Zayd bin Aslam, and Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, AsSuddi, Ibn Zayd and ot hers -- all said t hat t his means t he t owns of Syria. It means t hey used t o t ravel from Yemen t o Syria via t owns easy t o be seen and connect ed t o one anot her. Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "` The t owns which We had blessed by put t ing Jerusalem among t hem.''

び⇔りゲ∠ ヰ͡ ⇒∠ニ ン⇔ゲホ⊥ ぴ t owns easy t o be seen, meaning, clear and visible, known t o t ravelers, so t hey could t ake t heir noont ime rest in one t own and st ay overnight in anot her. Alla0h says:

び∠ゲ∇Βジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠ル∇ケギｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We made t he st ages (of j ourney) bet ween t hem easy) meaning, ` We made it in a way t hat met t he needs of t he t ravelers.'

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ョゅｚΑぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠Βャ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡シぴ (Travel in t hem safely bot h by night and day.) means, t hose who t ravel in t hem will be safe bot h by night and by day.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルケ͡ ゅ∠ヘ∇シぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ギバ͡ ⇒∠よ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ (But t hey said: "Our Lord! Make t he st ages bet ween our j ourney longer,'' and t hey wronged t hemselves;) They failed t o appreciat e t his blessing, as Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan and ot hers said: "They want ed t o t ravel long dist ances t hrough empt y wilderness where t hey would need t o carry provisions wit h t hem and would have t o t ravel t hrough int ense heat in a st at e of fear.''

び∃ベゴｚ ヨ∠ ョ⊥ ｚモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホゴｚ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ゑ ∠ Α͡キゅ∠ェぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so We made t hem as t ales (in t he land), and We dispersed t hem all t ot ally.) means, ` We made t hem somet hing for people t o t alk about when t hey converse in t he evening, how Allah plot t ed against t hem and dispersed t hem aft er t hey had been t oget her living a life of luxury, and t hey were scat t ered here and t here t hroughout t he land.' So, t he Arabs say of a people when t hey are dispersed, "They have been scat t ered like Saba','' in all direct ions.

び∃ケヲ⊥ムセ ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚらタ ∠ モ あ ム⊥ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t his are indeed signs for every st eadfast , grat eful.) In t he punishment which t hese people suffered, t he way in which t heir blessings and good healt h were t urned int o vengeance for t heir disbelief and sins, is a lesson and an indicat ion for every person who is st eadfast in t he face of adversit y and grat eful for blessings. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Sa` d bin Abi Waqqas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ヮ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ͡ や ￢͡ ゅ∠ツホ∠ ∇リョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇らイ ͡ハ ∠» ギ∠ ヨ͡ ェ ∠ ∀るら∠ Β͡ダョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠ゲム∠ セ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ギ∠ ヨ͡ ェ ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヶ͡プ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ィ ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∩∠ゲら∠ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ «ヮ͡ゎぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ヶ͡プ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ボヤぁャや ヶ͡プ (I am amazed at what Allah has decreed for t he believer; if somet hing good befalls him, He praises his Lord and gives t hanks, and if somet hing bad befalls him, he praises his Lord and has pat ience. The believer will be rewarded for everyt hing, even t he morsel of food which he lift s t o his wife's mout h.)'' This was also recorded by An-Nasa'i in Al-Yawm wal-Laylah. There is a corroborat ing report in t he Two Sahihs, where a Hadit h narrat ed by Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, says:

ゅｚャま͡ ￢⇔ ゅ∠ツホ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヶ͡ツ∇ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ⇔ら∠イ∠ハ» や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ゲ∠ ム∠ セ ∠ ￢⊥ やｚゲシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ゲ∠ ら∠ タ ∠ ￢⊥ やｚゲッ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ «リ͡ョ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ (How amazing is t he affair of t he believer! Allah does not decree anyt hing for him but it is good for him. If somet hing good happens t o him, he gives t hanks, and t hat is good for him; if somet hing bad happens t o him, he bears it wit h pat ience, and t hat is good for him. This is not for anyone except t he believer.)'' It was report ed t hat Qat adah said:

び∃ケヲ⊥ムセ ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚらタ ∠ モ あ ム⊥ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ g(Verily, in t his are indeed signs for every st eadfast , grat eful.) It was Mut arrif who used t o say: "How blessed is t he grat eful, pat ient servant . If he is given somet hing, he gives t hanks, and if he is t est ed, he bears it wit h pat ience.''

ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ヮ⊥ ｚレニ ∠ ザ ⊥ Β͡ヤ∇よま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ベ ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ マ ｙセ ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ョ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バレ∠ ャ͡ び ∀ナΒ⊥ヘ∠ェ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ (20. And indeed Iblis did prove t rue his t hought about t hem, and t hey followed him, all except a group of t rue believers.) (21. And he had no aut horit y over t hem, -- except t hat We might t est him who believes in t he Hereaft er, from him who is in doubt about it . And your Lord is Wat chful over everyt hing.)

How Iblis' thought about the Disbeliever proved True Having ment ioned Saba' and how t hey followed t heir desires, and t he Shayt an, Allah t ells us about t heir count erpart s among t hose who follow Iblis and t heir own desires, and who go against wisdom and t rue guidance. Allah says:

び⊥ヮレｚ ニ ∠ ザ ⊥ Β͡ヤ∇よま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ベ ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(And indeed Iblis did prove t rue his t hought about t hem,) Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, and ot hers said t hat t his Ayah is like t he Ayah where Allah t ells us about how Iblis refused t o prost rat e t o Adam, peace be upon him, t hen said:

ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ゲカ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ョゲｚ ミ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ワ マ ∠ わ∠ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び⇔ΚΒ͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ｚΑあケク⊥ リ ｚ ム∠ レ͡ わ∠ ∇ェΕ ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ (See t his one whom You have honored above me, if You give me respit e t o t he Day of Resurrect ion, I will surely seize and mislead his offspring all but a few!) (17:62)

∇リハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ヰレｚ Β∠ ゎ͡ Γ ｚユを⊥ ぴ リ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒∠セ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ギ⊥ イ ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡も͡ べ∠ヨセ ∠ リ∠ハヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ び (Then I will come t o t hem from before t hem and behind t hem, from t heir right and from t heir left , and You will not find most of t hem as t hankful ones.) (7:17) And t here are many Ayat which refer t o t his mat t er.

び∃リ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And he (Iblis) had no aut horit y over t hem, ) Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him said, "This means, he had no proof.''

ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ョ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バレ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ びｙマセ ∠ (except t hat We might t est him who believes in t he Hereaft er, from him who is in doubt about it .) means, ` We gave him power over t hem only t o show who believes in t he Hereaft er and t hat it will come t o pass.' The people will be brought t o account and rewarded or punished accordingly, so t hat he will worship his Lord properly in t his world -- and t o dist inguish t hese believers from t hose who are in doubt about t he Hereaft er.

び∀ナΒ⊥ヘェ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And your Lord is a Wat chful over everyt hing.) means, despit e His wat ching, t hose who follow Iblis go ast ray, but by His wat ching and care, t he believers who follow t he Messengers are saved.

∠ラヲ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ヨ∠Α Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨハ ∠ コ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボん⊥ ョ͡ - ゲ∃ Β͡ヰニ ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ポ ∃ ∇ゲセ ͡ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ る⊥ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘゼ ｚ ャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や∠クゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ∠ハ ネ ∠ あゴプ⊥ び ゲ⊥ Β͡らム∠ ∇ャや ヴ ぁ ヤ͡バ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ (22. Say: "Call upon t hose whom you assert besides Allah, t hey possess not even t he weight of a speck of dust , eit her in t he heavens or on t he eart h, nor have t hey any share in eit her, nor t here is for Him any support er from among t hem. '') (23. Int ercession wit h Him profit s not except for him whom He permit s. So much so t hat when fear is banished from t heir heart s, t hey say: "What is it t hat your Lord has said'' They say t he t rut h. And He is t he Most High, t he Most Great .)

The Helplessness of the gods of the Idolators Here Allah st at es clearly t hat He is t he One and Only God, t he Self-Sufficient Mast er, Who has no peer or part ner; He is independent in His command and t here is no one who can share or disput e wit h Him in t hat , or overt urn His command. So, He says:

び͡ヮヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨハ ∠ コ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Call upon t hose whom you assert besides Allah...'') meaning, t he gods who are worshipped besides Allah.

ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボん⊥ ョ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ヨ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘや (t hey possess not even t he weight of a speck of dust , eit her in t he heavens or on t he eart h,) This is like t he Ayah:

リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び∃ゲΒ͡ヨ∇トホ͡

(And t hose, whom you invoke or call upon inst ead of Him, own not even a Qit mir) (35:13).

び∃ポ∇ゲセ ͡ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ nor have t hey any share in eit her, means, t hey do not possess anyt hing, eit her independent ly or as part ners.

び∃ゲΒ͡ヰニ ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (nor t here is for Him any support er from among t hem. ) means, nor does Allah have among t hese rivals any whose support He seeks in any mat t er; on t he cont rary, all of creat ion is in need of Him and is enslaved by Him. Then Allah says:

び⊥ヮャ∠ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ る⊥ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘゼ ｚ ャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Int ercession wit h Him profit s not except for him whom He permit s.) meaning, because of His might , maj est y and pride, no one would dare t o int ercede wit h Him in any mat t er, except aft er being grant ed His permission t o int ercede. As Allah says:

び͡ヮ͡ル∇ク͡み͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠ク リ∠ョぴ (Who is he t hat can int ercede wit h Him except wit h His permission) (2:255),

∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘセ ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ピゎ⊥ Ι ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ マ ∃ ヤ∠ョｚ リあョ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ク∠ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ び (And t here are many angels in t he heavens, whose int ercession will avail not hing except aft er Allah has given leave for whom He wills and is pleased wit h.) (53:26)

ヮ͡ わ͡ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ツゎ∠ ∇ケや リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヘ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ (and t hey cannot int ercede except for him wit h whom He is pleased. And t hey st and in awe for fear of Him) (21:28). It was report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hrough more t han one chain of narrat ion t hat t he Messenger of Allah , who is t he leader of t he sons of Adam and t he great est int ercessor before Allah, will go t o st and in Al-Maqam Al-Mahmud (t he praised posit ion) t o int ercede for all of mankind when t heir Lord comes t o pass j udgement upon t hem. He said:

∇ラぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ￢∠ ゅセ∠やゅ∠ョ ヶ͡レハ ⊥ ギ∠ Β∠ プ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ͡ ギ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇シほ∠プ∠ » ｚユを⊥ ∩∠ラゅ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ダ∇ェぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ギ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠エヨ∠ よ͡ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ウ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡レハ ∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ∇モシ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∇ノヨ∠ ∇ジゎ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ マ ∠シ ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ∇ノプ∠ ∇ケや ギ⊥ ｚヨエ ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ «ノｚヘゼ ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ノヘ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ∩⊥ヮ∠ト∇バゎ⊥ (Then I will prost rat e t o Allah, may He be exalt ed, and He will leave me (in t hat posit ion), as long as Allah wills, and He will inspire me t o speak words of praise which I cannot ment ion now. Then it will be said, "O Muhammad, raise your head. Speak, you will be heard; ask, you will be given; int ercede, your int ercession will be accept ed...'')

∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や∠クゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ∠ハ ネ ∠ ゴあ プ⊥ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ びｚペエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ (So much so t hat when fear is banished from t heir heart s, t hey say: "What is it t hat your Lord has said'' They say t he t rut h.) This also refers t o t he great degree of His might and power. When He speaks words of revelat ion, t he inhabit ant s of t he heavens hear what He says, and t hey t remble wit h fear (of Allah) so much t hat t hey swoon. This was t he view of Ibn Mas` ud, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Masruq and ot hers.

び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ∠ハ ネ ∠ ゴあ プ⊥ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (So much so t hat when fear is banished from t heir heart s,) means, when t he fear leaves t heir heart s. Ibn ` Abbas, Ibn ` Umar, Abu ` Abdur-Rahman As-Sulami, Ash-Sha` bi, Ibrahim AnNakha` i, Ad-Dhahhak, Al-Hasan and Qat adah said concerning t he Ayah,

∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や∠クゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ∠ハ ネ ∠ ゴあ プ⊥ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ びｚペエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ (So much so t hat when fear is banished from t heir heart s, t hey say: "What is it t hat your Lord has said'' They say t he t rut h.) "When t he fear is lift ed from t heir heart s.'' When t his happens, some of t hem say t o ot hers, "What did your Lord say'' Those (angels) who are carrying t he Throne t ell t hose who are next t o t hem, t hen t hey in t urn pass it on t o t hose who are next t o t hem, and so on, unt il t he news reaches t he inhabit ant s of t he lowest heaven. Allah says,

びｚペ∠エ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ

They say t he t rut h. meaning, t hey report what He said, wit hout adding or t aking away anyt hing.

び⊥ゲΒ͡らム∠ ∇ャや ヴ ぁ ヤ͡バ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He is t he Most High, t he Most Great .) In his Tafsir of t his Ayah in his Sahih, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him said, "The Prophet of Allah said:

ろ ͡ よ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ゲ∠ ∇ョほ∠∇ャや ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヴ∠ツホ∠ や∠クま͡» る∀ ヤ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヤシ ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∩͡ヮャ͡∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠バ∇ツカ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰわ͡ エ ∠ レ͡ ∇ィほ∠よ͡ る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや や∠クゅ∠ョ :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇リハ ∠ ネ ∠ ゴあ プ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∃ラや∠ヲ∇ヘタ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヶ ぁ ヤ͡バ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ｚペエ ∠ ∇ャや :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヵ͡グヤｚャ͡ やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∨∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ベ ⊥ ゲ͡ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡ノ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや ベ ⊥ ゲ͡ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ゲΒ͡らム∠ ∇ャや ラ ⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ヘシ ⊥ ブ ∠ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ヮ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ や∠グム∠ ワ∠ ノ͡ ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや る∠ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ バ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠タぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰプ∠ ゲｚ エ ∠ プ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ∇リョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ⊥ カ ∠ ゅ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥ヮわ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ボ∇ヤΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡リワ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ゲ͡ ェ ͡ ゅｚジャや ラ ͡ ゅ∠ジャ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ∠ ボ͡ ∇ヤΑ⊥ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∩⊥ヮわ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよｚ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰΒ∠ ボ͡ ∇ヤΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰゼ あ ャや ヮ⊥ ミ∠ ケ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨよｚ ゲ⊥ プ∠ る∃ よ∠ ∇グミ∠ る∠ も∠ ゅ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰ∠バ∠ョ ゆ ⊥ グ͡ ∇ムΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮミ∠ ケ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∨や∠グミ∠ ヱ∠ や∠グミ∠ ∩や∠グミ∠ ヱ∠ や∠グミ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ギホ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ «￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ろバ∠ ヨ͡ シ ⊥ ヶ͡わャｚや る͡ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇ヤわ͡ よ͡ ベ ⊥ ｚギダ ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ (When Allah decrees a mat t er in heaven, t he angels beat t heir wings in submission t o His Words, making a sound like a chain st riking a smoot h rock. When t he fear is banished from t heir heart s, t hey say, "What is it t hat your Lord has said'' They say t he t rut h, and He is t he Most High, t he Most Great . Then t he one who is list ening out hears t hat , and t hose who are list ening out are st anding one above t he ot her) -- Sufyan ぴone of t he narrat orsび demonst rat ed wit h his hand, holding it vert ically wit h t he fingers out spread. (So he hears what is said and

passes it on t o t he one below him, and t hat one passes it t o t he one who is below him, and so on unt il it reaches t he lips of t he soot hsayer or fort une-t eller. Maybe a met eor will hit him before he can pass anyt hing on, or maybe he will pass it on before he is hit . He t ells a hundred lies alongside it , but it will be said, "Did he not t ell us t hat on such and such a day, such and such would happen'' So t hey believe him because of t he one t hing which was heard from heaven.)'' This was recorded by Al-Bukhari, not by Muslim. Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah also recorded it . And Allah knows best .

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ リ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ モ⊥ホ - リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ヱぺ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヴ∠ヤ∠バ∠ャ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ べｚルま͡ヱ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ モ ⊥ ⇒∠∇ジル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ べｚヨハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジゎ⊥ Ι ｚ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ウ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ボエ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ グｚャや ヴ ∠ ル͡ ヱ⊥ケぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゥ ⊥ ゅｚわヘ∠ ∇ャや び ユ⊥ Β͡ム∇エ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ (24. Say: "Who gives you provision from t he heavens and t he eart h'' Say: "Allah. And verily, (eit her) we or you are right ly guided or in plain error.'') (25. Say: "You will not be asked about our sins, nor shall we be asked of what you do.'') (26. Say: "Our Lord will assemble us all t oget her, t hen He will j udge bet ween us wit h t rut h. And He is t he Just Judge, t he All-Knower of t he t rue st at e of affairs.'') (27. Say: "Show me t hose whom you have j oined wit h Him as part ners. Nay! But He is Allah, t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.'')

Allah has no partner in anything whatsoever Allah t ells us t hat He is unique in His power of creat ion and His giving of provision, and t hat He is unique in His divinit y also. As t hey used t o admit t hat no one in heaven or on eart h except Allah gave t hem provision, i.e., by sending down wat er and causing crops t o grow, so t hey should also realize t hat t here is no god wort hy of worship besides Him.

び∃リΒ͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ヱぺ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヴ∠ヤバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ べｚルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, (eit her) we or you are right ly guided or in plain error.) ` One of t he t wo sides must be speaking falsehood, and one must be t elling t he t rut h. There is no way t hat you and we could bot h be following t rue guidance, or could bot h be misguided. Only one of us can be correct , and we have produced t he proof of Tawhid which indicat es t hat your Shirk must be false.' Allah says:

び∃リΒ͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ヱぺ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヴ∠ヤバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ べｚルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(And verily, (eit her) we or you are right ly guided or in plain error.) Qat adah said, "The Companions of Muhammad said t his t o t he idolat ors: ` By Allah, we and you cannot be following t he same t hing, only one of us can be t ruly guided.''' ` Ikrimah and Ziyad bin Abi Maryam said, "It means: we are right ly guided and you are in plain error.''

ゅｚヨ∠ハ モ ⊥ ⇒∠∇ジル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ べｚヨハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジゎ⊥ Ι ｚ モ⊥ホぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ (Say: "You will not be asked about our sins, nor shall we be asked of what you do.'') This indicat es disowning t hem, saying, ` you do not belong t o us and we do not belong t o you, because we call people t o Allah, t o believe t hat He is t he Only God and t o worship Him alone. If you respond, t hen you will belong t o us and we t o you, but if you rej ect our call, t hen we have not hing t o do wit h you and you have not hing t o do wit h us.' This is like t he Ayat :

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∠ヨ∠ハ ヴあャ モ⊥ボプ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ べｚヨョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゃΑ͡ゲよ∠ (And if t hey deny you, say: "For me are my deeds and for you are your deeds! You are innocent of what I do, and I am innocent of what you do!'') (10:41)

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ Ι ∠ -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユゎぁ ギ∠らハ ∠ ゅｚョ ∀ギ͡よゅ∠ハ べ∠ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら͡ ⇒∠ハ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ びリ ͡ Α͡キ ヴ ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ Α͡キ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら͡ ⇒∠ハ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ (Say: "O disbelievers! I worship not t hat which you worship, Nor will you worship t hat which I worship. And I shall not worship t hat which you are worshipping. Nor will you worship t hat which I worship. To you be your religion, and t o me my religion.'') (104:1-6).

びゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Our Lord will assemble us all t oget her...'') means, ` on t he Day of Resurrect ion, He will bring all of creat ion t oget her in one arena, t hen He will j udge bet ween us wit h t rut h, i.e., wit h j ust ice.' Each person will be rewarded or punished according t o his deeds; if t hey are good, t hen his end will be good, and if t hey are bad, t hen his end will be bad. On t hat Day t hey will know who has at t ained vict ory, glory and et ernal happiness, as Allah says: U

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホゲｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ る∃ ッ ∠ ∇ヱケ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇エΑ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲツ ∠ ∇エョ⊥ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｚ や ￢͡ べ∠ボャ͡ヱ∠ (And on t he Day when t he Hour will be est ablished -- t hat Day shall (all men) be separat ed. Then as for t hose who believed and did right eous good deeds, such shall be honored and made t o enj oy luxurious life (forever) in a Garden of Delight . And as for t hose who disbelieved and denied Our Ayat , and t he meet ing of t he Hereaft er, such shall be brought fort h t o t he t orment .) (30:14-16). Allah says:

び⊥ユΒ͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゥ ⊥ ゅｚわヘ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He is t he Just Judge, t he All-Knower of t he t rue st at e of affairs.)

び∠￢べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ボエ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ グｚャや ヴ ∠ ル͡ ヱ⊥ケぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Show me t hose whom you have j oined wit h Him as part ners...'') means, ` show me t hose gods whom you made as rivals and equals t o Allah.'

びｚΚミ∠ ぴ Nay means, He has no peer, rival, part ner or equal. Alla0h says:

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ But He is Alla0h, meaning, t he One and Only God Who has no part ner.

び⊥ユΒ͡ムエ ∠ ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴ∠バャやぴ t he Almight y, t he All-Wise. means, t he Owner of might wit h which He subj ugat es and cont rols all t hings, t he One Who is Wise in all His Words and deeds, Laws and decrees. Blessed and exalt ed and sanct ified be He far above all t hat t hey say. And Alla0h knows best .

や⇔ゲΑ͡グル∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡ゼよ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤあャ る⇔ プｚ べ∠ミ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ モ⊥ホ リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ギ⊥ ∇ハヲ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠わョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲガ ͡ ⇒∠わ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠バΒあョ ユ⊥ムャｚ び ∠ラヲ⊥ョ͡ギ∇ボ∠わ∇ジ∠ゎ (28. And We have not sent you except as a giver of glad t idings and a warner t o all mankind, and most of men know not .) (29. And t hey say: "When is t his promise if you are t rut hful'') (30. Say: "The appoint ment t o you is for a Day, which you cannot put back for an hour nor put forward.'')

The Prophet was sent to all of Mankind Allah says to His servant and Messenger Muhammad :

び⇔やゲΑ͡グル∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡ゼよ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤあャ る⇔ プｚ べ∠ミ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We have not sent you except as a giver of glad t idings and a warner t o all mankind,) i.e., t o all of creat ion among t hose who are account able for t heir deeds. This is like t he Ayah:

びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴあルま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "O mankind! Verily, I am sent t o you all as t he Messenger of Allah.'') (7:158)

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャ͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ホ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ン͡グャｚや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぴ び や⇔ゲΑ͡グル∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャ͡ (Blessed be He Who sent down t he Crit erion t o His servant t hat he may be a warner t o t he all creat ures.) (25:1)

び⇔やゲΑ͡グル∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡ゼよ∠ ぴ a giver of glad t idings and a warner means, t o bring t he glad t idings of Paradise t o t hose who obey you and t o warn of t he fire of Hell t o t hose who disobey you. This is like t he A0ya0t :

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (and most of men know not .)

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ ろ ∠ ∇タゲ∠ ェ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And most of mankind will not believe even if you desire it eagerly. ) (12:103)

リ∠ハ ポ ∠ ヲぁヤツ ͡ Α⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇ノト ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや モ ͡ Βら͡ シ ∠ (And if you obey most of t hose on t he eart h, t hey will mislead you far away from Allah's pat h) (6:116). Muhammad bin Ka` b said concerning t he Ayah:

び͡サゅｚレヤあャ る⇔ プｚ べ∠ミ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We have not sent you except t o all mankind) meaning, t o all t he people. Qat adah said concerning t his Ayah, "Allah, may He be exalt ed, sent Muhammad t o bot h t he Arabs and t he non-Arabs, so t he most honored of t hem wit h Allah is t he one who is most obedient t o Allah.'' In t he Two Sahihs it was report ed t hat Jabir, may Allah be pleased wit h him said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

￢͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ト ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥» ∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∃ゲ∇ヰセ ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ Β͡ジョ∠ ょ ͡ ∇ハゲぁ ャゅ͡よ れ ⊥ ∇ゲダ ͡ ル⊥ :ヶ͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ ∇リョ͡ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヨΑぁ ∠ほ∠プ ∩や⇔ケヲ⊥ヰデ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ギイ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヶ ∠ ャ͡ ユ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠レピ∠ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ ャ͡ ∇ろヤｚェ ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩あモダ ∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ∇わミ∠ ケ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∩∠るハ ∠ ゅ∠ヘゼ ｚ ャや ろ ⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ヤ∇らホ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ モ ｚエ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ タ ｚ ゅ∠カ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ヶ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや «るｚョゅ∠ハ (I have been given five t hings which were not given t o any of t he Prophet s before me. I have been aided by fear (t he dist ance of ) a mont h's j ourney. The ent ire eart h has been made a Masj id and a means of purificat ion for me, so t hat when t he t ime for prayer comes, any man of

my Ummah should pray. The spoils of war have been made permissible for me, whereas t hey were not permit t ed for any before me. I have been given t he power of int ercession; and t he Prophet s before me were sent t o t heir own people, but I have been sent t o all of mankind.)'' It was also recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

«ゲ∠ヨ∇ェほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ キ͡ ヲ∠ ∇シほ∠∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ » (I have been sent t o t he black and t he red.) Muj ahid said, "This means t o t he Jinn and t o mankind.'' Ot hers said t hat it meant t he Arabs and t he non-Arabs. Bot h meanings are correct .

How the Disbelievers asked about when the Resurrection would happen, and the Response to Them Allah tells us how the disbelievers believed it unlikely that the Hour would ever come to pass:

びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ギ⊥ ∇ハヲ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠わョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey say: "When is t his promise if you are t rut hful'') This is like t he Ayah:

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰよ͡ モ ⊥イ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ぴ びぁペエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ (Those who believe not t herein seek t o hast en it , while t hose who believe are fearful of it , and know t hat it is t he very t rut h...) (42:18) Then Allah says:

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ガ∠⇒∠わ∇ジ∠ゎ Ι ｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠バΒあョ ユ⊥ムャｚ モ⊥ホぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ョ͡ギ∇ボ∠わ∇ジ∠ゎ (Say: "The appoint ment t o you is for a Day, which you cannot for an hour move back nor forward.'') meaning, ` you have an appoint ed t ime which is fixed and cannot be changed or alt ered. When it comes, you will not be able t o put it back or bring it forward,' as Allah says:

び⊥ゲカ ｚ ぽ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ∠ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he t erm of Allah when it comes, cannot be delayed) (71:4).

ユ⊥ ヤｚム∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ∃キヱ⊥ギ∇バョｚ モ ∃ィ ∠Ι ６ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ あカぽ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ギΒ͡バシ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ｘ ボ͡ セ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル (And We delay it only for a t erm (already) fixed. On t he Day when it comes, no person shall speak except by His leave. Some among t hem will be wret ched and (ot hers) blessed.) (11:104105).

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒ヰ∠ よ͡ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プヲ⊥ホ∇ヲョ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ͡ヤ⇒ｚヌャや ク͡ ま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ メ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ノ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅｚレム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツわ⊥ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツわ⊥ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ルキ∠ギタ ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツわ⊥ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レル∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇クま͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ゲ⊥ ∇ムョ∠ ∇モよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや ゅｚヨ∠ャ る∠ ョ∠ や∠ギレｚ ャや ∇やヱぁゲシ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔キや∠ギル∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゲ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ムルｚ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ベ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ∠ ⇒∠ヤ∇ビｘΙや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∠ゆや∠グ∠バ∠ャ∇や ∇やヱ⊥ ぺ∠ケ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ (31. And t hose who disbelieve say: "We believe not in t his Qur'an nor in t hat which was before it .'' But if you could see when t he wrongdoers are made t o st and before t heir Lord, how t hey will cast t he (blaming) word one t o anot her! Those who were deemed weak will say t o t hose who were arrogant : "Had it not been for you, we should cert ainly have been believers!'') (32. And t hose who were arrogant will say t o t hose who were deemed weak: "Did we keep you back from guidance aft er it had come t o you Nay, but you were criminals.'') (33. Those who were deemed weak will say t o t hose who were arrogant : "Nay, but it was your plot t ing by night and day, when you ordered us t o disbelieve in Allah and set up rivals t o Him!'' And each of t hem (part ies) will conceal t heir own regret s, when t hey behold t he t orment . And We shall put iron collars round t he necks of t hose who disbelieved. Are t hey requit ed aught except what t hey used t o do)

How the Disbelievers have agreed in this World to deny the Truth, and how They will dispute with One Another on the Day of Resurrection Allah t ells us about t he excessive wrongdoing and st ubbornness of t he disbelievers, and t heir insist ence on not believing in t he Holy Qur'an and what it t ells t hem about t he Resurrect ion. Allah says:

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮ∇Α∠ギ∠Α リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よ (And t hose who disbelieve say: "We believe not in t his Qur'an nor in t hat which was before it .'') Allah t hreat ens t hem and warns t hem of t he humiliat ing posit ion t hey will be in before Him, arguing and disput ing wit h one anot her:

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ メ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ノ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ぴ び∇やヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツわ⊥ ∇シや (how t hey will cast t he (blaming) word one t o anot her! Those who were deemed weak) t his refers t o t he followers --

び∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ぴ t o t hose who were arrogant -- t his refers t o t he leaders and mast ers --

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ゅｚレム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ (Had it not been for you, we should cert ainly have been believers!) meaning, ` if you had not st opped us, we would have followed t he Messengers and believed in what t hey brought .' Their leaders and mast ers, t hose who were arrogant , will say t o t hem:

び∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ルキ∠ギタ ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Did we keep you back from guidance aft er it had come t o you) meaning, ` we did not hing more t o you t han t o call you, and you followed us wit hout any evidence or proof, and you went against t he evidence and proof which t he Messengers brought because of your own desires; it was your own choice.' They will say:

リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツわ⊥ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヲ∠ レ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇モよ∠ ぴ び͡ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ゲ⊥ ∇ムョ∠ ∇モよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや ("...Nay, but you were criminals.'' Those who were deemed weak will say t o t hose who were arrogant : "Nay, but it was your plot t ing by night and day...'') meaning, ` you used t o plot against us night and day, t empt ing us wit h promises and false hopes, and t elling us t hat we were t ruly guided and t hat we were following somet hing, but all of t hat was falsehood and manifest lies.' Qat adah and Ibn Zayd said:

び͡ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ゲ⊥ ∇ムョ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, but it was your plot t ing by night and day,) means, "You plot t ed by night and day.'' Malik narrat ed somet hing similar from Zayd bin Aslam.

び⇔やキや∠ギル∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゲ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ムルｚ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レル∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ (when you ordered us t o disbelieve in Allah and set up rivals t o Him!) means, ` t o set up gods as equal t o Him, and you creat ed doubt s and confusion in our minds, and you fabricat ed farfet ched ideas wit h which t o lead us ast ray.'

びゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨ∠ャ る∠ ョ∠ や∠ギレｚ ャや ∇やヱぁゲ∠シ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (And each of t hem (part ies) will conceal t heir own regret s, when t hey behold t he t orment .) means, bot h t he leaders and t he followers will feel regret for what t hey did previously.

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ベ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ∠ ⇒∠ヤ∇ビｘΙや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We shall put iron collars round t he necks of t hose who disbelieved.) This is a chain which will t ie t heir hands t o t heir necks.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ぴ (Are t hey requit ed aught except what t hey used t o do) means, t hey will be punished according t o t heir deeds: t he leaders will be punished according t o what t hey did, and t he followers will be punished according t o what t hey did.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∀ブ∇バ͡ッ ｙモム⊥ ャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He will say: "For each one t here is double (t orment ), but you know not .'') (7:38). Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ｚユを⊥ ∩ゅ∠ヰら⊥ ヰ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅｚボヤ∠ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ペ ∠ Β͡シ ゅｚヨャ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ テ ∠ ボ∠ シ ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∀ユ∇エャ∠ ペ ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ る⇔ エ ∠ ∇ヘャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わエ ∠ ヘ∠ ャ∠ «ゆヲ⊥ホ∇ゲバ⊥ ∇ャや (When t he people of Hell are driven t owards it , it will meet t hem wit h it s flames, t hen t he Fire will burn t heir faces and t he flesh will all fall t o t heir hamst rings.)''

べ∠ワヲ⊥プゲ∠ ∇わョ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ∃ Α͡グルｚ リあョ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ん∇ミぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ べ∠ヨ͡よ ゅｚル͡ま ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡よグｚ バ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ や⇔ギ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ケ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ベ ∠ ∇コゲあ ャや テ ⊥ジ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ∠ヘ∇ャコ⊥ ゅ∠ル∠ギレ͡ハ ∇ユム⊥ よ⊥ あゲボ∠ ゎ⊥ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ブ ͡ ∇バツ あ ャや ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ∇ヲバ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ろ ͡ ⇒∠プゲ⊥ ピ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲツ ∠ ∇エョ⊥ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ⇒∠バョ⊥ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ び ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ベ ∠ ∇コゲ∂ ャや テ ⊥ジ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ヴ∂よケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヘ⊥ ヤ͡∇ガΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ￢∇ヴセ ∠ リ∂ョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ケ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ び-リ ∠ Β͡ホコ͡ やｚゲャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ (34. And We did not send a warner t o a t ownship but t hose who were given t he worldly wealt h and luxuries among t hem said: "We believe not in what you have been sent wit h.'') (35. And

t hey say: "We are more in wealt h and in children, and we are not going t o be punished.'') (36. Say: "Verily, my Lord expands t he provision t o whom He wills and rest rict s, but most men know not .'') (37. And it is not your wealt h, nor your children t hat bring you nearer t o Us, but only he who believes, and does right eous deeds; as for such, t here will be mult iple rewards for what t hey did, and t hey will reside in t he high dwellings (Paradise) in peace and securit y.) (38. And t hose who st rive against Our Ayat , t o frust rat e t hem, t hey will be brought t o t he t orment .) (39. Say: "Truly,

How Those Who lived a Life of Luxury disbelieved in the Messengers and were misled by Their pursuit of Wealth and Children Allah is consoling His Prophet and commanding him t o follow t he example of t he Messengers t hat came before him. He t ells him t hat no Prophet was ever sent t o a t ownship but t hose among it s people who lived a life of luxury disbelieved in him, and t he weaker people of t he t own followed him. The people of Nuh, peace be upon him, said t o him:

び∠ラヲ⊥ャク∠ ∇ケΙ ｘやマ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ぺ∠ぴ (Shall we believe in you, when t he weakest (of t he people) follow you) (26:110)

ン ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠よ ゅ∠レャ⊥ク͡ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や ポ ∠ や∠ゲル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びン∇ぺゲｚ ャや (nor do we see any follow you but t he meanest among us and t hey (t oo) followed you wit hout t hinking) (11:27). The leaders among t he people of Salih said:

リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ζ∠ヨ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツわ⊥ ∇シや -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ べ∠ヨよ͡ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∀モ∠シ∇ゲョぁ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ョや∠￢ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よ ゅｚルま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ び (t o t hose who were count ed weak -- t o such of t hem as believed: "Know you t hat Salih is one sent from his Lord.'' They said: "We indeed believe in t hat wit h which he has been sent .'' Those who were arrogant said: "Verily, we disbelieve in t hat which you believe in.'') (7:75-76). And Allah said:

リ ｚ ョ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワぺ∠ ∇やヲャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャあ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅｚレわ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャゅ͡よ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇ハほ∠よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ べ∠レレ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リあョ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (Thus We have t ried some of t hem wit h ot hers, t hat t hey might say: "Is it t hese (poor believers) t hat Allah has favored from among us'' Does not Allah know best t hose who are grat eful) (6:53),

ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョ⊥ ゲ∠ ら͡ ⇒∠ミぺ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ あモミ⊥ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ びゅヰ∠ Β͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ヨΒ∠ ャ͡ (And t hus We have set up in every t own great ones of it s wicked people t o plot t herein) (6:123), and

∇やヲ⊥ボジ ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プゲ∠ ∇わョ⊥ ゅ∠ル∇ゲョ∠ ぺ∠ る⇔ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰルぁ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ル∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ョ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ル∇ゲョｚ ギ∠ プ∠ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (And when We decide t o dest roy a t own (populat ion), We (first ) send a definit e order t o t hose among t hem who lead a life of luxury. Then, t hey t ransgress t herein, and t hus t he Word (of t orment ) is j ust ified against it (t hem). Then We dest roy it wit h complet e dest ruct ion) (17:16). And Allah says here:

び∃ゲΑ͡グルｚ リあョ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ And We did not send a warner t o a t ownship meaning a Prophet or a Messenger,

びべ∠ワヲ⊥プゲ∠ ∇わョ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (but t hose who were given t he worldly wealt h and luxuries among t hem) means, t hose who enj oyed a life of riches and luxury, and posit ions of leadership. Qat adah said, "They are t heir t yrant s, chiefs and leaders in evil.''

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ べ∠ヨよ͡ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (We believe not in t he (Message) wit h which you have been sent .) means, ` we do not believe in it and we will not follow it .' Allah t ells us t hat t hose who enj oyed a life of luxury and who disbelieved t he Messengers said:

リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ や⇔ギ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ん∇ミぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡よグｚ バ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ (And t hey say: "We are more in wealt h and in children, and we are not going t o be punished.'') meaning, t hey were proud of t heir great wealt h and great numbers of children, and t hey believed t hat t his was a sign t hat Allah loved t hem and cared for t hem, and t hat if He gave t hem t his in t his world, He would not punish t hem in t he Hereaft er. This was t oo far-fet ched. Allah says:

- リ ∠ Β͡レよ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∃ ゅｚョ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁギヨ͡ ル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ｚ モ∠よ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ネ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ジル⊥ (Do t hey t hink t hat in wealt h and children wit h which We enlarge t hem We hast en unt o t hem wit h good t hings. Nay, but t hey perceive not .) (23:55-56)

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇らイ ͡ ∇バゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ペ ∠ ワ∠ ∇ゴゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあ バ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ (So, let not t heir wealt h nor t heir children amaze you; in realit y Allah's plan is t o punish t hem wit h t hese t hings in t he life of t his world, and t hat t heir souls shall depart while t hey are disbelievers.) (9:55), and

Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ギΒ͡ェヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ル∇ケク∠ ぴ ｚユを⊥ - や⇔ギΒ͡ヰ∇ヨゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ れ ぁ ギｚヰョ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔キヲ⊥ヰセ ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡レよ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔キヱ⊥ギ∇ヨョｚ - や⇔ギΒ͡レハ ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ ラゅミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ - ギ∠ Α͡コぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇トΑ∠ び や⇔キヲ⊥バタ ∠ ヮ⊥ ボ⊥ ワ͡ ∇ケほ⊥シ ∠ (Leave Me Alone (t o deal) wit h whom I creat ed lonely. And t hen grant ed him resources in abundance. And children t o be by his side. And made life smoot h and comfort able for him. Aft er all t hat he desires t hat I should give more. Nay! Verily, he has been opposing Our Ayat . I shall oblige him t o face a severe t orment !) (74:11-17) And Allah has t old us about t he st ory of t he owner of t hose t wo gardens, t hat he had wealt h and crops and children, but t hat could not help him at all when all of t hat was t aken from him in t his world, before he reached t he Hereaft er. Allah says here:

び⊥ケギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ベ ∠ ∇コゲあ ャや テ ⊥ジ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Verily, my Lord expands t he provision t o whom He wills and rest rict s...'') meaning, He gives wealt h t o t hose whom He loves and t hose whom He does not love, and He makes poor whom He wills and makes rich whom He wills. He has complet e wisdom and clear proof,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but most men know not .) Then Allah says:

ゅ∠ルギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユム⊥ よ⊥ あゲボ∠ ゎ⊥ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びヴ∠ヘ∇ャコ⊥ (And it is not your wealt h, nor your children t hat bring you nearer t o Us,) meaning, ` t hese t hings are not a sign t hat We love you or care for you.' Imam Ahmad, may Allah have mercy on him, recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

∩∇ユム⊥ ャ͡や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヲ∠ タ ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» «ユ⊥ムャ͡ゅ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ (Allah does not look at your out ward appearance or your wealt h, rat her He looks at your heart s and your deeds.) Muslim and Ibn Maj ah also recorded t his. Allah says:

び⇔ゅエ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (but only he who believes, and does right eous deeds;) meaning, ` only fait h and right eous deeds will bring you closer t o Us.'

び∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ブ ͡ ∇バツ あ ャや ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ (as for such, t here will be mult iple rewards for what t hey did,) means, t he reward will be mult iplied for t hem bet ween t en and seven hundred t imes.

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ろ ͡ ⇒プ∠ ゲ⊥ ピ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey will reside in t he high dwellings in peace and securit y.) means, in t he loft y dwellings of Paradise, safe from all misery, fear and harm, and from any evil t hey could fear. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Ali, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

∩ゅ∠ヰル͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ワケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ン∠ゲゎ⊥ ゅ⇔プゲ∠ ピ⊥ ャ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡» «ゅ∠ワケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰル⊥ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヱ∠ (In Paradise t here are loft y rooms whose out side can be seen from t he inside and whose inside can be seen from t he out side.) A bedouin asked, "Who are t hey for'' He said:

ュ∠ や∠キぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ュゅ∠バト ｚ ャや ユ∠ バ∠ ∇デぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ュゅ∠ヤム∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ Βｚ デ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡» «ュゅ∠Βル͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴｚヤタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ュゅ∠Βダ あ ャや (For t hose who speak well, feed t he hungry, persist in fast ing and pray at night while people are asleep.)

び∠リΑ͡ゴイ ͡ ⇒∠バョ⊥ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ∇ヲバ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who st rive against Our Ayat , t o frust rat e t hem,) means, t hose who t ry t o block people from t he pat h of Allah and from following His Messengers and believing in His signs,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲツ ∠ ∇エョ⊥ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ t hey will be brought t o t he t orment . means, t hey will all be punished for t heir deeds, each one accordingly.

ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ベ ∠ ∇コゲあ ャや テ ⊥ジ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び⊥ヮャ∠ ケ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ (Say: "Truly, my Lord expands t he provision for whom He wills of His servant s, and (also) rest rict s (it ) for him...'') means, according t o His wisdom, He gives a lot of provision t o one, and gives very lit t le t o anot her. He has great wisdom in doing so, which cannot be comprehended by anyone but Him. This is like t he Ayah:

り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Κ ｘ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤツ ｚ プ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルやぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ツ∇ヘゎ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ (See how We favor one above anot her, and verily, t he Hereaft er will be great er in degrees and great er in favor.) (17:21). This means t hat j ust as t here are differences bet ween t hem in t his world -- where one may be poor and in st rait ened circumst ances while anot her is rich and enj oys a life of plent y -- so t hey will be in t he Hereaft er. There one will reside in apart ment s in

t he highest levels of Paradise, whilst anot her will be in t he lowest levels of Hell. As t he Prophet said, describing t he best of people in t his world:

ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ バ∠ レｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プゅ∠ヘミ∠ ベ ∠ コ͡ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ » «ロゅ∠ゎへ (He t ruly succeeds who becomes Muslim and is given j ust enough provision and Allah makes him cont ent wit h what He has given.)'' It was recorded by Muslim.

び⊥ヮヘ⊥ ヤ͡∇ガΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and what soever you spend of anyt hing, He will replace it .) means, ` what ever you spend in t he ways t hat He has commanded you and permit t ed you, He will compensat e you for it in t his world by giving you somet hing else inst ead, and in t he Hereaft er by giving you reward.' It was report ed t hat t he Prophet said:

«マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ペヘ͡ ∇ルぺ⊥ ∩∇ペ͡ヘ∇ル∠ぺ :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » (Allah says: "Spend, I will spend on you.'') In anot her Hadit h it is report ed t hat every morning, t wo angels come, and one says, "O Allah, bring dest ruct ion upon t he one who wit hholds (does not spend).'' The ot her one says, "O Allah, give compensat ion t o t he one who spends.'' And t he Messenger of Allah said:

«ゅ⇔ャゅ∠ヤ∇ホま͡ ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ヵ͡ク ∇リョ͡ ズ ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥メゅ∠ヤよ͡ ∇ペヘ͡ ∇ルぺ∠» (Spend, O Bilal, and do not fear t hat t he One Who is on t he Throne will wit hhold from you. )

￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワぺ∠ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠レΒぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ユ⊥ワゲ⊥ ん∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚイ ͡ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇モよ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ゅ⇔バ∇ヘルｚ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥ク ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボル∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ッ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ヴ͡わャｚや

(40. And (remember) t he Day when He will gat her t hem all t oget her, t hen He will say t o t he angels: "Was it you t hat t hese people used t o worship'') (41. They (t he angels) will say: "Glorified be You! You are our Prot ect or inst ead of t hem. Nay, but t hey used t o worship t he Jinn; most of t hem were believers in t hem.'') (42. So Today, none of you can profit or harm one anot her. And We shall say t o t hose who did wrong: "Tast e t he t orment of t he Fire which you used t o deny.'')

The Angels will disown Their Worshippers on the Day of Resurrection Allah t ells us t hat on t he Day of Resurrect ion, He will rebuke t he idolat ors before all of creat ion. He will ask t he angels whom t he idolat ors used t o worship, claiming t hat t heir idols were in t he form of t hese angels and t hat t hey could bring t hem nearer t o Allah. He will ask t he angels:

び∠ラヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑ͡ま ￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワぺ∠ぴ (Was it you t hat t hese people used t o worship) meaning, ` did you command t hem t o worship you' Allah says in Surat Al-Furqan:

やヲぁヤッ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ュぺ∠ ￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ン͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤヤ∠∇ッぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠￢ぺ∠ぴ び∠モΒ͡らジ ｚ ャや (Was it you who misled t hese My servant s or did t hey (t hemselves) st ray from t he (right ) pat h) (25:17). And He will say t o ` Isa, peace be upon him:

リ͡ョ リ ͡ ∇Βヰ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ ヴ ∠ ョあ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥グガ ͡ ゎｚ や サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ろ ∠ ヤ⊥ホ ろ ∠ ル∠￢ぺ∠ぴ ゅ∠ョ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ͡ャ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ びｙペエ ∠ よ͡ ヴ͡ャ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ (Did you say unt o men: "Worship me and my mot her as t wo gods besides Allah,' He will say: "Glory be t o You! It was not for me t o say what I had no right (t o say).'') (5:116). Similarly, t he angels will say:

び∠マ∠レ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ Glorified be You! meaning, exalt ed and sanct ified be You above t he not ion t hat t here could be any god besides You.

び∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レΒぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺぴ You are our Prot ect or inst ead of t hem. means, we are Your servant s and we disown t hese people before You.

びｚリイ ͡ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, but t hey used t o worship t he Jinn;) meaning, t he Shayat in, because t hey are t he ones who made idol worship at t ract ive t o t hem and who misguided t hem.

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ユ⊥ワゲ⊥ ん∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ぴ most of t hem were believers in t hem. This is like t he A0yah:

Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ⇔ん⇒∠ルま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ラ͡まぴ び⊥ヮヤｚャや ヮ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ャｚ や⇔ギΑ͡ゲョｚ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇Βセ ∠ (They invoke not hing but females besides Him, and t hey invoke not hing but Shayt an, a persist ent rebel! Allah cursed him) (4:117-118). Allah says:

び⇔やゲ∂ ッ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バ∇ヘルｚ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プぴ (So Today, none of you can profit or harm one anot her.) means, ` none of t hose idols and rivals whom you hoped would benefit you, will be of any avail t o you, t hose whom you worshipped in t he hope t hat t hey would help you at t imes of st ress and calamit y. Today t hey will have no power eit her t o benefit you or t o harm you.'

び∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ And We shall say t o t hose who did wrong: -- meaning t he idolat ors --

び∠ラヲ⊥よあグム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ヴ͡わャｚや ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥クぴ ("Tast e t he t orment of t he Fire which you used t o deny.'') meaning, t his will be said t o t hem by way of rebuke.

Ι ｚ ま͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ れ ∃ ゅ∠レΒ∂ よ∠ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αや￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠よや￢ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ｚギダ ⊥ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ

∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ン⇔ゲわ∠ ∇ヘョぁ ∀マ∇プ͡ま Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ ペ ∂エ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ルヲ⊥シケ⊥ ∇ギ∠Α ょ ∃ わ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇リョ∂ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や￢ ∇やヲ⊥ピヤ∠よ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡ら∠ホ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ Α͡グルｚ リ∂ョ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ヴ͡ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ム∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や￢ べ∠ョ ケ∠ ゅ∠ゼ∇バョ͡ び͡ゲΒ͡ムル∠ (43. And when Our Clear Verses are recit ed t o t hem, t hey say: "This is naught but a man who wishes t o hinder you from t hat which your fat hers used t o worship.'' And t hey say: "This is not hing but an invent ed lie.'' And t hose who disbelieve say of t he t rut h when it has come t o t hem: "This is not hing but evident magic!'') (44. And We had not given t hem Script ures t hat t hey could st udy, nor sent t o t hem before you any warner.) (45. And t hose before t hem denied; t hese have not received even a t ent h of what We had grant ed t o t hose (of old); yet t hey denied My Messengers. Then how (t errible) was My denial!)

The Saying of the Disbelievers about the Prophets, and its refutation Allah t ells us t hat t he disbeliever deserve t o be severely punished by Him, because when His clear Verses were recit ed t o t hem, and t hey heard t hem fresh from t he lips of His Messenger , t hey said:

ゅｚヨハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ｚギダ ⊥ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ Ι ｚ ま͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ び∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ (They say: "This is naught but a man who wishes t o hinder you from t hat which your fat hers used t o worship.'') meaning, t hat t he religion of t heir fat hers was t he t rut h and t hat what t he Messenger brought t o t hem was false -- may t he curse of Allah be upon t hem and t heir fat hers!

びン⇔ゲわ∠ ∇ヘョぁ ∀マ∇プ͡ま Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey say: "This is not hing but an invent ed lie.'') referring t o t he Qur'an. l

Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ (And t hose who disbelieve say of t he t rut h when it has come t o t hem: "This is not hing but evident magic!'') Allah says:

ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥シケ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ょ ∃ わ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇リョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ゲ∃ Α͡グルｚ リあョ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ (And We had not given t hem Script ures t hat t hey could st udy, nor sent t o t hem before you any warner) meaning, Allah did not reveal any Book t o t he Arabs before t he Qur'an, and He did not send any Prophet t o t hem before Muhammad . They used t o wish for t hat and say, ` if only a warner comes t o us or a Book is revealed t o us, we would be more guided t han ot hers,' but when Allah blessed t hem wit h t hat , t hey disbelieved him and st ubbornly rej ect ed him. Then Allah says:

び∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡ら∠ホ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hose before t hem denied;) meaning, ot her nat ions.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ べ∠ョ ケ∠ ゅ∠ゼ∇バョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ピヤ∠よ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (t hese have not received even a t ent h of what We had grant ed t o t hose (of old);) Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "Of t he power of t his world.'' This was also t he view of Qat adah, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd. This is like t he Ayat :

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚレムｚ ョｚ ラ͡ま べ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レムｚ ョ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ∇ヨシ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ べ∠ヨプ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バ∇ヨシ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇クま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ユヰ͡よ ベ ∠ ゅ∠ェヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∠エ∇イ∠Α びラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (And indeed We had firmly est ablished t hem wit h t hat wherewit h We have not est ablished you! And We had assigned t hem t he hearing, seeing, and heart s; but t heir hearing, seeing, and t heir

heart s availed t hem not hing since t hey used t o deny t he Ayat of Allah, and t hey were complet ely encircled by t hat which t hey used t o mock at !) (46: 26)

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Βプ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ん∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ び⇔りヲｚ ホ⊥ (Have t hey not t raveled t hrough t he eart h and seen what was t he end of t hose before t hem They were more in number t han t hem and might ier in st rengt h) (40:82). but t hat did not prot ect t hem from t he punishment of Allah, and Allah dest royed t hem because t hey denied His Messengers. Allah says:

び͡ゲΒム͡ ル∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ヴ͡ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ∠ム∠プぴ (yet t hey denied My Messengers. Then how (t errible) was My denial!) meaning, ` how severe was My wrat h and how great was My avenging of My Messengers.'

ヴ∠レ∇んョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ り∃ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヌ ⊥ハ ͡ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ る∃ レｚ ィ ͡ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ら͡ エ ͡ ⇒∠ダよ͡ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ン∠キや∠ゲプ⊥ ヱ∠ び ギ∃ Α͡ギセ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ンギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル Ι ｚ ま͡ (46. Say: "I exhort you t o one (t hing) only, t hat you st and up for Allah's sake in pairs and singly, and reflect , t here is no madness in your companion. He is only a warner t o you in face of a severe t orment .'')

Refutation of Their Accusation that the Prophet was Insane Allah says: ` Say, O Muhammad, t o t hese disbelievers who claim t hat you are crazy,'

び∃りギ∠ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヌ ⊥ハ ͡ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ I exhort you t o one (t hing) only, meaning, I am only t elling you t o one t hing, and t hat is:

ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ン∠キや∠ゲプ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠レ∇んョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ び∃るレｚ ィ ͡ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ら͡ エ ͡ ⇒∠ダよ͡

t hat you st and up for Alla0h s sake in pairs and singly, and reflect , t here is no madness in your companion. meaning, ` st and sincerely before Allah, wit hout being influenced by your own desires or t ribal feelings, and ask one anot her, is Muhammad crazy Advise one anot her,'

び∇やヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ and reflect means, let each person look wit hin himself concerning t he mat t er of Muhメammad , and ask ot her people about him if he is st ill confused, t hen let him t hink about t he mat t er. Alla0h says:

ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ン∠キや∠ゲプ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠レ∇んョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ び∃るレｚ ィ ͡ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ら͡ エ ͡ ⇒∠ダよ͡ (t hat you st and up for Allah's sake in pairs and singly, and reflect , t here is no madness in your companion.) This meaning was st at ed by Muj ahid, Muhammad bin Ka` b, As-Suddi, Qat adah and ot hers. This is what is meant by t he Ayah.

び∃ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ンギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ぴ (He is only a warner t o you in face of a severe t orment .) Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, comment ed on t his Ayah: "One day, t he Prophet climbed up AsSafa' and shout ed,

«ロゅ∠ェゅ∠らタ ∠ ゅ∠Α» (O people!) The Quraysh gat hered around him, and said, ` What is t he mat t er wit h you' He said,

∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ エ ⊥ あらダ ∠ Α⊥ ｚヱギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠» «ヶあルヲ⊥ホギあ ダ ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Βあジヨ∠ Α⊥ (What do you t hink If I t old you t hat t he enemy were approaching and will reach us in t he morning or in t he evening, would you believe me) They said, ` Of course.' He said:

«ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ヵギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ヶあルみ͡プ∠ » (I am a warner t o you in t he face of a severe punishment .) Abu Lahab said, ` May you perish! You have called us t oget her only t o t ell us t his' Then Allah revealed:

びょ ｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ヰ∠ ャ∠ ヴ͡よぺ∠ へ∠ギΑ∠ ∇ろらｚ ゎ∠ ぴ

(Perish t he t wo hands of Abu Lahab and perish he!) (111:1) We have already discussed t his in our Tafsir of t he Ayah:

びリ ∠ Β͡よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘやマ ∠ ゎ∠ ゲ∠ Β͡ゼハ ∠ ∇ケグ͡ ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And warn your t ribe of near kindred) (26:214).

Ι ｚ ま͡ ン ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ィぺ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ムわ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ - ギ∃ Β͡ヰセ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇モホ⊥ - ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥Βピ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ⇒ｚヤハ ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ フ ⊥ グ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤヤ∠ッ ∠ ラ͡ま ∇モホ⊥ - ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ モ ⊥ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ￢⊥ ン͡ギ∇らΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ヨら͡ プ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Αギ∠ わ∠ ∇ワや ラ ͡ ま͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ぁッ ͡ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ び ∀ょΑ͡ゲ∠ホ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴあよケ∠ ｚヴャ∠ま͡ (47. Say: "What ever wage I might have asked of you is yours. My wage is from Allah only, and He is a Wit ness over all t hings.'') (48. Say: "Verily, my Lord sends down t he t rut h, t he AllKnower of t he Unseen.'') (49. Say: "The t rut h has come, and t he falsehood can neit her creat e anyt hing nor resurrect .'') (50. Say: "If (even) I go ast ray, I shall st ray only t o my own loss. But if I remain guided, it is because of t he Revelat ion of my Lord t o me. Truly, He is All-Hearer, Ever Near.'')

I do not ask for any Reward for conveying the Message Allah commands His Messenger t o say t o t he idolat ors:

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ィぺ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ムわ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (What ever wage I might have asked of you is yours.) meaning, ` I do not want anyt hing for conveying t he Message of Allah t o you, advising you and t elling you t o worship Allah.'

び͡ヮヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ン ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ぴ My wage is from Alla0h only, means, rat her I will seek t he reward for t hat wit h Alla0h.

び∃ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ

and He is a Wit ness over all t hings. means, He knows all t hings, and He knows everyt hing about me and t he manner in which I am conveying t he Message t o you, and He knows all about you.

びゆ ͡ ヲ⊥Βピ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ⇒ｚヤハ ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ フ ⊥ グ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Verily, my Lord sends down t he t rut h, t he All-Knower of t he Unseen.'') This is like t he Ayah:

び͡ロキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゥ ∠ ヱぁゲャや ヴ͡ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ぴ (He sends t he Revelat ion by His command t o any of His servant s He wills) (40:15). meaning, He sends t he angel t o whomsoever He wills of His servant s among t he people on eart h, and He is t he All-Knower of t he Unseen; not hing what soever is hidden from Him in t he heavens or on eart h.

び ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ モ ⊥ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ￢⊥ ン͡ギ∇らΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "The t rut h has come, and t he falsehood can neit her creat e anyt hing nor resurrect .'') means, t rut h and t he great Law have come from Allah, and falsehood has gone and has perished and vanished. This is like t he Ayah:

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ピ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ギΒ∠ プ∠ モ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ フ ⊥ グ͡ ∇ボル∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ び∀ペワ͡ や∠コ (Nay, We fling t he t rut h against t he falsehood, so it dest roys it , and behold, it is vanished) (21:18). When t he Messenger of Allah ent ered Al-Masj id Al-Haram on t he day of t he conquest of Makkah, and found t hose idols st anding around t he Ka` bah, he st art ed t o hit t he idols wit h his bow, recit ing,

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ モ ∠ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ モ ⊥ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ペ ∠ ワ∠ コ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ べィ ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔ホヲ⊥ワコ∠ (And say: "The t rut h has come and t he falsehood has vanished. Surely, t he falsehood is ever bound t o vanish.'') (17:81), and:

び ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ モ ⊥ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ￢⊥ ン͡ギ∇らΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "The t rut h has come, and t he falsehood can neit her creat e anyt hing nor resurrect .'') This was recorded by Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i.

ラ ͡ ま͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ぁッ ͡ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤヤ∠ッ ∠ ラ͡ま ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びヴあよケ∠ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ヨら͡ プ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Αギ∠ わ∠ ∇ワや (Say: "If (even) I go ast ray, I shall st ray only t o my own loss. But if I remain guided, it is because of t he Revelat ion of my Lord t o me...'') means, all good comes from Allah, and in what Allah sends down of revelat ion and clear t rut h t here is guidance and wisdom. So whoever goes ast ray, does so by himself, as ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said when he was asked about some issue. He said, "I will say what I t hink, and if it is correct , t hen it is from Allah, and if it is wrong, t hen it is from me and from t he Shayt an, and Allah and His Messenger have not hing t o do wit h it .''

び∀ょΑ͡ゲホ∠ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ Truly, He is All-Hearer, Ever Near. means, He hears all t he words of His servant s, and He is always near t o respond t o t hem when t hey call on Him. An-Nasa0 0 recorded t he Hメad0t h of Abu Mu0sa0 which also appears in t he Two Sメahメ0hメs:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∩ゅ⇔らも͡ ゅ∠ビ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ユｚ タ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡» «ゅ⇔らΒ͡イョ⊥ ゅ⇔らΑ͡ゲホ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨシ ∠ (You are not calling upon one who is deaf or absent ; you are calling upon One Who is AllHearer, Ever Near and Responsive.)

ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョｚ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ れ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハゴ͡ プ∠ ∇クま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ͡ョ ス ⊥ ヱ⊥ ゅ∠レわｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴｚル∠ぺ∠ヱ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ょ ∃ Α͡ゲホ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プグ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇ら⇒∠ホ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ⇒∠ミ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ - ギ∃ Β͡バよ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ムョｚ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ェヱ∠ - ギ∃ Β͡バよ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョｚ リ͡ョ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ユ͡ヰバ͡ ⇒∠Β∇セほ∠よ͡ モ ∠ バ͡ プ⊥ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ びょ ͡ Α͡ゲョぁ マ ｙセ ∠ ヴ͡プ (51. And if you could but see, when t hey will be t errified wit h no escape, and t hey will be seized from a near place.) (52. And t hey will say: "We do believe (now);'' but how could t hey receive (Tanawush) from a place so far off.) (53. Indeed t hey did disbelieve before (in t his world), and t hey (used t o) conj ect ure about t he Unseen, from a far place.) (54. And a barrier will be set bet ween t hem and t hat which t hey desire, as was done in t he past wit h t he people

of t heir kind. Verily, t hey have been in grave doubt .) Here Allah says: ` if only you could see, O Muhammad, when t hese deniers are t errified on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and t hey have no way of escape and nowhere t o run t o and no refuge.'

び∃ょΑ͡ゲホ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョｚ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey will be seized from a near place.) means, t hey will not even be given t he slight est chance of escape, but t hey will be seized from t he first inst ant . Al-Hasan Al-Basri said: "When t hey come fort h from t heir graves.''

び͡ヮよ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will say: "We do believe (now);'') means, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hey will say, ` we believe in Allah and His angels, Books and Messengers.' This is like t he Ayah:

ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユヰ͡ シ ͡ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ジミ͡ ゅ∠ル ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ク͡ ま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バル∠ ゅ∠レ∇バィ ͡ ∇ケゅ∠プ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲダ ∠ ∇よぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥ョ ゅｚル͡ま ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ (And if you only could see when t he criminals shall hang t heir heads before t heir Lord (saying): "Our Lord! We have now seen and heard, so send us back t hat we will do right eous good deeds. Verily, we now believe wit h cert aint y.'') (32:12) Allah says:

び∃ギΒ͡バよ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ムョｚ リ͡ョ ス ⊥ ヱ⊥ ゅ∠レわｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (but how could t hey receive from a place so far off) meaning, how could t hey at t ain fait h now t hat t hey are so far removed from t he place where it could be accept ed from t hem, and t hey have ent ered t he realm of t he Hereaft er which is t he realm of reward and punishment , not t he realm of t rial and t est ing If t hey had believed in t his world, t hat would have been good for t hem, but now t hey have ent ered t he Hereaft er, t here is no way t hat t heir fait h can be accept ed, j ust as t here is no way a person can get a t hing if he is far away from it . Muj ahid said:

び⊥スヱ⊥ ゅ∠レわｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ but how could t hey At -Tana0wush∨ means, How could t hey at t ain t hat ∨ Az-Zuhri said, They will wish t o at t ain fait h when t hey have reached t he Hereaft er and are cut off from t his world. AlHメasan Al-Basメri said, They will seek somet hing when t hey have no way of at t aining it , t hey will seek fait h from a dist ant place.

び⊥モ∇ら⇒∠ホ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ⇒∠ミ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

Indeed t hey did disbelieve before, means, how can t hey at t ain fait h in t he Hereaft er when in t his world t hey disbelieved in t he t rut h and denied t he Messengers∨

び∃ギΒ͡バよ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョｚ リ͡ョ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プグ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey (used t o) conj ect ure about t he Unseen from a far place. ) Malik narrat ed from Zayd bin Aslam t hat he said:

び͡ょ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プグ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey (used t o) conj ect ure about t he Unseen,) means, "By guessing.'' as Allah says,

び͡ょ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ィケ∠ ぴ guessing at t he Unseen )18:22(. Somet imes t hey said he was a poet , somet imes t hey said he was a soot hsayer, or a sorcerer, or a mad man, or ot her baseless comment s. They denied t he idea of resurrect ion and said:

び∠リΒ͡レボ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ よ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ∂ ニ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ぁヌ ⊥ ルｚ ラ͡まぴ (we do not t hink it but as a conj ect ure, and we have no firm convincing belief.) (45:32). Qat adah and Muj ahid said, "Their belief t hat t here would be no resurrect ion, no Paradise and no Hell was based on mere conj ect ure.''

び∠ラヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ェヱ∠ ぴ (And a barrier will be set bet ween t hem and t hat which t hey desire,) Al-Hasan Al-Basri, AdDahhak and ot hers, ` This means fait h.'' As-Suddi said:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ェヱ∠ ぴ (And a barrier will be set bet ween t hem and t hat which t hey desire, ) means "Repent ance.'' This was also t he view of Ibn Jarir, may Allah have mercy on him. Muj ahid said:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ェヱ∠ ぴ (And a barrier will be set bet ween t hem and t hat which t hey desire,) means, "This world and it s wealt h, luxuries and people.'' Somet hing similar was narrat ed from Ibn ` Umar, Ibn ` Abbas and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, may Allah be pleased wit h him. It is also t he opinion of Al-Bukhari and t he Group. The correct view is t hat t here is no cont radict ion bet ween t he t wo views, for a barrier will be set bet ween t hem and what t hey desire in t his world, and what t hey seek in t he Hereaft er will be denied from t hem.

び⊥モ∇らホ∠ リあョ ユ͡ヰバ͡ ⇒∠Β∇セほ∠よ͡ モ ∠ バ͡ プ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∠ミぴ (as was done in t he past wit h t he people of t heir kind.) means, as happened t o t he nat ions of t he past who disbelieved in t he Messengers; when t he punishment of Allah came upon t hem, t hey wished t hat t hey had believed, but t his was not accept ed from t hem.

ゅ∠ル∇ゲヘ∠ ⇒∠ミヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠レシ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ゅｚヨャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α マ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ヴ͡プ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ レｚ シ ⊥ ゅ∠レシ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ ゲ∠ ジ ͡カ ∠ ヱ∠ (So, when t hey saw Our punishment , t hey said: "We believe in Allah Alone and rej ect (all) t hat we used t o associat e wit h Him as (His) part ners. "Then t heir fait h could not avail t hem when t hey saw Our punishment . (Like) t his has been t he way of Allah in dealing wit h His servant s. And t here t he disbelievers lost ut t erly.) (40:84-85).

び͡ょΑ͡ゲョぁ マ ｙセ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ Verily, t hey have been in grave doubt . means, in t his world t hey had doubt s, so t heir fait h will not be accept ed from t hem when t hey behold t he punishment wit h t heir own eyes. Qat a0dah said, Beware of doubt . For whoever dies doubt ing, will be raised doubt ing∧ and whoever dies believing, wit h cert aint y will be raised believing wit h cert aint y. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surah Saba'. Allah, may He be glorified and exalt ed, is t he Guide t o t he right way.

The Tafsir of Surah Fatir (Chapter - 35) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

モ ͡ハ ͡ ゅ∠ィ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゲ͡ デ ͡ ゅ∠プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ ノ∠ ⇒∠よケ⊥ ヱ∠ ゑ ∠ ⇒∠ヤを⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠レ∇んョｚ る∃ エ ∠ レ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ Κ ⇔シ ⊥ ケ⊥ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや

￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ (1. All praise is due t o Allah, Fat ir of t he heavens and t he eart h, Who made t he angels messengers wit h wings, t wo or t hree or four. He increases in creat ion what He wills. Verily, Allah is Able t o do all t hings.)

The Power of Allah Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "I did not know what Fat ir As-Samawat i walArd meant unt il t wo bedouins came t o me disput ing over a well. One of t hem said t o his companion, ` Ana Fat art uha,' meaning, ` I st art ed it .''' Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, also said,

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ デ ͡ ゅ∠プぴ (Fat ir of t he heavens and t he eart h,) means, "The Originat or of t he heavens and t he eart h.'' AdDahhak said, "Every t ime t he phrase Fat ir As-Samawat i wal-Ard is used in t he Qur'an, it means t he Creat or of t he heavens and t he eart h.''

び⇔Κシ ⊥ ケ⊥ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ハ ͡ ゅ∠ィぴ (Who made t he angels messengers) means, bet ween Him and His Prophet s.

び∃るエ ∠ レ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ wit h wings means, wit h which t hey fly t o convey quickly t hat which t hey have been commanded t o convey.

び∠ネゅ∠よケ⊥ ヱ∠ ゑ ∠ ⇒∠ヤを⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠レ∇んョ∠ ぴ t wo or t hree or four. means, among t hem are some who have t wo wings, some have t hree and some who have four. Some have more t han t hat , as st at ed in t he Hメad0t h ment ioning t hat t he Messenger of Alla0h saw Jibr0l, peace be upon him, on t he Night of t he Isra0 wit h six hundred wings. Bet ween each pair of wings was a dist ance like t hat bet ween t he east and t he west . Alla0h says:

￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ ぴ び∀ゲΑ͡ギホ∠

(He increases in creat ion what He wills. Verily, Allah is Able t o do all t hings.) As-Suddi said, "He increases t heir wings and creat es t hem as He wills.''

ゅ∠ヰャ∠ マ ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヨョ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ョ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ウ ͡ わ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅｚョぴ ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲョ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇マジ ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ び ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや (2. What ever of mercy, Allah may grant t o mankind, none can wit hhold it ; and what ever He may wit hhold, none can grant it t hereaft er. And He is t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.)

None can withhold the Mercy of Allah Allah t ells us t hat what He wills, happens, and what He does not will, does not happen. None can give what He wit hholds, and none can wit hhold what He gives. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Warrad, t he freed slave of Al-Mughirah bin Shu` bah, said, "Mu` awiyah wrot e t o AlMughirah bin Shu` bah, saying, ` Writ e for me what you heard from t he Messenger of Allah .' So Al-Mughirah called me and I wrot e for him: ` I heard t he Messenger of Allah say when he finished praying,

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ マ ∠ Α͡ゲセ ∠ ゅ∠ャ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ャ» ノ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ャ ｚユヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや ∩∀ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ギ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや や∠ク ノ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠ろ∇バレ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ヶ ∠ト ͡ ∇バョ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βト ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ «ギ∠イ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇レョ͡ ギあ イ ∠ ∇ャや (There is no god (wort hy of worship) except Allah alone, wit h no part ner or associat e. To Him be praise and dominion, and He is able t o do all t hings. O Allah, t here is none who can wit hhold what You give, and none can give what You wit hhold, and and good fort une and richness in anyt hing cannot benefit one against Your will.) ` And I heard him forbid gossiping, asking t oo many quest ions and wast ing money, burying girls alive, disobeying one's mot her, and wit hholding from ot hers while asking from t hem.''' This was also recorded by Al-Bukhari and Muslim, wit h several chain of narrat ion. It was recorded in Sahih Muslim t hat Abu Sa` id AlKhudri, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "When t he Messenger of Allah raised his head from bowing, he would say:

￢⊥ ∇モョ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ｚユヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや ∩⊥ロギ∠ ヨ͡ ェ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ノ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠» ∩⊥ギ∇バよ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ゃセ ͡ ゅ∠ョ ￢⊥ ∇モョ͡ ヱ∠ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや

ゅ∠レヤぁミ⊥ ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ョ ペ ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠∩͡ギ∇イヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ ゅ∠レんｚ ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ヶ ∠ト ͡ ∇バョ⊥ ゅャ∠ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βト ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ノ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ャ ｚユヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや ∩∀ギ∇ら∠ハ マ ∠ ャ∠ «ギ∠イ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇レョ͡ ギあ イ ∠ ∇ャや や∠ク ノ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠ろ∇バレ∠ ョ∠ (Allah hears t hose who praise Him. O Allah, our Lord, t o You be praise, filling t he heavens and t he eart h, and filling what ever You wish besides. O Allah, t he One deserving praise and glory. The t ruest words t hat any servant says -- and all of us are Your servant s -- are: O Allah, t here is none who can wit hhold what You give, and none can give what You wit hhold, and no wealt h or maj est y can benefit anyone against Your will.)'' This Ayah is like t he Ayah:

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ブ ∠ セ ͡ ゅ∠ミ Κ ∠ プ∠ ｙゲツ ⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや マ ∠ ∇ジジ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮヤ͡∇ツヘ∠ ャ͡ キｚ へ∠ケ Κ ∠ プ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ ポ ∠ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ (And if Allah t ouches you wit h harm, t here is none who can remove it but He; and if He int ends any good for you, t here is none who can repel His favor) (10:107). And t here are many similar Ayat .

∇リョ͡ ∇モワ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ Ι ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ペ ∃ ヤ͡⇒∠カ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムプ∠ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヴｚルほ∠プ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ (3. O mankind! Remember t he grace of Allah upon you! Is t here any creat or ot her t han Allah who provides for you from t he sky (rain) and t he eart h La ilaha illa Huwa. How t hen are you t urning away (from Him))

The Evidence of Tawhid Allah shows His servant s t hat t hey should worship Him Alone, for j ust as He is Independent in His power of creat ion and provision, so He should be worshipped Alone wit h no part ners or associat es such as idols and false gods. So Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥ムプ∠ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヴｚルほ∠プ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ぴ (La ilaha illa Huwa. How t hen are you t urning away (from Him)) meaning, ` how can you t urn away from Him aft er t his has been made clear and t his proof has been made obvious, but you st ill worship idols and false gods' And Allah knows best .

ヴ∠ャ͡ま∠ヱ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ∀モシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ろよ∠ グあ ミ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ Α⊥ ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ - ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ョΙ ｙ や ノ⊥ ィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ユム⊥ ｚルｚゲピ⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚルｚゲピ⊥ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ペ ｘェ ∠ や⇔ヱ∂ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グ͡ガゎｚ ゅ∠プ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ - ケ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲピ∠ ∇ャや び ゲ͡ Β͡バジ ｚ ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ∇ゴェ ͡ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ (4. And if t hey deny you, so were Messengers denied before you. And t o Allah ret urn all mat t ers.) (5. O mankind! Verily, t he promise of Allah is t rue. So, let not t his present life deceive you, and let not t he chief deceiver deceive you about Allah.) (6. Surely, Shayt an is an enemy t o you, so t ake (t reat ) him as an enemy. He only invit es his followers t hat t hey may become t he dwellers of t he blazing Fire.)

Consolation in the fact that the previous Messengers were denied, and a reminder of the Resurrection Allah says: ` Even if t hese idolat ors who associat e ot hers wit h Allah disbelieve in you, O Muhammad, and go against t he Message of Tawhid t hat you have brought , you have an example in t he Messengers who came before you.' They also brought a clear Message t o t heir people and t old t hem t o worship Allah alone, but t heir people denied t hem and went against t hem.

び⊥ケヲ⊥ョΕ ⊥ や ノ⊥ ィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t o Allah ret urn all mat t ers (for decision).) means, ` We will requit e t hem for t hat in full.' Then Allah says:

びｘペェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O mankind! Verily, t he promise of Allah is t rue.) meaning t he Resurrect ion will undoubt edy come t o pass.

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚルｚゲピ⊥ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, let not t his present life deceive you,) means, ` t his life is as not hing in compare t o t he great good t hat Allah has promised t o His close friends and t he followers of His Messengers, so do not let t hese t ransient at t ract ions dist ract you from t hat which is last ing.'

び⊥ケヱ⊥ゲピ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ムルｚ ゲｚ ピ⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and let not t he chief deceiver deceive you about Allah.) This refers t o Shayt an, as st at ed by Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him. Meaning, do not let t he Shayt an t empt you and divert you away from following t he Messengers of Allah and believing what t hey say, for he is t he chief deceiver and arch-liar. This Ayah is like t he Ayah t hat appears at t he end of Surah Luqman:

ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ムルｚ ゲｚ ピ⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲΒ∠ エ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚルｚゲピ⊥ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ び⊥ケヱ⊥ゲピ∠ ∇ャや (let not t hen t his (worldly) present life deceive you, nor let t he chief deceiver deceive you about Allah) (31:33). Then Allah t ells us of t he enmit y of Iblis t owards t he sons of Adam:

び⇔やヱ∂ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グガ ͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, Shayt an is an enemy t o you, so t ake (t reat ) him as an enemy.) meaning, ` he has declared his enmit y t owards you, so be even more host ile t owards him, oppose him and do not believe t he t hings wit h which he t ries t o t empt you.'

び͡ゲΒ͡バジ ｚ ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ∇ゴェ ͡ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (He only invit es his followers t hat t hey may become t he dwellers of t he blazing Fire.) means, ` he only want s t o misguide you so t hat you will ent er t he blazing Fire wit h him.' This is a manifest enemy, and we ask Allah, t he All-Powerful and Almight y t o make us enemies of Shayt an and t o make us followers of t he Book of Allah and of t he way of His Messengers. For He is able t o do what ever He wills and He will respond t o all supplicat ion. This is like t he Ayah:

Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ∠ジ ∠ プ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ Γ ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇シや る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ペ ∠ジ ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ザ ∠ Β͡ヤ∇よま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ｚΑあケク⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ わ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ びΙ ⇔ ギ∠ よ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャ ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ (And (remember) when We said t o t he angels: "Prost rat e yourselves unt o Adam.'' So t hey prost rat ed t hemselves except Iblis. He was one of t he Jinn; he disobeyed t he command of his Lord. Will you t hen t ake him (Iblis) and his offspring as prot ect ors and helpers rat her t han Me while t hey are enemies t o you What an evil is t he exchange for t he wrongdoers.) (18:50)

∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠セ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ - ∀ゲΒ͡ら∠ミ ∀ゲ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ジェ ∠ ロ⊥ や∠￢ゲ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ￢∠ ヲ⊥シ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Αあ コ⊥ リ∠ヨ∠プ∠ぺ ∇ょワ∠ ∇グゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ぁモツ ͡ Α⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ れ ∃ ゲ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ジ ⊥ ∇ヘル∠ び (7. Those who disbelieve, t heirs will be a severe t orment ; and t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, t heirs will be forgiveness and a great reward.) (8. Is he, t hen, t o whom t he evil of his deeds is made fairseeming, so t hat he considers it as good Verily, Allah sends ast ray whom He wills, and guides whom He wills. So dest roy not yourself in sorrow for t hem. Truly, Allah is t he All-Knower of what t hey do!)

The Punishment of the Disbeliever and the Reward of the Believer on the Day of Resurrection Having st at ed t hat t he ult imat e dest iny of t he followers of Iblis will be t he blazing Fire, Allah t hen t ells us t hat for t hose who disbelieve t here will be a severe punishment . This is because t hey obeyed t he Shayt an and disobeyed Ar-Rahman. And He t ells us t hat t hose who believed in Allah and His Messengers

び∀りゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤ͡ヨ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (and do right eous good deeds, t heirs will be forgiveness) meaning, from what ever sins t hey did,

び∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゲ∀ ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ and a great reward. for t he good deeds t hat t hey did. Then Alla0h says:

び⇔ゅレ∠ジェ ∠ ロ⊥ や∠￢ゲ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ￢∠ ヲ⊥シ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Αあ コ⊥ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Is he, t hen, t o whom t he evil of his deeds is made fairseeming, so t hat he considers it as good) meaning, ` such as disbelievers or immoral persons who do evil deeds and believe t hat t hey are doing somet hing good, i.e., a person who is like t hat has been misguided by Allah, so what can you do for him You cannot help him at all.'

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ぁモツ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (Verily, Allah sends ast ray whom He wills and guides whom He wills.) means according t o His decree.

び∃れゲ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ジ ⊥ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ょワ∠ ∇グゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So dest roy not yourself in sorrow for t hem. ) means, do not grieve about t hat , for Allah is Wise in His decree and He leaves ast ray whomsoever He leaves ast ray, and He guides whomsoever He guides, and in doing so He has perfect knowledge and wisdom. Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, Allah is t he All-Knower of what t hey do!)

ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ボジ ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠エシ ∠ ゲ⊥ Β͡んわ⊥ プ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠Αゲあ ャや モ ∠シ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠Β∇ェ∠ほ∠プ ろ ∃ Βあ ョｚ ギ∃ ヤ∠よ∠ ヴャ∠ま͡ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ り⊥ ｚゴバ͡ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚヤ͡プ∠ り∠ ゴｚ バ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ - ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ゼレぁ ャや ヮ⊥ バ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ウ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒ｚダャや モ ⊥ ヨ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ⊥ Βあ ト ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ムョ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠セ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ リ͡ョ ｚユを⊥ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲゎ⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ - ケ⊥ ヲ⊥らΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ん∇ルぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ モ ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ィ∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ る∃ ヘ∠ ∇トルぁ ゾ ⊥ ボ∠ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ヨｚ バ∠ ョぁ リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ ｚヨバ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ノ⊥ ツ ∠ ゎ∠ び ∀ゲΒ͡ジ∠Α ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ヨ⊥ ハ ⊥ ∇リョ͡ (9. And it is Allah Who sends t he winds, so t hat t hey raise up t he clouds, and We drive t hem t o a dead land, and revive t herewit h t he eart h aft er it s deat h. As such (will be) t he Resurrect ion!) (10. Whosoever desires Al-` Izzah t hen t o Allah belongs Al-` Izzah. To Him ascend t he good words, and t he right eous deeds exalt it , but t hose who plot evils, t heirs will be a severe t orment . And t he plot t ing of such will perish.) (11. And Allah did creat e you from dust , t hen from Nut fah, t hen He made you pairs. And no female conceives or gives birt h but wit h His knowledge. And no aged man is grant ed a lengt h of life nor is a part cut off from his life, but is in a Book. Surely, t hat is easy for Allah.)

Evidence of Life after Death Oft en Allah refers t o t he Resurrect ion by using t he analogy of t he eart h coming back t o life aft er it has died, as in t he beginning of Surat Al-Haj j , where He urges His servant s t o draw t he lesson of t he former from t he lat t er. For t he eart h is dead and lifeless, wit h not hing growing in it , t hen He sends t o it clouds which bring wat er, which He sends down upon it ,

び∃アΒ͡ヰよ∠ ァ ∃ ∇ヱコ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ∇ろわ∠ ら∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ろよ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇れゴｚ わ∠ ∇ワやぴ (it is st irred (t o life), and it swells and put s fort h every lovely kind (of growt h)) (22:5). So t oo, when Allah wishes t o resurrect t he bodies, He will send rain from beneat h t he Throne which will cover t he whole eart h, and t he bodies will grow in t heir graves like seeds grow in t he eart h. It says in t he Sahih:

ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∩͡ょル∠ グｚ ャや ょ ⊥ ∇イハ ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヴ∠ヤ∇ら∠Α ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ͡ ∇よや モ ぁ ミ⊥ » «ょｚミゲ∠ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ (Every part of t he son of Adam will disint egrat e apart from t he coccyx, from which he was creat ed and from him he will be made anew.) Allah says:

び⊥ケヲ⊥ゼレぁ ャや マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ As such (will be) t he Resurrect ion! According t o t he Hメad0t h of Abu Raz0n: I said, O Messenger of Alla0h, how will Alla0h bring t he dead back t o life∨ What is t he sign of t hat in His creat ion∨ He said:

ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔ヤエ ͡ ∇ヨョ⊥ マ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヵ͡キや∠ヲよ͡ れ ∠ ∇ケゲ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ リ ∃ Α͡コケ∠ ゅ∠よ∠ぺ ゅ∠Α» «や⇔ゲツ ͡ カ ∠ ゴぁ わ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ れ ∠ ∇ケゲ∠ ョ∠ (O Abu Razin, do you not pass t hrough t he valley of your people (and see it ) arid and barren, t hen you pass t hrough it (and see it ) st irred (t o life) and green) I said, ` Yes.' He said:

«ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ぶ ⊥ や ヶ͡Β∇エΑ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ム∠ プ∠ » (Thus will Allah bring t he dead back t o life.)''

Honor, Power and Glory in this World and in the Hereafter come only by obeying Allah

び⇔ゅバΒ͡ヨィ ∠ り⊥ ｚゴバ͡ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚヤ͡プ∠ り∠ ゴｚ バ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョぴ (Whosoever desires Al-` Izzah t hen t o Allah belongs all Al-` Izzah.) means, whoever desires honor, power and glory in t his world and t he next , let him be obedient t owards Allah, may He be exalt ed. This will help him reach his goal, for Allah is t he Sovereign of t his world and t he Hereaft er, and t o Him belong all honor, power and glory. This is like t he Ayat :

ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ∠ラヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ り∠ ゴｚ バ͡ ャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ り∠ ゴｚ バ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや び ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ (Those who t ake disbelievers for prot ect ors inst ead of believers, do t hey seek Al-` Izzah wit h t hem Verily, t hen t o Allah belongs all honor, power and glory.) (4:139)

び⇔ゅバΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ り∠ ゴｚ バ͡ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ マ ∠ ル⊥ゴ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And let not t heir speech grieve you, for all Al-` Izzah belongs t o Allah) (10:65).

リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シゲ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ り⊥ ｚゴバ͡ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや (But Al-` Izzah belongs t o Allah, and t o His Messenger, and t o t he believers, but t he hypocrit es know not ) (63:8). Muj ahid said:

び∠りゴｚ バ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョぴ (Whosoever desires Al-` Izzah) means, by worshipping idols,

び⇔ゅバΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ り∠ ゴｚ バ͡ ャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (t hen t o Allah belongs Al-` Izzah).

び⇔ゅバΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ り∠ ゴｚ バ͡ ャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ り∠ ゴｚ バ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョぴ (Whosoever desires Al-` Izzah t hen t o Allah belongs Al-` Izzah.) means, let him seek honor, power and glory t hrough obeying Allah, may He be glorified.

Righteous Deeds ascend to Allah

び⊥ょΒあ ト ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ぴ (To Him ascend t he good words,) means, words of remembrance, recit at ion of Qur'an, and supplicat ions. This was t he view of more t han one of t he Salaf. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat AlMukhariq bin Sulaym said t hat "` Abdullah bin Mas` ud, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t o t hem, "If we t ell you a Hadit h, we will bring you proof of it from t he Book of Allah. When t he Muslim servant s says, ` Glory and praise be t o Allah, t here is no god wort hy of worship except Allah, Allah is Most Great and blessed be Allah,' an angel t akes t hese words and put s t hem under his wing, t hen he ascends wit h t hem t o t he heaven. He does not t ake t hem past any group of angels but t hey seek forgiveness for t he one who said t hem, unt il he brings t hem before Allah, may He be glorif ied.'' Then ` Abdullah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, recit ed:

ウ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒ｚダャや モ ⊥ ヨ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ⊥ Βあ ト ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ぴ び⊥ヮバ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ (To Him ascend t he good words, and t he right eous deeds exalt it ).'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat An-Nu` man bin Bashir, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ヮ͡ エ ͡ Β͡ら∇ジゎ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぶ ͡ や メ ͡ ゅ∠ヤィ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぶ ∠ や ラ ∠ ヱゲ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや» メ ∠ ∇ヲェ ∠ リ ∠ ∇ヘデ ∠ ゅ∠バわ∠ Α∠ ∩͡ヮヤ͡Β͡ヤ∇ヰゎ∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β͡ヨ∇エゎ∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ Β͡ら∇ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ ∩͡モ∇エレｚ ャや ヵ あ ヱ͡ ギ∠ ミ∠ ヵ ｘ ヱ͡ キ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ や∠ゴΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∩ｚリヰ͡ ら͡ ェ ͡ ゅ∠ダよ͡ «ヮ͡よ ゲ⊥ あミグ∠ Α⊥ ∀￢∇ヶ∠セ ぶ ͡ や (Those who remember Allah and glory Allah by saying, ` Glory be t o Allah, Allah is most Great , all praise is due t o Allah and La ilaha illallah, t hese words go around t he Throne buzzing like bees, ment ioning t hose who said t hem. Would one of you not like t o have somet hing wit h Allah ment ioning him)'' This was also recorded by Ibn Maj ah.

び⊥ヮバ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ウ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒ｚダャや モ ⊥ ヨ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ and t he right eous deeds exalt it . Ali bin Abi Tメalhメah report ed t hat Ibn Abba0s, may Alla0h be pleased wit h him, said, The good word is t he remembrance of Alla0h, may He be exalt ed, which is t aken up t o Alla0h, and t he right eous deed is t he performance of obligat ory dut ies. Whoever remembers Alla0h when doing an obligat ory dut y, his deed carries his remembrance

of Alla0h and t akes it up t o Alla0h, may He be exalt ed. Whoever remembers Alla0h and does not perform t he obligat ory dut ies, his words will be rej ect ed, as will his deed.

び͡れゅ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ but t hose who plot evils, Muj a0hid, Sa 0d bin Jubayr and Shahr bin Hメawshab said, This refers t o t hose who show off by t heir act ions, i.e., t hey deceive t he people by giving t he impression t hat t hey are obeying Alla0h, when in fact t hey are hat ed by Alla0h for showing off. Alla0h says:

び⊥ケヲ⊥らΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ムョ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠セ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (t heirs will be severe t orment . And t he plot t ing of such will perish.) meaning, it will fail and vanish, for t heir realit y is apparent from up close t o t hose who have insight and wisdom. No one conceals a secret but Allah will cause it t o become known, on his face or by a slip of t he t ongue, or He will cause t he person t o wear it like a cloak (so t hat everyone will see it ). If it is good, t hen t he consequences will be good, and if it is bad, t hen t he consequences will be bad. The person who shows off cannot cont inue t o deceive anyone but t he fool, but t he believers who have insight are not deceived by t hat ; from up close, t hey soon discover it . And not hing at all can be hidden from t he Knower of t he Unseen (Allah).

Allah is the Creator and Knower of the Unseen

び∃るヘ∠ ∇トルぁ リ͡ョ ｚユを⊥ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲゎ⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah did creat e you from dust , t hen from Nut fah,) means, He init iat ed t he creat ion of your fat her Adam from dust , t hen He creat ed his offspring from semen of wort hless wat er.

び⇔ゅィ∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ t hen He made you pairs. means, male and female, as a kindness and a mercy from Him, He gave you part ners from your own kind, t hat you may find repose in t hem.

び͡ヮヨ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ノ⊥ ツ ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ん∇ルぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ モ ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And no female conceives or gives birt h but wit h His knowledge.) means, He knows about t hat and not hing is hidden from Him at all, but ,

ヴ͡プ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ ホ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ リ͡ョ テ ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ザ ∃ よ͡ ゅ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ∇デケ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ び∃リΒ͡らョぁ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ (not a leaf falls, but He knows it . There is not a grain in t he darkness of t he eart h nor anyt hing fresh or dry, but is writ t en in a Clear Record.) (6:59) We have already discussed in t his respect in t he Ayah:

ュ⊥ ゅ∠ェ∇ケΙ ｘやヂ ⊥ Β͡ピゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ∠んル⊥ぺ ぁモミ⊥ モ ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ハ - ∃ケや∠ギ∇ボ͡ヨ͡よ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヱ∠ キ⊥ や∠キ∇ゴゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ びメ ͡ ゅ∠バわ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Β͡らム∠ ∇ャや り͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ (Allah knows what every female bears, and by how much t he wombs fall short or exceed. Everyt hing wit h Him is in (due) proport ion. All-Knower of t he unseen and t he seen, t he Most Great , t he Most High.) (13:8-9).

Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ヨ⊥ ハ ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゾ ⊥ ボ∠ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ヨｚ バ∠ ョぁ リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ ｚヨバ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∃ょ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ (And no aged man is grant ed a lengt h of life nor is a part cut off from his life, but is in a Book.) means, some of t hose sperm are grant ed a long life, which He knows and it is recorded wit h Him in t he First Book.

び͡ロゲ͡ ヨ⊥ ハ ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゾ ⊥ ボ∠ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ nor is a part cut off from his life, Here t he pronoun (his) refers t o mankind in general, not t o a specific person, because t he long life which is recorded in t he Book and is known by Alla0h will not be cut off. It was report ed via Al- Awfi t hat Ibn Abba0s said concerning t he A0yah,

Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ヨ⊥ ハ ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゾ ⊥ ボ∠ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ヨｚ バ∠ ョぁ リョ͡ ゲ⊥ ｚヨバ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∀ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ (And no aged man is grant ed a lengt h of life nor is a part cut off from his life, but is in a Book. Surely, t hat is easy for Allah.) There is no one for whom Allah has decreed a long life but he will reach t he age t hat has been decreed for him. When he reaches t he t ime t hat has been

decreed for him, he will not surpass it . And t here is no one for whom Allah has decreed a short life but it will end when he reaches t he age t hat has been decreed for him. Allah says:

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ヨ⊥ ハ ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゾ ⊥ ボ∠ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∀ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (nor is a part cut off from his life, but is in a Book. Surely, t hat is easy for Allah.) He said, "That is recorded in a Book wit h Him.'' This was also t he view of Ad-Dahhak bin Muzahim. On t he ot her hand, some of t hem said, "The phrase

び∃ゲヨｚ バ∠ ョぁ リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ ｚヨバ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And no aged man is grant ed a lengt h of life) means, what He decrees for him of life, and

び͡ロゲ͡ ヨ⊥ ハ ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゾ ⊥ ボ∠ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ nor is a part cut off from his life means, his t ime is const ant ly decreasing. All of t his is known t o Alla0h year aft er year, mont h aft er mont h, week aft er week, day aft er day, hour aft er hour. Everyt hing is writ t en wit h Alla0h in His Book. This was report ed by Ibn Jar0r from Abu Ma0lik, and was also t he view of As-Suddi and At メa0 Al-Khura0sa0ni. In t he Tafsir of t his Ayah, AnNasa'i recorded t hat Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah say:

ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ほ∠ジ ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ホ͡ ∇コケ͡ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ テ ∠ジ ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ロ⊥ ｚゲシ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ヮ∠ヨェ ͡ ケ∠ ∇モダ ͡ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ を∠ ぺ∠ (Whoever would like t o have ample provision and a long life, let him uphold t he t ies of kinship.)'' It was also recorded by Al-Bukhari, Muslim and Abu Dawud.

び∀ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ Surely, t hat is easy for Alla0h. means, t hat is very easy for Him, and He has det ailed knowledge of all His creat ion, for His knowledge encompasses all t hings, and not hing at all is hidden from Him.

∀ヒ͡もべ∠シ ∀れや∠ゲプ⊥ ∀ゆ∇グ∠ハ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ͡ や∠ゲ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ゅ⇔ヨ∇エャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ｙモミ⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ ∀ァゅ∠ィぺ⊥ ∀ウ∇ヤ͡ョ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ や∠ゲセ ∠

マ ∠ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ジら∠ ∇ヤゎ∠ る⇔ Β∠ ∇ヤェ ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Α∂ ゲ͡ デ ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らわ∠ ャ͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡ や∠ヲョ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ (12. And t he t wo seas (kinds of wat er) are not alike: t his is palat able, sweet and pleasant t o drink, and t hat is salt y and bit t er. And from t hem bot h you eat fresh t ender meat (fish), and derive t he ornament s t hat you wear. And you see t he ships cleaving, t hat you may seek of His bount y, and t hat you may give t hanks.)

The Blessings and Signs of Allah Allah says, point ing out His might y power in creat ing different t hings, how He has creat ed t he t wo seas (kinds of wat er). The fresh, palat able sea (kind of wat er) refers t o t he rivers which flow among people, rivers great and small according t o people's needs in all regions and areas and lands. This wat er is sweet and palat able for whoever want s t o drink it .

び∀ァゅ∠ィぺ⊥ ∀ウ∇ヤ͡ョ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ぴ and t hat is salt y and bit t er. means, unpalat able. This is t he ocean in which t he big ships sail, and is salt y and undrinkable. Alla0h says:

び∀ァゅ∠ィぺ⊥ ∀ウ∇ヤ͡ョ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat is salt y and bit t ery.) Then Allah says:

び⇔ゅΑ∂ ゲ͡ デ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇エャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ｙモミ⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (And from t hem bot h you eat fresh t ender meat ,) meaning, fish.

びゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ジら∠ ∇ヤゎ∠ る⇔ Β∠ ∇ヤェ ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and derive t he ornament s t hat you wear.) This is like t he Ayah:

￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ィ∇ゲヨ∠ ャや∠ヱ ぽ⊥ ャ⊥∇ぽヤぁャや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ぴ びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ (Out of t hem bot h come out pearl and coral. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h (Jinn and men) deny) (55:22-23).

び∠ゲカ ͡ や∠ヲョ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ マ ∠ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ And you see t he ships cleaving, means, t hey t ravel t hrough it , plowing t hrough t he wat er wit h t heir beak-shaped bows. Muj a0hid said, The wind drives t he ships, and t he wind cannot drive any ships except t he big ones.

び͡ヮヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ t hat you may seek of His bount y, means, t hrough your j ourneys t o engage in t rade from one land t o anot her.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ and t hat you may give t hanks. means, t hat you may give t hanks t o your Lord for subj ugat ing t his might y creat ion -- t he sea -- t o you, so t hat you can t ravel t hrough it as you wish and go wherever you want , and not hing st ops you∧ His power has subj ugat ed for you what ever is in t he heavens and on eart h, and all of t his is by His grace and mercy.

モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ヴ͡プ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ア ⊥ ャ͡ヲ⊥Αヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ヴ͡プ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ア ⊥ ャ͡ヲ⊥Αぴ ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∃ィ ∠Ι ６ ン͡ゲ∇イΑ∠ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ラ͡ま - ゲ∃ Β͡ヨ∇トホ͡ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ハキ⊥ び ゲ∃ Β͡らカ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ マ ∠ ゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒͡ミ∇ゲゼ ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや (13. He merges t he night int o t he day, and He merges t he day int o t he night . And He has subj ect ed t he sun and t he moon, each runs it s course for a t erm appoint ed. Such is Allah, your Lord; His is t he kingdom. And t hose, whom you invoke or call upon inst ead of Him, own not even a Qit mir.) (14. If you invoke t hem, t hey hear your call; and if (in case) t hey were t o hear, t hey could not grant it t o you. And on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hey will disown your worshipping t hem. And none can inform you like Him Who is t he All-Knower.)

The gods of the Idolators do not even own a Qitmir Anot her aspect of His perfect power and might is t hat He has subj ugat ed t he night wit h it s darkness and t he day wit h it s light . He t akes from t he lengt h of t he one and adds it t o t he short ness of t he ot her, unt il t hey become equal. Then He t akes from t he lat t er and adds t o t he

former, so one becomes long and t he ot her becomes short , so t hey t ake from one anot her in summer and in wint er.

び∠ゲヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He has subj ect ed t he sun and t he moon,) and t he st ars and planet s, wit h t heir light . All of t hem run in t heir appoint ed courses and in t he manner prescribed for t hem, as decreed by t he Almight y, All-Knowing.

びヴ６ヨ⇒∠ジョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ィΙ ６ ン͡ゲ∇イΑ∠ モ ｘ ⇒⊥ミぴ each runs it s course for a t erm appoint ed. means, unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion.

び∇ユム⊥ ⇒ぁよケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ⇒⊥ムャ͡ク∠ ぴ Such is Alla0h, your Lord∨ means, t he One Who has done all t his is t he Almight y Lord besides Whom t here is no ot her t rue God.

び͡ヮル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose, whom you invoke or call upon inst ead of Him,) means, ` t he idols and false gods whom you claim t o be in t he form of angels who are close t o Allah,'

び∃ゲΒ͡ヨ∇トホ͡ リ͡ョ ∠ラヲ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ヨ∠Α ゅ∠ョぴ own not even a Qit メm0r. Ibn Abba0s, may Alla0h be pleased wit h him, Muj a0hid, Ikrimah, At a0 , At メiyah Al- Awfi, Al-Hメasan, Qat a0dah and ot hers said, This is t he t hread t hat is at t ached t o t he pit of a dat e. In ot her words, t hey do not possess anyt hing in t he heavens or on eart h, not even anyt hing equivalent t o t his Qit メm0r. Then Alla0h says:

び∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ハキ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ (If you invoke t hem, t hey hear not your call;) means, ` t he gods upon whom you call inst ead of Allah, do not hear your supplicat ion, because t hey are inanimat e and have no soul in t hem.'

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and if (in case) t hey were t o hear, t hey could not grant it t o you.) means, ` t hey are not able t o do any of t he t hings t hat you ask t hem for.'

び∇ユム⊥ ⇒͡ミ∇ゲゼ ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

And on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hey will disown your worshipping t hem means, ` t hey will disown you.' This is like t he Ayat :

Ι ｚ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リｚヨョ͡ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ハキ⊥ リ∠ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ⊥ Β͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ギ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ゼ ͡ェ ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ (And who is more ast ray t han one who calls on besides Allah, such as will not answer him t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion, and who are (even) unaware of t heir calls t o t hem And when mankind are gat hered, t hey (false deit ies) will become t heir enemies and will deny t heir worshipping.) (46:5-6), and

び や⇔ゴ∂ ハ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャあ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や￢ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ び や⇔ギ∂ ッ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠らバ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΒ∠ シ ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (And t hey have t aken gods besides Allah, t hat t hey might give t hem honor, power and glory. Nay, but t hey will deny t heir worship of t hem, and become opponent s t o t hem.) (19:81-82)

び∃ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ マ ∠ ゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And none can inform you like Him Who is t he All-Knower.) means, no one can t ell you about t he consequences of t hings and how t hey will end like t he One Who is t he All-Knower of t hem. Qat adah said, "He is referring t o Himself, may He be blessed and exalt ed, for He undoubt edly t ells t he t rut h.''

ヴ ぁ レ͡ ピ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢⊥ へ∠ゲボ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ル∠ぺ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ギ∃ Α͡ギィ ∠ ペ ∃ ∇ヤガ ∠ よ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユ⇒⊥ム∇らワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ Α∠ ラ͡ま - ギ⊥ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ケ∠ ∇コヱ͡ り∀ ケ∠ コ͡ や∠ヱ ケ⊥ ゴ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゴ∃ Α͡ゴバ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ヨェ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ る∀ ヤ∠ボ∠ ∇んョ⊥ ネ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ケ⊥ グ͡ レ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ヴ∠よ∇ゲホ⊥ や∠ク ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ

ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ヴｚミゴ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ヴｚミ∠ゴ∠わ∠Α (15. O mankind! it is you who st and in need of Allah. But Allah is t he Rich, Wort hy of all praise.) (16. If He willed, He could dest roy you and bring about a new creat ion.) (17. And t hat is not hard for Allah.) (18. And no bearer of burdens shall bear anot her's burden; and if one heavily laden calls anot her t o (bear) his load, not hing of it will be lift ed even t hough he be near of kin. You can warn only t hose who fear t heir Lord unseen and perform t he Salah. And he who purifies himself (from all kinds of sins), t hen he purifies only for t he benefit of himself. And t o Allah is t he Ret urn (of all).)

Mankind is in need of Allah, and each Person will carry His own Burdens on the Day of Resurrection Allah t ells us t hat He has no need of anyone or anyt hing else, but all of creat ion is in need of Him and is in a posit ion of humilit y before Him. He says:

び͡ヮヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢⊥ へ∠ゲボ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ル∠ぺ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O mankind! it is you who st and in need of Allah.) meaning, t hey need Him in all t hat t hey do, but He has no need of t hem at all. Allah says:

び⊥ギΒ͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ぁ レ͡ ピ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ But Alla0h is t he Rich, Wort hy of all praise. meaning, He is unique in His being Free of all needs, and has no part ner or associat e, and He is Wort hy of all praise in all t hat He does, says, decrees and legislat es.

び ギ∃ Α͡ギィ ∠ ペ ∃ ∇ヤガ ∠ よ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユ⇒⊥ム∇らワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まぴ (If He willed, He could dest roy you and bring about a new creat ion.) means, if He want ed t o, He could dest roy you and bring fort h anot her people, and t his is not difficult or impossible for Him. He says:

び ゴ∃ Α͡ゴバ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat is not hard for Allah.) Allah's saying:

びン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ケ∠ ∇コヱ͡ り∀ ケ∠ コ͡ や∠ヱ ケ⊥ ゴ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And no bearer of burdens shall bear anot her's burden;) means, on t he Day of Resurrect ion.

びゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ヨェ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ る∀ ヤ∠ボ∠ ∇んョ⊥ ネ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (and if one heavily laden calls anot her t o (bear) his load, ) means, if t he person who is carrying a heavy burden calls someone else t o help him carry his load, all or part of it ,

びヴ∠よ∇ゲホ⊥ や∠ク ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (not hing of it will be lift ed even t hough he be near of kin.) means, even if he is closely-relat ed t o him, even if he is his fat her or son, for each person will be preoccupied wit h his own self and his own sit uat ion. Then Allah says:

∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ケ⊥ グ͡ レ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ び∠りヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや (You can warn only t hose who fear t heir Lord unseen and perform t he Salah.) means, ` t he only ones who will draw a lesson from what you have brought are t hose who are possessed of insight and wisdom, who fear t heir Lord and who do as He commands.'

び͡ヮジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ヴｚミゴ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ヴｚミゴ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And he who purifies himself, t hen he purifies only for t he benefit of himself.) means, who does right eous deeds, t he benefit of t hat will come back t o him,

び⊥ゲΒ͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ぴ And t o Alla0h is t he Ret urn. means, t o Him everyt hing will ult imat ely ret urn, and He is swift in bringing t o account . He will reward or punish everyone according t o his deeds: if t hey are good, t hen t he end will be good, and if t hey are bad, t hen t he end will be bad.

れ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ゲ⊥ Β͡ダら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠ヨ∇ハΙ ｘ や ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ - ケ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ モ ぁヌ あ ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ケ⊥ ヲぁレャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ∠ョ ノ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ジΑ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ れ ⊥ や∠ヲ∇ョΙ ｘやΙ ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠Β∇ェΙ ｘ や ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ - ケ͡ ヲ⊥らボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ リｚョ ノ∃ ヨ͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ よ͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ や⇔ゲΑ͡グル∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡ゼよ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べｚル͡ま - ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル Ι ｚ ま͡

∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ Α⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ - ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ Κ ∠カ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョあ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや れ ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ゲ͡ Β͡レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ゲ͡ よ⊥ ゴぁ ャゅ͡よヱ∠ び ゲ͡ Β͡ムル∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ (19. Not alike are t he blind and t he seeing.) (20. Nor are (dept hs of) darkness and light .) (21. Nor are t he shade and t he sun's heat .) (22. Nor are t he living and t he dead. Verily, Allah makes whom He wills t o hear, but you cannot make hear t hose who are in graves.) (23. You are only a warner.) (24. Verily, We have sent you wit h t he t rut h, a bearer of glad t idings and a warner. And t here never was a nat ion but a warner had passed among t hem.) (25. And if t hey deny you, t hose before t hem also denied. Their Messengers came t o t hem wit h clear signs, and wit h t he Script ures, and wit h t he Book giving light .) (26. Then I t ook hold of t hose who disbelieved, and how t errible was My denial!)

The Believer and the Disbeliever are not equal Allah says t hat t hese ant onyms are clearly not equal, t he blind and t he seeing are not equal, t here is a difference and a huge gap bet ween t hem. Darkness and light are not equal, neit her are shade and t he sun's heat . By t he same t oken, t he living and t he dead are not equal. This is t he parable Allah makes of t he believers who are t he living, and t he disbelievers who are t he dead. This is like t he Ayat :

ヶ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠Β∇ェ∠ほ∠プ ゅ⇔わ∇Βョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ｚョ リ∠ヨミ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ よ͡ び∠マャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ァ ∃ ケ͡ ゅ∠ガよ͡ (Is he who was dead and We gave him life and set for him a light (of belief) whereby he can walk amongst men -- like him who is in t he (dept hs of) darkness from which he can never come out ) (6:122),

ゲ͡ Β͡ダら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユあ タ ∠ Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ヴ∠ヨ∇ハΙ ｘ ゅ∠ミ リ ͡ ∇Βボ∠ Α͡ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ぴ び⇔Κん∠ ョ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠Αヲ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇モワ∠ ノ͡ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ (The parable of t he t wo part ies is as t hat of t he blind and t he deaf and t he seer and t he hearer. Are t hey equal when compared) (11:24) The believer sees and hears, and walks in t he light upon a st raight pat h in t his world and t he Hereaft er, unt il he comes t o set t le in Gardens

(Paradise) wherein is shade and springs. The disbeliever is blind and deaf, walking in darkness from which he cannot escape, he is lost in his misguidance in t his world and t he Hereaft er, unt il he ends up in fierce hot wind and boiling wat er, and shadow of black smoke, neit her cool nor good.

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ノ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ジΑ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah makes whom He wills t o hear,) means. He guides t hem t o list en t o t he proof and accept it and adhere it .

び͡ケヲ⊥らボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ リｚョ ノ∃ ヨ͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ よ͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (but you cannot make hear t hose who are in graves.) means, ` j ust as t he dead cannot benefit from guidance and t he call t o t rut h aft er t hey have died as disbelievers and ended up in t he graves, so t oo you cannot help t hese idolat ors who are decreed t o be doomed, and you cannot guide t hem.'

び ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル Ι ｚ ま͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ぴ You are only a warner means, all you have t o do is t o convey t he Message and warn t hem, and Alla0h leaves ast ray whomsoever He wills and guides whomsoever He wills.

びや⇔ゲΑ͡グル∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡ゼよ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We have sent you wit h t he t rut h, a bearer of glad t idings and a warner.) means, a bearer of glad t idings t o t he believers and a warner t o t he disbelievers.

び∀ゲΑ͡グル∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ Κ ∠カ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョあ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And t here never was a nat ion but a warner had passed among t hem.) means, t here was never any nat ion among t he sons of Adam but Allah sent warners t o t hem, and left t hem wit h no excuse. This is like t he Ayat :

び∃キゅ∠ワ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ モ あ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∀ケ͡グレ⊥ョ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (You are only a warner, and t o every people t here is a guide) (13:7).

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ン∠ギ∠ワ ∇リョｚ ユ⊥ヰ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ∠れヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚト∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ び⊥るヤ∠⇒∠ヤツ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ ∇リョｚ (And verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming): "Worship Allah, and avoid all false deit ies.'' Then of t hem were some whom Allah guided and of t hem were some upon whom t he st raying was j ust ified) (16:36). And t here are many similar Ayat .

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ Α⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び͡ろ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ (And if t hey deny you, t hose before t hem also denied. Their Messengers came t o t hem wit h clear signs,) means, clear miracles and definit ive proofs.

び͡ゲよ⊥ ゴぁ ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ぴ (and wit h t he Script ures,) means, t he Books.

び͡ゲΒ͡レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ぴ (and wit h t he Book giving light .) means, clear and obvious.

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや れ ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then I t ook hold of t hose who disbelieved,) means, ` despit e all of t his, t hey denied t he Messengers and t he Message t hey brought , so I seized t hem, i.e., wit h My punishment .'

び͡ゲΒ͡ムル∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ぴ and how t errible was My denial! means, how great and int ense and t errible do you t hink My punishment was∨ And Alla0h knows best .

ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カほ∠プ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ ぺ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ∀ヂΒ͡よ ∀キ∠ギィ ⊥ メ ͡ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰル⊥ や∠ヲ∇ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ͡ヤわ∠ ∇ガョぁ れ ∃ や∠ゲヨ∠ を∠

リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ - ∀キヲ⊥シ ょ ⊥ Β͡よや∠ゲビ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰル⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ブ ∀ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガョぁ ∀ゲ∇ヨェ ⊥ ∠ヱ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヮ⊥ ル⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ブ ∀ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガョ⊥ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゆ あ へ∠ヱギｚ ャや∠ヱ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ヨヤ∠バ⊥ ∇ャや ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ び ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ (27. See you not t hat Allah sends down wat er from t he sky, and We produce t herewit h fruit s of various colors, and among t he mount ains are Judad, whit e and red, of varying colors and (ot hers) Gharabib black.) (28. And likewise, men and moving creat ure and cat t le are of various colors. It is only t hose among His servant s who have knowledge t hat fear Allah. Verily, Allah is Almight y, Oft -Forgiving.)

The Perfect Power of Allah Allah t ells us of His complet e and perfect power of creat ion. He t ells us how He makes different kinds of t hings from one t hing, which is t he wat er t hat He sends down from t he heaven. From wat er He brings fort h fruit s of various colors, yellow, red, green, whit e and ot her colors, as we can see in t he immense variet y of t heir colors, t ast es and scent s. This is like anot her Ayah where Allah says:

∇リョあ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ∠ヱ れ ∀ ケ∠ ヲ͡ ⇒∠イわ∠ ョぁ ノ∀ ト ∠ ホ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∃ ヲ∠ ∇レタ ͡ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∀ ヲ∠ ∇レタ ͡ ∀モΒ͡ガ∠ル∠ヱ ネ ∀ ∇ケコ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ モ ⊥ あツヘ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ギ∃ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ￢∃ べ∠ヨよ͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ジΑ⊥ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ モ ͡ ミ⊥ Ι ｙや (And in t he eart h are neighbouring t ract s, and gardens of vines, and green crops, and dat e palms, growing int o t wo or t hree from a single st em root , or ot herwise, wat ered wit h t he same wat er; yet some of t hem We make more excellent t han ot hers t o eat . Verily, in t hese t hings t here are Ayat for t he people who underst and.) (13:4)

びゅヰ∠ ル⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ブ ∀ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガョぁ ∀ゲ∇ヨェ ⊥ ∠ヱ ∀ヂΒ͡よ ∀キ∠ギィ ⊥ メ ͡ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and among t he mount ains are Judad, whit e and red, of varying colors) means, He creat ed t he mount ains like t his, wit h different colors, as we also see t hat t here are indeed whit e and red mount ains, and in some of t hem t here are st reaks which are also of varying colors. Ibn ` Abbas said Al-Judad means pat hways. This was also t he view of Abu Malik, Al-Hasan, Qat adah and AsSuddi. And t here are some mount ains which are very black. ` Ikrimah said, "Al-Gharabib means

mount ains which are high and black. This was also t he view of Abu Malik, ` At a' Al-Khurasani and Qat adah. Ibn Jarir said, "When t he Arabs describe somet hing as being very black, t hey say Ghirbib.

ヮ⊥ ル⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ブ ∀ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガョ⊥ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゆ あ へ∠ヱギｚ ャや∠ヱ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ び∠マャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ (And likewise, men and moving creat ures and cat t le are of various colors.) means, t he same is t rue of living creat ures t oo, humans and animals, all creat ures which walk on t heir feet , and cat t le. Here somet hing general is followed by somet hing specific. These are all different t oo, for among mankind t here are Berbers, Et hiopians and some non-Arabs who are very black, and Slavs and Romans who are very whit e, and t he Arabs who are in bet ween, and t he Indians. Allah says in anot her Ayah:

ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΕ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ル͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ブ ⊥ ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや∠ヱぴ び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあ (and t he difference of your languages and colors. Verily, in t hat are indeed signs for men of sound knowledge) (30:22). Similarly, animals and cat t le vary in t heir colors, even wit hin one species, and a single animal may have pat ches of different colors. Blessed be Allah, t he Best of creat ors. Allah t hen says:

び⊥￢ゅ∠ヨヤ∠バ⊥ ∇ャや ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (It is only t hose who have knowledge among His servant s t hat fear Allah.) meaning, only t hose who have knowledge t ruly fear Him as He should be feared, because t he more t hey know about t he Almight y, All-Powerful, All-Knowing Who has t he most perfect at t ribut es and is described wit h t he most beaut iful Names, t he more t hey will fear Him. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah:

び⊥￢ゅ∠ヨヤ∠バ⊥ ∇ャや ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (It is only t hose who have knowledge among His servant s t hat fear Allah.) t hose who know t hat Allah is able t o do all t hings. Ibn ` Abbas said, "The one among His servant s who knows about Ar-Rahman, is t he one who does not associat e anyt hing in worship wit h Him; t he one who accept s as lawful t hat which He has permit t ed and accept s as unlawful t hat which He has prohibit ed. He obeys His commands and is cert ain t hat he will meet Him and be brought t o account for his deeds. Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "Fear is what st ands bet ween you and disobeying Allah, may He be glorified.'' Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "The knowledgeable person is t he one who fears Ar-Rahman wit h regard t o t he Unseen, who likes t hat which Allah want s him t o like, and who shuns t hat which angers Allah.'' Then Al-Hasan recit ed:

∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ヨヤ∠バ⊥ ∇ャや ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ び∀ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ (It is only t hose among His servant s who have knowledge t hat fear Allah. Verily, Allah is Almight y, Oft -Forgiving.) Sufyan At h-Thawri narrat ed from Abu Hayyan At -Taymi from a man who said, "It used t o be said t hat t he knowledgeable are of t hree t ypes: (first ) one who knows Allah and t he command of Allah, (second) one who knows Allah but does not know t he command of Allah, and (t hird) one who knows t he command of Allah but does not know Allah. The one who knows Allah and t he command of Allah is t he one who fears Allah and knows t he limit s (Hudud) and t he obligat ory dut ies (Fara'id). The one who knows Allah but does not know t he command of Allah is t he one who fears Allah but does not know t he limit s (Hudud) and t he obligat ory dut ies (Fara'id). The one who knows t he command of Allah but does not know Allah is t he one who knows t he limit s (Hudud) and t he obligat ory dut ies (Fara'id) but does not fear Allah.''

り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ る⇔ Β∠ ル͡ Κ ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ シ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ワギ∠ Α͡ゴΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ プあ ヲ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ - ケ∠ ヲ⊥らゎ∠ リｚャ り⇔ ゲ∠ ⇒∠イゎ͡ び ∀ケヲ⊥ムセ ∠ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ (29. Verily, t hose who recit e t he Book of Allah, and perform t he Salah, and spend out of what We have provided for t hem, secret ly and openly, t hey hope for a (sure) t rade-gain t hat will never perish.) (30. That He may pay t hem t heir wages in full, and give t hem (even) more, out of His grace. Verily, He is Oft -Forgiving, Most Ready t o appreciat e.)

The Muslims will be the Ones Who gain in the Hereafter Here Allah t ells us t hat His believing servant s, who recit e and believe in His Book, and do t he deeds prescribed in it such as est ablishing regular prayer at t he prescribed t imes, night and day, spending (in charit y) out of t hat which Allah has provided for t hem secret ly and openly,

び∠ケヲ⊥らゎ∠ リｚャ り⇔ ゲ∠ ⇒∠イゎ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ ぴ (t hey hope for a (sure) t rade-gain t hat will never perish.) means, t hey hope for a reward from Allah which will inevit ably be t heirs. Allah says:

び͡ヮヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ワギ∠ Α͡ゴΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ プあ ヲ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ぴ

(That He may pay t hem t heir wages in full, and give t hem (even) more, out of His grace.) meaning, t hat He may give t hem a reward for what t hey have done, and mult iply it by adding more, such as has never occurred t o t hem.

び∀ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, He is Oft -Forgiving,) means, He forgives t heir sins,

び∃ケヲ⊥ムセ ∠ぴ (Most Ready t o appreciat e.) means, He appreciat es even a lit t le of t heir good deeds.

ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ∀ゲΒ͡らガ ∠ ャ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョ⊥ び (31. And what We have revealed t o you of t he Book, it is t he (very) t rut h confirming t hat which was (revealed) before it . Verily, Allah is indeed All-Aware and All-Seer of His servant s.)

The Qur'an is The true Book of Allah

び∠マ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ And what We have revealed t o you -- O Muhメammad, of t he Book, i.e., t he Qur a0n,

び͡ヮ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョ⊥ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (it is t he (very) t rut h confirming t hat which was (revealed) before it .) means, of t he previous books. It confirms t hem j ust as t hey bore wit ness t o t he coming of t he Qur'an and t hat it would be sent down from t he Lord of t he worlds.

び∀ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡ら∠ガ∠ャ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is indeed All-Aware and All-Seer of His servant s.) means, He is All-Aware of t hem and knows who deserves t o receive t he blessing which He may give t o him and not t o ot hers. t he Prophet s and t he Messengers are favored above t he rest of mankind, and some of t he Prophet s were given more t han ot hers and given higher st at us t han ot hers. The posit ion given t o Muhammad is higher t han t hat of all t he ot hers, may t he blessings and peace of Allah be upon t hem all.

ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヘ∠ ト ∠ ∇タや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇をケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ ∀ペ͡よゅ∠シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ギ∀ ダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ボョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャあ ∀ユヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ び ゲ⊥ Β͡らム∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ク⊥ み͡よ͡ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (32. Then We gave t he Book as inherit ance t o such of Our servant s whom We chose. Then of t hem are some who wrong t hemselves, and of t hem are some who follow a middle course, and of t hem are some who are, by Allah's leave, foremost in good deeds. That -- t hat is indeed a great grace.)

The Inheritance of the Qur'an is of three kinds Allah says: ` Then We made t hose who uphold t he Book confirming what came before, t he one whom We have chosen from among Our servant s. They are t his Ummah, who are divided int o t hree t ypes.' Allah says:

び͡ヮジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャあ ∀ユヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ぴ (Then of t hem are some who wrong t hemselves,) t hese are t he ones who are careless about doing some obligat ory act ions, and who commit some forbidden act ions.

び∀ギダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ボョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and of t hem are some who follow a middle course,) t hese are t he ones who fulfill t heir obligat ions and avoid t hings t hat are forbidden, but t hey may neglect some good deeds and do some t hings which are disliked.

び͡ヮヤｚャや ラ ͡ ク⊥ み͡よ͡ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ペ͡よゅ∠シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and of t hem are some who are, by Allah's leave, foremost in good deeds.) t hese are t he ones who do obligat ory act ions and t hings which are encouraged, and who avoid doing unlawful and disliked act ions, and avoid some act ions which are permissible. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah:

びゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヘ∠ ト ∠ ∇タや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇をケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then We gave t he Book as inherit ance t o such of Our servant s whom We chose. ) "This refers t o t he Ummah of Muhammad . Allah caused it t o inherit every Book t hat He had revealed; t hose who wrong t hemselves will be forgiven, t hose who follow a middle course will have an easy account ing, and t hose who are foremost in good deeds will ent er Paradise wit hout being brought t o account .'' Abu Al-Qasim At -Tabarani report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat t he Messenger of Allah said one day:

«ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゲ͡ も͡ ゅ∠らム∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワほ∠ャ͡ ヶ͡わハ ∠ ゅ∠ヘセ ∠» (My int ercession will be for t hose among my Ummah who commit maj or sins.)'' Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "Those who are foremost in good deeds will ent er Paradise wit hout being brought t o account ; t hose who follow a middle course will ent er Paradise by t he mercy of Allah; and t hose who wrong t hemselves and Ashab Al-A` raf will ent er Paradise by t he int ercession of Muhammad .'' It was also report ed from a number of t he Salaf t hat t hose among t his Ummah who wrong t hemselves are st ill among t hose whom Allah has chosen, even t hough t hey are imperfect and fell short ぴby not adhering t o t he st raight pat hび. Ot hers said t hat t hose who wrong t hemselves are not part of t his Ummah and are not among t hose whom Allah has chosen and who inherit ed t he Book. The correct view is t hat t hey are also part of t his Ummah.

The Virtues of the Scholars The scholars are t he most fort unat e of people wit h regard t o t his blessing, and t he most ent it led t o t his mercy. Imam Ahmad, may Allah have mercy on him, recorded t hat Qays bin Kat hir said, "One of t he people of Al-Madinah came t o Abu Ad-Darda', may Allah be pleased wit h him, when he was in Damascus. ぴAbu Ad-Darda'び said, ` What brought you here, my brot her' He said, ` A Hadit h which I heard t hat you narrat e from t he Messenger of Allah .' He said, ` Have you come for t rade' He said, ` No.' He said, ` Have you come for any ot her reason' He said, ` No.' He said, ` Have you come only t o seek t his Hadit h' He said, ` Yes.' He, may Allah be pleased wit h him said, ` I heard t he Messenger of Allah say:

ぶ ⊥ や マ ∠ ヤ∠シ ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ょ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇トΑ∠ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲデ ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠シ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ノ⊥ ツ ∠ わ∠ ャ∠ る∠ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲデ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ユ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠バ∇ヤャ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡ユ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠トャ͡ ゅ⇔ッ͡ケ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ エ ∠ レ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠わΒ͡エ∇ャや ヴｚわェ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ れ ͡ やヲ∠ ヨ∠ ジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ∇リョ∠ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ ミ∠ ギ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠バ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや る⊥ を∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠ヨヤ∠バ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡ょミ͡ や∠ヲム∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ も͡ ゅ∠シ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠レΑ͡キ やヲ⊥をあケヲ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ユ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや やヲ⊥をケｚ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ヨワ∠ ∇ケキ͡ «ゲ͡プや∠ヱ ナ ∠エ ∠ よ͡ (Whoever follows a pat h t o seek knowledge, Allah will show him t he way t o Paradise. The angels lower t heir wings being pleased wit h t he one who seeks knowledge. Whoever is in t he heavens and on eart h, even t he fish in t he sea, ask for forgiveness for t he scholar. The

superiorit y of t he scholar over t he worshipper is like t hat of t he moon over all ot her heavenly bodies. The scholars are t he heirs of t he Prophet s, for t he Prophet s did not leave behind Dinars and Dirhams, but t hey left behind knowledge; and whoever receives it , receives an abundance of good fort une.)''' It was also report ed by Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah.

ケ∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠シぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヤｚエ ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ラ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ∀ゲΑ͡ゲ∠ェ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ シ ⊥ ゅ∠らャ͡ヱ∠ や⇔ぽ⊥ャ∇ぽャ⊥ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ワ∠ ク∠ リ͡ョ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ゴ∠ エ ∠ ∇ャや ゅｚレ∠ハ ょ ∠ ワ∠ ∇クぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや ケ∠ や∠キ ゅ∠レヤｚェ ∠ ぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや - ∀ケヲ⊥ムセ ∠ び ∀ゆヲ⊥ピャ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レジ ぁ ヨ∠ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∀ ダ ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レジ ぁ ヨ∠ Α∠ (33. ` Adn (Gardens) will t hey ent er, t herein will t hey be adorned wit h bracelet s of gold and pearls, and t heir garment s t herein will be of silk.) (34. And t hey will say: "All praise and t hanks be t o Allah, Who has removed from us (all) grief. Verily, our Lord is indeed Oft -Forgiving, Most Ready t o appreciat e.'') (35. "Who, out of His grace, has lodged us in a home t hat will last forever, where t oil will t ouch us not nor weariness will t ouch us.'') Allah t ells us t hat t hose whom He chose among His servant s, t hose who inherit ed t he Book which was revealed from t he Lord of t he worlds, will, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, have an abode in Everlast ing Gardens which t hey will ent er on t he Day when t hey are raised anew and meet Allah.

び⇔やぽ⊥ャ∇ぽャ⊥ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ワ∠ ク∠ リ͡ョ ケ∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠シぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅヰ∠ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヤｚエ ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (t herein will t hey be adorned wit h bracelet s of gold and pearls,) It was recorded in t he Sahih from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

«￢ヲ⊥ッヲ∠ ∇ャや ヒ⊥ ヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ る⊥ Β∠ ∇ヤエ ͡ ∇ャや ヒ⊥ ヤ⊥∇らゎ∠ » (The ornament s of t he believer will reach as far as his Wudu'.)

び∀ゲΑ͡ゲェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ シ ⊥ ゅ∠らャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t heir garment s t herein will be of silk.) For t his reason it is forbidden for t hem (t he males) in t his world, but Allah will permit it for t hem in t he Hereaft er. It was recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ∇ジら∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ゲ∠ Α͡ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ら͡ ャ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «り∠ゲカ ͡ ゅ∇ャや

(Whoever wears silk in t his world, will not wear it in t he Hereaft er.) And he said:

«り∠ゲカ ͡ ゅ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ » (It is for t hem in t his world, and for you in t he Hereaft er.)

び∠ラゴ∠ エ ∠ ∇ャや ゅｚレ∠ハ ょ ∠ ワ∠ ∇クぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will say: "All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah, Who has removed from us (all) grief...'') which means fear of everyt hing t hat is feared; it has been lift ed from us and we have been relieved of all t hat we used t o fear of t he anxiet ies of t he world and t he Hereaft er. Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, and ot hers said, "He forgives t hem for t heir maj or sins, and appreciat es even t he smallest of t heir good deeds.''

び͡ヮヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや ケ∠ や∠キ ゅ∠レヤｚェ ∠ ぺ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (Who, out of His grace, has lodged us in a home t hat will last forever,) means, ` Who has given us t his posit ion and st at us out of His grace and blessing and mercy, for our good deeds are not equivalent t o t his.' It was report ed in t he Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah said: -

«るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ モ ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ∇リャ∠» (None of you will ent er Paradise by virt ue of his good deeds.) They said, "Not even you, O Messenger of Allah'' He said,

ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヶ͡ルギ∠ ヨｚ ピ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ » «モ∇ツプ∠ ヱ∠ (Not even me, unless Allah encompasses me wit h His mercy and grace.)

び∀ゆヲ⊥ピャ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レジ ぁ ヨ∠ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∀ ダ ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レジ ぁ ヨ∠ Α∠ Ι ∠ぴ (where t oil will t ouch us not nor weariness will t ouch us.) means, neit her hardship nor exhaust ion will t ouch us. The words t ranslat ed here as "t oil'' and "weariness'' bot h mean exhaust ion, as if what is meant by t he negat ion of bot h is t hat neit her t heir bodies nor t heir souls will become exhaust ed; and Allah knows best . They used t o exhaust t hemselves in worshipping t his world, but t heir obligat ions will come t o an end when t hey ent er Paradise, where t hey will enj oy et ernal rest and repose. Allah says:

る͡ Β∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ガ∇ャや ュ͡ ゅｚΑΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠∇シぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∠ Β͡レワ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ぴ び (Eat and drink at ease for t hat which you have sent on before you in days past !) (69:24)

∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ツ∇ボΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ル ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ブ ⊥ ｚヘガ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ヨΒ∠ プ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥カゲ͡ ト ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ - ケ∃ ヲ⊥ヘミ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バル∠ ゅｚレ⇒⊥ミ ン͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バル∠ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ ゲ⊥ Α͡グレｚ ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ゲ∠ ミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゲ⊥ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲあヨバ∠ ル⊥ び ゲ∃ Β͡ダルｚ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ (36. But t hose who disbelieve, for t hem will be t he fire of Hell. Neit her will it have a complet e killing effect on t hem so t hat t hey die nor shall it s t orment be light ened for t hem. Thus do We requit e every disbeliever !) (37. Therein t hey will cry: "Our Lord! Bring us out , we shall do right eous good deeds, not t hat we used t o do.'' (Allah will reply:) "Did We not give you lives long enough, so t hat whosoever would receive admonit ion could receive it And t he warner came t o you. So t ast e you. For t he wrongdoers t here is no helper.'')

The Punishment of the Disbeliever and what Their State will be in Hell Having t old us how t he blessed will be (in Paradise), Allah now st art s t o t ell us what t he st at e of doomed will be. He says:

∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ツ∇ボΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ル ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び∇やヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ヨΒ∠ プ∠ (But t hose who disbelieve, for t hem will be t he fire of Hell. Neit her will it have a complet e killing effect on t hem so t hat t hey die) This is like t he Ayah:

びヴ∠Β∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ

(Wherein he will neit her die nor live) (20:74). It was report ed in Sahih Muslim t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠» «ラ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ (As for t he people of Hell who will dwell t herein, t hey will neit her live nor die t here. ) And Allah says:

∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヂ ͡ ∇ボΒ∠ ャ͡ マ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ヨΑ ∇や∇ヱキ∠ ゅ∠ルヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥んム͡ ⇒ｚョ (And t hey will cry (t o t he keeper of Hell): "O Malik! Let your Lord make an end of us.'' He will say: "Verily, you shall abide forever.'') (43:77). When t hey are in t his st at e, t hey will t hink t hat if only t hey could die, it would be a t ime of rest for t hem, but t hat can never happen t o t hem. Allah says:

∇リョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ブ ⊥ ｚヘガ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ヨΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ツ∇ボΑ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ びゅ∠ヰよ͡ や∠グハ ∠ (Neit her will it have a complet e killing effect on t hem so t hat t hey die nor shall it s t orment be light ened for t hem. ) This is like t he Ayat :

Ι ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジヤ͡∇らョ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゲ⊥ ｚわヘ∠ Α⊥ (Verily, t he criminals will be in t he t orment of Hell t o abide t herein forever. (That ) will not be light ened for t hem, and t hey will be plunged int o dest ruct ion wit h deep regret s, sorrows and in despair t herein.) (43:74-75).

びや⇔ゲΒ͡バシ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ル∇キコ͡ ∇ろら∠ カ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ (whenever it abat es, We shall increase for t hem t he fierceness of t he Fire) (17:97), and

び ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ Α͡ゴルｚ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ ぴ (So t ast e you. No increase shall We give you, except in t orment .) (78:30). Then Allah says:

び∃ケヲ⊥ヘミ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Thus do We requit e every disbeliever!) meaning, t his is t he recompense of everyone who disbelieved in his Lord and denied t he t rut h.

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥カゲ͡ ト ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (Therein t hey will cry) means, t hey will call out in t he Fire, beseeching Allah wit h t heir voices:

ゅｚレ⇒⊥ミ ン͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バル∠ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ び⊥モヨ∠ ∇バル∠ ("Our Lord! Bring us out , we shall do right eous good deeds, not t hat we used t o do.'') which means, t hey will ask t o go back t o t he worldly life so t hat t hey can do somet hing different t o t he first deeds t hey did. But Allah, may He be glorified, knows t hat if He sent t hem back t o t his world, t hey would go back t o what t hey had been forbidden t o do, and He knows t hat t hey are lying, so He will not respond t o t heir plea. This is like t he Ayah where Allah t ells us t hat t hey will say:

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ハ ͡ キ⊥ やク∠ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ムャ͡グ∠ ヤ∃Β͡らシ ∠ リあョ ァ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲカ ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ポゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ⇒∠ミ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ (Then is t here any way t o get out (of t he Fire). (It will be said): "This is because, when Allah Alone was invoked you disbelieved (denied), but when part ners were j oined t o Him, you believed!) (40:11,12) i.e., ` t here will be no response for you because you were like t hat ; if you were t o ret urn t o t his world, you would j ust go back t o t hat which you had been forbidden t o do.' Allah says here:

ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ゲ∠ ミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ Βプ͡ ゲ⊥ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲヨあ バ∠ ル⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び⊥ゲΑ͡グレｚ ャや (Did We not give you lives long enough, so t hat whosoever would receive admonit ion could receive it And t he warner came t o you.) meaning, ` did you not live for long enough in t he world t hat if you were t o be among t hose who would benefit from t he t rut h, you would have benefit ed from it during your lifet imes' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Prophet said:

ヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ギ∃ ∇らハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ケ∠ グ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠» ∩͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ケ∠ グ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ∩⇔るレ∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ Βあわシ ͡ «ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ケ∠ グ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ (Allah has left no excuse for t he person who lives t o be sixt y or sevent y years old; Allah has left no excuse for him; Allah has left no excuse for him.) Imam Al-Bukhari also recorded, in t he Book of Riqaq in his Sahih, t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ヨハ ⊥ ゲ∠ カ ｚ ぺ∠ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや ヴ∠ャま͡ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ケ∠ グ∠ ∇ハぺ∠» «る∠レシ ∠ リ ∠ Βあわシ ͡ ヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ (Allah has left no excuse for a man who reaches t he age of sixt y.)'' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ケ∠ グ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ る⇔ レ∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Βあわシ ͡ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ヨｚ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ゲ∇ヨバ⊥ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ (Whoever is grant ed a long life unt il t he age of sixt y, Allah has left no excuse for him.)'' This was also recorded by Imam Ahmad and An-Nasa'i in Ar-Riqaq. Because t his is t he age at which Allah removes any excuse from His servant s, t his is t he usual age of people in t his Ummah, as was report ed in t he Hadit h of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, who said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

∩∠リΒ͡バ∇らジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ∠ Βあわジ あ ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠» «マ͡ャク∠ コ⊥ ヲ⊥イΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤぁホ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ (The usual life span in my Ummah is bet ween sixt y and sevent y years, and only a few pass t his age.)'' This was also recorded by At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah in t he Book of Zuhd ぴof his Sunanび.

び⊥ゲΑ͡グレｚ ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ (And t he warner came t o you. ) It was report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, ` Ikrimah, Abu Ja` far Al-Baqir, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Qat adah and Sufyan bin ` Uyaynah said, "This means grey hair.'' As-Suddi and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, "This means t he Messenger of Allah '' and Ibn Zayd recit ed,

び ヴ∠ャ∇ヱΙ ｙ や ケ͡ グ⊥ レぁ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (This is a warner of t he (series of) warners of old.) (53:56). This is t he correct view according t o Shayban who narrat ed t hat Qat adah said, "Proof will be est ablished against t hem by t he fact t hat t hey lived long enough and t hat Messengers came t o t hem.'' This is also t he view favored by Ibn Jarir, and it is t he apparent meaning of t he Ayah:

∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヂ ͡ ∇ボΒ∠ ャ͡ マ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ヨΑ ∇や∇ヱキ∠ ゅ∠ルヱ∠ ぴ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ム⇒∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥んム͡ ⇒ｚョ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ワゲ͡ ⇒∠ミ (And t hey will cry (t o t he keeper of Hell): "O Malik! Let your Lord make an end of us.'' He will say: "Verily, you shall abide forever.'' Indeed We have brought t he t rut h t o you, but most of you have a hat red for t he t rut h.)(43:77-78) meaning: ` We showed you t he t rut h clearly t hrough t he Messengers, but you rej ect ed it and opposed it .' And Allah says:

び⇔Ιヲ⊥シケ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らル∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡よグあ バ∠ ョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We never punish unt il We have sent a Messenger) (17:15).

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ほ∠シ ∠ ∀ァ∇ヲ∠プ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヴ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ナ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゴ⊥ Βｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠ムゎ∠ ぴ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ べ∠ヰわ⊥ ル∠ ゴ∠ カ ∠ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇よグｚ ∠ム∠プ び ゲ∃ Β͡らミ∠ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ (Every t ime a group is cast t herein, it s keepers will ask: "Did no warner come t o you'' They will say: "Yes, indeed a warner did come t o us, but we denied him and said: ` Allah never sent down anyt hing; you are only in great error'.'') (67:8-9).

び∃ゲΒ͡ダルｚ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ ぴ (So t ast e you. For t he wrongdoers t here is no helper.) means, ` t ast e t he punishment of t he Fire, as a recompense for your going against t he Prophet s in all your deeds, for t oday you will have no helper t o save you from your fat e of punishment and chains.'

∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ょ ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ブ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤカ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ヘミ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ヘミ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ び や⇔ケゅ∠ジカ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ヘミ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔わ∇ボョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ (38. Verily, Allah is t he All-Knower of t he Unseen of t he heavens and t he eart h. Verily, He is t he All-Knower of t hat is in t he breast s.) (39. He it is Who has made you successors generat ions aft er generat ions in t he eart h, so whosoever disbelieves, on him will be his disbelief. And t he disbelief of t he disbelievers adds not hing but hat red of t heir Lord. And t he disbelief of t he disbelievers adds not hing but loss.) Here Allah t ells us t hat He knows t he unseen in t he heavens and eart h, and t hat He knows all t hat is hidden and t he secret s of t he heart s. And He t ells us t hat He will reward or punish everyone according t o his deeds. Then Allah says:

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ブ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤカ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He it is Who has made you successors generat ions aft er generat ions in t he eart h,) meaning, all people succeed one anot her, generat ion aft er generat ion. This is like t he Ayah:

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ￢∠ べ∠ヘヤ∠ェ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and makes you inherit ors of t he eart h, generat ions aft er generat ions) (27:62).

び⊥ロゲ⊥ ∇ヘミ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ヨ∠プぴ (so whosoever disbelieves, on him will be his disbelief.) means, he and no one else will have t o bear t he consequences of t hat .

び⇔ゅわ∇ボョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ヘミ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he disbelief of t he disbelievers adds not hing but hat red of t heir Lord.) means, t he longer t hey persist in t heir disbelief, t he more Allah hat es t hem, and t he longer t hey persist in it , t he more t hey and t heir families will lose on t he Day of Resurrect ion. This is in cont rast t o t he believers, for t he longer t hey live and do good deeds, t he higher t heir st at us in Paradise will be, t he great er t heir reward, and t he more beloved t hey will be t o t heir Creat or.

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヴ͡プ ∀ポ∇ゲ͡セ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ∠カ ∠ や∠クゅ∠ョ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥ケぺ∠ ∇モよ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ る∃ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ ∇ュぺ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ - や⇔ケヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ヰツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ラ͡ま リ͡ゃャ∠ヱ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ⊥ゴゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ジ ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ム∠ ジ ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ べ∠わャ∠や∠コ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤェ ∠ (40. Say: "Have you considered your part ners whom you call upon besides Allah Show Me, what t hey have creat ed of t he eart h. Or have t hey any share in t he heavens Or have We given t hem a Book, so t hat t hey act on clear proof t herefrom Nay, t he wrongdoers promise one anot her not hing but delusions.'') (41. Verily, Allah grasps t he heavens and t he eart h lest t hey should move away from t heir places, and if t hey were t o move away from t heir places, t here is not one t hat could grasp t hem aft er Him. Truly, He is Ever Most Forbearing, Oft -Forgiving.)

The Helplessness of the false gods and the Power of Allah Allah t ells His Messenger t o say t o t he idolat ors:

び͡ヮヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Have you considered your part ners whom you call upon besides Allah) t he idols and rivals.

ヴ͡プ ∀ポ∇ゲ͡セ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ∠カ ∠ や∠クゅ∠ョ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥ケぺ∠ぴ び͡れヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (Show Me what t hey have creat ed of t he eart h. Or have t hey any share in t he heavens) meaning, t hey have not hing at all of t hat , t hey do not possess even t he membrane covering t he st one of a dat e.

び⊥ヮ∇レョあ る∃ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ

(Or have We given t hem a Book, so t hat t hey act on clear proof t herefrom) meaning, ` have We revealed t o t hem a Book on which t hey base t heir Shirk and disbelief' This is not t he case at all.

Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ヰツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ラ͡ま ∇モよ∠ ぴ び⇔やケヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ (Nay, t he wrongdoers promise one anot her not hing but delusions.) means, t hey are merely following t heir own whims, opinions and wishes which are t heir personal desires, and t hey are no more t han misguidance and falsehood. Then Allah t ells us of His might y power, by which t he heavens and t he eart h st and by His command, and t he forces t hat He has placed bet ween t hem t o hold t hem. He says:

び∠Ιヱ⊥ゴゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ジ ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah grasps t he heavens and t he eart h lest t hey should move away from t heir places,) means, lest t hey should shift from where t hey are. This is like t he Ayat :

び͡ヮ͡ル∇ク͡み͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ∠ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ジ ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (He wit hholds t he heaven from falling on t he eart h except by His leave) (22:65), and

び͡ロゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ュ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And among His signs is t hat t he heaven and t he eart h st and by His command) (30:25).

び͡ロギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ム∠ ジ ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ べ∠わャ∠や∠コ リ͡ゃ∠ャ∠ヱぴ (and if t hey were t o move away from t heir places, t here is not one t hat could grasp t hem aft er Him.) means, no one can make t hem st ay and preserve t hem except Him. He is Ever Most Forbearing and Oft -Forgiving because He sees His servant s disbelieving in Him and disobeying Him, yet He is pat ient and gives t hem t ime, He wait s and does not hast en t he punishment , and He conceals t he fault s of ot hers and forgives t hem. He says:

びや⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤェ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Truly, He is Ever Most Forbearing, Oft -Forgiving.)

∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ͡ゃャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ギ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ユ͡ ョ∠ Ι ｙ や ン∠ギ∇ェ͡ま ∇リョ͡ ン∠ギ∇ワぺ∠ リ ｚ ル⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャｚ

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ や⇔ケゅ∠ら∇ムわ͡ ∇シや - や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘル⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ キ∠ や∠コ ゅｚョ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワほ∠よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢⊥ ヴあΒジ ｚ ャや ゲ⊥ ∇ムヨ∠ ∇ャや ペ ⊥ Β͡エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ ヴあΒジ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ∇ムョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ レｚ ジ ⊥ ャ͡ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘ へ る∠ レｚ シ ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ びΚ ⇔ Α͡ヲ∇エゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ レｚ ジ ⊥ ャ͡ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ Κ ⇔ Α͡ギ∇らゎ∠ (42. And t hey swore by Allah t heir most binding oat h t hat if a warner came t o t hem, t hey would be more guided t han any of t he nat ions; yet when a warner came t o t hem, it increased in t hem not hing but flight (from t he t rut h).) (43. (They t ook t o flight because of t heir) arrogance in t he land and t heir plot t ing of evil. But t he evil plot encompasses only him who makes it . Then, can t hey expect anyt hing (else) but t he Sunnah (way of dealing) of t he peoples of old So, no change will you find in Allah's Sunnah, and no t urning off will you find in Allah's Sunnah.)

They longed for a Warner to come, but when He came, They disbelieved in Him Allah t ells us how Quraysh and t he Arabs swore by Allah t heir most binding oat h before t he Messenger came t o t hem,

ン∠ギ∇ェま͡ ∇リョ͡ ン∠ギ∇ワぺ∠ リ ｚ ル⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャｚ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ͡ゃャ∠ぴ び͡ユョ∠ Ι ｙや (t hat if a warner came t o t hem, t hey would be more guided t han any of t he nat ions;) i.e., t han any of t he nat ions t o whom Messengers had been sent . This was t he view of Ad-Dahhak and ot hers. This is like t he Ayat :

リ͡ョ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ピャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ シ ∠ や∠ケキ͡ リ∠ハ ゅｚレミ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ∠レヤ͡∇らホ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ン∠ギ∇ワぺ∠ べｚレム⊥ ャ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べｚル∠ぺ リｚヨョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∀るヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ る∀ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ びゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ フ ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠

(Lest you (pagan Arabs) should say: "The Book was sent down only t o t wo sect s before us, and for our part , we were in fact unaware of what t hey st udied.'' Or lest you should say: "If only t he Book had been sent down t o us, we would surely have been bet t er guided t han t hey.'' So, now has come unt o you a clear proof from your Lord, and a guidance and a mercy. Who t hen does more wrong t han one who rej ect s t he Ayat of Allah and t urns away t herefrom) (6:156-157)

リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ゲ∇ミク͡ ゅ∠ル∠ギレ͡ハ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘや フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ム∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ダヤ∠∇ガヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅｚレム⊥ ャ∠ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α (And indeed t hey (Arab pagans) used t o say: "If we had a reminder as had t he men of old, We would have indeed been t he chosen servant s of Allah!'' But t hey disbelieve t herein, so t hey will come t o know!) (37:167-170) Allah says:

び∀ゲΑ͡グル∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (yet when a warner came t o t hem,) -- meaning, Muhammad wit h t he Book revealed t o him, i.e., t he Clear Qur'an,

び⇔やケヲ⊥ヘル⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ キ∠ や∠コ ゅｚョぴ (it increased in t hem not hing but flight (from t he t rut h).) means, t hey only increased in t heir disbelief. Then Allah explains t his furt her:

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ や⇔ケゅ∠ら∇ムわ͡ ∇シやぴ ((They t ook t o flight because of t heir) arrogance in t he land) means, t hey were t oo arrogant t o follow t he signs of Allah.

び͡￢ヴあΒジ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ∇ムョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t heir plot t ing of evil.) means, t hey plot t ed t o prevent people from following t he pat h of Allah.

び͡ヮヤ͡∇ワほ∠よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢⊥ ヴあΒジ ｚ ャや ゲ⊥ ∇ムヨ∠ ∇ャや ペ ⊥ Β͡エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(But t he evil plot encompasses only him who makes it .) means, t he evil consequences of t hat will come back upon t hem and not on ot hers.

び∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘ へ る∠ レｚ シ ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then, can t hey expect anyt hing (else) but t he Sunnah (way of dealing) of t he peoples of old) meaning, t he punishment of Allah for disbelieving in His Messengers and going against His command.

び⇔ΚΑ͡ギ∇らゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ レｚ ジ ⊥ ャ͡ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (and no t urning off will you find in Allah's Sunnah.) means, it does not change or alt er, and t his is what happens t o every disbeliever.

び⇔ΚΑ͡ヲ∇エゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ レｚ ジ ⊥ ャ͡ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (and no t urning off will you find in Allah's Sunnah.) means,

び⊥ヮャ∠ キｚ ゲ∠ ョ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (But when Allah wills a people's punishment , t here can be no t urning back of it ) (13:11). This means, no one can remove t hat from t hem or ward it off from t hem. And Allah knows best .

ラ ∠ ゅミ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Βプ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ り⇔ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ゴ∠ イ ͡ ∇バΒ⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや グ⊥ カ ͡ や∠ぽΑ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ワゲ͡ ∇ヰニ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ あカぽ∠ Α⊥ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ (44. Have t hey not t raveled in t he land, and seen what was t he end of t hose before t hem -t hough t hey were superior t o t hem in power Allah is not such t hat anyt hing in t he heavens or in t he eart h escapes Him. Verily, He is All-Knowing, All-Able.) (45. And if Allah were t o punish men for t hat which t hey earned, He would not leave a moving creat ure on t he surface of t he

eart h; but He gives t hem respit e t o an appoint ed t erm, and when t heir t erm comes, t hen verily, Allah is Ever All-Seer of His servant s.)

Remember the Bad Consequences of disbelieving in the Prophets Allah says: ` say, O Muhammad, t o t hese people who disbelieve t he Message you have brought : t ravel in t he land and see what was t he punishment of t hose who disbelieved t he Messengers, how Allah dest royed t hem complet ely, and a similar (end await s) t he disbelievers. See how t heir homes were empt ied of t hem and how t hey lost everyt hing aft er living in luxury and being so numerous and so well equipped, and having so much wealt h and so many children. All of t hat was of no avail t o t hem and could not prot ect t hem in t he slight est from t he punishment of Allah when t he command of t he Lord came. Not hing is impossible for Him when He want s it t o happen in t he heavens or on eart h.'

び⇔やゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, He is All-Knowing, All-Able.) means, He knows all t hat exist s and is able t o do all t hings.

The Wisdom behind delaying the Punishment Then Allah says:

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや グ⊥ カ ͡ や∠ぽΑ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∃るよｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ワゲ͡ ∇ヰニ ∠ (And if Allah were t o punish men for t hat which t hey earned, He would not leave a moving creat ure on t he surface of t he eart h;) meaning, if He were t o punish t hem for all of t heir sins, He would dest roy all t he people of t he eart h and all t hat t hey own of livest ock and crops. Sa` id bin Jubayr and As-Suddi comment ed on t he Ayah:

び∃るよｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ワゲ͡ ∇ヰニ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (He would not leave a moving creat ure on t he surface of t he eart h;) "This means, He would have st opped sending rain t o t hem, and all t he animals would have died as a result .''

びヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ あカぽ∠ Α⊥ リ͡ムャ∠ヱぴ (but He gives t hem respit e t o an appoint ed t erm,) means, but He is delaying unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, when He will bring t hem t o account and will reward or punish each one according t o his deeds: He will reward t hose who obeyed Him and will punish t hose who disobeyed Him. He says:

び⇔やゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ

(and when t heir t erm comes, t hen verily, Allah is Ever All-Seer of His servant s.) This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surah Fat ir. All praise and grat it ude is due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surah Ya Sin (Chapter - 36) Which was revealed in Makkah The Virtues of Surah Ya Sin Al-Hafiz Abu Ya` la recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘ∇ピョ∠ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タぺ∠ る∃ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ヶ͡プ ザΑ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ホ∠ ∇リョ∠ » や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘ∇ピョ∠ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タぺ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠カギぁ ャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゲ⊥ ミ∠ ∇グΑ⊥ ヶ͡わャｚや ユェ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ホ∠ «ヮ∠ャ (Whoever recit es Ya Sin in t he night , will wake up forgiven, and whoever recit es Ha Mim in which Ad-Dukhan (t he Smoke) is ment ioned, will wake up forgiven.) It s chain of narrat ion is good (Jayyid) . Ibn Hibban recorded in his Sahih t hat Jundub bin ` Abdullah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヮ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや る∃ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ヶ͡プ ザΑ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ホ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ヮ∠ャ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ビ ⊥ (Whoever recit es Ya Sin in t he night , seeking t he Face of Allah, will be forgiven.)

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

-リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ - ユ͡ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ - ザΑぴ - ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ Α͡ゴレ∠ゎ - ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ ケ∠ グ͡ ル⊥ぺ べｚョ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥わャ͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ぽ⊥Α Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ペ ｚェ ∠

(1. Ya Sin.) (2. By t he Qur'an, full of wisdom,) (3. Truly, you are one of t he Messengers,) (4. On t he st raight pat h.) (5. Sent down by t he Almight y, t he Most Merciful,) (6. In order t hat you may warn a people whose forefat hers were not warned, so t hey are heedless.) (7. Indeed t he Word has proved t rue against most of t hem, so t hey will not believe.)

The Messenger was sent as a Warner We have already discussed t he individual let t ers at t he beginning of Surat Al-Baqarah.

び ユ͡ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (By t he Qur'an, full of wisdom) means, Al-Muhkam (perfect ) which falsehood cannot come t o from before it or behind it .

び∠マルｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, you) means, O Muhammad,

び ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ヤバ∠ レ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ぴ (are one of t he Messengers, on t he st raight pat h.) means, following a st raight met hodology and religion, and an upright Law.

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ Α͡ゴレ∠ゎぴ (Sent down by t he Almight y, t he Most Merciful.) means, t his pat h which you have brought is a revelat ion from t he Lord of might Who is Most Merciful t o His believing servant s. This is like t he Ayah:

ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョあ ゅ⇔ェヱ⊥ケ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ ン͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰわ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼルｚ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰルｚ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヅ ͡ ゲ∠ タ ͡ - ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ゲ⊥ Β͡ダゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや び ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ョΙ ｙや

(And verily, you are indeed guiding (mankind) t o t he st raight pat h. The pat h of Allah t o Whom belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is on t he eart h. Verily, t o Allah all mat t ers ret urn.) (42:52-53).

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ ケ∠ グ͡ ル⊥ぺ べｚョ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥わャ͡ぴ (In order t hat you may warn a people whose forefat hers were not warned, so t hey are heedless.) This refers t o t he Arabs, for no warner had come t o t hem before him. The fact t hat t hey alone are ment ioned does not mean t hat ot hers are excluded, j ust as ment ioning some individuals does not mean t hat all ot hers are excluded. We have already ment ioned t he Ayat and Mut awat ir Hadit hs which st at e t hat t he mission of t he Prophet is universal, when we discussed t he meaning of t he Ayah:

びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴあルま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "O mankind! Verily, I am sent t o you all as t he Messenger of Allah.'') (7:158).

び∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ペ ｚェ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Indeed t he Word has proved t rue against most of t hem,) Ibn Jarir said, "The punishment has become inevit able for most of t hem, because Allah has decreed in t he Mot her of t he Book (AlLawh Al-Mahfuz) t hat t hey will not believe.

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (so t hey will not believe. ) in Allah, or in His Messengers.

リ ͡ ⇒∠ホ∇クΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ヤ∇ビぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ボ͡ ⇒レ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ ∇リョ͡ ヱ や⇔ギ∂ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヨ∠ ∇ボョぁ ユ⊥ヰプ∠ ￢⊥ へ∠ヲシ ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゼ ∠ ∇ビほ∠プ や⇔ギ∂ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ぽ⊥Α Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ͡ レ⊥ゎ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ケグ∠ ル∠￢ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ⇒ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヴ ∠ゼ ͡ カ∠ヱ ゲ∠ ∇ミグあ ャや ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ケ⊥ グ͡ レ⊥ゎ ヴ ͡ ∇エル⊥ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅｚル͡ま - ユ∃ Α͡ゲミ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ よ͡ ロ⊥ ∇ゲゼ あ ら∠ プ∠

￢∃ ∇ヴセ ｚモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠をや∠￢ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ ょ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムル∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ュ∃ ゅョ∠ ま͡ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠ダ∇ェ∠ぺ (8. Verily, We have put on t heir necks iron collars reaching t o t he chins, so t hat t heir heads are raised up.) (9. And We have put a barrier before t hem, and a barrier behind t hem, and We have covered t hem up, so t hat t hey cannot see.) (10. It is t he same t o t hem whet her you warn t hem or you warn t hem not , t hey will not believe.) (11. You can only warn him who follows t he Reminder, and fears t he Most Gracious unseen. Bear you t o such one t he glad t idings of forgiveness, and a generous reward.) (12. Verily, We give life t o t he dead, and We record t hat which t hey send before (t hem), and t heir t races and all t hings We have recorded wit h numbers in Imam Mubin (a Clear Book).)

The State of Those Who are decreed to be among the Doomed Allah says: ` In t he case of t hose who are decreed t o be among t he doomed, when it comes t o t he mat t er of being guided, We have made t hem like a person who has a chain around his neck and whose hands are t ied t oget her beneat h his chin so t hat his head is lift ed up.' As Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥エヨ∠ ∇ボョぁ ユ⊥ヰ∠プぴ (so t hat t heir heads are raised up.) Ment ioning t he chains around t he neck is sufficient and t here is no need t o ment ion t he hands, alt hough t hey are referred t o by implicat ion. Al-` Awfi said, narrat ing from Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, concerning t he Ayah:

リ ͡ ⇒∠ホ∇クΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ヤ∇ビぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ボ͡ ⇒レ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヨ∠ ∇ボョぁ ユ⊥ヰプ∠ (Verily, We have put on t heir necks iron collars reaching t o t he chins, so t hat t heir heads are raised up.) This is like t he Ayah:

び∠マボ͡ レ⊥ ハ ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ る⇔ ャ∠ヲ⊥ヤ∇ピョ∠ ポ ∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And let not your hand be t ied (like a miser) t o your neck)(17:29). meaning t hat t heir hands are t ied t o t heir necks and t hey cannot st ret ch t hem fort h in order t o do any good deeds.

び∠ラヲ⊥エヨ∠ ∇ボョぁ ユ⊥ヰ∠プぴ (so t hat t heir heads are raised up.) according t o Muj ahid it means t heir heads are raised, and t heir hands are placed over t heir mout hs, so t hey are rest rained from doing anyt hing good.

び⇔やギ∂ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have put a barrier before t hem,) Muj ahid said, "Bet ween t hem and t he t rut h.''

び⇔やギ∂ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱぴ (and a barrier behind t hem,) Muj ahid said, "Bet ween t hem and t he t rut h, so t hey are confused.'' Qat adah said, "They move from one form of misguidance t o anot her.''

び∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゼ ∠ ∇ビほ∠プぴ (and We have covered t hem up,) means, ` We have blinded t heir eyes t o t he t rut h.'

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (so t hat t hey cannot see.) means, t hey cannot benefit from goodness or be guided t o it . Ibn Jarir said, "It was narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat he used t o recit e "Fa a` shaynahum'' ぴinst ead of Fa'aghshaynahumび, from Al-` Asha (weakness of t he sight , blindness), which is a complaint of t he eye.'' ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, "Allah placed t his barrier bet ween t hem and Islam and Iman, so t hat t hey will never reach it ,'' and he recit ed:

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ユ∠ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る∃ Α∠ や￢ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ (Truly, t hose, against whom t he Word (wrat h) of your Lord has been j ust ified, will not believe, Even if every sign should come t o t hem, unt il t hey see t he painful t orment .) (10:96-97). Then he said, "Whoever has been prevent ed by Allah, will never be able.'' ` Ikrimah said, "Abu Jahl said, ` If I see Muhammad, I will do such and such.' Then Allah revealed:

び⇔Κ⇒∠ヤ∇ビぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ボ͡ ⇒レ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We have put on t heir necks iron collars...) up t o:

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (so t hat t hey cannot see.)'' He said, "They used t o say, ` Here is Muhammad,' and he would say, ` Where is he Where is he' And he would not be able t o see him.'' Ibn Jarir also recorded t his.

Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ͡ レ⊥ゎ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ケグ∠ ル∠￢ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ￢⊥ へ∠ヲシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ぽ⊥Α (It is t he same t o t hem whet her you warn t hem or you warn t hem not , t hey will not believe.) means, Allah has decreed t hat t hey will be misguided, so warning t hem will not help t hem and will not have any effect on t hem. Somet hing similar has already been seen at t he beginning of Surat Al-Baqarah, and Allah also says:

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ユ∠ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る∃ Α∠ や￢ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ (Truly, t hose, against whom t he Word (wrat h) of your Lord has been j ust ified, will not believe, Even if every sign should come t o t hem, unt il t hey see t he painful t orment .)(10:96-97).

び∠ゲ∇ミグあ ャや ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ケ⊥ グ͡ レ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (You can only warn him who follows t he Reminder,) means, ` only t he believers will benefit from your warning, t hose who follow t he Reminder,' which is t he Qur'an.

び͡ょ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ⇒ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヴ ∠ゼ ͡ カ∠ヱぴ (and fears t he Most Gracious unseen.) means, even when no one sees him except Allah, may He be blessed and exalt ed, he knows t hat Allah is wat ching him and sees what he does.

び∃りゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ よ͡ ロ⊥ ∇ゲゼ あ ら∠ プ∠ ぴ (Bear you t o such one t he glad t idings of forgiveness,) i.e., of his sins,

び∃ユΑ͡ゲミ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and a generous reward.) means, one t hat is vast and great and beaut iful. This is like t he Ayah:

り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゲ∀ ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ (Verily, t hose who fear t heir Lord unseen, t heirs will be forgiveness and a great reward.) (67:12).

びヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇エル⊥ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We give life t o t he dead,) means, on t he Day of Resurrect ion. This also indicat es t hat Allah gives life t o t he heart of whomever He wills among t he disbelievers, t hose whose heart s have died in misguidance, by guiding t hem aft er t hat t o t he t rut h. As Allah says aft er ment ioning hardness of t he heart :

ゅｚレΒｚ よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハやぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ (Know t hat Allah gives life t o t he eart h aft er it s deat h! Indeed We have made clear t he Ayat t o you, t hat you may underst and.) (57:17)

び∇やヲ⊥ョギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ ょ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We record t hat which t hey send before (t hem),) means, t heir deeds.

び∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠をや∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (and t heir t races) means, ` We writ e down t he deeds which t hey used t o do t hemselves, and t he legacy t hey left behind, so We will requit e t hem for t hat : if it is good, t hen We will reward t hem, and if it is evil, t hen We will punish t hem.' This is like t he Hadit h:

∩ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ る⇔ レｚ シ ⊥ ュ͡ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや ヶ͡プ リ ｚシ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ゾ ∠ ボ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ る⇔ レｚ シ ⊥ ュ͡ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや ヶ͡プ リ ｚシ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ケ⊥ ∇コヱ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワケ⊥ ∇コ͡ヱ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ⇔る⇒∠ゃ⇒⇒⇒Βあ シ ∠ «ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ や∠コ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゾ ∠ ボ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ ∇リョ͡ (Whoever st art s (or set s an example of) somet hing good in Islam, will have a reward for it , and a reward equal t o t hat of everyone who does it aft er him, wit hout t hat det ract ing from t heir reward in t he slight est . Whoever st art s (or set s an example of) somet hing evil in Islam, will bear t he burden for t hat , and a burden equal t o t hat of everyone who does it aft er him, wit hout t hat det ract ing from t heir burden in t he slight est .) This was recorded by Muslim from Jarir bin ` Abdullah Al-Baj ali, may Allah be pleased wit h him in which is det ailed a st ory of t he people from t he Mudar t ribe, who were wearing woollen rags. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t his

Hadit h in full from Jarir bin ` Abdullah, may Allah be pleased wit h him. In it t he Prophet t hen recit ed:

び∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠をや∠￢ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョギｚ ∠ホ ゅ∠ョ∠ ょ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We record t hat which t hey send before (t hem), and t heir t races) Muslim also recorded it wit h a different chain of narrat ion. There is also anot her Hadit h recorded in Sahih Muslim from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, who said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

∇リョ͡ :ゐ ∃ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ノ∠ ト ∠ ボ∠ ∇ルや ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ⊥ ∇よや れ ∠ ゅ∠ョ や∠クま͡» る∃ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α ウ ∃ ャ͡ゅ∠タ ギ∃ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ わ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ «ロ͡ギ∇バよ∠ ∇リョ͡ る∃ Α∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ィ (When t he son of Adam dies, all his deeds come t o an end except t hree: knowledge which is beneficial t o ot hers, a right eous child who prays for him, or ongoing charit y which he leaves behind. )'' Sufyan At h-Thawri report ed t hat Abu Sa` id said, "I heard Muj ahid say concerning t he Ayah:

∇やヲ⊥ョギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ ょ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムル∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇エル⊥ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ び∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠をや∠￢ヱ∠ (Verily, We give life t o t he dead, and We record t hat which t hey send before (t hem), and t heir t races) ` What t hey left behind of misguidance.''' Ibn Abi Naj ih and ot hers said, narrat ing from Muj ahid:

び∇やヲ⊥ョギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ ぴ (t hat which t hey send before (t hem),) "Their deeds.''

び∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠をや∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (and t heir t races). He said, "Their foot st eps.'' This was also t he view of Al-Hasan and Qat adah.

び∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠をや∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (and t heir t races) means t heir foot st eps. Qat adah said, "If Allah were t o have neglect ed anyt hing wit h regard t o you, O son of Adam, He would have neglect ed what t he wind could remove of t hese foot st eps.'' But He t akes int o account t he foot st eps of t he son of Adam and all his deeds; He even t akes int o account t hese foot st eps and whet her t hey are for t he purpose of

obeying Allah or disobeying Him. So, whoever can have his foot st eps recorded for t he purpose of obeying Allah, let him do t hat . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "There was an empt y area around t he Masj id, and Banu Salamah want ed t o move t o be closer t o t he Masj id. When t he Messenger of Allah heard about t hat , he said t o t hem:

ゆ ∠ ∇ゲホ⊥ やヲ⊥ヤボ͡ わ∠ ∇レゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ヶ͡レピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡» «∨͡ギイ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや (I have heard t hat you want t o move close t o t he Masj id.) They said, ` Yes, O Messenger of Allah, t hat is what we want .' He said:

∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠Αキ͡ ∩∇ユミ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠をへ ∇ょわ∠ ∇ムゎ⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠Αキ͡ る∠ ヨ∠ ヤ͡シ ∠ ヶ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠Α» «ユ⊥ミケ⊥ ゅ∠をへ ∇ょわ∠ ∇ムゎ⊥ (O Banu Salamah, st ay where you are, and your foot st eps will be recorded, st ay where you are, and your foot st eps will be recorded.)'' This was also recorded by Muslim from Jabir, may Allah be pleased wit h him. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "A man died in Al-Madinah and t he Prophet prayed over him, and said,

«ロ͡ギ͡ャ∇ヲョ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ヶ͡プ れ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠Α» (Would t hat he had died somewhere ot her t han in his place of birt h!) A man among t he people said, ` Why, O Messenger of Allah' The Messenger of Allah said:

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ Β͡ホ ∩͡ロギ͡ ャ͡∇ヲョ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヶ ∠ あプヲ⊥ ゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ モ ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» «るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ロ͡ ゲ͡ を∠ ぺ∠ ノ͡ ト ͡ ボ∠ ∇レョ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ ャ͡∇ヲョ∠ ∇リョ͡ (When a man dies somewhere ot her t han in his place of birt h, it will be measured for him from where he was born t o where his foot st eps no longer appear, (and t his is t he space t hat will be allocat ed for him) in Paradise.)'' It was also recorded by An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah. Ibn Jarir narrat ed t hat Thabit said, "I was walking wit h Anas and I began t o walk quickly. He t ook my hand and we walked slowly, and when we had finished praying, Anas said, ` I walked wit h Zayd bin Thabit and I was walking quickly, and he said: O Anas! Do you not feel t hat your foot st eps are being writ t en down''' There is no cont radict ion bet ween t his and t he first report , on t he cont rary, t his indicat es t he same t hing somewhat more forcefully. Because t hese foot st eps are being recorded, t hen t hose which are set t ing an example, whet her good or bad, are more likely t o be recorded. And Allah knows best .

び∃リΒ͡らョぁ ュ∃ ゅ∠ョま͡ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠ダ∇ェ∠ぺ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ｚモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and all t hings We have recorded wit h numbers (as a record) in Imam Mubin (a Clear Book).) means, everyt hing t hat exist s is precisely dict at ed in a record in Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz. Al-Imam Al-Mubin here refers t o t he source of all records. This was t he view of Muj ahid, Qat adah and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam. Similarly, Allah also says:

び∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ⇒∠ョみ͡よ͡ サ ∃ ゅ∠ルぺ⊥ ｚモミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ ((And remember) t he Day when We shall call t oget her all human beings wit h t heir (respect ive) Imam (record of good and bad deeds)) (17:71). meaning t he Book of t heir deeds which will t est ify as t o t heir deeds, whet her t hey were good or bad. This is like t he Ayat :

び͡￢へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ ∇ΒΒあ ら͡ レｚ ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ ヴ⇒͡ィヱ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ノ∠ ッ ͡ ヱ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t he Book will be placed (open), and t he Prophet s and t he wit nesses will be brought forward) (39:69), and

ゅｚヨョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ゲわ∠ プ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ノ∠ ッ ͡ ヱ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ケ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠ピΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰャ͡ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∠わ∠ヤ∇Α∠ヲΑ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠ィ∠ヱ∠ヱ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ダ∇ェぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ り⇔ ゲ∠ Β͡らミ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ Β͡ピタ ∠ び や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲッ ͡ ゅ∠ェ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ (And t he Book (one's Record) will be placed, and you will see t he criminals, fearful of t hat which is (recorded) t herein. They will say: "Woe t o us! What sort of Book is t his t hat leaves neit her a small t hing nor a big t hing, but has recorded it wit h numbers!'' And t hey will find all t hat t hey did, placed before t hem, and your Lord t reat s no one wit h inj ust ice.) (18:49).

ゅ∠ワ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ る͡ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゆゲ͡ ∇ッや∠ヱぴ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ヲ⊥よグｚ ム∠ プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇をや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇クま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ゑ ∃ ャ͡ゅ∠んよ͡ ゅ∠ル∇コゴｚ ∠バ∠プ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや メ ∠ ゴル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠レヤ⊥∇んョあ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べｚル͡ま ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ∇ムゎ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ びリ ⊥ Β͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ∠ら∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ャ∠

(13. And put forward t o t hem a similit ude; t he Dwellers of t he Town, when t here came Messengers t o t hem.) (14. When We sent t o t hem t wo Messengers, t hey denied t hem bot h; so We reinforced t hem wit h a t hird, and t hey said: "Verily, we have been sent t o you as Messengers.'') (15. They said: "You are only human beings like ourselves, and t he Most Gracious has revealed not hing. You are only t elling lies.'') (16. The Messengers said: "Our Lord knows t hat we have been sent as Messengers t o you,'') (17. "And our dut y is only t o convey plainly.'')

The Story of the Dwellers of the Town and Their Messengers, a Lesson that Those Who belied Their Messengers were destroyed Allah says, ` O Muhammad, t ell your people who disbelieve in you,'

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ワ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ る͡ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョｚ ぴ (a similit ude; t he Dwellers of t he Town, when t here came Messengers t o t hem.) In t he report s t hat he t ransmit t ed from Ibn ` Abbas, Ka` b Al-Ahbar and Wahb bin Munabbih - Ibn Ishaq report ed t hat it was t he cit y of Ant ioch, in which t here was a king called Ant iochus t he son of Ant iochus t he son of Ant iochus, who used t o worship idols. Allah sent t o him t hree Messengers, whose names were Sadiq, Saduq and Shalum, and he disbelieved in t hem. It was also narrat ed from Buraydah bin Al-Husayb, ` Ikrimah, Qat adah and Az-Zuhri t hat it was Ant ioch. Some of t he Imams were not sure t hat it was Ant ioch, as we shall see below aft er t elling t he rest of t he st ory, if Allah wills.

びゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ヲ⊥よグｚ ム∠ プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇をや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ (When We sent t o t hem t wo Messengers, t hey denied t hem bot h;) means, t hey hast ened t o disbelieve in t hem.

び∃ゑャ͡ゅ∠んよ͡ ゅ∠ル∇コゴｚ ∠バ∠プぴ (so We reinforced t hem wit h a t hird,) means, ` We support ed and st rengt hened t hem wit h a t hird Messenger. ' Ibn Jurayj narrat ed from Wahb bin Sulayman, from Shu` ayb Al-Jaba'i, "The names of t he first t wo Messengers were Sham` un and Yuhanna, and t he name of t he t hird was Bulus, and t he cit y was Ant ioch (Ant akiyah).

び∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ (and t hey said) means, t o t he people of t hat cit y,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, we have been sent t o you as Messengers.) meaning, ` from your Lord Who creat ed you and Who commands you t o worship Him Alone wit h no part ners or associat es.' This was t he view of Abu Al-` Aliyah. Qat adah bin Di` amah claimed t hat t hey were messengers of t he Messiah, peace be upon him, sent t o t he people of Ant ioch.

びゅ∠レヤ⊥∇んョあ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "You are only human beings like ourselves...'') means, ` so how could you receive revelat ion when you are human beings and we are human beings, so why do we not receive revelat ion like you If you are Messengers, you should be angels.' This is like what many of t he nat ions said who disbelieved, as Allah has t old us in t he Ayah: c

∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほゎｚ ろ∠ルゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ びゅ∠レル∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ぺ∠ (That was because t here came t o t hem t heir Messengers wit h clear proofs, but t hey said: "Shall mere men guide us'') (64: 6) meaning t hat t hey were amazed by t hat and t hey denied it . And Allah says:

ゅ∠ルヱぁギダ ⊥ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ ゅ∠レヤ⊥∇んョあ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ び∃リΒ͡らョぁ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤジ ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ゅ∠ルぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅヨｚ ハ ∠ (They said: "You are no more t han human beings like us! You wish t o t urn us away from what our fat hers used t o worship. Then bring us a clear aut horit y.'') (14:10). And Allah t ells us t hat t hey said:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガャｚ や⇔ク͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠∇んョあ ⇔やゲ∠ゼ∠よ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ("If you were t o obey a human being like yourselves, t hen verily, you indeed would be losers.'') (23:34). And Allah says:

Ι ｚ ま͡ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ノ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びΙ ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ や⇔ゲゼ ∠ よ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ∠ぺ (And not hing prevent ed men from believing when t he guidance came t o t hem, except t hat t hey said: "Has Allah sent a man as (His) Messenger'') (17:94). These people said:

リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ルぺ∠ べ∠ョ∠ヱ ゅ∠レヤ⊥∇んョあ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ べｚル͡ま ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ∇ムゎ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡

(You are only human beings like ourselves, and t he Most Gracious has revealed not hing. You are only t elling lies.'' The Messengers said: "Our Lord knows t hat we have been sent as Messengers t o you.'') This means t hat t he t hree Messengers answered t hem saying: "Allah knows t hat we are His Messengers t o you. If we were lying, He would have t aken t he ut most vengeance against us, but He will cause us t o prevail and will make us vict orious against you, and you will come t o know whose will be t he happy end in t he Hereaft er.'' This is like t he Ayah:

ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レ∇Βよ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ モ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ (Say: "Sufficient is Allah for a wit ness bet ween me and you. He knows what is in t he heavens and on eart h.'' And t hose who believe in falsehood, and disbelieve in Allah, it is t hey who are t he losers.) (29:52)

びリ ⊥ Β͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And our dut y is only t o convey plainly.) means, ` all we have t o do is t o convey t o you t he Message wit h which we have been sent ; if you obey, t hen happiness will be yours in t his world and t he Hereaft er, and if you do not respond, you will soon know t he consequences of t hat .' And Allah knows best .

∇ユム⊥ レｚ ヨ∠ ィ ⊥ ∇ゲレ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レ∠ゎ ∇ユャｚ リ͡ゃャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲΒｚ ト ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ゅｚレョあ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ジ ｚ ヨ∠ Β∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇モよ∠ ユ⊥ゎ∇ゲミあ ク⊥ ラ͡￢ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョｚ ユ⊥ミゲ⊥ ゃ͡ ⇒∠デ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥プ͡ゲ∇ジョぁ (18. They (people) said: "For us, we see an evil omen from you; if you cease not , we will surely st one you, and a painful t orment will t ouch you from us.'') (19. They (Messengers) said: "Your evil omens be wit h you! Because you are admonished Nay, but you are a people mischievous.'') Then t he people of t he cit y said t o t hem,

び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲΒｚ ト ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (For us, we see an evil omen from you;) meaning, ` we do not see in your faces any sign of good for our lives.' Qat adah said, "They were saying, ` if somet hing bad befalls us, it will be because of you.''' Muj ahid said, "They were saying: People like you never ent er a t own, but it s people are punished.''

び∇ユム⊥ レｚ ヨ∠ ィ ⊥ ∇ゲレ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レ∠ゎ ∇ユャｚ リ͡ゃャ∠ぴ (if you cease not , we will surely st one you,) Qat adah said, "By t hrowing st ones at you.''

び∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ゅｚレョあ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ジ ｚ ヨ∠ Β∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and a painful t orment will t ouch you from us.) means, a severe punishment . Their Messengers said t o t hem:

び∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョｚ ユ⊥ミゲ⊥ ゃ͡ ⇒∠デぴ (Your evil omens be wit h you!) meaning, ` t hey are t hrown back at you.' This is like t he Ayah where Allah describes t he people of Fir` awn:

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇らダ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ る⊥ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠デ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ｚョ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒｚ ト ｚ Α∠ る∀ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ び͡ヮヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ (But whenever good came t o t hem, t hey said: "Ours is t his.'' And if evil afflict ed t hem, t hey ascribed it t o evil omens connect ed wit h Musa and t hose wit h him. Be informed! Verily, t heir evil omens are wit h Allah) (7:131). And t he people of Salih said:

び͡ヮヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠デ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ バ∠ ョｚ リ∠ヨよ͡ ヱ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲΒｚ デ ｚ やぴ ("We augur ill omen from you and t hose wit h you.'' He said: "Your ill omen is wit h Allah.'') (27:47) And Allah said:

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ る∀ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇らダ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ポ ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ る∀ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇らダ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キゅ∠ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ヰャ͡ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ び⇔ゅんΑ͡ギェ ∠ (And if some good reaches t hem, t hey say, "This is from Allah,'' but if some evil befalls t hem, t hey say, "This is from you.'' Say: "All t hings are from Allah,'' so what is wrong wit h t hese people t hat t hey fail t o underst and any word) (4:78)

び∠ラヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇ジョぁ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇モよ∠ ユ⊥ゎ∇ゲミあ ク⊥ ラ͡￢∠ぺぴ ((Do you call it ''evil omen'') because you are admonished Nay, but you are a people mischievous.) means, ` because of us, because we admonished you and t old you t o worship Allah Alone and wit h all sincerit y, and in ret urn you said what you said and t hreat ened us. Nay, but you are a mischievous people.' Qat adah said, "This means, ` Because we reminded you about Allah, you saw an evil omen in us. Nay, but you are a mischievous people'. ''

ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヴ∠バ∇ジΑ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ダ∇ホぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ Ι ｚ リ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ や - リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ や ヴ͡ルゲ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ン͡グャｚや ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヴ ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ ラ͡ま る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ グ⊥ ガ ͡ ゎｚ ￢∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘセ ∠ ヴあレハ ∠ リ ͡ ∇ピゎ⊥ Ι ｚ ｙゲツ ⊥ よ͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ろ ⊥ レ∠ョや∠￢ ヴあルま͡ - リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャｚ や⇔ク͡ま ヴあルま͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥グボ͡ レ⊥Α びラ ͡ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ (20. And t here came a man running from t he fart hest part of t he t own. He said, "O my people! Obey t he Messengers.'') (21. "Obey t hose who ask no wages of you, and who are right ly guided.'') (22. "And why should I not worship Him Who has creat ed me and t o Whom you shall be ret urned.'') (23. "Shall I t ake besides Him gods If t he Most Gracious int ends me any harm, t heir int ercession will be of no use for me what soever, nor can t hey save me.'') (24. "Then verily, I should be in plain error.'') (25. "Verily, I have believed in your Lord, so list en t o me!'') Quot ing what reached him from Ibn ` Abbas, Ka` b Al-Ahbar and Wahb bin Munabbih -- Ibn Ishaq report ed t hat , "The people of t he cit y resolved t o kill t heir Messengers, t hen a man came running t o t hem from t he fart hest part of t he t own, i.e., t o help t hem against his people. They said, his name was Habib, and he used t o work wit h ropes. He was a sickly man who suffered from leprosy, and he was very charit able, giving half of his earnings in charit y, and his Fit rah (nat ural inclinat ion) was sound.'' Shabib bin Bishr said, narrat ing from ` Ikrimah, from Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat t he name of t he man ment ioned in Ya Sin was Habib An-Naj j ar, and he was killed by his people.

び∠リΒ͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ や ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "O my people! Obey t he Messengers.'') -- he urged his people t o follow t he Messengers who had come t o t hem.

び⇔やゲ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ Ι ｚ リ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ やぴ (Obey t hose who ask no wages of you,) means, ` f or t he Message which t hey convey t o you, and t hey are right ly-guided in what t hey are calling you t o, t he worship of Allah Alone wit h no part ner or associat e.'

びヴ͡ルゲ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ン͡グャｚや ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヴ ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And why should I not worship Him Who has creat ed me) means, ` and what is t here t o st op me from sincerely worshipping t he One Who has creat ed me, and worshipping Him Alone, wit h no part ner or associat e'

び∠ラヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t o Whom you shall be ret urned.) means, ` on t he Day of Resurrect ion, when He will requit e you for your deeds: if t hey are good t hen you will be rewarded and if t hey are evil t hen you will be punished.'

び⇔るヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ グ⊥ ガ ͡ ゎｚ ￢∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Shall I t ake besides Him gods) This is a rhet orical quest ion int ended t o rebuke and chast ise.

∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘセ ∠ ヴあレハ ∠ リ ͡ ∇ピゎ⊥ Ι ｚ ｙゲツ ⊥ よ͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ラ ͡ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ ラ͡まぴ び∠ラヱ⊥グボ͡ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ (If t he Most Gracious int ends me any harm, t heir int ercession will be of no use for me what soever, nor can t hey save me.) means, ` t hese gods whom you worship inst ead of Him possess no power what soever, if Allah wills me some harm,'

び∠ヲワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ブ ∠ ゼ ͡ ⇒∠ミ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (none can remove it but He) (6:17). ` These idols can neit her cause any harm nor bring any benefit , and t hey cannot save me from t he predicament I am in.'

びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャｚ や⇔ク͡ま ヴあル͡まぴ (Then verily, I should be in plain error.) means, ` if I were t o t ake t hem as gods inst ead of Allah.'

びラ ͡ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ろ ⊥ レ∠ョや∠￢ ヴあル͡まぴ

(Verily, I have believed in your Lord, so list en t o me!) Ibn Ishaq said, quot ing from what had reached him from Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Ka` b and Wahb, "He said t o his people:

び∇ユム⊥ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ろ ⊥ レ∠ョや∠￢ ヴあル͡まぴ (` Verily, I have believed in your Lord) in Whom you have disbelieved,

び͡ラヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ (so list en t o me!)' means, list en t o what I say.'' Or it may be t hat he was addressing t he Messengers when he said:

び∇ユム⊥ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ろ ⊥ レ∠ョや∠￢ ヴあル͡まぴ (Verily, I have believed in your Lord,) meaning, ` Who has sent you,'

び͡ラヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ (so list en t o me!) meaning, ` bear wit ness t o t hat before Him.' This was narrat ed by Ibn Jarir, who said, "And ot hers said t hat t his was addressed t o t he Messengers, and he said t o t hem: ` List en t o what I say and bear wit ness t o what I say before my Lord, t hat I have believed in your Lord and have followed you.' This int erpret at ion is more apparent , and Allah knows best . Ibn Ishaq said, quot ing from what had reached him from Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Ka` b and Wahb, ` When he said t hat , t hey t urned on him as one, and killed him at once, and he had no one t o prot ect him from t hat .''' Qat adah said, "They st art ed t o st one him while he was saying, ` O Allah, guide my people for t hey do not know, and t hey kept st oning him unt il he died a violent deat h, and he was st ill praying for t hem.' May Allah have mercy on him.''

ゅ∠ヨよ͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヴ͡ョ∇ヲ∠ホ ろ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡カ ⊥ ∇キや モ ∠ Β͡ホぴ べ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ∠ ∇ムヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡レヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ͡ャ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ビ ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ギ∃ レ⊥ィ リ͡ョ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ や∠クみ͡プ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ エ ∠ ∇Βタ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま - リ ∠ Β͡ャゴ͡ レ⊥ョ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヨ͡ ⇒∠カ ∇ユワ⊥ (26. It was said: "Ent er Paradise.'' He said: "Would t hat my people knew.'') (27. "That my Lord (Allah) has forgiven me, and made me of t he honored ones!'') (28. And We sent not against his people aft er him an army from t he heaven, nor was it needful for Us t o send (such a t hing).) (29. It was but one Sayhah and lo! t hey (all) were st ill.) Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed from

some of his companions from Ibn Mas` ud, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat t hey st amped on him unt il his int est ines came out of his back passage. Allah said t o him:

び∠るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡カ ⊥ ∇キやぴ ("Ent er Paradise.'') so he ent ered it wit h all it s bount iful provision, when Allah had t aken away from him all t he sickness, grief and exhaust ion of t his world. Muj ahid said, "It was said t o Habib An-Naj j ar, ` Ent er Paradise.' This was his right , for he had been killed. When he saw t he reward,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヴ͡ョ∇ヲホ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "Would t hat my people knew...'').'' Qat adah said, "You will never find a believer but he is sincere and is never insincere. When he saw wit h his own eyes how Allah had honored him, he said:

ゅ∠ヨよ͡ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ヴ͡ョ∇ヲ∠ホ ろ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡カ ⊥ ∇キや モ ∠ Β͡ホぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ョゲ∠ ∇ムヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡レヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ͡ャ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ビ ∠ (He said: "Would t hat my people knew t hat my Lord has forgiven me, and made me of t he honored ones!'') He wished t hat his people could know about what he was seeing wit h his own eyes of t he honor of Allah.'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "He was sincere t owards his people during his lifet ime by saying,

び∠リΒ͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ や ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Αぴ (O my people! Obey t he Messengers), and aft er his deat h by saying:

ゅ∠ヨよ͡ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ヴ͡ョ∇ヲ∠ホ ろ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡カ ⊥ ∇キや モ ∠ Β͡ホぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ョゲ∠ ∇ムヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡レヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ͡ャ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ビ ∠ (Would t hat my people knew t hat my Lord (Allah) has forgiven me, and made me of t he honored ones!) This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hat im. Sufyan At h-Thawri narrat ed from ` Asim AlAhwal from Abu Mij laz:

びリ ∠ Β͡ョゲ∠ ∇ムヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡レヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ͡ャ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ビ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ぴ (That my Lord has forgiven me, and made me of t he honored ones!) "Because of my fait h in my Lord and my belief in t he Messengers.'' He meant t hat if t hey could see t he great reward and everlast ing blessings t hat he had at t ained, t his would lead t hem t o follow t he Messengers. May

Allah have mercy on him and be pleased wit h him, for he was so keen t hat his people should be guided.

リ ∠ ョあ ギ∃ レ⊥ィ リ͡ョ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ャゴ͡ レ⊥ョ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (And We sent not against his people aft er him an army from t he heaven, nor was it needful for Us t o send.) Allah t ells us t hat He t ook revenge on his people aft er t hey had killed him because He, may He be blessed and exalt ed, was angry wit h t hem, for t hey had disbelieved in His Messengers and killed His close friend. Allah t ells us t hat He did not send an army of angels, nor did He need t o send t hem, t o dest roy t hese people; t he mat t er was simpler t han t hat . This was t he view of Ibn Mas` ud, according t o t he report s of Ibn Ishaq from some of his companions concerning t he Ayah:

リ ∠ ョあ ギ∃ レ⊥ィ リ͡ョ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ャゴ͡ レ⊥ョ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (And We sent not against his people aft er him an army from t he heaven, nor was it needful for Us t o send.) He said: "` We did not seek t o out number t hem, for t he mat t er was simpler t han t hat .''

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヨ͡ ⇒∠カ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ エ ∠ ∇Βタ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まぴ (It was but one Sayhah and lo! t hey (all) were st ill.) He said, "So Allah dest royed t hat t yrant king, and dest royed t he people of Ant ioch, and t hey disappeared from t he face of t he eart h, leaving no t race behind. It was said t hat t he words

び∠リΒ͡ャゴ͡ レ⊥ョ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (nor was it needful for Us t o send (such a t hing).) mean, ` We did not send t he angels against t he nat ions when We dest royed t hem; all We did was t o send t he punishment t o dest roy t hem.' It was said t hat t he words:

リ ∠ ョあ ギ∃ レ⊥ィ リ͡ョ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (And We sent not against his people aft er him an army from t he heaven,) mean, anot her Message t o t hem. This was t he view of Muj ahid and Qat adah. Qat adah said, "Allah did not rebuke his people aft er t hey killed him,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヨ͡ ⇒∠カ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ エ ∠ ∇Βタ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まぴ (It was but one Sayhah and lo! t hey (all) were st ill).'' Ibn Jarir said, "The former view is more correct , because t he Message does not need t o be brought by an army.'' The scholars of Tafsir said, "Allah sent Jibril, peace be upon him, t o t hem, and he seized t he pillars at t he gat e of t heir cit y, t hen he hurled one Sayhah upon t hem and lo! t hey (all) were st ill, t o t he last man among t hem, and no soul was left in any body.'' We have already referred t o t he report s from many of t he Salaf t hat t his cit y was Ant ioch, and t hat t hese t hree Messengers were messengers sent from t he Messiah ` Isa bin Maryam, peace be upon him, as Qat adah and ot hers st at ed. This is not ment ioned by any of t he lat er scholars of Tafsir besides him, and t his issue must be examined from a number of angles. (The first ) is t hat if we t ake t his st ory at face value, it indicat es t hat t hese men were Messengers from Allah, may He be glorified, not from t he Messiah, peace be upon him, as Allah says:

ゑ ∃ ャ͡ゅ∠んよ͡ ゅ∠ル∇コゴｚ バ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ヲ⊥よグｚ ム∠ プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇をや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ (When We sent t o t hem t wo Messengers, t hey denied t hem bot h; so We reinforced t hem wit h a t hird, and t hey said: "Verily, we have been sent t o you as Messengers.'') up t o:

べ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べｚル͡ま ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ びリ ⊥ Β͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ∠ら∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ("Our Lord knows t hat we have been sent as Messengers t o you. And our dut y is only t o convey plainly (t he Message).'') If t hey had been from among t he Disciples, t hey would have said somet hing t o indicat e t hat t hey had come from t he Messiah, peace be upon him. And Allah knows best . Moreover, if t hey had been messengers sent by t he Messiah, why would t he people have said t o t hem,

びゅ∠レヤ⊥∇んョあ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ぴ ("You are only human beings like ourselves'') (The second) is t hat t he people of Ant ioch did believe in t he messengers sent by t he Messiah t o t hem. Ant ioch was t he first cit y t o believe in t he Messiah, and it is one of t he four cit ies in which t here are Christ ian pat riarchs. These cit ies are: Jerusalem, because it is t he cit y of t he Messiah; Ant ioch, because it was t he first cit y where all of t he people believed in t he Messiah; Alexandria, because it was in t hat cit y t hat t hey agreed t o reform t he hierarchy of pat riarchs, met ropolit ans (archbishops), bishops, priest s, deacons and monks; and Rome, because it is t he cit y of t he Emperor Const ant ine who support ed and helped t o est ablish t heir religion. When he adopt ed Const ant inople as his cit y, t he Pat riarch of Rome moved t here, as has been ment ioned by several hist orian, such as Sa` id bin Bat riq and ot hers, bot h People of t he Book and Muslims. If we accept t hat , t hen t he people of Ant ioch were t he first t o believe, but Allah t ells us t hat t he people of t his t own rej ect ed His Messengers and t hat He dest royed t hem wit h one Sayhah and lo! t hey (all) were st ill. And Allah knows best . (The t hird) is t hat t he st ory of Ant ioch and t he Disciples of t he Messiah happened

aft er t he Tawrah had been revealed. Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased wit h him, and ot hers among t he Salaf st at ed t hat aft er revealing t he Tawrah, Allah, may He be blessed and exalt ed, did not dest roy an ent ire nat ion by sending a punishment upon t hem. Rat her, He commanded t he believers t o fight t he idolat ors. They ment ioned t his when discussing t he Ayah:

ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ べ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びヴ∠ャヱｙΙや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや (And indeed We gave Musa -- aft er We had dest royed t he generat ions of old -- t he Script ure) (28:43). This implies t hat t he cit y ment ioned in t he Qur'an is a cit y ot her t han Ant ioch, as also st at ed by more t han one of t he Salaf. Or, if we wish t o keep t he same name, it is possible t hat it is anot her Ant ioch, not t he one which is well-known, for it is not known t hat it (t he famous Ant ioch) was dest royed, eit her during Christ ian t imes or before. And Allah knows best .

Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ジエ ∠ Αぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ム∠ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ ∇ユミ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚヨャｚ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲツ ∠ ∇エョ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Α∠ギャｚ ∀ノΒ͡ヨィ ∠ (30. Alas for mankind! There never came a Messenger t o t hem but t hey used t o mock at him.) (31. Do t hey not see how many of t he generat ions We have dest royed before t hem Verily, t hey will not ret urn t o t hem.) (32. And surely, all -- everyone of t hem will be brought before Us.)

Woe to the Disbelievers! Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah:

び͡キゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ジエ ∠ Αぴ (Alas for mankind!), t his means, woe t o mankind! Qat adah said:

び͡キゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ジエ ∠ Αぴ (Alas for mankind!) means, "Alas for mankind, who have neglect ed t he command of Allah.'' The meaning is t hat t hey will feel regret and sorrow on t he Day of Resurrect ion. When t hey see t he punishment wit h t heir own eyes; t hey will regret how t hey disbelieved t he Messengers of Allah and went against t he commands of Allah, for t hey used t o disbelieve in t hem in t his world.

び∠ラヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (There never came a Messenger t o t hem but t hey used t o mock at him.) means, t hey disbelieved him and made fun of him, and rej ect ed t he message of t rut h wit h which he had been sent .

The Refutation of the Belief in the Transmigration of Souls Then Allah says:

∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユミ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ (Do t hey not see how many of t he generat ions We have dest royed before t hem Verily, t hey will not ret urn t o t hem.) meaning, ` do you not learn a lesson from t hose whom Allah dest royed before you of t hose who disbelieved in t he Messengers They came t o t his world only once, and will not ret urn t o it .' It is not as many of t hose ignorant and immoral people claim t hat

びゅ∠Β∇エル∠ ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨル∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゅ∠レゎ⊥ ゅ∠Β∠ェ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ∇ラま͡ぴ ("There is not hing but our life of t his world! We die and we live!'') (23:37). This was t he belief in t he cycle of reincarnat ion; in t heir ignorance t hey believed t hat t hey would come back t o t his world as t hey had been before. But Allah refut ed t heir false belief and said:

∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユミ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ (Do t hey not see how many of t he generat ions We have dest royed before t hem Verily, t hey will not ret urn t o t hem.) Allah's saying:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲツ ∠ ∇エョ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Α∠ギャｚ ∀ノΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゅｚヨャｚ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And surely, all -- everyone of t hem will be brought before Us.) means, all of t he past nat ions and t hose t hat are yet t o come, will be gat hered and brought t o account before Allah, may He be glorified and exalt ed, on t he Day of Judgement , and t hey will be requit t ed according t o t heir good and evil deeds. This is like t he Ayah:

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Β∠ プあ ヲ∠ Β⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚヨャｚ Κ ６ ⇒⊥ミ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, t o each of t hem your Lord will repay t heir works in full.) (11:111).

ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ΒΒ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ る⊥ わ∠ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚャ ∀る∠Αや∠￢∠ヱぴ リあョ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ゅ⇔ら∂ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ͡ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥Βバ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠ル∇ゲイ ｚ プ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ∃ Β͡ガルｚ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ を∠ リ͡ョ ろ ⊥ ら͡ レ⊥ゎ ゅｚヨョ͡ ゅ∠ヰヤｚミ⊥ ァ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇コΙ ｘ や ペ∠ヤカ ∠ ン͡グャｚや リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや (33. And a sign for t hem is t he dead land. We give it life, and We bring fort h from it grains, so t hat t hey eat t hereof.) (34. And We have made t herein gardens of dat e palms and grapes, and We have caused springs of wat er t o gush fort h t herein.) (35. So t hat t hey may eat of t he fruit t hereof -- and t heir hands made it not . Will t hey not t hen give t hanks) (36. Glory be t o Him Who has creat ed all t he pairs of t hat which t he eart h produces, as well as of t heir own kind, and of t hat which t hey know not .)

Proof of the Creator of the Universe and of Life after Death Allah, may He be glorified and exalt ed, says:

び⊥ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ∀る∠Αや∠￢∠ヱぴ (And a sign for t hem) means, evidence for t hem of t he exist ence of t he Creat or and His perfect power and abilit y t o resurrect t he dead,

び⊥るわ∠ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ やぴ (is t he dead land.) means, when it is dead and arid, wit h no veget at ion, t hen Allah sends wat er upon it , it is st irred (t o life), and it swells and put s fort h every lovely kind (of growt h). Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ゅ⇔ら∂ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ΒΒ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ぴ (We give it life, and We bring fort h from it grains, so t hat t hey eat t hereof.) meaning, ` We have made it a provision for t hem and t heir cat t le.'

ゅ∠ル∇ゲイ ｚ プ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ∃ Β͡ガルｚ リあョ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ͡ ヲ⊥Βバ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (And We have made t herein gardens of dat e palms and grapes, and We have caused springs of wat er t o gush fort h t herein.) means, ` We have creat ed t herein rivers which flow t o t he places where t hey are needed, so t hat t hey may eat of t heir fruit s.' When Allah reminds t hem of t he blessing t hat He best ows upon His creat ion by creat ing crops and plant s, He ment ions t he different t ypes and kinds of fruit s. Allah says:

び∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and t heir hands made it not .) means, all of t hat could only come about by t he mercy of Allah t owards t hem, not by t heir own effort s and labor and st rengt h. This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas and Qat adah. Allah says:

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Will t hey not t hen give t hanks) meaning, will t hey not t hen give t hanks for t he innumerable blessings t hat He has best owed upon t hem. Ibn Jarir, however, underst ood t he word Ma t o mean Alladhi (i.e., a relat ive pronoun). In t his case t he meaning of t he Ayah would be t hat t hey eat from t he fruit s provided by Allah's bount y and from what t heir own hands have done, i.e., by plant ing t he seeds and t ending t he plant s. Ibn Jarir ment ioned ot her possible int erpret at ions in his Tafsir, but t his is t he int erpret at ion t hat he favored. This int erpret at ion also fit s wit h t he recit at ion of Ibn Mas` ud: (やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇リョ͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ を∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ∇わヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇ユ͡ヰΑ͡ギ∇Α∠ぺ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ ) (So t hat t hey may eat of t he fruit t hereof -- and from what t heir own hands have done.) Then Allah says:

ろ ⊥ ら͡ レ⊥ゎ ゅｚヨョ͡ ゅ∠ヰヤｚミ⊥ ァ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇コΙ ｘ や ペ∠ヤカ ∠ ン͡グャｚや リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ びチ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや (Glory be t o Him Who has creat ed all t he pairs of t hat which t he eart h produces,) meaning, of crops and fruit s and plant s.

び∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (as well as of t heir own (human) kind, ) means, He made t hem int o male and female.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and of t hat which t hey know not .) means, different kinds of creat ures of which t hey know not hing. This is like t he Ayah:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βィ ∠ ∇ヱコ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (And of everyt hing We have creat ed pairs, t hat you may remember.) (51:49)

ユ⊥ワ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ オ ⊥ ヤ∠∇ジル∠ モ ⊥ ∇Βｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚャ ∀る∠Αや∠￢∠ヱぴ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ⇒∠ヰャｚ ゲｙ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ャ͡ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌョぁ メ ∠ コ͡ ゅ∠レョ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ケギｚ ホ∠ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ - ユ͡ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Α͡ギ∇ボゎ∠ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや Ι ∠ - ユ͡ Α͡ギボ∠ ∇ャや ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ィゲ⊥バャゅ∠ミ キ∠ ゅ∠ハ ヴｚわェ ∠ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ペ ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠シ モ ⊥ ∇Βｚャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ャや ポ ∠ ケ͡ ∇ギゎ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ヰャ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エら∠ ∇ジΑ∠ マ ∃ ヤ∠プ∠ ヴ͡プ (37. And a sign for t hem is t he night . We wit hdraw t herefrom t he day, and behold, t hey are in darkness.) (38. And t he sun runs on it s fixed course for a t erm (appoint ed). That is t he decree of t he Almight y, t he All-Knowing.) (39. And t he moon, We have decreed for it st ages, t ill it ret urns like t he old dried curved dat e st alk.) (40. It is not for t he sun t o overt ake t he moon, nor does t he night out st rip t he day. They all float , each in an orbit .)

Among the Signs of the Might and Power of Allah are the Night and Day, and the Sun and Moon

びゅ⇔んΒ͡んェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ヤ⊥∇トΑ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ヴ͡ゼ∇ピΑ⊥ ぴ (He brings t he night as a cover over t he day, seeking it rapidly) (7:54). Allah says here:

び∠ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ オ ⊥ ヤ∠∇ジル∠ モ ⊥ ∇Βｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚャ ∀る∠Αや∠￢∠ヱぴ (And a sign for t hem is t he night . We wit hdraw t herefrom t he day,) meaning, ` We t ake it away from it , so it goes away and t he night comes.' Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌョぁ ユ⊥ワ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (and behold, t hey are in darkness.) As it says in t he Hadit h:

∇リョ͡ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ゲ∠ よ∠ ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠レヰ⊥ ワ ∇リョ͡ モ ⊥ ∇Βｚヤャや モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ホぺ∠ や∠クま͡» «ユ͡もゅｚダャや ゲ∠ ト ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ザ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ろ ͡ よ∠ ゲ∠ ビ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠レヰ⊥ ワ (When t he night comes from here, and t he day depart s from here, and t he sun has set , t hen t he fast ing person should break his fast .) This is t he apparent meaning of t he Ayah. Allah's saying:

ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Α͡ギ∇ボゎ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ⇒∠ヰャｚ ゲｙ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ャ͡ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ び ユ͡ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや (And t he sun runs on it s fixed course for a t erm (appoint ed). That is t he decree of t he Almight y, t he All-Knowing) There are t wo views over t he meaning of t he phrase

びゅ⇒∠ヰャｚ ゲｙ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ャ͡ぴ (on it s fixed course for a t erm (appoint ed). ) (The first view) is t hat it refers t o it s fixed course of locat ion, which is beneat h t he Throne, beyond t he eart h in t hat direct ion. Wherever it goes, it is beneat h t he Throne, it and all of creat ion, because t he Throne is t he roof of creat ion and it is not a sphere as many ast ronomers claim. Rat her it is a dome support ed by legs or pillars, carried by t he angels, and it is above t he universe, above t he heads of people. When t he sun is at it s zenit h at noon, it is in it s closest posit ion t o Throne, and when it runs in it s fourt h orbit at t he opposit e point t o it s zenit h, at midnight , it is in it s furt hest posit ion from t he Throne. At t hat point it prost rat es and asks for permission t o rise, as ment ioned in t he Hadit hs. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Dharr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "I was wit h t he Prophet in t he Masj id at sunset , and he said: :

«∨⊥ザ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ゆ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ピゎ∠ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ヵ͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∩∠ケ∠ク ゅ∠よ∠ぺ ゅ∠Α» (O Abu Dharr! Do you know where t he sun set s) I said, ` Allah and His Messenger know best .' He said:

マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ス∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ギ∠ イ ⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ょ ⊥ ワ∠ ∇グゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ み͡プ∠ » :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Α͡ギ∇ボゎ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ⇒∠ヰャｚ ゲｙ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ャ͡ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ «び ユ͡ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや

(It goes and prost rat es beneat h t he Throne, and t hat is what Allah says: (And t he sun runs on it s fixed course for a t erm. That is t he decree of t he Almight y, t he All-Knowing.))'' It was also report ed t hat Abu Dharr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "I asked t he Messenger of Allah about t he Ayah:

びゅ⇒∠ヰャｚ ゲｙ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ャ͡ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (And t he sun runs on it s fixed course for a t erm. ) He said:

«ス∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠ワゲぁ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ » (It s fixed course is beneat h t he Throne.)'' (The second view) is t hat t his refers t o when t he sun's appoint ed t ime comes t o an end, which will be on t he Day of Resurrect ion, when it s fixed course will be abolished, it will come t o a halt and it will be rolled up. This world will come t o an end, and t hat will be t he end of it s appoint ed t ime. This is t he fixed course of it s t ime. Qat adah said:

びゅ⇒∠ヰャｚ ゲｙ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ャ͡ぴ (on it s fixed course for a t erm (appoint ed).) means, "It has an appoint ed t ime and it will not go beyond t hat .'' It was also said t hat t his means, it keeps moving in it s summer orbit for a cert ain t ime, and it does not exceed t hat , t hen it moves t o it s wint er orbit for a cert ain t ime, and it does not exceed t hat . This was narrat ed from ` Abdullah bin ` Amr, may Allah be pleased wit h him. Ibn Mas` ud and Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem, recit ed t his Ayah as: (⊥ザ∇ヨｚゼャや∠ヱ ∇イゎ∠ ヵ͡ゲ ゲｚ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ゅ∠ヰャ∠) (And t he sun runs wit h no fixed course for a t erm,) meaning t hat it has no dest inat ion and it does not set t le in one place, rat her it keeps moving night and day, never slowing down or st opping, as in t he Ayah:

び∠リΒ∠らも͡ へ∠キ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ゲｚガシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He has made t he sun and t he moon, bot h const ant ly pursuing t heir courses, t o be of service t o you) (14:33). which means, t hey will never slow down or st op, unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion.

び͡ゴΑ͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Α͡ギ∇ボゎ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That is t he decree of t he Almight y, ) means, which none can oppose or prevent .

び⊥ユΒ͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャやぴ (t he All-Knowing.) Who knows every movement and every cessat ion of movement , Who has decreed t hat and Who has set it in mot ion following a pat t ern in which t here are no differences or inversions, as Allah says:

ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゅ⇔レ∠ムシ ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゥ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇タΗ ͡や ペ ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠プぴ び ユ͡ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Α͡ギ∇ボゎ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ら∇ジェ ⊥ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ((He is t he) Cleaver of t he daybreak. He has appoint ed t he night for rest ing, and t he sun and t he moon for reckoning. Such is t he measuring of t he Almight y, t he All-Knowing.) (6:96) And t his is how t his Ayah ends:

び͡ユΒ͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Α͡ギ∇ボゎ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That is t he decree of t he Almight y, t he All-Knowing.) Then Allah says:

び∠メ͡コゅ∠レ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ケギｚ ホ∠ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And t he moon, We have decreed for it st ages,) meaning, ` We have caused it t o run in a different orbit , from which passing of t he mont hs can be deduced, j ust as night and day are known from t he sun.' This is like t he Ayah:

サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ろ ⊥ Β͡ホや∠ヲョ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ∇モホ⊥ る͡ ヤｚワ͡ Ε ∠や リ ͡ハ ∠ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Αぴ びあアエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (They ask you about t he crescent moons. Say: "These are signs t o mark fixed periods of t ime for mankind and for t he pilgrimage (Haj j ). '') (2:189),

や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢⇔ べ∠Βッ ͡ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ び∠ゆゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レジ あ ャや キ∠ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バわ∠ ャ͡ メ ∠ コ͡ ゅ∠レョ∠ ロ⊥ ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ (It is He Who made t he sun a shining t hing and t he moon as a light and measured out for it st ages t hat you might know t he number of years and t he reckoning) (10:5), and

モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや る∠ Α∠ や∠￢ べ∠ル∇ヲエ ∠ ヨ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ Α∠ や∠￢ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ リあョ Κ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らわ∠ ャ͡ り⇔ ゲ∠ ダ ͡ ∇らョ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや る∠ Α∠ や∠￢ べ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レジ あ ャや キ∠ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ダ∇ヘゎ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤダ ｚ プ∠

(And We have appoint ed t he night and t he day as t wo Ayat (signs). Then, We have oblit erat ed t he sign of t he night while We have made t he sign of t he day illuminat ing, t hat you may seek bount y from your Lord, and t hat you may know t he number of t he years and t he reckoning. And We have explained everyt hing wit h full explanat ion.) (17:12) So, He has given t he sun it s own light , and t he moon it s (reflect ion of) light , and has given each it s own orbit . So t he sun rises each day and set s at t he end of t he day, giving one kind of light all t he t ime, but it moves, rising and set t ing at different point s in t he summer and wint er, t hus making t he days and night s longer or short er alt ernat ively according t o t he season. It s aut horit y is in t he dayt ime, for it is t he heavenly body t hat dominat es t he day. As for t he moon, Allah has decreed t hat it should pass t hrough different phases. At t he beginning of t he mont h, t he moon appears small when it rises. It gives off lit t le light , t hen on t he second night it s light increases and it rises t o a higher posit ion, and t he higher it rises t he more light it gives -- even t hough it is reflect ed from t he sun -- unt il it becomes full on t he fourt eent h night of t he mont h. Then it st art s t o wane unt il t he end of t he mont h, unt il it appears like t he old dried curved dat e st alk. Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "This is t he original st em (which connect s t he bunch of dat es t o t he t ree).'' The Arabs have a name for each set of t hree night s in a mont h, according t o t he phases of t he moon. They call t he first t hree night s Ghurar; t he next t hree night s Nufal; t he next t hree night s Tusa` (nine) -- because t he last of t hem is t he nint h. The next t hree night s are called ` Ushar (t en) -- because t he first of t hem is t he t ent h. The next t hree night s are called Al-Bid (whit e) -- because of t he light of t he moon which shines bright ly t hroughout t hese t hree night s. The next t hree night s are called Dura` , t he plural of Dar` a', because on t he first of t hem t he night is dark from t he moon rising lat e. Dar` a' refers t o t he black sheep, i.e., t he one whose head is black; t he next t hree night s Zulam; t hen Hanadis, t hen Da'adi; t hen Mihaq, because of t he absence of moonlight at t he beginning of t he mont h. Abu ` Ubayd did not recognize t he names Tusa` and ` Ushar, in t he book Gharib Al-Musannaf.

び∠ゲヨ∠ ボ∠ ャや ポ ∠ ケ͡ ∇ギゎ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ヰャ∠ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや Ι ∠ぴ (It is not for t he sun t o overt ake t he moon,) Muj ahid said, "Each of t hem has a limit which it does not t ransgress or fall short of. When t he t ime of one comes, t he ot her goes away, and when t he t ime for one t o prevail comes, t he t ime of t he ot her ceases.'' ` Ikrimah said concerning t he Ayah,

び∠ゲヨ∠ ボ∠ ャや ポ ∠ ケ͡ ∇ギゎ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ヰャ∠ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや Ι ∠ぴ (It is not for t he sun t o overt ake t he moon,) t his means t hat each of t hem has it s t ime when it prevails. So it is not appropriat e for t he sun t o rise at night .

び͡ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ペ ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠シ モ ⊥ ∇Βｚャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor does t he night out st rip t he day.) means, aft er night has passed, it is not right for anot her night t o come unt il it has been day. The aut horit y of t he sun is during t he day and t he aut horit y of t he moon is at night . Ad-Dahhak said, "The night does not depart from here unt il t he day comes from here -- and he point ed t o t he east .'' Muj ahid said:

び͡ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ペ ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠シ モ ⊥ ∇Βｚャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(nor does t he night out st rip t he day.) "They seek one anot her rapidly.'' The meaning is t hat t here is no gap bet ween night and day; each of t hem follows t he ot her wit h no int erval, because t hey have been subj ugat ed and are bot h const ant ly pursuing one anot her.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エら∠ ∇ジΑ∠ マ ∃ ヤ∠プ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (They all float , each in an orbit .) means, night and day, t he sun and t he moon, all of t hem are float ing, i.e., revolving, in t heir orbit s in t he heaven. This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qat adah and ` At a' Al-Khurasani. Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, and ot hers among t he Salaf said, "In an orbit like t he arc of a spinning wheel.''

ラ ͡ ヲ⊥エ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ｚΑあケク⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ∀る∠Αや∠￢∠ヱぴ ∇ほゼ ∠ ルｚ ラ͡まヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らミ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョあ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥グボ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ オ ∠ Α͡ゲタ ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ホゲ͡ ∇ピル⊥ びリ ∃ Β͡ェ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔ハゅ∠わョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚレョあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ (41. And an Ayah for t hem is t hat We bore t heir offspring in t he laden ship.) (42. And We have creat ed for t hem of t he like t hereunt o, on which t hey ride.) (43. And if We will, We shall drown t hem, and t here will be no shout for t hem, nor will t hey be saved.) (44. Unless it be a mercy from Us, and as an enj oyment for a while.)

Among the Signs of Allah is that He carried Them in the laden Ship Allah t ells us: anot her sign for t hem of His might and power is t hat He has subj ugat ed t he sea t o carry ships, including -- most significant ly -- t he ship of Nuh , peace be upon him, in which Allah saved him and t he believers, apart from whom none of t he descendant s of Adam were left on t he face of t he eart h. Allah says:

び∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ∀る∠Αや∠￢∠ヱぴ (And an Ayah for t hem is t hat We bore t heir offspring) means, t heir forefat hers,

び͡ラヲ⊥エ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プぴ (in t he laden ship.) means, in t he ship which was filled wit h luggage and animals, in which Allah commanded him t o put t wo of every kind. Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "Laden means filled.'' This was also t he view of Sa` id bin Jubayr, Ash-Sha` bi, Qat adah and As-Suddi. Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah and Ibn Zayd said, "This was t he ship of Nuh peace be upon him.''

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らミ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョあ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have creat ed for t hem of t he like t hereunt o, on which t hey ride.) Al-` Awfi said, narrat ing from Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, "This means t he camel, for it is t he ship of t he land on which t hey carry goods and on which t hey ride. '' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "Do you know what t he Ayah:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らミ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョあ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have creat ed for t hem of t he like t hereunt o, on which t hey ride.) refers t o'' We said, "No.'' He said, "This refers t o t he ships which were made aft er t he ship of Nuh, peace be upon him, which was similar t o it .'' This was also t he view of Abu Malik, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah, Abu Salih and As-Suddi, t hat t he Ayah

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らミ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョあ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have creat ed for t hem of t he like t hereunt o, on which t hey ride.) refers t o ships.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ホゲ͡ ∇ピル⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ ルｚ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if We will, We shall drown t hem,) means, t hose who are on board t he ships.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ オ ∠ Α͡ゲタ ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and t here will be no shout for t hem) means, t here will be no one t o save t hem from t heir predicament .

び∠ラヱ⊥グボ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor will t hey be saved. ) means, from what has befallen t hem.

びゅｚレョあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Unless it be a mercy from Us,) means, ` but by Our mercy We make it easy for you t o t ravel on land and sea, and We keep you safe unt il an appoint ed t ime.' Allah says:

び∃リΒ͡ェ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔ハゅ∠わョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and as an enj oyment for a while.) meaning, unt il a t ime t hat is known t o Allah, may He be glorified and exalt ed.

∇ユム⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョあ る∃ Α∠ や∠￢ ∇リョあ ユ͡ヰΒ͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∠リΒ͡ッ͡ゲ∇バョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ぶや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ホ∠ コ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ル∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ バ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ∇ヲャｚ リ∠ョ ユ⊥ バ͡ ∇トル⊥ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ (45. And when it is said t o t hem: "Beware of t hat which is before you, and t hat which is behind you, in order t hat you may receive mercy.'') (46. And never came an Ayah from among t he Ayat of t heir Lord t o t hem, but t hey did t urn away from it .) (47. And when it is said t o t hem: "Spend of t hat wit h which Allah has provided you,'' t hose who disbelieve say t o t hose who believe: "Shall we feed t hose whom, if Allah willed, He would have fed You are only in a plain error.'')

The Misguidance of the Idolators Allah t ells us how t he idolat ors persist ed in t heir misguidance and in not paying at t ent ion t o t he sins t hat t hey had commit t ed in t he past or what was t o happen t o t hem in t he fut ure, on t he Day of Resurrect ion.

び∇ユム⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when it is said t o t hem: "Fear of t hat which is before you, and t hat which is behind you...'') Muj ahid said, "This refers t o sins.'' Ot hers said it is t he opposit e.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (in order t hat you may receive mercy.) means, ` so t hat , if you fear such t hings Allah will have mercy on you and will save you from His punishment .' The wording implies t hat t hey would not respond. Rat her t hat t hey would t urn away and ignore t hat , as Allah says:

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョあ る∃ Α∠ や∠￢ ∇リョあ ユ͡ヰΒ͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And never came an Ayah from among t he Ayat of t heir Lord t o t hem,) meaning, signs of Tawhid and t he t rut h of t he Messengers,

び∠リΒ͡ッゲ͡ ∇バョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (but t hey did t urn away from it ,) means, t hey did not accept it or benefit from it .

びぶや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ホ∠ コ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ル∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when it is said t o t hem: "Spend of t hat wit h which Allah has provided you,'') means, when t hey are t old t o spend of t hat which Allah has provided t o t hem on t he poor and needy among t he Muslims,

び∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (t hose who disbelieve say t o t hose who believe) means, about t he believers who are poor, i.e., t hey say t o t hose believers who t ell t hem t o spend on t he needy,

び⊥ヮヨ∠ バ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ∇ヲャｚ リ∠ョ ユ⊥ バ͡ ∇トル⊥ ぺ∠ぴ (Shall we feed t hose whom, if Allah willed, He (Himself) would have fed) meaning, ` t hose whom you are t elling us t o spend on, if Allah had want ed t o, He would have made t hem independent and fed t hem from His provision, so we are in accordance wit h t he will of Allah wit h regard t o t hem.

び∃リΒ͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ぴ (You are only in a plain error.) means, ` by t elling us t o do t hat .'

-リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ギ⊥ ∇ハヲ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠わョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔バ∇ヘル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や６ゲッ ∠ ヴ͡ジ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ョぺ∠ Ι ｚ モ⊥ホ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ͡ ∇ほわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ∀モィ ∠ ぺ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ゎぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ - ∠ラヲ⊥ョ͡ギ∇ボ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ⊥イ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ や∠クゅｚョ や⇔ケゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ゎゅ∠Βよ∠ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや

(48. And t hey say: "When will t his promise be fulfilled, if you are t rut hful'') (49. They await only but a single Sayhah which will seize t hem while t hey are disput ing!) (50. Then t hey will not be able t o make bequest , nor t hey will ret urn t o t heir family.)

The Disbelievers thought that the Day of Resurrection would never come to pass Allah t ells us how t he disbelievers t hought t hat t he Day of Resurrect ion would never come t o pass, as t hey said:

び⊥ギ∇ハヲ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠わョ∠ ぴ ("When will t his promise be fulfilled...'')

びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰよ͡ モ ⊥イ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ぴ (Those who believe not t herein seek t o hast en it ) (42:18). Allah says:

∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ほ⊥ゎ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ エ ∠ ∇Βタ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ゅ∠ョぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨダ あ ガ ͡ Α∠ (They await only but a single Sayhah which will seize t hem while t hey are disput ing!) meaning, t hey are only wait ing for a single shout which -- and Allah knows best -- will be t he t rumpet blast of t error when t he Trumpet will be blown while t he people are in t heir market places and places of work, arguing and disput ing as t hey usually do. While in t his st at e, Allah will command Israfil t o blow int o t he Trumpet , so he will sound a long not e and t here will be no one left on t he face of t he eart h except he will t ilt his head t o list en t o t he sound coming from heaven. Then t he people who are alive will be driven t o t he gat hering place by a fire which will surround t hem on all sides. Allah says:

び⇔るΒ∠ タ ͡ ∇ヲゎ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then t hey will not be able t o make bequest , ) meaning, wit h regard t o t heir possessions, because t he mat t er is more serious t han t hat ,

び∠ラヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor t hey will ret urn t o t heir family.) Numerous Hadit hs and report s have been narrat ed about t his, which we have ment ioned elsewhere. Aft er t his t here will be t he Trumpet blast which will cause everyone who is alive t o die, besides t he One Who is Ever Living, Et ernal. Then aft er t hat t he t rumpet blast of t he resurrect ion will be sounded.

ヴ∠ャま͡ ゐ ͡ や∠ギ∇ィΙ ｘや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ワ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ケ͡ ヲぁダャや ヴ͡プ オ ∠ ヘ͡ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ルギ͡ ホ∠ ∇ゲョｚ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レん∠ バ∠ よ∠ リ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∠ヤ∇Α∠ヲΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤジ ͡ レ∠Α ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ラ͡ま - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ベ ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ や∠グワ∠ ゅレ∠ ∇Αギ∠ ャｚ ∀ノΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ エ ∠ ∇Βタ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ヌゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲツ ∠ ∇エョ⊥ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ (51. And t he Trumpet will be blown and behold from t he graves t hey will come out quickly t o t heir Lord.) (52. They will say: "Woe t o us! Who has raised us up from our place of sleep.'' (It will be said t o t hem): "This is what t he Most Gracious had promised, and t he Messengers spoke t rut h!'') (53. It will be but a single Sayhah, so behold t hey will all be brought up before Us!) (54. This Day, none will be wronged in anyt hing, nor will you be requit ed anyt hing except t hat which you used t o do.)

The Trumpet Blast of the Resurrection This will be t he t hird blast of t he t rumpet , t he t rumpet blast of t he resurrect ion when people will come fort h from t heir graves. Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤジ ͡ レ∠Α ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゐ ͡ や∠ギ∇ィΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ワ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (and behold from t he graves t hey will come out quickly t o t heir Lord.) Yansilun means t hey will be walking quickly. This is like t he Ayah:

ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ゅ⇔ハや∠ゲシ ͡ ゐ ͡ やギ∠ ∇ィΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツプ͡ ヲ⊥Α ょ ∃ ダ ⊥ ル⊥ (The Day when t hey will come out of t he graves quickly as racing t o a goal.) (70:43).

びゅ∠ルギ͡ ホ∠ ∇ゲョｚ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レん∠ バ∠ よ∠ リ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∠ヤ∇Α∠ヲΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They will say: "Woe t o us! Who has raised us up from our place of sleep.'') meaning, t heir graves, which in t his world t hey t hought t hey would never be raised from. When t hey see wit h t heir own eyes t hat in which t hey had disbelieved,

びゅ∠ルギ͡ ホ∠ ∇ゲョｚ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レん∠ バ∠ よ∠ リ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∠ヤ∇Α∠ヲΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They will say: "Woe t o us! Who has raised us up from our place of sleep.'') This does not cont radict t he fact t hat t hey will be punished in t heir graves, because in comparison t o what is t o come aft erwards, t hat will seem like a nap. Ubayy bin Ka` b, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan and Qat adah said, "They will sleep before t he Resurrect ion.'' Qat adah said, "That will be bet ween t he t wo t rumpet blast s, t hey will say, ` Who has raised us up from our place of sleep''' When t hey say t hat , t he believers will respond. This was t he view of more t han one of t he Salaf.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ベ ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒ヨ∇ェｚゲャや ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ や∠グワ∠ ぴ ((It will be said t o t hem): "This is what t he Most Gracious had promised, and t he Messengers spoke t rut h!'') Al-Hasan said, "The angels will reply t o t hem in t his manner. There is no cont radict ion because bot h are possible. And Allah knows best .

ゅ∠レ∇Αギ∠ ャｚ ∀ノΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ エ ∠ ∇Βタ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲツ ∠ ∇エョ⊥ (It will be but a single Sayhah, so behold t hey will all be brought up before Us!) This is like t he Ayat :

び り͡ ゲ∠ ワ͡ ゅｚジャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ワ や∠クみ͡プ∠ - り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ∇ィコ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (But it will be only a single Zaj rah, when behold, t hey find t hemselves (on t he surface of t he eart h) alive (aft er t heir deat h).) (79:13-14),

び⊥ゆゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ͡ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ウ ͡ ∇ヨヤ∠ミ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅジ ｚ ャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t he mat t er of t he Hour is not but as a t winkling of t he eye, or even nearer) (16:77), and

ラ͡ま ラ ∠ ヲぁレヌ ⊥ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジわ∠ プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャｚ (On t he Day when He will call you, and you will answer (His call) wit h (words of) His praise and obedience, and you will t hink t hat you have st ayed (in t his world) but a lit t le while!) (17:52) which means, ` We will issue but one command, and all of t hem will be gat hered t oget her.'

び⇔ゅゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ヌゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プぴ

(This Day, none will be wronged in anyt hing,) means, wit h regard t o his deeds.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor will you be requit ed anyt hing except t hat which you used t o do.)

∇ユワ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰム͡ ⇒∠プ モ ∃ ピ⊥ セ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャや る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゃム͡ わｚ ョ⊥ マ ͡ も͡ へ∠ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤニ ͡ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ゆ ｙ ケｚ リあョ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ュ∀ Κ ∠シ ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギｚ Α∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ る∀ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠プ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ び ユ∃ Β͡ェケｚ (55. Verily, t he dwellers of t he Paradise, t hat Day, will be busy wit h j oyful t hings.) (56. They and t heir wives will be in pleasant shade, reclining on t hrones.) (57. They will have t herein fruit s and all t hat t hey ask for.) (58. (It will be said t o t hem): "Salam (Peace!)'' -- a Word from t he Lord, Most Merciful.)

The Life of the People of Paradise Allah t ells us t hat on t he Day of Resurrect ion, when t he people of Paradise have reached t he arena of j udgement , and have set t led in t he gardens of Paradise, t hey will be t oo preoccupied wit h t heir own vict ory and new life of et ernal delight s t o worry about anyone else. Al-Hasan AlBasri and Isma` il bin Abi Khalid said, "They will be t oo busy t o t hink about t he t orment which t he people of Hell are suffering. Muj ahid said:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヰム͡ ⇒∠プ モ ∃ ピ⊥ セ ⊥ ヴ͡プぴ (will be busy wit h j oyful t hings.) "Wit h t he delight s which t hey are enj oying.'' This was also t he view of Qat adah. Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "This means t hat t hey will be rej oicing.''

び∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぴ (They and t heir wives) Muj ahid said, "Their spouses,

び∃モ⇒∠ヤニ ͡ ヴ͡プぴ (will be in pleasant shade,) means, in t he shade of t rees.''

び∠ラヲ⊥ゃム͡ ｚわョ⊥ マ ͡ も͡ へ∠ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (reclining on t hrones.) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Muhammad bin Ka` b, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, As-Suddi and Khusayf said:

び͡マ͡もや∠ケΙ ｘ やぴ (t hrone) means beds beneat h canopies.

び∀るヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠プ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (They will have t herein fruit s) means, of all kinds.

び∠ラヲ⊥ハギｚ Α∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and all t hat t hey ask for.) means, what ever t hey ask for, t hey will find it , all kinds and t ypes.

び ユ∃ Β͡ェケｚ ゆ ｙ ケｚ リあョ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ュ∀ Κ ∠シ ∠ぴ ("Salam (Peace!)'' -- a Word from t he Lord (Allah), Most Merciful.) Ibn Jurayj said, "Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, concerning t his Ayah, Allah Himself, Who is t he Peace (AsSalam) will grant peace t o t he people of Paradise. This view of Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, is like t he Ayah:

び∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ｚΒエ ͡ ゎ∠ ぴ (Their greet ing on t he Day t hey shall meet Him will be "Salam'') (33:44).

∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥コゅ∠わ∇ョや∠ヱぴ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ リ ∠ ⇒∠トΒｚゼャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺ ュ∠ キ∠ や∠￢ ヴ͡レら∠ Α ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∀ ゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ Κ ６ ら͡ ィ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ｚッ ∠ ぺ∠ (59. (It will be said): "And O you t he criminals! Get you apart t his Day.'') (60. "Did I not command you, O Children of Adam, t hat you should not worship Shayt an Verily, he is a plain enemy t o you.'') (61. "And t hat you should worship Me. That is t he st raight pat h.'') (62. "And indeed he did lead ast ray a great mult it ude of you. Did you not t hen underst and'')

The Isolation of the Disbelievers and Their Rebuke on the Day of Resurrection Allah t ells us what t he end of t he disbelievers will be on t he Day of Resurrect ion, when He commands t hem t o get apart from t he believers, i.e., t o st and apart from t he believers. This is like t he Ayat :

∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボル∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤΑｚ ゴ∠ プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ (And t he Day whereon We shall gat her t hem all t oget her, t hen We shall say t o t hose who did set part ners in worship wit h Us: "St op at your place! You and your part ners.'' Then We shall separat e t hem) (10:28).

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホゲｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And on t he Day when t he Hour will be est ablished -- t hat Day shall t hey be separat ed.) (30:14)

び∠ラヲ⊥ハギｚ ダ ｚ Α∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t hat Day t hey shall be divided) (30:43) which means, t hey will be divided int o t wo separat e groups.

∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ⊥ ∇ェやぴ ヅ ͡ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥ギ∇ワゅ∠プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ び ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ((It will be said t o t he angels): "Assemble t hose who did wrong, t oget her wit h t heir companions and what t hey used t o worship, inst ead of Allah, and lead t hem on t o t he way of flaming Fire (Hell).'') (37:22-23).

リ ∠ ⇒∠トΒｚゼャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺ ュ∠ キ∠ や∠￢ ヴ͡レら∠ Α ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ (Did I not command you, O Children of Adam, t hat you should not worship Shayt an Verily, he is a plain enemy t o you.) This is a rebuke from Allah t o t he disbelievers among t he sons of Adam,

t hose who obey t he Shayt an even t hough he was a plain enemy t o t hem, and t hey disobeyed Ar-Rahman Who creat ed t hem and grant ed t hem provision. Allah says:

び ∀ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∀ ゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat you should worship Me. That is t he st raight pat h.) meaning, ` I commanded you in t he world t o disobey t he Shayt an, and I commanded you t o worship Me, and t his is t he st raight pat h, but you followed a different pat h and you followed t he commands of t he Shayt an.' Allah says:

び⇔やゲΒ͡んミ∠ Κ ６ ら͡ ィ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ｚッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed he did lead ast ray a great mult it ude of you.) meaning, a large number of people. This was t he view of Muj ahid, Qat adah, As-Suddi and Sufyan bin ` Uyaynah.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Did you not t hen underst and) means, ` did you not have any underst anding, when you went against t he command of your Lord t o worship Him alone, wit h no part ner or associat e, and you preferred t o follow t he Shayt an'

ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ワ∇ヲヤ∠∇タや - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヴ͡わャｚや ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワぴ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ⊥ わ͡ ∇ガル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ べ∠レヨ⊥ ヤあ∠ムゎ⊥ ∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ボら∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ジヨ∠ ト ∠ ャ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ガジ ∠ ヨ∠ ャ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ ヴｚルほ∠プ∠ ヅ ∠ ゲ∠ ダ あ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ツ ͡ ョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥バ⇒∠トわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ レ∠ ⇒⇒∠ムョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ び (63. This is Hell which you were promised!) (64. Burn (ent er) t herein t his Day, for t hat you used t o disbelieve.) (65. This Day, We shall seal up t heir mout hs, and t heir hands will speak t o Us, and t heir legs will bear wit ness t o what t hey used t o earn.) (66. And if it had been Our will, We would surely have wiped out t heir eyes, so t hat t hey would st ruggle for t he pat h, how t hen would t hey see) (67. And if it had been Our will, We could have t ransformed t hem in t heir places. Then t hey would have been unable t o go forward (move about ) nor t hey could have t urned back.) On t he Day of Resurrect ion, it will be said t o t he disbelievers among t he sons of Adam, aft er Hell has been shown t o t hem as a rebuke; and warning:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヴ͡わャｚや ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワぴ (This is Hell which you were promised!) meaning, ` t his is what t he Messengers warned you about , and you did not believe t hem.'

びラ ∠ ヱゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ワ∇ヲヤ∠∇タやぴ (Burn (ent er) t herein t his Day, for t hat you used t o disbelieve). This is like t he Ayah:

ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ - ゅ６ハキ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ル ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲぁハギ∠ Α⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ュぺ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゲ∀ ∇エジ ͡ プ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ヴ͡わャｚや び ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ダ∇らゎ⊥ (The Day when t hey will be pushed down by force t o t he fire of Hell, wit h a horrible, forceful pushing. This is t he Fire which you used t o belie. Is t his magic or do you not see) (52:13-15)

The Mouths of the Disbelievers will be sealed on the Day of Resurrection

ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ べ∠レヨ⊥ ヤあ∠ムゎ⊥ ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ⊥ わ͡ ∇ガル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャやぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ (This Day, We shall seal up t heir mout hs, and t heir hands will speak t o Us, and t heir legs will bear wit ness t o what t hey used t o earn.) eThis will be t he st at e of t he disbelievers and hypocrit es on t he Day of Resurrect ion, when t hey deny t he sins t hey commit t ed in t his world and swear t hat t hey did not do t hat . Allah will seal t heir mout hs and cause t heir limbs t o speak about what t hey did. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "We were wit h t he Prophet and he smiled so broadly t hat his molar could be seen, t hen he said:

«∨⊥マエ ∠ ∇ッぺ∠ ユｚ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケ∇ギゎ∠ ぺ∠» (Do you know why I am smiling) We said, ` Allah and His Messenger know best .' He said:

ゆ あ ケ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ギ͡ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや る͡ ャ∠キ∠ ゅ∠イョ⊥ ∇リョ͡ » ゅ∠ャ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ヴ∠ヤよ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨͡ユ∇ヤヌ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヶ͡ル∇ゲ͡イゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ∇リョ͡ や⇔ギワ͡ ゅ∠セ ゅｚャま͡ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ゴ⊥ Β͡ィぺ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡らゎ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや ュ͡ や∠ゲム͡ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔らΒ͡ジェ ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ボト ͡ ∇ルや :ヮ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠ミ∇ケほ∠ャ͡ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮΒ͡プ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ⊥ わ∠ ∇ガΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩や⇔キヲ⊥ヰセ ⊥ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ュゅ∠ヤム∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴｚヤガ ∠ Α⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡ヮヤ͡ヨ∠ バ∠ よ͡ ペ ∠ト ͡ ∇レわ∠ プ∠ «モ͡ッゅ∠ルぺ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ リ ｚ ム⊥ ∇レバ∠ プ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ボ∇エシ ⊥ ヱ∠ ｚリム⊥ ャ∠ や⇔ギ∇バよ⊥ (Because of t he way a servant will argue wit h his Lord on t he Day of Resurrect ion. He will say, "O Lord, will You not prot ect me from inj ust ice'' ぴAllahび will say, "Of course.'' He will say, "I will not accept any wit ness against me except from myself.'' ぴAllahび will say, "Today you will be a sufficient wit ness against yourself, and t he honorable scribes will serve as wit nesses against you.'' Then his mout h will be sealed, and it will be said t o his facult ies, "Speak!'' So t hey will speak of what he did. Then he will be permit t ed t o speak, and he will say, "May you be doomed! It was for you t hat I was fight ing.'')'' This was recorded by Muslim and An-Nasa'i. Ibn Jarir narrat ed t hat Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The believer will be called t o account on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and his Lord will show him his deeds, j ust bet ween him and His Lord. He will admit it and will say, ` Yes, O Lord, I did do t hat .' Then Allah will forgive him his sins and conceal t hem, and no creat ure on eart h will see any of t hose sins, but his good deeds will be seen, and he will want all t he people t o see t hem. Then t he disbeliever and t he hypocrit e will be brought t o account , and his Lord will show him his deeds and he will deny t hem, saying, ` O Lord, by Your glory, t his angel has writ t en down t hings t hat I did not do.' The angel will say t o him, ` Did you not do such and such on such a day and in such a place' He will say, ` No, by Your glory, I did not do t hat .' When he says t his, Allah will seal his mout h.'' Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "I t hink t hat t he first part of his body t o speak will be his right t high.'' Then he recit ed:

ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ べ∠レヨ⊥ ヤあ∠ムゎ⊥ ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ⊥ わ͡ ∇ガル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャやぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ (This Day, We shall seal up t heir mout hs, and t heir hands will speak t o Us, and t heir legs will bear wit ness t o what t hey used t o earn).

∇やヲ⊥ボら∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ジヨ∠ ト ∠ ャ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ ヴｚルほ∠プ∠ ヅ ∠ ゲ∠ ダ あ ャや (And if it had been Our will, We would surely have wiped out t heir eyes, so t hat t hey would st ruggle for t he pat h, how t hen would t hey see) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, explained it : "Allah says, ` If We willed, We could have misguided t hem all away from t rue guidance, so how could t hey be guided'' And on one occasion he said, "` We could have blinded t hem.''' Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "If Allah willed, He could have covered t heir eyes and made t hem blind, st umbling about .'' Muj ahid, Abu Salih, Qat adah and As-Suddi said, "So t hat t hey would st ruggle for t he pat h, i.e., t he right way.'' Ibn Zayd said, "The meaning of pat h here is t he t rut h -- ` How could t hey see when We have covered t heir eyes''' Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him said:

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ ヴｚルほ∠プ∠ ぴ (how t hen would t hey see) "They would not see t he t rut h.''

び∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ レ∠ ⇒⇒∠ムョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ガジ ∠ ヨ∠ ャ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And if it had been Our will, We could have t ransformed t hem in t heir places.) Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said; "` We could have dest royed t hem.'' As-Suddi said, "` We could have changed t heir form.'' Abu Salih said, "` We could have t urned t hem t o st one.'' Al-Hasan Al-Basri and Qat adah said, "` We could have caused t hem t o sit on t heir feet .'' Allah says:

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ツ ͡ ョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥バ⇒∠トわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (Then t hey would have been unable t o go forward) meaning, move t o t he front ,

び∠ラヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor t hey could have t urned back.) meaning, move backwards. They would have remained st at ic, unable t o move forwards or backwards.

- ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ∇ジ⇒あムレ∠ ル⊥ ロ⊥ ∇ゲヨあ ∠バル∂ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ∀ゲ∇ミ͡ク Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇バゼ あ ャや ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヨヤｚハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠

メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ペ ｚエ ͡ Α∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ェ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥Βャあ - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ラや∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ∠ヱ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (68. And he whom We grant long life -- We reverse him in creat ion. Will t hey not t hen underst and) (69. And We have not t aught him poet ry, nor is it suit able for him. This is only a Reminder and a plain Qur'an.) (70. That he or it may give warning t o him who is living, and t hat Word may be j ust ified against t he disbelievers.)

Allah tells us that the longer the son of Adam lives, the more he becomes weak after being strong, and incapable after being able and active. This is like t he Ayah:

ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ブ ∃ ∇バッ ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ る⇔ ら∠ ∇Βセ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ∇バッ ∠ り∃ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ り∃ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ブ ∃ ∇バッ ∠ び ゲ⊥ Α͡ギボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ (Allah is He Who creat ed you in (a st at e of) weakness, t hen gave you st rengt h aft er weakness, t hen aft er st rengt h gave weakness and gray hair. He creat es what He wills. And it is He Who is t he All-Knowing, t he All-Powerful.) (30:54). And Allah says:

リ͡ョ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Κ ∠ ∇Βム∠ ャ͡ ゲ͡ ヨ⊥ バ⊥ ∇ャや メ ͡ ク∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ぁキゲ∠ Α⊥ リｚョ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ び⇔ゅゃ∇Βセ ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ (And among you t here is he who is brought back t o t he miserable old age, so t hat he knows not hing aft er having known) (22:5). The meaning here -- and Allah knows best -- is t hat Allah is t elling us t hat t his world is t ransient and will come t o an end, it is not et ernal and last ing. Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Will t hey not t hen underst and) meaning, will t hey not t hink about how t hey were creat ed, t hen t hey become gray-haired, t hen t hey become old and senile, so t hat t hey may know t hat t hey were creat ed for anot her world t hat is not t ransient and will not pass away, and from which t here is no way out , which is t he Hereaft er.

Allah does not teach His Messenger Poetry

び⊥ヮャ∠ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇バゼ あ ャや ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヨヤｚハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We have not t aught him poet ry, nor is it suit able for him.) Allah t ells us t hat He has not t aught His Prophet Muhammad poet ry.

び⊥ヮャ∠ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (nor is it suit able for him.) means, he did not know how t o compose it , he did not like it and he had no nat ural inclinat ion t owards it . It was narrat ed t hat he never memorized a st anza of poet ry wit h t he correct met er or rhyme -- he would t ranspose words or memorize it incomplet ely. In Ad-Dala'il, Al-Bayhaqi recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t o Al-` Abbas bin Mirdas As-Sulami, may Allah be pleased wit h him:

リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ͡ギΒ∠らバ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ∇ヰル∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ら∇ヰル∠ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ぺ∠ :モ ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠» «る∠レ∇Β∠Βハ ⊥ ∠ヱ ネ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ホほ∠∇ャや (You are t he one who said: "Do you dist ribut e my boot y and t he boot y of t he servant s bet ween Al-Aqra` and ` Uyainah.'') He said, "It is ` Uyainah and Al-Aqra` .'' He said:

«￢や∠ヲシ ∠ ぁモム⊥ ∇ャや» (It is all t he same.) i.e., it means t he same t hing. And Allah knows best . This is because Allah t aught him t he Qur'an, which

ヮ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ⊥ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ｚぴ び ギ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ユ∃ Β͡ムェ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀モΑ͡ゴレ∠ゎ (Falsehood cannot come t o it from before it or behind it ; sent down by t he All-Wise, Wort hy of all praise.) (41:42). This is not poet ry, as some of t he ignorant disbelievers of t he Quraysh claimed; neit her is it sorcery, a fabricat ion or a magic spell, as t he misguided and ignorant people variously suggest ed. The Prophet was nat urally disinclined t o compose verse, and was forbidden t o do so by Divine Law.

び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ラや∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ∠ヱ ∀ゲ∇ミ͡ク Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ぴ (This is only a Reminder and a plain Qur'an.) means, it is clear and self-explanat ory t o t he one who ponders and comprehends it s meanings, Allah says:

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ェ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥Βャあぴ (That he or it may give warning t o him who is living,) meaning, so t hat t his plain Qur'an might warn every living person on t he face of t he eart h. This is like t he Ayat :

び∠ヒヤ∠よ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ルｘΙぴ (t hat I may t herewit h warn you and whomsoever it may reach) (6:19).

び⊥ロギ⊥ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャゅ∠プ ゆ ͡ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (but t hose of t he sect s t hat rej ect it , t he Fire will be t heir promised meet ing place) (11:17). Those who will benefit from his warning will be t hose whose heart s are alive and who have enlight ened insight , as Qat adah said, "Alive of heart and alive of insight .'' Ad-Dahhak said, "This means wise.''

び∠リΑ͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ペ ｚエ ͡ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat Word may be j ust ified against t he disbelievers.) means, it is a mercy t o t he believers and evidence against t he disbelievers.

ゅ⇔ヨ⇒バ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠レΑ͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ミケ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤャｚク∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムヤ͡⇒∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ゼョ∠ ヱ∠ ノ⊥ ヘ͡ ⇒∠レョ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ (71. Do t hey not see t hat We have creat ed for t hem of what Our Hands have fashioned, t he cat t le, so t hat t hey are t heir owners.) (72. And We have subdued t hem unt o t hem so t hat some of t hem t hey have for riding and some t hey eat .) (73. And t hey have (ot her) benefit s from t hem, and (t hey get t o) drink. Will t hey not t hen be grat eful)

There is a Sign and a Blessing in Cattle Allah ment ions t he blessing t hat He has best owed upon His creat ion by subj ugat ing t hese cat t le for t heir use.

び∠ラヲ⊥ムヤ͡⇒∠ョ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ぴ

(so t hat t hey are t heir owners.) Qat adah said, "They are t heir mast ers.'' Meaning, He has made t hem subdue t hem. So t hey are submissive t owards t hem and do not resist t hem; even if a young child comes t o a camel he can make it kneel down, and if he want s t o, he can make it st and up and can drive it , and it will meekly be led by him. Even if t he t rain consist s of a hundred or more camels, t hey could all be led by a young child.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ミケ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レ͡ヨ∠プぴ (some of t hem t hey have for riding and some t hey eat .) means, some of t hem t hey ride on t heir j ourneys, and use t hem t o carry t heir burdens t o all regions.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and some t hey eat .) means, if t hey want t o, and t hey slaught er and sacrifice t hem.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey have (ot her) benefit s from t hem,) means, from t heir wool, fur, and hair, furnishings and art icles of convenience, comfort for a t ime.

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プぴ (and (t hey get t o) drink. ) means, t heir milk, and t heir urine for t hose who need it as medicine, and so on.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Will t hey not t hen be grat eful) means, ` will t hey not worship t he Creat or and Subduer of t hat , wit hout showing grat it ude t o ot hers'

-ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚ∠バャｚ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲツ ∠ ∇エョｘ ∀ギレ⊥ィ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ダル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲジ ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ マ ∠ ル⊥ゴ∇エΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ヤ∇バΑ⊥ (74. And t hey have t aken besides Allah, gods, hoping t hat t hey might be helped.) (75. They cannot help t hem, but t hey will be brought forward as a t roop (against t hose who worshipped t hem).) (76. So, let not t heir speech t hen grieve you. Verily, We know what t hey conceal and what t hey reveal.)

The gods of the Idolators are not able to help Them Allah denounces t he idolat ors for t aking t he idols as gods alongside Allah, hoping t hat t hose gods will help t hem and provide for t hem and bring t hem closer t o Allah. Allah says:

び∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ダル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (They cannot help t hem,) meaning, t hose gods cannot help t heir worshippers; t hey are t oo weak, t oo insignificant and t oo powerless. Rat her t hey cannot even help t hemselves or t ake revenge on t hose who want t o harm t hem, because t hey are inanimat e and can neit her hear nor comprehend. Allah's saying:

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲツ ∠ ∇エｘョ ∀ギレ⊥ィ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (but t hey will be brought forward as a t roop.) means, at t he t ime of Reckoning according t o t he view of Muj ahid. This means t hat t hose idols will be gat hered t oget her and will be present when t heir worshippers are brought t o account , as t his will add t o t heir grief and will be more effect ive in est ablishing proof against t hem. Qat adah said:

び∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ダル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (They cannot help t hem,) means t he gods.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲツ ∠ ∇エｘョ ∀ギレ⊥ィ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (but t hey will be brought forward as a t roop.) "The idolat ors used t o get angry for t he sake of t heir gods in t his world, but t hey could not do t hem any benefit or prot ect t hem from any harm, for t hey were merely idols.'' This was also t he view of Al-Hasan Al-Basri. This is a good opinion, and was t he view favored by Ibn Jarir, may Allah have mercy on him.

Consolation for the Mercy to the Worlds

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ マ ∠ ル⊥ゴ∇エΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, let not t heir speech t hen grieve you.) means, ` t heir denying you and t heir disbelief in Allah.'

び∠ラヲ⊥レヤ͡∇バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲジ ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We know what t hey conceal and what t hey reveal.) means, ` We know everyt hing about t hem, and We will punish t hem for t heir false claims and deal wit h t hem accordingly on t he

Day when none of t heir deeds, great or small, maj or or minor, will be overlooked, and every deed t hey did t hroughout t heir worldly lives will be laid open for examinat ion.'

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ る∃ ヘ∠ ∇トルぁ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ ∠ジ ͡ ル∠ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ - ∀リΒ͡らョｘ ∀ユΒ͡ダ∠カ ン͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ - ∀ユΒ͡ョケ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ユ∠ ⇒∠ヌバ͡ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ エ⊥Α リ∠ョ ン͡グャｚや - ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ペ ∃ ∇ヤカ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ り∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ べ∠ワほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ヮ∇レョあ ユ⊥わル∠ぺ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ゲ͡ ツ ∠ ∇カΙ ｘ や ゲ͡ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギホ͡ ヲ⊥ゎ (77. Does not man see t hat We have creat ed him from Nut fah. Yet behold he (st ands fort h) as an open opponent .) (78. And he put s fort h for Us a parable, and forget s his own creat ion. He says: "Who will give life t o t hese bones aft er t hey are rot t en and have become dust '') (79. Say: "He will give life t o t hem Who creat ed t hem for t he first t ime! And He is t he All-Knower of every creat ion!'') (80. He Who produces for you fire out of t he green t ree, when behold you kindle t herewit h.)

The Denial of Life after Death, and the Refutation of this Idea Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, ` Urwah bin Az-Zubayr, As-Suddi and Qat adah said, "Ubayy bin Khalaf, may Allah curse him, came t o t he Messenger of Allah wit h a dry bone in his hand, which he was crumbling and scat t ering in t he air, saying, ` O Muhammad! Are you claiming t hat Allah will resurrect t his' He said:

ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠マん⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やマ ∠ わ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » «ケゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ (Yes, Allah, may He be exalt ed, will cause you t o die, t hen He will resurrect you and will gat her you int o t he Fire.)'' Then t hese Ayat at t he end of Surah Ya Sin were revealed:

び∃るヘ∠ ∇トルぁ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Does not man see t hat We have creat ed him from Nut fah.) -- unt il t he end of t he Surah. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "Al-` As bin Wa'il t ook a bone from t he bed of a valley and crumbled it in his hand, t hen he said t o t he Messenger of Allah : ` Will Allah bring t his back t o life aft er it has disint egrat ed' The Messenger of Allah said:

«ユｚレヰ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠マΒ͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥ぶや マ ∠ わ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » (Yes, Allah will cause you t o die, t hen He will bring you back t o life, t hen He will make you ent er Hell.) Then t he Ayat at t he end of Surah Ya Sin were revealed.'' This was recorded by Ibn Jarir from Sa` id bin Jubayr. Whet her t hese Ayat were revealed about Ubayy bin Khalaf or Al` As bin Wa'il, or bot h of t hem, t hey apply t o all t hose who deny t he resurrect ion aft er deat h. The definit e art icle "Al'' in

び⊥リ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Does not man (Al-Insan) see...) is generic, applying t o all t hose who deny t he Resurrect ion.

び∀リΒ͡らョｘ ∀ユΒ͡ダ∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ る∃ ヘ∠ ∇トルぁ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚルぺ∠ぴ (t hat We have creat ed him from Nut fah. Yet behold he (st ands fort h) as an open opponent .) means, t he one who is denying t he resurrect ion, cannot see t hat t he One Who init iat ed creat ion can re-creat e it . For Allah init iat ed t he creat ion of man from semen of despised fluid, creat ing him from somet hing insignificant , weak and despised, as Allah says:

ケ∃ や∠ゲホ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ - リ ∃ Β͡ヰョｚ ￢∃ べｚョ リあョ ユぁムボ⊥ヤ∇ガル∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び ュ∃ ヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ケ∃ ギ∠ ホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ - リ ∃ Β͡ムョｚ (Did We not creat e you from a despised wat er Then We placed it in a place of safet y, for a known period) (77:20-22)

び∃ァゅ∠ゼ∇ョぺ∠ る∃ ヘ∠ ∇トルぁ リ͡ョ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゅ∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We have creat ed man from Nut fah) (76:2). which means, from a mixt ure of different fluids. The One Who creat ed man from t his weak Nut fah is not unable t o re-creat e him aft er his deat h. Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad t hat Bishr bin Jahhash said, "One day t he Messenger of Allah spat in his hand and put his finger on it , t hen t he Messenger of Allah said:

∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ルゴ⊥ イ ͡ ∇バゎ⊥ ヴｚルぺ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ∠ ∇よや :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ» ∩∠マわ⊥ ∇ャギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇Αヲｚ シ ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∩͡ログ͡ ワ∠ モ ͡ ∇んョ͡ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ∩∀ギΒ͡もヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇レョ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ヤャ͡ヱ∠ ∩∠マ∇Αキ∠ ∇ゲよ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βゼ ∠ ョ∠

:ろ ∠ ∇ヤホ⊥ ヶ ∠ ホ͡ や∠ゲわｚ ャや ろ ͡ ピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∩∠ろ∇バレ∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇バヨ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ «∨͡る∠ホ∠ギダ ｚ ャや ラ ⊥ や∠ヱぺ∠ ヴｚル∠ぺ∠ヱ ∩⊥ベギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ (Allah, may He be exalt ed, says: "Son of Adam, how can you out run Me when I have creat ed you from somet hing like t his, and when I have fashioned you and formed you, you walk in your cloak on t he eart h and it groans beneat h your t read. You accumulat e and do not spend unt il t he deat h rat t le reaches your t hroat , t hen you say, ` I want t o give in charit y,' but it is t oo lat e for charit y.'')'' It was also recorded by Ibn Maj ah. Allah says:

ヴ ͡ エ⊥Α リ∠ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ ∠ジ ͡ ル∠ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ョケ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ユ∠ ⇒∠ヌバ͡ ∇ャや (And he put s fort h for Us a parable, and forget s his own creat ion. He says: "Who will give life t o t hese bones aft er t hey are rot t en and have become dust '') meaning, he t hinks it unlikely t hat Allah, t he Almight y Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, will re-creat e t hese bodies and dry bones. Man forget s about himself, t hat Allah creat ed him from not hing and brought him int o exist ence, and he knows by looking at himself t hat t here is somet hing great er t han t hat which he denies and t hinks impossible. Allah says:

ペ ∃ ∇ヤカ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ り∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ べ∠ワほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ (Say: "He will give life t o t hem Who creat ed t hem for t he first t ime! And He is t he All-Knower of every creat ion!'') meaning, He knows about t he bones in all areas and regions of t he eart h, where t hey have gone when t hey disint egrat ed and dispersed. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Rib` i said: ""Uqbah bin ` Amr said t o Hudhayfah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, ` Will you not t ell us what you heard from t he Messenger of Allah ' He said, ` I heard him say:

り͡ ゅ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ザ ∠ Α͡ ぺ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∩⊥れ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ツ ∠ ェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ゅ⇔らト ∠ェ ∠ ヶ͡ャ やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プ ぁろョ⊥ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ や∠クま͡ :ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠タ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ろヤ∠ミ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∩や⇔ケゅ∠ル ヮ͡ Β͡プ やヱ⊥ギホ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩ゅ⇔ャ∇ゴィ ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ∩⊥ろ∇ゼエ ͡ わ⊥ ∇ョゅ∠プ ヶ͡ヨ∇ヌハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ろダ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ヨ∇エャ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ヨ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ∩やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ ∩あユΒ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ワヱぁケグ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ワヲぁホギ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥グガ ⊥ プ∠

:メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨∠マャ͡ク∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や «ヮ∠ャ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ピ∠ プ∠ ∩∠マわ͡ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ (Deat h approached a man and when t here was no longer any hope for him, he said t o his family, "When I die, gat her a lot of firewood, t hen set it ablaze unt il my flesh is consumed and it reaches my bones and t hey become brit t le. Then t ake t hem and grind t hem, and scat t er t hem in t he sea.'' So t hey did t hat , but Allah gat hered him t oget her and said t o him: "Why did you do t hat '' He said, "Because I feared You.'' So Allah forgave him.)' ` Uqbah bin ` Amr said, ` I heard him say t hat , and t he man was a gravedigger.''' Many versions of t his Hadit h were recorded in t he Two Sahihs. One of t hese versions ment ions t hat he commanded his sons t o burn him and t hen grind his remains int o small pieces, and t hen scat t er half of t hem on land and half of t hem on t he sea on a windy day. So t hey did t hat , t hen Allah commanded t he sea t o gat her t oget her what ever remains were in it , and He commanded t he land t o do likewise, t hen he said t o him, "Be!'', and he was a man, st anding. Allah said t o him. "What made you do what you did'' He said, "The fear of You, and You know best .'' St raight away He forgave him.

へ∠クみ͡プ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ゲ͡ ツ ∠ ∇カΙ ｘ や ゲ͡ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギホ͡ ヲ⊥ゎ ヮ∇レョあ ユ⊥わル∠ぺ (He Who produces for you fire out of t he green t ree, when behold you kindle t herewit h.) means, t he One Who init iat ed t he creat ion of t his t ree from wat er, when it has become green and beaut iful, bearing fruit , t hen He changes it unt il it becomes dry wood wit h which fires are lit . For He does what ever He wills and He is able t o do what ever He wills, and none can st op Him. Qat adah said concerning t he Ayah:

へ∠クみ͡プ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ゲ͡ ツ ∠ ∇カΙ ｘ や ゲ͡ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギホ͡ ヲ⊥ゎ ヮ∇レョあ ユ⊥わル∠ぺ (He Who produces for you fire out of t he green t ree, when behold you kindle t herewit h.) t his means, t he One Who brought fort h t his fire from t his t ree is able t o resurrect him. It was said t hat t his refers t o t he Markh t ree and t he ` Afar t ree, which grow in t he Hij az. If one want s t o light a fire but has no kindling wit h him, t hen he t akes t wo green branches from t hese t rees and rubs one against t he ot her, and fire is produced from t hem. So t hey are j ust like kindling. This was report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him.

ケ∃ ギ͡ ⇒∠ボよ͡ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャ∠や ザ ∠ ∇Β⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ペ ⊥ ⇒ｚヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ユ⊥ヰヤ∠∇んョ͡ ペ ∠ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ -ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ リ⊥ミ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡

ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムヤ∠ョ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ン͡グャｚや リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らジ ⊥ プ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ (81. Is not He Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, able t o creat e t he like of t hem Yes, indeed! He is t he All-Knowing Supreme Creat or.) (82. Verily, His command, when He int ends a t hing, is only t hat He says t o it , "Be!'' -- and it is!) (83. So glorified be He and exalt ed (above all t hat t hey associat e wit h Him), and in Whose Hand is t he dominion of all t hings, and t o Him you shall be ret urned.)

Allah points out His great might and power in that He created the seven heavens with all their stars and planets, and the seven earths with everything in them of mountains, sands, oceans and wildernesses, and everything in between. He t ells us t o find t he proof t hat He will re-creat e our bodies in His creat ion of t hese might y t hings. This is like t he Ayah:

ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ⊥ ∇ヤガ ∠ ャ∠ぴ び͡サゅｚレャや (The creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h is indeed great er t han t he creat ion of mankind) (40:57). And Allah says here:

ケ∃ ギ͡ ⇒∠ボよ͡ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャ∠や ザ ∠ ∇Β⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びユ⊥ヰヤ∠∇んョ͡ ペ ∠ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (Is not He Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, able t o creat e t he like of t hem) meaning, t he like of mankind. So, He will re-creat e t hem as He creat ed t hem in t he first place. Ibn Jarir said, "This Ayah is like t he Ayah:

れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ∃ キ͡ ゅ∠ボよ͡ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ボ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ よ͡ ヴ ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや (Do t hey not see t hat Allah, Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, and was not wearied by t heir creat ion, is able t o give life t o t he dead Yes, He surely is able t o do all t hings.) (46:33)'' And Allah says here:

ケ∃ ギ͡ ⇒∠ボよ͡ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャ∠や ザ ∠ ∇Β⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ペ ⊥ ⇒ｚヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ユ⊥ヰヤ∠∇んョ͡ ペ ∠ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ びラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ リ⊥ミ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ (Yes, indeed! He is t he All-Knowing Supreme Creat or. Verily, His command, when He int ends a t hing, is only t hat He says t o it , "Be!''-- and it is!) meaning, He only needs t o command a t hing once; it does not need t o be repeat ed or confirmed. When Allah want s a t hing t o happen, He only says t o it : "Be!'' once, and it is. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Dharr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ゅｚャま͡ ∀ょ͡ル∇グョ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ ∩ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» ∀ゲΒ͡ボ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビぺ∠ ヶ͡ルヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∩⊥ろ∇Βプ∠ ゅ∠ハ ∇リョ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ∀ギ͡ィや∠ヱ ∀ギ͡ィゅ∠ョ ∀キや∠ヲ∠ィ ヶあルま͡ ∩⊥ろ∇Βレ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚャま͡ れ ⊥ ∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡ ∩∀ュゅ∠ヤミ∠ ヶ͡よや∠グハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀ュゅ∠ヤミ∠ ヶ͡もゅ∠トハ ∠ ∩⊥￢ゅ∠セぺ∠ «ラヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ ∇リミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ (Allah, may He be exalt ed, says: "O My servant s, all of you are sinners apart from t hose whom I prot ect from sin. Seek My forgiveness and I will forgive you. All of you are in need except for t hose whom I make independent . I am Most Generous, Maj est ic, and I do what ever I will. My giving is a word and My punishment is a word. When I want a t hing t o happen I merely say t o it ` Be!' and it is.'')

ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムヤ∠ョ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ン͡グャｚや リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らジ ⊥ プ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ (So glorified be He and exalt ed (above all t hat t hey associat e wit h Him), and in Whose Hand is t he dominion of all t hings, and t o Him you shall be ret urned.) means, glorified and exalt ed and sanct ified above any evil be t he Ever Living, t he Self-Sufficient , in Whose hand is t he cont rol of t he heavens and t he eart h, t o Whom all mat t ers ret urn. His is t he power t o creat e and command, and t o Him all mankind will ret urn on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Then He will reward or punish each one according t o his deeds, and He is t he Just , t he Generous Best ower, t he Graciously Disposed. The meaning of t his Ayah,

び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムヤ∠ョ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ン͡グャｚや リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らジ ⊥ プ∠ ぴ

(So glorified be He and exalt ed (above all t hat t hey associat e wit h Him), and in Whose Hand is t he sovereignt y (Malakut ) of all t hings) is like t he Ayat :

び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムヤ∠ョ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ リ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "In Whose Hand is t he sovereignt y (Malakut ) of everyt hing'') (23:88)

び⊥マ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ン͡グャｚや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぴ (Blessed be He in Whose Hand is t he dominion (Al-Mulk)) (67:1) Al-Mulk and Al-Malakut mean t he same t hing, alt hough some people claim t hat Al-Mulk has t o do wit h t he physical realm and Al-Malakut has t o do wit h t he spirit ual realm. But t he former view is t he one which is correct , and t his is t he opinion of t he maj orit y of t he scholars of Tafsir and ot hers. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Hudhayfah bin Al-Yaman, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "I st ood in prayer wit h t he Messenger of Allah one night and he recit ed t he seven long Surahs in seven Rak` ahs. When he raised his head from bowing, he said,

«ロ∠ギヨ͡ ェ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ノ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠» (Allah hears t he one who praises Him.) Then he said;

れ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲら∠ イ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ

れ ͡ ヲ⊥ムヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや

ヵグ͡ヰヤヤ͡ヰヤャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや» «る∠ヨヌ ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ͡￢ゅ∠Α͡ゲ∇ら͡ム∇ャや∠ヱ

(Praise be t o Allah, t he Owner of Malakut , might , pride and great ness.) His bowing was as long as his st anding posit ion, and his prost rat ion was as long as his bowing. Then he finished and my legs were nearly broken.'' Abu Dawud recorded t hat ` Awf bin Malik Al-Ashj a` i, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "I st ood in prayer wit h t he Messenger of Allah one night and he recit ed Al-Baqarah. He did not reach any Ayah t hat ment ioned mercy but he paused and asked for it , and he did not reach any Ayah t hat ment ioned punishment but he paused and sought refuge from it . Then he bowed for as long as he had st ood, and while bowing he said,

͡￢ゅ∠Α͡ゲ∇ら͡ム∇ャや∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ⊥ムヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ れ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲら∠ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヵ͡ク ラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥» «る∠ヨ∠ヌ∠バ∇ャや∠ヱ (Glory be t o Allah, t he Owner of might , Malakut , pride and great ness.) Then he prost rat ed for as long as he had bowed, and said somet hing similar while prost rat ing. Then he st ood and recit ed Al ` Imran, t hen he recit ed one Surah aft er anot her.'' This was recorded by At -Tirmidhi in Ash-Shama'il and An-Nasa'i. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surah Ya Sin. All praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat As-Saffat

(Chapter - 37) Which was revealed in Makkah The Virtues of Surat As-Saffat An-Nasa'i recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah used t o command us t o make our prayers short and he used t o recit e AsSaffat when he lead us in prayer.'' This was recorded by An-Nasa'i only.

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ろ ͡ ⇒∠Βヤ͡⇒ｚわャゅ∠プ - や⇔ゲ∇ィコ∠ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ィ ͡ ゴ∠ ャゅ∠プ - ゅｚヘタ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒ｚヘ⇒ｚダャや∠ヱぴ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ぁ ケｚ - ∀ギ͡ェや∠ヲ∠ャ ∇ユム⊥ ヰ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ - や⇔ゲ∇ミク͡ びベ ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ (1. By t hose ranged in ranks.) (2. By t hose who drive t he clouds in a good way.) (3. By t hose who bring t he Dhikr.) (4. Verily, your God is indeed One;) (5. Lord of t he heavens and of t he eart h, and all t hat is bet ween t hem, and Lord of every point of t he sun's risings.)

It was report ed t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said:

び ゅｚヘタ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒ｚヘ⇒ｚダャや∠ヱぴ "(By t hose ranged in ranks.) -- t hey are t he angels;

び や⇔ゲ∇ィコ∠ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ィ ͡ ゴ∠ ャゅ∠プぴ (By t hose who drive t he clouds in a good way. ) t hey are t he angels;

び や⇔ゲ∇ミク͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Βヤ͡⇒ｚわャゅ∠プぴ (By t hose who bring t he Dhikr.) t hey are t he angels.'' This was also t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Masruq, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Ikrimah, Muj ahid, As-Suddi, Qat adah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas. Qat adah said, "The angels form ranks in t he heavens.'' Muslim recorded t hat Hudhayfah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ゅ∠レプ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘタ ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ ⊥ :ゐ ∃ ゅ∠ヤん∠ よ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤツ あ プ⊥ » ゅ∠ヰヤぁミ⊥ チ ⊥ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡るム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや フ ͡ ヲ⊥ヘダ ⊥ ミ∠ ギ͡ イ ͡ ル∠ ∇ユャ∠ や∠クま͡ ∩や⇔ケヲ⊥ヰデ ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ⊥ や∠ゲゎ⊥ ゅ∠レ∠ャ モ ∠ バ͡ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ギイ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ «￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや (We have been favored over t he rest of mankind in t hree ways: our ranks have been made like t he ranks of t he angels; t he ent ire eart h has been made a Masj id for us; and it s soil has been made a means of purificat ion for us if we cannot find wat er.)'' Muslim, Abu Dawud, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah recorded t hat Jabir bin Samurah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

«∨∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ぁブダ ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁヘダ ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» (Will you not form ranks as t he angels form ranks in t he presence of t heir Lord) We said, ` How do t he angels form ranks in t he presence of t heir Lord' He said:

ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲぁタや∠ゲわ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠るョ∠ ギあ ボ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや フ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘダ ぁ ャや ラ ∠ ヲぁヨわ͡ Α⊥ » «ブｚダャや (They complet e t he rows nearer t he front and t hey consolidat e t he rows. )'' As-Suddi and ot hers said t hat t he Ayah

び や⇔ゲ∇ィコ∠ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ィ ͡ ゴ∠ ャゅ∠プぴ (By t hose who drive t he clouds in a good way. ) means t hat t hey drive t he clouds.

び や⇔ゲ∇ミク͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Βヤ͡⇒ｚわャゅ∠プぴ (By t hose who bring t he Dhikr.) As-Suddi said, "The angels bring t he Script ures and t he Qur'an from Allah t o mankind.''

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ∀ギ͡ェや∠ヲ∠ャ ∇ユム⊥ ヰ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ

(Verily, your God is indeed One, Lord of t he heavens and t he eart h,) This is t he One by Whom t he oat h is sworn, st at ing t hat t here is no God wort hy of worship but He, Lord of t he heavens and t he eart h,

びべ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and all t hat is bet ween t hem,) means, of creat ed beings.

び͡ベゲ͡ ⇒∠ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and Lord of every point of t he sun's risings.) means, He is t he Sovereign Who is cont rolling His creat ion by subj ugat ing it and all t hat is in it of st ars, planet s and heavenly bodies which appear from t he east and set in t he west . Ment ioning t he east is sufficient and t here is no need for t he west t o be ment ioned t oo, because it is implied in what is said. This has also been st at ed clearly elsewhere, in t he Ayat :

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケギ͡ ⇒∠ボャ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ゆ ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ び (So I swear by t he Lord of all t he point s of sunrise and sunset in t he east and t he west t hat surely We are able.) (70:40)

びリ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βホ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ぴ ((He is) t he Lord of t he t wo east s and t he Lord of t he t wo west s. ) (55:17) which refers t o t he rising and set t ing point s of t he sun and t he moon in bot h wint er and summer.

ゅ⇔ヌ∇ヘェ ͡ ヱ∠ - ょ ͡ ミ͡ ヲ∠ ム∠ ∇ャや る∃ レ∠ Α͡ゴよ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅｚレΑｚ コ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ Θ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨｚ ジ ｚ Α∠ Ι ｚ - キ∃ ケ͡ ゅｚョ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇Βセ ∠ あモミ⊥ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ェキ⊥ - ょ ∃ ル͡ ゅ∠ィ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プグ∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ｘや ヮ⊥ バ∠ ら∠ ∇ゎほ∠プ∠ る∠ ヘ∠ ∇トガ ∠ ∇ャや ブ ∠ ト ͡カ ∠ ∇リョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ∀ょ͡タや∠ヱ ∀ゆやグ∠ハ び ∀ょ͡ホゅ∠を ∀ゆゅ∠ヰセ ͡ (6. Verily, We have adorned t he near heaven wit h t he st ars.) (7. And t o guard against every rebellious Shayt an.) (8. They cannot list en t o t he higher group for t hey are pelt ed from every side.) (9. Out cast , and t heirs is a const ant t orment .) (10. Except such as snat ch away somet hing by st ealing, and t hey are pursued by a flaming fire of piercing bright ness.)

The Adornment and Protection of the Heaven comes from Allah Allah t ells us t hat He has adorned t he lowest heaven wit h t he heavenly bodies for t hose among t he people of t he eart h who look at it . The st ars and planet s in t he sky give light t o t he people of eart h, as Allah says:

ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ウ ∠ Β͡ら⇒∠ダヨ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅｚレΑｚ コ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び ゲ͡ Β͡バジ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ͡ Β͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ヤあャ ゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ィケ⊥ (And indeed We have adorned t he nearest heaven wit h lamps, and We have made such lamps (as) missiles t o drive away t he Shayat in, and have prepared for t hem t he t orment of t he blazing Fire.) (67:5),

リ ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ͡ ⇒ｚレヤ͡ャ ゅ∠ヰ⇒ｚレΑｚ コ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ィヱ⊥ゲよ⊥ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ ͡ ョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ユ∃ Β͡ィケｚ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇Βセ ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヌヘ͡ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゆゅ∠ヰセ ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ら∠ ∇ゎほ∠プ∠ ノ∠ ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや ベ ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇シや (And indeed, We have put t he big st ars in t he heaven and We beaut ified it for t he beholders. And We have guarded it from every out cast Shayt an. Except him who st eals t he hearing t hen he is pursued by a clear flaming fire.) (15:16-18). And Allah says here:

び⇔ゅヌ∇ヘ͡ェ∠ヱぴ (And t o guard) meaning, t o prot ect as it should be prot ect ed,

び∃キケ͡ ゅｚョ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇Βセ ∠ あモミ⊥ リあョぴ (against every rebellious Shayt an. ) means, every insolent and impudent devil, when he want s t o eavesdrop (on news in t he heavens), a piercing fire comes and burns him. Allah, may He be glorified, says:

びヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ｘやΘ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨｚ ジ ｚ Α∠ Ι ｚぴ (They cannot list en t o t he higher group) meaning, t hey cannot reach t he higher group -- which refers t o t he heavens and t he angels in t hem -- when t hey speak of what has been revealed by Allah of His Laws and decrees. We have already ment ioned t his when explaining t he Hadit hs quot ed when we discussed t he Ayah,

∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や∠クゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ∠ハ ネ ∠ ゴあ プ⊥ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ び⊥ゲΒ͡らム∠ ∇ャや ヴ ぁ ヤ͡バ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ (when fear is banished from t heir heart s, t hey say: "What is it t hat your Lord has said'' They say: "The t rut h. And He is t he Most High, t he Most Great .) (34:23). Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥プグ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (for t hey are pelt ed) meaning, t hey are hit ,

び∃ょル͡ ゅ∠ィ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョぴ (from every side.) means, from all direct ions from which t hey t ry t o reach t he heaven.

び⇔やケヲ⊥ェキ⊥ ぴ (Out cast ,) means, t hey are rej ect ed, and are repelled and prevent ed from reaching it , and t hey are pelt ed.

び∀ょタ ͡ や∠ヱ ∀ゆやグ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and t heirs is a const ant t orment .) means, in t he Hereaft er, t hey will have an ongoing, everlast ing and painful t orment , as Allah says:

び͡ゲΒ͡バジ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and ぴWeび have prepared for t hem t he t orment of t he blazing Fire) (67:5).

び∠るヘ∠ ∇トガ ∠ ∇ャや ブ ∠ ト ͡カ ∠ ∇リョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except such as snat ch away somet hing by st ealing,) means, except for t he one among t he Shayat in who manages t o get somet hing, which is a word he has heard from t he heaven. Then he t hrows it down t o t he one who is beneat h him, who in t urn t hrows it down t o t he one who is beneat h him. Perhaps t he flaming fire will st rike him before he is able t o t hrow it down, or perhaps he will t hrow it -- by t he decree of Allah -- before t he flaming fire st rikes him and burns him. So t he ot her devil t akes it t o t he soot hsayer, as we have seen previously in t he Hadit h. Allah says:

び ∀ょ͡ホゅ∠を ∀ゆゅ∠ヰセ ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ら∠ ∇ゎほ∠プ∠ る∠ ヘ∠ ∇トガ ∠ ∇ャや ブ ∠ ト ͡カ ∠ ∇リョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ

(Except such as snat ch away somet hing by st ealing, and t hey are pursued by a flaming fire of piercing bright ness.) meaning, shining bright ly. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Shayat in had places where t hey sat in t he heavens list ening t o what was being revealed by Allah. The st ars did not move and t he Shayat in were not st ruck. When t hey heard t he revelat ion, t hey would come down t o eart h and t o every word t hey would add nine of t heir own. When t he Messenger of Allah was sent , if a Shayt an want ed t o t ake his seat in t he heavens, t he flaming fire would come and would not miss him; it would burn him every t ime. They complained about t his t o Iblis, may Allah curse him, and he said, ` Somet hing must have happened.' He sent his t roops out and t hey found t he Messenger of Allah st anding in prayer bet ween t he t wo mount ains of Nakhlah.'' -- Waki` said, "This means in t he valley of Nakhlah.'' -- "They went back t o Iblis and t old him about t hat , and he said, ` This is what has happened.'''

ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ∇リョｚ ュ∠ぺ ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲガ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇らイ ͡ハ ∠ ∇モよ∠ - ゆ ∃ コ͡ Ι ｚ リ ∃ Β͡デ リあョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲガ ͡ ∇ジわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミあ ク⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇わョ͡ や∠ク￢͡ ぺ∠ - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ∠ルぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をヲ⊥バ∇らヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚル￢͡ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヌハ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ゲゎ⊥ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ͡ キ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱｚ Ι ｘや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ∇ィコ∠ (11. Then ask t hem: "Are t hey harder t o creat e, or t hose whom We have creat ed'' Verily, We creat ed t hem of a st icky clay.) (12. Nay, you wondered while t hey mock.) (13. And when t hey are reminded, t hey pay no at t ent ion.) (14. And when t hey see an Ayah (a sign) from Allah, t hey mock at it .) (15. And t hey say: "This is not hing but evident magic!'') (16. "When we are dead and have become dust and bones, shall we verily be resurrect ed'') (17. "And also our fat hers of old'') (18. Say : "Yes, and you shall t hen be humiliat ed.'') (19. It will be a single Zaj rah, and behold, t hey will be st aring!)

The Certainty of Life after Death Allah says: ` Ask t hese people, t hose who deny t he resurrect ion, which is harder t o creat e Are t hey more difficult t o creat e or t he heavens, t he eart h, t he angels, devils, t he might y creat ures -- everyt hing in bet ween t hem' Ibn Mas` ud said t hat t hey admit t ed t hat t hese t hings were harder t o creat e t han t hey were. If t his is t he case, t hen why do t hey deny t he resurrect ion, when t hey see t hings t hat are great er t han t hat which t hey deny As Allah says:

サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ⊥ ∇ヤガ ∠ ャ∠ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ (The creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h is indeed great er t han t he creat ion of mankind; yet , most of mankind know not ) (40:57) Then Allah explains t hat t hey were creat ed from somet hing weak, as He says:

び∃ゆコ͡ Ι ｚ リ ∃ Β͡デ リあョ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We creat ed t hem of a st icky clay.) Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr and Ad-Dahhak said, "This is t he useful kind of mud which st icks t o it self .'' Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, and ` Ikrimah said, "It is st icky and useful.'' Qat adah said, "It is t hat which st icks t o t he hand.''

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲガ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇らイ ͡ハ ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, you wondered while t hey mock.) means, ` you were ast ounded, O Muhammad, at t hese people who denied t he resurrect ion whilst you were cert ain t hat it is t rue, when t hey disbelieved in what Allah t old you of t his wondrous mat t er, which is t he re-creat ion of t heir bodies aft er t hey have disint egrat ed. They oppose what you say because of t heir int ense disbelief and t hey make fun of what you t ell t hem about t hat .' Qat adah said, "Muhammad was ast ounded by t he mockery of t he misguided ones among t he sons of Adam.''

び⇔る∠Αや∠￢ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t hey see an Ayah) means, clear evidence and proof,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲガ ͡ ∇ジわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ぴ (t hey mock at it .) Muj ahid and Qat adah said, "They make fun of it .''

び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey say: "This is not hing but evident magic!'') means, ` t his t hat you have brought is not hing but plain magic.'

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をヲ⊥バ∇らヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚル￢͡ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヌハ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ゲゎ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇わョ͡ や∠ク￢͡ ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱｚ Ι ｘ や ゅ∠ルぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ ヱ∠ ぺ∠

(When we are dead and have become dust and bones, shall we (t hen) verily be resurrect ed And also our fat hers of old) They t hought t hat t his was unlikely t o happen, and t hey did not believe it .

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ͡ キ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Yes, and you shall t hen be humiliat ed''.) means, ` t ell t hem, O Muhammad: Yes, you will be raised up on t he Day of Resurrect ion, aft er you have become dust and bones, and you will be humiliat ed,' i.e., put t o shame before His great might . This is like t he Ayat :

び∠リΑ͡ゲカ ͡ キ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ヲゎ∠ ぺ∠ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And all shall come t o Him, humbled) (27:87), and

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ シ ∠ ヴ͡ゎキ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び∠リΑ͡ゲカ ͡ キ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ (Verily, t hose who scorn My worship, t hey will surely ent er Hell in humiliat ion!) (40:60) Then Allah says:

びラ ∠ ヱゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ∇ィコ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (It will be a single Zaj rah, and behold, t hey will be st aring!) means, it will be a single command from Allah, He will call t hem once t o come fort h from t he eart h, t hen t hey will be st anding before Him, st aring at t he horrors of t he Day of Resurrect ion. And Allah knows best .

モ ͡ ∇ダヘ∠ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ - リ ͡ Αあギャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レ∠ヤ∇Α∠ヲΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ⊥ ∇ェや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘホ͡ ヱ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ヅ ͡ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥ギ∇ワゅ∠プ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ ⇒∠レゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ゃ∇ジョｚ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ (20. They will say: "Woe t o us! This is t he Day of Recompense!'') (21. (It will be said:) "This is t he Day of Judgement which you used t o deny.'') (22. (It will be said t o t he angels:) Assemble

t hose who did wrong, t oget her wit h t heir companions and what t hey used t o worship,) (23. Inst ead of Allah, and lead t hem on t o t he way of flaming Fire (Hell);) (24. But st op t hem, verily, t hey are t o be quest ioned.) (25. "What is t he mat t er wit h you Why do you not help one anot her'') (26. Nay, but t hat Day t hey shall surrender.)

The Day of Recompense Allah t ells us what t he disbeliever will say on t he Day of Resurrect ion, how t hey will blame t hemselves and admit t hat t hey wronged t hemselves in t his world. When t hey see t he horrors of t he Day of Resurrect ion wit h t heir own eyes, t hey will be filled wit h regret at t he t ime when regret will not avail t hem anyt hing.

びリ ͡ Αあギャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レヤ∠∇Αヲ∠ Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (They will say: "Woe t o us! This is t he Day of Recompense!'') And t he angels and t he believers will say:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ン͡グャｚや モ ͡ ∇ダヘ∠ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (This is t he Day of Judgement which you used t o deny.) This will be said t o t hem as a rebuke and reproof. Allah will command t he angels t o separat e t he disbeliever from t he believers in t he place where t hey are st anding. Allah says:

び∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ⊥ ∇ェやぴ ((It will be said t o t he angels:) Assemble t hose who did wrong, t oget her wit h t heir companions) An-Nu` man bin Bashir, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "Their companions means t heir count erpart s, t hose who are like t hem.'' This was also t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Ikrimah, Muj ahid, As-Suddi, Abu Salih, Abu Al-` Aliyah and Zayd bin Aslam.'' Sharik said, narrat ing from Simak, from An-Nu` man: "I heard ` Umar say:

び∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ⊥ ∇ェやぴ (Assemble t hose who did wrong, t oget her wit h t heir companions) means, ` Those who are like t hem. So t hose who commit t ed Zina will be gat hered wit h ot hers who commit t ed Zina, t hose who dealt in Riba will be gat hered wit h ot hers who dealt in Riba, t hose who drank wine will be gat hered wit h ot hers who drank wine.' Muj ahid and Sa` id bin Jubayr narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas:

び∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (t heir companions) means "Their friends.''

び͡ヮヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱキ⊥ リ͡ヨル∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(and what t hey used t o worship. Inst ead of Allah,) means, inst ead of Allah, i.e., t heir idols and false gods will be gat hered t oget her wit h t hem in t he same place.

び͡ユΒ͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ヅ ͡ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥ギ∇ワゅ∠プぴ (and lead t hem on t o t he way of flaming Fire.) means, t ake t hem t o t he way t o Hell. This is like t he Ayah:

ゅ⇔Β∇ヨハ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ル∇キコ͡ ∇ろら∠ カ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョｚ ゅ６ヨタ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ムよ⊥ ヱ∠ びや⇔ゲΒ͡バシ ∠ (and We shall gat her t hem t oget her on t he Day of Resurrect ion on t heir faces, blind, dumb and deaf; t heir abode will be Hell; whenever it abat es, We shall increase for t hem t he fierceness of t he Fire) (17:97).

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ゃ∇ジョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘホ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (But st op t hem, verily, t hey are t o be quest ioned.) means, st op t hem so t hat t hey may be quest ioned about t he t hings t hey did and said in t his world. As Ad-Dahhak said, narrat ing from Ibn ` Abbas, t his means, ` det ain t hem, for t hey are t o be brought t o account .' ` Abdullah bin AlMubarak said, "I heard ` Ut hman bin Za'idah say, ` The first t hing about which a man will be asked is t he company t hat he kept . Then by way of rebuke, it will be said t o t hem:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ ⇒∠レゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (What is t he mat t er wit h you Why do you not help one anot her).''' meaning, ` as you claimed t hat you would all help one anot her.'

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ͡ヤ∇ジ∠わ∇ジョ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, but t hat Day t hey shall surrender.) means, t hey will be subj ect ed t o t he command of Allah, and t hey will not be able t o resist it or avoid it . And Allah knows best .

∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジわ∠ Α∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲル⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ∇モよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - リ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ゅ∠レル∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇モよ∠ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボも͡ へ∠グャ∠ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠レよあ ケ∠ メ ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ピ⇒∠デ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ͡プ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ヲ⇒∠ビ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Α∠ヲ∇ビ∠ほ∠プ -リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚル͡ま - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ わ∠ ∇ゼョ⊥ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ -ラ ∃ ヲ⊥レ∇イョｚ ゲ∃ ハ ͡ ゅ∠ゼャ͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ヲ⊥ミケ͡ ゅ∠わャ∠ ゅｚル￢͡ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ベ ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇モよ∠ (27. And t hey will t urn t o one anot her and quest ion one anot her.) (28. They will say: "It was you who used t o come t o us from t he right side.'') (29. They will reply: "Nay, you yourselves were not believers.'') (30. "And we had no aut horit y over you. Nay! But you were a t ransgressing people.'') (31. "So now t he Word of our Lord has been j ust ified against us, t hat we shall cert ainly t ast e (t he t orment ).'') (32. "So we led you ast ray because we were ourselves ast ray.'') (33. Then verily, t hat Day, t hey will (all) share in t he t orment .) (34. Cert ainly, t hat is how We deal wit h t he criminals.) (35. Truly, when it was said t o t hem: "La ilaha illallah,'' t hey puffed t hemselves up wit h pride.) (36. And (t hey) said: "Are we going t o abandon our gods for t he sake of a mad poet '') (37. Nay! he has come wit h t he t rut h and he confirms t he Messengers.)

The arguing of the Idolators on the Day of Resurrection Allah t ells us t hat t he disbeliever will blame one anot her in t he arena of Resurrect ion, j ust as t hey will argue wit h one anot her in t he levels of Hell:

リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ヘバ∠ ツ ぁ ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ケ͡ ゅ⇒ｚレャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲぁィべ∠エわ∠ Α∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゅｚレ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レ∇ピョぁ ユ⊥わル∠ぺ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔バ∠らゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ⇒∇ムわ∠ ∇シや モ ｘ ミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ び キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ∠ ム∠ ェ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ (The weak will say t o t hose who were arrogant : "Verily, we followed you, can you t hen t ake from us some port ion of t he Fire'' Those who were arrogant will say: "We are all (t oget her) in t his (Fire)! Verily, Allah has j udged bet ween (His) servant s!'') (40:47-48)

∇ユヰ͡ よ∂ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プヲ⊥ホ∇ヲョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ク͡ ま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ メ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ノ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ゅｚレム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツわ⊥ ∇シや ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツわ⊥ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ルキ∠ギタ ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ͡ ∇ツわ⊥ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レル∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇クま͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ゲ⊥ ∇ムョ∠ ∇モよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや ゅｚヨ∠ャ る∠ ョ∠ や∠ギレｚ ャや ∇やヱぁゲシ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔キや∠ギル∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅよ͡ ゲ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ムルｚ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ベ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ∠ ⇒∠ヤ∇ビ∇Ιや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∠ゆや∠グ∠バ∠ャ∇や ∇やヱ⊥ ぺ∠ケ∠ び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ (But if you could see when t he wrongdoers will be made t o st and before t heir Lord, how t hey will cast t he (blaming) word one t o anot her! Those who were deemed weak will say t o t hose who were arrogant : "Had it not been for you, we should cert ainly have been believers!'' And t hose who were arrogant will say t o t hose who were deemed weak: "Did we keep you back from guidance aft er it had come t o you Nay, but you were criminals.'' Those who were deemed weak will say t o t hose who were arrogant : "Nay, but it was your plot t ing by night and day, when you ordered us t o disbelieve in Allah and set up rivals t o Him!'' And each of t hem (part ies) will conceal t heir own regret s, when t hey behold t he t orment . And We shall put iron collars round t he necks of t hose who disbelieved. Are t hey requit ed aught except what t hey used t o do) (34:31-33) Similarly, t hey are described here as saying:

び͡リΒ͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ゅ∠レル∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (It was you who used t o come t o us from t he right side.) Ad-Dahhak report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said; "They will say, ` You used t o force us because of your posit ion of power over us, for we were weak and you were st rong.''' Qat adah said, "Men will say t o t he Jinn, ` You used t o come t o us from t he right side t o block every good deed, and you t old us not t o do it and you t ried t o put obst acles in our way.''' As-Suddi said, "` You used t o come t o us t o block t he t rut h, and you made falsehood look at t ract ive t o us, and you prevent ed us from seeing t he t rut h.'' Ibn Zayd said, it means: "` You st ood in t he way bet ween us and goodness, and you repelled us from Islam and fait h and doing t he good deeds t hat we had been commanded t o do.'' Yazid Ar-Rishk said, "from La ilaha illallah.''

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ∇モよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They will reply: "Nay, you yourselves were not believers.'') The leaders of t he Jinn and mankind will say t o t heir followers, "It is not as you say; your heart s denied fait h and were open t o disbelief and sin.''

び∃リ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And we had no aut horit y over you.) means, ` we had no proof of t he t rut h of t hat t o which we called you.'

び∠リΒ͡ピ⇒∠デ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay! But you were a t ransgressing people.) ` You yourselves were evildoers and t ransgressors against t he t rut h, so you responded t o us and neglect ed t he t rut h which t he Prophet s brought wit h proof, and you went against t hem.'

ゅｚル͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Α∠ヲ∇ビ∠ほ∠プ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボも͡ へ∠グャ∠ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠レよあ ケ∠ メ ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ プ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ヲ⇒∠ビ ゅｚレミ⊥ (So now t he Word of our Lord has been j ust ified against us, t hat we shall cert ainly (have t o) t ast e (t he t orment ). So we led you ast ray because we were ourselves ast ray.) Those who were arrogant will say t o t hose who were deemed weak, ` t he Word of Allah has been j ust ified against us, t hat we are among t he doomed who will t ast e t he punishment of t he Day of Resurrect ion.'

び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αヲ∠ ∇ビほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So we led you ast ray) means, ` so we called you t o misguidance,'

び∠リΑ͡ヲ⇒∠ビ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (because we were ourselves ast ray. ) means, ` we called you t o follow t he pat h which we were on, and you responded.' Allah says:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ わ∠ ∇ゼョ⊥ ͡ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや ヴ͡プ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (Then verily, t hat Day, t hey will (all) share in t he t orment .) means, all of t hem will be in Hell, each according t o what he deserves.

モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ (Cert ainly, t hat is how We deal wit h criminals. Truly, when it was said t o t hem: "La ilaha illallah,'' t hey puffed t hemselves up wit h pride.) means, in t his world t hey were t oo arrogant t o say t hese words as t he believers said t hem. Ibn Abi Hat im narrat ed t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや モ ∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ホぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥» ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ョ ヶあレョ͡ ユ∠ ダ ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ぶや ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ぶや «モ∠ィヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮボあ エ ∠ よ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ヱ∠ (I have been commanded t o fight t he people unt il t hey say La ilaha ill-Allah. Whoever says La ilaha illallah, he and his propert y are safe from me except for his obligat ion, and his reckoning will be wit h Allah, may He be glorified.) Allah revealed in His Book t he st ory of people who were arrogant , as He says:

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ∃ ヲ⊥レ∇イョｚ ゲ∃ ハ ͡ ゅ∠ゼャ͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ヲ⊥ミケ͡ ゅ∠わャ∠ ゅｚル￢͡ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ (Truly, when it was said t o t hem: "La ilaha illallah,'' t hey puffed t hemselves up wit h pride. And (t hey) said: "Are we going t o abandon our gods for t he sake of a mad poet '') meaning, ` Shall we st op worshipping our gods and t he gods of our forefat hers j ust because of t he words of t his mad poet ' -- meaning t he Messenger of Allah . Allah said in refut at ion of t heir at t it ude:

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay! he has come wit h t he t rut h) meaning, t he Messenger of Allah has brought t he t rut h wit h all t hat Allah has revealed t o him of st ories and commandment s.

び∠リΒ͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ベ ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and he confirms t he Messengers.) means, he fulfills t heir prophecies of his praisewort hy charact erist ics and his perfect way, and he t ells people of t he Laws and commands of Allah, as t hey said he would.

び∠マヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ モ ͡シ ⊥ ゲぁ ヤ͡ャ モ ∠ Β͡ホ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ゅｚョぴ

(Not hing is said t o you except what was said t o t he Messengers before you) (41:43).

ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ⊥ボも͡ へ∠グャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡ダヤ∠∇ガヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヴ͡プ - ラ ∠ ヲョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ムぁョ ユ⊥ワヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ミ͡ ヲ∠ プ∠ - ∀ュヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ∀ベ∇コ͡ケ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠トΑ⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤら͡ ⇒∠ボわ∠ ョぁ ケ∃ ゲ⊥ シ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡バレｚ ャや ろ ͡ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡よゲ͡ ⇒ｚゼヤあャ り∃ グｚ ャ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ツ∇Βよ∠ - リ ∃ Β͡バョｚ リあョ サ ∃ ∇ほム∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゴ∠ レ⊥Α ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀メ∇ヲ∠ビ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ Ι ∠ び ∀ラヲ⊥レ∇ムョｚ ∀ヂ∇Β∠よ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ルｚ ∠ほ∠ミ - ∀リΒ͡ハ フ ͡ ∇ゲト ｚ ャや れ ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ ͡ ⇒∠ホ (38. Verily, you are going t o t ast e t he painful t orment ;) (39. And you will be requit ed not hing except for what you used t o do.) (40. Save t he chosen servant s of Allah.) (41. For t hem t here will be a known provision,) (42. Fruit s; and t hey shall be honored,) (43. In t he Gardens of Delight ,) (44. Facing one anot her on t hrones.) (45. Round t hem will be passed a cup of pure wine) (46. Whit e, delicious t o t he drinkers.) (47. Neit her will t hey have Ghawl from t hat nor will t hey suffer int oxicat ion t herefrom.) (48. And beside t hem will be Qasirat -At -Tarf wit h (wide and beaut iful) eyes.) (49. as if t hey were Bayd Maknun.)

The Punishment of the Idolators and the Reward of the sincere Believers Allah says, addressing t he people:

ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ⊥ボも͡ へ∠グャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ (Verily, you are going t o t ast e t he painful t orment ; and you will be requit ed not hing except for what you used t o do.) Then He makes an except ion in t he case of His sincerely believing servant s. This is like t he Ayat :

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ∃ ∇ジカ ⊥ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ラ ｚ ま͡ - ゲ͡ ∇ダバ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ び͡ろ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢

(By t he Time. Verily, man is in loss, Except t hose who believe and do right eous deeds...) (103:1-3),

ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇キキ∠ ケ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ユ∃ Α͡ヲ∇ボゎ∠ リ ͡ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠シ モ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇シぺ∠ び͡ろ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや (Verily, We creat ed man in t he best st at ure. Then We reduced him t o t he lowest of t he low. Save t hose who believe and do right eous deeds) (95:4-6).

ゅ⇔ ヨ∇わェ ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ワキ⊥ ケ͡ や∠ヱ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ケ⊥ グ∠ ル∠ ヱｚ ∇やヲ∠ボゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴあイレ∠ ル⊥ ｚユを⊥ - ゅ⇔Β∂ ツ ͡ ∇ボョｚ び ゅ⇔Β∂ ん͡ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (There is not one of you but will pass over it (Hell); t his is wit h your Lord, a decree which must be accomplished. Then We shall save t hose who have Taqwa. And We shall leave t he wrongdoers t herein t o t heir knees.) (19:71-72); and

ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ∀るレ∠ Β͡ワケ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ び ͡リΒ͡ヨ∠Β∇ャや g(Every person is a pledge for what he has earned, except t hose on t he right ) (74:38-39). Allah says here:

びリ ∠ Β͡ダヤ∠∇ガヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Save t he chosen servant s of Allah.) meaning, t hey will not t ast e t he painful t orment nor will t hey be brought t o account . Their evil act s, if t here are any, will be overlooked, and each good deed will be rewarded in mult iples of bet ween t en and seven hundred, or as much as Allah wills.

び ∀ュヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ∀ベ∇コ͡ケ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (For t hem t here will be a known provision,) Qat adah and As-Suddi said, "This means Paradise.'' It is explained furt her in t he next Ayah:

び⊥ヮミ͡ ヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Fruit s) meaning, of different kinds.

び∠ラヲ⊥ョゲ∠ ∇ムョぁ ユ⊥ワヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey shall be honored,) means, t hey will be served and will live a life of luxury.

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤら͡ ⇒∠ボわ∠ ョぁ ケ∃ ゲ⊥ シ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡バレｚ ャや ろ ͡ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヴ͡プぴ (In t he Gardens of Delight , facing one anot her on t hrones.) Muj ahid said, "One of t hem will not look at one anot her's backs.''

り∃ グｚ ャ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ツ∇Βよ∠ - リ ∃ Β͡バョｚ リあョ サ ∃ ∇ほム∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠トΑ⊥ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゴ∠ レ⊥Α ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀メ∇ヲ∠ビ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ Ι ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡よゲ͡ ⇒ｚゼヤあャ (Round t hem will be passed a cup of pure wine -- whit e, delicious t o t he drinkers. Neit her will t hey have Ghawl from t hat nor will t hey suffer int oxicat ion t herefrom.) This is like t he Ayah:

ゆ ∃ や∠ヲ∇ミほ∠よ͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤｚガ ∠ ョぁ ラ ∀ ギ∠ ∇ャヱ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ヲ⊥トΑ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギｚ ダ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ｚ -リ ∃ Β͡バョｚ リあョ サ ∃ ∇ほミ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ Α͡ケゅ∠よぺ∠ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゴ͡ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ (Immort al boys will go around t hem (serving), wit h cups, and j ugs, and a glass of flowing wine, from which t hey will get neit her any aching of t he head nor any int oxicat ion.)(56:17-19). Allah refined t he wine of Paradise from t he bad effect s of t he wine of t his world, which causes headaches and st omach aches -- which is t he meaning of Ghawl -- causing people t o lose t heir minds complet ely. So He says here:

びリ ∃ Β͡バョｚ リあョ サ ∃ ∇ほム∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠トΑ⊥ ぴ (Round t hem will be passed a cup of pure wine) meaning, wine from a flowing st ream which t hey do not fear will ever be cut off or cease. Malik narrat ed t hat Zayd bin Aslam said, "Whit e flowing wine,'' meaning, wit h a bright , shining color, unlike t he wine of t his eart h wit h it s ugly, repulsive colors of red, black, yellow and t urbid shades, and ot her feat ures which are repugnant t o anyone of a sound nat ure.

び∠リΒ͡よゲ͡ ⇒ｚゼヤあャ り∃ グｚ ャ∠ぴ (delicious t o t he drinkers.) means, it s t ast e will be as good as it s color, and a good t ast e indicat es t hat it has a good smell, unlike t he wine of t his world.

び∀メ∇ヲビ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ Ι ∠ぴ (Neit her will t hey have Ghawl from t hat ) means, it will not have any effect s on t hem such as causing st omach aches. This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Muj ahid, Qat adah and Ibn Zayd. This is unlike t he wine of t his world, which causes colic and so on, because it is t oo wat ery.

び∠ラヲ⊥プゴ∠ レ⊥Α ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor will t hey suffer int oxicat ion t herefrom.) Muj ahid said, "It will not cause t hem t o lose t heir minds.'' This was also t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, Muhammad bin Ka` b, Al-Hasan. ` At a' bin Abi Muslim Al-Khurasani, As-Suddi and ot hers. Ad-Dahhak report ed t hat Ibn Abbas said, "Wine causes four t hings: int oxicat ion, headache, vomit ing and urine.'' So, when Allah ment ions t he wine of Paradise, He st at es t hat it is free of t hese charact erist ics, as ment ioned in Surat AsSaffat .

び͡フ∇ゲト ｚ ャや れ ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ ͡ ⇒∠ホ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハヱ∠ ぴ (And beside t hem will be Qasirat At -Tarf) means, chast e females, who will not look at anyone ot her t han t heir husbands, as Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Zayd bin Aslam, Qat adah, As-Suddi and ot hers said.

び∀リΒ͡ハぴ (wit h (wide and beaut iful) eyes) means, wit h beaut iful eyes. It was also said t hat it means wit h wide eyes, which is connect ed t o t he first meaning. They are wide-eyed and beaut iful, and t heir eyes are described as being beaut iful and chast e. Allah says:

び ∀リΒ͡ハ フ ͡ ∇ゲト ｚ ャや れ ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ ͡ ⇒∠ホ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハヱ∠ ぴ (And beside t hem will be Qasirat At -Tarf, wit h (wide and beaut iful) eyes.)

び ∀ラヲ⊥レ∇ムョｚ ∀ヂ∇Β∠よ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ルｚ ∠ほ∠ミぴ (as if t hey were Bayd Maknun.) Their bodies are described as having t he most perfect color. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him:

び ∀ラヲ⊥レ∇ムョｚ ∀ヂ∇Β∠よ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ルｚ ∠ほ∠ミぴ (as if t hey were Bayd Maknun.) means, as if t hey were hidden pearls. Al-Hasan said:

び ∀ラヲ⊥レ∇ムョｚ ∀ヂ∇Β∠よ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ルｚ ∠ほ∠ミぴ (as if t hey were Bayd Maknun. ) means, prot ect ed, never t ouched by any hands. As-Suddi said, "The well preserved egg in it s nest .'' Sa` id bin Jubayr said:

び ∀ラヲ⊥レ∇ムョｚ ∀ヂ∇Β∠よ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ルｚ ∠ほ∠ミぴ (as if t hey were Bayd Maknun.) means, "The inside of t he egg.'' ` At a' Al-Khurasani said, "It is t he membrane which is bet ween it s out er shell and it s inner cont ent s.'' As-Suddi said:

び ∀ラヲ⊥レ∇ムョｚ ∀ヂ∇Β∠よ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ルｚ ∠ほ∠ミぴ (as if t hey were Bayd Maknun.) means, "The whit e of t he egg when it s shell is removed.'' Ibn Jarir's view concerning t he meaning of Maknun (well preserved) is t hat t he out er shell is t ouched by t he wing of t he bird and t he nest , and by people's hands, unlike t he int erior of t he egg. And Allah knows best .

∀モ͡もべ∠ホ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジわ∠ Α∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ホほ∠プ∠ ぴ リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ￢͡ ぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ - ∀リΑ͡ゲ∠ホ ヴ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヴあルま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ゅｚル￢͡ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヌハ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ゲゎ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇わョ͡ や∠ク￢͡ ぺ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ホギあ ダ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ロ⊥ や∠￢ゲ∠ プ∠ ノ∠ ヤ∠デ ｚ ゅ∠プ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヤ͡ト ｚ ョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇モワ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レΑ͡ギヨ∠ ャ∠ -リ ͡ Α͡キ∇ゲわ⊥ ャ∠ れ ｚ ギ͡ミ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ∠ゎ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ￢͡ へ∠ヲシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲツ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ムャ∠ ヴあよケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや ゅ∠レわ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヲョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡わΒあ ヨ∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ モ ͡ ∇んヨ͡ ャ͡ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡よグｚ バ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや モ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠

(50. Then t hey will t urn t o one anot her, mut ually quest ioning.) (51. A speaker of t hem will say: "Verily, I had a companion (in t he world),'') (52. "Who used t o say: ` Are you among t hose who believe.) (53. (That ) when we die and become dust and bones, shall we indeed be indebt ed (Madinun)''') (54. (The speaker) said: "Will you look down'') (55. So he looked down and saw him in t he midst of t he Fire.) (56. He said: "By Allah! You have nearly ruined me.'') (57. "Had it not been for t he grace of my Lord, I would cert ainly have been among t hose brought fort h (t o Hell).'') (58. "Are we t hen not t o die (any more)'') (59. "Except our first deat h, and we shall not be punished'') (60. Truly, t his is t he supreme success!) (61. For t he like of t his let t he workers work.)

The gathering of the People of Paradise, and the exchange between One of Them and His Counterpart in Hell, and His Gratitude for the Blessings of Allah Allah t ells us how t he people of Paradise will t urn t o one anot her, asking one anot her about t heir sit uat ion, how t hey were in t his world and what t hey suffered. This is part of t heir conversat ion when t hey get t oget her t o converse and drink, sit t ing on t heir t hrones, servant s coming and going, bringing all kinds of good food, drink, clot hes and ot her delight s no eye has seen, no ear has heard, never having comprehend t he mind of man.

び ∀リΑ͡ゲ∠ホ ヴ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヴあルま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀モ͡もべ∠ホ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (A speaker of t hem will say: "Verily, I had a companion...'') Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him said, "This refers t o an idolat or man who had a companion among t he believers in t his world.''

びリ ∠ Β͡ホギあ ダ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ￢͡ ぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ (Who used t o say: "Are you among t hose who believe...'') means, ` do you believe in t he resurrect ion aft er deat h, and t he Reckoning and reward or punishment ' He used t o say t hat by way of ast onishment , disbelief and st ubbornness.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レΑ͡ギヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚル￢͡ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヌハ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ゲゎ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇わョ͡ や∠ク￢͡ ぺ∠ぴ ((That ) when we die and become dust and bones, shall we indeed be indebt ed (Madinun).) Muj ahid and As-Suddi said, "Brought t o account .'' Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, and Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi said, "Rewarded or punished according t o our deeds.'' Bot h views are correct .

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヤ͡ト ｚ ョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇モワ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ((The speaker) said: "Will you look down'') meaning, look over. The believer will say t his t o his companions among t he people of Paradise.

び ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ￢͡ へ∠ヲシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ や∠￢ゲ∠ プ∠ ノ∠ ヤ∠デ ｚ ゅ∠プぴ

(So he looked down and saw him in t he midst of t he Fire.) Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Khulayd Al-` Usari, Qat adah, As-Suddi and ` At a' Al-Khurasani said, "This means, in t he middle of Hell.'' Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "In t he middle of Hell as if he were a burning st ar.''

びリ ͡ Α͡キ∇ゲわ⊥ ャ∠ れ ｚ ギ͡ミ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ∠ゎ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "By Allah! You have nearly ruined me.'') The believer will say, addressing t he disbeliever: ` By Allah, you nearly caused me t o be doomed, if I had obeyed you.'

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲツ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ムャ∠ ヴあよケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Had it not been for t he grace of my Lord, I would cert ainly have been among t hose brought fort h (t o Hell).) means, ` Were it not for t he favor of my Lord t owards me, I would have been like you in t he middle of Hell where you are, brought fort h wit h you for punishment . But He best owed His grace upon me, had mercy upon me and guided me t o fait h and t o belief in Him Alone.'

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ゅ∠ルや∠ギワ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ Ι∇ヲャ∠ ン ∠ ギ͡ わ∠ ∇ヰレ∠ ャ͡ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and never could we have found guidance, were it not t hat Allah had guided us!) (7:43)

リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや ゅ∠レわ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヲョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡わΒあ ヨ∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡よグｚ バ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ (Are we t hen not t o die (any more) Except our first deat h, and we shall not be punished) This is what t he believers will say when t hey feel j oy at what Allah has given t hem, and t hey realize t hat t hey are t o remain in Paradise forever wit h no punishment and no deat h t o come. Allah says:

び ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, t his is t he supreme success!) Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "They know t hat deat h brings an end t o every delight , so t hey will say,

リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや ゅ∠レわ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヲョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡わΒあ ヨ∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡よグｚ バ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ (Are we t hen not t o die Except our first deat h, and we shall not be punished) It will be said, "No,

び ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, t his is t he supreme success!).''

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや モ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ モ ͡ ∇んヨ͡ ャ͡ぴ (For t he like of t his let t he workers work.) Ibn Jarir said, "These are t he Words of Allah, and it means: for t he like of t his pleasure and t his success, let t he workers work in t his world, so t hat t hey may at t ain it in t he Hereaft er.

The Story of Two Israelites They ment ioned t he st ory of t wo men among t he Children of Israel who were part ners and who are included in t he meaning of t his Ayah. Abu Ja` far bin Jarir recorded t hat Furat bin Tha` labah Al-Bahrani said concerning t he Ayah,

び∀リΑ͡ゲホ∠ ヴ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヴあル͡まぴ (Verily, I had a companion) "There were t wo men who were part ners and had collect ed eight t housand Dinars. One of t hem had a craft and t he ot her did not . The one who had a craft said t o t he ot her, ` You do not have a craft , so I t hink I will divide t he money wit h you and leave you.' So he left him. Then t he man bought a house, belonging t o a king who had died, for t he price of one t housand Dinars. He called his companion and showed him t he house, saying, ` What do you t hink of t his house I bought it for one t housand Dinars.' He said, ` How beaut iful it is.' When he went out he said, ` O Allah, t his companion of mine has bought t his house for one t housand Dinars; I ask You for one of t he houses of Paradise -- and he gave one t housand Dinars in charit y.' Then as much t ime passed as Allah willed should pass. The first man married a woman wit h a dowry of one t housand Dinars, and invit ed his companion and made food for him. When he came, he said, ` I have married t his woman wit h a dowry of one t housand Dinars.' He replied; ` How beaut iful t his is.' And when he left , he said, ` O Lord, my companion has married a woman wit h a dowry of one t housand Dinars; I ask you for a wife from among Al-Hur Al-` Iyn' -- and he gave one t housand Dinars in charit y. Then as much t ime passed as Allah willed should pass. Then t he first man bought t wo gardens for t wo t housand Dinars, t hen he called his companion and showed t hem t o him. He said, ` I have bought t hese t wo gardens for t wo t housand Dinars.' He replied, ` How beaut iful t his is.' When he came out , he said, ` O Lord, my companion has bought t wo gardens for t wo t housand Dinars; I ask you for t wo gardens in Paradise' -- and he gave t wo t housand Dinars in charit y. Then t he angel came t o t hem and t ook t heir souls in deat h. He t ook t he one who had given his money in charit y and put him in a house t hat he liked. There, t here was a woman who was so beaut iful t hat t he ground shinned under her, t hen he (t he angel) t ook him t o t wo gardens and gave him ot her t hings which are known only t o Allah. The man said, ` This is like a man who has such and such.' The angel said, ` That is exact ly what it is; t his house, t hese gardens and t his wife are all for you.' The man said, ` I had a companion who used t o say: Are you among t hose who believe' It was said t o him, ` He is in Hell.' He said, ` Will you look down' So he looked down and saw him in t he midst of Hell. At t his, he said:

ヴあよケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ͡ Α͡キ∇ゲわ⊥ ャ∠ れ ｚ ギ͡ミ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ∠ゎ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲツ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ムャ∠ (By Allah! You have nearly ruined me. Had it not been for t he grace of my Lord, I would cert ainly have been among t hose brought fort h (t o Hell).)''

ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚル͡ま - ュ͡ ヲぁホゴｚ ャや り⊥ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ Ι ⇔ ゴ⊥ ルぁ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぺ∠ぴ モ ͡ ∇タぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ ∀りゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤあャ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ - リ ͡ Β͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや サ ⊥ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ ∇ヤデ ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥トら⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゃャ͡ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ͡ Ι ∂ ヴ∠ャΗ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ - ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ⇔よ∇ヲゼ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ - リ ∠ Βあャべ∠ッ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ ∇や∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ - ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゲ∠ ∇ヰΑ⊥ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠をや∠￢ h(62. Is t hat (Paradise) bet t er ent ert ainment or t he t ree of Zaqqum) (63. Truly, We have made it (as) a t rial for t he wrongdoers.) (64. Verily, it is a t ree t hat springs out of t he bot t om of Hellfire,) (65. The shoot s of it s fruit st alks are like t he heads of Shayat in.) (66. Truly, t hey will eat t hereof and fill t heir bellies t herewit h.) (67. Then on t he t op of t hat t hey will be given boiling Hamim.) (68. Then t hereaft er, verily, t heir ret urn is t o t he flaming fire of Hell.) (69. Verily, t hey found t heir fat hers on t he wrong pat h;) (70. So t hey (t oo) hast ened in t heir foot st eps!)

The Tree of Zaqqum and its Companions Here Allah asks: ` Is t hat which He has ment ioned of t he delight s of Paradise wit h it s food, drink, companions and ot her j oys bet t er ent ert ainment , or

び͡ュヲぁホゴｚ ャや り⊥ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (or t he t ree of Zaqqum) which is in Hell' The meaning here is a specific kind of t ree which is called Zaqqum. This is like t he Ayah:

リ ͡ ∇ワギぁ ャゅ͡よ ろ ⊥ ら⊥ レ∠ゎ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇Βシ ∠ ケ͡ ヲ⊥デ リ͡ョ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ ヤ͡ミ͡ Ζ ∠ ャあ ヒ∃ ∇らタ ͡ ヱ∠ (And a t ree t hat springs fort h from Mount Sinai, t hat grows (produces) oil, and (it is a) relish for t he eat ers.) (23:20) -- which is t he olive t ree. This is support ed by t he Ayah:

リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ͡ Ι ∂ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲぁャべｚツャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び ュ∃ ヲぁホコ∠ リあョ ゲ∃ イ ∠セ ∠ (Then moreover, verily, -- you t he erring-ones, t he deniers! You, verily, will eat of t he t rees of Zaqqum.) (56:51-52).

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤャあ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Truly, We have made it (as) a t rial for t he wrongdoers.) Qat adah said, "The t ree of Zaqqum is ment ioned as a t est for t hose who are misguided. They said, ` Your companion t ells you t hat in t he Fire t here is a t ree, but fire consumes t rees.' Then Allah revealed t he words:

び ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇タぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, it is a t ree t hat springs out of t he bot t om of Hell-fire.) meaning, it is nourished by t he fire, for it was creat ed from fire.'' Muj ahid said:

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤあャ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ゅ∠ヰ⇒レ∠ ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Truly, We have made it (as) a t rial for t he wrongdoers.) Abu Jahl, may Allah curse him, said, "Zaqqum means dat es and but t er which I eat ぴAt azaqqamuhuび.'' I say t hat t he meaning of t he Ayah is, "We have t old you, O Muhammad, of t he t ree of Zaqqum as a t rial wit h which We t est t he people t o see who will believe and who will disbelieve.'' This is like t he Ayah:

サ ͡ ゅｚレヤあャ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇Αケ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ゅ∠Α∇￢ゲぁ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ⊥ あヲガ ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ャや ヴ͡プ る∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥バ∇ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや り∠ ゲ∠ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ びや⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ (And We made not t he vision which we showed you but a t rial for mankind, and t he accursed t ree in t he Qur'an. We warn and make t hem afraid but it only increases t hem in naught save great disbelief, oppression and disobedience t o Allah) (17:60).

び ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇タぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, it is a t ree t hat springs out of t he bot t om of Hell-fire.) means, it s root s grow at t he bot t om of Hell.

びリ ͡ Β͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや サ ⊥ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ ∇ヤデ ∠ぴ (The shoot s of it s fruit st alks are like t he heads of Shayat in. ) t his is a descript ion of how ugly and repulsive it is. It is likened t o

び͡リΒ͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや サ ⊥ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ぴ (t he heads of Shayat in ), even t hough t hey have never seen t hem, because it is a wellest ablished idea in people's minds t hat devils are ugly in appearance.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥トら⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゃャ͡ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ͡ Ι ∂ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (Truly, t hey will eat t hereof and fill t heir bellies t herewit h.) Allah ment ions t hat t hey will eat of t his ext remely ugly t ree even t hough it s fruit t ast es and smells so bad; t hey will be forced t o eat from it because t hey will not find anyt hing else t o eat except t his t ree and similar t hings, as Allah says:

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ジΑ⊥ Ι ｚ - ノ∃ Α͡ゲッ ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∀ュゅ∠バデ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ びネ ∃ ヲ⊥ィ リ͡ョ ヴ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ (No food will t here be for t hem but a poisonous t horny plant , Which will neit her nourish nor avail against hunger.) (88:6 -7).

び ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ⇔よ∇ヲゼ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then on t he t op of t hat t hey will be boiling Hamim) Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "This means t hey will be given boiling Hamim t o drink aft er t hey have eat en from Zaqqum.'' According t o anot her report , he said t hat t his means a mixt ure made from boiling wat er. Someone else said t hat it means boiling wat er will be mixed wit h pus and offensive discharges t hat leak from t heir privat e part s and eyes. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "When t he people of Hell get hungry, t hey will ask for food from t he t ree of Zaqqum. They will eat from it , t hen t he skin of t heir faces will fall off, If someone were t o pass by, he would recognize t hem from t heir faces. Then t hirst will be sent upon t hem, so t hey will ask t o be given somet hing t o drink, and t hey will be given wat er like boiling oil t hat has been heat ed t o t he ult imat e degree. When it is brought near t o t heir mout hs, t he flesh of t heir faces from which t he skin has fallen off will be baked by it s heat , and what ever is in t heir st omachs will melt . They will walk wit h t heir gut s falling out and wit h t heir skin falling off, t hen t hey

will be beat en wit h hooked rods of iron. Then every part of t heir bodies will burst int o loud lament at ions.

び ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャΗ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then t hereaft er, verily, t heir ret urn is t o t he flaming fire of Hell.) means, aft er t hat int erval, t hey will be sent back t o t he burning fire, searing heat and scorching flames, and t hey will rot at e bet ween t he one and t he ot her. This is like t he Ayah,

びラ ∃ や∠￢ ユ∃ Βヨ͡ ェ ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プヲ⊥トΑ∠ ぴ (They will go bet ween it (Hell) and t he fierce boiling wat er!) (55:44). Qat adah recit ed t his Ayah when discussing t his Ayah. This is a good int erpret at ion. ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud recit ed it different ly, wit h t he meaning "Their ret urn in t he aft ernoon.'' ` Abdullah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, used t o say: "By t he One in Whose Hand is my soul, midday on t he Day of Resurrect ion will not come unt il t he people of Paradise will be in Paradise and t he people of Hell will be in Hell.'' Then he recit ed:

リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョぁ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ボョ∠ (The dwellers of Paradise will, on t hat Day, have t he best abode, and have t he fairest of places for repose) (25:24). Allah's saying;

びリ ∠ Βあャべ∠ッ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ ∇や∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hey found t heir fat hers on t he wrong pat h;) means, ` We will punish t hem for t hat because t hey found t heir fat hers following misguidance and t hey followed t hem wit h no evidence or proof.' Allah says:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゲ∠ ∇ヰΑ⊥ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠をや∠￢ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (So t hey (t oo) hast ened in t heir foot st eps!) Muj ahid said, "This is like running.'' Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "They followed ignorance and foolishness.''

ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Α͡ケグ∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プ - リ ∠ Α͡ケグ͡ レぁョ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ びリ ∠ Β͡ダヤ∠∇ガヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡

(71. And indeed most of t he earlier ones went ast ray before t hem;) (72. And indeed We sent among t hem warners;) (73. Then see what was t he end of t hose who were warned.) (74. Except t he chosen servant s of Allah.) Allah t ells us t hat most of t he previous nat ions went ast ray, worshipping ot her gods alongside Allah. He st at es t hat He sent among t hem warners t o alert t hem t o t he anger, wrat h and vengeance of Allah t owards t hose who disbelieve in Him and worship ot hers besides Him. He t ells us t hat t hey persist ed in t heir opposit ion t o t heir Messengers and t heir disbelief in t hem, so He dest royed t hose who disbelieved in Him and saved t he believers and caused t hem t o prevail. Allah says:

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Α͡ケグ∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ダヤ∠∇ガヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Then see what was t he end of t hose who were warned. Except t he chosen servant s of Allah).

ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ｚ ル∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らΒ͡イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇バレ͡ ヤ∠プ∠ ∀ゥヲ⊥ル ゅ∠ルや∠キゅ∠ル ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ｚΑあケク⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ ∇ゲム∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤ∠シ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ボ⇒∠ら∇ャや -リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚル͡ま - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠Ι ｘ や ゅ∠レ∇ホゲ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ (75. And indeed Nuh invoked Us, and We are t he best of t hose who answer.) (76. And We rescued him and his family from t he great dist ress,) (77. And, his progeny, t hem We made t he survivors.) (78. And left for him (a goodly remembrance) among t he lat er generat ions) (79. "Salam (peace!) be upon Nuh among t he all creat ures!'') (80. Verily, t hus We reward t he gooddoers.) (81. Verily, he ぴNuhび was one of Our believing servant s.) (82. Then We drowned t he ot hers.)

Nuh and His People When Allah t ells us about how most of t he early people went ast ray from t he pat h of salvat ion, He st art s t he det ailed explanat ion of t hat wit h t he st ory of Nuh and t he rej ect ion of his people. Only a few of Nuh's people believed in him, despit e t he long period of t ime he spent among t hem. He st ayed among t hem for one t housand years less fift y, and aft er he st ayed among t hem for so long and t heir disbelief became t oo much for him t o bear -- for every t ime he called t hem, t hey t urned away from him even more -- he prayed t o his Lord saying, "I have been overcome, so help (me)!'' So Allah became angry because Nuh was angry wit h t hem. He says:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らΒ͡イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇バレ͡ ヤ∠プ∠ ∀ゥヲ⊥ル ゅ∠ルや∠キゅ∠ル ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed Nuh invoked Us, and We are t he best of t hose who answer.)

び ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ ∇ゲム∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ｚ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We rescued him and his family from t he great dist ress.) means, t heir disbelief and t heir insult s.

びリ ∠ Β͡ボ⇒∠ら∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ｚΑあケク⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And, his progeny, t hem We made t he survivors.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, "There was no one left apart from t he offspring of Nuh, peace be upon him.'' Sa` id bin Abi ` Arubah said, narrat ing from Qat adah concerning t he Ayah,

びリ ∠ Βボ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ｚΑあケク⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And, his progeny, t hem We made t he survivors.) "All people descended from t he offspring of Nuh, peace be upon him.'' At -Tirmidhi, Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hat im narrat ed from Samurah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat t he Prophet said, concerning t he Ayah,

びリ ∠ Β͡ボ⇒∠ら∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ｚΑあケク⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And, his progeny, t hem We made t he survivors):

«ゑ͡プゅ∠Αヱ∠ ∩⊥ュゅ∠ェヱ∠ ∩⊥ュゅ∠シ» (Sam, Ham and Yafit h.) Imam Ahmad recorded from Samurah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ヲ⊥よぺ∠ ゑ ⊥ プ͡ ゅ∠Αヱ∠ ∩͡ズら∠ エ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ⊥よぺ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ェヱ∠ ∩͡ゆゲ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや ヲ⊥よぺ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠シ» «ュヱぁゲャや (Sam was t he fat her of t he Arabs, Ham was t he fat her of t he Et hiopians and Yafit h was t he fat her of t he Romans.)'' This was also recorded by At -Tirmidhi. What is meant here by Romans is t he original Romans, i.e., t he Greeks who claimed descent from Ruma (Roma) t he son of Lit i, t he son of Yunan, t he son of Yafit h, t he son of Nuh, peace be upon him.

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ミ∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ

(And left for him among t he lat er generat ions. ) Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "He is remembered in a good way.'' Muj ahid said t his means "An honorable ment ion by all t he Prophet s.'' Qat adah and As-Suddi said, "Allah caused him t o be praised const ant ly by ot hers.'' Ad-Dahhak said it means "Salam and praise.''

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ぴ (Salam (peace!) be upon Nuh among t he all creat ures!) This explains for us t he ext ent of t he honorable ment ion and praise, for he is greet ed wit h peace by all groups and nat ions.

びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, t hus We reward t he gooddoers.) means, ` This is how We reward t hose of Our servant s who do deeds of obedience t o Allah. We gave him an honorable ment ion so t hat aft er he died he is st ill remembered in a manner t hat befit s his st at us.' Then Allah says:

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, he ぴNuhび was one of Our believing servant s.) meaning, one of t he sincere believers in t he Oneness of Allah, one of t hose who had cert ain fait h.

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠Ι ｘ や ゅ∠レ∇ホゲ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then We drowned t he ot hers. ) means, ` We dest royed t hem, and t here was no t race what soever left of t hem, and t hey are only known by t his unfavorable descript ion.'

ょ ∃ ∇ヤボ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ - ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よΗ ͡ ヮ͡ わ͡ バ∠ Β͡セ リ͡ョ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ⇔ ム∇プ￢͡ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ や∠クゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ - ユ∃ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ムレぁ ニ ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや (83. And verily, among t hose who followed his way was Ibrahim.) (84. When he came t o his Lord wit h a Salim heart .) (85. When he said t o his fat her and t o his people: "What is it t hat which you worship'') (86. "Is it a falsehood -- gods ot her t han Allah -- t hat you desire'') (87. "Then what t hink you about t he Lord of t he all t hat exist s'')

The Story of Ibrahim and His People Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him:

び ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よΗ ͡ ヮ͡ わ͡ バ∠ Β͡セ リ͡ョ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, among t hose who followed his ways was Ibrahim.) means, he was one of t he followers of his religion. Muj ahid said, "He was following his pat h and his way.''

び ユ∃ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ょ ∃ ∇ヤボ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ぴ (When he came t o his Lord wit h a Salim heart .) Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "This means t hat he bore wit ness t hat none has t he right t o be worshipped except Allah.'' rIbn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Awf said, "I said t o Muhammad bin Sirin, ` What is t he Salim heart ' He said, ` One which knows t hat Allah is t rue and t hat t he Hour will undoubt edly come t o pass, and t hat Allah will resurrect t hose who are in t he graves.''' Al-Hasan said, "One t hat is free from Shirk.'' ` Urwah said, "One t hat is not cursed.''

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ や∠クゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ (When he said t o his fat her and t o his people: "What is it t hat which you worship'') He denounced his people for t heir worship of idols and false gods, Allah said:

ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ムレぁ ニ ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ゅ⇔ム∇プ￢͡ ぺ∠ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや (Is it a falsehood -- gods ot her t han Allah -- t hat you desire Then what t hink you about t he Lord of t he all t hat exist s) Qat adah said, "This means, ` what do you t hink He will do wit h you when you meet Him, given t hat you worshipped ot hers alongside Him''

- ∀ユΒ͡ボ∠シ ヴあルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ - ュ͡ ヲ⊥イレぁ ャや ヴ͡プ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ヌル∠ ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ぴ Ι∠ぺ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ヴ∠ャま͡ パ ∠ や∠ゲプ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲよ͡ ∇ギョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔よ∇ゲッ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ パ ∠ や∠ゲプ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボト ͡ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲぁプゴ͡ Α∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤら∠ ∇ホほ∠プ∠ - リ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レ∇よや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わエ ͡ ∇レゎ∠ や⇔ギ∇Βミ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠ケほ∠プ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ボ∇ャほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠Β∇レよ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ びリ ∠ Βヤ͡ヘ∠ ∇シΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠

(88. Then he cast a glance at t he st ars,) (89. And he said: "Verily, I am sick.'') (90. So t hey t urned away from him and depart ed.) (91. Then he t urned t o t heir gods and said: "Will you not eat '') (92. "What is t he mat t er wit h you t hat you speak not '') (93. Then he t urned upon t hem, st riking (t hem) wit h (his) right hand.) (94. Then t hey came hast ily t owards him.) (95. He said: "Worship you t hat which you (yourselves) carve'') (96. "While Allah has creat ed you and what you make!'') (97. They said: "Build for him a building and t hrow him int o t he blazing fire!'') (98. So, t hey plot t ed a plot against him, but We made t hem t he lowest .) Ibrahim, peace be upon him, said t his t o his people so t hat he could st ay behind in t he cit y when t hey went out for t heir fest ival. The t ime was approaching for t hem t o go out t o celebrat e a fest ival of t heirs, and he want ed t o be alone wit h t heir gods so t hat he could break t hem, so he t old t hem somet hing t hat was t rue, for he was indeed sick of t he implicat ions of what t hey believed in.

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲよ͡ ∇ギョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So t hey t urned away from him and depart ed.) Qat adah said, "The Arabs say of one who t hinks deeply t hat he is looking at t he st ars.'' What Qat adah meant is t hat he looked at t he heavens t hinking of a way t o dist ract his people. So he said,

び∀ユΒ͡ボシ ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ (Verily, I am sick.) meaning, weak. Ibn Jarir narrat ed here a Hadit h from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, st at ing t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ∇ゆグ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠» :ヮ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ ∩ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ͡ やれ ͡ や∠ク ヶ͡プ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ∇レを͡ :れ ∃ ゅ∠よグ∠ ミ∠ ゐ ∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ び∀ユΒ͡ボシ ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ :

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ Β͡らミ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ «ヶ͡わ∇カぺ⊥ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ :り∠ ケｚ ゅ∠シ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ (Ibrahim (peace and blessings be upon him) did not lie except in t hree cases. Two were for t he sake of Allah: (one is) when he said, (Verily, I am sick); and (t he second) when he said, (Nay, t his one, t he biggest (his wife) of t hem (idols) did it .) and (t he t hird) when he said concerning (his wife) Sarah, "She is my sist er.'') This Hadit h is recorded in t he books of t he Sahih and Sunan wit h various chain of narrat ions. But t his is not t he kind of real lie for which a person is t o be condemned -- Allah forbid! One calls it a lie for lack of a bet t er word, because it is abst ruse speech used for a legit imat e religious purpose, and it was said t hat what was meant by t he words,

び∀ユΒ͡ボシ ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ (Verily, I am sick) was, ` I am sick at heart of your worshipping idols inst ead of Allah.' Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "The people of Ibrahim went out t o t heir fest ival and t hey want ed t o make him go out t oo. So he lay down on his back and said,

び∀ユΒ͡ボシ ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ (Verily, I am sick.) and he st art ed looking at t he sky. When t hey had gone out , he t urned t o t heir gods and broke t hem.'' This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hat im. Allah said:

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲよ͡ ∇ギョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So t hey t urned away from him and depart ed.) meaning, he went t o t hem aft er t hey had left , quickly and secret ly.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι∠ぺ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ (and said: "Will you not eat '') They had placed food before t hem as a sacrifice, so t hat t he food might be blessed. When Ibrahim, peace be upon him, looked at t he food t hat was before t hem, he said:

Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι∠ぺ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ヴ∠ャま͡ パ ∠ や∠ゲプ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボト ͡ レ∠ゎ (Will you not eat What is t he mat t er wit h you t hat you speak not )

びリ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ⇔よ∇ゲッ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ パ ∠ や∠ゲプ∠ ぴ (Then he t urned upon t hem, st riking (t hem) wit h (his) right hand.) Al-Farra' said, "This means, he st art ed t o hit t hem wit h his right hand.'' Qat adah and Al-Jawhari said, "He t urned t o t hem, hit t ing t hem wit h his right hand.'' He st ruck t hem wit h his right hand because t he right hand is st ronger and more powerful. Then he left t hem broken t o pieces, (all) except t he biggest of t hem, t hat t hey might t urn t o it , as we have already seen in t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Anbiya'.

びラ ∠ ヲぁプゴ͡ Α∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤら∠ ∇ホほ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then t hey came hast ily t owards him.) Muj ahid and ot hers said, "This means, t hey came rushing. The st ory is t old in brief here; in Surat Al-Anbiya', it is t old in more det ail. When t hey ret urned, t hey did not know at first who had done t his, unt il t hey invest igat ed and found out

t hat Ibrahim, peace be upon him, was t he one who had done it . When t hey came t o rebuke him, he st art ed rebuking and crit icizing t hem and said:

び∠ラヲ⊥わエ ͡ ∇レゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∠ラヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バ∠ゎ∠ぺぴ (Worship you t hat which you carve) meaning, ` do you worship inst ead of Allah idols which you yourselves carve and fashion wit h your own hands'

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (While Allah has creat ed you and what you make!) This may mean, ` Allah has creat ed you and what you do;' or it may mean, ` Allah has creat ed you and what you make.' Bot h views are synonymous. The former is more apparent because of t he report recorded by Al-Bukhari in t he Book Af` al Al-` Ibad from Hudhayfah, at t ribut ed t o t he Prophet :

«ヮ∠わバ∠ ∇レタ ∠ ヱ∠ ノ∃ ル͡ ゅ∠タ ｚモミ⊥ ノ⊥ レ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» (Allah has creat ed every doer of deeds and what he does.) Thereupon he recit ed:

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (While Allah has creat ed you and what you make!) When t he proof had been est ablished against t hem, t hey resolved t o seize him by force and t hey said:

び͡ユΒ͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ボ∇ャほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠Β∇レよ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レ∇よやぴ (Build for him a building (i.e., furnace) and t hrow him int o t he blazing fire!) There happened what we have already discussed in our Tafsir of Surat Al-Anbiya', (21:68-70) and Allah saved him from t he fire and caused him t o prevail over t hem, making his proof supreme and support ing it . Allah says:

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤヘ∠ ∇シΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ や⇔ギ∇Βミ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠ケほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So, t hey plot t ed a plot against him, but We made t hem t he lowest .)

∇ょワ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ - リ ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΒ∠ シ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∀ょ͡ワや∠ク ヴあルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ヤェ ∠ ユ∃ ⇒∠ヤピ⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲゼ ｚ ら∠ プ∠ - リ ͡ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡ャ ュ͡ ゅ∠レヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ン∠ケぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ｚヴレ∠ ら⊥ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヴ ∠ ∇バジ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠

ゅ∠ョ ∇モバ∠ ∇プや ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ン∠ゲゎ∠ や∠クゅ∠ョ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プ マ ∠エ ⊥ よ∠ ∇クぺ∠ ヴあルぺ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ラ͡ま ヴ͡ルギ⊥ イ ͡ わ∠ シ ∠ ゲ⊥ ョ∠ ぽ⊥ゎ ∇ギホ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よみ͡Α ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Α∠ギ⇒∠ル∠ヱ - リ ͡ Β͡らイ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠ヤ∇シ∠ぺ ラ ｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠Α∇ぼゲぁ ャや ろ ∠ ∇ホギｚ タ ∠ ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ウ ∃ ∇よグ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ プ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ⊥ Β͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⊥ Κ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤ∠シ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ミゲ∠ ⇒∠よヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ダ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔Β∂ ら͡ ル∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シみ͡よ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲゼ ｚ よ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ユヤ͡⇒∠ニヱ∠ ∀リ͡ジ∇エョ⊥ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ わ͡ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ び ∀リΒ͡らョ⊥ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャあ (99. And he said: "Verily, I am going t o my Lord. He will guide me!'' (100. "My Lord! Grant me (offspring) from t he right eous.'') (101. So, We gave him t he glad t idings of a forbearing boy.) (102. And, when he (his son) was old enough t o walk wit h him, he said: "O my son! I have seen in a dream t hat I am slaught ering you. So look what you t hink!'' He said: "O my fat her! Do t hat which you are commanded, if Allah wills, you shall find me of t he pat ient .'') (103. Then, when t hey had bot h submit t ed t hemselves, and he had laid him prost rat e on his forehead;) (104. We called out t o him: "O Ibrahim!'') (105. "You have fulfilled t he dream!'' Verily, t hus do We reward t he doers of good.) (106. Verily, t hat indeed was a manifest t rial.) (107. And We ransomed him wit h a great sacrifice;) (108. And We left for him among t he lat er generat ions.) (109. "Salam (peace!) be upon Ibrahim!'') (110. Thus indeed do We reward t he doers of good.) (111. Verily, he was one of Our believing servant s.) (112. And We gave him t he glad t idings of Ishaq -- a Prophet from t he right eous.) (113. We blessed him and Ishaq. And of t heir progeny are (some) t hat do right , and some t hat plainly wrong t hemselves.)

Ibrahim's Emigration, the Test of the Sacrifice of Isma` il, and how Allah blessed Him Allah t ells us t hat aft er He helped His close friend Ibrahim, peace be upon him, against his people, and aft er Ibrahim gave up hoping t hat t hey would ever believe despit e all t he might y signs t hat t hey had wit nessed, he emigrat ed away from t hem, and said:

∇ょワ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ - リ ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΒ∠ シ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∀ょ͡ワや∠ク ヴあルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びリ ͡ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡ャ (Verily, I am going t o my Lord. He will guide me! My Lord! Grant me (offspring) from t he right eous.) meaning, obedient children, in compensat ion for his people and relat ives whom he had left . Allah said:

び ユ∃ Β͡ヤェ ∠ ユ∃ ⇒∠ヤピ⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲゼ ｚ ら∠ プ∠ ぴ (So We gave him t he glad t idings of a forbearing boy.) This child was Isma` il, peace be upon him, for he was t he first child of whom glad t idings were given t o Ibrahim, peace be upon him, and he was older t han Ishaq. The Muslims and t he People of t he Book agree, and indeed it is st at ed in t heir Book, t hat Isma` il, peace be upon him, was born when Ibrahim, peace be upon him, was eight y-six years old, and Ishaq was born when Ibrahim was ninet y-nine years old. According t o t heir Book, Allah commanded Ibrahim t o sacrifice his only son, and in anot her t ext it says his first born son. But here t hey falsely insert ed t he name of Ishaq. This is not right because it goes against what t heir own Script ure says. They insert ed t he name of Ishaq because he is t heir ancest or, while Isma` il is t he ancest or of t he Arabs. They were j ealous of t hem, so t hey added t his idea and changed t he meaning of t he phrase "only son'' t o mean ` t he only son who is wit h you,' because Isma` il had been t aken wit h his mot her t o Makkah. But t his is a case of falsificat ion and dist ort ion, because t he words "only son'' cannot be said except in t he case of one who has no ot her son. Furt hermore, t he first born son has a special st at us t hat is not shared by subsequent children, so t he command t o sacrifice him is a more exquisit e t est .

び∠ヴ∇バジ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (And, when he (his son) was old enough t o walk wit h him,) means, when he grew up and st art ed t o go wit h his fat her and walk wit h him, for Ibrahim used t o go every so oft en t o check on his son and his mot her in t he land of Faran (i.e., Makkah), t o see how t hey were doing. It was said t hat he used t o ride on Al-Buraq, t raveling t here swift ly, and Allah knows best . It was report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, peace be upon him, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` At a' AlKhurasani, Zayd bin Aslam and ot hers t hat

び∠ヴ∇バジ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (And, when he (his son) was old enough t o walk wit h him,) means, when he became a young man and was able t o work as his fat her did.

ヴ͡プ ン∠ケぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ｚヴレ∠ ら⊥ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヴ ∠ ∇バジ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ びン∠ゲゎ∠ や∠クゅ∠ョ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プ マ ∠エ ⊥ よ∠ ∇クぺ∠ ヴあルぺ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠レヨ∠ ∇ャや

(And, when he (his son) was old enough t o walk wit h him, he said: "O my son! I have seen in a dream t hat I am slaught ering you. So look what you t hink!'') ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr said, "The dreams of t he Prophet s are revelat ion,'' t hen he recit ed t his Ayah:

∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プ マ ∠エ ⊥ よ∠ ∇クぺ∠ ヴあルぺ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠レヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ン∠ケぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ｚヴレ∠ ら⊥ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びン∠ゲゎ∠ や∠クゅ∠ョ (he said: "O my son! I have seen in a dream t hat I am slaught ering you. So look what you t hink!''). He t old his son t hat in order t o make it easier for him, and also t o t est his pat ience and resolve, at a young age, in obeying Allah and obeying his fat her.

び⊥ゲョ∠ ぽ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ョ ∇モバ∠ ∇プや ろ ͡ よ∠ ほ∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "O my fat her! Do t hat which you are commanded...'') meaning, ` obey t he command of Allah and sacrifice me.'

び∠リΑ͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ラ͡ま ヴ͡ルギ⊥ イ ͡ わ∠ シ ∠ぴ (if Allah wills, you shall find me of t he pat ient .) meaning, ` I will be pat ient and will seek t he reward for t hat wit h Allah.' He, may peace and blessings be upon him, believed in what had been promised. Allah said:

ベ ∠ ギ͡ ⇒∠タ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ モ ∠ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ - ゅ⇔Β∂ ら͡ ルｚ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇ハヲ∠ ∇ャや び ゅ⇔Β∂ ッ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ り͡ ヲ⇒∠ミゴｚ ャや∠ヱ り͡ ヲ∠ヤ⇒ｚダャゅ͡よ (And ment ion in t he Book Isma` il. Verily, he was t rue t o what he promised, and he was a Messenger, (and) a Prophet . And he used t o enj oin on his family t he Salah and t he Zakah, and his Lord was pleased wit h him.) (19:54-55).

びリ ͡ Β͡らイ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠ヤ∇シ∠ぺ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then, when t hey had bot h submit t ed t hemselves, and he had laid him prost rat e on his forehead;) means, when bot h of t hem had pronounced t he Shahadah and remembered Allah -Ibrahim because he was about t o offer a sacrifice and Isma` il because he was about t o die. Or it was said t hat "submit t ed t hemselves'' means t hat t hey submit t ed and followed t he command of Allah; Ibrahim obeyed t he command of Allah and Isma` il obeyed Allah and his fat her. This was t he view of Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Qat adah, As-Suddi and Ibn Ishaq, and ot hers. lThe meaning of t he phrase "and he had laid him prost rat e on his forehead'' is: he placed him facedown so t hat he could slaught er him from behind, and not have t o see his face at t he t ime of slaught er,

so t hat it would be easier for him. Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Ad-Dahhak and Qat adah said:

び͡リΒ͡らイ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and he had laid him prost rat e on his forehead;) means, "He t urned him upside down on his face.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "When t he rit uals were enj oined upon Ibrahim, peace be upon him, t he Shayt an appeared t o him at t he Mas` a and raced wit h him, but Ibrahim got t here first . Then Jibril, upon him be peace, t ook him t o Jamrat Al-` Aqabah and t he Shayt an appeared t o him, so he st oned him wit h seven pebbles unt il he disappeared. Then he appeared him at Al-Jamrah Al-Wust a and he st oned him wit h seven pebbles. Then he laid him prost rat e on his face. Isma` il, peace be upon him, was wearing a whit e shirt , and he said, ` O my fat her, I do not have any garment in which I can be shrouded apart from t his; t ake it off me so t hat you can shroud me in it .' He st art ed t o t ake it off, t hen he was called from behind:

びべ∠Α∇ぼゲぁ ャや ろ ∠ ∇ホギｚ タ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ヨ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よみ͡Α ラ∠ぺぴ (O Ibrahim! You have fulfilled t he dream!) Ibrahim t urned, and saw a fine, horned, whit e ram.'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "We used t o look for similar t ypes of rams.'' Hisham ment ioned t his Hadit h at lengt h in Al-Manasik.

びべ∠Α∇ぼゲぁ ャや ろ ∠ ∇ホギｚ タ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よみ͡Α ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ⇒∠ルヱ∠ ぴ (We called out t o him: "O Ibrahim! You have fulf illed t he dream!'') means, ` t he purpose of your dream has been fulfilled by your laying down your son t o sacrifice him.' As-Suddi and ot hers said t hat he passed t he knife over Isma` il's neck, but it did not cut him at all, because a sheet of copper was placed bet ween t hem. Ibrahim was called at t hat point , and it was said:

びべ∠Α∇ぼゲぁ ャや ろ ∠ ∇ホギｚ タ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (You have fulfilled t he dream!) Allah says;

びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, t hus do We reward t he doers of good.) means, ` t his is how We deal wit h t hose who obey Us in t hings t hat are difficult for t hem; We make for t hem a way out .' As Allah says:

∇ヱぺ∠ フ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ よ͡ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ムジ ͡ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠ィ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇ピヤ∠よ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ メ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ ン∠ヱク∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ フ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ よ͡ ｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥ホケ͡ ゅ∠プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ナ ⊥ハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ り∠ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠

ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ∠バ∇イΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ わｚ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャやヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ょ ⊥ ジ ͡ わ∠ ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇ホコ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ィ∠ゲ∇ガョ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ヒ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠よ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ び や⇔ケ∇ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ (And whosoever has Taqwa of Allah, He will make a way for him t o get out (from every difficult y). And He will provide him from (sources) he never could imagine. And whosoever put s his t rust in Allah, t hen He will suffice him. Verily, Allah will accomplish his purpose. Indeed Allah has set a measure for all t hings.) (65:2-3). On t he basis of t his Ayah and t his st ory, some of t he scholars of Usul have st at ed t hat it is valid for a ruling t o be abrogat ed before anyone is able t o act upon it -- unlike some of t he Mu` t azilah. The evidence for t his is obvious, because Allah commanded Ibrahim, peace be upon him, t o sacrifice his son, t hen He abrogat ed t hat and point ed out t he ransom. The purpose of His command had been primarily t o reward His close Friend for his pat ience and resolve in sacrificing his son. Allah says:

びリ ⊥ Β͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⊥ Κ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hat indeed was a manifest t rial.) meaning, it was clearly a t est when he was commanded t o sacrifice his son, so, he hast ened t o do it , in submission t o t he command of Allah and in obedience t o Him. Allah said:

び ヴｚプヱ∠ ン͡グャｚや ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And of Ibrahim who fulfilled all t hat .) (53:37), and

び ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ウ ∃ ∇よグ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ プ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We ransomed him wit h a great sacrifice). It was report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "A ram which had grazed in Paradise for fort y years.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Safiyyah bint Shaybah said, "A woman from Bani Sulaym, who was t he midwife of most of t he people in our household, t old me t hat t he Messenger of Allah sent for ` Ut hman bin Talhah, may Allah be pleased wit h him.'' On one occasion she said, "I asked ` Ut hman, ` Why did t he Prophet call you' He said, ` The Messenger of Allah said t o me,

ろ ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ キ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ズ ͡ ∇らム∠ ∇ャや ヶ ͡ ル∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ヶあルま͡» ∩ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ∇ゲヨあ ガ ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ゲ∠ ヨあ ガ ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ョ⊥ へ ∇ラぺ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ジレ∠ プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや

モ ⊥ ピ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ∀￢∇ヶ∠セ ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヶ͡ピら∠ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ «ヶあヤダ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや (I saw t he horns of t he ram when I ent ered t he House ぴi.e., t he Ka` bahび, and I forgot t o t ell you t o cover t hem up; cover t hem up, for t here should not be anyt hing in t he House which could dist ract t he worshipper.)''' Sufyan said, "The horns of t he ram remained hanging in t he House unt il it was burned, and t hey were burned t oo.'' This offers independent evidence t hat t he one who was t o be sacrificed was Isma` il, peace be upon him. The Quraysh had inherit ed t he horns of t he ram t hat Ibrahim sacrificed, and t hey had been passed down from generat ion t o generat ion, unt il t he Messenger of Allah was sent . And Allah knows best .

Reports which state that the One Who was to be sacrificed was Isma` il, and that this is Correct without a Doubt Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Amir Ash-Sha` bi, Yusuf bin Mihran, Muj ahid, ` At a' and ot hers report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat it was Isma` il, peace be upon him. Ibn Jarir narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The one who was ransomed was Isma` il, peace be upon him. The Jews claimed t hat it was Ishaq, but t he Jews lied.'' It was report ed t hat Ibn ` Umar said, "The sacrifice was Isma` il.'' Ibn Abi Naj ih said, narrat ing from Muj ahid, "It was Isma` il, peace be upon him.'' This was also t he view of Yusuf bin Mihran. Ash-Sha` bi said, "It was Isma` il, peace be upon him, and I saw t he horns of t he ram in t he Ka` bah.'' Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed from Al-Hasan bin Dinar and ` Amr bin ` Ubayd from Al-Hasan Al-Basri t hat he did not doubt t hat t he one of t he t wo sons Ibrahim was commanded t o sacrifice was Isma` il, peace be upon him. Ibn Ishaq said, "I heard Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi say, ` The one whom Allah commanded Ibrahim t o sacrifice of his t wo sons was Isma` il.' We find t his in t he Book of Allah, because when Allah finishes t he st ory of t he one of t he t wo sons of Ibrahim who was t o be sacrificed, He t hen says:

び ∠リΒ͡エ͡ヤ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔Β∂ ら͡ ル∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シみ͡よ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲゼ ｚ ∠よ∠ヱぴ (And We gave him t he glad t idings of Ishaq -- a Prophet from t he right eous), and

び∠ゆヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ ￢͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シみ͡よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ル∇ゲゼ ｚ ら∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, We gave her glad t idings of Ishaq and aft er Ishaq, of Ya` qub) (11:71). He ment ions t he son and t he son of t he son, but He would not have commanded him t o sacrifice Ishaq when He had promised t hat t his son would in t urn have a son. The one whom He commanded him t o sacrifice can only have been Isma` il.'' Ibn Ishaq said, "I heard him say t hat oft en.'' Ibn Ishaq report ed from Buraydah bin Sufyan bin Farwah Al-Aslami t hat Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi t old t hem t hat he ment ioned t hat t o ` Umar bin ` Abd Al-` Aziz, may Allah be pleased wit h him, when he was Khalifah, while he was wit h him in Syria. ` Umar said t o him, "This is somet hing about which I have never given any t hought , but I see t hat it is as you say.'' Then he sent for a man who was wit h him in Syria, a Jew who had become a Muslim and was commit t ed t o Islam, and he t hought t hat he had been one of t heir scholars. ` Umar bin ` Abd Al-` Aziz, may Allah be pleased wit h him, asked him about t hat . Muhammad bin Ka` b said, "I was wit h ` Umar bin ` Abd Al-` Aziz. ` Umar said t o him, ` Which of t he t wo sons of Ibrahim was he commanded t o sacrifice' He said, ` Isma` il. By Allah, O Commander of t he fait hful, t he Jews know t his, but t hey were

j ealous of you Arabs because it was your fat her about whom Allah issued t his command and t he virt ue t hat Allah ment ioned was because of his pat ience in obeying t he command. So t hey denied t hat and claimed t hat it was Ishaq, because he is t heir fat her.''' ` Abdullah bin Al-Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "I asked my fat her about which son was t o be sacrificed -- was it Isma` il or Ishaq'' He said, "Isma` il.'' This was ment ioned in Kit ab AzZuhd. Ibn Abi Hat im said, "I heard my fat her say, ` The correct view is t hat t he one who was t o be sacrificed was Isma` il, peace be upon him.''' He said, "And it was narrat ed t hat ` Ali, Ibn ` Umar, Abu Hurayrah, Abu At -Tufayl, Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan, Muj ahid, Ash-Sha` bi, Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi, Abu Ja` far Muhammad bin ` Ali and Abu Salih, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem all, said t hat t he one who was t o be sacrificed was Isma` il.'' Al-Baghawi said in his Tafsir, "This was t he view of ` Abdullah bin ` Umar, Sa` id bin AlMusayyib, As-Suddi, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Muj ahid, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Muhammad bin Ka` b AlQurazi and Al-Kalbi.'' This was also report ed from Ibn ` Abbas and from Abu ` Amr bin Al-` Ala'.

び ∠リΒ͡エ͡ヤ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔Β∂ ら͡ ル∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シみ͡よ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲゼ ｚ ∠よ∠ヱぴ (And We gave him t he glad t idings of Ishaq -- a Prophet from t he right eous.) having given t he glad t idings of t he one who was t o be sacrificed, who was Isma` il, Allah immediat ely follows t hat wit h ment ion of t he glad t idings of his brot her Ishaq. This is also ment ioned in Surah Hud (11:71) and in Surat Al-Hij r (15:53-55).

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ら͡ ル∠ ぴ (a Prophet ) means, from him t here will come a right eous Prophet .

ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ わ͡ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ミゲ∠ ⇒∠よヱ∠ ぴ び ∀リΒ͡らョ⊥ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャあ ユ∀ ヤ͡⇒∠ニヱ∠ ∀リ͡ジ∇エョ⊥ (We blessed him and Ishaq. And of t heir progeny are (some) t hat do right , and some t hat plainly wrong t hemselves.) This is like t he Ayah:

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ミゲ∠よヱ∠ ゅｚレョあ ユ∃ ⇒∠ヤジ ∠ よ͡ ∇テら͡ ∇ワや ゥ ⊥ ヲ⊥レΑ モ ∠ Β͡ホぴ ゅｚレョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ぁ ヨ∠ Α∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ あわヨ∠ レ⊥ シ ∠ ユ∀ ョ∠ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ マ ∠ バ∠ ョｚ リｚヨョあ ユ∃ ョ∠ ぺ⊥ び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ (It was said: "O Nuh! Come down (from t he ship) wit h peace from Us and blessings on you and on t he people who are wit h you, but people t o whom We shall grant t heir pleasures (for a t ime), but in t he end a painful t orment will reach t hem from Us.'') (11:48)

ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ｚ ル∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅｚレレ∠ ョ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲダ ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ ∇ゲム∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡らわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡⇒∠ピ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ - ユ∠ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヅ ∠ ゲ∠ ダ あ ャや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ワ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤ∠シ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや (114. And, indeed We gave Our grace t o Musa and Harun.) (115. And We saved t hem and t heir people from t he great dist ress,) (116. And helped t hem, so t hat t hey became t he vict ors;) (117. And We gave t hem t he clear Script ure;) (118. And guided t hem t o t he right pat h.) (119. And We left for t hem among t he lat er generat ions.) (120. "Salam (peace!) be upon Musa and Harun!'') (121. Verily, t hus do We reward t he doers of good.) (122. Verily, t hey were t wo of Our believing servant s.)

Musa and Harun Allah t ells us how He blessed Musa and Harun wit h prophet hood and how He saved t hem, along wit h t hose who believed, from t he oppression of Fir` awn and his people, who had persecut ed t hem by killing t heir sons and sparing t heir women, and by forcing t hem t o do t he most menial t asks, t hen ult imat ely He caused t hem t o prevail over t hem and t o seize t heir lands and t heir wealt h and all t hat t hey had spent t heir ent ire lives amassing. Then Allah revealed t o Musa t he Clear and Might y Book, which is t he Tawrah, as Allah says:

び⇔￢べ∠Βッ ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ホ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed We grant ed t o Musa and Harun t he crit erion (of right and wrong), and a shining light ) (21:48). And Allah says here:

ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ワ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡らわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ び ユ∠ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヅ ∠ ゲ∠ ダ あ ャや (And We gave t hem t he clear Script ure; and guided t hem t o t he right pat h.) meaning, wit h regard t o words and deeds.

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ミ∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ (And We left for t hem among t he lat er generat ions.) means, t hat aft er t hey died t hey would be ment ioned in good t erms and spoken of highly. Then Allah explain t his furt her:

ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Salam (peace!) be upon Musa and Harun! Verily, t hus do We reward t he doers of good. Verily, t hey were t wo of Our believing servant s.)

Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ サ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ャま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ -リ ∠ Β͡ボヤ͡⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ ∇バよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よグｚ ム∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ も͡ べ∠よや∠￢ ゆ ｚ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや びリ ∠ Β͡ダヤ∠∇ガヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲツ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ャ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡シゅ∠Α ∇メま͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ -リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡ ∇Ιや ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ -リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚル͡ま び-リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや (123. And verily, Ilyas was one of t he Messengers.) (124. When he said t o his people: "Will you not have Taqwa'') (125. "Will you call upon ` Ba` l and forsake t he Best of creat ors,) (126. Allah, your Lord and t he Lord of your forefat hers'') (127. But t hey denied him, so t hey will cert ainly be brought fort h,) (128. Save t he chosen servant s of Allah.) (129. And We left for him among t he lat er generat ions.) (130. "Salam (peace!) be upon Ilyasin!'') (131. Verily, t hus do We reward t he doers of good.) (132. Verily, he was one of Our believing servant s.) Ilyas Qat adah and Muhammad bin Ishaq said, "Ilyas is anot her name for Idris.'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "Ilyas is Idris.'' This was also t he view of Ad-Dahhak . Wahb bin Munabbih said, "He is Ilyas bin Yasin bin Finhas bin Al-` Izar bin Harun bin ` Imran. Allah sent him t o t he Children of Israel aft er Hizqil (Ezekiel), may peace be upon t hem bot h. They had st art ed t o worship an idol called Ba` l, and he called t hem t o Allah, may He be exalt ed, and forbade t hem t o worship anyone besides Him. Their king believed in him, t hen he apost at ized, and t hey persist ed in t heir misguided ways, and not one person among t hem believed in him. So he prayed t o Allah against t hem, and Allah wit hheld t he rain from t hem for t hree years. Then t hey asked him t o relieve t hem from t hat , and promised t hat t hey would believe in him if rain came t o t hem. So he prayed t o Allah for t hem, and t he rains

came, but t hey persist ed in t heir evil ways of disbelief. So he asked Allah t o t ake him t o Him. Al-Yasa` bin Akht ub had grown up under his care, may peace be upon t hem bot h. So Ilyas was commanded t o go t o such and such a place, and what ever mount came t o him, he was t o ride on it and not t o give it away. A horse of fire was brought t o him, so he rode it , and Allah clot hed him wit h light and covered him wit h feat hers, and he used t o fly wit h t he angels as a human angel, heavenly yet also eart hly. This is what was narrat ed by Wahb bin Munabbih from t he People of t he Book; Allah knows best how t rue it is.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ (When he said t o his people: "Will you not have Taqwa'') means, ` do you not fear Allah when you worship ot hers inst ead of Him'

びリ ∠ Β͡ボヤ͡⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ ∇バよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Will you call upon Ba` l and forsake t he Best of creat ors,) Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Qat adah and As-Suddi said t hat t he word Ba` l means lord. ` Ikrimah and Qat adah said, "This is t he language of t he people of Yemen.'' According t o anot her report from Qat adah, it is t he language of Azd Shanu'ah. ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam narrat ed from his fat her t hat it is t he name of an idol which was worshipped by t he people of a cit y called Ba` labak (Baalbek) which is t o t he west of Damascus. Ad-Dahhak said, "It is an idol which t hey used t o worship.''

び⇔Κ∇バよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Will you call upon Ba` l) means, ` will you worship an idol,'

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや - リ ∠ Β͡ボヤ͡⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ ∇バよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ も͡ べ∠よや∠￢ ゆ ｚ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ (and forsake t he Best of creat ors, Allah, your Lord and t he Lord of your forefat hers) means, ` He is t he One Who is deserving of your worship alone, wit h no part ners or associat es.'

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲツ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よグｚ ∠ム∠プぴ (But t hey denied him, so t hey will cert ainly be brought fort h,) means, for t he punishment on t he Day of Reckoning.

びリ ∠ Β͡ダヤ∠∇ガヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Save t he chosen servant s of Allah.) means, t hose who believe in Him alone.

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ミ∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ (And We left for him among t he lat er generat ions.) means, he is praised and spoken of highly.

びリ ∠ Β͡シゅ∠Α ∇メま͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ぴ (Salam (peace!) be upon Ilyasin!) Similarly, one might say for Isma` il, Isma` in. This is t he language (dialect ) of Bani Asad; t hey say Mikal, Mika'il, and Mika'in. They say Ibrahim and Ibraham; Isra'il, Isra'in; Tur Sina', Tur Sinin. All of t hat is fine.

ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Verily, t hus do We reward t he doers of good. Verily, he was one of Our believing servant s.) We have already discussed t he meaning of t his above. And Allah knows best .

ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ｚ ル∠ ∇クま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャｚ ゅ⇔デヲ⊥ャ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ル∇ゲョｚ キ∠ ｚユを⊥ リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒∠ピ∇ャや ヴ͡プ や⇔コヲ⊥イハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡エら͡ ∇ダョぁ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∠ラヱぁゲヨ⊥ ∠わャｚ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚま͡ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠Ι ｘや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ (133. And verily, Lut was one of t he Messengers.) (134. When We saved him and his family, all,) (135. Except an old woman (his wife) who was among t hose who remained behind.) (136. Then We dest royed t he rest .) (137. Verily, you pass by t hem in t he morning.) (138. And at night ; will you not t hen reflect )

The Destruction of the People of Lut (Lot) Allah t ells us t hat He sent His servant and Messenger Lut , peace be upon him, t o his people, and t hey denied him, so Allah saved him from among t hem, him and his family wit h t he except ion of his wife, who was dest royed along wit h her people. Allah dest royed t hem wit h different kinds of punishment s, and made t heir vicinit y a foul, st inking lake which is on a wellt ravelled rout e where people pass by night and day (i.e., t he Dead Sea, which lays close t o t he cit ies of Sodom and Gomorrah on t he highway bet ween Arabia and Syria). Allah says:

Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡エら͡ ∇ダョぁ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲヨ⊥ わ∠ ャｚ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠

(Verily, you pass by t hem in t he morning. And at night ; will you not t hen reflect ) meaning, ` will you not learn a lesson from t hem and how Allah dest royed t hem, and realize t hat a similar end await s t he disbelievers.'

マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ペ ∠ よ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ル⊥ ヲ⊥Α ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ - リ ∠ Β͡ツェ ∠ ∇ギヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ユ∠ ヰ∠ ⇒∠ジプ∠ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥エ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヤョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥エ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ レ͡ ∇トよ∠ ヴ͡プ ゑ ∠ ら͡ ヤ∠ャ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡エらあジ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや り⇔ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇わ∠らル∠ぺ∠ヱ - ∀ユΒ͡ボ∠シ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ͡￢へ∠ゲ∠バ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グら∠ レ∠ プ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゴΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ブ ∃ ∇ャぺ∠ る͡ も∠ ∇ゅョ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤ∠シ∇ケ∠ぺ∠ヱ - リ ∃ Β͡ト∇ボΑ∠ リあョ びリ ∃ Β͡ェ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バわｚ ヨ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ (139. And verily, Yunus was one of t he Messengers.) (140. When he ran t o t he laden ship:) (141. Then he (agreed t o) cast lot s, and he was among t he losers. ) (142. Then a (big) fish swallowed him as he had done an act wort hy of blame.) (143. Had he not been of t hem who glorify Allah,) (144. He would have indeed remained inside it s belly (t he fish) t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion.) (145. But We cast him fort h on t he naked shore while he was sick,) (146. And We caused a plant of gourd t o grow over him.) (147. And We sent him t o a hundred t housand (people) or even more.) (148. And t hey believed; so We gave t hem enj oyment for a while.)

The Story of Yunus We have already discussed t he st ory of Yunus, peace be upon him, in Surat Al-Anbiya' (21:8788). In t he Two Sahihs it is report ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

リ ͡ ∇よ ザ ∠ ル⊥ ヲ⊥Α ∇リョ͡ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ :メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ∃ ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ ヶ͡ピら∠ ∇レΑ∠ ゅョ∠ » «ヴｚわョ∠ (It is not right for any person t o say I am bet t er t han Yunus bin Mat t a.)

びラ ͡ ヲ⊥エ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ペ ∠ よ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ (When he ran t o t he laden ship.) Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "It was filled wit h cargo.

び∠ユヰ∠ ⇒∠ジプ∠ ぴ (Then he (agreed t o) cast lot s,) means, t o draw lot s.''

び∠リΒ͡ツェ ∠ ∇ギヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ぴ (and he was among t he losers.) means among t hose who have been overcome. This was because t he ship was being pounded by t he waves on all sides, and t hey were at risk of drowning, so t hey drew lot s, and whoever lost would be t hrown overboard so as t o light en t he load. The Prophet of Allah Yunus, peace be upon him, lost t he draw t hree t imes, but t hey did not want t o t hrow him overboard. He t ook off his garment so t hat he could t hrow himself int o t he sea, and t hey t ried t o st op him. Then Allah commanded a large fish from t he Green Sea (i.e., Medit erranian Sea) t o cleave t he oceans and come and swallow Yunus, peace be upon him, wit hout cut t ing his flesh or breaking his bones. The fish came and Yunus, peace be upon him, t hrew himself overboard, and t he fish swallowed him and t ook him away, t raveling t hrough all t he seas wit h him. When Yunus had st ayed for some t ime in t he fish's belly, he t hought t hat he had died; t hen he moved his head and legs and arms, and saw t hat he was alive. He prayed in t he belly of t he fish, and one of t he t hings he said in his main prayer was: "O Lord, I have t aken as a place of worship t o You a place which no ot her person has reached.'' They differed as t o how long he spent in t he belly of t he fish. Some said t hree days; t his was t he view of Qat adah. Some said seven days; t his was t he view of Ja` far As-Sadiq, may Allah be pleased wit h him. Some said fort y days; t his was t he view of Abu Malik. Muj ahid said, narrat ing from Ash-Sha` bi, "It swallowed him in t he morning and cast him fort h in t he evening.'' And Allah knows best how long exact ly was. Allah says,

ヮ͡ レ͡ ∇トよ∠ ヴ͡プ ゑ ∠ ら͡ ヤ∠ャ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡エらあジ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ (Had he not been of t hem who glorify Allah, He would have indeed remained inside it s belly (t he fish) t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion.) It was said t hat , if he had not already done right eous deeds during his t ime of ease. This was t he view of Ad-Dahhak bin Qays, Abu Al-` Aliyah, Wahb bin Munabbih, Qat adah and ot hers, and it was t he view favored by Ibn Jarir. This is what is indicat ed in t he aut hent ic Hadit h which we quot e below, if Allah wills. In a Hadit h narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, he said:

«りｚギゼ あ ャや ヶ͡プ マ ∠ ∇プゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠カゲｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇フゲｚ バ∠ ゎ∠ » (Remember Allah during t imes of ease and He will remember you during t imes of difficult y.) And it was said t hat what was meant by t he Ayah:

びリ ∠ Β͡エらあジ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (Had he not been of t hem who glorify Allah,) was t he meaning of t he following Ayat :

マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ン∠キゅ∠レプ∠ ぴ び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヴあルま͡ ヴ⇒͡イレ⊥ル マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ユあ ピ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ｚ ル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らイ ∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや (But he cried t hrough t he darkness (saying): "La ilaha illa Ant a, You are glorified! Truly, I have been of t he wrongdoers.'' So We answered his call, and delivered him from t he dist ress. And t hus We do deliver t he believers.) (21:87-88). This was t he view of Sa` id bin Jubayr and ot hers. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased wit h him -- and I do not know of anyt hing narrat ed from Anas t hat he did not at t ribut e t o t he Messenger of Allah :

や∠ギよ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヶ ｚ ら͡ レｚ ャや ザ ∠ ル⊥ ヲ⊥Α ラ ｚ ま͡» れ ͡ ヲ⊥エ∇ャや リ ͡ ∇トよ∠ ヶ͡プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ヰ∠ よ͡ ヲ∠ ハ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ヶあルま͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホ ∩͡ス∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ぁブエ ⊥ ゎ∠ り⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ハｚギャや ろ ͡ ヤ∠ら∠ ∇ホほ∠プ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡ヨャ͡ゅｚヌャや フ ∀ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バョ∠ ∀ブΒ͡バッ ∠ ∀れ∇ヲ∠タ や∠グワ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α :る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ∠ぺ :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ る∃ ら∠ Α͡ゲビ ∠ り∃ ギ∠ Β͡バよ∠ キ∃ ゅ∠ヤよ͡ ∇リョ͡ ゴｚ ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨∠ヲワ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∨∠マャ͡ク∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ザ ⊥ ル⊥ ヲ⊥Α ポ ∠ ギ⊥ ∇らハ ∠ :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∩⊥ザル⊥ ヲ⊥Α ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ :モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∨∀るよ∠ ゅ∠イわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ り∀ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∀ らｚ ボ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ モ ∀ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ノ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ∇メゴ∠ Α∠ ヶ͡プ ノ⊥ レ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ぺ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∩ヴ∠ヤよ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ Β∠ イ ͡ ∇レわ⊥ プ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠カゲｚ ャや «￢や∠ゲバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ェ ∠ ゲ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ れ ∠ ヲ⊥エ∇ャや

(When it occurred t o t he Prophet Yunus, upon him be peace, t o call upon Allah in t hese words when he was in t he belly of t he great fish, he said, "La ilaha illa Ant a, Yo are glorified! Truly, I have been of t he wrongdoers.'' This call went and hovered around t he (might y) Throne, and t he angels said, "O Lord, t his is t he voice of one who is weak but known, in a faraway st range land. Allah, may He be exalt ed, said, "How do you know t his'' They said, "O Lord, who is he'' Allah, may He be exalt ed, said, "My servant Yunus. '' They said, "Your servant Yunus, from whom t here kept coming accept able deeds and supplicat ions which were answered!'' They said, "O Lord, will You not have mercy on him for what he did during his t ime of ease, and save him from t his t rial and t ribulat ion'' He said, "Of course.'' So, He commanded t he great fish, and it cast him fort h on t he naked shore.) Allah says:

び⊥ヮ⇒∠ル∇グ∠ら∠レ∠プぴ (But We cast him fort h) meaning, ` We t hrew him out ,'

び͡￢へ∠ゲバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よぴ (on t he naked shore) Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, and ot hers said t hat t his refers t o land in which t here is no veget at ion and no buildings.

び∀ユΒ͡ボシ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (while he was sick,) means, when he was weak of body.

びリ ∃ Β͡ト∇ボΑ∠ リあョ り⇔ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇わ∠らル∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (And We caused a plant of gourd t o grow over him.) Ibn Mas` ud and Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem bot h, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Wahb bin Munabbih, Hilal bin Yasaf, ` Abdullah bin Tawus, As-Suddi, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, ` At a' Al-Khurasani and several ot hers, all said t hat gourd means squash. Some of t hem ment ioned t hat t he squash has a number of benefit s: it grows quickly, it s leaves offer shade because of t heir large size and smoot h t ext ure, flies do not come near it , and it s fruit s provide good nourishment ; t hey may be eat en raw or cooked, and bot h t he pulp and t he peel may be eat en. It was report ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o like squash and would look for it wherever it was on t he serving dish.

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゴΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ブ ∃ ∇ャぺ∠ る͡ も∠ ∇ゅョ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And We sent him t o a hundred t housand (people) or even more.) It is as if he was commanded, aft er he came fort h from t he fish, t o go back t o t hose t o whom he had been sent in t he first place, and t hey all believed in him.

び∠ラヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゴΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ

(or even more.) Makhul said, "They numbered one hundred and t en t housand. This was report ed by Ibn Abi Hat im. Ibn Jarir said, "Some of t he scholars of Arabic, t he people of Basrah, said t hat t his means up t o one hundred t housand or more.'' Ibn Jarir int erpret ed t his Ayah as he int erpret ed t he Ayat :

∇ヱぺ∠ り͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠イエ ͡ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ろジ ∠ ホ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び⇔りヲ∠ ∇ジホ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ (Then, aft er t hat , your heart s were hardened and became as st ones or even worse in hardness) (2:74).

∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ Β∠ ∇ゼガ ∠ ミ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ や∠クま͡ぴ び⇔るΒ∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ (Behold! a sect ion of t hem fear men as t hey fear Allah or even more) (4:77), and

び ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βシ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ぴ (And was at a dist ance of t wo bows' lengt h or (even) nearer) (53:9). The meaning is, not less t han t hat , but rat her more.

び∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ぴ (And t hey believed;) means, t hese people t o whom Yunus, peace be upon him, had been sent all believed.

び∃リΒ͡ェ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バわｚ ∠ヨ∠プぴ (so We gave t hem enj oyment for a while. ) means, unt il t he t ime of t heir appoint ed end. This is like t he Ayah,

ュ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま べ∠ヰバ∠ ヘ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ∇ろレ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ る∀ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ヴ͡プ ン ͡ ∇ゴガ ͡ ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヘゼ ∠ ミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ べｚヨャ∠ ザ ∠ ル⊥ ヲ⊥Α びリ ∃ Β͡ェ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇バわｚ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや

(Was t here any t own (communit y) t hat believed, and it s fait h (at t hat moment ) saved it -except t he people of Yunus; when t hey believed, We removed from t hem t he t orment of disgrace in t he life of t he (present ) world, and permit t ed t hem t o enj oy for a while.) (10:98)

ゅ∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥レ∠ら∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ゅ∠レら∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ ∇ユヰ͡ ム͡ ∇プま͡ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ヰルｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠セ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ん⇒∠ルま͡ る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヘト ∠ ∇タぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ∇エゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ Β͡レら∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠レら∠ ∇ャや ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠わム͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ∀リΒ͡らョぁ リ ∀ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ら∠ジル∠ る͡ レｚイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒タ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲツ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ る⊥ ｚレイ ͡ ャや ろ ͡ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ Α∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ダヤ∠∇ガヨ⊥ ∇ャや (149. Now ask t hem: "Are t here (only) daught ers for your Lord and sons for t hem'') (150. Or did We creat e t he angels female while t hey were wit nesses) (151. Verily, it is of t heir falsehood t hat t hey say:) (152. "Allah has begot t en.'' And, verily, t hey are liars!) (153. Has He (t hen) chosen daught ers rat her t han sons) (154. What is t he mat t er wit h you How do you decide) (155. Will you not t hen remember) (156. Or is t here for you a plain aut horit y) (157. Then bring your Book if you are t rut hful!) (158. And t hey have invent ed a kinship bet ween Him and t he Jinn, but t he Jinn know well t hat t hey have indeed t o appear (before Him).) (159. Glorified be Allah! (He is free) from what t hey at t ribut e unt o Him!) (160. Except t he servant s of Allah, whom He chooses.)

Refutation of Those Who attribute Children to Allah and say that the Angels are His Daughters Allah denounces t hose idolat ors who at t ribut e daught ers t o Allah -- exalt ed be He above t hat -and at t ribut ed t o t hemselves what t hey desired, i.e., t hey want ed male offspring t o t hemselves.

や６キヲ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ モ ｚニ ∠ ヴ∠ん∇ルΙ ｙ ゅ͡よ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ゼ あ よ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ミ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ (And when t he news of (t he birt h of) a female (child) is brought t o any of t hem, his face becomes dark, and he is filled wit h inward grief!) (16:58), i.e., t hat upset s him, and he would only choose sons for himself. Allah says: ` Then how can t hey at t ribut e t o Allah t he share t hat t hey would not choose for t hemselves' Allah says:

び∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ (Now ask t hem) means, quiz t hem by way of denunciat ion,

び∠ラヲ⊥レら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ゅレ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ぺ∠ぴ (Are t here (only) daught ers for your Lord and sons for t hem) This is like t he Ayah:

ン∠ゴΒ͡ッ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ジホ͡ や⇔ク͡ま マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ - ヴ∠んルｙΙや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ミ∠ ｚグャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び (Is it for you t he males and for Him t he females That indeed is a division most unfair!) (53:2122).

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠セ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ん⇒∠ルま͡ る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or did We creat e t he angels female while t hey were wit nesses) means, how did t hey decide t hat t he angels are female when t hey did not wit ness t heir creat ion This is like t he Ayah:

ゅ⇔ん⇒∠ルま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや キ⊥ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∠ィ∠ヱぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジΑ⊥ ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰセ ∠ ょ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ムわ⊥ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ セ ∠ ぺ∠ (And t hey make t he angels females who t hemselves are servant s of t he Most Gracious. Did t hey wit ness t heir creat ion Their t est imony will be recorded, and t hey will be quest ioned!) (43:19), which means, t hey will be quest ioned about t hat on t he Day of Resurrect ion.

び∇ユヰ͡ ム͡ ∇プま͡ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ヰルｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Verily, it is of t heir falsehood) means, it is a part of t he lies t hey t ell.

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ギ∠ ャ∠ヲ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ぴ (t hat t hey say: "Allah has begot t en.'') meaning, t hat offspring have been born t o Him.

び∠ラヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, t hey are liars!) Allah ment ions t hree of t he t hings t hey said about t he angels, which formed t he ut most disbelief and falsehood. They said t hat t hey were t he daught ers of Allah and t hat Allah had offspring -- exalt ed and sanct ified be He above t hat . Then t hey made t hese offspring female, t hen t hey worshipped t hem inst ead of Allah, exalt ed and sanct ified be He -- any of which on it s own would be sufficient t o condemn t hem t o spend et ernit y in Hell. Then Allah says, denouncing t hem:

びリ ∠ Β͡レら∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠レら∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヘト ∠ ∇タぺ∠ぴ (Has He (t hen) chosen daught ers rat her t han sons) meaning, what would make Him choose daught ers rat her t han sons This is like t he Ayah,

ゅを⇔ ゅ∠ルま͡ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ムよぁ ケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ヘ∇タほ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボわ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ (Has t hen your Lord preferred for you sons, and t aken for Himself from among t he angels daught ers Verily, you indeed ut t er an awful saying.) (17:40) Allah says:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ∇エゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (What is t he mat t er wit h you How do you decide) meaning, ` what kind of reasoning makes you say t hat '

び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ リ ∀ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Will you not t hen remember Or is t here for you a plain aut horit y) means, ` evidence t o prove what you say.'

びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠わム͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ぴ (Then bring your Book if you are t rut hful!) means, ` produce evidence for t hat derived from a Book revealed from heaven by Allah, t o prove t hat He has t aken what you say (i.e., offspring). What you say is t ot ally irrat ional.'

び⇔ゅら∠ジル∠ る͡ レｚイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∠ィ∠ヱぴ (And t hey have invent ed a kinship bet ween Him and t he Jinn,) Muj ahid said, "The idolat ors said t hat t he angels were t he daught ers of Allah. Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, ` Then who are t heir mot hers' They said, ` The daught ers of t he leaders of t he Jinn.''' Qat adah and Ibn Zayd also said t his. Allah -- may He be blessed and exalt ed -- says:

び⊥るレｚ ͡イャや ろ ͡ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (but t he j inn know) meaning, t hose t o whom t his is at t ribut ed

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲツ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (know well t hat t hey have indeed t o appear (bef ore Him).) means, t hat t hose who say t hat will be brought fort h for punishment on t he Day of Reckoning, because of t he lies and falsehood t hat t hey ut t ered wit hout knowledge.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ Α∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ (Glorified be Allah! (He is free) from what t hey at t ribut e unt o Him!) means, exalt ed, sanct ified and glorified be He far above having any offspring and far above what t he wrongdoers and heret ics at t ribut e t o Him.

びリ ∠ Β͡ダヤ∠∇ガヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except t he servant s of Allah, whom He chooses.) The pronoun in t he verb t ranslat ed as "t hey at t ribut e'' refers t o all of mankind, t hen He excludes t hose whom He chooses, who are t he ones who follow t he t rut h revealed t o every Prophet who was sent .

Ι ｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡レわ͡ ⇒∠ヘよ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ ∀ュゅ∠ボ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ べｚレ͡ョ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや メ ͡ ゅ∠タ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エレ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲぁプべｚダャや リ ⊥ ∇エレ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ - ∀ュヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ゅ∠ルギ∠ レ͡ハ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エらあジ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや びリ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘやリ ∠ ョあ や⇔ゲ∇ミク͡

フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ム∠ プ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡ダヤ∠∇ガヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅｚレム⊥ ャ∠ び-∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α (161. So, verily you and t hose whom you worship) (162. Cannot lead ast ray,) (163. Except t hose who are predest ined t o burn in Hell!) (164. And t here is not one of us (angels) but has his known place;) (165. And verily, we (angels), we st and in rows;) (166. And verily, we (angels) indeed are t hose who glorify.) (167. And indeed t hey used t o say:) (168. "If we had a reminder as had t he men of old,'') (169. "We would have indeed been t he chosen servant s of Allah!'') (170. But (now) t hey disbelieve t herein, so t hey will come t o know!)

No One believes what the Idolators say except Those Who are even more misguided than They Allah says, addressing t he idolat ors:

Ι ｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡レわ͡ ⇒∠ヘよ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ び ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや メ ͡ ゅ∠タ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リョ∠ (So, verily you and t hose whom you worship cannot lead ast ray, except t hose who are predest ined t o burn in Hell!) meaning, ` t he only ones who will believe what you say and follow your misguided ways of false worship are t hose who are more misguided t han you and are creat ed for Hell.'

Ι ｚ ∀リΒ⊥ ∇ハ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ Ι ｚ ∀ゆヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ぴ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ べ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ｚ ∀ラや∠クや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ダ∇らΑ⊥ び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ͡ヘ⇒∠ピ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΕ ∠ ゅ∠ミ (They have heart s wherewit h t hey underst and not , and t hey have eyes wherewit h t hey see not , and t hey have ears wherewit h t hey hear not (t he t rut h). They are like cat t le, nay even more ast ray; t hose! They are t he heedless ones.) (7:179). This is t he parable of t he people who follow t he belief and ideas of Shirk, disbelief and misguidance, as Allah says:

びマ ∠ プ͡ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ マ ⊥ プ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ - ブ ∃ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガョぁ メ ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴヘ͡ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Cert ainly, you have different ideas. Turned aside t herefrom is he who is t urned aside (by t he decree of Allah).) (51:8-9) meaning, t he one who is misled by it is t he one who is t urned aside.

The Place of the Angels and Their Ranks glorify Allah

Then Allah says, declaring t he angels t o be above t he posit ion at t ribut ed t o t hem by t hose who disbelieved in t hem and t old lies about t hem -- t hat t hey are t he daught ers of Allah --

び ∀ュヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ∀ュゅ∠ボ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ べｚレ͡ョ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t here is not one of us (angels) but has his known place;) meaning, each one has his own place in t he heavens and in t he places of worship, which he does not overst ep. Ad-Dahhak said in his Tafsir:

び ∀ュヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ∀ュゅボ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ べｚレ͡ョ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ "(And t here is not one of us (angels) but has his known place;) Masruq used t o narrat e t hat ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said, ` The Messenger of Allah said:

マ ∀ ヤ∠ョ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ノ∀ ッ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» «ユ͡もゅ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀ギィ ͡ ゅ∠シ (There is no place in t he lower heaven wit hout an angel st anding or prost rat ing in it .) This is what Allah says:

び ∀ュヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ∀ュゅ∠ボ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ べｚレ͡ョ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t here is not one of us (angels) but has his known place (or posit ion)).'' It was report ed t hat Ibn Mas` ud said, "In t he heavens t here is one heaven in which t here is no space a hand span wide but t here is t he forehead or t he foot of an angel on it . '' Then he recit ed:

び ∀ュヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ∀ュゅ∠ボ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ べｚレ͡ョ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t here is not one of us (angels) but has his known place;) Sa` id bin Jubayr similarly said:

びラ ∠ ヲぁプべｚダャや リ ⊥ ∇エレ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And we (angels), we st and in rows.) means, we st and in rows t o worship, as we have already seen in t he Ayah

び ゅｚヘタ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒ｚヘ⇒ｚダャや∠ヱぴ (By t hose ranged in ranks (or rows)) Abu Nadrah said, "When t he Iqamah had been given, ` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h him, would t urn t o face t he people and say: ` Make your rows st raight , for Allah want s you t o follow t he ways of t he angels.' Then he would say,

びラ ∠ ヲぁプべｚダャや リ ⊥ ∇エレ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, we st and in rows;) ` Move back, O so-and-so, move forward, O so-and-so.' Then he would go forward and say ` Allahu Akbar''' This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hat im and Ibn Jarir. In Sahih Muslim it is narrat ed t hat Hudhayfah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠レプ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘタ ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ ⊥ :ゐ ∃ ゅ∠ヤん∠ よ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤツ あ プ⊥ » ∩や⇔ギイ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡るム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや フ ͡ ヲ⊥ヘダ ⊥ ミ∠ «や⇔ケヲ⊥ヰデ ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ ∠よ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∠ヱ (We have been favored above mankind in t hree t hings: our rows have been made like t he rows of t he angels; t he whole eart h has been made a place of prayer for us; and it s soil is a means of purificat ion for us.)''

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エらあ ジ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇エレ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, we indeed are t hose who glorify.) means, ` we st and in rows and glorify t he Lord, praising Him, sanct ifying Him and declaring Him t o be above any fault s or short comings. We are servant s of Him and in need of Him, humbling ourselves before Him.'

The Quraysh wished that They could have a Reminder as had the Men of old

リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ゲ∇ミク͡ ゅ∠ル∠ギレ͡ハ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘや び-リ ∠ Β͡ダヤ∠∇ガヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅｚレム⊥ ャ∠ (And indeed t hey used t o say: "If we had a reminder as had t he men of old, we would have indeed been t he chosen servant s of Allah!'') means, ` t hey used t o wish -- before you, O Muhammad, came t o t hem -- t hat t hey would have someone t o remind t hem about Allah and what happened in earlier t imes, and t o bring t hem t he Book of Allah.' This is like t he Ayat :

∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ͡ゃャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ギ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ユ͡ ョ∠ Ι ｙ や ン∠ギ∇ェ͡ま ∇リョ͡ ン∠ギ∇ワぺ∠ リ ｚ ル⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャｚ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘル⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ キ∠ や∠コ ゅｚョ (And t hey swore by Allah t heir most binding oat h t hat if a warner came t o t hem, t hey would be more guided t han any of t he nat ions (before t hem); yet when a warner came t o t hem, it increased in t hem naught but flight (from t he t rut h).) (35:42), and

リ͡ョ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ - リ ∠ Βヤ͡ヘ͡ ⇒∠ピャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ シ ∠ や∠ケキ͡ リ∠ハ ゅｚレミ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ∠レヤ͡∇らホ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ン∠ギ∇ワぺ∠ べｚレム⊥ ャ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べｚル∠ぺ ∇ヲャ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ る∀ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ン͡ゴ∇イレ∠ シ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ フ ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ リｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ ヲ⊥シ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒Α∠ へ ∇リハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プギ͡ ∇ダΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥プギ͡ ∇ダΑ∠ (Lest you should say: "The Book was sent down only t o t wo sect s before us, and for our part , we were in fact unaware of what t hey st udied.'' Or lest you should say: "If only t he Book had been sent down t o us, we would surely have been bet t er guided t han t hey.'' So now has come unt o you a clear proof from your Lord, and a form of guidance and a mercy. Who t hen does more wrong t han one who rej ect s t he Ayat of Allah and t urns away t herefrom We shall requit e t hose who t urn away from Our Ayat wit h an evil t orment , because of t heir t urning away.) (6:156-157) Allah says here:

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ム∠ プ∠ ぴ (But t hey disbelieve t herein, so t hey will come t o know!) This is a definit e and st ern t hreat because of t heir disbelief in t heir Lord and t heir rej ect ion of His Messenger .

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ャ͡ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ メ ｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡⇒∠ピ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ギレ⊥ィ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケヲ⊥ダレ∠ヨ∇ャや

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ゲダ ͡ ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∃ Β͡ェ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ジプ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ジよ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠レよ͡ や∠グバ∠ ら͡ プ∠ ぺ∠ びリ ∃ Β͡ェ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ メ ｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ケグ∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゥ ⊥ ゅ∠らタ ∠ び ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ダ∇らΑ⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ∇ゲダ ͡ ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (171. And, verily, Our Word has gone fort h of old for Our servant s, t he Messengers,) (172. That t hey verily would be made t riumphant , ) (173. And t hat Our host s! t hey verily would be t he vict ors.) (174. So, t urn away from t hem for a while,) (175. And wat ch t hem and t hey shall see!) (176. Do t hey seek t o hast en on Our t orment ) (177. Then, when it descends in t heir court yard, evil will be t he morning for t hose who had warned!) (178. So, t urn away from t hem for a while,) (179. And wat ch and t hey shall see!)

The Promise of Victory and the Command to turn away from Idolators Allah says,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ャ͡ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And, verily, Our Word has gone fort h of old for Our servant s, t he Messengers,) meaning, it has already been st at ed in t he first decree t hat t he Messengers and t heir followers will ult imat ely prevail in t his world and t he Hereaft er. This is like t he Ayah:

ン ｘ ヲ͡ ホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ͡ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ リ ｚ ら∠ ヤ͡∇ビΙ ∂ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ぴ び ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ (Allah has decreed: "Verily, it is I and My Messengers who shall be t he vict orious.'' Verily, Allah is All-Powerful, Almight y.) (58:21), and

り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠レャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ び ギ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇セΙ ｘ や ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや (Verily, We will indeed make vict orious Our Messengers and t hose who believe in t his world's life and on t he Day when t he wit nesses will st and fort h.) (40:51).

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ャ͡ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケヲ⊥ダレ∠ヨ∇ャや (And, verily, Our Word has gone fort h of old for Our servant s, t he Messengers, t hat t hey verily would be made t riumphant ,) meaning, ` in t his world and in t he Hereaft er, as We have already st at ed t hat t hey would prevail over t heir people who disbelieved in t hem and went against t hem, and how Allah dest royed t he disbelievers and saved His believing servant s. '

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡⇒∠ピ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ルギ∠ レィ ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat Our host s t hey verily would be t he vict ors.) means, t hat t hey would ult imat ely prevail.

びリ ∃ Β͡ェ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ メ ｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So t urn away from t hem for a while,) means, ` bear t heir annoyance wit h pat ience and wait unt il an appoint ed t ime, when We shall cause you t o prevail and will grant you vict ory.'

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ゲダ ͡ ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And wat ch t hem and t hey shall see!) means, ` wat ch t hem and see what will happen t o t hem by way of punishment for t heir opposit ion t owards you and t heir disbelief in you.' Allah said, as a t hreat and a warning,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and t hey shall see!). Then Allah says:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠レよ͡ や∠グバ∠ ら͡ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Do t hey seek t o hast en on Our t orment ) meaning, ` t hey seek t o hast en on t he punishment because t hey disbelieve in you, and Allah is angry wit h t hem because of t hat and will make t hem suffer t he consequences, and because of t heir disbelief and st ubbornness, He will hast en on t he punishment .'

びリ ∠ Α͡ケグ∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゥ ⊥ ゅ∠らタ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ジプ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ジよ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (Then, when it descends in t heir court yard, evil will be t he morning for t hose who had been warned!) means, when t he punishment comes down t o t he place where t hey are, t errible will be t he day of t heir punishment and dest ruct ion. As-Suddi said:

び∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ジよ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (Then, when it descends in t heir court yard,) means, in t heir homes;

び∠リΑ͡ケグ∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゥ ⊥ ゅ∠らタ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ジプ∠ ぴ (evil will be t he morning for t hose who had been warned!) means, how t errible t hat morning will be for t hem. It was report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat Anas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "On t he morning of Khaybar, when t he people came out wit h t heir t ools (t o go about t heir daily work) and saw t he (Muslim) army, t hey went back and said, ` Muhammad by Allah! Muhammad and t he army!' The Prophet said:

る͡ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ジよ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ や∠クま͡ ゅｚル͡ま ∩⊥ゲら∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ろよ∠ ゲ͡ カ ∠ ∩⊥ゲら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や» «リΑ͡ケグ∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゥ ⊥ ゅ∠らタ ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ジプ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ (Allahu Akbar! Khaybar has been dest royed. Then, when it descends in t he court yard of any people, evil will be t he morning for t hose who had been warned!)''

フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ∇ゲダ ͡ ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ∃ Β͡ェ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ メ ｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び-∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ダ∇らΑ⊥ (So t urn away from t hem for a while, and wat ch and t hey shall see!) This is a reit erat ion of t he command st at ed above. And Allah knows best .

∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ Α∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ り͡ ゴｚ バ͡ ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ び-リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ∂ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (180. Glorified be your Lord, t he Lord of Al-` Izzah! (He is free) from what t hey at t ribut e unt o Him!) (181. And Salam (peace!) be on t he Messengers!) (182. And all t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah, Lord of all t hat exist s.)

Allah glorified Himself and states that He is far above what the lying wrongdoers say about Him; glorified and sanctified and exalted be He far above what they say. Allah says:

び͡りゴｚ バ͡ ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ

(Glorified be your Lord, t he Lord of Al-` Izzah!) meaning, t he Owner of might and power Whom none can resist .

び∠ラヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ Α∠ ゅｚヨ∠ハぴ ((He is free) from what t hey at t ribut e unt o Him!) means, from what t hese lying fabricat ors say.

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Salam be on t he Messengers!) means, may t he peace of Allah be upon t hem in t his world and in t he Hereaft er, because what t hey say about t heir Lord is sound, correct and t rue.

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And all t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah, Lord of all t hat exist s.) means, praise be t o Him at t he beginning and end of all t hings. Because Tasbih (glorificat ion) implies a declarat ion of being free from all short comings, t he t wo ideas appear t oget her here and in many places in t he Qur'an. Allah says:

∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ Α∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ り͡ ゴｚ バ͡ ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ び-リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ∂ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ -リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (Glorified be your Lord, t he Lord of Al-` Izzah! (He is free) from what t hey at t ribut e unt o Him! And Salam (peace!) be on t he Messengers! And all t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah, Lord of all t hat exist s.) Sa` id bin Abi ` Arubah narrat ed t hat Qat adah said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ゅ∠ルほ∠プ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥ヨヤあジ ∠ プ∠ ∩ｚヶヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤｚシ ∠ や∠クま͡» «リΒ͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ (When you send Salam on me, send Salam on all t he Messengers, for I am one of t he Messengers.)'' This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hat im. Abu Muhammad Al-Baghawi recorded in his Tafsir t hat ` Ali, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "Whoever want s a great er measure of reward on t he Day of Resurrect ion, let him say at t he end of any gat hering,

∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ Α∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ り͡ ゴｚ バ͡ ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ び-リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ∂ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ -リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (Glorified be your Lord, t he Lord of honor, glory and power! (He is free) from what t hey at t ribut e unt o Him! And Salam (peace!) be on t he Messengers! And all t he praises and t hanks

be t o Allah, Lord of all t hat exist s).'' Ot her Hadit hs concerning t he expiat ion for any wrongs t hat may have occurred during a gat hering prescribe saying t he words: "Glory be t o You, O Allah, and praise. There is no God except You; I seek your forgiveness and I repent t o you. '' I have writ t en a chapt er dealing exclusively wit h t his t opic. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat As-Saffat . And Allah, may He be glorified and exalt ed, knows best .

The Tafsir of Surah Sad (Chapter - 38) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ͡ よ∠ - ゲ͡ ∇ミグあ ャや ン͡ク ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ソぴ ラ ∃ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ ユ͡ヰヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユミ∠ - ベ ∃ ゅ∠ボセ ͡ ヱ∠ り∃ ゴｚ ハ ͡ びソ ∃ ゅ∠レョ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ れ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱｚ ∇やヱ∠キゅ∠レプ∠ (1. Sad. By t he Qur'an full of reminding.) (2. Those who disbelieve are in false pride and opposit ion.) (3. How many a generat ion have We dest royed before t hem! And t hey cried out when t here was no longer t ime for escape.) We have already discussed t he separat e let t ers in t he t he beginning of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Baqarah, and t here is no need t o repeat it here.

び͡ゲ∇ミグあ ャや ン͡ク ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (By t he Qur'an full of reminding.) means, by t he Qur'an which includes all t hat is in it as a reminder and a benefit t o people in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Ad-Dahhak said t hat t he Ayah,

び͡ゲ∇ミグあ ャや ン͡クぴ (full of reminding.) is like t he Ayah,

び∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ミク͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Indeed, We have sent down for you (O mankind) a Book in which t here is Dhikrukum) (21:10). i.e., your reminder. This was also t he view of Qat adah and of Ibn Jarir. Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Isma` il bin Abi Khalid, Ibn ` Uyaynah, Abu Husayn, Abu Salih and As-Suddi said:

び͡ゲ∇ミグあ ャや ン͡クぴ (full of reminding.) "Full of honor,'' i.e., of high st anding. There is no cont radict ion bet ween t he t wo views, because it is a noble Book which includes reminders and leaves no excuse and brings warnings. The reason for t his oat h is t o be found in t he Ayah:

びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボハ ͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ プ∠ モ ∠シ ⊥ ゲｘ ャや ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ラ͡まぴ (Not one of t hem but denied t he Messengers; t herefore My t orment was j ust ified.) (38:14). Qat adah said, "The reason for it is t o be found in t he Ayah:

びベ ∃ ゅ∠ボセ ͡ ヱ∠ り∃ ゴｚ ハ ͡ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ͡ よ∠ ぴ (Nay, t hose who disbelieve are in false pride and opposit ion).'' This was t he view favored by Ibn Jarir.

びベ ∃ ゅ∠ボセ ͡ ヱ∠ り∃ ゴｚ ハ ͡ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ͡ よ∠ ぴ (Nay, t hose who disbelieve are in false pride and opposit ion.) means, in t his Qur'an t here is a reminder for t hose who will be reminded and a lesson for t hose who will learn a lesson, but t he disbelievers will not benefit from it because t hey

び∃りゴｚ ハ ͡ ヴ͡プぴ (are in false pride) meaning, arrogance and t ribalism,

び∃ベゅ∠ボセ ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and opposit ion.) means, t hey are st ubbornly opposed t o it and go against it . Then Allah scares t hem wit h news of how t he nat ions who came before t hem were dest royed because of t heir opposit ion t o t he Messengers and t heir disbelief in t he Script ures t hat were revealed from heaven. Allah says:

び∃ラ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ ユ͡ヰヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ム∠ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ ∇ユミ∠ ぴ (How many a generat ion have We dest royed before t hem!) meaning, disbelieving nat ions.

び∇や∇ヱキ∠ ゅ∠レプ∠ ぴ (And t hey cried out ) means, when t he punishment came t o t hem, t hey called for help and cried out t o Allah, but t hat did not save t hem at all. This is like t he Ayat :

Ι ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツミ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クま͡ べ∠レシ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ∇やヲぁジェ ∠ ぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ム͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇プゲ͡ ∇ゎぺ⊥ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ケや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ツミ⊥ ∇ゲ∠ゎ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ (Then, when t hey perceived (saw) Our t orment , behold, t hey (t ried t o) flee from it . Flee not , but ret urn t o t hat wherein you lived a luxurious life, and t o your homes, in order t hat you may be quest ioned.) (21:12-13). Abu Dawud At -Tayalisi recorded t hat At -Tamimi said, "I asked Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, about t he Ayah:

び∃ソゅ∠レョ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ れ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱｚ ∇やヱ∠キゅ∠レプ∠ ぴ (And t hey cried out when t here was no longer t ime for escape.) He said t hat it was not t he t ime for t hem t o call or flee or escape. Muhammad bin Ka` b said, concerning t he Ayah:

び∃ソゅ∠レョ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ れ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱｚ ∇やヱ∠キゅ∠レプ∠ ぴ (And t hey cried out when t here was no longer t ime for escape.) "They called for Tawhid when t heir lives were over, and t hey resort ed t o repent ance when t heir lives were over.'' Qat adah said, "When t hey saw t he punishment , t hey want ed t o repent when t here was no longer t ime t o call out .'' Muj ahid said:

び∃ソゅ∠レョ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ れ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱｚ ∇やヱ∠キゅ∠レプ∠ ぴ (And t hey cried out when t here was no longer t ime for escape.) "It was not t he t ime t o flee or escape.'' Allah says:

び∃ソゅ∠レョ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ れ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱｚ ぴ (when t here was no longer t ime for escape.) meaning, t here was no t ime t o escape or run away; and Allah knows best .

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ケグ͡ レｘョ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ べ∠ィ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥らイ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ｚ ま͡ や⇔ギ͡ェヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ る∠ ヰ∠ ャ͡Ι ｘやモ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ぺ∠ - ∀ゆやｚグ∠ミ ∀ゲ͡エ⇒∠シ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ Ζ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠ト ∠ ルや∠ヱ - ∀ゆゅ∠イハ ⊥ ￢∀ ∇ヴゼ ∠ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ￢∀ ∇ヴゼ ∠ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇タ∇やヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゼ∇ョや

や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や る͡ ヤｚヨ͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ - キ⊥ や∠ゲΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ モ∇よ ゅ∠レレ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ ∇ミあグャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル∠￢ぺ∠ - ベ ∀Κ ∠ わ͡ ∇カや Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ュぺ∠ - ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グΑ∠ ゅｚヨャｚ モ∠よ ン͡ゲ∇ミク͡ リあョ マ ｙセ ∠ ヴ∠プ ∇ュぺ∠ - ゆ ͡ ゅｚワヲ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ リ ⊥ も͡ へ∠ゴカ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇ゲΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ Β∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョｘ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ リあョ ュ∀ ヱ⊥ゴ∇ヰョ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ ゅｚョ ∀ギレ⊥ィ - ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇シΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ びゆ ͡ や∠ゴェ ∠Ι ｘや (4. And t hey wonder t hat a warner has come t o t hem from among t hemselves. And t he disbelievers say: "This is a sorcerer, a liar.'') (5. "Has he made t he gods int o One God. Verily, t his is a curious t hing!'') (6. And t he leaders among t hem went about (saying): "Go on, and remain const ant t o your gods! Verily, t his is a t hing designed!'') (7. "We have not heard (t he like) of t his in t he religion of t hese lat er days. This is not hing but an invent ion!'') (8. "Has t he Reminder been sent down t o him (alone) from among us'' Nay, but t hey are in doubt about My Reminder! Nay, but t hey have not t ast ed (My) t orment !) (9. Or have t hey t he t reasures of t he mercy of your Lord, t he Almight y, t he Real Best ower) (10. Or is it t hat t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is bet ween t hem is t heirs If so, let t hem ascend up wit h means!) (11. They will be a defeat ed host like t he Confederat es of t he old t imes.)

The Idolators were amazed at the Message, Tawhid and the Qur'an Allah t ells us t hat t he idolat ors wondered at t he sending of t he Messenger of Allah as a bringer of glad t idings and a warner. This is like t he Ayah:

∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅ⇔ら∠イ∠ハ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミぺ∠ぴ ュ∠ ギ∠ ホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ͡ ゼ あ よ∠ ヱ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ケ͡ グ͡ ル∠ぺ ∀ゲ͡エ⇒∠ジ∠ャ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ベ ∃ ∇ギタ ͡ び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ (Is it a wonder for mankind t hat We have sent Our revelat ion t o a man from among t hemselves (saying): "Warn mankind, and give good news t o t hose who believe t hat t hey shall have wit h t heir Lord t he rewards of t heir good deeds'' (But ) t he disbelievers say: "This is indeed an evident sorcerer!'') (10:2). And Allah says here:

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ケ͡グレｘョ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ べ∠ィ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥らイ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey wonder t hat a warner has come t o t hem from among t hemselves.) meaning, a human being like t hemselves.

る∠ ヰ∠ ャ͡Ι ｘや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ほ∠よ∀やｚグミ∠ ∀ゲ͡エ⇒∠シ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び⇔やギ͡ェヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ (And t he disbelievers said: "This is a sorcerer, a liar. Has he made t he gods int o One God'') meaning, does he claim t hat t he One Who is t o worshipped is One and t here is no god besides Him The idolat ors -- may Allah curse t hem -- denounced t hat and were amazed at t he idea of giving up Shirk, because t hey had learned from t heir forefat hers t o worship idols and t heir heart s were filled wit h love for t hat . When t he Messenger called t hem t o rid t heir heart s of t hat and t o worship Allah Alone, t his was t oo much for t hem and t hey were ast ounded by it . They said:

∀ゆゅ∠イハ ⊥ ￢∀ ∇ヴゼ ∠ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ や⇔ギ͡ェヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ る∠ ヰ∠ ャ͡Ι ｘやモ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ Ζ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠ト ∠ ルや∠ヱ ("Has he made t he gods int o One God Verily, t his is a curious t hing!'' And t he leaders among t hem went about ) meaning t he chiefs and mast ers and nobles,

び∇やヲ⊥ゼ∇ョやぴ ((saying): "Go on...'') meaning, ` persist in your religion,'

び∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇タ∇やヱ∠ ぴ (and remain const ant t o your gods!), meaning, ` do not respond t o Muhammad's call t o Tawhid.'

び⊥キや∠ゲΑ⊥ ￢∀ ∇ヴゼ ∠ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t his is a t hing designed!) Ibn Jarir said, "The Tawhid t o which Muhammad is calling you is somet hing by which he wishes t o gain power over you, and exalt his own posit ion, so t hat he will have followers among you, but we will not respond t o him.''

The Reason for the Revelation of These Ayat

Abu Ja` far bin Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "When Abu Talib fell sick, some of t he people of t he Quraysh, including Abu Jahl, ent ered upon him and said, ` Your brot her's son is insult ing our gods; he does such and such and says such and such. Why don't you send for him and t ell him not t o do t hat ' So he sent for t he Prophet and he ent ered t he house. There was space enough for one man t o sit bet ween t hem and Abu Talib, and Abu Jahl, may Allah curse him, was afraid t hat if ぴt he Prophet び were t o sit beside Abu Talib he would be more lenient wit h him, so he j umped up and sat in t hat spot , and t he Messenger of Allah could find nowhere t o sit near his uncle, so he sat by t he door. Abu Talib said t o him, ` O son of my brot her, why are your people complaining about you and claiming t hat you insult t heir gods and say such and such' They made so many complaint s against him. Thereupon, he said,

ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ り∃ ギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ る∃ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ ヶあルま͡ ユあ ハ ∠ ゅ∠Α» ユ⊥ イ ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヵあキぽ∠ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ゆゲ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ Α͡ギゎ∠ «る∠Α∇ゴイ ͡ ∇ャや (O uncle, all I want from t hem is one word which, if t hey say it , t he Arabs will become t heir followers and t he non-Arabs will pay Jizyah t o t hem.) They were worried about what he said, so t hey said, ` One word Yes, by your fat her, (we will say) t en words! What is it ' Abu Talib said, ` What word is it , O son of my brot her' He said,

«ぶや ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ» (La ilaha illallah.) They st ood up in agit at ion, brushing down t heir clot hes, saying,

∀ゆゅ∠イハ ⊥ ￢∀ ∇ヴゼ ∠ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ や⇔ギ͡ェヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ る∠ ヰ∠ ャ͡Ι ｘやモ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び (Has he made t he gods int o One God. Verily, t his is a curious t hing!) Then t his passage was revealed, from t his Ayah t o t he Ayah:

び͡ゆや∠グハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グΑ∠ ゅｚヨャｚ モ∠よぴ (Nay, but t hey have not t ast ed (My) t orment !)'' This is t he wording of Abu Kurayb. Somet hing similar was also recorded by Imam Ahmad and An-Nasa'i, and At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan.''

び͡りゲ∠ カ ͡ ｘΙや る͡ ヤｚヨ͡ ∇ャや ヴプ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (We have not heard (t he like) of t his in t he religion of t hese lat er days.) means, ` we have not heard anyt hing like t his Tawhid t o which Muhammad calls us in t he religion of t hese lat er days.' Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "` We have not heard

of t his from t he religion of t hese lat er days (meaning Christ ianit y); if t his Qur'an were t rue, t he Christ ians would have t old us about it .''

び∀ベΚ ∠ わ͡ ∇カや Ι ｚ ま͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ぴ (This is not hing but an invent ion!) Muj ahid and Qat adah said, "A lie.'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "A fabricat ion.''

びゅ∠レレ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ ∇ミあグャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル∠￢ぺ∠ぴ (Has t he Reminder been sent down t o him (alone) from among us) They t hought it unlikely t hat he would be singled out from among t hem t o receive t he Qur'an. This is like t he Ayat :

リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ⊥ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゴあ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ び∃ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ (And t hey say: "Why is not t his Qur'an sent down t o some great man of t he t wo t owns'') (43:31). Allah said:

∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨジ ∠ ホ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨジ ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぺ∠ぴ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バプ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ゼ ∠ Β͡バョｚ び∃ろ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ (Is it t hey who would port ion out t he mercy of your Lord It is We Who port ion out bet ween t hem t heir livelihood in t his world, and We raised some of t hem above ot hers in ranks) (43:32). When t hey said t his, it indicat ed t heir ignorance and lack of underst anding since t hey t hought it was unlikely t hat t he Qur'an would be revealed t o t he Messenger and not t o somebody else.

び͡ゆや∠グハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グΑ∠ ゅｚヨャｚ モ∠よぴ (Nay, but t hey have not t ast ed (My) t orment !) means, t hey say t his because t hey have not yet t ast ed t he punishment and vengeance of Allah. But t hey will come t o know t he consequences of what t hey say and what t hey rej ect ed on t he Day when t hey are herded int o t he fire of Hell. Then Allah point s out t hat He is t he One Who is in cont rol of His Creat ion and Who does what ever He wills, Who gives what ever He want s t o whomever He want s, and honors whomever He want s and humiliat es whomever He want s, and guides whomever He want s and misguides whomever He want s, and sends t he Ruh (Jibril) by His command upon whomsoever He want s among His servant s, and seals t he heart s of whomever He want s, so no one can guide him apart from Allah. His servant s do not possess any power and have no cont rol over His dominion, not even a speck of dust 's weight ; t hey do not possess even a t hin membrane over a dat e st one. Allah says, denouncing t hem:

びゆ ͡ ゅｚワヲ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ リ ⊥ も͡ へ∠ゴカ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or have t hey t he t reasures of t he mercy of your Lord, t he Almight y, t he Real Best ower) meaning, t he Almight y Whose might cannot be overcome, t he Best ower Who gives what ever He wills t o whomsoever He wills. This Ayah is like t he Ayah:

サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ や⇔ク͡みプ∠ マ ͡ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ル ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギジ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ボル∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ や∠￢ べ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ゅ⇔ム∇ヤョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ イ ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ び や⇔ゲΒ͡バシ ∠ (Or have t hey a share in t he dominion Then in t hat case t hey would not give mankind even a speck on t he back of a dat e st one. Or do t hey envy men for what Allah has given t hem of His bount y Then, We had already given t he family of Ibrahim t he Book and Al-Hikmah, and conferred upon t hem a great kingdom. Of t hem were (some) who believed in him, and of t hem were (some) who avert ed t heir faces from him; and enough is Hell for burning (t hem).) (4:5355).

や⇔クま͡ ヴあよケ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ リ ∠ も͡ へ∠ゴカ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムヤ͡∇ヨゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ヲャｚ モ⊥ホぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥わホ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ベ ͡ ゅ∠ヘル͡Ηや る∠ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ムジ ∠ ∇ョΕ (Say: "If you possessed t he t reasure of t he mercy of my Lord (wealt h), t hen you would surely hold back for fear of (being exhaust ed), and man is ever miserly!'') (17:100). This is aft er Allah t ells us t he st ory of how t he disbeliever denied t he sending of a human Messenger, as He t ells us t hat t he people of Salih, peace be upon him, said:

- ゲ∀ セ ͡ ぺ∠ ∀ゆやｚグ∠ミ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ゅレ∠ レ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ミあグャや ヴ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャ￢⊥ ぺ∠ぴ び ゲ⊥ セ ͡Ι ｘやゆ ⊥ やｚグム∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ ョｚ や⇔ギ∠ビ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Β∠シ ("Is it t hat t he Reminder is sent t o him alone from among us Nay, he is an insolent liar!'' Tomorrow t hey will come t o know who is t he liar, t he insolent one!) (54:25, 26)

ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ Β∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョｘ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇シΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇ゲΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ (Or is it t hat t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is bet ween t hem is t heirs If so, let t hem ascend up wit h means.) means, if t hey have t hat , t hen let t hem ascend up wit h means. Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Qat adah and ot hers said, "The ways t o t he heaven.'' Ad-Dahhak, said, "Then let t hem ascend int o t he sevent h heaven.'' Then Allah says,

びゆ ͡ や∠ゴェ ∠Ι ｘ や リあョ ュ∀ ヱ⊥ゴ∇ヰョ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ ゅｚョ ∀ギレ⊥ィぴ (t hey will be a defeat ed host like t he Confederat es of t he old t imes.) meaning, t hese host s of disbelievers who are in false pride and opposit ion will be defeat ed and overwhelmed and disgraced, j ust as t he Confederat es of t he old t imes were disgraced before t hem. This Ayah is like t he Ayah:

ノ⊥ ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ゴ∠ ∇ヰΒ⊥ シ ∠ - ゲ∀ ダ ͡ わ∠ レぁョ ∀ノΒ͡ヨィ ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ び ゲ∠ よ⊥ ギぁ ャや ∠ラヲぁャ∠ヲΑ⊥ ∠ヱ (Or say t hey: "We are a great mult it ude, vict orious'' Their mult it ude will be put t o flight , and t hey will show t heir backs.) (54:44-45) -- which is what happened on t he day of Badr --

び ゲぁ ョ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ワ∇キぺ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや モ ͡ よ∠ ぴ (Nay, but t he Hour is t heir appoint ed t ime, and t he Hour will be more grievous and more bit t er.) (54:46)

ヱ⊥ク ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヱ ∀キゅ∠ハ∠ヱ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ∇ろよ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ぴ る͡ ム∠ ∇Β⇒∠ャ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヅ ∃ ヲ⊥ャ ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヱ∠ - キ͡ ゅ∠ゎ∇ヱｘΙや ペ ｚエ ∠ プ∠ モ ∠シ ⊥ ゲｘ ャや ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ラ͡ま - ゆ ⊥ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘやマ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゅｚョ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ る⇔ エ ∠ ∇Βタ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢͡ Γ⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボハ ͡ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レト ｚ ホ͡ ゅ∠レャｚ モあイハ ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ベ ∃ や∠ヲプ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ び∠ラヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ͡ら∇タや ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠

(12. Before t hem denied -- t he people of Nuh; and ` Ad; and Fir` awn t he man of st akes,) (13. And Thamud, and t he people of Lut , and t he Dwellers of Al-Aykah; such were t he Confederat es.) (14. Not one of t hem but denied t he Messengers; t herefore My t orment was j ust ified.) (15. And t hese only wait for a single Sayhah t here will be no pause or ending t heret o. ) (16. They say: "Our Lord! Hast en t o us Qit t ana before t he Day of Reckoning!'') (17. Be pat ient of what t hey say...)

A Reminder of Those Who were destroyed among the Previous Nations Allah t ells us about t hose past nat ions and t he punishment and vengeance t hat st ruck t hem for t heir going against t he Messengers and disbelieving in t he Prophet s, peace be upon t hem. We have already seen t heir st ories in det ail in numerous places (in t he Qur'an). Allah says:

び⊥ゆや∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘやマ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (such were t he Confederat es.) meaning, ` t hey were great er and st ronger t han you, t hey had more wealt h and children, but t hat did not prot ect t hem from t he punishment of Allah at all when t he command of your Lord came t o pass.' Allah says:

びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボハ ͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ プ∠ モ ∠シ ⊥ ゲｘ ャや ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ラ͡まぴ (Not one of t hem but denied t he Messengers; t herefore My t orment was j ust ified.) ` The reason for t heir dest ruct ion was t heir disbelief in t he Messengers, so let t hose who are addressed here beware and be afraid.'

リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ゅｚョ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ る⇔ エ ∠ ∇Βタ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢͡ Γ⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びベ ∃ や∠ヲプ∠ (And t hese only wait for a single Sayhah t here will be no pause or ending t heret o.) Malik narrat ed from Zayd bin Aslam; "There will none who can avert it ,'' i.e., t hey will only wait for t he Hour t hat it shall come upon t hem suddenly while t hey perceive not . But some of it s port ent s have already come, i.e., it has drawn nigh. This Sayhah is t he blast on t he Trumpet when Allah will command Israfil t o sound a long not e, and t here will be no one in t he heaven or on eart h but will be t errified, except t hose whom Allah spares.

びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レト ｚ ホ͡ ゅ∠レャｚ モあイハ ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (They say: "Our Lord! Hast en t o us Qit t ana before t he Day of Reckoning!'') Here Allah denounces t he idolat ors for calling for t he punishment t o be hast ened upon t hemselves. Qit t refers t o a book or record, or it was said t hat it means one's allot t ed share or fort une. Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan and ot hers said, "They asked for t he punishment t o be hast ened.'' Qat adah added, t his is like when t hey said: e

∇ゲト ͡ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ ポ ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ び∃ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ∇もや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠イェ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ("O Allah! If t his (t he Qur'an) is indeed t he t rut h from You, t hen rain down st ones on us from t he sky or bring on us a painful t orment .'') (8:32). It was also said t hat t hey asked for t heir share of Paradise t o be hast ened, if it really exist ed, so t hat t hey might have t heir share in t his world; t hey said t his because t hey t hought it unlikely t o exist and t hey disbelieved in it . Ibn Jarir said, "They asked for what ever t hey deserved, good or bad, t o be hast ened for t hem in t his world.'' What he said is good, and A-Dahhak and Isma` il bin Abi Khalid based t heir views on it . And Allah knows best . They said t his by way of mockery and disbelief, so Allah commanded His Messenger t o be pat ient in t he face of t heir insult s, and He gave him t he glad t idings t hat his pat ience would be rewarded wit h vict ory and success.

や∠ク キ∠ ヱ⊥ヱや∠キ ゅ∠ル∠ギ∇ら∠ハ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ͡ら∇タやぴ リ ∠ ∇エらあ ジ ∠ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ャや ゅ∠ル∇ゲガ ｚシ ∠ ゅｚル͡ま - ∀ゆやｚヱ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ギ͡ ∇ΑΙ ｘや ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ ｘ ミ⊥ り⇔ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇エョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βト ｚ ャや∠ヱ - ベ ͡ や∠ゲ∇セΗ ͡ や∠ヱ ヴ あゼ ͡ バ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ モ ∠ ∇ダプ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ム∠ ∇ヤョ⊥ ゅ∠ル∇キギ∠ セ ∠ ヱ∠ - ∀ゆやｚヱ∠ぺ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠トガ ͡ ∇ャや (17.And remember Our slave Dawud, endued wit h Al-Ayd. Verily, he was ever oft -ret urning in all mat t ers and in repent ance.) (18. Verily, We made t he mount ains t o glorify Our praises wit h him in t he ` Ashi and Ishraq.) (19. And (so did) t he birds assembled, all obedient t o him.) (20. We made his kingdom st rong and gave him Al-Hikmah and sound j udgement in speech and decision.)

Allah tells us that His servant and Messenger Dawud, peace be upon him, was endued with power. Al-Ayd means st rengt h in knowledge and act ion. Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd said, "Al-Ayd means st rengt h.'' Muj ahid said, "Al-Ayd means st rengt h in obedience t o Allah.'' Qat adah said, "Dawud, peace be upon him, was given st rengt h in worship and t he proper underst anding of Islam.'' He t old us t hat he, peace be upon him, used t o spend a t hird of t he night in prayer, and he fast ed for half a lifet ime. This was report ed in t he Two Sahihs, where it is recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ょ ぁ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠キヱ⊥ や∠キ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ャま͡ り͡ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ょ ぁ ェ ∠ ぺ∠» ュ⊥ ゅ∠レΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∩∠キヱ⊥ や∠キ ュ⊥ ゅ∠Βタ ͡ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ュ͡ ゅ∠Βダ あ ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮシ ∠ ギ⊥ シ ⊥ ュ⊥ ゅ∠レΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮん∠ ヤ⊥を⊥ ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡モ∇Βヤｚャや ブ ∠ ∇ダル͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ヴ∠ホゅ∠ャ やク∠ ま͡ ゲぁ ヘ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ゲ⊥ ト ͡ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ダΑ∠ «ゅ⇔よやｚヱぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ (The most beloved of prayer t o Allah is t he prayer of Dawud, and t he most beloved of fast ing t o Allah is t he fast ing of Dawud. He used t o sleep for half of t he night , st and in prayer for a t hird of t he night , t hen sleep for a sixt h of t he night , and he used t o fast alt ernat e days. He never fled from t he bat t lefield, and he always t urned t o Allah.) which means t hat he t urned t o Allah wit h regard t o all of his affairs.

ヴ あゼ ͡ バ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ∇エらあ ジ ∠ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ャや ゅ∠ル∇ゲガ ｚシ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ びベ ͡ や∠ゲ∇セΗ ͡ や∠ヱ (Verily, We made t he mount ains t o glorify Our praises wit h him in t he ` Ashi and Ishraq. ) means, Allah caused t he mount ains t o glorify His praises wit h him at sunrise and at t he end of t he day. This is like t he Ayah:

び∠ゲ∇Βト ｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヴ͡よヱあ ぺ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ Α∠ ぴ (O you mount ains. Glorify (Allah) wit h him! And you birds (also)!) (34:10). The birds also used t o glorify Allah's praises wit h him. If a bird flew by him and heard him chant ing t he Zabur, it would not go away; inst ead it would st ay hovering in t he air, glorifying Allah along wit h him. And t he loft y mount ains would respond t o him and echo his glorificat ion of Allah. Ibn Jarir recorded from ` Abdullah bin Al-Harit h bin Nawfal t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, did not pray Ad-Duha. ぴ` Abdullah said:び "So I t ook him t o Umm Hani, may Allah be pleased wit h her, and said t o her, ` Tell him what you t old me.' She said, ` The Messenger of Allah ent ered my house on t he day of t he conquest of Makkah. He called for wat er t o be poured int o a large bowl, t hen he called for a garment which he used as a screen bet ween me and him, and he washed himself. Then he sprinkled wat er around t he house and prayed eight Rak` ahs. This was Ad-Duha, and it s st anding, bowing, prost rat ion and sit t ing were all equal in brevit y.' Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, left , saying, ` I have read t he Qur'an from cover t o cover, and I never knew about Salat Ad-Duha unt il now!' Then he recit ed:

び͡ベや∠ゲ∇セΗ ͡ や∠ヱ ヴ あゼ ͡ バ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ∇エらあ ジ ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (glorify Our praises wit h him in t he ` Ashi and Ishraq.) I used t o say, "What is Salat Al-Ishraq, but now I know what it is.''

び⇔り∠ケヲ⊥ゼ∇エ∠ョ ゲ∠ ∇Βト ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (And (so did) t he birds assembled,) meaning, hovering in t he air.

び∀ゆやｚヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ぴ (all obedient t o him.) means, t hey obeyed him and followed him in glorifying Allah. Sa` id bin Jubayr, Qat adah and Malik said, narrat ing from Zayd bin Aslam and Ibn Zayd:

び∀ゆやｚヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ぴ (all obedient t o him.) means, "Following his commands.''

び⊥ヮム∠ ∇ヤョ⊥ ゅ∠ル∇キギ∠ セ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (We made his kingdom st rong) means, ` We gave him complet e dominion wit h all t hat kings need.' Ibn Abi Naj ih report ed t hat Muj ahid said, "He was t he st rongest and most powerful of t he people of t his world.''

び∠るヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (and gave him Al-Hikmah) Muj ahid said, "This means underst anding, reason and int elligence.'' Qat adah said, "The Book of Allah and following what is in it .'' As-Suddi said:

び∠るヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャやぴ (Al-Hikmah) "Prophet hood.''

び͡ゆゅ∠トガ ͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ダプ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and sound j udgement ) Shurayh Al-Qadi and Ash-Sha` bi said, "Sound j udgement is t est imony and oat hs.'' Qat adah said, "Two wit nesses for t he plaint iff or an oat h on t he part of t he defendant is meaning of sound j udgement .'' This is t he sound j udgement which t he Prophet s and Messengers j udged and t he believers and right eous accept ed. This is t he basis of t his Ummah's j udicial syst em unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. This was t he view of Abu ` AbdurRahman As-Sulami. Muj ahid and As-Suddi said, "It means passing t he right j udgement and underst anding t he case.'' Muj ahid also said, "It is soundness in speech and in j udgement , and t his includes all of t he above.'' This is what is meant , and t his is t he view favored by Ibn Jarir.

-ゆ ∠ や∠ゲ∇エヨ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ケヲｚ ジ ∠ ゎ∠ ∇クま͡ ユ͡ ∇ダガ ∠ ∇ャや や⊥ぽら∠ ル∠ ポ ∠ ゅ∠ゎぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ブガ ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ネ ∠ ゴ͡ ヘ∠ プ∠ ∠キヱ⊥ヱや∠キ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ∠ キ∠ ∇クま͡ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ェゅ∠プ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ピよ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ダカ ∠ -ヅ ͡ ゲ∠ ダ あ ャや ￢͡ へ∠ヲシ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠ルギ͡ ∇ワや∠ヱ ∇テト ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ る∀ イ ∠ ∇バル∠ ヴ͡ャヱ∠ る⇔ イ ∠ ∇バル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ∇ジゎ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ノ∇ジ͡ゎ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡カぺ∠ へ∠グワ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ゆ ͡ ゅ∠トガ ͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヴ͡ルゴｚ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡レ∇ヤヘ͡ ∇ミぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ィ ͡ ゅ∠バル͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ わ͡ イ ∠ ∇バル∠ メ ͡ や∠ぽジ ⊥ よ͡ マ ∠ ヨ∠ ヤ∠ニ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ヴ͡ピ∇らΒ∠ ャ∠ ͡￢べ∠ト∠ヤガ ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ リ ｚニ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅｚョ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ゅ⇔バ͡ミや∠ケ ゲｚ カ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ヮ⊥ ⇒ｚレわ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ キ⊥ ヱ⊥ヱや∠キ ヴ∠ヘ∇ャゴ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ギレ͡ハ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲヘ∠ ピ∠ プ∠ - ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ びゆ ∃ ゅ∠⇒ョ∠ リ ∠ ∇ジェ ⊥ ヱ∠ (21. And has t he news of t he lit igant s reached you When t hey climbed over t he wall int o (his) Mihrab (privat e chamber of worship);) (22. When t hey ent ered in upon Dawud, he was t errified of t hem. They said: "Fear not ! (We are) t wo lit igant s, one of us has wronged t he ot her, t herefore j udge bet ween us wit h t rut h, and t reat us not wit h inj ust ice, and guide us t o t he right way.) (23. Verily, t his my brot her (in religion) has ninet y-nine ewes, while I have (only) one ewe, and he says: "Hand it over t o me, and he overpowered me in speech.'') (24. ぴDawudび said: "He has wronged you in demanding your ewe in addit ion t o his ewes. And, verily, many part ners oppress one anot her, except t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, and t hey are few.'' And Dawud guessed t hat We have t ried him and he sought forgiveness of his Lord, and he fell down prost rat e and t urned (t o Allah) in repent ance.) (25. So, We forgave him t hat , and verily, for him is a near access t o Us, and a good place of ret urn.)

The Story of the Two Litigants In discussing t his passage, t he scholars of Tafsir ment ion a st ory which is most ly based upon Isra'iliyat narrat ions. Not hing has been report ed about t his from t he Infallible Prophet t hat we could accept as t rue. But Ibn Abi Hat im narrat ed a Hadit h whose chain of narrat ion cannot be

regarded as Sahih because it is report ed by Yazid Ar-Raqashi from Anas, may Allah be pleased wit h him. Alt hough Yazid was one of t he right eous, his Hadit hs are regarded as weak by t he Imams. So, it is bet t er t o speak briefly of t his st ory and refer knowledge of it t o Allah, may He be exalt ed. For t he Qur'an is t rue and what it cont ains is also t rue.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ネ ∠ ゴ͡ ヘ∠ プ∠ ぴ (he was t errified of t hem.) This was because he was in his Mihrab (privat e chamber). That was t he noblest part of his house, where he commanded t hat no one should ent er upon him t hat day. So, he did not realize t hat t hese t wo people had climbed t he fence surrounding his Mihrab (privat e chamber) t o ask him about t heir case.

び͡ゆゅ∠トガ ͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヴ͡ルゴｚ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and he overpowered me in speech.) means, ` he defeat ed me.'

び⊥ヮ⇒ｚレわ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ キ⊥ ヱ⊥ヱや∠キ リ ｚニ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Dawud guessed t hat We have t ried him) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t his means, "We t est ed him.''

び∠ゆゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バ͡ミや∠ケ ゲｚ カ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and he fell down prost rat e and t urned (t o Allah) in repent ance.)

び∠マャ͡ク∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲ∠ヘ∠ピ∠プぴ (So, We forgave him t hat ,)

The Sajdah in Surah Sad The performance of Saj dah in Surah Sad is not one of t he obligat ory locat ions; it is a prost rat ion of t hanks (Saj dat Shukr). The evidence for it is t he report recorded by Imam Ahmad from Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, who said; "The prost rat ion in Surah Sad is not one of t he obligat ory prost rat ions; I saw t he Messenger of Allah prost rat ing in t his Surah.'' This was also recorded by Al-Bukhari, Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi, and An-Nasa'i in his Tafsir. At Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.'' In his Tafsir of t his Ayah, An-Nasa'i also recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Prophet prost rat ed in Sad, and he said:

∩⇔るよ∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ キ⊥ ヱ⊥ や∠キ ゅ∠ワギ∠ イ ∠シ ∠» «や⇔ゲ∇ムセ ⊥ ゅ∠ワギ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ジル∠ ヱ∠

(Dawud prost rat ed as an act of repent ance and we prost rat e as an act of t hanks.)'' This was recorded only by An-Nasa'i. The men of it s chain of narrat ion are all reliable. In his Tafsir of t his Ayah, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Al-` Awwam said t hat he asked Muj ahid about t he prost rat ion in Surah Sad. He said, ` I asked Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, ` Why do you prost rat e' He said, ` Have you not read:

び∠リ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∠キヱ⊥ヱや∠キ ヮ͡ わ͡ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (and among his ぴNuh'sび progeny Dawud, Sulayman) (6:84)

び∇ロギ͡ わ∠ ∇ホや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ や∠ギヰ⊥ ら͡ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ン∠ギ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (They are t hose whom Allah had guided. So follow t heir guidance) (6:90). Dawud, peace be upon him, was one of t hose whom your Prophet was commanded t o follow. Dawud prost rat ed here so t he Messenger of Allah also prost rat ed here.''' Abu Dawud recorded t hat Abu Sa` id AlKhudri, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah recit ed Sad while he was on t he Minbar. When he reached t he prost rat ion, he came down from t he Minbar and prost rat ed, and t he people prost rat ed wit h him. On anot her occasion when he recit ed it , he reached t he prost rat ion and t he people prepared t o prost rat e. He said:

«ユ⊥わ∇ルゴｚ ゼ ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヶあレム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ヶら͡ ル∠ る⊥ よ∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡» (This is repent ance for a Prophet , but I see t hat you are preparing t o prost rat e.) Then he came down (from t he Minbar) and prost rat ed.'' This was recorded only by Abu Dawud and it s chain of narrat ion meet s t he condit ions of t he Two Sahihs.

びゆ ∃ ゅ∠⇒ョ∠ リ ∠ ∇ジェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヘ∇ャゴ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ルギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and verily, for him is a near access t o Us, and a good place of (final) ret urn.) means, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, he will have good deeds by virt ue of which he will be brought close t o Allah, and he will have a good place of (final) ret urn, which means t he loft y levels of Paradise, because of his repent ance and his perfect j ust ice in his kingdom. As it says in t he Sahih:

リ ͡ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ケ∃ ヲ⊥ル ∇リョ͡ ゲ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥トジ ͡ ∇ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや» ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥トジ ͡ ∇ボΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∩∀リΒ͡ヨΑ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠わ∇ヤミ͡ ヱ∠ ∩͡リヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや «やヲ⊥ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ (Those who are fair and j ust wit h t heir families and t hose who are under t heir aut horit y will be on Minbars of light on t he right hand of Ar-Rahman, and bot h His Hands are right Hands.)''

∇ユム⊥ ∇ェゅ∠プ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ る⇔ ヘ∠ Β͡ヤカ ∠ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚル͡ま キ⊥ ヱ⊥ヱや∠ギΑぴ リ∠ハ マ ∠ ヤｚツ ͡ Β⊥ プ∠ ン∠ヲヰ∠ ∇ャや ノ͡ ら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヲぁヤツ ͡ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ (26. O Dawud! Verily, We have placed you as a successor on t he eart h; so j udge you bet ween men in t rut h (and j ust ice) and follow not your desire -- for it will mislead you from t he pat h of Allah. Verily, t hose who wander ast ray from t he pat h of Allah (shall) have a severe t orment , because t hey forgot t he Day of Reckoning.)

Advice to Rulers and Leaders This is advice from Allah, may He be exalt ed, t o t hose who are in posit ions of aut horit y. They should rule according t o t he t rut h and j ust ice revealed from Him, t hey should not t urn away from it and be led ast ray from t he pat h of Allah. Allah has issued a st ern warning of a severe punishment t o t hose who go ast ray from His pat h and forget t he Day of Resurrect ion. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibrahim Abu Zur` ah, who read t he Script ure, report ed t hat Al-Walid bin ` Abd Al-Malik said t o him: "Does anyone have t he right t o quest ion t he Khalifah You have read t he first Script ure and t he Qur'an, and you have underst ood t hem.'' He replied, "May I speak, O Commander of t he fait hful'' He said, "Speak, for you are under t he prot ect ion of Allah.'' I said, "O Commander of t he fait hful, are you more dear t o Allah, or Dawud, peace be upon him For Allah gave him bot h prophet hood and rulership, t hen He warned him in His Book:

∇ユム⊥ ∇ェゅ∠プ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ る⇔ ヘ∠ Β͡ヤカ ∠ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚル͡ま キ⊥ ヱ⊥ヱや∠ギΑぴ リ∠ハ マ ∠ ヤｚツ ͡ Β⊥ プ∠ ン∠ヲヰ∠ ∇ャや ノ͡ ら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ び͡ヮヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ (O Dawud ! Verily, We have placed you as a successor on t he eart h; so j udge you bet ween men in t rut h (and j ust ice) and follow not your desire -- for it will mislead you from t he pat h of Allah).'' ` Ikrimah said:

び͡ゆゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ぴ ((Those shall) have a severe t orment , because t hey forgot t he Day of Reckoning.) "They will have a severe punishment on t he Day of Reckoning because of what t hey forgot . '' As-Suddi said, "They will have a severe punishment because of what t hey neglect ed t o do for t he sake of t he Day of Reckoning.'' This int erpret at ion is more in accordance wit h t he apparent meaning of t he Ayah. And Allah, may He be glorified and exalt ed, is t he Guide t o t he Trut h.

Κ ⇔ ト ͡ ⇒∠よ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ モ ∀ ∇Αヲ∠ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ぁニ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ∇ュぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∀ポ∠ゲ⇒∠らョ⊥ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ - ケ͡ ゅｚイヘ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや びょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΙ ｘ や ヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ∠ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇やヱ⊥ゲよｚ ギｚ Β∠ ャあ (27. And We creat ed not t he heaven and t he eart h and all t hat is bet ween t hem wit hout purpose! That is t he considerat ion of t hose who disbelieve! Then woe t o t hose who disbelieve from t he Fire!) (28. Shall We t reat t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds as t hose who cause mischief on t he eart h Or shall We t reat t hose who have Taqwa as t he evildoers) (29. (This is) a Book which We have sent down t o you, full of blessings, t hat t hey may ponder over it s Verses, and t hat men of underst anding may remember.)

The Wisdom behind the Creation of This World Allah t ells us t hat He did not creat e t he creat ures in vain; He creat ed t hem t o worship Him Alone, t hen He will gat her t hem on t he Day of Gat hering and will reward t he obedient and punish t he disbelievers. Allah says:

Κ ⇔ ト ͡ ⇒∠よ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ぁニ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ (And We creat ed not t he heaven and t he eart h and all t hat is bet ween t hem wit hout purpose! That is t he considerat ion of t hose who disbelieve!) meaning, t hose who do not t hink t hat t he resurrect ion and t he place of ret urn will occur, but t hey t hink t hat t here is not hing aft er t his world.

び͡ケゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ モ ∀ ∇Αヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then woe t o t hose who disbelieve from t he Fire!) means, woe t o t hem on t he Day when t hey will be resurrect ed, from t he Fire t hat is prepared for t hem. Then Allah explains t hat because of His j ust ice and wisdom, He does not t reat t he believers and t he disbelievers equally. Allah says:

ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ∇ュぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ び ケ͡ ゅｚイヘ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ (Shall We t reat t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds as t hose who do mischief on t he eart h Or shall We t reat Those who have Taqwa as t he evildoers) meaning, ` We shall not do t hat .' They are not equal before Allah, and since t his is t he case, t here must inevit ably be anot her realm in which t hose who obey Allah will be rewarded and t he wicked will be punished. This t eaching indicat es t o t hose of a sound mind and upright nat ure t hat t here must inevit ably be a resurrect ion and recompense. We see evildoers and criminals are prospering and increasing in wealt h, children and luxury, unt il t hey die in t hat st at e. We see oppressed believers dying of grief and dist ress, so by t he wisdom of t he All-Wise, All-Knowing, All-Just who does not do even a speck of dust 's weight of inj ust ice, t here should be a t ime when t he right s of t he oppressed are rest ored wit h due j ust ice. If t his does not happen in t his world, t here must be anot her realm where recompense may be made and consolat ion may be found. The Qur'an t eaches sound aims based on a rat ional way of t hinking, so Allah says:

ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇やヱ⊥ゲよｚ ギｚ Β∠ ャあ ∀ポ∠ゲ⇒∠らョ⊥ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミぴ びょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΙ ｘ や ヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ∠ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ((This is) a Book which We have sent down t o you, full of blessings, t hat t hey may ponder over it s Ayat , and t hat men of underst anding may remember.) meaning, t hose who are possessed of wisdom and reason.

∇クま͡ - ∀ゆやｚヱ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ギ⊥ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇バル͡ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ キ∠ ヱ⊥ヱや∠ギャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇らワ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ - キ⊥ ゅ∠Βイ ͡ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レヘ͡ ⇒ｚダャや ヴ あゼ ͡ バ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ チ ∠ ゲ͡ ハ ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヴ͡よケ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ｚょェ ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇らら∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ゅ⇔エ∇ジョ∠ ペ ∠ ヘ͡ ト ∠ プ∠ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ワヱぁキケ⊥ - ͡ゆゅ∠イ͡エ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇れケ∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ びベ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ハｘΙや∠ヱ ベ ͡ ヲぁジャゅ͡よ (30. And t o Dawud We gave Sulayman. How excellent a servant ! Verily, he was ever t urning in repent ance (t o Us)!) (31. When t here were displayed before him, in t he aft ernoon, well t rained horses of t he highest breed.) (32. He said: "I did love t he good inst ead of remembering my Lord,'' t ill t he t ime was over, and (t he sun) had hidden in t he veil (of night ).) (33. Then he said: "Bring t hem back t o me.'' Then he began t o pass his hand over t heir legs and t heir necks.)

Sulayman the Son of Dawud Allah t ells us t hat he gave Sulayman t o Dawud as a Prophet , as He says elsewhere:

び∠キヱ⊥ヱや∠キ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ゐ ∠ ケ͡ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Sulayman inherit ed Dawud) (27:1). meaning, he inherit ed prophet hood from him. Dawud had ot her sons besides Sulayman, for he had one hundred free wives.

び∀ゆやｚヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ギ⊥ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇バル͡ ぴ (How excellent a servant ! Verily, he was ever oft -ret urning in repent ance (t o Us)!) This is praise for Sulayman, because he was very much obedient , worshipping Allah much and always t urning t o Allah in repent ance.

び キ⊥ ゅ∠Βイ ͡ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レヘ͡ ⇒ｚダャや ヴ あゼ ͡ バ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ チ ∠ ゲ͡ ハ ⊥ ∇クま͡ぴ (When t here were displayed before him, in t he aft ernoon, well t rained horses of t he highest breed.) means, t hese well t rained horses were shown t o Sulayman, peace be upon him, in his capacit y as king and ruler. Muj ahid said, "They were t he kind of horses which st and on t hree legs and raise t he fourt h, and t hey were swift horses.'' This was also t he view of several ot hers among t he Salaf. Abu Dawud recorded t hat ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said, "The Messenger of Allah came back from t he campaign of Tabuk or Khaybar, and t here was a curt ain covering her room. The wind came and lift ed t he curt ain, revealing some t oys belonging t o ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her. The Prophet said:

«∨⊥るゼ ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ハ ゅ∠Α や∠グワ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (What is t his, O ` A'ishah) She, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said, "My t oys.'' Among t hem he saw a horse wit h t wo wings made of clot h. He said:

«∨ｚリヰ⊥ ト ∠シ ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ケぺ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや や∠グワ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (What is t his t hat I see in t he midst of t hem) She, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said, "A horse.'' The Messenger of Allah said,

«∨͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや や∠グワ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (And what is t his on it ) She, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said, "Wings.'' The Messenger of Allah said,

«∨͡ラゅ∠ェゅ∠レィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ サ ∀ ゲ∠ プ∠ » (A horse wit h t wo wings) She, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said, "Did you not hear t hat Sulayman, peace be upon him, had a horse t hat had wings'' She, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said, "The Messenger of Allah smiled so broadly t hat I could see his molars.''

ヴよ͡ ケ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ｚょェ ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇らら∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠イエ ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇れケ∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ (He said: "I did love t he good (i.e., horses) inst ead of remembering my Lord'' t ill t he t ime was over, and (t he sun) had hidden in t he veil (of night )) More t han one of t he Salaf and scholars of Tafsir ment ioned t hat he was so busy looking at t he horses t hat he missed t he t ime of ` Asr prayer. He did not miss it deliberat ely, but because of forget fulness, as happened t o t he Prophet on t he day of Khandaq, when he was t oo busy t o pray ` Asr and he prayed it aft er t he sun had set . This was recorded in t he Two Sahihs wit h more t han one chain of narrat ion, including t he report from Jabir, may Allah be pleased wit h him, who said, "On t he day of Khandaq, ` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h him, came aft er t he sun had set and st art ed cursing t he disbelievers of t he Quraysh. He said, ` O Messenger of Allah, I could not pray ` Asr unt il t he sun had almost set .' The Messenger of Allah said,

«ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ ∇Βヤｚタ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ» (By Allah, I did not pray it eit her.)'' He (Jabir) said, "So we got up and went t o But han. Allah's Prophet performed ablut ion for t he prayer and we t oo performed ablut ion. He prayed ` Asr aft er t he sun had set , t hen he prayed Maghrib aft er t hat .''

びベ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ハｘΙや∠ヱ ベ ͡ ヲぁジャゅ͡よ ゅ⇔エ∇ジョ∠ ペ ∠ ヘ͡ ト ∠ プ∠ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ワヱぁキケ⊥ ぴ (Then he said: "Bring t hem (horses) back t o me.'' Then he began t o pass his hand over t heir legs and t heir necks.) Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "He said, ` No, by Allah, you will not keep me from worshipping my Lord again,' t hen he ordered t hat t hey should be slaught ered.'' This was also t he view of Qat adah. As-Suddi said, "Their necks and hamst rings were st ruck wit h swords.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "He began pat t ing t he horses' heads and legs out of love for t hem.'' This is t he view t hat was favored by Ibn Jarir. He said, "Because he would not punish an animal by cut t ing it s hamst rings or dest roy his own wealt h for no ot her reason t han t hat he had been dist ract ed from his prayer by looking at it , and it was not t he animals' fault . '' This view which Ibn Jarir t hought more correct is subj ect t o furt her review, because such act ion may have been permissible according t o t heir law, especially since he got angry for t he sake of Allah for being dist ract ed by t hese horses unt il t he t ime for prayer had lapsed. Then, since he dispensed wit h t hem for t he sake of Allah, Allah compensat ed him wit h somet hing bet t er, t he wind which blew gent ly by his order wherever he willed. It s morning last ed a mont h's (j ourney), and it s aft ernoon last ed a mont h's (j ourney). This was fast er and bet t er t han horses. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Qat adah and Abu Ad-Dahma', who t raveled a lot t o t he Ka` bah, said, "We met a man from among t he bedouins who said t o us: ` The Messenger of Allah t ook my hand and st art ed t eaching me some of t hat which Allah had t aught him. He said,

ぶ ⊥ やポ ∠ ゅ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ͡ や ￢∠ ゅ∠ボゎあ や ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ネ ⊥ ギ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡» «ヮ∇レョ͡ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ (You do not give up anyt hing for t he sake of Allah, but Allah will give you somet hing bet t er t han it .)'''

ｚユを⊥ や⇔ギ∠ジィ ∠ ヮ͡ Βあ シ ͡ ∇ゲミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βボ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ゅｚレわ∠ プ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ム∇ヤョ⊥ ヴ͡ャ ∇ょワ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ - ゆ ⊥ ゅｚワヲ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ン͡ギ∇バよ∠ リあョ ギ∃ ェ ∠Ι ６ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠カケ⊥ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ウ ∠ Αあゲャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲガ ｚジ ∠ プ∠ - ソ ∃ やｚヲビ ∠ ヱ∠ ￢∃ べｚレよ∠ ｚモミ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ - ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ゅ∠ルぼ⊥ べ∠ト∠ハ や∠グ⇒∠ワ - キ͡ ゅ∠ヘ∇タΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ルゲｚ ボ∠ ョ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ギレ͡ハ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ゆ ∃ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ∇マジ ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リレ⊥ ∇ョゅ∠プ びゆ ∃ ゅ∠⇒ョ∠ リ ∠ ∇ジェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヘ∇ャゴ⊥ ャ∠ (34. And indeed, We t ried Sulayman and We placed on his t hrone Jasad (a body), and he ret urned.) (35. He said: "My Lord! Forgive me, and best ow upon me a kingdom such as shall not belong t o any ot her aft er me. Verily, You are t he Best ower.'') (36. So, We subj ect ed t o him t he wind; it blew gent ly by his order wherever he willed,) (37. And t he Shayat in, from every kind of builder and diver,) (38. And also ot hers bound in fet t ers.) (39. ぴAllah said t o Sulaymanび: "This is Our gift , so spend you or wit hhold, no account will be asked of you.'') (40. And verily, for him is a near access t o Us, and a good (final) ret urn.)

How Allah tested Sulayman then made Things easy for Him Allah says,

び∠リ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ ゅｚレわ∠ プ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed, We t ried Sulayman) meaning, ` We t est ed him.'

び⇔やギ∠ジィ ∠ ヮ͡ Βあ シ ͡ ∇ゲミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ボ∇ャ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (and We placed on his t hrone Jasad (a body)).

び∠ゆゅ∠ルぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and he ret urned.) means, aft er t his t est , he t urned back t o Him and asked for forgiveness and t o be given a kingdom such as shall not belong t o any ot her aft er him.

ギ∃ ェ ∠Ι ６ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ム∇ヤョ⊥ ヴ͡ャ ∇ょワ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びゆ ⊥ ゅｚワヲ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚま͡ ン͡ギ∇バよ∠ リあョ (He said: "My Lord! Forgive me, and best ow upon me a kingdom such as shall not belong t o any ot her aft er me. Verily, You are t he Best ower.'') Some of t hem said, "No one aft er me will have t he right t o ask Allah for such a kingdom.'' This is t he apparent meaning from t he cont ext of t he Ayah, and several Hadit hs wit h a similar meaning have been narrat ed from t he Messenger of Allah . In his Tafsir of t his Ayah, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Prophet said:

∇ヱぺ∠ る∠ ェ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ら∇ャや ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ヤｚヘ∠ ゎ∠ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ⇔わΑ͡ゲ∇ヘ͡ハ ラ ｚ ま͡» ぶ ⊥ や ヶ͡レレ∠ ム∠ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ り∠ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ノ∠ ト ∠ ∇ボΒ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ワヲ∠ ∇エル∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ト ∠ よ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∇レョ͡ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ヵ͡ケや∠ヲシ ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ る∃ Α∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠シ ヶ͡カぺ∠ メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲミ∠ グ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ ヤぁミ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ∇レゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩やヲ⊥エら͡ ∇ダゎ⊥ :ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ リあョ ギ∃ ェ ∠Ι ６ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ム∇ヤョ⊥ ヴ͡ャ ∇ょワ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ «びン͡ギ∇バよ∠ (An ` Ifrit from among t he Jinn came and bot hered me last night - or he said somet hing similar Trying t o st op me from praying. Allah enabled me t o overpower him, and I want ed t o t ie him t o one of t he pillars in t he Masj id so t hat you could see him t his morning. Then I remembered what my brot her Sulayman said, (My Lord! Forgive me and best ow upon me a kingdom such as

shall not belong t o any ot her aft er me)) Rawh said, "so he let him go, humiliat ed.'' ) This was also recorded by Muslim and An-Nasa'i. In his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat Abu Ad-Darda', may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah st ood up t o pray and we heard him say, r

«マ∇レョ͡ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠» (I seek refuge wit h Allah from you.) Then he said,

«ぶや る͡ レ∠ ∇バヤ∠よ͡ マ ∠ レ⊥ バ∠ ∇ャぺ∠» (I curse you wit h t he curse of Allah.) t hree t imes, and he st ret ched out his hand as if he was reaching out t o t ake somet hing. When he finished his prayer, we said, ` O Messenger of Allah, we heard you say somet hing in your prayer which we have never heard you say before, and we saw you st ret ching out your hand.' He said:

ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ ケ∃ ゅ∠ル ∇リョ͡ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠ヰゼ ͡ よ͡ ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ザ ∠ Β͡ヤ∇よま͡ ぶ ͡ や ｚヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ∩∃れやｚゲョ∠ ゐ ∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ∩∠マ∇レョ͡ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ヶ͡ヰ∇ィヱ∠ ヶ͡プ ゐ ∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ∩∇ゲカ ｚ ほ∠わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∩͡るョｚ ゅｚわャや ぶ ͡ や る͡ レ∠ ∇バヤ∠よ͡ マ ∠ レ⊥ バ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠レΒ͡カ∠ぺ り⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ゅ∠ャ∇ヲャ∠ ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ∩⊥ログ∠ カ ⊥ へ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ れ ∃ やｚゲョ∠ モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠Β∇らタ ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ょ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ボを∠ ヲ⊥ョ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タほ∠ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ ⊥ «る∠レΑ͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや (The enemy of Allah Iblis came wit h a flame of fire t o t hrow in my face, so I said, "I seek refuge wit h Allah from you'' t hree t imes, t hen I said, "I curse you wit h t he complet e curse of Allah,'' but he did not back off. I said it t hree t imes. Then I want ed t o seize him. By Allah, if it were not for t he words of our brot her Sulayman, he would have been chained up and he would have become a playt hing for t he children of t he people of Al-Madinah.)'' Allah says:

ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠カケ⊥ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ウ ∠ Αあゲャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲガ ｚジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ びゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ (So, We subj ect ed t o him t he wind; it blew gent ly by his order wherever he willed.) Al-Hasan Al-Basri, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "When Sulayman, peace be upon him, slaught ered t he horses out of anger for t he sake of Allah, Allah compensat ed him wit h somet hing bet t er and swift er, t he wind whose morning was a mont h's (j ourney), and it s aft ernoon was a mont h's (j ourney).''

び∠ゆゅ∠タぺ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ぴ (wherever he willed.) means, wherever in t he world he want ed.

びソ ∃ やｚヲビ ∠ ヱ∠ ￢∃ べｚレよ∠ ｚモミ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (And also t he Shayat in, from every kind of builder and diver,) means, among t hem were some whom he used t o build high rooms, images, basins as large as reservoirs, and cauldrons fixed (in t heir places), and ot her difficult t asks which humans were unable t o do. And t here was anot her group, who dived int o t he sea recovering pearls, j ewels and ot her precious t hings which cannot be found anywhere else.

び キ͡ ゅ∠ヘ∇タΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ルゲｚ ボ∠ ョ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (And also ot hers bound in fet t ers.) means, t ied up in chains. These were t he ones who had rebelled and refused t o work, or else t heir work was bad and t hey were wrongdoers.

びゆ ∃ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ∇マジ ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リレ⊥ ∇ョゅ∠プ ゅ∠ルぼ⊥ べ∠ト∠ハ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (ぴAllah said t o Sulaymanび: "This is Our Gift , so spend you or wit hhold, no account will be asked of you.'') means, ` t his t hat We have given t o you of kingship and perfect power, as you asked for, you may give t o whomsoever you wish and deny t o whomsoever you wish, and you will not be brought t o account . What ever you do is permissible for you, so however you j udge, it will be right .' It was report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat when t he Messenger of Allah was given t he choice bet ween being a servant and a Messenger -- who does what he is commanded t o do and dist ribut es t hings among t he people as Allah commands him t o do -- or being a Prophet and a king, who can give t o whomever he wishes and wit hhold from whomever he wishes wit hout being held account able for anyt hing, he chose t he former. He consult ed wit h Jibril, peace be upon him, who said, "Be humble.'' So he chose t he former because it has a great er value before Allah and brings a higher st at us in t he Hereaft er, even t hough t he second opt ion, prophet hood combined wit h kingship, is also a great t hing bot h in t his world and in t he Hereaft er, when Allah t ells us what He gave t o Sulayman, peace be upon him, in t his world, He t ells us t hat he will have a great share wit h Allah on t he Day of Resurrect ion. He says:

びゆ ∃ ゅ∠⇒ョ∠ リ ∠ ∇ジェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヘ∇ャゴ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ルギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, for him is a near access t o Us, and a good (final) ret urn.) meaning, in t his world and t he Hereaft er.

ヴ ∠ レ͡ ジ ｚ ョ∠ ヴあルぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ン∠キゅ∠ル ∇クま͡ ゆ ∠ ヲぁΑぺ∠ べ∠ル∠ギ∇ら∠ハ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ や∠グ⇒∠ワ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ィゲ͡ よ͡ ∇ヂミ⊥ ∇ケや - ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ∇ダレ⊥ よ͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや

∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らワ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ - ゆ ∀ や∠ゲセ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀キ͡ケゅ∠よ モ ∀ジ ∠ わ∠ ∇ピョ⊥ ∇グカ ⊥ ヱ∠ - ょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱｘΙ ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ ヱ∠ ゅｚレョあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョｚ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇ゑレ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ゆ͡ゲ∇ッゅ∠プ ゅ⇔ん∇ピッ ͡ ポ ∠ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ び ∀ゆやｚヱ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ギ⊥ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇バルあ や⇔ゲ͡よゅ∠タ (41. And remember Our servant Ayyub, when he invoked his Lord (saying): "Verily, Shayt an has afflict ed me wit h dist ress and t orment !'') (42. (Allah said t o him): "St rike t he ground wit h your foot . This is (a spring of) wat er t o wash in, cool and a drink.'') (43. And We gave him (back) his family, and along wit h t hem t he like t hereof, as a mercy from Us, and a reminder for t hose who underst and.) (44. "And t ake in your hand a bundle of t hin grass and st rike t herewit h (your wife), and break not your oat h.'' Truly, We found him pat ient . How excellent a servant ! Verily, he was ever oft -ret urning in repent ance (t o Us)!)

Ayyub Here Allah t ells us about His servant and Messenger Ayyub (Job) and how He t est ed him. These t est s afflict ed his body, his wealt h and his children, unt il t here was no part of his body t hat was healt hy except his heart . Then he had not hing left in t his world which he could use t o help him deal wit h his sickness or t he predicament he was in, besides his wife, who ret ained her devot ion t o him because of her fait h in Allah and His Messenger. She used t o work for people as a paid servant , and she fed and served him (Ayyub) for nearly eight een years. Before t hat , he was very rich and had many children, being well off in worldly t erms. All of t hat had been t aken away unt il he ended up being t hrown int o t he cit y dump where he st ayed all t his t ime, shunned by relat ives and st rangers alike, wit h t he except ion of his wife -- may Allah be pleased wit h her. She did not leave him, morning and evening, except for when she was serving people, t hen she would come st raight back t o him. When t his had gone on for a long t ime, and t hings had got t en very bad, and t he t ime allot t ed by divine decree had come t o an end, Ayyub prayed t o t he Lord of t he worlds, t he God of t he Messengers, and said:

び∠リΒ͡ヨェ ͡ やｚゲャや ユ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ゲぁ ツ ぁ ャや ヴ ∠ レ͡ ジ ｚ ョ∠ ヴあル∠ぺぴ (Verily, dist ress has seized me, and You are t he Most Merciful of all t hose who show mercy.) (21:83). And according t o t his Ayah:

ヴ ∠ レ͡ ジ ｚ ョ∠ ヴあルぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ン∠キゅ∠ル ∇クま͡ ゆ ∠ ヲぁΑぺ∠ べ∠ル∠ギ∇ら∠ハ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ びゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ∇ダレ⊥ よ͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや (And remember Our servant Ayyub, when he invoked his Lord (saying): "Verily, Shayt an has afflict ed me wit h dist ress and t orment !'') It was said t hat "dist ress'' referred t o bodily afflict ions and "t orment '' referred t o t he loss of his wealt h and children. Then t he Most Merciful of t hose

who show mercy responded t o him, t elling him t o st and up and st rike t he ground wit h his foot . He did t his, and Allah caused a spring of wat er t o flow. He commanded him t o wash in it , and all t he pain and afflict ion in his body disappeared. Then He commanded him t o st rike t he ground in a different place, and Allah caused anot her spring t o flow, and Ayyub was commanded t o drink from it . Then all his int ernal problems disappeared, and he became healt hy again, inside and out . Allah says:

びゆ ∀ や∠ゲセ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀キ͡ケゅ∠よ モ ∀ジ ∠ わ∠ ∇ピョ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ィゲ͡ よ͡ ∇ヂミ⊥ ∇ケやぴ (St rike t he ground wit h your foot . This is (a spring of) wat er t o wash in, cool and a (refreshing) drink.) Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ヮ͡ よ͡ ゑ ∠ ら͡ ャ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲぁΑぺ∠ ぶ ͡ やヶ ｚ ら͡ ル∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ょ ⊥ Α͡ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ツ ∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ∩⇔るレ∠ シ ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼハ ∠ ヶ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ヨを∠ ロ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅ∠ヤよ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ヮ͡ ル͡ や∠ヲ∇カま͡ ゾ あ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ルゅ∠ミ リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∩⊥ギΒ͡バら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ギ⊥ ∠ェ∠ぺ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩͡ラゅ∠ェヱ⊥ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ͡ や∠ヱギ⊥ ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ∠ルゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ら∠ ル∠ ∇クぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ ゆ ⊥ ヲぁΑぺ∠ ょ ∠ ル∠ ∇クぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ :ヮ͡ ら͡ ェ ͡ ゅ∠ダャ͡ ∨∠ポや∠ク ゅ∠ョヱ∠ :ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩∠リΒ͡ヨャ∠ゅ∠バ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ る⇔ レ∠ シ ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼハ ∠ ヶ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ヨを∠ グ⊥ ∇レョ⊥ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや ゲ͡ ら͡ ∇ダΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ェや∠ケ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ゅ∠ョ ブ ∠ ゼ ͡ ∇ムΒ∠ プ∠ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ⊥ ヲぁΑぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゲ∠ ミ∠ ク∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ∩⊥メヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヵ͡ケ∇キぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ :ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ハコ∠ ゅ∠レわ∠ Α∠ リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぁゲョ⊥ ぺ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ヶあルぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ あヘミ∠ ほ⊥プ∠ ヶ͡わ∇Βよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ノ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ∩ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ͡ や∠ゲミ⊥ ∇グΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ペェ ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅｚャま͡ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゲ∠ ミ∠ ∇グΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ る∠ Β∠ ワ͡ や∠ゲミ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠

ゅ∠ワゅ∠ツホ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ヮわ͡ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ェ ヴ∠ャま͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ :メ ∠ ゅホ∠ れ ∠ や∠ク ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∩∠ヒヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ろ ͡ ム∠ ジ ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヴ∠ェ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ほ∠ト ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲぁΑぺ∠ びゆ ∀ や∠ゲセ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀キ͡ケゅ∠よ モ ∀ジ ∠ わ∠ ∇ピョ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ィゲ͡ よ͡ ∇ヂミ⊥ ∇ケやぴ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ホほ∠プ∠ ∩⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ∇レ∠ゎ (ヮ⊥ ∇わボｚ ヤ∠わ∠ プ∠ ) ヮ⊥ ∇ゎほ∠ト ∠ ∇らわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ゅ∠ョ リ ͡ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠ョ ぶ ⊥ やょ ∠ ワ∠ ∇クぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ ∩∠マΒ͡プ ぶ ⊥ や ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠よ ∇ヵぺ∠ :∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ∇ゎぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∩∠ラゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や∠ヲプ∠ ∩ヴ∠ヤわ∠ ∇らヨ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グワ∠ ぶ ͡ やヶ ｚ ら͡ ル∠ ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ .ゅ⇔エΒ͡エタ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇クま͡ マ ∠ ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ∠ ら∠ ∇セぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ウ ͡ ∇ヨボ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ケ∀ ギ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ :ラ ͡ や∠ケギ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩∠ヲワ⊥ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ヶあルみ͡プ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠エシ ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゑ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ プ∠ ∩͡ゲΒ͡バゼ ｚ ヤ͡ャ ケ∀ ギ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ろビ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ∩͡ウ∇ヨボ∠ ∇ャや ケ͡ ギ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ や∠ギ∇ェま͡ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ケ͡ ギ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ヶ͡プ ン∠ゲ∇カほ⊥∇ャや ろ ͡ ビ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇プぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠チゅ∠プ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ょ ∠ ワ∠ グｚ ャや «チゅ∠プ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ゲ͡ Β͡バゼ ｚ ャや (Allah's Prophet Ayyub, peace be upon him, suff ered for eight een years from his afflict ion and was shunned by relat ives and st rangers alike, besides t wo men who were t he closest of his brot hers t o him. They used t o visit him every morning and every evening. One of t hem said t o his companion, "You know, by Allah, t hat Ayyub commit t ed a great sin which nobody in t he world ever commit t ed.'' His companion said, "Why are you saying t hat '' He said, "For eight een years he has been suffering and Allah has not had mercy on him and relieve his suffering.'' When he went t o him t he next morning, t he (second) man could not wait t o t ell t his t o Ayyub. Ayyub, peace be upon him, said, "I do not know what you are t alking about , but Allah knows if I

passed by t wo men who were arguing and t hey ment ioned t he Name of Allah, I would go back home and offer expiat ion lest t hey had ment ioned t he Name of Allah in an improper manner. '' Whenever he went out t o answer t he call of nat ure, when he finished, his wife would t ake his hand unt il he came back home. One day he t ook a long t ime, and Allah had revealed t o Ayyub, (St rike t he ground wit h your foot . This is (a spring of) wat er t o wash in, cool and a (refreshing) drink.) She t hought t hat he had t aken t oo long, so she t urned t o look at him, and saw t hat Allah had t aken away t he afflict ions he had been suff ering, and he looked bet t er t han he had ever looked. When she saw him, she said, "May Allah bless you! Have you seen Allah's Prophet , t he one who is sorely t est ed By Allah, I have never seen a man who looks more like him t han you, if he were healt hy.'' He said, "I am he.'' He had t wo t hreshing floors, one for wheat and one for barley. Allah sent t wo clouds, and when one of t hem reached t he t hreshing floor of t he wheat , it rained gold unt il it was full. The ot her rained gold on t he t hreshing floor of t he barley unt il it was full.) This is t he wording of Ibn Jarir, may Allah have mercy on him. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

∇リョ͡ ∀キや∠ゲ∠ィ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゲｚ カ ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠Α∇ゲハ ⊥ モ ⊥ジ ͡ わ∠ ∇ピΑ∠ ゆ ⊥ ヲぁΑぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ » ヶ͡プ ヲ⊥ん∇エΑ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ⊥ ヲぁΑぺ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ょ ∃ ワ∠ ク∠ ∇リミ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∩⊥ゆヲぁΑ∠ぺ ゅ∠Α モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ロ⊥ や∠キゅ∠レプ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ∇ヲを∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ :ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ゅｚヨ∠ハ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇Βレ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ «マ͡わミ∠ ゲ∠ よ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ヶ͡よ ヴレ͡ビ ゅ∠ャ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩あゆケ∠ ゅ∠Α (While Ayyub was bat hing naked, locust s of gold fell upon him. Ayyub, peace be upon him, began gat hering t hem in his garment . Then his Lord called t o him, "O Ayyub, have I not made you so rich t hat you have no need of what you see'' He, peace be upon him, said, "Yes, O Lord! But I cannot do wit hout Your blessing!'') This was only recorded by Al-Bukhari.

ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ ヱ∠ ゅｚレョあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らワ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱΙ ｘ (And We gave him (back) his family, and along wit h t hem t he like t hereof, as a mercy from Us, and a reminder for t hose who underst and.) Al-Hasan and Qat adah said, "Allah brought his family t hemselves back t o life, and added ot hers like t hem.''

びゅｚレョあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ぴ (as a mercy from Us,) means, in ret urn for his pat ience, st eadfast ness, repent ance, humilit y and const ant t urning t o Allah.

び͡ょ⇒∠ら∇ャΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱｘΙ ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and a reminder for t hose who underst and.) means, for t hose who underst and t hat t he consequence of pat ience is a solut ion and a way out .

び∇ゑレ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ゆ͡ゲ∇ッゅ∠プ ゅ⇔ん∇ピッ ͡ ポ ∠ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ∇グカ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t ake in your hand a bundle of t hin grass and st rike t herewit h (your wife), and break not your oat h.) Ayyub, peace be upon him, got angry wit h his wife and was upset about somet hing she had done, so he swore an oat h t hat if Allah healed him, he would st rike her wit h one hundred blows. When Allah healed him, how could her service, mercy, compassion and kindness be repaid wit h a beat ing So Allah showed him a way out , which was t o t ake a bundle of t hin grass, wit h one hundred st ems, and hit her wit h it once. Thus he fulfilled his oat h and avoided breaking his vow. This was t he solut ion and way out for one who had Taqwa of Allah and t urned t o Him in repent ance. Allah says:

び∀ゆやｚヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ギ⊥ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇バルあ や⇔ゲ͡よゅ∠タ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Truly, We found him pat ient . How excellent a servant ! Verily, he was ever oft -ret urning in repent ance (t o Us)!) Allah praised and commanded him, saying,

び∀ゆやｚヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ギ⊥ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇バル͡ ぴ (How excellent a servant ! Verily, he was ever oft -ret urning in repent ance (t o Us)!) Allah says:

∇ヱぺ∠ フ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ よ͡ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ムジ ͡ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠ィ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇ピヤ∠よ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ メ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ ンヱ∠ ク∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ フ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ よ͡ ｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥ホケ͡ ゅ∠プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ナ ⊥ハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ り∠ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ∠バ∇イΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ わｚ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ょ ⊥ ジ ͡ わ∠ ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇ホコ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ィ∠ゲ∇ガョ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ヒ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠よ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ び や⇔ケ∇ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ (And whosoever has Taqwa of Allah, He will make a way for him t o get out (from every difficult y). And He will provide him from (sources) he never could imagine. And whosoever put s his t rust in Allah, t hen He will suffice him. Verily, Allah will accomplish his purpose. Indeed Allah has set a measure for all t hings.) (65:2-3)

ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ べ∠ルキ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ る∃ ダ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ガよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇ダヤ∠∇カぺ∠ べｚル͡ま - ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ン͡ギ∇ΑΙ ｘや リ ∠ ∇Βヘ∠ ト ∠ ∇ダヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ギレ͡ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ケ͡ やｚギャや ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ モ ͡ ∇ヘム͡ ∇ャや や∠クヱ∠ ノ∠ ジ ∠ Β∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱ - ケ͡ ゅ∠Β∇カΙ ｘや び⊥ゲ∇ミク͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ケ͡ ゅ∠Β∇カΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョあ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ (45. And remember Our servant s, Ibrahim, Ishaq, and Ya` qub, Ulil-Aydi wal-Absar.) (46. Verily, We did choose t hem by grant ing t hem t he remembrance of t he Abode.) i(47. And t hey are wit h Us, verily, of t he chosen and t he best !) (48. And remember Isma` il, Al-Yasa` , and Dhul-Kifl, all are among t he best .) (49. This is a Reminder...)

The Chosen and the Best among the Prophets Allah t ells us about t he virt ues of His servant s t he Messengers and His Prophet s:

ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ べ∠ルキ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ び ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ン͡ギ∇ΑΙ ｘや (And remember Our servant s, Ibrahim, Ishaq, and Ya` qub, Ulil-Aydi wal-Absar.) meaning, right eous deeds, beneficial knowledge, st rengt h in worship and insight . ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said:

びン͡ギ∇ΑΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (Ulil-Aydi) "Of great st rengt h and worship;

び⊥ゲ⇒∠ダ∇よｘΙや∠ヱぴ (wal-Absar) means, underst anding of t he religion.'' Qat adah and As-Suddi said, "They were given st rengt h in worship and underst anding of t he religion.''

び ケ͡ やｚギャや ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ る∃ ダ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ガよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇ダヤ∠∇カぺ∠ べｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We did choose t hem by grant ing t hem t he remembrance of t he Abode.) Muj ahid said, "This means: We made t hem st rive for t he Hereaft er, and t here is not hing else for t hem besides

t hat .'' As-Suddi also said, "The remembrance of t he Hereaft er and st riving for it .'' Malik bin Dinar said, "Allah removed t he love of t his world from t heir heart s, and singled t hem out for land remembrance of t he Hereaft er.'' Qat adah said, "They used t o remind t he people about t he Abode of t he Hereaft er and t o st rive for it .''

び ケ͡ ゅ∠Β∇カΙ ｘやリ ∠ ∇Βヘ∠ ト ∠ ∇ダヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ルギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey are wit h Us, verily, of t he chosen and t he best !) means, t hey are among t hose who have been elect ed and chosen, and t hey are t he best and t he chosen ones.

リ ∠ ョあ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇ヘム͡ ∇ャや や∠クヱ∠ ノ∠ ジ ∠ Β∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ び ケ͡ ゅ∠Β∇カΙ ｘや (And remember Isma` il, Al-Yasa` , and Dhul-Kifl, all are among t he best .) We have already discussed t heir charact erist ics and st ories in det ail in Surat Al-Anbiya', may peace be upon t hem, and t here is no need t o repeat it here.

び⊥ゲ∇ミク͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (This is a Reminder) means, a reminder t o t hose who will be reminded. As-Suddi said, "This means t he Holy Qur'an.''

ろ ͡ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ - ゆ ∃ ゅ∠⇒ョ∠ リ ∠ ∇ジエ ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇ミ͡ク や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ゃム͡ わｚ ョ⊥ - ゆ ⊥ や∠ヲ∇よΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚャ る⇔ エ ∠ わｚ ヘ∠ ョぁ ラ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ れ ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ ͡ ⇒∠ホ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハヱ∠ - ゆ ∃ や∠ゲセ ∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ る∃ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠ヘよ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ョ や∠グ⇒∠ワ - ∀ゆや∠ゲ∇ゎ∠ぺ フ ͡ ∇ゲト ｚ ャや び キ∃ ゅ∠ヘルｚ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レホ⊥ ∇コゲ͡ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ (49. And verily, for t hose who have Taqwa is a good final ret urn. ) (50. ` Adn Paradise, whose doors will be opened for t hem.) (51. Therein t hey will recline; t herein t hey will call for fruit s in abundance and drinks;) (52. And beside t hem will be Qasirat -at -Tarf, (and) of equal ages.) (53. This it is what you are promised for t he Day of Reckoning!) (54. (It will be said t o t hem)! Verily, t his is Our provision which will never finish.)

The Final Return of the Blessed

Allah t ells us t hat His blessed, believing servant s will have a good final ret urn in t he Hereaft er, which means t heir ult imat e dest inat ion. Then He explains it furt her, as He says:

び∃ラ∇ギハ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ぴ (` Adn Gardens) meaning, et ernal gardens (of Paradise),

び⊥ゆや∠ヲ∇よΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚャ る⇔ エ ∠ わｚ ヘ∠ ョぁ ぴ (whose doors will be opened for t hem.) means, when t hey come t o t hem (t hese gardens), t heir gat es will open for t hem.

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ゃム͡ わｚ ョぁ ぴ (Therein t hey will recline;) It was said t hat t his means t hat t hey will sit cross-legged on chairs beneat h canopies.

び∃りゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ る∃ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠ヘよ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ぴ (t herein t hey will call for fruit s in abundance) means, what ever t hey ask for, t hey will find it , and it will be prepared j ust as t hey want ed it .

び∀ゆや∠ゲセ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and drinks;) means, what ever kind of drink t hey want , t he servant s will bring it t o t hem,

びリ ∃ Β͡バョｚ リあョ サ ∃ ∇ほミ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ Α͡ケゅ∠よぺ∠ヱ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠ヲ∇ミほ∠よ͡ ぴ (Wit h cups, and j ugs, and a glass of flowing wine.) (56: 18).

び͡フ∇ゲト ｚ ャや れ ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ ͡ ⇒∠ホ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハヱ∠ ぴ (And beside t hem will be Qasirat -at -Tarf (chast e females)) means, t hey rest rain t heir glances from anyone except t heir husbands, and do not t urn t o anyone else.

び∀ゆや∠ゲ∇ゎぺ∠ぴ ((and) of equal ages.) means, t hey will all be of t he same age. This is t he underst anding of Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Muhammad bin Ka` b and As-Suddi.

びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ョ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (This it is what you are promised for t he Day of Reckoning!) means, ` t his t hat We have ment ioned of t he feat ures of Paradise is what He has prepared for His pious servant s who will reach it aft er t hey have been resurrect ed from t heir graves and been saved from t he Fire.' Then Allah t ells us t hat Paradise will never come t o an end or disappear or cease t o be. He says:

び キ∃ ゅ∠ヘルｚ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レホ⊥ ∇コゲ͡ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t his is Our provision which will never finish.) This is like t he Ayat :

び∃ベゅ∠よ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ギ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ョぴ (What ever is wit h you, will be exhaust ed, and what ever is wit h Allah will remain) (16:96).

び∃クヱ⊥グ∇イョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠トハ ∠ぴ (a gift wit hout an end.) (11:108)

び∃ラヲ⊥レ∇ヨョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (for t hem is a reward t hat will never come t o an end.) (84:25).

ヴ∠ら∇ボハ ⊥ ヱｚ ∇やヲ∠ボゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ら∇ボハ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ヰヤぁニ ͡ ヱ͡ ∀ユ͡もへ∠キ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥ミ⊥ ぺ⊥ぴ び⊥ケゅｚレャや リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (it s provision is et ernal and so is it s shade; t his is t he end of t hose who have Taqwa, and t he end (final dest inat ion) of t he disbelievers is Fire.)(13:35). And t here are many similar Ayat .

ゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヲヤ∠∇ダΑ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ -ゆ ∃ ゅ∠⇒ョ∠ ゲｚ ゼ ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ピ⇒ｚトヤ͡ャ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ - ∀ベゅｚジビ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ - キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヨ͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョｚ ユ∀ エ ͡ わ∠ ∇ボョぁ ∀ァ∇ヲ∠プ や∠グ⇒∠ワ - ァ ∀ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ムセ ∠ リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ カ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇モよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヲ⊥ャゅ∠タ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ゅ⇔ら∠ェ∇ゲョ∠ Ι ∠

∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ケ⊥ や∠ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ プ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ョギｚ ホ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ゅ⇔ら∠ェ∇ゲョ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔ヘ∇バッ ͡ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ロ⊥ ∇キゴ͡ プ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ュ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ リ∠ョ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁギバ⊥ ル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ィケ͡ ン∠ゲル∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ろビ ∠ や∠コ ∇ュぺ∠ ゅ⇔Α∂ ゲ͡ ∇ガシ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ ぺ∠ - ケ͡ や∠ゲ∇セΙ ｘや び ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ユ⊥ タ ⊥ ゅ∠ガゎ∠ ペ ｘエ ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よΕ ∠や (55. This is so! And for t he Taghin will be an evil final ret urn.) (56. Hell! Where t hey will ent er it , and worst (indeed) is t hat place t o rest !) (57. This is so! Then let t hem t ast e it - Hamim and Ghassaq.) (58. And ot her of similar kind - all t oget her!) (59. This is a t roop ent ering wit h you (in Hell), no welcome for t hem! Verily, t hey shall ent er in t he Fire!) (60. (The followers will say t o t hose who misled): "Nay, you (t oo)! No welcome for you! It is you who brought t his upon us, so evil is t his place t o st ay in!'') (61. They will say: "Our Lord! Whoever brought t his upon us, add t o him a double t orment in t he Fire!'') (62. And t hey will say: "What is t he mat t er wit h us t hat we see not men whom we used t o count among t he bad ones'') (63. "Did we t ake t hem as an obj ect of mockery, or have (our) eyes failed t o perceive t hem'') (64. Verily, t hat is t he very t rut h -- t he mut ual disput e of t he people of t he Fire!)

The Final Return of the Doomed Having ment ioned t he final of t he blessed, Allah follows t hat wit h ment ion of t he final ret urn of t he doomed when t hey are resurrect ed and brought t o account . Allah says:

び∠リΒ͡ピ⇒ｚトヤ͡ャ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (This is so! And for t he Taghin), which refers t o t hose who disobey Allah, may He be glorified, and oppose t he Messengers of Allah, peace be upon t hem,

び∃ゆゅ∠⇒ョ∠ ゲｚ ゼ ∠ ャ∠ぴ (will be an evil final ret urn.) means, t he worst final ret urn. Then Allah explains it by saying,

びゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヲヤ∠∇ダΑ∠ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ぴ (Hell! Where t hey will ent er) means, t hey will ent er it and it will overwhelm t hem on all sides.

ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ - キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヨ͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ル∇ヲ∠ヤ∇ダ∠Α ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ぴ び ∀ベゅｚジビ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヨェ ∠ (and worst (indeed) is t hat place t o rest ! This is so! Then let t hem t ast e it -- Hamim and Ghassaq.) Hamim is somet hing t hat has been heat ed t o t he ult imat e degree, and Ghassaq is t he opposit e, somet hing t hat is so int ensely cold t hat it is unbearable. Allah says:

びァ ∀ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ムセ ∠ リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ カ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (And ot her of similar kind (oppasit e pairs) -- all t oget her!) means, and ot her t hings of t his kind, a t hing and it s opposit e, serving as punishment s. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, concerning t he Ayah:

びァ ∀ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ムセ ∠ リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ カ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (And ot her of similar kind -- all t oget her!) "Different kinds of punishment s.'' Ot hers said, such as int ense cold and int ense heat , and drinking Hamim and eat ing t he bit t er t ree of Az-Zaqqum, and being lift ed up and t hrown down, and ot her kinds of paired opposit es, all of which are means of punishment .

The Disputes of the People of Hell

ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヲ⊥ャゅ∠タ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ゅ⇔ら∠ェ∇ゲョ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョｚ ユ∀ エ ͡ わ∠ ∇ボョぁ ∀ァ∇ヲ∠プ び (This is a t roop ent ering wit h you (in Hell), no welcome for t hem! Verily, t hey shall ent er in t he Fire!) Here Allah t ells us what t he people of Hell will say t o one anot her. This is like t he Ayah:

びゅ∠ヰわ∠ ∇カぺ⊥ ∇ろレ∠ バ∠ ャｚ ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ (Every t ime a new nat ion ent ers, it curses it s sist er nat ion (t hat went before)) (7:38), which means, inst ead of greet ing one anot her, t hey will curse one anot her, accuse one anot her of being liars and rej ect one anot her. When a new group arrives, t he keepers of Hell will say,

ヲ⊥ャゅ∠タ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ゅ⇔ら∠ェ∇ゲョ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョｚ ユ∀ エ ͡ わ∠ ∇ボョぁ ∀ァ∇ヲ∠プ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ び ケ͡ ゅｚレャや

(This is a t roop ent ering wit h you (in Hell), no welcome for t hem! Verily, t hey shall ent er in t he Fire!) meaning, because t hey are of t he people of Hell.

び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ゅ⇔ら∠ェ∇ゲョ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇モよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (Nay, you (t oo)! No welcome for you!) means, t hose who are coming in will say,

びゅ∠レャ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ョギｚ ホ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ゅ⇔ら∠ェ∇ゲョ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, you (t oo)! No welcome for you! It is you who brought t his upon us,) meaning, ` you called us t o t hat which led us t o t his fat e.'

び⊥ケや∠ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ プ∠ ぴ (so evil is t his place t o st ay in!) means, evil is t his abode and t his dest inat ion.

ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔ヘ∇バッ ͡ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ロ⊥ ∇キゴ͡ プ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ュ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ リ∠ョ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ び ケ͡ ゅｚレャや (They will say: "Our Lord! Whoever brought t his upon us, add t o him a double t orment in t he Fire!''). This is like t he Ayah,

ゅ∠ルヲぁヤッ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャヱｙΙ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホぴ ∀ブ∇バ͡ッ ｙモム⊥ ャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ヘ∇バッ ͡ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ (The last of t hem will say t o t he first of t hem: "Our Lord! These misled us, so give t hem a double t orment of t he Fire.'' He will say: "For each one t here is double (t orment ), but you know not .'') (7:38), which means t hat each of t hem will be punished as he deserves.

リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁギバ⊥ ル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ィケ͡ ン∠ゲル∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ろビ ∠ や∠コ ∇ュぺ∠ ゅ⇔Α∂ ゲ͡ ∇ガシ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ ぺ∠ - ケ͡ や∠ゲ∇セΙ ｘや び ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よΕ ∠や

(And t hey will say: "What is t he mat t er wit h us t hat we see not men whom we used t o count among t he bad ones Did we t ake t hem as an obj ect of mockery, or have (our) eyes failed t o perceive t hem'') Here Allah t ells us t hat when t hey are in Hell, t he disbelievers will not ice t hat t hey do not see people who t hey t hought were misguided, while t hey t hought of t hemselves as believers. They will say, ` why do we not see t hem wit h us in t he Fire' Muj ahid said, "This is what Abu Jahl will say; he will say, ` what is t he mat t er wit h me t hat I do not see Bilal and ` Ammar and Suhayb and so-and-so...' This is an example; all t he disbelievers are like t his, t hey t hink t hat t he believers will go t o Hell, so when t he disbelievers ent er Hell, t hey will wonder why t hey do not see t hem t here, and t hey will say,

リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁギバ⊥ ル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ィケ͡ ン∠ゲル∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゅ∠ョぴ び⇔ゅΑ∂ ゲ͡ ∇ガシ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ ぺ∠ケ͡ や∠ゲ∇セΙ ｘや (What is t he mat t er wit h us t hat we see not men whom we used t o count among t he bad ones Did we t ake t hem as an obj ect of mockery,) means, in t his world,

び⊥ゲ⇒∠ダ∇よΕ ∠ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ろビ ∠ や∠コ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (or have (our) eyes failed t o perceive t hem) means, t hey will t ry t o console t hemselves wit h t his wishful t hinking, so t hey will say, perhaps t hey are here in Hell wit h us, but we have not laid eyes on t hem. Then t hey will find out t hat t hey (t he believers) are in t he loft y levels of Paradise, as Allah says:

∇ギホ∠ ラ∠ぺ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ン∠キゅ∠ルヱ∠ ぴ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚョ ユぁゎギ∠ィヱ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ゅ６ボェ ∠ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠ルギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ∇バｚャ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∀ラクあ ∠ぽョ⊥ ラ ∠ クｚ ほ∠プ∠ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ６ボェ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ び ∠リΒ͡ヨ͡ヤ⇒ｚヌャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (And t he dwellers of Paradise will call out t o t he dwellers of t he Fire (saying): "We have indeed found t rue what our Lord had promised us; have you also found t rue what your Lord promised (warned)'' They shall say: "Yes.'' Then a crier will proclaim bet ween t hem: "The curse of Allah is on t he wrongdoers.'') unt il:

び∠ラヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Ι ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キやぴ (Ent er Paradise, no fear shall be on you, nor shall you grieve.) (7:44-49)

び ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ユ⊥ タ ⊥ ゅ∠ガゎ∠ ペ ｘエ ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ

(Verily, t hat is t he very t rut h -- t he mut ual disput e of t he people of t he Fire!) means, ` t his t hat We have t old you, O Muhammad, about t he disput e among t he people of Hell and t heir cursing one anot her, is t rue and t here is no doubt concerning it .'

ギ⊥ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∀ケ͡グレ⊥ョ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ - ケ⊥ ゅｚヰボ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ほ∀ら∠ ル∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ - ケ⊥ ゅｚヘピ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ｘやΘ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヴ ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョ⊥ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α ラ͡ま - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ∇クま͡ び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ (65. Say: "I am only a warner and t here is no God (wort hy of worship) except Allah t he One, t he Irresist ible,'') (66. "The Lord of t he heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is bet ween t hem, t he Almight y, t he Oft -Forgiving.'') (67. Say: "That is a great news,'') (68. "From which you t urn away!'') (69. "I had no knowledge of t he chiefs (angels) on high when t hey were disput ing and discussing.'') (70. "Only t his has been revealed t o me, t hat I am a plain warner.'')

The Message of the Messenger is a Great News Allah t ells His Messenger t o say t o t hose who disbelieved in Allah, associat ed ot hers in worship wit h Him and denied His Messenger: ` I am a warner, I am not as you claim.'

び⊥ケゅｚヰボ∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ∃ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and t here is no God (wort hy of worship) except Allah, t he One, t he Irresist ible,) means, He Alone has subj ugat ed and cont rolled everyt hing.

びゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ぁ ケｚ ぴ (The Lord of t he heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is bet ween t hem,) means, He is t he Sovereign of all t hat and is in cont rol of it .

び⊥ケゅｚヘピ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャやぴ (t he Almight y, t he Oft -Forgiving.) means, He is Oft -Forgiving as well as being Almight y and AllPowerful.

び ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ほ∀ら∠ ル∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "That (t his Qur'an) is a great news,'') means, ` somet hing very import ant , which is t hat Allah has sent me t o you.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺぴ (From which you t urn away!) means, ` you neglect it .'

∇クま͡ ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ｘや Θ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヴ ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ (I had no knowledge of t he chiefs (angels) on high when t hey were disput ing and discussing. ) meaning, ` were it not for t he divine revelat ion, how could I have known about t he disput e of t he chiefs on high (t he angels)' This refers t o t heir disput e concerning Adam, peace be upon him, and how Iblis refused t o prost rat e t o him and argued wit h his Lord because He preferred him (Adam) over him. This is what Allah says:

リ ∃ Β͡デ リあョ ⇔やゲ∠ゼ∠よ ∀ペ͡ヤ⇒∠カ ヴあルま͡ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バボ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡ェヱぁケ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ろ ⊥ ∇ガヘ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Αｚヲシ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ザ ∠ Β͡ヤ∇よま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ イ ∠ジ ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ギイ ͡ ⇒∠シ マ ∠ バ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ザ ⊥ Β͡ヤ∇よみ͡Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ∇ュぺ∠ れ ∠ ∇ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ン ｚ ギ∠ Β∠ よ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡ャ ギ∠ イ ⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚル リ͡ョ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Β͡ヤ⇒∠バ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ィ∠ケ マ ∠ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇カゅ∠プ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ ∃ Β͡デ リ͡ョ ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ͡ル∇ゲヌ ͡ ル∠ほプ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ ͡ Αあギャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ͡わレ∠ ∇バャ∠ ろ ͡ ∇ホヲ∠ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ルｚ み͡プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Α∠ ヲ͡ ∇ビΕ マ ∠ ゎ͡ ゴｚ バ͡ ら͡ プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ュ͡ ヲ⊥ヤ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャや

メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Β͡ダヤ∠∇ガヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ポ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ びリ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ バ∠ ら͡ ゎ∠ リｚヨョ͡ ヱ∠ マ ∠ レ͡ョ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚΚ ∂ ∇ョΙ ∂ (71. (Remember) when your Lord said t o t he angels: "Truly, I am going t o creat e man from clay.'') (72. "So, when I have fashioned him and breat hed int o him (his) soul creat ed by Me, t hen you fall down prost rat e t o him.'') (73. So, t he angels prost rat ed t hemselves, all of t hem,) (74. Except Iblis, he was proud and was one of t he disbelievers.) (75. (Allah) said: "O Iblis! What prevent s you from prost rat ing yourself t o one whom I have creat ed wit h Bot h My Hands. Are you t oo proud or are you one of t he high exalt ed'') (76. ぴIblisび said: "I am bet t er t han he. You creat ed me from fire, and You creat ed him from clay.'') (77. (Allah) said: "Then get out from here; for verily, you are out cast .'') (78. "And verily, My curse is on you t ill t he Day of Recompense.'') (79. ぴIblisび said: "My Lord! Give me t hen respit e t ill t he Day t he (dead) are resurrect ed.'') (80. (Allah) said: "Verily, you are of t hose allowed respit e,'') (81. "Till t he Day of t he t ime appoint ed.'') (82. ぴIblisび said: "By Your might , t hen I will surely mislead t hem all,'') (83. "Except Your t rue servant s amongst t hem.'') (84. (Allah) said: "The t rut h is -- t he t rut h I say - '') (85. "That I will fill Hell wit h you and t hose of t hem (mankind) t hat follow you, t oget her.'')

The Story of Adam and Iblis Allah ment ions t his st ory in Surat Al-Baqarah, at t he beginning of Surat Al-A` raf, in Surat AlHij r, Al-Isra', Al-Kahf and here. Before creat ing Adam, peace be upon him, Allah t old t he angels t hat He was going t o creat e a human being from sounding clay of alt ered smoot h black mud. He t old t hem t hat when He finished creat ing and forming him, t hey were t o prost rat e t o him as a sign of honor and respect , and out of obedience t o t he command of Allah, may He be exalt ed. All of t he angels obeyed t his command except for Iblis, who was not one of t hem. He was one of t he Jinn, and his nat ure bet rayed him at his t ime of great est need. He refused t o prost rat e t o Adam, and he disput ed wit h his Lord about him, claiming t hat he was bet t er t han Adam, because he was creat ed from fire while Adam was creat ed from clay, and fire was bet t er t han clay, or so he said. He made a mist ake by doing t his, and he went against t he command of Allah, t hus commit t ing t he sin of disbelief. So Allah exiled him, humiliat ed him, and cast him out of His mercy and His sacred Presence, and called him "Iblis'' symbolizing t hat he had Ablasa min Ar-Rahmah (despaired of mercy) -- t hat t here was no hope for him of mercy. He cast him down from t he heavens, disgraced and rej ect ed, t o t he eart h. Iblis asked Allah t o give him a reprieve unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, so t he Forbearing One, Who does not hast en t o punish t hose who disobey Him, gave him a reprieve. When he knew t hat he was safe from dest ruct ion unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, he rebelled and t ransgressed.

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ポ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ Ι ｚ み͡レ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Α∠ ヲ͡ ∇ビΕ マ ∠ ゎ͡ ゴｚ バ͡ ら͡ プ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ダヤ∠∇ガヨ⊥ ∇ャや (ぴIblisび said: "By Your might , t hen I will surely mislead t hem all, except Your t rue servant s amongst t hem.'') This is like t he Ayat :

ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ゲカ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ョゲｚ ミ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ワ マ ∠ わ∠ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び⇔ΚΒ͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ｚΑあケク⊥ リ ｚ ム∠ レ͡ わ∠ ∇ェΕ ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ (ぴIblisび said: "See t his one whom You have honored above me, if You give me respit e unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, I will surely seize and mislead his offspring all but a few!'') (17:62). These few are t he ones who are except ed in anot her Ayah, which is:

マ ∠ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ∀リ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ン͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ (Verily, My servant s -- you have no aut horit y over t hem. And All-Sufficient is your Lord as a Guardian.) (17:65)

びメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びリ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ バ∠ ら͡ ゎ∠ リｚヨョ͡ ヱ∠ マ ∠ レ͡ョ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚΚ ∂ ∇ョΙ ∂ぴ ((Allah) said: "The t rut h is -- and t he t rut h I say t hat I will fill Hell wit h you and t hose of t hem (mankind) t hat follow you, t oget her.'') Some of t hem, including Muj ahid, read t his as meaning, "I am t he Trut h and t he t rut h I say.'' According t o anot her report narrat ed from Muj ahid, it means, "The t rut h is from Me and I speak t he t rut h.'' Ot hers, such as As-Suddi, int erpret ed it as being an oat h sworn by Allah. This Ayah is like t he Ayat :

る͡ レｚイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚΖ ∠ ∇ョΙ ∂ ヴ∇レョ͡ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ペ ｚェ ∠ ∇リム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ び∠リΒ͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ (but t he Word from Me t ook effect , t hat I will fill Hell wit h Jinn and mankind t oget her.) (32:13), and

∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ バ∠ ら͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ょワ∠ ∇クや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥プヲｚョ ￢⇔ や∠ゴィ ∠ ((Allah) said: "Go, and whosoever of t hem follows you, surely, Hell will be t he recompense of you (all) - an ample recompense.) (17:63).

リ ∠ ョ͡ べ∠ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠∇シぺ∠ べ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ リ ｚ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあ ∀ゲ∇ミ͡ク Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヘヤあム∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや びリ ͡ Β͡ェ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ロ⊥ ほ∠ら∠ ル∠ (86. Say: "No wage do I ask of you for t his, nor am I one of t he Mut akallifin.'') (87. "It is only a Reminder for all t he creat ures.'') (88. "And you shall cert ainly know t he t rut h of it aft er a while.'') Allah says: ` Say, O Muhammad, t o t hese idolat ors: I do not ask you t o give me any reward from t he goods of t his world in ret urn for t he Message which I convey t o you and t he sincere advice I offer.'

び∠リΒ͡ヘヤあム∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ べ∠ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (nor am I one of t he Mut akallifin.) means, ` and I do not add anyt hing t o t hat which Allah has t old me. What ever I am commanded t o do, I do it , and I do not add anyt hing or t ake anyt hing away. By doing t his I am seeking t he Face of Allah and t he Hereaft er.' Sufyan At h-Thawri, narrat ed from Al-A` mash and Mansur from Abu Ad-Duha t hat Masruq said, "We went t o ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud, may Allah be pleased wit h him. He said, ` O people! Whoever knows a t hing should say it , and whoever does not know should say, ` Allah knows best .''' It is part of knowledge, when one does not know, t o say "Allah knows best .'' For Allah said t o your Prophet :

リ ∠ ョ͡ べ∠ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠∇シぺ∠ べ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヘヤあム∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Say: "No wage do I ask of you for t his, nor am I one of t he Mut akallifin.'') This was report ed by Al-Bukhari and Muslim.

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあ ∀ゲ∇ミ͡ク Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ぴ (It is only a Reminder for all t he creat ures.) means, t he Qur'an is a reminder for all t hose who are held account able, men and Jinn. This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him. This Ayah is like t he Ayat :

び∠ヒヤ∠よ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ルｘΙぴ (t hat I may t herewit h warn you and whomsoever it may reach) (6:19), and

び⊥ロギ⊥ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャゅ∠プ ゆ ͡ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (but t hose of t he sect s t hat rej ect it , t he Fire will be t heir promised meet ing place) (11:17).

びロ⊥ ほ∠ら∠ ル∠ リ ｚ ヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And you shall cert ainly know t he t rut h of it ) means, ` you will see confirmat ion t hat what he says is t rue.'

び͡リΒ͡ェ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ぴ (aft er a while.) means, soon. Qat adah said, "Aft er deat h. ` Ikrimah said, "It means, on t he Day of Resurrect ion.'' There is no cont radict ion bet ween t he t wo views, because whoever dies comes under t he rulings of t he Day of Resurrect ion. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surah Sad. All praise and grat it ude is due t o Allah, and Allah may He be glorified and exalt ed, knows best .

The Tafsir of Surat Az-Zumar (Chapter - 39) Which was revealed in Makkah The Virtues of Surat Az-Zumar An-Nasa'i recorded t hat ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said, "The Messenger of Allah used t o fast unt il we would say, ` He does not want t o break fast ,' and he would not fast unt il we would say, ` He does not want t o fast .' And he used t o recit e Bani Isra'il ぴAl-Isra'び and AzZumar every night .''

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

べｚル͡ま - ユ͡ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ Α͡ゴレゎ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ゅ⇔ダ͡ヤ∇ガョ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ͡ ら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グ∠ガゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゾ ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠ガ∇ャや リ ⊥ Αあギャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ - リ ͡ Αあギャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠ルヲ⊥よあゲボ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ∠ヘ∇ャコ⊥ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ヲャｚ - ∀ケゅｚヘ⇒∠ミ ∀ゆ͡グ⇒∠ミ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡

￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヴ∠ヘト ∠ ∇タΙ ｚ や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや び ケ⊥ ゅｚヰボ∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ (1. The revelat ion of t his Book is from Allah, t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.) (2. Verily, We have sent down t he Book t o you in t rut h. So, worship Allah by doing religious deeds sincerely for Him only.) (3. Surely, t he religion is for Allah only. And t hose who t ake prot ect ors besides Him (say): "We worship t hem only t hat t hey may bring us near t o Allah.'' Verily, Allah will j udge bet ween t hem concerning t hat wherein t hey differ. Truly, Allah guides not him who is a liar, and a disbeliever.) (4. Had Allah willed t o t ake a son, He could have chosen whom He willed out of t hose whom He creat ed. But glory be t o Him! He is Allah, t he One, t he Irresist ible.)

The Order for Tawhid and the Refutation of Shirk Allah t ells us t hat t he revelat ion of t his Book, which is t he magnificent Qur'an, is from Him, and is t rut h in which t here is no doubt what soever. This is like t he Ayat :

ゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや ヮ͡ よ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ モ ⊥ Α͡ゴレ∠わャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ジヤ͡よ͡ - リ ∠ Α͡ケグ͡ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ -リ ⊥ Β͡ョΙ ｘや びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ヴ ｙ よ͡ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ (And t ruly, t his is a revelat ion from t he Lord of t he creat ures, which t he t rust wort hy Ruh (Jibril) has brought down upon your heart t hat you may be (one) of t he warners, in t he plain Arabic language.) (26:192-195)

∀ょ⇒∠わム͡ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ミグあ ャゅ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ∇リョ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ⊥ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ｚ - ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ び ギ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ユ∃ Β͡ムェ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀モΑ͡ゴレ∠ゎ ヮ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ (And verily, it is a might y Book. Falsehood cannot come t o it from before it or behind it , (it is) sent down by t he All-Wise, Wort hy of all praise.) (40: 41,42) And Allah says here:

び͡ゴΑ͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ Α͡ゴレ∠ゎぴ (The revelat ion of t his Book is from Allah, t he Almight y,) meaning, t he Almight y, All-Powerful.

び⊥ユΒ͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (t he All-Wise.) meaning, in all t hat He says, does, legislat es and decrees.

ゅ⇔ダ͡ヤ∇ガョ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ͡ ら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ べｚルま͡ぴ びリ ͡ Αあギャや ヮ⊥ ｚャ (Verily, We have sent down t he Book t o you in t rut h. So, worship Allah by doing religious deeds sincerely for Him only.) means, so worship Allah Alone wit h no part ner or associat e, and call mankind t o t hat , and t each t hem t hat it is not right t o worship anyone or anyt hing except Him Alone, and He has no part ner, equal or rival. Allah says:

び⊥ゾャ͡ゅ∠ガ∇ャや リ ⊥ Αあギャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Surely, t he religion is for Allah only.) meaning, He will not accept any deed unless it is done purely and sincerely for Him Alone, wit h no part ner or associat e. Then Allah t ells us t hat t he idolat ors say:

びヴ∠ヘ∇ャコ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠ルヲ⊥よゲあ ボ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (We worship t hem only t hat t hey may bring us near t o Allah.) meaning what mot ivat es t hem t o worship t hem is t he fact t hat t hey made t heir idols in t he image of t he angels -- or so t hey claim -- and when t hey worship t hose images it is like worshipping t he angels, so t hat t hey will int ercede wit h Allah for t hem t o help and give t hem provision and ot her worldly needs. As far as t he resurrect ion is concerned, t hey denied it and did not believe in it . Qat adah, As-Suddi and Malik said, narrat ing from Zayd bin Aslam and Ibn Zayd:

びヴ∠ヘ∇ャコ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠ルヲ⊥よゲあ ボ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (only t hat t hey may bring us near t o Allah. ) means, "So t hat t hey may int ercede for us and bring us closer t o Him.'' During Jahiliyyah, t hey used t o recit e t he following for t heir Talbiyah when t hey performed Haj j ; "At Your service, You have no part ner except t he part ner You have; he and all t hat he owns belong t o You.'' This pret ent ious argument which t he idolat ors of all t imes, ancient and modern, used as evidence is what t he Messengers, may t he blessings and peace of Allah be upon t hem all, came t o refut e and forbid, and t o call people t o worship Allah Alone wit h no part ner or associat e. This is somet hing t hat t he idolat ors t hemselves invent ed; Allah did not give t hem permission for it , nor does He approve of it ; indeed, He hat es it and forbids it .

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∠れヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚト∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ

(And verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming): "Worship Allah, and avoid Taghut .'') (16:36)

ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥ル Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ (And We did not send any Messenger before you but We revealed t o him (saying): "None has t he right t o be worshipped but I (Allah), so worship Me.'') (21:25) And Allah t ells us t hat t he angels in t he heavens, t hose who are close t o Him and ot hers, are all servant s who submit humbly t o Allah. They do not int ercede wit h Him except by His leave for t he one wit h whom He is pleased. They are not like t he princes and minist ers of t heir (t he idolat ors') kings who int ercede wit h t hem wit hout t heir permission for bot h t hose whom t he kings like and t hose whom t hey hat e.

び∠メゅ∠ん∇ョΙ ｘ や ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ツゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So put not forward similit udes for Allah) (16:74). Exalt ed be Allah far above t hat .

び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah will j udge bet ween t hem) means, on t he Day of Resurrect ion,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ヮ͡ Βプ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡プぴ (concerning t hat wherein t hey differ.) means, He will j udge bet ween His creat ion on t he Day of Resurrect ion and will reward or punish each person according t o his deeds.

￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワぺ∠ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠レΒぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ユ⊥ワゲ⊥ ん∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚイ ͡ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇モよ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ (And (remember) t he Day when He will gat her t hem all t oget her, t hen He will say t o t he angels: "Was it you t hat t hese people used t o worship'' They (t he angels) will say: "Glorified be You! You are our Wali (Lord) inst ead of t hem. Nay, but t hey used t o worship t he Jinn; most of t hem were believers in t hem.'') (34:40-41)

び∀ケゅｚヘ⇒∠ミ ∀ゆ͡グ⇒∠ミ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, Allah guides not him who is a liar, and a disbeliever.) means, He will not show t rue guidance t o one who deliberat ely t ells lies about Allah and whose heart rej ect s t he signs and proof of Allah. Then Allah st at es t hat He does not have any offspring, as t he ignorant idolat ors claim t he angels t o be, and as t he st ubborn Jews and Christ ians claim ` Uzayr and ` Isa t o be. Allah, may He be blessed and exalt ed, says:

ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヴヘ∠ ト ∠ ∇タΙ ｚ や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ヲャｚぴ び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ (Had Allah willed t o t ake a son (or offspring), He could have chosen whom He willed out of t hose whom He creat ed.) meaning, t he mat t er would not have been as t hey claim. This is a condit ional sent ence which does not imply t hat t his happened or t hat it is permit t ed; indeed, it is impossible. The aim is only t o point out t he ignorance of t heir claims. It is like t he Ayat :

ゅｚレミ⊥ ラ͡ま べｚルギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ Ι ｚ や⇔ヲ∇ヰャ∠ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ ルｚ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ル∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヤバ͡ ⇒∠プ (Had We int ended t o t ake a past ime, We could surely have t aken it from Us, if We were going t o do (t hat ).) (21:17)

びリ ∠ Α͡ギら͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ほ∠プ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "If t he Most Gracious had a son, t hen I am t he first of worshippers.'') (43:81) All of t hese Ayat are condit ional, and it is permissible t o form a condit ional sent ence referring t o somet hing t hat is impossible if it serves t he purposes of t he speaker.

び⊥ケゅｚヰボ∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ (But glory be t o Him! He is Allah, t he One, t he Irresist ible.) means, exalt ed and sanct ified be He above t he idea t hat He could have any offspring, for He is t he One, t he Only, t he Unique, t he Self-Sufficient Mast er t o Whom everyt hing is enslaved and is in need of. He is t he One Who is independent of all else, Who has subj ugat ed all t hings and t hey submit humbly t o Him. Blessed and exalt ed be He far above what t he wrongdoers and deniers say.

モ ∠ ⇒∇Βャｚや ケ⊥ あヲム∠ Α⊥ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ぴ ゲ∠ ⇒ｚガシ ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒ｚレャや ケ⊥ あヲム∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ⇒∠ヰレｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠

Ι∠ぺ ヴ６ヨ⇒∠ジョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ィΙ ６ ン͡ゲ∇イΑ∠ モ ｘ ⇒⊥ミ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ｚユを⊥ り∃ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘルｚ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ - ケ⊥ ゅｚヘピ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ る∠ Β∠ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨを∠ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ィ∇ヱ∠コ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇ユ⇒⊥ムわ͡ ⇒∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ボ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ァ ∃ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ Ιマ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ゑ ∃ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ペ ∃ ∇ヤカ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲ∠ ∇ダゎ⊥ ヴｚルほ∠プ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ (5. He has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h wit h t rut h. He makes t he night t o go in t he day and makes t he day t o go in t he night . And He has subj ect ed t he sun and t he moon. Each running for an appoint ed t erm. Verily, He is t he Almight y, t he Oft -Forgiving.) (6. He creat ed you (all) from a single person; t hen made from him his wife. And He has sent down for you of An` am eight pairs. He creat es you in t he wombs of your mot hers, creat ion aft er creat ion in t hree veils of darkness. Such is Allah your Lord. His is t he kingdom. La ilaha illa Huwa. How t hen are you t urned away)

Evidence of the Power and Oneness of Allah Allah t ells us t hat He is t he Creat or of what is in t he heavens and on eart h, and what is bet ween t hem. He is t he Sovereign and Cont roller alt ernat ing t he night and day.

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒ｚレャや ケ⊥ あヲム∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ⇒∠ヰレｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∠ ⇒∇Βャｚや ケ⊥ あヲム∠ Α⊥ ぴ び͡モ∇Βャｚや (He makes t he night t o go in t he day and makes t he day t o go in t he night .) means, He has subj ugat ed t hem and He causes t hem t o alt ernat e wit hout ceasing, each seeking t he ot her rapidly, as He says:

びゅ⇔んΒ͡んェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ヤ⊥∇トΑ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ヴ͡ゼ∇ピΑ⊥ ぴ (He brings t he night as a cover over t he day, seeking it rapidly) (7:54). This is t he meaning of t hat which was narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Muj ahid, Qat adah, As-Suddi and ot hers.

モ ∃ィ ∠Ε ∠ ン͡ゲ∇イΑ∠ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びヴ⇒６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ (And He has subj ect ed t he sun and t he moon. Each running for an appoint ed t erm.) means, for a period of t ime t hat is known t o Allah, t hen it will come t o an end on t he Day of Resurrect ion.

び⊥ケゅｚヘピ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι∠ぺぴ (Verily, He is t he Almight y, t he Oft -Forgiving.) means, beside His might , great ness and pride, He is Oft -Forgiving t o t hose who disobey Him but t hen t urn t o Him in repent ance.

び∃りギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘルｚ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ぴ (He creat ed you (all) from a single person;) means, He creat ed you, wit h all your varied races, t ypes, languages and colors, from a single soul, who was Adam, peace be upon him.

びゅ∠ヰィ ∠ ∇ヱコ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen made from him his wife.) who was Hawwa', peace be upon her. This is like t he Ayah:

ザ ∃ ∇ヘルｚ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚよケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ィケ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゑ ｚ よ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ィ∇ヱ∠コ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ び⇔￢べ∠ジル͡ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ (O mankind! Have Taqwa of your Lord, Who creat ed you from a single person, and from him He creat ed his wife, and from t hem bot h He creat ed many men and women) (4:1).

び∃ァヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ る∠ Β∠ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨを∠ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And He has sent down for you of cat t le eight pairs.) means, He has creat ed for you from among t he cat t les, eight pairs. These are t he ones t hat are ment ioned in Surat Al-An` am, eight kinds -- a pair of sheep, a pair of goat s, a pair of camels and a pair of oxen.

び∇ユ⇒⊥ムわ͡ ⇒∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ボ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ぴ (He creat es you in t he wombs of your mot hers,) means, He forms you in your mot hers' wombs.

び∃ペ∇ヤカ ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠ぴ (creat ion aft er creat ion). Everyone of you is originally a Nut fah, t hen he becomes an ` Alaqah, t hen he becomes a Mudghah, t hen he is creat ed and becomes flesh and bones and nerves and veins, and t he Ruh (soul) is breat hed int o him, and he becomes anot her t ype of creat ion.

び∠リΒ͡ボヤ͡⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らわ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So Blessed is Allah, t he Best of creat ors) (23:14).

び∃ゑ⇒∠ヤを∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ ヴ͡プぴ (in t hree veils of darkness) means, in t he darkness of t he womb, t he darkness of t he placent a which blanket s and prot ect s t he child, and t he darkness of t he belly. This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Abu Malik, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd.

び∇ユム⊥ ⇒ぁよケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ⇒⊥ムャ͡ク∠ ぴ (Such is Allah your Lord.) means, t he One Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h and everyt hing in bet ween, and creat ed you and your forefat hers, is t he Lord. To Him belong sovereignt y and cont rol over all of t hat .

び∠ヲワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ぴ (La ilaha illa Huwa.) means, no one else should be worshipped except Him alone wit h no part ner or associat e.

び∠ラヲ⊥プゲ∠ ∇ダゎ⊥ ヴｚルほ∠プ∠ ぴ (How t hen are you t urned away) means, how can you worship anyt hing besides Him What has happened t o your minds

ヴ∠ッ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ヴ ｘ レ͡ ビ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ ケ⊥ ゴ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ッ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ャ͡ ∇ユ⇒⊥ムバ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョｚ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ユｚ を⊥ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ケ∠ ∇コヱ͡ り∀ ケ∠ コ͡ や∠ヱ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユ⇒⊥ムゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ Β⊥ プ∠

ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゅ⇔らΒ͡レョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ゅ∠ハキ∠ ゲｘ ッ ⊥ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ザ ｚ ョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ヴ ∠ジ ͡ ル∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲｚ カ ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ノわｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ モ ｚ ͡ツΒ⊥ ャあ や⇔キや∠ギル∠ぺ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ び ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ よ͡ (7. If you disbelieve, t hen verily, Allah is not in need of you; He likes not disbelief for His servant s. And if you are grat eful, He is pleased t herewit h for you. No bearer of burdens shall bear t he burden of anot her. Then t o your Lord is your ret urn, and He will inform you what you used t o do. Verily, He is t he All-Knower of t hat which is in breast s.) (8. And when some hurt t ouches man, he cries t o his Lord, t urning t o Him in repent ance. But when He best ows a favor upon him from Himself, he forget s t hat for which he cried for before, and he set s up rivals t o Allah, in order t o mislead ot hers from His pat h. Say: "Take pleasure in your disbelief for a while, surely, you are (one) of t he dwellers of t he Fire!'')

Allah hates Disbelief and is pleased with Gratitude Allah t ells us t hat He is Independent and has no need of anyt hing in creat ion. This is like t he Ayah in which Musa, peace be upon him, says:

ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ び∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ヴ ｘ レ͡ ピ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ("If you disbelieve, you and all on eart h t oget her, t hen verily, Allah is Rich, Owner of all praise.'') (14:8). In Sahih Muslim, it says:

∇ユム⊥ レｚ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ルま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡ へ∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅ∠Α» マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゾ ∠ ボ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ょ ͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ゲ͡ イ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ «ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヶ͡ム∇ヤョ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ("O My servant s, if t he first and t he last of you, men and Jinn alike, were all t o be as evil as t he most evil man among you, t hat would not diminish from My sovereignt y in t he least .'')

び∠ゲ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ャ͡ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (He likes not disbelief for His servant s.) means, He does not like it and He does not enj oin it .

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ッ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if you are grat eful, He is pleased t herewit h for you.) means: He likes t his for you and He will increase His favor upon you.

びン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ケ∠ ∇コヱ͡ り∀ ケ∠ コ͡ や∠ヱ ケ⊥ ゴ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (No bearer of burdens shall bear t he burden of anot her. ) means, no person can bear anyt hing for anot her; each person will be asked about his own affairs.

∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユ⇒⊥ムゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ∇ユ⇒⊥ムバ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョｚ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び͡ケヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ (Then t o your Lord is your ret urn, and He will inform you what you used t o do. Verily, He is t he All-Knower of t hat which is in breast s.) means, not hing what soever is hidden from Him.

It is an aspect of Man's Disbelief that He remembers Allah at times of difficulty then associates others with Him after He has been relieved of His Distress

び͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゅ⇔らΒ͡レョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ゅ∠ハキ∠ ゲｘ ッ ⊥ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ザ ｚ ョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when some hurt t ouches man, he cries t o his Lord, t urning t o Him in repent ance.) means, at t imes of need, he prays t o Allah and seeks His help alone, not associat ing anyt hing wit h Him. This is like t he Ayah:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ リ∠ョ モ ｚッ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゲぁ ツ ぁ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚジョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ッゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚイル∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ロ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ Ι ∠ ま͡ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘミ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡や (And when harm t ouches you upon t he sea, t hose t hat you call upon vanish from you except Him. But when He brings you safe t o land, you t urn away. And man is ever ungrat eful.) (17:67). Allah says:

ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ヴ ∠ジ ͡ ル∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲｚ カ ∠ や∠クま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び⊥モ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ (But when He best ows a favor upon him from Himself, he forget s t hat for which he cried for before,) means, at t he t ime of ease, he forget s t hat supplicat ion and prayer. This is like t he Ayah:

や⇔ギハ ͡ ゅ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ レ∠イャ͡ ゅ∠ルゅ∠ハキ∠ ゲぁ ツ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ザ ｚ ョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ べ∠レハ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ∠ほミ∠ ゲｚ ョ∠ ロ⊥ ｚゲッ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヘゼ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ヨも͡ べ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ び⊥ヮジ ｚ ョｚ ｙゲッ ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ (And when harm t ouches man, he invokes Us, lying on his side, or sit t ing or st anding. But when We have removed his harm from him, he passes on as if he had never invoked Us for a harm t hat t ouched him!) (10:12).

び͡ヮ͡ヤΒ͡ら∠シ リ∠ハ モ ｚ ͡ツΒ⊥ ャあ や⇔キや∠ギル∠ぺ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and he set s up rivals t o Allah, in order t o mislead ot hers from His pat h.) means, at t imes of ease, he associat es ot hers in worship wit h Allah and set s up rivals t o Him.

び͡ケゅｚレャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ よ͡ ∇ノわｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Take pleasure in your disbelief for a while, surely, you are (one) of t he dwellers of t he Fire!'') means, say t o t hose whose way t his is, ` enj oy your disbelief for a while!' This is a st ern t hreat and solemn warning, as in t he Ayat :

び͡ケゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ Β͡ダョ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Enj oy! But cert ainly, your dest inat ion is t he Fire!'') (14:30).

びナ ∃ Β͡ヤビ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲぁ ト ∠ ∇ツル∠ ｚユを⊥ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ あわヨ∠ ル⊥ ぴ (We let t hem enj oy for a lit t le while, t hen in t he end We shall oblige t hem t o (ent er) a great t orment .) (31:24)

ケ⊥ グ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ͡もべ∠ホヱ∠ や⇔ギ͡イ⇒∠シ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ￢∠ べ∠ルや∠￢ ∀ろ͡ルゅ∠ホ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リョｚ ぺ∠ぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ∇モワ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや ヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ⊥ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ リ ∠ Αグ͡ ャｚや∠ヱ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α びょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΙ ｘや (9. Is one who is obedient t o Allah, Ana'a Al-Layl prost rat ing and st anding fearing t he Hereaft er and hoping for t he mercy of his Lord Say: "Are t hose who know equal t o t hose who know not '' It is only men of underst anding who will remember.)

The Obedient and the Sinner are not equal Allah says, ` is t he one who is like t his equal t o one who associat es ot hers in worship wit h Allah and set s up rivals t o Him' They are not equal before Allah, as He says:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ も͡ べ∠ホ ∀るョｚ ぺ⊥ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ￢⇔ へ∠ヲシ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ジ∇Βャ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ￢∠ べ∠ルや∠￢ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ (Not all of t hem are alike; a part y of t he People of t he Script ure st and for t he right , t hey recit e t he Ayat of Allah Ana'a Al-Layl, prost rat ing t hemselves (in prayer).) (3:113). And Allah says here:

び⇔ゅヨ͡もべ∠ホヱ∠ や⇔ギ͡イ⇒∠シ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ￢∠ べ∠ルや∠￢ ∀ろ͡ルゅ∠ホ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リョｚ ぺ∠ぴ (Is one who is obedient t o Allah, Ana'a Al-Layl prost rat ing and st anding) meaning, one who is humble and fears Allah when he prost rat es and st ands (in prayer). It was report ed t hat Ibn Mas` ud, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "The obedient one is one who obeys Allah and His Messenger .'' Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Al-Hasan, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd said, Ana'a Al-Layl means in t he dept hs of t he night .

び͡ヮよあ ケ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ケ⊥ グ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぴ (fearing t he Hereaft er and hoping for t he mercy of his Lord.) means, in his worship he feels bot h fear and hope. Bot h are essent ial in worship, and fear should be st ronger during one's lifet ime. Allah says:

び͡ヮよあ ケ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ケ⊥ グ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぴ

(fearing t he Hereaft er and hoping for t he mercy of his Lord. ) At t he t ime of deat h, hope is uppermost , as Imam ` Abd bin Humayd recorded in his Musnad from Anas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, who said, "The Messenger of Allah ent ered upon a man who was dying, and said t o him,

«∨∠ポギ⊥ イ ͡ ゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ » (How do you feel) He said, ` I am bot h afraid and hopeful.' The Messenger of Allah said:

リ ͡デ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや や∠グワ∠ モ ͡ ∇んョ͡ ヶ͡プ ギ∃ ∇らハ ∠ ょ ͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ͡ ゅ∠バヨ͡ わ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» ヵ͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ レ∠ ョｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ロ⊥ ゅ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ «ヮ⊥プゅ∠ガΑ∠ (These do not co-exist in a person's heart at t imes such as t his, but Allah will give him what he hopes for and prot ect him from t hat which he fears.)'' This was recorded by At -Tirmidhi, AnNasa'i in Al-Yawm wal-Laylah, and Ibn Maj ah from t he Hadit h of Yasar bin Hat im from Ja` far bin Sulayman. At -Tirmidhi said, "Gharib.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Tamim Ad-Dari, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

«る∠ヤ∇Βャ∠ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥レホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ る∃ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ヶ͡プ る∃ Α∠ へ る͡ も∠ ゅ͡ヨよ͡ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ホ∠ ∇リョ∠ » (Whoever recit es one hundred Ayat in one night , it will be recorded as if he prayed all night .) This was also recorded by An-Nasa'i in Al-Yawm wal-Laylah.

Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ∇モワ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ (Say: "Are t hose who know equal t o t hose who know not '') means, is t his one equal wit h t he one who set s up rivals t o Allah t o mislead (men) from His pat h

び͡ょ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ ∠ や ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ⊥ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (It is only men of underst anding who will remember. ) means, t he only one who will underst and t he difference bet ween t hem is t he one who has underst anding. And Allah knows best .

∇やヲ⊥レジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ る∀ バ∠ シ ͡ や∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや チ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ る∀ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プ

ヴあルま͡ ∇モホ⊥ - ゆ ∃ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや ヴｚプヲ∠ Α⊥ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Αあギャや ヮ⊥ ｚャ ゅ⇔ダ͡ヤ∇ガョ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラΙ ６ (10. Say: "O My servant s who believe, have Taqwa of your Lord. Good is for t hose who do good in t his world, and Allah's eart h is spacious! Only t hose who are pat ient shall receive t heir reward in full, wit hout reckoning.'') (11. Say: "Verily, I am commanded t o worship Allah, making religion sincerely for Him.'') (12. "And I am commanded (t his) in order t hat I may be t he first of t he Muslims.'')

The Command for Taqwa, Emigration and to worship Him alone with all Sincerity Allah commands His believing servant s t o remain st eadfast in t heir obedience and have Taqwa of Him.

∇やヲ⊥レジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び∀るレ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プ (Say: "O My servant s who believe, have Taqwa of your Lord. Good is for t hose who do good in t his world...'') means, t he one who does good deeds in t his world, will have a good (reward) in t his world and in t he Hereaft er.

び∀るバ∠ シ ͡ や∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや チ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and Allah's eart h is spacious!) Muj ahid said, "So emigrat e t hrough it and st rive hard and keep away from idols.''

び∃ゆゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや ヴｚプヲ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (Only t hose who are pat ient shall receive t heir reward in full, wit hout reckoning.) Al-` Awza` i said, "Their reward will not be weighed or measured; t hey will be given an immense reward.'' As-Suddi said:

び∃ゆゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや ヴｚプヲ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (Only t hose who are pat ient shall receive t heir reward in full, wit hout reckoning.) means, "In Paradise.''

びリ ∠ Αあギャや ヮ⊥ ｚャ ゅ⇔ダ͡ヤ∇ガョ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ ヴあルま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Verily, I am commanded t o worship Allah, making religion sincerely for Him...'') means, ` I am commanded t o worship Allah alone in all sincerit y, wit h no part ner or associat e.'

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラΙ ６ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (And I am commanded (t his) in order t hat I may be t he first of t he Muslims.)

ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βダ ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ラま͡ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び ヴ͡レΑ͡キ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ゅ⇔ダ͡ヤ∇ガョ⊥ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ (13. Say: "Verily, if I disobey my Lord, I am af raid of t he t orment of a great Day.'') (14. Say: "Allah Alone I worship by doing religious deeds sincerely for His sake only.'') (15. "So, worship what you like besides Him.'' Say: "The losers are t hose who will lose t hemselves and t heir families on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Verily, t hat will be a manifest loss!'') (16. They shall have coverings of Fire, above t hem and covering (of Fire) beneat h t hem. Wit h t his Allah fright ens His servant s: "O My servant s, t herefore have Taqwa of Me!'')

Creating Fear of the Punishment of Allah Allah ` says, say O Muhammad, even t hough you are t he Messenger of Allah:'

び∃ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βダ ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ラま͡ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ (Verily, if I disobey my Lord, I am afraid of t he t orment of a great Day.) meaning t he Day of Resurrect ion. This is a condit ional sent ence, and if what is referred t o here applies t o t he Prophet , it applies even more so t o ot hers,

∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ヴ͡レΑ͡キ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ゅ⇔ダ͡ヤ∇ガョ⊥ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ び͡ヮル͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ (Say: "Allah Alone I worship by doing religious deeds sincerely for His sake only. So, worship what you like besides Him.'') This is also a t hreat , and a disowning of t hem.

び∠リΑ͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "The losers...'') means, t he great est losers of all,

び͡るヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲジ ͡カ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (are t hose who will lose t hemselves and t heir families on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) means, t hey will be separat ed and will never meet again, whet her t heir families have gone t o Paradise and t hey have gone t o Hell, or all of t hem have gone t o Hell, t hey will never meet or feel happiness again.

び⊥リΒ͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ⊥ や∠ゲ∇ジガ ⊥ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Verily, t hat will be a manifest loss!) means, t his is t he clearest and most obvious loss. Then He describes t heir st at e in t he Fire:

び∀モヤ∠ニ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀モ∠ヤニ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (They shall have coverings of Fire, above t hem and covering (of Fire) beneat h t hem.) This is like t he Ayat :

マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ス ∃ や∠ヲビ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ∀キゅ∠ヰョ͡ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ (Theirs will be a bed of Hell (Fire), and over t hem coverings (of Hell-fire). Thus do We recompense t he wrongdoers) (7:41)

ろ ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョ ゆ ⊥ や∠グ∠バ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥ク メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ (On t he Day when t he t orment (Hell-fire) shall cover t hem from above t hem and from underneat h t heir feet , and it will be said: "Tast e what you used t o do.'') (29:55)

び⊥ロキ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや フ ⊥ あヲガ ∠ Α⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (Wit h t his Allah fright ens His servant s:) means, Allah t ells us about t his, which will undoubt edly come t o pass, t o fright en His servant s, so t hat t hey will keep away from unlawful t hings and from sin.

び͡ラヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ Αぴ (O My servant s, t herefore have Taqwa of Me!) means, ` fear My wrat h, My anger, My punishment and My vengeance.'

∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ れ ∠ ヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚトャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇ゲゼ あ ら∠ プ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ゼら⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ⇒∠Βプ∠ メ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ∠ラヲ⊥バ͡ヨ∠わ∇ジ∠Α びょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΙ ｘ や ヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ や∠ギワ∠ (17. Those who avoid At -Taghut by not worshipping t hem and t urn t o Allah, for t hem are glad t idings; so announce t he good news t o My servant s.) (18. Those who list en t o t he Word and follow t he best t hereof, t hose are (t he ones) whom Allah has guided and t hose are men of underst anding.)

Good News for the Righteous ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, narrating from his father:

びゅ∠ワヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ れ ∠ ヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚトャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (Those who avoid At -Taghut by not worshipping t hem) was revealed concerning Zayd bin ` Amr bin Nufayl and Abu Dharr and Salman Al-Farisi, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem. The correct view is t hat it includes t hem and all ot hers who avoided worshipping idols and t urned t o t he worship of Ar-Rahman. These are t he people for whom t here is good news in t his world and in t he Hereaft er. Then Allah says:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ⇒∠Βプ∠ メ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇ゲゼ あ ら∠ プ∠ ぴ び⊥ヮレ∠ ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ (so announce t he good news t o My servant s -- t hose who list en t o t he Word and follow t he best t hereof,) meaning, t hose who underst and it and act in accordance wit h it . This is like t he Words of Allah, may He be exalt ed, t o Musa, peace be upon him, when He gave him t he Tawrah:

びゅ∠ヰレ͡ ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ マ ∠ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ゲョ⊥ ∇ぺヱ∠ り∃ ヲｚ ボ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ワ∇グガ ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (Hold unt o t hese wit h firmness, and enj oin your people t o t ake t he bet t er t herein) (7:145).

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ や∠ギワ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ

(t hose are whom Allah has guided) means, t hose who are described in t his manner are t he ones whom Allah has guided in t his world and t he Hereaft er.

び͡ょ⇒∠ら∇ャΙ ｘ や ヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hose are men of underst anding.) means, t hey possess sound reasoning and an upright nat ure.

ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ グ⊥ ボ͡ レ⊥ゎ ろ ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ぺ∠ ͡ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ｚェ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ リあョ ∀フ∠ゲビ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ∠ボゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ͡ ム͡ ⇒∠ャ - ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀るΒｚ レ͡ ∇らョｚ ∀フ∠ゲビ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ び キ∠ ゅ∠バΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ブ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ガΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ (19. Is, t hen one against whom t he Word of punishment is j ust ified (equal t o t he one who avoids evil) Will you rescue him who is in t he Fire) (20. But t hose who have Taqwa of t heir Lord, for t hem are built loft y rooms, one above anot her under which rivers flow. (This is) t he promise of Allah, and Allah does not fail in (His) promise.) Allah says, ` if He has decreed t hat someone is t o be doomed, can you save him from his misguidance and doom' Which means, no one can guide him apart from Allah, because whomever Allah leaves ast ray cannot be guided, and whomever He guides cannot be led ast ray. Then Allah t ells us t hat His blessed servant s will have loft y rooms in Paradise.

び∀るΒｚ レ͡ ∇らョｚ ∀フ∠ゲビ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ͡ホ∇ヲ∠プ リあョぴ (are built loft y rooms, one above anot her), st ory upon st ory, solidly-const ruct ed, adorned and high. ` Abdullah bin Al-Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Ali, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

∩ゅ∠ワケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰル⊥ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ン∠ゲΑ⊥ ゅ⇔プゲ∠ ピ⊥ ャ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡» «ゅ∠ヰ͡ルヲ⊥トよ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ワケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ヱ∠ (In Paradise t here are rooms whose inside can be seen from t he out side, and t he out side can be seen from t he inside.) A bedouin asked, ` Who are t hey for, O Messenger of Allah' He said,

ヴｚヤタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ュゅ∠バト ｚ ャや ユ∠ バ∠ ∇デぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ュゅ∠ヤム∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡» «ュゅ∠Βル͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャゅ͡よ

(For t hose who speak kindly, feed t he hungry and st and in prayer at night whilst t he people are sleeping.)'' This was also recorded by At -Tirmidhi, who said, "Hasan Gharib''. Imam Ahmad recorded from Sahl bin Sa` d, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ る͡ プ∠ ∇ゲピ⊥ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ∇ヱ￢∠ や∠ゲわ∠ Β∠ ャ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» «￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ͡ プ⊥ ぺ⊥ ヶ͡プ ょ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ヲム∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇ヱ￢∠ や∠ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ (The people of Paradise will look t owards each ot her in raised places of Paradise as you look t owards t he st ars on t he horizons of t he sky.) He said, "I t old An-Nu` man bin Abi ` Ayyash about t hat , and he said, ` I heard Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased wit h him, narrat e it :

ヶ あ ホ͡ ∇ゲゼ ｚ ャや ペ ͡ プ⊥ ほ⊥∇ャや ヶ͡プ ヵ͡グャｚや ょ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ヲム∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇ヱ￢∠ や∠ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ » «ヶ͡よ∇ゲピ∠ ∇ャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ (As you see t he st ars on t he horizon of t he east or t he west .)''' It was also recorded in t he Two Sahihs. Imam Ahmad said, "Fazarah narrat ed t o us; Fulayh narrat ed t o us; from Hilal bin ` Ali, from ` At a' bin Yasar, from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ∇ヱ￢∠ や∠ゲわ∠ Β∠ ャ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ゆ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ピ∇ャや ヵ ｚ ケあ ギぁ ャや ょ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ヲム∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇ヱ￢∠ や∠ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∩͡フゲ∠ ピ⊥ ∇ャや «れゅ∠ィケ∠ ギｚ ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ͡ッ ⊥ ゅ∠ヘゎ∠ ヶ͡プ ∩͡ノ͡ャゅｚトャや ペ ͡ プ⊥ ほ⊥∇ャや ヶ͡プ (The people of Paradise will look t owards each ot her in t he raised places of Paradise as you look at t he high, bright st ars which remain on t he horizon. Such will be t he difference in superiorit y which some of t hem have over ot hers.) They said, "O Messenger of Allah, are t hose t he abodes of t he Prophet s'' He said:

ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ やヲ⊥レョ∠ へ ∀ュや∠ヲ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∩ヴ∠ヤよ∠ » «モ⊥シゲぁ ャや やヲ⊥ホギｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ (No, by t he One in Whose Hand is my soul, t hey are t he abodes of people who believed in Allah and in t he Messengers.) It was also recorded by At -Tirmidhi, who said, "Hasan Sahih.''

び⊥ゲ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΕ ∠ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ぴ (under which rivers flow.) means, t he rivers flow wherever t he people want t hem t o flow.

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ((This is) t he promise of Allah,) means, ` all t hat We have ment ioned here is what Allah has promised t o His believing servant s.'

び∠キゅ∠バΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ブ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ガΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (and Allah does not fail in (His) promise.)

ヮ⊥ ム∠ ヤ∠ジ ∠ プ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ゅ⇔ヘ͡ヤわ∠ ∇ガョぁ ゅ⇔ハ∇ケコ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ノ∠ Β͡よゅ∠レΑ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠トェ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ や⇔ゲ∂ ⇒∠ヘ∇ダョ⊥ ロ⊥ や∠ゲわ∠ ⇒∠プ ア ⊥ Β⇒͡ヰΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ル⊥ や∠ヲ∇ャぺ∠ ゥ ∠ ゲ∠ セ ∠ リ∠ヨ∠プ∠ぺ - ょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱΙ ｘ ン∠ゲ∇ミグ͡ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ モ ∀ ∇Αヲ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ ケ∃ ヲ⊥ル ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ユ͡ ⇒∠ヤ∇シΘ ͡ ャ͡ ロ⊥ ケ∠ ∇ギタ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ る͡ Β∠ ジ ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ヤャあ びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ (21. See you not t hat Allah sends down wat er from t he sky, and causes it t o penet rat e t he eart h, as wat er springs, and aft erward t hereby produces crops of different colors, and aft erward t hey wit her and you see t hem t urn yellow; t hen He makes t hem dry and broken pieces. Verily, in t his is a reminder for men of underst anding.) (22. Is he whose breast Allah has opened t o Islam, so t hat he is in light from his Lord So, woe t o t hose whose heart s are hardened against remembrance of Allah! They are in plain error!)

The Parable of the Life of this World Allah t ells us t hat wat er originat es in t he sky. This is like t he Ayah:

び⇔やケヲ⊥ヰデ ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (and We send down pure wat er from t he sky) (25:48). So, Allah sends down wat er from t he sky, and it set t les in t he eart h, t hen He causes it t o flow wherever He wills, and He causes springs, great and small, t o flow as needed. Allah says:

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ノ∠ Β͡よゅ∠レΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ム∠ ヤ∠ジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and causes it t o penet rat e t he eart h, as wat er springs,) Sa` id bin Jubayr and ` Amir Ash-Sha` bi said t hat all t he wat er on eart h has it s origins in t he sky. Sa` id bin Jubayr said, it s origins lie in t he snow, meaning t hat snow piles up in t he mount ains, t hen set t les at t he bot t om (of t he mount ains) and springs flow from t he bot t om of t hem.

び⊥ヮル⊥ や∠ヲ∇ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ͡ヤわ∠ ∇ガョぁ ゅ⇔ハ∇ケコ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and aft erward t hereby produces crops of different colors) means, t hen from t he wat er which comes down from t he sky or flows from springs in t he eart h, He brings fort h crops of different colors, i.e., different kinds of forms, t ast es, scent s, bencfit s, et c.

び⊥アΒ⇒͡ヰΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and aft erward t hey wit her) means, aft er t hey have been ripe and fresh, t hey become old and you see t hem t urn yellow when t hey have dried out .

び⇔ゅヨ⇒∠トェ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen He makes t hem dry and broken pieces.) means, t hen t hey become brit t le.

び͡ょ⇒∠ら∇ャΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱｘΙ ン∠ゲ∇ミグ͡ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t his is a reminder for men of underst anding.) means, t hose who are reminded by t his and who learn t he lesson from it , t hat t his world is like t his -- it is green and fresh and beaut iful, t hen it will become old and ugly. The young man will become a weak, senile old man, and aft er all of t hat comes deat h. The blessed one is t he one whose st at e aft er deat h will be good. Allah oft en likens t he life of t his world t o t he way He sends down wat er from t he sky and crops and fruit s grow t hereby, t hen t hey become dry and brit t le. This is like t he Ayah:

ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャ∠ゴ∇ル∠ぺ ￢∃ べ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ん∠ ョｚ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ∇ゆゲ͡ ∇ッや∠ヱぴ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや れ ⊥ ゅ∠らル∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ テ ∠ ヤ∠わ∠ ∇カゅ∠プ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゥ ⊥ ゅΑあゲャや ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ケ∇グゎ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ゼワ∠ び や⇔ケギ͡ わ∠ ∇ボョぁ (And put forward t o t hem t he example of t he life of t his world: it is like t he wat er (rain) which We send down from t he sky, and t he veget at ion of t he eart h mingles wit h it , and becomes

fresh and green. But (lat er) it becomes dry and broken pieces, which t he winds scat t er. And Allah is able t o do everyt hing) (18:45)

The People of Truth and the People of Misguidance are not Equal

ケ∃ ヲ⊥ル ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ͡ユ⇒∠ヤ∇シ͡Θ͡ャ ロ⊥ ケ∠ ∇ギタ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゥ ∠ ゲ∠ セ ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び͡ヮよあ ケｚ リあョ (Is he whose breast Allah has opened t o Islam, so t hat he is in light from his Lord) means, is t his person equal t o t he one who is hard-heart ed and far from t he t rut h This is like t he Ayah:

ヶ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠Β∇ェ∠ほ∠プ ゅ⇔わ∇Βョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ｚョ リ∠ヨミ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ よ͡ び∠マャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ァ ∃ ケ͡ ゅ∠ガよ͡ (Is he who was dead and We gave him life and set for him a light (i.e. Belief) whereby he can walk amongst men -- like him who is in t he darkness (i.e., disbelief) from which he can never come out ) (6:122) Allah says:

び͡ヮヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ る͡ Β∠ ジ ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ヤャあ モ ∀ ∇Αヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, woe t o t hose whose heart s are hardened against remembrance of Allah!) meaning, t hey do not become soft when Allah is ment ioned, and t hey do not feel humilit y or fear, and t hey do not underst and.

び∃リΒ͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (They are in plain error!).

ヶ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠んョｚ ゅ⇔ヰ͡ら⇒∠ゼわ∠ ョぁ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ゑ ͡ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ リ ⊥ Β͡ヤゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤィ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲぁ バ͡ ゼ ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ン∠ギワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤィ ⊥

∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ び キ∃ ゅ∠ワ (23. Allah has sent down t he Best St at ement , a Book, it s part s resembling each ot her, (and) oft -repeat ed. The skins of t hose who fear t heir Lord shiver from it . Then t heir skin and t heir heart soft en t o t he remembrance of Allah. That is t he guidance of Allah. He guides t herewit h whom He wills; and whomever Allah sends ast ray, for him t here is no guide.)

The Description of the Qur'an Here Allah praises His Book, t he Noble Qur'an, which was revealed t o His noble Messenger . Allah says,

び∠ヶル͡ ゅ∠んョｚ ゅ⇔ヰ͡ら⇒∠ゼわ∠ ョぁ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ゑ ͡ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (Allah has sent down t he Best St at ement , a Book, it s part s resembling each ot her (and) oft repeat ed.) Muj ahid said, "This means t hat t he ent ire Qur'an's part s resemble each ot her and are oft -repeat ed.'' Qat adah said, "One Ayah resembles anot her and one let t er resembles anot her.'' Ad-Dahhak said, "It is oft -repeat ed so t hat people will underst and what t heir Lord t ells t hem.'' ` Ikrimah and Al-Hasan said, "There may be an Ayah in one Surah, and anot her Ayah in anot her Surah t hat resembles it .'' Sa` id bin Jubayr narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him: "Oft -repeat ed means t hat part s of t he Qur'an resemble one anot her and repeat one anot her.'' Some of t he scholars said t hat it was narrat ed from Sufyan bin ` Uyaynah t hat

び∠ヶル͡ ゅ∠んョｚ ゅ⇔ヰ͡ら⇒∠ゼわ∠ ョぁ ぴ (it s part s resembling each ot her (and) oft -repeat ed.) means t hat some passages of t he Qur'an may somet imes refer t o one t hing, so t hey resemble one anot her, and somet imes t hey ment ion a t hing and it s opposit e. Such as when t he believers t hen t he disbelievers are ment ioned, or when Paradise t hen Hell are described, and so on, and t his is t he meaning of oft -repeat ed. Examples include t he Ayat :

び ユ∃ Β͡エィ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚイヘ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡バル∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ケ∠ や∠ゲ∇よΙ ｘやラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he most right eous will be in delight ; and verily, t he most wicked will be in t he blazing Fire (Hell).) (82:13-14)

びリ ∃ Βあイシ ͡ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚイヘ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay! Truly, t he Record of t he most wicked is (preserved) in Sij j in) unt il

びリ ∠ ΒあΒヤあハ ͡ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ケ͡ や∠ゲ∇よΙ ｘやょ ∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay! Verily, t he Record of t he most right eous is (preserved) in ` Illiyyin) (83: 7-18)

びゆ ∃ ゅ∠⇒ョ∠ リ ∠ ∇ジエ ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇ミ͡ク や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (This is a Reminder. And verily, for t hose who have Taqwa is a good final ret urn (Paradise)) unt il;

びゆ ∃ ゅ∠⇒ョ∠ ゲｚ ゼ ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ピ⇒ｚトヤ͡ャ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (This is so! And for t hose who t ransgress, t here will be an evil final ret urn (Fire).) (38:49-55). And t here are ot her similar passages. All of t his has t o do wit h it being oft -repeat ed, i.e., when t wo meanings are referred t o. But when a passage is about one t hing, wit h some part s of it resembling ot hers, t his is "it s part s resembling each ot her.'' This is not t he same as t he Mut ashabihat ment ioned in t he Ayah:

ゲ⊥ カ ∠ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ぁュぺ⊥ ｚリワ⊥ ろ ∀ ⇒∠ヨム∠ ∇エョぁ ∀ろ⇒∠Αへ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ぴ び∀ろ⇒∠ヰら͡ ⇒∠ゼわ∠ ョ⊥ (In it are Ayat t hat are ent irely clear, t hey are t he foundat ions of t he Book; and ot hers not ent irely clear) (3:7). t hat refers t o somet hing else alt oget her.

リ ⊥ Β͡ヤゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤィ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲぁ バ͡ ゼ ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤィ ⊥ (The skins of t hose who fear t heir Lord shiver from it . Then t heir skin and t heir heart soft en t o t he remembrance of Allah.) means, t his is t he descript ion of t he right eous, when t hey hear t he Words of t he Compeller, t he Prot ect or, t he Almight y, t he Oft -Forgiving, because t hey underst and t he promises and warnings cont ained t herein. The fright ening words and t hreat s make t heir skin shiver from fear.

び͡ヮヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤィ ⊥ リ ⊥ Β͡ヤゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then t heir skin and t heir heart soft en t o t he remembrance of Allah.) because of t heir hope for His mercy and kindness. They are unlike ot hers, t he wicked, immoral sinners, in a number of ways: First They list en t o t he recit at ion of t he Ayat ぴof t he Qur'anび, while t hose (sinners) list en t o poet ic verse recit ed by female singers. Second When t he Ayat of Ar-Rahman are recit ed t o t hem, t hey fall down in prost rat ion weeping, wit h t he proper at t it ude of fear, hope, love, underst anding and knowledge, as Allah says:

∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ミ͡ ク⊥ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ や∠コ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろΒ∠ ヤ͡ゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ゅ⇔ボ∂ ェ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ び ∀ユΑ͡ゲ∠ミ ベ ∀ ∇コケ͡ ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∀ろ⇒∠ィ∠ケ∠キ (The believers are only t hose who, when Allah is ment ioned, feel a fear in t heir heart s and when His Ayat are recit ed unt o t hem, t hey increase t heir fait h; and t hey put t heir t rust in t heir Lord; Who perform t he Salah and spend out of t hat We have provided t hem. It is t hey who are t he believers in it . For t hem are grades of dignit y wit h t heir Lord, and forgiveness and a generous provision (i.e., Paradise).) (8:2-4),

ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヱぁゲガ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミあ ク⊥ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び ゅ⇔ルゅ∠Β∇ヨハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∂ タ ⊥ (And t hose who, when t hey are reminded of t he Ayat of t heir Lord, fall not on t hem (as if t hey were) deaf and blind) (25:73). When t hey hear t he Ayat of Allah, t hey are not t oo busy t o pay at t ent ion t o t hem; t hey list en t o t hem and underst and t heir meanings. So t hey act upon t hem and prost rat e when t hey hear t hem, out of underst anding, not out of ignorance and blind following of ot hers. Third They adhere t o t he correct et iquet t e when t hey list en t o t hem. As t he Companions, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem, used t o do when t hey list ened t o t he words of Allah recit ed by t he Messenger of Allah . Their skin Would shiver, and t heir heart s would soft en t o t he remembrance of Allah. They did not shout or do ot her act ions t hat are not nat ural; on t he cont rary, t hey would sit quiet ly wit h t he proper at t it ude of fear, in an unparalleled fashion. t hey at t ained t he vict ory of praise from t heir Lord in t his world and t he Hereaft er. ` Abdur-Razzaq said, "Ma` mar t old us t hat Qat adah, may Allah have mercy on him, recit ed,

リ ⊥ Β͡ヤゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤィ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲぁ バ͡ ゼ ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤィ ⊥ (The skins of t hose who fear t heir Lord shiver from it . Then t heir skin and t heir heart soft en t o t he remembrance of Allah.) and said, ` This is t he charact erist ic of t he friends of Allah; Allah has described t hem in t his manner, saying t hat t heir skin shivers, t heir eyes weep and t heir heart s find rest t o t he remembrance of Allah. He did not say t hat t hey lose t heir minds and swoon; t hat is t he charact erist ic of t he followers of innovat ion, and t hat comes from t he Shayt an.''' Allah's saying:

び͡ロキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ン∠ギワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (That is t he guidance of Allah. He guides t herewit h whom He wills;) means, t his is t he charact erist ic of t hose whom Allah has guided, and anyone who does anyt hing different is one of t hose whom Allah has sent ast ray.

び∃キゅ∠ワ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and whomever Allah sends ast ray, for him t here is no guide.)

る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ ヲ⊥シ ヮ͡ ヰ͡ ∇ィヲ∠ よ͡ ヴ͡ボわｚ Α∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥ク リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャ モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ Ι ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゆ ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠バ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ン ∠ ∇ゴガ ͡ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ホ∠ や∠クほ∠プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやゆ ⊥ や∠グ∠バ∠ャ∠ヱ (24. Is he t hen, who will confront wit h his face t he awful t orment on t he Day of Resurrect ion And it will be said t o t he wrongdoers: "Tast e what you used t o earn!'') (25. Those before t hem denied, and so t he t orment came on t hem from direct ions t hey perceived not .) (26. So, Allah made t hem t o t ast e t he disgrace in t he present life, but great er is t he t orment of t he Hereaft er if t hey only knew!)

The Final Destination of the Disbelievers

び͡るヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ ヲ⊥シ ヮ͡ ヰ͡ ∇ィヲ∠ よ͡ ヴ͡ボわｚ Α∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Is he t hen, who will confront wit h his face t he awful t orment on t he Day of Resurrect ion) he will be rebuked and he and t he evildoers like him will be t old:

び∠ラヲら⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥クぴ (Tast e what you used t o earn!) ` Is t his like t he one who comes secure on t he Day of Resurrect ion' as Allah says:

ヴ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ リｚョぺ∠ ン∠ギ∇ワぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔ら∂ ム͡ ョ⊥ ヴ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔Α∂ ヲ͡ シ ∠ (Is he who walks prone on his face, more right ly guided, or he who walks upright on t he st raight way) (67:22);

∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥ク ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らエ ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び ゲ∠ ボ∠ シ ∠ ザ ｚ ョ∠ (The Day t hey will be dragged on t heir faces int o t he Fire (it will be said t o t hem): "Tast e you t he t ouch of Hell!'') (54:48), and

ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ⇔レ͡ョや∠￢ ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ リｚョ ュ∠ぺ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ヴ∠ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び͡るヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや (Is he who is cast int o t he Fire bet t er or he who comes secure on t he Day of Resurrect ion) (41:40) In each of t hese Ayat , it was sufficient t o refer t o one of t he t wo groups.

ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゆ ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠バ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ (Those before t hem denied, and so t he t orment came on t hem from direct ions t hey perceived not .) means, t he previous generat ions who denied t he Messengers were dest royed by Allah for t heir sins. And none had t hey t o prot ect t hem from Allah.

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ン ∠ ∇ゴガ ͡ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ホ∠ や∠クほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So Allah made t hem t o t ast e t he disgrace in t he present life,) means, by means of t he punishment and revenge which He sent down upon t hem, and t he rej oicing of t he believers for what happened t o t hem. So, let t hose who are addressed beware, for t hey have rej ect ed t he noblest of t he Messengers and t he Seal of t he Prophet s . And what Allah has promised t hem of severe punishment in t he Hereaft er is worse t han what ever befell t hem in t his world. Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (but great er is t he t orment of t he Hereaft er if t hey only knew!)

あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ゅ∠レ∇よゲ∠ ッ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ン͡ク ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ よ͡ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ゅ⇔ルや∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚ∠バャｚ モ ∃ ん∠ ョ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚ∠バャｚ ァ ∃ ヲ∠ ハ ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジム͡ ⇒∠ゼわ∠ ョ⊥ ￢⊥ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ Κ ⇔ィ ⊥ ケｚ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠Αヲ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇モワ∠ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ゲ∠ ャあ ゅ⇔ヨ∠ヤシ ∠ Κ ⇔ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わΒあ ョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ヱ∠ ∀ろΒあ∠ョ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇モよ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ユｚ を⊥ (27. And indeed We have put fort h for men, in t his Qur'an every kind of parable in order t hat t hey may remember.) (28. An Arabic Qur'an, wit hout any crookedness (t herein) in order t hat t hey may have Taqwa of Him.) (29. Allah put s fort h a parable: a man belonging t o many part ners disput ing wit h one anot her, and a man belonging ent irely t o one mast er. Are t hose t wo equal in comparison All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah! But most of t hem know not .) (30. Verily, you will die, and verily, t hey (t oo) will die.) (31. Then, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, you will be disput ing before your Lord.)

The Parable of Shirk

あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ͡プ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ゅ∠レ∇よゲ∠ ッ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∃モん∠ ョ∠ (And indeed We have put fort h for men, in t his Qur'an every kind of parable) means, ` We have explained t hings t o mankind in it ぴt he Qur'anび by set t ing fort h examples and parables.'

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (in order t hat t hey may remember.) Because parables bring t he meaning closer t o people's minds. As Allah says:

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ぴ

(He set s fort h for you a parable from yourselves) (30:28). meaning, ` so t hat you may learn it from yourselves.' And Allah says:

Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰヤ⊥ボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ゅ∠ヰよ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツル∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ん∇ョΙ ｘや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠バ∇ャや (in Order t hat t hey may have Taqwa of Him.) (29:43).

び∃ァヲ∠ ハ ͡ ン͡ク ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ よ͡ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ゅ⇔ルや∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ぴ (An Arabic Qur'an, wit hout any crookedness (t herein)) means, it is in a plain Arabic t ongue, wit h no crookedness, deviat ion or confusion. It is plain, clear proof. Allah has made it like t his and has revealed it like t his,

び∠ラヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (in order t hat t hey may have Taqwa of Him) means, in order t hat t hey may heed t he warnings cont ained t herein, and st rive t o at t ain t he promises t herein. Then Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥ジム͡ ⇒∠ゼわ∠ ョ⊥ ￢⊥ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ Κ ⇔ィ ⊥ ケｚ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ぴ (Allah put s fort h a parable: a man belonging t o many part ners disput ing wit h one anot her,) meaning, t hey were disput ing concerning t hat slave in whom t hey all had a share.

び∃モィ ⊥ ゲ∠ ャあ ゅ⇔ヨ∠ヤシ ∠ Κ ⇔ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and a (slave) man belonging ent irely t o one mast er.) means, no one owned him except t hat one man.

び⇔Κん∠ ョ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠Αヲ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇モワ∠ ぴ (Are t hose t wo equal in comparison) meaning, t hey are not t he same. By t he same t oken, t he idolat or who worships ot her gods besides Allah and t he sincere believer who worships none besides Allah, wit h no part ner or associat e, are not equal. What comparison can t here be bet ween t hem Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Muj ahid and ot hers said, "This Ayah is t he parable of t he idolat or and t he sincere believer.'' Because t his parable is so clear and obvious, Allah t hen says:

び͡ヮヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah!) i.e., for est ablishing proof against t hem.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (But most of t hem know not . ) means, and for t his reason t hey associat e ot hers in worship wit h Allah.

The fact that the Messenger of Allah and Quraysh will die, and how They will dispute before Allah Allah's saying;

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥わΒあ ョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∀ろΒあ ∠ョ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, you will die, and verily, t hey (t oo) will die.) This is one of t he Ayat which Abu Bakr AsSiddiq, may Allah be pleased wit h him, quot ed when t he Messenger of Allah died, so t hat t he people would realize t hat he had really died. Anot her Ayah which he quot ed was:

モ ⊥シ ⊥ ぁゲャや ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らヤ∠ボ∠ ルや モ ∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ れ ∠ ゅｚョ リ∇Α͡みプ∠ぺ ン͡ゴ∇イΒ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ｚゲツ ⊥ Α∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βら∠ ボ͡ ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ょヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Α びリ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (Muhammad is no more t han a Messenger, and indeed (many) Messengers have passed away before him. If he dies or is killed, will you t hen t urn back on your heels And he who t urns back on his heels, not t he least harm will do t o Allah; and Allah will give reward t o t hose who are grat eful.)(3:144). The meaning of t his Ayah is t hat you will cert ainly depart t his world and be gat hered before Allah in t he Hereaft er. You will disput e t he issues of Tawhid and Shirk before Allah, t hings over which you disput ed in t his world, and He will j udge bet ween you wit h t rut h, and He is t he Judge, t he All-Knowing. So, He will save t he sincere believers who worship Him alone, and He will punish t he disbelievers who deny His Oneness and associat e ot hers in worship wit h Him. Alt hough t his Ayah speaks about t he believers and disbelievers, and how t hey will disput e in t he Hereaft er, it also includes all disput ant s in t his world, for t heir disput es will come back t o t hem in t he Hereaft er. Ibn Abi Hat im, may Allah have mercy on him, recorded t hat Ibn Az-Zubayr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "When t he Ayah

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, you will be disput ing before your Lord.) was revealed, AzZubayr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, ` O Messenger of Allah, will we repeat our disput es' He said,

«ユ∠バル∠ » (Yes.) He (Az-Zubayr) said, ` This is a very serious mat t er.''' Ahmad recorded from Az-Zubayr bin Al-` Awwam, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat when t his Surah was revealed t o t he Messenger of Allah :

る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わΒあ ョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∀ろΒあ ∠ョ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ (Verily, you will die, and verily, t hey (t oo) will die. Then, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, you will be disput ing before your Lord.) Az-Zubayr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "O Messenger of Allah, will t he sins t hat we commit t ed against ot hers in t his world be repeat ed for us'' He said,

ヵ͡ク あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ンｚキぽ∠ Α⊥ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ケ∠ ゲｚ ム∠ Β⊥ ャ∠ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » «ヮぁボ∠ェ ペ ∠ェ ∠ (Yes, t hey will be repeat ed unt il everyone who is ent it led will have his right s rest ored t o him. ) Az-Zubayr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "By Allah, it is a very serious mat t er.'' It was also recorded by At -Tirmidhi, who said "Hasan Sahih.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, you will be disput ing before your Lord.) means, t he t rut hful one will disput e wit h t he liar, t he oppressed will disput e wit h t he oppressor, t he one who is guided will disput e wit h t he one who is misguided and t he weak will disput e wit h t he arrogant . Ibn Mandah recorded in Kit ab Ar-Ruh t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The people will disput e on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t o t he ext ent t hat t he soul will disput e wit h t he body. The soul will say t o t he body, ` You did such and such,' and t he body will say t o t he soul, ` You t old me t o do it and you t empt ed me.' Then Allah will send an angel t o j udge bet ween t hem, and he will say, ` You t wo are like a man who cannot walk but can see, and a man who cannot see but can walk.' They went int o a garden and t he one who could not walk said t o t he one who was blind, ` I see fruit t here, but I cannot reach it .' The blind man said, ` Climb on me and get it .' So he climbed on him and got it . So which of t hem is t he wrongdoer They will say, ` Bot h of t hem.' The angel will say t o t hem, ` You have passed j udgement against yourselves.' The body was a means of t ransport at ion for t he soul.'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat Ibn ` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "This Ayah was revealed and we did not know what it was revealed about :

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ

(Then, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, you will be disput ing before your Lord.)'' He said, "We said, what will we disput e about There is no disput e bet ween us and t he People of t he Book, so what will we disput e about Unt il t he Fit nah occurred.'' Then Ibn ` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "This is what our Lord promised us we would disput e about .'' This was recorded by An-Nasa'i.

ベ ͡ ∇ギダ あ ャゅ͡よ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ゆ ∠ グ∠ ミ∠ リｚヨョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャあ ン⇔ヲ∇んョ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ͡プ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ベ ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ベ ͡ ∇ギダ あ ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ぺ∠ヲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ヘあ ⇒∠ムΒ⊥ ャ͡ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ⇒∠ミ ン͡グャｚや リ ͡ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ (32. Then, who does more wrong t han one who ut t ers a lie against Allah, and denies t he t rut h when it comes t o him! Is t here not in Hell an abode for t he disbelievers) (33. And he who has brought t he t rut h and (t hose who) believed t herein, t hey are t hose who have Taqwa.) (34. They shall have all t hat t hey will desire wit h t heir Lord. That is t he reward of t he doers of good.) (35. So t hat Allah may expiat e from t hem t he evil of what t hey did and give t hem t he reward, according t o t he best of what t hey used t o do.)

The Punishment of the Disbelievers and Liars, and the Reward of the Sincere Believers The idolat ors ut t ered lies against Allah and said t hat t here were ot her gods besides Him and claimed t hat t he angels were t he daught ers of Allah and t hat Allah had a son -- glorified be He far above all t hat t hey say. Moreover, t hey rej ect ed t he t rut h when it came t o t hem on t he lips of t he Messengers (peace and blessings be upon t hem all). Allah says:

ベ ͡ ∇ギダ あ ャゅ͡よ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ゆ ∠ グ∠ ミ∠ リｚヨョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ び⊥ロ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ (Then, who does more wrong t han one who ut t ers a lie against Allah, and denies t he t rut h when it comes t o him!) meaning, t here is no one who does more wrong t han such a person, because he combines t he t wo aspect s of falsehood, disbelief in Allah and disbelief in t he Messenger of Allah. They made false claims and rej ect ed t he t rut h, Allah t hreat ened t hem:

び∠リΑ͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャあ ン⇔ヲ∇んョ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ͡プ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ぴ

(Is t here not in Hell an abode for t he disbelievers) who are t he deniers and rej ect ers. Then Allah says:

び͡ヮよ͡ ベ ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ベ ͡ ∇ギダ あ ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And he who has brought t he t rut h and (t hose who) believed t herein,) Muj ahid, Qat adah, ArRabi` bin Anas and Ibn Zayd said, "The one who brought t he t rut h was t he Messenger .'' ` AbdurRahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said:

び͡ベ∇ギダ あ ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ ("And he who has brought t he t rut h) means t he Messenger of Allah .

び͡ヮよ͡ ベ ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and (t hose who) believed t herein) means t he Muslims.''

び∠ラヲ⊥ボｚわヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (t hey are t hose who have Taqwa). Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "They fear and shun Shirk.''

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ぴ (They shall have all t hat t hey will desire wit h t heir Lord.) means, in Paradise; what ever t hey ask for t hey will have.

リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ぺ∠ヲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ヘあ ⇒∠ムΒ⊥ ャ͡ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ⇒∠ミ ン͡グャｚや リ ͡ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ (That is t he reward of doers of good. So t hat Allah may expiat e from t hem t he evil of what t hey did and give t hem t he reward, according t o t he best of what t hey used t o do.) This is like t he Ayah:

∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ モ ⊥ らｚ ボ∠ わ∠ ル∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃ∇Βシ ∠ リ∠ハ コ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠イわ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ン͡グャｚや ベ ͡ ∇ギダ あ ャや (They are t hose from whom We shall accept t he best of t heir deeds and overlook t heir evil deeds. (They shall be) among t he dwellers of Paradise, a promise of t rut h, which t hey have been promised.) (46:16).

リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ͡よ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥プヲあ ガ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇らハ ∠ フ ∃ ゅ∠ムよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ぴ リ∠ョヱ∠ - キ∃ ゅ⇒∠ワ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ヤ͡⇒∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ ン͡ク ゴ∃ Α͡ゴバ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ モ ｙツ ͡ ョぁ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ リ͡ゃャ∠ヱ∠ - ュ∃ ゅ∠ボわ͡ ルや リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥わ∇Αぺ∠ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ｚリャ⊥ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ヘゼ ͡ ⇒∠ミ ｚリワ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ｙゲツ ⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ ル͡ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ムジ ͡ ∇ヨョ⊥ ｚリワ⊥ ∇モワ∠ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ヴ͡ルキ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ロ͡ ゲあ ッ ⊥ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミあ ヲ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ⇒ｚミ∠ヲ∠わ∠Α ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヴ ∠ ら͡ ∇ジェ ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ∀モ͡ヨ⇒∠ハ ヴ∂ルま͡ ∇ユ⇒⊥ムわ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α ∇モホ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Α͡ゴ∇ガΑ⊥ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ リ∠ョ -∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ び-∀ユΒ͡ボョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ (36. Is not Allah Sufficient for His servant Yet t hey t ry t o fright en you wit h t hose besides Him! And whom Allah sends ast ray, for him t here will be no guide.) (37. And whomsoever Allah guides, for him t here will be no misleader. Is not Allah Almight y, Possessor of Ret ribut ion) (38. And verily, if you ask t hem: "Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h'' Surely, t hey will say: "Allah.'' Say: "Tell me t hen, t he t hings t hat you invoke besides Allah -- if Allah int ended some harm for me, could t hey remove His harm Or if He int ended some mercy for me, could t hey wit hhold His mercy'' Say: "Sufficient for me is Allah; in Him t hose who t rust must put t heir

t rust .'') (39. Say: "O My people! Work according t o your way, I am working. Then you will come t o know'') (40. "To whom comes a disgracing t orment , and on whom descends an everlast ing t orment .'')

Allah is Sufficient for His Servant Allah says:

び⊥ロギ∠ ∇らハ ∠ フ ∃ ゅ∠ムよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Is not Allah Sufficient for His servant ) Some of t hem read it "His servant s.'' It means t hat Allah is Sufficient for t he one who worships Him and relies upon Him.

び͡ヮル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ͡よ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥プヲあ ガ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (Yet t hey t ry t o fright en you wit h t hose besides Him!) means, t he idolat ors t ried t o scare t he Messenger of Allah wit h t heir idols and gods which t hey called upon besides Allah out of ignorance and misguidance. Allah says:

ゅ∠ヨ∠プ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ リ∠ョ∠ヱ∃キゅワ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ュ∃ ゅ∠ボわ͡ ルや ン͡ク ゴ∃ Α͡ゴバ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ モ ｙツ ͡ ョぁ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ (And whom Allah sends ast ray, for him t here will be no guide. And whomsoever Allah guides, for him t here will be no misleader. Is not Allah Almight y, Possessor of Ret ribut ion) meaning, whoever relies on Him and t urns t o Him, will never be forsaken, for He is t he Almight y Who cannot be overwhelmed by anot her, and t here is none more severe t han Him in exact ing ret ribut ion on t hose who disbelieve in Him, associat e ot hers in worship wit h Him and resist His Messenger .

The Idolators admit that Allah is the Sole Creator because Their gods are incapable

チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ リ͡ゃ∠ャ∠ヱぴ び⊥ヮヤｚャや リ ｚ ャ⊥ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ (And verily, if you ask t hem: "Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h'' Surely, t hey will say: "Allah.'') means, t he idolat ors used t o recognize t hat Allah was t he Creat or of all t hings, but despit e t hat t hey st ill worshipped ot hers besides Him, ot hers who had no power t o bring benefit or cause harm. Allah said:

ヴ ∠ ル͡ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥わ∇Αぺ∠ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヴ͡ルキ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ロ͡ ゲあ ッ ⊥ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ヘゼ ͡ ⇒∠ミ ｚリワ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ｙゲツ ⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや び͡ヮわ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ムジ ͡ ∇ヨョ⊥ ｚリワ⊥ ∇モワ∠ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ (Say: "Tell me t hen, t he t hings t hat you invoke besides Allah -- if Allah int ended some harm for me, could t hey remove His harm Or if He (Allah) int ended some mercy for me, could t hey wit hhold His mercy'') meaning, t hey cannot do any of t hat at all. Here Ibn Abi Hat im recorded a narrat ion from Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, at t ribut ing it t o t he Prophet :

∩∠マワ∠ ゅ∠イゎ⊥ ロ⊥ ∇ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ ぶ ∠ や ナ ͡ ヘ∠ ∇ェや ∩∠マ∇ヌヘ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぶ ∠ や ナ ͡ ヘ∠ ∇ェや» や∠クま͡ ∩͡りギｚ ゼ あ ャや ヶ͡プ マ ∠ ∇プゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠カゲｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇フゲｚ バ∠ ゎ∠ ∩͡ぶゅ͡よ ∇リバ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ろ ∠ ∇レバ∠ わ∠ ∇シや や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩∠ぶや メ ͡ ほ∠∇シゅ∠プ ろ ∠ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ポ ∠ ヱぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ やヲ⊥バヨ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや ヲ͡ ャ∠ る∠ ョｚ ほ⊥∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ ヲ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ポヱぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ∇らわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶゼ ∠ よ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ∇らわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶゼ ∠ よ͡ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥バヘ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ やヲ⊥バヨ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや ∩⊥ュゅ∠ヤ∇ホほ∠∇ャや ろ ͡ バ∠ プ͡ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ブ ⊥ エ ⊥ ぁダャや ろ ͡ ヘｚ ィ ∠ ∩∠ポヲ⊥バヘ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ.リ ͡ Β͡ボΒ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゲ͡ ∇ムゼ ぁ ャゅ͡よ ぶ ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇ハや∠ヱ ゲ∠ ∇ダレｚ ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴヤ∠ハ ゲ͡ ∇らダ ｚ ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ゆ∇ゲム∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ゲ∇らダ ｚ ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ «や⇔ゲ∇ジΑ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ジバ⊥ ∇ャや (Be mindful of Allah and He will prot ect you; be mindful of Allah and you will find Him ever wit h you. Turn t o Allah in t imes of ease and He will t urn t o you in t imes of difficult y. If you ask anyone for anyt hing, t hen ask Allah; if you seek help from anyone, t hen seek help from Allah. Know t hat even if t he ent ire nat ion were t o come t oget her t o do you some harm t hat Allah has not decreed for you, t hey will never be able t o harm you, and if t hey were t o come t oget her t o do you some good t hat Allah has not decreed for you, t hey will never be able t o do t hat . The pages have dried and t he pens have been lift ed. St rive for t he sake of Allah wit h t hankfulness

and firm convict ion, and know t hat in pat ient ly persevering wit h regard t o somet hing t hat you dislike t here is much goodness. Vict ory comes wit h pat ience, a way out comes from difficult y and wit h hardship comes ease.)

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ヴ ∠ ら͡ ∇ジェ ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Sufficient for me is Allah...'') means, ` Allah is enough for me.'

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤミあ ヲ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ぴ (In Him I put my t rust , and let all t hose t hat t rust , put t heir t rust in Him.) ぴ12: 67び This is like what Hud, peace be upon him, said t o his people:

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ￢∃ ヲ⊥ジよ͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ヂ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ポ ∠ や∠ゲわ∠ ∇ハや Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボルｚ ラ͡まぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ヴあルぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇セぺ⊥ ヴあルま͡ ヴあルま͡ - ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ͡ レ⊥ゎ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥ギΒ͡ムプ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ び ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰわ͡ Β∠ タ ͡ ゅ∠レよ͡ ∀グ͡カや￢ ("All t hat we say is t hat some of our gods have seized you wit h evil. '' He said: "I call Allah t o wit ness and bear you wit ness t hat I am free from t hat which you ascribe as part ners in worship, wit h Him. So plot against me, all of you, and give me no respit e. I put my t rust in Allah, my Lord and your Lord! There is not a moving creat ure but He has t he grasp of it s forelock. Verily, my Lord is on t he st raight pat h.'')(11:54-56).

び∇ユ⇒⊥ムわ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "O My people! Work according t o your way...'') This is a t hreat and a warning.

び∀モヨ͡ ⇒∠ハ ヴあル͡まぴ (I am working) means, ` according t o my way.'

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then you will come t o know) means, you will learn t he consequences.

び͡ヮΑ͡ゴ∇ガΑ⊥ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ リ∠ョぴ (To whom comes a disgracing t orment ,) means, in t his world,

び∀ユΒ͡ボョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and on whom descends an everlast ing t orment .) means, ongoing and et ernal, wit h no escape, which will come on t he Day of Resurrect ion. We seek refuge wit h Allah from t hat .

リ ͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠プ ペ∠エ∇ャゅ͡よ サ ͡ ゅ⇒ｚレヤ͡ャ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べｚルま͡ぴ べ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ぁツ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み∠プ モ ｚ ⇒∠ッ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ン∠ギ⇒∠わ∇ワや リ ∠ Β͡ェ ザ ∠ ヘ⊥ ルｘΙや ヴｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや - モ ∃ Β⇒͡ミヲ∠ よ͡ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡わャｚや マ ⊥ジ ͡ ∇ヨΒ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒͡ョゅ∠レョ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ろヨ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ⇒͡ゎ∇ヲョ͡ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ン∠ゲ∇カΙ ｙやモ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΙ ∂ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ (41. Verily, We have sent down t o you t he Book for mankind in t rut h. So, whosoever accept s t he guidance, it is only for himself; and whosoever goes ast ray, he goes ast ray only t o his (own) loss. And you are not a t rust ee over t hem.) (42. It is Allah Who t akes away t he souls at t he t ime of t heir deat h, and t hose t hat die not during t heir sleep. He keeps t hose (souls) for which He has ordained deat h and sends t he rest for a t erm appoint ed. Verily, in t his are signs for a people who t hink deeply.) Allah says, addressing His Messenger Muhammad :

び∠ょ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We have sent down t o you t he Book) meaning, t he Qur'an.

びペ∠エ∇ャゅ͡よ サ ͡ ゅ⇒ｚレヤ͡ャぴ (for mankind in t rut h.) means, for all of creat ion, mankind and Jinn, so t hat he may warn t hem t herewit h.

び͡ヮジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ン∠ギ⇒∠わ∇ワや リ ͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠プぴ

(So, whosoever accept s t he guidance, it is only for himself;) means, t he benefit of t hat will ret urn t o him.

びゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ぁツ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ モ ｚッ ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and whosoever goes ast ray, he goes ast ray only for his (own) loss.) means, t he consequences of t hat will ret urn t o him.

び∃モΒ͡ミヲ∠ よ͡ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And you are not a t rust ee over t hem. ) means, ` you are not responsible for guiding t hem.'

び∀モΒ͡ミヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (But you are only a warner. And Allah is a Trust ee over all t hings) (11:12).

び⊥ゆゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (your dut y is only t o convey and on Us is t he reckoning) (13:40).

Allah is the One Who causes Death and gives Life Then Allah t ells us t hat He is in cont rol of all t hings and does as He wills. He causes men t o die (t he "great er deat h'') when He sends t he angels t o t ake men's souls from t heir bodies, and He causes t hem t o "die a lesser deat h'' when t hey sleep. Allah says:

ユ⊥わ∇ェゲ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よ ユ⊥ム⇒プｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョ∂ モ ∀ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ツ∇ボΒ⊥ ャ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ん⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャゅ͡よ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ムゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ Α⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ る⇔ ヌ ∠ ヘ∠ ェ ∠ ユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゲ⊥ ワ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥デゲあ ヘ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇わプｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ び (It is He, Who t akes your souls by night (when you are asleep), and has knowledge of all t hat you have done by day, t hen He raises (wakes) you up again t hat a t erm appoint ed be fulfilled,

t hen (in t he end) unt o Him will be your ret urn. Then He will inform you of t hat which you used t o do. He is t he Irresist ible, over His servant s, and He sends guardians (angels guarding and writ ing all of one's good and bad deeds) over you, unt il when deat h approaches one of you, Our messengers (angels) t ake his soul, and t hey never neglect t heir dut y.)(6:60-61). Here Allah ment ions t he t wo deat hs, t he lesser deat h t hen t he great er deat h aft er it ; in t he Ayah above (39: 42), He ment ions t he great er t hen t he lesser. Allah says:

∇ろヨ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ⇒͡ゎ∇ヲョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ザ ∠ ヘ⊥ ルｘΙや ヴｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや マ ⊥ジ ͡ ∇ヨΒ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒͡ョゅ∠レョ∠ ヴ͡プ びヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ン∠ゲ∇カΙ ｙ やモ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ (It is Allah Who t akes away t he souls at t he t ime of t heir deat h, and t hose t hat die not during t heir sleep. He keeps t hose (souls) for which He has ordained deat h and sends t he rest for a t erm appoint ed.) This indicat es t hat t hey ぴt he soulsび meet in t he higher realm, as was st at ed in t he Hadit h at t ribut ed t o t he Prophet which was narrat ed by Ibn Mandah and ot hers. In t he Two Sahihs of Al-Bukhari and Muslim, it is report ed t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

る͡ ヤ∠カ ͡ や∠ギよ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇ツヘ⊥ ∇レΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ セ ͡ や∠ゲプ͡ ヴャ͡ま ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ン∠ヱぺ∠ や∠クま͡» :∇モボ⊥ Β∠ ャ͡ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヘ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヵ͡ケ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩͡ロケ͡ や∠コま͡ ∇ラま͡ ∩⊥ヮバ⊥ プ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ら∇レィ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇バッ ∠ ヱ∠ ヶあよケ∠ マ ∠ ヨ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヌヘ∠ ∇ェゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ケゅ∠プ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ろ ∠ ∇ムジ ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ «リΒ͡エャ͡ゅｚダャや ポ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ナ ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ (When anyone of you goes t o bed, let him brush down t he bed wit h his garment , for he does not know what has come on his bed since he left it . Then let him say, "In Your Name, O Lord, I lay down my side and in Your Name I raise it up; if You t ake my soul, have mercy on it , and if You send it back, prot ect it wit h t hat which You prot ect Your right eous servant s.'')

び∠れ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや マ ⊥ジ ͡ ∇ヨΒ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (He keeps t hose (souls) for which He has ordained deat h) means, t hose which have died, and He ret urns t he ot hers back for an appoint ed t erm. As-Suddi said, "For t he rest of t heir lives.'' Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "He keeps t he souls of t he dead and sends back t he souls of t he living, and He does not make any mist akes.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ

(Verily, in t his are signs for a people who t hink deeply.)

∇やヲ⊥ルゅ⇒∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠バヘ∠ セ ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グ∠ガゎｚ や ュ͡ ぺ∠ぴ る⊥ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘゼ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ モ⊥ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇れコｚ ほ∠ヨ∠ ∇セや ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ミ͡ ク⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ミ͡ ク⊥ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クま͡ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ (43. Have t hey t aken as int ercessors besides Allah Say: "Even if t hey have power over not hing what ever and have no int elligence'') (44. Say: "To Allah belongs all int ercession. His is t he sovereignt y of t he heavens and t he eart h. Then t o Him you shall be brought back.'') (45. And when Allah Alone is ment ioned, t he heart s of t hose who believe not in t he Hereaft er are filled wit h disgust and when t hose besides Him are ment ioned, behold, t hey rej oice!)

There is no Intercession except with Allah, and how the Idolators are filled with Disgust when Allah is mentioned alone Allah condemns t he idolat ors for t aking int ercessors besides Allah, namely t he idols and false gods whom t hey have t aken on t he basis of t heir own whims, wit h no evidence or proof. These idols are not able t o do anyt hing; t hey have no minds wit h which t o t hink, and t hey cannot hear or see. They are inanimat e and are much worse off t han animals. Then Allah says: ` Say -O Muhammad -- t o t hese people who claim t hat t hose whom t hey have t aken as int ercessors wit h Allah, t hat int ercession is of no avail except for t he one wit h whom Allah is pleased and t o whom He has grant ed permission t o int ercede. The whole mat t er rest s wit h Him.'

び͡ヮ͡ル∇ク͡み͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠ク リ∠ョぴ (Who is he t hat can int ercede wit h Him except wit h His permission) (2:255).

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚャぴ (His is t he sovereignt y of t he heavens and t he eart h.) means, He is t he One Who is in cont rol of all t hat .

び∠ラヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ

(Then t o Him you shall be brought back.) means, ` on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hen He will j udge bet ween you wit h His j ust ice, and He will reward or punish each person according t o his deeds.' Then Allah condemns t he idolat ors furt her:

び⊥ロギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ミ͡ ク⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when Allah Alone is ment ioned) means, when it is said t here is no (t rue) God except Allah Alone,

び͡りゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇れコｚ ほ∠ヨ∠ ∇セやぴ (t he heart s of t hose who believe not in t he Hereaft er are filled wit h disgust ) Muj ahid said, "Their heart s are filled wit h disgust means t hey recoil in horror.'' This is like t he Ayah:

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ び (Truly, when it was said t o t hem: "La ilaha illa Allah,'' t hey puffed t hemselves up wit h pride.) (37:35) which means, t hey were t oo proud t o follow it . Their heart s could not accept anyt hing good, and whoever cannot accept good will accept evil. Allah says:

び͡ヮル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ミ͡ ク⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and when t hose besides Him are ment ioned,) meaning, t he idols and false gods -- t his was t he view of Muj ahid --

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クま͡ぴ (behold, t hey rej oice!) means, t hey feel happy.

ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ハ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ デ ͡ ゅ∠プ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ヴプ͡ ポ ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エゎ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ り͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ￢͡ ヲ⊥シ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇や∇ヱギ∠ わ∠ ∇プΙ ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠ギよ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠

ベ ∠ ゅ∠ェヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ⇒∠ミ ゅ∠ョ れ ⊥ ゅ∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠ギよ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ わ∠ ∇エΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ユ͡ヰよ͡ (46. Say: "O Allah! Creat or of t he heavens and t he eart h! All-Knower of t he unseen and t he seen! You will j udge bet ween your servant s about t hat wherein t hey used t o differ.'') (47. And t hose who did wrong, if t hey had all t hat is on t he eart h and t herewit h as much again, t hey verily, would offer it t o ransom t hemselves t herewit h on t he Day of Resurrect ion from t he evil t orment ; and t here will become apparent t o t hem from Allah what t hey had not been reckoning.) (48. And t he evils of t hat which t hey earned will become apparent t o t hem, and t hat which t hey used t o mock at will encircle t hem.)

How to supplicate After condemning the idolators for their love of Shirk and their hatred of Tawhid, Allah t hen says:

ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ハ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ デ ͡ ゅ∠プ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ び͡りギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ (Say: "O Allah! Creat or of t he heavens and t he eart h! All-Knower of t he unseen and t he seen!...'') meaning, ` call you upon Allah Alone wit h no part ner or associat e, Who has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h and originat ed t hem,' i.e., made t hem like not hing t hat ever before exist ed.

び͡りギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ハぴ (All-Knower of t he unseen and t he seen!) means, what is secret and what is open.

ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ポ ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エゎ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ (You will j udge bet ween your servant s about t hat wherein t hey used t o differ.) means, in t his world; ` You will j udge bet ween t hem on t he Day when t hey are resurrect ed and brought fort h from t heir graves.' In his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat Abu Salamah bin ` Abdur-Rahman said, "I asked ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, how t he Messenger of Allah st art ed his prayer when he st ood up t o pray at night . She said, may Allah be pleased wit h her: ` When t he Messenger of Allah st ood up t o pray at night , he would st art his prayer wit h t he words: ∨

ゲ∠ デ ͡ ゅ∠プ ∩∠モΒ͡プや∠ゲ∇シま͡ヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡もゅ∠ムΒ͡ョヱ∠ モ ∠ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ゆ ｚ ケ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや» ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∩͡りキ∠ ゅ∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ハ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ れ ͡ や∠ヲヨｚジャや ヶ͡ルギ͡ ∇ワや ∩∠ラヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ポ ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇ヰゎ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ∩∠マル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ブ ∠ ヤ͡わ⊥ ∇カや ゅ∠ヨャ͡ «ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヅ ∃ や∠ゲタ ͡ ヴャ͡ま ￢⊥ ゅ∠ゼゎ∠ (O Allah, Lord of Jibril, Mika'il and Israfil, Creat or of t he heavens and t he eart h, Knower of t he unseen and t he seen, You will j udge bet ween Your servant s concerning t hat wherein t hey differ. Guide me wit h regard t o t hat wherein t here is disput e concerning t he t rut h by Your leave, for You guide whomsoever You will t o t he st raight pat h.)''

No Ransom will be accepted on the Day of Resurrection

び∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hose who did wrong,) means, t he idolat ors.

び⊥ヮバ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅｚョぴ (if t hey had all t hat is in eart h and t herewit h as much again,)

び͡ゆや∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ￢͡ ヲ⊥シ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇や∇ヱギ∠ わ∠ ∇プΙ ∠ぴ (t hey verily, would offer it t o ransom t hemselves t herewit h from t he evil t orment ;) means, t hat which Allah has decreed for t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion. But t he ransom will not be accept ed from t hem, even if it were t o be an eart h-full of gold as He ment ioned elswhere (3:91). Then Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥らジ ͡ わ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠ギよ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t here will become apparent t o t hem from Allah what t hey had not been reckoning.) which means, when t hey come t o realize what Allah's punishment for t hem will be, which t hey had never before imagined.

び∇やヲ⊥ら∠ジ⇒∠ミ ゅ∠ョ れ ⊥ ゅ∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠ギよ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And t he evils of t hat which t hey earned will become apparent t o t hem,) means, t hey will see t he punishment for t he forbidden act ions and sins which t hey commit t ed in t his world.

び∠ラヱ￢⊥ ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ∠ベゅ∠ェ∠ヱぴ (and t hat which t hey used t o mock at will encircle t hem.) means, t he punishment which t hey used t o make fun of in t his world will encompass t hem.

ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャヲｚ カ ∠ や∠クま͡ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠ルゅ∠ハキ∠ ゲｘ ッ ⊥ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ザ ｚ ョ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ∇モよ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ Βゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅｚレョあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰャ∠ゅ∠ホ ∇ギホ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ べ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ れ ⊥ ゅ∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠タほ∠プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ れ ⊥ ゅ∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ Β͡ダΒ⊥ シ ∠ ￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ベ ∠ ∇コゲあ ャや テ ⊥ジ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ∇バヨ⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΙ ∂ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ケ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ び (49. When harm t ouches man, he calls t o Us (f or help); t hen when We have changed it int o a favor from Us, he says: "Only because of knowledge I obt ained it .'' Nay, it is only a t rial, but most of t hem know not !) (50. Verily, t hose before t hem said it , yet (all) t hat t hey had earned availed t hem not .) (51. So, t he evil result s of t hat which t hey earned overt ook t hem. And t hose who did wrong of t hese will also be overt aken by t he evil result s for t hat which t hey earned; and t hey will never be able t o escape.) (52. Do t hey not know t hat Allah expands t he provision for whom He wills, and st rait ens it . Verily, in t his are signs for t he folk who believe!)

How Man changes when He is blessed after suffering Harm Allah t ells us how man, when he is suffering from harm, prays t o Allah, t urning t o Him in repent ance and calling upon Him, but when He makes t hings easy for him, he t ransgresses and commit s sins.

び∃ユ∇ヤハ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (Only because of knowledge I obt ained it .) means, ` because Allah knows t hat I deserve it ; if it were not for t he fact t hat Allah regards me as special, He would not have given me t his.' Qat adah said, "Because I know t hat I deserve it .'' Allah says:

び∀るレ∠ ∇わプ͡ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, it is only a t rial,) meaning, ` t he mat t er is not as he claims; on t he cont rary, We have blessed him wit h t his as a t est t o see whet her he will be obedient or disobedient -- alt hough We have prior knowledge of t hat .' In fact , it is a t rial.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but most of t hem know not !) So t hey say what t hey say and claim what t hey claim.

び∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰャ∠ゅ∠ホ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Verily, t hose before t hem said it ,) means, t he previous nat ions who came before said t he same t hings and made t he same claims,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ べ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (yet (all) t hat t hey had earned availed t hem not . ) means, what t hey said was not right and all t hat t hey had gat hered did not save t hem.

∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ れ ⊥ ゅ∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠タほ∠プ∠ ぴ び͡￢Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ (So, t he evil result s of t hat which t hey earned overt ook t hem. And t hose who did wrong of t hese...) means, t he people who are addressed here,

び∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ れ ⊥ ゅ∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ Β͡ダΒ⊥ ∠シぴ (will also be overt aken by t he evil result s (t orment ) for t hat which t hey earned;) j ust as happened t o t hose earlier peoples.

び∠リΑ͡ゴイ ͡ ∇バヨ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(and t hey will never be able t o escape.) This is like t he Ayah in which Allah t ells us how Qarun react ed when his people t old him:

∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ピら∠ プ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ホ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ る͡ ら∠ ∇ダバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ぺ⊥ヲ⊥レわ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ エ ∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ヘョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ べ∠ョ ͡コヲ⊥レム⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢∠ヱ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ゥゲ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ り͡ ヲｚ ボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ケ∠ やｚギャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ポ ∠ ゅ∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ヨΒ͡プ ヒ͡ わ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ - リ ∠ Β͡ェゲ͡ ヘ∠ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ べ∠ヨ∠ミ リ͡ジ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ら∠ Β͡ダル∠ ザ ∠ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや ラ ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ キ∠ ゅ∠ジヘ∠ ∇ャや ヒ͡ ∇らゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅホ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ ン͡ギレ͡ハ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゅ⇔バ∇ヨィ ∠ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ リ∠ハ メ ⊥ ほ∠∇ジΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ("Do not exult , verily, Allah likes not t hose who exult . But seek, wit h t hat (wealt h) which Allah has best owed on you, t he home of t he Hereaft er, and forget not your port ion of lawful enj oyment in t his world; and do good as Allah has been good t o you, and seek not mischief in t he land. Verily, Allah likes not t he corrupt ers.'' He said: "This has been given t o me only because of t he knowledge I possess.'' Did he not know t hat Allah had dest royed before him generat ions, men who were st ronger t han him in might and great er in t he amount (of riches) t hey had collect ed But t he criminals will not be quest ioned of t heir sins.'') (28:76-78). And Allah says:

リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ や⇔ギ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ん∇ミぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡よグｚ バ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ (And t hey say: "We are more in wealt h and in children, and we are not going t o be punished.'') (34:35).

￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ベ ∠ ∇コゲあ ャや テ ⊥ジ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び⊥ケギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ (Do t hey not know t hat Allah expands t he provision for whom He wills, and st rait ens it .) means, He gives plent y t o some and rest rict s t he provision for ot hers.

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t his are signs for t he folk who believe!) means, t here is a lesson and proof.

∇やヲ⊥トレ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∠ゆヲ⊥ルグぁ ャや ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥らΒ⇒͡ルぺ∠ヱ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥ゎ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゆ ⊥ や∠グ∠バ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ∇ユ⇒⊥ムよあ ケｚ リあョ ユ⊥ム∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇やヲ⇒⊥バら͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ラ∠ぺ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ⇒⊥ムΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ょ ͡ レ∠ィ ヴ͡プ ろ ⊥ デ ∠ ゲｚ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠ゎゲ∠ ∇ジエ ∠ Α ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲガ ͡ ⇒ｚジャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ Β͡ェ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ レ⇒⊥ムャ∠ ヴ͡ルや∠ギワ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミほ∠プ∠ り⇔ ゲｚ ⇒∠ミ ヴ͡ャ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ン∠ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ろ ∠ ∇よグｚ ム∠ プ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒∠Αや∠￢ マ ∠ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミヱ∠ れ ∠ ∇ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ (53. Say: "O My servant s who have t ransgressed against t hemselves! Despair not of t he mercy of Allah, verily, Allah forgives all sins. Truly, He is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.'') (54. "And t urn in repent ance (and in obedience wit h t rue fait h) t o your Lord and submit t o Him before t he

t orment comes upon you, (and) t hen you will not be helped.'') (55. "And follow t he best of t hat which is sent down t o you from your Lord, before t he t orment comes on you suddenly while you perceive not !'') (56. Lest a person should say: "Alas, my grief t hat I was undut iful t o Allah, and I was indeed among t hose who mocked.'') (57. Or (lest ) he should say: "If only Allah had guided me, I should indeed have been among t hose who have Taqwa.'') (58. Or (lest ) he should say when he sees t he t orment : "If only I had anot her chance, t hen I should indeed be among t he doers of good.'') (59. Yes! Verily, t here came t o you My Ayat and you denied t hem, and were proud and were among t he disbelievers.)

The Call to repent before the Punishment comes This Ayah is a call t o all sinners, be t hey disbelievers or ot hers, t o repent and t urn t o Allah. This Ayah t ells us t hat Allah, may He be blessed and exalt ed, will forgive all t he sins of t hose who repent t o Him and t urn back t o Him, no mat t er what or how many his sins are, even if t hey are like t he foam of t he sea. This cannot be int erpret ed as meaning t hat sins will be forgiven wit hout repent ance, because Shirk can only be forgiven for t he one who repent s from it . AlBukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat some of t he people of Shirk killed many people and commit t ed Zina (illegal sexual act s) t o a great ext ent ; t hey came t o Muhammad and said, "What you are saying and calling us t o is good; if only you could t ell us t hat t here is an expiat ion for what we have done.'' Then t he following Ayat were revealed:

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ュ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ザ ∠ ∇ヘレｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ び∠ラヲ⊥ル∇ゴΑ∠ (And t hose who invoke not any ot her god along wit h Allah, nor kill such person as Allah has forbidden, except for j ust cause, nor commit illegal sexual int ercourse) (25:68).

∇やヲ⊥トレ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ョ (Say: "O My servant s who have t ransgressed against t hemselves! Despair not of t he mercy of Allah.) This was also recorded by Muslim, Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i. What is meant by t he first Ayah (25:68) is:

び⇔ゅエ͡ヤ⇒∠タ Κ ⇔ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except t hose who repent and believe, and do right eous deeds) (25:70). Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Asma' bint Yazid, said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah recit ing,

び∃ウヤ͡⇒∠タ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ モ ∀ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (verily, his work is unright eous) (11:46). And I heard him say: (∇モホ⊥ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅ∠Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ やヲ⊥トレ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ ∇リョ͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ や͡ぶ ラ ｚ ま͡ ぶ ∠ や ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ルグぁ ャや ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヶ͡ャゅ∠らΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや) (Say: "O My servant s who have t ransgressed against t hemselves! Despair not of t he mercy of Allah, verily, Allah forgives all sins He does not reckon him Truly, He is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful).'' This was also recorded by Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi. All of t hese Hadit hs indicat e t hat what is meant is t hat Allah forgives all sins provided t hat a person repent s. Addit ionally, one must not despair of t he mercy of Allah even if his sins are many and great , for t he door of repent ance and mercy is expansive. Allah says:

び͡ロキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ る∠ よ∠ ∇ヲわｚ ャや モ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Know t hey not t hat Allah accept s repent ance from His servant s) (9:104).

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ユヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ͡ イ ͡ Α∠ (And whoever does evil or wrongs himself but aft erwards seeks Allah's forgiveness, he will find Allah Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (4:110). Concerning t he hypocrit es, Allah says:

リ∠ャヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ モ ͡ ヘ∠ ∇シΙ ｘやポ ͡ ∇ケギｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び∇やヲ⊥エヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ や⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ (Verily, t he hypocrit es will be in t he lowest dept h (grade) of t he Fire; no helper will you find for t hem. Except t hose who repent , and do right eous good deeds) (4:145-146). And Allah says:

∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ る∃ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ゑ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠を ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レ∠Α ∇ユャｚ ラ͡まヱ∠ ギ∀ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚジ ｚ ヨ∠ Β∠ ャ∠ (Surely, disbelievers are t hose who said: "Allah is t he t hird of t he t hree (in a Trinit y).'' But t here is no god but One. And if t hey cease not from what t hey say, verily, a painful t orment will befall on t he disbelievers among t hem.) (5:73). Then He says:

∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よヲ⊥わΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ (Will t hey not t urn in repent ance t o Allah and ask His forgiveness For Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (5:74) And Allah says:

∇ユャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥レわ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び∇やヲ⊥よヲ⊥わΑ∠ (Verily, t hose who put int o t rial t he believing men and believing women (by t ort uring t hem), and t hen do not t urn in repent ance (t o Allah)) (85: 10). Al-Hasan Al-Basri, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "Look at t his generosit y and kindness! They killed His close friends but He st ill called t hem t o repent ance and forgiveness.'' There are many Ayat on t his t opic. The Two Sahihs record t he Hadit h of Abu Sa` id, may Allah be pleased wit h him, from Messenger of Allah about t he man who killed ninet y-nine people. Lat er on, he regret t ed it and asked a worshipper among t he Children of Israel whet her he could repent . He t old him no, so he killed him, t hus complet ing one hundred. Then he asked one of t heir scholars whet her he could repent . He said, "What is st opping you from repent ing'' Then he t old him t o go t o a t own where Allah was worshipped. He set out for t hat t own, but deat h came t o him while he was on t he road. The angels of mercy and t he angels of punishment disput ed over him, so Allah commanded t hem t o measure t he dist ance bet ween t he t wo t owns; whichever he was closer t o was t he one t o which he belonged. They found t hat he was closer t o t he t own he was heading for, so t he angels of mercy t ook him. It was said t hat when he was dying, he moved himself (t owards t hat t own), and Allah commanded t he good t own t o move closer t o him and t he ot her t own t o move away. This is basic meaning of t he Hadit h; we have quot ed it in full elsewhere. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, comment ed on t he Ayah:

∇やヲ⊥トレ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び⇔ゅバΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ルグぁ ャや ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ョ (Say: "O My servant s who have t ransgressed against t hemselves! Despair not of t he mercy of Allah, verily, Allah forgives all sins...'') sAllah invit es all t o His forgiveness; t hose who claim t hat t he Messiah is God, t hose who claim t hat t he Messiah is t he son of God, t hose who claim t hat ` Uzayr is t he son of God, t hose who claim t hat Allah is poor, t hose who claim t hat t he Hand of Allah is t ied up, and t hose who say t hat Allah is t he t hird of t hree ぴTrinit yび. Allah says t o all of t hese:

∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よヲ⊥わΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ

(Will t hey not t urn in repent ance t o Allah and ask His forgiveness For Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (5:74). And He calls t o repent ance t he one who says somet hing even worse t han t hat , t he one who says, ` I am your Lord most high,' and says,

びン͡ゲ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ ("I know not t hat you have a god ot her t han me.'') (28:38). Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "Anyone who makes t he servant s of Allah despair of His mercy aft er t his, has rej ect ed t he Book of Allah, but a person cannot repent unt il Allah decrees t hat he should repent .'' At -Tabarani recorded t hat Shut ayr bin Shakal said, "I heard Ibn Mas` ud say, ` The great est Ayah in t he Book of Allah is:

び ュ⊥ ヲぁΒボ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (Allah! None has t he right t o be worshipped but He, t he Ever Living, t he One Who sust ains and prot ect s all t hat exist s)(2:255). The most comprehensive Ayah in t he Qur'an concerning good and evil is:

び͡ラゅ∠ジ∇ェ∇Ηや∠ヱ メ ͡ ∇ギバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah enj oins j ust ice and Al-Ihsan) (16:90). The Ayah in t he Qur'an which brings t he most relief is in Surat Az-Zumar:

∇やヲ⊥トレ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リョ͡ (Say: "O My servant s who have t ransgressed against t hemselves! Despair not of t he mercy of Allah.'') And t he clearest Ayah in t he Qur'an about reliance on Allah is:

∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇ホコ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ィ∠ゲ∇ガョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ∠バ∇イΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ わｚ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ょジ ͡ わ∠ ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ (And whosoever has Taqwa of Allah, He will make a way for him t o get out (from every difficult y). And He will provide him from (sources) he never could imagine) (65:2-3).' Masruq said t o him; ` You have spoken t he t rut h.'''

Hadiths which tell us not to despair Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah , say:

ほ∠ヤ∠∇ヨゎ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ほト ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» ユ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや ユｚ を⊥ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠Αゅ∠トカ ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ザ ⊥ ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∩∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ピ∠ ャ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ や ｚユを⊥ ∩∠ラヲ⊥ゃト ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ よ͡ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ￢∠ ゅ∠イャ∠ やヲ⊥ゃト ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ «ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ プ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (By t he One in Whose Hand is my soul, if you were t o commit sin unt il your sins filled t he space bet ween heaven and eart h, t hen you were t o ask Allah for forgiveness, He would forgive you. By t he One in Whose Hand is t he soul of Muhammad, if you did not commit sin, Allah would bring ot her people who would commit sins and t hen ask Allah for forgiveness so t hat He could forgive t hem.)'' This was recorded only by Ahmad. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Ayyub AlAnsari, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, as he was on his deat hbed, "I have concealed somet hing from you t hat I heard from t he Messenger of Allah ; he said:

ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ペ ∠ ヤ∠ガ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らル͡ ∇グゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ∇ヲャ∠» «ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ラヲ⊥らル͡ ∇グΑ⊥ (If you did not commit sins, Allah would creat e people who would sin so t hat He could forgive t hem.)'' This was recorded by Imam Ahmad; it was also recorded by Muslim in his Sahih, and by At -Tirmidhi. Allah encourages His servant s t o hast en t o repent , as He says:

び⊥ヮャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥らΒ⇒͡ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t urn in repent ance (and in obedience wit h t rue fait h) t o your Lord and submit t o Him) meaning, t urn back t o Allah and submit yourselves t o Him.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥ゎ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョぴ (before t he t orment comes upon you, (and) t hen you will not be helped.) means, hast en t o repent and do right eous deeds before His wrat h comes upon you.

び∇ユ⇒⊥ムよあ ケｚ リあョ ユ⊥ム∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇やヲ⇒⊥バら͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And follow t he best of t hat which is sent down t o you from your Lord,) means, t he Qur'an.

Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ⇒⊥ムΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リあョぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ (before t he t orment comes on you suddenly while you perceive not !) means, wit hout you realizing it .

ヴ͡プ ろ ⊥ デ ∠ ゲｚ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠ゎゲ∠ ∇ジエ ∠ Α ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや ょ ͡ レ∠ィ (Lest a person should say: "Alas, my grief t hat I was undut iful t o Allah...'') means, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t he sinner who neglect ed t o repent and t urn back t o Allah will regret it , and will wish t hat he had been one of t he right eous who obeyed Allah.

び∠リΑ͡ゲガ ͡ ⇒ｚジャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (and I was indeed among t hose who mocked.) means, ` my act ions in t his world were t hose of one who ridicules and makes fun, not of one who has firm fait h and is sincere.'

-リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ レ⇒⊥ムャ∠ ヴ͡ルや∠ギワ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ り⇔ ゲｚ ⇒∠ミ ヴ͡ャ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ン∠ゲゎ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミほ∠プ∠ (Or (lest ) he should say: "If only Allah had guided me, I should indeed have been among t hose who have Taqwa ''. Or he should say when he sees t he t orment : "If only I had anot her chance, t hen I should indeed be among t he doers of good.'') means, he will wish t hat he could go back t o t his world, so t hat he could do right eous deeds. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "Allah t ells us what His servant s will say before t hey say it and what t hey will do before t hey do it . He says:

び∃ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ マ ∠ ゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And none can inform you like Him Who is t he All-Knower) (35:14).

ヴ͡プ ろ ⊥ デ ∠ ゲｚ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠ゎゲ∠ ∇ジエ ∠ Α ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ ∇ヲャ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲガ ͡ ⇒ｚジャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ょ ͡ レ∠ィ

リ ∠ Β͡ェ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ レ⇒⊥ムャ∠ ヴ͡ルや∠ギワ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミほ∠プ∠ り⇔ ゲｚ ⇒∠ミ ヴ͡ャ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ン∠ゲゎ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Lest a person should say: "Alas, my grief t hat I was undut iful t o Allah, and I was indeed among t hose who mocked.'' Or he should say: "If only Allah had guided me, I should indeed have been among t hose who have Taqwa.'' Or he should say when he sees t he t orment : "If only I had anot her chance, t hen I should indeed be among t he doers of good.''). Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

∇ヲャ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ バ∠ ∇ボョ∠ ン∠ゲΑ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ぁモミ⊥ » ぁモミ⊥ ヱ∠ :メゅホ ∩⇔りゲ∠ ∇ジェ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡ルや∠ギワ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ∇ヲャ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ バ∠ ∇ボョ∠ ン∠ゲΑ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ «や⇔ゲ∇ムセ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ :メゅホ ∩ヶ͡ルや∠ギワ∠ ぶ ∠ や (Each of t he people of Hell will be shown his place in Paradise and he will say, "If only Allah had guided me!'' so it will be a source of regret for him. And each of t he people of Paradise will be shown his place in Hell and he will say, "If it were not for t he fact t hat Allah guided me,'' so it will be a cause of t hanks.)'' It was also narrat ed by An-Nasa'i. When t he sinners wish t hat t hey could ret urn t o t his world so t hat t hey could believe t he Ayat of Allah and follow His Messengers, Allah will say:

れ ∠ ∇ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ろ ∠ ∇よグｚ ム∠ プ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒∠Αや∠￢ マ ∠ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠よぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミヱ∠ (Yes! Verily, t here came t o you My Ayat and you denied t hem, and were proud and were among t he disbelievers.) meaning, ` O you who regret what you did, My Ayat did come t o you in t he world, and My proof was est ablished against you, but you rej ect ed it and were t oo arrogant t o follow it , and you were among t hose who disbelieved in it .'

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よグ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン∠ゲゎ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ン⇔ヲ∇んョ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ͡プ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ ∀りキｚ ∠ヲ∇ジョぁ ユ⊥ヰワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥

Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ コ∠ ゅ∠ヘヨ∠ よ͡ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴあイレ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲらあ ム∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ ヲぁジャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ぁジヨ∠ Α∠ (60. And on t he Day of Resurrect ion you will see t hose who lied against Allah - t heir faces will be black. Is t here not in Hell an abode for t he arrogant ) (61. And Allah will deliver t hose who have Taqwa t o t heir places of success. Evil shall t ouch t hem not , nor shall t hey grieve.)

The Consequences for Those Who tell Lies against Allah and for Those Who have Taqwa Allah t ells us t hat on t he Day of Resurrect ion, some faces will be blackened and some will be whit ened. The faces of t hose who followed split s and divisions will be blackened, and t he faces of Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jama` ah will be whit ened. Allah says here:

び͡ヮヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よグ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン∠ゲゎ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And on t he Day of Resurrect ion you will see t hose who lied against Allah) meaning, by t heir claims t hat He had part ners or offspring.

び∀りキｚ ヲ∠ ∇ジョぁ ユ⊥ヰワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ぴ (t heir faces will be black.) means, because of t heir lies and fabricat ions.

び∠リΑ͡ゲらあ ム∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ン⇔ヲ∇んョ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ͡プ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Is t here not in Hell an abode for t he arrogant ) means, is not Hell sufficient for t hem as a prison and humiliat ing final dest inat ion, because of t heir st ubborn pride, arrogance and refusal t o follow t he t rut h

び∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ コ∠ ゅ∠ヘヨ∠ よ͡ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴあイレ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah will deliver t hose who are t hose who have Taqwa t o t heir places of success.) means, because of what Allah has decreed for t hem of happiness and vict ory.

び⊥￢ヲぁジャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ぁジヨ∠ Α∠ Ι ∠ぴ (Evil shall t ouch t hem not , ) means, on t he Day of Resurrect ion.

び∠ラヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(nor shall t hey grieve.) means, t he great er t error (of t hat Day) will not cause t hem grief, for t hey will be safe from all grief and removed from all evil, and t hey will at t ain all t hat is good.

∀モΒ͡ミヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ モ⊥ミ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ モ あ ⇒⊥ミ ペ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠カ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ギ⊥ Β͡ャゅ∠ボョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇Βピ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ヴあルヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ マ ∠ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ リ ｚト ∠ ら∠ ∇エΒ∠ ャ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ リ ∠ ョあ リ⊥ミヱ∠ ∇ギら⊥ ∇ハゅプ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや モ ͡ よ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ∠ルヲ⊥ム∠わ∠ャ∠ヱ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャや (62. Allah is t he Creat or of all t hings, and He is t he Trust ee over all t hings.) (63. To Him belong t he Maqalid of t he heavens and t he eart h. And t hose who disbelieve in t he Ayat of Allah, such are t hey who will be t he losers.) (64. Say: "Do you order me t o worship ot her t han Allah O you fools!'') (65. And indeed it has been revealed t o you, as it was t o t hose before you: "If you j oin ot hers in worship wit h Allah, surely your deeds will be in vain, and you will cert ainly be among t he losers.'') (66. Nay! But worship Allah, and be among t he grat eful.)

Allah is the Creator and Controller, and associating others in worship with Him cancels out Good Deeds Allah t ells us t hat He is t he Creat or, Lord, Sovereign and Cont roller of all t hings; everyt hing is subj ect t o His dominion, power and guardianship.

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ギ⊥ Β͡ャゅ∠ボョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚャぴ (To Him belong t he Maqalid of t he heavens and t he eart h.) Muj ahid said, "Maqalid means ` keys' in Persian.'' This was also t he view of Qat adah, Ibn Zayd and Sufyan bin ` Uyaynah. As-Suddi said:

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ギ⊥ Β͡ャゅ∠ボョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚャぴ (To Him belong t he Maqalid of t he heavens and t he eart h.) "The t reasures of t he heavens and t he eart h.'' Bot h opinions mean t hat t he cont rol of all t hings is in t he Hand of Allah, may He be blessed and exalt ed, for His is t he dominion and t o Him is t he praise, and He is able t o do all t hings. He says:

び͡ヮヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who disbelieve in t he Ayat of Allah,) meaning, His proof and evidence,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺぴ (such are t hey who will be t he losers.)

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ヴあルヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇Βピ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Do you order me t o worship ot her t han Allah O you fools!'') The reason for t he revelat ion of t his Ayah was narrat ed by Ibn Abi Hat im and ot hers from Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat t he idolat ors in t heir ignorance called t he Messenger of Allah t o worship t heir gods, t hen t hey would worship his God wit h him. Then t hese words were revealed:

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ヴあルヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇Βピ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ リ ｚト ∠ ら∠ ∇エΒ∠ ャ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ び (Say: "Do you order me t o worship ot her t han Allah O you fools!'' And indeed it has been revealed t o you, as it was t o t hose before you: "If you j oin ot hers in worship wit h Allah, surely your deeds will be in vain, and you will cert ainly be among t he losers.'') This is like t he Ayah:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ テ ∠ ら͡ エ ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (But if t hey had j oined in worship ot hers wit h Allah, all t hat t hey used t o do would have been of no benefit t o t hem.) (6:88).

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャや リ ∠ ョあ リ⊥ミヱ∠ ∇ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや モ ͡ よ∠ ぴ (Nay! But worship Allah, and be among t he grat eful.) means, ` you and t hose who follow you and believe in you should make your worship sincerely for Allah Alone, wit h no part ner or associat e.'

ゅ⇔⇒バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ロ͡ ケ͡ ∇ギホ∠ ペ ｚェ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ケギ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ レ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ ろ ∀ ⇒ｚΑヲ͡ ∇トョ∠ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ツ∇らホ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ (67. They made not a j ust est imat e of Allah such as is due t o Him. And on t he Day of Resurrect ion t he whole of t he eart h will be grasped by His Hand and t he heavens will be rolled up in His Right Hand. Glorified be He, and High be He above all t hat t hey associat e as part ners wit h Him!)

The Idolators did not make a just Estimate of Allah such as is due to Him

び͡ロケ͡ ∇ギホ∠ ペ ｚェ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ケギ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (They made not a j ust est imat e of Allah such as is due t o Him.) means, t he idolat ors did not give Allah His due when t hey worshipped ot hers alongside Him. He is t he Almight y, and t here is none might ier t han Him; He is t he One Who is able t o do all t hings; He is t he Owner of all t hings and everyt hing is under His cont rol and power. Muj ahid said, "This was revealed concerning Quraysh.'' As-Suddi said, "They did not venerat e Him as He deserves t o be venerat ed.'' Muhammad bin Ka` b said, "If t hey had made a j ust est imat e of Allah such as is due t o Him, t hey would not have lied.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said:

び͡ロケ͡ ∇ギホ∠ ペ ｚェ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ケギ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (They made not a j ust est imat e of Allah such as is due t o Him.) "These are t he disbeliever who did not believe t hat Allah had power over t hem. Whoever believes t hat Allah is able t o do all t hings, has made a j ust est imat e of Allah such as is due t o Him, and whoever does not believe t hat , has not made a j ust est imat e of Allah such as is due t o Him.'' Many Hadit hs have been narrat ed concerning t his Ayah and how it and ot her Ayat like it are t o be int erpret ed and accept ed wit hout any at t empt s t o t wist or change t he meaning. Concerning t he Ayah,

び͡ロケ͡ ∇ギホ∠ ペ ｚェ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ケギ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (They made not a j ust est imat e of Allah such as is due t o Him. ) Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "One of t he rabbis came t o t he Messenger of Allah and said, ` O Muhammad! We learn t hat Allah will put t he heavens on one finger, t he eart hs on one finger, t he t rees on one finger, t he wat er and dust on one finger, and t he rest of creat ion on one finger, t hen He will say: I am t he King.' The Messenger of Allah smiled so broadly t hat his molars could be seen, in confirmat ion of what t he rabbi had said. Then t he Messenger of Allah recit ed:

ゅ⇔⇒バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ロ͡ ケ͡ ∇ギホ∠ ペ ｚェ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ケギ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び͡るヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ツ∇らホ∠ (They made not a j ust est imat e of Allah such as is due t o Him. And on t he Day of Resurrect ion t he whole of t he eart h will be grasped by His Hand).'' Al-Bukhari also recorded t his in ot her places of his Sahih. It was also recorded by Imam Ahmad and Muslim, and by At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i in t he (books of) Tafsir in t heir Sunans. Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah say:

￢∠ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヵ͡ヲ∇トΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヂ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ボΑ∠ » ポ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤョ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∩⊥マヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡ヮレ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ «∨͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや (Allah will grasp t he eart h and roll up t he heavens in His Right Hand, t hen He will say: "I am t he King, where are t he kings of t he eart h'')'' This version was recorded only by Al-Bukhari; Muslim recorded anot her version. Al-Bukhari also recorded from Ibn ` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヂ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» ∩͡ヮレ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ れ ⊥ や∠ヲヨｚジャや ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∃ノら⊥ ∇タぺ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ッケ∠ ほ∠∇ャや «マ͡ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ (On t he Day of Resurrect ion, Allah, may He be blessed and exalt ed, will grasp t he eart h wit h one finger, and t he heavens will be in His Right Hand, t hen He will say, "I am t he King.'') This version was also recorded by Al-Bukhari It is recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah recit ed t his Ayah on t he Minbar one day:

ゅ⇔⇒バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ やヱ∠ ロ͡ ケ͡ ∇ギホ∠ ペ ｚェ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ケギ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ レ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ ろ ∀ ⇒ｚΑヲ͡ ∇トョ∠ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ツ∇らホ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ (They made not a j ust est imat e of Allah such as is due t o Him. On t he Day of Resurrect ion t he whole eart h will be grasped by His Hand and t he heavens will be rolled up in His Right Hand. Glorified be He, and High be He above all t hat t hey associat e as part ners wit h Him!) The Messenger of Allah said while moving his hand forward and backward:

ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ∩⊥ゲらあ ム∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ∩⊥ケゅｚらイ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ :ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ゆ ぁ ゲｚ ャや ギ⊥ あイヨ∠ Α⊥ » «ユΑ͡ゲム∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ∩⊥ゴΑ͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ∩⊥マヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや (And t he Lord will glorify Himself, saying "I am Compeller, I am t he Proud, I am t he King, I am t he Might y, I am t he Most Generous.'') And t he Minbar shook so much t hat we feared t hat t he Messenger of Allah would fall.'' This was also recorded by Muslim, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah.

れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ペ ∠ バ͡ ダ ∠ プ∠ ケ͡ ヲぁダャや ヴ͡プ オ ∠ ヘ͡ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ Β͡プ オ ∠ ヘ͡ ル⊥ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやろ ͡ ホ∠ ゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∀ュゅ∠Β͡ホ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ リ ∠ ∇ΒΒあ ら͡ レｚ ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ ヴ⇒͡ィヱ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ノ∠ ッ ͡ ヱ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよあ ケ∠ ケ͡ ヲ⊥レよ͡ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢͡ へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚョ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ろΒ∠ プあ ヱ⊥ ヱ∠ び (68. And t he Trumpet will be blown, and all who are in t he heavens and all who are on t he eart h will swoon away, except him whom Allah wills. Then it will be blown anot her t ime, and behold t hey will be st anding, looking on.) (69. And t he eart h will shine wit h t he light of it s Lord, and t he Book will be present ed, and t he Prophet s and t he wit nesses will be brought forward, and it will be j udged bet ween t hem wit h t rut h, and t hey will not be wronged.) (70. And each person will be paid in full of what he did; and He is Best Aware of what t hey do.)

The Blast of the Trumpet, the Judgement and the Recompense Allah t ells us about t he t errors of t he Day of Judgement , wit h it s might y signs and t errifying upheaval.

れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ペ ∠ バ͡ ダ ∠ プ∠ ケ͡ ヲぁダャや ヴ͡プ オ ∠ ヘ͡ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ヮヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ (And t he Trumpet will be blown and all who are in t he heavens and all who are on t he eart h will swoon away, except him whom Allah wills.) This will be t he second t rumpet -blast , which

will cause people t o die. By t his t rumpet -blast , everyone who is alive in t he heavens and on eart h will be caused t o die, except for him whom Allah wills. Then t he souls of t he remaining creat ures will be t aken, unt il t he last one t o die will be t he Angel of Deat h, and t here will be left only t he Ever Living, Et ernal One, Who was t here in t he beginning and will be at t he end, forever. He will say t hree t imes,

び∠ュ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャあぴ ("Whose is t he kingdom t his day''), t hen He will answer Himself:

び͡ケゅｚヰボ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ぴ ("It is Allah's, t he One, t he Irresist ible!'') (40:16). ` I am t he One exist ing Alone, I subj ugat ed all t hings and I decreed t hat all t hings must come t o an end.' Then t he first one t o be brought back t o life will be Israfil, and Allah will command him t o sound t he Trumpet again. This will be t he t hird t rumpet -blast , t he t rumpet -blast of Resurrect ion. Allah says:

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∀ュゅ∠Β͡ホ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ヮ͡ Βプ͡ オ ∠ ヘ͡ ル⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then it will be blown anot her t ime, and behold t hey will be st anding, looking on) means, aft er t hey have been bones and dust , t hey will come alive, looking at t he t errors of t he Day of Resurrect ion. This is like t he Ayat :

び͡りゲ∠ ワ͡ ゅｚジャゅ͡ら∇ヨワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ∇ィコ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (But it will be only a single Zaj rah, when behold, t hey find t hemselves alive.) (79:13-14)

ラ͡ま ラ ∠ ヲぁレヌ ⊥ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジわ∠ プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャｚ (On t he Day when He will call you, and you will respond wit h His praise, and you will t hink t hat you have st ayed (in t his world) but a lit t le while!) (17:52), and

ｚユを⊥ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ュ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ へ∠クま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョあ り⇔ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ハキ∠ や∠クま͡ (And among His signs is t hat t he heaven and t he eart h st and by His command. Then aft erwards when He will call you by a single call, behold, you will come out from t he eart h.) (30:25) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat a man said t o ` Abdullah bin ` Amr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, "You say t hat t he Hour will come at such and such t ime.'' He said, "I t hought t hat I would not narrat e t o you anymore. All t hat I said was t hat aft er a lit t le while you would see somet hing of great

import ance.'' ` Abdullah bin ` Amr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ゑ ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヨΒ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ヶ͡プ メ ⊥ ゅｚィギｚ ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ » (The Daj j al will emerge in my Ummah and he will st ay among t hem for fort y. ) I do not know whet her he said fort y days or fort y mont hs or fort y years or fort y night s.

り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ヴ∠ャゅバ∠ ゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΒ∠ プ∠ » ゲ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ヌΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ぁヶヘ͡ ボ∠ んｚ ャや キ∃ ヲ⊥バ∇ジョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よ り⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ゲハ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∩⊥ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レシ ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゑ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ム⊥ ヤ͡∇ヰΒ⊥ プ∠ ぶ ⊥ や モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩∀りヱ∠ や∠ギハ ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇をや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ∩ゅ⇔バ∇らシ ∠ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇らΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩͡ュゅｚゼャや モ ͡ ら∠ ホ͡ ∇リョ͡ り⇔ キ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠よ ゅ⇔エΑ͡ケ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∇わツ ∠ ら∠ ホ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇リョ͡ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヶ͡プ «ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ギ∠ ャ∠ モ ∃ ら∠ ィ ∠ ギ͡ ら͡ ミ∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ (Then Allah will send ` Isa bin Maryam, peace be upon him, who resembles ` Urwah bin Mas` ud At h-Thaqafi, and he will prevail. Allah will dest roy him (t he Daj j al), t hen aft er t hat mankind will live for seven years wit h no enmit y bet ween any t wo people. Then Allah will send a cool wind from t he direct ion of Ash-Sham, which will t ake t he soul of every person who has even a speck of fait h in his heart ; even if one of t hem were t o be inside t he heart of a mount ain, it would ent er upon him.)'' He said, "I heard it from t he Messenger of Allah :

͡ュゅ∠ヤ∇ェ∠ぺ∠ヱ ゲ͡ ∇Βト ｚ ャや る͡ ヘｚ カ ͡ ヶ͡プ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ケ⊥ や∠ゲセ ͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ら∠Α∠ヱ» ∩や⇔ゲム∠ ∇レョ⊥ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム͡ ∇レΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔プヱ⊥ゲ∇バョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩ネゅ∠らジ あ ャや ∨∠ラヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ⊥ んｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ Β∠ プ∠ :メゅホ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ゅヰ∠ ル∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΒ∠ プ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠を∇ヱほ∠∇ャや り͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡プ オ ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇Βハ ∠ リ ∀ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ や∠コ∇ケぺ∠ ∀りケｚ や∠キ

∇リョ∠ メ ⊥ ヱｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ヴ∠ピ∇タぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩͡ケヲぁダャや ヴ∠ボ∇らΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥ペバ∠ ∇ダΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ッ ∠ ∇ヲェ ∠ ヅ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤΑ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ∩⊥ヮバ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇レΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やモ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠ペバ͡ タ ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラゅヨバル マセ モ ぁヌ あ ャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ モ ぁト ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ や⇔ゲ∠ト∠ョ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ オ ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡サゅｚレャや キ⊥ ゅ∠ジ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ⊥ ら⊥ ∇レわ∠ プ∠ ヴャ͡ま やヲぁヨヤ⊥ワ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠ラヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ∀ュゅ∠Β͡ホ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ あよケ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ゃ∇ジョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘホ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (There will be left t he most evil of people, as light as birds and wit h t he hard heart s of wild predat ors. They will not recognize any good or denounce any evil. Then Shayt an will appear t o t hem and say, "Will you not obey me'' Then he will command t hem t o worship idols and t hey will worship t hem. At t hat t ime t hey will have ample provision and a good st andard of living. Then t he Trumpet will be blown, and no one will hear it but he will t ilt his head t o list en. The first one t o hear it will be a man who is filling his wat er t rough, and he will die when he hears it . Then t here will be no one left who has not died. Then Allah will send) -- or -- send down (rain like drizzle) -- or -- shade -- An-Nu` man ぴone of t he narrat orsび was not sure of it s wording (from which t he bodies of t he people will grow. Then t he Trumpet will be blown once more, and t hey will be st anding, looking on. Then it will be said, "O mankind, come t o your Lord, (But st op t hem, verily, t hey are t o be quest ioned) (37:24). Then it will be said,

:メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∨∇ユミ∠ :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ :メゅホ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや ゑ ∠ ∇バよ∠ やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠» グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡バ∇ジゎ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ バ∠ ∇ジゎ͡ ヱ∠ る∃ も∠ ゅ͡ヨバ∠ ∇ジゎ͡ ブ ∃ ∇ャぺ∠ あモミ⊥ ∇リョ͡ «ベゅ∠シ ∇リハ ∠ ブ ⊥ ゼ ∠ ∇ムΑ⊥ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔らΒ͡セ ラ ⊥ や∠ギ∇ャヲ͡ ∇ャや ゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ("Send fort h t he people of Hell.'' It will be said, "How many'' It will said, "From every t housand, nine hundred and ninet y- nine.'' On t hat Day, children will be resurrect ed gray-haired, and on t hat Day t he Shin will be laid bare.)'' This was recorded by Muslim in his Sahih. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Prophet said:

«ラヲ⊥バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ガ ∠ ∇ヘレｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ»

(Bet ween t he t wo blast s, t here will be only fort y. ) They said, "O Abu Hurayrah, fort y days'' He, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "I do not know.'' They said, "Fort y years'' He said, "I do not know.'' They said, "Fort y mont hs'' He said, "I do not know.''

ヮ͡ Β͡プ ヮ͡ ら͡ ル∠ ク∠ ょ ∠ ∇イハ ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ジ∇ルみ͡∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤ∇らΑ∠ ヱ∠ » «ペ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ｚミゲ∠ Α⊥ (Every part of a man will disinegrat e apart from t he root of his backbone, and out of t hat he will be creat ed anew.)

びゅ∠ヰよあ ケ∠ ケ͡ ヲ⊥レよ͡ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやろ ͡ ホ∠ ゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he eart h will shine wit h t he light of it s Lord,) means, it will shine bright ly on t he Day of Resurrect ion when t he Trut h (Allah), may He be glorified and exalt ed, manifest s Himself t o His creat ion, t o pass j udgement .

び⊥ょ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ノ∠ ッ ͡ ヱ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t he Book will be present ed). Qat adah said, "The Book of deeds.''

び∠リ∇ΒΒあ ら͡ レｚ ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ ヴ⇒͡ィヱ∠ ぴ (and t he Prophet s will be brought forward,) Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "They will bear wit ness against t he nat ions, t est if ying t hat t hey conveyed t he Message of Allah t o t hem.''

び⊥￢へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや∠ヱぴ (and t he wit nesses) means, wit nesses from among t he angels who record t he deeds of all, good and evil alike.

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and it will be j udged bet ween t hem wit h t rut h, ) means, wit h j ust ice.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey will not be wronged.) Allah says:

ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ヌゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ テ ∠ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ Α͡コヲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ツ ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∃ キ∠ ∇ゲカ ∠ ∇リョあ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル びリ ∠ Β͡らジ ͡ ⇒∠ェ ゅ∠レ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ (And We shall set up Balances of j ust ice on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hen none will be dealt wit h unj ust ly in anyt hing. And if t here be t he weight of a must ard seed, We will bring it . And Sufficient are We t o t ake account .) (21:47)

る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ マ ⊥ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ルギ⊥ ｚャ リ͡ョ れ ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヘバ͡ ⇒∠ツΑ⊥ (Surely, Allah wrongs not even of t he weight of a speck of dust , but if t here is any good (done), He doubles it , and gives from Him a great reward.) (4:40) Allah says:

び∇ろヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚョ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ろΒ∠ プあ ヱ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And each person will be paid in full of what he did;) meaning, of good and evil.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He is Best Aware of what t hey do).

や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ や⇔ゲ∠ョコ⊥ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ⇒∠ミ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ペ ∠ Β͡シヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ べ∠ヰわ⊥ ル∠ ゴ∠ カ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∇ろエ ∠ わ͡ プ⊥ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ケグ͡ レ⊥Αヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ ∀モシ ⊥ ケ⊥ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ ∇リム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユム⊥ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢∠ べ⇒∠ボャ͡ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや モ ∠ Β͡ホ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや びリ ∠ Α͡ゲらあ ⇒∠ムわ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ヲ∇んョ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ (71. And t hose who disbelieved will be driven t o Hell in groups t ill when t hey reach it , t he gat es t hereof will be opened. And it s keepers will say: "Did not t he Messengers come t o you

from yourselves, recit ing t o you t he Ayat of your Lord, and warning you of t he meet ing of t his Day of yours'' They will say: "Yes,'' but t he Word of t orment has been j ust ified against t he disbelievers!) (72. It will be said: "Ent er you t he gat es of Hell, t o abide t herein. And what an evil abode of t he arrogant !'')

How the Disbelievers will be driven to Hell Allah t ells us how t he doomed disbeliever will be driven t o Hell by force, wit h t hreat s and warnings. This is like t he Ayah:

び ゅ６ハキ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ル ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲぁハギ∠ Α⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day when t hey will be pushed down by force t o t he fire of Hell, wit h a horrible, forceful pushing.) (52:13) swhich means, t hey will be pushed and forced t owards it , and t hey will be ext remely t hirst y, as Allah says:

ベ ⊥ ヲ⊥ジル∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ギ∇プヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び や⇔キ∇ケヱ͡ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや (The Day We shall gat her t hose who have Taqwa unt o t he Most Gracious, like a delegat ion. And We shall drive t he criminals t o Hell, in a t hirst y st at e.) (19:85-86) When t hey are in t hat st at e, t hey will be blind, dumb and deaf, and some of t hem will be walking on t heir faces:

ゅ⇔Β∇ヨハ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ル∇キコ͡ ∇ろら∠ カ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョｚ ゅ６ヨタ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ムよ⊥ ヱ∠ びや⇔ゲΒ͡バシ ∠ (and We shall gat her t hem t oget her on t he Day of Resurrect ion on t heir faces, blind, dumb and deaf; t heir abode will be Hell; whenever it abat es, We shall increase for t hem t he fierceness of t he Fire) (17:97).

びゅ∠ヰよ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∇ろエ ∠ わ͡ プ⊥ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (t ill when t hey reach it , t he gat es t hereof will be opened.) means, as soon as t hey arrive, t he gat es will be opened quickly, in order t o hast en on t heir punishment . Then t he keepers of Hell, who are st ern angels, severe and st rong, will say t o t hem by way of rebuking and reprimanding:

び∇ユム⊥ レあョ ∀モシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ

(Did not t he Messengers come t o you from yourselves,) meaning, ` of your own kind, so t hat you could have spoken t o t hem and learned from t hem,'

び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∇わ∠Αぴ (recit ing t o you t he Ayat of your Lord,) means, ` est ablishing proof against you t hat what t hey brought t o you was t rue,'

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユム⊥ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ケグ͡ レ⊥Αヱ∠ ぴ (and warning you of t he meet ing of t his Day of yours) means, ` warning you of t he evil of t his Day.' The disbeliever will say t o t hem:

びヴ∠ヤよ∠ ぴ (Yes,) meaning, ` t hey did come t o us and warn us and est ablish proof and evidence against us,'

び∠リΑ͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ ∇リム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but t he Word of t orment has been j ust ified against t he disbelievers!) means, ` but we rej ect ed t hem and went against t hem, because we were already doomed, as it was decreed t hat we would be, because we had t urned away from t he t rut h t owards falsehood.' This is like t he Ayat :

∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ べ∠ヰわ⊥ ル∠ ゴ∠ カ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ほ∠シ ∠ ∀ァ∇ヲ∠プ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヴ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ び∀ゲΑ͡グル∠ (Every t ime a group is cast t herein, it s keeper will ask: "Did no warner come t o you'' They will say: "Yes, indeed a warner came t o us, but we denied him and said: ` Allah never revealed anyt hing; you are only in great error.''' And t hey will say: "Had we but list ened or used our int elligence, we would not have been among t he dwellers of t he blazing Fire!'') (67:9-10) which means, t hey will feel regret and will blame t hemselves.

び ゲ͡ Β͡バジ ｚ ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タΙ ６ ゅ⇔ボ∇エジ ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ら͡ ル∠グよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ハゅ∠プぴ (Then t hey will confess t heir sin. So, away wit h t he dwellers of t he blazing Fire!) (67:11) means, t hey are lost and doomed.

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや モ ∠ Β͡ホぴ (It will be said (t o t hem): "Ent er you t he gat es of Hell, t o abide t herein...'') means everyone who sees t hem and t he sit uat ion t hey are in, will t est ify t hat t hey deserve t he punishment .

These words are not at t ribut ed t o any specific person, but t hey are said as an indicat ion t hat t he ent ire universe will bear wit ness t hat t hey deserve what t hey are suffering, in accordance wit h t he j udgement of t he Most Just , t he All-Knowing. Allah says:

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや モ ∠ Β͡ホぴ (It will be said (t o t hem): "Ent er you t he gat es of Hell, t o abide t herein...'') meaning, ` t o st ay t here forever; you will never leave or depart .'

び∠リΑ͡ゲらあ ⇒∠ムわ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ヲ∇んョ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ プ∠ ぴ (And (indeed) what an evil abode of t he arrogant !) means, ` what an evil dest iny and what an evil place t o st ay, because of your arrogance in t his world and your refusal t o follow t he t rut h; t his is what has led you t o t his, what an evil st at e and what an evil final dest inat ion!'

ヴｚわェ ∠ や⇔ゲ∠ョコ⊥ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ャ∂や ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ペ ∠ Β͡シヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ ル∠ ゴ∠ カ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∇ろエ ∠ わ͡ プ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ⇒∠ホヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キゅ∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らデ ͡ ∇ユ⇒⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ゅ∠レを∠ ケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ゅ∠レホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨ⇒∠エ∇ャや びリ ∠ Β͡ヤヨ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ユ∠ ∇バレ͡ プ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぺ⊥ヲｚ ら∠ わ∠ ル∠ (73. And t hose who had Taqwa will be led t o Paradise in groups t ill when t hey reach it , and it s gat es will be opened and it s keepers will say: "Salam ` Alaykum (peace be upon you)! You have done well, so ent er here t o abide t herein forever.'') (74. And t hey will say: "All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah Who has fulfilled His promise t o us and has made us inherit t he land. We can dwell in Paradise where we will; how excellent a reward for t he workers!'')

The Believers will be taken to Paradise Here Allah t ells us about t he blessed believers, who will be t aken t o Paradise in groups, one group aft er anot her, st art ing wit h t he best of t hem: t hose who are closest t o Allah, t hen t he most right eous, t hen t he next best and t he next best . Each group will be wit h ot hers like t hem, Prophet s wit h Prophet s, t he t rue believers wit h t heir peers, t he mart yrs wit h t heir count erpart s, t he scholars wit h t heir colleagues, every group composed of people of t he same kind.

びゅ∠ワヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ

(t ill when t hey reach it ,) means, when t hey arrive at t he gat es of Paradise, aft er passing over t he Sirat , where t hey will be det ained on a bridge bet ween Paradise and Hell, and any inj ust ices t hat exist ed bet ween t hem in t his world will be set t led unt il t hey have all been purified from sin t hrough t his t rial. Then permission will be grant ed for t hem t o ent er Paradise. It was recorded in t he Hadit h about t he Trumpet t hat when t he believers reach t he gat es of Paradise, t hey will consult one anot her as t o who should ask permission for t hem t o ent er. They will ask Adam, t hen Nuh, t hen Ibrahim, t hen Musa, t hen ` Isa, t hen Muhammad (may blessings and peace be upon t hem all). This is akin t o what will happen in t he arena of j udgement , when t hey will ask for someone t o int ercede for t hem wit h Allah when He comes t o pass j udgement . This is t o show t he noble posit ion of Muhammad above t he rest of mankind in all sit uat ions. In Sahih Muslim, it is report ed t hat Anas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

«るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ノ∃ Β͡ヘセ ∠ メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ» (I will be t he first int ercessor in Paradise.) According t o t he wording of Muslim:

«るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ ゅ∠よ ネ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ » (I will be t he first one t o knock at t he gat es of Paradise.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ウ ⊥ わ͡ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇シほ∠プ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ ゅ∠よ ヶ͡ゎへ» :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホほ∠プ∠ ∨∠ろ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ :ラ ⊥ コ͡ ゅ∠ガ∇ャや «マ∠ヤ∇らホ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ ウ ∠ わ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ マ ∠ よ͡ (I will come t o t he gat e of Paradise on t he Day of Resurrect ion and will ask for it t o be opened. The gat ekeeper will say, "Who are you'' I will say "Muhammad.'' He will say, "I was t old about you and t hat I was not t o open t he gat e for anyone before you.'')'' It was also recorded by Muslim. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

り͡ ケ∠ ヲ⊥タ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヲ∠ タ ⊥ ∩∠る⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ア ⊥ ヤ͡ゎ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ ∇ョコ⊥ メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠» ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボダ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩͡ケ∇ギら∠ ∇ャや る∠ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ Β∠ ル͡ へ ∩ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥デヲｚ ピ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥トガ ͡ わ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ り⊥ ｚヲャ⊥ほ∠∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ͡ ゅ∠イョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥るツ ｚ ヘ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ⊥ ワ∠ ｚグャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ デ ⊥ ゅ∠ゼ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ラゅ∠わィ ∠ ∇ヱコ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ギ∃ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ モ あ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥マ∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ エ ⊥ ∇セケ∠ ヱ∠

ゅ∠ャ ∩͡リ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ͡ ∇エヤｚャや ￢͡ や∠ケヱ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヨ͡ヰ͡ホゅ∠シ ぁオョ⊥ ン∠ゲΑ⊥ ょ ∃ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∩∠ヂビ ⊥ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ フ ∠ ゅ∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや «ゅ６Βゼ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ∠ ヲ⊥エらあ ジ ∠ Α⊥ ∩∃ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ (The first group t o ent er Paradise will ent er looking like t he moon on t he night when it is full. They will not spit t here, or blow t heir noses, or defecat e. Their vessels and combs will be of gold and silver, t heir censers will be of aloeswood and t heir sweat will be musk. Each of t hem will have t wo wives, t he marrow of whose shin bones will be visible from beneat h t he skin because of t heir beaut y. There will be no disput es bet ween t hem and t here will be no hat red; t heir heart s will be as if one heart . They will glorify Allah morning and evening.)'' This was also recorded by Al-Bukhari and Muslim. Al-Hafiz Abu Ya` la recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや り͡ ケ∠ ヲ⊥タ ヴヤ∠ハ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ ∇ョコ⊥ メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠» ギあ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢͡ ∇ヲッ ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∩͡ケ∇ギら∠ ∇ャや る∠ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠ラヲ⊥ャヲ⊥らΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩⇔り￢∠ ゅ∠ッま͡ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ヵ ∠ ケあ キ⊥ ょ ∃ ミ∠ ∇ヲミ∠ ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ デ ⊥ ゅ∠ゼ∇ョぺ∠ ∩∠ラヲ⊥トガ ͡ わ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠ラヲ⊥ヤヘ͡ ∇わΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠ラヲ⊥デヲｚ ピ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∩⊥りヲｚ ャ⊥ほ∠∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ͡ ゅ∠イョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥マ∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ エ ⊥ ∇セケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ょワ∠ グｚ ャや ペ ͡ ヤ⊥カ ⊥ ヴヤ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ ゅ∠ヤ∇カぺ∠ ∩⊥リΒ͡バ∇ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥エ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ィ ⊥ や∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁわシ ͡ ∩∠ュキ∠ へ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡よぺ∠ り͡ ケ∠ ヲ⊥タ ヴヤハ ∠ ∩∃ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ «￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ⇔ハや∠ケク͡ (The first group t o ent er Paradise will look like t he moon on t he night when it is full. They will be followed by a group which looks like t he bright est st ar shining in t he sky. They will not urinat e or defecat e or spit or blow t heir noses. Their combs will be of gold, t heir sweat will be musk and t heir censers will be of aloeswood. Their wives will be Al-Hur Al-` Iyn, and t hey will all look t he same, as if t hey are one person in t he image of t heir fat her Adam, sixt y cubit s t all.)'' They ぴAl-Bukhari and Muslimび also produced t his from t he Hadit h of Jabir. It was report ed t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ∇らシ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∩∀りゲ∠ ∇ョコ⊥ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ » «ケ∇ギら∠ ∇ャや る∠ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや り∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ッま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ￢⊥ ヶ͡ツゎ⊥ ∩ゅ⇔ヘ∇ャぺ∠ (A group of my Ummah, sevent y t housand, will ent er Paradise wit h t heir faces shining like t he moon on t he night when it is full.) ` Ukkashah bin Mihsan st ood up and said, ` O Messenger of Allah, pray t o Allah t o make me one of t hem.' He said,

«ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ィや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや» (O Allah, make him one of t hem.) Then one of t he Ansar st ood up and said, ` O Messenger of Allah, pray t o Allah t o make me one of t hem.' He said,

«る∠セゅｚムハ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ マ ∠ ボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠» (Ukkashah has beat en you t o it .)'' This was recorded by (Al-Bukhari and Muslim). This Hadit h -about t he sevent y t housand who will ent er Paradise wit hout being brought t o account -- was also recorded by Al-Bukhari and Muslim from Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Jabir bin ` Abdullah, ` Imran bin Husayn, Ibn Mas` ud, Rifa` ah bin ` Arabah Al-Juhani and Umm Qays bint Mihsan -- may Allah be pleased wit h t hem all -- and also from Abu Hazim from Sahl bin Sa` d, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem, who said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

る͡ も∠ ゅ͡ヨバ⊥ ∇らシ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ∇ャぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ∇らシ ∠ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや リ ｚ ヤ∠カ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ ャ∠» ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ｚヱぺ∠ モ ∠カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∩∃ヂ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∀グ͡カへ ブ ∃ ∇ャぺ∠ る∠ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや り͡ ケ∠ ヲ⊥タ ヴヤ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∩∠るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ゲ⊥ カ ͡ へ∠ヱ «ケ∇ギ∠ら∇ャや (Sevent y t housand or seven hundred t housand of my Ummah will surely ent er Paradise, holding on t o one anot her, such t hat t he first and last of t hem will ent er Paradise t oget her, wit h t heir faces looking like t he moon on t he night when it is full.)''

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∇ろエ ∠ わ͡ プ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ び∠リΑ͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キゅ∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らデ ͡ ∇ユ⇒⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ ル∠ ゴ∠ カ ∠ (t ill when t hey reach it , and it s gat es will be opened and it s keepers will say: "Salam ` Alaykum (peace be upon you)! You have done well, so ent er here t o abide t herein forever.'') This is a condit ional sent ence t hat is not complet e. What it implies is t hat when t hey come t o t he gat es of Paradise t he gat es will be opened for t hem as a sign of honor, and t he angelic gat ekeepers

will meet t hem wit h glad t idings, greet ings of peace and praise. Unlike t he gat ekeepers of Hell who will meet t he disbelievers wit h rebuke and reprimand, t he believers will be filled wit h happiness and j oy, each according t o his degree of luxury and delight s. What happens aft er t his is not ment ioned; it is left for t he imaginat ion t o t hink of it s dearest wishes and be filled wit h hope. It is known from t he Sahih Hadit hs t hat Paradise has eight gat es. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ͡ やモ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ョ ∇リョ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βィ ∠ ∇ヱコ∠ ペ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩∀ゆや∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヶ ∠ハ ͡ キ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡りゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ゆ ͡ ゅ∠よ ∇リョ͡ ヶ ∠ハ ͡ キ⊥ り͡ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∩る͡ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや ゆ ͡ ゅ∠よ ∇リョ͡ ヶ ∠ハ ͡ キ⊥ る͡ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∩͡キゅ∠ヰイ ͡ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ ゅ∠よ ∇リョ͡ ヶ ∠ハ ͡ キ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠ヰイ ͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠よ ∇リョ͡ ヶ ∠ハ ͡ キ⊥ ュ͡ ゅ∠Βダ あ ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ «ラゅｚΑゲｚ ャや (Whoever spends a pair of somet hing from his wealt h for t he sake of Allah, will be called from t he gat es of Paradise. Paradise has (several) gat es. Whoever is among t he people of prayer, will be called from t he gat e of Prayer; whoever is among t he people of charit y, will be called from t he gat e of Charit y; whoever is among t he people of Jihad, will be called from t he gat e of Jihad; whoever is among t he people of fast ing, will be called from t he Gat e of Ar-Rayyan.)'' Abu Bakr said, ` O Messenger of Allah, it does not mat t er from which gat e one is called, but will anyone be called from all of t hem' He said,

«ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » (Yes, and I hope t hat you will be one of t hem.)'' Somet hing similar was also recorded by AlBukhari and Muslim. It was report ed from Sahl bin Sa` d, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ヴｚヨジ ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∀ゆゅ∠よ ∩∃ゆや∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ る∠ Β∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ヨを∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡» «ラヲ⊥ヨも͡ ゅｚダャや ゅｚャま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩∠ラゅｚΑゲｚ ャや (In Paradise t here are eight gat es; one of t hem is called Ar-Rayyan, and no one will ent er it except t hose who fast .)'' In Sahih Muslim, it is recorded t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ヒ⊥ ら͡ ∇ジΒ⊥ プ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヒ⊥ ヤ͡∇らΒ⊥ プ∠ ほ⊥ッ ｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇セぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠￢ヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ ∇ャや る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ⊥ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろエ ∠ わ͡ プ⊥ ゅｚャま͡ ∩⊥ヮャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇らハ ∠ や⇔ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ «￢ゅ∠セ ゅ∠ヰΑあ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∩⊥るΒ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ヨんｚ ャや (There is no one among you who performs Wudu' and does it well, or -- amply --, t hen he says: "I t est ify t hat t here is none wort hy of worship except Allah and t hat Muhammad is His servant and Messenger, '' but t he eight gat es of Paradise will be opened for him and he will ent er t hrough whichever one he wishes.)''

The Width of the Gates of Paradise We ask Allah t o make us among it s people. In t he Two Sahihs, it is report ed from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, in t he lengt hy Hadit h about int ercession (t hat t he Prophet said):

ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゅ∠ャ ∇リョ∠ ∇モカ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ ∩⊥ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠Α :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ » ￢⊥ ゅ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡リヨ∠ ∇Αほ∠∇ャや ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ わ͡ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ザ ⊥ ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∩͡ゲ∠カΕ ⊥や ゆ ͡ や∠ヲ∇よほ∠∇ャや ヶ͡プ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ノ͡ Α͡ケゅ∠ダョ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βハ ∠ や∠ゲ∇ダヨ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ｚ ま͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ イ ∠ ワ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ ムｚ ョ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠ム∠ャ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇ャや ヶ ͡ ゎ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ツハ ͡ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ «ン∠ゲ∇ダよ⊥ ∠ヱ る∠ ムｚ ョ∠ るΑやヱケ ヶプヱ る∠ ムｚ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ イ ∠ ワ∠ (Allah will say: "O Muhammad, admit t hose of your Ummah who are not t o be brought t o account , t hrough t he right -hand gat e, and t hey will be count ed among t hose who will ent er from ot her gat es as well.'' By t he One in Whose Hand is t he soul of Muhammad, t he dist ance bet ween t he t wo gat epost s of t he gat es of Paradise is like t he dist ance bet ween Makkah and Haj ar -- or Haj ar and Makkah.)'' According t o anot her report : (bet ween Makkah and Busra.) It was recorded in Sahih Muslim from ` Ut bah bin Ghazwan t hat (t he Prophet ) gave t hem a speech in which he t old t hem t hat t he dist ance bet ween t he t wo gat epost s of Paradise was t he dist ance of a fort y-year j ourney, but t here would come a day when t hey would be packed wit h crowds of people. Allah says,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇らデ ͡ ∇ユ⇒⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ ル∠ ゴ∠ カ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (and it s keepers will say: "Salam ` Alaykum (peace be upon you)! You have done well,'') meaning, ` your deeds and words were good, and your effort s were good, and your reward is good.' The Messenger of Allah issued commands during some of his milit ary campaigns t hat it should be shout ed out t o t he Muslims:

るΑやヱケ ヶプヱ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» «る∠レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ (No one ent ers Paradise except a Muslim soul) or, according t o one report , (A believing soul.)'' Allah says,

び∠リΑ͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キゅ∠プぴ (so ent er here t o abide t herein forever.) means, t o dwell t herein, never seeking any change.

び⊥ロギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ゅ∠レホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨ⇒∠エ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ⇒∠ホ∠ヱぴ (And t hey will say: "All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah Who has fulfilled His promise t o us...'') means, when t he believers see t he great reward and splendors, blessing and grand generosit y, t hey will say,

び⊥ロギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ゅ∠レホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨ⇒∠エ∇ャやぴ (All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah Who has fulfilled His promise t o us) meaning, ` t he promise which He made t o us t hrough His Messengers who called us t o t his in t he world.'

ゅ∠ルゴ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レゎｚ ギ∠ハ∠ヱ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レゎ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ び キ∠ ゅ∠バΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ブ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ガゎ⊥ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ルｚま͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ (Our Lord! Grant us what You promised unt o us t hrough Your Messengers and disgrace us not on t he Day of Resurrect ion, for You never break (Your) promise)(3:194),

ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ や∠グ⇒∠ヰャ͡ ゅ∠ルや∠ギワ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠ルや∠ギワ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ Ι∇ヲャ∠ ン ∠ ギ͡ わ∠ ∇ヰレ∠ ャ͡ びあペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (and t hey will say: "All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah, Who has guided us t o t his, and never could we have found guidance, were it not t hat Allah had guided us! Indeed, t he Messengers of our Lord came wit h t he t rut h.'') (7:43), and

ラ ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ゴ∠ エ ∠ ∇ャや ゅｚレ∠ハ ょ ∠ ワ∠ ∇クぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ リ͡ョ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや ケ∠ や∠キ ゅ∠レヤｚェ ∠ ぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや - ∀ケヲ⊥ムセ ∠ ケ∀ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∀ゆヲ⊥ピャ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レジ ぁ ヨ∠ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∀ ダ ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レジ ぁ ヨ∠ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ び (And t hey will say: "All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah Who has removed from us (all) grief. Verily, our Lord is indeed Oft -Forgiving, Most Ready t o appreciat e (good deeds). Who, out of His grace, has lodged us in a home t hat will last forever, where t oil will t ouch us not nor weariness will t ouch us.'') (35:34-35)

￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぺ⊥ヲｚ ら∠ わ∠ ル∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ゅ∠レを∠ ケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∠リΒ͡ヤヨ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ユ∠ ∇バレ͡ プ∠ (and has made us inherit (t his) land. We can dwell in Paradise where we will; how excellent a reward for t he (pious) workers!) Abu Al-Aliyah, Abu Salih, Qat adah, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd said, "This means t he land of Paradise.'' This is like t he Ayah:

ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ミグあ ャや ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ケ͡ ヲ⊥よゴｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ン ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰを⊥ ゲ͡ Α∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや (And indeed We have writ t en in Az-Zabur aft er Adh-Dhikr t hat My right eous servant s shall inherit t he land. ) (21:105) t hey will say:

び⊥￢べ∠ゼル∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぺ⊥ヲｚ ら∠ わ∠ ル∠ ぴ

(We can dwell in Paradise where we will) meaning, ` wherever we want , we can set t le; how excellent a reward for our effort s.' In t he Two Sahihs, it was report ed in t he st ory of t he Mi` raj which was narrat ed by Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat t he Prophet said:

や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩͡ぽャ⊥∇ぽヤぁャや グ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠レィ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∠るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇キぺ⊥» «マ∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰよ⊥ や∠ゲゎ⊥ (I was admit t ed int o Paradise where I saw t hat it s domes were pearls and it s soil was musk.)''

ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや メ ͡ ∇ヲェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Βあプべ∠ェ る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ン∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エらあ ジ ∠ Α⊥ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや (75. And you will see t he angels surrounding t he Throne from all round, glorifying t he praises of t heir Lord. And t hey will be j udged wit h t rut h. And it will be said, "All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exit s.'') Allah t ells us how He will pass j udgement on t he people of Paradise and Hell, and put each of t hem in t he place fit t ing for him and for which he is suit ed; t his is j ust ice from Him and He is never unj ust . Then He t ells us of His angels who surround His maj est ic Throne, glorifying t he praises of t heir Lord, ext olling and magnifying Him, and declaring Him t o be above any short comings or inj ust ice what soever, for He has passed j udgement in t he fairest and most j ust manner. He says:

び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will be j udged) meaning, all of creat ion.

びあペ∠エ∇ャゅ͡よぴ (wit h t rut h.) Then He says:

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ ぴ (And it will be said, "All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exit s.'') meaning, all of creat ion, whet her animat e or inanimat e, will speak words of praise t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s, for His wisdom and j ust ice. These words are not at t ribut ed t o any specific speaker, which indicat es t hat t he whole of creat ion will t est ify t o His praise. Qat adah said, "Allah began His creat ion wit h praise, as He said,

び∠チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ

(All praises and t hanks be t o Allah, Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h) (6:1). and He ended it wit h praise, as He says:

ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや (And t hey will be j udged wit h t rut h. And it will be said, "All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s.'').''

The Tafsir of Surah Ghafir (Chapter - 40) Which was revealed in Makkah The Virtues of the Surahs that begin with Ha Mim Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "Everyt hing has an essence and t he essence of t he Qur'an is t he family of Ha Mim,'' or he said, "t he Ha Mims.'' Mis` ar bin Kidam said, "They used t o be called ` t he brides'.'' All of t his was recorded by t he t he Imam, great scholar, Abu ` Ubayd Al-Qasim bin Sallam, may Allah have mercy upon him, in his book Fada'il Al-Qur'an. Humayd bin Zanj uyah narrat ed t hat ` Abdullah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The parable of t he Qur'an is t hat of a man who set s out t o find a place for his family t o st ay, and he comes t o a place where t here is evidence of rainfall. While he is walking about , admiring it , he suddenly comes upon beaut iful gardens. He says, ` I liked t he first t races of rainfall, but t his is far bet t er.' It was said t o him, ` The first place is like t he Qur'an, and t hese beaut iful gardens are like t he splendor of family of Ha Mim in relat ion t o t he rest of t he Qur'an'.'' This was recorded by Al-Baghawi. Ibn Mas` ud, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "When I reach t he family of Ha Mim, it is like reaching a beaut iful garden, so I t ake my t ime.''

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

- ユ͡ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ Α͡ゴレ∠ゎ - ユ⇒ェぴ ン͡ク ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ͡ Α͡ギセ ∠ ゆ ͡ ∇ヲわｚ ャや モ ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ょ ͡ ルｚグャや ゲ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠ビ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲト ｚ ャや (1. Ha Mim.) (2. The revelat ion of t he Book is from Allah, t he Almight y, t he All-Knower.) (3. The Forgiver of sin, t he Accept or of repent ance, t he Severe in punishment , t he Best ower. La ilaha illa Huwa, t o Him is t he final ret urn.) We have already discussed t he individual let t ers at t he beginning of Surat Al-Baqarah, and t here is no need t o repeat t he discussion here. In a Hadit h recorded by Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi from one who heard it from t he Messenger of Allah , it says:

«ラヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ユェ :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボプ∠ る∠ ヤ∠∇Βヤｚャや ユ⊥ ぁわあΒよ⊥ ∇ラま͡» (When you go t o bed t onight , recit e Ha Mim, La Yunsarun.)'' It s chain of narrat ors is Sahih.

び ユ͡ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ Α͡ゴレ∠ゎぴ (The revelat ion of t he Book is from Allah, t he Almight y, t he All-Knower.) means, t his book -t he Qur'an -- is from Allah, t he Owner of might and knowledge, Who cannot be overt aken and from Whom not hing is hidden, not even an ant concealed beneat h many layers.

びゆ ͡ ∇ヲわｚ ャや モ ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ょ ͡ ルｚグャや ゲ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠ビぴ (The Forgiver of sin, t he Accept or of repent ance,) means, He forgives sins t hat have been commit t ed in t he past , and He accept s repent ance for sins t hat may be commit t ed in t he fut ure, from t he one who repent s and submit s t o Him.

び͡ゆゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ぴ (t he Severe in punishment ,) means, t o t he one who persist s in t ransgression and prefers t he life of t his world, who st ubbornly t urns away from t he commands of Allah and commit s sin. This is like t he Ayah:

ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ユ⊥ Βェ ͡ ゲｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ヴあルぺ∠ ン͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇￢ヴあらル∠ ぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヴ͡よや∠グハ ∠ (Declare unt o My servant s t hat t ruly I am t he Oft -Forgiving, t he Most -Merciful. And t hat My t orment is indeed t he most painful t orment .) (15:49-50). These t wo at t ribut es (mercy and punishment ) are oft en ment ioned t oget her in t he Qur'an, so t hat people will remain in a st at e of bot h hope and fear.

び͡メ∇ヲト ｚ ャや ン͡クぴ (t he Best ower.) Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "This means He is Generous and Rich (Independent of means).'' The meaning is t hat He is Most Generous t o His servant s, grant ing ongoing blessings for which t hey can never sufficient ly t hank Him.

びゅ∠ワヲ⊥ダ∇エゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱぁギバ⊥ ∠ゎ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if you would count t he favors of Allah, never could you be able t o count t hem...) (16:18).

び∠ヲワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ぴ (La ilaha illa Huwa) means, t here is none t hat is equal t o Him in all His at t ribut es; t here is no God or Lord besides Him.

び⊥ゲΒ͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ぴ (t o Him is t he final ret urn.) means, all t hings will come back t o Him and He will reward or punish each person according t o his deeds.

び͡ゆゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He is Swift at reckoning) (13:41).

Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヴ͡プ メ ⊥ ギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョぴ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ∇ろよ∠ グｚ ⇒∠ミ - キ͡ Κ ∠ ら͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ ぁヤボ∠ ゎ∠ ポ ∠ ∇ケゲ⊥ ∇ピΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シゲ∠ よ͡ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ モ ぁ ⇒⊥ミ ∇ろヨｚ ワ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゆ ⊥ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ツェ ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ ャ͡ モ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ やヲ⊥ャギ∠ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ͡ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ - ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボハ ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ び ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ (4. None disput es in t he Ayat of Allah but t hose who disbelieve. So let not t heir abilit y of going about here and t here t hrough t he land (for t heir purposes) deceive you!) (5. The people of Nuh and t he groups aft er t hem denied before t hese; and every nat ion plot t ed against t heir Messenger t o seize him, and disput ed by means of falsehood t o refut e t herewit h t he t rut h. So I seized t hem, and how was My punishment !) (6. Thus has t he Word of your Lord been j ust ified against t hose who disbelieved, t hat t hey will be t he dwellers of t he Fire.)

One of the Attributes of the Disbelievers is That they dispute the Ayat of Allah -- and The Consequences of that Allah tells us that no one rejects or disputes His signs after clear proof has come,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ

(but t hose who disbelieve), i.e., t hose who rej ect t he signs of Allah and His proof and evidence.

び͡キΚ ∠ ら͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ ぁヤボ∠ ゎ∠ ポ ∠ ∇ケゲ⊥ ∇ピΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So let not t heir abilit y of going about here and t here t hrough t he land deceive you!) means, t heir wealt h and luxurious life. This is like t he Ayah:

∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョ - ギ͡ ⇒∠ヤら͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ⊥ ヤぁボ∠ ゎ∠ ∠マルｚ ゲｚ ピ⊥ ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ び キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヨ͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ (Let not t he free disposal (and affluence) of t he disbelievers t hroughout t he land deceive you. A brief enj oyment ; t hen, t heir ult imat e abode is Hell; and worst indeed is t hat place for rest .) (3:196-197)

びナ ∃ Β͡ヤビ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲぁ ト ∠ ∇ツル∠ ｚユを⊥ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ あわヨ∠ ル⊥ ぴ (We let t hem enj oy for a lit t le while, t hen in t he end We shall oblige t hem t o (ent er) a great t orment .) (31:24). Then Allah consoles His Prophet Muhammad for t he rej ect ion of his people. He t ells him t hat he has an example in t he Prophet s who came before him, may t he blessings and peace of Allah be upon t hem all, for t heir nat ions disbelieved t hem and opposed t hem, and only a few believed in t hem.

び∃ゥヲ⊥ル ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ∇ろよ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ぴ (The people of Nuh denied before t hese;) Nuh was t he first Messenger whom Allah sent t o denounce and forbid idol worship.

び∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゆ ⊥ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘ や∠ヱぴ (and t he groups aft er t hem) means, from every nat ion.

び⊥ロヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シゲ∠ よ͡ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ モ ぁ ⇒⊥ミ ∇ろヨｚ ワ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and every (disbelieving) nat ion plot t ed against t heir Messenger t o seize him,) means, t hey want ed t o kill him by any means possible, and some of t hem did kill t heir Messenger.

びｚペ∠エ∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ツェ ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ ャ͡ モ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ やヲ⊥ャギ∠ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ ぴ (and disput ed by means of falsehood t o refut e t herewit h t he t rut h.) means, t hey came up wit h specious argument s wit h which t o disput e t he t rut h which was so plain and clear.

び⊥ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So I seized t hem) means, ` I dest royed t hem, because of t he sins t hey commit t ed.'

び͡ゆゅ∠ボハ ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ぴ (and how was My punishment !) means, ` how have you heard t hat My punishment and vengeance was so severe and painful.' Qat adah said, "It was t errible, by Allah.''

∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ (Thus has t he Word of your Lord been j ust ified against t hose who disbelieved, t hat t hey will be t he dwellers of t he Fire.) means, ` j ust as t he Word of punishment was j ust ified against t hose of t he past nat ions who disbelieved, so t oo is it j ust ified against t hese disbelievers who have rej ect ed you and gone against you, O Muhammad, and it is even more j ust ified against t hem, because if t hey have disbelieved in you, t here is no cert aint y t hat t hey will believe in any ot her Prophet .' And Allah knows best .

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エらあ ジ ∠ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ス ∠ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ∇エΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ モ ｚ ⇒⊥ミ ろ ∠ ∇バシ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠Β͡らシ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎｚ ∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ラ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ルｚま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒ｚΑケあ ク⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠よや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ウ ∠ ヤ∠⇒∠タ リ∠ョヱ∠ ペ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ホ͡ ヱ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヨェ ͡ ケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや び ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや (7. Those (angels) who bear t he Throne (of Allah) and t hose around it glorify t he praises of t heir Lord, and believe in Him, and ask forgiveness for t hose who believe (saying): "Our Lord!

You comprehend all t hings in mercy and knowledge, so forgive t hose who repent and follow Your way, and save t hem from t he t orment of t he blazing Fire!) (8. Our Lord! And make t hem ent er t he ` Adn (Et ernal) Gardens which you have promised t hem -- and t o t he right eous among t heir fat hers, t heir wives, and t heir offspring! Verily, You are t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.) (9. And save t hem from t he sins, and whomsoever You save from t he sins t hat Day, him verily, You have t aken int o mercy.'' And t hat is t he supreme success.)

The Bearers of the Throne praise Allah and pray for forgiveness for the Believers Allah t ells us t hat t he angels who are close t o Him, t he bearers of t he Throne, and t he angels who are around Him -- all glorify t he praises of t heir Lord. They combine glorificat ion (Tasbih) which implies t hat He is free of any short comings, wit h praise (Tahmid) which is an affirmat ion of praise.

び͡ヮよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and believe in Him,) means, t hey humbly submit t hemselves before Him.

び∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ヘ∇ピ∠わ∇ジ∠Α∠ヱぴ (and ask forgiveness for t hose who believe) means, for t hose among t he people of eart h who believe in t he Unseen. Allah commanded t hat His angels who are close t o Him should pray for t he believers in t heir absence, so it is a part of t he angels' nat ure t hat t hey say Amin when a believer prays for his brot her in his absence. In Sahih Muslim it says:

:マ ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇ヰヌ ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡カほ∠ャ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ハキ∠ や∠クま͡» «ヮ͡ヤ∇んヨ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ョへ (When a Muslim prays for his brot her in his absence, t he angel says, ` Amin, and may you have somet hing similar t o it '.)'' Shahr bin Hawshab said, "The bearers of t he Throne are eight ; four of t hem say, ` Glory and praise be t o You, O Allah, t o You be praise for Your forebearance aft er Your knowledge. ' Four of t hem say, ` Glory and praise be t o You, O Allah, t o You be praise for Your forgiveness aft er Your power.' When t hey pray for forgiveness for t hose who believe, t hey say:

び⇔ゅヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ モ ｚ ⇒⊥ミ ろ ∠ ∇バシ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! You comprehend all t hings in mercy and knowledge,) meaning, ` Your mercy encompasses t heir sins and Your knowledge encompasses all t heir deeds, words and act ion.'

び∠マヤ∠Β͡らシ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇やヲよ⊥ ゅ∠ゎ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プぴ

(so forgive t hose who repent and follow Your way.)'' That is, ` forgive t he sinners when t hey repent t o You and t urn t o You and give up t heir former ways, following Your commands t o do good and abst ain from evil.'

び͡ユΒ͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and save t hem from t he t orment of t he blazing Fire!) means, ` snat ch t hem away from t he punishment of Hell, which is a painful, agonizing punishment .'

リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎｚ ∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ラ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ び∇ユ͡ヰ͡わ⇒ｚΑケあ ク⊥ ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠よや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ウ ∠ ヤ∠⇒∠タ (Our Lord! And make t hem ent er t he ` Adn (Et ernal) Gardens which you have promised t hem -and t o t he right eous among t heir fat hers, t heir wives, and t heir offspring!) meaning, ` bring t hem t oget her so t hat t hey may find delight in one anot her in neighboring dwellings. ' This is like t he Ayah:

ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠エ∇ャ∠ぺ リ ∃ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡みよ͡ ユ⊥ヰわ⊥ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わバ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ユ͡ヰヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇わャ∠ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ｚΑあケク⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ (And t hose who believe and whose offspring follow t hem in fait h, -- t o t hem shall We j oin t heir offspring, and We shall not decrease t he reward of t heir deeds in anyt hing)(52:21). This means, ` t hat all of t hem will be made equal in st at us. In t his way t hey may delight in one anot her's company; t he one who is in t he higher st at us will not lose anyt hing. On t he cont rary We will raise t he one whose deeds are of a lower st at us so t hat t hey will become equal, as a favor and a blessing from Us.' Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat when t he believer ent ers Paradise, he will ask where his fat her, son and brot her are. It will be said t o him, ` t hey did not reach t he same level of good deeds as you did'. He will say, ` but I did it for my sake and for t heirs.' Then t hey will be brought t o j oin him in t hat higher degree. Then Sa` id bin Jubayr recit ed t his Ayah:

リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎｚ ∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ラ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒ｚΑケあ ク⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠よや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ウ ∠ ヤ∠⇒∠タ び ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや (Our Lord! And make t hem ent er t he ` Adn (Et ernal) Gardens which you have promised t hem -and t o t he right eous among t heir fat hers, t heir wives, and t heir offspring! Verily, You are t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.) Mut arrif bin ` Abdullah bin Ash-Shikhkhir said, "The most sincere of t he servant s of Allah t owards t he believers are t he angels.'' Then he recit ed t his Ayah:

び∇ユヰ⊥ ゎｚ ∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ラ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! And make t hem ent er t he ` Adn (Et ernal) Paradises which you have promised t hem) He t hen said, "The most t reacherous of t he servant s of Allah t owards t he believers are t he Shayat in.''

び⊥ユΒ͡ムエ ∠ ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (You are t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.) means, ` t he One Whom none can resist or overwhelm; what You will happens and what You do not will does not happen; You are Wise in all t hat You say and do, in all t hat You legislat e and decree.'

び͡ろ⇒∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ホ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And save t hem from t he sins,) means, t he act ions and t he consequences.

び∃グゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ペ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and whomsoever You save from t he sins t hat Day,) means, t he Day of Resurrect ion,

びヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヨェ ͡ ケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (him verily, You have t aken int o mercy.) means, ` You have prot ect ed him and saved him from punishment .'

び⊥ユΒ͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat is t he supreme success. )

リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ⊥ ∇ボヨ∠ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱキ∠ ゅ∠レΑ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムわ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηや ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ギゎ⊥ ∇クま͡ ∇ユ⇒⊥ムジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ∇ボョｚ ゅ∠レ∇プ∠ゲ∠わ∇ハゅ∠プ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ∇をや ゅ∠レ∠わ∇Β∠Β∇ェ∠ぺ∠ヱ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ∇をや ゅ∠レわｚ ョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ や∠クま͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ムャ͡ク∠ - モ ∃ Β͡らシ ∠ リあョ ァ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲカ ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠レよ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ポゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ⇒∠ミ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ハ ͡ キ⊥

ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ - ͡ゲΒ͡ら∠ム∇ャや ヴ あ ⇒͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ユ⊥ ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠プ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムャ∠ メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ロ∠ ゲ͡ ミ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ Αあギャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ダヤ͡∇ガョ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キゅ∠プ - ょ ⊥ Β͡レΑ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (10. Those who disbelieve will be addressed: "Indeed, Allah's aversion was great er t owards you t han your aversion t oward yourselves, when you were called t o t he Fait h but you used t o refuse.'') (11. They will say: "Our Lord! You have made us t o die t wice, and You have given us life t wice! Now we confess our sins, t hen is t here any way t o get out '') (12. (It will be said): "This is because, when Allah Alone was invoked, you disbelieved; but when part ners were j oined t o Him, you believed! So t he j udgement is only wit h Allah, t he Most High, t he Most Great !'') (13. It is He Who shows you His Ayat and sends down provision for you from t he sky. And none remembers but t hose who t urn in repent ance.) (14. So, call you upon Allah making religion sincerely for Him, however much t he disbelievers may hat e.)

The Regret of the Disbelievers after They enter Hell Allah t ells us t hat t he disbelievers will feel regret on t he Day of Resurrect ion, when t hey ent er Hell and sink in t he agonizing dept h of fire. When t hey act ually experience t he unbearable punishment of Allah, t hey will hat e t hemselves wit h t he ut most hat red, because of t he sins t hey commit t ed in t he past , which were t he cause of t heir ent ering t he Fire. At t hat point t he angels will t ell t hem in a loud voice t hat Allah's hat red t owards t hem in t his world, when Fait h was offered t o t hem and t hey rej ect ed it , is great er t han t heir hat red t owards t hemselves in t his sit uat ion. Qat adah said, concerning t he Ayah:

ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ギゎ⊥ ∇クま͡ ∇ユ⇒⊥ムジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ∇ボョｚ リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ⊥ ∇ボヨ∠ ャ∠ぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムわ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηや ヴ∠ャま͡ (Indeed, Allah's aversion was great er t owards you t han your aversion t oward yourselves, when you were called t o t he Fait h but you used t o refuse.) "Allah's hat red for t he people of misguidance -- when Fait h is present ed t o t hem in t his world, and t hey t urn away from it and refuse t o accept it -- is great er t han t heir hat red for t hemselves when t hey see t he punishment of Allah wit h t heir own eyes on t he Day of Resurrect ion.'' This was also t he view of Al-Hasan AlBasri, Muj ahid, As-Suddi, Dharr bin ` Ubaydullah Al-Hamdani, ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam and Ibn Jarir At -Tabari, may Allah have mercy on t hem all.

び͡リ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ∇をや ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ΒΒ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ∇をや ゅ∠レわｚ ョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ

(They will say: "Our Lord! You have made us t o die t wice, and You have given us life t wice!...'') At h-Thawri narrat ed from Abu Ishaq from Abu Al-Ahwas from Ibn Mas` ud, may Allah be pleased wit h him: "This Ayah is like t he Ayah:

ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠Β∇ェほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ゎヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ (How can you disbelieve in Allah Seeing t hat you were dead and He gave you life. Then He will give you deat h, t hen again will bring you t o life and t hen unt o Him you will ret urn.)''(2:28) This was also t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah and Abu Malik. This is undoubt edly t he correct view. What is meant by all of t his is t hat when t hey are st anding before Allah in t he arena of Resurrect ion, t he disbelievers will ask t o go back, as Allah says:

ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユヰ͡ シ ͡ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ジミ͡ ゅ∠ル ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ク͡ ま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バル∠ ゅ∠レ∇バィ ͡ ∇ケゅ∠プ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲダ ∠ ∇よぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥ョ ゅｚル͡ま ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ (And if you only could see when t he criminals shall hang t heir heads before t heir Lord (saying): "Our Lord! We have now seen and heard, so send us back, t hat we will do right eous good deeds. Verily, we now believe wit h cert aint y.'') (32: 12), However, t hey will get no response. Then when t hey see t he Fire and t hey are held over it and t hey look at t he punishment s t herein, t hey will ask even more fervent ly t han before t o go back, but t hey will get no response. Allah says:

ぁキゲ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠レ∠わ∇Β∠ヤΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘホ͡ ヱ⊥ ∇クま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇モよ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムル∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゆ ∠ グあ ム∠ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ⇒∠バャ∠ ∇やヱぁキケ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠ギよ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ (If you could but see when t hey will be held over t he (Hell) Fire! They will say: "Would t hat we were but sent back (t o t he world)! Then we would not deny t he Ayat of our Lord, and we would be of t he believers!'' Nay, it has become manifest t o t hem what t hey had been concealing before. But if t hey were ret urned, t hey would cert ainly revert t o t hat which t hey were forbidden. And indeed t hey are liars.) (6:27-28). When t hey act ually ent er Hell and have a t ast e of it s heat , hooked rods of iron and chains, t heir plea t o go back will be at it s most desperat e and fervent :

∇モヨ∠ ∇バル∠ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥カゲ͡ ト ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅｚョ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲヨあ バ∠ ル⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バル∠ ゅｚレ⇒⊥ミ ン͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ ゲ⊥ Α͡グレｚ ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ゲ∠ ミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゲ⊥ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ び ゲ∃ Β͡ダルｚ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャ (Therein t hey will cry: "Our Lord! Bring us out , we shall do right eous good deeds, not t hat we used do.'' (Allah will reply): "Did We not give you lives long enough, so t hat whosoever would receive admonit ion could receive it And t he warner came t o you. So t ast e you. For t he wrongdoers t here is no helper.'') (35:37)

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ゅｚルみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギハ ⊥ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ び ͡ラヲ⊥ヨヤあ∠ムゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ゃジ ∠ ∇カや (Our Lord! Bring us out of t his. If ever we ret urn (t o evil), t hen indeed we shall be wrongdoers.'' He (Allah) will say: "Remain you in it wit h ignominy! And speak you not t o Me!) (23:108). According t o t his Ayah, t hey will speak more eloquent ly, and t hey will int roduce t heir plea wit h t he words:

び͡リ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ∇をや ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ΒΒ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ∇をや ゅ∠レわｚ ョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! You have made us t o die t wice, and You have given us life t wice!) meaning, ` by Your almight y power, You have brought us t o life aft er we were dead, t hen You caused us t o die aft er we were alive; You are able t o do what ever You will. We confess our sins and admit t hat we wronged ourselves in t he world,'

び∃モΒ͡らシ ∠ リあョ ァ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲカ ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t hen is t here any way t o get out ) means, ` will You answer our prayer t o send us back t o t he world, for You are able t o do t hat , so t hat we might do deeds different from t hose which we used t o do Then if we go back t o our former ways, we will indeed be wrongdoers.' The response will be: ` There is no way for you t o go back t o t he world.' Then t he reason for t hat will be given: ` Your nat ure will not accept t he t rut h and be governed by it , you would rej ect it and ignore it .' Allah says:

ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ⇒∠ミ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ハ ͡ キ⊥ や∠クま͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ムャ͡ク∠ ぴ び∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ポゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ⊥

((It will be said): "This is because, when Allah Alone was invoked (in worship), you disbelieved; but when part ners were j oined t o Him, you believed!'') meaning, ` if you were t o go back, t his is how you would be.' This is like t he Ayah:

び∠ラヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギ⇒∠バャ∠ ∇やヱぁキケ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (But if t hey were ret urned (t o t he world), t hey would cert ainly revert t o t hat when t hey were forbidden. And indeed t hey are liars) (6:28).

び͡ゲΒ͡らム∠ ∇ャや ヴ あ ⇒͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ユ⊥ ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠プぴ (So t he j udgement is only wit h Allah, t he Most High, t he Most Great !) means, He is t he Judge of His creat ion, t he Just Who is never unj ust . He guides whomsoever He wills and sends ast ray whomsoever He wills; He has mercy on whomsoever He wills and punishes whomsoever He wills; t here is no God except Him.

び͡ヮわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (It is He Who shows you His Ayat ) means, He demonst rat es His power t o His servant s t hrough t he might y signs which t hey see in His creat ion, above and below, which indicat e t he perfect ion of it s Creat or and Originat or.

び⇔ゅホ∇コケ͡ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムャ∠ メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and sends down provision for you from t he sky.) t his refers t o rain, t hrough which crops and fruit s are brought fort h, which wit h t heir different colors, t ast es, fragrances and forms are a sign of t he Creat or. It is one kind of wat er, but by His great power He makes all t hese t hings different .

び⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And none remembers) means, no one learns a lesson or is reminded by t hese t hings, or t akes t hem as a sign of t he might of t he Creat or,

び⊥ょΒ͡レΑ⊥ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (but t hose who t urn in repent ance.) which means, t hose who have insight and t urn t o Allah, may He be blessed and exalt ed.

The Believers are commanded to worship Allah Alone no matter what Their Circumstances

ロ∠ ゲ͡ ミ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ Αあギャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ダヤ͡∇ガョ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キゅ∠プぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (So, call you upon Allah making religion sincerely for Him, however much t he disbelievers may hat e.) This means, worship Allah and call upon Him alone in all sincerit y. Do not be like t he idolat ors in conduct and beliefs. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat aft er ending every prayer, ` Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr used t o say: "There is no (t rue) God except Allah Alone wit h no part ner or associat e, His is t he dominion and praise, for He is able t o do all t hings; t here is no st rengt h and no power except wit h Allah; t here is no (t rue) God except Allah and we worship none but Him; t o Him belongs t he blessings and t he virt ue and good praise; t here is no (t rue) God except Allah, we worship Him in all sincerit y even t hough t he disbelievers may hat e t hat .'' He said, "The Messenger of Allah used t o say Tahlil wit h t his aft er every prayer.'' Somet hing similar was also recorded by Muslim, Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i. It was report ed in Sahih from Ibn Az-Zubayr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o say t he following aft er t he prescribed (obligat ory) prayers:

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ マ ∠ Α͡ゲセ ∠ ゅ∠ャ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ャ» ゅ∠ャヱ∠ メ ∠ ∇ヲェ ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩∀ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴヤ∠ハ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ギ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∩⊥ロゅｚΑ͡ま ゅｚャま͡ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ぶや ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ャ ∩͡ぶゅ͡よ ゅｚャま͡ り∠ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ャ ∩⊥リジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや ￢⊥ ゅ∠レ⇒⇒ｚんャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バあレャや «ラヱ⊥ゲプ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや ロ∠ ゲ͡ ミ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ Αあギャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ダヤ͡∇ガョ⊥ ぶ ⊥ や (There is no (t rue) God except Allah Alone wit h no part ner or associat e, His is t he dominion and praise, for He is able t o do all t hings; t here is no st rengt h and no power except wit h Allah; t here is no (t rue) God except Allah and we worship none but Him; His is t he blessing and virt ue and good praise; t here is no (t rue) God except Allah, we worship Him in all sincerit y even t hough t he disbelievers hat e t hat .)

∇リョ͡ ゥ ∠ ヱぁゲャや ヴ͡ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ヱ⊥ク ろ ͡ ⇒∠ィケ∠ ギｚ ャや ノ⊥ Β͡プケ∠ ぴ ベ ͡Κ ∠ わｚ ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥Βャ͡ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠ヘ∇ガΑ∠ Ι ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥コゲ͡ ⇒∠よ ユ⊥ワ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ン∠ゴ∇イゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや - ケ͡ ゅｚヰボ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャあ

ノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇ヤニ ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ⇒∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや (15. (He is Allah) Owner of high ranks and degrees, t he Owner of t he Throne. He sends t he revelat ion by His command t o any of His servant s He wills, t hat he may warn of t he Day of Mut ual Meet ing.) (16. The Day when t hey will come out , not hing of t hem will be hidden from Allah. Whose is t he kingdom t his Day It is Allah's, t he One, t he Irresist ible!) (17. This Day shall every person be recompensed for what he earned. This Day no inj ust ice. Truly, Allah is swift in reckoning.)

Allah sends the Revelation to warn His Servants of the Day of Mutual Meeting Allah t ells us of His might and pride, and t hat His Might y Throne is raised above all of His creat ion like a roof. This is like t he Ayah:

ゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや∠ヱ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇バゎ∠ - ァ ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠バヨ∠ ∇ャや ヵ͡ク ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ぴ び る∃ レ∠ シ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ロ⊥ ケ⊥ や∠ギ∇ボョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ (From Allah, t he Lord of t he ways of ascent . The angels and t he Ruh (Jibril) ascend t o Him in a Day t he measure whereof is fift y t housand years.) (70:3-4). If Allah wills, we will discuss below which is t he most correct view t he dist ance bet ween t he Throne and t he sevent h eart h according t o a group of earlier and lat er scholars. More t han one scholar said t hat t he Throne is made of red rubies. The widt h bet ween t wo corners of it is t he dist ance of a fift y t housand year long j ourney and it s height above t he sevent h eart h is t he dist ance of a fift y t housand years long j ourney.

び͡ロキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゥ ∠ ヱぁゲャや ヴ͡ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ぴ (He sends t he revelat ion of His command t o any of His servant s He wills,) This is like t he Ayat :

￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゥ ͡ ヱぁゲ∇ャゅ͡よ る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ぴ びラ ͡ ヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ Ι ∠ ま͡ ∠ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ケグ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ (He sends down t he angels wit h t he Ruh (revelat ion) of His command t o whom of His servant s He wills (saying): "Warn mankind t hat none has t he right t o be worshipped but I, so have Taqwa of Me.'') (16:2), and

ゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや ヮ͡ よ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ モ ⊥ Α͡ゴレ∠わャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ケグ͡ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ -リ ⊥ Β͡ョΙ ｘや (And t ruly, t his is a revelat ion from t he Lord of all t hat exit s, Which t he t rust wort hy Ruh (Jibril) has brought down Upon your heart t hat you may be (one) of t he warners.) (26:192-194) Allah says:

び͡ベΚ ∠ わｚ ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥Βャ͡ぴ (t hat he may warn (men) of t he Day of Mut ual Meet ing.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said: "The Day of Mut ual Meet ing is one of t he names of t he Day of Resurrect ion, of which Allah warns His servant s.'' That is t he Day when everyone will find out about his deeds, good and bad.

び∀￢∇ヴセ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠ヘ∇ガΑ∠ Ι ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥コゲ͡ ⇒∠よ ユ⊥ワ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day when t hey will come out , not hing of t hem will be hidden from Allah.) means, t hey will all appear in t he open, wit h not hing t o give t hem shelt er or shade, or cover t hem. Allah says:

び∀￢∇ヴセ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠ヘ∇ガΑ∠ Ι ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥コゲ͡ ⇒∠よ ユ⊥ワ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day when t hey will come out , not hing of t hem will be hidden from Allah.) meaning, everyt hing will be equally known t o Him.

び͡ケゅｚヰボ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャあぴ (Whose is t he kingdom t his Day It is Allah's, t he One, t he Irresist ible!) We have already ment ioned t he Hadit h of Ibn ` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat Allah will roll up t he heavens and t he eart h in His Hand and will say,

ポ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤョ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∩⊥ゲらあ ム∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ∩⊥ケゅｚらイ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ∩⊥マヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ» «∨∠ラヱ⊥ゲらあ ム∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∨∠ラヱ⊥ケゅｚらイ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∨͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ("I am t he King, I am t he Compeller, I am t he Proud, where are t he kings of t he eart h Where are t he t yrant s Where are t he proud'') In t he Hadit h about t he Trumpet , it says t hat Allah will t ake t he souls of all of His creat ures, and t here will be none left but Him Alone, wit h no part ner or associat e. Then He will say, "Whose is t he kingdom t oday'' t hree t imes, and He will answer Himself by saying,

び͡ケゅｚヰボ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ぴ (It is Allah's, t he One, t he Irresist ible!) meaning, He is t he Only One Who has subj ugat ed all t hings.

ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇ヤニ ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ⇒∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ン∠ゴ∇イゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャやぴ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ (This Day shall every person be recompensed for what he earned. This Day no inj ust ice (shall be done t o anybody). Truly, Allah is swift in reckoning.) Here Allah t ells us of His j ust ice when He j udges bet ween His creat ion; He does not do even a speck of dust 's weight of inj ust ice, whet her it be for good or for evil. For every good deed He gives a t enfold reward and for every bad deed He gives recompense of one bad deed. Allah says:

び∠ュ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇ヤニ ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (This Day no inj ust ice (shall be done t o anybody).) It was report ed in Sahih Muslim from Abu Dharr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t hat Allah said:

ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ユ∠ ∇ヤヌ ぁ ャや ろ ⊥ ∇ョｚゲェ ∠ ヶあルま͡ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅ∠Α» ゅ∠Α メゅホ ラぺ ヴャま やヲ⊥ヨャ∠ゅ∠ヌゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ゅ⇔ョゲｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ダ∇ェぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぶ ∠ や ギ͡ ヨ∠ ∇エΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワゅｚΑま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Βあプヱ∠ ぺ⊥ ゅｚャま͡ リ ｚ ョ∠ ヲ⊥ヤΑ∠ ゅヤ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ «ヮ∠ジ∇ヘル∠ ("O My servant s, I have forbidden inj ust ice for Myself, and made it unlawful for you, so do not commit inj ust ice t o one anot her ...'') up t o: ("O My servant s, t hese are your deeds, I record t hem for you t hen I will recompense you for t hem. Whoever finds somet hing good, let him give praise t o Allah, and whoever finds somet hing ot her t han t hat , let him blame no one but himself.'')

び͡ゆゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ

(Truly, Allah is swift in reckoning.) means, He will bring all His creat ion t o account as if He is bringing j ust one person t o account . This is like t he Ayah:

び∃りギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘレ∠ ミ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ん⊥ ∇バよ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅｚョぴ (The creat ion of you all and t he resurrect ion of you all are only as a single person) (31: 28).

び ゲ͡ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ウ ∃ ∇ヨヤ∠ミ∠ り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And Our commandment is but one as t he t winkling of an eye.) (54:50)

ゲ͡ ィ ͡ ゅ∠レエ ∠ ∇ャや ン∠ギ∠ャ ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや ク͡ ま͡ る͡ プ∠ コ͡ Ι ｘ や ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ -ネ ⊥ ゅト ∠ Α⊥ ノ∃ Β͡ヘセ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヌ ͡ ⇒∠ミ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ - ケ⊥ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ リ ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハΙ ｘ や る∠ レ∠ も͡ べ∠カ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヴ͡ツ∇ボ∠Α び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダら∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴゼ ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツ∇ボΑ∠ (18. And warn t hem of t he Day t hat is drawing near, when t he heart s will be at t he t hroat s Kazimin. There will be no friend, nor an int ercessor for t he wrongdoers, who could be given heed t o.) (19. Allah knows t he fraud of t he eyes, and all t hat t he breast s conceal.) (20. And Allah j udges wit h t rut h, while t hose t o whom t hey invoke besides Him, cannot j udge anyt hing. Cert ainly, Allah! He is t he All-Hearer, t he All-Seer.)

Warning of the Day of Resurrection and Allah's judgement on that Day The Day t hat is drawing near' is one of t he names of t he Day of Judgement . It is so called because it is close, as Allah says:

び る∀ ヘ∠ セ ͡ ゅ∠ミ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ - る⊥ プ∠ コ͡ Ι ｘやろ ͡ プ∠ コ͡ ぺ∠ぴ (The Day of Resurrect ion draws near. None besides Allah can avert it ) (53:57-58)

び ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ペ ｚゼ ∠ ルや∠ヱ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ろ ͡ よ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホやぴ (The Hour has drawn near, and t he moon has been cleft asunder) (54:1)

び∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ ⇒∠ジェ ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホやぴ (Draws near for mankind t heir reckoning) (21:1),

び⊥ロヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∠ぺぴ (The Event (t he Hour) ordained by Allah will come t o pass, so seek not t o hast en it ) (16:1),

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇ろゃ∠ Β͡シ る⇔ ヘ∠ ∇ャコ⊥ ロ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (But when t hey will see it approaching, t he faces of t hose who disbelieve will change and t urn black wit h sadness and in grief) (67:27), and

び∠リΒ͡ヨヌ ͡ ⇒∠ミ ゲ͡ ィ ͡ ゅ∠レエ ∠ ∇ャや ン∠ギ∠ャ ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや ク͡ ま͡ぴ (when t he heart s will be at t he t hroat s Kazimin. ) Qat adah said, "When t he heart s reach t he t hroat s because of fear, and t hey will neit her come out nor go back t o t heir places.'' This was also t he view of ` Ikrimah, As-Suddi and ot hers.

び∠リΒ͡ヨヌ ͡ ⇒∠ミぴ (Kazimin) means silent , for no one will speak wit hout His permission:

Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤｚ∠ム∠わ∠Α Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ヘ∂ タ ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔よや∠ヲタ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ (The Day t hat Ar-Ruh (Jibril) and t he angels will st and fort h in rows, t hey will not speak except him whom t he Most Gracious allows, and he will speak what is right .) (78:38). Ibn Jurayj said:

び∠リΒ͡ヨヌ ͡ ⇒∠ミぴ (Kazimin) "It means weeping.''

び⊥ネゅ∠トΑ⊥ ノ∃ Β͡ヘセ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャ ゅ∠ョぴ (There will be no friend, nor an int ercessor for t he wrongdoers, who could be given heed t o.) means, t hose who wronged t hemselves by associat ing ot hers in worship wit h Allah, will have no relat ive t o help t hem and no int ercessor who can plead on t heir behalf; all means of good will be cut off from t hem.

び ケ⊥ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ リ ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハΙ ｘ や る∠ レ∠ も͡ べ∠カ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ぴ (Allah knows t he fraud of t he eyes, and all t hat t he breast s conceal.) Allah t ells us about His complet e knowledge which encompasses all t hings, great and small, maj or and minor, so t hat people will t ake not e t hat He knows about t hem and t hey will have t he proper sense of shyness before Allah. They will pay at t ent ion t o t he fact t hat He can see t hem, for He knows t he fraud of t he eyes, even if t he eyes look innocent , and He knows what t he heart s conceal. Ad-Dahhak said:

び͡リΒ⊥ ∇ハΙ ｘ や る∠ レ∠ も͡ べ∠カぴ (t he fraud of t he eyes,) "A wink and a man saying t hat he has seen somet hing when he has not seen it , or saying t hat he has not seen it when he did see it .'' Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "Allah knows when t he eye looks at somet hing, whet her it want s t o commit an act of bet rayal or not .'' This was also t he view of Muj ahid and Qat adah. Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, comment ed on t he Ayah:

び⊥ケヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and all t hat t he breast s conceal.)"He knows, if you were able t o, whet her you would commit Zina wit h a woman or not .'' As-Suddi said:

び⊥ケヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and all t hat t he breast s conceal.) meaning, of insinuat ing whispers.

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヴ͡ツ∇ボ∠Α ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah j udges wit h t rut h, ) means, He j udges wit h j ust ice. Al-A` mash narrat ed from Sa` id bin Jubayr from Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat t his Ayah means: "He is able t o reward t hose who do good wit h good and t hose who do evil wit h evil.''

び⊥ゲΒ͡ダら∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Cert ainly, Allah! He is t he All-Hearer, t he All-Seer.) This is how it was int erpret ed by Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him. This is like t he Ayah:

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン͡ゴ∇イΑ͡ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥￢ゅ∠シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン ∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ びヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲレ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠

(t hat He may requit e t hose who do evil wit h t hat which t hey have done, and reward t hose who do good, wit h what is best ) (53:31).

び͡ヮル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (while t hose t o whom t hey invoke besides Him,) means, t he idols and false gods,

び∃￢∇ヴゼ ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツ∇ボΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (cannot j udge anyt hing.) means, t hey do not possess anyt hing and t hey cannot j udge anyt hing.

び⊥ゲΒ͡ダら∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Cert ainly, Allah! He is t he All-Hearer, t he All-Seer.) means, He hears all t hat His creat ures say and He knows all about t hem, so He guides whomsoever He wills and sends ast ray whomsoever He wills. And He j udges wit h perfect j ust ice in all of t hat .

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Βプ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲル⊥ ゅ∠ミ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ や⇔ケゅ∠をや∠￢ヱ∠ り⇔ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ろ∠ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ベ ∃ や∠ヱ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ム∠ プ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほゎｚ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ン ｘ ヲ͡ ホ∠ (21. Have t hey not t raveled in t he land and seen what was t he end of t hose who were before t hem They were superior t o t hem in st rengt h, and in t he t races in t he land. But Allah seized t hem wit h punishment for t heir sins. And none had t hey t o prot ect t hem from Allah.) (22. That was because t here came t o t hem t heir Messengers wit h clear evidences but t hey disbelieved (in t hem). So Allah seized t hem. Verily, He is All-St rong, Severe in punishment .)

The Severe Punishment for the Disbelievers

び∇やヱ⊥ゲΒジ∠Α ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Have t hey not t raveled), ` t hese people who disbelieve in your Message, O Muhammad,'

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Βプ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ (in t he land and seen what was t he end of t hose who were before t hem) means, t he nat ions of t he past who disbelieved in t heir Prophet s (peace be upon t hem), for which t he punishment came upon t hem even t hough t hey were st ronger t han Quraysh.

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ や⇔ケゅ∠をや∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (and in t he t races in t he land.) means, t hey left behind t races in t he eart h, such as st ruct ures, buildings and dwellings which t hese people ぴi.e., t he Qurayshび cannot mat ch. This is like t he Ayat :

び͡ヮΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚレムｚ ョｚ ラ͡ま べ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レムｚ ョ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed We had firmly est ablished t hem wit h t hat wherewit h We have not est ablished you!) (46:26)

びゅ∠ワヱ⊥ゲヨ∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ べ∠ワヱ⊥ゲヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ∇やヱ⊥ケゅ∠をぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey t illed t he eart h and populat ed it in great er numbers t han t hese have done) (30:9). Yet despit e t his great st rengt h, Allah punished t hem for t heir sin, which was t heir disbelief in t heir Messengers.

び∃ベや∠ヱ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And none had t hey t o prot ect t hem from Allah.) means, t hey had no one who could prot ect t hem or ward off t he punishment from t hem. Then Allah ment ions t he reason why He punished t hem, and t he sins which t hey commit t ed. Allah says:

び͡ろ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほゎｚ ろ∠ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That was because t here came t o t hem t heir Messengers wit h clear evidences) meaning wit h clear proof and definit ive evidence.

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ム∠ プ∠ ぴ (but t hey disbelieved.) means, despit e all t hese signs, t hey disbelieved and rej ect ed t he Message.

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So Allah seized t hem.) means, He dest royed t hem ut t erly, and a similar fat e await s t he disbelievers.

び͡ゆゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ン ｘ ヲ͡ ホ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, He is All-St rong, Severe in punishment ) means, He is possessed of great st rengt h and might .

び͡ゆゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ぴ (Severe in punishment , ) means, His punishment is severe and agonizing; we seek refuge wit h Allah, may He be blessed and exalt ed, from t hat .

ヴ∠ャま͡ - リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ - ∀ゆやｚグ⇒∠ミ ∀ゲ͡エ⇒∠シ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ⇒∠ホヱ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホや ∇やヲャ⊥ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ル͡ギレ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ギ⊥ ∇Β⇒∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ジル͡ ∇やヲ⊥Β∇エわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ͡ルヱ⊥ケ∠ク ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ - モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや メ ∠ ギあ ら∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ネ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ∇モわ⊥ ∇ホぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ - キ∠ ゅ∠ジヘ∠ ∇ャや チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゲ∠ ヰ͡ ∇ヌΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユ⇒⊥ム∠レΑ͡キ Ι ｚ ゲ∃ らあ ム∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ あモミ⊥ リあョ ∇ユ⇒⊥ムよあ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよゲ∠ よ͡ れ ⊥ ∇グハ ⊥ ヴあルま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ (23. And indeed We sent Musa wit h Our Ayat , and a manifest aut horit y,) (24. To Fir` awn, Haman and Qarun, but t hey called (him): "A sorcerer, a liar!'') (25. Then, when he brought t hem t he Trut h from Us, t hey said: "Kill wit h him t he sons of t hose who believe and let t heir women live;'' but t he plot s of disbelievers are not hing but in vain!) (26. Fir` awn said: "Leave me t o kill Musa, and let him call his Lord! I fear t hat he may change your religion, or t hat he may cause mischief t o appear in t he land!'') (27. Musa said: "Verily, I seek refuge in my Lord and your Lord from every arrogant who believes not in t he Day of Reckoning!'')

The Story of Musa and Fir` awn Allah consoles His Prophet Muhammad for t he disbelief of his people and gives him t he glad t idings of good consequences and vict ory in t his world and t he Hereaft er, as happened t o Musa bin ` Imran, peace be upon him, whom Allah sent wit h clear proof and definit ive evidence. Allah says:

び∃リΒ͡らョぁ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ぴ (wit h Our Ayat , and a manifest aut horit y). Aut horit y means proof and evidence.

び∠ラ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (t o Fir` awn), who was t he king of t he Copt s of Egypt .

び∠リ⇒∠ヨ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ぴ (Haman) who was his adviser.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲゼ⇒∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (and Qarun) who was t he richest t rader among t he people of his t ime.

び∀ゆやｚグ⇒∠ミ ∀ゲ͡エ⇒∠シ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ (but t hey called (him): "A sorcerer, liar!'') means, t hey rej ect ed him and t hought he was a sorcerer, a madman and an illusionist who was t elling lies about having been sent by Allah. This is like t he Ayah:

Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ べ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇や∇ヲタ ∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ ぺ∠ - ∀ラヲ⊥レ∇イョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀ゲ͡エ⇒∠シ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピ⇒∠デ (Likewise, no Messenger came t o t hose before t hem but t hey said: "A sorcerer or a madman!'' Have t hey t ransmit t ed t his saying t o t hese Nay, t hey are t hemselves a people t ransgressing beyond bounds!) (51:52-53)

びゅ∠ルギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then, when he brought t hem t he Trut h from Us,) means, wit h definit e evidence t hat Allah had sent him t o t hem,

∇やヲ⊥Β∇エわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ び∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ジル͡ (t hey said: "Kill wit h him t he sons of t hose who believe and let t heir women live;) This was a second command from Fir` awn t o kill t he males of t he Children of Israel. The first command had been as a precaut ion against t he emergence of a man like Musa, or an act int ended t o humiliat e t his people or reduce t heir numbers or bot h. The second command was for t he second reason, t o humiliat e t he people so t hat t hey would regard Musa as a bad omen. t hey said:

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ゅ∠レΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レΑ͡クヱ⊥ぺぴ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ヘ∠ ヤ͡∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ｚヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ゲ∠ ヌ ⊥ レ∠Βプ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや ("We (Children of Israel) had suffered t roubles before you came t o us, and since you have come t o us.'' He said: "It may be t hat your Lord will dest roy your enemy and make you successors on t he eart h, so t hat He may see how you act '') (7:129). Qat adah said, t his was one command aft er anot her.

び∃モ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ギ⊥ ∇Β⇒∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (but t he plot s of disbelievers are not hing but in vain!) means, t heir schemes and int ent ions -t o reduce t he numbers of t he Children of Israel lest t hey prevail over t hem -- were doomed t o failure.

び⊥ヮよｚ ケ∠ ネ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ∇モわ⊥ ∇ホぺ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥ケク∠ ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (Fir` awn said: "Leave me t o kill Musa, and let him call his Lord!...'') Fir` awn, may Allah curse him, resolved t o kill Musa, peace be upon him, i.e., he said t o his people, ` let me kill him for you.'

び⊥ヮよｚ ケ∠ ネ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ぴ (and let him call his Lord!) means, ` I do not care.' This is t he ut most in offensive st ubbornness.

ヴ͡プ ゲ∠ ヰ͡ ∇ヌΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユ⇒⊥ム∠レΑ͡キ メ ∠ ギあ ら∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ び∠キゅ∠ジヘ∠ ∇ャや チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや (I fear t hat he may change your religion, or t hat he may cause mischief t o appear in t he land!) means, Musa; Fir` awn was afraid t hat Musa would lead his people ast ray and change t heir ways and cust oms. As if Fir` awn would be concerned about what Musa might do t o his people! The maj orit y underst ood t his as meaning, ` he will change your religion and cause mischief t o appear in t he land.'

あモミ⊥ リあョ ∇ユ⇒⊥ムよあ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよ∠ゲ͡よ れ ⊥ ∇グハ ⊥ ヴあルま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ ゲ∃ らあ ム∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ (Musa said: "Verily, I seek refuge in my Lord and your Lord from every arrogant who believes not in t he Day of Reckoning!'') means, when he heard t hat Fir` awn had said,

びヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ∇モわ⊥ ∇ホぺ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥ケク∠ ぴ (Leave me t o kill Musa,) Musa, peace be upon him, said, "I seek refuge and prot ect ion wit h Allah from his evil and t he evil of t hose like him.'' So he said:

び∇ユ⇒⊥ムよあ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよゲ∠ よ͡ れ ⊥ ∇グハ ⊥ ヴあル͡まぴ (Verily, I seek refuge in my Lord and your Lord) -- t hose who were being addressed here --

び∃ゲらあ ム∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ あモミ⊥ リあョぴ (from every arrogant ) means, from every evildoer,

び͡ゆゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚぴ (who believes not in t he Day of Reckoning!) It was report ed in t he Hadit h narrat ed from Abu Musa, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat when t he Messenger of Allah was afraid of some people, he would say:

ヶ͡プ マ ∠ よ͡ ぺ⊥ケ∠ ∇ギル∠ ヱ∠ ∩∇ユ͡ワ͡ケヱ⊥ゲセ ⊥ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥バル∠ ゅｚル͡ま ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや» «ユ͡ワケ͡ ヲ⊥エル⊥

(O Allah, we seek refuge in You from t heir evil and we seek Your help in repulsing t hem.)

ヮ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ͡ や∠￢ ∇リョあ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョぁ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ よあ ケ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Κ ⇔ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ぺ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ グ͡ ミ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔よ͡グ⇒∠ミ マ ⊥ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ン͡グャｚや ヂ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇らダ ͡ Α⊥ ゅ⇔ホ͡ギ⇒∠タ マ ⊥ Α∠ マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ュ͡ ヲ∠ボΑ - ∀ゆやｚグ∠ミ ∀フ͡ゲ∇ジョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠Α リ∠ヨプ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヰ͡ ⇒∠ニ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや べ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ べョ∠ ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ィ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤｚャや サ ͡ ∇ほよ∠ び キ͡ ゅ∠セゲｚ ャや モ ∠ Β͡らシ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇ワぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ン∠ケぺ∠ (28. And a believing man of Fir` awn's family, who hid his Fait h said: "Would you kill a man because he says: ` My Lord is Allah,' and he has come t o you wit h clear signs from your Lord And if he is a liar, upon him will be (t he sin of) his lie; but if he is t elling t he t rut h, t hen some of t hat (calamit y) wherewit h he t hreat ens you will befall on you.'' Verily, Allah guides not one who is a t ransgressor, a liar!) (29. "O my people! Yours is t he kingdom t oday, you being dominant in t he land. But who will save us from t he t orment of Allah, should it befall us'' Fir` awn said: "I show you only t hat which I see, and I guide you only t o t he pat h of right policy!'')

Musa was supported by a believing Man from Fir` awn's Family The well-known view is t hat t his believing man was a Copt ic (Egypt ian) from t he family of Fir` awn. As-Suddi said, he was a cousin ぴson of t he pat ernal uncleび of Fir` awn. And it was said t hat he was t he one who was saved along wit h Musa, peace be upon him. Ibn Jurayj report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said "No one from among t he family of Fir` awn believed apart from t his man, t he wife of Fir` awn, and t he one who said,

び∠ポヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΒ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヨ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ Κ ∂ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑぴ ("O Musa! Verily, t he chiefs are t aking counsel t oget her about you, t o kill you.'')'' (28:20) This was narrat ed by Ibn Abi Hat im. This man concealed his Fait h from his people, t he Egypt ians, and did not reveal it except on t his day when Fir` awn said,

びヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ∇モわ⊥ ∇ホぺ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥ケク∠ ぴ (Leave me t o kill Musa,) The man was seized wit h anger for t he sake of Allah, and t he best of Jihad is t o speak a j ust word before an unj ust ruler, as is st at ed in t he Hadit h. There is no great er example of t his t han t he words t hat t his man said t o Fir` awn:

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ヴ ∠ よあ ケ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Κ ⇔ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボ∠ゎ∠ぺぴ (Would you kill a man because he says: ` My Lord is Allah,) Al-Bukhari narrat ed a similar st ory in his Sahih from ` Urwah bin Az-Zubayr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, who said: "I said t o ` Abdullah bin ` Amr bin Al-` As, may Allah be pleased wit h him: ` Tell me, what was t he worst t hing t he idolat ors did t o t he Messenger of Allah ' He said, ` While t he Messenger of Allah was praying in t he court yard of t he Ka` bah, ` Uqbah bin Abi Mu` it came and grabbed t he shoulder of t he Messenger of Allah and st art ed t wist ing his garment so t hat it st rangled him. Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, came and grabbed ぴ` Uqbah'sび shoulder and pushed him away from t he Prophet , t hen he said,

∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ よあ ケ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Κ ⇔ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボ∠ゎ∠ぺぴ び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (Would you kill a man because he says: ` My Lord is Allah,' and he has come t o you wit h clear signs from your Lord).''' This was recorded by Al-Bukhari. Allah's saying;

び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and he has come t o you wit h clear signs from your Lord) means, "how can you kill a man j ust because he says, ` My Lord is Allah,' and he brings proof t hat what he is saying is t he t rut h'' Then, for t he sake of argument , he went along wit h t hem and said,

ゅ⇔ホ͡ギ⇒∠タ マ ⊥ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ グ͡ ミ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔よ͡グ⇒∠ミ マ ⊥ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ン͡グャｚや ヂ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇らダ ͡ Α⊥ (And if he is a liar, upon him will be (t he sin of) his lie; but if he is t elling t he t rut h, t hen some of t hat (calamit y) wherewit h he t hreat ens you will befall on you. ) meaning, ` if you do not believe in what he is saying, t hen it is only common sense t o leave him alone and not harm him; if he is lying, t hen Allah will punish him for his lies in t his world and in t he Hereaft er. If he is t elling t he t rut h and you harm him, t hen some of what he is warning about will happen t o you t oo, because he is t hreat ening you wit h punishment in t his world and in t he Hereaft er if you go against him. It is possible t hat he is t elling t he t rut h in your case, so you should leave him and his people alone, and not harm t hem.' Allah t ells us t hat Musa asked Fir` awn and his people t o leave t hem in peace, as Allah says:

∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ゅｚレわ∠ プ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヴあルま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ∇やヱぁキぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ - ∀ユΑ͡ゲ∠ミ び ∀リΒ͡ョぺ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ト∇ヤジ ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎや∠￢ ヴあルま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ -ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ヨィ ⊥ ∇ゲゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよゲ∠ よ͡ れ ⊥ ∇グハ ⊥ ヴあル͡ま∠ヱ - リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ びラ ͡ ヲ⊥ャゴ͡ わ∠ ∇ハゅ∠プ ヴ͡ャ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡まヱ∠ (And indeed We t ried before t hem Fir` awn's people, when t here came t o t hem a noble Messenger, saying: "Deliver t o me t he servant s of Allah. Verily, I am t o you a Messenger wort hy of all t rust . And exalt not yourselves against Allah. Truly, I have come t o you wit h a manifest aut horit y. And t ruly, I seek refuge wit h my Lord and your Lord, lest you should st one me. But if you believe me not , t hen keep away from me and leave me alone.'') (44:17-21). Similarly, t he Messenger of Allah t old t he Quraysh t o leave him alone and let him call t he servant s of Allah t o Allah; he asked t hem not t o harm him, and t o uphold t he t ies of kinship t hat exist ed bet ween him and t hem, by not harming him. Allah says:

びヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ り∠ キｚ ヲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠∇シぺ∠ Ι ｚ モ⊥ホぴ (Say: "No reward do I ask of you for t his except t o be kind t o me for my kinship wit h you.'') (42:23), meaning, ` do not harm me, because of t he t ies of kinship t hat exist bet ween me and you; so do not harm me, and let me address my call t o t he people.' This was t he basis of t he t ruce agreed upon on t he day of Al-Hudaybiyah, which was a manifest vict ory.

び∀ゆやｚグミ∠ ∀フ͡ゲ∇ジョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah guides not one who is a t ransgressor, a liar!) means, ` if t he one who claims t o have been sent by Allah is a liar, as you say, t his would be obvious t o everyone from his words and deeds, for t hey would be inconsist ent and self-cont radict ory. But we can see t hat t his man is upright and what he says is consist ent . If he was a sinner and a liar, Allah would not have guided him and made his words and act ions rat ional and consist ent as you see t hem.' Then t his believer warned his people t hat t hey would lose t he blessings Allah best owed upon t hem and t hat t he vengeance of Allah would befall t hem:

び͡チ∇ケｘΙや ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヰ͡ ⇒∠ニ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ュ͡ ヲ∠ボΑぴ (O my people! Yours is t he kingdom t oday, you being dominant in t he land.) means, ` Allah has blessed you wit h t his kingdom, dominance in t he land, power and aut horit y, so t ake care of

t his blessing by giving t hanks t o Allah and believing in his Messenger, and beware of t he punishment of Allah if you rej ect His Messenger.'

びゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ィ ラま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや サ ͡ ∇ほよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠Α リ∠ヨ∠プぴ (But who will save us from t he t orment of Allah, should it befall us) means, ` t hese soldiers and t roops will not avail you anyt hing and will not ward off t he punishment of Allah, if He decides t o punish us.' Fir` awn said t o his people, in response t o t he advice of t his right eous man who was more deserving of kingship t han Fir` awn:

びン∠ケぺ∠ べ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ べ∠ョぴ (I show you only t hat which I see,) meaning, ` I only t ell you and advise you t o do t hat which I t hink is good for myself, t oo.' But Fir` awn lied, because he knew t hat Musa was t elling t he t rut h concerning t he Message which he brought .

ゆ ぁ ケ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ろ ∠ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び∠ゲも͡ べ∠ダよ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (ぴMusaび said: "Verily, you know t hat t hese signs have been sent down by none but t he Lord of t he heavens and t he eart h.'') (17:102)

び⇔やヲ∂ ヤ⊥ハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヰ∇わレ∠ ボ∠ ∇Βわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠エ∠ィ∠ヱぴ (And t hey belied t hem (t hose Ayat ) wrongfully and arrogant ly, t hough t hey were t hemselves convinced t hereof) (27:14)

びン∠ケぺ∠ べ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ べ∠ョぴ (I show you only t hat which I see,) -- Fir` awn ut t ered a lie and a fabricat ion; he bet rayed Allah and His Messenger, and cheat ed his people by not advising t hem sincerely.

び͡キゅ∠セゲｚ ャや モ ∠ Β͡らシ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇ワぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and I guide you only t o t he pat h of right policy!) means, ` and I am only calling you t o t he pat h of t rut h, sincerit y and guidance.' This was also a lie, but his people obeyed him and followed him. Allah says:

び∃ギΒ͡セゲ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べョ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ ゅ∠プぴ

(t hey followed t he command of Fir` awn, and t he command of Fir` awn was no right guide) (11:97).

び ン∠ギ∠ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ モ ｚッ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And Fir` awn led his people ast ray, and he did not guide t hem.) (20:79) According t o a Hadit h:

ス ｘ ゅ∠ビ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ ュゅ∠ョま͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» ゅ∠ヰ∠エΑ͡ケ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや る∠ エ ∠ も͡ や∠ケ ∇ゥゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∩͡ヮわ͡ Βｚ ハ ͡ ゲ∠ ャ͡ «ュゅ∠ハ る͡ も∠ ゅ͡ヨジ ͡ ∇ヨカ ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ Β͡ジョ∠ ∇リョ͡ ギ⊥ ィ ∠ ヲ⊥Βャ∠ (There is no leader who dies having cheat ed his people, but he will never smell t he fragrance of Paradise, and it s fragrance can be det ect ed from a dist ance of a five-hundred year j ourney.)'' And Allah is t he Guide t o t he st raight pat h.

モ ∠ ∇んョあ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ン͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヱ∠ キ∃ ゅ∠ハヱ∠ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ゆ ͡ ∇ぺキ∠ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ - ゆ ͡ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ - キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ヤャあ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲぁャヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - キ͡ ゅ∠レわｚ ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α∠ヱ モ ͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ユ∃ タ ͡ ゅ∠ハ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ Α͡ゲよ͡ ∇ギョ⊥ リ͡ョ ブ ⊥ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユ⇒⊥ミ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - キ∃ ゅ∠ワ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユ⇒⊥ミ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨョあ マ ｙセ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ャコ͡ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リ∠ャ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ マ ∠ ヤ∠ワ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ∀ゆゅ∠ゎ∇ゲョぁ ∀フ͡ゲ∇ジョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ぁモツ ͡ Α⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゲ∠ ら⊥ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎぺ∠ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ノ⊥ ら∠ ∇トΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ギ∠ レ͡ハヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ⇔わ∇ボョ∠ び ケ∃ ゅｚらィ ∠ ゲ∃ らあ ム∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ょ ͡ ∇ヤホ∠ モ あ ⇒⊥ミ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (30. And he who believed said: "O my people! Verily, I fear for you an end like t hat day (of disast er) of t he groups (of old)!'') (31. "Like t he end of t he people of Nuh, and ` Ad, and Thamud and t hose who came aft er t hem. And Allah wills no inj ust ice for (His) servant s.'') (32. "And, O my people! Verily, I fear for you t he Day when t here will be mut ual calling.'') (33. A Day when you will t urn your backs and flee having no prot ect or from Allah. And whomsoever Allah sends ast ray, for him t here is no guide.) (34. And indeed Yusuf did come t o you, in t imes gone by, wit h clear signs, but you ceased not t o doubt in t hat which he did bring t o you, t ill when he died, you said: "No Messenger will Allah send aft er him.'' Thus Allah leaves ast ray him who is a t ransgressor and a skept ic.) (35. Those who disput e about t he Ayat of Allah, wit hout any aut horit y t hat has come t o t hem, it is great ly hat eful and disgust ing t o Allah and t o t hose who believe. Thus does Allah seal up t he heart of every arrogant , t yrant .) Here Allah t ells us t hat t his right eous man, t he believer from among t he family of Fir` awn, warned his people of t he punishment of Allah in t his world and t he Hereaft er, saying,

び͡ゆや∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ モ ∠ ∇んョあ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Αぴ (O my people! Verily, I fear for you an end like t hat day (of disast er) of t he groups (of old)!) meaning, t hose of t he earlier nat ions who disbelieved t he Messengers of Allah, such as t he people of Nuh, ` Ad, Thamud and t he disbelieving nat ions who came aft er t hem, how t he punishment of Allah came upon t hem and t hey had no one t o prot ect t hem or ward off t hat punishment .

び͡キゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ヤャあ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah wills no inj ust ice for (His) servant s.) means, Allah dest royed t hem for t heir sins and for t heir disbelief in and rej ect ion of His Messengers; t his was His command and His decree concerning t hem t hat was fulfilled. Then he said:

び キ͡ ゅ∠レわｚ ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α∠ヱぴ (And, O my people! Verily, I fear for you t he Day when t here will be mut ual calling.) meaning, t he Day of Resurrect ion.

び∠リΑ͡ゲよ͡ ∇ギョ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲぁャヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (A Day when you will t urn your backs and flee) means, running away.

び ゲぁ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ - ケ∠ コ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ

(No! There is no refuge! Unt o your Lord will be t he place of rest t hat Day.) (75:11-12) Allah says:

び∃ユタ ͡ ゅ∠ハ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (having no prot ect or from Allah.) meaning, ` you will have no one t o prot ect you from t he punishment and t orment of Allah.'

び∃キゅ∠ワ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whomsoever Allah sends ast ray, for him t here is no guide.) means, whomever Allah sends ast ray will have no ot her guide except Him. Allah's saying:

び͡ろ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ブ ⊥ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユ⇒⊥ミ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed Yusuf came t o you, in t imes gone by, wit h clear signs,) refers t o t he people of Egypt . Allah sent a Messenger t o t hem before t he t ime of Musa, peace be upon him, in t he person of Yusuf, peace be upon him, who at t ained a high posit ion in t he government of t he people of Egypt . He was a Messenger who called his people t o Allah wit h j ust ice, but t hey did not obey him in mat t ers of worshipping Allah, t hey only obeyed him in worldly mat t ers t hat pert ained t o his posit ion in t he government . Allah says:

マ ∠ ヤ∠ワ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユ⇒⊥ミ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨョあ マ ｙセ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ャコ͡ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ び⇔Ιヲ⊥シケ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リ∠ャ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ (but you ceased not t o doubt in t hat which he brought t o you, t ill when he died, you said: "No Messenger will Allah send aft er him.'') means, ` you despaired, and said by way of wishful t hinking,'

び⇔Ιヲ⊥シケ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リ∠ャぴ (No Messenger will Allah send aft er him.) This was because of t heir disbelief and rej ect ion (of t he Messengers).

び∀ゆゅ∠ゎ∇ゲョぁ ∀フ͡ゲ∇ジョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ぁモツ ͡ Α⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Thus Allah leaves ast ray him who is a t ransgressor and a skept ic. ) means, t his is t he st at e of t he one whom Allah sends ast ray because of his sinful act ions and t he doubt s in his heart .

リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎぺ∠ (Those who disput e about t he Ayat of Allah, wit hout any aut horit y t hat has come t o t hem,) means, t hose who at t empt t o refut e t rut h wit h falsehood and who disput e t he proof wit hout evidence or proof from Allah, Allah will hat e t hem wit h t he ut most loat hing. Allah says:

び∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ギ∠ レ͡ハヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ⇔わ∇ボョ∠ ゲ∠ ら⊥ ミ∠ ぴ (it is great ly hat eful and disgust ing t o Allah and t o t hose who believe.) meaning, t he believers t oo will despise t hose who are like t his, and whoever is like t his, Allah will put a seal on his heart so t hat aft er t hat he will not acknowledge anyt hing good or denounce anyt hing evil. Allah says:

び∃ゲらあ ム∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ょ ͡ ∇ヤホ∠ モ あ ⇒⊥ミ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ノ⊥ ら∠ ∇トΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Thus does Allah seal up t he heart of every arrogant .) meaning, so t hat t hey cannot follow t he t rut h.

び∃ケゅｚらィ ∠ぴ (t yrant .)

ヒ⊥ ヤ⊥∇よぺ∠ ヴあヤ⇒∠バャｚ ゅ⇔ェ∇ゲタ ∠ ヴ͡ャ リ ͡ ∇よや リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ⇒∠ヰΑ ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ ⇒∠ャま͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ノ∠ ヤ͡デ ｚ ほ∠プ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠ら∇シぺ∠ - ょ ∠ ⇒∠ら∇シΙ ｘや ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ャ͡ リ ∠ Αあ コ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ⇒∠ミヱ∠ ゅ⇔よ͡グ⇒∠ミ ヮ⊥ ぁレニ ⊥ ∂Ι ヴあル͡ま∠ヱ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ギ⊥ ∇Β⇒∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ｚギタ ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ びゆ ∃ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ (36. And Fir` awn said: "O Haman! Build me a loft y t ower t hat I may arrive at t he ways --) (37. The ways of t he heavens, and I may look upon t he God of Musa, but verily, I t hink him t o be a liar.'' Thus it was made fair seeming, in Fir` awn's eyes, t he evil of his deeds, and he was hindered from t he pat h; and t he plot of Fir` awn led t o not hing but loss and dest ruct ion.)

How Fir` awn mocked the Lord of Musa

Allah t ells us of t he arrogant and host ile defiance of Fir` awn and his rej ect ion of Musa, when he commanded his minist er Haman t o build him a t ower, i.e., a t all, high, st rong fort ress. He built it of bricks made from baked clay, as Allah says:

ヴあャ モ∠バ∇ィゅ∠プ リ ͡ Βあトャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ⇒∠ヰΑ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ギホ͡ ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ ぴ び⇔ゅェ∇ゲタ ∠ (So kindle for me (a fire), O Haman, t o bake (bricks out of) clay, and set up for me a loft y t ower) (28:38).

び͡れヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ∠ょ⇒∠ら∇シ∠ほ∠ら⇒∠ら∇シｘΙや ヒ⊥ ヤ⊥∇よぺ∠ ヴあヤ⇒∠バャｚぴ (t hat I may arrive at t he ways -- t he ways of t he heavens,) Sa` id bin Jubayr and Abu Salih said, "The gat es of t he heavens.'' Or it was said, t he ways of t he heavens.

び⇔ゅよ͡グ⇒∠ミ ヮ⊥ ぁレニ ⊥ ∂Ι ヴあル͡ま∠ヱ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヮ͡ ⇒∠ャま͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ノ∠ ヤ͡デ ｚ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (and I may look upon t he God of Musa, but verily, I t hink him t o be a liar.) Because of his disbelief and defiance, he did not believe t hat Allah had sent Musa t o him. Allah says:

リ ͡ハ ∠ ｚギタ ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ャ͡ リ ∠ Αあ コ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ⇒∠ミヱ∠ ぴ び͡モΒ͡らジ ｚ ャや (Thus it was made fair seeming, in Fir` awn's eyes, t he evil of his deeds, and he was hindered from t he pat h;) means, t his act of his ぴbuilding t he t owerび, by means of which he want ed t o deceive his people and make t hem t hink t hat he could prove t hat Musa was lying. Allah says:

び∃ゆゅ∠らゎ∠ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ギ⊥ ∇Β⇒∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and t he plot of Fir` awn led t o not hing but loss and dest ruct ion.) Ibn ` Abbas and Muj ahid said, "Meaning not hing but ruin.''

モ ∠ ⇒Β͡らシ ∠ ∇ユ⇒⊥ミギ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ や ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ン͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α - キ͡ ゅ⇒∠セゲｚ ャや Κ ∠ プ∠ る⇔ ゃ∠ Βあ ⇒∠シ モ ∠ ⇒͡ヨハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ - ケ͡ や∠ゲ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ケ⊥ や∠キ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや

∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ⇒∠ミク∠ リあョ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ⇒͡ヨハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇んョ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ン∠ゴ∇イΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホコ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ん∇ルぺ⊥ びゆ ∃ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (38. And t he man who believed said: "O my people! Follow me, I will guide you t o t he way of right conduct .'') (39. "O my people! Truly, t his life of t he world is not hing but an enj oyment , and verily, t he Hereaft er t hat is t he home t hat will remain forever.'') (40. "Whoever does an evil deed, will not be requit ed except t he like t hereof; and whosoever does a right eous deed, whet her male or female and is a t rue believer, such will ent er Paradise, where t hey will be provided t herein wit hout limit .'')

More of what the Believer from Fir` awn's Family said This believer said t o his people who persist ed in t heir rebellion and t ransgression, and preferred t he life of t his world:

び͡キゅ⇒∠セゲｚ ャや モ ∠ ⇒Β͡らシ ∠ ∇ユ⇒⊥ミギ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ や ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Αぴ (O my people! Follow me, I will guide you t o t he way of right conduct .) This is in cont rast t o t he false claim of Fir` awn:

び͡キゅ∠セゲｚ ャや モ ∠ Β͡らシ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇ワぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and I guide you only t o t he pat h of right policy.) Then he sought t o make t hem shun t his world which t hey preferred t o t he Hereaft er, and which had prevent ed t hem from believing in t he Messenger of Allah, Musa, peace be upon him. He said:

び∀ノ⇒∠わョ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Αぴ (O my people! Truly, t his life of t he world is not hing but an enj oyment ,) meaning, it is insignificant and fleet ing, and soon it will diminish and pass away.

び͡ケや∠ゲ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ケ⊥ や∠キ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and verily, t he Hereaft er t hat is t he home t hat will remain forever.) means, t he abode which will never end and from which t here will be no depart ure, which will be eit her Paradise or Hell. Allah says:

びゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇んョ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ン∠ゴ∇イΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ る⇔ ゃ∠ Βあ ⇒∠シ モ ∠ ⇒͡ヨハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ぴ

(Whosoever does an evil deed, will not be requit ed except t he like t hereof;) means, one like it .

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ん∇ルぺ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ⇒∠ミク∠ リあョ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ⇒͡ヨハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∠ラヲ⊥ホ∠コ∇ゲΑ⊥ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ び∃ゆゅ∠ジェ ͡ (and whosoever does a right eous deed, whet her male or female and is a t rue believer, such will ent er Paradise, where t hey will be provided t herein wit hout limit .) means, t he reward cannot be enumerat ed, but Allah will give an immense reward wit hout end. And Allah is t he Guide t o t he st raight pat h.

ヴ͡レル∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ヱ∠ ͡りヲ∠イレｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユ⇒⊥ミヲ⊥ハ∇キぺ∠ ヴ͡ャ ゅ∠ョ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Αヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇セぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゲ∠ ヘ⊥ ⇒∇ミΙ ∂ ヴ͡レル∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ - ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ケ͡ ゅｚヘピ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇キぺ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ユ∇ヤ͡ハ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ͡ャ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヴ͡プ り∀ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡レル∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ュ∠ ゲ∠ ィ ∠ Ι ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠ルキｚ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グわ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ - ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡プゲ͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ チ ⊥ あヲプ∠ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∇ユ⇒⊥ムャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ ベ ∠ ゅ∠ェヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ムョ∠ ゅ∠ョ れ ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ロ⊥ ゅ∠ホヲ∠プ - キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ッ∠ゲ∇バΑ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや - ͡ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや ￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ゼ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔∂ヱギ⊥ ビ ⊥ びゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ (41. "And O my people! How is it t hat I call you t o salvat ion while you call me t o t he Fire!'') (42. "You invit e me t o disbelieve in Allah, and t o j oin part ners in worship wit h Him of which I have no knowledge; and I invit e you t o t he Almight y, t he Oft -Forgiving!'') (43. "La Jarama, you call me t o one t hat does not have a claim in t his world or in t he Hereaft er. And our ret urn will be t o Allah, and t he t ransgressors, t hey shall be t he dwellers of t he Fire!'') (44. "And you will

remember what I am t elling you, and my affair I leave it t o Allah. Verily, Allah is t he All-Seer of (His) servant s.'') (45. So, Allah saved him from t he evils t hat t hey plot t ed (against him), while an evil t orment encompassed Fir` awn's people.) (46. The Fire, t hey are exposed t o it , morning and aft ernoon. And on t he Day when t he Hour will be est ablished (it will be said t o t he angels): "Admit Fir` awn's people int o t he severest t orment !'')

The Conclusion of the Believer's Words, and the ultimate Destiny of both Parties That believer said: ` Why do I call you t o salvat ion, which is t he worship of Allah alone wit h no part ner or associat e, and belief in His Messenger, whom He has sent ,'

ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゲ∠ ヘ⊥ ⇒∇ミΙ ∂ ヴ͡レル∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ͡レル∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∀ユ∇ヤハ ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ͡ャ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇セぺ⊥ヱ∠ (while you call me t o t he Fire! You invit e me t o disbelieve in Allah, and t o j oin part ners in worship wit h Him of which I have no knowledge;) means, on t he basis of ignorance, wit h no proof or evidence.

び͡ケゅｚヘピ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇キぺ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and I invit e you t o t he Almight y, t he Oft -Forgiving!) means, wit h all His might and pride, He st ill forgives t he sin of t he one who repent s t o Him.

び͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡レル∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ュ∠ ゲ∠ ィ ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (La Jarama, you call me t o one) They say it means, "Truly.'' As-Suddi and Ibn Jarir said t hat t he meaning of His saying:

び∠ュゲ∠ ィ ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (La j arama) means "Truly.'' Ad-Dahhak said:

び∠ュゲ∠ ィ ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (La Jarama) means, "No lie.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah and Ibn ` Abbas said:

び∠ュゲ∠ ィ ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (La Jarama) means, "Indeed, t he one t hat you call me t o of idols and false gods

び͡りゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ り∀ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ (t hat does not have a claim in t his world or in t he Hereaft er).'' Muj ahid said, "The idols t hat do not have anyt hing.'' Qat adah said, "This means t hat idols possess no power eit her t o benefit or t o harm.'' As-Suddi said, "They do not respond t o t hose who call upon t hem, eit her in t his world or in t he Hereaft er.'' This is like t he Ayah:

Ι ｚ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リｚヨョ͡ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ハキ⊥ リ∠ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ⊥ Β͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ギ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ゼ ͡ェ ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ (And who is more ast ray t han one who calls on besides Allah, such as will not answer him t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion, and who are unaware of t heir calls t o t hem And when t he people are gat hered, t hey will become t heir enemies and deny t heir worship.) (46:5-6)

ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ハキ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シや (If you invoke t hem, t hey hear not your call; and if t hey were t o hear, t hey could not grant it t o you) (35:14).

び͡ヮヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠ルキｚ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And our ret urn will be t o Allah,) means, in t he Hereaft er, where He will reward or punish each person according t o his deeds. He says:

び͡ケゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡プゲ͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and t he t ransgressors, t hey shall be t he dwellers of t he Fire!) meaning, t hey will dwell t herein forever, because of t heir great sin, which is associat ing ot hers in worship wit h Allah.

び∇ユ⇒⊥ムャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グわ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (And you will remember what I am t elling you,) means, ` you will come t o know t he t rut h of what I enj oined upon ` you and forbade you t o do, t he advice I gave you and what I explained

t o you. You will come t o know, and you will feel regret at t he t ime when regret will be of no avail.'

び͡ヮヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ チ ⊥ あヲプ∠ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (and my affair I leave it t o Allah.) means, ` I put my t rust in Allah and seek His help, and I renounce you ut t erly.'

び͡キゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is t he All-Seer of (His) servant s.) means, He knows all about t hem, may He be exalt ed and sanct ified, and He guides t hose who deserve t o be guided and sends ast ray t hose who deserve t o be sent ast ray; His is t he perf ect proof, ut most wisdom and might y power.

び∇やヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ムョ∠ ゅ∠ョ れ ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ロ⊥ ゅ∠ホヲ∠プぴ (So Allah saved him from t he evils t hat t hey plot t ed,) means, in t his world and in t he Hereaft er; in t his world, Allah saved him along wit h Musa, peace be upon him, and in t he Hereaft er (He will admit him) t o Paradise.

Proof of the Torment of the Grave

び͡ゆや∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ͡ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∠ベゅ∠ェ∠ヱぴ (while an evil t orment encompassed Fir` awn's people.) t his refers t o drowning in t he sea, t hen being t ransferred from t here t o Hell, for t heir souls are exposed t o t he Fire morning and evening unt il t he Hour begins. When t he Day of Resurrect ion comes, t heir souls and bodies will be reunit ed in Hell. Allah says:

ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ゆや∠グバ∠ ∇ャや (And on t he Day when t he Hour will be est ablished (it will be said t o t he angels): "Admit Fir` awn's people t o t he severest t orment !'') meaning, more int ense pain and great er agony. This Ayah cont ains one of t he maj or proofs used by t he Ahlus-Sunnah t o prove t hat t here will be t orment in t he grave during t he period of Al-Barzakh; it is t he phrase:

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ゼ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔∂ヱギ⊥ ビ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ッ∠ゲ∇バΑ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャやぴ (The Fire, t hey are exposed t o it , morning and aft ernoon). But t he quest ion arises: t his Ayah was undoubt edly revealed in Makkah, but t hey use it as evidence t o prove t hat t here will be

t orment in t he grave during t he period of Al-Barzakh. Imam Ahmad recorded from ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, t hat a Jewish woman used t o serve her, and whenever ` A'ishah did her a favor, t he Jewish woman would say, "May Allah save you from t he t orment of t he grave. '' ` A'ishah said, "Then t he Messenger of Allah came in, and I said, ` O Messenger of Allah, will t here be any t orment in t he grave before t he Day of Resurrect ion' He said,

«∨∠マャ͡ク∠ ユ∠ ハ ∠ コ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∩ゅ∠ャ» (No, who said t hat ) I said, ` This Jewish woman, whenever I do her a favor, she says: May Allah save you from t he t orment of t he grave.''' The Messenger of Allah said,

ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩⊥ゆグ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰΑ∠ ∇ろよ∠ グ∠ ミ∠ » «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヱキ⊥ (The Jews are lying, and t hey t ell more lies about Allah. There is no t orment except on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) Then as much t ime passed as Allah willed should pass, t hen one day he came out at midday, wrapped in his robe wit h his eyes reddening, calling at t he t op of his voice:

∇ヲャ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ∩͡ユヤ͡∇ヌヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャや ノ∠トボ͡ ミ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇らボ∠ ∇ャや» ∩ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡ヤホ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ムエ ͡ッ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βム∠ ら∠ ャ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ やヱ⊥グΒ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒͡バわ∠ ∇シや ∩⊥サゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ «ペ∠ェ ゲ͡ ∇らボ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩͡ゲ∇らボ∠ ∇ャや (The grave is like pat ches of dark night ! O people, if you knew what I know, you would weep much and laugh lit t le. O people, seek refuge wit h Allah from t he t orment of t he grave, for t he t orment of t he grave is real.)'' This chain of narrat ion is Sahih according t o t he condit ions of AlBukhari and Muslim, alt hough t hey did not record it . It was said, ` how can t his report be reconciled wit h t he fact t hat t he Ayah was revealed in Makkah and t he Ayah indicat es t hat t here will be t orment during t he period of Al-Barzakh' The answer is t hat t he Ayah refers t o t he souls (of Fir` awn and his people) being exposed t o t he Fire morning and evening; it does not say t hat t he pain will affect t heir bodies in t he grave. So it may be t hat t his has t o do specifically wit h t heir souls. Wit h regard t o t here being any effect on t heir bodies in AlBarzakh, and t heir feeling pain as a result , t his is indicat ed in t he Sunnah, in some Hadit hs which we will ment ion below. It was said t hat t his Ayah refers t o t he punishment of t he disbelievers in Al-Barzakh, and t hat it does not by it self imply t hat t he believer will be punished in t he grave for his sins. This is indicat ed by t he Hadit h recorded by Imam Ahmad from ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, according t o which t he Messenger of Allah ent ered upon ` A'ishah when a Jewish woman was wit h her, and she (t he Jewish woman) was saying, "I was t old t hat you will be t ried in t he grave.'' The Messenger of Allah was worried and said:

«キヲ⊥ヰΑ∠ リ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡» (Only t he Jews will be t est ed.) ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said, "Several night s passed, t hen t he Messenger of Allah said:

«ケヲ⊥らボ⊥ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レわ∠ ∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚま͡ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» (Verily you will be t est ed in t he graves.)'' ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said, "Aft er t hat , t he Messenger of Allah used t o seek refuge wit h Allah from t he t orment of t he grave.'' This was also recorded by Muslim. It could be said t hat t his Ayah indicat es t hat t he souls will be punished in Al-Barzakh, but t his does not necessarily imply t hat t he bodies in t heir graves will be affect ed by t hat . When Allah revealed somet hing about t he t orment of t he grave t o His Prophet , he sought refuge wit h Allah from t hat . And Allah knows best . The Hadit hs which speak of t he t orment of t he grave are very many. Qat adah said, concerning t he Ayah,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ ゼ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔∂ヱギ⊥ ビ ⊥ぴ (morning and aft ernoon.): "(This means) every morning and every evening, for as long as t his world remains, it will be said t o t hem by way of rebuke and humiliat ion, O people of Fir` awn, t his is your posit ion.'' Ibn Zayd said, "They are t here t oday, being exposed t o it morning and evening, unt il t he Hour begins.

ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ͡ ∇キぺ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ゆや∠グバ∠ ∇ャや (And on t he Day when t he Hour will be est ablished (it will be said t o t he angels): "Cause Fir` awn's people t o ent er t he severest t orment !'') The people of Fir` awn are like foolish camels, st umbling int o rocks and t rees wit hout t hinking.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

り͡ や∠ギピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ボョ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ チ ∠ ゲ͡ ハ ⊥ れ ∠ ゅ∠ョ や∠クま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リヨ͡ プ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラま͡ ∩あヶゼ ͡ バ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リヨ͡ プ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やマ ∠ ん∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ポ ∠ ギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ボョ∠ や∠グワ :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠

(When one of you dies, he is shown his place ぴin Paradise or Hellび morning and evening; if he is one of t he people of Paradise, t hen he is one of t he people of Paradise, and if he is one of t he people of Hell, t hen he is one of t he people of Hell. It will be said t o him, t his is your place unt il Allah resurrect s you t o go t o it on t he Day of Resurrect ion.)'' It was also report ed in t he Two Sahihs.

リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ヘバ∠ ツ ぁ ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ケ͡ ゅ⇒ｚレャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲぁィべ∠エわ∠ Α∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゅｚレ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レ∇ピョぁ ユ⊥わル∠ぺ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔バ∠らゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ⇒∇ムわ∠ ∇シや モ ｘ ミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ - キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ∠ ム∠ ェ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅｚレ∠ハ ∇ブヘあ ガ ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲハ ⊥ ∇キや ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ る͡ ル∠ ゴ∠ ガ ∠ ャ͡ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ムヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ マ ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ハキ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キゅ∠プ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ びモ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (47. And, when t hey will disput e in t he Fire, t he weak will say t o t hose who were arrogant : "Verily, we followed you, can you t hen t ake from us some port ion of t he Fire'') (48. Those who were arrogant will say: "We are all (t oget her) in t his (Fire)! Verily, Allah has j udged bet ween (His) servant s!'') (49. And t hose in t he Fire will say t o t he keepers (angels) of Hell: "Call upon your Lord t o light en for us t he t orment for a day!'') (50. They will say: "Did t here not come t o you, your Messengers wit h (clear) evidences'' They will say: "Yes.'' They will reply: "Then call (as you like)! And t he invocat ion of t he disbelievers is not hing but in vain!'')

The Dispute of the People of Hell Allah t ells us how t he people of Hell will disput e and argue wit h one anot her, and Fir` awn and his people will be among t hem. The weak, who were t he followers, will say t o t hose who were arrogant , who were t he leaders and mast ers:

びゅ⇔バら∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, we followed you,) meaning, ` we obeyed you and heeded your call t o disbelief and misguidance in t he world, '

び͡ケゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ ゅｚレ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レ∇ピョぁ ユ⊥わル∠ぺ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ (can you t hen t ake from us some port ion of t he Fire) means, ` can you carry a part of our burden for us'

びべ∠ヰΒ͡プ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (Those who were arrogant will say: "We are all (t oget her) in t his (Fire)!...'') meaning, ` we will not bear any part of your burden for you; our own punishment is enough for us t o bear.'

び͡キゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ∠ ム∠ ェ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah has j udged (His) servant s!) means, ` He has shared out t he punishment among us according t o what each of us deserves'. This is like t he Ayah:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∀ブ∇バ͡ッ ｙモム⊥ ャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He will say: "For each one t here is double (t orment ), but you know not .'') (7:38)

∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キや ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ る͡ ル∠ ゴ∠ ガ ∠ ャ͡ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び ͡ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅｚレ∠ハ ∇ブヘあ ガ ∠ Α⊥ (And t hose in t he Fire will say t o t he keepers (angels) of Hell: "Call upon your Lord t o light en for us t he t orment for a day!'') They know t hat Allah will not answer t hem and will not list en t o t heir prayer, because He said,

び͡ラヲ⊥ヨあヤム∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ゃジ ∠ ∇カやぴ (Remain you in it wit h ignominy! And speak you not t o Me!) (23:108), so t hey will ask t he keepers of Hell, who are like j ailers wat ching over t he people of Hell, t o pray t o Allah t o lessen t he Fire for t hem if only for one day. But t he keepers of Hell will refuse, saying t o t hem,

び͡ろ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ムヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ マ ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Did t here not come t o you, your Messengers wit h (clear) evidences) meaning, was not proof est ablished in t he world on t he lips of t he Messengers

び∇やヲ⊥ハ∇キゅ∠プ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ

(They will say: "Yes.'' They will reply: "Then call (as you like)!...'') means, you are on your own. We will not pray for you or list en t o you; we do not want you t o be saved and we have not hing t o do wit h you. Moreover, we t ell you t hat it is all t he same whet her you offer supplicat ion or not , because Allah will not respond and He will not light en t he t orment for you.' They will say:

び∃モ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ￢⊥ べ∠ハキ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t he invocat ion of t he disbelievers is not hing but in vain!) meaning, it will not be accept ed or responded t o.

り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠レャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ ∠リΒ͡ヨ͡ヤ⇒ｚヌャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ギ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇セΙ ｘ や ュ⊥ ヲボ⊥ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ケ͡ やｚギャや ￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ∇バヤｚ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇バョ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇をケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プ - ょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱｘΙ ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ - ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ウらあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ら͡ ル∠グャ͡ ∇ゲ⇒͡ヘ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ペ ｘェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ - ケ͡ ゅ∠ム∇よΙや∠ヱ ヴ あゼ ͡ バ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ラ͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎぺ∠ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ⇒ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇グバ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ヮ͡ Β͡ピヤ͡⇒∠らよ͡ ユ⊥ワ ゅ⇒ｚョ ∀ゲ∇ら͡ミ Ι ｚ ま͡ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダら∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや (51. Verily, We will indeed make vict orious Our Messengers and t hose who believe in t his world's life and on t he Day when t he wit nesses will st and fort h, --) (52. The Day when t heir excuses will be of no profit t o wrongdoers. Theirs will be t he curse, and t heirs will be t he evil abode.) (53. And, indeed We gave Musa t he guidance, and We caused t he Children of Israel t o inherit t he Script ure --) (54. A guide and a reminder for men of underst anding.) (55. So be pat ient . Verily, t he promise of Allah is t rue, and ask forgiveness for your fault , and glorify t he praises of your Lord in t he ` Ashi and in t he Ibkar.) (56. Verily, t hose who disput e about t he Ayat of Allah, wit hout any aut horit y having come t o t hem, t here is not hing else in t heir breast s except pride. They will never have it . So seek refuge in Allah. Verily, it is He Who is t he AllHearer, t he All-Seer.)

The Victory of the Messengers and the Believers

り͡ ヲΒ∠ エ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠レャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや (Verily, We will indeed make vict orious Our Messengers and t hose who believe in t his world's life). As-Suddi, "Allah never sends a Messenger t o a people and t hey kill him or some of t he believers who call t hem t o t he t rut h, t hen t hat generat ion passes away, but He t hen sends t hem someone who will support t heir call and will seek vengeance for t heir blood from t hose who did t hat t o t hem in t his world. So t he Prophet s and believers may be killed in t his world, but t heir call will prevail in t his world.'' Allah grant ed vict ory t o His Prophet Muhammad and his Companions over t hose who had opposed him, disbelieved in him and shown host ilit y t owards him. He caused His Word and His religion t o prevail over all ot her religions, commanded him t o emigrat e from his people t o Al-Madinah, where He gave him support ers and helpers. Then He caused him t o prevail over t he idolat ors on t he day of Badr, when He grant ed him vict ory over t hem and he humiliat ed t hem, killing t heir leaders and t aking t heir elit e prisoner, driving t hem before him in chains. Then he did t hem t he favor of accept ing ransom from t hem. Short ly aft er t hat , Allah enabled him t o conquer Makkah, and he rej oiced in his ret urn t o his homeland, t he sacred and holy land of Al-Haram. Through him, Allah saved it from it s disbelief and Shirk. Then Allah enabled him t o conquer t he Yemen, and t he ent ire Arabian Peninsula submit t ed t o him, and t he people ent ered t he religion of Allah in crowds. Then Allah t ook him (in deat h), because of his high st at us and honor, and He est ablished his Companions as his Khalifahs. They conveyed t he religion of Allah from him, called mankind t o Allah, t hey conquered many regions, count ries and cit ies, and opened people's heart s, unt il t he call of Muhammad spread t hroughout t he world, east and west . This religion will cont inue t o prevail unt il t he Hour begins. Allah says:

り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠レャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ び ギ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇セΙ ｘ や ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや (Verily, We will indeed make vict orious Our Messengers and t hose who believe in t his world's life and on t he Day when t he wit nesses will st and fort h) meaning, on t he Day of Resurrect ion t he vict ory will be great er and more complet e. Muj ahid said, "The wit nesses are t he angels.''

び∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇バョ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day when t heir excuses will be of no profit t o wrongdoers.) is referring t o t he same as;

び⊥ギ⇒∠ヰ∇セΙ ｘ や ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (...t he Day when t he wit nesses will st and fort h.) Ot hers read it wit h t hat meaning;

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇セΙ ｘ や ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he Day t he wit nesses will st and fort h, is a Day when t here will be no profit t o wrongdoers.) and t he wrongdoers are t he idolat ors.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇バョ∠ ぴ (t heir excuses) means, no excuse or ransom will be accept ed from t hem.

び⊥るレ∠ ∇バヤｚ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Theirs will be t he curse,) means, t hey will be cast out far away from t he mercy of Allah.

び͡ケやｚギャや ￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and t heirs will be t he evil abode.) means, t he Hell-fire, as As-Suddi said, a t errible abode and dwellingplace.

Indication that the Messenger and the Believers will prevail just as Musa and the Children of Israel prevailed

びン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And, indeed We gave Musa t he guidance.) means, t he guidance and light wit h which Allah sent him.

び∠ょ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇をケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and We caused t he Children of Israel t o inherit t he Script ure.) means, ` We caused t hem t o prevail in t he end and t hey inherit ed t he land and accumulat ed wealt h of Fir` awn, because of t heir pat ience in obeying Allah and following His Messenger Musa.' The Script ure which t hey inherit ed, t he Tawrah, was

びょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱｘΙ ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ぴ (A guide and a reminder for men of underst anding.) i.e. t hose of a sound and upright nat ure.

び∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プぴ (So be pat ient ) means, ` O Muhammad,'

びｘペェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he promise of Allah is t rue,) means, ` We have promised t hat your word will prevail and t hat t he ult imat e vict ory will be for you and t hose who follow you, and Allah does not break His promises. What We have t old you is t rue and t here is no doubt in it what soever.'

び∠マら͡ ル∠グャ͡ ∇ゲ⇒͡ヘ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ (and ask forgiveness for your fault ,) This encourages t he Ummah t o seek forgiveness.

びあヴゼ ͡ バ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ウらあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and glorify t he praises of your Lord in t he ` Ashi) meaning, at t he end of t he day and t he beginning of t he night ,

び͡ケゅ∠ム∇よΙや∠ヱぴ (and in t he Ibkar.) meaning, at t he beginning of t he day and t he end of t he night .

リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎぺ∠ (Verily, t hose who disput e about t he Ayat of Allah, wit hout any aut horit y having come t o t hem,) means, t hey t ry t o refut e t he t rut h wit h falsehood, and t o refut e sound evidence wit h dubious argument s, having no proof or evidence from Allah.

び͡ヮΒ͡ピヤ͡⇒∠らよ͡ ユ⊥ワ ゅ⇒ｚョ ∀ゲ∇ら͡ミ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ラ͡まぴ (t here is not hing else in t heir breast s except pride. They will never have it .) means, t hey are t oo proud t o follow t he t rut h and submit t o t he one who has brought it . But t heir at t empt s t o suppress t he t rut h and elevat e falsehood will fail; t he t rut h will prevail and t heir words and aspirat ions will be defeat ed.

び͡ヮヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇グバ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ (So seek refuge in Allah. ) means, from being like t hese people,

び⊥ゲΒ͡ダら∠ ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ

(Verily, it is He Who is t he All-Hearer, t he All-Seer.) or seek refuge wit h Him from being like t hese people who disput e about t he Ayat of Allah wit hout any aut horit y having come t o t hem.

サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ⊥ ∇ヤガ ∠ ャ∠ぴ ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ Β͡ダ∠ら∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∇ハΙ ｘや ラ ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ ⇒Β͡ヤホ∠ ￢⊥ ヴ͡ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ｚ ∀る⇒∠Βゎ͡ Ι ∂ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ (57. The creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h is indeed great er t han t he creat ion of mankind; yet , most of t he people do not know.) (58. And not equal are t he blind and t hose who see; nor t hose who believe, and do right eous good deeds, and t hose who do evil. Lit t le do you remember!) (59. Verily, t he Hour is surely coming, t here is no doubt about it , yet most men believe not .)

Life after Death Allah t ells us t hat He will bring back His creat ion on t he Day of Resurrect ion. That is very easy for Him, because He creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, and creat ing t hem is great er t han creat ing mankind, t he first t ime and when He creat es t hem again. The One Who is able t o do t hat is able t o do anyt hing t hat is less t han t hat . As Allah says:

れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ∃ キ͡ ゅ∠ボよ͡ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ボ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ よ͡ ヴ ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや (Do t hey not see t hat Allah, Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, and was not wearied by t heir creat ion, is able t o give life t o t he dead Yes, He surely is able t o do all t hings.) (46:33) And Allah says here:

サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ⊥ ∇ヤガ ∠ ャ∠ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ (The creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h is indeed great er t han t he creat ion of mankind; yet , most of mankind know not .) hence t hey do not t hink about or ponder t his proof. Similarly, many of t he Arabs recognized t hat Allah had creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, but t hey denied and rej ect ed t he idea of t he resurrect ion; t hey acknowledged somet hing which was great er t han t hat which t hey denied. Then Allah says:

∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ Β͡ダ∠ら∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∇ハΙ ｘ や ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ ⇒Β͡ヤホ∠ ￢⊥ ヴ͡ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ (And not equal are t he blind and t hose who see; nor are t hose who believe, and do right eous good deeds, and t hose who do evil. Lit t le do you remember!) The blind man who cannot see anyt hing is not t he same as t he sight ed man who can see everyt hing as far as his eyesight reaches -- t here is a huge difference bet ween t hem. By t he same t oken, t he right eous believers and t he immoral disbelievers are not equal.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ ⇒Β͡ヤホ∠ ぴ (Lit t le do you remember!) means, most of t he people remember lit t le.

び∀るΒ∠ ゎ͡ Γ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (Verily, t he Hour (Day of Judgement ) is surely coming,) means, it will indeed come t o pass.

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ｚぴ (t here is no doubt about it , yet most men believe not .) means, t hey do not believe in it , and in fact t hey doubt it s exist ence alt oget her.

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ょイ ͡ わ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ハ∇キや ∇ユ⇒⊥ムよぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡ キ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ シ ∠ ヴ͡ゎキ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ び

(60. And your Lord said: "Call upon Me, I will answer you. Verily, t hose who scorn My worship t hey will surely ent er Hell in humiliat ion!'')

The Command to call upon Allah By His grace and kindness, Allah encourages His servant s t o call upon Him, and He guarant ees t o respond. Sufyan At hThawri used t o say: "O You Who love most t hose who ask of You, and O You Who hat e most t hose who do not ask of You, and t here is no one like t hat apart from You, O Lord.'' This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hat im. Similarly; t he poet said: "Allah hat es not t o be asked, and t he son of Adam hat es t o be asked.'' Qat adah said t hat Ka` b Al-Ahbar said, "This Ummah has been given t hree t hings which were not given t o any nat ion before, only t o Prophet s. When Allah sent a Prophet , He said t o him, ` You are a wit ness over your nat ion.' But you have been made wit nesses over mankind; it was said t o t he Prophet s individually, ` Allah has not laid upon you any hardship in religion,' but He said t o t his ent ire Ummah:

び∃ァゲ∠ ェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and ぴAllahび has not laid upon you in religion any hardship) (22:78) and it was said t o t he Prophet s individually; ` Call upon Me, I will answer you,' but it was said t o t his Ummah,

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ょイ ͡ わ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ハ∇キやぴ (Call upon Me, I will answer you).'' This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hat im. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Al-Nu` man bin Bashir, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

«り∠キゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠ハギぁ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» l(Indeed t he supplicat ion is t he worship. )'' Then he recit ed,

∇リハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ょイ ͡ わ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ハ∇キやぴ び∠リΑ͡ゲカ ͡ キ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ シ ∠ ヴ͡ゎキ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ (And your Lord said: "Call upon Me, I will answer you. Verily, t hose who scorn My worship t hey will surely ent er Hell in humiliat ion!''). This was also recorded by t he Sunan compilers; At Tirmdhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Maj ah, and Ibn Abi Hat im and Ibn Jarir. At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.'' It was also recorded by Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, and Ibn Jarir wit h a different chain of narrat ion. Allah's saying:

びヴ͡ゎキ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who scorn My worship) means, ` t hose who are t oo proud t o call on Me and single Me out ,'

び∠リΑ͡ゲカ ͡ キ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ シ ∠ぴ (t hey will surely ent er Hell in humiliat ion!) means, in disgrace and insignificance. Imam Ahmad recorded from ` Amr bin Shu` ayb from his fat her, from his grandfat her t hat t he Prophet said:

ヶ͡プ ケあ グｚ ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ん∇ョぺ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲらあ ム∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ゼ ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ » ∩͡ケゅ∠ピダ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤ∇バΑ∠ ∩͡サゅｚレャや ケ͡ ヲ∠ タ ⊥ ∩⊥ザャ∠ヲ⊥よ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ⇔レ∇イ͡シ やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∩͡メゅ∠らガ ∠ ∇ャや る͡ レ∠ Β͡デ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ∩͡ケゅ∠Β∇ルほ∇ャや ケ⊥ ゅ∠ル ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤ∇バゎ∠ «ケゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ り͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠ダハ ⊥ (The proud will be gat hered on t he Day of Resurrect ion like ant s in t he image of people, and everyt hing will be st epping on t hem, humiliat ing t hem, unt il t hey ent er a prison in Hell called Bulas. They will be fed flames of fire, and given for drink a past e of insanit y dripping from t he people t he Fire.)''

ケ∠ ゅ⇒∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲレ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ジわ∠ ャ͡ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ⊥グャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ や⇔ゲ⇒͡ダ∇らョ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ぁよケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ⇒⊥ムャ͡ク∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムプ∠ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヴｚルほ∠プ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ｚ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ モ あ ⇒⊥ミ ペ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠カ - ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∠エ∇イ∠Α ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ⊥ プ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ や⇔ケや∠ゲ⇒∠ホ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ⇒⊥ムャ∠ モ ∠ ⇒∠バィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユ⇒⊥ムホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユ⇒⊥ミケ∠ ヲ∠ タ ⊥ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ ∇ユ⇒⊥ミケ∠ ヲｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⇔ べ⇒∠レよ͡ ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ら⇒∠わプ∠ ∇ユ⇒⊥ムよぁ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや

ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇キゅ⇒∠プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ヴ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨ⇒∠エ∇ャや リ ∠ Αあギャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ダヤ͡∇ガョ⊥ (61. Allah, it is He Who has made t he night for you t hat you may rest t herein and t he day for you t o see. Truly, Allah is full of bount y t o mankind; yet , most of mankind give no t hanks.) (62. That is Allah, your Lord, t he Creat or of all t hings, La ilaha ila Huwa. How t hen are you t urning away) (63. Thus were t urned away t hose who used t o deny t he Ayat of Allah.) (64. Allah, it is He Who has made for you t he eart h as a dwelling place and t he sky as a canopy, and has given you shape and made your shapes good and pure (looking) and has provided you wit h good t hings. That is Allah, your Lord, so Blessed be Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s.) (65. He is t he Ever Living, La ilaha illa Huwa; so invoke Him making t he religion for Him Alone. All t he praises and t hanks be t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exit s.)

Signs of the Power and Oneness of Allah Allah reminds us of His grace t owards His creat ion in t hat He has given t hem t he night in which t hey rest and relax from t heir act ivit ies so t hat t hey can go back t o t hem for t heir livelihood during t he day. He has given t hem t he day wit h it s light , so t hat t hey can undert ake t heir j ourneys and engage in t heir business.

ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ⊥グ∠ャ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや (Truly, Allah is full of bount y t o mankind; yet , most of mankind give no t hanks.) means, t hey do not express grat it ude for t he favors which Allah best ows upon t hem. Then Allah says:

び∠ヲワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι ｚ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ モ あ ⇒⊥ミ ペ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠カ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ぁよケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ⇒⊥ムャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That is Allah, your Lord, t he Creat or of all t hings, La ilaha illa Huwa.) means, t he One Who does all of t hese t hings is Allah, t he One, t he Unique, t he Creat or of all t hings, besides Whom t here is no ot her god or lord.

び∠ラヲ⊥ムプ∠ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヴｚルほ∠プ∠ ぴ (How t hen are you t urning away) means, ` how can you worship idols which cannot creat e anyt hing but are t hemselves hand-made and carved'

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギエ ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ⊥ プ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Thus were t urned away t hose who used t o deny t he Ayat of Allah) means, j ust as t hese people ぴQurayshび were led ast ray by t heir worship of gods ot her t han Allah, t hose who came before

t hem also disbelieved and worshipped ot hers, wit h no proof or evidence, but on t he basis of ignorance and desires. They denied t he signs and proof of Allah.

び⇔やケや∠ゲ⇒∠ホ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ⇒⊥ムャ∠ モ ∠ ⇒∠バィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (Allah, it is He Who has made for you t he eart h as a dwelling place) means, ` He made it st able and spread it out for you, so t hat you might live on it and t ravel about in it ; He st rengt hened it wit h t he mount ains so t hat it does not shake wit h you.'

び⇔￢べ∠レよ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (and t he sky as a canopy,) means, ` a roof covering and prot ect ing t he world.'

び∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ∠ タ ⊥ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ ヲｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and has given you shape and made your shapes good) means, ` He creat ed you in t he best and most perfect form.'

び͡れゅ∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and has provided you wit h good and pure t hings.) means, of food and drink in t his world. Allah st at es t hat t hat He is t he Creat or of t he dwelling place and of t he inhabit ant s and of t he provision; He is t he Creat or and Provider, as He says in Surat Al-Baqarah:

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ング͡ ャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚよケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠レよ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゅ⇔セや∠ゲプ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ んｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カほ∠プ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ や⇔キや∠ギル∠ぺ (O mankind! Worship your Lord (Allah), Who creat ed you and t hose who were before you so t hat you may have Taqwa. Who has made t he eart h a rest ing place for you, and t he sky as a canopy, and sent down wat er (rain) from t he sky and brought fort h t herewit h fruit s as a provision for you. Then do not set up rivals unt o Allah while you know.) (2:21-22) And here Allah says, aft er ment ioning t he creat ion of all t hese t hings:

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ら⇒∠わプ∠ ∇ユ⇒⊥ムよぁ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ

(That is Allah, your Lord, so Blessed be Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s.) meaning, exalt ed and sanct ified and glorified be Allah, t he Lord of all t he worlds. Then He says:

び∠ヲワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ヴ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He is t he Ever Living, La ilaha illa Huwa;) means, He is t he Ever Living, from et ernit y t o et ernit y, Who was, is and shall be, t he First and t he Last , t he Manifest , t he Hidden.

び∠ヲワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ぴ (La ilaha illa Huwa) means, t here is none comparable or equal t o Him.

び∠リΑあギャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ダヤ͡∇ガョ⊥ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇キゅ⇒∠プぴ (so invoke Him making t he religion for Him Alone.) means, affirm His Oneness by t est ifying t hat t here is no God but He. Praise be t o Allah, t he Lord of t he worlds. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat aft er ending every prayer, ` Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr used t o say:

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠∩⊥ヮャ∠ マ ∠ Α͡ゲセ ∠ ゅ∠ャ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ャ» ゅ∠ャヱ∠ メ ∠ ∇ヲェ ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩∀ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ギ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∩⊥ロゅｚΑ͡ま ゅｚャま͡ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ぶや ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ャ ∩͡ぶゅ͡よ ゅｚャま͡ り∠ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ャ ∩⊥リジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや ￢⊥ ゅ∠レんｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バあレャや «ラヱ⊥ゲプ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや ロ∠ ゲ͡ ミ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ Αあギャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ダヤ͡∇ガョ⊥ ぶ ⊥ や (There is no (t rue) God except Allah Alone wit h no part ner or associat e, t o Him belongs t he dominion and praise, for He is able t o do all t hings; t here is no st rengt h and no power except wit h Allah; t here is no (t rue) God except Allah and we worship none but Him; t o Him belong blessings and virt ue and goodly praise; t here is no (t rue) God except Allah, we worship Him in all sincerit y even t hough t he disbelievers may hat e t hat .) He said, "The Messenger of Allah used t o say t he Tahlil in t his fashion aft er every prayer.'' Similar was also recorded by Muslim, Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i.

ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ヰル⊥ ヴあルま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ユ∠ ヤ͡∇シぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヴあよケｚ リ͡ョ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡ル￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨ∠ャ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ｚユを⊥ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲゎ⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ ャ͡

ｚユを⊥ Κ ⇔ ∇ヘデ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ る∃ ボ∠ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ｚユを⊥ る∃ ヘ∠ ∇トルぁ リ͡ョ リｚョ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔カヲ⊥Βセ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⇒⊥ムわ∠ ャ͡ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユ⇒⊥ミギｚ セ ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ピヤ⊥∇ら⇒∠わャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚヤバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ Κ ⇔ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ピヤ⊥∇らわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヴｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α⊥ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ びラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ リ⊥ミ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ (66. Say: "I have been forbidden t o worship t hose whom you worship besides Allah, since t here have come t o me evidences from my Lord; and I am commanded t o submit t o t he Lord of all t hat exist s.) (67. It is He, Who has creat ed you from dust , t hen from a Nut fah t hen from a clot (a piece of coagulat ed blood), t hen brings you fort h as an infant , t hen (makes you grow) t o reach t he age of full st rengt h, and aft erwards t o be old -- t hough some among you die before -and t hat you reach an appoint ed t erm in order t hat you may underst and.) (68. It is He Who gives life and causes deat h. And when He decides upon a t hing He says t o it only: "Be!'' - and it is.)

The Prohibition of Shirk, the Order for Tawhid, and the Evidence Allah says, ` say, O Muhammad, t o t hese idolat ors, t hat Allah forbids t hem t o worship anyone, such as t hese idols and false gods, except Him.' Allah explains t hat no one apart from Him is deserving of worship, as He says:

∇リョ͡ ｚユを⊥ る∃ ヘ∠ ∇トルぁ リ͡ョ ｚユを⊥ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲゎ⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユ⇒⊥ミギｚ セ ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ピヤ⊥∇ら⇒∠わャ͡ ｚユを⊥ Κ ⇔ ∇ヘデ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ る∃ ボ∠ ヤ∠ハ ∠ び⇔ゅカヲ⊥Βセ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⇒⊥ムわ∠ ャ͡ (It is He, Who has creat ed you from dust , t hen from a Nut fah t hen from a clot (a piece of coagulat ed blood), t hen brings you fort h as an infant , t hen (makes you grow) t o reach t he age of full st rengt h, and aft erwards t o be old.) meaning, He is t he One Who Alone, wit h no part ner or associat e, causes you t o pass t hrough t hese different st ages, and t his happens in accordance wit h His command, will and decree.

び⊥モ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヴｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α⊥ リｚョ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (t hough some among you die before) means, before being fully formed and emerging t o t his world; so his mot her miscarries him. And t here are some who die in infancy or in t heir yout h, or when t hey are adult s but before t hey reach old age, as Allah says:

モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ゅ∠ョ ュ͡ ゅ∠ェ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゲぁ ボ͡ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βあ ら∠ レ⊥ ャあぴ びヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ (t hat We may make (it ) clear t o you. And We cause whom We will t o remain in t he wombs for an appoint ed t erm) (22:5).

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚヤバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ Κ ⇔ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ピヤ⊥∇ら∠わ͡ャ∠ヱぴ (and t hat you reach an appoint ed t erm in order t hat you may underst and. ) Ibn Jurayj said, "In order t hat you may remember t he Resurrect ion.'' Then Allah says:

び⊥ろΒ͡ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (It is He Who gives life and causes deat h.) meaning, He is t he Only One Who does t hat , and none is able t o do t hat except He.

び⊥ラヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ リ⊥ミ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (And when He decides upon a t hing He says t o it only: "Be!'' -- and it is.) means, He cannot be opposed or resist ed. What ever He wills definit ely comes t o pass.

ヴｚルぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わ⇒͡ム∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲ∠ ∇ダΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ボ͡ ⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ∇ビｘΙや ク͡ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ｚユを⊥ ユ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らエ ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ モ ⊥ジ ͡ ⇒∠ヤジ ｚ ャやヱ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ ｚユを⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲイ ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギルｚ ∇リム⊥ ル∠ ∇ユャｚ モ∠よ ゅｚレ∠ハ ∇やヲぁヤ⇒∠ッ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ⇒∠ホ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ぁモツ ͡ Α⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡

ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲらあ ム∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ヲ∇んョ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ プ∠ (69. See you not t hose who disput e about t he Ayat of Allah How are t hey t urning away) (70. Those who deny t he Book, and t hat wit h which We sent Our Messengers t hey will come t o know.) (71. When iron collars will be rounded over t heir necks, and t he chains, t hey shall be dragged along,) (72. In t he boiling wat er, t hen t hey will be burned in t he Fire.) (73. Then it will be said t o t hem: "Where are (all) t hose whom you used t o consider part ners'') (74. ''Besides Allah'' They will say: "They have vanished from us. Nay, we did not call upon anyt hing before.'' Thus Allah leads ast ray t he disbelievers.) (75. That was because you had been exult ing in t he eart h wit hout any right , and t hat you used t o rej oice ext remely.) (76. Ent er t he gat es of Hell t o abide t herein, and (indeed) what an evil abode of t he arrogant !)

The End of Those Who dispute and deny the Signs of Allah Allah says, ` do you not wonder, O Muhammad, at t hose who deny t he signs of Allah and disput e t he t rut h by means of falsehood, how t heir minds are divert ed from t he t rut h and are misguided'

びゅ∠レヤ∠シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わ⇒͡ム∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who deny t he Book, and t hat wit h which We sent Our Messengers) means, guidance and clear proof.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t hey will come t o know.) This is a st ern warning and clear t hreat from t he Lord t o t hese people. This is like t he Ayah:

びリ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱぴ (Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers!) (77:15)

び⊥モジ ͡ ⇒∠ヤジ ｚ ャやヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ボ͡ ⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ∇ビｘΙや ク͡ ま͡ぴ (When iron collars will be rounded over t heir necks, and t he chains.) means, t he chains will be at t ached t o t he iron collars, and t he keepers of Hell will drag t hem along on t heir faces, somet imes t o t he boiling wat er, and somet imes t o t he Fire. Allah says:

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲイ ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ｚユを⊥ ユ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやヴ͡プ ∠ラヲ⊥ら∠エ∇ジΑ⊥ ぴ

(t hey shall be dragged along, in t he boiling wat er, t hen t hey will be burned in t he Fire. ) This is like t he Ayat :

- ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゆ ⊥ あグム∠ Α⊥ ヴ͡わャｚや ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワぴ びラ ∃ や∠￢ ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プヲ⊥トΑ∠ (This is t he Hell which t he criminals denied. They will go bet ween it and t he fierce boiling wat er!) (55:43-44). Aft er describing how t hey will eat Zaqqum (a bit t er t ree of Hell) and drink Hamim (boiling wat er), Allah says:

び ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャΗ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then t hereaft er, verily, t heir ret urn is t o t he flaming fire of Hell.) (37:68), And Allah says:

ヴ͡プ - メ ͡ ゅ∠ヨゼ あ ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ べ∠ョ メ ͡ ゅ∠ヨゼ あ ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ キ∃ ケ͡ ゅ∠よ Ι ｚ - ュ∃ ヲ⊥ヨ∇エΑ∠ リあョ モ ｙニ ͡ ヱ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∃ ヲ⊥ヨシ ∠ び ユ∃ Α͡ゲミ∠ h(And t hose on t he Left Hand -- how (unfort unat e) will be t hose on t he Left Hand In fierce hot wind and boiling wat er, and shadow of black smoke, (t hat shadow) neit her cool nor (even) pleasant .) unt il

リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ͡ Ι ∂ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲぁャべｚツャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥トら⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥⇒ャ͡ゅ∠ヨプ∠ - ュ∃ ヲぁホコ∠ リあョ ゲ∃ イ ∠セ ∠ ゆ ∠ ∇ゲセ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ⇒∠ゼプ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ⇒∠ゼプ∠ びリ ͡ Αあギャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ゴ⊥ ル⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ - ユ͡ Β͡ヰ∇ャや (Then moreover, verily, -- you t he erring-ones, t he deniers (of Resurrect ion)! You verily, will eat of t he t rees of Zaqqum. Then you will fill your bellies t herewit h, and drink boiling wat er on t op of it . And you will drink (t hat ) like t hirst y camels! That will be t heir ent ert ainment on t he Day of Recompense!) (56: 41-44, 51-56),

ヴ͡ヤ∇ピ∠Α モ ͡ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ - ユ͡ Β͡をΙ ｘ や ュ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ - ュ͡ ヲぁホゴｚ ャや り∠ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ∇ハゅ∠プ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ - ユ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇ヤピ∠ ミ∠ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥トら⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ シ ͡ ∇ぺケ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ∇やヲぁらタ ⊥ ｚユを⊥ - ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ￢͡ へ∠ヲシ ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ユ⊥ Α͡ゲム∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ベク⊥ - ユ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ (Verily, t he t ree of Zaqqum will be t he food of t he sinners. Like boiling oil, it will boil in t he bellies, like t he boiling of scalding wat er. (It will be said:) ''Seize him and drag him int o t he midst of blazing Fire, t hen pour over his head t he t orment of boiling wat er. Tast e you (t his)! Verily, you were (pret ending t o be) t he might y, t he generous! Verily, t his is t hat whereof you used t o doubt !'') (44:43-50) i.e., t his will be said t o t hem t o rebuke and ridicule t hem.

び͡ヮヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then it will be said t o t hem: "Where are (all) t hose whom you considered part ners -- besides Allah'') means, it will be said t o t hem, ` where are t he idols whom you used t o worship inst ead of Allah Can t hey help you t oday'

びゅｚレハ ∠ ∇やヲぁヤ⇒∠ッ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ⇒∠ホぴ (They will say: "They have vanished from us...'') mean, t hey have gone away and t hey cannot do anyt hing for us.'

び⇔ゅゃ∇Βセ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギルｚ ∇リム⊥ ル∠ ∇ユャｚ モ∠よぴ (Nay, we did not invoke (worship) anyt hing before. ) means, t hey will deny t hat t hey worshipped t hem. This is like t he Ayah:

ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ (There will t hen be (left ) no Fit nah (excuse) for t hem but t o say: "By Allah, our Lord, we were not t hose who j oined ot hers in worship wit h Allah.'') (6:23) Allah says:

び∠リΑ͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ぁモツ ͡ Α⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ

(Thus Allah leads ast ray t he disbelievers).

ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヱ∠ (That was because you had been exult ing in t he eart h wit hout any right , and t hat you used t o rej oice ext remely.) means, t he angels will say t o t hem, ` what you are suffering now is your recompense for your exult ing in t he eart h wit hout any right , and for your ext ravagance.'

ン∠ヲ∇んョ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キやぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲらあ ム∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Ent er t he gat es of Hell t o abide t herein, and (indeed) what an evil abode of t he arrogant !) means, what a t errible abode and final dest inat ion, filled wit h humiliat ion and severe punishment for t hose who arrogant ly ignored t he signs of Allah and refused t o accept His proof and evidence. And Allah knows best .

ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ マ ∠ レｚ Α∠ ゲ͡ ル⊥ ゅｚョみ͡⇒∠プ ペ ｘェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プぴ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠み͡プ∠ マ ∠ レｚ Β∠ プｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ ル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ ル∠ ン͡グャｚや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ダダ ∠ ホ∠ リｚョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ Κ ⇔ シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ラ∠ぺ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シゲ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ゾダ ⊥ ∇ボル∠ ∇ユャｚ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ￢∠ べ⇒∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ Α∠ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤト ͡ ∇らヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ ゲ∠ ジ ͡カ ∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (77. So be pat ient , verily, t he promise of Allah is t rue and whet her We show you some part of what We have promised t hem, or We cause you t o die, t hen st ill it is t o Us t hey all shall be ret urned.) (78. And, indeed We have sent Messengers before you, of some of t hem We have relat ed t o you t heir st ory. And of some We have not relat ed t o you t heir st ory, and it was not given t o any Messenger t hat he should bring a sign except by t he leave of Allah. But , when comes t he commandment of Allah, t he mat t er will be decided wit h t rut h, and t he followers of falsehood will t hen be lost .)

The Command to be Patient and Good News of Victory

Here Allah commands His Messenger t o pat ient ly bear t he rej ect ion of t hose who rej ect ed him: ` Allah will fulfill His promise t o you t hat you will be vict orious and will prevail over your people, and you and t hose who follow you, will be t he successful ones in t his world and t he Hereaft er.'

び∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ ル∠ ン͡グャｚや ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ マ ∠ レｚ Α∠ ゲ͡ ル⊥ ゅｚョみ͡⇒∠プぴ (and whet her We show you some part of what We have promised t hem,) means, in t his world, and t his is what happened, for Allah gave t hem t he j oy of humiliat ing t he leaders and nobles (of t he Quraysh), who were killed on t he day of Badr, t hen Allah grant ed t hem vict ory over Makkah and t he ent ire Arabian Peninsula during t he lifet ime of t he Prophet .

び∠ラヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠み͡プ∠ マ ∠ レｚ Β∠ プｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ ル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or We cause you t o die, t hen st ill it is t o Us t hey all shall be ret urned.) means, ` and We shall inflict a severe punishment upon t hem in t he Hereaft er.' Then Allah says, consoling ぴHis Prophet び:

ゅ∠レ∇ダダ ∠ ホ∠ リｚョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ Κ ⇔ シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∠マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (And, indeed We have sent Messengers before you, of some of t hem We have relat ed t o you t heir st ory.) as Allah also says in Surat An-Nisa', meaning, ` We have revealed t he st ories of some of t hem and how t heir people disbelieved in t hem, but t he Messengers ult imat ely prevailed.'

び∠マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ゾダ ⊥ ∇ボル∠ ∇ユャｚ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And of some We have not relat ed t o you t heir st ory, ) and t hey are many, many more t han t hose whose st ories have been t old, as has been st at ed in Surat An-Nisa'. Praise and blessings be t o Allah.

び͡ヮヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ Α∠ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シゲ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and it was not given t o any Messenger t hat he should bring a sign except by t he leave of Allah.) means, none of t he Prophet s was able t o bring miracles t o his people except when Allah grant ed him permission t o do t hat as a sign of t he t rut h of t he message he brought t o t hem.

び͡ヮヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ￢∠ べ⇒∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (But , when comes t he commandment of Allah,) means, His punishment and vengeance which will encompass t he disbelievers,

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ (t he mat t er will be decided wit h t rut h,) so t he believers will be saved and t he disbelievers will be dest royed. Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤト ͡ ∇らヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ ゲ∠ ジ ͡カ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t he followers of falsehood will t hen be lost .)

ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ら⇒∠ミ∇ゲわ∠ ャ͡ ユ∠ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ る⇔ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ェ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ピヤ⊥∇ら⇒∠わャ͡ヱ∠ ノ⊥ ヘ͡ ⇒∠レョ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム͡ レ⊥ゎ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ン ｚ ほ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ (79. Allah, it is He Who has made cat t le for you, t hat you may ride on some of t hem, and of some you eat .) (80. And you have (many ot her) benefit s from t hem, and t hat you may reach by t heir means a desire t hat is in your breast s, and on t hem and on ships you are carried.) (81. And He shows you His Ayat . Which, t hen of t he Ayat of Allah do you deny)

The Cattle are also a Blessing from Allah and a Sign from Him Allah reminds His servant s of His blessing in t hat He creat ed t he cat t le ぴAl-An` amび for t hem, which refers t o camels, cows and sheep; some of t hem t hey ride and some of t hem t hey eat . Camels may be ridden or eat en; t heir milk is drunk and t hey are used for carrying heavy burdens on j ourneys t o dist ant lands. Cat t le are eat en and t heir milk is drunk; t hey are also used for plowing t he eart h. Sheep are eat en and t heir milk is also drunk. The hair and wool of all of t hese animals is used t o make t ent s, clot hing and furnishings, as we have already discussed in Surat Al-An` am and Surat An-Nahl, et c. Allah says here:

ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ら⇒∠ミ∇ゲわ∠ ャ͡ ユ∠ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ る⇔ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ェ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ピヤ⊥∇ら⇒∠わャ͡ヱ∠ ノ⊥ ヘ͡ ⇒∠レョ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ (Allah, it is He Who has made cat t le for you, t hat you may ride on some of t hem, and of some you eat . And you have (many ot her) benefit s from t hem, and t hat you may reach by t heir means a desire t hat is in your breast s, and on t hem and on ships you are carried.)

び͡ヮわ͡ ⇒∠Αへ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ∠ヱぴ (And He shows you His Ayat .) means, ` His proof and evidence, on t he horizons and in yourselves.'

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲム͡ レ⊥ゎ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ン ｚ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (Which, t hen of t he Ayat of Allah do you deny) means, you cannot deny any of His signs and proofs, unless you are st ubborn and arrogant .

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Βプ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ん∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レハ ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ べ∠ヨプ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ や⇔ケゅ∠をや∠￢ヱ∠ り⇔ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ベ ∠ ゅ∠ェヱ∠ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ェゲ͡ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠レシ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲヘ∠ ⇒∠ミヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ レｚ シ ⊥ ゅ∠レシ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α マ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ ゲ∠ ジ ͡カ ∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ヴ͡プ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや び (82. Have t hey not t raveled t hrough t he eart h and seen what was t he end of t hose before t hem They were more in number t han t hem and might ier in st rengt h, and in t he t races in t he land; yet all t hat t hey used t o earn availed t hem not .) (83. Then when t heir Messengers came t o t hem wit h clear proofs, t hey were glad (and proud) wit h t hat which t hey had of t he knowledge (of worldly t hings). And t hat at which t hey used t o mock, surrounded t hem.) (84. So when t hey saw Our punishment , t hey said: "We believe in Allah Alone and rej ect (all) t hat we used t o associat e wit h Him as (His) part ners.'') (85. Then t heir Fait h could not avail t hem when t hey saw Our punishment . (Like) t his has been t he way of Allah in dealing wit h His servant s. And t here t he disbelievers lost ut t erly.)

The Lesson to be learned from what happened to Those Who Came before Allah t ells us about t he nat ions who rej ect ed t heir Messengers in ancient t imes. He ment ioned t he severe punishment t hey suffered despit e t heir great st rengt h, He ment ioned t he t races which t hey left behind in t he eart h and t he great wealt h t hey amassed. None of t hat availed t hem anyt hing and could not prevent t he punishment of Allah at all. That is because when t he Messengers came t o t hem wit h clear signs and decisive evidence, t hey did not pay any at t ent ion t o t hem. Inst ead, t hey were cont ent wit h t he knowledge wit h t hem, or so t hey claimed, and t hey said t hat t hey did not need what t he Messengers brought t hem. Muj ahid said, "They said, we know bet t er t han t hem, we will not be resurrect ed and we will not be punished.'' As-Suddi said, "In t heir ignorance, t hey rej oiced in what t hey had of (worldly) knowledge. So Allah sent upon t hem a punishment which t hey could not escape or resist .''

びユ͡ヰよ͡ ∠ベゅ∠ェ∠ヱぴ (and surrounded t hem.) means, encompassed t hem.

び∠ラヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ (t hat at which t hey used t o mock,) means, t hat which t hey used t o disbelieve in and said would never happen,

びゅ∠レシ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (So when t hey saw Our punishment ,) means, when t hey saw wit h t heir own eyes t he punishment which came upon t hem, t hey said,

ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲヘ∠ ⇒∠ミヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ び∠リΒ͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ (We believe in Allah Alone and rej ect (all) t hat we used t o associat e wit h Him as (His) part ners. ) means, t hey affirmed t hat Allah is One and denied t he false gods, but t his was at t he t ime when excuses were t o no avail. This is like what Fir` awn said as he was drowning:

∇やヲレ∠よ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ろレ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ン͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ヮ⇒͡ャ͡ま Ι ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ろ ⊥ レ∠ョや∠￢ぴ び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ (I believe t hat none has t he right t o be worshipped but He in Whom t he Children of Israel believe, and I am one of t he Muslims.) (10:90) But Allah said:

びリ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βダ ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ャ∠や∠￢ぴ (Now (you believe) while you refused t o believe before and you were one of t he t he corrupt ers.) (10:91) meaning, Allah did not accept t his from him, because He had answered t he prayer of His Prophet Musa, when he said,

∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇キギ⊥ ∇セや∠ヱぴ び∠ユΒ͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや (And harden t heir heart s, so t hat t hey will not believe unt il t hey see t he painful t orment ) (10:88). Allah says here:

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ レｚ シ ⊥ ゅ∠レシ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α マ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぴ び͡ロキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ヴ͡プ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや (Then t heir Fait h could not avail t hem when t hey saw Our punishment . (Like) t his has been t he way of Allah in dealing wit h His servant s.) means, t his is t he ruling of Allah concerning all t hose who repent only when t hey act ually see t he punishment : He does not accept t hat from t hem. It says in t he Hadit h:

«ゲ͡ビ∇ゲピ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや る∠ よ∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ モ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» (Allah will accept t he repent ance of His servant so long as t he deat h rat t le is not sounding in his t hroat .) Once t he deat h rat t le is sounding and t he soul has reached t he t hroat , and t he dying person act ually sees t he angel (of deat h), t hen he can no longer repent . Allah says:

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ ゲ∠ ジ ͡カ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t here t he disbelievers lost ut t erly.) This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surah Ghafir. Praise and t hanks be t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surah Fussilat (Chapter - 41) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

- ユ͡ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ Α͡ゴレ∠ゎ - ユ⇒ェぴ ン͡ク ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ͡ Α͡ギセ ∠ ゆ ͡ ∇ヲわｚ ャや モ ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ょ ͡ ルｚグャや ゲ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠ビ メ ⊥ ギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ - ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲト ｚ ャや ポ ∠ ∇ケゲ⊥ ∇ピΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ∇ろよ∠ グｚ ⇒∠ミ - キ͡ Κ ∠ ら͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ ぁヤボ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シゲ∠ よ͡ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ モ ぁ ⇒⊥ミ ∇ろヨｚ ワ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゆ ⊥ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ツェ ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ ャ͡ モ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ やヲ⊥ャギ∠ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ͡ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボハ ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ (1. Ha Mim.) (2. A revelat ion from t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.) (3. A Book whereof t he Ayat are explained in det ail -- a Qur'an in Arabic for people who know.) (4. Giving glad t idings and warning, but most of t hem t urn away, so t hey hear not .) (5. And t hey say: "Our heart s are under coverings from t hat t o which you invit e us; and in our ears is deafness, and bet ween us and you is a screen, so work you (on your way); verily, we are working (on our way).'')

Description of the Qur'an, and what Those Who turn away from it say.

び ユ͡ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ Α͡ゴレ∠ゎ - ユ⇒ェぴ (Ha Mim. A revelat ion from t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.) means, t he Qur'an is revealed from t he Most Gracious, Most Merciful. This is like t he Ayat :

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ サ ͡ ギ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ャや ゥ ⊥ ヱ⊥ケ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゴｚ ル∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say Ruh Al-Qudus (Jibril) has brought it down from your Lord wit h t rut h) (16:102).

ゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや ヮ͡ よ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ モ ⊥ Α͡ゴレ∠わャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ケグ͡ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ -リ ⊥ Β͡ョΙ ｘや

(And t ruly, t his is a revelat ion from t he Lord of all t hat exist s, Which t he t rust wort hy Ruh (Jibril) has brought down upon your heart t hat you may be (one) of t he warners.) (26:192-194).

び⊥ヮわ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ろヤ∠ダ あ プ⊥ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミぴ (A Book whereof t he Ayat are explained in det ail) means, it s meanings are clear and it s rulings are sound and wise.

び⇔ゅΒ∂ よ͡ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ゅ⇔ルや∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ぴ (a Qur'an in Arabic) means, because it is a clear Arabic Qur'an, it s meanings are precise and det ailed and it s words are clear and not confusing. This is like t he Ayah:

ユ∃ Β͡ムェ ∠ ∇ラギ⊥ ャｚ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠ダ あ プ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠Αや￢ ∇ろヨ∠ ム͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ ∀ゆゅ∠わ͡ミぴ び∃ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ((This is) a Book, t he Ayat whereof are complet ed, and t hen explained in det ail from One (Allah), Who is All-Wise Well-Acquaint ed) (11:1). meaning, it is miraculous in it s wording and in it s meanings.

ヮ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ⊥ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ｚぴ び ギ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ユ∃ Β͡ムェ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀モΑ͡ゴレ∠ゎ (Falsehood cannot come t o it from before it or behind it , (it is) sent down by t he All-Wise, Wort hy of all praise.) (41:42).

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ぴ (for people who know.) means, t his clear st yle will be readily underst ood by scholars who are t horoughly versed in knowledge.

び⇔やゲΑ͡グル∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡ゼよ∠ ぴ (Giving glad t idings and warning,) means, somet imes it brings glad t idings t o t he believers, and somet imes it brings a warning t o t he disbelievers.

び∠ラヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ チ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ ぴ (but most of t hem t urn away, so t hey hear not .) means, most of t he Quraysh did not underst and anyt hing of it at all, despit e t he fact t hat it was so clear.

び∃るレｚ ミ͡ ぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レよ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey say: "Our heart s are under coverings...'') meaning, t hey are wrapped and screened,

び∀ゲ∇ホヱ∠ ゅ∠レ͡ルやクや∠￢ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠ゎ ゅｚヨ͡ョぴ (from t hat t o which you invit e us; and in our ears is deafness,) means, ` we are deaf t o t he message you bring t o us.'

び∀ゆゅ∠イェ ͡ マ ∠ レ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (and bet ween us and you is a screen,) ` so not hing of what you say reaches us.'

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ⇒∠ハ ゅ∠レルｚ ま͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇ハゅ∠プぴ (so work you (on your way); verily, we are working) means, go your way, and we will go our way, and we will not follow you.

∇ユム⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャま͡ べ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ モ ∀ ∇Αヱ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ギ∀ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユワ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ びラ ∃ ヲ⊥レ∇ヨョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや (6. Say: "I am only a human being like you. It is revealed t o me t hat your God is One God, t herefore t ake st raight pat h t o Him and obedience t o Him, and seek forgiveness of Him. And woe t o t he polyt heist s.) (7. Those who give not t he Zakah and t hey are disbelievers in t he Hereaft er.) (8. Truly, t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, for t hem will be an endless reward t hat will never st op.)

The Call to Tawhid Allah says,

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say) ` O Muhammad, t o t hese disbelievers and idolat ors,'

∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャま͡ べ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ び∀ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ (I am only a human being like you. It is revealed t o me t hat your God is One God,) ` not like t hese idols and false gods which you worship. Allah is one God,'

び͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ (t herefore t ake st raight pat h t o Him) means, ` worship Him Alone sincerely, in accordance wit h what He has commanded you t hrough His Messengers.'

び⊥ロヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ (and seek forgiveness of Him) means, ` for your past sins.'

び∠リΒ͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ モ ∀ ∇Αヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And woe t o t he polyt heist s.) means, doom and dest ruct ion is t heir lot .

び∠りヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who give not t he Zakah) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat t his means t hose who do not bear wit ness t hat t here is no God except Allah. This was also t he view of ` Ikrimah. This is like t he Ayat :

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒ｚシキ∠ リ∠ョ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠カ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒ｚミコ∠ リ∠ョ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Indeed he succeeds who purifies himself. And indeed he fails who corrupt s himself.) (91:9-10) And;

び ヴｚヤダ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ユ∠ ∇シや ゲ∠ ミ∠ ク∠ ヱ∠ - ヴｚミゴ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ョ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Indeed whosoever purifies himself shall achieve success. And remembers (glorifies) t he Name of his Lord, and prays.) (87:14-15) And;

び ヴｚミゴ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ ャｚ モ∠ワ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (And say t o him: "Would you purify yourself'') (79:18) What is meant by Zakah here is purificat ion of t he soul, ridding oneself of all bad qualit ies, t he worst of which is Shirk. The Zakah paid on one's wealt h is so called because it purifies wealt h, and it is a means of

increasing it , blessing it and making it more beneficial, and a means of assist ing one t o use it in doing good deeds. Qat adah said, "They wit hheld t he Zakah of t heir wealt h.'' This is t he apparent meaning according t o many of t he scholars of Tafsir, and t his is t he view favored by Ibn Jarir. But t he mat t er is subj ect t o furt her examinat ion, because t he obligat ion of Zakah was inst it ut ed during t he second year aft er t he Hij rah t o Al-Madinah, according t o what is st at ed by several scholars. Yet t his Ayah was revealed in Makkah. However, it is not unlikely t hat t he principle of giving charit y and Zakah was already in place and had been enj oined at t he beginning of t he Prophet 's mission, as Allah says:

び͡ロキ͡ ゅ∠ダェ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚボェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱぴ (but pay t he due t hereof on t he day of t heir harvest ) (6:141). As for t he det ails of Zakah and how it is t o be calculat ed according t o t he Nusub, were explained in Al-Madinah. This is how we may reconcile bet ween t he t wo opinions. Similarly, prayer was originally enj oined before sunrise and before sunset at t he beginning of t he Prophet 's mission; it was only on t he Night of t he Isra', a year and a half before t he Hij rah, t hat Allah enj oined upon His Messenger t he five daily prayers. The condit ions and essent ial element s of prayer were explained lat er, in st ages. And Allah knows best . Then Allah says:

∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ∃ ヲ⊥レ∇ヨョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ (Truly, t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, for t hem will be an endless reward t hat will never st op.) Muj ahid and ot hers said, "It will never be cut off or decrease.'' This is like t he Ayat :

び や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ リ ∠ Β͡んミ͡ ゅｚョぴ (They shall abide t herein for ever.) (18:3)

び∃クヱ⊥グ∇イョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠トハ ∠ぴ (a gift wit hout an end) (11:108)

ヴ͡プ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムわ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ￢͡ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ -リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ や⇔キや∠ギル∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∇イ∠ゎ∠ヱ リ ͡ ∇Βョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ⇒∠よヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ ∠シ ͡ や∠ヱケ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ｚユを⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤも͡ べｚジヤあャ ￢⇔ へ∠ヲシ ∠ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヰゎ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ

ゅ∠ヰャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∀ラゅ∠カキ⊥ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ン∠ヲわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Β͡バも͡ べ∠デ ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠わャ∠ゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔ワ∇ゲミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ハ∇ヲデ ∠ ゅ∠Βわ͡ ∇もや チ ͡ ∇ケΚ ｘ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡プ ヴ∠ェ∇ヱ∠ぺ∠ヱ リ ͡ ∇Βョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ͡プ れ ∃ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨシ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ｚリワ⊥ ゅ∠ツボ∠ プ∠ ウ ∠ Β͡ら⇒∠ダヨ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅｚレΑｚ コ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ￢∃ べ∠ヨシ ∠ あモミ⊥ び ユ͡ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Α͡ギ∇ボゎ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ⇔ヌ∇ヘェ ͡ ヱ∠ (9. Say: "Do you verily disbelieve in Him Who creat ed t he eart h in t wo Days And you set up rivals wit h Him That is t he Lord of all t hat exist s.'') (10. He placed t herein firm mount ains from above it , and He blessed it , and measured t herein it s sust enance in four Days equal for all t hose who ask.) (11. Then He rose over (Ist awa ila) t he heaven when it was smoke, and said t o it and t o t he eart h: "Come bot h of you willingly or unwillingly.'' They bot h said: "We come willingly.'') (12. Then He complet ed and finished t heir creat ion (as) seven heavens in t wo Days and He made in each heaven it s affair. And We adorned t he nearest (lowest ) heaven wit h lamps (st ars) t o be an adornment as well as t o guard. Such is t he decree of Him, t he Almight y, t he All-Knower.)

Some Details of the Creation of this Universe Here Allah denounces t he idolat ors who worship ot her gods apart from Him alt hough He is t he Creat or, Subduer and Cont roller of all t hings. He says:

ヴ͡プ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムわ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ￢͡ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び⇔やキや∠ギル∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∇イ∠ゎ∠ヱ リ ͡ ∇Βョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ (Say: "Do you verily disbelieve in Him Who creat ed t he eart h in t wo Days And you set up rivals wit h Him'') meaning, ` false gods whom you worship alongside Him'

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That is t he Lord of t he t hat exist s.) t he Creat or of all t hings is t he Lord of all t he creat ures. Here t he Ayah;

び∃ュゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ わｚ シ ͡ ヴ͡プ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ぴ (Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h in Six Days) (7:54). is explained in more det ail; t he creat ion of t he eart h and t he creat ion of t he heaven are discussed separat ely. Allah says t hat

He creat ed t he eart h first , because it is t he foundat ion, and t he foundat ion should be built first , t hen t he roof. Allah says elsewhere:

ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ び∃れや∠ヲ⇒∠ヨシ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ｚリワ⊥ やｚヲジ ∠ プ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ン∠ヲわ∠ ∇シや (He it is Who creat ed for you all t hat is on t he eart h. Then He rose over (Ist awa ila) t he heaven and made t hem seven heavens) (2:29). Wit h regard t o t he Ayat :

ゅ∠ヰム∠ ∇ヨシ ∠ ノ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レよ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ュ͡ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠￢ぺ∠ぴ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠エッ ⊥ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ズ ∠ ト ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ヱ∠ - ゅ∠ワやｚヲジ ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ワ￢∠ べ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ェキ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ゅ⇔バ⇒∠わョ∠ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠シ∇ケぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ハ∇ゲョ∠ ヱ∠ び ∇ユム⊥ ヨ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ６ ヱ∠ (Are you more difficult t o creat e or is t he heaven t hat He const ruct ed He raised it s height , and has perfect ed it . It s night He covers wit h darkness and it s forenoon He brings out (wit h light ). And aft er t hat He spread t he eart h, And brought fort h t herefrom it s wat er and it s past ure. And t he mount ains He has fixed firmly, (t o be) a provision and benefit for you and your cat t le.) (79:27-33) This Ayah st at es t hat t he spreading out of t he eart h came aft er t he creat ion of t he heavens, but t he eart h it self was creat ed before t he heavens according t o some t ext s. This was t he response of Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, as recorded by Al-Bukhari in his Tafsir of t his Ayah in his Sahih. He recorded t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr said: "A man said t o Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, saying: ` I find some t hings in t he Qur'an which confuse me:

び∠ラヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジわ∠ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠ジル∠ぺ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (There will be no kinship among t hem t hat Day, nor will t hey ask of one anot her) (23:101),

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジわ∠ Α∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will t urn t o one anot her and quest ion one anot her) (37:27),

び⇔ゅんΑ͡ギェ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (but t hey will never be able t o hide a single fact from Allah) (4:42),

び∠リΒ͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (By Allah, our Lord, we were not t hose who j oined ot hers in worship wit h Allah) (6:23) But in t his Ayah t hey did hide somet hing. And Allah says:

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レよ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ュ͡ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠￢ぺ∠ぴ (Are you more difficult t o creat e or is t he heaven t hat He const ruct ed) unt il;

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ェキ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱぴ (And aft er t hat He spread t he eart h.) (79:27-30) So He ment ioned t he creat ion of t he heavens before t he eart h, t hen He said:

ヴ͡プ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムわ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ￢͡ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び͡リ∇Βョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ (Say: "Do you verily disbelieve in Him Who creat ed t he eart h in t wo Days...'') unt il;

び∠リΒ͡バも͡ べ∠デぴ (We come willingly.) Here He ment ioned t he creat ion of t he eart h before t he creat ion of t he heavens. And He says:

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (verily, Allah (Kana) is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful) (4:23).

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ や⇔ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ぴ (Most Powerful, All-Wise) (4:56).

び⇔やゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨシ ∠ぴ (All-Hearer, All-Seer) (4:58). It is as if He was and is no longer.' Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, replied:

び∠ラヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジわ∠ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠ジル∠ぺ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ

(There will be no kinship among t hem t hat Day, nor will t hey ask of one anot her) (23:101), t his will happen when t he Trumpet is blown for t he first t ime.

Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ペ ∠ バ͡ ダ ∠ プ∠ ぴ び⊥ヮヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ョ (And all who are in t he heavens and all who are on t he eart h will swoon away, except him whom Allah wills) (39:68), and at t hat t ime t here will be no kinship among t hem, nor will t hey ask of one anot her. Then when t he Sur will be blown again,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジわ∠ Α∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will t urn t o one anot her and quest ion one anot her) (37:27). Wit h regard t o t he Ayat ,

び∠リΒ͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (By Allah, our Lord, we were not t hose who j oined ot hers in worship wit h Allah) (6:23) and

び⇔ゅんΑ͡ギェ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (but t hey will never be able t o hide a single fact from Allah) (4:42), Allah will forgive t he sincere believers t heir sins, t hen t he idolat ors will say, ` Let us say t hat we never j oined ot hers in worship wit h Allah.' Then a seal will be placed over t heir mout hs, and t heir hands will speak. Then it will be known t hat not a single fact can be hidden from Allah, and at t hat point ,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キぁ ヲ∠ Α∠ ぴ (t hose who disbelieved will wish) (4:42). Allah creat ed t he eart h in t wo days, t hen He creat ed t he heavens, t hen He (Ist awa ila) t he heaven and gave it it s shape in t wo more days. Then He spread t he eart h, which means t hat He brought fort h t herefrom it s wat er and it s past ure. And He creat ed t he mount ains, sands, inanimat e t hings, rocks and hills and everyt hing in bet ween, in t wo more days. This is what Allah says:

びゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ェ∠キぴ ((He) spread (t he eart h)) (79:30) And Allah's saying:

び͡リ∇Βョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ͡プ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘやペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ぴ ((He) creat ed t he eart h in t wo Days) So He creat ed t he eart h and everyt hing in it in four days, and He creat ed t he heavens in t wo days.

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (verily, Allah (Kana) is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful) (4:23). This is how He described Himself, and t his is how He st ill is. What ever Allah wills comes t o pass, so do not be confused about t he Qur'an, for all of it comes from Allah.''' This was recorded by Al-Bukhari.

び͡リ∇Βョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ͡プ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘやペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ぴ ((He) creat ed t he eart h in t wo Days) means, on Sunday and Monday.

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ⇒∠よヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡ホ∇ヲ∠プ リ͡ョ ヴ ∠シ ͡ や∠ヱケ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (He placed t herein firm mount ains from above it , and He blessed it ,) means, He blessed it and gave it t he pot ent ial t o be plant ed wit h seeds and bring fort h produce.

びゅ∠ヰゎ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And measured t herein it s sust enance) means, what it s people need of provision and places in which t o plant t hings and grow crops. This was on Tuesday and Wednesday, which t oget her wit h t he t wo previous days add up t o four days.

び∠リΒ͡ヤも͡ べｚジヤあャ ￢⇔ へ∠ヲシ ∠ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヴ͡プぴ (in four Days equal for all t hose who ask.) meaning, for t hose who want t o ask about t hat , so t hat t hey might know. ` Ikrimah and Muj ahid said concerning t he Ayah:

びゅ∠ヰゎ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and measured t herein it s sust enance): "He placed in every land t hat which is not suit ed for any ot her land.'' Ibn ` Abbas, Qat adah and As-Suddi said, concerning t he Ayah,

び∠リΒ͡ヤも͡ べｚジヤあャ ￢⇔ へ∠ヲシ ∠ぴ (equal for all t hose who ask): t his means, "For whoever want s t o ask about t hat .'' Ibn Zayd said:

び∠リΒ͡ヤも͡ べｚジヤあャ ￢⇔ へ∠ヲシ ∠ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヰゎ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and measured t herein it s sust enance in four Days equal for all t hose who ask. ) "According t o what ever a person who is need of provision want s, Allah measures out for him what he needs.'' This is like what t hey said concerning t he Ayah:

び⊥ロヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ あモミ⊥ リあョ ユ⊥ミゅ∠ゎへ∠ヱぴ (And He gave you of all t hat you asked for) (14:34). And Allah knows best .

び∀ラゅ∠カキ⊥ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ン∠ヲわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then He rose over (Ist awa ila) t owards t he heaven when it was smoke,) i.e., st eam which arose from it when t he eart h was creat ed.

び⇔ゅワ∇ゲミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ハ∇ヲデ ∠ ゅ∠Βわ͡ ∇もや チ ͡ ∇ケΚ ｘ ャ͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ (and said t o it and t o t he eart h: "Come bot h of you willingly or unwillingly.'') meaning, ` respond t o My command and be subj ect ed t o t his act ion, willingly or unwillingly.'

び∠リΒ͡バも͡ べ∠デ ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠わャ∠ゅ∠ホぴ (They bot h said: "We come willingly.'') meaning, ` we will respond t o You willingly and everyt hing t hat You want t o creat e in us -- angels, Jinn and men -- will all be obedient t o You.'

び͡リ∇Βョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ͡プ れ ∃ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨシ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ｚリワ⊥ ゅ∠ツボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then He complet ed and finished t heir creat ion (as) seven heavens in t wo Days) means, He finished forming t hem as seven heavens in t wo more days, which were Thursday and Friday.

びゅ∠ワゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ￢∃ べ∠ヨシ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プ ヴ∠ェ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and He decreed in each heaven it s affair. ) means, He placed in each heaven what ever it needs of angels and t hings which are known only unt o Him.

び∠ウΒ͡ら⇒∠ダヨ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅｚレΑｚ コ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We adorned t he nearest (lowest ) heaven wit h lamps) means, t he st ars and planet s which shine on t he people of t he eart h.

び⇔ゅヌ∇ヘ͡ェ∠ヱぴ (as well as t o guard.) means, as prot ect ion against t he Shayat in, lest t hey list en t o t he angels on high.

び͡ユΒ͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Α͡ギ∇ボゎ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ

(Such is t he Decree of Him, t he Almight y, t he All-Knower) means, t he Almight y Who has subj ugat ed all t hings t o His cont rol, t he All-Knower Who knows all t he movement s of His creat ures.

る͡ ボ∠ バ͡ ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ∇んョあ る⇔ ボ∠ バ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ぁゲャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ - キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヱ∠ キ∃ ゅ∠ハ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ べ∠ヨよ͡ ゅｚルみ͡プ∠ る⇔ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∂Ι ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∀キゅ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ り⇔ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ゅｚレ͡ョ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ - ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∠エ∇イ∠Α ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ り⇔ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ れ ∃ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ルｚ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ヴ͡プ や⇔ゲ∠タ∇ゲタ ∠ ゅ⇔エΑ͡ケ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ン ͡ ∇ゴガ ͡ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ Α͡グレ⊥ ャあ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ン∠ゴ∇カぺ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠ヨバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲぁらエ ∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ヰ∠ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ヰ∇ャや ͡ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや る⊥ ボ∠ バ͡ ⇒∠タ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠レ∇Βイ ｚ ル∠ ヱ∠ (13. But if t hey t urn away, t hen say: "I have warned you of a Sa` iqah like t he Sa` iqah which overt ook ` Ad and Thamud.'') (14. When t he Messengers came t o t hem, from before t hem and behind t hem (saying): "Worship none but Allah,'' t hey said: "If our Lord had so willed, He would surely have sent down t he angels. So, indeed we disbelieve in t hat wit h which you have been sent .'') (15. As for ` Ad, t hey were arrogant in t he land wit hout right , and t hey said: "Who is might ier t han us in st rengt h'' See t hey not t hat Allah Who creat ed t hem was might ier in st rengt h t han t hem. And t hey used t o deny Our Ayat !) (16. So, We sent upon t hem a Sarsar wind in days of calamit y t hat We might give t hem a t ast e of disgracing t orment in t his present worldly life. But surely t he t orment of t he Hereaft er will be more disgracing, and t hey will never be helped.) (17. And as for Thamud, We showed t hem t he pat h of t rut h but t hey preferred blindness t o guidance; so t he Sa` iqah of disgracing t orment seized t hem because of what t hey used t o earn.) (18. And We saved t hose who believed and had Taqwa.)

A Warning to the Disbelievers and a Reminder of the Story of ` Ad and Thamud says: ` Say, O Muhammad, t o t hese idolat ors who disbelieve in t he message of t rut h t hat you have brought : If you t urn away from t hat which I have brought t o you from Allah, t hen I warn you of t he punishment of Allah like t he punishment t hat t he past nat ions suffered for disbelieving in t he Messengers.'

び∠キヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヱ∠ キ∃ ゅ∠ハ る͡ ボ∠ バ͡ ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ∇んョあ る⇔ ボ∠ バ͡ ⇒∠タぴ (a Sa` iqah like t he Sa` iqah which overt ook ` Ad and Thamud.) and ot her similar nat ions who did what t hey did,

び∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ぁゲャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ぴ (When t he Messengers came t o t hem, from before t hem and behind t hem) This is like t he Ayah:

∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ フ ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ェΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ケ∠ グ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇クま͡ キ∃ ゅ∠ハ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ び͡ヮヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ ケ⊥ グ⊥ ぁレャや ろ ͡ ヤ∠カ ∠ (And remember (Hud) t he brot her of ` Ad, when he warned his people in Al-Ahqaf. And surely, t here have passed away warners before him and aft er him) (46:21). which means t hat in t he neighboring t owns and cit ies, Allah sent Messengers who commanded t he people t o worship Allah Alone wit h no part ner or associat e, and t hey brought good news as well as warnings. They saw t he punishment Allah sent upon His enemies, and t he blessings which He best owed upon His friends, yet despit e all of t his, t hey did not believe in t hem. On t he cont rary, t hey denied t hem and rej ect ed t hem, and said:

び⇔るム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∂Ι ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ (If our Lord had so willed, He would surely have sent down t he angels.) meaning, if Allah were t o send Messengers, t hey would be angels sent from His presence.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ べ∠ヨよ͡ ゅｚルみ͡プ∠ ぴ (So, indeed we disbelieve in t hat wit h which you have been sent .) means, ` because you are a mere human; we will not follow you because you are j ust men like us.'

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∀キゅ∠ハ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ

(As for ` Ad, t hey were arrogant in t he land wit hout right .) means, t hey were arrogant , st ubborn and disobedient .

び⇔りヲｚ ホ⊥ ゅｚレ͡ョ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey said: "Who is might ier t han us in st rengt h'') They boast ed of t heir physical st rengt h, and power; t hey t hought t hat t his would prot ect t hem from Allah's punishment .

∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び⇔りヲｚ ホ⊥ (See t hey not t hat Allah Who creat ed t hem was might ier in st rengt h t han t hem.) means, do t hey not realize, when t hey are showing enmit y, t hat He is t he Almight y Who creat ed all t hings and gave t hem what ever st rengt h t hey have, and t hat His onslaught will be far great er This is like t he Ayah:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バシ ͡ ヲ⊥ヨャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ギ∃ ∇Αほ∠よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βレ∠ よ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (Wit h Hands did We const ruct t he heaven. Verily, We are able t o ext end t he vast ness of space t hereof.) (51:47) They openly opposed t he Almight y and denied His signs and disobeyed His Messenger. Allah said:

び⇔やゲ∠タ∇ゲタ ∠ ゅ⇔エΑ͡ケ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So We sent upon t hem a Sarsar wind). Some said t hat t his was a st rongly blowing wind; ot hers said t hat it was a cold wind. It was also said t hat it is t he wind t hat makes a noise. The t rut h t hat it was all of t hese t hings, for it was a st rong wind t hat was an apt punishment for t heir being deceived by t heir physical st rengt h. It was also int ensely cold, as Allah says:

び∃るΒ∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ハ ゲ∃ タ ∠ ∇ゲタ ∠ ウ ∃ Α͡ゲよ͡ ぴ (wit h a Sarsar wind!) (69:6), meaning a very cold wind. It also made a furious sound. Addit ionally, t here is a famous river in t he east which is called Sarsar because of t he noise it makes as it flows.

びれ ∃ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ルｚ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ヴ͡プぴ (in days of calamit y) means, consecut ive days.

び⇔ゅョヲ⊥ジェ ⊥ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る∠ Β∠ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨを∠ ヱ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠Βャ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ぴ

(seven night s and eight days in succession) (69: 7). This is like t he Ayah:

びｙゲヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ジョぁ ザ ∃ ∇エル∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ͡プぴ (on a day of calamit y, cont inuous) (54:19) i.e., t he punishment began on a day which was of evil omen for t hem, and t his evil omen cont inued for t hem,

び⇔ゅョヲ⊥ジェ ⊥ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る∠ Β∠ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨを∠ ヱ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠Βャ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ぴ (seven night s and eight days in succession) (69:7) unt il t hey were dest royed, every last one of t hem, and t heir humiliat ion in t his world was j oined t o t heir punishment in t he Hereaft er. Allah says:

ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ン ͡ ∇ゴガ ͡ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ Α͡グレ⊥ ャあぴ びン∠ゴ∇カぺ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや (t hat We might give t hem a t ast e of disgracing t orment in t his present worldly life. But surely t he t orment of t he Hereaft er will be more disgracing.) meaning, more humiliat ing for t hem.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey will never be helped.) means, in t he Hereaft er, j ust as t hey were never helped in t his world, and t hey had no one who could prot ect t hem from Allah or save t hem from His punishment .

び∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ヰ∠ プ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And as for Thamud, We showed t hem t he pat h of t rut h) Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Abu Al-Aliyah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Qat adah, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd said, "We explained t o t hem. '' At h-Thawri said, "We called t hem.'' Allah's saying;

びン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠ヨ∠バ∇ャや ∇やヲぁらエ ∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ (but t hey preferred blindness t o guidance;) means, ` We showed t hem t he t rut h and made it clear t o t hem t hrough t he words of t heir Prophet Salih, but t hey opposed him and rej ect ed him, and t hey slaught ered t he she-camel of Allah which He had made a sign for t hem of t he t rut h of t heir Prophet .'

び͡ラヲ⊥ヰ∇ャや ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや る⊥ ボ∠ バ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ

(so t he Sa` iqah of disgracing t orment seized t hem) means, Allah sent upon t hem t he Sayhah, eart hquake, int ense humiliat ion, punishment and t orment .

び∠ラヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ぴ (because of what t hey used t o earn) means, because of t heir disbelief and rej ect ion.

び∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠レ∇Βイ ｚ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We saved t hose who believed) means, ` We saved t hem from among t hem, and no harm came t o t hem;' Allah saved t hem along wit h His Prophet Salih, peace be upon him, because of t heir fear of Allah.

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハコ∠ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ￢⊥ へ∠ギ∇ハぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ゼ ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ∇ヨシ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ワキ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠レボ∠ ト ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユゎぁ ギ͡ヰセ ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユワ͡ キ͡ ヲ⊥ヤイ ⊥ ャ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ り∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ペ ∠ト ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ギ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ͡ わ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠レニ ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤィ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ∇ヨシ ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ぁレニ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅｚヨョあ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠キ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥わレ∠レニ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ン⇔ヲ∇んョ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャゅ∠プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ダΑ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガャ⊥や びリ ∠ Β͡らわ∠ ∇バヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らわ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (19. And (remember) t he Day t hat t he enemies of Allah will be gat hered t o t he Fire, t hen t hey will be driven.) (20. Till, when t hey reach it , t heir hearing (ears) and t heir eyes and t heir skins will t est ify against t hem as t o what t hey used t o do.) (21. And t hey will say t o t heir skins, "Why do you t est ify against us'' They will say: "Allah has caused us t o speak - as He causes all t hings t o speak, and He creat ed you t he first t ime, and t o Him you are made t o ret urn.'') (22. And you have not been hiding yourselves (in t he world), lest your ears and your eyes and your skins

should t est ify against you; but you t hought t hat Allah knew not much of what you were doing.) (23. And t hat t hought of yours which you t hought about your Lord, has brought you t o dest ruct ion; and you have become of t hose ut t erly lost !) (24. Then, if t hey bear t he t orment pat ient ly, t hen t he Fire is t he home for t hem, and if t hey seek t o please Allah, yet t hey are not of t hose who will ever be allowed t o please Allah.)

On the Day of Judgement, the Sinners' Limbs will testify against Them

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハコ∠ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ￢⊥ へ∠ギ∇ハぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ゼ ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び (And (remember) t he Day t hat t he enemies of Allah will be gat hered t o t he Fire, t hen t hey will be driven.) means, remind t hese idolat ors of t he Day when t hey will be gat hered t o t he Fire and t hey will be driven, i.e., t he keepers of Hell will gat her t he first of t hem wit h t he last of t hem, as Allah says elsewhere:

び や⇔キ∇ケヱ͡ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ベ ⊥ ヲ⊥ジ∠ル∠ヱぴ (And We shall drive t he criminals t o Hell, in a t hirst y st at e) (19:86). n

びゅ∠ワヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (Till, when t hey reach it ,) means, when t hey st and at it s edge,

ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ワキ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ∇ヨシ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ (t heir hearing (ears) and t heir eyes and t heir skins will t est ify against t hem as t o what t hey used t o do.) means, all t heir deeds, earlier and lat er; not a single let t er will be concealed.

びゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユゎぁ ギ͡ヰセ ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユワ͡ キ͡ ヲ⊥ヤイ ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will say t o t heir skins, "Why do you t est ify against us'') t hey will blame t heir limbs and t heir skins when t hey t est ify against t hem, at which point t heir limbs will answer:

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ペ ∠ト ∠ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠レボ∠ ト ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ び∃りゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ (They will say: "Allah has caused us t o speak -- as He causes all t hings t o speak, and He creat ed you t he first t ime,) means, and He cannot be opposed or resist ed, and t o Him you will ret urn. Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bazzar narrat ed t hat Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah laughed and smiled one day, and said:

«∨⊥ろ∇ムエ ͡ッ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ヵ あ ぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ヶあルヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» (Will you not ask about why I laughed)'' They said, "O Messenger of Allah, why did you laugh'' He said:

る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ギ͡ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや る͡ ャ∠キ∠ ゅ∠イョ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇らイ ͡ハ ∠» ∩ヶ͡レヨ∠ ヤ͡∇ヌゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ヶ͡レゎ∠ ∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ∇ヵぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅｚャま͡ や⇔ギワ͡ ゅ∠セ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ ヶあルみ͡プ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ヴ∠ヤよ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ∇リョ͡ : メゅホ リ ∠ Β͡らゎ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや ュや∠ゲム͡ ∇ャや る͡ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ヶ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ヴヤ∠ハ ユ⊥ わ∠ ∇ガΒ⊥ プ∠ : メゅホ や⇔ケや∠ゲョ͡ ュ∠ ゅ∠ヤム∠ ∇ャや や∠グワ キ⊥ あキゲ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ｚリム⊥ ャ∠ や⇔ギ∇バよ⊥ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ル⊥ ゅ∠ミ∇ケぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤｚム∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ «メ͡キゅ∠ィぺ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ｚリム⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ボ∇エシ ⊥ ヱ∠ (I was amazed at how a servant will disput e wit h his Lord on t he Day of Resurrect ion. He will say, "My Lord, did You not promise me t hat you would not t reat me unj ust ly'' Allah will say, "Yes.'' The man will say, "I will not accept any wit ness against me except from myself.'' Allah will say, "Is it not sufficient t hat I and t he angels, t he noble scribes, are wit nesses'' These words will be repeat ed several t imes, t hen a seal will be placed over his mout h and his organs (or limbs) will speak about what he used t o do. Then he will say, "Away wit h you! It was only for your sake t hat I was arguing!'')'' It was recorded by him and Ibn Abi Hat im. It was also recorded by Muslim and An-Nasa'i. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Burdah said t hat Abu Musa said, "The disbeliever or t he hypocrit e will be called t o account and his Lord will show him his deeds, but he will deny t hem and say, ` O Lord, by Your glory, t his angel has writ t en about me somet hing t hat I did not do.' The angel will say t o him, ` Did you not do such and such on such and such a day in such and such a place' He will say, ` No, by Your glory O Lord, I did not do it .' When he

does t hat , a seal will be placed over his mout h.'' Al-Ash` ari, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "I t hink t hat t he first part of his body t o speak will be his right t high.'' Allah's saying:

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ∇ヨシ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ギ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ͡ わ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユミ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤィ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ (And you have not been hiding yourselves (in t he world), lest your ears and your eyes and your skins should t est ify against you;) means, t heir organs and skins will say t o t hem, when t hey blame t hem for t est ifying against t hem, ` you did not hide from us what you used t o do, on t he cont rary, you openly commit t ed disbelief and sin, and you claimed t hat you did not care, because you did not believe t hat Allah knew about all your deeds.' Allah says:

ゅｚヨョあ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠レニ ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユミ⊥ や∠キ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥わレ∠レニ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ぁレニ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ヲ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ (but you t hought t hat Allah knew not much of what you were doing. And t hat t hought of yours which you t hought about your Lord, has brought you t o dest ruct ion;) meaning, ` t his evil t hought , i.e., your belief t hat Allah did not know much of what you were doing, is what has caused you t o be doomed and has made your losers before your Lord.'

び∠リΑゲ͡ ジ ͡ ⇒∠ガャ⊥や リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ぴ (and you have become of t hose ut t erly lost !) means, ` in t he place of Resurrect ion, you have lost your own selves and your families.' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "I was hiding beneat h t he covering of t he Ka` bah, and t hree men came along -- a man from t he Quraysh and t wo of his brot hers-in-law from Thaqif, or a man from Thaqif and t wo of his brot hers-in-law from t he Quraysh. Their bellies were very fat , and did not have much underst anding. They said some words I could not hear, t hen one of t hem said, ` Do you t hink t hat Allah can hear what we are saying now' The ot her said, ` If we raise our voices, He will hear it , but if we do not raise our voices, He will not hear it .' The ot her said, ` If He can hear one t hing from us, He can hear everyt hing.' I ment ioned t his t o t he Prophet , t hen Allah revealed t he words:

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ∇ヨシ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ギ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ͡ わ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユミ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤィ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ (And you have not been hiding yourselves (in t he world), lest your ears and your eyes and your skins should t est ify against you) unt il;

び∠リΑ͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ぴ

(of t hose ut t erly lost !) This is how it was recorded by At -Tirmidhi. A similar report was also narrat ed by Ahmad (t hrough a different chain), Muslim and At -Tirmidhi, and Al-Bukhari and Muslim also recorded (a different chain).

∇やヲ⊥らわ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ン⇔ヲ∇んョ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャゅ∠プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ダΑ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡らわ∠ ∇バヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ (Then, if t hey bear t he t orment pat ient ly, t hen t he Fire is t he home for t hem, and if t hey seek t o please Allah, yet t hey are not of t hose who will ever be allowed t o please Allah.) means, whet her t hey bear it pat ient ly or not , t hey are in t he Fire and t hey will have no escape or way out from it , and even if t hey t ry t o please Allah and offer excuses, not hing of t hat will be accept ed from t hem. Ibn Jarir said, "The meaning of t he Ayah,

び∇やヲ⊥らわ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (and if t hey seek t o please Allah,) is: They will ask t o go back t o t his world, but t his plea will not be answered. This is like t he Ayah:

リ ∠ Βあャべ∠ッ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レゎ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ボセ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろら∠ ヤ∠ビ ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ゅｚルみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギハ ⊥ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ び ͡ラヲ⊥ヨヤあ∠ムゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ゃジ ∠ ∇カや (They will say: "Our Lord! Our wret chedness overcame us, and we were (an) erring people. Our Lord! Bring us out of t his. If ever we ret urn (t o evil), t hen indeed we shall be wrongdoers.'' He will say: "Remain you in it wit h ignominy! And speak you not t o Me!'')'' (23:106-108).

∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レΑｚ ゴ∠ プ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ルゲ∠ ホ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ツΒｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ユ∃ ョ∠ ぺ⊥ ヴ͡プ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ｚェ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠カ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ザ ͡ ∇ルΗ ͡ や∠ヱ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ボ∠ Α͡グレ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ら͡ヤ∇ピ∠ゎ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇や∇ヲピ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ン͡グャｚや ぺ∠ヲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Α∠ ゴ͡ ∇イレ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠

ギ͡ ∇ヤガ ⊥ ャや ケ⊥ や∠キ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ￢͡ へ∠ギ∇ハぺ∠ ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ラヱ⊥ギエ ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ザ ͡ ルΗ ͡ や∠ヱ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ⇒ｚヤッ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Αグ∠ ヤｚャや ゅ∠ルケ͡ ぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヤヘ∠ ∇シΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レョ͡ や∠ギ∇ホぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ∇イル∠ (25. And We have assigned for t hem int imat e companions (in t his world), who have made fair seeming t o t hem, what was before t hem and what was behind t hem. And t he Word is j ust ified against t hem as it was j ust ified against t hose who were among t he previous generat ions of Jinn and men t hat had passed away before t hem. Indeed t hey (all) were t he losers.) (26. And t hose who disbelieve say: "List en not t o t his Qur'an, and make noise in t he midst of it s (recit at ion) t hat you may overcome.'') (27. But surely, We shall cause t hose who disbelieve t o t ast e a severe t orment , and cert ainly, We shall requit e t hem t he worst of what t hey used t o do.) (28. That is t he recompense of t he enemies of Allah: t he Fire. Therein will be for t hem t he et ernal home, a recompense for t hat t hey used t o deny Our Ayat .) (29. And t hose who disbelieve will say: "Our Lord! Show us t hose among Jinn and men who led us ast ray, t hat we may crush t hem under our feet so t hat t hey become t he lowest .'')

The intimate Companions of the Idolators make Evil Actions attractive to Them Allah tells us that He is the One Who sends the idolators astray, and that this happens by His will and decree. He is the All-Wise in His actions, when He appoints for them close companions from among the devils of men and Jinn.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レΑｚ ゴ∠ プ∠ ぴ (who have made fair seeming t o t hem, what was before t hem and what was behind t hem.) means, t hey made t heir deeds at t ract ive t o t hem in t he past . As far as t he fut ure is concerned, t hey only see t hemselves as doing good, as Allah says:

ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ト∇Βセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ヂΒあ ボ∠ ル⊥ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ズ ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Β∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ∀リΑ͡ゲ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰョぁ ユ⊥ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ (And whosoever t urns away blindly from t he remembrance of t he Most Gracious, We appoint for him a Shayt an t o be a companion for him. And verily, t hey hinder t hem from t he pat h, but t hey t hink t hat t hey are guided aright !) (43:36-37)

び⊥メ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ｚェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he Word is j ust ified against t hem) means, t he Word of t orment , j ust as it was j ust ified against t he nat ions of t he past who did what t hey did, men and Jinn alike.

び∠リΑ͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠カ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Indeed t hey (all) were t he losers.) means, t hey are all equal in t erms of loss and being doomed.

How the disbelievers advised One Another not to listen to the Qur'an, and the Recompense for that

びラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t hose who disbelieve say: "List en not t o t his Qur'an...'') means, t hey advised one anot her not t o pay heed t o t he Qur'an or obey it s commands.

び͡ヮΒ͡プ ∇や∇ヲピ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and make noise in t he midst of it s) means, when it is recit ed, do not list en t o it . This was t he view of Muj ahid. "And make noise in t he midst of it s (recit at ion)'' means whist ling and t rying t o make t he Messenger of Allah confused when he recit ed Qur'an, which is what t he Quraysh did.

び∠ラヲ⊥らヤ͡∇ピゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (t hat you may overcome.) means, t his is t he pract ice of t hese ignorant disbelievers and t hose who follow in t heir foot st eps, when t hey hear t he Qur'an. Allah commanded us t o be different from t hat , and said:

∇やヲ⊥わダ ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ラ ⊥ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ￢∠ ン͡ゲホ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ (So, when t he Qur'an is recit ed, list en t o it , and be silent t hat you may receive mercy.) (7:204). Then Allah says:

び⇔やギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ボ∠ Α͡グレ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (But surely, We shall cause t hose who disbelieve t o t ast e a severe t orment , ) meaning, in ret urn for what t hey do when t hey hear t he Qur'an.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ン͡グャｚや ぺ∠ヲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Α∠ ゴ͡ ∇イレ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and cert ainly, We shall requit e t hem t he worst of what t hey used t o do.) means, for t heir evil deeds.

ギ͡ ∇ヤガ ⊥ ャや ケ⊥ や∠キ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ￢͡ へ∠ギ∇ハぺ∠ ￢⊥ へゴ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ラヱ⊥ギエ ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ザ ͡ ル͡Ηや∠ヱ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ⇒ｚヤッ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Αグ∠ ヤｚャや ゅ∠ルケ͡ ぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヤヘ∠ ∇シΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レョ͡ や∠ギ∇ホぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ∇イル∠ (That is t he recompense of t he enemies of Allah: t he Fire. Therein will be for t hem t he et ernal home, a recompense for t hat t hey used t o deny Our Ayat . And t hose who disbelieve will say: "Our Lord! Show us t hose among Jinn and men who led us ast ray, t hat we may crush t hem under our feet so t hat t hey become t he lowest .'') It was report ed t hat ` Ali, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, concerning t he phrase,

びゅ∠レ⇒ｚヤッ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Αグ∠ ヤｚャやぴ (t hose who led us ast ray): "Iblis and t he son of Adam who killed his brot her.'' As-Suddi report ed t hat ` Ali, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said; "Iblis is followed by everyone who commit s Shirk and t he son of Adam is followed by everyone who commit s a maj or sin. So Iblis is t he one who calls people t o every evil t hing, such as Shirk and lesser sins.'' As for t he first son of Adam, it is as confirmed in t he Hadit h:

メ ͡ ヱｚ ほ∠∇ャや ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ͡ ∇よや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ∇ろヤ∠わ͡ ホ⊥ ゅ∠ョ» «モ∇わボ∠ ∇ャや リ ｚシ ∠ ∇リョ∠ メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ャ͡∩ゅ∠ヰョ͡ キ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀モ∇ヘ͡ミ (No soul is wrongfully killed, but a share of t he burden ぴof t hat sinび will be upon t he first son of Adam, because he was t he first one who set t he precedent of killing anot her.)

びゅ∠レョ͡ や∠ギ∇ホぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇ヤ∠バ∇イ∠ルぴ (t hat we may crush t hem under our feet ) means, ` make t hem beneat h us in t he t orment , so t hat t hey will be punished more severely t han us.'

び∠リΒ͡ヤヘ∠ ∇シΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ム∠Β͡ャぴ

(so t hat t hey become t he lowest .) means, in t he lowest level of Hell, as already ment ioned in Al-A` raf, where t he followers ask Allah t o mult iply t he t orment for t heir leaders:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∀ブ∇バ͡ッ ｙモム⊥ ャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ((Allah) said: "For each one t here is double (t orment ), but you know not .'') (7:38) i.e., Allah will give each of t hem t he t orment and punishment t hey deserve for t heir deeds. This is like t he Ayah:

∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇キコ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヱぁギタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ (Those who disbelieved and hinder (men) from t he pat h of Allah, for t hem We will add t orment t o t he t orment because t hey used t o spread corrupt ion.) (16:88).

メ ⊥ ゴｚ レ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠ボわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゅ∠ガゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヴ͡わャｚや る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヴ͡ヰ∠わ∇ゼ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ケ∃ ヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ∇リョあ Ι ⇔ ゴ⊥ ル⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギｚ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ び ユ∃ Β͡ェケｚ (30. Verily, t hose who say: "Our Lord is Allah,'' and t hen t hey st and firm, on t hem t he angels will descend (saying): "Fear not , nor grieve! But receive t he glad t idings of Paradise which you have been promised!'') (31. "We have been your friends in t he life of t his world and are (so) in t he Hereaft er. Therein you shall have (all) t hat your souls desire, and t herein you shall have (all) for which you ask.'') (32. "An ent ert ainment from t he Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.'')

Glad Tidings to Those Who believe in Allah Alone and stand firm

び∇やヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠ボわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who say: "Our Lord is Allah,'' and t hen t hey st and firm,) means, t hey do good deeds sincerely for t he sake of Allah, and t hey obey Allah, doing what Allah has prescribed for

t hem. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Sa` id bin ` Imran said, "I read t his Ayah t o Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased wit h him:

び∇やヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠ボわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who say: "Our Lord is Allah,'' and t hen t hey st and firm,) He said, ` Those are t he ones who do not associat e anyt hing wit h Allah.''' Then he report ed a narrat ion of Al-Aswad bin Hilal, who said, "Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, ` What do you say about t his Ayah:

び∇やヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠ボわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ∇やヲャ⊥ゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who say: "Our Lord is Allah,'' and t hen t hey st and firm,)' They said:

び∇やヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠ボわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ぴ ("Our Lord is Allah,'' and t hen t hey st and firm,) ` They shun sin.' He said, ` You have not int erpret ed it improperly.' They say: ` Our Lord is Allah, t hen t hey st and firm and do not t urn t o any ot her god besides Him. ''' This was also t he view of Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, As-Suddi and ot hers. Ahmad recorded t hat Sufyan bin ` Abdullah At h-Thaqafi said, "I said, ` O Messenger of Allah, t ell me somet hing t hat I can adhere t o.' He said:

«ユ͡ボわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥ぶや ヶ ∠ よあ ケ∠ :∇モホ⊥ » (Say, my Lord is Allah, t hen st and firm.) I said, ` O Messenger of Allah, what do you fear most for me' The Messenger of Allah t ook hold of t he edge of his t ongue and said,

«や∠グワ» (This is.)'' This was also recorded by At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah; At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.'' Muslim also recorded it in his Sahih, and An-Nasa'i recorded t hat Sufyan bin ` Abdullah At hThaqafi said, "I said, ` O Messenger of Allah, t ell me somet hing about Islam t hat I will not have t o ask anyone about it aft er you.' He said:

«ユ͡ボわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ろ ⊥ ∇レョ∠ へ :∇モホ⊥ » (Say: I believe in Allah, t hen st and firm.)'' -- t hen he ment ioned t he rest of t he Hadit h.

び⊥るム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ⊥ ゴｚ レ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ぴ (on t hem t he angels will descend). Muj ahid, As-Suddi, Zayd bin Aslam and his ぴZayd'sび son said, "This means, at t he t ime of deat h, and t hey will say,

び∇やヲ⊥プゅ∠ガゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ぴ (Fear not ). '' Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah and Zayd bin Aslam said, "This means not t o fear "t hat which you will face in t he Hereaft er.''

び∇やヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor grieve!) ` for what you have left behind of worldly t hings, children, family, wealt h and debt , for we will t ake care of it for you.'

び∠ラヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヴ͡わャｚや る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (But receive t he glad t idings of Paradise which you have been promised!) So t hey give glad t idings of t he end of bad t hings and t he arrival of good t hings. This is like what is said in t he Hadit h narrat ed by Al-Bara', may Allah be pleased wit h him:

ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ Αｚ ぺ∠ ヶ͡ィゲ⊥ ∇カや :リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゥ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲャ͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ る∠ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» ∩⊥ヮレ∠ Α͡ゲヨ⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ろ ͡ ∇レミ⊥ ょ ͡ Βあ ト ｚ ャや ギ͡ ジ ∠イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ る⊥ ら∠ ⇒あΒト ｚ ャや ゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ゆ ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠エ∇Αケ∠ ヱ∠ ゥ ∃ ∇ヱケ∠ ヴャ͡ま ヶ͡ィゲ⊥ ∇カや «ラゅ∠ら∇ツビ ∠ (The angels say t o t he soul of t he believer, "Come out , O good soul from t he good body in which you used t o dwell, come out t o rest , and provision and a Lord Who is not angry.'') It was said t hat t he angels will come down t o t hem on t he Day when t hey are brought out of t heir graves. Zayd bin Aslam said, "They will give him glad t idings when he dies, in his grave, and when he is resurrect ed.'' This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hat im, and t his view reconciles all t he opinions; it is a good view and it is t rue.

び͡りゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ぴ (We have been your friends in t he life of t his world and are (so) in t he Hereaft er. ) means, t he angels will say t o t he believers when deat h approaches: "We have been your friends, i.e., your close companions, in t his world, prot ect ing you and helping you by t he command of Allah, and we will be wit h you in t he Hereaft er, keeping you from feeling lonely in your graves and when t he Trumpet is blown; we will reassure you on t he Day of Resurrect ion and will t ake you across t he Sirat and bring you t o t he Gardens of delight .''

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡ヰ∠わ∇ゼ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(Therein you shall have (all) t hat your souls desire,) means, ` in Paradise you will have all t hat you wish for and t hat will delight you.'

び∠ラヲ⊥ハギｚ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and t herein you shall have (all) for which you ask.) means, ` what ever you ask for, it will appear before you as you wish it t o be.'

び ユ∃ Β͡ェケｚ ケ∃ ヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ∇リョあ Ι ⇔ ゴ⊥ ル⊥ ぴ (An ent ert ainment from t he Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) means, ` a welcoming gift and a blessing from t he One Who has forgiven your sins and Who is Merciful and Kind t owards you, Who has forgiven you, concealed your fault s and been Kind and Merciful.'

モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠ハキ∠ リｚヨョあ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ン͡ヲわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡レルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ や∠クみ͡プ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ ∇ノプ∠ ∇キや る⊥ ∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ヴ ｘ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∀り∠ヱや∠ギ∠ハ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ン͡グャｚや ナ あェ ∠ ヱ⊥ク Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ワゅｚボヤ∠Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ワゅｚボヤ∠Α⊥ ∇グバ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∀パ∇ゴ∠ル リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ レｚ ビ ∠ ゴ∠ レ∠Α ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ び ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ (33. And who is bet t er in speech t han he who invit es t o Allah, and does right eous deeds, and says: "I am one of t he Muslims.'') (34. The good deed and t he evil deed cannot be equal. Repel (t he evil) wit h one which is bet t er, t hen verily he, bet ween whom and you t here was enmit y, (will become) as t hough he was a close friend.) (35. But none is grant ed it except t hose who are pat ient -- and none is grant ed it except t he owner of t he great port ion in t his world.) (36. And if an evil whisper from Shayt an t ries t o t urn you away, t hen seek refuge in Allah. Verily, He is t he All-Hearer, t he All-Knower.)

The Virtue of calling Others to Allah

び͡ヮヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠ハキ∠ リｚヨョあ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And who is bet t er in speech t han he who invit es t o Allah,) means, he calls t he servant s of Allah t o Him.

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡レルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and does right eous deeds, and says: "I am one of t he Muslims.'') means, he himself follows t hat which he says, so it benefit s him as well as ot hers. He is not one of t hose who enj oin good but do not do it t hemselves, or who forbid evil yet t hey do it t hemselves. He does good and avoids doing evil, and he calls people t o t heir Creat or, may He be blessed and exalt ed. This is general in meaning and applies t o everyone who calls people t o what is good and is himself guided by what he says. The Messenger of Allah is t he foremost among people in t his regard, as Muhammad bin Sirin, As-Suddi and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said. It was also said t hat what was meant here is t he right eous Mu'adhdhin, as it was ment ioned in Sahih Muslim:

«る∠ョゅΒ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ⇔ホゅ∠レ∇ハぺ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや メ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルクあ ぽ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや» (The Mu'adhdhins will be t he ones wit h t he longest necks on t he Day of Resurrect ion.)'' In AsSunan it is report ed t hat t he Prophet said:

ぶ ⊥ や ギ∠ セ ∠ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ∩∀リヨ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ぽョ⊥ ラ ⊥ あクぽ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩∀リョ͡ ゅ∠ッ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ョみ͡∇ャや» «リΒ͡ルクあ ぽ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ビ ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ ヨｚ も͡ ほ∠∇ャや (The Imam is a guarant or and t he Mu'adhdhin is in a posit ion of t rust . May Allah guide t he Imams and forgive t he Mu'adhdhin.)'' The correct view is t hat t he Ayah is general in meaning, and includes t he Mu'adhdhin and ot hers. When t his Ayah was revealed, t he Adhan had not been prescribed at all. The Ayah was revealed in Makkah, and t he Adhan was prescribed in AlMadinah aft er t he Hij rah, when it was shown t o ` Abdullah bin ` Abd Rabbihi Al-Ansari in a dream. He t old t he Messenger of Allah about it , and he t old him t o t each it t o Bilal, may Allah be pleased wit h him, who had a more beaut iful voice, as we have discussed elsewhere. So t he correct view is t hat t he Ayah is general in meaning, as ` Abdur-Razzaq said, narrat ing from Ma` mar, from Al-Hasan Al-Basri, who recit ed t his Ayah:

モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠ハキ∠ リｚヨョあ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡レルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ (And who is bet t er in speech t han he who invit es t o Allah, and does right eous deeds, and says: "I am one of t he Muslims.'') and said, "This is t he beloved of Allah, t his is t he close friend of Allah, t his is t he chosen one of Allah, t his is t he most beloved of t he all t he people of eart h t o Allah. He responded t o t he call of Allah and called mankind t o t hat t o which he had responded. He did right eous deeds in response and said, ` I am one of t he Muslims.' This is Allah's Khalifah.''

Wisdom in Da` wah etc.

び⊥るゃ∠ Βあ ジ ｚ ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (The good deed and t he evil deed cannot be equal.) means, t here is a huge difference bet ween t hem.

び⊥リジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ ∇ノプ∠ ∇キやぴ (Repel (t he evil) wit h one which is bet t er,) means, ` when someone does you wrong, repel him by t reat ing him well,' as ` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "There is no bet t er punishment for one who has disobeyed Allah wit h regard t o you, t han your obeying Allah wit h regard t o him.''

び∀ユΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ヴ ｘ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∀り∠ヱや∠ギ∠ハ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (t hen verily he, bet ween whom and you t here was enmit y, (will become) as t hough he was a close friend.) means, ` if you t reat well t hose who t reat you badly, t his good deed will lead t o reconciliat ion, love and empat hy, and it will be as if he is a close friend t o you and he will feel pit y for you and be kind t o you.' Then Allah says:

び∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ワゅｚボヤ∠Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (But none is grant ed it except t hose who are pat ient ) meaning, no one accept s t his advice and works according t o it , except for t hose who can be pat ient in doing so, for it is difficult for people t o do.

び∃ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ナ あェ ∠ ヱ⊥ク Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ワゅｚボヤ∠Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and none is grant ed it except t he owner of t he great port ion) means, t he one who has a great port ion of happiness in t his world and in t he Hereaft er. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas explained t his Ayah: "Allah commands t he believers t o be pat ient when t hey feel angry, t o be forbearing when confront ed wit h ignorance, and t o forgive when t hey are mist reat ed. If t hey do t his, Allah will save t hem from t he Shayt an and subdue t heir enemies t o t hem unt il t hey become like close friends.''

び͡ヮヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇グバ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∀パ∇ゴ∠ル リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ レｚ ビ ∠ ゴ∠ レ∠ Α∠ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And if an evil whisper from Shayt an t ries t o t urn you away, t hen seek refuge in Allah.) means, t he devils among men may be deceived by your kind t reat ment of him, but t he devils among t he Jinn, when t hey insinuat e t heir evil whispers, cannot be dealt wit h except by seeking refuge wit h t he Creat or Who gave him power over you. If you seek refuge wit h Allah and t urn t o Him, He will st op him from harming you and bring his effort s t o naught . When t he Messenger of Allah st ood up t o pray, he would say:

∩͡ユΒ͡ィゲｚ ャや ラ ͡ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ͡ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ͡ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠» «ヮ͡ん∇ヘル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ガ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ ゴ͡ ∇ヨワ∠ ∇リョ͡ (I seek refuge in Allah t he All-Hearing, All-Knowing, from t he accursed Shayt an and his evil insinuat ions, breat h and impurit y.)'' We have already st at ed t hat t here is not hing like t his in t he Qur'an, apart from t he passage in Surat Al-A` raf, where Allah says:

リ ∠ Β͡ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ チ͡ゲ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ フ ͡ ∇ゲバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ゲョ⊥ ∇ぺヱ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ヘバ∠ ∇ャや グ͡ カ ⊥ぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇グバ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∀パ∇ゴ∠ル リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ レｚ ビ ∠ ゴ∠ レ∠ Α∠ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨ∠シ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ (Show forgiveness, enj oin what is good, and t urn away from t he foolish. And if an evil whisper comes t o you from Shayt an, t hen seek refuge wit h Allah. Verily, He is All-Hearer, All-Knower.) (7:199-200) and t he passage in Surat Al-Mu'minun where Allah says:

ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ る∠ ゃ∠ Βあ ジ ｚ ャや リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヴ͡わャｚゅ͡よ ∇ノプ∠ ∇キやぴ れ ͡ や∠ゴヨ∠ ワ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ゆ あ ケｚ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ Α∠ びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲツ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ゆ あ ケ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ヱ∠ - リ ͡ Β͡ト⇒Βｚゼャや (Repel evil wit h t hat which is bet t er. We are Best -Acquaint ed wit h t he t hings t hey ut t er. And say: "My Lord! I seek refuge wit h You from t he whisperings of t he Shayat in. And I seek refuge wit h You, My Lord! lest t hey should come near me.'') (23:96-98)

Ι ∠ ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや∠ヱ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ⊥ ∇Βｚャや ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇シや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ヤ͡ャ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや ラ ͡ み͡プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ロ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エらあ ジ ∠ Α⊥ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠プ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠

へ∠クみ͡プ∠ る⇔ バ∠ ゼ ͡ ⇒∠カ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ン∠ゲゎ∠ マ ∠ ルｚぺ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒Α∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ろよ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇れゴｚ わ∠ ∇ワや ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ャ∠ (37. And from among His signs are t he night and t he day, and t he sun and t he moon. Do not prost rat e yourselves t o t he sun nor t o t he moon, but prost rat e yourselves t o Allah Who creat ed t hem, if you worship Him.) (38. But if t hey are t oo proud, t hen t here are t hose who are wit h your Lord glorify Him night and day, and never are t hey t ired.) (39. And among His signs; t hat you see t he eart h barren, but when We send down wat er t o it , it is st irred t o life and growt h. Verily, He Who gives it life, surely is able t o give life t o t he dead. Indeed He is Able t o do all t hings.)

Here Allah reminds His Creat ion of His power, and t hat He is t he One Who has no equal, and He is Able t o do all t hings. Allah's saying;

び⊥ゲヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ⊥ ∇Βｚャや ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And from among His signs are t he night and t he day, and t he sun and t he moon.) means, He creat ed t he night wit h it s darkness and t he day wit h it s light , and t hey alt ernat e wit hout ceasing. And He creat ed t he sun wit h it s shining light , and t he moon wit h it s reflect ed light . and He allot t ed t heir st ages and gave t hem separat e orbit s in t he heavens, so t hat by t he variat ions in t heir movement s man may know t he st ages of night and day, of weeks, mont hs and years, and t ime periods relat ed t o people's right s, act s of worship and various t ransact ions. Moreover, because t he sun and moon are t he most beaut iful of t he heavenly bodies t hat can be seen in bot h t he upper and lower realms, Allah point s out t hat t hey are creat ed ent it ies which are in a st at e of ent hrallment t o Him, subj ect t o His dominion and cont rol. So He says:

ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇シや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ヤ͡ャ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ロ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや (Do not prost rat e yourselves t o t he sun nor t o t he moon, but prost rat e yourselves t o Allah Who creat ed t hem, if you (really) worship Him.) meaning, ` do not associat e anyt hing in worship wit h Him, for your worship of Him will be of no benefit t o you if you worship ot hers alongside Him, because He does not forgive t he associat ion of ot hers in worship wit h Him.' He says:

び∇やヱゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや ラ ͡ み͡プ∠ ぴ (But if t hey are t oo proud, ) i.e., t o worship Him Alone, and t hey insist on associat ing ot hers wit h Him,

び∠マよあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠プぴ (t hen t here are t hose who are wit h your Lord) i.e., t he angels,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥エらあ ∠ジΑ⊥ ぴ (glorify Him night and day, and never are t hey t ired.) This is like t he Ayah:

∇やヲ⊥ジ∇Βャｚ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤミｚ ヱ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ び∠リΑ͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ムよ͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ (But if t hese disbelieve t herein, t hen, indeed We have ent rust ed it t o a people who are not disbelievers t herein.) (6:89).

び͡ヮわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And among His signs) means, signs of His abilit y t o bring t he dead back t o life.

び⇔るバ∠ ゼ ͡ ⇒∠カ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ン∠ゲゎ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ぺ∠ぴ (t hat you see t he eart h barren,) means, lifeless, wit h not hing growing in it ; it is dead.

び∇ろよ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇れゴｚ わ∠ ∇ワや ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (but when We send down wat er (rain) t o it , it is st irred t o life and growt h.) means, it brings fort h all kinds of crops and fruit s.

あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ャ∠ ゅヰ∠ ⇒∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び∀ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ (Verily, He Who gives it life, surely is able t o give life t o t he dead. Indeed He is Able t o do all t hings.)

べ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギエ ͡ ∇ヤΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ⇔レ͡ョや∠￢ ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ リｚョ ュ∠ぺ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ヴ∠ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ リ∠ヨ∠プ∠ぺ

- ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハや る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ム∠ャ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ミグあ ャゅ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇リョ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ⊥ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ｚ - ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ゅｚョ - ギ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ユ∃ Β͡ムェ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀モΑ͡ゴレ∠ゎ ヮ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヱ⊥クヱ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヱ⊥グ∠ャ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ モ ͡シ ⊥ ゲぁ ヤ͡ャ モ ∠ Β͡ホ ∇ギホ∠ び ユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠ボハ ͡ (40. Verily, t hose who Yulhiduna Fi Our Ayat are not hidden from Us. Is he who is cast int o t he Fire bet t er or he who comes secure on t he Day of Resurrect ion Do what you will. Verily, He is All-Seer of what you do.) (41. Verily, t hose who disbelieved in t he Reminder when it came t o t hem. And verily, it is an honorable well-fort ified respect ed Book.) (42. Falsehood cannot come t o it from before it or behind it , (it is) sent down by t he All-Wise, Wort hy of all praise.) (43. Not hing is said t o you except what was said t o t he Messengers before you. Verily, your Lord is t he Possessor of forgiveness, and (also) t he Possessor of painful punishment .)

The Punishment of the Deniers and the Description of the Qur'an

びゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギエ ͡ ∇ヤΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Yulhiduna Fi Our Ayat ) Ibn ` Abbas said, "Al-Ilhad means put t ing words in t heir improper places.'' Qat adah and ot hers said, "It means disbelief and obst inat e behavior.''

びべ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (are not hidden from Us.) This is a st ern warning and dire t hreat , st at ing t hat He, may He be exalt ed, knows who denies His signs, Names and at t ribut es, and He will punish t hem for t hat . He says:

ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ⇔レ͡ョや∠￢ ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ リｚョ ュ∠ぺ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ヴ∠ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び͡るヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや (Is he who is cast int o t he Fire bet t er or he who comes secure on t he Day of Resurrect ion) means, are t hese t wo equal They are not equal. Then Allah warns t he disbelievers:

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハやぴ (Do what you will.) Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak and ` At a' Al-Khurasani said t hat

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハやぴ (Do what you will. ) is a t hreat . Meaning, ` do what you will of good or evil, for He knows and sees all t hat you do.' He says:

び∀ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, He is All-Seer of what you do.)

び∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ミグあ ャゅ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who disbelieved in t he Reminder when it came t o t hem.) Ad-Dahhak, As-Suddi and Qat adah said, "This is t he Qur'an.''

び∀ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ ∀ょ⇒∠わム͡ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, it is an honorable well-fort ified respect ed Book.) means, it is prot ect ed and preserved, and nobody can produce anyt hing like it .

び͡ヮヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ⊥ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ｚぴ (Falsehood cannot come t o it from before it or behind it ,) means, t here is no way t o corrupt it , because it has been sent down by t he Lord of t he worlds. Allah says:

び∃ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ユ∃ Β͡ムェ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀モΑ͡ゴレ∠ゎぴ ((it is) sent down by t he All-Wise, Wort hy of all praise.) meaning, He is Wise in all t hat He says and does, Praisewort hy in all t hat He commands and forbids; everyt hing t hat He does is for praisewort hy purposes and it s consequences will be good.

び∠マヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ モ ͡シ ⊥ ゲぁ ヤ͡ャ モ ∠ Β͡ホ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ゅｚョぴ (Not hing is said t o you except what was said t o t he Messengers before you.) Qat adah, As-Suddi and ot hers said, "Not hing is said t o you by way of rej ect ion and disbelief, t hat was not said t o t he Messengers who came before you. Just as you have been rej ect ed, t hey were also rej ect ed. Just as t hey bore t heir people's insult s wit h pat ience, so t oo you must bear your people's insult s wit h pat ience.''

び∃りゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヱ⊥グャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (Verily, your Lord is t he Possessor of forgiveness,) means, for t hose who t urn t o Him in repent ance.

び∃ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠ボハ ͡ ヱ⊥クヱ∠ ぴ (and (also) t he Possessor of painful punishment .) means, for t hose who persist in disbelief, t ransgression and st ubborn opposit ion.

∇ろヤ∠ダ あ プ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボャｚ ゅ⇔Β∂ ヨ͡ イ ∠ ∇ハぺ ゅ⇔ルや∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ヴ ｘ よ͡ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ｘ ヨ͡ イ ∠ ∇ハや∠￢ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∀ゲ∇ホ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ や∠クや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ∠ヱ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ギ∃ Β͡バよ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョｚ リョ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヱキ∠ ゅ∠レΑ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヴ⇔ヨハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ブ ∠ ヤ͡わ⊥ ∇カゅ∠プ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ボ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ∇ろボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ びょ ∃ Α͡ゲョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ マ ｙセ ∠ (44. And if We had sent t his as a Qur'an in a foreign language, t hey would have said: "Why are not it s verses explained in det ail What ! Not in Arabic nor an Arab'' Say: "It is for t hose who believe, a guide and a cure. And as for t hose who disbelieve, t here is heaviness in t heir ears, and it is blindness for t hem. They are called from a place far away.'') (45. And indeed We gave Musa t he Script ure, but disput e arose t herein. And had it not been for a Word t hat went fort h before from your Lord, and t he mat t er would have been set t led bet ween t hem. But t ruly, t hey are in grave doubt t heret o.)

Rejection of the Qur'an is pure Stubbornness Allah t ells us t hat t he Qur'an is so eloquent and perfect in it s wording and meanings, yet despit e t hat t he idolat ors do not believe in it . He t ells us t hat t heir disbelief is t he disbelief of st ubbornness, as He says elsewhere:

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨイ ∠ ∇ハｘΙや ヂ ͡ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャゴｚ ル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ロ⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ぴ

(And if We had revealed it unt o any of t he non-Arabs, and he had recit ed it unt o t hem, t hey would not have believed in it .) (26:198-199). If t he Qur'an had been revealed in t he language of t he non-Arabs, t hey would have said, because of t heir st ubbornness:

びｘヴよ͡ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ｘ ヨ͡ イ ∠ ∇ハや∠￢ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ろヤ∠ダ あ プ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ (Why are not it s verses explained in det ail What ! not in Arabic and an Arab) meaning, why is it not revealed in det ail in Arabic And by way of denunciat ion t hey would have said, "What ! not in Arabic nor from an Arab -- i.e., how can foreign words be revealed t o an Arab who does not underst and t hem This int erpret at ion was report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, As-Suddi and ot hers.

び∀￢べ∠ヘセ ͡ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "It is for t hose who believe, a guide and a cure...'') means, ` say, O Muhammad: t his Qur'an, for t he one who believes in it , is guidance for his heart and a cure for t he doubt s and confusion t hat exist s in people's heart s.'

び∀ゲ∇ホヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ や∠クや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And as for t hose who disbelieve, t here is heaviness in t heir ears,) means, t hey do not underst and what is in it .

びヴ⇔ヨハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and it is blindness for t hem.) means t hey are not guided t o t he explanat ions cont ained t herein. This is like t he Ayah:

る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケゅ∠ジカ ∠ Ι ｚ ま∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ (And We send down of t he Qur'an t hat which is a healing and a mercy t o t hose who believe, and it increases t he wrongdoers not hing but loss.) (17:82).

び∃ギΒ͡バよ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョｚ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヱキ∠ ゅ∠レΑ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (They are called from a place far away.) Muj ahid said, "Far away from t heir heart s.'' Ibn Jarir said, "It is as if t he one who is addressing t hem is calling t o t hem from a dist ant place, and t hey cannot underst and what he is saying.'' This is like t he Ayah:

Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ペ ⊥ バ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∀ヴ∇ヨハ ⊥ ∀ユ∇ムよ⊥ ユｘ タ ⊥ ￢⇔ へ∠ギル͡ ヱ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ハキ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ (And t he example of t hose who disbelieve is as t hat of him who shout s t o t hose (flock of sheep) t hat hears not hing but calls and cries. (They are) deaf, dumb and blind. So t hey do not underst and.) (2:171)

Taking Musa as an Example

び͡ヮΒ͡プ ブ ∠ ヤ͡わ⊥ ∇カゅ∠プ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed We gave Musa t he Script ure, but disput e arose t herein.) means, t hey disbelieved in him and did not show him any respect .

び͡モシ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ュ͡ ∇ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ∠ ら∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プぴ (Therefore be pat ient as did t he Messengers of st rong will) (46:35).

びヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ∇ろボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And had it not been for a Word t hat went fort h before from your Lord,) i.e., t o delay t he Reckoning unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion,

び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ͡ ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ボ⊥ ャｚぴ (t he mat t er would have been set t led bet ween t hem.) means, t he punishment would have been hast ened for t hem. But t hey have an appoint ed t ime, beyond which t hey will find no escape.

び∃ょΑ͡ゲョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ マ ｙセ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (But t ruly, t hey are in grave doubt t heret o.) means, t heir words of disbelief are not due t o any wisdom or insight on t heir part ; rat her t hey spoke wit hout any at t empt at examining it t horoughly. This was also t he int erpret at ion of Ibn Jarir, and it is a plausible int erpret at ion. And Allah knows best .

ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ￢∠ べ∠シぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョｚ ぴ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ユ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ぁキゲ∠ Α⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ - ͡ギΒ͡ら∠バ∇ヤャあ ユ∃ ⇒ｚヤヌ ∠ よ͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡ョゅ∠ヨ∇ミ∠ぺ ∇リョあ れ ∃ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ を∠ リ͡ョ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡キゅ∠レΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ノ⊥ ツ ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ん∇ルぺ⊥ モ ｚッ ∠ ヱ∠ - ギ∃ Β͡ヰセ ∠ リ͡ョ ゅｚレ͡ョ ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ ゅｚルク∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヴ͡もべ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲぁレニ ∠ ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レハ ∠ びゾ ∃ Β͡エョｚ (46. Whosoever does right eous good deed, it is for himself; and whosoever does evil, it is against himself. And your Lord is not at all unj ust t o (His) servant s.) (47. To Him is referred t he knowledge of t he Hour. No fruit comes out of it s sheat h, nor does a female conceive nor brings fort h (young), except by His knowledge. And on t he Day when He will call unt o t hem (saying): "Where are My (so-called) part ners'' They will say: "We inform You t hat none of us bears wit ness t o it !'') (48. And t hose whom t hey used t o invoke before (in t his world) shall disappear from t hem, and t hey will perceive t hat t hey have no place of refuge.)

Everyone will be requited according to His Deeds

び͡ヮジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョｚ ぴ (Whosoever does right eous good deed, it is for himself;) means, t he benefit of which will come t o him.

びゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ￢∠ べ∠シぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and whosoever does evil, it is against himself.) means, t he consequences of t hat will come back on him.

び͡ギΒ͡らバ∠ ∇ヤャあ ユ∃ ⇒ｚヤヌ ∠ よ͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And your Lord is not at all unj ust t o (His) servant s) means, He only punishes people for t heir sins, and He does not punish anyone except af t er est ablishing proof against him and sending a Messenger t o him.

Knowledge of the Hour is with Allah Alone Then Allah says:

び͡るハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ユ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ぁキゲ∠ Α⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ぴ (To Him is referred t he knowledge of t he Hour.) meaning, no one knows about t hat apart from Him. Muhammad , t he leader of mankind, said t o Jibril, who is one of t he leading angels, when he asked him about t he Hour:

«モ͡もゅｚジャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇ハほ∠よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ メ ⊥ ヱ⊥ぽ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ» (The one who is asked about it does not know more t han t he one who is asking.)'' And Allah says:

び べ∠ヰ⇒∠ヰわ∠ レ⊥ョ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (To your Lord belongs t he t erm t hereof.) (79:44)

び∠ヲワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰわ͡ ∇ホヲ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒあヤ∠イΑ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (None can reveal it s t ime but He) (7:187).

モ ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰョ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ミぺ∠ ∇リョあ れ ∃ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ を∠ リ͡ョ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮヨ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ノ⊥ ツ ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ん∇ルぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ (No fruit comes out of it s sheat h, nor does a female conceive nor brings fort h (young), except by His knowledge.) means, all of t hat is known t o Him, and not hing is hidden from your Lord t he weight of a speck of dust on t he eart h or in t he heaven. Allah says:

びゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ ホ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ リ͡ョ テ ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (not a leaf falls, but He knows it ) (6:59).

ュ⊥ ゅ∠ェ∇ケΙ ｘや ヂ ⊥ Β͡ピゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ∠んル⊥ぺ ぁモミ⊥ モ ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ぴ び∃ケや∠ギ∇ボヨ͡ よ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヱ∠ キ⊥ や∠キ∇ゴゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (Allah knows what every female bears, and by how much t he wombs fall short or exceed. Everyt hing wit h Him is in (due) proport ion) (13:8).

Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ヨ⊥ ハ ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゾ ⊥ ボ∠ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ヨｚ バ∠ ョぁ リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ ｚヨバ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∀ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ (And no aged man is grant ed a lengt h of life nor is a part cut off from his life, but is in a Book. Surely, t hat is easy for Allah.) (35:11)

びヴ͡もべ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡キゅ∠レΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And on t he Day when He will call unt o t hem (saying): "Where are My (so-called) part ners'') means, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, Allah will call out t o t he idolat ors before all of creat ion and say, "Where are My part ners whom you worshipped besides Me''

び∠ポゅｚルク∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They will say: "We inform You...'') means, ` we t ell You,'

び∃ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ リ͡ョ ゅｚレ͡ョ ゅ∠ョぴ (t hat none of us bears wit ness t o it .) means, ` not one of us will bear wit ness t oday t hat You have any part ner.'

び⊥モ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レハ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hose whom t hey used t o invoke before (in t his world) shall disappear from t hem, ) means, t hey will go away, and will be of no benefit t o t hem.

び∃ゾΒ͡エョｚ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲぁレニ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey will perceive t hat t hey have no place of refuge) means, t hey will have no way of escaping from t he punishment of Allah. This is like t he Ayah:

ゅ∠ワヲ⊥バホ͡ や∠ヲョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲぁレヌ ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ぺケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔プゲ͡ ∇ダョ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ (And t he criminals shall see t he Fire and apprehend t hat t hey have t o fall t herein. And t hey will find no way of escape from t here.) (18:53)

ヮ⊥ ジ ｚ ョｚ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ￢͡ べ∠ハキ⊥ リ͡ョ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΙや ユ⊥ ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ Ι ｚぴ リ͡ョ ゅｚレョあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホク∠ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ∀ヅヲ⊥レホ∠ ∀サヲ⊥ゃΒ∠ プ∠ ゲぁ ゼ ｚ ャや ぁリニ ⊥ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ や∠グ⇒∠ワ リ ｚ ャ∠ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わｚジョ∠ ￢∠ へｚゲッ ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヴ͡ャ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇バィ あ ケぁ リ͡ゃャ∠ヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ も͡ べ∠ホ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ゃ∠ らあ レ∠ レ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ヤャ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ナ ∃ Β͡ヤビ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ボ∠ Α͡グレ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゲぁ ゼ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ｚジョ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ヮ͡ ら͡ ル͡ ゅ∠イよ͡ ン∠ほル∠ ヱ∠ チ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや びヂ ∃ Α͡ゲハ ∠ ￢∃ べ∠ハキ⊥ ヱ⊥グプ∠ (49. Man does not get t ired of asking for good; but if an evil t ouches him, t hen he gives up all hope and is lost in despair.) (50. And t ruly, if We give him a t ast e of mercy from Us, aft er some adversit y has t ouched him, he is sure t o say: "This is due t o my (merit ); I t hink not t hat t he Hour will be est ablished. But if I am brought back t o my Lord, surely t here will be for me t he best wit h Him. "Then, We verily will show t o t he disbelievers what t hey have done, and We shall make t hem t ast e a severe t orment .) (51. And when We show favor t o man, he t urns away and becomes arrogant ; but when evil t ouches him, t hen he has recourse t o long supplicat ions.)

Man is fickle when Ease comes to Him after Difficulty Allah t ells us t hat man never get s bored of asking his Lord for good t hings, such as wealt h, physical healt h, et c., but if evil t ouches him -- i.e., t rials and difficult ies or povert y --

び∀ヅヲ⊥レホ∠ ∀サヲ⊥ゃΒ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t hen he gives up all hope and is lost in despair.), i.e., he t hinks t hat he will never experience anyt hing good again.

ヮ⊥ ∇わｚジョ∠ ￢∠ へｚゲッ ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゅｚレョあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホク∠ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びヴ͡ャ や∠グ⇒∠ワ リ ｚ ャ∠ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ (And t ruly, if We give him a t ast e of mercy from Us, aft er some adversit y has t ouched him, he is sure t o say: "This is due t o my (merit )...'') means, if somet hing good happens t o him or some

provision comes t o him aft er a period of difficult y, he says, ` t his is because of me, because I deserve t his from my Lord.'

び⇔るヨ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ホ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ぁリニ ⊥ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (I t hink not t hat t he Hour will be est ablished.) means, he does not believe t hat t he Hour will come. So when he is given some blessing, he becomes careless, arrogant and ungrat eful, as Allah says:

び ヴ∠レ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや ロ⊥ や∠￢ケｚ ラ∠ぺ - ヴ∠ピ∇トΒ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ ⇒ジ ∠ ル͡Ηや ラ ｚ ま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay! Verily, man does t ransgress. Because he considers himself self-sufficient .) (96:6)

びヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ヤャ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヴ͡ャ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇バィ あ ケぁ リ͡ゃ∠ャ∠ヱぴ (But if I am brought back t o my Lord, surely t here will be for me t he best wit h Him.) means, ` if t here is a Hereaft er aft er all, t hen my Lord will be generous and kind t o me j ust as He was in t his world.' So he expect s Allah t o do him favors in spit e of his bad deeds and lack of cert ain fait h. Allah says:

∇リョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ボ∠ Α͡グレ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ｚ ∠ゃらあ ∠レレ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ び∃ナΒ͡ヤビ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ (Then, We verily will show t o t he disbelievers what t hey have done, and We shall make t hem t ast e a severe t orment .) Thus Allah t hreat ens punishment and vengeance t o t hose whose conduct and belief is like t hat .

び͡ヮら͡ ル͡ ゅ∠イよ͡ ン∠ほル∠ ヱ∠ チ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when We show favor t o man, he t urns away and becomes arrogant ;) means, he t urns away from doing act s of obedience and is t oo proud t o obey t he commands of Allah. This is like t he Ayah:

び͡ヮレ͡ ∇ミゲ⊥ よ͡ ヴｚャ∠ヲ∠わ∠プぴ (But ぴFir` awnび t urned away along wit h his host s) (51:39).

びぁゲゼ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ｚジョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (but when evil t ouches him,) means, difficult ies,

び∃ヂΑ͡ゲハ ∠ ￢∃ べ∠ハキ⊥ ヱ⊥グプ∠ ぴ (t hen he has recourse t o long supplicat ions.) means, he asks at lengt h for one t hing. Long supplicat ions are t hose which are long on words and short on meaning. The opposit e is concise speech which is brief but full of meaning. And Allah says:

や⇔ギハ ͡ ゅ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ レ∠イャ͡ ゅ∠ルゅ∠ハキ∠ ゲぁ ツ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ザ ｚ ョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ べ∠レハ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ∠ほミ∠ ゲｚ ョ∠ ロ⊥ ｚゲッ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヘゼ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ヨも͡ べ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ び⊥ヮジ ｚ ョｚ ｙゲッ ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ (And when harm t ouches man, he invokes Us, lying on his side, or sit t ing or st anding. But when We have removed his harm from him, he passes on as if he had never invoked Us for a harm t hat t ouched him!) (10:12)

∇リョ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ゲレ⊥ シ ∠ - ギ∃ Β͡バよ∠ ベ ∃ ゅ∠ボセ ͡ ヴ͡プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴプ͡ ヱ∠ ベ ͡ ゅ∠プΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ - ∀ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ マ ∠ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ブ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ボャあ リあョ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲョ͡ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ びテ ⊥ Β͡エョぁ (52. Say: "Tell me, if it is from Allah, and you disbelieve in it Who is more ast ray t han one who is in opposit ion far away.'') (53. We will show t hem Our signs in t he universes, and wit hin t hemselves, unt il it becomes manifest t o t hem t hat t his is t he t rut h. Is it not sufficient in regard t o your Lord t hat He is a Wit ness over all t hings) (54. Lo, Verily, t hey are in doubt concerning t he meet ing wit h t heir Lord. Verily, He is surrounding all t hings!)

The Qur'an and the Proofs of its Truth Allah says:

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say) -- ` O Muhammad, t o t hese idolat ors who disbelieve in t he Qur'an'--

び∠ラゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Tell me, if it ) -- t his Qur'an --

び͡ヮよ͡ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ぴ (is from Allah, and you disbelieve in it ) means, ` what do you t hink your posit ion is before t he One Who revealed it t o His Messenger' Allah says:

び∃ギΒ͡バよ∠ ベ ∃ ゅ∠ボセ ͡ ヴ͡プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ぴ (Who is more ast ray t han one who is in opposit ion far away.) means, he is in a st at e of disbelief, st ubbornness and opposit ion t o t he t rut h, and is following a pat h t hat leads far away from guidance. Then Allah says:

び∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ベ ͡ ゅ∠プΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ゲレ⊥ シ ∠ぴ (We will show t hem Our signs in t he universe, and wit hin t hemselves,) meaning, ` We will show t hem Our evidence and proof t hat t he Qur'an is t rue and has indeed been sent down from Allah t o t he Messenger of Allah, t hrough ext ernal signs,

び͡ベゅ∠プｘΙや ヴ͡プぴ (in t he universe), ' such as conquest s and t he advent of Islam over various regions and over all ot her religions. Muj ahid, Al-Hasan and As-Suddi said, "And signs wit hin t hemselves means, t he bat t le of Badr, t he conquest of Makkah, and ot her event s which befell t hem, where Allah grant ed vict ory t o Muhammad and his Companions, and inflict ed a humiliat ing defeat on falsehood and it s followers.'' It may also be t hat what is meant here is man and his physical composit ion. As det ailed in t he science of anat omy, which indicat es t he wisdom of t he Creat or -- may He be blessed and exalt ed -- and t he different inclinat ions and opposit e nat ures t hat people have, good and bad, et c., and t he (divine) decrees t o which man is subj ect ed, having no power t o change and over which he has no cont rol.

ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ マ ∠ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ブ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ び∀ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴヤ∠ハ ∠ (unt il it becomes manifest t o t hem t hat t his (t he Qur'an) is t he t rut h. Is it not sufficient in regard t o your Lord t hat He is a Wit ness over all t hings) means, sufficient is Allah as a Wit ness over t he words and deeds of His servant s, and He bears wit ness t hat Muhammad is t elling t he t rut h in what he says, as Allah says:

び͡ヮヨ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ͡ ム͡ ⇒ｚャぴ (But Allah bears wit ness t o t hat which He has sent down unt o you; He has sent it down wit h His knowledge) (4:166).

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ボャあ リあョ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲョ͡ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Lo, Verily, t hey are in doubt concerning t he meet ing wit h t heir Lord.) means, t hey doubt t hat t he Hour will come, t hey do not t hink about it or st rive for it or pay heed t o it ; on t he cont rary, t hey regard it as irrelevant and do not care about it . But it will undoubt edly come t o pass. Then Allah st at es t hat He is Able t o do all t hings and He encompasses all t hings, and it is very easy for Him t o bring about t he Hour:

び⊥テΒ͡エョぁ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Verily, He is surrounding all t hings!) means, all of creat ion is subj ect t o His cont rol, dominion and knowledge; He is cont rolling all t hings by His power, so what ever He wills happens, and what ever He does not will does not happen, and t here is no god wort hy of worship apart from Him. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surah Fussilat . To Allah be praise and blessings.

The Tafsir of Surat Ash-Shura (Chapter - 42) Which was revealed in Makkah

び͡ユΒ͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥Α マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ -ペジハ -ユ⇒ェぴ れ ͡ ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ -ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠ムゎ∠ -ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ャや ヴ ぁ ヤ͡バ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケ∇Ιや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エら∂ ジ ∠ Α⊥ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ∇ゲト ｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ れ ⊥ ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケ∇Ιや ヴ͡プ リ∠ヨャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ∂ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡

ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グ∠ガゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ -ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや び-モ ∃ Β͡ミヲ∠ よ͡ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ナΒ͡ヘ∠ェ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ (1. Ha Mim.) (2. ` Ain Sin Qaf.) (3. Likewise Allah, t he Almight y, t he All-Wise sends revelat ion t o you as t o t hose before you.) (4. To Him belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is on t he eart h, and He is t he Most High, t he Most Great .) (5. Nearly t he heavens might be rent asunder from above t hem, and t he angels glorify t he praises of t heir Lord, and ask for forgiveness for t hose on t he eart h. Lo, Verily, Allah is t he Oft -Forgiving, t he Most Merciful.) (6. And as for t hose who t ake as prot ect ing friends ot hers besides Him -- Allah is Hafiz over t hem, and you are not a t rust ee over t hem.)

The Revelation and Allah's Might We have previously discussed t he individual let t ers.

ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥Α マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや (Likewise Allah, t he Almight y, t he All-Wise sends revelat ion t o you as t o t hose before you.) means, ` j ust as t his Qur'an has been revealed t o you, so t oo t he Books and Script ures were revealed t o t he Prophet s who came before you.'

び͡ゴΑ͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャやぴ (Allah, t he Almight y) means, in His vengeance

び⊥ユΒ͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (t he All-Wise) means, in all t hat He says and does. Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, narrat ed t hat ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said, "Al-Harit h bin Hisham asked t he Messenger of Allah , ` O Messenger of Allah, how does t he revelat ion come t o you' The Messenger of Allah said:

ロ⊥ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡サゲ∠ イ ∠ ∇ャや る͡ ヤ∠ダ ∠ ∇ヤタ ∠ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ヶ͡レΒ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠Β∇ェぺ∠» ゅ⇔ルゅ∠Β∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠メゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ョ ろ ⊥ ∇Βハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ヶあレハ ∠ ユ⊥ ダ ͡ ∇ヘΒ∠ プ∠ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ «メヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヶ͡ハほ∠プ∠ ヶ͡レヨ⊥ ヤあム∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡レΒ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠

(Somet imes it comes t o me like t he ringing of a bell, which is t he most difficult for me; t hen it goes away, and I underst and what was said. And somet imes t he angel comes t o me in t he image of a man, and he speaks t o me and I underst and what he says.)'' ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said, "I saw him receiving t he revelat ion on a very cold day, and when it depart ed from him, t here were beads of sweat on his forehead.'' It was also report ed in t he Two Sahihs, and t he version quot ed here is t hat recorded by Al-Bukhari.

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ れ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (To Him belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is on t he eart h,) means, everyt hing is subj ect t o His dominion and cont rol.

び⊥ユΒ͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ぁ ヤ͡バ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He is t he Most High, t he Most Great .) This is like t he Ayat :

び͡メゅ∠バわ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Β͡らム∠ ∇ャやぴ (t he Most Great , t he Most High) (13:9), and

び⊥ゲΒ͡らム∠ ∇ャや ヴ ぁ ヤ͡バ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (He is t he Most High, t he Most Great ) (22:62). And t here are many similar Ayat .

びｚリヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ∇ゲト ｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや キ⊥ ゅ∠ムゎ∠ ぴ (Nearly t he heavens might be rent asunder from above t hem,) Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah, As-Suddi and Ka` b Al-Ahbar said, "Out of fear of His might .''

リ∠ヨャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エらあ ジ ∠ Α⊥ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ び͡チ∇ケｘΙや ヴ͡プ (and t he angels glorify t he praises of t heir Lord, and ask for forgiveness for t hose on t he eart h.) This is like t he Ayah:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エらあ ジ ∠ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ス ∠ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ∇エΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ び⇔ゅヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ モ ｚ ⇒⊥ミ ろ ∠ ∇バシ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ (Those who bear t he Throne and t hose around it glorify t he praises of t heir Lord, and believe in Him, and ask forgiveness for t hose who believe (saying): "Our Lord! You comprehend all t hings in mercy and knowledge,'') (40:7)

び⊥ユΒ͡ェゲｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Lo! Verily, Allah is t he Oft -Forgiving, t he Most Merciful.) This is a reminder, t o t ake heed of t his fact .

び∠￢べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And as for t hose who t ake as prot ect ing friends ot hers besides Him) This refers t o t he idolat ors,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ナΒ͡ヘ∠ェ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (Allah is Hafiz over t hem.) meaning, He is Wit ness t o t heir deeds, recording and enumerat ing t hem precisely, and He will requit e t hem for t hem in full.

び∃モΒ͡ミヲ∠ よ͡ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and you are not a t rust ee over t hem.) meaning, ` you are j ust a warner, and Allah is t he Trust ee of all affairs.'

ｚュぺ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥わャあ ゅ⇔Β∂ よ͡ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ゅ⇔ルや∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ノ͡ ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥ゎヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - ゲ͡ Β͡バジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ∠ヱ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ ヴ͡プ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ モ ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや び ゲ∃ Β͡ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ｙ ャ͡ヱ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠

(7. And t hus We have revealed t o you a Qur'an in Arabic t hat you may warn t he Mot her of t he Towns and all around it , and warn (t hem) of t he Day of Assembling of which t here is no doubt , a part y will be in Paradise and a part y in t he blazing Fire.) (8. And if Allah had willed, He could have made t hem one nat ion, but He admit s whom He wills t o His mercy. And t he wrongdoers will have neit her a prot ect or nor a helper.)

The Qur'an was revealed to serve as a Warning Allah says, ` j ust as We sent revelat ion t o t he Prophet s before you,'

び⇔ゅΒ∂ よ͡ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ゅ⇔ルや∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Β∠ェ∇ヱ∠ぺぴ (t hus We have revealed t o you a Qur'an in Arabic) meaning, plain, clear, and manifest

びン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ｚュぺ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥わャあぴ (t hat you may warn t he Mot her of t he Towns), i.e., Makkah,

びゅ∠ヰャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and all around it ,) means, all t he lands, east and west . Makkah is called Umm Al-Qura (t he Mot her of t he Towns) because it is nobler t han all ot her lands, as indicat ed by much evidence t hat has been discussed elsewhere. Among t he most concise and clear proofs of t hat is t he report recorded by Imam Ahmad from ` Abdullah bin ` Adi bin Al-Hamra' Az-Zuhri, who heard t he Messenger of Allah say, as he was st anding in t he market place of Makkah;

ヴ∠ャま͡ ぶ ͡ やチ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ょ ぁ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ やチ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βガ ∠ ャ∠ マ ͡ ルｚ ま͡ ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ» «ろ∇ィゲ∠ カ ∠ ゅ∠ョ マ ͡ ∇レョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ ヶあルぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶや (By Allah, you are t he best land of Allah, t he most beloved land t o Allah; were it not for t he fact t hat I was driven out from you, I would never have left you.) This was also recorded by At Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah; At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih. ''

び͡ノ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥ゎヱ∠ ぴ (and warn (t hem) of t he Day of Assembling) i.e., t he Day of Resurrect ion, when Allah will assemble t he first and t he last in one plain.

び͡ヮΒ͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ぴ

(of which t here is no doubt ,) means, t here is no doubt t hat it will happen and will most cert ainly come t o pass.

び͡ゲΒ͡バジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ∠ヱ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プぴ (a part y will be in Paradise and a part y in t he blazing Fire.) This is like t he Ayah:

び͡リよ⊥ ゅ∠ピわｚャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ノ͡ ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ ((And remember) t he Day when He will gat her you (all) on t he Day of Gat hering, --- t hat will be t he Day of mut ual loss and gain) (64:9). which means t hat t he people of Paradise and t he people of Hell will gain and lose, respect ively. And it is like t he Ayah:

マ ∠ ャ͡ク り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ フ ∠ ゅ∠カ ∇リヨ∠ ャあ る⇔ Α∠ Γ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ - キ∀ ヲ⊥ヰ∇ゼョｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∀ネヲ⊥ヨ∇イョｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ユ⊥ ヤｚム∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ∃キヱ⊥ギ∇バョｚ モ ∃ィ ∠Ι ６ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ あカぽ∠ ル⊥ び ∀ギΒ͡バシ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ｘ ボ͡ セ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ (Indeed in t hat (t here) is a sure lesson for t hose who fear t he t orment of t he Hereaft er. That is a Day whereon will be gat hered t oget her, and t hat is a Day when all (t he dwellers of t he heavens and t he eart h) will be present . And We delay it only for a t erm fixed. On t he Day when it comes, no person shall speak except by His leave. Some among t hem will be wret ched and (ot hers) blessed.) (11:103-105) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah came out t o us, holding t wo books in his hand. He said,

«∨͡ラゅ∠よゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや ラ ͡ や∠グワ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケ∇ギゎ∠ ぺ∠» (Do you know what t hese t wo books are) We said, "We do not know unless you t ell us, O Messenger of Allah.'' Concerning t he book in his right hand, He said:

る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇シほ∠よ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヨャ∠ゅ∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀ゆゅ∠わ͡ミ や∠グワ∠ » ∩∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ カ ͡ へ ヴヤ∠ハ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ∇ィぺ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡も͡ ゅ∠らホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ ゅ∠よへ ͡￢ゅ∠ヨ∇シ∠ぺ∠ヱ «や⇔ギよぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゾ ⊥ ボ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ キ⊥ や∠ゴΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ

(This is a book from t he Lord of t he worlds, cont aining t he names of t he people of Paradise and of t heir fat hers and t ribes; all of t hem are det ailed, down t o t he last one of t hem, and not hing will be added or t aken away from it .) Then concerning t he book in his left hand, he said:

∇ユヰ͡ も͡ ゅ∠よへ ͡￢ゅ∠ヨ∇シ∠ぺ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇シほ∠よ͡ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わミ͡ や∠グワ∠ » ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ キ⊥ や∠ゴΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∩∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ カ ͡ へ ヴヤ∠ハ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ∇ィぺ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡も͡ ゅ∠らホ∠ ヱ∠ «や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゾ ⊥ ボ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ (This is t he book of t he people of Hell, cont aining t heir names and t he names of t heir fat hers and t ribes, all of t hem are det ailed down t o t he last one of t hem, and not hing will be added or t aken away from it .) The Companions of t he Messenger of Allah said, "Why should we st rive if it is somet hing t hat is already cut and dried'' The Messenger of Allah said:

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ユ⊥ わ∠ ∇ガΑ⊥ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ やヲ⊥よケ͡ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ やヱ⊥キギあ シ ∠» ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩∃モヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヵ ｚ ぺ∠ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ͡ ヨ∠ バ∠ よ͡ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ͡ ヨ∠ バ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ユ⊥ わ∠ ∇ガΑ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ∠ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タ «モ∠ヨハ ∠ ヵ ｚ ぺ∠ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ (St rive wit h your deeds as hard as you can for middle course or close t o it , for t he person who is dest ined for Paradise will die doing t he deeds of t he people of Paradise, regardless of what he did before, and t he person who is dest ined for Hell will die doing t he deeds of t he people of Hell, regardless of what he did before.) Then he made a gest ure wit h his fist and said,

«キゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ パ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ » (Your Lord has set t led t he mat t er of His servant s) and he opened his right hand as if t hrowing somet hing;

«るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ» (A part y in Paradise.) and he made a similar gest ure wit h his left hand;

«ゲΒ͡バジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ» (And a part y in t he blazing Fire.)'' This was also recorded by At -Tirmidhi, and An-Nasa'i; At Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih Gharib.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Nadrah said, "One of t he Companions of t he Prophet , whose name was Abu Abdullah, was visit ed by some of his friends,

and t hey found him weeping. They asked him, ` What has caused you t o weep Didn't t he Messenger of Allah say t o you,

«ヶ͡ルゅ∠ボ∇ヤゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ロ⊥ ゲｚ ホ͡ ぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ マ ∠ よ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠セ ∇リョ͡ ∇グカ ⊥» (Trim your moust ache and adhere t o t hat pract ice unt il you meet me)' He said, ` Yes, but I heard t he Messenger of Allah say;

ギ͡ Β∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ヱ∠ る⇔ ツ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ͡ レ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ ヂ ∠ ら∠ ホ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» «ヶ͡ャゅ∠よぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩͡ログ͡ ヰ͡ャ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ヱ ∩͡ログ͡ ヰ͡ャ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩ン∠ゲ∇カほ⊥∇ャや (Allah picked up a handful in His Right Hand and anot her in His ot her Hand, and said, "This is for t his and t his is for t his, and I do not care.'') ` And I do not know in which of t he t wo handfuls I am.''' There are several Hadit hs about Al-Qadr (t he Divine Decree) in t he books of Sahih, Sunan and Musnad. Including t hose narrat ed by ` Ali, Ibn Mas` ud, ` A'ishah and a large number of Companions, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem all.

び⇔りギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And if Allah had willed, He could have made t hem one nat ion,) means, eit her all following guidance or all following misguidance, but He made t hem all different , and He guides whomsoever He wills t o t he t rut h and He sends ast ray whomsoever He wills, and He has complet e wisdom and perfect proof. Allah says:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヴ͡プ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ モ ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ び∃ゲΒ͡ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ｙ ャ͡ヱ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ (but He admit s whom He wills t o His mercy. And t he wrongdoers will have neit her a prot ect or nor a helper.)

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ ぁ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャゅ∠プ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚや ュ͡ ぺ∠ぴ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇ムエ ⊥ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゲ⊥ デ ͡ ゅ∠プ - ょ ⊥ Β͡ルぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴあよケ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ィ∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ムャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ

∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んヨ͡ ミ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ ケ∠ ∇グΑ∠ ゅ⇔ィヱ∇コぺ∠ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘや れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ギ⊥ Β͡ヤ⇒∠ボョ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ - ゲ⊥ Β͡ダら∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ケ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ベ ∠ ∇コゲあ ャや テ ⊥ジ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ (9. Or have t hey t aken prot ect ing friends besides Him But Allah --- He Alone is t he prot ect or. And He Who gives life t o t he dead, and He is Able t o do all t hings.) (10. And in what soever you differ, t he decision t hereof is wit h Allah. Such is Allah, my Lord in Whom I put my t rust , and t o Him I t urn in repent ance.) (11. The Creat or of t he heavens and t he eart h. He has made for you mat es from yourselves, and for t he cat t le (also) mat es. By t his means He creat es you. There is not hing like Him, and He is t he All-Hearer, t he All-Seer.) (12. To Him belong t he keys of t he heavens and t he eart h. He enlarges provision for whom He wills, and st rait ens. Verily, He is t he All-Knower of everyt hing.)

Allah is the Protector, Ruler and Creator Here Allah denounces t he idolat ors for t aking ot her gods inst ead of Allah, and declares t hat He is t he True God, and it is not right t o worship anyone except Him Alone. He is t he One Who is able t o bring t he dead back t o life and He is Able t o do all t hings. Then He says:

び͡ヮヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇ムエ ⊥ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And in what soever you differ, t he decision t hereof is wit h Allah.) means, in what ever issue you differ. This is general in meaning and applies t o all t hings.

び͡ヮヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇ムエ ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (t he decision t hereof is wit h Allah.) means, He is t he Judge of t hat , according t o His Book and t he Sunnah of His Prophet . This is like t he Ayah:

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ ヱぁキゲ⊥ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ハコ∠ ゅ∠レゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ び͡メヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ((And) if you differ in anyt hing amongst yourselves, refer it t o Allah and His Messenger) (4:59).

びヴあよケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ

(Such is Allah, my Lord) means, (He is) t he Judge of all t hings.

び⊥ょΒ͡ルぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ぴ (in Whom I put my t rust , and t o Him I t urn in repent ance. ) means, ` I refer all mat t ers t o Him.'

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゲ∠ デ ͡ ゅ∠プぴ (The Creat or of t he heavens and t he eart h.) means, t he Maker of t hem bot h and everyt hing in bet ween.

びゅ⇔ィや∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ぴ (He has made for you mat es from yourselves,) means, of your own kind. As a blessing and a favor from Him, He has made your kind male and female.

び⇔ゅィヱ∇コぺ∠ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and for t he cat t le (also) mat es.) means, and He has creat ed for you eight pairs of cat t le.

びヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ ケ∠ ∇グΑ∠ ぴ (By t his means He creat es you.) means, in t his manner He creat es you, male and female, generat ion aft er generat ion of men and cat t le.

び∀￢∇ヴセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んヨ͡ ミ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ (There is not hing like Him,) means, t here is not hing like t he Creat or of t hese pairs, for He is t he Unique, t he Self-Sufficient Mast er, Who has no peer or equal.

び⊥ゲΒ͡ダら∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (He is t he All-Hearer, t he All-Seer.)

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ギ⊥ Β͡ヤ⇒∠ボョ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (To Him belong t he keys of t he heavens and t he eart h. ) We have already discussed t he int erpret at ion of t his phrase in Surat Az-Zumar (39:63), t he conclusion of which is t hat He is t he One Who is cont rolling and governing t hem.

び⊥ケギ͡ ボ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ベ ∠ ∇コゲあ ャや テ ⊥ジ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ぴ (He expands provision for whom He wills, and st rait ens.) means, He gives plent iful provision t o whomsoever He wills and He reduces it for whomsoever He wills, and He is perfect ly Wise and Just .

び∀ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, He is t he All-Knower of everyt hing.)

ン͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ル ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴｚタヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ͡ Α͡ギャ͡や リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ネ ∠ ゲ∠ セ ∠ぴ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βタ ｚ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∠ ら⊥ ミ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Αあギャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡らわ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ょ ⊥ Β͡レΑ⊥ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ⇔Β∇ピよ∠ ユ⊥ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ͡ ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ボ⊥ ャｚ ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ∇ろボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ マ ｙセ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥をケ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ びょ ∃ Α͡ゲョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ (13. He (Allah) has ordained for you t he same religion which He ordained for Nuh, and t hat which We have revealed t o you, and t hat which We ordained for Ibrahim, Musa and ` Isa saying you should est ablish religion and make no divisions in it . Int olerable for t he idolat ors is t hat t o which you call t hem. Allah chooses for Himself whom He wills, and guides unt o Himself who t urns t o Him in repent ance.) (14. And t hey divided not t ill aft er knowledge had come t o t hem, t hrough t ransgression bet ween t hemselves. And had it not been for a Word t hat went fort h before from your Lord for an appoint ed t erm, t he mat t er would have been set t led bet ween t hem. And verily, t hose who were made t o inherit t he Script ure aft er t hem, are in grave doubt concerning it .)

The Religion of the Messengers is One

Allah says t o t his Ummah:

ン͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ル ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴｚタヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ͡ Α͡ギャ͡や リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ネ ∠ ゲ∠ セ ∠ぴ び∠マ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ (He (Allah) has ordained for you t he same religion which He ordained for Nuh, and t hat which We have revealed t o you,) Allah ment ions t he first Messenger who was sent aft er Adam, t hat is, Nuh, peace be upon t hem, and t he last of t hem is Muhammad . Then He ment ions t hose who came in bet ween t hem who were t he Messengers of st rong will, namely Ibrahim, Musa and ` Isa bin Maryam. This Ayah ment ions all five, j ust as t hey are also ment ioned in t he Ayah in Surat Al-Ahzab, where Allah says:

ゥ ∃ ヲぁル リ͡ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ∠ ゅ∠んΒ͡ョ リ ∠ ∇ΒΒあ ら͡ レｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∠ユΑ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ͡ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ヱ∠ (And (remember) when We t ook from t he Prophet s t heir covenant , and from you, and from Nuh, Ibrahim, Musa, and ` Isa son of Maryam.) (33:7). The Message which all t he Messengers brought was t o worship Allah Alone, wit h no part ner or associat e, as Allah says:

ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥ル Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ (And We did not send any Messenger before you but We revealed t o him (saying): None has t he right t o be worshipped but I, so worship Me.) (21:25). And according t o a Hadit h (t he Prophet said):

«ギ͡ェや∠ヱ ゅ∠レレ⊥ Α͡キ ∩∃れゅｚヤハ ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ » (We Prophet s are brot hers and our religion is one.) In ot her words, t he common bond bet ween t hem is t hat Allah Alone is t o be worshipped, wit h no part ner or associat e, even t hough t heir laws and ways may differ, as Allah says.

び⇔ゅイ⇒∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ハ ∠ ∇ゲセ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ｙモム⊥ ャ͡ぴ (To each among you, We have prescribed a law and a clear way) (5:48). Allah says here:

び͡ヮΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Αあギャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ぴ

(saying you should est ablish religion and make no divisions in it .) meaning, Allah enj oined all t he Prophet s (peace and blessings of Allah be upon t hem all) t o be as one and He forbade t hem t o differ and be divided. t

び͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ∠ ら⊥ ミ∠ ぴ (Int olerable for t he idolat ors is t hat t o which you call t hem.) means, ` it is t oo much for t hem t o bear, and t hey hat e t hat t o which you call t hem, O Muhammad, i.e., Tawhid.'

び⊥ょΒ͡レΑ⊥ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡らわ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (Allah chooses for Himself whom He wills, and guides unt o Himself who t urns t o Him in repent ance.) means, He is t he One Who decrees guidance for t hose who deserve it , and decrees misguidance for t hose who prefer it t o t he right pat h. Allah says here;

び⊥ユ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バら∠ レ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや∇やヲ⊥ホゲｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey divided not t ill aft er knowledge had come t o t hem,) means, t heir opposit ion t o t he t rut h arose aft er it had come t o t hem and proof had been est ablished against t hem. Not hing made t hem resist in t his manner except t heir t ransgression and st ubbornness.

びヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ∇ろボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And had it not been for a Word t hat went fort h before from your Lord for an appoint ed t erm,) means, were it not for t he fact t hat Allah had already decreed t hat He would delay t he reckoning of His servant s unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, t he punishment would have been hast ened for t hem in t his world.

び∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥をケ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, t hose who were made t o inherit t he Script ure aft er t hem,) means, t he lat er generat ion which came aft er t he earlier generat ion which had rej ect ed t he t rut h.

び∃ょΑ͡ゲョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ マ ｙセ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ぴ (are in grave doubt concerning it . ) means, t hey do not have any firm convict ion in mat t ers of religion; t hey merely imit at e t heir forefat hers, wit hout any evidence or proof. So t hey are very confused and doubt ful.

∇ノら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ れ ∠ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ べ∠ヨ∠ミ ∇ユボ͡ わ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ネ ⊥ ∇キゅ∠プ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ぴ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ろ ⊥ レ∠ョや∠￢ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠

ゅ∠レヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ べレ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ メ ∠ ギ͡ ∇ハΙ ６ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ る∠ イ ｚェ ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ (15. So unt o t his t hen invit e (people), and st and firm as you are commanded, and follow not t heir desires but say: "I believe in what soever Allah has sent down of t he Book and I am commanded t o do j ust ice among you. Allah is our Lord and your Lord. For us our deeds and for you your deeds. There is no disput e bet ween us and you. Allah will assemble us (all), and t o Him is t he final ret urn.'')

This Ayah includes ten separate and independent ideas, each of which is a ruling on its own. They (t he scholars) said t hat t here is not hing else like it in t he Qur'an, apart from Ayat Al-Kursi ぴ2:255び, which also includes t en ideas.

び⊥ネ∇キゅ∠プ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ぴ (So unt o t his t hen invit e (people),) means, ` so call people t o t his which We have revealed t o you and which We enj oined upon all t he Prophet s before you,' t he Prophet s of maj or ways ぴof Shari` ahび t hat were followed, such as t he Messengers of st rong will, and ot hers.

び∠れ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ べ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユボ͡ わ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ (and st and firm as you are commanded, ) means, ` adhere firmly, you and t hose who follow you, t o t he worship of Allah as He has commanded you.'

び∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ノら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and follow not t heir desires) means, t he desires of t he idolat ors, in t he falsehoods t hat t hey have invent ed and fabricat ed by worshipping idols.

び∃ょ⇒∠わミ͡ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ろ ⊥ レ∠ョや∠￢ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (but say: "I believe in what soever Allah has sent down of t he Book...'') means, ` I believe in all t he Books t hat have been revealed from heaven t o t he Prophet s; we do not different iat e bet ween any of t hem.'

び⊥ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ メ ∠ ギ͡ ∇ハΙ ６ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ

(and I am commanded t o do j ust ice among you.) means, when j udging according t o t he commands of Allah.

び∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (Allah is our Lord and your Lord.) means, ` He is t he One Who is t o be worshipped, and t here is no t rue God but He. We affirm t his willingly, and even t hough you do not do so willingly, everyone in t he universe prost rat es t o Him obedient ly and willingly.'

び∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ べ∠レャ∠ぴ (For us our deeds and for you your deeds.) means, ` we have not hing t o do wit h you. ' This is like t he Ayah:

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∠ヨ∠ハ ヴあャ モ⊥ボプ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ べｚヨョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゃΑ͡ゲよ∠ (And if t hey demy you, say: "For me are my deeds and for you are your deeds! You are innocent of what I do, and I am innocent of what you do!'') (10:41)

び⊥ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ る∠ イ ｚェ ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (There is no disput e bet ween us and you.) Muj ahid said, "This means, no argument .'' As-Suddi said, "This was before Ayah of t he sword was revealed.'' This fit s t he cont ext , because t his Ayah was revealed in Makkah, and Ayah of t he sword ぴ22:39-40び was revealed aft er t he Hij rah.

びゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (Allah will assemble us (all),) means, on t he Day of Resurrect ion. This is like t he Ayah:

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ウ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゥ ⊥ ゅｚわヘ∠ ∇ャや (Say: "Our Lord will assemble us all t oget her, t hen He will j udge bet ween us wit h t rut h. And He is t he Just Judge, t he All-Knower of t he t rue st at e of affairs.'') (34:26).

び⊥ゲΒ͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t o Him is t he final ret urn.) means, t he final ret urn on t he Day of Reckoning.

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ∠ Β͡イわ⊥ シ ∠ や ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲぁィべ∠エΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ょ ∀ ツ ∠ ビ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ る∀ ツ ∠ ェ ͡ や∠キ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ｚイェ ⊥ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや - ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠セ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ - ∀ょΑ͡ゲ∠ホ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや モ ｚ バ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ Α͡ケ∇ギΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰよ͡ モ ⊥イ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ び ギ∃ Β͡バよ∠ モ ∠ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ヴ∠プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケゅ∠ヨΑ⊥ (16. And t hose who disput e concerning Allah, aft er it has been accept ed, of no use is t heir disput e before t heir Lord and on t hem is wrat h, and for t hem will be a severe t orment .) (17. It is Allah Who has sent down t he Book in t rut h, and t he Balance. And what can make you know t hat perhaps t he Hour is close at hand) (18. Those who believe not t herein seek t o hast en it , while t hose who believe are fearful of it , and know t hat it is t he very t rut h. Verily, t hose who disput e concerning t he Hour are cert ainly in error far away.)

A Warning to Those Who dispute concerning Matters of Religion Here Allah warns t hose who t ry t o hinder t hose who believe in Allah, from following His pat h.

ょ ∠ Β͡イわ⊥ シ ∠ や ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲぁィべ∠エΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び⊥ヮャ∠ (And t hose who disput e concerning Allah, aft er it has been accept ed,) means, t hose who disput e wit h t he believers who have responded t o Allah and His Messenger, and t ry t o st op t hem from following t he pat h of guidance.

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ る∀ ツ ∠ ェ ͡ や∠キ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ｚイェ ⊥ぴ (no use is t heir disput e before t heir Lord) means, it is fut ile before Allah.

び∀ょツ ∠ ビ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and on t hem is wrat h,) means, from Him.

び∀ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and for t hem will be a severe t orment .) means, on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, and Muj ahid said, "They disput ed wit h t he believers aft er t hey responded t o Allah and His Messenger, and t ried t o prevent t hem from following t he pat h of guidance, hoping t hat t hey would ret urn t o Jahiliyyah.'' Qat adah said, "These were t he Jews and Christ ians who said t o t hem, ` Our religion is bet t er t han your religion, our Prophet came before your Prophet , and we are bet t er t han you and closer t o Allah t han you. ''' This was not hing but lies. Then Allah says:

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (It is Allah Who has sent down t he Book in t rut h,) referring t o all t he Books which were revealed from Him t o His Prophet s.

び∠ラや∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and t he Balance.) means, j ust ice and fairness. This was t he view of Muj ahid and Qat adah. This is like t he Ayat :

ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ び͡テ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ュ∠ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ (Indeed We have sent Our Messengers wit h clear proofs, and revealed wit h t hem t he Script ure and t he Balance t hat mankind may keep up j ust ice) (57:25).

∇や∇ヲピ∠ ∇トゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ノ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠バ∠プ∠ケ ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ∇コヲ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ͡ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ヴ͡プ びラ ∠ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ (And t he heaven He has raised high, and He has set up t he Balance. In order t hat you may not t ransgress (due) balance. And observe t he weight wit h equit y and do not make t he balance deficient .)(55:7-9)

び∀ょΑ͡ゲホ∠ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや モ ｚ バ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ Α͡ケ∇ギΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And what can make you know t hat perhaps t he Hour is close at hand) This is encouragement (t o st rive) for it s sake, a t errifying warning, and advice t o t hink lit t le of t his world.

びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰよ͡ モ ⊥イ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ぴ (Those who believe not t herein seek t o hast en it ,) means, t hey say, ` when will t his promise be fulfilled, if you are t elling t he t rut h' But t hey say t his by way of disbelief and st ubbornness, t hinking t hat it is unlikely t o happen.

びゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ∇やヲレ⊥ ョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (while t hose who believe are fearful of it ) means, t hey are afraid of it happening.

びぁペエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and know t hat it is t he very t rut h.) means, t hat it will undoubt edly come t o pass, so t hey prepare t hemselves for it and st rive for it s sake. It was report ed t hrough various chains of narrat ion, a number reaching t he level of being Mut awat ir, in Sahih and Hasan narrat ions, in t he Books of Sunan and Musnad. According t o some versions, a man addressed t he Messenger of Allah in a loud voice, when he was on one of his j ourneys, calling out t o him, "O Muhammad!'' The Messenger of Allah replied in a similar manner, "Here I am!'' The man said, "When will t he Hour come'' The Messenger of Allah said,

«∨ゅ∠ヰャ∠ れ ∠ ∇キギ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ る∀ レ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ マ ∠エ ∠ ∇Αヱ∠ » (Woe t o you! It will most cert ainly come. What have you done t o prepare for it ) He said, "Love for Allah and His Messenger.'' He said:

«ろ∇ら∠ら∇ェ∠ぺ ∇リョ∠ ノ∠ ョ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠» (You will be wit h t hose whom you love.) According t o anot her Hadit h:

«ょ∠ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ノ∠ ョ∠ ￢⊥ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや» ("A man will be wit h t hose whom he loves.) This is Mut awat ir beyond a doubt . The point is t hat he did not answer his quest ion about when t he Hour would happen, but he commanded him t o prepare for it .

び͡るハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ヴ∠プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケゅ∠ヨΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Verily, t hose who disput e concerning t he Hour) means, who disput e whet her it will happen and t hink it is unlikely ever t o come,

び∃ギΒ͡バよ∠ モ ∠ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ぴ

(are cert ainly in error far away.) means, t hey are clearly ignorant , because t he One Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h is even more able t o give life t o t he dead, as Allah says:

ラ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ぺ⊥ギ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (And He it is Who originat es t he creat ion, t hen He will repeat it ; and t his is easier for Him) (30:27).

ン ぁ ヲ͡ ボ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ベ ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ∀ブΒ͡ト∠ャ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇キゴ͡ ル∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやゐ ∠ ∇ゲェ ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ - ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゐ ∠ ∇ゲェ ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ を͡ ∇ゲェ ∠ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - ょ ∃ Β͡ダルｚ リ͡ョ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ∠ク∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ͡ Αあギャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハゲ∠ セ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ボ⊥ ャ∠ モ ͡ ∇ダヘ∠ ∇ャや る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ン∠ゲゎ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ∀ノ͡ホや∠ヱ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ッ∇ヱケ∠ ヴ͡プ び ゲ⊥ Β͡らム∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ (19. Allah is very Gracious and Kind t o His servant s. He gives provisions t o whom He wills. And He is t he All-St rong, t he Almight y.) (20. Whosoever desires t he reward of t he Hereaft er, We give him increase in his reward, and whosoever desires t he reward of t his world, We give him t hereof, and he has no port ion in t he Hereaft er.) (21. Or have t hey part ners wit h Allah who have inst it ut ed for t hem a religion which Allah has not ordained And had it not been for a decisive Word, t he mat t er would have been j udged bet ween t hem. And verily, for t he wrongdoers t here is a painful t orment .) (22. You will see t he wrongdoers fearful of t hat which t hey have earned, and it will surely befall t hem. But t hose who believe and do right eous deeds (will be) in t he flowering meadows of t he Gardens. They shall have what soever t hey desire wit h t heir Lord. That is t he supreme grace.)

The Provision of Allah in this World and the Hereafter Here Allah speaks of His kindness t owards His creat ion, in t hat He provides for every last one of t hem and does not forget anyone. When it comes t o His provision, t he right eous and t he sinner are alike. Allah says:

ゅ∠ヰホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ゅ∠ヰハ ∠ キ∠ ∇ヲわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワゲｚ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ び (And no moving creat ure is t here on t he eart h but it s provision is due from Allah. And He knows it s dwelling place and it s deposit . All is in a Clear Book.) (11:6) And t here are many similar Ayat .

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ベ ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ぴ (He gives provisions t o whom He wills.) means, He gives generously t o whomsoever He wills.

び⊥ゴΑ͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ン ぁ ヲ͡ ボ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He is t he All-St rong, t he Almight y.) means, t here is not hing t hat can overpower Him. Then Allah says:

び͡りゲ∠ カ ͡ ｘΙや ゐ ∠ ∇ゲェ ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョぴ (Whosoever desires t he reward of t he Hereaft er,) means, whoever does t hings for t he sake of t he Hereaft er,

び͡ヮを͡ ∇ゲェ ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇キゴ͡ ル∠ ぴ (We give him increase in his reward, ) meaning, ` We will give him st rengt h and help him t o do what he want s t o do, and We will increase it for him. So for every good, We will mult iply it and give him bet ween t en and seven hundred good rewards,' as much as Allah wills.

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゐ ∠ ∇ゲェ ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∃ょΒ͡ダルｚ リ͡ョ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ (and whosoever desires t he reward of t his world, We give him t hereof, and he has no port ion in t he Hereaft er.) means, whoever st rives for t he purpose of worldly gains, and never pays any

heed t o t he Hereaft er at all, Allah will deny him t he Hereaft er; and in t his world, if He wills He will give t o him and if He does not will, he will gain neit her. So t he one who st rives wit h t his int ent ion in mind will have t he worst deal in t his world and in t he Hereaft er. The evidence for t hat is t he fact t hat t his Ayah is reinforced by t he passage in Subhan (i.e., Surat Al-Isra') in which Allah says: y

￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤイ ｚハ ∠ る∠ ヤ∠イ ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リｚョぴ ゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ョ∇グ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ヤ∇ダΑ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲルぁ リ∠ヨャ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ∠ ∇バシ ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ヴ∠バシ ∠ ヱ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ケヲ⊥ェ∇ギョｚ ６Κミ⊥ - や⇔ケヲ⊥ム∇ゼョｚ ユ⊥ヰΒ⊥ ∇バシ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ほプ∠ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ べ∠トハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ギぁ ヨ͡ ルぁ ゅ∠レ∇ヤツ ｚ プ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルや - や⇔ケヲ⊥ヌ∇エョ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠トハ ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Κ ｘ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ツ∇ヘゎ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ (Whoever desires t he quick-passing, We readily grant him what We will for whom We like. Then, aft erwards, We have appoint ed for him Hell; he will (ent er) burn t herein disgraced and rej ect ed. And whoever desires t he Hereaft er and st rives for it , wit h t he necessary effort due for it while he is a believer -- t hen such are t he ones whose st riving shall be appreciat ed. On each -- t hese as well as t hose -- We best ow from t he bount ies of your Lord. And t he bount ies of your Lord can never be forbidden. See how We prefer one above anot her (in t his world), and verily, t he Hereaft er will be great er in degrees and great er in preferment .) (17:18-21) It was report ed t hat Ubayy bin Ka` b, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ゲ͡ ∇ダレｚ ャや∠ヱ る͡ バ∠ ∇プゲあ ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ ゅ∠レジ ｚ ャゅ͡よ る∠ ョｚ ほ⊥∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ ∇ゲゼ あ よ∠ » モ ∠ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヶ͡プ リ ͡ Β͡ム∇ヨわｚ ャや∠ヱ «ょΒ͡ダル∠ ∇リョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡ ゅ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∩ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ヤ͡ャ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡ ゅ∇ャや (Give t he glad t idings t o t his Ummah of sublimit y, high st at us, vict ory and power in t he land. But whoever among t hem does t he deeds of t he Hereaft er for t he sake of worldly gain, will have no port ion of t he Hereaft er.)''

Making Legislation for the Creatures is Shirk Allah says:

ラ∠ク∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ͡ Αあギャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハゲ∠ セ ∠ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ び⊥ヮヤｚャや ヮ͡ よ͡ (Or have t hey part ners wit h Allah who have inst it ut ed for t hem a religion which Allah has not ordained) means, t hey do not follow what Allah has ordained for you of upright religion; on t he cont rary, t hey follow what t heir devils (Shayat in), of men and Jinn, have prescribed for t hem. They inst it ut ed t aboos, such as t he Bahirah, Sa'ibah, Wasilah or Ham. They also permit t ed eat ing flesh and blood of animals not slaught ered for consumpt ion, gambling and ot her kinds of misguidance, ignorance and falsehood. These are t hings t hat t hey invent ed during Jahiliyyah, when t hey came up wit h all kinds of false rulings on what was permit t ed and what was forbidden, and false rit es of worship and ot her corrupt ideas. It was recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ら∠ ∇ダホ⊥ ぁゲイ ⊥ Α∠ る∠ バ∠ ヨ∠ ホ∠ リ ͡ ∇よ あヶエ ∠ ャ⊥ リ ∠ ∇よ ヱ∠ゲ∇ヨハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ » «ケゅｚレャや (I saw ` Amr bin Luhayy bin Qama` ah dragging his int est ines in Hell) -- because he had been t he first one t o int roduce t he idea of t he Sa'ibah. This man was one of t he kings of t he Khuza` ah t ribe, and he was t he first one t o do t hese t hings. He was t he one who had made t he Quraysh worship idols, may t he curse of Allah be upon him. Allah said:

び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ボ⊥ ャ∠ モ ͡ ∇ダヘ∠ ∇ャや る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And had it not been for a decisive Word, t he mat t er would have been j udged bet ween t hem.) means, t he punishment would have been hast ened for t hem, were it not for t he fact t hat it had already been decreed t hat it would be delayed unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion.

び∀ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ∀ゆや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, for t he wrongdoers t here is a painful t orment .) i.e., an agonizing t orment in Hell, what a t errible dest inat ion.

The Terror of the Idolators in the Place of Gathering

び∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ン∠ゲゎ∠ ぴ (You will see t he wrongdoers fearful of t hat which t hey have earned,) means, in t he arena of Resurrect ion.

び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ∀ノ͡ホや∠ヱ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and it will surely befall t hem.) means, t he t hing t hat t hey fear will undoubt edly happen t o t hem. This is how t hey will be on t he Day of Resurrect ion; t hey will be in a st at e of ut t er fear and t error.

ろ ͡ ⇒∠ッ∇ヱケ∠ ヴ͡プ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや (But t hose who believe and do right eous deeds (will be) in t he flowering meadows of t he Gardens. They shall have what soever t hey desire wit h t heir Lord.) What comparison can t here be bet ween t he former and t he lat t er How can t he one who will be in t he arena of resurrect ion in a st at e of humiliat ion and fear, deserving it for his wrongdoing, be compared wit h t he one who will be in t he gardens of Paradise, enj oying what ever he want s of food, drink, clot hing, dwellings, scenery, spouses and ot her delight s such as no eye has seen, no ear has heard, and has never crossed t he minds of men. Allah says:

び⊥ゲΒ͡らム∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That is t he supreme grace.) means, t he ult imat e vict ory and complet e blessing.

∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ロ⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ⊥ あゼら∠ Α⊥ ン͡グャｚや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ り∠ キｚ ヲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠∇シぺ∠ Ι ｚ モ⊥ホ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ゅ⇔レ∇ジェ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇キゴ͡ ルｚ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∇フゲ͡ わ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - ∀ケヲ⊥ム∠セ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ウ ⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユわ͡ ∇ガΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや み͡ゼ ∠ Α∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ゅ⇔よ͡グミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや れ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ペ ぁエ ͡ Α⊥ ヱ∠ モ ∠ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや び ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや (23. That is whereof Allah gives glad t idings t o His servant s who believe and do right eous good deeds. Say: "No reward do I ask of you for t his except t o be kind t o me for my kinship wit h you.'' And whoever earns a good right eous deed, We shall give him an increase of good in respect t hereof. Verily, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Ready t o appreciat e.) (24. Or say t hey: "He has invent ed a lie against Allah'' If Allah willed, He could have sealed up your heart . And Allah

wipes out falsehood, and est ablishes t he t rut h by His Word. Verily, He knows well what are in t he breast s.)

Good News of the Blessings of Paradise for the People of Faith Having ment ioned t he gardens of Paradise, Allah t hen says t o His servant s who believe and do right eous deeds:

∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ロ⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ⊥ あゼら∠ Α⊥ ン͡グャｚや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ び͡ろ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや (That is whereof Allah gives glad t idings t o His servant s who believe and do right eous good deeds.) meaning, t his will undoubt edly come t o t hem, because it is glad t idings from Allah t o t hem.

びヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ り∠ キｚ ヲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠∇シぺ∠ Ι ｚ モ⊥ホぴ (Say: "No reward do I ask of you for t his except t o be kind t o me for my kinship wit h you.'') means, ` say, O Muhammad, t o t hese idolat ors among t he disbeliever of Quraysh: I do not ask you for anyt hing in ret urn for t his message and sincere advice which I bring t o you. All I ask of you is t hat you wit hhold your evil from me and let me convey t he Messages of my Lord. If you will not help me, t hen do not dist urb me, for t he sake of t he t ies of kinship t hat exist bet ween you and I.' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, was asked about t he Ayah:

びヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ り∠ キｚ ヲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except t o be kind t o me for my kinship wit h you.) Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "To be kind t o t he family of Muhammad.'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "No, you have j umped t o a hast y conclusion. There was no clan among Quraysh t o whom t he Prophet did not have some t ies of kinship.'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "Except t hat you uphold t he t ies of kinship t hat exist bet ween me and you.'' This was recorded by Al-Bukhari. It was also recorded by Imam Ahmad wit h a different chain of narrat ion.

び⇔ゅレ∇ジェ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇キゴ͡ ルｚ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∇フゲ͡ わ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever earns a good right eous deed, We shall give him an increase of good in respect t hereof) means, ` whoever does a good deed, We will increase him in good for it , i.e., in reward.' This is like t he Ayah:

る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ マ ⊥ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ルギ⊥ ｚャ リ͡ョ れ ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヘバ͡ ⇒∠ツΑ⊥ (Surely, Allah wrongs not even of t he weight of a speck of dust , but if t here is any good, He doubles it , and gives from Him a great reward.) (4:40)

び∀ケヲ⊥ムセ ∠ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Ready t o appreciat e.) means, He forgives many bad deeds and increases a small amount of good deeds; He conceals and forgives sins and He mult iplies and increases t he reward of good deeds.

The Accusation that the Prophet fabricated the Qur'an -- and the Response to that Allah's saying;

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや み͡ゼ ∠ Α∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ゅ⇔よ͡グミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ び∠マら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユわ͡ ∇ガΑ∠ (Or say t hey: "He has invent ed a lie against Allah'' If Allah willed, He could have sealed up your heart .) means, ` if you had invent ed any lies against Him, as t hese ignorant people claim,'

び∠マら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユわ͡ ∇ガΑ∠ ぴ (He could have sealed up your heart .) means, ` and t hus caused you t o forget what had already come t o you of t he Qur'an.' This is like t he Ayah:

ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠Ε ∠ -モ ͡ Α͡ヱゅ∠ホΙ ｘやヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ヲｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ゎヲ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇バト ∠ ボ∠ ャ∠ ｚユを⊥ - リ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ びリ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ⇒∠ェ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ (And if he had forged a false saying concerning Us (Allah), We surely would have seized him by his right hand, and t hen We cert ainly would have cut off his life art ery, And none of you could have wit hheld Us from (punishing) him.) (69:44-47) which means, ` We would have wrought t he ut most vengeance upon him, and no one among mankind would have been able t o prot ect him.' And Allah said:

び͡ヮわ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ペ ぁエ ͡ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and est ablishes t he t rut h by His Word.) means, He est ablishes it and st rengt hens it and makes it clear by His Words, i.e., by His evidence and signs.

び͡ケヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, He knows well what are in t he breast s.) means, all t hat is hidden in t he heart s of men.

リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ る∠ よ∠ ∇ヲわｚ ャや モ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ⊥ Β͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リョあ ユ⊥ワギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや テ ∠ジ ∠ よ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠セ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや∠ヱ メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇や∇ヲピ∠ ら∠ ャ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ャ͡ ベ ∠ ∇コゲあ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ - ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ゲ⊥ Β͡らカ ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅｚョ ケ∃ ギ∠ ボ∠ よ͡ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ レ∠Αヱ∠ ∇やヲト ⊥ レ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゑ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ン͡グャｚや び ギ⊥ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ぁ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ (25. And He it is Who accept s repent ance from His servant s, and forgives sins, and He knows what you do.) (26. And He answers t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, and gives t hem increase of His bount y. And as for t he disbelievers, t heirs will be a severe t orment .) (27. And if Allah were t o ext end t he provision for His servant s, t hey would surely rebel in t he eart h, but He sends down by measure as He wills. Verily, He is, in respect of His servant s, t he WellAware, t he All-Seer.) (28. And He it is Who sends down t he rain aft er t hey have despaired, and spreads His mercy. And He is t he Wali, Wort hy of all praise.)

Allah accepts Repentance and responds to Supplications Here Allah reminds His servant s t hat He accept s repent ance. If t hey t urn t o Him and come back t o Him, t hen by His kindness and generosit y He forgives, overlooks and conceals (t heir sins), as He says:

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ユヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ギ͡ イ ͡ Α∠ (And whoever does evil or wrongs himself but aft erwards seeks Allah's forgiveness, he will find Allah Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (4:110) It was report ed in Sahih Muslim t hat Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ る͡ よ∠ ∇ヲわ∠ よ͡ ゅ⇔ェゲ∠ プ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ » ∇ろわ∠ ヤ∠ヘ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プ ∩∃りゅ∠ヤプ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠よ͡ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヤ∠ェ ͡ や∠ケ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヴ∠ゎほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ザ ∠ Α͡ ほ∠プ∠ ∩⊥ヮよ⊥ や∠ゲセ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∇レョ͡ ∩͡ヮわ͡ ヤ∠ェ ͡ や∠ケ ∇リョ͡ ザ ∠ Α͡ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰヤあニ ͡ ヶ͡プ ノ∠ イ ∠ト ∠ ∇ッゅ∠プ り⇔ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∩⊥ロギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ る⇔ ヨ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ホ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠クま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Βら∠ プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや :ゥ ͡ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャや り͡ ギｚ セ ͡ ∇リョ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ｚユを⊥ ∩ゅ∠ヰョ͡ ゅ∠トガ ͡ よ͡ «ゥ∠ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや り͡ ギｚ セ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ほ∠ト ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∩∠マよぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ (Allah is more pleased wit h t he repent ance of His servant t han anyone of you who loses his riding beast in a barren land, and it was carrying his food and drink; he despairs of ever finding it , so he comes t o a t ree and lies down in it s shade, having given up all hope of finding his riding beast ; t hen whilst he is t here like t hat , suddenly he sees it st anding near him, so he t akes hold of it s reins and because of his great j oy he says, "O Allah,You are my slave and I am Your Lord!'' -- i.e,. he makes a mist ake because of his great j oy. )'' A similar report was also narrat ed in t he Sahih from ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud, may Allah be pleased wit h him.

び͡ロキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ る∠ よ∠ ∇ヲわｚ ャや モ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He it is Who accept s repent ance from His servant s,) It was report ed t hat Az-Zuhri said, concerning t his Ayah, t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ヮ⊥ わ∠ ｚャゅ∠ッ ギ⊥ イ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ る͡ よ∠ ∇ヲわ∠ よ͡ ゅ⇔ェゲ∠ プ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ » «ズ∠トバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ Β͡プ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠わ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠ガΑ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ラ ͡ ゅ∠ムヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ

(Allah rej oices more over t he repent ance of His servant t han one of you feels when he finds his lost camel in a place where he had feared t hat he would die of t hirst .)'' Hammam bin Al-Harit h said, "Ibn Mas` ud was asked about a man who commit s immoral sins wit h a woman and t hen marries her. He said, ` There is not hing wrong wit h t hat ,' and recit ed:

び͡ロキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ る∠ よ∠ ∇ヲわｚ ャや モ ⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He it is Who accept s repent ance from His servant s).''

び͡ろ⇒∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇バ∠Α∠ヱぴ (and forgives sins,) means, He will accept repent ance in t he fut ure, and He forgives past sins.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He knows what you do. ) means, He knows all your deeds and act ions and words, yet He st ill accept s t he repent ance of t hose who repent t o Him.

び͡ろ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ⊥ Β͡イ∠わ∇ジ∠Α∠ヱぴ (And He answers t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds,) As-Suddi said, "This means, He responds t o t hem.'' This was also t he view of Ibn Jarir: "It means t hat He answers t heir supplicat ion for t hemselves, t heir companions and t heir brot hers.''

び͡ヮヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ワギ∠ Α͡ゴΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and gives t hem increase of His bount y.) means, He answers t heir supplicat ions and gives t hem more besides. Qat adah said, narrat ing from Ibrahim An-Nakha` i Al-Lakhmi about t he Ayah:

び͡ろ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ⊥ Β͡イ∠わ∇ジ∠Α∠ヱぴ (And He answers t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds,) -- (t his means) t hey int ercede for t heir brot hers; r

び͡ヮヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ワギ∠ Α͡ゴΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and gives t hem increase of His bount y.) -- (t his means) t hey int ercede for t heir brot hers' brot hers.

び∀ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや∠ヱぴ

(And as for t he disbelievers, t heirs will be a severe t orment .) -- having ment ioned t he believers and t he great reward t hat is t heirs, Allah t hen ment ions t he disbelievers and t he severe, painful, agonizing t orment t hat t hey will find wit h Him on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t he Day when t hey are brought t o account .

The Reason why Provision is not Increased

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇や∇ヲピ∠ ら∠ ャ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ャ͡ ベ ∠ ∇コゲあ ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや テ ∠ジ ∠ よ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And if Allah were t o ext end t he provision for His servant s, t hey would surely rebel in t he eart h,) means, ` if We gave t hem more provision t han t hey need, t his would make t hem rebel and t ransgress against one anot her in an arrogant and insolent manner.'

ゲ⊥ Β͡らカ ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅｚョ ケ∃ ギ∠ ボ∠ よ͡ メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ び∀ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ (but He sends down by measure as He wills. Verily, He is, in respect of His servant s, t he WellAware, t he All-Seer.) means, but He gives t hem provision according t o what is in t heir best int erest s, and He knows best about t hat . So He makes rich t hose who deserve t o be rich, and He makes poor t hose who deserve t o be poor.

び∇やヲ⊥トレ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゑ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He it is Who sends down t he rain aft er t hey have despaired,) means, aft er t he people have given up hope t hat rain will fall, He sends it down upon t hem at t heir t ime of need. This is like t he Ayah:

ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴｚ レ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ジヤ͡∇らヨ⊥ ャ∠ (And verily, before t hat (rain) -- j ust before it was sent down upon t hem -- t hey were in despair!) (30:49)

び⊥ヮわ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ レ∠Αヱ∠ ぴ (and spreads His mercy. ) means, He best ows it upon all t he people who live in t hat region. Qat adah said, "We were t old t hat a man said t o ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab, may Allah be pleased wit h him, ` O Commander of t he fait hful, no rain has come and t he people are in despair.' ` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, ` Rain will be sent upon you,' and he recit ed:

∇やヲ⊥トレ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゑ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び ギ⊥ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ぁ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ レ∠Αヱ∠ (And He it is Who sends down t he rain aft er t hey have despaired, and spreads His mercy. And He is t he Prot ect or, Wort hy of all praise).'' Meaning He is t he One Who is in cont rol of His creat ion, t aking care of what will benefit t hem in t his world and t he Hereaft er, and t he consequences of all His decrees and act ions are good, for which He is wort hy of all praise.

ゑ ｚ よ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ - ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ バ͡ ∇ヨィ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨら͡ プ∠ る∃ ら∠ Β͡ダョぁ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ∇バヨ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ - ゲ∃ Β͡んミ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ｙ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや び ゲ∃ Β͡ダル∠ (29. And among His Ayat is t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h, and what ever moving creat ures He has dispersed in t hem bot h. And He is Able t o assemble t hem whenever He wills.) (30. And what ever of misfort une befalls you, it is because of what your hands have earned. And He pardons much.) (31. And you cannot escape from Allah in t he eart h, and besides Allah you have neit her any prot ect or nor any helper.)

Among the Signs of Allah is the Creation of the Heavens and the Earth

び͡ヮわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And among His Ayat ) t he signs which point t o His great might and power,

びゅ∠ヨヰ͡ Β͡プ ゑ ｚ よ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ぴ (is t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h, and what ever moving creat ures He has dispersed in t hem bot h.) means, what ever He has creat ed in t hem, i.e., in t he heavens and t he eart h.

び∃るよｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョぴ (and what ever moving creat ures) t his includes t he angels, men, Jinn and all t he animals wit h t heir different shapes, colors, languages, nat ures, kinds and t ypes. He has dist ribut ed t hem t hroughout t he various regions of t he heavens and eart h.

び∠ヲワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He) means, yet despit e all t hat ,

び∀ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ バ͡ ∇ヨィ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (is Able t o assemble t hem whenever He wills.) means, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, He will gat her t he first and t he last of t hem, and bring all His creat ures t oget her in one place where t hey will all hear t he voice of t he caller and all of t hem will be seen clearly; t hen He will j udge bet ween t hem wit h j ust ice and t rut h.

The Cause of Misfortune is Sin

び∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨら͡ プ∠ る∃ ら∠ Β͡ダョぁ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And what ever of misfort une befalls you, it is because of what your hands have earned.) means, ` what ever disast ers happen t o you, O mankind, are because of sins t hat you have commit t ed in t he past .'

び∃ゲΒ͡んミ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇バ∠Α∠ヱぴ (And He pardons much.) means, of sins; ` He does not punish you for t hem, rat her He forgives you.'

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや グ⊥ カ ͡ や∠ぽΑ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∃るよｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ワゲ͡ ∇ヰニ ∠ (And if Allah were t o punish men for t hat which t hey earned, He would not leave a moving creat ure on t he surface of t he eart h) (35:45). According t o a Sahih Hadit h:

ょ ∃ ダ ∠ ル∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ Β͡ダΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゲ∠ ヘｚ ミ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ラ ∃ ゴ∠ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ユ∠ ワ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ょ ∃ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ «ゅ∠ヰミ⊥ ゅ∠ゼΑ⊥ る͡ ミ∠ ∇ヲゼ ｚ ャや ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∩⊥ロゅ∠Αゅ∠トカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ (By t he One in Whose Hand is my soul, no believer is st ricken wit h fat igue, exhaust ion, worry or grief, but Allah will forgive him for some of his sins t hereby -- even a t horn which pricks him.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Mu` awiyah bin Abi Sufyan, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah say:

ヮ͡ Α͡ク∇ぽΑ⊥ ロ͡ ギ͡ ジ ∠ィ ∠ ヶ͡プ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ Β͡ダΑ⊥ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» «ヮ͡ゎゅ∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゲ∠ ヘｚ ミ∠ ゅｚャま͡ (No physical harm befalls a believer, but Allah will expiat e for some of his sins because of it .)'' Imam Ahmad also recorded t hat ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

∩ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ ヘあ ム∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ∇れゲ∠ ん⊥ ミ∠ や∠クま͡» «ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ヘあ ム∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ ラ ͡ ゴ∠ エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ロ⊥ ゅ∠ヤわ∠ ∇よや (If a person commit s many sins and has not hing t hat will expiat e for t hem, Allah will t est him wit h some grief t hat will expiat e for t hem.)''

ラ͡ま - ユ͡ ⇒∠ヤ∇ハｘΙゅ∠ミ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ケ͡ や∠ヲイ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ｚ ま͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヰニ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ギ∠ ミ͡ や∠ヱケ∠ リ ∠ ∇ヤヤ∠∇ヌΒ∠ プ∠ ウ ∠ Αあゲャや リ ͡ ム͡ ∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ Α∠ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ボよ͡ ヲ⊥Α ∇ヱぺ∠ - ケ∃ ヲ⊥ムセ ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚらタ ∠ モ あ ム⊥ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΙ ∂ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ - ゲ∃ Β͡んミ∠ リ∠ハ ブ ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ びゾ ∃ Β͡エョｚ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ (32. And among His signs are t he ships in t he sea like mount ains.) (33. If He wills, He causes t he wind t o cease, t hen t hey would become mot ionless on t he surface (of t he sea). Verily, in t his are signs for everyone pat ient and grat eful.) (34. Or He may dest roy t hem because of t hat which t heir (people) have earned. And He pardons much.) (35. And t hose who disput e as regards Our Ayat may know t hat t here is no place of refuge for t hem.)

Ships are also among the Signs of Allah Allah t ells us t hat anot her sign of His great power and dominion is t he fact t hat He has subj ugat ed t he sea so t hat ships may sail in it by His command, so t hey sail in t he sea like mount ains. This was t he view of Muj ahid, Al-Hasan, As-Suddi and Ad-Dahhak. In ot her words, t hese ships on t he sea are like mount ains on land.

び∠ウΑあゲャや リ ͡ ム͡ ∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まぴ (If He wills, He causes t he wind t o cease,) means, t he winds t hat cause t he ships t o t ravel on t he sea. If He willed, He could cause t he winds t o cease, t hen t he ships would not move and would remain st ill, neit her coming nor going, st aying where t hey are on t he surface of t he wat er.

び∃ケゅｚらタ ∠ モ あ ム⊥ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in t his are signs for everyone pat ient ) means, who is pat ient in t he face of adversit y

び∃ケヲ⊥ムセ ∠ぴ (and grat eful.) means, in t he fact t hat Allah has subj ugat ed t he sea and He sends as much wind as t hey need in order t o t ravel, t here are signs of His blessings t o His creat ion for everyone who is pat ient , i.e., at t imes of difficult y, and grat eful, i.e., at t imes of ease.

びやヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ボよ͡ ヲ⊥Α ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or He may dest roy t hem because of t hat which t heir (people) have earned. ) means, if He wills, He may dest roy t he ships and drown t hem, because of t he sins of t he people on board.

び∃ゲΒ͡んミ∠ リ∠ハ ブ ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He pardons much.) means, of t heir sins; if He were t o punish t hem for all of t heir sins, He would dest roy everyone who sails on t he sea. Some of t he scholars int erpret ed t he Ayah

びやヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ボよ͡ ヲ⊥Α ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or He may dest roy t hem because of t hat which t heir (people) have earned.) as meaning, if He willed, He could send t he wind t o blow fiercely so t hat it would t ake t he ships and divert t hem from t heir courses, driving t hem t o t he right or t he left , so t hat t hey would be lost and would not be able t o follow t heir int ended pat h. This int erpret at ion also includes t he idea of t heir being dest royed. This also fit s t he first meaning, which is t hat if Allah willed, He could cause t he wind t o cease, in which case t he ships would st op moving, or He could make t he wind fierce, in which case t he ships would be lost and dest royed. But by His grace and mercy, He

sends t he wind according t o t heir needs, j ust as He sends rain t hat is sufficient . If He sent t oo much rain, it would dest roy t heir houses, and if He sent t oo lit t le, t heir crops and fruit s would not grow. In t he case of lands such as Egypt , He sends wat er from anot her land, because t hey do not need rain; if rain were t o fall upon t hem, it would dest roy t heir houses and cause walls t o collapse.

リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゾ ∃ Β͡エョｚ (And t hose who disput e as regards Our Ayat may know t hat t here is no place of refuge for t hem. ) means, t hey have no means of escape from Our t orment and vengeance, for t hey are subdued by Our power.

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ⇒∠わヨ∠ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ヴ∠ボ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ユ͡ ∇をΗ ͡ や ゲ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠らミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇イΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ら͡ツ∠ビ ゅ∠ョ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ズ ∠ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ン∠ケヲ⊥セ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ び ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ダ∠わレ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヴ ⊥ ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや (36. So what ever you have been given is but (a passing) enj oyment for t his worldly life, but t hat which is wit h Allah is bet t er and more last ing for t hose who believe and put t heir t rust in t heir Lord.) (37. And t hose who shun t he great er sins, and Al-Fawahish, and when t hey are angry, t hey forgive.) (38. And t hose who answer t he Call of t heir Lord, and perform t he Salah, and who (conduct ) t heir affairs by mut ual consult at ion, and who spend of what We have best owed on t hem.) (39. And t hose who, when an oppressive wrong is done t o t hem, t ake revenge.)

The Attributes of Those Who deserve that which is with Allah Here Allah point s out t he insignificance of t his worldly life and it s t ransient adornment s and luxuries.

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ⇒∠わヨ∠ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (So what ever you have been given is but (a passing) enj oyment for t his worldly life.) means, no mat t er what you achieve and amass, do not be deceived by it , for it is only t he enj oyment of t his life, which is t he lower, t ransient realm t hat will undoubt edly come t o an end.

びヴ∠ボ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (but t hat which is wit h Allah is bet t er and more last ing) means, t he reward of Allah is bet t er t han t his world, and it will last forever, so do not give preference t o t hat which is t ransient over t hat which is last ing. Allah says:

び∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ぴ (for t hose who believe) means, for t hose who are pat ient in forgoing t he pleasures of t his world,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (and put t heir t rust in t heir Lord.) means, so t hat He will help t hem t o be pat ient in doing what is obligat ory and avoiding what is forbidden. Then Allah says:

び∠ズェ ͡ ヲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユ͡ ∇をΗ ͡ や ゲ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠らミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇イΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who shun t he great er sins, and Al-Fawahish,) We have already discussed sin and AlFawahish in Surat Al-A` raf.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥らツ ͡ ビ ∠ ゅ∠ョ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and when t hey are angry, t hey forgive.) means, t heir nat ure dict at es t hat t hey should forgive people and be t olerant . Vengeance is not in t heir nat ure. It was report ed in t he Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah never t ook revenge for his own sake, only when t he sacred Laws of Allah were violat ed.

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who answer t he Call of t heir Lord,) means, t hey follow His Messenger and obey His commands and avoid t hat which He has prohibit ed.

び∠りヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and perform As-Salah) -- which is t he great est act of worship of Allah, may He be glorified.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∠レ∇Β∠よ ン∠ケヲ⊥セ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and who (conduct ) t heir affairs by mut ual consult at ion,) means, t hey do not make a decision wit hout consult ing one anot her on t he mat t er so t hat t hey can help one anot her by sharing t heir ideas concerning issues such as wars and ot her mat t ers. This is like t he Ayah:

び͡ゲ∇ョΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケヱ͡ ゅ∠セヱ∠ ぴ (and consult t hem in t he affairs) (3:159). The Prophet used t o consult wit h t hem concerning wars and ot her mat t ers, so t hat t hey would feel confidant . When ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab, may Allah be pleased wit h him, was dying, aft er he had been st abbed, he ent rust ed t he choice of t he next Khalifah t o six people who were t o be consult ed. They were ` Ut hman, ` Ali, Talhah, Az-Zubayr, Sa` id and ` Abdur-Rahman bin ` Awf, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem all. Then all of t he Companions, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem, agreed t o appoint ` Ut hman as t heir leader.

び∠ラヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and who spend of what We have best owed on t hem.) t his means kindly t reat ing t he creat ion of Allah, st art ing wit h t hose who are closest , t hen t he next closest , and so on.

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ わ∠ レ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヴ ⊥ ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who, when an oppressive wrong is done t o t hem, t ake revenge.) ameans, t hey have t he st rengt h t o t ake revenge on t hose who commit aggressive wrong and host ile act s against t hem. They are not incapable of doing so and t hey are not helpless; t hey are able t o t ake revenge against t hose who t ransgress against t hem, even t hough when t hey have t he power t o t ake revenge, t hey prefer t o forgive, as when Yusuf, peace be upon him, said t o his brot hers:

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ Α∠ゲ∇んゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (No reproach on you t his day; may Allah forgive you) (12: 92). even t hough he was in a posit ion t o t ake revenge on t hem for what t hey had done t o him. The Messenger of Allah forgave t he eight y people who int ended t o do him harm during t he year of Al-Hudaybiyah, camping by t he mount ain of At -Tan` im. When he overpowered t hem, he set t hem free, even t hough he was in a posit ion t o t ake revenge on t hem. He also forgave Ghawrat h bin Al-Harit h who want ed t o kill him and unsheat hed his sword while he was sleeping. The Prophet woke up t o find him point ing t he sword at him. He reproached him angrily and t he sword dropped. Then t he Messenger of Allah picked up t he sword and called his Companions He t old t hem what had happened, and he forgave t he man. There are many similar Hadit hs and report s. And Allah knows best .

ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヘハ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇んョあ る∀ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ る∃ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィほ∠プ∠

-モ ∃ Β͡らシ ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤニ ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ わ∠ ルや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らΑ∠ ヱ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ⊥ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ び ケ͡ ヲ⊥ョΙ ｙ や ュ͡ ∇ゴハ ∠ ∇リヨ͡ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ビ ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ら∠ タ ∠ リ∠ヨャ∠ヱ∠ (40. The recompense for an evil is an evil like t hereof; but whoever forgives and makes reconciliat ion, his reward is wit h Allah. Verily, He likes not t he wrongdoers.) (41. And indeed whosoever t akes revenge aft er he has suffered wrong, for such t here is no way (of blame) against t hem.) (42. The way is only against t hose who oppress men and rebel in t he eart h wit hout j ust ificat ion; for such t here will be a painful t orment .) (43. And verily, whosoever shows pat ience and forgives, t hat would t ruly be from t he t hings recommended by Allah.)

Forgiving or exacting Revenge on Wrongdoers

びゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇んョあ る∀ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ る∃ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (The recompense for an evil is an evil like t hereof). This is like t he Ayat :

ゅ∠ョ モ ͡ ∇んヨ͡ よ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠わ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ン∠ギわ∠ ∇ハや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ン∠ギわ∠ ∇ハや (Then whoever t ransgresses t he prohibit ion against you, you t ransgress likewise against him) (2:194), and

び͡ヮよ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らホ͡ ヲ⊥ハ ゅ∠ョ モ ͡ ∇んヨ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らホ͡ ゅ∠バプ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らホ∠ ゅ∠ハ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And if you punish, t hen punish t hem wit h t he like of t hat wit h which you were afflict ed) (16:126). Just ice, has been prescribed, in t he form of t he prescribed laws of equalit y in punishment (Al-Qisas), but t he bet t er way, which means forgiving, is recommended, as Allah says:

∀り∠ケゅｚヘ∠ミ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ベ ∠ ギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ∀ソゅ∠ダ͡ホ ゥ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲイ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ び⊥ヮャｚ

(and wounds equal for equal. But if anyone remit s t he ret aliat ion by way of charit y, it shall be for him an expiat ion) (5:45). Allah says here:

び͡ヮヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィほ∠プ∠ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヘハ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (but whoever forgives and makes reconciliat ion, his reward is wit h Allah. ) means, t hat will not be wast ed wit h Allah. As it says in a Sahih Hadit h:

«や６ゴハ ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ヲ∃ ∇ヘバ∠ よ͡ や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や キ∠ や∠コ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ » (Allah does not increase t he person who forgives except in honor.)''

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, He likes not t he wrongdoers.) means, t he aggressors, i.e., t hose who init iat e t he evil act ions.

リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤニ ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ わ∠ ルや リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びモ ∃ Β͡らシ ∠ (And indeed whosoever t akes revenge aft er he has suffered wrong, for such t here is no way (of blame) against t hem.) means, t here is no sin on him for t aking revenge against t he one who wronged him.

び⊥モΒ͡らジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (The way) means, t he burden of sin,

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らΑ∠ ヱ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ びあペ∠エ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ (is only against t hose who oppress men and rebel in t he eart h wit hout j ust ificat ion;) means, t hose who init iat e wrongful act ions against ot hers, as it says in t he Sahih Hadit h:

ギ͡ わ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅョ∠ ∩͡￢ン͡キゅ∠ら∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠バ∠プ ゅ∠ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ョ ラ ͡ ゅｚらわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや» «ュヲ⊥ヤ∇ヌヨ∠ ∇ャや

(When t wo persons indulge in abusing each ot her, t he one who init iat ed t he wrongful act ion is t o blame, unless t he one who was wronged overst eps t he mark in ret aliat ion.)

び∀ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (for such t here will be a painful t orment .) means, int ense and agonizing. It was report ed t hat Muhammad bin Wasi` said, "I came t o Makkah and t here was a securit y out post over t he t rench whose guards t ook me t o Marwan bin Al-Muhallab, who was t he governor of Basrah. He said, ` What do you need, O Abu ` Abdullah' I said, ` If you can do it , I need you t o be like t he brot her of Banu ` Adiy.' He said, ` Who is t he brot her of Banu ` Adiy' He said, ` Al-` Ala' bin Ziyad; he once appoint ed a friend of his t o a posit ion of aut horit y, and he wrot e t o him: If you can, only go t o sleep aft er you make sure t hat t here is not hing on your back ぴi.e., you do not owe anyt hing t o anyoneび, your st omach is empt y and your hands are unt aint ed by t he blood or wealt h of t he Muslims. If you do t hat , t hen t here will be no way (of blame) against you --

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らΑ∠ ヱ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ⊥ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ (The way is only against t hose who oppress men and rebel in t he eart h wit hout j ust ificat ion; for such t here will be a painful t orment .)' Marwan said, ` He spoke t he t rut h, by Allah, and gave sincere advice. ' Then he said, ` What do you need, O Abu ` Abdullah' I said, ` I need you t o let me j oin my family.' He said, ` Yes ぴI will do t hat び.''' This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hat im. When Allah condemned wrongdoing and t he people who do it , and prescribed Al-Qisas, He encouraged forgiveness:

び∠ゲヘ∠ ビ ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ら∠ タ ∠ リ∠ヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, whosoever shows pat ience and forgives,) meaning, whoever bears t he insult wit h pat ience and conceals t he evil act ion,

び͡ケヲ⊥ョΙ ｙ や ュ͡ ∇ゴハ ∠ ∇リヨ͡ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (t hat would t ruly be from t he t hings recommended by Allah.) Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "This means, one of t he t hings enj oined by Allah,'' i.e., good act ions for which t here will be a great reward and much praise.

ン∠ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ヴ ｙ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ キｙ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇モワ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨ∠ャ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや リ ∠ Β͡バゼ ͡ ⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ッ∠ゲ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ - モ ∃ Β͡らシ ∠ リあョ

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ヴ ｙ ヘ͡ カ ∠ フ ∃ ∇ゲデ ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α メ あ グぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲジ ͡カ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ リあョ ユ⊥ヰル∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Α ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ボョぁ びモ ∃ Β͡らシ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ (44. And whomsoever Allah sends ast ray, for him t here is no prot ect or aft er Him. And you will see t he wrongdoers, when t hey behold t he t orment , t hey will say: "Is t here any way of ret urn'') (45. And you will see t hem brought forward t o it (Hell) made humble by disgrace, (and) looking wit h st ealt hy glance. And t hose who believe will say: "Verily, t he losers are t hey who lose t hemselves and t heir families on t he Day of Resurrect ion.'' Verily, t he wrongdoers will be in a last ing t orment .) (46. And t hey will have no prot ect ors t o help t hem ot her t han Allah. And he whom Allah sends ast ray, for him t here is no way.)

The State of the Wrongdoers on the Day of Resurrection Allah t ells us t hat what ever He wills happens and what ever He does not will does not happen, and no one can make it happen. Whomever He guides, none can lead ast ray, and whomever He leads ast ray, none can guide, as He says:

びや⇔ギセ ͡ ∇ゲョぁ ゅ６Βャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∇モヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (but he whom He sends ast ray, for him you will find no prot ect ing t o lead him.) (18:17). Then Allah t ells us about t he wrongdoers, i.e., t he idolat ors who associat e ot hers in worship wit h Allah:

び∠ゆや∠グバ∠ ャ∠∇や ∇やヱ⊥ ぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ぴ (when t hey behold t he t orment ,) i.e., on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hey will wish t hat t hey could go back t o t his world.

び∃モΒ͡らシ ∠ リあョ キｙ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇モワ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ (t hey will say: "Is t here any way of ret urn'') This is like t he Ayah:

ぁキゲ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠レ∠わ∇Β∠ヤΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ケ͡ ゅレｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘホ͡ ヱ⊥ ∇クま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇モよ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムル∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゆ ∠ グあ ム∠ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ⇒∠バャ∠ ∇やヱぁキケ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠ギよ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ (If you could but see when t hey will be held over t he (Hell) Fire! They will say: "Would t hat we were but sent back! Then we would not deny t he Ayat of our Lord, and we would be of t he believers!'' Nay, it has become manifest t o t hem what t hey had been concealing before. But if t hey were ret urned, t hey would cert ainly revert t o t hat which t hey were forbidden. And indeed t hey are liars.) (6:27-28)

びゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ッ∠ゲ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And you will see t hem brought forward t o it ) means, t o t he Fire.

びあメグぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡バゼ ͡ ⇒∠カぴ (made humble by disgrace,) means, in a befit t ing manner, because of t heir previous disobedience t owards Allah.

びｙヴヘ͡ カ ∠ フ ∃ ∇ゲデ ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Αぴ ((and) looking wit h st ealt hy glance.) Muj ahid said, "In a humiliat ed manner.'' That is, t hey will st eal glances at it , because t hey will be afraid of it . But t he t hing t hat t hey are afraid of will undoubt edly happen, and worse t han t hat -- may Allah save us from t hat .

び∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t hose who believe will say) means, on t he Day of Resurrect ion t hey will say:

び∠リΑ͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he losers...) means, t he great est losers.

び͡るヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲジ ͡カ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ

(are t hey who lose t hemselves and t heir families on t he Day of Resurrect ion. ) means, t hey will be t aken t o t he Fire and deprived of any pleasures in t he Hereaft er. They will lose t hemselves, and t hey will be separat ed from t heir loved ones, companions, families and relat ives, and t hey will lose t hem.

び∃ユΒ͡ボョぁ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∠リΒ͡ヨ͡ヤ⇒ｚヌャや ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Verily, t he wrongdoers will be in a last ing t orment .) means, everlast ing and et ernal, wit h no way out and no escape.

ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ユ⊥ヰル∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Α ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや (And t hey will have no prot ect ors t o help t hem ot her t han Allah.) means, no one t o save t hem from t he punishment and t orment which t hey are suffering.

び∃モΒ͡らシ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And he whom Allah sends ast ray, for him t here is no way.) means, no salvat ion.

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ キｚ ゲ∠ ョ∠ Ι ｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇シやぴ ゲ∃ Β͡ムルｚ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ほ∃イ ∠ ∇ヤョｚ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ラま͡ ゅ⇔ヌΒ͡ヘェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ヨプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゅｚレ͡ョ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゅ∠レ∇ホク∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ べｚルま͡ヱ∠ ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ る∀ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇らダ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゥ ∠ ゲ͡ プ∠ び ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ミ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや (47. Answer t he Call of your Lord before t here comes from Allah a Day which cannot be avert ed. You will have no refuge on t hat Day nor t here will be for you any denying.) (48. But if t hey t urn away, We have not sent you as a Hafiz over t hem. Your dut y is t o convey. And verily, when We cause man t o t ast e of mercy from Us, he rej oices t here at ; but when some evil befalls t hem because of t he deeds which t heir hands have sent fort h, t hen verily, man (becomes) ingrat e!)

Encouragement to obey Allah before the Day of Resurrection

When Allah t ells us about t he horrors and t errif ying event s of t he Day of Resurrect ion, He warns us about it and commands us t o prepare for it :

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ キｚ ゲ∠ ョ∠ Ι ｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇シやぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ (Answer t he Call of your Lord before t here comes from Allah a Day which cannot be avert ed.) means, once He issues t he command, it will come t o pass wit hin t he blinking of an eye, and no one will be able t o avert it or prevent it .

び∃ゲΒ͡ムルｚ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅョ∠ ヱ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ほ∃イ ∠ ∇ヤョｚ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (You will have no refuge on t hat Day nor t here will be for you any denying.) means, you will have no st ronghold in which t o t ake refuge, no place in which t o hide from Allah, for He will encompass you wit h His knowledge and power, and you will have no refuge from Him except wit h Him.

- ケ∠ コ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ - ゲぁ ヘ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ び ゲぁ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ (On t hat Day man will say: "Where (is t he refuge) t o flee'' No! There is no refuge! Unt o your Lord will be t he place of rest t hat Day.) (75:10-12)

び∇やヲ⊥ッゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ぴ (But if t hey t urn away,) refers t o t he idolat ors,

び⇔ゅヌΒ͡ヘェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (We have not sent you as a Hafiz over t hem. ) means, ` you have no power over t hem.' And Allah says elsewhere:

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ギワ⊥ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ (Not upon you is t heir guidance, but Allah guides whom He wills) (2:272).

び⊥ゆゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (your dut y is only t o convey (t he Message) and on Us is t he reckoning) (13:40). And Allah says here:

び⊥ヒ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ラま͡ぴ (Your dut y is t o convey.) meaning, ` all t hat We require you t o do is t o convey t he Message of Allah t o t hem.'

びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゥ ∠ ゲ͡ プ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゅｚレ͡ョ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゅ∠レ∇ホク∠ ぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ べｚルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, when We cause man t o t ast e of mercy from Us, he rej oices t here at ;) means, when a t ime of ease and comfort comes t o him, he is happy about it .

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇らダ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (but when befalls t hem) means mankind.

び∀るゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ぴ (some evil) means, drought , punishment , t ribulat ion or difficult y,

び∀ケヲ⊥ヘミ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (t hen verily, man (becomes) ingrat e!) means, he forget s t he previous t imes of ease and blessings and acknowledges not hing but t he present moment . If t imes of ease come t o him, he becomes arrogant and t ransgresses, but if any difficult y befalls him, he loses hope and is filled wit h despair. This is like what t he Messenger of Allah said t o t he women:

ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ｚリム⊥ わ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヶあルみ͡プ∠ ∩∠リ∇ホギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ジレあ ャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バョ∠ ゅ∠Α» «ケゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ )(O women, give in charit y, for I have seen t hat you form t he maj orit y of t he people of Hell.) A woman asked, "Why is t hat , O Messenger of Allah'' He said:

∇ヲャ∠ ∩∠ゲΒ͡ゼバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ムゼ あ ャや ラ ∠ ∇ゲん͡ ∇ムゎ⊥ リ ｚ ム⊥ ルｚ ∠ほ͡ャ» ∩ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ワギｚ ャや ｚリワ⊥ や∠ギ∇ェま͡ ヴャ͡ま ろ ∠ ∇レジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ «テ∠ホ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ マ ∠ ∇レョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ゅ∠ョ :∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ (Because you complain t oo much, and you are ungrat eful t o (your) husbands. If one of you were t o be t reat ed kindly for an ent ire lifet ime, t hen t hat kindness was lacking for one day, she

would say, ` I have never seen anyt hing good from you!') This is t he case wit h most women, except for t hose whom Allah guides and who are among t he people who believe and do right eous deeds. As t he Prophet said, t he believer is t he one who:

∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ∩∠ゲム∠ セ ∠ ￢⊥ やｚゲシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ラま͡» マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ∩∠ゲら∠ タ ∠ ￢⊥ やｚゲッ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ «リ͡ョ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ (... if somet hing good happens t o him, he is t hankful, and t hat is good for him. If somet hing bad happens t o him, he bears it wit h pat ience, and t hat is good for him. This does not happen t o anyone except t he believer.)

￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ぴ - ケ∠ ヲ⊥ミグぁ ャや ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ょ ⊥ ヰ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ん⇒∠ルま͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ょ ⊥ ヰ∠ Α∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ボハ ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ん⇒∠ルま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルや∠ゲ∇ミク⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ⊥ あヱゴ∠ Α⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ (49. To Allah belongs t he kingdom of t he heavens and t he eart h. He creat es what He wills. He best ows female upon whom He wills, and best ows male upon whom He wills.) (50. Or He best ows bot h males and females, and He renders barren whom He wills. Verily, He is t he AllKnower and is Able (t o do all t hings).)

Allah tells us that He is the Creator, Sovereign and Controller of the heavens and the earth. What ever he wills happens, and what ever He does not will does not happen. He gives t o whomsoever He wills and wit hholds from whomsoever he wills; none can wit hhold what He gives, and none can give what He wit hholds, and He creat es what ever He wills.

び⇔ゅん⇒∠ルま͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ょ ⊥ ヰ∠ Α∠ ぴ (He best ows female upon whom He wills.) means, He gives t hem daught ers only. Al-Baghawi said, "And among t hem (t hose who were given daught ers only) was Lut , peace be upon him.''

び∠ケヲ⊥ミグぁ ャや ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ょ ⊥ ヰ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and best ows male upon whom He wills.) means, He gives t hem sons only. Al-Baghawi said, "Like Ibrahim Al-Khalil, peace be upon him, who did not have any daught ers.''

び⇔ゅん⇒∠ルま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルや∠ゲ∇ミク⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ⊥ あヱゴ∠ Α⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or He best ows bot h males and females,) means, He gives t o whomsoever He wills bot h males and females, sons and daught ers. Al-Baghawi said, "Like Muhammad .''

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ボ∠ハ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He renders barren whom He wills. ) means, so t hat he has no children at all. Al-Baghawi said, "Like Yahya and ` Isa, peace be upon t hem. '' So people are divided int o four cat egories: some are given daught ers, some are given sons, some are given bot h sons and daught ers, and some are not given eit her sons or daught ers, but t hey are rendered barren, wit h no offspring.

び∀ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, He is t he All-Knower) means, He knows who deserves t o be in which of t hese cat egories.

び∀ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ぴ (and is Able (t o do all t hings).) means, t o do what ever He wills and t o different iat e bet ween people in t his manner. This issue is similar t o t hat referred t o in t he Ayah where Allah says of ` Isa, peace be upon him:

び͡サゅｚレ∇ヤャあ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇イレ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And (We wish) t o appoint him as a sign t o mankind) (19:21): i.e., proof for t hem of His power, for He creat ed people in four different ways. Adam, peace be upon him, was creat ed from clay, from neit her a male nor a female. Hawwa', peace be upon her, was creat ed from a male wit hout a female. All ot her people, besides ` Isa, peace be upon him, were creat ed from male and female, and t his sign of Allah was complet ed wit h t he creat ion of ` Isa bin Maryam, may peace be upon t hem bot h, who was creat ed from a female wit hout a male. Allah says:

び͡サゅｚレ∇ヤャあ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇イレ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And (We wish) t o appoint him as a sign t o mankind) (19: 21). This issue has t o do wit h parent s, whilst t he previous issue has t o do wit h children, and in each case t here are four cat egories. Glory be t o t he All-Knower Who is Able t o do all t hings.

リ͡ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔Β∇ェヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤあム∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ゲ∃ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ヲ⊥Βプ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠イェ ͡ ￢͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ ゅ⇔ェヱ⊥ケ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ヴ ｘ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ ン͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅョ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョあ ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼルｚ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰルｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヅ ͡ ゲ∠ タ ͡ - ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰわ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ン͡グャｚや び ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ョΙ ｙ や ゲ⊥ Β͡ダゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (51. It is not given t o any human being t hat Allah should speak t o him unless (it be) by revelat ion, or from behind a veil, or (t hat ) He sends a Messenger t o reveal what He wills by His leave. Verily, He is Most High, Most Wise.) (52. And t hus We have sent t o you Ruh of Our command. You knew not what is t he Book, nor what is Fait h. But We have made it a light wherewit h We guide whosoever of Our servant s We will. And verily, you are indeed guiding t o a st raight pat h.) (53. The pat h of Allah t o Whom belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is on t he eart h. Verily, all mat t ers at t he end go t o Allah.)

How the Revelation comes down This refers t o how Allah sends revelat ion. Somet imes He cast s somet hing int o t he heart of t he Prophet , and he has no doubt t hat it is from Allah, as it was report ed in Sahih Ibn Hibban t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

∇リャ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ヶ͡ハヱ⊥ケ ヶ͡プ ゑ ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ サ ͡ ギ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ャや ゥ ∠ ∇ヱケ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡» ぶ ∠ や やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ ∩ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ィ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰホ∠ ∇コケ͡ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ れ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ «ょ∠ヤト ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ (Ar-Ruh Al-Qudus ぴi.e., Jibrilび breat hed int o my heart t hat no soul will die unt il it s allot t ed provision and t ime have expired, so have Taqwa of Allah and keep seeking in a good (and lawful) way.)

び∃ゆゅ∠イェ ͡ ￢͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or from behind a veil) -- as He spoke t o Musa, peace be upon him. He asked t o see Him aft er He had spoken t o him, but t his was not grant ed t o him. In t he Sahih, it recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t o Jabir bin ` Abdullah, may Allah be pleased wit h him:

ユ∠ ヤｚミ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩∃ゆゅ∠イェ ͡ ￢͡ や∠ケヱ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅｚャま͡ や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ユ∠ ヤｚミ∠ ゅ∠ョ» «ゅ⇔ェゅ∠ヘミ͡ ポ ∠ ゅ∠よぺ∠ (Allah never speaks t o anyone except from behind a veil, but He spoke t o your fat her direct ly.) This is how it was st at ed in t he Hadit h. He ぴJabir's fat herび was killed on t he day of Uhud, but t his refers t o t he realm of Al-Barzakh, whereas t he Ayah speaks of t his eart hly realm.

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ヲ⊥Βプ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or (t hat ) He sends a Messenger t o reveal what He wills by His leave.) as Jibril, peace be upon him, and ot her angels came down t o t he Prophet s, peace be upon t hem.

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ヴ ｘ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, He is Most High, Most Wise.) He is Most High, All-Knowing, Most Wise.

びゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョあ ゅ⇔ェヱ⊥ケ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hus We have sent t o you Ruh of Our command.) means, t he Qur'an.

び⊥リ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ ン͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョぴ (You knew not what is t he Book, nor what is Fait h.) means, ` in t he det ails which were given t o you in t he Qur'an.'

び⊥ヮ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (But We have made it ) means, t he Qur'an,

びゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼルｚ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰルｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ルぴ (a light wherewit h We guide whosoever of Our servant s We will. ) This is like t he Ayah:

Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ∠ヱ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びヴ⇔ヨハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇ホ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ や∠クや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ (Say: "It is for t hose who believe, a guide and a healing. And as for t hose who disbelieve, t here is heaviness (deafness) in t heir ears, and it (t he Qur'an) is blindness for t hem.'') (41:44).

び∠マルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, you) means, ` O Muhammad,'

び∃ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰわ∠ ャ∠ぴ (are indeed guiding t o a st raight pat h.) means, t he correct behavior. Then Allah explains t his furt her by saying:

び͡ヮヤｚャや ヅ ͡ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ぴ (The pat h of Allah) meaning, His Laws which He enj oins.

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (t o Whom belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is on t he eart h.) means, t heir Lord and Sovereign, t he One Who is cont rolling and ruling t hem, Whose decree cannot be overt urned.

び⊥ケヲ⊥ョΙ ｙ や ゲ⊥ Β͡ダゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Verily, all mat t ers at t he end go t o Allah.) means, all mat t ers come back t o Him and He issues j udgement concerning t hem. Glorified and exalt ed be He far above all t hat t he evildoers and deniers say. ぴThis is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Ash-Shuraび

The Tafsir of Surat Az-Zukhruf (Chapter - 43) Which was revealed in Makkah

In the Name of ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most .Merciful ゅ⇔Β∂ よ͡ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ゅ⇔ルや￢∇ゲホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ -͡リΒ͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ -ユ⇒ェぴ ヴ ｘ ヤ͡バ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Α∠ギ∠ャ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∂ュぺ⊥ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚ∠バャｚ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ∠ぺ ゅ⇔エ∇ヘタ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ミグ∂ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ レ∠ハ ゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツレ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ -∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ -∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ∇Ιや ヴ͡プ ヶ ∂ ら͡ ルｚ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ -∠リΒ͡プ͡ゲ∇ジョぁ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ -ラ ∠ ヱ￢͡ゴ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ ∂ ら͡ ルｚ ∇リョ∂ ユ͡ヰΒゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ び-∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ∇Ιや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ヴ∠ツョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゼ∇トよ∠ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワほ∠プ∠ (1. Ha Mim.) (2. By t he manifest Book.) (3. Verily, We have made it a Qur'an in Arabic t hat you may be able t o underst and.) (4. And verily, it is in t he Mot her of t he Book wit h Us, indeed exalt ed, full of wisdom.) (5. Shall We t hen t ake away t he Reminder from you, because you are a people excessive.) (6. And how many a Prophet have We sent amongst t he men of old.) (7. And never came t here a Prophet t o t hem but t hey used t o mock at him.) (8. Then We dest royed men st ronger (in power) t han t hese and t he example of t he ancient s has passed away.)

び ユ͡ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ Α͡ゴレ∠ゎ - ユ⇒ェぴ (Ha-Mim. By t he manifest Book.) means, plain and clear in bot h wording and meaning, because it was revealed in t he language of t he Arabs, which is t he most eloquent language for communicat ion among people. Allah says:

び⊥ヮ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We have made it ) meaning, revealed it ,

び⇔ゅΒ∂ よ͡ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ゅ⇔ルや∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ぴ (a Qur'an in Arabic) meaning, in t he language of t he Arabs, eloquent and clear;

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (t hat you may be able t o underst and.) means, t hat you may underst and it and ponder it s meanings. This is like t he Ayah:

びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ヴ ｙ よ͡ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ジヤ͡よ͡ ぴ (In t he plain Arabic language.) (26:195)

び ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ヴ ｘ ヤ͡バ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Α∠ギ∠ャ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや あュぺ⊥ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, it is in t he Mot her of t he Book wit h Us, indeed exalt ed, full of wisdom.) This explains t he high st at us of t he Qur'an among t he host s on high (t he angels), so t hat t he people of eart h will respect it , venerat e it and obey it .

び⊥ヮルｚ ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (And verily, it ) means, t he Qur'an,

び͡ょ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや あュぺ⊥ ヴ͡プぴ (is in t he Mot her of t he Book) meaning, Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz (t he Preserved Tablet ). This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas and Muj ahid.

びべ∠レ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ぴ (wit h Us,) means, in Our presence. This was t he view of Qat adah and ot hers.

びヴあヤバ∠ ャｚぴ (indeed exalt ed) means, occupying a posit ion of honor and virt ue. This was t he view of Qat adah.

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ぴ (full of wisdom.) means, clear, wit h no confusion or deviat ion. All of t his indicat es it s noble st at us and virt ue, as Allah says elsewhere:

ヮ⊥ ジ ぁ ヨ∠ Α∠ Ι ｚ -ラ ∃ ヲ⊥レ∇ムョｚ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ - ∀ユΑ͡ゲ∠ミ ∀ラや∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケｚ リあョ ∀モΑ͡ゴレ∠ゎ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヰｚ ト ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ (That (t his) is indeed an honorable recit at ion. In a Book well-guarded. Which none can t ouch but t he pure. A revelat ion from t he Lord of t he all t hat exist s.) (56:77-80)

ブ ∃ エ ⊥タ ⊥ ヴ∠プ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ミ∠ ク∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ヨプ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ り∃ ケ∠ ゲ∠ よ∠ ュ∃ や∠ゲミ͡ り∃ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ シ ∠ ン͡ギ∇Α∠ほ͡よ り∃ ゲ∠ ヰｚ ト ∠ ョぁ る∃ ハ ∠ ヲ⊥プ∇ゲョｚ る∃ ョ∠ ゲｚ ム∠ ョぁ び (Nay, indeed it is an admonit ion. So whoever wills, let him pay at t ent ion t o it . (It is) in Records held (great ly) in honor, exalt ed, purified, in t he hands of scribes (angels), honorable and obedient .) (80:11-16)

ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ∠ぺ ゅ⇔エ∇ヘタ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ミグあ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ レ∠ハ ゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツレ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び ∠リΒ͡プ͡ゲ∇ジョぁ (Shall We t hen t ake away t he Reminder (t his Qur'an) from you, because you are a people excessive.) means, ` do you t hink t hat We will forgive you and not punish you, when you do not do as you have been commanded' This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Abu Salih, Muj ahid and As-Suddi, and was t he view favored by Ibn Jarir.

び⇔ゅエ∇ヘタ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ミグあ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ レ∠ハ ゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツレ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Shall We t hen t ake away t he Reminder (t his Qur'an) from you,) Qat adah said, "By Allah, if t his Qur'an had been t aken away when t he first generat ions of t his Ummah rej ect ed it , t hey would have been doomed, but Allah by His mercy persist ed in sending it and calling t hem t o it for t went y years, or for as long as He willed.'' What Qat adah said is very good, and his point is t hat Allah, by His grace and mercy t owards His creat ion, did not st op calling t hem t o t he t rut h and t o t he wise Reminder, i.e., t he Qur'an, even t hough t hey were heedless and t urned away from it . Indeed, He sent it so t hat t hose who were decreed t o be guided might be guided by it , and so t hat proof might be est ablished against t hose who were decreed t o be.

Consolation to the Prophet for the Disbelief of Quraysh Then Allah consoles His Prophet for t he disbelief of his people, and commands him t o bear it wit h pat ience.

びリ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヶ ｙ ら͡ ルｚ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And how many a Prophet have We sent amongst t he men of old.) meaning, among t he sect s (communit ies) of old.

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ ｙ ら͡ ルｚ ∇リョあ ユ͡ヰΒ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And never came t here a Prophet t o t hem but t hey used t o mock at him.) means, t hey disbelieved him and mock at him.

び⇔ゅゼ∇トよ∠ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワほ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then We dest royed men st ronger t han t hese) means, ` We dest royed t hose who disbelieved in t he Messengers, and t hey were st ronger in power t han t hese who disbelieve in you, O Muhammad.' This is like t he Ayah:

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Βプ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ん∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ び⇔りヲｚ ホ⊥ (Have t hey not t raveled t hrough t he eart h and seen what was t he end of t hose before t hem They were more in number t han t hem and might ier in st rengt h) (40:82). And t here are many similar Ayat .

び∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ヴ∠ツョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t he example of t he ancient s has passed away. ) Muj ahid said, "The way of t heir life.'' Qat adah said, "Their punishment .'' Ot hers said, "Their lesson,'' i.e., ` We made t hem a lesson for t hose disbelievers who came aft er t hem, t hat t hey would suffer t he same end as t hem,' as in t he Ayah at t he end of t his Surah:

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Κ ｘ ャあ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ∠ヤシ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (And We made t hem a precedent , and an example t o lat er generat ions.) (43:56);

び͡ロキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ヴ͡プ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ レｚ シ ⊥ぴ (t his has been t he way of Allah in dealing wit h His servant s) (40:85).

び⇔ΚΑ͡ギ∇らゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ レｚ ジ ⊥ ャ͡ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (and you will not find any change in t he way of Allah.) (33:62)

チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ リ͡ゃ∠ャ∠ヱぴ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや - ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ リ ｚ ャ⊥ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚ∠バャｚ Κ ⇔ ら⊥ シ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ギ∇ヰョ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや ケ∃ ギ∠ ボ∠ よ͡ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ∠ ∇ガゎ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅ⇔わ∇Βョｚ り⇔ ギ∠ ∇ヤよ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲゼ ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や∠ヱ マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤｚミ⊥ ァ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇コΕ ∠やペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ロ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ヲわ∠ ∇ジわ∠ ャ͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らミ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αヲ∠ わ∠ ∇シや や∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ べｚルま͡ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ルゲ͡ ∇ボョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ ン͡グャｚや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ レ⊥ヨャ∠ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ (9. And indeed if you ask t hem: "Who has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h'' They will surely say: "The All-Might y, t he All-Knower creat ed t hem.'') (10. Who has made for you t he eart h like a bed, and has made for you roads t herein, in order t hat you may find your way.) (11. And Who sends down wat er from t he sky in due measure, t hen We revive a dead land t herewit h, and even so you will be brought fort h.) (12. And Who has creat ed all t he pairs and has appoint ed for you ships and cat t le on which you ride,) (13. In order t hat you may mount on t heir backs, and t hen may remember t he favor of your Lord when you mount t hereon, and say: "Glory t o Him Who has subj ect ed t his t o us, and we could have never had it .'') (14. And verily, t o Our Lord we indeed are t o ret urn!'')

The Idolators' admission that Allah is the Sole Creator, and Further Evidence of that Allah says: ` If you, O Muhammad, were t o ask t hese idolat ors who associat e ot hers wit h Allah and worship ot hers besides Him,'

リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ リ ｚ ャ⊥ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リョｚ ぴ び⊥ユΒ͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ("Who has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h'' They will surely say: "The All-Might y, t he AllKnower creat ed t hem.'') In ot her words, t hey will admit t hat t he Creat or of all t hat is Allah Alone, wit h no part ner or associat e, yet t hey st ill worship ot hers -- idols and false gods -alongside Him.

び⇔やギ∇ヰョ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (Who has made for you t he eart h like a bed,) means, smoot h, st able and firm, so t hat you can t ravel about in it , and st and on it and sleep and walk about , even t hough it is creat ed above wat er, but He has st rengt hened it wit h t he mount ains, lest it should shake.

び⇔Κら⊥ シ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and has made for you roads t herein,) means, pat hs bet ween t he mount ains and t he valleys.

び∠ラヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (in order t hat you may find your way.) means, in your j ourneys from cit y t o cit y, region t o region, land t o land.

び∃ケギ∠ ボ∠ よ͡ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And Who sends down wat er from t he sky in due measure, ) means, according t o what is sufficient for your crops, fruit s and drinking wat er for yourselves and your cat t le.

び⇔ゅわ∇Βョｚ り⇔ ギ∠ ∇ヤよ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲゼ ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ぴ (t hen We revive a dead land t herewit h,) means, a barren land, for when t he wat er comes t o it , it is st irred (t o life), and it swells and put s fort h every lovely kind (of growt h). By referring t o t he revival of t he eart h, Allah draws at t ent ion t o how He will bring bodies back t o life on t he Day of Resurrect ion, aft er t hey have been dead.

び∠ラヲ⊥ィゲ∠ ∇ガゎ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (and even so you will be brought fort h.) Then Allah says:

びゅ∠ヰヤｚミ⊥ ァ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇コΕ ∠ やペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ

(And Who has creat ed all t he pairs) meaning, of everyt hing t hat grows in t he eart h, all kinds of plant s, crops, fruit s, flowers, et c., and all different kinds of animals.

び͡マ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and has appoint ed for you ships) or vessels,

び∠ラヲ⊥らミ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や∠ヱぴ (and cat t le on which you ride.) means, He has subj ugat ed t hem t o you and made it easy for you t o eat t heir meat , drink t heir milk and ride on t heir backs. Allah says:

び͡ロケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ヲわ∠ ∇ジわ∠ ャ͡ぴ (In order t hat you may mount on t heir backs, ) meaning, sit comfort ably and securely,

び͡ロケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (on t heir backs) means, on t he backs of t hese kinds of animals.

び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and t hen may remember t he favor of your Lord) means, whereby t hese animals are subj ugat ed t o you.

ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ ン͡グャｚや リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αヲ∠ わ∠ ∇シや や∠クま͡ぴ び∠リΒ͡ルゲ͡ ∇ボョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ (when you mount t hereon, and say: "Glory t o Him Who has subj ect ed t his t o us, and we could have never had it .'') means, if it were not for t he fact t hat Allah has subj ugat ed t hese t hings t o us, we could never have done t his by our own st rengt h.' Ibn ` Abbas, Qat adah, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd said: "We could not have done t his ourselves.''

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ レ⊥ヨャ∠ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べｚルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, t o Our Lord we indeed are t o ret urn.) means, ` We will ret urn t o Him aft er our deat h, and our ult imat e dest inat ion is wit h Him.' In t his Ayah, ment ion of eart hly j ourneys draws at t ent ion t o t he j ourney of t he Hereaft er, j ust as elsewhere, ment ion of eart hly provision draws at t ent ion t o t he import ance of ensuring provision for t he Hereaft er, as Allah says:

びン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや キ͡ やｚゴャや ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キヱｚ ゴ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t ake a provision (wit h you) for t he j ourney, but t he best provision is t he Taqwa) (2:197). And ment ion of eart hly garment s is also used t o draw at t ent ion t o t he raiment of t he Hereaft er:

び∀ゲ∇Βカ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや サ ⊥ ゅ∠らャ͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゼΑ͡ケヱ∠ ぴ (and as an adornment ; and t he raiment of t he Taqwa, t hat is bet t er) (7:26).

ケ∀ ヲ⊥ヘム∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジルΗや ラ ｚ ま͡ や⇔￢∇ゴィ ⊥ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∠ィ∠ヱぴ リ ∠ Β͡レら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ム⇒∠ヘ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ れ ∃ ゅ∠レよ∠ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ュ͡ ぺ∠ - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ワギ⊥ ∠ェ∠ぺ ゲ∠ ゼ あ よ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡プ ほ⊥ｚゼレ∠ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぺ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ミ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔キ∂ ヲ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ モ ｚニ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∃ Β͡らョ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠ダガ ͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ る͡ Β∠ ∇ヤエ ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヱギ⊥ ヰ͡ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ん⇒∠ルま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや キ⊥ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジΑ⊥ ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰセ ∠ ょ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ムわ⊥ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ギら∠ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ￢∠ べ∠セ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥タゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ (15. Yet , t hey assign t o some of His servant s a share wit h Him. Verily, man is indeed a manifest ingrat e!) (16. Or has He t aken daught ers out of what He has creat ed, and He has select ed for you sons) (17. And if one of t hem is informed of t he news of t hat which he set s fort h as a parable t o t he Most Gracious, his face becomes dark, and he is filled wit h grief!) (18. A creat ure who is brought up in adornment s, and who in disput e cannot make it self clear) (19. And t hey make females t he angels who t hemselves are servant s of t he Most Gracious. Did t hey wit ness t heir creat ion Their t est imony will be recorded, and t hey will be quest ioned!) (20. And t hey said: "If it had been t he will of t he Most Gracious,

Condemnation of the Idolators' attribution of Offspring to Allah Here Allah speaks of t he lies and fabricat ions of t he idolat ors, when t hey devot ed some of t heir cat t le t o t heir false gods and some t o Allah, as He described in Surat Al-An` am where He said:

ゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゐ ͡ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぺ∠ケ∠ ク∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∠ィ∠ヱぴ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ゅ∠レも͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ ゼ ⊥ ャ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ハゴ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ モ ⊥ダ ͡ Α∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ ゼ ⊥ ャ͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ べ∠シ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ モ ⊥ダ ͡ Α∠ (And t hey assign t o Allah share of t he t ilt h and cat t le which He has creat ed, and t hey say: "This is for Allah'' according t o t heir claim, "and t his is for our part ners.'' But t he share of t heir part ners reaches not Allah, while t he share of Allah reaches t heir part ners! Evil is t he way t hey j udge!) (6:136). Similarly, out of t he t wo kinds of offspring, sons and daught ers, t hey assigned t o Him t he worst and least valuable (in t heir eyes), i.e., daught ers, as Allah says:

ン∠ゴΒ͡ッ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ジホ͡ や⇔ク͡ま マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ - ヴ∠んルｙΙや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ミ∠ ｚグャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び (Is it for you t he males and for Him t he females That indeed is a division most unfair!) (53:2122) And Allah says here:

ケ∀ ヲ⊥ヘム∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジルΗや ラ ｚ ま͡ や⇔￢∇ゴィ ⊥ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∠ィ∠ヱぴ び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ (Yet , t hey assign t o some of His servant s a share wit h Him. Verily, man is indeed a manifest ingrat e!) Then He says:

びリ ∠ Β͡レら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ム⇒∠ヘ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ れ ∃ ゅ∠レよ∠ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ュ͡ ぺ∠ぴ (Or has He t aken daught ers out of what He has creat ed, and He has select ed for you sons) This is a denunciat ion of t hem in t he st rongest t erms, as He goes on t o say:

モ ｚニ ∠ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ユ⊥ワギ⊥ ∠ェ∠ぺ ゲ∠ ゼ あ よ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ミ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔キ∂ ヲ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ (And if one of t hem is informed of t he news of t hat which he set s fort h as a parable t o t he Most Gracious, his face becomes dark, and he is filled wit h grief!) means, if one of t hese people is given t he news t hat t here has been born t o him one of t hose which he at t ribut es t o Allah, i.e., a daught er, he hat es t his news and it depresses and overwhelms him so much t hat he keeps

away from people because he feels so ashamed. Allah says, so how can t hey dislike t hat so much and yet t hey at t ribut e it t o Allah

ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠ダガ ͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ る͡ Β∠ ∇ヤエ ͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ほ⊥ｚゼレ∠ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びリ ∃ Β͡らョ⊥ (A creat ure who is brought up in adornment s, and who in disput e cannot make it self clear) means, women are regarded as lacking somet hing, which t hey make up for wit h j ewelry and adornment s from t he t ime of childhood onwards, and when t here is a disput e, t hey cannot speak up and defend t hemselves clearly, so how can t his be at t ribut ed t o Allah

び⇔ゅん⇒∠ルま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや キ⊥ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∠ィ∠ヱぴ (And t hey make females t he angels who t hemselves are servant s of t he Most Gracious.) means, t hat is what t hey believe about t hem, but Allah denounces t hem for t hat and says:

び∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ セ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Did t hey wit ness t heir creat ion) meaning, did t hey see Allah creat ing t hem as females

び∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰセ ∠ ょ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ムわ⊥ シ ∠ぴ (Their t est imony will be recorded,) means, concerning t hat ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey will be quest ioned!) means, about t hat , on t he Day of Resurrect ion. This is a st ern warning and a serious t hreat .

び∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ギら∠ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲャ⊥ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey said: "If it had been t he will of t he Most Gracious, we should not have worshipped t hem.'') means, (t hey said:) ` if Allah had willed, He would have prevent ed us from worshipping t hese idols which are images of t he angels who are t he daught ers of Allah; He knows about t his and He approves of it .' By saying t his, t hey combined several t ypes of error: First : They at t ribut ed offspring t o Allah -- exalt ed and sanct ified be He far above t hat . Second: They claimed t hat He chose daught ers rat her t han sons, and t hey made t he angels, who are t he servant s of t he Most Gracious, female. Third: They worshipped t hem wit h no proof, evidence or permission from Allah. This was based on mere opinion, whims and desires, imit at ion of t heir elders and forefat hers, and pure ignorance. They used Allah's decree as an excuse, and t his reasoning bet rayed t heir ignorance. Fourt h: Allah denounced t hem for t his in t he st rongest t erms, for from t he t ime He first sent Messengers and revealed Books, t he command was t o

worship Him Alone wit h no part ner or associat e, and it was forbidden t o worship anyt hing ot her t han Him. Allah says:

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ン∠ギ∠ワ ∇リョｚ ユ⊥ヰ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ∠れヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚト∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡ジプ∠ る⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤツ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ ∇リョｚ びリ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プ (And verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming): "Worship Allah, and avoid all false deit ies.'' Then of t hem were some whom Allah guided and of t hem were some upon whom t he st raying was j ust ified. So t ravel t hrough t he land and see what was t he end of t hose who denied.) (16:36)

ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠レ͡ヤシ ⊥ ケぁ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇モゃ∇シや∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら∠ ∇バΑ⊥ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ (And ask t hose of Our Messengers whom We sent before you: "Did We ever appoint gods t o be worshipped besides t he Most Gracious'') (43:45) And Allah says in t his Ayah, aft er ment ioning t his argument of t heirs:

び∃ユ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ゅｚョぴ (They have no knowledge what soever of t hat .) meaning, of t he t rut h of what t hey say and t he argument s t hey put forward.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥タゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (They do not hing but lie!) means, t hey t ell lies and fabricat e unt rut hs.

び∠ラヲ⊥タゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ゅｚョぴ (They have no knowledge what soever of t hat . They do not hing but lie!) Muj ahid said, "They do not appreciat e t he power of Allah.''

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムジ ͡ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ べ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇モよ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰョぁ ユ͡ワゲ͡ ⇒∠をや∠￢ べ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠ワヲ⊥プゲ∠ ∇わョ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ∃ Α͡グルｚ リあョ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ボョぁ ユ͡ワゲ͡ ⇒∠をや∠￢ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユゎぁ ギ∠ィヱ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ン∠ギ∇ワほ∠よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヨボ∠ わ∠ ルゅ∠プ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ べ∠ヨよ͡ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ びリ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プ (21. Or have We given t hem any Book before t his (t he Qur'an) t o which t hey are holding fast ) (22. Nay! They say: "We found our fat hers following a cert ain way and religion, and we guide ourselves by t heir foot st eps.'') e(23. And similarly, We sent not a warner before you t o any t own (people) but t he luxurious ones among t hem said: "We found our fat hers following a cert ain way and religion, and we will indeed follow t heir foot st eps.'') (24. He said: "Even if I bring you bet t er guidance t han t hat which you found your fat hers following'' They said: "Verily, we disbelieve in t hat wit h which you have been sent .'') (25. So We t ook revenge on t hem, t hen see what was t he end of t hose who denied.)

The Idolators have no Proof Allah condemns t he idolat ors for worshipping ot hers inst ead of Allah wit h no evidence or proof for doing so.

び͡ヮヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or have We given t hem any Book before t his) means, before t heir idolat ry.

び∠ラヲ⊥ムジ ͡ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰ∠プぴ (t o which t hey are holding fast ) means, wit h regard t o what t hey are doing. This is not t he case. This is like t he Ayah:

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤｚム∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ (Or have We revealed t o t hem an aut horit y (a Script ure), which speaks of t hat which t hey have been associat ing wit h Him) (30:35) meaning, t hat did not happen. Then Allah says:

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ べ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇モよ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰョぁ ユ͡ワゲ͡ ⇒∠をや∠￢ (Nay! They say: "we found our fat hers following a cert ain way and religion (Ummah), and we guide ourselves by t heir foot st eps.'') meaning, t hey have no grounds for t heir belief in idolat ry apart from t he fact t hat t hey are imit at ing t heir fat hers and forefat hers who were following a cert ain Ummah or way, i.e., religion. The word Ummah is used in a similar manner elsewhere, where Allah says:

び⇔りギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ｚョぺ⊥ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (And verily, t his your religion (Ummah) is one religion) (23:52), and t hey said;

びユ͡ワゲ͡ ⇒∠をや∠￢ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and we by t heir foot st eps) means, behind t hem

び∠ラヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰョぁ ぴ (We guide ourselves) This is t heir claim wit h no evidence. Then Allah point s out t hat what t hese people say was already said by t hose who were like t hem among t he nat ions of t he past who disbelieved in t he Messengers. Their heart s and t heir words are similar.

Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ べ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇や∇ヲタ ∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ ぺ∠ - ∀ラヲ⊥レ∇イョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀ゲ͡エ⇒∠シ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピ⇒∠デ (Likewise, no Messenger came t o t hose before t hem but t hey said: "A sorcerer or a madman!'' Have t hey t ransmit t ed t his saying t o t hese Nay, t hey are t hemselves a people t ransgressing beyond bounds!) (51:52-53) And Allah says here:

ゲ∃ Α͡グルｚ リあョ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠シ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ べ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠ワヲ⊥プゲ∠ ∇わョ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ Ι ｚ ま͡ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ボョぁ ユ͡ワゲ͡ ⇒∠をや∠￢ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (And similarly, We sent not a warner before you t o any t own (people) but t he luxurious ones among t hem said: "We found our fat hers following a cert ain way and religion, and we will indeed follow t heir foot st eps.'') Then He says:

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say) -- ` O Muhammad, t o t hese idolat ors --'

∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユゎぁ ギ∠ィヱ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ン∠ギ∇ワ∠ほ͡よ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ べ∠ヨよ͡ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ("Even if I bring you bet t er guidance t han t hat which you found your fat hers following'' They said: "Verily, we disbelieve in t hat wit h which you have been sent .'') ` Even if t hey were convinced of t he t rut h of what you have brought t o t hem, t hey will not follow it , because of t heir evil int ent ions and t heir arrogance t owards t he t rut h and it s people.'

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヨボ∠ わ∠ ルゅ∠プぴ (So We t ook revenge on t hem) means, on t he disbelieving nat ions, by inflict ing various kinds of punishment s, as Allah has described in t he st ories of t hose nat ions.

び∠リΒ͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルゅ∠プぴ (t hen see what was t he end of t hose who denied) means, see what became of t hem, how t hey were dest royed and how Allah saved t he believers.

ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢へ∠ゲ∠よ ヴ͡レルｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ - リ ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΒ∠ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ヴ͡ルゲ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ン͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ∇モよ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ ボ͡ ハ ∠ ヴ͡プ る⇔ Β∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠よ る⇔ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠

ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ヱ∠ ￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ろ ⊥ ∇バｚわョ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀メヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゴあ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ ∇ユワ⊥ ぺ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ⊥ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ゼ ∠ Β͡バョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨジ ∠ ホ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨジ ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バプ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ る⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Α∂ ゲ͡ ∇ガシ ⊥ ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ヰツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚΒ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βら⊥ ャ͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャゅ͡よ ゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ ャｚ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ｚョぺ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヰ∠ ∇ヌΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∠ァ͡ケゅ∠バ∠ョ∠ヱ る∃ ツ ｚ プ͡ リあョ ゅ⇔ヘ⊥ボシ ⊥ ゅ⇔プ⊥ゲ∇カコ⊥ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゃム͡ わｚ Α∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ⇔やケ⊥ゲシ ⊥ ∠ヱ ⇔ゅよ∠ヲ∇よ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βら⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ⇒∠わョ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぁモミ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ (26. And (remember) when Ibrahim said t o his fat her and his people: "Verily, I am innocent of what you worship,'') (27. "Except Him Who creat ed me; and verily, He will guide me.'') (28. And he made it a word last ing among his offspring, t hat t hey may t urn back.) (29. Nay, but I gave t o t hese and t heir fat hers t o enj oy, t ill t here came t o t hem t he t rut h, and a Messenger making t hings clear.) (30. And when t he t rut h came t o t hem, t hey said: "This is magic, and we disbelieve t herein.'') (31. And t hey say: "Why is not t his Qur'an sent down t o some great man of t he t wo t owns'') (32. Is it t hey who would port ion out t he mercy of your Lord It is We Who port ion out bet ween t hem t heir livelihood in t his world, and We raised some of t hem above ot hers in ranks, so t hat some may employ ot hers in t heir work. But t he mercy of your Lord is bet t er t han what t hey amass.) (33. And were it not t hat mankind would have become of one communit y, We would have provided for t hose who disbelieve in t he Most Gracious, silver roofs for t heir houses, and elevat ors whereby t hey ascend,) (34. And for t heir houses, doors, and t hrones on which t hey could recline,) (35. And adornment s of gold. Yet all t his would have been not hing but an enj oyment of t his world. And t he Hereaft er wit h your Lord is for t hose who have Taqwa.)

Ibrahim's Declaration of Tawhid Here Allah t ells us about His servant , Messenger and close Friend, t he leader of t he monot heist s and t he fat her of all subsequent Prophet s, from whom Quraysh were descended and claimed t o have t aken t heir religion. He disowned his fat her's and his people's worship of idols and said:

ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢へ∠ゲ∠よ ヴ͡レルｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΒ∠ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ヴ͡ルゲ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ン͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ び͡ヮら͡ ボ͡ ハ ∠ ヴ͡プ る⇔ Β∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠よ る⇔ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ("Verily, I am innocent of what you worship, except Him Who creat ed me; and verily, He will guide me.'' And he made it a Word last ing among his offspring,) The Word means t he worship of Allah Alone wit h no part ner or associat e, and t he denunciat ion of all gods apart from Him, i.e., La ilaha illallah. He left t his word as an example t o be followed by t hose of his progeny who were guided by Allah.

び∠ラヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (t hat t hey may t urn back.) means, come back t o t his word. ` Ikrimah, Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah, As-Suddi and ot hers comment ed on t he Ayah:

び͡ヮら͡ ボ͡ ハ ∠ ヴ͡プ る⇔ Β∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠よ る⇔ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And he made it a Word last ing among his offspring,) "This means, La ilaha illallah, and t here are st ill t hose among his offspring who say it .'' A similar view was narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him. Ibn Zayd said, "The word of Islam,'' which refers t o t he same t hing suggest ed by t he group.

How the People of Makkah turned away from the Messenger and opposed Him, and His Response Allah furt her says:

び͡￢Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ろ ⊥ ∇バｚわョ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, but I gave t o t hese) means, t he idolat ors,

び∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ

(and t heir fat hers) means, t hey lived a long life in t heir misguidance.

び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀メヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (t ill t here came t o t hem t he t rut h, and a Messenger making t hings clear.) means, his message is clear and his warning is clear.

ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ (And when t he t rut h came t o t hem, t hey said: "This is magic, and we disbelieve t herein.'') means, t hey were arrogant and st ubborn, and t hey pushed him away out of disbelief, envy and t ransgression.

び∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey say) means, obj ect ing t o t hat which Allah has revealed t o him,

リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ⊥ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゴあ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ び∃ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ (Why is not t his Qur'an sent down t o some great man of t he t wo t owns) meaning, why was t his Qur'an not revealed t o some man who was great and prominent in t heir eyes, from t he t wo t owns, i.e., Makkah and At -Ta'if This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, ` Ikrimah, Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi, Qat adah, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd. Several scholars of Tafsir st at ed t hat by t his, t he Quraysh meant Al-Walid bin Al-Mughirah and ` Urwah bin Mas` ud At h-Thaqafi. The apparent meaning is t hat what t hey meant was a great man from eit her of t he t wo t owns. Allah responded t o t heir rej ect ion by saying:

び∠マよあ ケ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨジ ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぺ∠ぴ (Is it t hey who would port ion out t he mercy of your Lord) meaning, t he mat t er has not hing t o do wit h t hem; it is for Allah t o decide. Allah knows best where t o direct His Message, and He does not reveal it except t o t he one who is t he purest in heart and soul, and of t he noblest descent . Then Allah point s out t hat He different iat es among His creat ion in t erms of what He gives t hem of wealt h, provision, int ellect , underst anding and ot her visible and hidden st rengt hs:

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ゼ ∠ Β͡バョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨジ ∠ ホ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ぴ (It is We Who port ion out bet ween t hem t heir livelihood in t his world,)

び⇔ゅΑ∂ ゲ͡ ∇ガシ ⊥ ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ヰツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Β∠ ャあぴ (so t hat some may employ ot hers in t heir work.) It was said t hat t his means t hat some employ ot hers in t heir work, because one needs t he ot her, and vice versa. This was t he view of AsSuddi and ot hers.

び∠ラヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (But t he mercy of your Lord is bet t er t han which t hey amass.) means, t he mercy of Allah t owards His creat ion is bet t er for t hem t han t he wealt h and conveniences of t his world which t hey possess.

Wealth is not a Sign of Divine Pleasure

び⇔りギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚ ぺ⊥ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And were it not t hat mankind would have become of one communit y,) means, ` were it not for t he fact t hat many ignorant people would t hink t hat Our giving t hem wealt h was a sign t hat We love t he person t o whom We give it , and t hus t hey would have agreed upon disbelief for t he sake of wealt h.' This is t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, As-Suddi and ot hers.

リあョ ゅ⇔ヘ⊥ボシ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βら⊥ ャ͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャゅ͡よ ゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ ャｚぴ び∠ァケ͡ ゅ∠バョ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ ツ ｚ プ͡ (We would have provided for t hose who disbelieve in t he Most Gracious, silver roofs for t heir houses, and elevat ors) means, ladders and st aircases of silver. This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Qat adah, As-Suddi, Ibn Zayd and ot hers.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヰ∠ ∇ヌΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ぴ (whereby t hey ascend,) means, go up. And t heir houses would have doors, i.e., locks on t heir doors,

び∠ラヲ⊥ゃム͡ わｚ Α∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や⇔ケ⊥ゲシ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hrones on which t hey could recline,) means, all of t hat would be made of silver.

び⇔ゅプ⊥ゲ∇カコ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And adornment s) means, and gold. This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, Qat adah, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd.

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ⇒∠わョ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぁモミ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (Yet all t his would have been not hing but an enj oyment of t his world.) means, all t hat belongs t o t his t ransient world which is insignificant before Allah. He hast ens t heir reward for good deeds in t he form of luxuries in t his world, so t hat when t hey reach t he Hereaft er, t hey will have no good merit s wit h Allah for which t hey may be rewarded, as was report ed in t he Sahih Hadit h. It was report ed in anot her Hadit h:

ゅ∠ョ る∃ ッ ∠ ヲ⊥バよ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ラ ⊥ ゴ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠» «￢ゅ∠ョ る∠ よ∠ ∇ゲセ ∠ や⇔ゲプ͡ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヴ∠ボシ ∠ (If t his world were wort h a gnat 's wing before Allah, He would not give a disbeliever a drink of wat er.) Al-Baghawi narrat ed it s chain of narrat ion.

び∠リΒ͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ やヱ∠ ぴ (And t he Hereaft er wit h your Lord is (only) for t hose who have Taqwa.) means, it is exclusively for t hem, and no one else will share it wit h t hem. When ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab, may Allah be pleased wit h him, visit ed t he Messenger of Allah in seclusion, when he was keeping away from his wives, and he saw him rest ing on a rough mat which had left marks on his side, his eyes filled wit h t ears and he said, "O Messenger of Allah, look at t his Chosroes and t his Caesar wit h all t hat t hey have, and you are t he best of Allah's creat ion. '' The Messenger of Allah was reclining, but he sat up and said:

«∨͡ゆゅｚトガ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇よや ゅ∠Α ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ マ ∠セ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヱ∠ ぺ∠» (Are you in doubt , O son of Al-Khat t ab) Then he said:

ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠Βェ ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ら⇒あΒ⇒∠デ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろヤ∠イ あハ ⊥ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ャヱ⊥ぺ» «ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや (Those are people for whom t he enj oyment s are hast ened in t his world.) According t o anot her report :

«り∠ゲカ ͡ ゅ∇ャや ゅ∠レャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ム⇒⇒∠ゎ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョぺ∠» (Does it not please you t hat t his world is for t hem and t he Hereaft er is for us) In as t he Two Sahihs and elsewhere, it is report ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩͡るツ ｚ ヘ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ワ∠ グｚ ャや る͡ Β∠ ル͡ へ ヶ͡プ やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» ヶ͡プ ゅ∠レャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ͡み∠プ ∩ゅ∠ヰプ͡ ゅ∠エタ ͡ ヶ͡プ «り∠ゲカ ͡ ゅ∇ャや (Do not drink from vessels of gold and silver, and do not eat from plat es of t he same, for t hese t hings are for t hem in t his world and for us in t he Hereaft er.) Allah has grant ed t hese t hings t o t hem in t his world because it is insignificant , as was report ed by At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah via Abu Hazim from Sahl bin Sa` d, who said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ゅ∠ョ る∃ ッ ∠ ヲ⊥バよ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ラ ⊥ ゴ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ろ ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠» «や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∃ ゅ∠ョ る∠ よ∠ ∇ゲセ ∠ や⇔ゲプ͡ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヴ∠ボシ ∠ n(If t his world were wort h a gnat 's wing before Allah, He would never give a disbeliever a drink of wat er.)'' At -Tirmidhi said: "Hasan Sahih.''

ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ト∇Βセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ヂΒあ ボ∠ ル⊥ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ズ ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Β∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ∀リΑ͡ゲ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰョぁ ユ⊥ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ -リ ⊥ Α͡ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βホ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇バよ⊥ マ ∠ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡レ∇Βよ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠Α ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠ニ ｚ ク͡ま ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ バ∠ ヘ∠ レ∠Α リ∠ャヱ∠ ヴ ∠ ∇ヨバ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ユｚ ダ ぁ ャや ノ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ジゎ⊥ ろ ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ わ∠ ∇ゼョ⊥ ゅｚルみ͡プ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ リ ｚ ら∠ ワ∠ ∇グル∠ ゅｚョみ͡プ∠ - リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゅｚルみ͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ ン͡グャｚや マ ∠ レｚ Α∠ ゲ͡ ル⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ͡ボ∠わレぁョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よ ∇マジ ͡ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケギ͡ わ∠ ∇ボョぁ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ ャｚ ゲ∀ ∇ミグ͡ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡

ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇モゃ∇シや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジゎ⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ぺ∠ べレ∠ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケぁ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら∠ ∇バΑ⊥ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ (36. And whosoever Ya` shu (t urns away blindly) from t he remembrance of t he Most Gracious, We appoint for him Shayt an t o be a Qarin (a companion) t o him.) (37. And verily, t hey hinder t hem from t he pat h, but t hey t hink t hat t hey are guided aright !) (38. Till, when (such a one) comes t o Us, he says, "Would t hat bet ween me and you were t he dist ance of t he t wo east s (or t he east and west ) a worst companion (indeed)!'') (39. It will profit you not t his Day as you did wrong, (and) t hat you will be sharers in t he punishment .) (40. Can you make t he deaf t o hear, or can you guide t he blind or him who is in manifest error) (41. And even if We t ake you away, We shall indeed t ake vengeance on t hem.) (42. Or (if) We show you t hat wherewit h We t hreat en t hem, t hen verily, We have perfect command over t hem.) (43. So hold you fast t o t hat which is revealed t o you. Verily, you are on t he st raight pat h.) (44. And verily, t his is indeed a Dhikr for you and your people, and you will be quest ioned.) (45. And ask whom We sent before you of Our Messengers: "Did We ever appoint gods t o be worshipped besides t he Most Gracious'')

The Shaytan is the Companion of the One Who turns away from ArRahman

び⊥ズ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever Ya` shu (t urns away blindly)) means, whoever willfully ignores and t urns away

び͡リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハぴ (from t he remembrance of t he Most Gracious,) Al-` Asha (t he root of Ya` sh) refers t o weakness of vision; what is meant here is weakness of insight .

び∀リΑ͡ゲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ト∇Βセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ヂΒあ ボ∠ ル⊥ ぴ (We appoint for him Shayt an t o be a Qarin (a companion) t o him.) This is like t he Ayat :

びン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ペ ͡ ホ͡ ゅ∠ゼΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whoever cont radict s and opposes t he Messenger aft er t he right pat h has been shown clearly t o him) (4:115),

び∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや パ ∠ や∠コぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ビや∠コ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (So when t hey t urned away, Allah t urned t heir heart s away) (61:5), and

∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レΑｚ ゴ∠ プ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ルゲ∠ ホ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ツΒｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (And We have assigned for t hem int imat e companions, who have made fair seeming t o t hem, what was before t hem and what was behind t hem) (41:25). Allah says here:

ユ⊥ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Β∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰョぁ (And verily, t hey hinder t hem from t he pat h, but t hey t hink t hat t hey are guided aright ! Unt il, when he comes t o Us,) meaning, for t his person who willfully neglect s t rue guidance, We send t o him a Shayt an t o lead him ast ray and show him t he pat h t o Hell. When he comes before Allah on t he Day of Resurrect ion, he will complain about t he Shayt an who was appoint ed t o accompany him.

ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βホ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇バよ⊥ マ ∠ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡レ∇Βよ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び⊥リΑ͡ゲボ∠ ∇ャや (he says, "Would t hat bet ween me and you were t he dist ance of t he t wo east s -- a worst companion (indeed)!'') Some of t hem recit ed it ; (ヴ∇わェ ∠ や∠ク͡ま ゅ∠ルや∠￢ゅ∠ィ) (Till, when t hey bot h come t o Us.) referring t o t he companion Shayt an and t he one whom he accompanies. Then Allah says:

ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠ニ ｚ ク͡ま ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ バ∠ ヘ∠ レ∠Α リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ わ∠ ∇ゼョ⊥ (It will profit you not t his Day as you did wrong, (and) t hat you will be sharers in t he punishment .) means, ` your being t oget her in t he Fire will not help you in t he slight est , and you will bot h part ake of t he painful punishment .' Allah says:

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ ∠ ∇ヨバ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ユｚ ダ ぁ ャや ノ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ジゎ⊥ ろ ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ

Can you make t he deaf t o hear, or can you guide t he blind or him who is in manifest error∨ means, ` t hat is not up t o you. All you have t o do is convey t he Message, but you do not have t o guide t hem. Allah guides whomsoever He wills and sends ast ray whomsoever He wills, and He is Wise and Just in doing so.'

Allah's Vengeance upon the Enemies of His Messenger will surely come to pass Allah furt her says:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨボ͡ わ∠ レぁョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ゅｚルみ͡プ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ リ ｚ ら∠ ワ∠ ∇グル∠ ゅｚョみ͡プ∠ ぴ (And even if We t ake you away, We shall indeed t ake vengeance on t hem.) means, ` We will inevit ably wreak vengeance upon t hem and punish t hem, even if you pass away.'

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケギ͡ わ∠ ∇ボョぁ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅｚルみ͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ ン͡グャｚや マ ∠ レｚ Α∠ ゲ͡ ル⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or (if) We show you t hat wherewit h We t hreat en t hem, t hen verily, We have perfect command over t hem.) means, ` We are able t o do bot h,' but Allah will not t ake His Messenger (in deat h) unt il He gives him t he j oy of seeing his enemies brought low and gives him power and aut horit y over t hem and t heir wealt h. This was t he view of As-Suddi and was t he opinion favored by Ibn Jarir.

Encouragement to adhere to the Qur'an Allah t hen says;

ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よ ∇マジ ͡ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ び ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ (So hold you fast t o t hat which is revealed t o you. Verily, you are on t he st raight pat h.) means, hold fast t o t he Qur'an which has been sent down t o your heart , for it is t rut h and what it leads t o is t rut h t hat shows t he way t o t he st raight pat h t hat leads t o Gardens of Delight and et ernal, everlast ing goodness.

び∠マョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャｚ ゲ∀ ∇ミグ͡ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, t his is a Dhikr for you and your people,) It was said t hat t his means, ` it is an honor for you and your people;' t his was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Muj ahid, Qat adah, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd. This means t hat it is an honor for t hem in t hat it was revealed in t heir language, so t hey are t he people who have t he best underst anding of it among mankind and hence are obliged t o be t he most st eadfast in adhering t o it s commandment s. This

is how t he best of t hem were, t he first immigrant s and t hose who emulat ed t hem and followed t hem. It was also said t hat t he meaning of t he phrase;

び∠マョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャｚ ゲ∀ ∇ミグ͡ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, t his is indeed a Dhikr for you and your people,) was t hat ` it was sent t o remind you and your people.' The fact t hat t hey are singled out does not exclude ot hers. This is like t he Ayat :

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ミク͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Indeed, We have sent down for you (O mankind) a Book in which t here is Dhikrukum (your Reminder). Will you not t hen underst and) (21:10)

びリ ∠ Β͡よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘやマ ∠ ゎ∠ ゲ∠ Β͡ゼハ ∠ ∇ケグ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And warn your t ribe of near kindred) (26:214)

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジゎ⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and you will be quest ioned.) means, ` about t his Qur'an, and how you act ed upon it and what your response t o it was.'

ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠レ͡ヤシ ⊥ ケぁ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇モゃ∇シや∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら∠ ∇バΑ⊥ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ (And ask whom We sent before you of Our Messengers: "Did We ever appoint gods t o be worshipped besides t he Most Gracious'') means, ` all t he Messengers called t heir people t o t he same as t hat t o which you are calling mankind, namely t he worship of Allah Alone wit h no part ner or associat e, and t hey forbade t he worship of idols and false gods.' This is like t he Ayah:

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∠れヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚト∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ (And verily, We have sent among every Ummah (nat ion) a Messenger (proclaiming): "Worship Allah, and avoid all false deit ies.'') (16:36) Muj ahid said t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud recit ed it : (͡メほ∠∇シや∠ヱ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡∇ユヰ͡ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ (∇リョ͡ ) ゅ∠レヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ) (And ask t hose whom We sent before you of Our Messengers.) This was narrat ed by Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak and As-Suddi from Ibn Mas` ud, may Allah be pleased wit h him. Yet t his appears t o be an explanat ion rat her t han an alt ernat e version of recit at ion. And Allah knows best .

ヮ͡ ∇ΑΚ ６ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴあルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∇リョあ ユ͡ヰΑ͡ ゲ͡ ル⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムエ ∠ ∇ツΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ユ⊥ワ や∠クま͡ べ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ Α∠ や∠￢ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ネ ⊥ ∇キや ゲ⊥ ェ ͡ ゅｚジャや ヮ∠ Αぁ ほ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヘゼ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レルｚ ま͡ ポ ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ギ∠ ヰ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥んム⊥ レ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クま͡ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ (46. And indeed We did send Musa wit h Our Ayat t o Fir` awn and his chiefs. He said: "Verily, I am a Messenger of t he Lord of all t hat exist s.'') (47. But when he came t o t hem wit h Our Ayat , behold, t hey laughed at t hem). (48. And not an Ayah We showed t hem but it was great er t han it s fellow preceding it , and We seized t hem wit h t orment , in order t hat t hey might t urn.) (49. And t hey said (t o Musa): "O you sorcerer! Invoke your Lord for us according t o what He has made a pact wit h you. Verily, We shall guide ourselves.'') (50. But when We removed t he t orment from t hem, behold, t hey broke t heir covenant .)

Musa was sent with the Message of Tawhid to Fir` awn and His Chiefs Here Allah t ells us about His servant and Messenger Musa, peace be upon him, and how He sent him t o Fir` awn and his chiefs. That is, his governors, minist ers, leaders and followers among t he Egypt ians and t he Children of Israel. Allah sent him t o call t hem t o worship Allah alone, wit h no part ner or associat e, and t o forbid t hem from worshipping anyt hing ot her t han Him. He sent him wit h might y signs, such as his hand and his st aff, ot her signs such as t he flood, locust s, Qummal, frogs and blood, and t he loss of t heir crops and lives. Yet despit e all t hat t hey remained arrogant and st ubbornly refused t o follow him; t hey rej ect ed his message and made fun of it , and laughed at t he one who had brought it .

びゅ∠ヰわ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ Α∠ や∠￢ ∇リョあ ユ͡ヰΑ͡ ゲ͡ ル⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And not an Ayah We showed t hem but it was great er t han it s fellow preceding it ,) but despit e t hat t hey would not give up t heir sin, misguidance, ignorance and confusion. Every t ime one of t hese signs came t o t hem, t hey would go and implore Musa, saying,

び⊥ゲェ ͡ ゅｚジャや ヮ∠ Αぁ ほ∠Αぴ

("O you sorcerer!...'') meaning, expert or knowledgeable one -- t his was t he view of Ibn Jarir. The scholars of t hat t ime were t he sorcerers or magicians, and magic was not regarded as somet hing reprehensible by t hem at t hat t ime, so t his was not a slight on t heir part . They were in a st at e of need, so it would not have been appropriat e for t hem t o insult him. This was a way of honoring him, as t hey t hought . On each occasion, t hey promised Musa t hat if t he t orment was lift ed from t hem, t hey would believe in him and let t he Children of Israel go wit h him, but on each occasion t hey went back on t heir word. This is like t he Ayat :

モ ∠ ヨｚ ボ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ キ∠ や∠ゲイ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ゅ∠プヲぁトャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ぴ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ れ ∃ Κ ∠ダ ｚ ヘ∠ ョ∂ ろ ∃ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ュ∠ ギｚ ャや∠ヱ ネ ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠ヘツ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゴ⊥ ∇ィあゲャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ノ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョぁ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ リ͡ゃャ∠ ポ ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ギ∠ ヰ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ネ ⊥ ∇キや ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ マ ∠ バ∠ ョ∠ リ ｚ ヤ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲレ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ｚ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽレ⊥ ャ∠ ゴ∠ ∇ィゲあ ャや ゅｚレ∠ハ ろ ∠ ∇ヘゼ ∠ ミ∠ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゴ∠ ∇ィゲあ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヘゼ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥んム⊥ レ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クま͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ピヤ͡⇒∠よ ユ⊥ワ (So We sent on t hem: t he flood, t he locust s, t he Qummal, t he frogs, and t he blood; manifest signs, yet t hey remained arrogant , and t hey were of t hose people who were criminals. And when t he punishment st ruck t hem, t hey said: "O Musa! Invoke your Lord for us because of His promise t o you. If you remove t he punishment from us, we indeed shall believe in you, and we shall let t he Children of Israel go wit h you.'' But when We removed t he punishment from t hem t o a fixed t erm, which t hey had t o reach, behold! t hey broke t heir word!) (7:133-135)

ヴ͡ャ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ン∠キゅ∠ルヱ∠ ぴ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ͡わ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ダョ͡ マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ∀リΒ͡ヰョ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ン͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇リョあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ べ∠ル∠ぺ ∇ュぺ∠ - ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ダ∇らゎ⊥ リョあ り∀ ケ∠ ヲ͡ ∇シぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ - リ ⊥ Β͡らΑ⊥ キ⊥ ゅ∠ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ブ ｚ ガ ∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ - リ ∠ Β͡ルゲ͡ わ∠ ∇ボョ⊥ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヱぺ∠ ょ ∃ ワ∠ ク∠ べｚヨ∠ヤ∠プ - リ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠プ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ハゅ∠デほ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠

- リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホゲ∠ ∇ビほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヨボ∠ わ∠ ルや ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヘシ ∠ や∠￢ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Κ ｘ ャあ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ∠ヤシ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ (51. And Fir` awn proclaimed among his people (saying): "O my people! Is not mine t he dominion of Egypt , and t hese rivers flowing underneat h me. See you not t hen'') (52. "Am I not bet t er t han t his one (Musa) who is despicable and can scarcely express himself clearly'') (53. Why t hen are not golden bracelet s best owed on him, or angels sent along wit h him'') (54. Thus he fooled his people, and t hey obeyed him. Verily, t hey were ever a people who were rebellious.) (55. So when t hey angered Us, We punished t hem, and drowned t hem all.) (56. And We made t hem a precedent , and an example t o lat er generat ions.)

Fir` awn's Address to His People and how Allah punished Him Allah t ells us how Fir` awn st ubbornly persist ed in his rebellion and disbelief. He assembled his people and addressed t hem in a vainglorious fashion, boast ing of his dominion over Egypt .

リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ダョ͡ マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヴ͡ャ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ぴ びヴ͡わ∇エゎ∠ (Is not mine t he dominion of Egypt , and t hese rivers flowing underneat h me) Qat adah said, "They had gardens and rivers of flowing wat er.''

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ぺぴ (See you not t hen) means, ` do you not see my posit ion of might and power' -- implying t hat Musa and his followers were poor and weak. This is like t he Ayah:

ロ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ - ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ぁよケ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅボ∠ プ∠ - ン∠キゅ∠レプ∠ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠エ ∠ プ∠ ぴ び ヴ∠ャ∇ヱΙ ｙ や∠ヱ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやメ ∠ ゅ∠ムル∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (Then he gat hered (his people) and cried aloud, saying: "I am your lord, most high.'' So Allah seized him wit h punishment for his last and first t ransgression.) (79:23-25)

び∀リΒ͡ヰョ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ン͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇リョあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ べ∠ル∠ぺ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Am I not bet t er t han t his one who is despicable) As-Suddi said, "He was saying, ` indeed I am bet t er t han t his one, who is despicable'.'' Some of t he grammarians of Basrah said t hat Fir` awn -- may t he curse of Allah be upon him -- was saying t hat he was bet t er t han Musa, peace be upon him. But t his is an obvious lie, may cont inued curses be upon him unt il t he Day of

Resurrect ion. By describing Musa as despicable he meant -- as Sufyan said -- insignificant . Qat adah and As-Suddi said, "He meant , weak.'' Ibn Jarir said, "He meant , he had no power, aut horit y or wealt h.''

び⊥リΒ͡らΑ⊥ キ⊥ ゅ∠ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and can scarcely express himself clearly) means, he cannot speak clearly, he st ammers and cannot speak well. Fir` awn's descript ion of Musa as "despicable'' is a lie; rat her it is he who was despicable and insignificant , lacking in physical, moral and religious t erms, and it is Musa who was noble, t rut hful, right eous and upright .

び⊥リΒ͡らΑ⊥ キ⊥ ゅ∠ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and can scarcely express himself clearly). This was also a lie. Alt hough somet hing happened t o Musa's t ongue when he was a child, when it was burnt by a coal. He asked Allah t o loosen t he knot from his t ongue (i.e., t o correct his speech defect ) so t hat t hey could underst and what he said, and Allah had answered his prayer and said:

びヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ マ ∠ ャ∠∇ぽシ ⊥ ろ ∠ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (You are grant ed your request , O Musa) (20:36). It may be t he case t hat some problem remained which he had not asked t o be relieved of, as Al-Hasan Al-Basri suggest ed, and t hat he had asked only t o be relieved of t hat which st ood in t he way of his conveying t he Message. A person cannot be blamed for physical mat t ers over which he has no cont rol. Even t hough Fir` awn had t he int elligence t o underst and t hat , he want ed t o confuse and mislead his people, who were ignorant and st upid. So he said:

び∃ょワ∠ ク∠ リあョ り∀ ケ∠ ヲ͡ ∇シぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (Why t hen are not golden bracelet s best owed on him...) meaning, adornment s which are placed on t he arms. This was t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Qat adah and ot hers.

び∠リΒ͡ルゲ͡ わ∠ ∇ボョ⊥ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or angels sent along wit h him) meaning, t o serve him and t o t est ify t hat he is t elling t he t rut h. He looked only at out ward appearances and did not underst and t he t rue inner mat t ers t hat are clearer t han what he focused on, if only he had underst ood t hat . Allah says:

び⊥ロヲ⊥ハゅ∠デほ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ブ ｚ ガ ∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ (Thus he fooled his people, and t hey obeyed him.) meaning, he confused t hem and invit ed t hem t o misguidance, and t hey responded t o him.

び∠リΒ͡ボジ ͡ ⇒プ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hey were ever a people who were rebellious.) Then Allah says:

びリ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホゲ∠ ∇ビほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヨボ∠ わ∠ ルや ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヘシ ∠ や∠￢ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (So when t hey angered Us, We punished t hem, and drowned t hem all.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said it means: "When t hey angered Us means, t hey provoked Our wrat h.'' Ad-Dahhak said, it means "They made Us angry.'' This was also t he view of Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Muhammad bin Ka` b AlQurazi, Qat adah, As-Suddi and ot her scholars of Tafsir. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Uqbah bin ` Amir, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ゅ∠ョ ギ∠ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡ト∇バΑ⊥ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぶ ∠ や ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡» マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩͡ヮΒ͡タゅ∠バョ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ∀ユΒ͡ボョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩⊥￢ゅ∠ゼΑ∠ «ヮ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∀ァや∠ケ∇ギわ͡ ∇シや (When you see t hat Allah gives a person what he want s even t hough he is persist ing in sin, t hat means t hat Allah is ent icing him int o dest ruct ion.) Then he recit ed:

びリ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホゲ∠ ∇ビほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヨボ∠ わ∠ ルや ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヘシ ∠ や∠￢ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (So when t hey angered Us, We punished t hem, and drowned t hem all.) It was report ed t hat Tariq bin Shihab said, "I was wit h ` Abdullah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, and t he issue of sudden deat h was ment ioned. He said, ` It is a relief for t he believer and a source of regret for t he disbeliever.' Then he recit ed t he Ayah:

びリ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホゲ∠ ∇ビほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヨボ∠ わ∠ ルや ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヘシ ∠ や∠￢ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (So when t hey angered Us, We punished t hem, and drowned t hem all). '' ` Umar bin ` Abdul` Aziz, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "I found t hat punishment comes wit h negligence, meaning t he Ayah:

びリ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホゲ∠ ∇ビほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヨボ∠ わ∠ ルや ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヘシ ∠ や∠￢ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (So when t hey angered Us, We punished t hem, and drowned t hem all).''

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Κ ｘ ャあ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ∠ヤシ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ぴ

(And We made t hem a precedent , and an example t o lat er generat ions.) Abu Mij laz said, "Precedent for ot hers who do t he same as t hey did.'' He and Muj ahid said, "An example, i.e., a lesson t o t hose who come aft er t hem.'' Allah is t he One Who guides t o t he st raight pat h, and unt o Him is t he final ret urn.

ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ や∠クま͡ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ゆ ∠ ゲ͡ ッ ⊥ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ッ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ュぺ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠ぺ￢∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ͡ Α∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ カ ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ Ι ∠ ギ∠ ィ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ -モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レら∠ ャあ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∀ギ∇ら∠ハ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ る⇔ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョｚ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ラ ｚ ゲ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジヤあャ ユ∀ ∇ヤバ͡ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚルｚギダ ⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∀ ゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ムャ∠ リ ∠ Βあ よ∠ Ε ⊥ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ムわ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギホ∠ メ ∠ ゅホ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ -ラ ͡ ヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヅ ∀ ゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ モ ∀ ∇Αヲ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ ゆ ⊥ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘや ブ ∠ ヤ∠わ∠ ∇カゅ∠プ - ∀ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ び ユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ (57. And when t he son of Maryam is quot ed as an example, behold, your people cry aloud t hereat .) (58. And say: "Are our gods bet t er or is he'' They quot ed not t he above example except for argument . Nay! But t hey are a quarrelsome people.) (59. He was not more t han a servant . We grant ed Our favor t o him, and We made him an example for t he Children of Israel.) (60. And if it were Our will, We would have made angels t o replace you on t he eart h.) (61. And he shall be a known sign for (t he coming of) t he Hour. Therefore have no doubt concerning it . And follow Me! This is t he st raight pat h.) (62. And let not Shayt an hinder you. Verily, he (Shayt an) t o you is a plain enemy.) (63. And when ` Isa came wit h clear proofs, he said: "I have come t o you wit h Al-Hikmah, and in order t o make clear t o you some of t hat in which you differ. Therefore have Taqwa of Allah and obey me.'') (64. "Verily, Allah! He is my Lord and

your Lord. So worship Him. This is t he st raight pat h.'') (65. But t he sect s from among t hemselves differed. So woe t o t hose who do wrong from t he t orment of a painful Day!)

The Contempt of the Quraysh for the son of Maryam, and His true Status with Allah Allah t ells us how t he Quraysh persist ed in t heir disbelief and st ubborn argument s:

ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ や∠クま͡ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ゆ ∠ ゲ͡ ッ ⊥ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ͡ Α∠ (And when t he son of Maryam is quot ed as an example, behold, your people cry aloud t hereat .) Several ot hers narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, AsSuddi and Ad-Dahhak said, "They laughed, i.e., t hey were ast ounded by t hat .'' Qat adah said, "They were repelled by t hat and t hey laughed.'' Ibrahim An-Nakha` i said, "They t urned away.'' The reason for t his was ment ioned by Muhammad bin Ishaq in As-Sirah. He said, "According t o what I have heard, t he Messenger of Allah sat down one day wit h Al-Walid bin Al-Mughirah in t he Masj id, and An-Nadr bin Al-Harit h came and sat down wit h t hem. There were also ot her men from t he Quraysh in t he gat hering. The Messenger of Allah spoke, t hen An-Nadr bin AlHarit h came up t o him and t he Messenger of Allah spoke t o him unt il he defeat ed him in argument . Then he recit ed t o him and t o t hem,

ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ょ ⊥ ダ ∠ ェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥キケ͡ や∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ (Cert ainly you and t hat which you are worshipping now besides Allah, are (but ) fuel for Hell! (Surely) you will ent er it .) (21:98) Then t he Messenger of Allah got up and went t o sit wit h ` Abdullah bin Al-Zab` ari At -Tamimi. Al-Walid bin Al-Mughirah said t o him, ` By Allah, An-Nadr bin Al-Harit h could not mat ch t he son of ` Abd Al-Mut t alib in argument . Muhammad claims t hat we and t hese gods t hat we worship are fuel for Hell.' ` Abdullah bin Az-Zab` ari said, ` By Allah, if I meet wit h him I will defeat him in argument . Ask Muhammad whet her everyone t hat is worshipped inst ead of Allah will be in Hell wit h t hose who worshipped him, for we worship t he angels, and t he Jews worship ` Uzayr, and t he Christ ians worship t he Messiah ` Isa bin Maryam.' Al-Walid and t hose who were sit t ing wit h him were amazed at what ` Abdullah bin Az-Zab` ari said, and t hey t hought t hat he had come up wit h a good point . He said t his t o t he Messenger of Allah , who said:

∇リョ∠ ノ∠ ョ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ぶ ͡ やラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ ∇リョ͡ ギ∠ ら∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ぁモミ⊥ » ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩⊥ロギ∠ ら∠ ハ ∠ «ヮ͡ゎキ∠ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡

(Everyone who likes t o worship somet hing ot her t han Allah will be wit h t he one whom he worshipped, for indeed t hey are worshipping t he Shayt an and whomever t old t hem t o worship t hat person.)'' Then Allah revealed t he words:

ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ゅｚレョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギバ∠ ∇らョ⊥ (Verily, t hose for whom t he good has preceded from Us, t hey will be removed far t herefrom (Hell)) (21:101), meaning t hat ` Isa, ` Uzayr and rabbis and monks who were also worshipped, who spent t heir lives in devot ion t owards Allah. The misguided people who came aft er t hem t ook t hem as lords inst ead of Allah. Concerning t he not ion of worshipping t he angels as daught ers of Allah, t he following words were revealed:

∀キゅ∠ら͡ハ ∇モよ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ∠ ∇ムョぁ (And t hey say: "The Most Gracious has begot t en a son (or children).'' Glory t o Him! They are but honored servant s.) (21:26) Concerning ` Isa bin Maryam, t he fact t hat he is worshipped inst ead of Allah, and t o t he amazement of Al-Walid and t he ot hers who were present at t he argument , t he following was revealed:

ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ や∠クま͡ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ゆ ∠ ゲ͡ ッ ⊥ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ͡ Α∠ (And when t he son of Maryam is quot ed as an example, behold, your people cry aloud t hereat .) meaning, t hey t ake t his argument as a basis for rej ect ing your message. Then Allah ment ions ` Isa bin Maryam and says:

ヴ͡レら∠ ャあ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∀ギ∇ら∠ハ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ぴ ヴ͡プ る⇔ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョｚ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - モ ∠ Α￢͡ ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ び͡るハ ∠ ゅｚジヤあャ ユ∀ ∇ヤバ͡ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや (He was not more t han a servant . We grant ed Our favor t o him, and We made him an example for t he Children of Israel. And if it were Our will, We would have made angels t o replace you on t he eart h. And he (` Isa) shall be a known sign for t he Hour. ) meaning, t he miracles and signs t hat happened at his hands, such as raising t he dead and healing t he sick, are sufficient as signs of t he approach of t he Hour.

び∀ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∀ ゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ｚ ゲ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Therefore have no doubt concerning it . And follow Me! This is t he st raight pat h).'' Ibn Jarir ment ioned t hat Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, comment ed on t he Ayah:

ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ や∠クま͡ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ゆ ∠ ゲ͡ ッ ⊥ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ͡ Α∠ (And when t he son of Maryam is quot ed as an example, behold, your people cry aloud t hereat .) "This means t he Quraysh, when it was said t o t hem:

ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ょ ⊥ ダ ∠ ェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥キケ͡ や∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ (Cert ainly you and t hat which you are worshipping now besides Allah, are (but ) fuel for Hell! (Surely) you will ent er it .) (21:98) The Quraysh said t o him: ` What about ` Isa bin Maryam' He said:

«ヮ⊥ャヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や⊥ギ∇らハ ∠ ポ ∠ や∠ク» (He is t he servant and Messenger of Allah.) They said, ` By Allah, he means t hat we should t ake him as a lord j ust as t he Christ ians t ook ` Isa son of Maryam as a lord.' Then Allah said:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ カ ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ Ι ∠ ギ∠ ィ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ッ ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (They quot ed not t he above example except for argument . Nay! But t hey are a quarrelsome people).''

び∠ヲワ⊥ ∇ュぺ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠ぺ￢∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And say: "Are our gods bet t er or is he''). Qat adah said, "They were saying, ` our gods are bet t er t han him'.'' Qat adah said; "Ibn Mas` ud, may Allah be pleased wit h him, recit ed it (ゅ∠レわ⊥ ヰ∠ ャ͡へ∠ぺ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ュぺ∠ や∠グワ) (Are our gods bet t er or is t his (person))'' t hey mean Muhammad .

び∠Ιギ∠ ィ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ッ ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ

(They quot ed not t he above example except for argument .) means, for t he sake of st ubborn argument , for t hey knew t hat he (` Isa ) was not included in t he Ayah (21:98), because t hat would not make sense. The words,

び∠ユレｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ょ ⊥ ダ ∠ ェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Cert ainly you and t hat which you are worshipping now besides Allah, are (but ) fuel for Hell!) (21:98) are addressed t o t he Quraysh, for t hey used t o worship idols and false gods -- t hey did not worship t he Messiah so why should he be included in what t he Ayah says What t hey said was only for t he sake of argument ; t hey did not really believe in it . Imam Ahmad, may Allah have mercy on him, recorded t hat Abu Umamah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

やヲ⊥をケ͡ ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゅｚャま͡ ∩͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ モ ｚッ ∠ ゅ∠ョ» «メ∠ギイ ∠ ∇ャや g(No people go ast ray aft er having been guided, but t hey resort t o (fut ile) argument .) Then t he Messenger of Allah recit ed t his Ayah:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ カ ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ Ι ∠ ギ∠ ィ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ッ ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (They quot ed not t he above example except for argument . Nay! But t hey are a quarrelsome people).'' It was also recorded by At -Tirmidhi, Ibn Maj ah and Ibn Jarir. At -Tirmidhi said, "This Hadit h is Hasan Sahih, we do not know it except from t he Hadit h of Haj j aj bin Dinar...''

び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∀ギ∇ら∠ハ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ぴ (He (` Isa) was not more t han a servant . We grant ed Our favor t o him,) means, ` Isa, peace be upon him; he was no more t han one of t he servant s of Allah whom Allah blessed wit h prophet hood and messengership.

び∠モΑ͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レら∠ ャあ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We made him an example for t he Children of Israel.) means, ` a sign, proof and evidence of Our power t o do what ever We will.'

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ る⇔ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョｚ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ (And if it were Our will, We would have made angels t o replace you on t he eart h.) As-Suddi said, "They would have t aken your place on (t he eart h). '' Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased

wit h him, and Qat adah said, "They would have succeeded one anot her j ust as you succeed one anot her.'' This view is implied by t he former veiw. Muj ahid said, "They would have populat ed t he eart h inst ead of you.'' Allah's saying:

び͡るハ ∠ ゅｚジヤあャ ユ∀ ∇ヤバ͡ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And he (` Isa) shall be a known sign for (t he coming of) t he Hour.) The correct view concerning t his phrase is t hat it refers t o his descent before t he Day of Resurrect ion, as Allah says:

び͡ヮゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ｚ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And t here is none of t he People of t he Script ure but must believe in him before his deat h) (4:159). -- meaning before t he deat h of ` Isa, peace be upon him --

び⇔やギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ And on t he Day of Resurrect ion, he will be a wit ness against t hem )4:159(. This meaning has t he support from an alt ernat e recit at ion of t he Aya0t ∧ (⊥ヮルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ユ∀ ヤ∠バ∠ ャ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジヤ͡ャ) (And he shall be a known sign for (t he coming of) t he Hour.) means, evidence t hat t he Hour will surely come. Muj ahid said:

び͡るハ ∠ ゅｚジヤあャ ユ∀ ∇ヤバ͡ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And he shall be a sign for (t he coming of) t he Hour.) means, sign and "One of t he signs of t he Hour will be t he appearance of ` Isa son of Maryam before t he Day of Resurrect ion. '' Somet hing similar was also narrat ed from Abu Hurayrah, Ibn ` Abbas, ` Abu Al-` Aliyah, Abu Malik, ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak and ot hers. Many Mut awat ir Hadit hs report t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t hat ` Isa will descend before t he Day of Resurrect ion as a j ust ruler and fair j udge.

びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ｚ ゲ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Therefore have no doubt concerning it .) means, do not doubt t hat it will surely come t o pass.

び͡ラヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And follow Me.) means, ` in what I t ell you about it .'

びリ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚルｚギダ ⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヲ∠ ヨ∀ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∀ ゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (This is t he st raight pat h. And let not Shayt an hinder you.) means, from following t he t rut h.

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨ∠ャ∠ヲ∀レΒ͡らョぁ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ び͡るヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ムわ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギホ∠ (Verily, he (Sat an) t o you is a plain enemy. And when ` Isa came wit h (Our) clear proofs, he said: "I have come t o you wit h Al-Hikmah...''), meaning prophet hood:

び͡ヮΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ムャ∠ リ ∠ Βあ よ∠ Ε ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and in order t o make clear t o you some of t he (point s) in which you differ.) Ibn Jarir said, "This means religious mat t ers, not worldly mat t ers.'' What he said is good.

び∠ヮヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プぴ (Therefore have Taqwa of Allah) means, ` wit h regard t o what I command you t o do.'

び͡ラヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and obey me.) means, ` in what I bring t o you.'

ヅ ∀ ゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ (Verily, Allah! He is my Lord and your Lord. So worship Him. This is t he st raight pat h.) means, ` you and I are enslaved t o Him, in need of Him and we commonly share in t he worship of Him Alone, associat ing none wit h Him.'

び∀ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∀ ゲ∠ タ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (This is t he st raight pat h) means, ` what I have brought t o you is t he st raight pat h, which is t he worship of t he Lord, may He exalt ed, Alone.'

び∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ ゆ ⊥ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘやブ ∠ ヤ∠わ∠ ∇カゅ∠プぴ (But t he sect s from among t hemselves differed. ) means, t hey differed and became part ies and fact ions, some who st at ed t hat he (` Isa) was t he servant and Messenger of Allah -- which is t rue - while ot hers claimed t hat he was t he son of Allah or t hat he himself was Allah -- glorified be Allah far above what t hey say. Allah says:

び∃ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ モ ∀ ∇Αヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So woe t o t hose who do wrong from t he t orment of a painful Day)!

Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇モワ∠ ぴ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢⊥ Κ ∠カ ͡Ι ｘや-ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Ι ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ Α - リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ -リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠トΑ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プヱ∠ ゆ ∃ ヲ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ワ∠ ク∠ リあョ ブ ∃ ⇒∠エダ ͡ よ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ リ ⊥ Β⊥ ∇ハΙ ｘ や グぁ ヤ∠ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ザ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ルΙ ｘ や ヮ͡ Β͡ヰわ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲヤ⊥ヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇をケ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ヴ͡わャｚや る⊥ ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∀りゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ る∀ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠プ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ (66. Do t hey only wait for t he Hour t hat it shall come upon t hem suddenly while t hey perceive not ) (67. Friends on t hat Day will be foes one t o anot her except t hose who have Taqwa.) (68. My servant s! No fear shall be on you t his Day, nor shall you grieve,) (69. (You) who believed in Our Ayat and were Muslims.) (70. Ent er Paradise, you and your wives, in happiness.) (71. Trays of gold and cups will be passed round t hem; (t here will be) t herein all t hat t heir souls desire, and all t hat eyes could delight in and you will abide t herein forever.) (72. This is t he Paradise, which you have been made t o inherit because of your deeds t hat you used t o do.) (73. Therein for you will be fruit s in plent y, of which you will eat (as you desire).)

The Resurrection will come suddenly, and Enmity will arise between close Friends among the Disbelievers Allah says, ` do t hese idolat ers who disbelieve in t he Messengers wait '

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (only for t he Hour t hat it shall come upon t hem suddenly while t hey perceive not ) means, for it is real and will inevit ably come t o pass, and t hese negligent people are unprepared for it .

When it comes, it will cat ch t hem unawares, and on t hat Day t hey will feel t he ut most regret when regret will not benefit t hem in t he slight est and will not afford t hem any prot ect ion.

リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢⊥ Κ ∠カ ͡Ι ｘ やぴ び (Friends on t hat Day will be foes one t o anot her except t hose who have Taqwa.) means, every friendship t hat exist s for a purpose ot her t han for t he sake of Allah will t urn t o enmit y on t he Day of Resurrect ion, except for t hat which is for t he sake of Allah, which will last forever. This is like t he st at ement of Ibrahim, peace be upon him, t o his people:

ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ∇Βよ∠ り∠ キｚ ヲ∠ ョｚ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠を∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ や ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ リ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ヱ∠ び∠リΑ͡ゲダ ͡ ⇒ｚル (You have t aken (for worship) idols inst ead of Allah. The love bet ween you is only in t he life of t his world, but on t he Day of Resurrect ion, you shall disown each ot her, and curse each ot her, and your abode will be t he Fire, and you shall have no helper.) (29:25)

Good News for Those with Taqwa on the Day of Resurrection, and Their entry into Paradise

び∠ラヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヲ∠ ヨ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Ι ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ Αぴ (My servant s! No fear shall be on you t his Day, nor shall you grieve.) Then He will give t hem t he glad t idings:

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ ((You) who believed in Our Ayat and were Muslims.) means, t heir heart s believed and t hey submit t ed inwardly and out wardly t o t he Laws of Allah. Al-Mu` t amir bin Sulayman narrat ed t hat his fat her said: "When t he Day of Resurrect ion comes and t he people are resurrect ed, t here will be no one left who will not be filled wit h t error. Then a caller will cry out :

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Ι ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ Αぴ

(My servant s! No fear shall be on you t his Day, nor shall you grieve.) So all t he people will be filled wit h hope, but t his will be followed by t he words:

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒Α∠ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ ((You) who believed in Our Ayat and were Muslims.) Then all of mankind will be filled wit h despair apart from t he believers.''

び∠るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キやぴ (Ent er Paradise, ) means, t hey will be t old t o ent er Paradise.

び∇ユム⊥ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺぴ (you and your wives,) means, your count erpart s

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ぴ (in happiness (Tuhbarun).) means, in delight and j oy.

び∃ゆヲ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ワ∠ ク∠ リあョ ブ ∃ ⇒∠エダ ͡ よ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠トΑ⊥ ぴ (Trays of gold and cups will be passed round t hem;) means, fine vessels of gold cont aining food and drink, wit hout spout s or handles. (ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヶ͡ヰわ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ザ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや) ぴ(t here will be) t herein all t hat t heir souls could desire).び Some of t hem recit ed:

び⊥ザヘ⊥ ∇ルΙ ｘ や ヮ͡ Β͡ヰわ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (t hat t heir souls desire,)

び⊥リΒ⊥ ∇ハΙ ｘ や グぁ ヤ∠ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and all t hat eyes could delight in) means, of good food, delight ful fragrances and beaut iful scenes.

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (and you will t herein) means, in Paradise

び∠ラヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カぴ

(abide forever) means, you will never leave it or want t o exchange it . Then it will be said t o t hem, as a reminder of t he blessing and favor of Allah:

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇をケ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ヴ͡わャｚや る⊥ ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (This is t he Paradise, which you have been made t o inherit because of your deeds t hat you used t o do.) means, t he right eous deeds which were t he cause of your being included in t he mercy of Allah. For no one will be admit t ed t o Paradise by virt ue of t heir deeds alone; t hat will be by t he mercy and grace of Allah. But t he varying ranks and degrees of Paradise will be at t ained according t o one's right eous deeds.

び∀りゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ る∀ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠プ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ぴ (Therein for you will be fruit s in plent y,) means, of all kinds.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ぴ (of which you will eat .) means, what ever you choose and desire. When food and drink are ment ioned, fruit is also ment ioned t o complet e t he pict ure of blessing and j oy. And Allah knows best .

Ι ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジヤ͡∇らョ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゲ⊥ ｚわヘ∠ Α⊥ ヂ ͡ ∇ボΒ∠ ャ͡ マ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ヨΑ ∇や∇ヱキ∠ ゅ∠ルヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ム⇒∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥んム͡ ⇒ｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョゲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ワゲ͡ ⇒∠ミ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲｚ シ ͡ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジル∠ Ι ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇らョ⊥ ゅｚルみ͡プ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ユ⊥ワヲ∠ ∇イル∠ ヱ∠ (74. Verily, t he criminals will be in t he t orment of Hell t o abide t herein forever.) (75. (The t orment ) will not be light ened for t hem, and t hey will be plunged int o dest ruct ion wit h deep regret s, sorrows and in despair t herein.) (76. We wronged t hem not , but t hey were t he wrongdoers.) (77. And t hey will cry: "O Malik (keeper of Hell)! Let your Lord make an end of us.'' He will say: "Verily, you shall abide forever.'') (78. Indeed We have brought t he t rut h t o you, but most of you have a hat red for t he t rut h.) (79. Or have t hey plot t ed some plan Then We t oo are planning.) (80. Or do t hey t hink t hat We hear not t heir secret s and t heir privat e counsel Yes (We do) and Our messengers are by t hem, t o record.)

The Punishment of the Doomed The descript ion of t he st at e of t he blessed is followed by a descript ion of t he st at e of t he doomed.

ゲ⊥ ｚわヘ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ (Verily, t he criminals will be in t he t orment of Hell t o abide t herein forever. It will not be light ened for t hem,) meaning, not even for one moment .

び∠ラヲ⊥ジヤ͡∇らョ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey will be plunged int o dest ruct ion wit h deep regret s, sorrows and in despair t herein,) means, t hey will despair of any goodness.

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (We wronged t hem not , but t hey were t he wrongdoers.) means, by t heir commit t ing wrong act ions aft er proof had been est ablished against t hem and Messengers had been sent t o t hem, but t hey rej ect ed t hem and rebelled, so t hey are t o be punished accordingly. And your Lord is not at all unj ust t o (His) servant s.

び⊥マヤ͡⇒∠ヨΑ ∇や∇ヱキ∠ ゅ∠ルヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will cry: "O Malik...'') who is t he keeper of Hell. Al-Bukhari said, "Haj j aj bin Minhal t old us, Sufyan bin ` Uyaynah t old us, from ` Amr bin ` At a, ' from Safwan bin Ya` la t hat his fat her, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, ` I heard t he Messenger of Allah recit ing on t he Minbar:

び∠マよぁ ケ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヂ ͡ ∇ボΒ∠ ャ͡ マ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ヨΑ ∇や∇ヱキ∠ ゅ∠ルヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will cry: "O Malik! Let your Lord make an end of us.'') meaning, ` let Him dest roy our souls and give us some respit e from our predicament .' But it will be as Allah says:

∇リョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ブ ⊥ ｚヘガ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ヨΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ツ∇ボΑ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ びゅ∠ヰよ͡ や∠グハ ∠

(Neit her will it have a complet e killing effect on t hem so t hat t hey die nor shall it s t orment be light ened for t hem) (35:36).

- ン∠ゲ∇らム⊥ ∇ャや ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤ∇ダΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや - ヴ∠ボ∇セΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰら⊥ レｚ イ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ∠Β∇エ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ (But it will be avoided by t he wret ched, who will ent er t he great Fire. There he will neit her die (t o be in rest ) nor live (a good living).) (87:11-13). When t hey ask t o be allowed t o die, Malik will answer t hem:

び∠ラヲ⊥んム͡ ⇒ｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ He will say: Verily, you shall abide forever. meaning, you will have no way out from it and no refuge. Then t he reason why t hey are doomed will be given, which is t heir st ubborn resist ance t o t he t rut h. Alla0h says:

びあペ∠エ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ム⇒∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Indeed We have brought t he t rut h t o you, ) meaning, ` We have explained it t o you clearly and in det ail.'

び∠ラヲ⊥ワゲ͡ ⇒∠ミ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but most of you have a hat red for t he t rut h.) means, ` but your nat ure could not accept it and did not seek it ; on t he cont rary, you followed and venerat ed falsehood, and you st ood in t he way of t rut h and refused it , and despised it s followers.' So t hey will blame t hemselves and will feel regret at t he t ime when regret will not be of any benefit t o t hem. Then Allah says:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇らョ⊥ ゅｚルみ͡プ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョ∠ゲ∇よ∠ぺ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or have t hey plot t ed some plan Then We t oo are planning.) Muj ahid said, "They want ed t o plot some evil, but We are also planning.'' What Muj ahid said is like t he Ayah:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ムョ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲム∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ムョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲ∠ム∠ョ∠ヱぴ (So t hey plot t ed a plot , and We planned a plan, while t hey perceived not .) (27:50). The idolat ors were t rying t heir ut most t o find ways of refut ing t he t rut h wit h falsehood, but Allah planned it so t hat t he consequences of t hat would backfire on t hem. He said in refut at ion:

びユ⊥ワヲ∠ ∇イル∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲｚ シ ͡ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジル∠ Ι ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ

(Or do t hey t hink t hat We hear not t heir secret s and t heir privat e counsel) meaning, what t hey say secret ly and openly.

び∠ラヲ⊥らわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠よぴ (Yes (We do) and Our messengers are by t hem, t o record.) means, ` We know what t hey are doing, and t he angels are also recording t heir deeds, maj or and minor.'

びリ ∠ Α͡ギら͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ほ∠プ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∂ ケ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケ∇Ιや∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ∂ ケ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らバ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ガΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ プ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ Α∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヴ͡プ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボ⇒∠ヤΑ⊥ ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケ∇Ιや ヴ͡プヱ∠ ヮ∀ ⇒∠ャま͡ ￢べヨｚジャや び-ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ン͡グャｚや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ユ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∠ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘゼ ｚ ャや ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ ∇リョｚ ユ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ リ͡ゃャ∠ヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゆ あ ゲ∠ Α ヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡ホヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムプ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヴｚルほ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ｚ ャ⊥ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ウヘ∠ ∇タゅ∠プ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ (81. Say: "If t he Most Gracious had a son, t hen I am t he first of t he worshippers.'') (82. Glorified is t he Lord of t he heavens and t he eart h, t he Lord of t he Throne! Exalt ed be He from all t hat t hey ascribe (t o Him).) (83. So leave t hem (alone) t o speak nonsense and play unt il t hey meet t he Day of t heirs which t hey have been promised.) (84. It is He Who is t he only God in t he heaven and t he only God on t he eart h. And He is t he All-Wise, t he All-Knower.) (85. And

Blessed be He t o Whom belongs t he kingdom of t he heavens and t he eart h, and all t hat is bet ween t hem, and wit h Whom is t he knowledge of t he Hour, and t o Whom you (all) will be ret urned.) (86. And t hose whom t hey invoke inst ead of Him have no power of int ercession -except for t hose who bear wit ness t o t he t rut h knowingly, and t hey know.) (87. And if you ask t hem who creat ed t hem, t hey will surely say: "Allah.'' How t hen are t hey t urned away) (88. And his saying: "O my Lord! Verily, t hese are a people who believe not !'') (89. So t urn away from t hem, and say: Salam (peace!) But t hey will come t o know.)

Allah has no Offspring Allah says:

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say) -- ` O Muhammad' --

び∠リΑ͡ギら͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ほ∠プ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まぴ (If t he Most Gracious had a son, t hen I am t he first of t he worshippers.) meaning, ` if t his were so, t hen I would worship Him on t hat basis, because I am one of His servant s; I obey all t hat He commands me and I am not t oo arrogant or proud t o worship Him.' This condit ional phrase does not mean t hat what is described could happen nor t hat is possible as Allah says:

ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヴ∠ヘト ∠ ∇タΙ ｚ や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ヲャｚぴ び ケ⊥ ゅｚヰボ∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ (Had Allah willed t o t ake a son, He could have chosen whom He willed out of t hose whom He creat ed. But glory be t o Him! He is Allah, t he One, t he Irresist ible.) (39:4). Allah says here:

ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ Α∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ (Glorified is t he Lord of t he heavens and t he eart h, t he Lord of t he Throne! Exalt ed be He from all t hat t hey ascribe (t o Him).) meaning, exalt ed and sanct ified and glorified be t he Creat or of all t hings far above having any offspring, for He is Unique, One and Et ernally Self-Sufficient . There is none equal t o Him or like Him, and He does not have any offspring.

び∇やヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ガΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So leave t hem (alone) t o speak nonsense) means, in t heir ignorance and misguidance,

び∇やヲ⊥らバ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and play) in t heir world,

び∠ラヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボ⇒∠ヤΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il t hey meet t he Day of t heirs which t hey have been promised.) which is t he Day of Resurrect ion, i.e., t hen t hey will come t o know what t heir end and dest inat ion will be on t hat Day.

The Uniqueness of the Lord

び∀ヮ⇒∠ャま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プヱ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ￢͡ べヨｚジャや ヴ͡プ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (It is He Who is t he only God in t he heaven and t he only God on t he eart h.) means, He is t he God of t hose who are in t he heavens and t he God of t hose who are on eart h; all of t hem worship Him and are humbled before Him.

び⊥ユΒ͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He is t he All-Wise, t he All-Knower.) This Ayah is like t he Ayah:

ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲｚ シ ͡ (And He is Allah in t he heavens and on t he eart h; He knows what you conceal and what you reveal, and He knows what you earn.) (6:3) which means, He is t he One who is called Allah in t he heavens and on t he eart h.

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ン͡グャｚや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ (And Blessed be He t o Whom belongs t he kingdom of t he heavens and t he eart h, and all t hat is bet ween t hem,) means, He is t heir Creat or and Sovereign, t he One Who is cont rolling t hem wit h none t o resist or oppose His rule. Blessed and exalt ed be He far above t he not ion of His having a child. He is et ernally free of all fault s and short comings, because He is t he Lord, t he Exalt ed, t he Almight y, t he Sovereign of all t hings, Who is in cont rol of all affairs.

び͡るハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ユ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハヱ∠ ぴ (and wit h Whom is t he knowledge of t he Hour, ) means, no one knows when it will happen except Him.

び∠ラヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t o Whom you (all) will be ret urned.) means, and each person will be requit ed for his deeds; if t hey are good, t hen he will be rewarded, and if t hey are bad, t hen he will be punished.

The Idols have no Power of Intercession

び͡ヮル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hose whom t hey invoke inst ead of Him have no power) means, t he idols and false gods.

び∠るバ∠ ⇒∠ヘゼ ｚ ャやぴ (of int ercession) means, t hey are not able t o int ercede for t hem.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except for t hose who bear wit ness t o t he t rut h knowingly, and t hey know.) This means, but t he one who bears wit ness t o t he t rut h has knowledge and insight , so his int ercession wit h Allah will avail, by His leave.

The Idolators admit that Allah Alone is the Creator

ヴｚルほ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ｚ ャ⊥ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リョｚ ユ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ リ͡ゃ∠ャ∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムプ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ (And if you ask t hem who creat ed t hem, t hey will surely say: "Allah.'' How t hen are t hey t urned away) means, ` if you ask t hese idolat ors who associat e ot hers in worship wit h Allah,'

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ｚリャ⊥ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リョｚ ぴ

(who creat ed t hem, t hey will surely say: "Allah.'') means, t hey will admit t hat He Alone is t he Creat or of all t hings and He has no part ner in t hat . Yet despit e t hat t hey st ill worship ot hers alongside Him who have not hing and are able t o do not hing. This is t he ut most foolishness and st upidit y. Allah says:

び∠ラヲ⊥ムプ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヴｚルほ∠プ∠ ぴ (How t hen are t hey t urned away)

The Prophet's Complaint to Allah

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゆ あ ゲ∠ Α ヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡ホヱ∠ ぴ (And his saying: "O my Lord! Verily, t hese are a people who believe not !'') means, Muhammad said t his; he complained t o his Lord about his people who did not believe in him, and said, ` O Lord, t hese people do not believe.' This is like t he Ayah:

や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇やヱ⊥グ∠ガゎｚ や ヴ͡ョ∇ヲホ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゆ あ ゲ∠ Α メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥イ∇ヰョ∠ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや (And t he Messenger will say: "O my Lord! Verily, my people desert ed t his Qur'an.'') (25:30). This is t he view of Ibn Mas` ud, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Muj ahid and Qat adah, and t his is how Ibn Jarir int erpret ed it . Al-Bukhari said: "` Abdullah -- meaning Ibn Mas` ud, may Allah be pleased wit h him -- recit ed (Ayah 88 of Az-Zukhruf): (∠メゅ∠ホヱ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ゆ あ ケゅΑ) (And t he Messenger will say: "O my Lord!'') Muj ahid said concerning t he Ayah:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゆ あ ゲ∠ Α ヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡ホヱ∠ ぴ (And his saying: "O my Lord! Verily, t hese are a people who believe not !'') "Allah is st at ing what Muhammad said.'' Qat adah said, "These are t he words of your Prophet , when he complained about his people t o his Lord.''

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ウヘ∠ ∇タゅ∠プぴ (So t urn away from t hem, ) means, from t he idolat ors.

び∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and say Salam (peace!)) means, ` do not respond t o t hem in t he same evil manner in which t hey address you; but t ry t o soft en t heir heart s and forgive t hem in word and deed.'

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (But t hey will come t o know.) This is a warning from Allah for t hem. His punishment , which cannot be warded off, st ruck t hem, and His religion and His word was supreme. Subsequent ly Jihad and st riving were prescribed unt il t he people ent ered t he religion of Allah in crowds, and Islam spread t hroughout t he east and t he west . And Allah knows best . This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Az-Zukhruf.

The Tafsir of Surat Ad-Dukhan (Chapter - 44) Which was revealed in Makkah In Musnad Al-Bazzar, it is recorded from Abu At -Tufayl ` Amir bin Wat hilah from Zayd bin Harit hah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t o Ibn Sayyad:

«∨∠ヲワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ほ⇔∇らカ ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ほら∠ カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヶあルま͡» (I am concealing somet hing, what is it ) And t he Messenger of Allah was concealing Surat AdDukhan from him. He (Ibn Sayyad) said: "It is Ad-Dukh.'' The Messenger of Allah said,

«(ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ) ぶ ⊥ や ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ゅ∠ョ ∇ほジ ∠ ∇カや» (Be off wit h you! What ever Allah wills happens.)

In the Name of ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most .Merciful る∃ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べｚル͡ま -͡リΒ͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ -ユェぴ ゲ∃ ∇ョぺ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ベ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ -リ ∠ Α͡ケグ͡ レ⊥ョ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま る∃ ミ∠ ゲ∠ ⇒∠らョぁ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ͡ ∇ゲョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠ル͡ギ∇レ͡ハ ∇リョ∂ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ -ユ∃ Β͡ムェ ∠ れ ͡ ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ͡ ケ∠ -ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ マ ∠ よ∂ ケｚ リ∂ョ

Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡レホ͡ ヲぁョ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま べ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケ∇Ιや∠ヱ び-∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ∇Ιや ユ⊥ ム⊥ も͡ べ∠よや￢ ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ (1. Ha Mim.) (2. By t he manifest Book t hat makes t hings clear.) (3. We sent it down on a blessed night . Verily, We are ever warning.) (4. Therein (t hat night ) is decreed every mat t er, Hakim.) (5. As a command from Us. Verily, We are ever sending,) (6. (As) a mercy from your Lord. Verily, He is t he All-Hearer, t he All-Knower.) (7. The Lord of t he heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is bet ween t hem, if you (but ) have a fait h wit h cert aint y.) (8. La ilaha illa Huwa. He gives life and causes deat h -- your Lord and t he Lord of your forefat hers.)

The Qur'an was revealed on Laylatul-Qadr Allah t ells us t hat He revealed t he Magnificent Qur'an on a blessed night , Laylat ul-Qadr (t he Night of Decree), as He says elsewhere:

び ケ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ∇ャや る͡ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We have sent it down in t he Night of Al-Qadr) (97:1). This was in t he mont h of Ramadan, as Allah t ells us:

び⊥ラへ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ Β͡プ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ン͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ツョ∠ ケ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ヰセ ∠ぴ (The mont h of Ramadan in which was revealed t he Qur'an) (2:185). We have already quot ed t he relevant Hadit hs in (t he Tafsir of) Surat Al-Baqarah, and t here is no need t o repeat t hem here.

び∠リΑ͡ケグ͡ レ⊥ョ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We are ever warning.) means, t elling t hem what is good for t hem and what is harmful for t hem, according t o Shari` ah, so t hat t he proof of Allah may be est ablished against His servant s.

び ユ∃ Β͡ムェ ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ョぺ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ベ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プぴ (Therein (t hat night ) is decreed every mat t er, Hakim.) means, on Laylat ul-Qadr, t he decrees are t ransferred from Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz t o t he (angelic) scribes who writ e down t he decrees of t he (coming) year including life span, provision, and what will happen unt il t he end of t he year. This was narrat ed from Ibn ` Umar, Muj ahid, Abu Malik, Ad-Dahhak and ot hers among t he Salaf.

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ぴ

(Hakim) means decided or confirmed, which cannot be changed or alt ered. Allah says:

びべ∠ルギ͡ ∇レハ ͡ ∇リョあ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ぴ (As a command from Us.) meaning, everyt hing t hat happens and is decreed by Allah and t he revelat ion t hat He sends down -- it all happens by His command, by His leave and wit h His knowledge.

び∠リΒ͡ヤシ ͡ ∇ゲョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We are ever sending,) means, t o mankind, sending Messenger who will recit e t o t hem t he clear signs of Allah. The need for t his was urgent .

ゆ ぁ ケｚ ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リあョ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ((As) a mercy from your Lord. Verily, He is t he All-Hearer, t he All-Knower. The Lord of t he heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is bet ween t hem,) means, t he One Who sent down t he Qur'an is t he Lord, Creat or and Sovereign of t he heavens and t he eart h and everyt hing in bet ween t hem.

び∠リΒ͡レホ͡ ヲぁョ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まぴ (if you (but ) have a fait h wit h cert aint y.) Then Allah says:

ユ⊥ ム⊥ も͡ べ∠よや∠￢ ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘや (La ilaha illa Huwa. He gives life and causes deat h -- your Lord and t he Lord of your forefat hers.) This is like t he Ayah:

ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴあルま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ン͡グャｚや び⊥ろΒ͡ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥

(Say: "O mankind! Verily, I am sent t o you all as t he Messenger of Allah -- t o Whom belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h. La ilaha illa Huwa. He gives life and causes deat h...) (7:158)

ヴ͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ょボ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ケゅ∠プ - ∠ラヲ⊥ら∠バ∇ヤ∠Α マ ｙセ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ や∠グ⇒∠ワ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ - リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ラ ∃ ゅ∠カギ⊥ よ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴｚルぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽ∇ョ ゅｚル͡ま ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ゅｚレ∠ハ ∇ブゼ ͡ ∇ミや ゅ∠レよｚ ケｚ - ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ミグあ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヘセ ͡ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚル͡ま - ∀ラヲ⊥レ∇イョｚ ∀ユヤｚ∠バョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ン∠ゲ∇らム⊥ ∇ャや る∠ ゼ ∠ ∇トら∠ ∇ャや ズ ⊥ ト ͡ ∇らル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギも͡ べ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨボ͡ わ∠ レ⊥ョ ゅｚル͡ま (9. Nay! They play about in doubt .) (10. Then wait you for t he Day when t he sky will bring fort h a visible smoke,) (11. Covering mankind, t his is a painful t orment .) (12. (They will say): "Our Lord! Remove t he t orment from us, really we shall become believers!'') (13. How can t here be for t hem an admonit ion, when a Messenger explaining t hings clearly has already come t o t hem.) (14. Then t hey had t urned away from him and said: "(He is) one t aught , a madman!'') (15. Verily, We shall remove t he t orment for a while. Verily, you will revert .) (16. On t he Day when We shall st rike you wit h t he great Bat shah. Verily, We will exact ret ribut ion.)

Alarming the Idolators with News of the Day when the Sky will bring forth a visible Smoke Allah says, t hese idolat ers are playing about in doubt , i.e., t he cert ain t rut h has come t o t hem, but t hey doubt it and do not believe in it . Then Allah says, warning and t hreat ening t hem:

びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ラ ∃ ゅ∠カギ⊥ よ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ょボ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ケゅ∠プぴ (Then wait you for t he Day when t he sky will bring fort h a visible smoke.) It was narrat ed t hat Masruq said, "We ent ered t he Masj id -- i.e., t he Masj id of Kufah at t he gat es of Kindah -- and a man was recit ing t o his companions,

び∃リΒ͡らョぁ ラ ∃ ゅ∠カギ⊥ よ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (t he Day when t he sky will bring fort h a visible smoke.) He asked t hem; ` Do you know what t hat is' That is t he smoke t hat will come on t he Day of Resurrect ion. It will t ake away t he

hearing and sight of t he hypocrit es, but for t he believers it will be like having a cold.''' He said, "We came t o Ibn Mas` ud, may Allah be pleased wit h him, and t old him about t hat . He was lying down, and he sat up wit h a st art and said, ` Allah said t o your Prophet

リ ∠ ョ͡ べ∠ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠∇シぺ∠ べ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヘヤあム∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Say: "No wage do I ask of you for t his, nor am I one of t he pret enders.'') (38:86). And it is part of knowledge t hat when a man does not know somet hing, he should say, ` Allah knows best .' I will t ell you a Hadit h about t hat . When t he Quraysh did not respond t o Islam and t hey grew st ubborn, t he Messenger of Allah invoked Allah against t hem t hat t hey would have years like t he years (of drought and famine) of Yusuf. They became so exhaust ed and hungry t hat t hey at e bones and dead meat . They looked at t he sky, but t hey saw not hing but smoke.''' According t o anot her report : "A man would look at t he sky and he would see not hing bet ween him and t he sky except a smoky haze, because of his exhaust ion.''

ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ - リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ラ ∃ ゅ∠カギ⊥ よ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ょボ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ケゅ∠プぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ や∠グ⇒∠ワ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや (Then wait you for t he Day when t he sky will bring fort h a visible smoke, covering t he people, t his is a painful t orment ) A man came t o t he Messenger of Allah and said, "O Messenger of Allah! Pray t o Allah t o send rain t o Mudar, for t hey are dying. So t he Prophet prayed for rain for t hem, and t hey got rain. Then t he Ayah was revealed:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギも͡ べハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヘセ ͡ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We shall remove t he t orment for a while. Verily, you will revert .) Ibn Mas` ud said, "Do you t hink t hat t he t orment will be removed for t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion When t hey were grant ed ease, t hey revert ed t o t heir former st at e. Then Allah revealed:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨボ͡ わ∠ レ⊥ョ ゅｚル͡ま ン∠ゲ∇らム⊥ ∇ャや る∠ ゼ ∠ ∇トら∠ ∇ャや ズ ⊥ ト ͡ ∇らル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day when We shall st rike you wit h t he Great Bat shah. Verily, We will exact ret ribut ion.)'' He said, "This means t he day of Badr.'' Ibn Mas` ud said, "Five t hings have come t o pass: t he smoke, t he (defeat of t he) Romans, t he (split t ing of t he) moon, t he Bat shah, and t he t orment .'' This Hadit h was narrat ed in t he Two Sahihs. It was also recorded by Imam Ahmad in his Musnad, and by At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i in t heir (Books of) Tafsir, and by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hat im wit h a number of chains of narrat ion. A number of t he Salaf, such as Muj ahid, Abu Al-` Aliyah, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Ad-Dahhak and ` At iyah Al-` Awfi concurred wit h Ibn Mas` ud's int erpret at ion of t his Ayah and his view t hat t he smoke already happened. This was also t he view of Ibn Jarir. According t o t he Hadit h of Abu Sarihah, Hudhayfah bin Asid Al-Ghifari, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah looked out upon us from a room while we were discussing t he Hour. He said:

ネ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤデ ⊥ :れ ∃ ゅ∠Αへ ゲ∠ ∇ゼハ ∠ や∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» ァ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∠るよｚ やｚギャや∠ヱ ∩∠ラゅ∠カギぁ ャや∠ヱ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ∇リョ͡ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ͡ ∇よや ヴ∠ジ∇Β͡ハ ァ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∠ァヲ⊥ィ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ァ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほΑ∠ ∩͡ベゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ブ∇ジ∠カ :フ ∃ ヲ⊥ジカ ⊥ る∠ を∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠メゅｚィギｚ ャや∠ヱ ∩͡ゆゲ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや り͡ ゲ∠ Α͡ゴイ ∠ よ͡ ブ ∀ ∇ジカ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ゆゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ブ ∀ ∇ジカ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ベ ⊥ ヲ⊥ジゎ∠ ラ ∠ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇バホ∠ ∇リョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ルヱ∠ モ ⊥ Β͡ボゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠よ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡らゎ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エゎ∠ «やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ (The Hour will not come unt il you see t en signs. The rising of t he sun from t he west ; t he smoke; t he beast ; t he emergence of Ya'j uj and Ma'j uj ; t he appearance of ` Isa bin Maryam; t he Daj j al; t hree cases of t he eart h collapsing -- one in t he east , one in t he west , and one in t he Arabian Peninsula; and a fire which will emerge from t he bot t om of Aden and will drive t he people -- or gat her t he people -- st opping wit h t hem when t hey st op t o sleep at night or rest during t he day.)'' This was recorded only by Muslim in his Sahih In t he Two Sahihs it was recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t o Ibn Sayyad:

«ほ∇ら∠カ マ ∠ ャ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ほら∠ カ ∠ ヶあルま͡» (I am concealing somet hing for you.) He said, It is Ad-Dukh. The Prophet said,

«ポ∠ケ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ∇リヤ∠プ∠ ∇ほジ ∠ ∇カや» (Be off wit h you! You cannot get furt her t han your rank.) He said, "The Messenger of Allah was concealing from him t he words,

びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ラ ∃ ゅ∠カギ⊥ よ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ょボ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ケゅ∠プぴ (Then wait you for t he Day when t he sky will bring fort h a visible smoke.)''This indicat es t hat t he smoke is yet t o appear. Ibn Sayyad was a fort une-t eller who heard t hings t hrough t he Jinn, whose speech is unclear, t herefore he said, "It is Ad-Dukh,'' meaning Ad-Dukhan (t he smoke). When t he Messenger of Allah was sure what was happening, t hat t he source of his informat ion was t he Shayat in, he said:

«ポ∠ケ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ∇リヤ∠プ∠ ∇ほジ ∠ ∇カや» (Be off wit h you! You cannot get furt her t han your rank.) There are numerous Marfu` and Mawquf Hadit hs, Sahih, Hasan and ot hers, which indicat e t hat t he smoke is one of t he await ed signs (of t he Hour). This is also t he apparent meaning of Ayat in t he Qur'an. Allah says:

びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ラ ∃ ゅ∠カギ⊥ よ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ょボ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ケゅ∠プぴ (Then wait you for t he Day when t he sky will bring fort h a visible smoke.) meaning, clearly visible, such t hat all people will see it . According t o Ibn Mas` ud's int erpret at ion, t his was a vision which t hey saw because of t heir int ense hunger and exhaust ion. He also int erpret s t he Ayah

び∠サゅｚレャや ヴ∠ゼ∇ピ∠Αぴ (Covering mankind,) meaning, it covered t hem and overwhelmed t hem. But if it was only an illusion which happened t o t he idolat ors of Makkah, Allah would not have said "covering mankind.''

び∀ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (t his is a painful t orment .) means, t his will be said t o t hem by way of rebuke. This is like t he Ayah:

ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ - ゅ６ハキ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ル ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲぁハギ∠ Α⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ヴ͡わャｚや (The Day when t hey will be pushed down by force t o t he fire of Hell, wit h a horrible, forceful pushing. This is t he Fire which you used t o deny.) (52:13-14). Or some of t hem will say t hat t o ot hers.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽ∇ョ ゅｚル͡ま ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ゅｚレ∠ハ ∇ブゼ ͡ ∇ミや ゅ∠レよｚ ケｚ ぴ ((They will say): "Our Lord! Remove t he t orment from us, really we shall become believers!'') means, when t he disbelievers wit ness t he punishment of Allah, t hey will ask for it t o be t aken away from t hem. This is like t he Ayat :

ぁキゲ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠レ∠わ∇Β∠ヤΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘホ͡ ヱ⊥ ∇クま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムル∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ゆ ∠ グあ ム∠ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠

(If you could but see when t hey will be held over t he (Hell) Fire! They will say: "Would t hat we were but sent back (t o t he world)! Then we would not deny t he Ayat of our Lord, and we would be of t he believers!'') (6:27)

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グ∠バ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ケ͡ グ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ マ ∠ ゎ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ∇ょイ ͡ ルぁ ょ ∃ Α͡ゲホ∠ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べル∠ ∇ゲカ あ ぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ モ ∠シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ノ͡ ら͡ わｚ ル∠ ヱ∠ びメ ∃ や∠ヱコ∠ リあョ (And warn mankind of t he Day when t he t orment will come unt o t hem; t hen t he wrongdoers will say: "Our Lord! Respit e us for a lit t le while, we will answer Your Call and follow t he Messengers!'' (It will be said): "Had you not sworn aforet ime t hat you would not leave (t he world for t he Hereaft er).) (14:44) Allah says here:

ｚユを⊥ - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ミグあ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴｚル∠ぺぴ び ∀ラヲ⊥レ∇イョｚ ∀ユヤｚ∠バョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ (How can t here be for t hem an admonit ion, when a Messenger explaining t hings clearly has already come t o t hem. Then t hey had t urned away from him and said: "(He is) one t aught , a madman!'') meaning, ` what furt her admonit ion do t hey need when We have sent t hem a Messenger wit h a clear Message and warning Yet despit e t hat , t hey t urned away from him, opposed him and rej ect ed him, and t hey said: (He is) one t aught (by a human being), a madman.' This is like t he Ayah:

びン∠ゲ∇ミグあ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヴｚル∠ぺ∠ヱ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゲ⊥ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t hat Day will man remember, but how will t hat remembrance (t hen) avail him) (89:23)

ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョｚ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ れ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハゴ͡ プ∠ ∇クま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ͡ョ ス ⊥ ヱ⊥ ゅ∠レわｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ょ ∃ Α͡ゲホ∠ び ギ∃ Β͡バよ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ムョｚ (And if you could but see, when t hey will be t errified wit h no escape, and t hey will be seized from a near place. And t hey will say (in t he Hereaft er): "We do believe (now);'' but how could t hey receive (fait h and it s accept ance by Allah) from a place so far off...) (34:51-52)

び ∠ラヱ⊥ギ͡もべ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヘセ ͡ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We shall remove t he t orment for a while. Verily, you will revert .) means, ` if We were t o remove t he t orment from you for a while, and send you back t o t he world, you would go back t o your former st at e of disbelief and denial.' This is like t he Ayat :

ヴ͡プ ∇やヲぁイヤ∠ャｚ ｙゲッ ⊥ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヘゼ ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヨェ ͡ ケ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ (And t hough We had mercy on t hem and removed t he dist ress which is on t hem, st ill t hey would obst inat ely persist in t heir t ransgression, wandering blindly.) (23:75)

び∠ラヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギ⇒∠バャ∠ ∇やヱぁキケ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (But if t hey were ret urned (t o t he world), t hey would cert ainly revert t o t hat which t hey were forbidden. And indeed t hey are liars) (6:28)

The Meaning of the "Great Batshah''

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨボ͡ わ∠ レ⊥ョ ゅｚル͡ま ン∠ゲ∇らム⊥ ∇ャや る∠ ゼ ∠ ∇トら∠ ∇ャや ズ ⊥ ト ͡ ∇らル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day when We shall st rike you wit h t he great Bat shah. Verily, We will exact ret ribut ion.) Ibn Mas` ud int erpret ed t his t o mean t he day of Badr. This is also t he view of a group who agreed wit h Ibn Mas` ud, may Allah be pleased wit h him, about t he meaning of t he smoke, as discussed above. It was also narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, in a report relat ed t o him from Al-` Awfi and from Ubayy bin Ka` b, may Allah be pleased wit h him. This is possible, but t he apparent meaning is t hat it refers t o t he Day of Resurrect ion, alt hough t he day of Badr was also a day of vengeance. Ibn Jarir said, "Ya` qub narrat ed t o me; Ibn ` Ulayyah narrat ed t o me, Khalid Al-Hadhdha' narrat ed t o us, from ` Ikrimah who said, ` Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "Ibn Mas` ud, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat "t he great Bat shah'' is t he day of Badr, and I say t hat it is t he Day of Resurrect ion.'' This chain of narrat ion is Sahih t o him. This is also t he view of Al-Hasan Al-Basri and of ` Ikrimah according t o t he more aut hent ic of t he t wo report s narrat ed from him. And Allah knows best .

∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ゅｚレわ∠ プ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヴあルま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ∇やヱぁキぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ - ∀ユΑ͡ゲ∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎや∠￢ ヴあルま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ - ∀リΒ͡ョぺ∠

ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよゲ∠ よ͡ れ ⊥ ∇グハ ⊥ ヴあル͡ま∠ヱ - リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ト∇ヤジ ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ハギ∠ プ∠ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ャゴ͡ わ∠ ∇ハゅ∠プ ヴ͡ャ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡まヱ∠ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ヨィ ⊥ ∇ゲゎ∠ ン͡キゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ゲ͡ ∇シほ∠プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イョぁ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ∀ギレ⊥ィ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ や⇔ヲ∇ワケ∠ ゲ∠ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ポ ͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ゎや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら∠ わｚ ョぁ ユ⊥ムルｚ ま͡ Κ ⇔ ∇Βャ∠ - ラ ∃ ヲ⊥Βハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユミ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホゲ∠ ∇ピョぁ リ ∠ Β͡ヰム͡ ⇒∠プ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇バル∠ ヱ∠ - ユ∃ Α͡ゲミ∠ ュ∃ ゅ∠ボョ∠ ヱ∠ ネ ∃ ヱ⊥ケコ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ろム∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇をケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ∠ レ⊥ョ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ - リ ͡ Β͡ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βイ ｚ ル∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ギ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡プゲ͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔Β͡ャゅ∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ リ͡ョ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲわ∠ ∇カや び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∇やぽ∀ ヤ∠よ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠ョ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョあ (17. And indeed We t ried before t hem Fir` awn's people, when t here came t o t hem a noble Messenger.) (18. Saying: "Deliver t o me t he servant s of Allah. Verily, I am t o you a Messenger wort hy of all t rust .'') (19. "And exalt not yourselves against Allah. Truly, I have come t o you wit h a manifest aut horit y.'') (20. "And t ruly, I seek refuge wit h my Lord and your Lord, lest you should st one me.'') (21. "But if you believe me not , t hen keep away from me and leave me alone.'') (22. So he (Musa) called upon his Lord (saying): "These are indeed t he people who are criminals.'') (23. (Allah said): "Depart you wit h My servant s by night . Surely, you will be pursued.'') (24. "And leave t he sea as it is (quiet and divided). Verily, t hey are a host t o be drowned.'') (25. How many of gardens and springs t hat t hey (Fir` awn's people) left behind, (26. And green crops (fields) and goodly places,) (27. And comfort s of life wherein t hey used t o t ake delight !) (28. Thus (it was)! And We made ot her people inherit t hem.) (29. And t he heavens and t he eart h wept not for t hem, nor were t hey given respit e.) (30. And indeed We saved t he Children of Israel from t he humiliat ing t orment ,) (31. From Fir` awn; verily, he was arrogant and was of t he excessive .) (32. And We chose t hem above t he nat ions (Al-` Alamin) wit h knowledge,) (33. And grant ed t hem signs in which t here was a plain t rial.)

The Story of Musa and Fir` awn, and how the Children of Israel were saved Allah t ells us, ` before t hese idolat ors, We t est ed t he people of Fir` awn, t he copt s of Egypt .'

び∀ユΑ͡ゲミ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ (when t here came t o t hem a noble Messenger.) means, Musa, peace be upon him, t he one t o whom Allah spoke.

び͡ヮヤｚャや キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ∇やヱぁキぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ぴ (Deliver t o me t he servant s of Allah.) This is like t he Ayah:

マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇よグあ バ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠レバ∠ ョ∠ ∇モシ ͡ ∇ケほ∠プ∠ ぴ びン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ⊥ ⇒∠ヤジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リあョ る∃ Α∠ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ (So let t he Children of Israel go wit h us, and t orment t hem not ; indeed, we have come wit h a sign from your Lord! And peace will be upon him who follows t he guidance!'') (20:47)

び ∀リΒ͡ョぺ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヶあル͡まぴ (Verily, I am t o you a Messenger wort hy of all t rust .) means, ` what I convey t o you is t rust wort hy.'

び͡ヮヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And exalt not yourselves against Allah.) means, ` and do not be t oo arrogant t o follow His signs. Accept His proof and believe in His evidence.' This is like t he Ayah:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ シ ∠ ヴ͡ゎキ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び∠リΑ͡ゲカ ͡ キ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ (Verily, t hose who scorn My worship t hey will surely ent er Hell in humiliat ion!) (40:60)

び∃リΒ͡らョぁ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ト∇ヤジ ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎや∠￢ ヴあル͡まぴ (Truly, I have come t o you wit h a manifest aut horit y.) means, wit h clear and obvious proof. This refers t o t he clear signs and definit ive evidence wit h which Allah sent him.

びラ ͡ ヲ⊥ヨィ ⊥ ∇ゲゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよゲ∠ よ͡ れ ⊥ ∇グハ ⊥ ヴあルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t ruly, I seek refuge wit h my Lord and your Lord, lest you should st one me.) Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, and Abu Salih said, "This refers t o a verbal assault , which means insult s.'' Qat adah said, "Meaning ` st oning' in t he lit eral sense, so t hat t he meaning is: ` I seek refuge wit h Allah, Who creat ed me and you, from your making any harmful words or act ions reach me.'''

びラ ͡ ヲ⊥ャゴ͡ わ∠ ∇ハゅ∠プ ヴ͡ャ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (But if you believe me not , t hen keep away from me and leave me alone.) means, ` t hen let us leave one anot her alone and live in peace unt il Allah j udges bet ween us.' Aft er Musa, may Allah be pleased wit h him, had st ayed among t hem for a long t ime, and t he proof of Allah had been est ablished against t hem, and t hat only increased t hem in disbelief and st ubbornness, he prayed t o his Lord against t hem, a prayer which was answered. Allah says:

ロ⊥ Κ ∂ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ろ ∠ ∇Βゎ∠ や￢ マ ∠ ルｚま͡ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ リ∠ハ ∇やヲぁヤ͡ツΒ⊥ ͡ャ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ Ι ⇔ や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ Α͡コ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇キギ⊥ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ザヨ͡ ∇デや ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ユ∠ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ びゅ∠ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ハキｚ ∇ろら∠ Β͡ィぺ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ (And Musa said: "Our Lord! You have indeed best owed on Fir` awn and his chiefs splendor and wealt h in t he life of t his world, our Lord! That t hey may lead men ast ray from Your pat h. Our Lord! Dest roy t heir wealt h, and harden t heir heart s, so t hat t hey will not believe unt il t hey see t he painful t orment .'' Allah said: "Verily, t he invocat ion of you bot h is accept ed. So you bot h keep t o t he st raight way.'') (10:88-89) And Allah says here:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イョぁ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ゅ∠ハギ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So he (Musa) called upon his Lord (saying): "These are indeed t he people who are criminals.'') Whereupon Allah commanded him t o bring t he Children of Israel out from among t hem, wit hout t he command, consent or permission of Fir` awn. Allah said:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら∠ わｚ ョぁ ユ⊥ムルｚ ま͡ Κ ⇔ ∇Βャ∠ ン͡キゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ゲ͡ ∇シほ∠プ∠ ぴ (Depart you wit h My servant s by night . Surely, you will be pursued.) This is like t he Ayah:

ン͡キゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ゲ͡ ∇シぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ フ ⊥ ゅ∠ガゎ∠ Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ジ∠らΑ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲデ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゆゲ͡ ∇ッゅ∠プ び ヴ∠ゼ∇ガゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ミケ∠ キ∠ And indeed We revealed t o Mu0sa0 (saying): Travel by night wit h My servant s and st rike a dry pat h for t hem in t he sea, fearing neit her t o be overt aken nor being afraid (of drowning in t he sea). )20:77(

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホゲ∠ ∇ピョぁ ∀ギレ⊥ィ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ や⇔ヲ∇ワケ∠ ゲ∠ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ポ ͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ゎや∠ヱぴ (And leave t he sea as it is (quiet and divided). Verily, t hey are a host t o be drowned.) When Musa and t he Children of Israel has crossed t he sea, Musa want ed t o st rike it wit h his st aff so t hat it would go back as it had been, and it would form a barrier bet ween t hen and Fir` awn and prevent him from reaching t hem. But Allah commanded him t o leave it as it was, quiet and divided, and gave him t he glad t idings t hat t hey were a host t o be drowned, and t hat he should not fear eit her being overt aken by Fir` awn or drowning in t he sea. Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said:

び⇔やヲ∇ワケ∠ ゲ∠ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ポ ͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ゎや∠ヱぴ (And leave t he sea as it is (quiet and divided).) means, leave it as it is and keep moving. Muj ahid said:

び⇔やヲ∇ワケ∠ ぴ (as it is) means, a dry pat h, as it is. ` Do not command it t o go back; leave it unt il t he last of t hem have ent ered it .' This was also t he view of ` Ikrimah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah, Ibn Zayd, Ka` b Al-Ahbar, Simak bin Harb and ot hers.

び∃ネヱ⊥ケコ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ∃ ヲ⊥Βハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユミ∠ ぴ (How many of gardens and springs t hat t hey left behind. And green crops) t his refers t o rivers and wells.

び∃ユΑ͡ゲミ∠ ュ∃ ゅ∠ボョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ and goodly places, means, fine dwellings and beaut iful places. Muj a0hid and Sa 0d bin Jubayr said:

び∃ユΑ͡ゲミ∠ ュ∃ ゅ∠ボョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and goodly places,) means elevat ed places.

びリ ∠ Β͡ヰム͡ ⇒∠プ ゅヰ∠ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇バル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And comfort s of life wherein t hey used t o t ake delight !) means, a life which t hey were enj oying, where t hey could eat what ever t hey want ed and wear what t hey liked, wit h wealt h and glory and power in t he land. Then all of t hat was t aken away in a single morning, t hey depart ed from t his world and went t o Hell, what a t errible abode!

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇をケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Thus (it was)! And We made ot her people inherit t hem.) namely t he Children of Israel.

び⊥チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろム∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (And t he heavens and t he eart h wept not for t hem, ) means, t hey had no right eous deeds which used t o ascend t hrough t he gat es of t he heavens, which would weep for t hem when t hey died, and t hey had no places on eart h where t hey used t o worship Allah which would not ice t heir loss. So t hey did not deserve t o be given a respit e, because of t heir disbelief, sin, t ransgression and st ubbornness. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "A man came t o Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, and said t o him: ` O Abu Al-` Abbas, Allah says,

∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろム∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ∠ レ⊥ョ (And t he heavens and t he eart h wept not for t hem, nor were t hey given respit e) -- do t he heavens and t he eart h weep for anybody' He, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, ` Yes, t here is no one who does not have a gat e in t he heavens t hrough which his provision comes down and his good deeds ascend. When t he believer dies, t hat gat e is closed; it misses him and weeps for him, and t he place of prayer on eart h where he used t o pray and remember Allah also weeps for him. But t he people of Fir` awn left no t race of right eousness on t he eart h and t hey had no good deeds t hat ascended t o Allah, so t he heavens and t he eart h did not weep for t hem.''' Al` Awfi report ed somet hing similar from Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him.

-リ ͡ Β͡ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βイ ｚ ル∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡プゲ͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔Β͡ャゅ∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ リ͡ョ (And indeed We saved t he Children of Israel from t he humiliat ing t orment from Fir` awn; verily, he was arrogant and was of t he excessive. ) Here Allah reminds t hem of how He saved t hem

from t heir humiliat ion and subj ugat ion at t he hands of Fir` awn, when t hey were forced t o do menial t asks.

び⇔ゅΒ͡ャゅ∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ リ͡ョぴ (From Fir` awn; verily, he was arrogant ) means, he was proud and st ubborn. This is like t he Ayah:

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ Κ ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Fir` awn exalt ed himself in t he land) (28:4).

び∠リΒ͡ヤ⇒∠ハ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ (but t hey behaved insolent ly and t hey were people self-exalt ing) (23:46). He was one of t he excessive and held a foolish opinion of himself.

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲわ∠ ∇カや ギ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And We chose t hem above t he nat ions (Al-` Alamin) wit h knowledge,) Muj ahid said, "This means t hat t hey were chosen above t hose among whom t hey lived.'' Qat adah said, "They were chosen above t he ot her people of t heir own t ime, and it was said t hat in every period t here are people who are chosen above ot hers.'' This is like t he Ayah:

び͡サゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇Βヘ∠ ト ∠ ∇タや ヴ∇ルま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ((Allah) said: "O Musa I have chosen you above men.'') (7:144), which means, above t he people of his t ime. This is also like t he Ayah:

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ￢͡ べ∠ジル͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ͡ ⇒∠ヘト ∠ ∇タや∠ヱぴ (and (Allah has) chosen you (Maryam) above t he women of t he nat ions (Al-` Alamin).) (3:42), i.e., Maryam was chosen above t he women of her t ime. For Khadij ah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, is higher t han her in st at us or is equal t o her, as was Asiyah bint Muzahim, t he wife of Fir` awn. And t he superiorit y of ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, over all ot her women is like t he superiorit y of Tharid over all ot her dishes.

び͡ろ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (And grant ed t hem signs) means clear proofs and ext raordinary evidence.

び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∇やぽ∀ ヤ∠よ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠ョぴ

(in which t here was a plain t rial.) means, an obvious t est t o show who would be guided by it .

ヴ∠ャ∇ヱΙ ｙ や ゅ∠レわ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ヲョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ∇ラま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ ￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ゅ∠レも͡ べ∠よゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ - ∠リΑ͡ゲ∠ゼレ⊥ヨ͡よ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ノ∃ らｚ ゎ⊥ ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ユワ⊥ ぺ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ びリ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ (34. Verily, t hese people are saying:) (35. "There is not hing but our first deat h, and we shall not be resurrect ed.'') (36. "Then bring back our forefat hers, if you speak t he t rut h!'') (37. Are t hey bet t er or t he people of Tubba` and t hose before t hem We dest royed t hem because t hey were indeed criminals.)

Refutation of Those Who deny the Resurrection Here Allah denounces t he idolat ors for t heir denial of t he Resurrect ion and t heir belief t hat t here is not hing aft er t his life and no life or resurrect ion aft er deat h, which t hey based on t he fact t hat t heir forefat hers had died and had not ret urned. They said, If t he resurrect ion is t rue,

びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ゅ∠レも͡ べ∠よゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほ∠プぴ (Then bring back our forefat hers, if you speak t he t rut h!) This is false evidence and a specious argument , for t he resurrect ion will happen on t he Day of Judgement , not in t his world; it will happen when t his world has ended and ceased t o be. Allah will bring all creat ures back, creat ed anew. He will make t he evildoers fuel for t he fire of Hell, and on t hat Day you will be wit nesses over mankind and t he Messenger will be a wit ness over you. Then Allah t hreat ens t hem and warns t hem of t he irresist ible t orment ot her idolat ors like who denied t he resurrect ion, suffered. Such as t he people of Tubba` , i.e., Saba'. Allah dest royed t hem, wreaked havoc upon t heir land and scat t ered t hem here and t here t hroughout t he land, as we have already seen in Surah Saba'. This was brought about because t he idolat ors denied t he Resurrect ion. Here t oo, t he idolat ers are compared t o t hem. They Tubba` were Arab descendant s of Qaht an, j ust as t hese people (Quraysh) were Arab descendant s of ` Adnan. Among t he people of Himyar -- who are also known as Saba' -- when a man became t heir king, t hey called him Tubba` , j ust as t he t it le Chosroes was given t o t he king of Persia, Caesar t o t he king of t he Romans, Fir` awn t o t he disbelieving ruler of Egypt , Negus t o t he king of Et hiopia, and so on among ot her nat ions. But it so happened t hat one of t he Tubba` left Yemen and went on a j ourney of conquest unt il he reached Samarqand, expanding his kingdom and domain. He is t he one who founded Al-Hirah. It is agreed t hat he passed t hrough Al-Madinah during t he days of Jahiliyyah. He fought it s inhabit ant s but t hey resist ed him; t hey fought him by day and supplied him wit h food by night , so he felt ashamed before t hem and refrained from harming t hem. He was accompanied by t wo Jewish rabbis who advised him and t old him t hat he would never prevail over t his cit y, for it would be t he place t o which a Prophet would migrat e t owards t he end of t ime. So he ret reat ed and t ook t hem (t he t wo rabbis) wit h him t o Yemen. When he passed by Makkah, he want ed t o dest roy t he Ka` bah, but t hey t old him not t o do t hat eit her. They t old him about t he significance of t his House, t hat it had been built by

Ibrahim Al-Khalil, peace be upon him, and t hat it would become of great import ance t hrough t hat Prophet who would be sent t owards t he end of t ime. So he respect ed it , performed Tawaf around it , and covered it wit h a fine clot h. Then he ret urned t o Yemen and invit ed it s people t o follow t he religion of guidance along wit h him. At t hat t ime, t he religion of Musa, peace be upon him, was t he religion followed by t hose who were guided, before t he coming of t he Messiah, peace be upon him. So t he people of Yemen accept ed t he religion of guidance along wit h him. ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

«ヶ͡らル∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ∩∠ラゅ∠ミ ゅ６Βら͡ ル∠ ∀ノらｚ ゎ⊥ ヵ͡ケ∇キ∠ぺ ゅ∠ョ» (I do not know whet her Tubba` was a Prophet or not .) It was narrat ed t hat Tamim bin ` AbdurRahman said: " ` At a' bin Abi Rabah said, ` Do not revile Tubba` , for t he Messenger of Allah forbade reviling him.''' And Allah knows best .

ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョ - リ ∠ Β͡らバ͡ ⇒∠ャ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ボΒ͡ョ モ ͡ ∇ダヘ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヴ⇔ャ∇ヲョｚ リ∠ハ ヴ⇔ャ∇ヲョ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ Ι ∠ び ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ ェ ͡ ケｚ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ (38. And We creat ed not t he heavens and t he eart h, and all t hat is bet ween t hem, for mere play.) (39. We creat ed t hem not except wit h t rut h, but most of t hem know not .) (40. Verily, t he Day of Judgement is t he t ime appoint ed for all of t hem --) (41. The Day when a near relat ive cannot avail a near relat ive in aught , and no help can t hey receive,) (42. Except him on whom Allah has mercy. Verily, He is t he All-Might y, t he Most Merciful.)

This World was created for a Wisdom Here Allah t ells us of His j ust ice, and t hat He is far above mere play, folly and falsehood. This is like t he Ayah:

Κ ⇔ ト ͡ ⇒∠よ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ モ ∀ ∇Αヲ∠ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ぁニ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ び ケ͡ ゅｚレャや

(And We creat ed not t he heaven and t he eart h and all t hat is bet ween t hem wit hout purpose! That is t he considerat ion of t hose who disbelieve! Then woe t o t hose who disbelieve from t he Fire!) (38:27)

Ι ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ん∠らハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ ͡エ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや マ ⊥ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ヤ⇒∠バわ∠ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ び ユ͡ Α͡ゲム∠ ∇ャや ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ (Did you t hink t hat We had creat ed you in play, and t hat you would not be brought back t o Us So Exalt ed be Allah, t he True King: La ilaha illa Huwa, t he Lord of t he Supreme Throne!) (23:115-116) Then Allah says:

びリ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒ボ∠ Β͡ョ モ ͡ ∇ダヘ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he Day of Judgement is t he t ime appoint ed for all of t hem) This is t he Day of Resurrect ion, when Allah will j udge bet ween all creat ures, and He will punish t he disbelievers and reward t he believers.

び∠リΒバ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ボΒ͡ョぴ (is t he t ime appoint ed for all of t hem) means, He will gat her all of t hem, t he first and t he last of t hem.

び⇔ゅゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヴ⇔ャ∇ヲョｚ リ∠ハ ヴ⇔ャ∇ヲ∠ョ ヴ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day when a near relat ive cannot avail a near relat ive in aught ,) means, no relat ive will be able t o help anot her relat ive. This is like t he Ayah:

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠ジル∠ぺ Κ ∠ プ∠ ケ͡ ヲぁダャや ヴ͡プ オ ∠ ヘ͡ ル⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジわ∠ Α∠ (Then, when t he Trumpet is blown, t here will be no kinship among t hem t hat Day, nor will t hey ask of one anot her.) (23:101)

び∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲｚダら∠ Α⊥ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヨェ ∠ モ ⊥ ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And no friend will ask a friend (about his condit ion). Though t hey shall be made t o see one anot her) (70:10-11) which means, he will not ask his brot her about how he is, even t hough he can see him wit h his own eyes.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and no help can t hey receive,) means, no relat ive will help anot her, and no help will come t o him from out side.

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ユ∠ ェ ͡ ケｚ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except him on whom Allah has mercy.) means, and not hing will be of any avail t hat Day except t he mercy of Allah t owards His creat ion.

び⊥ユΒ͡ェゲｚ ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, He is t he All-Might y, t he Most Merciful.) means, he is t he Almight y, wit h immense mercy.

ヴ͡ヤ∇ピ∠Α モ ͡ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ - ユ͡ Β͡をΙ ｘ や ュ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ - ュ͡ ヲぁホゴｚ ャや り∠ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ∇ハゅ∠プ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ - ユ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇ヤピ∠ ミ∠ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥トら⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ シ ͡ ∇ぺケ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ∇やヲぁらタ ⊥ ｚユを⊥ - ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ￢͡ へ∠ヲシ ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ユ⊥ Α͡ゲム∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ベク⊥ - ユ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ (43. Verily, t he t ree of Zaqqum) (44. Will be t he food of t he sinners.) (45. Like boiling oil, it will boil in t he bellies,) (46. Like t he boiling of scalding wat er.) (47. (It will be said:) "Seize him and drag him int o t he midst of blazing Fire,'') (48. "Then pour over his head t he t orment of boiling wat er.'') (49. "Tast e you (t his)! Verily, you were (pret ending t o be) t he might y, t he generous.'') (50. "Verily, t his is t hat whereof you used t o doubt !'')

The Condition of the Idolators and Their Punishment on the Day of Resurrection Allah t ells us how He will punish t he disbelievers who deny t he meet ing wit h Him:

び ユ͡ Β͡をΙ ｘ や ュ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ - ュ͡ ヲぁホゴｚ ャや り∠ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he t ree of Zaqqum will be t he food of t he sinners.) Those who sinned by t heir words and in deeds. These are t he disbelievers. More t han one comment at or st at ed t hat t his referred

t o Abu Jahl; undoubt edly he is included among t hose referred t o in t his Ayah, but it is not specifically about him. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Abu Ad-Darda' was recit ing t o a man:

び ユ͡ Β͡をΙ ｘ や ュ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ - ュ͡ ヲぁホゴｚ ャや り∠ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he t ree of Zaqqum will be t he food of t he sinners.) The man said, "The food of t he orphan.'' Abu Ad-Darda', may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "Say, t he t ree of Zaqqum is t he food of t he evildoer.'' i.e., he will not have any ot her food apart from t hat . Muj ahid said, "If a drop of it were t o fall on t he eart h, it would corrupt t he living of all t he people of eart h.'' A similar Marfu` report has been narrat ed earlier.

び͡モ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミぴ (Like boiling oil,) means, like t he dregs of oil.

び ユ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇ヤピ∠ ミ∠ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥トら⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヴ͡ヤ∇ピ∠Α モ ͡ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミぴ (it will boil in t he bellies, like t he boiling of scalding wat er.) means, because of it s heat and rancidit y.

び⊥ロヱ⊥グカ ⊥ぴ (Seize him) means t he disbeliever. It was report ed t hat when Allah says t o t he keepers of Hell, "Seize him,'' sevent y t housand of t hem will rush t o seize him.

び⊥ロヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ∇ハゅ∠プぴ (and drag him) means, drag him by pulling him and pushing him on his back. Muj ahid said:

び⊥ロヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ∇ハゅ∠プ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ぴ (Seize him and drag him) means, t ake him and push him.

び͡ユΒ͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ￢͡ へ∠ヲシ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (int o t he midst of blazing Fire.) means, int o t he middle of it .

び ユ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ シ ͡ ∇ぺケ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ∇やヲぁらタ ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then pour over his head t he t orment of boiling wat er.) This is like t he Ayah:

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠プ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヨダ ∠ わ∠ ∇カや ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ダカ ∠ ラ ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ ベ ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョ ぁょダ ∠ Α⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚル リあョ ∀ゆゅ∠Β͡を ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろバ∠ ト あ ホ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゲ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ダΑ⊥ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ シ ͡ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ び キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤイ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ (boiling wat er will be poured down over t heir heads. Wit h it will melt what is wit hin t heir bellies, as well as (t heir) skins.) (22:19-20). The angel will st rike him wit h a hooked rod of iron and split his head open, t hen he will pour boiling wat er over his head. It will go down t hrough his body, melt ing t hrough his st omach and int est ines, unt il it goes t hrough his heels; may Allah prot ect us from t hat .

び ユ⊥ Α͡ゲム∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚま͡ ∇ベク⊥ ぴ (Tast e you (t his)! Verily, you were (pret ending t o be) t he might y, t he generous.) means, t hey (t he keepers of Hell) will say t hat t o him by way of ridicule and rebuke. Ad-Dahhak report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "This means, you are neit her might y nor generous.'' And Allah's saying:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t his is t hat whereof you used t o doubt !) is like His saying:

ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ - ゅ６ハキ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ル ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲぁハギ∠ Α⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ュぺ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゲ∀ ∇エジ ͡ プ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ヴ͡わャｚや び ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ダ∇らゎ⊥ (The Day when t hey will be pushed down by force t o t he fire of Hell, wit h a horrible, forceful pushing. This is t he Fire which you used t o deny. In t his magic, or do you not see) (52: 13-15) Similarly Allah said:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t his is t hat where of you used t o doubt !)

ラ ∃ ヲ⊥Βハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∃ Β͡ョぺ∠ ュ∃ ゅ∠ボョ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヤら͡ ⇒∠ボわ∠ ョぁ ベ ∃ ゲ∠ ∇らわ∠ ∇シま͡ヱ∠ サ ∃ ギ⊥ レ⊥シ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジら∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ る∃ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠プ モ あ ム͡よ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リ ∃ Β͡ハ ケ∃ ヲ⊥エよ͡ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇ィヱｚ コ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや る∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ や∠￢ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リあョ Κ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ホヱ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ レ͡ ⇒∠ジヤ͡よ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲジ ｚ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らボ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ゲョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ょボ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ケゅ∠プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ (51. Verily, t hose who have Taqwa, will be in place of securit y.) (52. Among Gardens and Springs,) (53. Dressed in Sundus and Ist abraq, facing each ot her,) (54. So (it will be). And We shall marry t hem t o Hur (fair females) wit h wide lovely eyes,) (55. They will call t herein for every kind of fruit in peace and securit y;) (56. They will never t ast e deat h t herein except t he first deat h, and He will save t hem from t he t orment of t he blazing Fire,) (57. As a bount y from your Lord! That will be t he supreme success!) (58. JAWAD TO DO AYAH ONLY GOES UP TO AYAH 246

The State of Those Who have Taqwa and the Delights They will enj oy in Paradise When Allah describes t he st at e of t he doomed, He follows t hat wit h a descript ion of t he life of t he blessed. For t his reason t he Qur'an is called Al-Mat hani (i.e., oft repeat ed).

び∠リΒ͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who have Taqwa,) i.e., t hose who fear Allah and are dut iful t owards Him in t his world,

び∃リΒ͡ョぺ∠ ュ∃ ゅ∠ボョ∠ ヴ͡プぴ (will be in place of securit y.) means, in t he Hereaft er, i.e., in Paradise, where t hey will be safe from deat h and t he fear of leaving it , and from every kind of worry, grief, t error and exhaust ion, and from t he Shayt an and his wiles, and from all ot her t roubles and disast ers.

びラ ∃ ヲ⊥Βハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヴ͡プぴ

(Among Gardens and Springs). This is in direct cont rast t o t he st at e of t he doomed, who will have t he t ree of Zaqqum and boiling wat er.

び∃サギ⊥ レ⊥シ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジら∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ぴ (Dressed in Sundus) means, t he finest of silk, such as shirt s and t he like.

び∃ベゲ∠ ∇らわ∠ ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and Ist abraq) means, silk which is woven wit h shiny t hreads, like a splendid garment which is worn over regular clot hes.

び∠リΒ͡ヤら͡ ⇒∠ボわ∠ ョぁ ぴ (facing each ot her, ) means, sit t ing on t hrones where none of t hem will sit wit h his back t o anyone else.

びリ ∃ Β͡ハ ケ∃ ヲ⊥エよ͡ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇ィヱｚ コ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (So (it will be). And We shall marry t hem t o Hur (fair females) wit h wide lovely eyes,) This will be a gift in addit ion t o t he beaut iful wives given t o t hem.

びラ ｘ べ∠ィ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ∀ザル͡ま リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ∇んヨ͡ ∇トΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぴ (wit h whom no man or Jinn has had Tamt h (sexual int ercourse) before t hem.) (55:56)

びラ ⊥ ゅ∠ィ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホゅ∠Β∇ャや リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ルｚ ∠ほ∠ミぴ ((In beaut y) t hey are like rubies and Marj an.) (55:58)

びリ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ェΗ ͡ やΙ ｚ ま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ジ∇ェΗ ͡ や ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ∇モワ∠ ぴ (Is t here any reward for good ot her t han good) (55:60)

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ や∠￢ る∃ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠プ モ あ ム͡よ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ぴ (They will call t herein for every kind of fruit in peace and securit y;) means, what ever kinds of fruit t hey ask for will be brought t o t hem, and t hey will have t he securit y of knowing t hat t his supply will never come t o an end or be wit hheld; t hese fruit s will be brought t o t hem whenever t hey want .

びヴ∠ャヱｙΙや る∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (They will never t ast e deat h t herein except t he first deat h, ) This is an except ion which reinforces t he negat ion. The meaning is t hat t hey will never t ast e deat h t here. It was report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

ブ ⊥ ホ∠ ヲ⊥Βプ∠ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇ョぺ∠ ズ ∃ ∇らミ∠ り͡ ケ∠ ヲ⊥タ ヶ͡プ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ » モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥ウよ∠ ∇グΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや∠ヱ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∀キヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠Α∠ヱ ∩∠れ∇ヲョ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∀キヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや «れ∇ヲョ∠ (Deat h will be brought fort h in t he image of a fine ram. It will be made t o st and bet ween Paradise and Hell, t hen it will be slaught ered. It will be said, "O people of Paradise, it is et ernal, no more deat h; and O people of Hell, it is et ernal, no more deat h.'') This Hadit h was already quot ed in our discussion of Surah Maryam. ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Abu Sa` id and Abu Hurayrah said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

ゅ∠ヤプ∠ やヲぁエダ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ :る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワほ∠ャ͡ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ » ∩や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ やヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ やヲ⊥ゼΒ͡バゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ やヲ⊥ヨボ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ やヲ⊥シほ∠∇らゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ やヲ⊥ヨバ∠ ∇レゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ «や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ やヲ⊥ョゲ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ やヲぁらゼ ͡ ゎ∠ (It will be said t o t he people of Paradise, "It is grant ed t o you t hat you will be healt hy and will never fall ill, you will live and never die, you will enj oy a life of luxury and will never be miserable, you will be yout hful and will never grow old.'')'' This was recorded by Muslim. It was report ed t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "The Messenger of Allah said:

∩⊥サほ∠∇らΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ユ⊥ バ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ∩∠るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ぶ ∠ や ヴ∠ボゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ » ヴ∠レ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮよ⊥ ゅ∠Βを͡ ヴ∠ヤ∇らゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩⊥れヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠Β∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ «ヮ⊥よゅ∠らセ ∠

(Whoever has Taqwa of Allah, he will ent er Paradise and enj oy a life of luxury and he will never be miserable. He will live t herein and never die, his clot hes will never wear out and his yout h will never fade.)''

び͡ユΒ͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ホヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He will save t hem from t he t orment of t he blazing Fire,) means, along wit h t his great and et ernal blessing, He will also have saved t hem from t he agonizing t orment in t he dept hs of Hell, so t hey will have achieved t heir desired aim and avoided t he t hing t hey feared. Allah says,

び ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リあョ Κ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ぴ (As a bount y from your Lord! That will be t he supreme success!) meaning, t hat will be from His bount y and kindness t owards t hem. It was report ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat t he Messenger of Allah said:

∇リャ∠ や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇ハや∠ヱ ∩やヲ⊥よケ͡ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ やヱ⊥キギあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハや» «るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ (Work and st rive hard, and know t hat no one will ent er Paradise by virt ue of his deeds.) They said, "Not even you, O Messenger of Allah'' He said,

ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ヶ ∠ ル͡ ギ∠ ヨｚ ピ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∩ゅ∠ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ » «モ∇ツプ∠ ヱ∠ (Not even me, unless Allah showers me wit h His mercy and grace.)

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ レ͡ ⇒∠ジヤ͡よ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲジ ｚ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (Cert ainly, We have made t his easy in your t ongue, in order t hat t hey may remember. ) means, ` We have made t his Qur'an, which We have sent down, easy, plain and clear, in your language which is t he most eloquent , clear and beaut iful of all languages.'

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (in order t hat t hey may remember.) means, in order t hat t hey may underst and and know. Despit e t he fact t hat it is so plain and clear, t here are st ill people who disbelieve, who st ubbornly go against it . Allah says t o His Messenger , consoling him and promising him vict ory, and warning t hose who rej ect him t hat t hey will be dest royed.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らボ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ゲョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ょボ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ケゅ∠プぴ (Wait t hen; verily, t hey (t oo) are wait ing.) meaning, ` t hey will come t o know who will be vict orious and whose word will prevail in t his world and in t he Hereaft er. For vict ory will be for you, O Muhammad, and for your brot hers among t he Prophet s and Messengers, and for t he believers who followed you,' as Allah says:

びヴ͡ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ リ ｚ ら∠ ヤ͡∇ビΙ ∂ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Allah has decreed: "Verily, it is I and My Messengers who shall be t he vict orious.'') (58:21)

り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠レャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ ∠リΒ͡ヨ͡ヤ⇒ｚヌャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ギ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇セΙ ｘ や ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや び ケ͡ やｚギャや ￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ∇バヤｚ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇バョ∠ (Verily, We will indeed make vict orious Our Messengers and t hose who believe in t his world's life and on t he Day when t he wit nesses will st and fort h, -- t he Day when t heir excuses will be of no profit t o wrongdoers. Theirs will be t he curse, and t heirs will be t he evil abode.) (40:5152) This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Ad-Dukhan. All praise and t hanks are due t o Allah and in Him is all st rengt h and prot ect ion.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Jathiyah (Chapter - 45) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΙ ∂ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ユ⇒ェぴ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ∀ろ⇒∠Αや∠￢ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ぁゑら⊥ Α∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ͡プヱ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ブ ͡ ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α

ゅ∠ヰゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ェほ∠プ∠ ベ ∃ ∇コケあ リｚョ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ∀ろ⇒∠Αや∂￢ ゥ ͡ ゅ∠Αゲあ ャや ͡ブΑ͡ゲ∇ダ∠ゎ∠ヱ (1. Ha Mim.) (2. The revelat ion of t he Book is from Allah, t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.) (3. Verily, in t he heavens and t he eart h are signs for t he believers.) (4. And in your creat ion, and what He spread (t hrough t he eart h) of moving creat ures are signs for people who have fait h wit h cert aint y.) (5. And in t he alt ernat ion of night and day, and t he provision t hat Allah sends down from t he sky, and revives t herewit h t he eart h aft er it s deat h, and in t he t urning about of t he winds, are signs for a people who underst and.)

A Directive to contemplate over Allah's Ayat Allah direct s His servant s t o cont emplat e His favors and gift s, as well as His great power t hat is demonst rat ed by His creat ing t he heavens and t he eart h and t he various t ypes and cat egories of creat ures in t hem. There are t he angels, Jinns, humans, animals, birds, beast s, carnivores, insect s and various kinds of sea creat ures. The night and day alt ernat e, each follows t he ot her in succession, never ceasing t o come, as decreed. One brings darkness and one brings light . Allah t he Exalt ed also sends down t he rain from t he clouds when it is most needed. He is calling t he rain, ` provision', because it is t he resource t hat produces various provisions,

びゅ∠ヰゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ェほ∠プ∠ ぴ (and revives t herewit h t he eart h aft er it s deat h,) aft er it was dry and had no veget at ion or life of any kind. Allah said next ,

び͡ウ⇒∠Αゲあ ャや ブ ͡ Α͡ゲ∇ダゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and in t he t urning about of t he winds,) somet imes t owards t he sout h and somet imes t owards t he nort h. Some are east erly winds and some are west erly winds, some bringing sea breezes and some blow from t he land, some coming at night and some by day. Some winds bring rain, some cause pollinat ion and some winds j ust revive t he soul, while some ot hers bear no benefit . Allah said first .

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΙ ∂ぴ (are signs for t he believers), t hen

び∠ラヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Αぴ (who have fait h wit h cert aint y), t hen

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ぴ

(who underst and), t hus ascending from one honorable st age t o what is more honorable and higher in grade. These Ayat are similar t o an Ayah in Surat Al-Baqarah

モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャや ブ ͡ ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ェほ∠プ∠ ￢∃ べｚョ リ͡ョ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや る∃ よｚ へ∠キ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゑ ｚ よ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヮ͡ よ͡ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゲ͡ ガ ｚジ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ ゅ∠エジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ウ ͡ ⇒∠Αゲあ ャや ͡ブΑ͡ゲ∇ダ∠ゎ∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ チ ͡ ∇ケΕ ∠ や∠ヱ (Verily, in t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h, and in t he alt ernat ion of night and day, and t he ships which sail t hrough t he sea wit h t hat which is of use t o mankind, and t he wat er which Allah sends down from t he sky and makes t he eart h alive t herewit h aft er it s deat h, and t he moving creat ures of all kinds t hat He has spread t herein, and in t he veering of winds and clouds which are held bet ween t he sky and t he eart h, are indeed signs for people of underst anding.) (2:164)

ゑ ∃ Α͡ギェ ∠ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤ∇わ∠ル ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ∠ ぴ - ユ∃ Β͡をぺ∠ ポ ∃ ゅｚプぺ∠ モ あ ム⊥ ャあ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや￢∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ や⇔ゲ͡ら∇ムわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ぁゲダ ͡ Α⊥ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇リョ͡ ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ - ユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ロ⊥ ∇ゲゼ あ ら∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ∠ほミ∠ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ や⇔ヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ ゅ∠ワグ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レハ ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リあョ - ∀リΒ͡ヰョぁ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ や ゅ∠ョ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ン⇔ギワ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゆやグ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ゴ∃ ∇ィケあ リあョ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡

(6. These are t he Ayat of Allah, which We recit e t o you wit h t rut h. Then in which speech aft er Allah and His Ayat will t hey believe) (7. Woe t o every sinful liar.) (8. Who hears t he Ayat of Allah Tut la (recit ed) t o him, yet persist s wit h pride as if he heard t hem not . So announce t o him a painful t orment !) (9. And when he learns somet hing of Our Ayat , he makes t hem a j est . For such t here will be a humiliat ing t orment .) (10. In front of t hem t here is Hell. And t hat which t hey have earned will be of no profit t o t hem, nor t hose whom t hey have t aken as prot ect ive friends besides Allah. And t heirs will be a great t orment .) (11. This is guidance. And t hose who disbelieve in t he Ayat of t heir Lord, for t hem t here is a painful t orment of Rij z.)

The Description of the Sinful Liar and His Requital Allah t he Exalt ed says,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠Αへ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ (These are t he Ayat of Allah) -- in reference t o t he Qur'an wit h t he proofs and evidences t hat it cont ains,

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤ∇わ∠ルぴ (which We recit e t o you wit h t rut h.) for t hey cont ain t he t rut h from t he Trut h (i.e., Allah). Therefore, if t hey do not believe in Allah's Ayat nor abide by t hem, what speech aft er Allah and His Ayat will t hey t hen believe in Allah said next ,

び ユ∃ Β͡をぺ∠ ポ ∃ ゅｚプぺ∠ モ あ ム⊥ ャあ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱぴ (Woe t o every sinful liar.) who lies in his speech, oft en swears, who is wort hless, commit s and ut t ers sinful act s and st at ement s, and disbelieves in Allah's Ayat ,

び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ぴ (Who hears t he Ayat of Allah Tut la (recit ed) t o him,) meaning, being recit ed t o him,

びぁゲダ ͡ Α⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (yet persist s) in his disbelief, denial, pride and rebellion,

びゅ∠ヰ∇バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ∠ほ∠ミぴ (as if he heard t hem not . ) as if he did not hear t hem being recit ed t o him,

び∃ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ロ⊥ ∇ゲゼ あ ら∠ プ∠ ぴ (So announce t o him a painful t orment !) convey t he news t o him t hat on t he Day of Resurrect ion, he will have a painful, severe t orment from Allah. Allah said,

び⇔やヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ ゅ∠ワグ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ゅ∠レ͡わ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when he learns somet hing of Our Ayat , he makes t hem a j est .) if he learns anyt hing from t he Qur'an, he disbelieves in it and t akes it as t he subj ect of j est and ridicule,

び∀リΒ͡ヰョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (For such t here will be a humiliat ing t orment .) as recompense for ridiculing t he Qur'an and j est ing about it . In t he Sahih, Muslim recorded from ` Abdullah bin ` Umar t hat t he Messenger of Allah prohibit ed t raveling wit h t he Qur'an t o enemy lands for fear t hat t he Qur'an might be desecrat ed by t he enemy. Allah explained t he t ype of t orment t hat t hese people earn on t he Day of Ret urn;

び⊥ユレｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リあョぴ (In front of t hem t here is Hell.) meaning, all t hose who have t hese evil charact erist ics will end up in Hellfire on t he Day of Resurrect ion,

び⇔ゅゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レハ ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat which t hey have earned will be of no profit t o t hem, ) t heir wealt h and children will not avail t hem,

び∠￢べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ や ゅ∠ョ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor t hose whom t hey have t aken as prot ect ing friends besides Allah.) nor will t he false gods t hat t hey worshipped besides Allah benefit t hem in t he least ,

び∀ユΒ͡ヌハ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t heirs will be a great t orment .) Allah t he Exalt ed said,

びン⇔ギワ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (This is Huda (guidance).) in reference t o t he Qur'an,

ゴ∃ ∇ィケあ リあョ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び∀ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ (And t hose who disbelieve in t he Ayat of t heir Lord, for t hem t here is a painful t orment of Rij z.) t hat is agonizing and severe. Allah knows best .

ヮ͡ Β͡プ マ ⊥ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ン ∠ ゲ͡ ∇イわ∠ ャ͡ ゲ∠ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ ヱ∠ -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΙ ∂ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ュ∠ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ モ⊥ホ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ン ∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ￢∠ べ∠シぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ (12. Allah, it is He Who has subj ect ed t o you t he sea, t hat ships may sail t hrough it by His command, and t hat you may seek of His bount y, and t hat you may be t hankful.) (13. And has subj ect ed t o you all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is on t he eart h; it is all (as a favor and kindness) from Him. Verily, in it are signs for a people who t hink deeply.) (14. Say t o t he believers t o forgive t hose who hope not for t he Days of Allah, t hat He may recompense people, according t o what t hey have earned.) (15. Whosoever does a good deed, it is for himself, and whosoever does evil, it is against (himself). Then t o your Lord you will be made t o ret urn.)

The Subjugation of the Sea, etc., is among Allah's Signs Allah t he Exalt ed ment ions some of t he favors He gave t o His servant s, such as subj ect ing t he sea for t heir service,

び͡ロゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ マ ⊥ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ン ∠ ゲ͡ ∇イわ∠ ャ͡ぴ (t hat ships may sail t hrough t he sea by His command,) i.e., of Allah t he Exalt ed, Who ordered t he sea t o carry ships,

び͡ヮヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat you may seek of His bount y,) in commercial and business t ransact ions,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat you may be t hankful.) for earning various provisions brought t o you from far away provinces and dist ant areas t hrough t he sea. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And has subj ect ed t o you all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is on t he eart h;) t he st ars, t he mount ains, t he seas, t he rivers and all t hat you use for your benefit ; t hese are all from His favor, kindness and bount y. Allah's st at ement next ,

び⊥ヮ∇レョあ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ぴ (it is all from Him.) Alone wit hout part ners in giving any of it . Allah t he Exalt ed said in anot her Ayah,

ゲぁ ツ ぁ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚジョ∠ や∠クま͡ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ヨ͡ プ∠ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇バルあ リあョ ユ⊥ムよ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠∇イゎ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠み͡プ∠ (And what ever of blessings you have, it is from Allah. Then, when harm t ouches you unt o Him you cry aloud for help.) (16:53) Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about Allah's st at ement ,

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ヮ∇レョあ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ (And has subj ect ed t o you all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is on t he eart h; it is all from Him.) "Everyt hing is from Allah, and t hat is a Name from His Names. So it all comes from Him wit hout rivals t o disput e His aut horit y; surely, t his fact is complet ely cert ain.'' Allah said.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, in it are signs for a people who t hink deeply.)

The Command to be Patient with the Harm of Idolators Allah's saying;

ュ∠ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ モ⊥ホぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや (Say t o t he believers t o forgive t hose who hope not for t he Days of Allah,) means, let t he believers forgive t he disbelievers and endure t he harm t hat t hey direct against t hem. In t he beginning of Islam, Muslims were ordered t o observe pat ience in t he face of t he oppression of t he idolat ors and t he People of t he Script ures so t hat t heir heart s may incline t owards Islam. However, when t he disbelievers persist ed in st ubbornness, Allah legislat ed for t he believers t o fight in Jihad. St at ement s of t his meaning were collect ed from ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas and Qat adah. Muj ahid said about Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ュ∠ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (t hose who hope not for t he Days of Allah,) "They do not appreciat e Allah's favors.'' Allah said,

び∠ラヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ン ∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ (t hat He may recompense people, according t o what t hey have earned.) meaning, if t he believers forgive t he disbelievers in t his life, Allah will st ill punish t he disbelievers for t heir evil in t he Hereaft er. Allah's st at ement next ,

ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ￢∠ べ∠シぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ (Whosoever does a good deed, it is for himself, and whosoever does evil, it is against (himself). Then t o your Lord you will be made t o ret urn.) meaning, you will all ret urn t o Allah on t he Day of Resurrect ion, when you and your act ions will be displayed before Him. Then, He will recompense you for your deeds, good for good and evil for evil.

∠りヲｚ ら⊥ レぁ ャや∠ヱ ユ∠ ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Βヨ∠ヤ⇒∠バ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤツ ｚ プ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠レΒあ よ∠ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や￢∠ヱ ヴ͡ツ∇ボ∠Α マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ⇔Β∇ピよ∠ ユ⊥ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠

ｚユを⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ͡ ∇ノら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇バら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョあ る∃ バ∠ Α͡ゲセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ レ∠ハ ∇やヲ⊥レ∇ピΑ⊥ リ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ や∠グ⇒∠ワ - リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ ぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ゲ⊥ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ダよ∠ (16. And indeed We gave t he Children of Israel t he Script ure, and t he underst anding of t he Script ure and it s laws, and t he prophet hood; and provided t hem wit h good t hings, and preferred t hem above t he nat ions.) (17. And gave t hem clear proofs in mat t ers. And t hey differed not unt il aft er t he knowledge came t o t hem, t hrough envy among t hemselves. Verily, your Lord will j udge bet ween t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion about t hat wherein t hey used t o differ.) (18. Then We have put you on a (legal) way of commandment . So follow you t hat , and follow not t he desires of t hose who know not .) (19. Verily, t hey can avail you not hing against Allah. Verily, t he wrongdoers are prot ect ing friends of one anot her, but Allah is t he Prot ect or of t hose who have Taqwa.) (20. This is a clear insight and evidence for mankind, and a guidance and a mercy for people who have fait h wit h cert aint y.)

Preference of Allah to the Children of Israel and their dispute thereafter Allah t he Exalt ed ment ions t he favors He grant ed t he Children of Israel, such as revealing t he Divine Books t o t hem, sending t he Messengers t o t hem and grant ing t hem kingship. Allah said,

∠りヲｚ ら⊥ レぁ ャや∠ヱ ユ∠ ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ろ⇒∠らΒあト ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ (And indeed We gave t he Children of Israel t he Script ure, and t he underst anding of t he Script ure and it s laws, and t he prophet hood; and provided t hem wit h good t hings,) such as foods and drinks,

び∠リΒヨ∠ヤ⇒∠バ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤツ ｚ プ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and preferred t hem above t he nat ions.) of t heir t ime,

び͡ゲ∇ョｘΙや リ ∠ ョあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠レΒあ よ∠ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や￢∠ヱぴ (And gave t hem clear proofs in mat t ers.) ` We gave t hem evidences, proofs and unequivocal signs.' Therefore, t he proof has been est ablished against t hem, yet t hey differed among t hemselves aft er t he proof came t o t hem, out of t ransgression against each ot her,

び∠マよｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, your Lord) ` O Muhammad',

ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ͡ツ∇ボΑ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ (will j udge bet ween t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion about t hat wherein t hey used t o differ. ) He will j udge bet ween t hem by His j ust j udgement .

Warning to this Ummah against following the Ways of the Children of Israel This Ayah cont ains a warning t o t he Muslim Ummah as well. It warns t hem not t o t ake t he pat h t he Jews t ook nor adopt t heir ways. This is why Allah said,

びゅ∠ヰ∇バら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョあ る∃ バ∠ Α͡ゲセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then We have put you on a (legal) way of commandment . So follow you t hat .) ` follow what was revealed t o you from your Lord, O Muhammad, t here is no t rue deit y except Him, and t urn away from t he idolat ors.' Allah said,

∇やヲ⊥レ∇ピΑ⊥ リ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ͡み∠ルヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ リ ∠ Αグ͡ ャｚや ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ノら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ￢⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ レ∠ハ び∃ヂ∇バよ∠ (and follow not t he desires of t hose who know not . Verily, t hey can avail you not hing against Allah. Verily, t he wrongdoers are prot ect ing friends of one anot her,) Allah says, ` what will t he loyalt y t hat t he idolat ors give each ot her avail t hem' Indeed, all t hey will earn from t heir prot ect ing friends is more loss, dest ruct ion and demise,

び∠リΒ͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ ぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (but Allah is t he Prot ect or of t hose who have Taqwa.) and He will deliver t hem from t he darkness t o t he light . In cont rast , all t he false deit ies are t he prot ect ing friends of t hose who disbelieve, t aking t hem out of t he light t o t he darkness. Allah said,

び͡サゅｚレヤ͡ャ ゲ⊥ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ダよ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (This is a clear insight and evidence for man- kind,) in reference t o t he Qur'an,

び∠ラヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and a guidance and a mercy for people who have fait h wit h cert aint y.)

∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇イルｚ ラ∠ぺ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ェゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ∠ ジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠Β∇エョｚ ￢⇔ へ∠ヲシ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ べ∠シ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ヨョ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ン∠ゴ∇イわ⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ロ⊥ や∠ヲワ∠ ヮ⊥ ヰ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ バ͡ ∇ヨシ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ∠ わ∠ カ ∠ ヱ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚッ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ͡ヮΑ͡ギ∇ヰ∠Α リ∠ヨプ∠ り⇔ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ゼビ ͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ダ ∠ よ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (21. Or do t hose who earn evil deeds t hink t hat We shall hold t hem equal wit h t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, in t heir present life and aft er t heir deat h Worst is t he j udgement t hat t hey make.) (22. And Allah has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h wit h t rut h, in order t hat each person may be recompensed what he has earned, and t hey will not be wronged.) (23. Have you seen him who t akes his own lust as his god And Allah, left him ast ray wit h knowledge, and sealed his hearing and his heart , and put a cover on his sight . Who t hen will guide him aft er Allah Will you not t hen remember)

The Life and the Death of the Believers and the Disbelievers are not Equal Allah t he Exalt ed st at es here t hat t he believers and t he disbelievers are never equal. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴも͡ べ∠ヘ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ (Not equal are t he dwellers of t he Fire and t he dwellers of t he Paradise. It is t he dwellers of Paradise t hat will be successf ul.) (59:20) Allah said here,

び͡ろ⇒∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ェゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ∠ ジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or do t hose who earn evil deeds t hink) t hose who commit and pract ice evil,

ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇イルｚ ラ∠ぺぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ヨョ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠Β∇エョｚ ￢⇔ へ∠ヲシ ∠ (t hat We shall hold t hem equal wit h t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, in t heir life and t heir deat h) t reat t hem equally in t he present life of t he world and in t he Hereaft er

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ べ∠シぴ (Worst is t he j udgement t hat t hey make.) ` worst is t he t hought t hat t hey have about Us and about Our j ust ice, t hinking t hat We will ever make t he pious and t he wicked equal in t he Hereaft er or t his life.' At --Tabarani recorded t hat Shu` bah said t hat ` Amr bin Murrah narrat ed t hat Abu Ad-Duha said t hat Masruq said t hat Tamim Ad-Dari once st ood in volunt ary prayer t hrough t he night unt il t he morning only recit ing t his Ayah,

∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇イルｚ ラ∠ぺ ͡ろ⇒∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ェゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ∠ ジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ び͡ろ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ (Or do t hose who earn evil deeds t hink t hat We shall hold t hem equal wit h t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds) Allah said in reply:

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ べ∠シぴ (Worst is t he j udgement t hat t hey make.) Allah said,

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h wit h t rut h,) meaning, in j ust ice,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ン∠ゴ∇イわ⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (in order t hat each person may be recompensed what he has earned, and t hey will not be wronged.) Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び⊥ロや∠ヲワ∠ ヮ⊥ ヰ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Have you seen him who t akes his own lust as his god), who abides by his lust , and what ever his lust port rays as good he implement s it , and what ever his lust port rays as evil, he abandons it ! Allah's st at ement ,

び∃ユ∇ヤハ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚッ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And Allah left him ast ray wit h knowledge, ) has t wo meanings. One of t hem is t hat Allah knew t hat t his person deserves t o be misguided, so He left him ast ray. The second meaning is t hat Allah led t his person ast ray aft er knowledge reached him and t he proof was est ablished before him. The second meaning includes t he first meaning, but not t he opposit e. Allah said,

ロ͡ ゲ͡ ダ ∠ よ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ バ͡ ∇ヨシ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ∠ わ∠ カ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び⇔りヲ∠ ⇒∠ゼビ ͡ (and sealed his hearing and his heart , and put a cover on his sight .) so he does not hear what benefit s him, underst ands not what would lead him t o t he guidance and sees not t he evidence wit h which he can be enlight ened. This is why Allah said,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ͡ヮΑ͡ギ∇ヰ∠Α リ∠ヨ∠プぴ (Who t hen will guide him aft er Allah Will you not t hen remember) Allah said in a similar Ayah,

ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ グ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヵ ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠ワ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ (Whomsoever Allah sends ast ray, none can guide him; and He let s t hem wander blindly in t heir t ransgressions.) (7:186).

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇エル∠ ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨル∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゅ∠レゎ⊥ ゅ∠Β∠ェ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ワｚギャや Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠レム⊥ ヤ͡∇ヰΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ろ ∃ ⇒∠レΒあ よ∠ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲぁレヌ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま べ∠レも͡ べ∠よゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥わ∇もや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ｚイェ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α (24. And t hey say: "There is not hing but our life of t his world, we die and we live and not hing dest roys us except Ad-Dahr (t ime). And t hey have no knowledge of it , t hey only presume.) (25. And when Our Clear Ayat are recit ed t o t hem, t heir argument is no ot her t han t hat t hey say: "Bring back our (dead) fat hers, if you are t rut hful!'') (26. Say (t o t hem): "Allah gives you life, t hen causes you t o die, t hen He will assemble you on t he Day of Resurrect ion about which t here is no doubt . But most of mankind know not .'')

The Conviction of the Disbelievers, Their Argument and the Refutation of it Allah ment ions here t he creed of Ad-Dahriyyah and t he Arab idolat ors who embraced t heir creed, denying Resurrect ion,

びゅ∠Β∇エル∠ ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨル∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ゅ∠レゎ⊥ ゅ∠Β∠ェ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey say: "There is not hing but our life of t his world, we die and we live....'') They say t hat t here is only t his life, some people die while ot hers are born t o life, wit hout Resurrect ion or Judgement . This was t he creed of Arab idolat ors who used t o deny Resurrect ion, in addit ion t o, t he creed of t he at heist philosophers among t hem who denied t he creat ion and Resurrect ion. This was also t he st at ement of at heist philosophers who deny t he Creat or and t hink t hat t he world will ret urn t o it s original form once every t hirt y--six t housand years, when everyt hing will rest art it s life--cycle again! They claim t hat t his cycle was repeat ed for infinit y, t hus cont radict ing t he sound reason and t he divine revelat ion. They said,

び⊥ゲ∇ワギｚ ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠レム⊥ ヤ͡∇ヰΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and not hing dest roys us except Ad-Dahr (t ime).) Allah t he Exalt ed said in reply,

び∠ラヲぁレヌ ⊥ Α∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey have no knowledge of it , t hey only presume.) t hey speculat e and guess! As for t he Hadit h recorded by t he t wo collect ors of t he Sahih, and Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i, from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ワギｚ ャや ぁょジ ⊥ Α∠ ∩∠ュキ∠ へ リ ⊥ ∇よや ヶ͡レΑ͡ク∇ぽΑ⊥ :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » «ロ∠ケゅ∠ヰル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ょ ⊥ あヤホ∠ ぺ⊥ ∩⊥ゲ∇ョほ∠∇ャや ヵ ∠ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ∩⊥ゲ∇ワギｚ ャや (Allah t he Exalt ed says, "The Son of ` Adam annoys Me when he curses Ad-Dahr (t ime), while I am Ad-Dahr. In My Hand are all mat t ers; I cause t he alt ernat ion of his days and night s.'') In anot her narrat ion;

«ゲ∇ワギｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ワギｚ ャや やヲぁらジ ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» (Do not curse Ad-Dahr (t ime), for Allah is Ad-Dahr.) Ash-Shafi` i, Abu ` Ubaydah and several ot her Imams of Tafsir explained t he meaning of t he Prophet 's st at ement ,

«ゲ∇ワギｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ワギｚ ャや やヲぁらジ ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» (Do not abuse Ad-Dahr (t ime), for Allah is Ad-Dahr.) They said, "During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, when an afflict ion, a calamit y or a disast er st ruck t hem, t he Arabs used t o say, ` Woe t o AdDahr (t ime)!' So t hey used t o blame such incident s on Ad-Dahr, cursing Ad-Dahr in t he process. Surely, it is Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored Who causes t hese (and all) t hings t o happen. This is why when t hey cursed Ad-Dahr, it was as if t hey were cursing Allah Himself, since t rut hfully, He causes all incident s t o happen. Therefore, abusing Ad-Dahr was prohibit ed due t o t his considerat ion, for it was Allah Whom t hey meant by abusing Ad-Dahr, which -- as we said-t hey accused of causing (dist ressful) incident s.'' This is t he best explanat ion for t his subj ect , and it is t he desired meaning. Allah knows best . We should ment ion t hat Ibn Hazm and t hose of t he Zahiriyyah like him made an error when t hey used t his Hadit h t o include Ad-Dahr among Allah's most beaut iful Names. Allah's st at ement ,

び∃れゅ∠レΒあ よ∠ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when Our Clear Ayat are recit ed t o t hem,) means, when t he t rut h is made plain t o t hem and used as evidence against t hem, assert ing t hat Allah is able t o resurrect t he bodies aft er t hey have perished and disint egrat ed,

∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま べ∠レ͡もべ∠よゅ∠⇒͡よ ∇やヲ⊥わ∇もや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ｚイェ ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚョぴ び∠リΒ͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ

(t heir argument is no ot her t han t hat t hey say: "Bring back our fat hers, if you are t rut hful!'') ` bring t hem back t o life, if what you say is t rue.' Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ (Say (t o t hem): "Allah gives you life and t hen causes you t o die...'') ` for you are wit nesses t hat He brings you (or new life) t o exist ence aft er non--exist ence,'

ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠Β∇ェほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ゎヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ Β͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ (How can you disbelieve in Allah Seeing t hat you were dead and He gave you life. Then He will give you deat h, t hen again will bring you t o life.) (2:28) Therefore, He Who is able t o init iat e creat ion, is able t o rest art it , as well and more obviously,

ラ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ぺ⊥ギ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (And He it is Who originat es t he creat ion, t hen He will repeat it ; and t his is easier for Him.) (30:27) Allah said next ,

び͡ヮΒ͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen He will assemble you on t he Day of Resurrect ion about which t here is no doubt .) ` when He resurrect s you, it will be on and for t he Day of Resurrect ion, not in t his life. Therefore, your st at ement is groundless,'

び∠リΒ͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま べ∠レも͡ べ∠よゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥わ∇もやぴ Bring back our (dead) fat hers, if you are t rut hful! Alla0h said,

び͡ノ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ The Day when He will gat her you (all) on t he Day of Gat hering. )64:9(,

びモ ͡ ∇ダヘ∠ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ - ∇ろヤ∠ィ あ ぺ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヵ あ Ε ∠ぴ (For what Day are t hese signs post poned For t he Day of sort ing out .) (77:12-13), and,

び ∃キヱ⊥ギ∇バョｚ モ ∃ィ ∠Ι ６ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ あカぽ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We delay it only for a t erm (already) fixed.) (11:104) Allah said here,

び͡ヮΒ͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (t hen He will assemble you on t he Day of Resurrect ion about which t here is no doubt .) t here is no doubt t hat it will come,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (But most of mankind know not .) and t his is why t hey deny Resurrect ion and discount t he fact t hat t he bodies will be brought back t o life. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び ゅ⇔らΑ͡ゲホ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ゲル∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ギΒ͡バよ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hey see it afar off. But We see it (quit e) near.) (70:6), t hey discount t he possibilit y t hat Resurrect ion will ever come, while t he believers believe t hat it s occurrence is easy and imminent .

ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ｚモミ⊥ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤト ͡ ∇らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ る⊥ ハ∠ゅジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰら͡ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ∠ハ∇ギゎ⊥ る∃ ョｚ ぺ ぁモミ⊥ る⇔ Β∠ を͡ ゅ∠ィ ゅｚル͡ま ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ⊥ト ͡ レ∠Α ゅ∠レら⊥ ⇒∠わミ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ オ ⊥ジ ͡ レ∠わ∇ジル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ (27. And t o Allah belongs t he kingdom of t he heavens and t he eart h. And on t he Day t hat t he Hour will be est ablished -- on t hat Day t he followers of falsehood shall lose.) (28. And you will see each nat ion humbled t o t heir knees (Jat hiyah), each nat ion will be called t o it s Record (of deeds). This Day you shall be recompensed for what you used t o do.) (29. This Our Record speaks about you wit h t rut h. Verily, We were recording what you used t o do.)

Some of the Conditions of the Day of Resurrection and its Horrors Allah ment ions t hat He is t he King and Owner of t he heavens and eart h, and t he Only Ruler over t hem in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥るハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And on t he Day t hat t he Hour will be est ablished) on t he Day of Resurrect ion,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤト ͡ ∇らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ぴ (t he followers of falsehood shall lose.) t hose who disbelieve in Allah and rej ect t he clear proofs and unequivocal evidences t hat He has sent down t o His Messengers. Allah said,

び⇔るΒ∠ を͡ ゅ∠ィ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ｚモミ⊥ ン∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ (And you will see each nat ion humbled t o t heir knees (Jat hiyah),) kneeling, fearful of t he t remendous calamit y and event s. It was said t hat t his will occur when Hellfire will be brought fort h, for she will exhale once, and everyone will fall t o t heir knees, including Ibrahim, t he Khalil. He will proclaim, "Myself, myself, myself ! Today, I will not ask You (O Allah) but about myself.'' And even ` Isa, will proclaim, "Today, I will only argue before You on my own behalf, I will not ask You about Maryam, who gave birt h t o me.'' Allah said next ,

びゅ∠ヰら͡ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ∠ハ∇ギゎ⊥ る∃ ョｚ ぺ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ (each nat ion will be called t o it s Record. ) meaning, Record of deeds. Allah said in a similar Ayah,

び͡￢へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ ∇ΒΒあ ら͡ レｚ ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ ヴ⇒͡ィヱ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ノ∠ ッ ͡ ヱ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he Book will be present ed; and t he Prophet s and t he wit nesses will be brought forward) (39:69). This is why Allah said here,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャやぴ (This Day you shall be recompensed for what you used t o do.) ` you will be j udged according t o your deeds, good and evil.' Allah said in similar Ayat ;

リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや モ ͡ よ∠ - ゲ∠ カ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ グ͡ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ほ⊥ｚらレ∠ Α⊥ ぴ び ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α͡クゅ∠バョ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - ∀り∠ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (On t hat Day man will be informed of what he sent forward, and what he left behind. Nay! Man will be a wit ness against himself, t hough he may put fort h his excuses.) (75:13-15) Allah said,

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ⊥ト ͡ レ∠Α ゅ∠レら⊥ ⇒∠わミ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ

(This, Our Record speaks about you wit h t rut h.) It cont ains t he record of all your act ions, wit hout addit ion or delet ion. Allah also said:

ゅｚヨョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ゲわ∠ プ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ノ∠ ッ ͡ ヱ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ケ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠ピΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰャ͡ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∠わ∠ヤ∇Α∠ヲΑ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠ィ∠ヱ∠ヱ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ダ∇ェぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ り⇔ ゲ∠ Β͡らミ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ Β͡ピタ ∠ び や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲッ ͡ ゅ∠ェ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ (And t he Book will be present ed, and you will see t he criminals, fearful of t hat which is t herein. They will say:"Woe t o us! What sort of Book is t his t hat leaves neit her a small t hing nor a big t hing, but has recorded it wit h numbers!'' And t hey will find all t hat t hey did, placed before t hem, and your Lord t reat s no one wit h inj ust ice.) (18:49) Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ オ ⊥ジ ͡ レ∠わ∇ジル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We were recording what you used t o do.) means, ` We ordered Our scribe angels t o record your deeds.' Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers comment ed, "The angels record t he deeds of t he servant s and t hen ascend t o heaven wit h t hem. There, t hey meet t he angels ent rust ed wit h t he Records of deeds sent down from Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz on each Night of Al-Qadr, cont aining what Allah has writ t en will occur from t he servant s, long before He creat ed t hem. They will compare t heir records and find out t hat not a single let t er was added or delet ed.'' He t hen recit ed t his Ayah,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ オ ⊥ジ ͡ レ∠わ∇ジル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We were recording what you used t o do.)

∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ プ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ - リ ⊥ Β͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ ヴ͡わ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ - リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョぁ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ゅｚョ ユ⊥わ∇ヤホ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや∠ヱ ペ ｘェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ∂ ニ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ぁヌ ⊥ ルｚ ラ͡ま る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ゅ∠ョ ン͡ケ∇ギル∠

ベ ∠ ゅ∠ェヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠ギよ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レボ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ジレ∠ル ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユム⊥ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ジル∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ムャ͡ク∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲダ ͡ ⇒ｚル リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ∠ ∇ガΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ゎｚゲビ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ ゆ あ ケ∠ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚヤ͡プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らわ∠ バ∠ わ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ͡ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ￢⊥ べ∠Αゲ͡ ∇らム͡ ∇ャや び ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや (30. Then, as for t hose who believed and did good deeds, t heir Lord will admit t hem t o His mercy. That will be t he evident success.) (31. But as for t hose who disbelieved (it will be said t o t hem): "Were not Our Ayat recit ed t o you But you were proud, and you were a people who were criminals.'') (32. And when it was said: "Verily, Allah's promise is t he t rut h, and t here is no doubt about t he coming of t he Hour,'' you said: "We know not what is t he Hour: we do not t hink it but conj ect ure, and we have no firm convincing belief (t herein).'') (33. And t he evil of what t hey did will appear t o t hem, and t hat which t hey used t o mock at will complet ely encircle t hem.) (34. And it will be said: "This Day We will forget you as you forgot t he meet ing of t his Day of yours. And your abode is t he Fire, and t here is none t o help you.'') (35. This, because you t ook t he revelat ions of Allah in mockery, and t he life of t he world deceived you. So t his Day, t hey shall not be t aken out from t here (Hell), nor shall t hey be ret urned t o t he worldly life.) (36. So all praise is due t o Allah, t he Lord of t he heavens and t he Lord of t he eart h, and t he Lord of all t hat exist s.) (37. And His is t he maj est y in t he heavens and t he eart h, and He is Al-` Aziz, Al-Hakim.)

Allah states to us His judgement in His creation on the Day of Resurrection,

び͡ろ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then, as for t hose who believed and did good deeds,) Those whose heart s believed and t heir limbs performed good deeds, in sincerit y t o Allah and conforming wit h Islamic legislat ion;

び͡ヮわ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (t heir Lord will admit t hem t o His mercy. ) and t hat is Paradise. In t he Sahih, Allah said t o Paradise;

«￢ゅ∠セぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ マ ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∩ヶわ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ろ ͡ ∇ルぺ∠» ("You are My mercy, wit h which I grant mercy t o whom I will,'') Allah said;

び⊥リΒ͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That will be t he evident success.) clear and apparent . Allah said,

∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ ヴ͡わ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ (But as for t hose who disbelieved (it will be said t o t hem): "Were not Our Ayat recit ed t o you But you were proud...'') They will be admonished and crit icized wit h t his st at ement , t hat means, ` have not t he Ayat of Ar-Rahman been recit ed t o you But you did not follow t hem out of pride and t urned away upon hearing t hem,'

び∠リΒ͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョぁ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ぴ (and you were a people who were criminals.), ` by your act ions, as well as, t he denial t hat your heart s cont ained.'

ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや∠ヱ ペ ｘェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ ラ ｚ ま͡ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (And when it was said: "Verily, Allah's promise is t he t rut h, and t here is no doubt about t he coming of t he Hour,'') ` when t he believers said t hese words t o you;'

び⊥るハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ゅ∠ョ ン͡ケ∇ギル∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥わ∇ヤホ⊥ ぴ (you said: "We know not what is t he Hour...'') ` we do not recognize what you are t alking about ,'

び⇔ゅレ∂ ニ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ぁヌ ⊥ ルｚ ラ͡まぴ

(we do not t hink it but conj ect ure,) ` we only remot ely t hink t hat it might come,'

び∠リΒ͡レボ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ よ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and we have no firm convincing belief (t herein).) ` we are not sure of it .' Allah said,

び∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠ギよ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he evil of what t hey did will appear t o t hem,) t he repercussion of t heir evil deeds will become apparent t o t hem,

びユ͡ヰよ͡ ∠ベゅ∠ェ∠ヱぴ (and will complet ely encircle t hem.) from all direct ions,

び∠ラヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ (t hat which t hey used t o mock at ) of t he coming t orment and punishment ,

び∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ジレ∠ル ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ ぴ (And it will be said: "This Day We will forget you...'') ` We will t reat you as if We have forgot t en you, cast ing you in t he fire of Jahannam,'

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユム⊥ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ボャ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ジル∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠ミぴ (as you forgot t he meet ing of t his Day of yours.) ` and did not work for it because you did not believe in it s coming,'

び∠リΑ͡ゲダ ͡ ⇒ｚル リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And your abode is t he Fire, and t here is none t o help you.) In t he Sahih, it is report ed t hat Allah t he Exalt ed will ask some of His servant s on t he Day of Resurrect ion,

モ ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ∠ ∇ゲガ あシ ∠ ぺ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∨∠マ∇ョゲ͡ ∇ミぺ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∨∠マ∇ィヱあ コ∠ ぺ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠» ヴ∠ヤよ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨⊥ノよ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ サ ⊥ ぺ∠∇ゲゎ∠ ポ ∠ ∇ケク∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠モよ͡ み͡∇ャや∠ヱ

.ゅ∠ャ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨ｚヶ͡ホゅ∠ヤョ⊥ マ ∠ ルｚ ぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇レレ∠ ヌ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ .ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α «ヶ͡レわ∠ Β͡ジル∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ポ ∠ ゅ∠ジ∇ルぺ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プ :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ("Have I not given you a spouse, honored you and subj ect ed t he camels and horses t o you Have I not allowed you t o be a chief and a mast er'' The servant will say in answer, "Yes, O Lord!'' Allah will say, "Did you t hink t hat you would ever meet Me'' He will say, "No.'' Allah t he Exalt ed will say, "t hen t his Day, I will forget you as you forgot Me.'') Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び⇔やヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚルほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ムャ͡ク∠ ぴ (This, because you t ook t he revelat ions of Allah in mockery.) ` We gave you t his punishment as ret ribut ion because you mocked Allah's proofs t hat He sent t o you, and made t hem t he subj ect of j okes and j est ,'

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ゎｚゲビ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t he life of t he world deceived you.) ` t his life fooled you and you were seduced by t o it , t hus becoming among t he ult imat e losers,'

びゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ∠ ∇ガΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プぴ (So t his Day, t hey shall not be t aken out from t here), from Hellfire,

び∠ラヲ⊥らわ∠ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor shall t hey be ret urned t o t he worldly life.) no apologies shall be sought from t hem, but t hey will be punished wit hout limit or delay, j ust as a group of t he believers will ent er Paradise wit hout limit or delay. Aft er Allah ment ioned His j udgement for t he believers and t he disbelievers, He said,

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘやゆ あ ケ∠ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚヤ͡プ∠ ぴ (So all praise is due t o Allah, t he Lord of t he heavens and t he Lord of t he eart h,) He is t heir Owner and t he Owner of all t hat is in and on t hem, and surely,

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ (and t he Lord of all t hat exist s.) Allah said next ,

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ￢⊥ べ∠Αゲ͡ ∇らム͡ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(And His is t he maj est y in t he heavens and t he eart h, ) meaning, t he kingship, according t o Muj ahid. This Ayah means, Allah is t he Almight y, Wort hy of all praise; everyt hing and everyone is subservient and in complet e need of and dependent upon Him. In an aut hent ic Hadit h, t he Prophet said,

￢⊥ ゅ∠Α͡ゲ∇ら͡ム∇ャや∠ヱ ∩ヵ͡ケや∠コま͡ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヌ ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇レム∠ ∇シぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ や⇔ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ ヶ͡レハ ∠ コ∠ ゅ∠ル ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩ヶ͡もや∠キケ͡ «ヵ͡ケゅル∠ (Allah t he Exalt ed said, "Glory is My robe and pride is My garment ; whoever rivals Me for eit her of t hem, I will make him reside in My Fire!'') Muslim collect ed a similar Hadit h. Allah said,

び⊥ゴΑ͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He is t he Al-` Aziz,) Who is never resist ed or rivaled,

び⊥ユΒ͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (Al-Hakim) all wise in His st at ement s, act ions, legislat ion and t he decree t hat He appoint s; all glory and praise are due t o Him, none has t he right t o be worshipped but He, Alone. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Jat hiyah. All praise and t hanks are due t o Allah alone.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Ahqaf (Chapter - 46) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅレ∠ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⇒ェぴ ∇やヱ⊥ケグ͡ ル⊥ぺ べｚヨハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヴ⇔ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∀ポ∇ゲ͡セ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ∠カ ∠ や∠クゅ∠ョ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥ケぺ∠

り∃ ゲ∠ ⇒∠をぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わム͡ よ͡ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥わ∇もや れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒ヨ∠ ジ ｚ ャや ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α リｚヨョ͡ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リョあ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ⊥ Β͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ｚ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅミ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ゼ ͡ェ ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ハキ⊥ リ∠ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ギ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ (1. Ha Mim.) (2. The revelat ion of t he Book is from Allah, t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.) (3. We creat ed not t he heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is bet ween t hem except wit h t rut h, and for a specified t erm. But t hose who disbelieve, t urn away from t hat whereof t hey are warned.) (4. Say: "Think you about all t hat you invoke besides Allah Show me what have t hey creat ed of t he eart h Or have t hey a share in (t he creat ion of) t he heavens Bring me a script ure prior t o t his or some t race of knowledge, if you are t rut hful!'') (5. And who is more ast ray t han t hose who invoke besides Allah ot hers who will not answer t hem unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, and who are unaware of t heir invocat ions t o t hem) (6. And when mankind are gat hered, t hey (false deit ies) will become t heir enemies and will deny t heir worship.)

The Qur'an is a Revelation from Allah and the Universe is His True Creation Allah informs t hat He has revealed t he Book t o His servant and Messenger Muhammad -- may Allah's blessings be upon him unt il t he Day of Judgement . Allah t hen describes Himself as being of unimaginable glory, possessing ult imat e wisdom in His st at ement s and act ions. Allah t hen says,

Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ゅ∠ョぴ びあペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (We creat ed not t he heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is bet ween t hem except in t rut h,) meaning, not in idle play and falsehood.

びヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∀ィ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and for a specified t erm.) meaning, for a fixed and specified durat ion t hat will not increase or decrease. Allah cont inues,

び∠ラヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ケグ͡ ル⊥ぺ べｚヨ∠ハ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ

(But t hose who disbelieve, t urn away from t hat of which t hey are warned.) Meaning, t he disbelievers are dist ract ed from what is int ended for t hem. Allah has indeed revealed t o t hem a Book and sent t o t hem a Messenger. Yet , t hey obst inat ely t urn away from all of t hat . Therefore, t hey will soon realize t he consequence of t heir behavior.

Refuting the Idolators Allah t hen says,

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say) meaning, t o t hese idolat ors who worship ot hers besides Allah.

や∠クゅ∠ョ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥ケぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び͡チ∇ケｘΙや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ∠カ ∠ (Think you about all t hat you invoke besides Allah Show me what t hey have creat ed of t he eart h) (46:4) meaning, ` show me t he place t hat t hey have independent ly creat ed from t he eart h.'

び͡れヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∀ポ∇ゲ͡セ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or have t hey a share in t he heavens) which means t hat t hey are not part ners in anyt hing in t he heavens, nor on eart h. They do not own even t he t hin membrane covering a dat e's pit . The dominion and cont rol only belong t o Allah, Exalt ed is He. ` How t hen would you worship ot hers or j oin t hem as part ners wit h Him Who guided you t o t hat Who called you t o t hat Did He command you t o do it , or is it somet hing t hat you suggest ed yourselves' Thus, He says,

びへ∠グ⇒∠ワ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わム͡ よ͡ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥わ∇もやぴ (Bring me a script ure prior t o t his) meaning, ` bring a book from among t he Books of Allah t hat have been revealed t o t he Prophet s, t hat commands you t o worship t hese idols.'

び∃ユ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リョあ り∃ ゲ∠ ⇒∠をぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or some t race of knowledge,) meaning, ` some clear evidence j ust ifying t his way you have chosen.'

び∠リΒ͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まぴ

(if you are t rut hful!) meaning, ` you have absolut ely no evidence for t hat -- neit her t ext ual (from revelat ion) nor rat ional.' For t his reason, some recit ed it ; (∇ヱぺ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ を∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ) "or somet hing inherit ed from knowledge'' meaning, ` or t rue knowledge t hat you have inherit ed from anyone before you.' This is similar t o Muj ahid's st at ement when he said,

び∃ユ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リョあ り∃ ゲ∠ ⇒∠をぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or some t race of knowledge.) "Or anyone who has inherit ed any knowledge.'' Allah t hen says,

Ι ｚ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リｚヨョ͡ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ハキ⊥ リ∠ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ⊥ Β͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ビ (And who is more ast ray t han t hose who invokes besides Allah ot hers who will not answer t hem unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, and who are unaware of t heir invocat ions t o t hem) meaning, no one is more misguided t han t hose who invoke idols inst ead of Allah, asking t hem for t hings t hat t hey cannot give -- unt il t he Day of Judgment . They (t he idols) are unaware of what he asks, t hey can neit her hear, see, or act . This is because t hey are inanimat e, senseless st ones. Allah t hen says,

∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ギ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ゼ ͡ェ ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ (And when mankind are gat hered, t hey will become t heir enemies and will deny t heir worship.) This is similar t o Allah's saying:

び や⇔ゴ∂ ハ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャあ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や￢ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ び や⇔ギ∂ ッ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠らバ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΒ∠ シ ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (They have t aken gods beside Allah, t hat t hey might give t hem dignit y. No! They will deny t heir worship of t hem, and will be opponent s t o t hem.) (19:81, 82) meaning, t hey will bet ray t hem when t hey need t hem t he most . (Ibrahim) Al-Khalil, peace be upon him, said:

ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ∇Βよ∠ り∠ キｚ ヲ∠ ョｚ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠を∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ や ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや

リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ リ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ヱ∠ び∠リΑ͡ゲダ ͡ ⇒ｚル (You have t aken only idols besides Allah! The love bet ween you is only in t he life of t his world. On t he Day of Resurrect ion, you shall disown each ot her and curse each ot her, and your abode will be t he Fire, and you shall have no helpers.)(29:25)

∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ろ ∃ ⇒∠レΒあ よ∠ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡ャ ∠ラヲ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ヨ∠ゎ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Αゲ∠ わ∠ ∇プや ラ ͡ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ロ⊥ や∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツΒ͡ヘゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ - ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡よ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ン͡ケ∇キ∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ モ ͡シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ハ∇ギよ͡ び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ノ⊥ ら͡ ゎｚ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ (7. And when Our Clear Ayat are recit ed t o t hem, t he disbelievers say of t he t rut h when it reaches t hem: "This is plain magic!'') (8. Or say t hey: "He has fabricat ed it .'' Say: "If I have fabricat ed it , st ill you have no power t o support me against Allah. He knows best of what you say among yourselves concerning it ! Sufficient is He as a wit ness bet ween me and you! And He is t he Oft --Forgiving, t he Most Merciful.'') (9. Say: "I am not a new t hing among t he Messengers, nor do I know what will be done wit h me or you. I only follow t hat which is revealed t o me, and I am but a plain warner.'')

Refuting Claims of the Idolators about the Qur'an and the Messenger Concerning t he disbelief and rebellion of t he idolat ors, Allah says t hat when t he clear Ayat of Allah are recit ed t o t hem t hey say;

び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (This is plain magic!) meaning, simple magic. In t his st at ement of t heirs, t hey have lied, invent ed a falsehood, went ast ray and disbelieved.

び⊥ロや∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or t hey say: "He has fabricat ed it .'' ) They are referring t o Muhammad . Allah responds saying,

び⇔ゅゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡ャ ∠ラヲ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ヨ∠ゎ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Αゲ∠ わ∠ ∇プや ラ ͡ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "If I have fabricat ed it , you have no power t o support me against Allah...'') which means, ` if I lie against Allah and falsely claim t hat He sent me when He act ually had not , t hen He would punish me wit h a severe punishment . No one on t he eart h -- you or anyone else -- would t hen be able t o prot ect me from Him.' It is similar t o Allah's saying,

リ͡ョ ギ∠ ィ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇リャ∠ヱ∠ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡ルゲ∠ Β͡イΑ⊥ リ∠ャ ヴあルま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び͡ヮわ͡ ⇒∠ヤ⇒∠シケ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ビ∠Κよ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ や⇔ギ∠エわ∠ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ (Say: "None can prot ect me from Allah, nor would I find a refuge except in Him. (My dut y) is only t o convey from Allah and (deliver) His Messages. '') (72:22-23) Allah says,

ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠Ε ∠ -モ ͡ Α͡ヱゅ∠ホΙ ｘやヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ヲｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ゎヲ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇バト ∠ ボ∠ ャ∠ ｚユを⊥ - リ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ びリ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ⇒∠ェ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ (And if he made up a false saying concerning Us, We surely would have seized him by t he right hand. Then we would have cut off his life art ery. And none of you could wit hhold Us from (punishing) him.) (69:44-47) Thus, Allah says here,

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡ャ ∠ラヲ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ヨ∠ゎ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Αゲ∠ わ∠ ∇プや ラ ͡ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヴ͡レ∇Βよ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツΒ͡ヘゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ (Say: "If I have fabricat ed it , st ill you have no power t o support me against Allah. He knows best of what you say among yourselves concerning it (i.e. t his Qur'an)! Sufficient is He as a wit ness bet ween me and you!...'') This is a severe t hreat , int imidat ion and warning for t hem. Allah t hen says,

び⊥ユΒ͡ェゲｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And He is t he Oft -Forgiving, t he Most Merciful.) This is an encouragement for t hem t o repent and t urn t o Allah. It means, ` despit e all of t his, if you t urn back and repent , Allah will accept your repent ance, pardon you, forgive you, and have mercy upon on.' This is similar t o Allah's saying in Surat Al-Furqan,

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇ヨゎ⊥ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰら∠ わ∠ わ∠ ∇ミや リ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘ や ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ヴ͡プ ゲｚ ジ あ ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇モホ⊥ - Κ ⇔ Β͡タぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (And t hey say: "(This Book is) legends of t he ancient s t hat he has writ t en down, and t hey are dict at ed t o him morning and aft ernoon.'' Say: "It has been sent down by t he One Who knows every secret wit hin t he heavens and t he eart h. Truly, He is ever Forgiving and Merciful.'') (25:56) Allah t hen says,

び͡モシ ⊥ ぁゲャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ハ∇ギよ͡ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "I am not a new t hing among t he Messengers...") which means, ` I am not t he first Messenger who ever came t o t he world. Rat her, Messengers came before me. Therefore, I am not an unprecedent ed incident t hat should cause you all t o rej ect me and doubt my being sent t o you. Indeed, Allah has sent before me all of t he Prophet s t o various nat ions.' Allah t hen says,

び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡よ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ン͡ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (nor do I know what will be done wit h me or wit h you.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "It (t his Ayah) was followed in revelat ion by,

び∠ゲカ ｚ ほ∠ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ら͡ ル∠ク リ͡ョ ュ∠ ギｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや マ ∠ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ ャあぴ (That Allah may forgive for you your sins of t he past and fut ure). Similarly, ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, and Qat adah all said t hat t his Ayah was abrogat ed by t he Ayah;

び∠ゲカ ｚ ほ∠ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ら͡ ル∠ク リ͡ョ ュ∠ ギｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや マ ∠ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ ャあぴ (That Allah may forgive for you your sins of t he past and fut ure). They said t hat when t he lat t er Ayah was revealed, one of t he Muslims said t o Allah's Messenger , "Allah has declared what He will do for you. But what will He do for us'' Then Allah revealed;

リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ ャあぴ び⊥ゲ⇒∠ヰ∇ルｘΙや ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ

(That He may admit t he believing men and t he believing women t o Gardens under which rivers flow). This is what t hey said. That which has been confirmed in t he Sahih is t hat t he believers said, "May you enj oy t hat , O Allah's Messenger! But what do we get '' So Allah revealed t his Ayah. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Kharij ah bin Zayd bin Thabit , report ed t hat Umm Al-` Ala' -- a woman from t he Ansar who had given her pledge of loyalt y t o Allah's Messenger -- said, "When t he Ansar drew lot s regarding t aking in t he Muhaj irun t o dwell wit h t hem, our lot was t o have ` Ut hman bin Maz` un. Lat er, ` Ut hman fell sick in our house, so we nursed him unt il he died, and we wrapped him in his garment s (for burial). Allah's Messenger t hen came in, and I said, ` O Abu As-Sa'ib! May Allah have mercy on you. I bear wit ness t hat Allah has indeed honored you.' Allah's Messenger asked,

«ヮ∠ョゲ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ぺ∠ マ ͡ Α͡ケ∇ギΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ » (How do you know t hat Allah has honored him) I said, ` I do not know -- may my fat her and mot her bot h be ransoms for you!' Allah's Messenger t hen said,

ヲ⊥ィ∇ケほ∠ャ∠ ヶあルま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮよあ ケ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ⊥ Β͡ボΒ∠ ∇ャや ロ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅｚョぺ∠» モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ぶ ͡ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ヵ͡ケ∇キぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ .ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ «ヶ͡よ (As for him, cert aint y (deat h) has reached him from his Lord, and I surely wish well for him. But by Allah, even t hough I am Allah's Messenger, I do not know what will happen t o me (aft er deat h).) I t hen said, ` Never will I claim a person t o be pious aft er t his.' This incident caused me some dist ress, and I went t o sleep t hereaft er. I saw in my dream t hat ` Ut hman owned a running wat er spring. I went t o Allah's Messenger and t old him about t hat . Allah's Messenger said,

«ヮ⊥ヤヨ∠ ハ ∠ ポ ͡ や∠ク» (That was his (good) deeds.)'' Al-Bukhari recorded t his Hadit h but Muslim did not . In one of t he narrat ions, Allah's Messenger said,

«ヮ͡よ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ぶ ͡ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ヵ͡ケ∇キ∠ぺ ゅ∠ョ» (Even t hough I am Allah's Messenger, I do not know what will happen t o him.) This and similar t ext s indicat e t hat it is not allowed t o declare t hat a specific person will ent er Jannah except for t hose who were dist inct ly indicat ed by Allah or his Messenger . Examples of t hose are t he Ten, Ibn Sallam, Al-Ghumaysa', Bilal, Suraqah, ` Abdullah bin ` Amr bin Haram (Jabir's fat her), t he Sevent y Recit ors (of Qur'an) who were assassinat ed near t he Well of Ma` unah, Zayd bin Harit hah, Ja` far, Ibn Rawahah, and ot her similar individuals, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem. Allah t hen says,

びｚヴャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ノ⊥ ら͡ ゎｚ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ぴ

(I only follow t hat which is revealed t o me, ) which means, ` I only follow what Allah has revealed t o me of t he revelat ion.'

び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and I am but a plain warner.) meaning, ` my warnings are obvious t o every person wit h sound int ellect and reason.' And Allah knows best .

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ リ ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ リあョ ∀ギ͡ワゅ∠セ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ゅｚョ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∀マ∇プ͡ま へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠ルヲ⊥ボら∠ シ ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ョま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ - ∀ユΑ͡ギ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥Βャあ ゅ⇔Β∂ よ͡ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ジャあ ∀ベギあ ダ ∠ ョぁ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠ボわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ (10. Say: "Tell me! If it was from Allah and you disbelieved it , (at t he same t ime), a wit ness from among t he Children of Israel has t est ified t o somet hing similar and believed while you rej ect ed (t he t rut h)!'' Verily, Allah does not guide t he wrongdoing people.) (11. And t hose who disbelieve say of t hose who believe: "Had it been a good t hing, t hey (t he poor believers) would not have preceded us t o it !'' And when t hey have not been guided by it , t hey say: "This is ancient falsehood!'') (12. And before t his was t he Script ure of Musa as a guide and a mercy. And t his is a Book confirming in t he Arabic t ongue, t o warn t hose who do wrong, and as glad t idings for t he doers of good.) (13. Verily, t hose who say: "Our Lord is (only) Allah,'' and t hereaft er st and firm, on t hem shall be no fear, nor shall t hey grieve.) (14. Such shall be t he dwellers of Paradise, abiding t herein (forever) -- a reward for what t hey used t o do.)

The Qur'an is Allah's True Speech and the Position of the Disbelievers and the Muslims towards it Allah says,

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say) meaning, ` O Muhammad t o t hese idolat ors who disbelieve in t he Qur'an.'

び∠ラゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Tell me! If it was) meaning, t his Qur'an.

び͡ヮよ͡ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ぴ (from Allah, and you disbelieved in it ) meaning, ` what do you t hink t hat Allah will do t o you if t his Book t hat I have come t o you wit h is act ually revealed t o me from Him in order t hat I convey it t o you, and yet you disbelieve in it and deny it

び͡ヮヤ͡∇んョ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ リあョ ∀ギ͡ワゅ∠セ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ((at t he same t ime), a wit ness from among t he Children of Israel has t est ified t o somet hing similar) meaning, ` t he previous Script ures t hat were revealed t o t he Prophet s before me all t est ify t o it s t rut hfulness and aut hent icit y. They have prophecied, well in advance, about t hings similar t o t hat which t his Qur'an informs of.' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∠リョ∠ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ぴ (and believed) ` t his person who t est ified t o it s t rut hfulness from t he Children of Israel, due t o his realizat ion t hat it was t he t rut h.'

び∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ (while you rej ect ed (t he t rut h)!) ` whereas you have arrogant ly refused t o follow it .' Masruq said: "That wit ness believed in his Prophet and Book, while you disbelieved in your Prophet and Book.''

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah does not guide t he wrongdoing people.) The wit ness here refers t o any wit ness in general. It includes ` Abdullah bin Salam and ot her from t hem as well. For indeed, t his Ayah was revealed in Makkah before ` Abdullah bin Salam had accept ed Islam. This is similar t o t he st at ement of Allah,

リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚルま べ∠レよあ ケｚ (And when it is recit ed t o t hem, t hey say: "We believe in it . Verily, it is t he t rut h from our Lord. Indeed, even before it we have been Muslims. '') (28:53) It is also similar t o Allah's saying,

ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ - や⇔ギイ ｚシ ⊥ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ホ∇クΚ ｘ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲガ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ や∠クま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥バ∇ヘヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べ∠レよあ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ び (Verily! Those who were given knowledge before it -- when it is recit ed t o t hem, t hey fall upon t heir faces in prost rat ion, and t hey say: "Exalt ed is our Lord! Truly, t he promise of our Lord has been fulfilled.'') (17:107-108) It has been narrat ed from Sa` d, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat he said, "I have not heard Allah's Messenger say about anyone walking on t he surface of t he eart h t hat he is of t he people of Jannah -- except for ` Abdullah bin Salam. Concerning him t he following Ayah was revealed,

び͡ヮヤ͡∇んョ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ リあョ ∀ギ͡ワゅ∠セ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ((at t he same t ime), a wit ness from among t he Children of Israel has t est ified t o somet hing similar)'' This has been recorded in t he Two Sahihs and An-Nasa'i. Similarly, Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah, ` Ikrimah, Yusuf bin ` Abdullah bin Salam, Hilal bin Yasaf, As-Suddi, At h-Thawri, Malik bin Anas and Ibn Zayd all said t hat t his refers t o ` Abdullah bin Salam. Allah t hen says,

ゅｚョ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Αグ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠ルヲ⊥ボら∠ シ ∠ (And t hose who disbelieve say of t hose who believe: "Had it been good, t hey (t he weak and poor) would not have preceded us t o it !'') which means t hat t hose who disbelieve say of t hose who believe in t he Qur'an: "Had it (t he Qur'an) been any good, t hey (t he weak and poor) would not have preceded us t o it !'' By t hat , t hey meant Bilal, ` Ammar, Suhayb, Khabbab, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem, and ot hers like t hem of t he weak, t he male servant s, and female servant s. The pagans said t his only because t hey t hought t hat t hey held a high st at us wit h Allah, and t hat He t ook special care of t hem. By t hat , t hey made a great and obvious error, as Allah says:

リ ｚ ョ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワぺ∠ ∇やヲャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャあ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅｚレわ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ びべ∠レレ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リあョ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (Thus have We t ried some of t hem wit h ot hers, t hat t hey might say: "Is it t hese whom Allah has favored from among us'') (6:53) meaning, t hey wonder how could t hose weaklings be t he ones who were guided from among t hem. Thus, Allah says,

び͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠ルヲ⊥ボら∠ シ ∠ ゅｚョ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ (Had it been good, t hey (t he weak and poor) would not have preceded us t o it !) Cont rary t o t his is t he posit ion of Ahl us-Sunnah wal-Jama` ah: They say about any act or saying t hat has not been report ed from t he Companions: "It is an innovat ion. If t here was any good in it , t hey would have preceded us in doing it , because t hey have not left off any of t he good charact erist ics except t hat t hey hurried t o perform t hem.'' Allah cont inues,

び͡ヮよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t hey have not been guided by it ,) meaning, t he Qur'an.

び∀ユΑ͡ギホ∠ ∀マ∇プ͡ま へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t hey say: "This is an ancient falsehood!'') meaning, an old lie. They mean by t his t hat t he Qur'an has been quot ed and t aken from t he ancient people, t hereby belit t ling t he Qur'an and it s followers. This is clear arrogance, as Allah's Messenger said:

«サゅｚレャや テ ⊥ ∇ヨビ ∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ト ∠ よ∠ » ((Arrogance is) rej ect ing t he t rut h and belit t ling t he people.) Allah t hen says,

びヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (And before t his was t he Script ure of Musa) and it was t he Tawrah.

び∀ょ⇒∠わミ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ョま͡ぴ (as a guide and mercy. And t his is a Book) meaning, t he Qur'an.

び⊥ベギあ ダ ∠ ョぁ ぴ (confirming) meaning, t hat which came before it of t he previous Books.

び⇔ゅΒ∂ よ͡ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ジャあぴ (in t he Arabic t ongue,) means t hat it is eloquent and clear.

び∠リΒ͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ケ∠ グ͡ レ⊥Βャあぴ (t o warn t hose who do wrong, and as glad t idings for t he doers of good.) meaning, it cont ains a warning t o t he dis- believers and glad t idings for t he belie- vers. Allah t hen says:

び∇やヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠ボわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who say: "Our Lord is (only) Allah,'' and t hereaft er st and firm,) The explanat ion of t his has been dis- cussed earlier in Surat As-Saj dah. ぴSee 41:30び Allah t hen says,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (on t hem shall be no fear,) meaning, con- cening t heir fut ure.

び∠ラヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor shall t hey grieve.) meaning, over what t hey have left behind. Allah cont inues,

ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ (Such shall be t he dwellers of Paradise, abiding t herein (forever) -- a reward for what t hey used t o do.) meaning, t he deeds are a cause for t heir at t aining t he mercy and t heir being engulfed by it -- and Allah knows best .

ヮ⊥ ぁョぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇わヤ∠ヨ∠ ェ ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ジ∇ェま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ よ͡ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゅ∠レ∇Βタ ｚ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をΚ ∠ を∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ダプ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ヨェ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ワ∇ゲミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇わバ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ワ∇ゲミ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ る⇔ レ∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ｚギセ ⊥ ぺ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ヰセ ∠ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや マ ∠ わ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ゲ∠ ム⊥ セ∠ぺ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ハコ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠

∇ウヤ͡∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ッ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ヱ∠ ン ｚ ギ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴあルま͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇らゎ⊥ ヴｚルま͡ ヴ͡わΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ ヴ͡プ ヴ͡ャ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ モ ⊥ らｚ ボ∠ わ∠ ル∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃ∇Βシ ∠ リ∠ハ コ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠イわ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ン͡グャｚや ベ ͡ ∇ギダ あ ャや (15. And We have enj oined on man t o be dut if ul and kind t o his parent s. His mot her bears him wit h hardship. And she delivers him wit h hardship. And (t he period of) his gest at ion and t he weaning of him is t hirt y mont hs, t ill when he at t ains full st rengt h and reaches fort y years, he says: "My Lord! Grant me t he power and abilit y t hat I may be grat eful for Your favor which You have best owed upon me and upon my parent s, and t hat I may do right eous good deeds, such as please You, and make my offspring good. Truly, I have t urned t o You in repent ance, and t ruly, I am one of t he Muslims.'') (16. They are t hose from whom We shall accept t he best of t heir deeds and overlook t heir evil deeds. (They shall be) among t he dwellers of Paradise. That is a promise of t rut h t hat t hey had been promised.)

Allah's Advice about the Parents Aft er ment ioning t hat one must confess His Oneness, worship Him wit h sincerit y, and remain upright in obeying Him, Allah follows t hat by giving inst ruct ions regarding t he parent s. These appear t oget her in many places of t he Qur'an, such as Allah's saying,

リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒ｚΑま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び⇔ゅレ⇒∠ジ∇ェま͡ (Your Lord has decreed t hat you worship none but Him, and t hat you be dut iful t o your parent s.) (17:23) Allah says,

び⊥ゲΒ͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ マ ∠ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゲム⊥ ∇セや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ぴ (Be grat eful t o Me and t o your parent s. Unt o Me is t he final dest inat ion.) (31:14) There are many ot her Ayat like t his as well. Here Allah says,

び⇔ゅレ⇒∠ジ∇ェま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ よ͡ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゅ∠レ∇Βタ ｚ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have enj oined on man t o be dut iful and kind t o his parent s.) (46:15) meaning, ` We have commanded him t o t reat t hem well and show compassion t owards t hem. Abu Dawud At -

Tayalisi recorded from Sa` d bin Abi Waqqas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat his mot her said t o him: "Hasn't Allah commanded t hat you obey your parent s Then I will not eat any food or drink any drink unt il you disbelieve in Allah.'' Thus she st ubbornly abst ained from eat ing and drinking, unt il t hey had t o open her mout h wit h a st ick. Then t his Ayah was revealed,

び⇔ゅレ⇒∠ジ∇ェま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ よ͡ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゅ∠レ∇Βタ ｚ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have enj oined on man t o be dut iful and kind t o his parent s. ) This was also recorded by Muslim and t he Sunan compilers, except for Ibn Maj ah. Allah cont inues,

び⇔ゅワ∇ゲミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ぁョぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇わヤ∠ヨ∠ ェ ∠ぴ (His mot her bears him wit h hardship.) which means t hat t he mot her suffers hardship because of her child, such as fat igue, sickness, vomit ing, heaviness, dist ress, and ot her forms of hardship t hat t he pregnant women suffer.

び⇔ゅワ∇ゲミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇わバ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And she delivers him wit h hardship.) meaning, she also delivers him wit h hardship, suffering t he pains of labor and t heir severit y.

び⇔やゲ∇ヰセ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をΚ ∠ を∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ダプ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ヨェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And (t he period of) his gest at ion and weaning is t hirt y mont hs,) ` Ali, may Allah be pleased wit h him, used t his Ayah along wit h t he following t wo Ayat t o prove t hat t he minimum period of pregnancy (gest at ion) is six mont hs:

び͡リ∇Βョ∠ ゅ∠ハ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ダプ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And his weaning is in t wo years.) (31:14) and

∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ョ͡ ゅ∠ミ リ ͡ ∇Βャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇バッ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ れ ⊥ ギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ び∠るハ ∠ ゅ∠ッゲｚ ャや ｚユわ͡ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ (The mot hers suckle t heir children t wo complet e years -- for t hose who desire t o complet e t he t erm of suckling. ) (2:233) This is a st rong and valid conclusion, and it was approved by ` Ut hman and a number of t he Companions. Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar narrat ed from Ba` j ah bin ` Abdullah Al-Juhani t hat a man from his t ribe (Juhaynah) married a woman from Juhaynah. She delivered a baby aft er six mont hs. So her husband went t o ` Ut hman, may Allah be pleased wit h him, and t old him about t hat . Thus, ` Ut hman summoned her. When she was get t ing dressed, her sist er st art ed crying. She asked her: "Why do you cry By Allah, no one has ever approached me (for sexual relat ions) of Allah's creat ion except him (my husband). So let Allah decree (for me) as He wills.'' When she was brought before ` Ut hman, he commanded t hat

she be st oned t o deat h (for adult ery). ` Ali heard of t his, came t o ` Ut hman, and said: "What are you doing'' He (` Ut hman) said: "She delivered aft er six mont hs! Can t his ever happen'' ` Ali, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "Don't you read t he Qur'an'' He said: "Yes, of course!'' He (` Ali) t hen said: ` Haven't you heard Allah's saying,

び⇔やゲ∇ヰセ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をΚ ∠ を∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ダプ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ヨェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and his gest at ion and weaning is t hirt y mont hs), and;

び͡リ∇Βヤ∠ョ͡ ゅ∠ミ リ ͡ ∇Βャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ぴ ( t wo complet e years) (2:233) (Subt ract ing t he t wo numbers) we are only left wit h six mont hs.'' ` Ut hman, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said: "By Allah, I did not see t hat ! Bring t he woman back.'' But t hey found t hat she had already been killed. Ba` j ah cont inued: "By Allah, no t wo crows and no t wo eggs are more similar t han t hat child t urned out t o be t o his fat her! When his fat her saw t hat he said, ` By Allah! This is my son wit hout any doubt .' Lat er on, Allah afflict ed him wit h a skin abscess in his face (because of his false accusat ion t o his wife). It kept eat ing him up unt il he died.'' Ibn Abi Hat im relat ed from his fat her t hat Farwah bin Abi Al-Maghra' t old t hem t hat ` Ali bin Mushir narrat ed t o t hem from Dawud bin Abi Hind, who narrat ed from ` Ikrimah t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "When a woman delivers aft er nine mont hs, t he baby will only need t went y-one mont hs of suckling. When she delivers aft er seven mont hs, t he baby will need t went y-t hree mont hs of suckling. When she delivers aft er six mont hs, t he baby will need t wo full years of suckling, because Allah says,

ヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ヰセ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をΚ ∠ を∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ダプ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ヨェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ロギｚ セ ⊥ ぺ∠ (and his gest at ion and weaning is t hirt y mont hs, t ill when he at t ains full st rengt h).'' meaning, he becomes st rong, yout hful, and at t ains full abilit y.

びる⇔ レ∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and reaches fort y years,) meaning, his complet e int ellect , underst anding, and pat ience reach t he level of mat urit y. It has also been said t hat usually one will not change his ways once he reaches t he age of fort y.

びヴ͡レ∇ハコ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (he says: "My Lord! Grant me t he power and abilit y) meaning, ` inspire me.'

ン ｚ ギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヱ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや マ ∠ わ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ゲ∠ ム⊥ ∇セぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ぴ び⊥ヮ⇒∠ッ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ヱ∠ (t hat I may be grat eful for Your favor which You have best owed upon me and upon my parent s, and t hat I may do right eous good deeds, such as please You,) meaning, in t he fut ure.

びヴ͡わΑｚ ケあ ク⊥ ヴ͡プ ヴ͡ャ ∇ウヤ͡∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and make my offspring good.) meaning, my offspring and descendant s.

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴあルま͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇らゎ⊥ ヴｚル͡まぴ (Truly, I have t urned t o You in repent ance, and t ruly, I am one of t he Muslims.) This cont ains an inst ruct ion for anyone who reaches fort y years of age t o renew his repent ance and t urn t o Allah wit h st rong resolut ion. Allah t hen says,

∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ モ ⊥ らｚ ボ∠ わ∠ ル∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ び͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃ∇Βシ ∠ リ∠ハ コ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠イわ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ (Those are t he ones from whom We shall accept t he best of what t hey did and overlook t heir evil deeds. (They shall be) among t he dwellers of Paradise.) meaning, t hose t o whom applies t he above descript ion -- t hose who repent t o Allah, t urn back t o Him, and rect ify t heir short comings t hrough repent ance and seeking forgiveness - t hose are t he ones from whom We will accept t he best of what t hey did and overlook t heir evil deeds. Many of t heir errors will be forgiven and Allah will accept from t hem a modest amount of deeds.

び͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ヴ͡プぴ (among t he dwellers of Paradise.) which means t hat t hey will be among t he dwellers of Paradise. That is Allah's ruling concerning t hem, as He has promised for t hose who repent and t urn t o Him. Thus, He says,

び∠ラヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ン͡グャｚや ベ ͡ ∇ギダ あ ャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ぴ (That is t he promise of t rut h t hat t hey had been promised.)

ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ͡レル͡ や∠ギバ͡ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨム⊥ ャｚ ｙフぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ゅ∠んΒ͡ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ョ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ペ ｘェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇リョ͡ や∠￢ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇Αヱ∠ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ｚェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ - ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ザ ͡ ル͡Ηや∠ヱ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ユ∃ ョ∠ ぺ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ろ⇒∠ィ∠ケ∠キ モ ｙ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠カ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ プあ ヲ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠らΒあ デ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らワ∠ ∇クぺ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや チ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バわ∠ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠Βェ ∠ ヴ͡プ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱゲ⊥ ら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ヰ∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ⊥ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ (17. But he who says t o his parent s: "Uff t o you! Do you promise me t hat I will be raised up when generat ions before me have passed'' While t hey invoke Allah for help: "Woe t o you! Believe! Verily, t he promise of Allah is t rue.'' But he says: "This is not hing but t he legends of t he ancient .'') (18. They are t hose against whom t he Word (of t orment ) has j ust ified among t he previous generat ions of Jinn and mankind t hat have passed away. Verily, t hey are ever t he losers.) (19. And for all, t here will be degrees according t o t hat which t hey did, so t hat He might fully recompense for t heir deeds. And t hey will not be wronged.) (20. On t he Day when t hose who disbelieve will be exposed t o t he Fire (it will be said): "You received your good t hings in t he life of t he world, and you t ook your pleasure t herein. Today, you will be recompensed wit h t he t orment of ext reme humiliat ion, because you were arrogant upon t he eart h wit hout a right , and because you used t o rebel against Allah's command.)

Mention of the Undutiful Children and Their End In t he previous Ayat , Allah ment ions t he dut iful offspring who supplicat e for t heir parent s and t reat t hem wit h kindness. He describes t he success and salvat ion He has prepared for t hem. Here He connect s t o t hat discussion t he sit uat ion of t he wret ched offspring who are undut iful t oward t heir parent s. Allah says,

びべ∠ヨム⊥ ャｚ ｙフぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (But he who says t o his parent s: "Uff t o you! ...'') As for t he saying "Uff'' in t his Ayah, it is a general descript ion applying t o anyone who says it t o his parent s. Some people claim t hat it was revealed about ` Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Bakr. But t his claim is weak and rej ect ed, because ` Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Bakr embraced Islam aft er t his was revealed. His adherence t o Islam was excellent , and he was among t he best of his cont emporaries. Al-Bukhari recorded from Yusuf bin Mahak t hat Marwan (bin Al-Hakam) was governor of Hij az (West ern Arabia), appoint ed by Mu` awiyah bin Abi Sufyan. He (Marwan) delivered a speech in which he ment ioned Yazid bin Mu` awiyah and urged t he people t o give a pledge of allegiance aft er his fat her. ` Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Bakr said somet hing t o him in response t o t hat , upon which Marwan commanded his men: "Arrest him!'' But he ent ered ` Aishah's house, and t hey were not able t o capt ure him. Marwan t hen said: "This is t he one about whom Allah revealed:

ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ͡レル͡ や∠ギバ͡ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨム⊥ ャｚ ｙフぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ びヴ͡ヤ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ (But he who says t o his parent s: "Uff t o you! Do you promise me t hat I will be raised -- when generat ions before me have passed'')'' From behind t he curt ain, ` Aishah responded: "Allah did not reveal any Qur'an in our regard (i.e. t he children of Abu Bakr), except for t he declarat ion of my innocence.'' In anot her report recorded by An-Nasa'i, Muhammad bin Ziyad report ed t hat when Mu` awiyah was solicit ing people t o pledge allegiance t o his son, and Marwan declared: "This follows t he t radit ion of Abu Bakr and ` Umar.'' On hearing t his, ` Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Bakr said: "Rat her, t his is t he t radit ion of Heraclius and Caesar.'' Marwan responded: "This is t he one about whom Allah revealed,

びべ∠ヨム⊥ ャｚ ｙフぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (But he who says t o his parent s: "Uff t o you!'')'' When t hat was conveyed t o ` A'ishah, she said: "Marwan is lying! By Allah, t hat was not revealed about him. If I wish t o name t he person meant by it , I could. On t he ot her hand, Allah's Messenger placed a curse on Marwan's fat her (AlHakam bin Abi Al-` As when Marwan was st ill in his loins, so Marwan (bin Al-Hakam) is an out come of Allah's curse.'' As for Allah's st at ement :

び∠ァゲ∠ ∇カぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ͡レル͡ や∠ギバ͡ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Do you promise me t hat I will be raised) meaning, resurrect ed.

びヴ͡ヤ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (when generat ions before me have passed) meaning, generat ions of people have already passed away, and none of t hem has ever ret urned t o t ell (what happened t o t hem)

び∠ヮヤｚャや ラ ͡ ゅ∠んΒ͡ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (While t hey invoke Allah for help) meaning, t hey ask Allah t o guide him, and t hey say t o t heir son,

Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠ョ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ペ ｘェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇リョ͡ や∠￢ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇Αヱ∠ ぴ び∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘ や ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ ("Woe t o you! Believe! Verily, t he promise of Allah is t rue.'' But he says: "This is not hing but t he legends of t he ancient .'') Allah t hen says,

∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ユ∃ ョ∠ ぺ⊥ ヴ͡プ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ｚェ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ リ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠カ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ザ ͡ ル͡Ηや∠ヱ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ び (They are t hose against whom t he Word (of t orment ) has j ust ified among t he previous generat ions of Jinn and mankind t hat have passed away.Verily, t hey are ever t he losers.) This indicat es t hat all such people will be among t heir likes and t heir peers among t he disbelievers, who will lose t hemselves and t heir families on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Allah's saying,

び∠マゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (Those are) aft er He said,

び∠メゅ∠ホ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (But he who says ) confirms what we have ment ioned above t hat t he lat t er is a general descript ion of a t ype of people including all t hose who fall under t hat descript ion. Al-Hasan and Qat adah bot h said, "This applies t o t he disbelieving, sinful person who is undut iful t o his parent s and who denies resurrect ion.'' Allah t hen says,

び∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ろ⇒∠ィ∠ケ∠キ モ ｙ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And for all, t here will be degrees according t o t hat which t hey did,) meaning t hat t here will be degrees of punishment for each of t hem according t o what t hey did.

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ プあ ヲ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(so t hat He might fully recompense t hem for t heir deeds, and t hey will not be wronged.) which means Allah will not be unj ust t o t hem even in t he amount of a speck of dust or less. ` AbdurRahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said: "The levels of t he Fire descend, and t hose of Paradise ascend.'' Allah t hen says,

∇ユわ⊥ ∇らワ∠ ∇クぺ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや チ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バわ∠ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠Βェ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠らΒあ デ ∠ (On t he Day when t hose who disbelieve will be exposed t o t he Fire (it will be said): "You received your good t hings in t he life of t he world, and you t ook your pleasure t herein...'') which means t hat t his will be said t o t hem by way of blame and reprimand. The Commander of t he fait hful, ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab, may Allah be pleased wit h him, gave up many of t he j oys of food and drink and refrained from t hem while saying, "I am afraid of being like t hose whom Allah has reproached and condemned by saying,

びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バわ∠ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠Βェ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠らΒあ デ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らワ∠ ∇クぺ∠ぴ (You received your good t hings in t he life of t he world, and you t ook your pleasure t herein).'' Abu Mij laz said: "Some people will lose good deeds t hat t hey had in t he worldly life, and t hey will be t old,

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠Βェ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠らΒあ デ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らワ∠ ∇クぺ∠ぴ (You received your good t hings in t he life of t he world).'' Then Allah says,

∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ヰ∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プぴ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ び∠ラヲ⊥ボジ ⊥ ∇ヘゎ∠ (Today, you will be recompensed wit h t he t orment of ext reme humiliat ion, because you were arrogant upon t he eart h wit hout a right , and because you used t o rebel against Allah's command.) which indicat es t hat t heir punishment will be of a t ype comparable t o t heir deeds. They enj oyed t hemselves, were arrogant in t heir denial of t he t rut h, and were involved in sinning and disobedience. Thus, Allah punishes t hem wit h ext reme humiliat ion, disgrace, severe pains, cont inued sorrow, and posit ions in t he t errible dept hs of Hell -- may Allah prot ect us from all of t hat .

∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ フ ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ェΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ケ∠ グ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇クま͡ キ∃ ゅ∠ハ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ ケ⊥ グ⊥ ぁレャや ろ ͡ ヤ∠カ ∠

- ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ͡ま べ∠ルギ⊥ バ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ∠レ͡ゎ∇ほ∠プ ゅレ∠ わ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ∇リハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ム͡プ∇ほ∠わ͡ャ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ゃィ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ユ⊥ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ケぺ∠ ヴあレム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ べｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ピ⊥ あヤよ∠ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ Α∠ キ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ モ ∠ ら͡ ∇ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ゅ⇔ッ͡ケゅ∠ハ ロ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヰ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ユ⊥わ∇ヤイ ∠ ∇バわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ョ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ト ͡ ∇ヨョぁ ∀チケ͡ ゅ∠ハ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ゲ⊥ あョギ∠ ゎ⊥ - ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∀ウΑ͡ケ ヮ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ム͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ン∠ゲΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タ∇ほプ∠ ゅ∠ヰよあ ケ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ (21. And remember t he brot her of ` Ad, when he warned his people in Al-Ahqaf. And surely, warners had already passed on before him and aft er him (saying): "Worship none but Allah; t ruly, I fear for you t he t orment of a might y Day.'') (22. They said: "Have you come t o delude us from our gods Then bring us t hat wit h which you t hreat en us, if you are one of t he t rut hful!'') (23. He said: "The knowledge (of t hat ) is only wit h Allah. And I convey t o you t hat wherewit h I have been sent , but I see t hat you are a people given t o ignorance!'') (24. Then, when t hey saw it as a dense cloud approaching t heir valleys, t hey said: "This is a cloud bringing us rain!'' Nay, but it is t hat which you were asking t o be hast ened - a wind wherein is a painful t orment !) (25. Dest roying everyt hing by t he command of it s Lord! So t hey became such t hat not hing could be seen except t heir dwellings! Thus do We recompense t he criminal people!)

The Story of ` Ad Allah says, consoling His Prophet in regard t o t he rej ect ion of t hose who opposed him among his people,

び∃キゅ∠ハ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ (And remember t he brot her of ` Ad,) This refers t o Hud, peace be upon in him. Allah sent him t o t he first people of ` Ad who inhabit ed Al-Ahqaf. Ahqaf is plural of Haqf. According t o Ibn Zayd, it means a sand dune; and according t o ` Ikrimah, it means a mount ain or a cave. Qat adah said: "We were informed t hat ` Ad was a t ribe in Yemen. They dwelt among sand (hills), and overlooked t he sea in a land called Ash-Shihr.'' Under t he chapt er, "He Who

supplicat es should first ment ion Himself,'' Ibn Maj ah recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas narrat ed t hat t he Prophet said:

«キゅ∠ハ ゅ∠カぺ∠ヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ » (May Allah have mercy on us and t he Brot her of ` Ad.) Allah t hen says,

び͡ヮヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ ケ⊥ グ⊥ ぁレャや ろ ͡ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And surely, warners had already passed on before him and aft er him.) meaning, Allah had sent Messengers and warners t o t he t owns surrounding t he land of ` Ad. This is similar t o Allah's saying,

びゅ∠ヰヘ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ムル∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (And We made it a det errent punishment for t hose who were present and t hose who succeeded t hem. ) (2:66) And it is also similar t o Allah's saying,

る͡ ボ∠ バ͡ ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ∇んョあ る⇔ ボ∠ バ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ぁゲャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇クま͡ キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヱ∠ キ∃ ゅ∠ハ び∠ヮヤｚャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ (But if t hey t urn away, t hen say: "I have warned you of a t hunderbolt like t he t hunderbolt t hat st ruck ` Ad and Thamud. (That occurred) when t he Messengers had come t o t hem from before t hem and aft er t hem (saying): "Worship none but Allah.'') (41:13-14) Allah t hen says,

び ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ (t ruly, I fear for you t he t orment of a might y Day.) meaning, Hud said t his t o t hem (his people), and t hey responded t o him saying,

びゅ∠レわ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ∇リハ ∠ ゅ∠レム∠ プ͡ ∇ほわ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レ∠わ∇ゃ͡ィ∠ぺぴ (Have you come t o delude us from our gods) meaning, t o prevent us.

びゅ∠レわ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ∇リハ ∠ぴ (from our gods)

び∠リΒ͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま べ∠ルギ⊥ バ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ∠レ͡ゎ∇ほ∠プぴ (Then bring us t hat wit h which you t hreat en us, if you are one of t he t rut hful!) They sought t o hast en Allah's t orment and punishment , believing t hat it will not happen. This is similar t o Allah's saying,

びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰよ͡ モ ⊥イ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ぴ (Those who do not believe in it (t he Last Hour) seek t o hast en it ) (42:18). Hud's response was,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ユ⊥ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ゅヨ∠ ルｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He said: "The knowledge (of t hat ) is only wit h Allah.'') which means, ` Allah knows best about you. If you deserve t he punishment t o be hast ened, He will do t hat t o you. As for me, my dut y is t o deliver my message t o you.'

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヰ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ケぺ∠ ヴあレム͡ ⇒ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (But I see t hat you are a people given t o ignorance!) which means, ` you have no comprehension or underst anding.' Allah t hen says,

び∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ Α∠ キ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ モ ∠ ら͡ ∇ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ゅ⇔ッ͡ケゅ∠ハ ロ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then, when t hey saw it as a dense cloud approaching t heir valleys,) meaning, when t hey saw t he punishment coming t owards t hem, t hey t hought it t o be clouds full of rain. That made t hem happy and j oyful, because t hey had a drought and needed rain. Allah t hen said,

び∀ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∀ウΑ͡ケ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥わ∇ヤイ ∠ ∇バわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ョ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, but it is t hat which you were asking t o be hast ened -- a wind wherein is a painful t orment !) meaning, t his is t he t orment t hat you called for saying, "Bring t o us what you promise us if you should be of t he t rut hful.''

び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ゲ⊥ あョギ∠ ゎ⊥ ぴ (Dest roying every t hing) meaning, dest roying every part of t heir land t hat could normally be dest royed.

びゅ∠ヰよあ ケ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ぴ (by t he command of it s Lord!) meaning, it had Allah's permission t o do t hat . This is similar t o Allah's saying,

び ユ͡ Β͡ョゲｚ ャゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ∇わヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろゎ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ケ⊥ グ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ d(It spared not hing t hat it reached, but blew it int o broken spreads of rot t en ruins.) (51:42) meaning, like somet hing dilapidat ed (or decrepit ). Because of t his, Allah says,

び∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ム͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ン∠ゲΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タ∇ほプ∠ ぴ (So t hey became such t hat not hing could be seen except t heir dwellings!) means, all of t hem were dest royed, and none of t hem were spared. Allah t hen says:

び∠リΒ͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ヵ͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミぴ (Thus do We recompense t he criminal people!) which means t hat t his is Our j udgement regarding t hose who rej ect Our Messengers and disobey Our commands. Imam Ahmad recorded from ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, t hat she said, "I never saw Allah's Messenger fully laughing so t hat I would see his uvula. He would only smile.'' She added t hat when Allah's Messenger saw clouds or wind, t hat would reflect on his face (as discomfort ). She asked him: "O Allah's Messenger! When t he people see clouds, t hey become happy, hoping t hat t hey bring t hem rain. But I not ice t hat when you see t hem, displeasure appears on your face.'' Allah's Messenger replied,

∇ギホ∠ ∩∀ゆや∠グハ ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヶ͡レレ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ∩⊥るゼ ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ハ ゅ∠Α» :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ン∠ぺケ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ウΑあゲャゅ͡よ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ゆ ∠ グあ ハ ⊥ «ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ト ͡ ∇ヨョ⊥ ∀チ͡ケゅ∠ハ や∠グワ (O ` A'ishah! What would guarant ee t o me t hat t hey do not bring punishment Some nat ions had been punished wit h wind. On seeing t he punishment approaching t hem, a nat ion once said: "This is a cloud bringing us rain.'') This is also recorded by Al-Bukhari and Muslim. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said t hat when Allah's Messenger saw clouds on any of t he horizons, he would leave what ever he was doing -- even if he was in prayer -- and say:

«ヮΒ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ゲあ セ ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや» (O Allah! I seek refuge wit h you from any harm t hat it (t he cloud) cont ains.) If Allah removed t hose clouds, t he Prophet would praise Allah, and if rain fell, he would say:

«ゅ⇔バプ͡ ゅ∠ル ゅ⇔らΒあ タ ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや» (O Allah! Make it pouring and beneficent .) Muslim also recorded in his Sahih from ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, t hat when t he wind blew, Allah's Messenger would say,

ゅ∠ョ ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ マ ∠ ャ⊥ほ∠∇シぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや» ∩ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ゲあ セ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワゲあ セ ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ∇ろヤ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ «ヮ͡よ ∇ろヤ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ゲあ セ ∠ ヱ∠ (O Allah! I ask You of it s good, t he good t hat it cont ains, and t he good wit h which it has been sent . And I seek refuge in You from it s evil, t he evil t hat it cont ains, and t he evil wit h which it has been sent .) She added t hat if t he sky became cloudy, his color would change; he would exit , ent er, come, and go. When it rained, his anxiet y would be relieved. When ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, not iced t hat , she asked him about it and he said:

:キ∃ ゅ∠ハ ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ る⊥ ゼ ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ハ ゅ∠Α ヮ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠» や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ Α∠ キ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ モ ∠ ら͡ ∇ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ゅ⇔ッ͡ケゅ∠ハ ロ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ «びゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ト ͡ ∇ヨョぁ ∀チ͡ケゅ∠ハ (O ` A'ishah! It could be like what t he people of ` Ad said, (Then, when t hey saw it as a dense cloud approaching t heir valleys, t hey said: "This is a cloud bringing us rain!'')) We have previously ment ioned t he st ory of t he dest ruct ion of t he people of ` Ad in bot h Surat Al-A` raf and Surah Hud. Thus, t here is no need t o repeat it here; and verily Allah is wort hy of all praise and grat it ude.

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚレムｚ ョｚ ラ͡ま べ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レムｚ ョ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ∇ヨシ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ べ∠ヨプ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バ∇ヨシ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇クま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅョｚ ユヰ͡よ ベ ∠ ゅ∠ェヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∠エ∇イ∠Α ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ル∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ や ゅ∠レ∇プゲｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠

∇モよ∠ る∠ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠よ∇ゲホ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グ∠ガゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ム⊥ ∇プま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ (26. And indeed We had firmly est ablished t hem wit h t hat wherewit h We have not est ablished you! We also gave t hem hearing, vision, and heart s. But t heir hearing, vision, and heart s availed t hem not hing since t hey used t o deny t he Ayat of Allah, and t hey were complet ely encircled by t hat which t hey used t o ridicule!) (27. And indeed We have dest royed t owns round about you, and We have shown (t hem) t he signs in various ways so t hat t hey might ret urn.) (28. As for t hose whom t hey had t aken for gods besides Allah, as t he means of approach t o Him, why t hen did t hey not aid t hem Nay, but t hey vanished complet ely from t hem. And t hat was t heir falsehood, and what t hey were fabricat ing.) Allah says, ` We have grant ed t he earlier nat ions wealt h and offspring in t he worldly life. That which We grant ed t hem, we did not give you anyt hing similar or close t o it .' Furt hermore,

ヴ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ べ∠ヨ∠プ り⇔ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バ∇ヨシ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ∇ヨシ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゅｚョ ユヰ͡よ ベ ∠ ゅ∠ェヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∠エ∇イ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇クま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ び∠ラヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ (We also gave t hem hearing, vision, and heart s. But t heir hearing, vision, and heart s availed t hem not hing when t hey used t o deny Allah's signs, and t hey were complet ely encircled by t hat which t hey used t o ridicule!) meaning, t hey were encircled by t he t orment and exemplary punishment t hat t hey denied and whose occurrence t hey doubt ed. This means, you list eners must beware of being like t hem lest a punishment similar t o t heirs st rikes you in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Allah t hen says,

びン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠∇ヲェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ム∠ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed We have dest royed t owns round about you, ) This is addressed t o t he people of Makkah. Allah dest royed t he nat ions who disbelieved in t he Messengers who lived around Makkah, such as ` Ad who were at Al-Ahqaf in Hadramawt near Yemen, Thamud whose dwellings were bet ween Makkah and Ash-Sham (Great er Syria), Saba' who were in Yemen, t he people of Madyan who were on t he rout e and passage t o Ghazzah (West ern Palest ine), and t he people of Lut who dwelt by t he lake (t he Dead Sea) which t hey used t o pass by (on t he way t o Jordan) as well. Allah t hen says,

び͡ろ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ や ゅ∠レ∇プゲｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We have shown (t hem) t he signs in various ways) meaning, ` We explained and clarified t hem.'

リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グ∠ガゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ル∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠ヘ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ び∠るヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠よ∇ゲホ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ (so t hat perhaps t hey might ret urn. As for t hose whom t hey had t aken for gods besides Allah, as t he means of approach t o Him, why t hen did t hey not aid t hem) meaning, did t hey help t hem when t hey were in t he great est need for t hem

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (but t hey vanished complet ely from t hem.) Rat her, t hey complet ely left t hem alone when t hey needed t hem t he most .

び∇ユヰ⊥ ム⊥ ∇プま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat was t heir falsehood, ) meaning, t heir lie.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and what t hey were fabricat ing.) which means t hat t hey fabricat ed lies by t aking t hem as gods, and t hey lost and failed in t heir worship of t hem and t heir reliance upon t hem -- and Allah knows best .

∠ラヲ⊥バ͡ヨ∠わ∇ジ∠Α リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ゲ∠ヘル∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇プゲ∠ タ ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥わダ ͡ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲツ ∠ ェ ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠レョ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Α͡ケグ͡ レぁョ ユ͡ヰョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヲャｚヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ べ∠レョ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ Α - ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ペ ∃ Α͡ゲデ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ ∠ハ ͡ や∠キ ∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡ィぺ∠ ∇ょイ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲイ ͡ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルク⊥

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゴ∃ イ ͡ ∇バヨ⊥ よ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ ∠ハ ͡ や∠キ びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ￢⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ (29. And (remember) when We sent t oward you a group of t he Jinn, t o list en t o t he Qur'an. When t hey at t ended it , t hey said: "List en quiet ly!'' And when it was concluded, t hey ret urned t o t heir people, as warners.) (30. They said: "O our people! Verily, we have heard a Book sent down aft er Musa, confirming what came before it , it guides t o t he t rut h and t o t he st raight pat h.'') (31. "O our people! Respond t o Allah's Caller, and believe in him. He (Allah) will forgive you some of your sins, and prot ect you from a painful t orment .'') (32. "And whosoever does not respond t o Allah's Caller, he cannot escape on eart h, and he will not have besides Allah any prot ect ors. Those are in manifest error.'')

The Story of the Jinns listening to the Qur'an Imam Ahmad recorded from Az-Zubayr t hat he comment ed on t he Ayah;

∠ラヲ⊥バ͡ヨ∠わ∇ジ∠Α リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ゲ∠ヘル∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇プゲ∠ タ ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラや∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや (And (remember) when We sent t owards you a group of t he Jinn, t o list en t o t he Qur'an.) "They were at a place called Nakhlah while Allah's Messenger was performing t he ` Isha' prayer, and

び⇔やギ∠らャ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ミぴ (t hey crowded on t op of each ot her t o hear him.) (72:19)'' Sufyan said, "They st ood on t op of each ot her like piled wool.'' Ahmad was alone in recording t his. Imam Ahmad and t he famous Imam, Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bayhaqi in his book Dala'il An-Nubuwwah, bot h recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "Allah's Messenger never recit ed Qur'an t o t he Jinns, nor did he see t hem. Allah's Messenger was heading wit h a group of his Companions t owards t he ` Ukaz market . At t hat t ime, t he devils had been prevent ed from eavesdropping on t he news of t he heavens, and t hey were being at t acked by burning flames (whenever t hey t ried t o list en). When t he devils went back t o t heir people, t hey asked t hem what happened t o t hem, and t hey answered, ` We have been prevent ed from eavesdropping on t he news of t he heavens, and burning flames now at t ack us.' Their people t old t hem, ` You have only been prevent ed from eavesdropping on t he informat ion of t he heavens because of somet hing (maj or) t hat has happened. So go all over t he eart h, east and west , and see what is it t hat has obst ruct ed you from eavesdropping on t he news of t he heavens.' Thus t hey t raveled all over t he eart h, east and west , seeking t hat which had obst ruct ed t hem from eavesdropping on t he news of t he heavens. A group of t hem went t owards Tihamah, and found Allah's Messenger while he was at a place called Nakhlah along t he way t o t he ` Ukaz market . He was leading his Companions in t he Faj r prayer. When t he Jinns heard t he recit at ion of t he Qur'an, t hey st opped t o list en t o it , and t hen t hey said: ` By Allah! This is what has prevent ed you from eavesdropping on t he news of t he heavens.' Then t hey ret urned t o t heir people and t old t hem: ` Our people! We cert ainly have heard an amazing recit at ion (t he Qur'an), it guides t o t he right

pat h. So we have believed in it , and we will j oin none in worship wit h our Lord.' So Allah revealed t o His Prophet ,

びあリイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゲ∀ ヘ∠ ル∠ ノ∠ ヨ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: It has been revealed t o me t hat a group of Jinns have list ened (t o t he Qur'an).) (72:19) Thus, what was revealed t o him was only t he saying of t he Jinns.'' Al-Bukhari recorded a similar narrat ion, and Muslim recorded it (as it is here). At -Tirmidhi also recorded it , as did An-Nasa'i in his Tafsir. ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud report ed t hat t he Jinns came down upon t he Prophet while he was recit ing t he Qur'an at a place called Nakhlah. When t hey heard him,

び∇やヲ⊥わダ ͡ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "List en quiet ly.'') meaning, hush! They were nine in number, and one of t hem was called Zawba` ah. So Allah revealed,

∠ラヲ⊥バ͡ヨ∠わ∇ジ∠Α リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ゲ∠ヘル∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇プゲ∠ タ ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥わダ ͡ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲツ ∠ ェ ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや びリ ∠ Α͡ケグ͡ レぁョ ユ͡ヰョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヲャｚヱ∠ (And when We sent t oward you a group of Jinns, t o list en t o t he Qur'an. When t hey at t ended it , t hey said: "List en quiet ly!'' And when it was concluded, t hey ret urned t o t heir people as warners.) unt il His saying:

び∃リΒ͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ぴ ( manifest error.) Thus, t his report along wit h t he above one by Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, indicat e t hat Allah's Messenger was not aware of t he presence of t he Jinns at t hat t ime. They only list ened t o his recit at ion and went back t o t heir people. Lat er on, t hey came t o him in groups, one part y aft er anot her, and one group aft er anot her. As for Allah's saying,

び∠リΑ͡ケグ͡ レぁョ ユ͡ヰョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヲャｚヱ∠ ぴ (t hey ret urned t o t heir people as warners.) It means t hat t hey went back t o t heir people and warned t hem about what t hey heard from Allah's Messenger . This is similar t o Allah's saying,

∇やヲ⊥バィ ∠ ケ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ケグ͡ レ⊥Βャ͡ヱ∠ リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヰボｚ ∠ヘ∠わ∠Βャあぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ケグ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡

(...t hat t hey may obt ain underst anding in religion and warn t heir people when t hey ret urn t o t hem, so t hat t hey might be caut ious (of evil).) (9:122) This Ayah has been used as evidence t hat t he Jinns have warners from among t hemselves, but no Messengers. There is no doubt t hat Allah did not send Messengers from among t he Jinns, because He says,

∇リョあ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲぁル Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ィケ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ (And We did not send before you as Messengers any but men, t o whom We revealed from among t he people of cit ies.) (12:109) And Allah says,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び͡ベや∠ヲ∇シΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや (And We never sent before you any of t he Messengers but verily t hey at e food and walked in t he market s.) (25:20) And He says about Ibrahim Al-Khalil, upon him be peace,

び∠ょ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∠りヲｚ ら⊥ レぁ ャや ヮ͡ わ͡ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (...And We placed in his descendant s prophet hood and Script ure.)(29:27) Thus, every Prophet whom Allah sent aft er Ibrahim was from his offspring and progeny. As for Allah's saying in Surat Al-An` am,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ∀モシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ルΗ ͡ や∠ヱ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バヨ∠ ⇒∠Αぴ (O company of Jinns and human beings! Did t here not come t o you Messengers from among you) (6:130) It only applies t o t he t wo kinds collect ively, but specifically pert ains t o j ust one of t hem, which is t he human. This is like Allah's saying,

びラ ⊥ ゅ∠ィ∇ゲヨ∠ ャや∠ヱ ぽ⊥ ャ⊥∇ぽヤぁャや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ぴ (From bot h of t hem (salt y and fresh wat ers) emerge pearl and Marj an.) (55:22) Alt hough He said "bot h of t hem'' t his applies t o only one of t he t wo t ypes of wat er (t he salt y wat er). Allah t hen explains how t he Jinns warned t heir people. He says,

ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠レョ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ びヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ

(They said: "O our people! Verily, we have heard a Book sent down aft er Musa...'') They did not ment ion ` Isa, peace be upon him, because t he Inj il t hat was revealed t o him cont ained admonit ions and exhort at ions, but very few permissions or prohibit ions. Thus, it was in realit y like a complement t o t he legislat ion of t he Tawrah, t he Tawrah being t he reference. That is why t hey said, "Sent down aft er Musa.'' This is also t he way t hat Waraqah bin Nawfal spoke when t he Prophet t old him about his first meet ing wit h Jibril, An-Namus, peace be upon him. He said: "Very good, very good! This is (t he angel) t hat used t o come t o Musa. I wish t hat I was st ill a young man (t o support you).''

び͡ヮ∇Α∠ギ∠Α リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョ⊥ ぴ (confirming what came before it ,) meaning, t he Script ures t hat were revealed before it t o t he previous Prophet s. They t hen said,

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ぴ (it guides t o t he t rut h) means in belief and informat ion.

び∃ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ペ ∃ Α͡ゲデ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t o t he st raight pat h.) which means, in deeds. For verily, t he Qur'an cont ains t wo t hings: informat ion and commandment s. It s informat ion is t rue, and it s commandment s are all j ust , as Allah says,

び⇔Ι∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ホ∇ギタ ͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろヨｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he Word of Your Lord has been fulfilled in t rut h and in j ust ice.) (6:115) Allah says,

びあペ∠エ∇ャや リ ͡ Α͡キヱ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ モ ∠シ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (It is He Who has sent His Messenger wit h t he guidance and t he religion of t rut h.) (9:122) The guidance is t he beneficent knowledge, and t he religion of t rut h means t he right eous good deeds. Thus, t he Jinns said,

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ぴ (it guides t o t he t rut h) in mat t ers of belief,

び∃ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ペ ∃ Α͡ゲデ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t o t he st raight pat h.) meaning, in regard t o act ions.

び͡ヮヤｚャや ヴ ∠ハ ͡ や∠キ ∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡ィぺ∠ べ∠レョ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ Αぴ (O our people! Respond t o Allah's Caller,) This is proof t hat Muhammad has been sent t o bot h t he human beings and t he Jinns. Thus, Allah says,

び͡ヮよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ ∠ハ ͡ や∠キ ∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡ィ∠ぺぴ (Respond t o Allah's Caller and believe in him.) Then Allah says,

び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ぴ (He will t hen forgive you some of your sins,) Some scholars say t hat "some'' here is auxiliary, but t his is quest ionable since it is rarely used t o st rengt hen an affirmat ive meaning. Ot hers say t hat it means part ial forgiveness.

び∃ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲイ ͡ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and prot ect you from a painful t orment .) meaning, He will prot ect you from His painful punishment . Then Allah informs t hat t hey said,

ヴ͡プ ゴ∃ イ ͡ ∇バヨ⊥ よ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ ∠ハ ͡ や∠キ ∇ょイ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∠チ∇ケΙ ｘや (And whosoever does not respond t o Allah's Caller, he cannot escape on eart h,) meaning, Allah's power encompasses him and surrounds him.

び⊥￢べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and he will not have besides Allah any prot ect ors.) meaning, no one can prot ect him against Allah.

び∃リΒ͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (Those are in manifest error. ) This is a t hreat and warning. Thus, t hose Jinns called t heir people wit h encouragement and warning. Because of t his, many of t he Jinns t ook heed and came t o Allah's Messenger in successive delegat ions; and verily, Allah is wort hy of all praise and grat it ude, and Allah knows best .

れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ∃ キ͡ ゅ∠ボよ͡ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ボ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ よ͡ ヴ ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ - ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや チ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ュ͡ ∇ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ∠ ら∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ モ͡イ∇バ∠わ∇ジ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ パ ∀Κ ∠ よ∠ ケ∃ ゅヰ∠ ルｚ リあョ る⇔ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ん∠ら∇ヤ∠Α ∇ユャ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ⊥ ヤ∠∇ヰΑ⊥ (33. Do t hey not see t hat Allah, Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, and was not wearied by t heir creat ion, is Able t o give life t o t he dead Yes, He surely is Able t o do all t hings.) (34. And on t he Day when t hose who disbelieve will be exposed t o t he Fire (it will be said t o t hem): "Is t his not t he t rut h'' They will say: "Yes, by our Lord!'' He will say: "Then t ast e t he t orment , because you used t o disbelieve!'') (35. Therefore be pat ient as did t hose of det erminat ion among t he Messengers and be in no hurry for t hem. On t he Day when t hey will see what t hey are promised, it will be as t hough t hey had not remained (in t he world) except an hour in a day. (This is) a clear Message. But will any be dest royed except t he defiant ly rebellious people)

Evidence for Life after Death Allah says, t hose who deny resurrect ion on Judgement Day, and doubt t hat t he bodies will be raised on t hat Last Day -- Do t hey not see,

ヴ ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ぴ びｚリヰ͡ ボ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ よ͡ (t hat Allah, Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, and was not wearied by t heir creat ion,) meaning, t he creat ion of t he heavens and eart h did not exhaust Him.' Rat her, He commanded t hem: "Be,'' and t hey were, wit hout any refusal or delay. They obeyed and responded t o Him wit h submission and fear. Is He not t hen able t o revive t he dead This is similar t o what Allah said elsewhere,

サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ⊥ ∇ヤガ ∠ ャ∠ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ (Verily, t he creat ion of t he heavens and eart h is great er t han t he creat ion of t he people. But most people do not know.) (40:57) Allah responds t o t he above quest ion by saying,

び∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴ∠ヤ∠よぴ (Yes, He surely is Able t o do all t hings.) Then Allah says, as a t hreat and a warning t o whoever disbelieves in Him,

ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや チ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びあペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ や∠グ⇒∠ワ (And on t he Day when t hose who disbelieve will be exposed t o t he Fire (it will be said t o t hem): "Is t his not t he t rut h'' ) meaning, it will be said t o t hem, "Isn't t his t he t rut h Is t his magic, or do you not see''

びゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They will say: "Yes, by our Lord!'') meaning, t hey will have no choice but t o confess.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (He will say: "Then t ast e t he t orment , because you used t o disbelieve!'')

Commanding the Prophet to persevere Allah t hen commands His Messenger t o observe pat ience wit h t hose who rej ect ed him among his people. He says,

び͡モシ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ュ͡ ∇ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ∠ ら∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プぴ (Therefore be pat ient as did t hose of det erminat ion among t he Messengers.) meaning, as t hey were pat ient wit h t heir people's rej ect ion of t hem. "Those of det erminat ion'' among t he Messengers are Nuh, Ibrahim, Musa, ` Isa and t he last of all of t he Prophet s, Muhammad . Allah has specifically ment ioned t heir names in t wo Ayat : Surat Al-Ahzab (33:7) and Surat Ash-Shura (42:13).

び∇ユヰ⊥ ｚャ モ͡イ∇バわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and be in no hurry for t hem.) which means, ` do not rush t he punishment for t hem.' This is similar t o Allah's saying:

びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヤヰあ ョ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇バレｚ ャや ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ͡ル∇ケ∠ク∠ヱぴ (And leave Me alone t o deal wit h t he rej ect ors, t hose who are in possession of good t hings of life. And give t hem respit e for a lit t le while.) (73:11)

び や⇔ギ∇Αヱ∠ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヤヰ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや モ ͡ ヰあ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So allow t ime for t he disbelievers, and leave t hem for a while.) (86:17) Then Allah says:

る⇔ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ん∠ら∇ヤ∠Α ∇ユャ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ぴ び∃ケゅ∠ヰルｚ リあョ (On t he Day when t hey will see t hat which t hey are promised, it will be as t hough t hey had not remained (in t he world) except an hour in a day.) Which is similar t o Allah's saying,

ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠エッ ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ Βｚ ゼ ͡ハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ん∠ら∇ヤ∠Α ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ぴ び (On t he Day t hey see it (t he Hour), it will be as t hough t hey had not remained (in t he world) except for a day's aft ernoon or it s morning.) (79:46) and as He says,

リ ∠ ョあ る⇔ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ん∠ら∇ヤ∠Α ∇ユャｚ ラ∠ほミ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プケ∠ ゅ∠バわ∠ Α∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや (And on t he Day when He shall gat her t hem t oget her, (it will be) as if t hey had not st ayed but an hour of a day. They will recognize each ot her.)(10:45) Then Allah says,

び∀パ∠Κ∠よぴ (A clear message.) meaning, t his Qur'an provides a clear concept .

び∠ラヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ⊥ ヤ∠∇ヰΑ⊥ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ (But will any be dest royed except t he defiant ly rebellious people) Which means t hat Allah does not dest roy anyone except t hose who choose t he way of dest ruct ion. It is part of Allah's j ust ice t hat He does not punish anyone except t hose who deserve t he punishment -- and Allah knows best . This concludes t he explanat ion of Surat Al-Ahqaf. And all praise and blessings are due t o Allah. Bot h success and prot ect ion from fault s are by His help.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Qital (Chapter - 47) Which was revealed in Al-Madinah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

モ ｚッ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヱぁギタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴあ ル⊥ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠よ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゲ∠ ヘｚ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ∠ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ サ ͡ ゅレｚ ヤ͡ャ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や び ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ん∇ョぺ∠ (1. Those who disbelieve and hinder (men) from t he pat h of Allah, He will render t heir deeds vain.) (2. But t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, and believe in t hat which is sent down t o Muhammad -- for it is t he t rut h from t heir Lord -- He expiat es from t hem t heir sins and amends t heir Bal.) (3. That is because t hose who disbelieve follow falsehood, while t hose who believe follow t he t rut h from t heir Lord. Thus does Allah set fort h for mankind t heir parables.)

The Reward of the Disbelievers and the Believers Allah says,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ

(Those who disbelieve) meaning, in t he Ayat of Allah.

び∇やヱぁギタ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and hinder (men)) Ot hers.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハぴ (from t he pat h of Allah, He will render t heir deeds vain.) meaning, He renders t heir deeds vain and fut ile, and He denies t hem any rewards or blessings for t hem. This is similar t o His saying,

￢⇔ べ∠らワ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ モ ∃ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇ョ͡ギ∠ホ∠ヱぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥んレｚョ (And We will approach what t hey have done of deeds and make t hem as dispersed dust .) (25:23) Allah t hen says,

び͡れゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds,) Which means t hat t heir heart s and souls have believed, and t heir limbs and t heir hidden and apparent act s have complied wit h Allah's Law.

び∃ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴあ ル⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (And believe in t hat which has been sent down t o Muhammad) Adding t his st at ement t o t he previous one is a met hod of adding a specific meaning t o a general one. This provides proof t hat aft er Muhammad's advent , believing in him is a required condit ion for t he t rue fait h. Allah t hen says,

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (For it is t he t rut h from t heir Lord.) which is a beaut ifully placed parent het ical clause. Thus, Allah says,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠よ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゲ∠ ヘｚ ミ∠ ぴ (He expiat es from t hem t heir sins and amends t heir Bal.) Ibn ` Abbas, said, "This means t heir mat t er.'' Muj ahid said, "This means t heir affair.'' Qat adah and Ibn Zayd bot h said, "Their condit ion.'' And all of t hese are similar in meaning. It has been ment ioned (from t he Prophet ) in t he Hadit h of t he responding t o one who sneezes,

«ユ⊥ムャ∠ゅ∠よ ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ダΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ Α͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ » (May Allah guide you and rect ify your (Bal) affairs.) Then Allah says,

び∠モト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That is because t hose who disbelieve follow falsehood,) meaning, ` We only invalidat e t he deeds of t he disbelievers and overlook t he sins of t he right eous, and amend t heir affairs, because t hose who disbelieve follow false- hood.' Meaning, t hey choose falsehood over t he t rut h.

マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ん∇ョぺ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ (while t hose who believe follow t he t rut h from t heir Lord. Thus does Allah set fort h for t he people t heir parables.) Thus He makes t he consequence of t heir act ions clear t o t hem, and He shows t hem where t hey will end in t heir next life -- and Allah knows best .

へ∠クま͡ ヴわｚ ェ ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ホゲあ ャや ゆ ∠ ∇ゲツ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ ￢⇔ へ∠ギプ͡ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゅ６レ∠ョ ゅｚョみ͡プ∠ ベ ∠ ゅ∠をヲ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱぁギゼ ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ レ∠ガ∇をぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ∠ワケ∠ や∠コ∇ヱぺ∠ ゆ ⊥ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ツ ∠ ゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ ャあ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ わ∠ ∇ルΙ ∠ - ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ｚモツ ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰプ∠ ゲｚ ハ ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヱ∠ - ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠よ ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ダΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΒ∠ シ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠ゎ ラ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ - ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇バわ∠ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ∇ユム⊥ ョ∠ や∠ギ∇ホぺ∠ ∇ろらあ ん∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Α メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ワゲ͡ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ び ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ テ ∠ ら∠ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや

(4. So, when you meet t hose who disbelieve (in bat t le), smit e (t heir) necks unt il you have fully defeat ed t hem, t hen t ight en t heir bonds. Thereaft er (is t he t ime) eit her for generosit y or ransom, unt il t he war lays down it s burden. Thus, and had Allah so willed, He could have t aken vengeance against t hem;--but (He let s you st ruggle) so as t o t est wit h one anot her. But t hose who are killed in t he way of Allah, He will never let t heir deeds be lost .) (5. He will guide t hem and amend t heir condit ion.) (6. And admit t hem t o Paradise, which He has made known t o t hem.) (7. O you who believe! If you support (in t he cause of) Allah, He will support you, and make your foot hold firm.) (8. But as for t hose who disbelieve, misery await s t hem, and (Allah) will make t heir deeds vain.) (9. That is because t hey hat e t hat which Allah has sent down; so He has made t heir deeds fruit less.)

The Command to strike the Enemies' Necks, tighten Their Bonds, and then free Them either by an Act of Grace or for a Ransom Guiding t he believers t o what t hey should employ in t heir fight s against t he idolat ors, Allah says,

び͡ゆゅ∠ホゲあ ャや ゆ ∠ ∇ゲツ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (So, when you meet t hose who disbelieve (in bat t le), smit e t heir necks) which means, ` when you fight against t hem, cut t hem down t ot ally wit h your swords.'

び∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ レ∠ガ∇をぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il you have fully defeat ed t hem,) meaning, ` you have killed and ut t erly dest royed t hem.'

び∠ベゅ∠をヲ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱぁギゼ ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (t ight en t heir bonds.) ` This is referring t o t he prisoners of war whom you have capt ured. Lat er on, aft er t he war ends and t he conflict has ceased, you have a choice in regard t o t he capt ives: You may eit her act graciously t oward t hem by set t ing t hem free wit hout charge, or free t hem for a ransom t hat you require from t hem.' It appears t hat t his Ayah was revealed aft er t he bat t le of Badr. At t hat t ime, Allah reproached t he believers for sparing many of t he enemy's soldiers, and holding t oo many capt ives in order t o t ake ransom from t hem. So He said t hen:

ヶ͡プ リ ∠ガ ͡ ∇んΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ン∠ゲ∇シぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ ｙ ら͡ レ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや チ ∠ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャｚ - ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや び ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ｚ ヨ∠ ャ∠ ペ ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ (It is not for a Prophet t o have capt ives of war unt il he had made a great slaught er (among t he enemies) in t he land. You desire t he commodit ies of t his world, but Allah desires (for you) t he

Hereaft er. Allah is Might y and Wise. Were it not for a prior decree from Allah, a severe t orment would have t ouched you for what you t ook.) (8:67-68) Allah's saying,

びゅ∠ワケ∠ や∠コ∇ヱぺ∠ ゆ ⊥ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ツ ∠ ゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (...unt il t he war lays down it s burden.) Muj ahid said: "Unt il ` Isa bin Maryam (peace be upon him) descends.'' It seems as if he derived t his opinion from t he Prophet 's saying,

ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲワ͡ ゅニ ∠ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ ゅ∠デ メ ⊥ や∠ゴゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «メゅｚィギｚ ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ゲ⊥ カ ͡ へモ ∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ヴ∇わェ ∠ (There will always be a group of my Ummah vict orious upon t he t rut h, unt il t he last of t hem fight against Ad-Daj j al.) Imam Ahmad recorded from Jubayr bin Nufayr who report ed from Salamah bin Nufayl t hat he went t o t he Messenger of Allah and said, "I have let my horse go, and t hrown down my weapon, for t he war has ended. There is no more fight ing.'' Then t he Prophet said t o him,

ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ ゅ∠デ メ ⊥ や∠ゴゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩⊥メゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャや ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ラ ∠ ゅ∇ャや» ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヒ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ⊥ ∩͡サゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲワ͡ ゅ∠ニ ヶ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩ュや∠ヲ∇ホぺ∠ ケ͡ や∠キ ゲ∠ ∇ボハ ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∩∠マャ͡ク ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡タや∠ヲル∠ ヶ͡プ キ∀ ヲ⊥ボ∇バョ∠ モ ⊥ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥ュゅｚゼャや リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや (Now t he t ime of fight ing has come. There will always be a group of my Ummah dominant over ot hers. Allah will t urn t he heart s of some people away (from t he t rut h), so t hey (t hat group) will fight against t hem, and Allah will best ow on t hem (war spoils) from t hem (t he enemies) -unt il Allah's command comes t o pass while t hey are in t hat st at e. Verily, t he cent er of t he believers' abode is Ash-Sham. And goodness is t ied around t he horses' foreheads t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion.) An-Nasa'i also recorded t his narrat ion. Allah t hen says,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ わ∠ ∇ルΙ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (Thus, and had Allah so willed, He could have t aken vengeance against t hem;) which means t hat had He so willed, He could have t aken immediat e vengeance against t he disbelievers wit h a chast isement or exemplary punishment direct ly from Him.

び∃ヂ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ ャあ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but (He let s you st ruggle) so as t o t est wit h one anot her.) meaning, He has ordered Jihad and fight ing against t he enemies in order t o t ry you and t est your affairs. Allah also expresses His wisdom by t he legislat ion of Jihad in t he following t wo Surahs, Al ` Iman and At -Tawbah, in which He says,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ͡ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィ (Or did you t hink t hat you would ent er t he Paradise before Allah had made evident t hose of you who fight in His cause and made evident t hose who are st eadfast ) (3:142)

∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲダ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゴ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Αほ∠よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇よあグバ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ホぴ ∇ょワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ケ∠ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ブ ͡ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ナ ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ (Fight t hem; Allah will t hen punish t hem by your hands, disgrace t hem, grant you vict ory over t hem, sat isfy t he breast s of a believing people, and remove t he fury of t heir (t he believers') heart s. Allah t urns in forgiveness t o whom He wills; Allah is Knowing and Wise.) ( 9:14-15)

Merit of the Martyrs Since it is cust omary during wars t hat many of t he believers die, Allah says:

び∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ｚモツ ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (But t hose who are killed in t he way of Allah, He will never let t heir deeds be lost .) which means t hat He would not let t heir good deeds go t o wast e, but would rat her mult iply and increase t hem. Some of t hem will cont inue being rewarded for t heir good deeds for t he ent ire lengt h of t heir st ay in Al-Barzakh. This has been ment ioned in a Hadit h recorded by Imam Ahmad in his Musnad on t he aut horit y of Kat hir bin Murrah, who report ed from Qays AlJudhami, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat Allah's Messenger said,

∇リョ͡ り∃ ゲ∠ ∇トホ∠ メ ͡ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ メ ∃ ゅ∠ダカ ͡ ろ ｚ シ ͡ ギ⊥ Β͡ヰゼ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ト∇バΑ⊥ » リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ バ∠ ∇ボョ∠ ン∠ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∃るゃ∠ Β͡トカ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゲ⊥ ｚヘム∠ ゎ⊥ :ヮ͡ ョ͡ キ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩リΒ͡バ∇ャや ケ͡ ヲ⊥エ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ァ ⊥ ｚヱゴ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや る∠ ｚヤェ ⊥ ヴｚヤ∠エΑ⊥ ∠ヱ ∩͡ゲ∇らボ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ∩͡ゲら∠ ∇ミほ∠∇ャや ネ ͡ ゴ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャや «ラゅ∠ヨΑ͡み∇ャや (As t he first drop of his blood gushes fort h, a mart yr is grant ed six merit s: all of his sins are forgiven, he is shown his place in Paradise, he is married t o wide-eyed Huris, he is secured from t he great fear (on Judgement Day) and t he t orment of t he grave, and he is adorned wit h t he adornment s of Iman.) Ahmad was alone in recording t his Hadit h. Abu Ad-Darda', may Allah be pleased wit h him, report ed t hat Allah's Messenger said,

«ヮ͡わ∇Βよ∠ モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ギ⊥ Β͡ヰゼ ｚ ャや ノ⊥ ｚヘゼ ∠ Α⊥ » (A mart yr is allowed t o int ercede for sevent y members of his household. ) This was recorded by Abu Dawud, and t here are numerous ot her Hadit hs ment ioning t he merit s of t he mart yrs. As for Allah's saying,

び∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΒ∠ シ ∠ぴ (He will guide t hem) meaning, He will guide t hem t o Jannah. This is similar t o Allah's saying,

∇ユ͡ヰΑ͡ギ∇ヰ∠Α れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヶ͡プ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ わ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡みよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ び ユ͡ Β͡バレｚ ャや ろ ͡ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ (Indeed, t hose who have believed and done right eous good deeds, t heir Lord will guide t hem because of t heir Fait h: beneat h t hem rivers will flow in t he Gardens of Pleasure.) (10:9) Allah says,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠よ ウ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ダΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and amend t heir condit ion.) meaning, t heir sit uat ion and affairs.

び ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰプ∠ ゲｚ ハ ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And (He will) admit t hem t o Paradise, which He has made known t o t hem.) It means t hat He has acquaint ed t hem wit h Paradise and guided t hem t o it . Muj ahid said: "The people of Paradise will be guided t o t heir houses and dwellings and what ever sect ions Allah has ordained for t hem in it . They will not make mist akes in t his, nor will t hey ask anyone for direct ions t o t heir dwellings -- as if t hey had dwelt in it from t he t ime t hey were first creat ed.'' Al-Bukhari recorded from Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat Allah's Messenger said,

り∃ ゲ∠ ト ∠ ∇レボ∠ よ͡ やヲ⊥ジら͡ ェ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゾ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ や∠クま͡» ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ユ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ヌョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁタゅ∠ボわ∠ Α∠ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや∠ヱ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ⊥ やヲぁボル⊥ ヱ∠ やヲ⊥よあグワ⊥ や∠クま ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∩ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや メ ͡ ヲ⊥カキ⊥ ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヵ͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ャ͡ゴ͡ ∇レヨ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ン∠ギ∇ワぺ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ ャ͡ゴ͡ ∇レヨ∠ よ͡ «ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや (Aft er t he believers securely pass t he Fire (on t he Day of Judgement ), t hey will be held back upon a bridge bet ween Paradise and t he Fire. There, t hey will have any act s of inj ust ice t hat t hey commit t ed against one anot her in t he life of t his world rect ified. Aft er t hey are complet ely purified and cleansed (from inj ust ice), t hey will be admit t ed int o Paradise. By t he One in Whose Hand is my soul, each one of t hem will find his way t o his dwelling in Paradise bet t er t han he found his way t o his dwelling in t he worldly life.)

Support Allah's Cause, He will then support You Allah t hen says:

∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Α ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠ゎ ラ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び ∇ユム⊥ ョ∠ や∠ギ∇ホぺ∠ ∇ろらあ ん∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ (O you who believe! If you support (t he cause of) Allah, He will support you and make your foot hold firm.) This is similar t o His saying,

び⊥ロゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠Α リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ∠ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Β∠ャ∠ヱぴ

(Indeed, Allah will surely support t hose who support Him (His cause).) (22:40) That is because t he reward is comparable t o t he t ype of deed t hat is performed. Thus, Allah says here,

び∇ユム⊥ ョ∠ や∠ギ∇ホぺ∠ ∇ろらあ ん∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and make your foot hold firm.) Allah t hen says,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ゅ⇔ジ∇バわ∠ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (But as for t hose who disbelieve -- misery await s t hem) This misery is t he opposit e of making firm t he foot holds of t he believers who support t he cause of Allah and His Messenger . It has been confirmed in a Hadit h t hat Allah's Messenger said,

ザ ∠ バ͡ ゎ∠ ∩͡ユワ∠ ∇ケギあ ャや⊥ギ∇らハ ∠ ザ ∠ バ͡ ゎ∠ ∩͡ケゅ∠レΑあギャや⊥ギ∇らハ ∠ ザ ∠ バ͡ ゎ∠ » ゅ∠ヤプ∠ マ ∠ Β͡セ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ザ ∠ ム∠ わ∠ ∇ルや∠ヱ ザ ∠ バ͡ ゎ∠ ∩͡るヘ∠ Β͡トボ∠ ∇ャや⊥ギ∇らハ ∠ «ズ∠ボわ∠ ∇ルや (Misery await s t he servant of t he Dinar; misery await s t he servant of t he Dirham; misery await s t he servant of velvet . Misery await s him, and degeneracy; and if he is pricked by a t horn, may he not find anyone t o pull it for him.) This means may Allah not cure him. Then Allah says,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and (Allah) will make t heir deeds vain.) meaning, He will nullify t hem and make t hem fruit less. Thus, Allah says,

び⊥ヮヤｚャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ワゲ͡ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That is because t hey hat e t hat which Allah has sent down;) which means t hat t hey did not want or like what Allah revealed.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ テ ∠ ら∠ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ ぴ (so He made t heir deeds fruit less.)

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Βプ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ョｚ キ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ

ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャ∇ヲ∠ョ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥⇒∠ん∇ョぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ - ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ャ∇ヲ∠ョ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リあョ リあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ - ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ン⇔ヲ∇んョ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ ユ⊥ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘやモ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ マ ∠ ∇わィ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや マ ∠ わ͡ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ り⇔ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ び ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ダ ͡ ⇒∠ル Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ (10. Have t hey not t raveled t hrough t he eart h and seen what happened in t he end t o t hose before t hem Allah dest royed t hem complet ely, and a similar (await s) t he disbelievers.) (11. That is because Allah is t he Prot ect or of t hose who believe, whereas t he disbelievers have no prot ect or.) (12. Cert ainly Allah will admit t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, int o Gardens under which rivers flow (Paradise); while t hose who disbelieve enj oy t heir life and eat as cat t le eat ; but t he Fire will be t heir abode.) (13. And how many a t own might ier t han your t own t hat has driven you out We have dest royed, wit h none t o help t hem!)

Admonition and Fire for the Disbelievers; Paradise for Those Who have Taqwa Allah says,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Have t hey not t raveled) meaning, t hose who associat e part ners wit h Allah and deny His Messenger .

リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Βプ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ョｚ キ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ (t hrough t he land and seen what happened in t he end t o t hose before t hem Allah dest royed t hem complet ely,) which means t hat Allah punished t hem because of t heir denial and disbelief, and saved t he believers from among t hem. That is why He says,

びゅ∠ヰヤ⊥⇒∠ん∇ョぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and a similar (end await s) t he disbelievers.) Then Allah says,

リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ び ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ャ∇ヲ∠ョ Ι ∠ (That is because Allah is t he Prot ect or of all t hose who believe, whereas t he disbelievers have no prot ect or.) Aft er t he bat t le of Uhud, Abu Sufyan Sakhr bin Harb, t he commander of t he idolat ors at t hat t ime, inquired about t he Prophet , Abu Bakr, and ` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem. When he heard no response, he announced: "Verily, t hose t hree have died!'' ` Umar t hen responded t o him: "You lie, O enemy of Allah! Allah has indeed saved t hose who will displease you. Indeed, t hose whom you ment ioned are all alive!'' Abu Sufyan t hen said: "Well, t oday makes up for (t he defeat on) t he day of Badr, and t he war has it s ups and downs. And indeed, you are going t o find mut ilat ion (in t he bodies of your dead) t hat I did not command, nor did I prohibit .'' Then he t urned around chant ing: "Glory t o Hubal (t heir great est idol), Glory t o Hubal.'' Allah's Messenger said:

«∨⊥ロヲ⊥らΒ͡イゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» (Aren't you going t o respond t o him) The Companions said: "What should we say, O Messenger of Allah'' He said:

«モ∠ィぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇ハ∠ぺ ぶ ⊥ や :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホ » (Say: "Allah is Most High and Most Glorious.'') Then Abu Sufyan said: "We have Al-` Uzza (t heir second idol), and you have no ` Uzza. (honor).'' Allah's Messenger said:

«∨⊥ロヲ⊥らΒ͡イゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» (Aren't you all going t o respond t o him) They said: "What should we say, O Messenger of Allah'' He said:

«ユ⊥ムャ∠ ヴ∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ルゅ∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ぶ ⊥ や :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホ» (Say: "Allah is our Prot ect or, and you have no prot ect or.'') Allah t hen says,

ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲレ⊥ ョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び⊥ゲ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠レィ ∠

(Verily, Allah will admit t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds int o Gardens t hrough which rivers flow.) meaning, on t he Day of Resurrect ion.

モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び⊥ユ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘや (Whereas t hose who disbelieve enj oy t heir life and eat as cat t le eat . ) Which means t hat t he disbelievers enj oy t heir worldly life and eat in it like animals, munching and gnawing (wit h greed). They have no concern ot her t han t hat . Thus, it has been confirmed in t he Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヶ͡プ モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゲ⊥ プ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや∠ヱ ∩∃ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ ヴ ⇔ バ͡ョ ヶ͡プ モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや» «￢ゅ∠バ∇ョぺ∠ る͡ バ∠ ∇らシ ∠ (A believer eat s wit h one int est ine, and a disbeliever eat s wit h seven int est ines.) Then Allah says,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ン⇔ヲ∇んョ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや∠ヱぴ (but t he Fire will be t heir abode.) meaning, on t he Day of t heir Reckoning. Allah t hen says,

ヴ͡わャｚや マ ∠ わ͡ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ り⇔ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ リあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∠マ∇わィ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ (And how many a t own might ier t han your t own t hat has driven you out ) meaning, Makkah.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ダ ͡ ⇒∠ル Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ぴ (We have dest royed, wit h none t o help t hem!) gThis is a great t hreat and severe warning t o t he people of Makkah because t hey rej ect ed Allah's Messenger , who was t he chief of t he Messengers and t he last of t he Prophet s. If Allah had dest royed t he previous nat ions because of t heir denial of t heir Messengers, what t hen would t hose (people of Makkah) expect t hat Allah would do t o t hem in t he worldly life and t he Hereaft er And if t he t orment were t o be lift ed off some of t hem in t his life by t he blessing of t he presence of t he Messenger, t he Prophet of Mercy, t he t orment will be st ored for t hem in t heir next life, as Allah says,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ブ ⊥ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ツΑ⊥ ぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ノ∠ ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや (Their t orment will be doubled! They could not bear t o hear (t he preaching), and t hey used not t o see (t he t rut h).) (11:20) Concerning Allah's saying,

び∠マ∇わィ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや マ ∠ わ͡ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョぴ (t han Your t own t hat has driven you out ) This means, ` it s people who have driven you (Muhammad ) out from amongst t hem (t he people of Makkah).' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded from Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat when Allah's Messenger left Makkah (at t he t ime of Hij rah -- migrat ion), and he reached t he cave and hid inside it , he looked back t oward Makkah and said,

ぶ ͡ や キ͡ ゅ∠ヤよ͡ ょ ぁ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ろ ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶや ヴ∠ャま͡ ぶ ͡ や キ͡ ゅ∠ヤよ͡ ょ ぁ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ろ ͡ ∇ルぺ∠» ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇カぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥ィゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩ｚヶャ∠ま͡ «マ∇レョ͡ (You are t he most beloved t o Allah among Allah's lands, and you are also t he most beloved t o me among Allah's lands. Were it not t hat t he idolat ors have driven me out from you, I would never have left you.) Ibn ` Abbas t hen said, "The worst of enemies is he who t ransgresses against Allah in His own sacred place, who kills a person who is not t rying t o kill him, or who kills because of Jahiliyyah vengeance. Allah t hen revealed t o His Prophet ,

ヴ͡わャｚや マ ∠ わ͡ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ り⇔ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ リあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ダ ͡ ⇒∠ル Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇わィ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ (And how many a t own might ier t han your t own t hat has driven you out have We dest royed, wit h none t o help t hem!)''

￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Αあ コ⊥ リ∠ヨミ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ る∃ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ギ∠ ハ ͡ ヱ⊥ ヴ͡わャｚや る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ｚョ - ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ や∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ケ∀ ゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ∃シ ͡ や∠￢ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ￢∃ べｚョ リあョ ∀ケゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや

り∃ グｚ ャｚ ゲ∃ ∇ヨカ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ゲ⇒∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇バデ ∠ ∇ゲΒｚ ピ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ リ ∃ ら∠ ャｚ リあョ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ６ヘダ ∠ ョぁ モ ∃ジ ∠ハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ゲ⇒∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡よゲ͡ ⇒ゼ ｚ ヤあャ ヴ͡プ ∀ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リヨ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ んｚ ャや あモミ⊥ び ∇ユワ⊥ ∠￢べ∠バ∇ョ∠ぺ ノ∠ ト ｚ ボ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボシ ⊥ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや (14. Can t hen he, who st ands on clear evidence from his Lord, be like t hose for whom t heir evil deeds are beaut ified for t hem, while t hey follow t heir own lust s) (15. The descript ion of Paradise which is promised t o t hose who have Taqwa, (is t hat ) in it are rivers of wat er t hat are not Asin, rivers of milk t he t ast e of which never changes, rivers of wine delicious t o t hose who drink it , and rivers of refined honey; and t herein for t hem are all kinds of fruit s, and forgiveness from t heir Lord. Can t his be likened t o t hose who abide et ernally in t he Fire and are given t o drink boiling wat er t hat severs t heir int est ines)

The Worshipper of the Truth and the Worshipper of Lust are not Equal Allah says:

び͡ヮよあ ケｚ リあョ る∃ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Can t hen he, who st ands on clear evidence from his Lord...) This means a person who is upon clear vision and cert aint y concerning Allah's commands and His religion, because of t he guidance and knowledge t hat Allah has revealed in His Book, and because of t he pure nat ure upon which Allah has creat ed him.

び∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ や∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Αあ コ⊥ リ∠ヨミ∠ ぴ ((Can he) be likened t o t hose for whom t heir evil deeds are beaut ified for t hem, while t hey follow t heir own lust s) which means t hat t hey cannot be equal. This is similar t o Allah's saying,

∇リヨ∠ ミ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びヴ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ (Can he who knows t hat what has been revealed unt o you from your Lord is t he t rut h be like him who is blind) (13:19) And,

る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴも͡ べ∠ヘ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ (Not equal are t he people of t he Fire and t he people of Paradise. The People of Paradise will be t he successful ones.) (59:20)

Description of Paradise and Its Rivers Allah t hen says:

び∠ラヲ⊥ボｚわヨ⊥ ∇ャや ギ∠ ハ ͡ ヱ⊥ ヴ͡わャｚや る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ｚョぴ (The descript ion of Paradise which is promised for t hose who have Taqwa...) ` Ikrimah said,

び͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ｚョぴ (The descript ion of Paradise) "This means it s descript ion.''

び∃リシ ͡ や∠￢ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ￢∃ べｚョ リあョ ∀ケゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プぴ (In it are rivers of wat er t hat are not Asin,) Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, AlHasan, and Qat adah all said, "It does not change.'' Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, and ` At a' Al-Khurasani all said, "It is not foul-smelling.'' The Arabs say Asin if it s (wat er) scent changes.

び⊥ヮヨ⊥ ∇バデ ∠ ∇ゲΒｚ ピ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ リ ∃ ら∠ ャｚ リあョ ∀ケゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (rivers of milk, t he t ast e of which never changes,) which means t hat t he milk is of ut most whit eness, sweet ness, and richness. It has been ment ioned in a Hadit h at t ribut ed t o t he Prophet "Their milk did not come out of t he udders of cat t le.''

び∠リΒ͡よゲ͡ ⇒ｚゼヤあャ り∃ グｚ ャｚ ゲ∃ ∇ヨカ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ゲ⇒∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (rivers of wine delight ful t o t hose who drink it , ) hich means t hat t he wine does not have a bad t ast e or foul smell like t hat of t he worldly life. Rat her, it is good in it s appearance, t ast e, smell, and effect , as Allah says,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゴ∠ レ⊥Α ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀メ∇ヲ∠ビ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ Ι ∠ぴ (it (t he wine) has no bad effect s, nor does it cause int oxicat ion.) (37:47) and,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゴ͡ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギｚ ダ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ｚぴ (From which (t he wine) t hey will have no headache, nor will t hey be int oxicat ed.) (56:19)

び ∠リΒ͡よ͡ゲ⇒ｚゼヤあャ り∃ グｚ ャ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ツ∇Βよ∠ ぴ (whit e, delicious t o t he drinkers.)(37:46) It has been ment ioned in a Hadit h at t ribut ed t o t he Prophet , "Their wine was not pressed under men's feet .''

びヴ６ヘダ ∠ ョぁ モ ∃ジ ∠ハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ゲ⇒∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and rivers of refined honey;) which means t hat t he honey is of ut most purit y and pleasant color, t ast e, and smell. It has been ment ioned in a Hadit h at t ribut ed t o t he Prophet , "Their honey did not come out of t he bellies of bees.'' Imam Ahmad recorded from Hakim bin Mu` awiyah who narrat ed from his fat her t hat Allah's Messenger said,

モ ͡ジ ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇エよ∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇エよ∠ ヱ∠ リ ͡ ら∠ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇エよ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ» «ギ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇ルほ∠∇ャや ペ ⊥ ｚボゼ ∠ ゎ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡ゲ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇エよ∠ ヱ∠ (Verily, t here is in Paradise a lake of milk, a lake of wat er, a lake of honey, and a lake of wine. The rivers t hen gush out of t hem. At -Tirmidhi report ed t his narrat ion in his sect ion of t he Descript ion of Paradise, and he said, "Hasan Sahih. In t he Sahih, it is recorded t hat Allah's Messenger said,

ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ サ ∠ ∇ヱキ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ャや ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ャほ∠∇シゅ∠プ ヴャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ や ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ や∠クま͡» ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ｚイヘ∠ ゎ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや テ ⊥シ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ «リヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ス ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや (When you ask Allah, ask Him for Al-Firdaws, because it is t he cent ral and highest part of t he Paradise, and from it gush t he rivers of t he Paradise and above it is t he Throne of t he Most Merciful.)Allah says,

び͡れゲ∠ ヨ∠ んｚ ャや あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (...and t herein for t hem are all kinds of fruit s, ...) This similar t o His saying,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ や∠￢ る∃ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠プ モ あ ム͡よ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ぴ

(They will call in it for every kind of fruit in peace and securit y.) (44:55) And His saying,

びラ ͡ ゅ∠ィ∇ヱコ∠ る∃ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠プ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プぴ (In t hem will be every kind of fruit s in pairs.) (55:52) Allah says

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (. ..and forgiveness from t heir Lord.) meaning, in addit ion t o all of t he above. Allah says,

び͡ケゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ∀ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リヨ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Can t his be likened t o t hose who abide et ernally in t he Fire) meaning, ` can t hose t hat We have described t heir posit ion in t he Paradise be like t hose who will abide et ernally in t he Fire' They are not equal, and nor are t hose who will be in t he high ranks (in t he Paradise) and t hose who will be in t he lowest dept hs (Hell).

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボシ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and are given t o drink boiling wat er) meaning, ext remely hot ; so hot t hat it is unbearable.

び∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠バ∇ョぺ∠ ノ∠ ト ｚ ボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t hat severs t heir int est ines) meaning, t hat will cut t heir insides -- bot h bowels and int est ines. We seek refuge in Allah from t hat .

∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ノ⊥ ヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ⇔ヘ͡ルや∠￢ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や∠クゅ∠ョ ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ポ ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ノ∠ ら∠ デ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ キ∠ や∠コ ∇や∇ヱギ∠ わ∠ ∇ワや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ - ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヲボ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴｚルほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ヰデ ⊥ や∠ゲ∇セぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ び ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ゲ∇ミク͡

マ ∠ ら͡ ルグ∠ ャ͡ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやΕ͡ま ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇ハゅ∠プぴ ∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ヤｚボ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ヱ∠ び∇ユミ⊥ や∠ヲ∇んョ∠ ヱ∠ (16. And among t hem are some who list en t o you t ill when t hey go out from you, t hey say t o t hose who have received knowledge: "What is it t hat he has said j ust now "Such are men whose heart s Allah has sealed because t hey followed t heir lust s.) (17. And as for t hose who accept guidance, He increases t hem in guidance and best ows on t hem t heir Taqwa.) (18. Do t hey t hen await except t hat t he Hour should come upon t hem suddenly But already t here have come (some of) it s port ent s; and when it (act ually) is on t hem, how can t hey benefit t hen by t heir reminder) (19. So know t hat La ilaha illallah and ask forgiveness for your sin, and also for (t he sin of) believing men and women. And Allah knows well your moving about , and your place of rest .)

The Description of the Situation of the Hypocrites and the Command to maintain Tawhid and seek Forgiveness Allah describes t he hypocrit es' st upidit y and limit ed underst anding. They used t o sit before Allah's Messenger and list en t o his words wit hout underst anding anyt hing. Then when t hey left from his presence,

び∠ユ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (t hey say t o t hose who have received knowledge) from t he Companions

び⇔ゅヘ͡ルや∠￢ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や∠クゅ∠ョぴ ("What is it t hat he has said j ust now'') meaning, at t his moment . They did not underst and what he said, nor did t hey care about it . Allah says,

∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ノ∠ ら∠ デ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ び∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ (Such are t he men whose heart s Allah has sealed because t hey followed t heir lust s.) which means t hat t hey had neit her sound underst anding nor correct int ent ions. Allah t hen says,

びン⇔ギワ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ キ∠ や∠コ ∇や∇ヱギ∠ わ∠ ∇ワや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ

(And as for t hose who accept guidance, He increases t hem in guidance) which means t hat t hose who seek guidance, Allah facilit at es it for t hem; He guides t hem t o it , makes t hem firm on it , and gives t hem more of it .

び∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヲボ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (and best ows on t hem t heir Taqwa. ) meaning, He inspires t hem t o t heir right eous guidance. Allah t hen says,

び⇔るわ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Do t hey t hen await except t hat t he Hour should come upon t hem suddenly) meaning, while t hey are unaware of it .

びゅ∠ヰデ ⊥ や∠ゲ∇セぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (But already t here have come (some of) it s port ent s;) meaning, t he signs of it s approach. This is similar t o Allah's saying,

び る⊥ プ∠ コ͡ Ι ｘやろ ͡ プ∠ コ͡ ぺ∠ - ヴ∠ャ∇ヱΙ ｙ や ケ͡ グ⊥ レぁ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル や∠グ⇒ワ∠ ぴ (This is a warner of t he warners of old. The approaching Day has drawn near.) (53:56-57) And His saying,

び ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ペ ｚゼ ∠ ルや∠ヱ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ろ ͡ よ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホやぴ (The Hour has drawn near, and t he moon has split .) (54:1) And His saying,

び⊥ロヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∠ぺぴ (The command of Allah is coming, so do not be impat ient for it .) (16:1) And His saying,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョぁ る∃ ヤ∠∇ヘビ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ ⇒∠ジェ ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホやぴ び (The people's Day of Reckoning has approached while t hey t urn away in heedlessness.) (21:1) Thus, t he Messenger's advent is one of t he signs of t he Hour, because he is t he Finalit y of t he Messengers. Wit h him, Allah has complet ed t he religion and est ablished t he evidence against all people in a way t hat was never done by a previous Prophet . Allah's Messenger has most clearly informed about t he signs and indicat ions of t he Hour, as we have discussed elsewhere.

Al-Bukhari recorded from Sahl bin Sa` d, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat he saw Allah's Messenger bring his index and middle fingers t oget her while he said,

«リ∇Βゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰミ∠ る∠ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや∠ヱ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ » (I have been sent before t he Hour as t hese t wo (fingers).) Allah cont inues,

び∇ユワ⊥ や∠ゲ∇ミク͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴｚルほ∠プ∠ ぴ (and when it (act ually) is on t hem, how can t hey benefit t hen by t heir reminder) meaning, how would remembering benefit t he disbelievers when t he Hour comes upon t hem This is similar t o Allah's saying,

びン∠ゲ∇ミグあ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヴルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゲ⊥ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t hat Day will t he human being remember, but what would t hat remembrance avail him t hen) (89:23) And His saying,

ラ ͡ ゅ∠ムョｚ リ͡ョ ス ⊥ ヱ⊥ ゅ∠レわｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴｚル∠ぺ∠ヱ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び ギ∃ Β͡バよ∠ (They will say (in t he Hereaft er): "Now we believe in it !'' But how could t hey claim belief from such a far place) (34:52) Allah t hen says,

び͡ヮヤｚャやΕ͡ま ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇ハゅ∠プぴ (So know t hat La ilaha illallah) This is a declarat ion t hat t here is no t rue God except Allah. It is not somet hing t hat is easy for him t o command t he people t o have knowledge of. That is why Allah connect ed it wit h,

び͡ろ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ ら͡ ル∠グャ͡ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ (and ask forgiveness for your sin and for t he believing men and women.) In t he Sahih, it is recorded t hat Allah's Messenger used t o say,

ヶ͡プ ヶ͡プや∠ゲ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ヶ͡ヤ∇ヰィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡わゃ∠ Β͡トカ ∠ ヶ͡ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや» ヶ͡ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや ∩ヶあレョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヵ͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠

マ ∠ ャ͡ク ぁモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ヵ͡ギ∇ヨハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ゃト ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヵあギィ ͡ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ャ∇ゴワ∠ «ヵ͡ギ∇レハ ͡ (O Allah, forgive my sin, my ignorance, my immoderat ion in my affairs, and all t hat You know bet t er about my (fault s) t han myself. O Allah, forgive for me my j oking, my seriousness, my unint ended error, and my deliberat e (mist akes) -- and I have done of all t hat .) It is also report ed in t he Sahih t hat he used t o say at t he end of t he prayer,

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩⊥れ∇ゲカ ｚ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ョｚギホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヶ͡ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや» ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩⊥ろ∇プゲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩⊥ろ∇レヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ケゲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ «ろ∇ル∠ぺ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ャ ヶ͡ヰャ͡ま ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∩ヶあレョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ (O Allah, forgive for me what I have previously done, what I may commit in fut ure, what I have commit t ed secret ly, what I have commit t ed openly, what I have done excessively, and all sins t hat You know bet t er t han me. You are my God. There is no (t rue) God except You.) It is also recorded in t he Sahih t hat he used t o say,

ぶ ∠ や ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ヶあルみ͡プ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ やヲ⊥よヲ⊥ゎ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ゅ∠Α» «りｚゲョ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎぺ∠ヱ∠ (O people! Repent t o your Lord! Verily, I ask Allah for forgiveness and repent t o Him more t han sevent y t imes every day.) Allah t hen says,

び∇ユミ⊥ や∠ヲ∇んョ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ヤｚボ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah knows well your moving about , and your place of rest .) means, He knows how you behave during t he day, and where you set t le at night . This is similar t o His saying,

ユ⊥わ∇ェゲ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よ ユ⊥ム⇒ｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャゅ͡よ (It is He Who t akes your souls by night and knows all t hat you do by day.)(6:60) And He says,

ゅ∠ヰホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ゅ∠ヰハ ∠ キ∠ ∇ヲわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅワ∠ ゲｚ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ び (And t here is no moving creat ure on eart h but it s provision is up t o Allah, and He knows it s dwelling place and it s deposit (before birt h and af t er deat h) -- all is in a clear regist er.) (11:6)

へ∠クみ͡プ∠ ∀り∠ケヲ⊥シ ∇ろャ∠ゴあ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ク⊥ ヱ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ ム∠ ∇エョぁ ∀り∠ケヲ⊥シ ∇ろャ∠ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ ル∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∀チ∠ゲョｚ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∀る∠ハゅ∠デ - ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ あゼ ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ホギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ュ∠ ゴ∠ ハ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∀フヱ⊥ゲ∇バョｚ メ ∀ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡ま ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βジ ∠ハ ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ - ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ - ∇ユム⊥ ョ∠ ゅ∠ェ∇ケぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バト あ ボ∠ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘゎ⊥ び ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ ヴ∠ヨ∇ハ∠ぺ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨｚ タ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや (20. Those who believe say: "Why is not a Surah sent down (for us)'' But now t hat a decisive Surah is sent down ment ioning fight ing, you can see t hose in whose heart s is disease (of hypocrisy) looking at you wit h t he look of one who is about t o faint for fear of deat h. But it was bet t er for t hem.) (21. Obedience and good words. And when t he mat t er is resolved, t hen if t hey had been t rue t o Allah, it would have been bet t er for t hem.) (22. So would you perhaps, if you t urned away, spread corrupt ion on eart h, and sever your t ies of kinship) (23. Such are t he ones whom Allah has cursed, so t hat He has made t hem deaf and blinded t heir vision.)

The Situation of the True Believer and the Sick-Hearted when the Command for Jihad was revealed Allah ment ions t hat t he believers were hoping t hat Jihad would be legislat ed. But when Allah ordained it , many of t he people t urned back, as Allah says,

∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヲぁヘミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ メ ⊥ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ゅヨｚ ヤ∠プ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ Β∠ ∇ゼガ ∠ ミ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ や∠クま͡ Ι∇ヲャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ る⇔ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ノ⊥ ⇒∠わョ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ょ ∃ Α͡ゲホ∠ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠レゎ∠ ∇ゲカ ｚ ぺ∠ びΚ ⇔ Β͡わプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ボゎｚ や リ ͡ ヨ∠ ャあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ (Have you not seen t hose who were t old: "Rest rain your hands (from fight ing), est ablish t he Salah, and give Zakah.'' But t hen when fight ing was ordained for t hem, you find a part y of t hem fearing t he people as t hey fear Allah or more. They said: "Our Lord! Why have You decreed fight ing upon us If only You have post poned us for a short period.'' Say: "The enj oyment of t his world is lit t le. The Hereaft er is far bet t er for him who had Taqwa of (Allah), and you will not be dealt wit h unj ust ly, even as much as a t hin t hread (inside a dat e's pit ).'')(4:77) Similarly, Allah says here,

び∀りケ∠ ヲ⊥シ ∇ろャ∠ゴあ ル⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Those who believe say: "Why is not a Surah sent down (for us)'') means, a Surah cont aining an order t o fight . Then He says,

メ ⊥ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ク⊥ ヱ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ ム∠ ∇エョぁ ∀り∠ケヲ⊥シ ∇ろャ∠ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∀チ∠ゲョｚ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ び͡れ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ あゼ ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ ル∠ (But now t hat a decisive Surah is sent down ment ioning fight ing, you can see t hose in whose heart s is disease looking at you wit h t he look of one who is about t o faint for fear of deat h.) meaning, due t o t heir fear, t error, and cowardice concerning meet ing t he enemies. Allah t hen encourages t hem by saying,

び∀フヱ⊥ゲ∇バョｚ メ ∀ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ る∀ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ト∇ヨヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ ぴ (But it was bet t er for t hem, obedience and good words.) which means t hat it would have been bet t er for t hem t o list en and obey in t hat present sit uat ion.

び⊥ゲ∇ョΙ ｘ や ュ∠ ゴ∠ ハ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (When t he mat t er (of fight ing) is resolved.) which means when t he sit uat ion becomes serious and t he t ime of fight ing t ruly arrives.

び∠ヮヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ホギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (if t hey had been t rue t o Allah,) meaning, by making t heir int ent ions sincerely for Him.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムャ∠ぴ (it would have been bet t er for t hem) Allah t hen says,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡ま ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βジ ∠ハ ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So would you perhaps, if you t urned away) meaning, from Jihad and you wit hdrew from it .

び∇ユム⊥ ョ∠ ゅ∠ェ∇ケぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バト あ ボ∠ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺぴ (spread corrupt ion on eart h, and sever your t ies of kinship) which means, would you t hen go back t o your old pract ices of t he t ime of ignorance: shedding blood and severing kinship t ies Allah t hen says,

ヴ∠ヨ∇ハ∠ぺ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨｚ タ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ び ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ (Such are t he ones whom Allah has cursed, so He has made t hem deaf and blinded t heir vision.) This involves a general prohibit ion of spreading corrupt ion on eart h, and a specific prohibit ion of severing t he t ies of kinship. In fact , Allah has commanded t he people t o est ablish right eousness on eart h, as well as t o j oin t he t ies of kinship by t reat ing t he relat ives well in speech, act ions, and spending wealt h in charit y. Many aut hent ic and sound Hadit hs have been report ed t hrough numerous rout es of t ransmission from Allah's Messenger in t his regard. AlBukhari recorded from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat Allah's Messenger said,

ろ ͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ パ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠» :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ リ ͡ ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヲ͡ ∇ボエ ∠ よ͡ ∇れグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ユ⊥ ェ ͡ ｚゲャや

∩͡るバ∠ Β͡トボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ よ͡ グ͡ も͡ ゅ∠バ∇ャや ュ⊥ ゅ∠ボョ∠ や∠グワ :∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩∇ヮョ∠ マ ͡ ヤ∠タ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇リョ∠ モ ∠タ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βッ ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ «マ∠ャ ポ ͡ や∠グプ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩ヴ∠ヤよ∠ :∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ ∨͡マバ∠ ト ∠ ホ∠ ∇リョ∠ ノ∠ ト ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ (Aft er Allah complet ed creat ing t he creat ion, t he womb st ood up and pulled at t he lower garment of t he Most Merciful. He said, 'St op t hat !' It replied, 'My st and here is t he st and of one seeking refuge in you from severance of t ies.' Allah said, 'Would it not please you t hat I j oin whoever j oins you and sever whoever severs you' It replied, 'Yes indeed!' He said, 'You are grant ed t hat !') Abu Hurayrah t hen added, "Read if you wish:

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡ま ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βジ ∠ハ ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ び ∇ユム⊥ ョ∠ ゅ∠ェ∇ケぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バト あ ボ∠ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ (So would you perhaps, if you t urned away, spread corrupt ion on eart h, and sever your t ies of kinship)'' Then Al-Bukhari recorded it wit h anot her wording which st at es t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ラま͡ やヱ⊥￢ゲ∠ ∇ホや» チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギジ ͡ ∇ヘゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡ま ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βジ ∠ハ ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ «び ∇ユム⊥ ョ∠ ゅ∠ェ∇ケぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バト あ ボ∠ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ (Read if you wish: (So would you perhaps, if you t urned away, spread corrupt ion on eart h, and sever your t ies of kinship)) Muslim also recorded it . Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Bakrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat Allah's Messenger said:

ヮ⊥ わ∠ よ∠ ヲ⊥ボハ ⊥ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やモ ∠イ あ バ∠ Α⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ェぺ∠ ょ ∃ ∇ルク∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» リ ∠ ョ͡ ∩͡りゲ∠ カ ͡ ゅ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ ら͡ ェ ͡ ゅ∠ダャ͡ ゲ⊥ カ ͡ ギｚ Α∠ ゅ∠ョ ノ∠ ョ∠ ∩ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ «ユ͡ェゲｚ ャや る͡ バ∠ Β͡トホ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ ͡ ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや (No sin deserves t hat Allah hast en it s punishment in t he worldly life, in addit ion t o what He reserves in t he Hereaft er for t hose who commit it , more t han inj ust ice and severance of t he t ies of kinship.) This was also recorded by Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi, and Ibn Maj ah. At -Tirmidhi said, "This Hadit h is Sahih.'' Imam Ahmad recorded from Thawban, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat Allah's Messenger said,

ヶ͡プ り⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠Αゴあ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ィ ∠ ほ∠∇ャや ヶ͡プ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ジレｚ ャや ロ⊥ ｚゲシ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ヮ∠ヨェ ͡ ケ∠ ∇モダ ͡ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∩͡ベ∇コゲあ ャや (Whoever likes for his life t o be ext ended, and his provision increased, let him connect his t ies of kinship.) Ahmad was alone in recording t his narrat ion, but it has a support ing narrat ion in t he Sahih. Imam Ahmad recorded from ` Abdullah bin ` Amr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat Allah's Messenger said,

モ ⊥タ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ス∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ る∀ ボ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ョ⊥ ユ∠ ェ ͡ ゲｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» ∇ろバ∠ ト ͡ ホ⊥ や∠クま͡ ヵ͡グャｚや モ ⊥タ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや リ ͡ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ ∩͡￢ヴ͡プゅ∠ムヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ «ゅ∠ヰヤ∠タ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ェ ͡ ケ∠ (Verily, t he womb is at t ached t o t he Throne. And connect ing it s t ies does not mean dealing evenly (wit h t he kinsfolk), but it rat her means t hat if one's kinsfolk sever t he t ies, he connect s t hem.) This Hadit h was also recorded by Al-Bukhari. Ahmad also recorded from ` Abdullah bin ` Amr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat Allah's Messenger said,

(る͡ レ∠ ∇イエ ⊥ ミ∠ ∀る∠レ∇イェ ⊥ ) ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ユ⊥ ェ ͡ ｚゲャや ノ⊥ ッ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ» ゅ∠ヰバ∠ ト ∠ ホ∠ ∇リョ∠ ノ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ボわ∠ プ∠ ∩∃ペ͡ャ∠ク ペ ∃ ヤ͡デ ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ジヤ͡よ͡ ユ⊥ ヤｚム∠ ゎ∠ メ ͡ ゴ∠ ∇ピヨ͡ ∇ャや «ゅ∠ヰヤ∠タ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇リョ∠ モ ⊥ダ ͡ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ (The womb will be placed on t he Day of Resurrect ion, curved like a spinning wheel, speaking wit h an eloquent fluent t ongue, calling t o severing whoever had severed it , and j oining whoever had j oined it .) Imam Ahmad recorded from ` Abdullah bin ` Amr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat Allah's Messenger said,

モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ やヲ⊥ヨェ ∠ ∇ケや ∩⊥リヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨェ ͡ やｚゲャや» リ ∠ ョ͡ ∀る∠レ∇イセ ⊥ ユ⊥ ェ ͡ ゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや «ヮ∇わわｚ よ∠ ゅ∠ヰバ∠ ト ∠ ホ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わヤ∠タ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠タ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∩͡リヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや (The merciful ones will be grant ed mercy from t he Most Merciful. Have mercy on t hose on eart h -- t he One above t he heavens will t hen have mercy on you. And Ar-Rahim (t he womb) is from Ar-Rahman, so whoever j oins it , it j oins him; and whoever severs it , it severs him.) Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi bot h recorded t his Hadit h and it has been report ed wit h cont inuous

chains of t ransmission. At -Trimidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.'' There are numerous ot her Hadit hs in t his regard.

- べ∠ヰャ⊥ゅ∠ヘ∇ホぺ∠ ゆ ∃ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲよｚ ギ∠ わ∠ Α∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱぁギゎ∠ ∇ケや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ヲｚ シ ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ Β͡トレ⊥ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ワゲ͡ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ や∠クま͡ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ - ∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ や∠ゲ∇シま͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘやヂ ͡ ∇バよ∠ ヴ͡プ - ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇わｚプヲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ワゲ͡ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや テ ∠ガ ∠ ∇シぺ∠ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚルほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ び ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ テ ∠ ら∠ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ や∠ヲ∇ッケ͡ (24. Will t hey not t hen reflect upon t he Qur'an, or are t here locks upon t heir heart s) (25. Verily, t hose who have t urned back as disbelievers aft er guidance had become clear t o t hem -Shayt an has ent iced t hem and filled t hem wit h false hopes.) (26. That is because t hey said t o t hose who hat e what Allah has sent down: "We will obey you in part of t he mat t er.'' And Allah knows t heir secret s.) (27. Then how (will it be) when t he angels will t ake t heir souls at deat h, st riking t heir faces and t heir backs) (28. That is because t hey followed t hat which angered Allah and hat ed what earns His pleasure, so He rendered t heir deeds wort hless.)

The Command to reflect upon the Qur'an Commanding t he people t o reflect and ponder upon t he Qur'an, and prohibit ing t hem from t urning away from it , Allah says,

び べ∠ヰャ⊥ゅ∠ヘ∇ホぺ∠ ゆ ∃ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲよｚ ギ∠ わ∠ Α∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Will t hey not t hen reflect upon t he Qur'an, or are t here locks upon t heir heart s) means, t here indeed are locks upon some heart s, firmly closing t hem so t hat none of it s meanings can reach t hem. Ibn Jarir recorded from Hisham bin ` Urwah, from his fat her, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat Allah's Messenger once recit ed t his Ayah,

び べ∠ヰャ⊥ゅ∠ヘ∇ホぺ∠ ゆ ∃ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲよｚ ギ∠ わ∠ Α∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ

(Will t hey not t hen reflect upon t he Qur'an, or are t here locks upon t heir heart s) and a young man from Yemen said, "Indeed, t here are locks upon t hem -- unt il Allah opens t hem t ot ally or slight ly.'' Aft er t hat ` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h him, always liked t hat young man, and kept t hat t o himself unt il he became in charge, upon which he ut ilized him (as a consult ant ).

Condemning Apostasy Allah t hen says,

び∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱぁギゎ∠ ∇ケや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who have t urned back) meaning, t hey depart ed from t he fait h and ret urned t o disbelief.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ヲｚ シ ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョぴ (... aft er guidance had become clear t o t hem -- Shayt an has ent iced t hem) meaning he adorned and beaut ified t hat (apost asy) for t hem.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and filled t hem wit h false hopes.) meaning, he t empt ed t hem, and deceived t hem.

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ワゲ͡ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ び͡ゲ∇ョΙ ｘやヂ ͡ ∇バよ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ Β͡トレ⊥ シ ∠ (That is because t hey said t o t hose who hat e what Allah sent down: "We will obey your in part of t he mat t er.'') means, t hey plot t ed secret ly wit h t hem and gave t hem evil advice -- as is t he common pract ice of t he hypocrit es who declare t he opposit e of what t hey conceal. Because of t his, Allah says,

び∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ や∠ゲ∇シま͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah knows t heir secret s. ) what ever t hey hide and conceal, Allah is well-acquaint ed wit h it and He knows it . This is similar t o His saying,

び∠ラヲ⊥わあΒら∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ ょ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (...And Allah records all t hat t hey plot by night .) (4:81) Allah t hen says,

∇ユヰ⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇わｚプヲ∠ ゎ∠ や∠クま͡ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ぴ び ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ (How (will it be) when t he angels will t ake t heir souls at deat h, st riking t heir faces and t heir backs) That is, how t heir sit uat ion will be when t he angels come t o t ake t heir lives, and t heir souls cling t o t heir bodies, causing t he angels t o ext ract t hem by force, harshness, and beat ing. This is similar t o Allah's saying,

る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇クま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ (If you could but see when t he angels t ake away t he lives of t he disbelievers, st riking t heir faces and t heir backs.) (8:50) And His saying,

れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや れ ͡ や∠ゲヨ∠ ビ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ク͡ ま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥トシ ͡ ゅ∠よ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (If you could but see when t he wrongdoers are in t he agonies of deat h, while t he angels ext end t heir hands) (6:93). meaning, t o beat t hem.

ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ヰ∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ぴ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ び∠ラヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ((saying): "Deliver your souls! This day you will be recompensed wit h t he t orment of degradat ion because of what you used t o ut t er against Allah ot her t han t he t rut h, and because you used t o arrogant ly rej ect His signs.'') (6:93) Because of t he above, Allah says,

∇やヲ⊥ワゲ͡ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや テ ∠ガ ∠ ∇シぺ∠ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚルほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ び ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ テ ∠ ら∠ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ や∠ヲ∇ッケ͡ (That is because t hey pursued what angered Allah and disliked what earns His pleasure, so He rendered t heir deeds wort hless.)

ァ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ リｚャ ラ∠ぺ ∀チ∠ゲョｚ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ∠ ジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ ユ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇プゲ∠ バ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ム∠ ⇒∠レ∇Αケ∠ Ε ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ピ∇ッぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ ∇エャ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ プ∠ ゲ͡ ∇バわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΒ͡ジよ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らレ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ び ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ら∇カぺ∠ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らル∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ (29. Or do t hose in whose heart s is a disease, t hink t hat Allah will not expose t heir ill--wills) (30. Had We so willed, We could have shown t hem clearly t o you, so t hat you would know t hem by t heir marks; but you will know t hem by t he t one of t heir speech! And Allah knows (all) your deeds.) (31. And We will surely, t ry you unt il We know t hose who st rive among you and t he pat ient , and We will put t o a t est all your affairs.)

Exposing the Hidden Secret of the Hypocrites Allah says,

ァ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ リｚャ ラ∠ぺ ∀チ∠ゲョｚ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ∠ ジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ び ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ピ∇ッぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (Or do t hose in whose heart s is disease t hink t hat Allah would never expose t heir ill--wills) meaning, do t he hypocrit es t hink t hat Allah will not expose t heir affair t o His believing servant Yes indeed, He will expose t heir affair and manifest it so t hat t hose wit h insight will be able t o underst and it . In t hat regard, Allah revealed Surah Bara'ah (or At -Tawbah), in which He clarified t he hypocrit es' scandals, and pinpoint ed t heir pract ices t hat are indicat ive of t heir hypocrisy. Because of t hat , t his Surah (Surah Bara'ah) is also called "The Exposer''. Adghan is t he plural of Dighn, which means what t he souls harbor of envy and hat red t oward Islam and it s people who support it . Allah t hen says,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΒ͡ジよ͡ ユ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇プゲ∠ バ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ム∠ ⇒∠レ∇Αケ∠ Ε ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Had We so willed, We could have shown t hem clearly t o you, so t hat you would know t hem by t heir marks.) Allah is t elling His Messenger , "Had We willed, O Muhammad, We would have shown you t he specific individuals who are hypocrit es, so t hat you would plainly know t hem.'' However, Allah did not do t hat in regard t o all of t he hypocrit es. He conceals His creat ion, let s t heir affairs run according t o apparent purit y, and leaves t he inner secret s t o t he One Who is well aware of t hem. Allah t hen adds,

び͡メ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ ∇エャ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ プ∠ ゲ͡ ∇バわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(But you will know t hem by t he t one of t heir speech!) which means, ` you will know t hem by t heir speech t hat reveals t heir int ent ions.' A person declares his associat ion t hrough t he cont ext and meaning of his words -- as t he Commander of t he fait hful ` Ut hman bin ` Affan, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "Never would one conceal a secret but Allah will expose it by t he look on his face and t he uncont rolled words of his t ongue.'' Allah t hen says,

びユ⊥ムルｚ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らレ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And We will surely t ry you) meaning, ` We will surely t est you wit h commands and prohibit ions.'

ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らル∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ び∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ら∇カぺ∠ (unt il We know t hose who st rive among you and t he pat ient , and We will put t o a t est all your affairs.) There is absolut ely no doubt t hat Allah's knowledge precedes t he occurrence of all event s. In t his Ayah, "unt il We know'' means ` unt il We know of it s occurrence.' This is why Ibn ` Abbas said in regard t o t his and similar t ext s, "Except so t hat We may know, means, so t hat We may see.''

∇やヲぁホべ∠セヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヱぁギタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ∇やヱぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ リ∠ャ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠Α - ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ テ ⊥ ら͡ ∇エΒ⊥ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤト ͡ ∇らゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヱぁギタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ - ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ - ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∀ケゅｚヘミ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ョ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠∇ハΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ わ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ユ͡ ∇ヤジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レヰ͡ ゎ∠ び ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ わ͡ Α∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ (32. Verily, t hose who disbelieve, and hinder from t he pat h of Allah, and oppose t he Messenger, aft er t he guidance has been clearly shown t o t hem, t hey will not harm Allah in t he least , but He will make t heir deeds fruit less,) (33. O you who believe! Obey Allah, and obey t he Messenger and invalidat e not your deeds.) (34. Verily, t hose who disbelieved and obst ruct ed ot hers from t he pat h of Allah and t hen died as disbelievers -- never will Allah not forgive

t hem.) (35. So do not lose heart and beg for peace while you are superior. Allah is wit h you and He will never deprive you of (t he reward of) your deeds.)

Nullifying the Disbelievers' Deeds and the Command to chase Them Allah t hen informs about t hose who disbelieve, obst ruct ot hers from t he pat h of Allah, oppose t he Messenger and cont end wit h him, and revert from t he fait h aft er guidance has become clear t o t hem. He indicat es t hat t hose people can never harm Allah in t he least , and rat her t hey only harm t hemselves and become losers on t he Day of Resurrect ion. He will nullify t heir deeds. Allah will not reward t hem even t he weight of a mosquit o (i.e., t he smallest t hing) for any good t hat t hey did before t heir apost asy, but would inst ead t ot ally invalidat e and dest roy it . Their apost asy wipes away t heir good deeds ent irely, j ust as t he good deeds would normally wipe away t he evil deeds. Imam Ahmad Ibn Nasr Al-Marwazi report ed in Kit ab As-Salah (t he Book of Prayer) t hat Abu Al-` Aliyah said, "The Prophet 's Companions used t o t hink t hat no sin would harm a person who says ` La ilaha illallah,' j ust as no good deed would benefit a person who j oins part ners wit h Allah. So Allah revealed,

∇やヲ⊥ヤト ͡ ∇らゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ (Obey Allah and obey t he Messenger and do not invalidat e your deeds.) This made t hem fear t hat some sins could nullify t heir deeds.'' It has also been report ed from Ibn ` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat he said, "We, t he Companions of Allah's Messenger , used t o t hink t hat good deeds would all be accept ed, unt il Allah revealed,

∇やヲ⊥ヤト ͡ ∇らゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ (Obey Allah and obey t he Messenger and do not invalidat e your deeds. ) So we asked each ot her: ` What is it t hat can nullify our deeds' So we said, ` The maj or sins, great offenses t hat require admission int o t he Fire and immoral sins.' But t hen Allah revealed,

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ゅ∠ョ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ (Verily, Allah does not forgive j oining part ners wit h Him in worship, but He forgives except t hat t o whom He wills.) (4:48) Aft er t his was revealed, we ceased saying t hat . We t hereaft er cont inued t o fear for t hose who commit t ed great sins and immoral sins and t o have hope for t hose who did not .'' Then, Allah commands His believing servant s t o obey Him and His Messenger , which would result in t heir happiness in t his worldly life and t he Hereaft er. He also prohibit s t hem from apost asy, because t hat would result in t he nullificat ion of t heir deeds. Thus He says,

び∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤト ͡ ∇らゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and do not invalidat e your deeds.) meaning, by apost asy. Thus, Allah says aft er t his,

∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ョ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヱぁギタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∀ケゅｚヘミ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ (Verily, t hose who disbelieved and obst ruct ed ot hers from t he pat h of Allah and t hen died as disbelievers -- never will Allah forgive t hem.) This is similar t o His saying,

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ゅ∠ョ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ (Verily, Allah does not forgive j oining part ners wit h Him in worship, but He forgives except t hat t o whom He wills.) (4:48) Allah t hen addresses His believing servant s by saying,

び∇やヲ⊥レヰ͡ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So do not lose heart ) meaning, do not be weak concerning t he enemies.

び͡ユ∇ヤジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and beg for peace) meaning, compromise, peace, and ending t he fight ing bet ween you and t he disbelievers while you are in a posit ion of power, bot h in great numbers and preparat ions. Thus, Allah says,

び∠ラ∇ヲヤ∠∇ハｘΙや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ユ͡ ∇ヤジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲレ⊥ ヰ͡ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So do not lose heart and beg for peace while you are superior.) meaning, in t he condit ion of your superiorit y over your enemy. If, on t he ot her hand, t he disbelievers are considered more powerful and numerous t han t he Muslims, t hen t he Imam (general commander) may decide t o hold a t reat y if he j udges t hat it ent ails a benefit for t he Muslims. This is like what Allah's Messenger did when t he disbelievers obst ruct ed him from ent ering Makkah and offered him t reat y in which all fight ing would st op bet ween t hem for t en years. Consequent ly, he agreed t o t hat . Allah t hen says:

び∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is wit h you) This cont ains t he good news of vict ory and t riumph over t he enemies.

び∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ わ͡ Α∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (and He will never deprive you of (t he reward of) your deeds.) meaning, Allah will never invalidat e your deeds, nullify t hem, or deprive you of t hem, but rat her He will give you your rewards complet e, wit hout any reduct ion.'' And Allah knows best .

∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ∠ゎ∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ヲ∀ ∇ヰャ∠ヱ∠ ょ ∀ バ͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ ラ͡まぼ - ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ べ∠ワ - ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ピ∇ッぺ∠ ∇ァゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤガ ∠ ∇らゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヘ͡ ∇エΒ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ∇ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ ユ⊥ムレ͡ヨプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥わャ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ギゎ⊥ ￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘルｚ リ∠ハ モ ⊥ガ ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇モガ ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ モ ⊥ガ ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リｚョ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇メギ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ￢⊥ へ∠ゲボ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ヴ ぁ レ͡ ピ∠ ∇ャや び ユ⊥ムヤ∠⇒∠ん∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ (36. This worldly life is only amusement and diversion. And if you believe and have Taqwa of Allah, He will grant you your rewards, and will not ask from you (t o sacrifice all of) your possessions.) (37. If He would demand of you all of it and urge you, you would wit hhold. And He will expose your (secret ) ill--wills.) (38. Here you are now invit ed t o spend in Allah's cause; but among you are t hose who wit hhold (st ingily). And whoever act s st ingily is but st ingy t oward himself. For Allah is indeed free of needs, while you are t he needy. And if you t urn away, He will replace you wit h ot her people; t hen t hey will not be like you.)

Showing the Triviality of the Worldly Life and encouraging Spending Expressing t he insignificance and wort hlessness of t he worldly life, Allah says,

び∀ヲ∇ヰャ∠ヱ∠ ょ ∀ バ͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (This worldly life is only amusement and diversion.) which means t hat such is it s out come, except for t hat which is done for t he sake of Allah. Because of t his, Allah says,

∇ユム⊥ ∇ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠

(And if you believe and have Taqwa of Allah, He will grant you your rewards, and will not ask from you (t o sacrifice all of) your possessions.) meaning, He is in no need of you, and asks you for not hing. He only ordained giving charit y from your wealt h so t hat you would help your needy brot hers. The benefit of t hat would t hen come back t o you, as well as t he rewards. Allah t hen says,

び∇やヲ⊥ヤガ ∠ ∇らゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヘ͡ ∇エΒ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ∇ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ ラ͡まぼぴ (If He would demand of you all of it and urge you, you would wit hhold.) meaning, if He pressures you much, you would become st ingy.

び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ピ∇ッぺ∠ ∇ァゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He will expose your (secret ) ill--wills.) Qat adah said, "Allah knows t hat ext ract ing wealt h (i.e., money from people) brings about ill-wills. '' Indeed, Qat adah has said t he t rut h, because money is dear t o t he people, and t hey do not spend it except in t hings t hat are dearer t o t hem t han it . Allah t hen says,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥わャ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ギゎ⊥ ￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ワぴ びリｚョ ユ⊥ムレ͡ヨプ∠ (Here you are now invit ed t o spend in Allah's cause; but among you are t hose who wit hhold (st ingily).) meaning, t hey refuse t o spend. Allah cont inues,

びリ∠ハ モ ⊥ガ ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ∇モガ ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ モ ⊥ガ ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ぴ (And whoever act s st ingily is but st ingy t oward himself.) meaning, he only reduces his own rewards, and t he bad out come of t hat will come back t o him.

び⊥ヮヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘルｚ ぴ (For Allah is indeed Al-Ghani) Allah is in need of not hing else, whereas everyt hing is ever in need of Him. Thus, Allah says,

び⊥ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ヴ ぁ レ͡ ピ∠ ∇ャやぴ (while you are t he needy.) meaning, specifically of Him. The descript ion of Allah as Al-Ghani (in no need) is a necessary descript ion of Allah; on t he ot her hand, t he descript ion of t he creat ion as Faqr (needy) is a necessary descript ion for t hem t hat t hey cannot avoid. Allah t hen says,

び∇や∇ヲャｚ∠ヲ∠わ∠ゎ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if you t urn away, ) which means, if you t urn away from obeying Him and adhering t o His Laws.

び∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇メギ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ぴ (He will replace you wit h ot her people; t hen t hey will not be like you.) meaning, rat her, t hey will be people who will list en t o Him and obey His commands. kThis concludes t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Qit al. And Allah is wort hy of all praise and grat it ude.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Fath (Chapter - 48) Which was revealed in Al-Madinah Imam Ahmad recorded from ` Abdullah bin Mughaffal, who said t hat Allah's Messenger recit ed Surah Al-Fat h on t he (day) of t he conquest of Makkah, riding on his she-camel. He recit ed it in a vibrat ing and pleasant t one. Mu` awiyah (a subnarrat or) added: "Were I not afraid t hat t he people would crowd around me, I would surely t ry t o imit at e and produce his recit at ion.'' Bot h Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t his Hadit h t hrough Shu` bah.

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ュ∠ ギｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや マ ∠ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ ャあ - ゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁ ゅ⇔エ∇わプ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ マ ∠ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ユｚ わ͡ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ カ ｚ ほ∠ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ら͡ ルク∠ リ͡ョ や⇔ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ダル∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ダ ⊥ レ∠Αヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ゅ⇔デ∠ゲタ ͡ び (1. Verily, We have given you a manifest vict ory.) (2. That Allah may forgive you your sins of t he past and t he fut ure, and complet e His favor on you, and guide you on t he st raight pat h,) (3. And t hat Allah may help you wit h st rong help.)

The Reason behind revealing Surat Al-Fath This honorable Surah was revealed aft er t he Messenger of Allah ret urned from t he area of AlHudaybiyyah, during t he mont h of Dhul-Qa` dah, in t he sixt h year of Hij rah. This is when t he

idolat ors prevent ed him from reaching Al-Masj id Al-Haram t o perform t he ` Umrah he int ended. They st opped t he Prophet from reaching Makkah at t hat t ime, but t hen were prone t o peace negot iat ions. A peace t reat y was conduct ed st ipulat ing t hat t he Messenger would ret urn t his year and t hen come back for ` Umrah t he following year. The Messenger agreed. However, some of t he Companions disliked t hese t erms, including ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab, as we will ment ion in det ail, Allah willing, while explaining t his Surah. Aft er t he Prophet slaught ered his sacrificial animals in t he area where he was st opped and headed back t o Al-Madinah, Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored revealed t his Surah about what occurred bet ween him and t he idolat ors. Allah declared t he Al-Hudaybiyyah peace t reat y a manifest vict ory, because of t he benefit s peace would carry and t he good result s t hat did originat e from it . ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud and ot her Companions said, "You consider t he conquering of Makkah t o be Al-Fat h (t he vict ory), while t o us, Al-Fat h is t he t reat y conduct ed at Al-Hメudaybiyyah.'' Jabir (bin ` Abdullah) said, "We only considered Al-Fat h t o be t he day of Hメudaybiyyah!'' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat AlBara' (bin ` Azib) said, "You consider Al-Fat h t o be t he conquest of Makkah, which was indeed a vict ory. However, we consider Al-Fat h t o be t he pledge of Ar-Ridwan on t he Day of AlHudaybiyyah. Then, we were fourt een hundred wit h t he Messenger of Allah . Al-Hudaybiyyah had a well, whose wat er we consumed, not leaving a drop of wat er in it . When t he news of what happened reached t he Messenger of Allah , he came t owards us and sat on t he edge of t he well. Then he asked t o be brought a bucket of wat er and used it for ablut ion. He next rinsed his mout h, invoked Allah and poured t hat wat er int o t he well. Soon aft er, t hat well provided us, as well as our animals, wit h sufficient wat er, in what ever amount of wat er we wished. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said, "We were wit h t he Messenger of Allah on a t rip, and I asked him about a mat t er t hree t imes, but he did not answer me. So I said t o myself, ` May your mot her lose you, O son of Al-Khat t ab! You were st ubborn in repeat ing your quest ion t hree t imes t o t he Messenger of Allah ; each t ime he did not respond t o you.' So I mount ed my animal, my camel, and went ahead for fear t hat a part of t he Qur'an might be revealed in my case. Suddenly, I heard a caller calling, ` O ` Umar!' So, I went t o t he Messenger while fearing t hat part of t he Qur'an was revealed about me. The Prophet said,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ヶ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ょ ぁ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ∀り∠ケヲ⊥シ る∠ ェ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ら∇ャや ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ » :ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ュ∠ ギｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや マ ∠ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ ャあ ゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁ ゅ⇔エ∇わプ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ «び∠ゲカ ｚ ほ∠ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ マ ∠ ら͡ ル∠ク リ͡ョ (Last night , a Surah was revealed t o me t hat is dearer t o me t han t his life and all t hat it cont ains: (Verily, We have given you a manifest vict ory. That Allah may forgive you your sins of t he past and t he fut ure.)) Al-Bukhari, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i collect ed t his Hadit h from several chains of narrat ion t hrough Malik, may Allah grant him His mercy. ` Ali bin Al-Madini comment ed, "This is a good chain of narrat ion consist ing of t he scholars of Al-Madinah.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said, "This Ayah was revealed t o t he Prophet ,

び∠ゲカ ｚ ほ∠ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ら͡ ル∠ク リ͡ョ ュ∠ ギｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや マ ∠ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ ャあぴ (That Allah may forgive you your sins of t he past and t he fut ure,) on his ret urn from AlHudaybiyyah. The Prophet said,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅヨｚ ョ͡ ヶ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ょ ぁ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∀る∠Αへ る∠ ヤ∠∇Βヤｚャや ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろャ∠ゴ͡ ∇ルぺ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠» «チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや (Tonight , an Ayah, t hat is dearer t o me t han all t hat t he eart h carries, was revealed t o me.) The Prophet recit ed t he Ayah t o t hem. They said, ` Congrat ulat ions, O Allah's Messenger! Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored has st at ed what He will do wit h you. So what will He do wit h us' These Ayat were revealed t o t he Prophet ,

リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ ャあぴ び⊥ゲ⇒∠ヰ∇ルｘΙや ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ (That He may admit t he believing men and t he believing women t o Gardens under which rivers flow. ..), unt il,

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔コ∇ヲプ∠ ぴ (...a supreme success.)'' This Hadit h is recorded in t he Two Sahihs. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Al-Mughirah bin Shu` bah said, "The Prophet used t o pray unt il bot h his feet were swollen. He was asked, ` Has not Allah forgiven you all your sins of t he past and of fut ure' He said,

«∨や⇔ケヲ⊥ムセ ∠ や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ぺ∠» (Should I not be a t hankful servant )'' The t wo collect ors of t he Sahihs collect ed t his Hadit h, as well as, t he rest of t he Group, except Abu Dawud. Allah's st at ement ,

び ゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁ ゅ⇔エ∇わプ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We have given you a manifest vict ory.) means, clear and apparent vict ory. This Ayah is about t he t reat y at Al-Hudaybiyyah, which result ed in great goodness, including people embracing Islam in large crowds and having t he chance t o meet each ot her openly. During t hat t ime, t he believers preached t o t he idolat ors and t hus beneficial knowledge and fait h spread all around. Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ゲカ ｚ ほ∠ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ら͡ ル∠ク リ͡ョ ュ∠ ギｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや マ ∠ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ ャあぴ (That Allah may forgive you your sins of t he past and t he fut ure, ) cont ains one of t he special virt ues of t he Messenger , and no one else shares t his honor wit h him. There is not an aut hent ic Hadit h t hat st at es t hat any person ot her t han t he Messenger earned forgiveness for all of his sins of t he past and fut ure on account of performing good deeds. This, indeed, is a great honor for t he Messenger of Allah , who fulfilled t he requirement s of Allah's obedience, right eousness and st raight ness at a level never surpassed by a human being in past generat ions, nor will it

ever be surpassed in t he generat ions t o come. Muhammad is t he perfect human being and t he leader and chief of all mankind in t his life and t he Hereaft er. And since he was, and will always be, t he most obedient of Allah's creat ion t o Him and t he most honoring of Allah's commands and prohibit ions, he said when his she- camel insist ed on kneeling down,

«モΒ͡ヘ∇ャや ザ ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ェ ゅヰ∠ジら∠ ェ ∠» (He Who st opped t he elephant , has st opped her t oo.) The Prophet t hen declared,

ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ヶあルヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» «ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ∇らィ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ぶ ͡ やれ ͡ ゅ∠ョゲ⊥ ェ ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヌ あ バ∠ Α⊥ (By t he Name of Him in Whose Hand my soul is, t his day, if t hey ask me anyt hing which will respect t he ordinances of Allah, I will grant it t o t hem.) And when t he Messenger obeyed Allah and accept ed t he peace offer from t he Quraysh, Allah t he Exalt ed said t o him,

ュ∠ ギｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや マ ∠ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ ャあ ゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁ ゅ⇔エ∇わプ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ び∠マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ユｚ わ͡ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ カ ｚ ほ∠ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ マ ∠ ら͡ ル∠ク リ͡ョ (Verily, We have given you a manifest vict ory. That Allah may forgive you your sins of t he past and t he fut ure, and complet e His favor on you,) in t his life and t he Hereaft er,

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ゅ⇔デ∠ゲタ ͡ マ ∠ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and guide you on t he st raight pat h,) wit h t he glorious legislat ion and t he st raight religion t hat He ordains on you,

び や⇔ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ダル∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ダ ⊥ レ∠Αヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat Allah may help you wit h st rong help.) due t o your obedience of t he orders of Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored; Allah will elevat e your st at us and give you vict ory above your enemies. An aut hent ic Hadit h st at es,

ノ∠ ッ ∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ .や６ゴハ ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ヲ∃ ∇ヘバ∠ よ͡ や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や キ∠ や∠コ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ » «ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ バ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚャま͡ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ (No servant pardons but Allah grant s him honor, and none humbles himself for Allah except t hat Allah t he exalt ed and sublime raises him (in rank).) ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said, "You will

never punish someone who disobeyed Allah wit h you bet t er t han obeying Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored wit h him.''

リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ る∠ レ∠ Β͡ムジ ｚ ャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや キ⊥ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ノ∠ ョｚ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇やヱ⊥キや∠キ∇ゴΒ∠ ャ͡ モ ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ ャあ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゲ∠ ヘあ ム∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘや リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ グあ バ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔コ∇ヲプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ ∠ Βあルべｚヌャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ͡ろ⇒∠ボ͡ヘ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ツ ͡ ビ ∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ ∇ヲジ ｚ ャや り⊥ ゲ∠ も͡ へ∠キ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ￢͡ ∇ヲジ ｚ ャや リ ｚニ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠シヱ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや キ⊥ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ダョ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ や⇔ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (4. He it is Who sent down As-Sakinah int o t he heart s of t he believers, t hat t hey may grow more in fait h along wit h t heir fait h. And t o Allah belong t he armies of t he heavens and t he eart h, and Allah is Ever All-Knower, All-Wise.) (5. That He may admit t he believing men and t he believing women t o Gardens under which rivers flow t o abide t herein forever, and He may expiat e from t hem t heir sins; and t hat is wit h Allah supreme success,) (6. And t hat He may punish t he hypocrit es men and women, and also t he idolat ors men and women, who t hink evil t hought s about Allah, for t hem is a disgraceful t orment . And t he anger of Allah is upon t hem, and He has cursed t hem and prepared Hell for t hem and worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion.) (7. And t o Allah belong t he armies of t he heavens and t he eart h. And Allah is Ever All-Powerful, All-Wise.)

Allah sent down the Sakinah into the Hearts of the Believers Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∠るレ∠ Β͡ムジ ｚ ャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He it is Who sent down As-Sakinah), meaning, t ranquilit y. Qat adah comment ed, "Grace int o t he heart s of t he believers'', t hat is, t he Companions, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem, on t he Day of Al-Hudaybiyyah. The companions were t hey, who accept ed t he call of Allah and His Messenger and obeyed t he decisions of Allah and His Messenger . When t heir heart s felt cont ent wit h accept ance and were at peace, Allah increased t heir fait h, j oining it t o t he fait h t hey already had. Al-Bukhari, and ot her Imams, relied on t his Ayah as proof t hat fait h increases and decreases in t he heart s. Allah t he Exalt ed said next t hat had He willed, He would have inflict ed defeat on t he disbelievers, Allah says;

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや キ⊥ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t o Allah belong t he armies of t he heavens and t he eart h) and had He willed t o send only one angel t o t hem, t hat angel would have brought dest ruct ion t o all what t hey had. However, Allah t he Exalt ed willed Jihad and fight ing t o be est ablished for, and by, t he believers for great wisdom, clear reasons and unequivocal evidences t hat He had in all t his. This is why Allah t he Great said next ,

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and Allah is Ever All-Knower, All-Wise.) Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ ャあぴ びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ (That He may admit t he believing men and t he believing women t o Gardens under which rivers flow t o abide t herein forever,) We ment ioned t he Hadit h t hat Anas narrat ed in which t he Companions said, "Congrat ulat ions, O Allah's Messenger! This good news is for you, so what good news do we have'' Allah t he Exalt ed sent down t his Ayah,

リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ ャあぴ びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ (That He may admit t he believing men and t he believing women t o Gardens under which rivers flow t o abide t herein forever,) meaning t hey will remain in Paradise forever,

び∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゲ∠ ヘあ ム∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and He may expiat e from t hem t heir sins;) Allah will not punish t hem for t heir errors and mist akes. Rat her, He will forgive, absolve and pardon t hem and cover t he errors, grant mercy and appreciat e,

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔コ∇ヲプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat is wit h Allah supreme success.) Allah t he Exalt ed said in a similar Ayah,

び∠コゅ∠プ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ͡ ∇キぺ⊥ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゴ͡ ∇ェコ⊥ リ∠ヨ∠プぴ (And whoever is removed away from t he Fire and admit t ed t o Paradise, he indeed is successful.) (3:185) Allah said,

リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ グあ バ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡￢∇ヲジ ｚ ャや リ ｚニ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ∠ Βあルべｚヌャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ (And t hat He may punish t he hypocrit es, men and women, and also t he idolat ors, men and women, who t hink evil t hought s about Allah,) who quest ion t he wisdom in Allah's decisions and t hink t hat t he Messenger and his Companions, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem, might be killed and ext erminat ed. This is why Allah t he Exalt ed said,

∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ∠ ツ ͡ ビ ∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ ∇ヲジ ｚ ャや り⊥ ゲ∠ も͡ へ∠キ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ (for t hem is a disgraceful t orment . And t he anger of Allah is upon t hem, and He has cursed t hem) He has cast t hem away from His mercy,

び⇔やゲΒ͡ダョ∠ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠シヱ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and prepared Hell for t hem -- and worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion.) Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored assert ed His abilit y t o t ake revenge from t he enemies of Islam and all disbelievers and hypocrit es,

ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや キ⊥ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ や⇔ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ (And t o Allah belong t he armies of t he heavens and t he eart h. And Allah is Ever All-Powerful, All-Wise.)

∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽわ⊥ ャあ - や⇔ゲΑ͡グル∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲあゼら∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ギ͡ヰ⇒∠セ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べｚルま͡ぴ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥エらあ ジ ∠ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲホあ ヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ケゴあ バ∠ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΑ͡ ゅ∠らΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥バΑ͡ ゅ∠らΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ - Κ ⇔ Β͡タぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ ゑ ⊥ ム⊥ レ∠Α ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ゑ ∠ ム∠ ルｚ リ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ Α∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ギ∠ ヰ∠ ⇒∠ハ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ヴ∠プ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽΒ⊥ ジ ∠ プ∠ (8. Verily, We have sent you as a wit ness, as a bearer of glad t idings, and as a warner.) (9. In order t hat you (O mankind) may believe in Allah and His Messenger and t hat you Tu` azziruh and Tuwaqqiruh, and Tusabbihuh Bukrah and Asila.) (10. Verily, t hose who give pledge t o you, t hey are giving pledge t o Allah. The Hand of Allah is over t heir hands. Then whosoever breaks his pledge, breaks it only t o his own harm; and whosoever fulfills what he has t he covenant s he makes wit h Allah, He will best ow on him a great reward.)

Qualities of the Messenger of Allah Allah t he Exalt ed says t o His Prophet , Muhammad ,

び⇔やギ͡ワゅ∠セ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We have sent you as a wit ness,) of t he creat ion,

び⇔やゲあゼら∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (as a bearer of glad t idings,) t o t he believers,

びや⇔ゲΑ͡グル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and as a warner.) t o t he disbelievers. We explained t hese meanings in t he Tafsir of Surat AlAhzab. Allah said,

び⊥ロヱ⊥ケあゴバ∠ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽわ⊥ ャあぴ (In order t hat you may believe in Allah and His Messenger, and t hat you Tu` azziruh) or you honor him, according t o ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas and several ot hers,

び⊥ロヱ⊥ゲあホヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and Tuwaqqiruh), where Tawqir means, respect , honor and high regard,

び⊥ロヲ⊥エあらジ ∠ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat you Tusabbihuh), glorify Allah's praises,

び⇔ΚΒ͡タぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ ぴ (Bukrah and Asila), t he early and lat e part of t he day.

The Pledge of Ar-Ridwan Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored honors, regards and praises His Messenger by saying,

び∠ヮヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΑ͡ ゅ∠らΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥バΑ͡ ゅ∠らΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who give pledge t o you, t hey are giving pledge t o Allah.) Allah t he Exalt ed and Most High said in anot her Ayah,

び∠ヮヤｚャや ネ ∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ノ͡ ト ͡ Α⊥ ∇リョｚ ぴ (He who obeys t he Messenger, has indeed obeyed Allah.) (4:80) Allah said, next ,

び∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ Α∠ ぴ (The Hand of Allah is over t heir hands.) meaning, He is wit h t hem, hearing t heir st at ement s and wit nessing t heir st and, having full knowledge of t hem inwardly and out wardly. Therefore, Allah t he Exalt ed was indeed t aking t he pledge from t hem t hrough His Messenger ,

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇セや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ャ∂や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ モ ͡ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱ り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ６ボェ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や⇔ギ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠

∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠プ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ や￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ び ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠よ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ バ͡ ∇Βら∠ よ͡ (Verily, Allah has purchased of t he believers t heir lives and t heir propert ies for which t heirs shall be t he Paradise. They fight in Allah's cause, so t hey kill and are killed. It is a promise in t rut h, binding on Him in t he Tawrah and t he Inj il and t he Qur'an. And who is t ruer t o his covenant t han Allah Then rej oice in t he bargain you have concluded. That is t he supreme success.)(9:111) Allah said,

や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽΒ⊥ ジ ∠ プ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ギ∠ ヰ∠ ⇒∠ハ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヴ∠プ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ (...and whosoever fulfills what t he covenant s he makes wit h Allah, He will best ow on him a great reward.) a generous reward. The pledge ment ioned here is t he pledge of Ar-Ridwan which was pledged under a t ree, a Samurah, in t he area of Al-Hudaybiyyah. The number of t he Companions who gave t heir pledge t o Allah's Messenger at t hat t ime was eit her 1,300, 1,400 or 1,500. However, 1,400 is t he bet t er choice.

Hadiths about the Pledge at Al-Hudaybiyyah Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "We numbered one t housand and four hundred on t he day of Hudaybiyyah.'' Muslim also collect ed t his Hadit h. The Two Sahihs recorded t hat Jabir said; "We numbered one t housand and four hundred at t hat t ime. The Messenger placed his hand in t he wat er and it st art ed gushing fort h from bet ween his fingers unt il everyone had quenched t heir t hirst .'' This is a short form of t he st ory. Anot her narrat ion of it ment ioned t hat t he Companions became t hirst y on t he day of AlHudaybiyyah and t he Messenger of Allah gave t hem an arrow from his quiver. They t ook t he arrow, placed it in t he well of Al-Hudaybiyyah and t he wat er gushed out unt il t hey all sat isfied t heir t hirst . Jabir was asked how many of t hem t here were on t hat day and he said, "We were one t housand and four hundred. And had we been a hundred t housand, t hat wat er would st ill have been sufficient t o sat isfy us all.'' In anot her narrat ion collect ed in t he Two Sahihs, Jabir bin ` Abdullah said t hat t hey were one t housand and five hundred at t he t ime. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib was asked by Qat adah, "How many were present for t he pledge of Ar-Ridwan'' Sa` id said, "One t housand and five hundred.'' Qat adah posed, "Jabir bin ` Abdullah, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem bot h, said t hat t hey were one t housand and four hundred.'' Sa` id said, "He forgot . He t old me t hat t hey were one t housand and five hundred.'' However, Al-Bayhaqi comment ed, "This narrat ion t est ifies t hat Jabir used t o st at e t hat t hey were one t housand and five hundred, but lat er on remembered t he t rue number and said t hat t hey were one t housand and four hundred.''

The Reason behind conducting the Pledge of Ar-Ridwan Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar said in his book on Sirah: "The Messenger of Allah beckoned ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab in order t o send him t o Makkah, so t hat he could inform t he chiefs of

Quraysh of t he Prophet 's int ent (t o perform ` Umrah at Makkah). ` Umar said, ` O Allah's Messenger! I fear t he Quraysh for my being. There are no longer any chiefs from t he t ribe of Bani ` Adi bin Ka` b remaining in Makkah who would prot ect me, in addit ion, t he Quraysh know my enmit y and harshness against t hem. However, I could t ell you about a man who is might ier t han I in Makkah: ` Ut hman bin ` Affan. We should send him t o Abu Sufyan and t he chiefs of t he Quraysh informing t hem t hat you did not come t o fight t hem, but t o visit t his House and t o honor it s holiness.' ` Ut hman left t o Makkah. He met Aban bin Sa` id bin Al-` As upon ent ering Makkah or j ust before t hat . As a result , Aban t ook ` Ut hman wit h him and ext ended his prot ect ion t o him so he could deliver t he message of Allah's Messenger . ` Ut hman indeed went t o Abu Sufyan and t he chiefs of Quraysh and impart ed t he Prophet 's message t hat he was sent wit h. When ` Ut hman finished delivering t he Prophet 's message t o t hem t hey said t o him, ` If you wish, you can perform Tawaf around t he House.' ` Ut hman replied, ` I would not do t hat before t he Messenger of Allah get s t he chance t o perform Tawaf around it .' So t he Quraysh kept ` Ut hman wait ing in Makkah. However, t he Messenger of Allah and t he Muslims were t old t hat ` Ut hman had been killed.'' Ibn Ishaq cont inued, "I was t old by ` Abdullah bin Abu Bakr t hat when news of ` Ut hman's deat h was conveyed t o him, t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ュ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ゴ∠ ィ ͡ ゅ∠レル⊥ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ゥ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇らル∠ ゅ∠ャ» (We will not leave unt il we fight t he people.)'' Ibn Ishaq cont inued, "The Messenger of Allah called t he Muslims t o give a pledge of allegiance, result ing in t he pledge of Ar-Ridwan being conduct ed under t he t ree. Lat er, people used t o say t hat t he Messenger of Allah t ook t he pledge from t hem t o die. However, Jabir bin ` Abdullah said, ` The Messenger of Allah did not ask us t o give a pledge t o die (or be vict orious), but t hat we would not run away (from bat t le).' The Muslims gave t heir pledge and none among t hem held back from giving it , except Al-Jadd bin Qays from t he t ribe of Bani Salamah. Jabir used t o say aft erwards, ` By Allah, it is as if I am looking at him now next t o t he shoulder of his camel t aking refuge behind it , so t hat t he people did not see him.' Soon aft erwards, news came t o t he Messenger of Allah t hat t he st ory of ` Ut hman's deat h was not t rue.'' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Nafi` said, "People said t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar embraced Islam before ` Umar, but t his is not t rue. What happened is t hat on t he Day of Hudaybiyyah, ` Umar sent ` Abdullah t o bring his horse t hat he kept wit h a man from AlAnsar, so he could use it t o fight . The Messenger of Allah was t hen t aking t he pledge from t he Muslims under t he t ree while ` Umar was unaware. So, ` Abdullah conduct ed his pledge and fet ched t he horse and brought it t o ` Umar, who was wearing his armor in preparat ion for bat t le. ` Abdullah t old ` Umar t hat t he Messenger of Allah was accept ing t he pledge under t he t ree. ` Umar proceeded wit h ` Abdullah and gave his pledge t o t he Messenger of Allah . This is why some people t hought t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar embraced Islam before ` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem bot h.'' Al-Bukhari also recorded Ibn ` Umar saying t hat , t he people who were wit h t he Messenger of Allah scat t ered under t he shade of t rees. Suddenly, t he people gat hered around t he Prophet and ` Umar said, "O ` Abdullah! Invest igat e why t he people are gat hering around Allah's Messenger.'' Ibn ` Umar found t he people giving t heir pledge. He gave his pledge, t hen went back and t old ` Umar, who also went and gave his pledge. In a Hadit h collect ed by Muslim, Jabir bin ` Abdullah said, "On t he day of Al-Hudaybiyyah, we were one t housand and four hundred. We gave t he pledge of allegiance t o t he Prophet while ` Umar was holding t he Prophet 's hand under t he t ree, which was a Samurah (a kind of t horny t ree). We gave t he pledge t o him not t o run away (from bat t le). We did not give t he pledge t o die.'' Muslim recorded t hat Ma` qil bin Yasar, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "On t he day of t he Tree, while t he Prophet was t aking t he pledge from t he people, I was holding a branch of t hat t ree away from his head. We were fourt een hundred. We did not give him our pledge t o die, but gave t he pledge not t o run from bat t le.'' However, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Salamah bin AlAkwa` , may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "I gave t he pledge t o t he Messenger of Allah under t he t ree.'' Yazid asked him, "O Abu Maslamah, t o what did you pledge at t hat t ime'' Salamah said, "To die!'' Al-Bukhari also collect ed a Hadit h from Salamah bin Al-Akwa` t hat he said, "I

gave my pledge t o t he Messenger of Allah on t he day of Hudaybiyyah. I st ood t o t he side and t he Messenger said,

«∨⊥ノΑ͡ ゅ∠らゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠Α» (Why not give t he pledge, O Salamah) and I said, ` I did.' He said,

«ノ͡Αゅ∠らプ∠ ∇モら͡ ∇ホぺ∠» (Come and give pledge). I went close t o him and gave him my pledge.''' Salamah was asked, "What was t he pledge t hat you gave t hen, O Salamah'' Salamah said, "To die.'' Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h as well, while Al-Bukhari collect ed from ` Abbad bin Tamim t hat t he pledge t hey gave was t o die. Al-Bayhaqi recorded t hat Salamah bin Al-Akwa` , may Allah be pleased wit h him said, "We went t o Al-Hudaybiyyah wit h t he Messenger of Allah , and we numbered fourt een hundred at t hat t ime. We reached t he well and found around fift y sheep drinking from it , but it s wat er was barely sufficient for t hem. The Messenger of Allah sat on it s rim, invoked Allah and spat in t he well and it s wat er gushed out . We made our animals drink from it and also drank from it . Next , t he Messenger of Allah called t he people t o give t he pledge when he was under t he t ree, and I was among t he first t o give t he pledge t o him. The remaining people t hen st art ed giving t he pledge. When about half t he people have given t he pledge, t he Messenger said t o me,

«る∠ヨヤ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠Α ヶ͡レ∇バΑ͡ ゅ∠よ» (Give me t he pledge, O Salamah!) I said, ` O Allah's Messenger! I have already pledged my pledge in t he first group of people.' He said,

«ゅ⇔ツ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ » (Do it again.) So I pledged my pledge again. He also saw t hat I was not wearing any armor and gave me some. He went on accept ing t he pledge from t he people. When t hey were about t o finish, he said,

«∨⊥るヨ∠ ヤ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠Α ノ⊥ ⇒⇒⇒͡Αゅ∠らゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» (Will you not give me your pledge, O Salamah!) I said, ` O Allah's Messenger! I have given you t he pledge in t he beginning and t he middle. ' He said,

«ゅ⇔ツ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ » (Do it again,) I gave him my pledge for a t hird t ime. The Messenger of Allah asked me,

ヶ͡わャｚや マ ∠ わ⊥ ホ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ マ ∠ わ⊥ ヘ∠ イ ∠ェ ∠ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠Α» «∨∠マわ⊥ ∇Βト ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ (Where is t he armor t hat I gave you O Salamah) I said, ` O Allah's Messenger! ` Amir met me and I found t hat he did not have a shield, so I gave it t o him.' The Messenger of Allah laughed and said t o me,

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ⇔らΒ͡らェ ∠ ヶ͡レピ͡ ∇よぺ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや メ ⊥ ｚヱほ∠∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヵ͡グャｚゅ∠ミ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡» «ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ∇リョ͡ ヶ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ょ ぁ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ (You are j ust like t he man of old t imes who said, ` O Allah! Give me a dear person who is dearer t o me t han myself!') Then t he idolat ors of Makkah sent a delegat ion asking for a peace t reat y, and we agreed t o make peace. I used t o work for Talhah bin ` Ubaydullah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, by providing wat er for his horse. For t aking care of it , Talhah gave me a port ion of his food. I had left my family and wealt h and migrat ed t o Allah and His Messenger (so I was poor). Aft er t he people of Makkah and us conduct ed peace and were freely mingling wit h each ot her, I went by a t ree, removed it s t horny branches and rest ed under it s shade. Four of t he idolat ors of Makkah st ood close t o me and st art ed ment ioning t he Messenger of Allah in an improper way and I hat ed being close t o t hem. So, I moved under t he shade of anot her t ree. They hanged t heir weapons and rest ed under it . Meanwhile, a caller shout ed t hese words from t he bot t om of t he valley, ` O Emigrant s! Ibn Zunaym was killed,' so I held my sword and went aft er t he four idolat ors. They were asleep, so I t ook possession of t heir weapons and held t hem in my hand, saying, ` By He Who has honored t he face of Muhammad , if any one of you raises his head, I will st rike t hat which holds his eyes!' I brought t hem t o t he Messenger of Allah , while my uncle ` Amir brought anot her man, an idolat or, whose name was Mikraz, and I and my uncle brought t he men t o t he Messenger of Allah . The number of capt ured idolat ors swelled t o sevent y. The Messenger of Allah looked at t hem and said,

«ロゅ∠レを͡ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ヲ⊥イヘ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⊥ ∇ギよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハキ∠ » (Let t hem go, for t heirs will be t he init iat ion of host ilit ies and it s burden.) The Messenger of Allah forgave t hem and Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

ユ⊥ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ブ ｚ ミ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ニぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ る∠ ムｚ ョ∠ リ ͡ ∇トら∠ よ͡ (And He it is Who has wit hheld t heir hands from you and your hands from t hem in t he midst of Makkah, aft er He had made you vict ors over t hem.)ぴ48:24び'' Muslim collect ed a narrat ion t hat is t he same or similar. The Two Sahihs recorded t hat Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib said, "My fat her was among t hose who gave t he pledge t o t he Messenger of Allah under t he t ree. He said, ` In t he following year, we went for Haj j and we could not find t he t ree.' Therefore, if you know where t hat t ree is, t hen you have more knowledge!'' Abu Bakr Al-Humaydi recorded t hat Jabir said,

"When t he Messenger of Allah called t he people t o t he pledge, we found a man from our t ribe whose name is Al-Jadd bin Qays, hiding under t he shoulder of his camel.'' Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h. Al-Humaydi also recorded t hat ` Amr said t hat he heard Jabir say, "On t he day of Hメudaybiyyah, we were one t housand and four hundred and t he Messenger of Allah said t o us,

«ュ∇ヲ∠Β∇ャや チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠» (Today, you are t he best people on t he eart h.)'' Jabir went on saying, "If I st ill had my sight , I would have shown you t he t ree.'' Sufyan comment ed t hat t he Companions lat er on differed over t he locat ion of t he t ree of Al-Hudaybiyyah; t he Two Sahihs collect ed t his st at ement from him. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jabir said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«り∠ゲイ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ノ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠よ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» (None among t hose who gave t he pledge under t he t ree shall ent er Hellfire.) ` Abdullah bin Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jabir said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ぁテエ ∠ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ケ͡ や∠ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや る∠ Βｚ レ͡ を∠ る∠ Βｚ レ͡ んｚ ャや ギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «モΒ͡もや∠ゲ∇シま͡ ヶ͡レよ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ｚテェ ⊥ (He who ascends Thaniyyah (i.e. a mount ainous pass), t he Thaniyyah of Al-Murar, will have as much of his sins relieved for him as t he sins t hat were relieved from t he Children of Israel.) The first t o ascend t hat hill were t he horsemen of (t he Ansar t ribe of) Banu Al-Khazraj , t hen t he Muslims followed suit . The Prophet said,

«ゲ∠ヨ∇ェ∠ほ∇ャや モ ͡ ヨ∠ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ケ∀ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ピョ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ » (All of you will be forgiven, except t he owner of t he red camel.) We said t o him, "Come, let t he Messenger of Allah invoke Allah t o forgive you,'' but he said, "By Allah! Finding my lost camel is dearer t o me t han having your companion invoke Allah t o forgive me. '' That man was only looking for his lost camel. Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h from Ubaydullah (from Jabir). Muslim also recorded t hat Abu Az-Zubayr heard Jabir say, "Umm Mubashshir t old me t hat she heard t he Messenger of Allah saying, while he was wit h Hafsah,

ゆ ͡ ゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ∇ラま͡ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ギ∠ェぺ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰわ∠ ∇エゎ∠ やヲ⊥バΑ∠ ゅ∠よ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや り͡ ゲ∠ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや (Allah willing, none of t he Companions of t he t ree, who gave t he pledge under it , will ever ent er Hellfire.) She said, ` No, O Allah's Messenger.' The Prophet rebuked her but Hafsah said,

びゅ∠ワキ⊥ ケ͡ や∠ヱ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ

(There is not one of you but will pass over it (Hell))(19:71) but t he Prophet responded,

:ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ギホ∠ » ゅ⇔Β∂ ん͡ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ケ⊥ グ∠ ル∠ ヱｚ ∇やヲ∠ボゎｚや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴあイレ∠ ル⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ «び (Allah t he Exalt ed said next , (Then We shall save t hose who had Taqwa and We shall leave t he wrongdoers t herein on t heir knees.))(19:71)'' Muslim also narrat ed t hat Jabir said, "A slave of Hat ib bin Abi Balt a` ah came t o t he Messenger complaining against Hat ib and saying, ` O Allah's Messenger! Hat ib shall surely ent er Hell.' The Messenger of Allah replied,

«るｚΒら͡ ∇Αギ∠ エ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ や⇔ケ∇ギよ∠ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ろ ∠ ∇よグ∠ ミ∠ » (You lie, he shall never ent er t he Fire; he part icipat ed in Badr and Al-Hudaybiyyah.) This is why Allah t he Exalt ed said while praising t hese Companions,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ Α∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΑ͡ ゅ∠らΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥バΑ͡ ゅ∠らΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゑ ⊥ ム⊥ レ∠Α ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ゑ ∠ ム∠ ルｚ リ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽΒ⊥ ジ ∠ プ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ギ∠ ヰ∠ ⇒∠ハ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヴ∠プ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ (Verily, t hose who give pledge t o you, t hey are giving pledge t o Allah. The Hand of Allah is over t heir hands. Then whosoever breaks his pledge, breaks it only t o his own harm; and whosoever fulfills what ever covenant he has made wit h Allah, He will best ow on him a great reward.) Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said in anot her Ayah,

びJAWAD CHECK THIS AYAHぴ (Indeed, Allah was pleased wit h t he believers when t hey gave t he pledge t o you under t he t ree, He knew what was in t heir heart s, and He sent down t ranquillit y upon t hem, and He rewarded t hem wit h a near vict ory.) (48:18)

べ∠レ∇わヤ∠ピ∠ セ ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠ゲ∇ハｘΙや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤｚガ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ シ ∠ぴ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャほ∠よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠

ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇モよ∠ ゅ⇔バ∇ヘル∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ッ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ょ ∠ ヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Α リｚャ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レレ∠ ニ ∠ ∇モよ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ ∠ Αあ コ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや や⇔ケヲ⊥よ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ￢͡ ∇ヲジ ｚ ャや リ ｚニ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠レニ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ル∇ギ∠わ∇ハ∠ぺ べｚルみ͡プ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ͡ョ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡バシ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ゆ ⊥ あグバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ (11. Those of t he bedouins who lagged behind will say t o you: "Our possessions and our families occupied us, so ask forgiveness for us.'' They say wit h t heir t ongues what is not in t heir heart s. Say: "Who t hen has any power at all (t o int ervene) on your behalf wit h Allah, if He int ends you hurt or int ends you benefit Nay, but Allah is Aware of what you do.) (12. Nay, but you t hought t hat t he Messenger and t he believers would never ret urn t o t heir families, and t hat was made fair seeming in your heart s, and you did t hink an evil t hought and you became a Bura.'') (13. And whosoever does not believe in Allah and His Messenger, t hen verily, We have prepared for t he disbelievers a blazing Fire.) (14. And t o Allah belongs t he sovereignt y of t he heavens and t he eart h. He forgives whom He wills, and punishes whom He wills. And Allah is Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

The Fabricated Excuse offered by Those Who lagged behind and did not participate in Al-Hメudaybiyyah; Allah's Warning for Them Allah informs His Messenger of t he excuses t hat t he bedouins who lagged behind would offer him, t hose bedouins who preferred t o remain in t heir homes and possessions and did not j oin t he Messenger of Allah . They offered an excuse for lagging behind, as t hat of being busy -- in t heir homes and wit h t heir wealt h! They asked t he Messenger of Allah t o invoke Allah t o forgive t hem, not because t hey had fait h in t he Prophet and his invocat ion, but t o show off and pret end. This is why Allah t he Exalt ed said about t hem,

リ∠ヨプ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャほ∠よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ッ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ び⇔ゅバ∇ヘル∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ (They say wit h t heir t ongues what is not in t heir heart s. Say: "Who t hen has any power at all (t o int ervene) on your behalf wit h Allah, if He int ends you hurt or int ends you benefit '') Allah says, none can resist what Allah has decided in your case, all praise and honor belong t o Him. Allah is t he Knower of your secret s and what your heart s conceal, even if you pret end and choose t o be hypocrit ical wit h us. This is why Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び⇔やゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, but Allah is Ever All-Aware of what you do.) t hen He said,

ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ょ ∠ ヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Α リｚャ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レレ∠ ニ ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ び⇔やギ∠よぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ (Nay, but you t hought t hat t he Messenger and t he believers would never ret urn t o t heir families,) ` for your lagging behind was not an excusable act or j ust a sin. Rat her, your lagging behind was because of hypocrisy and because you t hought t hat t he Muslims would be killed t o t he ext ent of ext erminat ion, t heir lives would be ext inguished and none of t hem will ever come back,'

び⇔やケヲ⊥よ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ￢͡ ∇ヲジ ｚ ャや リ ｚニ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠レニ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and you did t hink an evil t hought and you became a people Bur) going for dest ruct ion, according t o ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas, Muj ahid and several ot hers. Qat adah explained Bur t o mean, corrupt and some said t hat it is a word used in t he Arabic dialect of t he area of Oman. Allah t he Exalt ed t hen said,

び͡ヮ͡ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ͡ョ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever does not believe in Allah and His Messenger,) Allah st at es here t hat whoever does not purify his act ions out wardly and inwardly for Allah's sake, t hen Allah t he Exalt ed will punish him in t he Blazing Fire, even if he pret ends t o show people t hat he follows t he fait h, cont radict ing his t rue creed. Allah t he Exalt ed t hen st at es t hat He is t he Only Aut horit y, King and Owner Who has full cont rol over t he resident s of t he heavens and eart h,

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ゆ ⊥ あグバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ぴ び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ェケｚ や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ (He forgives whom He wills, and punishes whom He wills. And Allah is Forgiving, Most Merciful.) wit h t hose who repent , ret urn and submit t o Him wit h humiliat ion.

ユ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ピョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠ト ∠ ルや や∠クま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤｚガ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ シ ∠ぴ ユ∠ ⇒∠ヤミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャギあ ら∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇バら͡ わｚ ル∠ ゅ∠ルヱ⊥ケク∠ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほわ∠ ャ͡ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ リｚャ モ⊥ホ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲヰ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇モよ∠ ゅ∠レル∠ ヱ⊥ギジ ⊥ ∇エゎ∠ ∇モよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ (15. Those who lagged behind will say, when you set fort h t o t ake t he spoils, "Allow us t o follow you.'' They want t o change Allah's Words. Say: "You shall not follow us; t hus Allah has said beforehand.'' Then t hey will say: "Nay, you envy us.'' Nay, but t hey underst and not except a lit t le.) Allah charact erizes t he bedouins who lagged behind t he Messenger of Allah during t he ` Umrah of Hudaybiyyah, saying t hat when t he Prophet and his Companions lat er went on t o conquer Khaybar, t he bedouins asked t hem t o t ake t hem along. They were hoping t o collect war boot y, having been absent when it was t ime t o fight t he enemy and enduring wit h pat ience t herein. Allah t he Exalt ed ordered His Messenger t o refuse t o give t hem permission t o accompany him, being a punishment t hat is similar t o t heir error. Allah has promised t hose who were present at Al-Hudaybiyyah t o earn Khaybar's war spoils alone, not shared in t hat wit h t he bedouins who lagged behind. Therefore, t he legislat ion t hat Allah gave in t his regard was j oined t o t he dest iny t hat He decided, occurring j ust as He decided. Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ユ∠ ⇒∠ヤミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャギあ ら∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ぴ (They want t o change Allah's Words), which refers t o t he promise t hat Allah gave t hose who were present at Al-Hudaybiyyah, according t o t he explanat ion report ed from Muj ahid, Qat adah, Juwaybir and which Ibn Jarir preferred. Allah said,

び⊥モ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ リｚャ モ⊥ホぴ (Say: "You shall not follow us; t hus Allah has said beforehand.'') ` when He promised t he part icipant s of Al-Hudaybiyyah before you asked t o j oin t hem,'

びゅ∠レル∠ ヱ⊥ギジ ⊥ ∇エゎ∠ ∇モよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ

(Then t hey will say: "Nay, you envy us.'') ` you do not want us t o share t he war spoils wit h you,'

び⇔ΚΒ͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, but t hey under- st and not except a lit t le.) t he t rut h is not hing close t o what t hey claimed, but t hey underst and not .

ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ギわ⊥ シ ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠ゲ∇ハｘΙや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∠リΒ͡ヘヤｚ∠ガヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ モ⊥ホぴ ラ͡みプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ ギ∃ Α͡ギセ ∠ サ ∃ ∇ほよ∠ ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ジェ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡トゎ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇よグあ バ∠ Α⊥ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ァ ∀ ゲ∠ ェ ∠ ァ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ハΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ァ ∀ ゲ∠ ェ ∠ ヴ∠ヨ∇ハΙ ｘや ヮ⊥ ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ノ͡ ト ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ァ ∀ ゲ∠ ェ ∠ ヂ ͡ Α͡ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇よあグバ∠ Α⊥ メ ｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ (16. Say t o t he bedouins who lagged behind: "You shall be called t o fight against a people given t o great warfare, t hen you shall fight t hem, or t hey shall surrender. Then if you obey, Allah will give you a fair reward; but if you t urn away as you did t urn away before, He will punish you wit h a painful t orment .'') (17. No blame or sin is t here upon t he blind, nor is t here sin upon t he lame, nor is t here sin upon t he sick. And whosoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, He will admit him t o Gardens beneat h which rivers flow; and whosoever t urns back, He will punish him wit h a painful t orment .)

Allah conveys the News that there will be Many Cases of Jihad, and that Jihad distinguishes the Ranks of the Believers and exposes the Hypocrites Scholars of Tafsir differ over who t he people ment ioned here are. They are people experienced at warfare who will be called t o fight . There are many opinions, first , t hey are t he t ribe of Hawazin, as Shu` bah narrat ed from Abu Bishr from Sa` id bin Jubayr, or ` Ikrimah, or bot h of t hem. Hushaym narrat ed t his explanat ion from Abu Bishr, from bot h Sa` id bin Jubayr and ` Ikrimah. Qat adah, as narrat ed from him in one version, held t he same view. The second view is t hat t hese people are t he t ribe of Thaqif, according t o Ad-Dahhak. The t hird view is t hat t hey are Banu Hanifah, according t o Juwaybir and Az-Zuhri, as Muhammad bin Ishaq narrat ed

from him. Similar was narrat ed from Sa` id bin Jubayr and ` Ikrimah. The fourt h opinion is t hat t hey are t he Persians, according t o ` Ali bin Abi Talhah who report ed t hat from ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas. This is also t he view of ` At a', Muj ahid, and ` Ikrimah. Ka` b Al-Ahbar said t hat t hey are t he Romans, while Ibn Abi Layla, ` At a, Al-Hasan and Qat adah -- in a different narrat ion from him, said t hat t hey are t he Persians and Romans. Muj ahid also said t hat t hey are t he idolat ors. In anot her narrat ion Muj ahid said, "They are men given t o great warfare,'' and did not specify any part icular people. This last explanat ion is t he view preferred by Ibn Jurayj and Ibn Jarir. Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ ぴ (Then you shall fight t hem, or t hey shall surrender.) means, ` you are called t o fight t hem in Jihad, t hrough const ant warfare, unt il you become vict orious over t hem or t hey surrender. Or, t hey will embrace your religion wit hout a fight , but wit h t heir full consent .' Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said next ,

び∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡トゎ⊥ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (Then if you obey,) ` if you accept t he call t o Jihad and prepare for it and fulfill your dut y in t his regard,'

∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ジェ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ぴ び⊥モ∇らホ∠ リあョ (Allah will give you a fair reward; but if you t urn away as you t urned away before,) ` on t he day of Al-Hudaybiyyah, when you were called t o Jihad, yet lagged behind,'

び⇔ゅヨΒャ͡ぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇よあグバ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (He will punish you wit h a painful t orment .)

Acceptable Reasons for not joining Jihad Allah t hen ment ions t he legal reasons t hat allow one t o be excused from j oining t he Jihad, such as blindness and being lame, and various illnesses t hat st rike one and are remedied in few days. When one is ill, he is allowed t o remain behind and will have a valid excuse t o do so, unt il his illness ends. Allah t he Exalt ed and Most honored t hen said, while ordaining j oining t he Jihad and obeying Allah and His Messenger ,

リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ノ͡ ト ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びｚメヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ

(And whosoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, He will admit him t o Gardens beneat h which rivers flow; and whosoever t urns back,) from j oining t he Jihad and busies himself in his livelihood,

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇よあグバ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (He will punish him wit h a painful t orment .) in t his life wit h humiliat ion and in t he Hereaft er wit h t he Fire. Allah t he Exalt ed has t he best knowledge.

ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥バΑ͡ ゅ∠らΑ⊥ ∇クま͡ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヶ ∠ッ ͡ ケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ る∠ レ∠ Β͡ムジ ｚ ャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ルほ∠プ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ∠ ヤ͡バ∠ プ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ ∠ユ͡ルゅ∠ピ∠ョ∠ヱ - ゅ⇔らΑ͡ゲホ∠ ゅ⇔エ∇わプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠をぺ∠ヱ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ や⇔ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ラゅ∠ミヱ∠ (18. Indeed, Allah was pleased wit h t he believers when t hey gave t he pledge t o you under t he t ree, He knew what was in t heir heart s, and He sent down As-Sakinah upon t hem, and He rewarded t hem wit h a near vict ory. ) (19. And abundant spoils t hat t hey will capt ure. And Allah is Ever All-Might y, All-Wise.)

Good News to the Participants of the Ridwan Pledge of Allah's Pleasure and earning Spoils of War Allah declares t hat He is pleased wit h t he believers who gave t he pledge t o t he Messenger of Allah under t he t ree. We ment ioned t he number of t hese believers as being one t housand and four hundred and t hat t he t ree was a Samurah t ree, locat ed in t he area of Hudaybiyyah. AlBukhari narrat ed from Tariq t hat ` Abdur-Rahman said, "I went on Haj j and passed by people praying and asked, ` What is t his Masj id' They said, ` This is t he t ree where t he Messenger of Allah t ook t he pledge of Ar-Ridwan.' So, I went t o Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib and t old him. Sa` id said, ` My fat her t old me t hat he was among t hose who gave t heir pledge t o t he Messenger of Allah under t he t ree. My fat her said: The following year, when we went out , we forgot it s place and could not agree which t ree it was.' Sa` id said, ` The Companions of Muhammad forgot where t he t ree was, but you know where it is. Therefore, you have bet t er knowledge t han t hem!''' Allah said,

び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ∠ ヤ͡バ∠ プ∠ ぴ (He knew what was in t heir heart s,) meaning, of t rut hfulness, t rust wort hiness, obedience and adherence,

び∠るレ∠ Β͡ムジ ｚ ャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ルほ∠プぴ

(and He sent down As-Sakinah), calmness and t ranquillit y,

び⇔ゅらΑ͡ゲホ∠ ゅ⇔エ∇わプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠をぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ぴ (upon t hem, and He rewarded t hem wit h a near vict ory.) in reference t o t he goodness t hat Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored caused t o happened t o t he Companions on account of t he peace t reat y bet ween t hem and t heir disbelieving enemies. Ever aft er t hat , t he Companions gained abundant , general and cont inuous benefit s and accomplishment s, leading t o t he conquest of Khaybar and Makkah and t hen t he various surrounding provinces and areas. They earned t remendous glory, t riumphs and an elevat ed and honorable st at us in t his life and in t he Hereaft er, j ust as Allah t he Exalt ed said,

や⇔ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ ユ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ピョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ (And abundant spoils t hat t hey will capt ure. And Allah is Ever All-Might y, All-Wise.)

∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠イ ｚ バ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ ユ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ピョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ∠ラヲ⊥ム∠わ͡ャ∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ン ∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ブ ｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇ユャ∠ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ゅ⇔デ∠ゲタ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヅ ∠ ゅ∠ェぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ケギ͡ ∇ボゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ ャｚヲ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ヤ∠わ∠ ⇒∠ホ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ レｚ シ ⊥ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠よ∇キΙ ｘや -Κ ⇔ Α͡ギ∇らゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ レｚ ジ ⊥ ャ͡ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや リ ͡ ∇トら∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ブ ｚ ミ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ニぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ る∠ ムｚ ョ∠ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ (20. Allah has promised you abundant spoils t hat you will capt ure, and He has hast ened for you t his, and He has rest rained t he hands of men from you, t hat it may be a sign for t he believers, and t hat He may guide you t o t he st raight pat h.) (21. And ot her (vict ories) which are not yet

wit hin your power; indeed Allah encompasses t hem. And Allah is Ever Able t o do all t hings.) (22. And if t hose who disbelieve fight against you, t hey cert ainly would have t urned t heir backs; t hen t hey would have found neit her a prot ect or nor a helper.) (23. That has been t he way of Allah already wit h t hose who passed away before. And you will not find any change in t he way of Allah.) (24. And He it is Who has wit hheld t heir hands from you and your hands from t hem in t he midst of Makkah, aft er He had made you vict ors over t hem. And Allah sees what you do.)

Good News of abundant Spoils of War Muj ahid said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ヰル∠ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ ユ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ピョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Allah has promised you abundant spoils t hat you will capt ure,) refers t o t he spoils t hat Muslims earned up unt il t his t ime, while,

び͡ログ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠イ ｚ バ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and He has hast ened for you t his,) means, t he conquest of Khaybar. Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

び͡ログ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠イ ｚ バ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and He has hast ened for you t his,) means, "The peace t reat y of Al-Hudaybiyyah.'' Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ン ∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ブ ｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He has rest rained t he hands of men from you,) meaning, ` no harm t hat your enemies had planned against you, bot h fight ing and warfare, t ouched you. Allah also rest rained t he hands of men, whom you left behind close t o your families and children, from harming t hem,'

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (t hat it may be a sign for t he believers,) wit h which t hey t ake heed and underst and. Verily, Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored shall help and prot ect t he believers against all enemies, even t hough t he believers are few in number. By doing so, t he believers will come t o know t hat Allah is t ruly t he Knower of t he consequences of all mat t ers and t hat t he best decisions are t hose which He prefers for His believing servant s, even t hough t hese decisions might look unfavorable out wardly,

び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ワ∠ゲ∇ム∠ゎ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジ∠ハ∠ヱぴ

(It may be t hat you dislike a t hing t hat is good for you) (2:216). Allah said,

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ゅ⇔デ∠ゲタ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat He may guide you t o t he st raight pat h) on account of your obeying His commands and adhering by His orders by following t he pat h of His Messenger ,

Good News of continuous Muslim Victories until the Day of Resurrection The st at ement of Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored,

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヅ ∠ ゅ∠ェぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ケギ͡ ∇ボゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (And ot her (vict ories) which are not yet wit hin your power; indeed Allah encompasses t hem. And Allah is Ever Able t o do all t hings.) Meaning, t here are ot her war spoils and vict ories t o come which are not wit hin your grasp now. However, Allah will make t hem wit hin your reach and indeed He compasses all t hese vict ories for your benefit . Surely, Allah t he Exalt ed provides provisions and sust enance for His servant s who have Taqwa, from resources t hey could never imagine. Scholars of Tafsir differ over t he reference t o ot her war spoils ment ioned here. Al` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat it refers t o t he conquest of Khaybar. This meaning is sound according t o t he Ayah,

び͡ログ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠イ ｚ バ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and He has hast ened for you t his.) which refers t o t he t reat y of Al-Hudaybiyyah. This is view of Ad-Dahhak, Muhammad bin Ishaq and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam. Qat adah said t hat t his part of t he Ayah refers t o t he conquest of Makkah, and t his opinion was preferred by Ibn Jarir. Ibn Abi Layla and Al-Hasan Al-Basri said t hat it refers t o vict ories over t he Persians and t he Romans, while Muj ahid said t hat it refers t o every vict ory and all spoils of war, unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. Abu Dawud At -Tayalisi recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah,

びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヅ ∠ ゅ∠ェぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ケギ͡ ∇ボゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (And ot her (vict ories) which are not yet wit hin your power; indeed Allah compasses t hem.), "They are t he vict ories t hat are cont inuing unt il t his day.''

Had Makkah's Disbelievers fought at Al-Hudaybiyyah, They would have retreated in Defeat Allah said,

Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠よ∇キΙ ｘ や ∇やヲ⊥ ャｚヲ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ヤ∠わ∠ ⇒∠ホ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ (And if t hose who disbelieve fight against you, t hey cert ainly would have t urned t heir backs; t hen t hey would have found neit her a prot ect or nor a helper.) Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored delivers t he glad t idings t o His believing servant s t hat had t he idolat ors fought t hem, Allah would have given vict ory t o His Messenger and His fait hful servant s. Then, t he army of t he disbelievers would have been defeat ed and would have desert ed t he bat t lefield and fled. They would not have found any helper or support er, because t hey were fight ing Allah, His Messenger and His Fait hful Part y. Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

る͡ レｚ ジ ⊥ ャ͡ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ レｚ シ ⊥ぴ びΚ ⇔ Α͡ギ∇らゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (That has been t he way of Allah already wit h t hose who passed away before. And you will not find any change in t he way of Allah.) means t his is t he way Allah deals wit h His creat ion. Whenever fait h and disbelief meet at any dist inguishing j unct ure, Allah gives vict ory t o fait h over disbelief, raises high t rut h and dest roys falsehood. For inst ance, Allah t he Exalt ed helped His loyal fait hful support ers during t he bat t le of Badr and t hey defeat ed His idolat or enemies, even t hough t he Muslims were few in num- ber and light ly armed, while t he idolat ors were large in number and heavily armed. Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

ユ⊥ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ブ ｚ ミ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ニぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ る∠ ムｚ ョ∠ リ ͡ ∇トら∠ よ͡ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ (And He it is Who has wit hheld t heir hands from you and your hands from t hem in t he midst of Makkah, aft er He had made you vict ors over t hem. And Allah is Ever t he All-Seer of what you do.) Allah t he Exalt ed reminds His fait hful servant s of His favor when He rest rained t he hands of t he idolat ors, and t hereby, no harm t ouched t he Muslims from t he idolat ors. Allah rest rained t he hands of t he believers and t hey did not fight t he idolat ers near Al-Masj id Al-Haram. Rat her, Allah saved bot h part ies from bat t le and brought fort h a peace t reat y t hat produced good result s for t he believers, in addit ion t o, earning t hem t he good end in t his life and t he Hereaft er. We st at ed a Hadit h from Salamah bin Al-Akwa` in which he narrat ed t hat when t he Muslims brought fort h t hose sevent y idolat or prisoners, t hey t ied and paraded t hem before t he Messenger of Allah , who looked at t hem and said,

«ロゅ∠レを͡ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ヲ⊥イヘ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⊥ ∇ギよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠» (Release t hem, so t hat t hey earn t he burden of st art ing host ilit ies and it s infamy.) Thereaft er, Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored sent down t his Ayah about t hat incident ,

びユ⊥ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ブ ｚ ミ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He it is Who has wit hheld t heir hands from you and your hands from t hem...) Imam Ahmad recor- ded t hat Anas bin Malik said, "On t he day of Hudaybiyyah, eight y armed men from Makkah went down t he valley coming from Mount At -Tan` im t o ambush t he Messen- ger of Allah . The Messenger invoked Allah against t hem, and t hey were t aken prisoners.'' ` Affan added, "The Messenger pardoned t hem, and t his Ayah was lat er on revealed,

ユ⊥ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ブ ｚ ミ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ニぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ る∠ ムｚ ョ∠ リ ͡ ∇トら∠ よ͡ (And He it is Who has wit hheld t heir hands from you and your hands from t hem in t he midst of Makkah, aft er He had made you vict ors over t hem.)'' Muslim, Abu Dawud in his Sunan and At Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i, in t he Tafsir sect ion of t heir Sunan, collect ed t his Hadit h.

ュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱぁギタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ぴ ∀メゅ∠ィ͡ケ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚエ ͡ ョ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ゅ⇔プヲ⊥ム∇バョ∠ ン ∠ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゃト ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ∀ろ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ∀￢べ∠ジ͡ル∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ ャあ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ∀りゲｚ バ∠ ョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∇ユム∠らΒ͡ダわ⊥ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠レ∇よグｚ バ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤΑｚ ゴ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヴプ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇クま͡ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ わ∠ レ∠ Β͡ムシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ る͡ Βｚ ヤ͡ヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや る∠ Βｚヨ͡ ェ ∠ る∠ Βｚヨ͡ エ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ る∠ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ∠ ゴ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ペ ｚェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ (25. They are t hose who disbelieved and hindered you from Al-Masj id Al-Haram and det ained t he sacrificial animals, from reaching t heir place of sacrifice. Had t here not been believing men and believing women whom you did not know, t hat you may kill and on whose account a sin would have been commit t ed by you wit hout (your) knowledge, t hat Allah might bring int o

His mercy whom He wills -- if t hey had been apart , We verily, would have punished wit h painful t orment t hose of t hem who disbelieved. ) (26. When t hose who disbelieve had put in t heir heart s pride and haught iness -- t he pride and haught iness of t he t ime of ignorance, -- t hen Allah sent down His calmness and t ranquillit y upon His Messenger and upon t he believers, and made t hem st ick t o t he word of Taqwa; and t hey were well ent it led t o it and wort hy of it . And Allah is t he All-Knower of everyt hing. )

Some of the Benefits gained from the Treaty at Al-Hudaybiyyah Allah t he Exalt ed st at es t hat t he Arab idolat ors from Quraysh and t heir allies who ext ended help t o t hem against His Messenger ,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ぴ (They are t hose who disbelieved), t hey are indeed t he disbelievers,

び͡ュや∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱぁギタ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and hindered you from Al-Masj id Al-Haram) ` even t hough you are it s people and more wort hy of being responsible for it ,'

び⊥ヮヤｚエ ͡ ョ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ゅ⇔プヲ⊥ム∇バョ∠ ン ∠ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and det ained t he sacrificial animals, from reaching t heir place of sacrifice.) t hey prevent ed, because of t ransgression and st ubbornness, t he sacrificial animals from being reached t o t he place where t hey would be slaught ered. There were sevent y sacrificial camels designat ed for sacrifice, as we will ment ion, Allah willing. Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

び∀ろ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ∀￢べ∠ジ͡ル∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ∀メゅ∠ィ͡ケ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Had t here not been believing men and believing women) ` living among t he Makkans hiding t heir fait h for fearing for t heir safet y from t he pagans. Ot herwise, We would have given you aut horit y over t he Makkans and you would have killed t hem t o t he brink of ext erminat ion. However, t here were some fait hful believers, men and women, living among t hem, about whom you had no knowledge of being believers and you might t ry t o kill t hem.' Allah's st at ement ,

び∀りゲｚ バ∠ ョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∇ユム∠らΒ͡ダわ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゃト ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇ユャｚぴ (whom you did not know, t hat you may kill t hem and on whose account a sin would have been commit t ed by you) an evil and erroneous act ,

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ ャあ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ぴ

(wit hout (your) knowledge, t hat Allah might bring int o His mercy whom He wills) t hat Allah might delay t he punishment of t he pagans of Makkah t o save t he believers who lived among t hem, and so t hat many of t he idolat ors might embrace Islam. Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

び∇やヲ⊥ヤΑｚ ゴ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ (if t hey had been apart ), if t he disbelievers and t he believers who were living among t hem had been apart ,

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠レ∇よグｚ バ∠ ャ∠ぴ (We verily, would have punished wit h painful t orment t hose of t hem who disbelieved) ` We would have given you dominance over t he disbelievers and you would have inflict ed t remendous slaught er on t hem.' Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

る∠ Βｚ ヨ͡ ェ ∠ る∠ Βｚ ヨ͡ エ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ び͡るΒｚ ヤ͡ヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや (When t hose who disbelieve had put in t heir heart s pride and haught iness -- t he pride and haught iness of t he t ime of ignorance, ) when t hey refused t o writ e (in t he t reat y document ), ` In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful,' and, ` These are t he t erms agreed on by Muhammad, Allah's Messenger,'

リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ レ∠ Β͡ムシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ぴ びン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや る∠ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ∠ ゴ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ (t hen Allah sent down His calmness and t ranquillit y upon His Messenger and upon t he believers and made t hem st ick t o t he word of Taqwa;) t he word of Taqwa refers t o sincerit y, according t o Muj ahid. ` At a' bin Abi Rabah comment ed, "None has t he right t o be worshipped but Allah, alone wit hout part ners. All t he dominion belongs t o Him and all praise is due t o Him. He is Ever Able t o do everyt hing.'' Yunus bin Bukayr said t hat Ibn Ishaq narrat ed from Az-Zuhri, from ` Urwah, from Al-Miswar, comment ing on,

びン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや る∠ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ∠ ゴ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and made t hem st ick t o t he word of Taqwa;) "` La ilaha illallah, alone wit hout part ners.''

The Hadiths that tell the Story of Al-Hudaybiyyah and the Peace Treaty that followed

Al-Bukhari, may Allah have mercy wit h him, recorded in his Sahih in ` Book of Condit ions' t hat Al-Miswar bin Makhramah and Marwan bin Al-Hakam, bot h narrat ed at t est ing t o t he t rut hfulness of t he ot her, "Allah's Messenger set out at t he t ime of Al-Hudaybiyyah wit h several hundred of his Companions. When he reached Dhul-Hulayfah, he had t he sacrificial animals garlanded and marked and resumed t he st at e of Ihram for ` Umrah. He t hen sent several men from t he t ribe of Khuza` ah t o gat her news for him and t hen he proceeded. When he arrived at a village called Al-Asht at , his advance regiment came back and said, ` The Quraysh have gat hered t heir forces against you, including Al-Ahabish t ribes. They are int ent on fight ing you, st opping you, and prevent ing you.' The Messenger said,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ヨル∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ⊥ ぺ∠ ∩ｚヶヤ∠ハ ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡セぺ∠» ∇ラぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∩͡￢ゅ∠ャぽ⊥ ワ ヵ あ ケ͡ や∠ケク∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠Βハ ͡ «∨͡ろ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ゅ∠ルヱぁギダ ⊥ ∠Α (Give me your opinion, O people! Do you t hink we should at t ack t he families and offspring of t hose who seek t o prevent us from reaching t he House)'' in anot her narrat ion, t he Prophet said,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ￢͡ ゅ∠ャぽ⊥ ワ ヵ あ ケ͡ や∠ケク∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ヨル∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ⊥ (ぺ∠)» リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ⇔ボレ⊥ ハ ⊥ ノ∠ ト ∠ ホ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぶ ⊥ やラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ゎ∇ほ∠Α ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ルゅ∠ハぺ∠ «リΒ͡ルヱ⊥ゴ∇エョ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚャま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Do you t hink we should at t ack t he families of t hose who helped t he Quraysh If t hey come t o defend against us, t hen Allah would have diminished t he idolat or forces. Or we leave t hem t o grieve!)'' In anot her narrat ion, t he Prophet said,

リ ∠ Α͡キヲ⊥ヰ∇イョ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ケヲ⊥ゎ∇ヲョ∠ やヱ⊥ギ∠バ∠ホ やヱ⊥ギバ∠ ホ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ » ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ヰバ∠ ト ∠ ホ∠ ゅ⇔ボレ⊥ ハ ⊥ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ や∇ヲイ ∠ ル∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡ルヱ⊥ゴ∇エョ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゅ∠ルギｚ タ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ｚュぽ⊥ ル∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ュぺ∠ .モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ «ロゅ∠レ∇ヤゎ∠ ゅ∠ホ (If t hey remain where t hey have gat hered, t hey do so in grief, fat igued and depressed. If t hey save t heir families, it would be a neck t hat Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored has cut off. Or, should we head t owards t he House and if anyone prevent s us from reaching it we would fight t hem) "Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "O, Allah's Messenger! You only int ended t o visit t he House, not t o kill anyone or st art a war. Therefore, head t owards t he House and whoever st ands in our way, t hen we will fight him.'' In anot her narrat ion, Abu Bakr said, "Allah

and His Messenger know t hat we only came t o perform ` Umrah not t o fight anyone. However, anyone who t ries t o prevent us from reaching t he House, we will fight him.'' The Prophet said,

«ラ∠クま͡ やヲ⊥ェヱ⊥ゲプ∠ » (Go fort h t hen.) In anot her narrat ion, t he Prophet said,

«ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ͡ や ユ͡ ∇シや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥ツ∇ョゅ∠プ» (Go fort h, in t he Name of Allah, t he Exalt ed.) "When t hey proceeded for a dist ance, t he Prophet said,

∩⇔るバ∠ Β͡ヤデ ∠ ズ ∃ ∇Αゲ∠ ボ⊥ ャ͡ モ ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ヶ͡プ ギ͡ Β͡ャヲ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇よ ギ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠カ ラ ｚ ま͡» «リΒ͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャや れ ∠ や∠ク やヱ⊥グガ ⊥ プ∠ (Khalid bin Al-Walid is leading t he cavalry of Quraysh forming t he front of t he army, so t ake t he pat h on t he right .) By Allah, Khalid did not perceive t he arrival of t he Muslims unt il t he dust arising from t he march of t he Muslim army reached him, t hen he t urned back hurriedly t o inform t he Quraysh. The Prophet went on advancing unt il he reached t he Thaniyyah (i. e., a mount ainous way) t hrough which he could reach t hem. The she-camel of t he Prophet sat down. The people t ried t heir best t o cause her t o rise, but it was in vain. So, t hey said, ` Al-Qaswa' has become st ubborn! Al-Qaswa' has become st ubborn!' The Prophet said,

∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ ∩∃ペヤ⊥ガ ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ポ ∠ や∠ク ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ￢⊥ や∠ヲ∇ダボ∠ ∇ャや れ ͡ ほ∠ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョ» «モΒ͡ヘ∇ャや ザ ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ェ ゅヰ∠ジら∠ ェ ∠ (Al-Qaswa' has not become st ubborn, for st ubbornness is not her habit , but she was st opped by Him Who st opped t he elephant .) Then he said,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヌ あ バ∠ Α⊥ る⇔ ト ｚカ ⊥ ヶあルヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» «ゅ∠ワゅｚΑま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Βト ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ͡ やれ ͡ ゅ∠ョゲ⊥ ェ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (By t he Name of Him in Whose Hands is my soul, if t hey ask me anyt hing which will respect t he ordinances of Allah, t he Exalt ed, I will grant it t o t hem.) The Prophet t hen rebuked t he shecamel and she got up. The Prophet changed his direct ion, unt il he dismount ed at t he fart hest end of Al-Hudaybiyyah. There was a pit cont aining a lit t le wat er which t he people used in small amount s, and aft er a short t ime t he people exhaust ed all it s wat er and complained of t hirst t o Allah's Messenger . The Prophet t ook an arrow out of his quiver and ordered t hem t o put t he arrow in t he pit . By Allah, t he wat er st art ed flowing and cont inued sprout ing unt il all t he people quenched t heir t hirst and ret urned sat isfied. While t hey were st ill in t hat st at e, Budayl bin Warqa' Al-Khuza` i came wit h some people from his t ribe, Khuza` ah. They were t he advisers

of Allah's Messenger who would keep no secret from him and were from t he people of Tihamah. Budayl said, ` I left (t he t ribes of) Ka` b bin Lu'ay and ` Amir bin Lu'ay residing at t he abundant wat er of Al-Hudaybiyyah. They had milk camels wit h t hem, int ending t o wage war against you and prevent you from visit ing t he Ka` bah.' Allah's Messenger said,

∩∠リΑ͡ゲヨ͡ わ∠ ∇バョ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ ∩∃ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠わボ͡ ャ͡ ∇￢ヴ͡イル∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅｚル͡ま» ∩∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ∇れゲｚ ッ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ゆ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇わム∠ ヰ∠ ル∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ⇔ゼ∇Αゲ∠ ホ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡レ∇Βよ∠ やヲぁヤガ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ り⇔ ギｚ ョ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇キキ∠ ゅ∠ョ やヱ⊥ぼゅ∠セ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ やヱ⊥￢ゅ∠セ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩∇ゲ∠ヰ∇ニ∠ぺ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩͡サゅｚレャや ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩やヲぁヨィ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ゅｚャ͡ま∠ヱ ∩やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ヮ͡ Β͡プ モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ や∠グワ ヵ͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ヤ∠ゎ͡ ゅ∠ホほ⊥ャ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヲプ∠ や∇ヲよ∠ ぺ∠ «ロ∠ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ やラ ｚ グ∠ ヘ͡ ∇レΒ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヶ͡わヘ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠シ キ∠ ゲ͡ ヘ∠ ∇レゎ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ (We have not come t o fight anyone, but t o perform ` Umrah. No doubt , war has weakened Quraysh and t hey have suffered great losses. So if t hey wish, I will conclude a t ruce wit h t hem, during which t hey should refrain from int erfering bet ween me and ot hers. If I have vict ory over t hose infidels, Quraysh will have t he opt ion t o embrace Islam as t he ot her people do, if t hey wish. They will at least get st rong enough t o fight . But if t hey do not accept t he t ruce, by Allah in Whose Hands my life is, I will fight wit h t hem defending my cause unt il I get killed, but (I am sure) Allah will definit ely make His cause vict orious.) Budayl said, ` I will inform t hem of what you have said.' So, he set off unt il he reached Quraysh and said, ` We have come from t hat man whom we heard saying somet hing which we will disclose t o you, if you should like.' Some of t he fools among t he Quraysh shout ed t hat t hey were not in need of t his informat ion, but t he wiser among t hem said, ` Relat e what you heard him saying.' Budayl said, ` I heard him saying such and such,' relat ing what t he Prophet had t old him. ` Urwah bin Mas` ud st ood up and said, ` O people! Aren't you t he sons' They said, ` Yes.' He added, ` Am I not t he fat her' They said, ` Yes.' He said, ` Do you mist rust me' They said, ` No.' He said, ` Don't you know t hat I invit ed t he people of ` Ukaz for your help, and when t hey refused I brought my relat ives and children and t hose who obeyed me' They said, ` Yes.' He said, ` Well, t his man has offered you a reasonable proposal, it is bet t er for you t o accept it and allow me t o meet him.' They said, ` You may meet him.' So, he went t o t he Prophet and st art ed t alking t o him. The Prophet said t he same t o him as he had t o Budayl bin Warqa. Then ` Urwah said, ` O Muhammad! Won't you feel any qualms by ext erminat ing your relat ions Have you ever heard of anyone among t he Arabs annihilat ing his relat ives before you On t he ot her hand, if t he reverse should happen, by Allah, I do not see dignified people here, but people from various t ribes who would run away leaving you alone.' Hearing t hat , Abu Bakr verbally abused him and said, ` Go suck Al-Lat 's womb! Are you saying we would run and leave t he Prophet alone' ` Urwah said, ` Who is t hat man' They said, ` He is Abu Bakr.' ` Urwah said t o Abu Bakr, ` By Him in Whose Hands my life is, were it not for t he favor which you did t o me and which I did not compensat e, I would rebuke you.' ` Urwah kept on t alking t o t he Prophet and seizing t he Prophet 's beard as he was t alking, while Al-Mughirah bin Shu` bah was st anding near t he head of t he Prophet , holding a sword and wearing a helmet . Whenever ` Urwah st ret ched his hand t owards t he beard of t he Prophet , Al-Mughirah

would hit his hand wit h t he handle of t he sword and say, ` Remove your hand from t he beard of Allah's Messenger.' ` Urwah raised his head and asked, ` Who is t hat ' The people said, ` He is AlMughirah bin Shu` bah.' ` Urwah said, ` O t reacherous (one)! Am I not doing my best t o prevent evil consequences of your t reachery' Before embracing Islam, Al-Mughirah was in t he company of some people. He killed t hem, t ook t heir propert y and came (t o Al-Madinah) t o embrace Islam. The Prophet said t o him,

ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ジヤ∠プ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥モら∠ ∇ホほ∠プ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや ゅｚョぺ∠» «￢∇ヶセ ∠ (As regards t o your Islam, I accept it , but as for t he propert y I do not t ake anyt hing of it .) ` Urwah t hen st art ed looking at t he Companions of t he Prophet . By Allah, whenever Allah's Messenger spat , t he spit t le would fall in t he hand of one of t hem, who would rub it on his face and skin. If he ordered t hem, t hey would carry his orders immediat ely, if he performed ablut ion, t hey would st ruggle t o t ake t he remaining wat er, and when t hey spoke t o him, t hey would lower t heir voices and would not look at his face const ant ly out of respect . ` Urwah ret urned t o his people and said, ` O people! By Allah, I have been t o t he kings and t o Caesar, Khosrau and An-Naj ashi. Yet , by Allah! I have never seen any of t hem respect ed by his court iers, as much as, Muhammad is respect ed by his companions. By Allah, if he spat , t he spit t le would fall int o t he hand of one of t hem and he would rub it on his face and skin. If he ordered t hem, t hey would carry out his order immediat ely, if he performed ablut ion, t hey would st ruggle t o t ake t he remaining wat er, and when t hey spoke, t hey would lower t heir voices and would not look at his face const ant ly out of respect . No doubt , he has present ed t o you a good reasonable offer, so please accept it .' A man from t he t ribe of Bani Kinanah said, ` Allow me t o go t o him,' and t hey allowed him. When he approached t he Prophet and his Companions, Allah's Messenger said,

ゅ∠ワヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇よゅ∠プ ラ ∠ ∇ギら⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヌ あ バ∠ Α⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∀ラゅ∠ヤプ⊥ や∠グワ» «ヮ∠ャ (He is so-and-so who belongs t o t he t ribe t hat respect s t he sacrificial camels. So, bring t he sacrificial camels before him.) So, t he sacrificial camels were brought before him and t he people received him while t hey were recit ing Talbiyah. When he saw t hat scene, he said, ` Glorified is Allah! It is not fair t o prevent t hese people from visit ing t he Ka` bah.' When he ret urned t o his people, he said, ` I saw t he sacrificial camels garlanded and marked. I do not t hink it is advisable t o prevent t hem from visit ing t he Ka` bah.' Anot her person called Mikraz bin Hafs st ood up and sought t heir permission t o go t o Muhammad , and t hey allowed him, t oo. When he approached t he Muslims, t he Prophet said,

«ゲ͡ィゅ∠プ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ コ∀ ゲ∠ ∇ムョ͡ や∠グワ∠ » (Here is Mikraz and he is a vicious man.) Mikraz st art ed t alking t o t he Prophet and as he was t alking, Suhayl bin ` Amr came.'' Ma` mar said t hat Ayyub said t o him t hat ` Ikrimah said, "When Suhayl bin ` Amr came, t he Prophet said,

«ユ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ ヰ⊥ シ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ » (Now t he mat t er has become easy for you.)'' Ma` mar said t hat Az-Zuhri narrat ed, "When Suhayl bin ` Amr came, he said t o t he Prophet , ` Please conclude a peace t reat y wit h us.' So, t he Prophet called ` Ali bin Abi Talib and said t o him,

«ユΒ͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ∇ょわ⊥ ∇ミや» (Writ e: In t he Name of Allah, Ar-Rahman, Ar-Rahim.) Suhayl bin ` Amr said, ` As for Ar-Rahman, by Allah, I do not know what it means. So writ e: By Your Name, O Allah, as you used t o writ e previously.' The Muslims said, ` By Allah, we will not writ e except : By t he Name of Allah, ArRahman, Ar-Rahim.' The Prophet said,

«ユ⊥ヰ∇ヤャや マ ∠ ヨ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ ∇ょわ⊥ ∇ミや» (Writ e: "In Your Name O Allah.'') Then he dict at ed,

«ぶや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ッゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ョ や∠グワ» (This is a peace t reat y, which Muhammad, Allah's Messenger has concluded.) Suhayl said, ` By Allah, if we knew t hat you are Allah's Messenger, we would not prevent you from visit ing t he Ka` bah, and would not fight wit h you. So, writ e: Muhammad bin ` Abdullah.' The Prophet said t o him,

∇ょわ⊥ ∇ミや ∩ヶ͡ルヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇よグｚ ミ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲ∠ ャ∠ ヶあルま͡ ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ» «ぶや͡ギ∇らハ ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よ ギ⊥ ｚヨエ ∠ ョ⊥ (By Allah! I am t he Messenger of Allah even if your people do not believe me. Writ e: "Muhammad bin ` Abdullah.'')'' Az-Zuhri cont inued, "The Prophet accept ed all t hose t hings, since he had already said t hat he would accept everyt hing t hey would demand if it respect s t he ordinance of Allah, t he Exalt ed.'' The Hadit h cont inues, "The Prophet said t o Suhayl,

«ヮ͡よ フ ∠ ヲ⊥トレ∠ プ∠ ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ やヲぁヤガ ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠» (On t he condit ion t hat you allow us t o visit t he House so t hat we may perform Tawaf around it .) Suhayl said, ` By Allah, we will not , so as not t o give t he Arabs a chance t o say t hat we have yielded t o your pressure, but we will allow you next year.' So, t he Prophet had t hat writ t en. Then Suhayl said, ` We also st ipulat e t hat you should ret urn t o us whoever comes t o you from us, even if he embraced your religion.' The Muslims prot est ed, ` Glorified be Allah! How can a person be ret urned t o t he idolat ors aft er he has become a Muslim' While t hey were in t his st at e Abu Jandal bin Suhayl bin ` Amr came from t he valley of Makkah st aggering wit h his chains and fell down among t he Muslims. Suhayl said, ` O Muhammad! This is t he very first t erm wit h which we make peace wit h you, t hat is, you shall ret urn Abu Jandal t o me.' The Prophet said,

«ギ∇バよ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヂ ͡ ∇ボル∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅｚル͡ま» (The peace t reat y has not been writ t en yet .) Suhayl said, ` Then by Allah, I will never conduct peace wit h you.' The Prophet said,

«ヶ͡ャ ロ⊥ ∇ゴィ ͡ ほ∠プ∠ » (Release him t o me,) and Suhayl responded, ` I will never allow you t o keep him.' The Prophet said,

«モ∠バ∇プゅ∠プ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ » (Yes, do.) He said, ` I will not .' Mikraz said, ` We allow you (t o keep him).' Abu Jandal said, ` O, Muslims! Will I be ret urned t o t he idolat ors alt hough I have come as a Muslim Don't you see how much I have suffered' Abu Jandal had been t ort ured severely for t he cause of Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored. ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said, ` I went t o t he Prophet and said: Aren't you t ruly t he Messenger of Allah' The Prophet said,

«ヴ∠ヤよ∠ » (Yes, indeed.) I said, ` Isn't our cause j ust and t he cause of t he enemy unj ust ' He said,

«ヴ∠ヤよ∠ » (Yes.) I said, ` Then why should we be humble in our religion' He said,

«ヵ͡ゲタ ͡ ゅ∠ル ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ダ∇ハぺ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ジャ∠ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヶあルま͡» (I am Allah's Messenger and I do not disobey Him, and He will make me vict orious.) I said, ` Didn't you t ell us t hat we would go t o t he Ka` bah and perform Tawaf around it ' He said,

«∨∠ュゅ∠バ∇ャや ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほル∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ マ ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ ∇カほ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ » (Yes, but did I t ell you t hat we would visit t he Ka` bah t his year) I said, ` No.' He said,

«ヮ͡よ ∀フヲあ ト ｚ ョ⊥ ∠ヱ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎへ マ ∠ ルｚ み͡プ∠ » (So you will visit it and perform Tawaf around it .) ` Umar furt her said, ` I went t o Abu Bakr and said: O Abu Bakr! Isn't he t ruly Allah's Prophet ' He replied, ` Yes.' I said, ` Is not our cause j ust and t he cause of our enemy unj ust ' He said, ` Yes.' I said, ` Then why should we be humble in our religion' He said, ` O you man! Indeed, he is Allah's Messenger and he does not disobey his Lord, and He will make him vict orious. Adhere t o him for, by Allah, he is on t he right pat h.' I

said, ` Was he not t elling us t hat we would go t o t he Ka` bah and perform Tawaf around it ' He said, ` Yes, but did he t ell you t hat you would go t o t he Ka` bah t his year' I said, ` No.' He said, ` You will go t o t he Ka` bah and perform Tawaf around it .' Az-Zuhri said, "` Umar, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, ` I performed many good deeds as expiat ion for t he improper quest ions I asked t hem.' '' "When t he writ ing of t he peace t reat y was concluded, Allah's Messenger said t o his Companions,

«やヲ⊥ボヤ͡∇ェや ｚユを⊥ やヱ⊥ゲエ ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プ やヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ホ» (Get up and slaught er your sacrifices and have your heads shaved.) By Allah none of t hem got up, and t he Prophet repeat ed his order t hrice. When none of t hem got up, he left t hem and went t o Umm Salamah and t old her of t he people's at t it udes t owards him. Umm Salamah said, ` O Prophet of Allah! Do you want your order t o be carried out Go out and don't say a word t o anybody unt il you have slaught ered your sacrifice and call your barber t o shave your head.' The Messenger of Allah went out and did not t alk t o anyone unt il he did what she suggest ed, slaught ered t he sacrifice and shaved his head. Seeing t hat , t he Companions got up, slaught ered t heir sacrifices, and st art ed shaving t he heads of one anot her. There was so much of a rush -and sadness -- t hat t here was a danger of killing each ot her. Then some believing women came and Allah t he Exalt ed and most Honored revealed t he following Ayat ,

び⊥ろ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O you who believe! When believing women come t o you) (60:10), unt il,

び͡ゲプ͡ や∠ヲム∠ ∇ャや ユ͡ ダ ∠ バ͡ よ͡ ぴ (Likewise hold not t he disbelieving women as wives.) ` Umar t hen divorced t wo of his wives, who were disbelievers. Lat er on Mu` awiyah bin Abu Sufyan married one of t hem, and Safwan bin Umayyah married t he ot her. When t he Prophet ret urned t o Al-Madinah, Abu Basir, a new Muslim convert from t he Quraysh, came t o him. The disbelievers sent t wo men in pursuit who said t o t he Prophet , ` Abide by t he promise you gave us.' So, t he Prophet handed him over t o t hem. They t ook him out (of Al-Madinah) unt il t hey reached Dhul-Hulayfah where t hey dismount ed t o eat some dat es t hey had wit h t hem. Abu Basir said t o one of t hem, ` By Allah, O, so-and-so, I see you have a fine sword.' The ot her drew it out (of it s sheat h) and said, ` Yes, by Allah, it is very fine and I have t ried it many t imes.' Abu Basir said, ` Let me have a look at it .' When t he ot her gave t he sword t o Abu Basir, he st ruck him wit h it unt il he died. His companion ran away unt il he reached Al-Madinah, ent ering t he Masj id running. When Allah's Messenger saw him he said,

«や⇔ゲ∇ハク⊥ や∠グワ ン∠ぺケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠» (This man appears t o have been fright ened.) When he reached t he Prophet he said, ` My companion has been murdered, by Allah, and I would have been murdered t oo. ' Abu Basir came and said, ` O Allah's Messenger, by Allah! Allah has made you fulfill your obligat ions by ret urning me t o t hem, but Allah t he Exalt ed has saved me from t hem.' The Prophet said,

«ギ∠ェぺ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ゆ ∃ ∇ゲェ ∠ ゲ∠ バ∠ ∇ジョ͡ ヮ͡ ョあ ぺ⊥ モ ⊥ ∇Αヱ∠ »

(Woe t o his mot her! What an excellent war kindler he would be, if he only have support ers.) When Abu Basir heard t his from t he Prophet , he underst ood t hat he would ret urn him t o t he idolat ors again, so he set off unt il he reached t he seashore. Abu Jandal bin Suhayl also got himself released from t he disbelievers and j oined Abu Basir. Thereaft er, whenever a man from Quraysh embraced Islam he would follow Abu Basir unt il t hey formed a st rong group. By Allah, whenever t hey heard about a caravan of t he Quraysh heading t owards Ash-Sham (Great er Syria), t hey st opped it , at t acked and killed t he disbelievers and t ook t heir propert ies. The people of Quraysh sent a message t o t he Prophet request ing him for t he sake of Allah and kit h and kin t o send for (Abu Basir and his companions) promising t hat whoever among t hem came t o t he Prophet , would be secure. So, t he Prophet sent for t hem and Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored revealed t he following Ayat ,

ユ⊥ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ブ ｚ ミ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び∠るムｚ ョ∠ リ ͡ ∇トら∠ よ͡ (And He it is Who has wit hheld t heir hands from you and your hands from t hem in t he midst of Makkah), unt il,

び͡るΒｚ ヤ͡ヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャや る∠ Βｚ ヨ͡ ェ ∠ぴ (t he pride and haught iness of t he t ime of ignorance, ) Their pride and haught iness was t hat t hey did not confess t hat Muhammad was t he Prophet of Allah, refused t o writ e, ` In t he Name of Allah, Ar-Rahman, Ar-Rahim,' and prevent ed Muslims from visit ing t he Ka` bah.'' This is t he narrat ion Al-Bukhari collect ed in t he Book of Tafsir, ` Umrat Al-Hudaybiyyah, Haj j , and so fort h. Allah is t he Only One sought for help, all reliance is on Him alone and t here is no might or st rengt h except from Allah, t he Almight y, t he All-Wise. Al-Bukhari narrat ed in t he Book of Tafsir t hat Habib bin Abi Thabit said t hat he went t o Abu Wa'il asking him about somet hing and he said, "We were at Siffin, when a man said, ` Do you not see t hose who call t o Allah's Book' ` Ali bin Abi Talib said, ` Yes.' Sahl bin Hunayf said, ` Do not feel cert ain in t he reliabilit y of your own opinions! On t he day of Hudaybiyyah, t he day t he t reat y of peace was signed bet ween t he Prophet and idolat ors, had we found a chance t o fight , we would have done so.' ` Umar came (t o t he Prophet ) and said, ` Are we not on t he t rue cause and t heirs is t he false cause Are not our killed in Paradise and t heirs in t he Fire' He said, ` Yes.' ` Umar said, ` Why t hen should we be humble wit h regards t o t he cause of our religion Why should we go back before Allah decides in t he mat t er bet ween us (bet ween Muslims and t he idolat ors.)' The Prophet said,

ヶ͡レバ∠ Βあ ツ ∠ Α⊥ ∇リャ∠ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヶあルま͡ ゆ ͡ ゅｚトガ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇よや ゅ∠Α» «や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や (O son of Al-Khat t ab! I am Allah's Messenger and He will never abandon me. ) ` Umar left while feeling angry and soon went t o Abu Bakr and said, ` O Abu Bakr! Are we not on t he t rue cause and t hey are on falsehood' Abu Bakr said, ` O son of Al-Khat t ab! He is Allah's Messenger and Allah will never abandon him.' Surat Al-Fat h was lat er revealed.''' Al-Bukhari collect ed t his Hadit h in several ot her part s of his Sahih, and so did Muslim and An-Nasa'i using various chains of narrat ion from Abu Wa'il, Sufyan bin Salamah, from Sahl bin Hunayf. Some of t hese narrat ions read, "O people! Accuse sheer opinion (of being imperfect )! On t he day Abu Jandal

came, I saw myself willing t o rej ect t he command of Allah's Messenger , had I had t he chance.'' In yet anot her narrat ion, "Surat Al-Fat h was revealed and t he Messenger of Allah called ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab and recit ed it t o him.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas said, "Quraysh resort ed t o peace wit h t he Prophet . Suhayl bin ` Amr was among t he idolat ors t hen. The Prophet said t o ` Ali,

«ユΒ͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ぶ ͡ や ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ∇ょわ⊥ ∇ミや» (Writ e: "In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.'') Suhayl said, ` We do not know t he meaning of: In t he Name of Allah, Ar-Rahman Ar-Rahim. However, writ e what we do know: In Your Name, O Allah!' The Messenger said,

«ぶや メ ͡ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ギ∃ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ∇ょわ⊥ ∇ミや» (Writ e: "From Muhammad, Allah's Messenger,'') and Suhayl said, ` If we knew t hat you are Allah's Messenger, we would have followed you. However, writ e your name and t he name of your fat her.' The Prophet said,

«ぶや͡ギ∇らハ ∠ リ ͡ ∇よ ギ͡ ヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ∇ょわ⊥ ∇ミや» (Writ e: "From Muhammad son of ` Abdullah.'') They set t he t erms wit h t he Prophet t hat , ` If anyone comes from your side t o us, we will not send him back t o you. If anyone from among us came t o you, you send him back t o us.' ` Ali said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Should I writ e t his,' and t he Prophet said,

«ぶや ロ⊥ ギ∠ バ∠ ∇よほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゅｚレ͡ョ ょ ∠ ワ∠ ク∠ ∇リョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » (Yes. Surely, t hose who revert from our side and go t o t hem, t hen may Allah cast t hem away.) Muslim also collect ed t his Hadit h.'' Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas said, "When AlHaruriyyah rebelled, t hey set a separat e camp for t heir group. I said t o t hem, ` On t he day of Al-Hudaybiyyah, t he Messenger of Allah agreed t o conduct peace wit h t he idolat ors. He said t o ` Ali,

∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ウ ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠タ ゅ∠ョ や∠グワ ∩ぁヶヤ͡ハ ∠ ゅ∠Α ∇ょわ⊥ ∇ミや» «ぶや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ (Writ e, O ` Ali: "These are t he t erms agreed t o by Muhammad, Allah's Messenger.'')' The idolat ors said, ` If we knew t hat you are Allah's Messenger, we would not have fought you.' Allah's Messenger said,

ウ ⊥ ∇ョや ∩∠マャ⊥ヲ⊥シ∠ケ ヶあルぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ｚユヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや ∩ぁヶヤ͡ハ ∠ ゅ∠Α ウ ⊥ ∇ョや» リ ⊥ ∇よ ギ⊥ ｚヨエ ∠ ョ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ウ ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠タ ゅ∠ョ や∠グワ :∇ょわ⊥ ∇ミや∠ヱ ヶ ぁ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ゅ∠Α «ぶや͡ギ∇らハ ∠ (O ` Ali! Erase it . O Allah! You know t hat I am Your Messenger. O ` Ali! Erase it and writ e inst ead: "These are t he peace t erms agreed t o by Muhammad bin ` Abdullah.'') By Allah, Allah's Messenger is bet t er t han ` Ali, and t he Messenger erased his t it le. However, erasing his t it le did not mean t hat he was erased from being a Prophet . Have I given you sufficient proof in t his.' They said, ` Yes.''' Abu Dawud also collect ed a similar narrat ion. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas said, "On t he day of Hudaybiyyah, t he Messenger of Allah slaught ered sevent y sacrificial camels, including a camel t hat belonged t o Abu Jahl. When t he camel was prevent ed from coming t o t he House, she cried j ust as she would cry when seeing her offspring.''

ｚリヤ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギわ∠ ャ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠Α∇ぼゲぁ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ベ ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ リ ∠ Β͡ボヤあエ ∠ ョ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ や∠￢ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ラ͡ま ュ∠ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ∠ ヤ͡バ∠ プ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ⇒∠ガゎ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲダ あ ボ∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ シ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ - ゅ⇔らΑ͡ゲホ∠ ゅ⇔エ∇わプ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ モ ∠ バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ヰ͡ ∇ヌΒ⊥ ャ͡ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ Α͡キヱ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ モ ∠シ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや び や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤあミ⊥ リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (27. Indeed Allah shall fulfill t he t rue vision which He showed t o His Messenger in very t rut h. Cert ainly, you shall ent er Al-Masj id Al-Haram, if Allah wills, secure, (some) having your heads shaved, and (some) having your hair cut short , having no fear. He knew what you knew not , and He grant ed besides t hat a near vict ory. (28. He it is Who has sent His Messenger wit h guidance and t he religion of t rut h, t hat He may make it superior t o all religions. And AllSufficient is Allah as a Wit ness.)

Allah has indeed fulfilled the True Vision which He showed to His Prophet In a dream, t he Messenger of Allah saw himself ent ering Makkah and performing Tawaf around t he House. He t old his Companions about t his dream when he was st ill in Al-Madinah. When t hey went t o Makkah in t he year of Al-Hudaybiyyah, none of t hem doubt ed t hat t he Prophet 's vision would come t rue t hat year. When t he t reat y of peace was conduct ed and t hey had t o ret urn t o Al-Madinah t hat year, being allowed t o ret urn t o Makkah t he next year, some of t he

Companions disliked what happened. ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab asked about t his, saying, "Haven't you t old us t hat we will go t o t he House and perform Tawaf around it '' The Prophet said,

«∨や∠グワ マ ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ハ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ゲら∠ ∇カほ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ » (Yes. Have I t old you t hat you will go t o it t his year) ` Umar said, "No.'' The Prophet said,

«ヮ͡よ ∀フヲあ ト ｚ ョ⊥ ∠ヱ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎへ マ ∠ ルｚ み͡プ∠ » (Then you will go t o it and perform Tawaf around it .) ` Umar received t he same answer from Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, let t er for let t er. This is why Allah t he Exalt ed and Most honored said,

ｚリヤ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギわ∠ ャ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠Α∇ぼゲぁ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ベ ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ び⊥ヮヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ラ͡ま ュ∠ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや (Indeed Allah shall fulfill t he t rue vision which He showed t o His Messenger in very t rut h. Cert ainly, you shall ent er Al-Masj id Al-Haram, if Allah wills,) and He willed t hat t his mat t er shall cert ainly occur,

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ や∠￢ぴ (secure,) means, ` upon your ent ering,'

び∠リΑ͡ゲダ あ ボ∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ シ ∠ ヱ￢⊥ ケ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ボヤあエ ∠ ョ⊥ ぴ ((some) having your heads shaved, and (some) having your hair cut short ,) and some of t hem indeed had t heir head hair shaved, while some of t hem had t heir head hair short ened. The Two Sahihs recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«リΒ͡ボヤあエ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぶ ⊥ や ユ∠ ェ ͡ ケ∠ » (O Allah! Be merciful t o t hose who have t heir head shaved.) The people said, "O Allah's Messenger! And (invoke Allah for) t hose who get t heir hair cut short .'' He said,

«リΒ͡ボヤあエ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぶ ⊥ や ユ∠ ェ ͡ ケ∠ » (O Allah! Be merciful t o t hose who have t heir head shaved.) The people said, "O Allah's Messenger! And t hose who get t heir hair cut short .'' The Prophet said,

«リΒ͡ボヤあエ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぶ ⊥ や ユ∠ ェ ͡ ケ∠ »

(O Allah! Be merciful t o t hose who have t heir head shaved.) The people said, "O Allah's Messenger! And t hose who get t heir hair cut short .'' The Prophet said (t he t hird or t he fourt h t ime),

«リΑ͡ゲダ あ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ» (And t o t hose who get t heir hair cut short .) Allah said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヘ⇒∠ガゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (having no fear), indicat ing t hat t hey will be safe and will have no fear when t hey ent er Makkah. This occurred in t he ` Umrah performed t he following year, on t he sevent h year of Hij rah during t he mont h of Dhul-Qa` dah. When t he Messenger left from Al-Hudaybiyyah, during t he mont h of Dhul-Qa` dah (t he sixt h year of Hij rah), he went back t o Al-Madinah. He remained in Al-Madinah during t he mont hs of Dhul-Hij j ah and Al-Muharram. In Safar, he marched fort h t o Khaybar, and Allah opened t hat cit y for him, part ly by force and part ly by it s people surrendering t o him. Khaybar was a wealt hy province t hat had abundant dat e t rees and veget at ion. The Prophet hired t he (defeat ed) Jews of Khaybar t o at t end t o a part of it s green fields and divided t he province among t hose who at t ended Al-Hudaybiyyah wit h him. No one else except t hose Companions t ook part in at t acking Khaybar, except Ja` far bin Abi Talib, who came back wit h his companions from Et hiopia. Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari and his people also at t ended t hat bat t le. None of t hem were absent except Abu Duj anah Simak bin Kharashah, according t o Ibn Zayd. This fact is well recorded in (t he Books of) hist ory. The Prophet t hen ret urned t o Al-Madinah. When t he mont h of Dhul-Qa` dah came, t he sevent h year of Hij rah, t he Prophet went t o Makkah for ` Umrah accompanied by t hose who were wit h him at AlHudaybiyyah. He resumed Ihram from Dhul-Hulayfah and t ook t he sacrificial animals wit h him. It was said t hat t he sacrificial animals were sixt y. The Prophet and his Companions st art ed recit ing t he Talbiyah aloud. When t hey came close t o Marr Az-Zahran, he sent Muhammad bin Maslamah before him wit h t he horses and weapons. When t he idolat ors saw t his advance regiment , t hey were overwhelmed wit h fear. They t hought t hat t he Messenger of Allah would at t ack t hem and t hat he had bet rayed t he t reat y t hat he conduct ed wit h t hem, which st ipulat ed cessat ion of host ilit ies for t en years. The idolat ors went quickly t o Makkah t o inform it s people. When t he Prophet made camp in t he area of Marr Az-Zahran, where he was close enough t o see t he idols t hat were erect ed all around t he Haram, he sent t he weaponry, arrows, arrow cases and spears, t o t he valley of Ya` j aj . He next went on his way t owards Makkah wit h t he swords rest ing in t heir sheat hs, j ust as he agreed t o in t he peace t reat y. While t he Prophet was st ill on t he way t o Makkah, t he Quraysh sent Mikraz bin Hafs who said, "O Muhammad! We never knew you t o be one who bet rays his promises.'' The Prophet said,

«∨∠ポや∠ク ゅ∠ョヱ∠ » (Why do you say t hat ) Mikraz said, "You are headed t owards us wit h t he weaponry, t he arrows and t he spears.'' The Prophet said,

«ア∠ィ∇ほΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠» (I did not do t hat , I sent all t hat t o t he valley of Ya` j aj .) Mikraz said, "This is t he way we knew you t o be, t rust wort hy and keeping t o your promises.'' The leaders of t he disbelievers left Makkah so t hat t hey would not have t o look at t he Messenger of Allah and his Companions, out

of rage and anger. As for t he rest of t he people of Makkah, men, women and children, t hey sat on t he pat hways and house roofs wat ching t he Messenger of Allah and his Companions. The Messenger ent ered Makkah wit h his Companions while recit ing t he Talbiyah. The Prophet sent t he sacrificial animals t o Dhu Tuwa while riding his camel, Al-Qaswa', t he same camel he was riding on t he day of Hudaybiyyah. ` Abdullah bin Rawahah, from Al-Ansar, was holding t he bridle of t he Prophet 's camel and repeat ing t his poem, "In t he Name of He, ot her t han Whose religion t here is no t rue religion, In t he Name of He, Whom Muhammad is His Messenger, O children of t he disbelievers, st ay out of his way, For t oday, we shall impose on you t he fulfillment of it s int erpret at ion, Just as we fought wit h you t o accept it s revelat ion, Severe fight ing t hat removes t he heads from where t hey rest , And overwhelms t he companion from at t ending t o his companion, Ar-Rahman has sent down in His revelat ion, In pages t hat are being recit ed before His Messenger, That t he best deat h is t hat which occurs in His cause, So, O Lord, I believe in it s st at ement s.'' This st ory is collect ed from various narrat ions. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas said, "When Allah's Messenger and his Companions came t o Makkah, t he fever of Yat hrib (Al-Madinah) had weakened and bot hered t hem. The idolat ors circulat ed t he news t hat a group of people were coming t o t hem and t hat t hey had been weakened and bot hered by t he fever of Yat hrib (Al-Madinah). The idolat ors sat in t he area close t o Al-Hij r. Allah conveyed t o His Prophet what t he idolat ors said, so he ordered his Companions t o do Ramal in t he first t hree rounds, so t hat t he idolat ers wit ness t heir st rengt h. The Companions did Ramal t he first t hree rounds. He also ordered t hem t o walk normally bet ween t he t wo corners, for from t here t he idolat ors would not be able t o see t hem. The Prophet did not order t hem t o do Ramal in all t he rounds of Tawaf out of pit y for t hem. The idolat ors comment ed, ` Are t hese t he people whom you claimed were weakened by t he fever. They are st ronger t han so-and-so!''' The Two Sahihs also recorded t his Hadit h. In anot her narrat ion, "Allah's Messenger and his Companions came (t o Makkah) on t he morning of t he fourt h day of Dhul-Qa` dah. The idolat ors circulat ed t he news t hat a group of people was coming t o t hem, who had been weakened by t he fever of Yat hrib (Al-Madinah). So, t he Prophet ordered his Companions t o do Ramal in t he first t hree rounds of Tawaf. The Prophet did not order t hem t o do Ramal in all t he rounds of Tawaf out of pit y for t hem.'' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "In t he year when t he Prophet came as st ipulat ed by t he peace t reat y, he said, ` Perform Ramal.' So t hat t he idolat ors may wit ness t heir st rengt h. At t hat t ime, t he idolat ors were wat ching from t he area of Qu` ayqi` an.'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "Allah's Messenger performed Tawaf of t he Ka` bah and t he Sa` y at As-Safa and Al-Marwah t o show his st rengt h t o t he idolat ors.'' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said, "Allah's Messenger set out for ` Umrah, but t he Quraysh idolat ors prevent ed him from reaching t he Ka` bah. So, he slaught ered his sacrifice, got his head shaved at Al-Hudaybiyyah, agreed t o a formal pact wit h t hem t hat he would perform ` Umrah t he following year, would not carry weapons against t hem, except swords and would not st ay in Makkah, except for t he period t hey allowed. The Prophet performed t he ` Umrah in t he following year and ent ered Makkah according t o t he t reat y. And when he st ayed for t hree days, t he idolat ors ordered him t o depart , and he depart ed.'' Allah's st at ement ,

ゅ⇔エ∇わプ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ モ ∠ バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ∠ ヤ͡バ∠ プ∠ ぴ び⇔ゅらΑ͡ゲホ∠ (He knew what you knew not , and He grant ed besides t hat a near vict ory.) means, Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored knew t he benefit and goodness of t urning you away from Makkah and prevent ing you from ent ering it in t he year of Al-Hudaybiyyah, He knew t hat which you had no knowledge of,

び∠マャ͡ク∠ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ モ ∠ バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and He grant ed besides t hat ) ` before ent ering Makkah as you were promised in t he vision t hat t he Prophet saw, He grant ed a close vict ory, i.e. t he t reat y of peace t hat you conduct ed bet ween you and your idolat or enemies.'

The Good News that Muslims will conquer the Known World, and ultimately the Entire World Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said, while delivering t he glad t idings t o t he believers t hat t he Messenger will t riumph over his enemies and t he rest of t he people of t he eart h,

びあペ∠エ∇ャや リ ͡ Α͡キヱ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ モ ∠シ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He it is Who has sent His Messenger wit h guidance and t he religion of t rut h,) wit h beneficial knowledge and right eous good deeds. Indeed, t he Islamic Shari` ah has t wo fact ors, knowledge and deeds. The t rue religious knowledge is by definit ion t rue, and t he accept ed Islamic act s are by definit ion accept ed. Therefore, t he news and creed t hat t his religion conveys are t rue and it s commandment s are j ust ,

び͡ヮヤあミ⊥ リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ヰ͡ ∇ヌΒ⊥ ャ͡ぴ (t hat He may make it superior t o all religi- ons.) all t he religions of t he people of t he eart h, Arabs and non-Arabs alike, whet her having cert ain ideologies or being at heist s or idolat ors.

び⇔やギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヘ∠ミ∠ヱぴ (And All-Sufficient is Allah as a Wit ness.) t hat Muhammad is His Messenger and t hat He will grant him vict ory. Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored has t he best knowledge.

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ￢⊥ へｚギセ ͡ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケｚ ∀ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョぁ ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ や⇔ギｚイシ ⊥ ゅ⇔バｚミケ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨ∠ェケ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΒ͡シ ゅ⇔ルや∠ヲ∇ッケ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ Κ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ョ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ キ͡ ヲ⊥イジ ぁ ャや ゲ͡ を∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョあ ナ ∠ ヤ∠∇ピわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ロ⊥ ケ∠ コ∠ べ∠プ ロ⊥ ほ∠∇トセ ∠ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ネ ∃ ∇ケゴ∠ ミ∠ モ ͡ Β͡イル͡Ηや ヴ͡プ

ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ナ ∠ Β͡ピΒ∠ ャ͡ ネ ∠ やケｚ ゴぁ ャや ょ ⊥ イ ͡ ∇バΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ホ͡ ヲ⊥シ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ヲわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ (29. Muhammad is t he Messenger of Allah. And t hose who are wit h him are severe against disbelievers, and merciful among t hemselves. You see t hem bowing falling down prost rat e, seeking reward from Allah and accept ance. The mark of t hem is on t heir faces from t he t races of prost rat ion. This is t heir descript ion in t he Tawrah. But t heir descript ion in t he Inj il is like a seed which sends fort h it s shoot , t hen makes it st rong, and becomes t hick and it st ands st raight on it s st em, delight ing t he sowers, t hat He may enrage t he disbelievers wit h t hem. Allah has promised t hose among t hem who believe and do right eous good deeds, forgiveness and a might y reward.)

Qualities of the Faithful Believers and Their Refinement Allah declares t hat wit hout doubt , Muhammad is t ruly His Messenger,

び͡ヮヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケｚ ∀ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョぁ ぴ (Muhammad is t he Messenger of Allah.) and t his qualit y includes every beaut iful descript ion. Allah praises t he Companions of t he Messenger , may Allah be pleased wit h t hem all,

び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨ∠ェケ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ￢⊥ へｚギセ ͡ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who are wit h him are severe against disbelievers, merciful among t hemselves.) j ust as He, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, said in anot her Ayah,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∃ ャｚク͡ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∠リΑ͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ り∃ ゴｚ ハ ͡ ぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Allah will bring a people whom He will love and t hey will love Him; humble t owards t he believers, st ern t owards t he disbelievers.)(5:54) This is t he descript ion of t he believers; harsh wit h t he disbelievers, merciful and kind t o t he believers, angry wit hout smiling before t he disbelievers, smiling and beaming wit h pleasure before his believing brot her. Allah t he Exalt ed said in anot her Ayah,

リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ホ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ∠Αぴ び⇔るヌ ∠ ∇ヤビ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Β∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや (O you who believe! Fight t hose of t he disbelievers who are close t o you, and let t hem find harshness in you.) (9:123) The Prophet said,

モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ェ ⊥ や∠ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ キあ や∠ヲゎ∠ ヶ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ » ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ハや∠ギゎ∠ ∀ヲ∇ツハ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヴ∠ムわ∠ ∇セや や∠クま͡ ∩͡ギェ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや ギ͡ ジ ∠イ ∠ ∇ャや «ゲ∠ヰジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ヴｚヨエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ギ͡ ジ ∠イ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠シ (The parable of t he believers in t heir kindness and mercy for each ot her, is t hat of t he body: when one of it s organs falls ill, t he rest of t he body responds wit h fever and sleeplessness.) The Prophet also said,

«ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ヮ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ぁギゼ ⊥ Α∠ ͡ラゅ∠Β∇レら⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや» (A believer t o anot her believer is like a building whose different part s enforce each ot her.) Then he clasped his hands wit h his fingers int erlaced. Bot h of t hese Hadit hs were collect ed in t he Sahih. Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ Κ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ や⇔ギｚイシ ⊥ ゅ⇔バｚミケ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ゲゎ∠ ぴ び⇔ゅルや∠ヲ∇ッケ͡ ヱ∠ (You see t hem bowing and falling down prost rat e, seeking reward from Allah and accept ance.) Allah describes t he believers as act ive in performing right eous deeds and in praying, which is t he best act ion t here is, all t he while being sincere t o Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored in t he prayer, await ing His generous reward alone. Allah's best reward is Paradise t hat cont ains His bount ies and favors, abundant provisions, as well as, earning His good pleasure t hat is great er t han t he former reward. Allah said,

び⊥ゲら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ラ ∀ ヲ∠ ∇ッケ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (But t he great est bliss is t he accept ance by Allah) (9: 72) The st at ement of Allah t he Exalt ed next ,

び͡キヲ⊥イジ ぁ ャや ゲ͡ を∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΒ͡シぴ

(The mark of t hem is on t heir faces from t he t races of prost rat ion.) refers t o graceful appearance, according t o Ibn ` Abbas as report ed from him by ` Ali bin Abi Talhah. Muj ahid and several ot hers explained: "It means, humbleness and reverence.'' Some said, "The right eous good deed brings light t o t he heart , bright ness t o t he face, ampleness in provisions, and love in people's heart s.'' The Leader of t he fait hful, ` Ut hman bin ` Affan said, "Everyone who hides a secret , t hen Allah t he Exalt ed will eit her show on his face what he's done or by t he words t hat accident ally slip from his mout h.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas said t hat t he Prophet said,

∩∠ウャ͡ゅｚダャや ろ ∠ ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ∩∠ウャ͡ゅｚダャや ヵ ∠ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» リ ∠ ョ͡ や⇔￢∇ゴィ ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡ゲ∇ゼハ ͡ ヱ∠ る∃ ジ ∠ ∇ヨカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀￢∇ゴィ ⊥ ∩∠キゅ∠ダわ͡ ∇ホゅ∇ャや∠ヱ «りｚヲら⊥ レぁ ャや (Verily, good conduct , graceful appearance and moderat ion are one part out of t went y-five part s of prophet hood.) Abu Dawud also collect ed t his Hadit h. Therefore, since t he Companions, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem all, had sincere int ent ions and right eous good deeds, all t hose who looked at t hem liked t heir appearance and conduct . Imam Malik said, "I was t old t hat when t he Christ ians saw t he Companions, who conquered Ash-Sham, t hey comment ed, ` These people are, by Allah, bet t er t han t he Disciples (of ` Isa) according t o what has been conveyed t o us.''' They indeed said t he t rut h, f or t his Ummah was ment ioned in an honorable way in previously revealed Script ures. The best and most honored members of t his Ummah are t he Companions of t he Messenger of Allah . Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, praised t hem in previous Books and Revelat ions, and t his is why He said here,

び͡りや∠ケ∇ヲわｚャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ョ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (This is t heir descript ion in t he Tawrah), t hen said,

び⊥ロほ∠∇トセ ∠ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ネ ∃ ∇ケゴ∠ ミ∠ モ ͡ Β͡イル͡Ηや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (But t heir descript ion in t he Inj il is like a seed which sends fort h it s shoot (Shat ` ah,)) it s shoot or branch,

び⊥ロケ∠ コ∠ べ∠プぴ (t hen makes it st rong,) able t o st and on it s own,

び∠ナヤ∠∇ピわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ (and becomes t hick), yout hful and long,

び∠ネやｚケゴぁ ャや ょ ⊥ イ ͡ ∇バΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ホ͡ ヲ⊥シ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ヲわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ (and it st ands st raight on it s st em, delight ing t he sowers,) Such is t he parable t hat describes t he Companions of Allah's Messenger . They gave t he Messenger aid, support and vict ory, j ust as t he shoot hardens t he plant ,

び∠ケゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ∠ナΒ͡ピ∠Β͡ャぴ (t hat He may enrage t he disbelievers wit h t hem. ) Relying on t his Ayah, Imam Malik st at ed t hat t he Rawafid are disbelievers because t hey hat e t he Companions, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem all. Malik said, "The Companions enrage t hem, and according t o t his Ayah, he who is enraged by t he Companions is a disbeliever.'' Several scholars agreed wit h Malik's opinion, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem. There are numerous Hadit hs ment ioning t he virt ues of t he Companions and prohibit ing t he crit icism on t heir mist akes. It is sufficient t hat Allah t he Exalt ed has praised t hem and declared t hat He is pleased wit h t hem. Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び⇔りゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ (Allah has promised t hose among t hem who believe and do right eous deeds, forgiveness) for t heir sins,

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and a might y reward.) a generous reward and honorable provisions. Cert ainly, Allah's promise is t rue and shall come t o pass and will never be broken or changed. Surely, all t hose who follow t he guidance of t he Companions, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem all, will be similar t o t hem. However, t he Companions have t he bet t er virt ue, t he obvious lead and t he perfect ion in charact er, on account of which none among t his Ummah will be able t o at t ain t heir level. May Allah be pleased wit h t hem and make t hem pleased. May He place t hem in t he gardens of AlFirdaws, and make it t heir abode, and He indeed has done all of t hat . In his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヲプ∠ ∩ヶ͡よゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ やヲぁらジ ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ｚギョ⊥ ポ ∠ ケ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩ゅ⇔らワ∠ ク∠ ギ∃ ェ ⊥ ぺ⊥ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ペ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ «ヮ∠ヘΒ͡ダル∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ (Do not abuse my Companions, for by t he One in Whose Hand is my soul! If one of you spends t he amount of Uhud in gold, t hat amount will never reach t he level of one of t hem spending a

Mudd half of it .) This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Fat h; all praise and t hanks is due t o Allah.

Al-Hujurat (Chapter - 49) Which was revealed in Al-Madinah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ン ͡ ギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョギあ ボ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ - ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ∇ヲタ ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ∠ ヲ∠ ∇タぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バプ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇ユム⊥ ツ ͡ ∇バよ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ヰイ ∠ ミ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヰ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ あ ら͡ レｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ テ ∠ ら∠ ∇エゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ͡ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ヲ∠ ∇タぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁツピ⊥ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ヤ͡ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや リ ∠エ ∠ わ∠ ∇ョや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや び ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ゲ∀ ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ (1. O you who believe! Make not (a decision) in advance before Allah and His Messenger, and have Taqwa of Allah. Verily, Allah is Hearing, Knowing.) (2. O you who believe! Raise not your voices above t he voice of t he Prophet , nor speak aloud t o him in t alk as you speak aloud t o one anot her, lest your deeds should be t hwart ed while you perceive not .) (3. Verily, t hose who lower t heir voices in t he presence of Allah's Messenger, t hey are t he ones whose heart s Allah has t est ed for Taqwa. For t hem is forgiveness and a great reward.)

The Prohibition of making a Decision in advance of Allah and His Messenger; ordering Respect towards the Prophet t hese Ayat , Allah t he Exalt ed t eaches His fait hful servant s t he good manners t hey should observe wit h t he Messenger , which are respect , honor and est eem. Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ン ͡ ギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョギあ ボ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び͡ヮャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ (O you who believe! Make not (a decision) in advance before Allah and His Messenger,) meaning, do not rush in making decisions before him, rat her, follow his lead in all mat t ers. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, comment ed;

び͡ヮ͡ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ン ͡ ギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョギあ ボ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (Make not (a decision) in advance before Allah and His Messenger,) "Do not say anyt hing t hat cont radict s t he Qur'an and Sunnah.'' Qat adah comment ed, "We were t old t hat some people used t o say, ` Revelat ion should be sent down about such and such mat t ers,' and, ` such and such pract ices should be rendered allowed.' Allah t he Exalt ed disliked t his at t it ude.'' Allah said,

び∠ヮヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (and have Taqwa of Allah.) meaning, ` in what He has ordered you;'

び∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is Hearing,) ` your st at ement s,'

び∀ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ぴ (Knowing.) ` your int ent ions.' Allah said,

ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ∠ ヲ∠ ∇タぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バプ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ びあヴら͡ レｚ ャや れ ͡ ∇ヲタ ∠ (O you who believe! Raise not your voices above t he voice of t he Prophet ,) This cont ains anot her kind of favorable behavior. Allah t he Exalt ed is t eaching t he believers t hat t hey should not raise t heir voices above t he voice of t he Prophet . It was st at ed t hat t his Ayah was revealed about Abu Bakr and ` Umar. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn Abi Mulaykah said, "The t wo right eous ones, Abu Bakr and ` Umar, almost earned dest ruct ion when t hey raised t heir voices before t he Prophet who was receiving t he delegat ion of Bani Tamim. One of t hem recommended Al-Aqra` bin Habis t he member of t he Banu Muj ashi` while t he ot her recommended anot her man. Nafi` (a subnarrat or) said: "I don't remember his name. '' Abu Bakr said t o ` Umar, ` You only want ed t o cont radict me,' while ` Umar said, ` I did not int end t o cont radict you.' Their voices t hen became loud, t hereupon Allah t he Exalt ed sent down t his Ayah,

ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ∠ ヲ∠ ∇タぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バプ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ゲ͡ ∇ヰイ ∠ ミ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヰ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ あ ら͡ レｚ ャや れ ͡ ∇ヲタ ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ テ ∠ ら∠ ∇エゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ͡ ∇バよ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ (O you who believe! Raise not your voices above t he voice of t he Prophet , nor speak aloud t o him in t alk as you speak aloud t o one anot her, lest your deeds should be t hwart ed while you perceive not .)'' ` Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr said, "Aft er t hat , ` Umar's voice was so low t hat t he Messenger of Allah had t o ask him t o repeat what he said so t hat he could underst and what he was saying t o him.'' ` Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr did not ment ion t he same regarding his fat her, Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased wit h him. Muslim did not collect t his Hadit h. In anot her narrat ion collect ed by Al-Bukhari, he said t hat a delegat ion from t he t ribe of Banu Tamim came t o t he Prophet and t hat Abu Bakr recommended Al-Qa` qa` bin Ma` bad t o be appoint ed as t heir leader, while ` Umar recommended Al-Aqra` bin Habis. Muslim did not collect t his narrat ion. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said, "The Prophet missed Thabit bin Qays and a man said, ` O Allah's Messenger! I will find out about his news.' That man went t o Thabit and found him sit t ing at home wit h his head lowered and asked him, ` What is t he mat t er' Thabit said, ` An evil mat t er!' And he said t hat he used t o raise his voice above t he voice of t he Prophet . He feared t hat his good deeds would be useless and he would be among t he people of t he Fire. The man went back t o t he Prophet and conveyed Thabit 's st at ement and ret urned t o Thabit wit h a wonderfully good news. The Prophet said,

∩͡ケゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ジャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ょワ∠ ∇クや» «るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ レｚ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ (Go back t o him and t ell him t his news; you are not among t he people of t he Fire. Rat her, you are among t he dwellers of Paradise.)'' Al-Bukhari collect ed t his Hadit h wit h t his wording. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said, "When t his Ayah was revealed,

ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ∠ ヲ∠ ∇タぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バプ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ びあヴら͡ レｚ ャや れ ͡ ∇ヲタ ∠ (O you who believe! Raise not your voices above t he voice of t he Prophet ), unt il,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (while you perceive not ), Thabit bin Qays bin Ash-Shammas, whose voice was loud, said, ` I was t he one who raised his voice above t he voice of Allah's Messenger . I am among t he dwellers of t he Fire. My good deeds have been done in vain.' He remained in his house feeling dist ressed,

and t he Messenger of Allah not iced his absence. So some men went t o Thabit and said t o him, ` The Prophet not iced your absence. What is t he mat t er wit h you' Thabit said, ` I used t o raise my voice above t he voice of t he Prophet and speak loudly in front of him. My deeds have been rendered useless and I am among t he people of t he Fire.' They went t o t he Prophet and t old him what Thabit said and t he Prophet said,

«るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ∩ゅ∠ャ» (Nay, he is among t he dwellers of Paradise.)'' Anas comment ed, "We used t o see Thabit walk among us knowing t hat he was (t o be) among t he dwellers of Paradise. During t he bat t le of Yamamah, our forces suffered ret reat . Suddenly, Thabit bin Qays bin Shammas came, having put on his Hanut and shrouds, and said, ` The worst habit is t he one you acquire from your enemy and do not set a bad example for your companions.' And he went on fight ing unt il he was mart yred, may Allah be pleased wit h him.'' Allah t hen prohibit ed speaking t o t he Prophet in a loud voice, j ust as one speaks loudly t o anot her in a way t hat offends him. Inst ead, t hey were required t o speak t o him in t erms of respect , honor and calmness. This is why Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

び∃ヂ∇バら∠ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ͡ ∇バよ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ヰイ ∠ ミ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヰ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor speak aloud t o him in t alk as you speak aloud t o one anot her,) j ust as He said in anot her Ayah,

∇ユム⊥ ツ ͡ ∇バよ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ハギ⊥ ミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ￢∠ べ∠ハキ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ｚぴ び⇔ゅツ∇バよ∠ (Make not t he calling of t he Messenger among you as your calling one of anot her.) (24:63) Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ テ ∠ ら∠ ∇エゎ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ (lest your deeds should be t hwart ed while you perceive not .) means, ` We ordered you t o refrain from raising your voices t o t he Prophet , so t hat he will not get angry wit h you, because in doing so, you will also anger Allah.' The good deeds of he who caused t he Prophet 's anger will become useless wit hout him even knowing. In t he Sahih, t here is a Hadit h t hat st at es,

ぶ ͡ や ラ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ッケ͡ ∇リョ͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤｚム∠ わ∠ Β∠ ャ∠ モ ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ムΑ⊥ ∩ゅ⇔ャゅ∠よ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ヶ͡ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ͡ や テ ͡ガ ∠シ ∠ ∇リョ͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤｚム∠ わ∠ Β∠ ャ∠ モ ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや

リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ∠ バ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヵ͡ヲ∇ヰΑ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ャゅ∠よ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ヶ͡ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ «チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (Verily, a man might ut t er a word t hat pleases Allah t he Exalt ed, even t hough he does not recognize t he significance of his word, and on it s account Paradise is writ t en for him. Verily, a man might ut t er a word carelessly t hat angers Allah t he Exalt ed, and on it s account , he is cast in t he Fire fart her t han t he dist ance bet ween t he heavens and eart h.) Allah t hen ordains lowering one's voice before t he Messenger and encourages, direct s and recommends t his bet t er behavior.

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ͡ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ヲ∠ ∇タぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁツピ⊥ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ヤ͡ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ∠エ ∠ わ∠ ∇ョや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ (Verily, t hose who lower t heir voices in t he presence of Allah's Messenger, t hey are t he ones whose heart s Allah has t est ed for Taqwa.) whose heart s have been purified by Allah and made as a residence and dwelling for t he Taqwa,

び∀ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ゲ∀ ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ぴ (For t hem is forgiveness and a great reward.) Imam Ahmad recorded in t he Book of Az-Zuhd t hat Muj ahid said, "Someone wrot e t o ` Umar, ` O Leader of t he fait hful! Who is bet t er, a man who does not feel t he desire t o commit a sin and does not commit it , or a man who feels desire t o commit a sin, but does not commit it ' ` Umar replied, ` He who feels desire t o commit a sin, but does not commit it ,

ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ヤ͡ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや リ ∠エ ∠ わ∠ ∇ョや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ び∀ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ゲ∀ ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ (t hey are t he ones whose heart s Allah has t est ed for Taqwa. For t hem is forgiveness and a great reward.)'''

∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ れ ͡ ゲ∠ イ ⊥エ ⊥ ∇ャや ￢͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ル∠ ヱ⊥キゅ∠レΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま∠ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ァ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムャ∠

(4. Verily, t hose who call you from behind t he dwellings, most of t hem have no sense.) (5. And if t hey had pat ience t ill you could come out t o t hem, it would have been bet t er for t hem. And Allah is Forgiving, Most Merciful.)

Admonishing Those Who call the Prophet from behind Dwellings Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Blessed admonished t hose, such as t he uncivilized bedouins, who used t o call t o t he Prophet from behind t he dwellings which belong t o his wives,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ぴ (most of t hem have no sense.) Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored t hen ordains t he bet t er behavior in t his regard,

や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ァ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ (And if t hey had pat ience t ill you could come out t o t hem, it would have been bet t er for t hem.) it would have earned t hem t he bet t er benefit of t his life and t he Hereaft er. Allah, Wort hy of all praise, t hen encourages t hem t o t urn t o Him in repent ance.

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is Forgiving, Most Merciful.) It was report ed t hat t his Ayah was revealed about AlAqra` bin Habis At -Tamimi, may Allah be pleased wit h him, according t o more t han one source. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Al-Aqra` bin Habis said t hat he called t he Messenger of Allah from behind his dwellings, saying, "O Muhammad! O Muhammad!'' "O Allah's Messenger!'' according t o anot her narrat ion, but t he Messenger did not answer him, Al-Aqra` said, "O Allah's Messenger.

Investigating the Reliability of the News conveyed by Wicked People Allah t he Exalt ed ordered invest igat ing t he news t hat sinners and t he wicked bring, t o make sure of it s aut hent icit y. Ot herwise, if t he sinner's word is t aken for grant ed and a decision is based on it , regardless of whet her t he informat ion is t rue or not , t he aut horit ies will be t aking t he lead of t he sinners. Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored forbade t aking t he pat h of t he corrupt ed and sinners. This is why groups of t he scholars of Hadit h refuse t o accept narrat ions from narrat ors whose reliabilit y is unknown, for t hey might be from among t he wicked people, in realit y.

The Prophet's Decision is Better

Allah said,

び͡ヮヤｚャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱぴ (And know t hat among you t here is t he Messenger of Allah.) ` know t hat among you is t he Messenger of Allah . Therefore, honor and respect him, be polit e wit h him and obey his orders. For he is more knowledgeable about what benefit s you and is more concerned wit h you t han you yourselves are. His opinions in such mat t ers are more complet e t han your own.' Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Blessed said in anot her Ayah,

び∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャやぴ (The Prophet is closer t o t he believers t han t hemselves) (33:6). Then He clarifies t hat t hey fall short in overseeing t heir own benefit ;

び∇ユわぁ レ͡ バ∠ ャ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ゲ∃ Β͡んミ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ Β͡トΑ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ (If he were t o obey you in much of t he mat t er, you would surely be in t rouble.) ` if he obeys all of your opinions and desires, you will earn t rouble and hardship.' Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや れ ͡ ギ∠ ジ ∠ ヘ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や ヲ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ミグ͡ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠ゎ∠ぺ ∇モよ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョぁ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ (And if t he t rut h had been in accordance wit h t heir desires, verily, t he heavens and t he eart h, and whosoever is t herein would have been corrupt ed! Nay, We have brought t hem t heir reminder, but t hey t urn away from t heir reminder.) (23:71) Allah's st at ement ,

ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ レ∠ Αｚ コ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑΙや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ょ ∠ らｚェ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ (But Allah has endeared t he fait h t o you and has beaut ified it in your heart s,) ` made fait h dear t o your souls and beaut ified it in your heart s.' Allah said,

び∠ラゅ∠Β∇ダバ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ∠ ヲ⊥ジヘ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ∠ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ロ∠ ゲｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and has made disbelief, Fusuq and ` Isyan hat eful t o you.) ` He has made disbelief, sins, whet her maj or or minor, and ` Isyan -- all t ypes of sins, hat eful t o you.' This st at ement t ransfers us from one level t o a bet t er level, t o perfect Allah's bount y. Allah's st at ement next ,

び∠ラヱ⊥ギセ ͡ ゲ∠ ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (Such are t hey who are t he right ly guided.) t hose who have t hese qualit ies are t he right ly guided ones whom Allah has grant ed guidance and correct ness. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Rifa` ah Az-Zuraqi said t hat his fat her said, "During t he bat t le of Uhud, when t he idolat ors ret reat ed, t he Messenger of Allah said,

«モ∠ィヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヶ ∠ レ͡ ∇をぺ⊥ ヴ∇わェ ∠ やヱ⊥ヲわ∠ ∇シや» (St ay in st raight lines so t hat I praise my Lord, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored.) They st ood behind him in lines and he said,

ろ ∠ ∇トジ ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ヂ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ャ ｚユヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや ∩⊥ヮヤぁミ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや» ∩∠ろ∇ヤヤ∠∇ッぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ヵ ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠ワ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠ろ∇ツら∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ テ ∠シ ͡ ゅ∠よ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇バレ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ヶ ∠ト ͡ ∇バョ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠ろ∇Αギ∠ ワ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ｚモツ ͡ ョ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠れ∇ギハ ∠ ゅ∠よ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ゆ ∠ ゲあ ボ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠ろ∇Βト ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ノ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ゎ͡ ゅミ∠ ゲ∠ よ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇テジ ⊥ ∇よや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや .ろ ∠ ∇よゲｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ギ∠ ハ ͡ ゅ∠らョ⊥ マ ∠ ャ⊥ほ∠∇シぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや ∩∠マ͡ホ∇コ͡ケ∠ヱ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ヶあルま͡ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや .メ ⊥ ヱ⊥ゴΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥エΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ヵ͡グャｚや ユ∠ Β͡ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ∠ Β͡バレｚ ャや .フ ͡ ∇ヲガ ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ∠ ∇ョほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ る͡ ヤ∠∇Βバ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ユ∠ Β͡バレｚ ャや マ ∠ ャ⊥ほ∠∇シぺ∠ ゲあ セ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇Βト ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゲあ セ ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ よ͡ ∀グ͡もゅ∠ハ ヶあルま͡ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ∇レΑあ コ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ヨΑみ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ょらあ ェ ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや .ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇バレ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ダバ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ∠ ヲ⊥ジヘ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ∠ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ロゲあ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅ∠レプｚ ∠ヲ∠ゎ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや .リ ∠ Α͡ギセ ͡ やｚゲャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ

ゅ∠Αや∠ゴカ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡エャ͡ゅｚダャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レ∇ボエ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅ∠レΒ͡ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ Α⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや り∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ム∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ホ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや ∩∠リΒ͡ルヲ⊥わ∇ヘョ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ マ ∠ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠シ ⊥ ケ⊥ やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや り∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ム∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ホ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや ∩∠マよ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ゴ∠ ∇ィケ͡ «ペ∠エ∇ャや ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゆ ∠ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや (O Allah! Your is t he praise. O Allah! There is none who can wit hhold what You send, or send what You wit hhold, or guide whom You send ast ray, or misguide whomever You guide, or give what You deprive, or deprive whom You give, or draw closer whom You cast or cast whom You draw closer. O Allah! Best ow on us from Your blessings, mercy, grace and provisions. O Allah! I ask You for t he et ernal delight t hat never ends or fades away. O Allah! I ask You for provisions on t he Day of deprivat ion and safet y on t he Day of fear. O Allah! I seek refuge wit h You from t he evil repercussions of what You have given us and from t he evil of what You have deprived us of. O Allah! Make fait h dear t o us and beat if y it in our heart s and make disbelief, Fusuq and ` Isyan hat eful t o us, and make us among t he right ly guided. O Allah! Allow us t o die as Muslims, live as Muslims and j oin us wit h t he ranks of t he right eous ones, wit hout t ast ing humiliat ion or t urmoil. O Allah! Fight t he disbelievers who deny Your Messengers and hinder ot hers from Your pat h; send on t hem Your t orment and punishment . O Allah! Fight t he disbelievers who were given t he Script ures, t he True God.)'' An-Nasa'i collect ed t his Hadit h in ` Amal Al-Yawm walLaylah. Allah said,

び⇔るヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ Κ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ぴ ((This is) a grace from Allah and His favor.) meaning, t his favor t hat He has best owed on you is a favor and a bount y from Him t o you,

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.) All-Knower in t hose who deserve guidance and t hose who deserve misguidance, All-Wise in His st at ement s, act ions, legislat ion and t he dest iny He appoint s.

∇やヲ⊥エヤ͡∇タほ∠プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠わ∠わ∇ホや リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボプ∠ ンゲ∠ ∇カΕ ⊥ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ や∠ギ∇ェま͡ ∇ろピ∠ よ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠プ ラ͡みプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢∠ ヴ͡ヘゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヴ͡ピ∇らゎ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや

ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥トジ ͡ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ メ ͡ ∇ギバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エヤ͡∇タほ∠プ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エヤ͡∇タほ∠プ∠ り∀ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡トジ ͡ ∇ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Αヲ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ (9. And if t wo part ies among t he believers fall t o fight ing, t hen make peace bet ween t hem bot h. But if one of t hem out rages against t he ot her, t hen fight you (all) against t he one t hat which out rages t ill it complies wit h t he command of Allah. Then if it complies, t hen make reconciliat ion bet ween t hem j ust ly, and be equit able. Verily, Allah loves t hose who are t he equit able.) (10. The believers are but a brot herhood. So make reconciliat ion bet ween your brot hers, and have Taqwa of Allah t hat you may receive mercy.)

Making Peace between Disputing Muslims Allah commands making peace bet ween Muslims t hat fight each ot her,

∇やヲ⊥エヤ͡∇タほ∠プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠わ∠わ∇ホや リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ (And if t wo part ies among t he believers fall t o fight ing, t hen make peace bet ween t hem bot h.) Therefore, Allah calls bot h opposing groups among Muslims, believers, alt hough t hey are fight ing each ot her. Al-Bukhari and ot her scholars relied on t his Hadit h as evidence t hat commit t ing a sin does not nullify fait h, no mat t er how maj or t he sin is. This creed cont radict s t he creed of t he Khawarij sect and t hose who accept ed t heir idea, such as t he Mu` t azilah sect . Al-Bukhari narrat ed t hat Al-Hasan said t hat Abu Bakrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah gave a speech on t he Minbar while Al-Hasan bin ` Ali was wit h him. He was repeat edly looking at AlHasan and t hen at t he people; t hen said,

ヮ͡ よ͡ ウ ∠ ヤ͡∇ダΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ やモ ｚ バ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∀ギΒあ ∠シ や∠グワ ヶ͡レ∇よや ラ ｚ ま͡» «リΒ͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ヨ∠ Β͡ヌハ ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ゃ∠ プ͡ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ (Verily, t his son of mine is a Sayyid (chief or mast er), and may Allah make peace bet ween t wo great groups of Muslims t hrough him.) What t he Prophet said, occurred. Al-Hasan brought peace bet ween t he people of Ash-Sham and ` Iraq, aft er t hey fought t remendous wars and fright ening bat t les. Allah's st at ement ,

ヴ͡わャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボプ∠ ン∠ゲ∇カΕ ⊥ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ や∠ギ∇ェま͡ ∇ろピ∠ よ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢∠ ヴ͡ヘゎ∠ ヴわｚ ェ ∠ ヴ͡ピ∇らゎ∠ (But if one of t hem out rages against t he ot her, t hen fight you (all) against t he one t hat which out rages t ill it complies wit h t he command of Allah.) means, unt il t he rebellious group refers t o t he commands of Allah and His Messenger for j udgement and t hey list en t o and obey t he t rut h. There is a Hadit h in t he Sahih in which Anas st at es t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ヤ∇ヌョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヨャ͡ゅ∠ニ ポ ∠ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ∇ゲダ ⊥ ∇ルや» (Help your brot her, whet her he is an oppressor or he is oppressed.) "I asked, ` O Allah's Messenger! It is right t hat I help him if he is oppressed, but how should I help him if he is an oppressor' He said,

«ロゅｚΑ͡ま ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ダル∠ ポ ∠ や∠グプ∠ ユ͡ ∇ヤヌ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ レ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ » (By prevent ing him from oppressing ot hers; t his is how you help him in t his case.)'' Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat t ribes of Aws and Khazraj once got in a scuffle using dat e t ree branches and slippers. Allah revealed t his honorable Ayah commanding t hem t o make peace bet ween t hem. As-Suddi said, "A man from Al-Ansar, whose name was ` Imran, had a wife called Umm Zayd. She want ed t o visit her family, but her husband prevent ed her from visit ing t hem by locking her in an upper room. So, none of her family could visit or see her. She sent someone t o her family. They came, t ook her down from t he room and want ed t o t ake her away. Her husband was absent at t he t ime, so his family called on t heir people. Their cousins came t o help prevent t he wife from going wit h her family. A push and shove sit uat ion occurred t hat led t o t hem fight ing using slippers. This Ayah was t hen revealed in t heir case, and t he Messenger of Allah sent someone t o bring peace bet ween t hem, and t hey bot h agreed t o resort t o t he decision of Allah t he Exalt ed.'' The st at ement of Allah t he Exalt ed, next ,

ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥トジ ͡ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ メ ͡ ∇ギバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エヤ͡∇タほ∠プ∠ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠プ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ び∠リΒ͡トジ ͡ ∇ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや (Then if it complies, t hen make reconciliat ion bet ween t hem j ust ly, and be equit able. Verily, Allah loves t hose who are t he equit able.) means, be fair in your j udgement regarding t he disput e t hat occurred bet ween t hem,

び∠リΒ͡トジ ͡ ∇ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah loves t hose who are t he equit able.) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded, t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ぽ∃ ャ⊥∇ぽャ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゲ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡トジ ͡ ∇ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» ヶ͡プ やヲ⊥トジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ リ ͡ ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヵ ͡ ギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ «ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや (Verily, t hose who are equit able in t his life, will be on podiums made of pearls before ArRahman, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, on account of t heir fairness in t his life.) An-Nasa'i collect ed t his Hadit h. Allah's st at ement ,

び∀りヲ∠ ∇カま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (The believers are but a brot herhood.) means, all of t hem are brot hers in Islam. The Messenger of Allah said,

«ヮ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ユ͡ ヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヲ⊥カぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや» (The Muslim is t he brot her of t he Muslim, he is not unj ust wit h him nor does he forsake him.) In t he Sahih,

ラ ͡ ∇ヲハ ∠ ヶ͡プ ギ⊥ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ͡ ∇ヲハ ∠ ヶ͡プ ぶ ⊥ や∠ヱ» «ヮΒ͡カぺ∠ (Allah helps t he servant as long as t he servant helps his brot her.) Also in t he Sahih:

:マ ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇ヰヌ ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡カほ∠ャ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ハキ∠ や∠クま͡» «ヮ͡ヤ∇んヨ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ョへ (If t he Muslim invokes Allah for t he benefit of his absent brot her, t he angel says aft erwards, "Amin, and for you t he same.'') There are many Hadit hs wit h t his meaning, such as, in t he Sahih,

∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ェ ⊥ や∠ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ キあ や∠ヲゎ∠ ヶ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ » ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヴ∠ム∠わ∇セや や∠クま͡ ∩͡ギェ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや ギ͡ ジ ∠イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡タ ⊥ や∠ヲゎ∠ ヱ∠ «ゲ∠ヰジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ヴｚヨエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ギ͡ ジ ∠イ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠シ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ハや∠ギゎ∠ ∀ヲ∇ツハ ⊥

(The parable of t he believers in relat ion t o t he kindness, mercy and compassion t hey have for each ot her, is t hat of t he body: when an organ of it falls ill, t he rest of t he body responds wit h fever and sleeplessness.) And also in Sahih.

«ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ヮ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ぁギゼ ⊥ Α∠ ͡ラゅ∠Β∇レら⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや» (A believer t o anot her believer is like a building whose different part s enforce each ot her.) The Prophet t hen clasped his hands wit h t he fingers int erlaced. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Αヲ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エヤ͡∇タほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So make reconciliat ion bet ween your brot hers, ) refers t o t he t wo groups t hat fight each ot her,

び∠ヮヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (and have Taqwa of Allah) in all of your affairs,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (t hat you may receive mercy.) and t his is a promise from Allah t hat He will grant mercy t o t hose who fear and obey Him.

ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ リあョ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ゲガ ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ￢∃ べ∠ジルあ リあョ ∀￢べ∠ジ͡ル Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゴヨ͡ ∇ヤゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ∇レョあ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ｚリム⊥ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヨΑΙや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ベ ⊥ ヲ⊥ジヘ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ∇シΙや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ゴよ∠ ゅ∠レゎ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ∇ょわ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ (11. O you who believe! Let not a group scoff at anot her group, it may be t hat t he lat t er are bet t er t han t he former. Nor let (some) women scoff at ot her women, it may be t hat t he lat t er are bet t er t han t he former. Nor defame yourselves, nor insult one anot her by nicknames. Evil is t he name of wickedness aft er fait h. And whosoever does not repent , t hen such are indeed wrongdoers.)

The Prohibition of mocking and ridiculing One Another

Allah t he Exalt ed forbids scoffing at people, which implies humiliat ing and belit t ling t hem. In t he Sahih, it is recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«サゅｚレャや ゾ ⊥ ∇ヨビ ∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ト ∠ よ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇らム͡ ∇ャや» (Arrogance is refusing t he t rut h and belit t ling people.) And in anot her Version

«サゅｚレャや テ ⊥ ∇ヨビ ∠» (And despising people) It is forbidden t o scoff at and belit t le people, for t he inj ured part y could be more honored and dearer t o Allah t he Exalt ed t han t hose who ridicule and belit t le t hem. This is why Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ リあョ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ゲガ ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ￢∃ べジ ∠ ルあ リあョ ∀￢べ∠ジ͡ル Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ びｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョあ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ｚリム⊥ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ (O you who believe! Let not a group scoff at anot her group, it may be t hat t he lat t er are bet t er t han t he former. Nor let (some) women scoff at ot her women, it may be t hat t he lat t er are bet t er t han t he former.) t hus, st at ing t his prohibit ion for men and t hen women. The st at ement of Allah t he Exalt ed,

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゴヨ͡ ∇ヤゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Nor defame yourselves,) forbids defaming each ot her. He among men who is a slanderer, and a backbit er, is cursed and condemned as Allah st at es

び り∃ ゴ∠ ヨ∠ ャぁ り∃ ゴ∠ ヨ∠ ワ⊥ モ あ ム⊥ ャあ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱぴ (Woe t o every Humazah, Lumazah)(104:1) Hamz is defamat ion by act ion, while Lamz is by words. Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

び ユ∃ Β͡ヨレ∠ よ͡ ￢͡ べｚゼョｚ コ∃ ゅｚヨワ∠ ぴ (Hammaz (defaming), going about wit h slander.) (68:11) meaning, he belit t les and defames people, t ransgressing and spreading slander among t hem, which is t he Lamz t hat uses words as it s t ool. Allah's st at ement here,

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゴヨ͡ ∇ヤゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(Nor defame yourselves,) j ust as He said in anot her Ayah,

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Nor kill yourselves) (4:29), meaning, nor kill one anot her. ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Qat adah and Muqat il bin Hayyan said t hat t he Ayah,

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゴヨ͡ ∇ヤゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Nor defame yourselves,) means, none of you should defame each ot her,' while,

び͡ょ⇒∠ボ∇ャΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ゴよ∠ ゅ∠レゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor insult one anot her by nicknames.) means, ` you should not address people by nick names t hat people dislike.' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Jabirah bin Ad-Dahhak said, "This Ayah was revealed about us, Banu Salamah;

び͡ょ⇒∠ボ∇ャΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ゴよ∠ ゅ∠レゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor insult one anot her by nicknames.) When t he Messenger of Allah migrat ed t o Al-Madinah, every man among us had t wo or t hree nicknames. When t he Prophet called a man by one of t hese nicknames, people would say, ` O Allah's Messenger! He hat es t hat nickname.' Then t his Ayah,

び͡ょ⇒∠ボ∇ャΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ゴよ∠ ゅ∠レゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor insult one anot her by nicknames.) was revealed.'' Abu Dawud also collect ed t his Hadit h. The st at ement of Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored,

び͡ラゅ∠ヨΑΙや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ベ ⊥ ヲ⊥ジヘ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ∇シΙや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ぴ (Evil is t he name of wickedness aft er fait h), means, t he names and descript ions of wickedness are evil; meaning, ` t o use t he nicknames t hat were used by t he people of Jahiliyyah, aft er you embraced Islam and underst ood it ,'

び∇ょわ⊥ ∠Α ∇ユャｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever does not repent ,) means, from t his sin,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ (t hen such are indeed wrongdoers.)

ラ ｚ ま͡ リ あヌ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ユ⊥ムツ ⊥ ∇バよｚ ょ∠わ∇ピ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ジジ ｚイ ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ユ∇を͡ま リ あヌ ｚ ャや ヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ⇔わ∇Βョ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ ユ∠ ∇エャ∠ モ ∠ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ょ ぁ エ ͡ Α⊥ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ゆやｚヲ∠ゎ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ワゲ͡ ム∠ プ∠ (12. O you who believe! Avoid much suspicion; indeed some suspicion is sin. And spy not , neit her backbit e one anot her. Would one of you like t o eat t he flesh of his dead brot her You would hat e it . And have Taqwa of Allah. Verily, Allah is t he One Who forgives and accept s repent ance, Most Merciful.)

The Prohibition of Unfounded Suspicion Allah t he Exalt ed forbids His fait hful servant s from being suspicious, which includes having doubt s and suspicions about t he conduct of one's family, relat ives and ot her people in general. Therefore, Muslims are t o avoid suspicion wit hout foundat ion. The Leader of t he fait hful ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said, "Never t hink ill of t he word t hat comes out of your believing brot her's mout h, as long as you can find a good excuse for it .'' Malik recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat Allah's Messenger said,

ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩͡ゑΑ͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ⊥ グ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚヌ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ リ ｚヌ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡» ∩やヱ⊥ギシ ∠ ゅ∠エゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ やヲ⊥ジプ∠ ゅ∠レゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩やヲ⊥ジジ ｚエ ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ やヲ⊥ジジ ｚイ ∠ ゎ∠ ぶ ͡ や キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミヱ∠ ∩やヱ⊥ゲよ∠ や∠ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ やヲ⊥ツビ ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ «ゅ⇔ルや∠ヲ∇カま͡ (Beware of suspicion, for suspicion is t he worst of false t ales; do not spy on one anot her; do not look for ot her's fault s; do not be j ealous of one anot her; do not envy one anot her; do not hat e one anot her; and do not desert (shun) one anot her. And O Allah's servant s! Be brot hers!) The Two Sahihs and Abu Dawud recorded t his Hadit h. Anas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ャヱ∠ やヲ⊥ツビ ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ やヱ⊥ゲよ∠ や∠ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ やヲ⊥バデ ∠ ゅ∠ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ルや∠ヲ∇カ͡ま ぶ ͡ や キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミヱ∠ ∩やヱ⊥ギシ ∠ ゅ∠エゎ∠ «ュゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ を∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ゲ∠ イ ⊥ ∇ヰΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ユ∃ ヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ャ͡

(Do not shun each ot her; do not ignore one anot her; do not hat e one anot her, and do not envy one anot her, and be brot hers, O servant s of Allah. No Muslim is allowed t o shun his brot her for more t han t hree days.) Muslim and At -Tirmidhi collect ed t his Hadit h, who considered it Sahih. Allah said,

び∇やヲ⊥ジジ ｚイ ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And spy not ), on each ot her. Taj assus, usually harbors ill int ent ions, and t he spy is called a Jasus. As for Tahassus (inquiring) it is usually done for a good reason. Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said t hat Prophet Ya` qub said,

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ヱ∠ ブ ∠ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ジジ ｚエ ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇クや ヴ ｚ レ͡ ら∠ Αぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや ゥ ͡ ∇ヱケｚ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ジ⇒∠∇Αゅ∠ゎ ("O my sons! Go you and inquire (Tahassasu) about Yusuf and his brot her, and never give up hope of Allah's mercy.'') (12:87) Bot h of t hese t erms, ` Taj assus' and ` Tahassus' could have evil connot at ions. In t he Sahih it is recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ャヱ∠ やヲ⊥ツビ ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩やヲ⊥ジジ ｚエ ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ やヲ⊥ジジ ｚイ ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ゅ⇔ルや∠ヲ∇カま͡ ぶ ͡ や キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミヱ∠ ∩やヱ⊥ゲよ∠ や∠ギゎ∠ (Neit her commit Taj assus nor Tahassus nor hat e each ot her nor commit Tadabur. And be brot hers, O servant s of Allah.) Al-Awza` i said, "Taj assus means, t o search for somet hing, while Tahassus means, list ening t o people when t hey are t alking wit hout t heir permission, or eavesdropping at t heir doors. Tadabur refers t o shunning each ot her. '' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t his st at ement . Allah t he Exalt ed said about backbit ing;

び⇔ゅツ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ムツ ⊥ ∇バよｚ ょ∠わ∇ピ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (neit her backbit e one anot her), t hus prohibit ing it , which was explained in a Hadit h collect ed by Abu Dawud t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "It was asked, ` O Allah's Messenger! What is backbit ing' He said,

«ロ∠ゲ∇ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ポ ∠ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ミク͡ » (Ment ioning about your brot her in a manner t hat he dislikes.) He was asked, ` What if my brot her was as I ment ioned' He said,

∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮわ∠ ∇らわ∠ ∇ビや ギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラま͡» «ヮｚわヰ∠ よ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ (If he was as you ment ioned, you will have commit t ed backbit ing. But if he was not as you say about him, you will have falsely accused him.)'' At -Tirmidhi collect ed t his Hadit h and said "Hasan Sahih.'' Backbit ing was st ernly warned against , and t his is why Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Blessed compared it t o eat ing t he flesh of a dead human being,

ゅ⇔わ∇Βョ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ ユ∠ ∇エャ∠ モ ∠ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ょ ぁ エ ͡ Α⊥ ぺ∠ぴ び⊥ロヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ワゲ͡ ム∠ プ∠ (Would one of you like t o eat t he flesh of his dead brot her You would hat e it .) Just as you hat e eat ing t he flesh of a dead person, on account of your nat ure; so hat e backbit ing, on account of your religion. The lat t er carries a punishment t hat is worse t han t he former. This Ayah seeks t o discourage people from backbit ing and warns against it . The Prophet used t hese words t o discourage t aking back a gift t hat one gives t o someone,

«ヮ͡ゃ∇Βホ∠ ヶ͡プ ノ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ￢⊥ ヶ͡ボΑ∠ ょ ͡ ∇ヤム∠ ∇ャゅ∠ミ» (He is j ust like t he dog t hat eat s it s vomit .) aft er saying,

«￢∇ヲジ ｚ ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠» (Ours is not an evil parable.) Using various chains of narrat ion, t he Sahihs and Musnads record t hat t he Prophet said during t he Farewell Haj j :

∀ュや∠ゲ∠ェ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ッ ∠ や∠ゲ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠ョキ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡» ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ヤ∠よ∠ ヶ͡プ ∩や∠グワ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ヰセ ∠ ヶ͡プ ∩や∠グワ ∇ユム⊥ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ∇ゲエ ⊥ ミ∠ «や∠グワ (Verily, your blood, wealt h and honor are as sacred among you as t he sanct it y of t his day of yours, in t his mont h of yours, in t his t own of yours.) Abu Dawud recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヮ⊥ ッ ⊥ ∇ゲハ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ョ ∀ュや∠ゲ∠ェ ユ͡ ヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ͡ ヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁモミ⊥ » ロ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ゲ∠ ボ͡ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゲあ ゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや ょ ⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ ∩⊥ヮョ⊥ ∠キ∠ヱ «ユ͡ヤ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや (All of t he Muslim is sacred t o t he Muslim, his wealt h, honor and his blood. It is evil enough for someone t o belit t le his Muslim brot her.) At -Tirmidhi collect ed t his Hadit h and said "Hasan Gharib.'' Al-Hafiz Abu Ya` la recorded t hat a cousin of Abu Hurayrah said, "Ma` iz came t o t he Messenger of Allah and said, ` O Allah's Messenger! I have commit t ed adult ery,' and t he Messenger t urned away from him unt il Ma` iz repeat ed his st at ement four t imes. The fift h t ime, t he Prophet asked him,

«∨∠ろ∇Βル∠ コ∠ » (Have you commit t ed adult ery∨) Ma0 iz said, Yes. The Prophet asked,

«∨ゅ∠ルゴあ ャや ゅ∠ョ ヵ͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ヱ∠ » (Do you know what adult ery means) Ma` iz said, ` Yes. I have illegally done wit h her what a husband legally does wit h his wife.' The Prophet said,

«∨͡メ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや や∠グワ ヴ∠ャま͡ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ» (What do you seek t o accomplish by t his st at ement ) Ma` iz said, ` I int end t hat you purify me.' The Prophet asked,

モ ⊥ Β͡ヨ∇ャや ょ ⊥ Β͡ピΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヶ͡プ マ ∠ ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ろ ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇キぺ∠» «∨͡ゲ∇ゃら͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠セゲあ ャや∠ヱ る͡ ヤ∠エ ⊥ ∇ムヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ (Have you gone int o her j ust as t he st ick goes int o t he kohl cont ainer and t he rope goes int o t he well) Ma` iz said, ` Yes, O Allah's Messenger!' The Prophet commanded t hat Ma` iz be st oned t o deat h and his order was carried out . The Prophet heard t wo men saying t o one anot her, ` Have you not seen t he man who had Allah cover his secret , but his heart could not let him rest unt il he was st oned t o deat h, j ust as t he dog is st oned' The Prophet cont inued on and when he passed by t he corpse of a donkey, he asked,

や∠グワ る͡ ヘ∠ Β͡ィ ∇リョ͡ ゅヤ∠ム⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠ャゴ͡ ∇ルや ∨∀ラゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ヱ∠ ∀ラゅ∠ヤプ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠» «ケゅ∠ヨエ ͡ ∇ャや

(Where are so-and-so Dismount and eat from t his donkey.) They said, ` May Allah forgive you, O Allah's Messenger! Would anyone eat t his meat ' The Prophet said;

ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∩⊥ヮ∇レョ͡ ゅ⇔ヤ∇ミぺ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ͡ルへ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ Β͡カぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヨわ⊥ ∇ヤル͡ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ » ザ ⊥ ヨ͡ ピ∠ ∇レΑ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ ヶ͡ヘャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ «ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (The backbit ing you commit t ed against your brot her is worse as a meal t han t his meal. By He in Whose Hand is my soul! He is now swimming in t he rivers of Paradise.)'' This Hadit h has an aut hent ic chain of narrat ion. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said, "We were wit h t he Messenger of Allah when a rot t en odor was carried by t he wind. The Messenger of Allah said,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゅ∠わ∇ピΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ウ ⊥ Α͡ケ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ∨⊥ウΑあゲャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケ∇ギゎ∠ ぺ∠» «サゅｚレャや (Do you know what t his odor is It is t he odor of t hose who backbit e people.)''

Accepted Repentance from Backbiting and Slander Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

び∠ヮヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And have Taqwa of Allah), t hat is, regarding what He has commanded you and forbidden for you. Fear Him and beware of Him,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ゆやｚヲ∠ゎ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is t he One Who forgives and accept s repent ance, Most Merciful.) He forgives t hose who repent t o Him, is merciful wit h t hose who go back t o Him and t rust in Him. The maj orit y of scholars have st at ed t hat repent ance for commit t ing t he sin of backbit ing is t hat one refrains from backbit ing int ending not t o repeat it again. There is a difference of opinion if whet her feeling remorse is required in t his case, and also if one should apologize t o t hose who he has backbit t en. Some scholars st at ed t hat it is not necessary for one t o ask t hose whom he has backbit t en t o forgive him, because if t hey knew what was said about t hem, t hey could be hurt more t han if t hey were not t old about it . It is bet t er, t hey said, t hat one should praise t hose whom he has backbit t en in audiences in which he has commit t ed t he act . It is also bet t er if one defends t he inj ured part y against any furt her backbit ing, as much as one can, as recompense for his earlier backbit ing.

ヴ∠ん∇ルぺ⊥ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ミ∠ ク∠ リあョ ユ⊥ム⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚル͡ま サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ∇ユム⊥ ョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ⇒∠バわ∠ ャ͡ モ ∠ も͡ べ∠らホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔よヲ⊥バセ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ び ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∀ユΒヤ͡ハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ボ∇ゎぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ∠ハ (13. O mankind! We have creat ed you from a male and a female, and made you int o nat ions and t ribes t hat you may know one anot her. Verily, t he most honorable of you wit h Allah is t hat (believer) who has At -Taqwa. Verily, Allah is All-Knowing, All-Aware.)

All of Mankind are the Children of ` Adam and Hawwa' Allah t he Exalt ed declares t o mankind t hat He has creat ed t hem all from a single person, ` Adam, and from t hat person He creat ed his mat e, Hawwa'. From t heir offspring He made nat ions, comprised of t ribe, which include subt ribes of all sizes. It was also said t hat ` nat ions refers t o non-Arabs, while ` t ribes refers t o Arabs. Various st at ement s about t his were collect ed in an individual int roduct ion from t he book, Al-Inbah, by Abu ` Amr Ibn ` Abdul-Barr, and from t he book, Al-Qasad wal-Amam fi Ma` rifah Ansab Al-Arab wal-` Aj am. Therefore, all people are t he descendant s of ` Adam and Hawwa' and share t his honor equally. The only difference bet ween t hem is in t he religion t hat revolves around t heir obedience t o Allah t he Exalt ed and t heir following of His Messenger . Aft er He forbade backbit ing and belit t ling ot her people, alert ing mankind t hat t hey are all equal in t heir humanit y. Allah said,

ヴ∠ん∇ルぺ⊥ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ミ∠ ク∠ リあョ ユ⊥ム⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚル͡ま サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ⇒∠バわ∠ ャ͡ モ ∠ も͡ べ∠らホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔よヲ⊥バセ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ (O mankind! We have creat ed you from a male and a female, and made you int o nat ions and t ribes t hat you may know one anot her.) so t hat t hey get t o know each ot her by t heir nat ion or t ribe. Muj ahid said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ⇒∠バわ∠ ャ͡ぴ (t hat you may know one anot her.) refers t o one's saying, "So-and-so t he son of so-and-so, from t he t ribe of so-and-so.'' Sufyan At h-Thawri said, "The Himyar (who resided in Yemen) dealt wit h each ot her according t o t heir provinces, while t he Arabs in t he Hij az (West ern Arabia) dealt wit h each ot her according t o t heir t ribes.''

Honor is earned through Taqwa of Allah Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ボ∇ゎぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ ョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he most honorable of you wit h Allah is t hat (believer) who has At -Taqwa.) meaning, ` you earn honor wit h Allah t he Exalt ed on account of Taqwa, not family lineage.' There are many Hadit hs from t he Prophet t hat support t his meaning. Al-Bukhari narrat ed t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "Some people asked t he Prophet , ` Who is t he most honorable among people' He replied,

«ユ⊥ワゅ∠ボ∇ゎぺ∠ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ミぺ∠» (The most honorable among t hem wit h Allah is t he one who has t he most Taqwa.) They said, ` We did not ask you about t his.' He said,

リ ͡ ∇よや ∩͡ぶや ヶ あ ら͡ ル∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ∩͡ぶや ヶ ぁ ら͡ ル∠ ブ ⊥ シ ⊥ ヲ⊥Α サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ュ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ミほ∠プ∠ » «ぶや モ ͡ Β͡ヤカ ∠ リ ͡ ∇よや ぶ ͡ やヶ あ ら͡ ル∠ (Then t he most honorable person is Yusuf, Allah's Prophet , t he son of Allah's Prophet , t he son of Allah's Prophet , t he son of Allah's Khalil.) They said, ` We did not ask you about t his.' He said,

«ヶあルヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジゎ∠ ゆ ͡ ゲ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや ラ ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠バョ∠ ∇リバ∠ プ∠ » ∨ (Then you want t o ask me about t he Arab lineage) They said, ` Yes.' He said,

や∠クま͡ ュ͡ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠Βカ ͡ る͡ Βｚ ヤ͡ワ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠Βガ ͡ プ∠ » «やヲヰ⊥ ボ⊥ プ∠ (Those among you who were best in Jahiliyyah, are t he best among you in Islam, if t hey at t ain religious underst anding.)'' Al-Bukhari collect ed t his Hadit h in several places of his Sahih, AnNasa'i did as well in t he Tafsir sect ion of his Sunan. Muslim recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヲ∠ タ ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» «ユ⊥ムャ͡ゅ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ (Verily, Allah does not look at your shapes or wealt h, but he looks at your heart s and act ions.) Ibn Maj ah also collect ed t his Hadit h. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said, "On t he day Makkah was conquered, t he Messenger of Allah performed Tawaf around t he Ka` bah while riding his camel, Al-Qaswa', and was t ouching t he corners wit h a st ick he had in his hand. He did not find a place in t he Masj id where his camel could sit and had t o dismount

on men's hands. He led his camel t o t he bot t om of t he valley, where he had her sit down. The Messenger of Allah lat er gave a speech while riding Al-Qaswa' and said, aft er t hanking Allah t he Exalt ed and praising Him as He should be praised,

∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ょ ∠ ワ∠ ∇クぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ゅ∠Α» :ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャゅ∠プ ∩ゅ∠ヰも͡ ゅ∠よべ͡よ ゅ∠ヰ∠ヨヌ ぁ ∠バ∠ゎ∠ヱ る͡ Βｚヤ͡ワ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや ∠るΒｚ らあ ハ ⊥ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ユΑ͡ゲ∠ミ ヶ ｘ ボ͡ ゎ∠ ゲｘ よ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡ ∩ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀リΒあ ∠ワ ヶ ｘ ボ͡ セ ∠ ∀ゲ͡ィゅ∠プ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ん∇ルぺ⊥ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ミ∠ ク∠ リあョ ユ⊥ム⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚル͡ま サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ∇ユム⊥ ョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ⇒∠バわ∠ ャ͡ モ ∠ も͡ べ∠らホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔よヲ⊥バセ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ «び ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ボ∇ゎぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ∠ハ (O people! Allah t he Exalt ed has removed from you t he slogans of Jahiliyyah and it s t radit ion of honoring forefat hers. Men are of t wo t ypes, a man who is right eous, fearful of Allah and honorable t o Allah, or a man who is vicious, miserable and lit t le t o Allah t he Exalt ed. Verily, Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said, (O mankind! We have creat ed you from a male and a female, and made you int o nat ions and t ribes, t hat you may know one anot her. Verily, t he most honorable of you wit h Allah is t hat (believer) who has At -Taqwa. Verily, Allah is AllKnowing, All-Aware.)) The Prophet said,

«ユ⊥ムャ∠ヱ∠ ヶ͡ャ ぶ ∠ や ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ や∠グワ ヶ͡ャ∇ヲ∠ホ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠» (I say t his and invoke Allah for forgiveness for me and for you.)'' This was recorded by ` Abd bin Humayd. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∀ユΒ∠ヤ∠ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is All-Knowing, All-Aware.) means, ` He is All-Knowing of you and All-Aware of all of your affairs.' Allah guides whom He wills, misguides whom He wills, grant s mercy t o whom He wills, t or- ment s whom He wills, elevat es whom He wills above whom He wills. He is t he AllWise, t he All-Knowing, t he All-Aware in all t his. Several scholars relied on t his honorable Ayah and t he honora- ble Hadit hs we ment i- oned as evidence t hat compat ibilit y in marriage is not a condit ion of marriage cont ract s. They said t hat t he only condit ion required in t his regard is t he adherence t o t he religion, as in t he st at ement of Allah, t he Exalt ed,

び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ボ∇ゎぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ ョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he most honorable of you wit h Allah is t he one wit h t he most Taqwa. )

∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユャｚ モ⊥ホ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ゆ ⊥ や∠ゲ∇ハΙ ｘやろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホぴ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΑΙや モ ͡カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ∇わヤ͡Α∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡トゎ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ͡レΑ͡ギ͡よ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤあバ∠ ゎ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲぁレヨ⊥ ゎ∠ Ι ｚ モ⊥ホ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁレヨ⊥ Α∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ やギ∠ワ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぁリヨ⊥ Α∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ よ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヨ∠ ⇒∠ヤ∇シま͡ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ ⊥ ま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑΚ͡ャ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (14. The bedouins say: "We believe.'' Say: "You do not believe. But say, ` We have submit t ed,' for Fait h has not yet ent ered your heart s. But if you obey Allah and His Messenger, He will not decrease anyt hing in reward for your deeds. Verily, Allah is Forgiving, Most Merciful.'') (15. Only t hose are t he believers who have believed in Allah and His Messenger, and aft erward doubt not but st rive wit h t heir wealt h and t heir lives for t he cause of Allah. Those! They are t he t rut hful.) (16. Say: "Will you inform Allah of your religion while Allah knows all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is on t he eart h, and Allah is All-Aware of everyt hing.'') (17. They regard as a favor t o you t hat t hey have embraced Islam. Say: "Do not count your Islam as a favor t o me. Nay, but Allah has conferred a favor upon you t hat He has guided you t o t he Fait h if you indeed are t rue. '') (18. "Verily, Allah knows t he Unseen of t he heavens and t he eart h. And Allah is t he All-Seer of what you do.'')

There is a Difference between a Believer and a Muslim Allah chast ises t he bedouins who, when t hey embraced Islam, claimed for t hemselves t he grade of fait hful believers. However, Fait h had not yet firmly ent ered t heir heart s,

∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユャｚ モ⊥ホ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ゆ ⊥ や∠ゲ∇ハΙ ｘやろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホぴ び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΑΙや モ ͡カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ (The bedouins say: "We believe.'' Say: "You do not believe, but say, ` We have submit t ed,' for Fait h has not yet ent ered your heart s...'') This honorable Ayah provides proof t hat Fait h is a higher grade t han Islam, according t o t he scholars of t he Ahl us-Sunnah wal-Jama` ah. This is also demost rat ed in t he Hadit h of Jibril, peace be upon him, when he quest ioned t he Prophet about Islam, t hen Iman t hen Ihsan. Thus moving t he general mat t er t o one more specific, t hen even more specific. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Amir bin Sa` d bin Abi Waqqas said, "The Messenger of Allah gave (somet hing t o) some men and did not give one of t hem. Sa` d said, ` O Allah's Messenger, you gave t o so-and-so and so-and-so. However, you gave not hing t o so-andso, even t hough he is a believer.' The Prophet said,

«∨∀ユヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠» (Or say, a Muslim.) Sa` d repeat ed his st at ement t hrice each t ime t he Prophet answered,

«∨∀ユヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠» (Or say, a Muslim.) The Prophet t hen said,

ヶ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ネ ⊥ キ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ャゅ∠ィケ͡ ヶ͡ト∇ハほ⊥ャ∠ ヶあルま͡» ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ やヲぁらム∠ Α⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ る∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ガョ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ト ͡ ∇ハぺ⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ «ユ͡ヰワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (I might give some men and give not hing t o ot hers, even t hough t he lat t er are dearer t o me t han t he former. I do not give t hem t hings for fear t hat t hey might be t hrown on t heir faces in t he Fire.)'' This Hadit h is recorded in t he Two Sahihs. Therefore, t he Prophet made a dist inct ion bet ween t he grade of believer and t he grade of Muslim, indicat ing t hat Iman is a more exclusive grade t han Islam. I ment ioned t his subj ect in det ail support ed by evidence, in t he beginning of t he explanat ion of t he chapt er on Iman in Sahih Al-Bukhari, all praise is due t o Allah and all t he favors are from Him. So t his proves t hat t he bedouins whom t he Ayah ment ioned were not hypocrit es, rat her t hey were Muslims in whose heart s Fait h was not yet firmly est ablished. They claimed a higher grade for t hemselves t han t he grade t hat t hey earned, and t hey were t aught a lesson as a consequence. This meaning agrees wit h t he meaning given by Ibn ` Abbas, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Qat adah and t hat preferred by Ibn Jarir. These bedouins were t aught a lesson,

モ ͡カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユャｚ モ⊥ホぴ び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΑΙや (Say: "You do not believe, but say ` We are Muslims,' for Fait h has not yet ent ered your heart s...'') meaning, ` you have not yet achieved t he realit y of Fait h.' Allah t he Exalt ed said,

∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ∇わヤ͡Α∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡トゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び⇔ゅゃ∇Βセ ∠ (But if you obey Allah and His Messenger, He will not decrease anyt hing in reward for your deeds...) ` He will not decrease any of your rewards,' as Allah said;

び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ユ͡ヰヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇わャ∠ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (We shall not decrease t he reward of t heir deeds in anyt hing.) (52:21) Allah said:

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) for t hose who repent and ret urn t o Him. Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (Only t hose are t he believers), who have perfect Fait h,

び∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (who have believed in Allah and His Messenger, and aft erward doubt not ) They do not have doubt s and t heir Fait h was not shaken. Rat her, t heir Fait h remained on convict ion,

び͡ヮヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ ぴ (but st rive for t he cause of Allah wit h t heir wealt h and t heir lives) meaning, t hey gladly gave away t heir life and t he most precious of t heir wealt h in obedience t o Allah as a means of seeking His pleasure,

び∠ラヲ⊥ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ

(Those! They are t he t rut hful. ) ` in t heir st at ement if t hey say t hat t hey are believers, unlike some bedouins who are fait hful only by words out wardly!' Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ Α͡ギよ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤあ∠バゎ⊥ ∠ぺ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Will you inform Allah of your religion...'') ` will you inform Allah of what is in your heart s,'

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (while Allah knows all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is on t he eart h,) Not hing in t he heavens and eart h, even t he weight of a speck of dust , all t hat is bigger or smaller, ever escapes His observat ion,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (and Allah is All-Aware of everyt hing.) Allah said,

ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲぁレヨ⊥ ゎ∠ Ι ｚ モ⊥ホ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁレヨ⊥ Α∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ヨ∠ ⇒∠ヤ∇シま͡ (They regard as a favor t o you t hat t hey have embraced Islam. Say: "Do not count your Islam as a favor t o me...'') meaning t he bedouins who considered embracing Islam, following and support ing t he Messenger as a favor t o him. Allah t he Exalt ed refut ed t heir false st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ ヨ∠ ⇒∠ヤ∇シま͡ ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲぁレヨ⊥ ゎ∠ Ι ｚ モ⊥ホぴ (Say: "Do not count your Islam as a favor t o me...'') ` for t he benefit of your Islam will only be yours, and t his is a favor from Allah t o you,'

∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ ⊥ ま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑΚ͡ャ ∇ユミ⊥ やギ∠ワ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぁリヨ⊥ Α∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ͡ よ∠ ぴ び∠リΒ͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ (Nay, but Allah has conferred a favor upon you t hat He has guided you t o t he Fait h if you indeed are t rue.) ` in your claim t hat you are believers.' The Prophet said t o t he Ansar on t he day of t he bat t le of Hunayn,

ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ミ⊥ や∠ギヰ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ャゅｚヤッ ⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ギィ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ダ∇ルほ∠∇ャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バョ∠ ゅ∠Α» る⇔ ャ∠ゅ∠ハ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∨ヶ͡よ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ヘ∠ ャｚほ∠プ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ホゲあ ヘ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∨ヶ͡よ «∨ヶ͡よ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ビほ∠プ∠ (O Ansar! Have I not found you ast ray and Allah guided you t hrough me Were you not divided and Allah unit ed you around me Were you not poor and Allah gave you riches t hrough me) Whenever t he Prophet asked t hem any of t hese quest ions, t hey would reply, "Allah and His Messenger have most favored us.'' Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bazzar recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Banu Asad came t o t he Messenger of Allah and said, ` O Allah's Messenger! We embraced Islam, and before t hat , t he Arabs fought against you, yet we did not fight against you.' The Messenger of Allah said,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ペ ⊥ト ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ボプ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡» «ユ͡ヰわ͡ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ (Verily, t hey underst and but lit t le and t he Shayt an speaks t hrough t heir words.) This Ayah was lat er revealed,

ヴ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲぁレヨ⊥ ゎ∠ Ι ｚ モ⊥ホ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁレヨ⊥ Α∠ ぴ ラ ⊥ ま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑΚ͡ャ ∇ユミ⊥ やギ∠ワ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぁリヨ⊥ Α∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ͡ よ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヨ∠ ⇒∠ヤ∇シま͡ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ (They regard as a favor t o you t hat t hey have embraced Islam. Say: "Do not count your Islam as a favor t o me.'' Nay, but Allah has conferred a favor upon you t hat He has guided you t o t he Fait h if you indeed are t rue.'')''' Then Allah reminds t hat He has complet e knowledge of all creat ions and t hat He sees t hem all;

ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ょ ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ (Verily, Allah knows t he Unseen of t he heavens and t he eart h. And Allah is t he All-Seer of what you do.) This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Huj urat . Verily, all praise is due t o Allah, all t he favors are from Him, and from Him comes t he success and prot ect ion from error.

The Tafsir of Surah Qaf

(Chapter - 50) Which was revealed in Makkah The Beginning of the Mufassal Section of the Qur'an This Surah is t he first Surah in t he Mufassal sect ion of t he Qur'an, according t o t he correct view. It is said t hat t he Mufassal st art s wit h Surat Al-Huj urat . Some common people say t hat t he Mufassal st art s wit h Surah ` Amma An-Naba, (chapt er 78), however, t his is not t rue because none of t he respect ed scholars ever support ed t his opinion. Aws (bin Hudhayfah) said; "I asked t he Companions of Allah's Messenger () how t hey divided t he Qur'an. They said; ` Three, five, seven, nine, eleven, t hirt een, and t he Mufassal sect ion as one.' '' This was recorded by Ibn Maj ah and Imam Ahmad. If one count s fort y-eight Surahs, t he next Surah will be Surah Qaf. The det ails are as follows: The ぴfirst び t hree Surahs are Al-Baqarah (chapt er 2), Al ` Imran (3), t hen An-Nisa' (4). The five are Al-Ma'idah (5), Al-An` am (6), Al-A` raf (7), Al-Anfal (8) and Bara'ah (or At -Tawbah) (9). The seven next Surahs are Surah Yunus (10), Hud (11), Yusuf (12), Ar-Ra` d (13), Ibrahim (14), Al-Hij r (15) and An-Nahl (16). The nine next Surahs are, Subhan (or Al-Isra' (17)び, Al-Kahf (18), Maryam (19), Ta Ha (20), Al-Anbiya' (21), Al-Haj j (22), Al-Mu` minun (23), An-Nur (24) and Al-Furqan (25). The next eleven Surahs are Surat Ash-Shu` ara (26), An-Naml (27), Al-Qasas (28), Al-` Ankabut (29), Ar-Rum (30), Luqman (31), Alif Lam Mim As-Saj dah (32), Al-Ahzab (33), Saba' (34), Fat ir (35) and Ya Sin (36). The next t hirt een are Surat As-Saffat (37), Sad (38), Az-Zumar (39), Ghafir (40), Ha Mim As-Saj dah (or Fussilat ) (41), Ash-Shura (42), AzZukhruf (43), Ad-Dukhan (44), Al-Jat hiyah (45), Al-Ahqaf (46), Al-Qit al (or Muhammad) (47), AlFat h (48) and Al-Huj urat (49). Aft er t hat comes t he Mufassal sect ion, according t o t he Companions, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem all. Therefore, Surah Qaf (chapt er 50) is t he first of t he Mufassal, j ust as we st at ed, and all praise is due t o Allah and all favors are from Him.

The Virtues of Surah Qaf Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab asked Abu Waqid Al-Layt hi, "What did t he Prophet recit e during t he ` Id Prayer'' Abu Waqid said, "Surah Qaf and Surat Iqt arabat ぴi.e. Surat Al-Qamar (54)び.'' Muslim and t he Four Collect ors of t he Sunan collect ed t his Hadit h. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Umm Hisham bint Harit hah said, "For around t wo years, or a year and a part of anot her year, our oven and t he oven of t he Prophet was one and t he same. I memorized Surah,

び ギ͡ Β͡イヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベぴ (Qaf. By t he Glorious Qur'an.) from t he t ongue of t he Messenger of Allah who used t o recit e it every Friday while st anding on t he Minbar delivering t he Friday sermon t o t he people.'' Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h. Abu Dawud also recorded t hat t he daught er of Al-Harit h bin An-Nu` man said, "I only memorized Surah Qaf from t he mout h of t he Messenger of Allah who used t o recit e it in every Friday Khut bah. Our oven and t he oven of t he Messenger was one and t he same.'' Muslim and An-Nasa'i collect ed t his Hadit h. Theref ore, t he Messenger of Allah used t o recit e t his Surah during large gat herings such as t he ` Ids and during Friday sermons. He did so because t his Surah cont ains news of t he beginning of creat ion, Resurrec- t ion, t he Ret urn, St anding (before Allah), t he Reckoning, Paradise, t he Fire, Allah's reward and punishment , lessons of encouragement , and lessons of discouragement . Allah knows best .

び͡ユΒ͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

∇ユワ⊥ ￢べ∠ィ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥らイ ͡ハ ∠ ∇モよ∠ -ギ͡ Β͡イヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ͡ や￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベぴ -∀ょΒ͡イ∠ハ ￢∇ヴセ ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ∂ ∀ケ͡グレぁョ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ -∀ギΒ͡バよ∠ ノ⊥ ∇ィケ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ゲゎ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇わョ͡ や∠ク￢∠ぺ ∇モよ∠ -∀ナΒ͡ヘ∠ェ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ ゅ∠ルギ∠ レ͡ハヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ チ ∠ ∇ケ∇Ιや ゾ ⊥ ボ⊥ レ∠ゎ び-ア ∃ Α͡ゲョｚ ゲ∃ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ ペ ∂エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ (1. Qaf. By t he Glorious Qur'an.) (2. Nay, t hey wonder t hat t here has come t o t hem a warner from among t hemselves. So t he disbelievers say: "This is a st range t hing!'') (3. "When we are dead and have become dust . (Shall we be resurrect ed) That is a far ret urn.'') (4. We know t hat which t he eart h t akes of t hem, and wit h Us is a Book preserved.) (5. Nay, but t hey have denied t he t rut h when it has come t o t hem, so t hey are in a Marij st at e.)

びベぴ (Qaf.) which is one of t he let t ers of t he alphabet t hat are ment ioned in t he beginning of some Surahs, such as,

びソぴ (Sad.) (38:1)

びラぴ (Nun. ) (68:1)

び ユャやぴ (Alif Lam Mim.) (2:1),

び ユ⇒ェぴ

(Ha Mim.) (40:1), and

びザデぴ (Ta Sin) (28:1) and et c., Muj ahid and several ot hers said t his. We also discussed t his in t he beginning of t he explanat ion of Surat Al-Baqarah, and t herefore, it is not necessary t o repeat it here.

The Disbelievers wonder at the Message and Resurrection Allah said,

び͡ギΒ͡イヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (By t he Glorious Qur'an.) means by t he Honorable and Great Qur'an, which,

ヮ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ⊥ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ｚぴ び ギ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ユ∃ Β͡ムェ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀モΑ͡ゴレ∠ゎ (Falsehood cannot come t o it from before it or behind it : (it is) sent down by t he All-Wise, Wort hy of all praise.)(41:42) The subj ect of t he oat h cont ained in t his Ayah is specified aft erwards, even t hough it does not appear by word, emphasizing prophet hood, resurrect ion and affirming t hat t hey are t rue. There are similar kinds of oat hs in t he Qur'an, whose subj ect is included in t he meaning but not by word, such as,

ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ͡ よ∠ - ゲ͡ ∇ミグあ ャや ン͡ク ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ソぴ びベ ∃ ゅ∠ボセ ͡ ヱ∠ り∃ ゴｚ ハ ͡ (Sad. By t he Qur'an full of reminding. Nay, t hose who disbelieve are in false pride and opposit ion.)(38:1-2) Allah said here,

∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥らイ ͡ハ ∠ ∇モよ∠ - ギ͡ Β͡イヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ͡ や￢∠ ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベぴ び ∀ょΒ͡イ∠ハ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ケ͡グレぁョ (Qaf. By t he Glorious Qur'an. Nay, t hey wonder t hat t here has come t o t hem a warner from among t hemselves. So t he disbelievers say: "This is a st range t hing!'') They wondered at t he wisdom behind sending a Messenger who is a human being. Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said in anot her Ayah

∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅ⇔ら∠イ∠ハ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミぺ∠ぴ び∠サゅｚレャや ケ͡ グ͡ ル∠ぺ (Is it a wonder for mankind t hat We have sent Our revelat ion t o a man from among t hemselves (saying): "Warn mankind.'') (10:2), meaning, t his is not st range, for Allah chooses Messengers from angels and humans. Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored ment ioned t hat t he disbelievers also wondered about t he Resurrect ion and discount ed it s coming,

び ∀ギΒ͡バよ∠ ノ⊥ ∇ィケ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ゲゎ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇わョ͡ や∠ク￢͡ ぺ∠ぴ (When we are dead and have become dust . That is a far ret urn.) They said, ` aft er we die, disint egrat e, wit h our organs t orn apart and we become dust , how can we be brought back t o our original shape and bodies,'

び∀ギΒ͡バよ∠ ノ⊥ ∇ィケ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That is a far ret urn.) ` it is not likely t hat it will ever occur.' They t hought t hat Resurrect ion was far from happening and will never occur. Allah t he Exalt ed responded t o t heir st at ement by saying,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘやゾ ⊥ ボ⊥ レ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (We know t hat which t he eart h t akes of t hem.) meaning, ` We know what t he eart h consumes of t heir dead bodies.' Where and how t he bodies disint egrat ed, what t hey t urned int o and how t hey have become, all of t his is never absent from Allah's knowledge.

び∀ナΒ͡ヘェ ∠ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ ゅ∠ルギ∠ レ͡ハヱ∠ ぴ (and wit h Us is a Book preserved,) ` t hat keeps all records. Therefore, Our knowledge is encompassing and t he Book of decrees has everyt hing precisely recorded in it . Al-` Awfi narrat ed t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas comment ed on t he st at ement of Allah t he Exalt ed,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘやゾ ⊥ ボ⊥ レ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (We know t hat which t he eart h t akes of t hem,) "It refers t o what t he eart h consumes of t heir flesh, skin, bones and hair.'' A similar view was recorded from Muj ahid, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak and several ot hers. Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, explained t he reason behind t heir disbelief, rebellion and discount ing t he possibilit y of what is t ruly possible,

ア ∃ Α͡ゲョｚ ゲ∃ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅｚヨャ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ び (Nay, but t hey have denied t he t rut h when it has come t o t hem, so t hey are in a Marij st at e.) This is t he st at e of all t hose who defy t he Trut h: what ever t hey say and ut t er aft er denying t he Trut h, is ut t erly false. Marij means, in disarray, in a confused st at e and defying t he charact erist ics of t he Trut h. Allah t he Exalt ed said in anot her Ayah,

びマ ∠ プ͡ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ マ ⊥ プ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ - ブ ∃ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガョぁ メ ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Cert ainly, you have different ideas. Turned aside t herefrom is he who is t urned aside.)(51:8-9)

ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βレ∠ よ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ル∇キギ∠ ョ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ - ァ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲプ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒ｚレΑｚ コ∠ ヱ∠ ァ ∃ ∇ヱコ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇わ∠らル∠ぺ∠ヱ ヴ ∠シ ͡ ヱ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇Βボ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ル∠ ヱ∠ - ょ ∃ Β͡レョぁ ギ∃ ∇らハ ∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ダ ͡ ∇らゎ∠ - ア ∃ Β͡ヰよ∠ ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇わら∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ゅ⇔ミ∠ゲ⇒∠らョぁ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ヤャあ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケあ ギ∀ Β͡ツルｚ ∀ノ∇ヤ∠デ ゅ∠ヰャｚ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ボジ ͡ ⇒∠よ ギ͡ Β͡ダエ ∠ ∇ャや びァ ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲガ ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅ⇔わ∇Βョｚ り⇔ ギ∠ ∇ヤよ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠Β∇ェ∠ぺ∠ヱ (6. Have t hey not looked at t he heaven above t hem, how We have made it and adorned it , and t here are no Furuj in it ) (7. And t he eart h! We have spread it out , and set t hereon Rawasi st anding firm, and We plant ed in it every lovely (Bahij ) pair.) (8. An insight and a Reminder for every servant who t urns t o Allah in repent ance.) (9. And We send down blessed wat er (rain) from t he sky, t hen We produce t herewit h Jannat and grain t hat are reaped.) (10. And dat e palms Basiqat , wit h arranged clust ers.) (11. A provision for t he servant s. And We give life t herewit h t o a dead land. Thus will be t he Resurrect ion.)

Allah's Power and Ability over what is Greater than Resurrection Allah t he Exalt ed not ifies t he servant s of His infinit e power, which He demonst rat ed by creat ing what is bigger t han t hat which t hey wondered about and whose possibilit y t hey discount ,

ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βレ∠ よ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びゅ∠ヰ⇒ｚレΑｚ コ∠ ヱ∠ (Have t hey not looked at t he heaven above t hem, how We have made it and adorned it ,) wit h lamps;

び∃ァヱ⊥ゲプ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and t here are no Furuj in it ) i.e., cleft s, according t o Muj ahid. Ot hers said t hat Furuj means, rift s, or cracks. All t hese meanings are close t o one anot her. Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ͡プ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ゅｚョ ゅ⇔ホゅ∠らデ ͡ れ ∃ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨシ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ リ͡ョ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ノ͡ ィ ͡ ∇ケゅ∠プ れ ∃ ヲ⊥ ⇒∠ヘゎ∠ リ͡ョ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ょヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Α リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚ ミ∠ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ら∠ ャや ノ͡ ィ ͡ ケ∇や ｚユを⊥ - ケ∃ ヲ⊥トプ⊥ び ∀ゲΒ͡ジ∠ェ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃシ ͡ ゅ∠カ ゲ⊥ ダ ∠ ら∠ ャや (Who has creat ed t he seven heavens one above anot her; you can see no fault in t he creat ion of t he Most Gracious. Then look again: "Can you see any rift s'' Then look again and yet again, your sight will ret urn t o you in a st at e of humiliat ion and worn out .) (67:2-4) fat igued, unable t o discover any imperfect ion or short comings. The st at ement of Allah t he Exalt ed, t he Blessed,

びゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ル∇キ∠ギ∠ョ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱぴ (And t he eart h! We have spread it out , ) means, ` We made it spacious and spread it out ,'

び∠ヶシ ͡ ヱ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ボ∇ャ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (and set t hereon Rawasi st anding firm.) which are t he mount ains t o save t he eart h from shaking along wit h it s inhabit ant s,

び∃アΒ͡ヰよ∠ ァ ∃ ∇ヱコ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇わ∠らル∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (and We plant ed in it every lovely (Bahij ) pair.) every kind and species of plant , fruit and veget at ion,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βィ ∠ ∇ヱコ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (And of everyt hing We have creat ed pairs t hat you may reflect .)(51:49) Allah's saying ` Bahij ', meaning a beaut iful scene,

びょ ∃ Β͡レョぁ ギ∃ ∇らハ ∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ダ ͡ ∇らゎ∠ ぴ (An insight and a Reminder for every servant who t urns t o Allah in repent ance.) Allah says t hat observing t he creat ion of t he heavens and eart h and all t he great t hings t hat He has placed in t hem provides insight , proof and a lesson for every penit ent servant who submit s in humbleness and repent ance t o Allah feeling fear, in awe of Him. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び⇔ゅミ∠ゲ⇒∠らョぁ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We send down blessed wat er from t he sky,) meaning beneficial,

び∃ろ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇わ∠らル∠ほ∠プぴ (t hen We produce t herewit h Jannat ), means special and public parks, gardens, et c.

び͡ギΒ͡ダエ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and grain t hat are reaped) grains t hat are harvest ed for food and for st orage for lat er use,

び∃ろ⇒∠ボジ ͡ ⇒∠よぴ (And dat e palms Basiqat ,) meaning, t all and high, according t o t he explanat ion report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Qat adah and As-Suddi. Allah said,

び∀ギΒ͡ツルｚ ∀ノ∇ヤ∠デ ゅ∠ヰャｚぴ (wit h arrranged clust ers.) producing fruit s arranged in clust ers,

び͡キゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ヤャあ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケあ ぴ (A provision for (Allah's) servant s.) for (Allah's) creat ion,

び⇔ゅわ∇Βョｚ り⇔ ギ∠ ∇ヤよ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠Β∇ェ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ

(And We give life t herewit h t o a dead land.) t his is t he land t hat was barren. However, when rain falls upon it , it is st irred t o life; it swells and produces all of t he lovely pairs such as flowers and t he like -- amazing on account of t heir beaut y. All of t his comes int o exist ence aft er t he land was wit hout greenery, yet it was st irred back t o life and became green. Indeed, t his should provide proof of Resurrect ion aft er deat h and disint egrat ion; t hus Allah resurrect s t he dead. This sign of Allah's abilit y t hat is seen and wit nessed is great er t han t he denial of t hose who discount t he possibilit y of Resurrect ion. Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said in ot her Ayat ,

ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ⊥ ∇ヤガ ∠ ャ∠ぴ び͡サゅｚレャや (The creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h is indeed great er t han t he creat ion of mankind;) (40:57),

れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ∃ キ͡ ゅ∠ボよ͡ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ボ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ よ͡ ヴ ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや (Do t hey not see t hat Allah, Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, and was not wearied by t heir creat ion, is able t o give life t o t he dead Yes, He surely is Able t o do all t hings.)(46:33) and,

へ∠クみ͡プ∠ る⇔ バ∠ ゼ ͡ ⇒∠カ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ン∠ゲゎ∠ マ ∠ ルｚぺ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ろよ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇れゴｚ わ∠ ∇ワや ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ャ∠ (And among His signs (is t his), t hat you see t he eart h barren; but when We send down wat er t o it , it is st irred t o life and growt h. Verily, He Who gives it life, surely is able t o give life t o t he dead. Indeed He is Able t o do all t hings.)(41:39)

- キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヱ∠ サ あ ゲｚ ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ∇ろよ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ぴ る͡ ム∠ ∇ΑΙ ｘやょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ - ヅ ∃ ヲ⊥ャ ラ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ヱ∠ ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヱ∠ ∀キゅ∠ハ∠ヱ

ゅ∠レΒ͡Βバ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ - ギ͡ Β͡ハヱ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ プ∠ モ ∠シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ノ∃ らｚ ゎぁ ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ び ギ∃ Α͡ギィ ∠ ペ ∃ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョあ ザ ∃ ∇らャ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ メ ͡ ヱｚ Ι ｘやペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (12. Denied before t hem t he people of Nuh, and t he Dwellers of Rass, and Thamud,) (13. And ` Ad, and Fir` awn, and t he bret hren of Lut ,) (14. And t he Dwellers of Al-Aykah, and t he people of Tubba` . Everyone of t hem denied (t heir) Messengers, so My t hreat t ook effect .) (15. Were We t hen t ired wit h t he first creat ion Nay, t hey are in confused doubt about a new creat ion.)

Reminding the Quraysh of the Destruction of earlier Disbelieving Nations Allah t he Exalt ed warns t he disbelievers of Quraysh and reminds t hem of t he punishment and painful t orment t hat He sent in t his life on t heir likes, who disbelieved before t hem. For inst ance, Allah t he Exalt ed punished t he people of Nuh by drowning t hem in t he encompassing flood t hat t ouched all t he people of eart h. There is also t he end t hat st ruck t he people of ArRass, and we ment ioned t heir st ory before in Surat Al-Furqan,

びヅ ∃ ヲ⊥ャ ラ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ヱ∠ ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヱ∠ キ∀ ゅ∠ハヱ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (...and Thamud, and ` Ad, and Fir` awn, and t he bret hren of Lut ,) t he people of Sadum (Sodom) and t he surrounding areas, t o whom Lut was sent . Allah t he Exalt ed shook t he eart h beneat h t hem and t urned t heir area int o a reeking lake, as st inking as t he disbelief, t yranny and defiance of t he Trut h t hat t hey had,

び͡るム∠ ∇ΑΙ ｘやょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he Dwellers of Al-Aykah), t hey are t he nat ion of Shu` ayb, peace be upon him,

び∃ノらｚ ゎぁ ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t he people of Tubba` ), King of Yemen; we explained his st ory in t he Tafsir of Surat AdDukhan, and t herefore, we do not need t o repeat it here. All praise is due t o Allah.

び∠モシ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ぴ (Everyone of t hem denied (t heir) Messengers,) means, all of t hese nat ions and t heir generat ions belied t heir respect ive Messenger, and whoever denies even one Messenger, is as if he has denied all Messengers. Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ろよ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ぴ

(The people of Nuh denied t he Messengers.)(26:105) even t hough only one Messenger was sent t o t hem, and indeed, if all t he Messengers were sent t o t hem, t hey would have disbelieved in t hem as well. Allah said,

び͡ギΒ͡ハヱ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so My t hreat t ook effect .) meaning, t he promise of t orment and punishment t hat Allah delivered t o t hem on account of t heir denial t ook effect . Therefore, all t hose who fear suffering t he same end should be warned, especially since t he lat t er have denied t heir Messenger, j ust as t he former denied t heir Messenger.

Repeating the Creation is Easier than originating It Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び͡メヱｚ ｘΙや ペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レΒ͡Βバ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Were We t hen t ired wit h t he first creat ion) meaning, ` did st art ing t he creat ion bring fat igue t o Us, so as t o cause doubt in t hem t hat repeat ing t he creat ion was not possible'

び∃ギΑ͡ギィ ∠ ペ ∃ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョあ ザ ∃ ∇らャ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, t hey are in confused doubt about a new creat ion.) meaning, ` st art ing t he creat ion did not t ire Us, and repeat ing it is even easier.' Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

ラ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ぺ⊥ギ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (And He it is Who originat es t he creat ion, t hen He will repeat it ; and t his is easier for Him.)(30:27), and,

ヴ ͡ エ⊥Α リ∠ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ ∠ジ ͡ ル∠ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ョケ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ユ∠ ⇒∠ヌバ͡ ∇ャや ペ ∃ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∂モム⊥ よ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ り∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ べ∠ワほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ び-∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ

(And he put s fort h for Us a parable, and forget s his own creat ion. He says: "Who will give life t o t hese bones aft er t hey are rot t en and have become dust '' Say: "He will give life t o t hem Who creat ed t hem for t he first t ime! And He is t he All-Knower of every creat ion!'')(36:78-79) aWe ment ioned earlier a Hadit h collect ed in t he Sahih,

∇リャ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ⊥ ∇よや ヶ͡レΑ͡ク∇ぽΑ⊥ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » ラ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ワほ∠よ͡ ペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ .ヶ͡ルぺ∠ギ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ヶ͡ルギ∠ Β͡バΑ⊥ «ヮ͡ゎキ∠ ゅ∠ハま͡ ∇リョ͡ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ (Allah t he Exalt ed said, "Son of ` Adam insult s Me when he says, ` He will not resurrect me as He creat ed me before!' But surely, originat ing creat ion is not easier for Me t han reproducing it again.'')

ヮ⊥ ジ ⊥ ∇ヘル∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ サ ⊥ ヲ͡ ∇シヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ヴｚボヤ∠わ∠ Α∠ ∇クま͡ - ギ͡ Α͡ケヲ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇らェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚョ - ∀ギΒ͡バホ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ヨゼ あ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠Βボあ ヤ∠わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇れ￢∠ ゅ∠ィヱ∠ - ∀ギΒ͡わハ ∠ ∀ょΒ͡ホ∠ケ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョ ナ ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ヤΑ∠ - ギ⊥ Β͡エゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ムシ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ - ギ͡ Β͡ハヲ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ケ͡ ヲぁダャや ヴ͡プ オ ∠ ヘ͡ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ∇リョあ る∃ ヤ∠∇ヘビ ∠ ヴ͡プ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚ - ギ∀ Β͡ヰセ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ペ͡もべ∠シ ゅ∠ヰ∠バョｚ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ び ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠ェ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ダ ∠ ら∠ プ∠ ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠トビ ͡ マ ∠ レ∠ハ ゅ∠レ∇ヘゼ ∠ ム∠ プ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ (16. And indeed We have creat ed man, and We know what his self whispers t o him. And We are nearer t o him t han his j ugular vein.) (17. (Remember) t hat t he t wo receivers (recording angels) receive (each human being), one sit t ing on t he right and one on t he left .) (18. Not a word does he (or she) ut t er but t here is a wat cher by him ready (t o record it ).) (19. And t he st upor of deat h will come in t rut h: "This is what you have been avoiding!'') (20. And t he Trumpet will be blown -- t hat will be t he Day of t he t hreat .) (21. And every person will come fort h along wit h a Sa'iq and a Shahid.) (22. (It will be said t o t he sinners): "Indeed you were heedless of t his. Now We have removed from you, your covering, and sharp is your sight t his Day!'')

Allah encompasses and watches all of Man's Activity

Allah t he Exalt ed affirms His absolut e dominance over mankind, being t heir Creat or and t he Knower of everyt hing about t hem. Allah t he Exalt ed has complet e knowledge of all t hought s t hat cross t he mind of man, be t hey good or evil. In t he Sahih, t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ヰジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ろを∠ ギｚ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヶ͡わョｚ ほ⊥ャ͡ コ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠イゎ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» «モ∠ヨ∇バゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇モボ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ (Verily, Allah t he Exalt ed has forgiven my Ummah (Muslims) for what t hey t alk (t hink) t o t hemselves about , as long as t hey do not ut t er or implement it .) The st at ement of Allah t he Exalt ed,

び͡ギΑ͡ケヲ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇らェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We are nearer t o him t han his j ugular vein.) means, His angels are nearer t o man t han his j ugular vein. Those who explained ` We' in t he Ayah t o mean ` Our knowledge,' have done so t o avoid falling int o t he idea of incarnat ion or indwelling; but t hese t wo creeds are false according t o t he consensus of Muslims. Allah is praised and glorified, He is far hallowed beyond what t hey ascribe t o Him. The words of t his Ayah do not need t his explanat ion (t hat ` We' refers t o ` Allah's knowledge'), for Allah did not say, ` and I am closer t o him t han his j ugular vein.' Rat her, He said,

び͡ギΑ͡ケヲ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇らェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We are nearer t o him t han his j ugular vein. ) j ust as He said in t he case of dying persons,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らゎ⊥ Ι ｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (But We are nearer t o him t han you, but you see not .) (56:85), in reference t o His angels (who t ake t he souls). Allah t he Exalt ed t he Blessed said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠エャ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ミグあ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ∠ル リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We, it is We Who have sent down t he Dhikr and surely, We will guard it .) (15:9) Therefore, t he angels brought down t he revelat ion, t he Qur'an, by t he leave of Allah, t he Exalt ed, t he Most Honored. Thus, t he angels are closer t o man t han his own j ugular vein, by t he power and leave of Allah. Consequent ly, t he angel t ouches mankind, j ust as t he devil t ouches t hem, for t he devil is as close t o t hem as t he blood t hat runs in t heir veins; j ust as Allah's Prophet , who is t rut hful and was t old t he t rut h, t old us. Allah's st at ement here,

び͡ラゅ∠Βボあ ヤ∠わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴｚボヤ∠わ∠ Α∠ ∇クま͡ぴ ((Remember) t hat t he t wo receivers receive,) in reference t o t he t wo angels who receive and record t he deeds of mankind.

び∀ギΒ͡バホ∠ ͡メゅ∠ヨゼ あ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ぴ (one sit t ing on t he right and one on t he left .) means ready t o not e,

び⊥ナヘ͡ ∇ヤΑ∠ ゅｚョぴ (what ever he ut t ers), in reference t o t he human,

び∃メ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョぴ (of a word), means any word t hat he or she speaks,

び∀ギΒ͡わハ ∠ ∀ょΒ͡ホ∠ケ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (but t here is a wat cher by him ready.) means, but t here is a scribe whose j ob is t o record it , leaving no word or movement unrecorded. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α - リ ∠ Β͡らわ͡ ⇒∠ミ ゅ⇔ョや∠ゲミ͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠エャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ (But verily, over you (are appoint ed angels) t o wat ch you, Kiraman (honorable) Kat ibin writ ing down (your deeds), t hey know all t hat you do.) (82:10-12) Therefore, t he scribe records every word t hat is spoken, according t o t he explanat ion of Al-Hasan and Qat adah. This is also t he apparent meaning of t his Ayah. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Bilal bin Al-Harit h Al-Muzani said, "The Messenger of Allah said,

ぶ ͡ や ラ ͡ やヲ∠ ∇ッケ͡ ∇リョ͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤｚム∠ わ∠ Β∠ ャ∠ モ ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やょ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ろピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ぁリヌ ⊥ Α∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ モ ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ロゅ∠ボ∇ヤΑ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ や∠ヲ∇ッケ͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ぁリヌ ⊥ Α∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ͡ やテ ͡ガ ∠シ ∠ ∇リョ͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤｚム∠ わ∠ Β∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ト ∠ガ ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やょ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∩∇ろピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らゎ∠ «ロゅ∠ボ∇ヤΑ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡

(Verily, a man might ut t er a word t hat pleases Allah t he Exalt ed, unaware of how highly it will be regarded, and on it s account Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored decrees His pleasure of him unt il t he Day he meet s Him. A man might indeed ut t er a word t hat angers Allah t he Exalt ed, unaware of how dreadful it will be and on it s account Allah t he Exalt ed decrees for him His anger unt il t he Day he meet s Him.)'' ` Alqamah used t o say, "How many words did I not ut t er because of t he Hadit h t hat Bilal bin Al-Harit h narrat ed.'' At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah collect ed t his Hadit h. At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.'' There is a Hadit h similar t o t his in t he Sahih.

Reminding Mankind of the Stupor of Death, the Blast of the Trumpet and the Day of Gathering

Allah t he Exalt ed and Most High said,

ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ムシ ∠ ∇れ￢∠ ゅ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ び ギ⊥ Β͡エゎ∠ (And t he st upor of deat h will come in t rut h: "This is what you have been avoiding!'') Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored says, ` O mankind! This is t he st upor of deat h t hat has come in t rut h; now, I have brought fort h t o you t he cert aint y t hat you were disput ing,'

び⊥ギΒ͡エゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (This is what you have been avoiding!), means, ` t his is t he end t hat you were t rying t o escape; it has come t o you! Therefore, you will have neit her a shelt er nor a refuge nor a sanct uary nor an asylum from it .' In t he Sahih, t he Prophet said, while wiping sweat from his face when t he st upor of deat h overcame him,

«れや∠ゲム∠ ジ ∠ ャ∠ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ ぶ ͡ やラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥» (Glory be t o Allah! Verily, deat h has it s st upor.) The Ayah,

び⊥ギΒ͡エゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (This is what you have been avoiding!) has t wo possible meanings. One of t hem is t his: ` what you have been t rying t o avert , escape and flee from has come t o you and resided in your home!' The second meaning is, ` you had no way of escaping or avert ing t his end. ' At -Tabarani collect ed a Hadit h in Al-Mu` j am Al-Kabir from Samurah who said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ヤ⊥∇トゎ∠ ょ ͡ ヤ∠∇バんｚ ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲぁ ヘ͡ Α∠ ヵ͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ » ヶ ∠ Β͡ ∇ハぺ⊥ や∠クま͡ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ヴ∠バ∇ジΑ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠イプ∠ ∩リ∇Αギ∠ よ͡ チ ⊥ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ∩⊥ょヤ∠∇バを∠ ゅ∠Α :チ ⊥ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇エィ ⊥ モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ゲ∠ ヰ͡ ∇シぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミ ∇メゴ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∩∀ソゅ∠ダェ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ガ ∠ プ∠ .ヶ͡レ∇Αキ∠ «れゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ボ⊥ レ⊥ ハ ⊥ ∇ろバ∠ ト ｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ (The parable of whoever t ries t o avoid deat h is t hat of a fox t hat had a debt t o pay t o t he eart h. The fox went away and when he became t ired and t he t ime t o sleep overt ook him, he ent ered his den. The eart h said t o him, ` O fox! Pay my debt !' The fox went out howling and cont inued unt il his neck was cut off, (i.e.,) he died.) This parable indicat es t hat j ust as t he fox had no way of escaping or avoiding t he eart h, likewise, man has no way of avoiding deat h. Allah t he Exalt ed t he Blessed said,

び ギ͡ Β͡ハヲ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ケ͡ ヲぁダャや ヴ͡プ オ ∠ ヘ͡ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he Trumpet will be blown -- t hat will be t he Day of t he t hreat .) Earlier we discussed t he informat ion about t he blowing of t he Trumpet , t he fear t hat follows it , t he deat h of everyt hing and t hen resurrect ion, all t his will occur on t he Day of Resurrect ion. We also ment ioned t hat t he Messenger of Allah said in a Hadit h,

∩∠ラ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ ホ∠ ラ ͡ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タヱ∠ ユ⊥ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ » «ヮ∠ャ ラ ∠ ク∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ わ∠ ∇ルや∠ヱ ∩⊥ヮわ∠ ヰ∠ ∇らィ ∠ ヴ∠レェ ∠ ヱ∠ (How can I feel comfort while t he angel responsible for t he Trumpet has placed t he Trumpet t o his mout h and lowered his forehead await ing when he will be commanded (by Allah t o blow in it )) They said, "O Allah's Messenger, what should we say'' He said,

«モΒ͡ミヲ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇バル͡ ヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠レら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホ» (Say, "Allah is sufficient for us, and He is t he best disposer of affairs.)'' The Companions repeat ed t his invocat ion, saying, "Allah is sufficient for us, and He is t he best disposer of affairs (for us).'' Allah said,

び ギ∀ Β͡ヰセ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ペ͡もべ∠シ ゅ∠ヰ∠バョｚ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ (And every person will come fort h along wit h a Sa'iq and a Shahid.) meaning, an angel t o drive him t o t he gat hering place and an angel t o bear wit ness against him wit h regards t o his deeds.

This is t he apparent meaning of t his honorable Ayah and it is t he meaning t hat Ibn Jarir preferred. It was narrat ed from Yahya bin Rafi` , t he freed servant of Thaqif, t hat he heard ` Ut hman bin ` Affan, may Allah be pleased wit h him, giving a speech in which he recit ed t his Ayah,

び ギ∀ Β͡ヰセ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ペ͡もべ∠シ ゅ∠ヰ∠バョｚ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ (And every person will come fort h along wit h a Sa'iq and a Shahid.) and t hen said, "A Sa'iq t o drive every person t o Allah t he Exalt ed, and a Shahid t o wit ness against him what he has done.'' The st at ement of Allah t he Exalt ed,

マ ∠ レ∠ハ ゅ∠レ∇ヘゼ ∠ ム∠ プ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇リョあ る∃ ヤ∠∇ヘビ ∠ ヴ͡プ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ び ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠ェ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ダ ∠ ら∠ プ∠ ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠トビ ͡ (Indeed you were heedless of t his. Now We have removed from you, your covering, and sharp is your sight t his Day!) is direct ed at humanit y. Allah said,

びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇リョあ る∃ ヤ∠∇ヘビ ∠ ヴ͡プ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ (Indeed you were heedless of t his.), of t his Day,

び∀ギΑ͡ギェ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ダ ∠ ら∠ プ∠ ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠トビ ͡ マ ∠ レ∠ハ ゅ∠レ∇ヘ∠ゼ∠ム∠プぴ (Now We have removed from you, your covering, and sharp is your sight t his Day!) ` your sight is now clear and st rong.' Everyone, including t he disbelievers, will have clear sight on t he Day of Resurrec- t ion. However, having sight will not be helpful t o t he dis- believers on t hat Day, for Allah t he Exalt ed said,

びゅ∠レル∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ゲダ ͡ ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ノヨ͡ ∇シぺ∠ぴ (How clearly will t hey (disbelievers) see and hear, t he Day when t hey will appear before Us!) (19:38), and,

ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユヰ͡ シ ͡ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ジミ͡ ゅ∠ル ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ク͡ ま͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バル∠ ゅ∠レ∇バィ ͡ ∇ケゅ∠プ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲダ ∠ ∇よぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥ョ ゅｚル͡ま ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ

(And if you only could see when t he criminals hang t heir heads before t heir Lord (saying): "Our Lord! We have now seen and heard, so send us back (t o t he world), t hat we will do right eous good deeds. Verily, we now believe wit h cert aint y.)(32:12)

ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ - ∀ギΒ͡わハ ∠ ン ｚ ギ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヮ⊥ レ⊥ Α͡ゲホ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ン͡グャｚや - ょ ∃ Α͡ゲョぁ ギ∃ わ∠ ∇バョ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ヤャあ ノ∃ ⇒ｚレョｚ - ギ∃ Β͡レハ ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚヘミ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ͡ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャほ∠プ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や￢∠ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Βピ∠ ∇デぺ∠ べ∠ョ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ レ⊥ Α͡ゲホ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ギ͡ Α͡ギゼ ｚ ャや ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ン ｚ ギ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ Ι ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ギ∃ Β͡バよ∠ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ び ͡ギΒ͡ハ∠ヲ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ム∇Βャ∠ま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ョｚギホ∠ び ギ͡ Β͡らバ∠ ∇ヤャあ ユ∃ ⇒ｚヤヌ ∠ よ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ン ｚ ギ∠ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ｚギら∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョぴ (23. And his companion (angel) will say: "Here is (his record) ready wit h me!'') (24. (Allah will say t o t he angels:) "Bot h of you t hrow int o Hell every st ubborn disbeliever'') (25. "Hinderer of good, t ransgressor, doubt er,'') (26. "Who set up anot her god wit h Allah. Then bot h of you cast him in t he severe t orment .'') (27. His companion (devil) will say: "Our Lord! I did not push him t o t ransgression, but he was himself in error far ast ray.'') (28. (Allah) will say: "Disput e not in front of Me, I had already in advance sent you t he t hreat .'') (29. "The sent ence t hat comes from Me cannot be changed, and I am not unj ust t o t he servant s.'')

The Angel will bear Witness; Allah commands that the Disbeliever be thrown into the Fire Allah t he Exalt ed st at es t hat t he scribe angel, who is ent rust ed wit h recording t he deeds of mankind, will t est ify against him or her about t he deeds he or she did on t he Day of Resurrect ion. He will say,

び∀ギΒ͡わハ ∠ ン ｚ ギ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ ("Here is (his record) ready wit h me!''), here it is prepared and complet ed wit hout addit ion or delet ion. This is when Allah t he Exalt ed will j udge t he creat ion wit h fairness, saying,

び ギ∃ Β͡レハ ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚヘミ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ぴ

(Bot h of you t hrow int o Hell every st ubborn disbeliever.) It appears t hat Allah will say t hese words t o t he Sa'iq and Shahid angels; t he Sa'iq drove him t o t he grounds where Reckoning is held and t he Shahid t est ified. Allah t he Exalt ed will order t hem t o t hrow him in t he fire of Jahannam, and worse it is as a dest inat ion,

び ギ∃ Β͡レハ ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚヘミ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ぴ (Bot h of you t hrow int o Hell every st ubborn disbeliever.) meaning, whose disbelief and denial of t rut h was horrendous, who used t o st ubbornly rej ect t he t rut h, knowingly cont radict ing it wit h falsehood,

び͡ゲ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ヤャあ ノ∃ ⇒ｚレョｚ ぴ (Hinderer of good,) meaning for he did not fulfill t he dut ies he was ordered, nor was he dut iful, keeping t ies t o kit h and kin nor giving charit y,

び∃ギわ∠ ∇バョ⊥ ぴ (t ransgressor,) meaning, he t ransgresses t he limit s in spending. Qat adah comment ed, "He is a t ransgressor in his speech, behavior and affairs.'' Allah said,

び∃ょΑ͡ゲョ⊥ ぴ (doubt er,) meaning, he doubt s and raises doubt s in t hose who scrut inize his behavior,

び∠ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (who set up anot her god wit h Allah.) meaning, he associat ed ot hers wit h Allah and worshipped ot hers besides Him,

び͡ギΑ͡ギゼ ｚ ャや ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャほ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then bot h of you cast him in t he severe t orment .) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Sa` id AlKhudri said t hat t he Prophet said,

ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ∇ヤあミヱ⊥ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ユ⊥ ヤｚム∠ わ∠ Α∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∀ペレ⊥ ハ ⊥ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ » ゅ⇔ヰャ͡ま ぶ ͡ や ノ∠ ョ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∃ギΒ͡レハ ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚらィ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ :る∃ を∠ ゅ∠ヤん∠ よ͡

∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヵ͡ヲト ∠ ∇レわ∠ プ∠ ∩∃ザ∇ヘル∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ゲカ ∠へ «ユｚレヰ∠ ィ ∠ れ ͡ や∠ゲヨ∠ ビ ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ⊥ グ͡ ∇ボわ∠ プ∠ (A neck from t he Fire will appear and will speak saying, "Today, I have been ent rust ed wit h t hree: Every obst inat e t yrant , everyone who ascribed anot her god wit h Allah, and he who t ook a life wit hout right .'' The neck will t hen close in on t hem and t hrow t hem in t he midst of Jahannam.)''

Man and Devil dispute before Allah Allah's saying;

び⊥ヮレ⊥ Α͡ゲホ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (His companion will say), refers t o t he devil who is ent rust ed t o every man, according t o ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Qat adah and several ot hes. He will say,

び⊥ヮわ⊥ ∇Βピ∠ ∇デぺ∠ べ∠ョ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! I did not push him t o t ransgression,) meaning, t he devil will say t his about t he human who came on t he Day of Resurrect ion as a disbeliever. The devil will disown him, saying,

び⊥ヮわ⊥ ∇Βピ∠ ∇デぺ∠ べ∠ョ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! I did not push him t o t ransgression) meaning, "I did not lead him ast ray,''

び∃ギΒ͡バよ∠ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but he was himself in error far ast ray.) meaning, he himself was misguided, accept ing falsehood and st ubborn t o t he t rut h. Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said in anot her Ayah,

∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘやヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ゅｚヨャ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ヴ ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠∇カほ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎぁ ギ∠ハヱ∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らイ ∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠

∇ユム⊥ カ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダヨ⊥ よ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ャヱ∠ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ヤゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ れ ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ヴあルま͡ ヴ ｚカ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダヨ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ラ ｚ ま͡ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ (And Shayt an will say when t he mat t er has been decided: "Verily, Allah promised you a promise of t rut h. And I t oo promised you, but I bet rayed you. I had no aut horit y over you except t hat I called you, and you responded t o me. So blame me not , but blame yourselves. I cannot help you, nor can you help me. I deny your former act in associat ing me as a part ner wit h Allah. Verily, t here is a painful t orment for t he wrongdoers.'') (14:22) Allah t he Exalt ed said,

びｚンギ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ Ι ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ((Allah) will say: "Disput e not in front of Me.'') The Lord, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored will say t his t o t he man and his devil companion, who will be disput ing before Him. The man will say, "O, Lord! This devil has misguided me away from t he Remembrance aft er it came t o me,'' while t he devil will declare,

び∃ギΒ͡バよ∠ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Βピ∠ ∇デぺ∠ べ∠ョ ゅレ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! I did not push him t o t ransgression, but he was himself in error far ast ray.) from t he pat h of t rut h. The Lord, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored will say t o t hem,

びｚンギ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (Disput e not in front of Me,) or ` before Me,'

び͡ギΒ͡ハヲ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ム∇Βャ∠ま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ョｚギホ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (I had already in advance sent you t he t hreat .) ` I have given you sufficient proof by t he words of t he Messengers, and I have sent down t he Divine Books; t he evidences, signs and proofs have t hus been est ablished against you,'

びｚン∠ギ∠ャ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ｚギら∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョぴ (The Sent ence t hat comes from Me cannot be changed, ) "I have made My decision,'' according t o t he explanat ion of Muj ahid,

び͡ギΒ͡らバ∠ ∇ヤャあ ユ∃ ⇒ｚヤヌ ∠ よ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(And I am not unj ust t o t he servant s.) ` I will not punish anyone, except on account of t heir sins aft er t he proof has been est ablished against t hem.'

リ͡ョ ∇モワ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ヱ∠ れ ͡ Κ ∂ わ∠ ∇ョや モ ͡ ワ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ イ ∠ ャ͡ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ や∠グ⇒∠ワ - ギ∃ Β͡バよ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ る⊥ ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ヘ∠ ャ͡∇コぺ⊥ヱ∠ - ギ∃ Α͡ゴョｚ ヴ ∠ゼ ͡カ ∠ ∇リョｚ - ナ ∃ Β͡ヘェ ∠ ゆ ∃ やｚヱぺ∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや - ょ ∃ Β͡レョぁ ょ ∃ ∇ヤボ∠ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ - キ͡ ヲ⊥ヤガ ⊥ ャ⊥や ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ユ∃ ⇒∠ヤジ ∠ よ͡ び ∀ギΑ͡ゴ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ (30. On t he Day when We will say t o Hell: "Are you filled'' It will say: "Are t here any more'') (31. And Paradise will be Uzlifat t o t hose who had Taqwa, not far off.) (32. (It will be said): "This is what you were promised -- (it is) for t hose ret urning in sincere repent ance, and Hafiz.'') (33. "Who feared Ar-Rahman unseen and brought a heart t urned in repent ance.'') (34. "Ent er you t herein in peace and securit y -- t his is a Day of et ernal life!'') (35. There t hey will have all t hat t hey desire -- and We have more.)

Jahannam and Paradise and their Dwellers Allah st at es t hat He will say t o Jahannam on t he Day of Resurrect ion, "Have you had your fill'' Allah t he Most Honored has promised Hell t hat it will have it s fill from t he Jinns and mankind. He, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, will decide who will be t hrown int o t he Fire and she will keep saying, "Are t here any more,'' or, ` Are t here any more whom You will provide me wit h' This is t he apparent meaning of t his Ayah which is support ed by several Hadit hs. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∨∃ギΑ͡ゴョ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇モワ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヴ∠ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ メ ⊥ や∠ゴゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» ヵ͡ヱゴ∠ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ギ∠ ホ∠ り͡ ゴｚ バ͡ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ノ∠ ツ ∠ Α∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ マ ∠ ゎ͡ ゴｚ ハ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇テホ∠ ∇テホ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ヰツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ￢∠ ヴ͡ゼ∇レΑ⊥ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∀モ∇ツ∠プ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ メ ⊥ や∠ゴΑ∠ ゅャ∠ヱ∠ .マ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠

メ ͡ ヲ⊥ツプ⊥ ヶ͡プ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ ム͡ ∇ジΒ⊥ プ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ へ ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ぶ ⊥ や «るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや (The people will be t hrown int o Jahannam and it will say, ` Are t here any more' Unt il t he Might y Lord put s His Foot over it and it s corners will be collect ed t oget her and it will say, "Enough, enough by Your grace and compassion!' There will be sufficient empt y space in Paradise unt il Allah creat es anot her creat ion and He, t he Exalt ed, makes t hem dwell in t he empt y part s of Paradise.)'' Muslim also collect ed t his Hadit h. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat t he Prophet said,

∨∃ギΑ͡ゴョ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇モワ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∨͡れ∇ほヤ∠わ∠ ∇ョや モ ͡ ワ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ イ ∠ ャ͡ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ » :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボわ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ギ∠ ホ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ゆ ぁ ゲｚ ャや ノ⊥ ツ ∠ Β∠ プ∠ «テホ∠ ∇テホ∠ (Jahannam will be asked, "Are you full'' and it will say, "Are t here any more'' Unt il t he Lord, t he Blessed and Most Honored, put s His Foot over it and it will say: "Enough! Enough!'') Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

れ ⊥ ∇ゲを͡ ヱ⊥ぺ :ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ボプ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ る⊥ ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ィ ｚ ゅ∠エゎ∠ » ゅ∠ャ ヶ͡ャゅ∠ョ :る⊥ ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ .リ ∠ Α͡ゲらあ イ ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Α͡ゲらあ ム∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ .∇ユヰ⊥ ト ⊥ ボ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ￢⊥ ゅ∠ヘバ∠ ッ ⊥ ゅｚャま͡ ヶ͡レヤ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ ゅ∠セぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ マ ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヶわ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ろ ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ :る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ͡ よ͡ ゆ ⊥ あグハ ∠ ぺ⊥ ヶ͡よや∠グハ ∠ ろ ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ :ケ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ . ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∩ゅ∠ワぽ⊥ ∇ヤョ͡ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ∇レョ͡ り∃ ギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ モ あ ム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ ゅ∠セぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ィケ͡ ノ∠ ツ ∠ Α∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ￢⊥ ヴ͡ヤわ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ヰツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ヵ͡ヱゴ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ ヴ͡ヤわ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩∇テホ∠ ∇テホ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボわ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ボ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡

ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ￢⊥ ヴ͡ゼ∇レΑ⊥ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ み͡プ∠ る⊥ ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ «ゲ∠カへ ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠ (Paradise and t he Fire quarreled. The Fire said, "I have been favored wit h t he arrogant people and t yrant s.'' Paradise said, "What is wrong wit h me t hat only t he poor and humble people ent er me'' Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said t o Paradise, "You are My mercy, wit h which I grant mercy t o t hose whom I will among My servant s.'' He said t o Hell, "You are My punishment which I inflict upon whom I wish from My servant s, and I shall fill bot h of you.'' As for Hellfire, it will not have it s fill unt il Allah put s His Foot over it and she will say, "Enough! Enough!'' She will become full and it s sides will come close t o each ot her. Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored shall not be unj ust t o any one of His creat ures. As for Paradise, Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored will creat e anot her creat ion t o fill it .) Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び ギ∃ Β͡バよ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ る⊥ ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ヘ∠ ャ͡∇コぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (And Paradise will be Uzlifat t o t hose who had Taqwa, not far off.) meaning, Paradise will be brought close and near t o t he pious, according t o Qat adah, Abu Malik and As-Suddi,

び∃ギΒ͡バよ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ぴ (not far off), and t his will occur on t he Day of Resurrect ion, which is not far off. Surely t hat Day will come t o pass and all t hat is bound t o come, is near,

び∃ゆやｚヱぺ∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ョ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (This is what you were promised -- (it is) for t hose ret urning) who go back t o Allah in sincere repent ance int ending not t o repeat sin,

び∀ナΒ͡ヘェ ∠ぴ (Hafiz), who preserve t heir covenant wit h Allah and do not break or bet ray it ,

び͡ょ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヴ ∠ゼ ͡カ ∠ ∇リョｚ ぴ (Who feared Ar-Rahman unseen) who feared Allah in secret when only Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored could see him. The Prophet said,

«ロゅ∠レ∇Βハ ∠ ∇ろッ ∠ ゅ∠ヘプ∠ ∩ゅ⇔Βャ͡ゅ∠カ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ や ゲ∠ ミ∠ ク∠ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ » (And a man who remembered Allah t he Exalt ed while alone, and his eyes became t earful.) Allah said,

び∃ょΒ͡レョぁ ょ ∃ ∇ヤボ∠ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ (and brought a heart t urned in repent ance. ) meaning, he will meet Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, on t he Day of Resurrect ion wit h a heart t urned in repent ance t o Him and absolut ely free (of Shirk) and humbled t o Him,

びゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キやぴ (Ent er you t herein), meaning Paradise,

び∃ユ⇒∠ヤジ ∠ よ͡ ぴ (in peace and securit y), t hey will earn securit y from t he t orment of Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, and t he angels of Allah will greet t hem wit h t he Salam, according t o t he explanat ion of Qat adah. The st at ement of Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored:

び͡キヲ⊥ヤガ ⊥ ャ⊥や ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (-- t his is a Day of et ernal life!), meaning, t hey will reside in Paradise forever and will never die, neit her be t ransferred from it nor wish t o be t ransferred from it . The st at ement of Allah t he All-Might y,

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ぴ (There t hey will have all t hat t hey desire), means, what ever delight s t hey wish and desire, t hey will find it brought before t hem. Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ギΑ͡ゴョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and We have more.) is similar t o His ot her st at ement ,

び∀りキ∠ ゅ∠Αコ͡ ヱ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥レジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあぴ (For t hose who have done good is t he best and even more. )(10:26) In t he Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat Suhayb bin Sinan Ar-Rumi said t hat ` more' refers t o looking at t he Most Honorable Face of Allah.

ゅ⇔ゼ∇トよ∠ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ラ ∃ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ム∠ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ゾ ∃ Β͡エョｚ リ͡ョ ∇モワ∠ ギ͡ ⇒∠ヤら͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥らボｚ レ∠ プ∠

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ノ∠ ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀ょ∇ヤ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨャ͡ ン∠ゲ∇ミグ͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ∀ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ - ゆ ∃ ヲ⊥ピャぁ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レジ ｚ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ わｚ シ ͡ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ウらあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プ ヮ⊥ ∇エあらジ ∠ プ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ - ゆ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲピ⊥ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヱ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ネ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤデ ⊥ び キ͡ ヲ⊥イジ ぁ ャや ゲ∠ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ (36. And how many a generat ion We have dest royed before t hem who were st ronger in power t han t hey. And t hey went about t he land! Could t hey find any place of refuge) (37. Verily, t herein is indeed a reminder for him who has a heart or gives ear while he is heedful.) (38. And indeed We creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h and all bet ween t hem in six Days and not hing of fat igue t ouched Us.) (39. So bear wit h pat ience all t hat t hey say, and glorify t he praises of your Lord, before t he rising of t he sun and before (it s) set t ing.) (40. And during a part of t he night (also) glorify His praises and (so likewise) aft er t he prost rat ions.)

Warning the Disbelievers of the imminent Torment; commanding the Prophet to pray and have Patience Allah t he Exalt ed asks, ` how many We have dest royed before t hese denying disbelievers'

び⇔ゅゼ∇トよ∠ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ラ ∃ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョぴ (a generat ion who were st ronger in power t han t hey.) t hey were more numerous, might ier t han t hey and who const ruct ed on t he eart h and built on it more t han t hey. The st at ement of Allah t he Exalt ed,

び∃ゾΒ͡エョｚ リ͡ョ ∇モワ∠ ͡ギ⇒∠ヤ͡ら∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥らボｚ レ∠ プ∠ ぴ (And t hey went about t he land! Could t hey find any place of refuge) Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "They left t he t races t hroughout t he land,'' Qat adah said, "They t raveled t hroughout t he land seeking provisions t hrough t rade and business, more t han you have.'' Allah's st at ement ,

び∃ゾΒ͡エョｚ リ͡ョ ∇モワ∠ ぴ (Could t hey find any place of refuge) means, ` could t hey find a shelt er from Allah's decision and appoint ed dest iny Have what t hey collect ed benefit ed t hem or avert ed Allah's t orment

when it came t o t hem on account of t heir denial of t he Messengers Likewise, you will never be able t o avert , avoid, or find refuge or shelt er (from His t orment ).' Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

びン∠ゲ∇ミグ͡ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t herein is indeed a reminder) and a lesson,

び∀ょ∇ヤホ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨャ͡ぴ (for him who has a heart ) meaning, a sound underst anding wit h which he comprehends, or, a good mind, according t o Muj ahid,

び∀ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ノ∠ ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or gives ear while he is heedful.) meaning, he hears t he speech, comprehends and underst ands it in his mind and grasps it s indicat ions wit h his int ellect . Muj ahid said t hat ,

び∠ノ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or gives ear), means, he does not t alk t o himself but list ens wit h an at t ent ive heart . AdDahhak comment ed, "The Arabs would say t hat someone has given ear when he hears wit h his ears, while his heart is present and not absent .'' At h-Thawri and several ot hers said similarly. The st at ement of Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored;

ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゆ ∃ ヲ⊥ピャぁ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レジ ｚ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ わｚ シ ͡ (And indeed We creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h and all t hat bet ween t hem in six Days and not hing of fat igue t ouched Us.) is emphasis on t he Resurrect ion because He Who is able t o creat e t he heavens and eart h wit hout fat igue, t hen surely He is able t o resurrect t he dead. Qat adah said, "The Jews, may Allah's curses descend on t hem, said t hat Allah creat ed t he heavens and eart h in six days and t hen rest ed on t he sevent h day, which was t he Sabbat h. This is why t hey call it a holiday. Allah t he Exalt ed t hen sent down denial of t heir st at ement and false opinion.'' Allah said, m

び∃ゆヲ⊥ピャぁ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レジ ｚ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and not hing of fat igue t ouched Us.) indicat ing t hat no sleep, exhaust ion or weariness affect s Him. Allah t he Exalt ed t he Blessed said in ot her Ayat ,

れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ∃ キ͡ ゅ∠ボよ͡ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ボ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ よ͡ ヴ ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや (Do t hey not see t hat Allah, Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, and was not wearied by t heir creat ion, is able t o give life t o t he dead Yes, He surely is Able t o do all t hings.)(46:33),

ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ⊥ ∇ヤガ ∠ ャ∠ぴ び͡サゅｚレャや (The creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h is indeed great er t han t he creat ion of mankind.)(40:57) and,

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レよ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ュ͡ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠￢ぺ∠ぴ (Are you more difficult t o creat e or is t he heaven t hat He const ruct ed)(79:27) Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プぴ (So bear wit h pat ience all t hat t hey say, ) in reference t o t hose who deny t he Prophet , ordering him t o be pat ient wit h t hem and t urn away from t hem in a good way,

モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヱ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ネ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤデ ⊥ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ウらあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ゆヱ⊥ゲピ⊥ ∇ャや (and glorify t he praises of your Lord, before t he rising of t he sun and before (it s) set t ing.) There were t wo ordained prayers prior t o t he Isra' j ourney. One before t he rising of t he sun at dawn and t he ot her before sunset in t he evening. Qiyam Al-Layl, prayer at night , was a command for t he Prophet and his followers for somet ime but it was lat er abrogat ed for t he Ummah. Lat er, during t he Isra' j ourney, Allah abrogat ed all of t he previous orders for prayer by ordaining five daily prayers, including t he prayers of Faj r before sunrise, and ` Asr in t he lat e aft ernoon. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jarir bin ` Abdullah said, "When we were sit t ing wit h t he Prophet , he looked at t he full moon and said,

ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ッ∠ゲ∇バわ⊥ ∠シ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ョぺ∠» ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ラ ͡ み͡プ∠ ∩͡ヮΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲぁョゅ∠ツゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや や∠グワ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヱ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ネ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤデ ⊥ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ り∃ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥らヤ∠∇ピゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ «やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇プゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ (Cert ainly you will be brought before your Lord and will see Him as you see t his moon, and you will have no t rouble in seeing Him. So, if you can avoid missing t he prayer before t he sunrise and t he prayer before sunset , you must do so.) He t hen recit ed Allah's st at ement ,

モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ヱ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ネ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤデ ⊥ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ウらあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ゆヱ⊥ゲピ⊥ ∇ャや (and glorify t he praises of your Lord, before t he rising of t he sun and before (it s) set t ing.)''' The Two Sahihs and t he rest of t he Group collect ed t his Hadit h t hrough t he chain of Isma` il. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び⊥ヮ∇エらあ ジ ∠ プ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And during a part of t he night glorify His praises), meaning pray t o Him. Allah said Ayah,

マ ∠ ん∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ マ ∠ ャｚ る⇔ ヤ∠プ͡ ゅ∠ル ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ギイ ｚ ヰ∠ わ∠ プ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔キヲ⊥ヨ∇エョｚ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ (And in some part s of t he night offer t he Salah wit h it , as an addit ional prayer for you. It may be t hat your Lord will raise you t o Maqam Mahmud.) (17:79) Ibn Abi Naj ih report ed t hat Muj ahid said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

び͡キヲ⊥イジ ぁ ャや ゲ∠ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and aft er t he prost rat ions.) refers t o Tasbih, i.e. glorifying Allah's praises, aft er t he prayers. There is a Hadit h collect ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat support s t his meaning. Abu Hurayrah said, "Some poor migrant s came and said, ` O Allah's Messenger! The wealt hy people will get higher grades and will have permanent enj oyment . ' The Prophet said,

«∨∠ポや∠ク ゅ∠ョヱ∠ »

(Why is t hat ) They said, ` They pray as we do, fast as we do, yet t hey give charit y, but we can not . They free slaves, but we can not .' The Prophet said,

∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ボら∠ シ ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ や∠クま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤハ ∠ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ぺ∠» ゅ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ツ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ あモミ⊥ ゲ∠ よ⊥ キ⊥ ∠ラヱ⊥ゲらあ ∠ムゎ⊥ ∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヨ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エらあ ジ ∠ ゎ⊥ ∨∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ «リΒ͡をゅ∠ヤを∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ り∃ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ (Shall I t ell you about somet hing t hat , if you did it , you would cat ch up wit h t hose who have surpassed you and nobody would be bet t er t han you except t hose who would do t he same Say, ` Subhan Allah, Alhamdulillah and Allahu Akbar,' t hirt y-t hree t imes each aft er every prayer.) Lat er, t hey came back and said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Our bret hren, t he wealt hy Muslims, heard of what we did and t hey also did t he same.' The Prophet said,

«￢ゅ∠ゼΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ぶ ͡ やモ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク» (This is a favor and grace of Allah, and He grant s it t o whom He wills.)'' There is anot her way of explaining t he Ayah. It is t hat Allah's st at ement ,

び͡キヲ⊥イジ ぁ ャや ゲ∠ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and aft er t he prost rat ions.) refers t o t he t wo Rak` ahs aft er t he Maghrib prayer. This was report ed from ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab, ` Ali bin Abi Talib and his son Al-Hasan, ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas, Abu Hurayrah and Abu Umamah, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem. This is also t he saying of Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Ash-Sha` bi, An-Nakha` i, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Qat adah, and ot hers.

ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ょ ∃ Α͡ゲホ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョｚ リ͡ョ キ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや キ͡ ゅ∠レΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ノヨ͡ わ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ ゅｚル͡ま - ァ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲガ ⊥ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ る∠ エ ∠ ∇Βダ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ペ ⊥ ボｚ ゼ ∠ ゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ヨル⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ ͡ ∇エル⊥ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ - ∀ゲΒ͡ジ∠Α ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ゲ∇ゼ∠ェ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ⇔ハや∠ゲシ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや ケ∃ ゅｚらイ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エｚル び ギ͡ Β͡ハヱ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠ガΑ∠ リ∠ョ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ゲミあ グ∠ プ∠

(41. And list en on t he Day when t he caller will call from a near place.) (42. The Day when t hey will hear As-Sayhah in t rut h, t hat will be t he Day of coming out .) (43. Verily, it is We Who give life and cause deat h; and t o Us is t he final ret urn.) (44. On t he Day when t he eart h shall be cleft , from off t hem (t hey will come out ) hast ening fort h. That will be a gat hering, quit e easy for Us.) (45. We know best what t hey say. And you are not t he one t o force t hem. But warn by t he Qur'an; him who fears My t hreat .)

Admonition from Some Scenes of the Day of Resurrection Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∇ノヨ͡ わ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ (And list en) ` O Muhammad,'

び∃ょΑ͡ゲホ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョｚ リ͡ョ キ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや キ͡ ゅ∠レΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (on t he Day when t he caller will call from a near place.) t o t he gat hering for t he Day of Judgement ,

びあペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ る∠ エ ∠ ∇Βダ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day when t hey will hear As-Sayhah in t rut h,) in reference t o t he blowing in t he Trumpet which will bring fort h t he t rut h t hat most of t hem discount ed and denied,

び͡ァヱ⊥ゲガ ⊥ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (t hat will be t he Day of coming out .) from t he graves,

び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ヨル⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ ͡ ∇エル⊥ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, it is We Who give life and cause deat h; and t o Us is t he final ret urn.) Allah is He Who st art s creat ion and t hen brings it back t o life, and t he lat t er is easier for Him; t o Him is t he final ret urn of all creat ions. At t his t ime, He will recompense each according t o his or her deeds, good for good and evil for evil. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び⇔ゅハや∠ゲシ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやペ ⊥ ボｚ ゼ ∠ ゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day when t he eart h shall be cleft , from off t hem (t hey will come out ) hast ening fort h.) Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored will send down rain from t he sky. From t hat rain t he bodies of t he creat ions will grow while t hey are in t heir graves, j ust as t he seed grows in soil in t he aft ermat h of rain. When t he bodies grow t o t heir full st rengt h, Allah t he Exalt ed will command angel Israfil and he will blow in t he Trumpet (for a second t ime). The souls will be enclosed in

a hole in t he Trumpet . When Israfil blows in t he Trumpet , t he souls will depart from it and will fly bet ween t he heavens and eart h. Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, will declare, "By My grace and power, each soul shall ret urn t o t he body t hat it used t o inhabit ,'' and indeed, every soul will ret urn t o it s body. The soul will ent er it s body j ust as poison ent ers t he body, t hen t he eart h will be uncovered from above t hem, and t hey will all st and and head t owards t he Reckoning place hast ening t o obey t he command of Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored,

∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ネ ͡ やｚギャや ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ∠ Β͡バト ͡ ∇ヰョぁ ぴ び ゲ∀ ジ ͡ハ ∠ (Hast ening t owards t he caller. The disbelievers will say: "This is a hard Day.'')(54:8), and

ラ͡ま ラ ∠ ヲぁレヌ ⊥ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジわ∠ プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャｚ (On t he Day when He will call you, and you will answer (His Call) wit h (words of) His praise and obedience, and you will t hink t hat you have st ayed (in t his world) but a lit t le while!) (17:52) In t he Sahih, it is recorded t hat Anas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ペ ぁゼ ∠ ∇レゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ» (The eart h will open up first around me.) Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

び∀ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ゲ∇ゼ∠ェ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That will be a gat hering, quit e easy for Us.) ` bringing t hem back t o life is easy for Us and effort less.' Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

び ゲ͡ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ウ ∃ ∇ヨヤ∠ミ∠ り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And Our commandment is but one as t he t winkling of an eye.)(54:50), and,

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ り∃ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘレ∠ ミ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ん⊥ ∇バよ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ ゅｚョぴ び ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ (The creat ion of you all and t he resurrect ion of you all are only as of a single person. Verily, Allah is All-Hearer, All-Seer.) (31:28)

Comforting the Prophet The st at ement of Allah t he Exalt ed and Most High,

び∠ラヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エｚルぴ (We know best what t hey say.) means, ` Our knowledge is all encompassing of t he denial t hat t he idolat ors are confront ing you wit h, so do not be concerned.' In similar Ayat , Allah said,

- ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ポ ∠ ケ⊥ ∇ギタ ∠ ペ ⊥ Β͡ツΑ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ギイ ͡ ⇒ｚジャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇リミ⊥ ヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ウらあ ジ ∠ プ∠ びリ ⊥ Β͡ボΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ∇ギら⊥ ∇ハや∠ヱぴ (Indeed, We know t hat your breast is st rait ened at what t hey say. So glorify t he praises of your Lord and be of t hose who prost rat e t hemselves (t o Him). And worship your Lord unt il t here comes unt o you t he cert aint y (i.e., deat h).) (15:97) Allah's st at ement ,

び∃ケゅｚらイ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And you are not t he one t o force t hem.) says, ` it is not you who forces t hem t o accept t he guidance; t his is not a part of your mission.' Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

び͡ギΒ͡ハヱ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠ガΑ∠ リ∠ョ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ゲミあ グ∠ プ∠ ぴ (But warn by t he Qur'an; him who fears My t hreat .) meaning, ` convey t he Message of your Lord, for only t hose who fear Allah and dread His t orment , and hope in His promise will remember and heed,'

び⊥ゆゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (Your dut y is only t o convey (t he Message) and on Us is t he reckoning.)(13:40),

び ゲ∃ ト ͡ ∇Βジ ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ジャｚ - ∀ゲミあ ∠グョ⊥ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ゲミあ グ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So remind t hem -- you are only one who reminds. You are not a dict at or over t hem.)(88:21-22)

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ギワ⊥ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ

(Not upon you is t heir guidance, but Allah guides whom He wills.)(2:272) and,

リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇らら∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ン͡ギ∇ヰゎ∠ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ (Verily, you guide not whom you like, but Allah guides whom He wills.) (28:56) Allah's st at ement here,

リ∠ョ ラ ͡ や￢∠ ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ゲミあ グ∠ プ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚらイ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び͡ギΒ͡ハヱ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠ガΑ∠ (And you are not t he one t o force t hem. But warn by t he Qur'an; him who fears My t hreat .) Qat adah used t o invoke Allah by saying, "O Allah! Make us among t hose who fear Your t hreat and hope for Your promise, O Barr (Subt le, Kind, Court eous, and Generous), O Rahim (t he Most Merciful).'' This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surah Qaf. All praise is due t o Allah, He is for us, t he most excellent Trust ee.

The Tafsir of Surat Adh-Dhariyat (Chapter - 51) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゲ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャゅ∠プ - や⇔ゲ∇ホヱ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ͡ ⇒∠エ∇ャゅ∠プ - や⇔ヱ∇ケク∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αケ͡ グ∠ ャや∠ヱぴ ∀ベ͡ギ⇒∠ダ∠ャ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨジ あ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠プ - ⇔やゲ∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ - マ ͡ ら⊥ エ ⊥ ∇ャや れ ͡ や∠ク ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ - ∀ノホ͡ や∠ヲャ∠ リ ∠ Αあギャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ モ ∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ - マ ∠ プ͡ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ マ ⊥ プ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ - ブ ∃ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガョぁ メ ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰ⇒∠シ り∃ ゲ∠ ∇ヨビ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥タゲ∠ ガ ∠ ∇ャや ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - リ ͡ Αあギャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ン͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユム⊥ わ∠ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥ク - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レわ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ (1. By t he scat t ering Dhariyat ;) (2. And t he laden Hamilat ;) (3. And t he st eady Jariyat ;) (4. And t he dist ribut ors of command,) (5. Verily, t hat which you are promised is surely t rue.) (6. And verily, Ad-Din is sure t o occur.) (7. By t he heaven full of Hubuk,) (8. Cert ainly, you have different ideas.) (9. Turned aside t herefrom is he who is t urned aside.) (10. Cursed be AlKharrasun) (11. Who are under a cover of Sahun,) (12. They ask: "When will be t he Day of AdDin'') (13. (It will be) a Day when t hey will be Yuft anun in t he Fire!) (14."Tast e you your t rial! This is what you used t o ask t o be hast ened!'')

Affirming the News of the Resurrection The Commander of the faithful, Ali bin Abi Talib may Allah be pleased wit h him, ascended t he Minbar in Kufah and declared, "Any Ayah in t he Book of Allah t he Exalt ed and any Sunnah from Allah's Messenger you ask me about t oday, I will explain t hem.'' Ibn Al-Kawwa st ood up and said, "O Leader of t he fait hful! What is t he meaning of Allah's st at ement ,

び や⇔ヱ∇ケク∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αケ͡ グ∠ ャや∠ヱぴ (By t he scat t ering Dhariyat ),'' and ` Ali said, "The wind.'' The man asked,

び や⇔ゲ∇ホヱ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ͡ ⇒∠エ∇ャゅ∠プぴ "(And t he laden Hamilat )'' ` Ali said, "The clouds.'' The man again asked,

び ⇔やゲ∇ジΑ⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゲ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャゅ∠プぴ "(And t he st eady Jariyat )'' ` Ali said, "The ships.'' The man asked,

び や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨジ あ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠プぴ "(And t he dist ribut ors of command)'' ` Ali said, it refers t o "The angels.'' Some scholars said t hat Al-Jariyat Yusra refers t o t he st ars t hat float in t heir orbit s wit h ease. This would mean t hat t he t hings ment ioned were ascendant in t heir order, beginning wit h t he lower, t hen ment ioning t he higher one aft er t hat , et c. The winds bring t he clouds, t he st ars are above t hem and t he angels who dist ribut e by Allah's order are above t hat , and t hey descend wit h Allah's legislat ive orders and t he decrees He det ermines. These Ayat cont ain a vow from Allah t hat Resurrect ion shall come t o pass. Allah's st at ement ,

び ∀ベ͡ギ⇒∠ダ∠ャ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ

(Verily, t hat which you are promised is surely t rue.), it is a t rut hful promise,

び∠リΑあギャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, Ad-Din) t he Recompense,

び∀ノホ͡ や∠ヲャ∠ぴ (will occur), it will surely come t o pass. Then Allah t he Exalt ed said,

びマ ͡ ら⊥ エ ⊥ ∇ャや れ ͡ や∠ク ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (By t he heaven full of Hubuk,) Ibn ` Abbas said; "Full of beaut y, grace, magnificence and perfect ion.'' Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Abu Malik, Abu Salih, As-Suddi, Qat adah, ` At iyah Al-` Awfi, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and ot hers said similarly. Ad-Dahhak, Al-Minhal bin ` Amr and ot hers said, "The meandering of t he wat er, sand and plant s when t he wind passes over t hem; carving pat hs out of t hem, t hat is t he Hubuk.'' All of t hese sayings ret urn t o t he same meaning, t hat of beaut y and complexit y. The sky is high above us, clear yet t hick, firmly st ruct ured, spacious and graceful, beaut ified wit h st ars such as t he sun and orbit ing planet s such as t he moon and t he planet s of t he solar syst em.

The Differing Claims of the Idolators Allah t he Exalt ed said,

びブ ∃ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガョぁ メ ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Cert ainly, you have different ideas.) Allah says, ` you disbelievers who deny t he Messengers have different and confused opinions t hat do not connect or conform t o each ot her.' Qat adah comment ed on t he Ayah, "You have different ideas about t he Qur'an. Some of you agree t hat it is t rue while some ot hers deny t his fact .'' Allah said,

びマ ∠ プ͡ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ マ ⊥ プ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ぴ (Turned aside t herefrom is he who is t urned aside.) Allah says, t hese confused and different opinions only fool t hose who are inwardly misguided. Surely, such falsehood is accept ed, embraced and it becomes t he source of confusion only for t hose who are misguided and originally liars, t he fools who have no sound comprehension, as Allah said,

Ι ｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡レわ͡ ⇒∠ヘよ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ び ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや メ ͡ ゅ∠タ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リョ∠

(So, verily you and t hose whom you worship cannot lead ast ray, except t hose who are predet ermined t o burn in Hell!)(37:161-163) Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, and As-Suddi said:

びマ ∠ プ͡ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ マ ⊥ プ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ぴ (Turned aside t herefrom is he who is t urned aside.) "He who is misguided is led ast ray from it . '' Allah said;

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥タゲ∠ ガ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ (Cursed be Al-Kharrasun), Muj ahid said; "The liars. This is similar t o what is ment ioned in (Surah) ` Abasa:

び ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ べ∠ョ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや モ ∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ (Be cursed man! How ungrat eful he is!)(80:17) Al-Kharrasun are t hose who claim t hat t hey will never be brought back t o life, doubt ing t he coming of Resurrect ion.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas;

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥タゲ∠ ガ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ (Cursed be Al-Kharrasun), "Cursed be t he doubt ers.'' Mu` adh said similarly, may Allah be pleased wit h him. During one of his speeches he said, "Dest royed be t he doubt ers.'' Qat adah said, "Al-Kharrasun are t he people of doubt and suspicion.'' Allah said;

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰ⇒∠シ り∃ ゲ∠ ∇ヨビ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Who are under a cover of Sahun,) Ibn ` Abbas, may Allah be pleased wit h him, and ot hers said; "In disbelief and doubt , t hey are heedless and playful.'' Allah said,

びリ ͡ Αあギャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ ぴ (They ask: "When will be t he Day of Ad-Din'') They ut t er t his st at ement in denial, st ubbornness, doubt and suspicion. Allah t he Exalt ed replied,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レわ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ ((It will be) a Day when t hey will be Yuft anun in t he Fire!) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan and several ot hers said t hat Yuft anun means punished. Muj ahid said: "Just as gold is forged in t he fire.'' A group of ot hers also including Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Zayd bin Aslam, and Sufyan At h-Thawri said, "They will be burnt .''

び∇ユム⊥ わ∠ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥クぴ (Tast e you your t rial!), Muj ahid said, "Your burning'' while ot hers said, "Your punishment .''

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ン͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (This is what you used t o ask t o be hast ened!) This will be said admonishing, chast ising, humiliat ing and belit t ling t hem. Allah knows best .

∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ョ リ ∠ Α͡グカ ͡ や∠￢ ラ ∃ ヲ⊥Βハ ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エョ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ͡ ⇒∠エ∇シΙ ｘ ゅ͡よヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バイ ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや リあョ び ヴ͡プヱ∠ - ュ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇エヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ も͡ べｚジヤｚャ ペ ｘェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レホ͡ ヲ⊥ヨ∇ヤャあ ∀ろ⇒∠Αや∠￢ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プヱ∠ - ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ダ∇らゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョあ ペ ｘエ ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボト ͡ レ∠ゎ (15. Verily, t hose who have Taqwa will be in t he midst of Gardens and Springs,) (16. Taking j oy in t he t hings which t heir Lord has given t hem. Verily, t hey were before t his doers of good.) (17. They used t o sleep but lit t le by night .) (18. And in t he hours before dawn, t hey were asking for forgiveness.) (19. And in t heir wealt h t here was t he right of t he Sa'il and t he Mahrum.) (20. And on t he eart h are signs for t hose who have fait h wit h cert aint y.) (21. And also in yourselves. Will you not t hen see (22. And in t he heaven is your provision, and t hat which you are promised.) (23. Then by t he Lord of t he heaven and t he eart h, it is t he t rut h, j ust as you can speak.)

Qualities of Those Who have Taqwa and Their Reward Allah t he Exalt ed informs about t hose who have Taqwa, t hat on t he Day of t heir Ret urn t hey will be amidst gardens and springs. To t he cont rary t he miserable ones will be amidst t orment , punishment , fire and chains. Allah said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ョ リ ∠ Α͡グカ ͡ や∠￢ぴ (Taking j oy in t he t hings which t heir Lord has given t hem.) His st at ement ;

び∠リΑ͡グカ ͡ や∠￢ぴ (Taking) describes t he st at e of t he people of Taqwa in t he midst of gardens and springs. They will receive what t heir Lord gives t hem, meaning, delight , happiness and favors. Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

び∠マャ͡ク∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hey were before t hat ), in t he life of t he world,

び∠リΒ͡レジ ͡ ∇エョ⊥ ぴ (gooddoers) As He said:

る͡ Β∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ガ∇ャや ュ͡ ゅｚΑΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠∇シぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∠ Β͡レワ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ぴ び (Eat and drink at ease for t hat which you have sent on before you in days past !)(69:24) Allah t he Exalt ed described t he good act s t hat t hey performed,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バイ ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや リあョ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミぴ (They used t o sleep but lit t le at night .) The scholars of Tafsir have t wo opinions about t his:

The First Opinion The first is t hat , t hey used t o spend a lit t le part of every night awake. Ibn ` Abbas said, "Every night , t hey would worship Allah, even during a lit t le part of t he night .'' Qat adah narrat ed t hat Mut arrif bin ` Abdullah said, "Hardly a night would pass by t hem t hat t hey did not pray t o Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, eit her in t he beginning, or t he middle of it .'' Muj ahid said, "Only a few night s, if any, would t hey sleep t hrough t he night unt il t he morning wit hout praying Tahaj j ud.'' Qat adah said similarly. Anas bin Malik and Abu Al-` Aliyah said, "They used t o pray bet ween Al-Maghrib and Al-` Isha'.'' The Second Opinion They used t o spend a lit t le part of t he night in sleep. This was preferred by Ibn Jarir. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バイ ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや リあョ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミぴ (They used t o sleep but lit t le by night ), "They performed volunt ary night prayer and would not sleep during t he night except a lit t le. They were act ive and would cont inue unt il t hey were seeking forgiveness right before dawn.'' ` Abdullah bin Salam said, "When t he Messenger of Allah arrived at Al-Madinah, people quickly gat hered around him and I was among t hem. When I saw his face, I knew t hat it was not t he face of a liar. The first st at ement I heard from him was,

やヲ⊥ヤタ ͡ ヱ∠ ∩∠ュゅ∠バト ｚ ャや やヲ⊥ヨバ͡ ∇デぺ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ゅ∠Α» サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャゅ͡よ やヲぁヤタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや やヲ⊥ゼ∇プぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ュゅ∠ェ∇ケほ∠∇ャや «ュゅ∠ヤジ ∠ よ͡ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ∩∀ュゅ∠Βル͡ (O people! Feed wit h food, keep relat ions t o kit h and kin, spread t he Salam, pray at night while people are asleep, and you will ent er Paradise in peace.)'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ヰレ͡ デ ͡ ゅ∠よ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ ワ͡ ゅ∠ニ ン∠ゲΑ⊥ ゅ⇔プゲ∠ ビ ⊥ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡» «ゅ∠ワゲ͡ ワ͡ ゅ∠ニ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰレ⊥ ͡デゅ∠よ∠ヱ (Verily, t here are loft y rooms in Paradise in which t heir out side can be seen from inside and t heir inside from t he out side.) Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari said, "Who are t hey for, O Allah's Messenger'' He said,

ゅ⇔ヨも͡ ゅ∠ホ ぶ ͡ れ ∠ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ∩∠ュゅ∠バト ｚ ャや ユ∠ バ∠ ∇デぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ュゅ∠ヤム∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡» «ュゅ∠Βル͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ (For t hose who use soft speech, feed food and spend t he night in volunt ary prayer while people are asleep.) Allah said:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ͡ ⇒∠エ∇シΙ ｘ ゅ͡よヱ∠ ぴ (And in t he hours before dawn, t hey were asking for forgiveness.) Muj ahid and several ot hers said: "They were performing Salah.'' Ot hers said t hat t hey would st and in prayer during t he night and delayed asking Allah for forgiveness unt il t he lat t er hours before dawn. As Allah, t he Exalt ed t he Blessed, said;

び͡ケゅ∠エ∇シΙ ｘ ゅ͡よ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ

(And t hose who seek forgiveness during t he last hours of t he night .)(3:17); This is because it is bet t er if asking for forgiveness is done while praying. It is confirmed in t he Sahih collect ions as well as ot hers, from several Companions, t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨシ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ る∃ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ｚモミ⊥ メ ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» ∇リョ͡ ∇モワ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ゲΒ͡カほ∠∇ャや モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャや ゑ ⊥ ヤ⊥を⊥ ヴ∠ボ∇らΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ .ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ビほ∠プ∠ ゲ∃ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ∇モワ∠ .ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎほ∠プ∠ ょ ∃ も͡ ゅ∠ゎ «ゲ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや ノ∠ ヤ⊥∇トΑ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∨⊥ヮャ∠∇ぽシ ⊥ ヴ∠ト∇バΒ⊥ プ∠ モ ∃ も͡ ゅ∠シ ∇リョ͡ ∇モワ∠ (Allah, t he Most High, descends each night t o t he lowest heaven when t he last t hird of t he night remains. He says, "Is t here anyone who is repent ing so t hat I may accept his repent ance Is t here anyone seeking forgiveness, so t hat I may forgive him Is t here anyone asking of Me, so t hat I may grant him his request '' unt il Faj r begins.) Many of t he scholars of Tafsir said t hat when t he Prophet Ya` qub said t o his sons:

びヴあよケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シぺ∠ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ぴ (I will ask my Lord for forgiveness for you)(12:98), he delayed doing so unt il t he hours before dawn. Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

び ュ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇エヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ も͡ べｚジヤｚャ ペ ｘェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ (And in t heir wealt h t here was t he right of t he Sa'il and t he Mahrum.) Aft er Allah ment ioned t heir qualit y of performing prayer, He t hen ment ioned t heir qualit y of spending in charit y and act s of compassion and kindness,

びｘペェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ (And in t heir wealt h t here was t he right ), a designat ed part which t hey dedicat ed t o t he Sa'il and Mahrum. The Sa'il is t he poor who begs ot hers, and he has a due right . As for t he Mahrum, Ibn ` Abbas and Muj ahid said, "He is t he poor person who does not receive a st ipend.'' Meaning he does not receive a st ipend from t he Muslim t reasury, nor does he have a means of income, nor a profession. The Mot her of t he fait hful, ` A'ishah may Allah be pleased wit h her, said about t he Mahrum, "He is t he displaced, t he one who does not have a profession t o easily earn an income from.'' Qat adah and Az-Zuhri: "The Mahrum is t he one who does not ask t he people for anyt hing.'' Az-Zuhri added t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

る⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ボヤぁャや ロ⊥ ぁキゲ⊥ ゎ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや フ ͡ やｚヲト ｚ ャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ Β͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠» リ ⊥ Β͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや リ ͡ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ ∩͡ラゅ∠ゎゲ∠ ∇ヨわｚ ャや∠ヱ り⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ヨわｚ ャや∠ヱ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わヨ∠ ∇ボヤぁャや∠ヱ

ベ ∠ ギｚ ダ ∠ わ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ト ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ ヴ⇔レビ ͡ ギ⊥ イ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ ヵ͡グャｚや «ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (The poor (Miskin) is not t he one who goes round t o t he people and asks t hem for a mout hful or t wo or a dat e or t wo. But t he poor is t he one who does not have enough t o sat isfy his needs and whose condit ion is not known t o ot hers, so t hat ot hers may give him somet hing in charit y.) This Hadit h is recorded in t he Two Sahihs using anot her chain of narrat ion.

Allah's Signs on the Earth and in Mankind Allah t he Exalt ed and t he Blessed said next ,

びリ ∠ Β͡レホ͡ ヲ⊥ヨ∇ヤャあ ∀ろ⇒∠Αや∠￢ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ (And on t he eart h are signs for t hose who have fait h wit h cert aint y.) Allah says t hat t here are signs on eart h t hat t est ify t o t he might of t he Creat or and His boundless abilit y. These signs include what Allah placed on t he eart h, t he various plant s, animals, valleys, mount ains, desert s, rivers and oceans. He also creat ed mankind wit h different languages, colors, int ent ions and abilit ies, and a variet y among t hem, differences in t he power of underst anding and comprehension, t heir deeds, and ult imat ely earning happiness or misery. Allah put every organ in t heir bodies in it s right ful place where t hey most need it t o be. So He said∧

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ (And also in yourselves. Will you not t hen see) Qat adah comment ed, "He who t hinks about his own creat ion will realize t hat he was creat ed wit h flexible j oint s so t hat it is easy for him t o perform act s of worship.'' Allah t he Exalt ed said next ,

び∇ユム⊥ ホ⊥ ∇コ͡ケ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ (And in t he heaven is your provision,) meaning, rain,

び∠ラヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat which you are promised.) meaning Paradise. This was said by Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and several ot hers. Allah said:

∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョあ ペ ｘエ ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボト ͡ レ∠ゎ

(Then by t he Lord of t he heaven and t he eart h, it is t he t rut h, j ust as you can speak.) Allah is swearing by His honorable Self, all of t he mat t ers of t he Judgement , Resurrect ion, and Recompense t hat t hey have been promised shall cert ainly occur. Therefore, it is t he t rut h, t here being no doubt about it , so do not doubt it s coming, j ust as you do not doubt t hat you can speak When he would t alk t o one of his friends, Mu` adh used t o say: "What I am saying is as t rue as your being here.''

∇クま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ∠ ∇ムヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ブ ͡ ∇Βッ ∠ ゑ ⊥ Α͡ギェ ∠ ポ ∠ ゅ∠ゎぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ ぴ -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム∠ レぁョ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∀ユ⇒ヤ∠シ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ∠ キ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ゲｚ ボ∠ プ∠ - リ ∃ Β͡ヨシ ∠ モ ∃ ∇イバ͡ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠イプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ パ ∠ や∠ゲプ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ る⇔ ヘ∠ Β͡カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ザ ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ろ ͡ ヤ∠ら∠ ∇ホほ∠プ∠ - ユ∃ Β∠ヤハ ∠ ユ∃ ⇒∠ヤピ⊥ よ͡ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ｚ よ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ブガ ∠ ゎ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ボ∠ハ ∀コヲ⊥イ∠ハ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ∇ろムｚ ダ ∠ プ∠ り∃ ゲｚ タ ∠ び ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ マ ͡ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ͡ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ (24. Has t he st ory reached you, of t he honored guest s of Ibrahim) (25. When t hey came in t o him and said: "Salaman!'' He answered: "Salamun'' and said: "You are a people unknown t o me.'') (26. Then he t urned t o his household, and brought out a roast ed calf.) (27. And placed it before t hem (saying): "Will you not eat '') (28. Then he conceived fear of t hem (when t hey at e not ). They said: "Fear not .'' And t hey gave him glad t idings of a son having knowledge.) (29. Then his wife came forward wit h a loud voice; she smot e her face, and said: "A barren old woman!'') (30. They said: "Even so says your Lord. Verily, He is t he All-Wise, t he All-Knower.'')

The Guests of the Prophet Ibrahim We ment ioned t his st ory before in Surah Hud and Al-Hij r. Allah said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ョゲ∠ ∇ムヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ブ ͡ ∇Βッ ∠ ゑ ⊥ Α͡ギェ ∠ ポ ∠ ゅ∠ゎぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ ぴ (Has t he st ory reached you, of t he honored guest s of Ibrahim), whom Ibrahim honored and who,

び∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (t hey said: "Salaman!'' He answered: "Salamun.'')

びべ∠ワヱぁキケ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠よ͡ ∇やヲぁΒエ ∠ プ∠ る∃ Βｚ エ ͡ わ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥わΒあΒェ ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (When you are greet ed wit h a greet ing, greet in ret urn wit h what is bet t er t han it , or ret urn it equally.)(4:86) So t he Friend of Allah chose a bet t er reply in ret urn for t heir greet ing, implement ing Allah's command: Reciprocat ing t he greet ing wit h t he t erm Salamun is st ronger t han t he greet ing using t he t erm Salaman. The t hree angels; Jibril, Mika'il and Israfil came t o Ibrahim in t he image of handsome young wonderfully graceful men. This is why Ibrahim said,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲム∠ レぁョ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホぴ (You are a people unknown t o me.) Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び͡ヮヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ パ ∠ や∠ゲプ∠ ぴ (Then he t urned t o his household,) Ibrahim discret ely went inside in hast e,

び∃リΒ͡ヨシ ∠ モ ∃ ∇イバ͡ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠イプ∠ ぴ (and brought out a roast ed calf.) from t he best of his menu, And in anot her Ayah

び∃グΒ͡レェ ∠ モ ∃ ∇イバ͡ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ラ∠ぺ ゑ ∠ ら͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (And he hast ened t o ent ert ain t hem wit h a roast ed calf.) (11:69) means roast ed on hot coals

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ゲｚ ボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (And placed it before t hem), brought it close t o t hem,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (Saying, "Will you not eat '') Ibrahim said t his polit e and kind st at ement t o his guest s, and surely, t his Ayah indicat es proper manners for honoring guest s. For he brought t he food t o his guest s quickly, while t hey were unaware t hat it was being prepared for t hem. He did not first ment ion t his favor t o t hem by saying, "We will make food for you.'' Rat her, he discret ely had it prepared and placed before t hem. He prepared t he best kind of food he had, a young, fat roast ed calf. He did not place t he food far from t hem and invit e t hem t o come close t o it t o eat . Rat her, he placed it close t o t hem and refrained from ordering t hem t o eat . Inst ead he invit ed t hem using a kind and subt le invit at ion,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι∠ぺぴ

(Will you not eat ) This st at ement is similar t o one of us saying t o a guest , "Would you be kind and generous t o do such and such'' Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び⇔るヘ∠ Β͡カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ザ ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then he conceived fear of t hem.) t his Ayah is explained by Allah's st at ement ,

ザ ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ム͡ ル∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ ⊥ダ ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ン∠ぺケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ヅ ∃ ヲ⊥ャ ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま ∇ブガ ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ る⇔ ヘ∠ Β͡カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ び∇ろム∠ エ ͡ツ ∠ プ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ も͡ べ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや∠ヱ (But when he saw t heir hands went not t owards it , he mist rust ed t hem, and felt a sense of fear of t hem. They said: "Fear not , we have been sent against t he people of Lut .'' And his wife was st anding (t here), and she laughed.)(11:70-71), meaning, she was glad t hat t he people of Lut would be dest royed on account of t heir rebellion and t ransgression against Allah, t he Exalt ed. This is when t he angels delivered t he good news t o her of a son, Ishaq, and Ya` qub aft er Ishaq,

ゅ⇔ガ∇Βセ ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∇バ∠よ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ∀コヲ⊥イ∠ハ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ャ͡ぺ∠￢∠ ゅ∠わヤ∠∇Αヲ∠ Α ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホぴ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡らイ ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ∀ょΒ͡イ∠ハ ￢∀ ∇ヴゼ ∠ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ミゲ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや び ∀ギΒ͡イョｚ ∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ (She said: "Woe unt o me! Shall I bear a child while I am an old woman, and here is my husband an old man Verily, t his is a st range t hing!'' They said, "Do you wonder at t he decree of Allah The mercy of Allah and His blessings be on you, O family of t he house. Surely, He (Allah) is AllPraisewort hy, All-Glorious.'')(11:72-73) Allah said here;

び∃ユΒ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ∃ ⇒∠ヤピ⊥ よ͡ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ｚ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey gave him glad t idings of a son having knowledge.) This news was as good t o Ibrahim as it was t o his wife, for t his son would be t heirs, and t herefore, t hey bot h were get t ing some good news. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∃りゲｚ タ ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ろ ͡ ヤ∠ら∠ ∇ホほ∠プ∠ ぴ

(Then his wife came forward wit h a loud voice), She screamed loudly, according t o Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Abu Salih, Ad-Dahhak, Zayd bin Aslam, At h-Thawri and As-Suddi. She said when she shout ed,

びゅ∠わヤ∠∇Αヲ∠ Αぴ (Ah! Woe t o me!)(25:28), t hen,

びゅ∠ヰヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ∇ろムｚ ダ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (she smot e her face,) meaning, she st ruck herself upon her forehead, according t o Muj ahid and Ibn Sabit . Ibn ` Abbas said t hat she smacked her face j ust as women do when confront ed wit h an amazing t hing,

び∀ユΒ͡ボハ ∠ ∀コヲ⊥イ∠ハ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (and said: "A barren old woman!'') meaning, "How can I give birt h while I am an old woman And even when I was young I was barren and could not have children,''

び ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ マ ͡ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ͡ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "Even so says your Lord. Verily, He is t he All-Wise, t he All-Knower''), ` He is t he AllKnower of t he honor t hat you are wort hy of and He is t he most Wise in His st at ement s and decisions.'

べｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら⊥ ∇トカ ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠イェ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲレ⊥ ャ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョぁ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カほ∠プ∠ リ ∠ Β͡プゲ͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ る⇔ ョ∠ ヲｚ ジ ∠ ョぁ リ ∃ Β͡デ リあョ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ろ ∃ ∇Βよ∠ び ユ∠ Β͡ャΙ ｘ や ∠ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガΑ∠ (31. (Ibrahim) said: "Then for what purpose you have come, O messengers'') (32. They said: "We have been sent t o a people who are criminals.'') (33. "To send down upon t hem st ones of clay.'') (34. "Marked by your Lord for t ransgressors.'') (35. So We brought out from t herein t he believers.) (36. But We found not t here any household of t he Muslims except one.) (37. And We have left t here a sign for t hose who fear t he painful t orment .)

The Angels were sent to destroy the People of the Prophet Lut Allah t he Exalt ed said about Ibrahim, peace be upon him,

ン∠ゲ∇ゼら⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ネ ⊥ ∇ヱｚゲャや ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ∇リハ ∠ ょ ∠ ワ∠ ク∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ ∀ロやｚヱ∠ぺ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠エ∠ャ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ヅ ∃ ヲ⊥ャ ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レャ⊥ギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇リハ ∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハぺ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よみ͡Α - ∀ょΒ͡レョぁ び キ∃ ヱ⊥キ∇ゲョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎへ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ (Then when t he fear had gone away from (Ibrahim), and t he glad t idings had reached him, he began t o plead wit h Us for t he people of Lut . Verily, Ibrahim was, wit hout doubt forbearing, used t o invoke Allah wit h humilit y, and was repent ant . "O Ibrahim! Forsake t his. Indeed, t he commandment of your Lord has gone fort h. Verily, t here will come a t orment for t hem which cannot be t urned back.'')(11:74-76) Allah said here,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら⊥ ∇トカ ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ((Ibrahim) said: "Then for what purpose you have come, O messengers'') meaning, ` what is t he mission t hat you were sent wit h,'

びリ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イョぁ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ べｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "We have been sent t o a people who are criminals.'') in reference t o t he people of Lut ,

び⇔るョ∠ ヲｚ ジ ∠ ョぁ リ ∃ Β͡デ リあョ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠イェ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲレ⊥ ャ͡ぴ (To send down upon t hem st ones of baked clay, marked), or writ t en,

び∠リΒ͡プゲ͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハぴ (by your Lord for t ransgressors.) recorded wit h Allah t o t heir names; each st one has t he name of it s companion. Allah said in Surat Al-` Ankabut ,

ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔デヲ⊥ャ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒∠ピ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レｚ Β∠ イ あ レ∠ レ⊥ ャ∠ ((Ibrahim) said: "But t here is Lut in it .'' They said: "We know bet t er who is t here. We will verily save him and his family except his wife: she will be of t hose who remain behind.'')(29:32), and said here,

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So We brought out from t herein t he believers.) t hey are: Lut and his family, except his wife,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ろ ∃ ∇Βよ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (But We found not t here any household of t he Muslims except one.) Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び ユ∠ Β͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ミ∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ (And We have left t here a sign for t hose who fear t he painful t orment .) meaning, ` We left a proof of t he punishment , t orment and st ones made of Sij j il (baked clay) t hat We sent on t hem; We made t heir dwelling place a put rid, evil, dead sea. This should provide a lesson for t he believers,'

び∠ユΒ͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあぴ (for t hose who fear t he painful t orment .)

リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤジ ⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇クま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ - ∀ラヲ⊥レ∇イョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀ゲ͡エ⇒∠シ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ヮ͡ レ͡ ∇ミゲ⊥ よ͡ ヴｚャヲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ - リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ - ∀ユΒヤ͡ョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ユあ Β∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グら∠ レ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ キ∠ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グカ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ケ⊥ グ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ - ユ∠ Β͡ボバ∠ ∇ャや ウ ∠ Αあゲャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇クま͡ キ∃ ゅ∠ハ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ヴ͡プヱ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡ョゲｚ ャゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ∇わヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろゎ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ∇リハ ∠ ∇や∇ヲわ∠ バ∠ プ∠ - リ ∃ Β͡ェ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ ∇クま͡ キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠

ゅ∠ヨ∠プ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る⊥ ボ∠ ハ ͡ ゅｚダャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲダ ͡ わ∠ レ⊥ョ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ュ∃ ゅ∠Βホ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥バ⇒∠トわ∠ ∇シや びリ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠プ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル (38. And in Musa, when We sent him t o Fir` awn wit h a manifest aut horit y.) (39. But (he) t urned away along wit h his host s, and said: "A sorcerer or a madman.'') (40. So We t ook him and his armies, and dumped t hem int o t he sea (Yamm), for he was blamewort hy.) (41. And in ` Ad when We sent against t hem t he barren wind;) (42. It spared not hing t hat it reached, but blew it int o broken spreads of rot t en ruins.) (43. And in Thamud, when t hey were t old: "Enj oy yourselves for a while!'') (44. But t hey insolent ly defied t he command of t heir Lord, so t he Sa` iqah overt ook t hem while t hey were looking.) (45. Then t hey were unable t o rise up, nor could t hey help t hemselves.) (46. (So were) t he people of Nuh before t hem. Verily, t hey were a people who were rebellious.)

Lessons from the Destruction of Fir` awn, ` Ad, Thamud, and the People of Nuh Allah t he Exalt ed said,

リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤジ ⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇クま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ (And in Musa, when We sent him t o Fir` awn wit h a manifest aut horit y.) meaning, wit h clear proof and plain evidence,

び͡ヮレ͡ ∇ミゲ⊥ よ͡ ヴｚャ∠ヲ∠わ∠プぴ (But he t urned away along wit h his host s,) meaning, in rebellion and arrogance, Fir` awn t urned away from t he plain t rut h t hat Musa was sent wit h,

び͡ヮヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ モ ｚツ ͡ Β⊥ ャ͡ ヮ͡ ヘ͡ ∇トハ ͡ ヴ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠をぴ (Bending his neck in pride, and leading (ot hers) t oo (far) ast ray from t he pat h of Allah.)(22:9 ), meaning t urning away from t rut h in arrogance,

び∀ラヲ⊥レ∇イョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀ゲ͡エ⇒∠シ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ

(and said: "A sorcerer, or a madman.'') meaning Fir` awn said t o Musa, "Wit h regards t o t he message t hat you brought me, you are eit her a magician or a madman.'' Allah t he Exalt ed replied,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グら∠ レ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ キ∠ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グカ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So We t ook him and his armies, and dumped t hem), meaning ` We t hrew t hem,'

びあユΒ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プぴ (int o t he Yamm), int o t he sea,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (for he was blamewort hy.) meaning, Fir` awn was a denying sinner and a st ubborn disbeliever wort hy of blame. Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

び ユ∠ Β͡ボバ∠ ∇ャや ウ ∠ Αあゲャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇クま͡ キ∃ ゅ∠ハ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ (And in ` Ad when We sent against t hem t he barren wind) t hat dest roys everyt hing and produces not hing. This was said by Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah and ot hers. Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろゎ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ケ⊥ グ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (It spared not hing t hat it reached,) meaning, everyt hing t hat t he wind could dest roy,

び͡ユΒ͡ョゲｚ ャゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ∇わヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (but blew it int o broken spreads of rot t en ruins.) meaning, made it j ust like a rot t en and dest royed. Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib and ot hers comment ed on:

び∠ユΒ͡ボバ∠ ∇ャや ウ ∠ Αあゲャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ (when We sent against t hem t he barren wind),"Sout herly winds.'' However, t here is a Hadit h in t he Sahih from Shu` bah bin Al-Hakam, from Muj ahid, from Ibn ` Abbas, who said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ケヲ⊥よギｚ ャゅ͡よ ∀キゅ∠ハ ∇ろム∠ ヤ͡∇ワぺ⊥ヱ∠ ゅ∠らダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ れ ⊥ ∇ゲダ ͡ ル⊥ » (I have been made vict orious wit h t he Saba (east erly wind), and t he people of ` Ad were dest royed wit h t he Dabur (west erly wind).) Allah saying,

びリ ∃ Β͡ェ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ ∇クま͡ キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ (And in Thamud, when t hey were t old: "Enj oy yourselves for a while!'') is j ust as He said in anot her Ayah,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠ヨバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲぁらエ ∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ヰ∠ プ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ラヲ⊥ヰ∇ャや ͡ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや る⊥ ボ∠ バ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや (And as for Thamud, We guided t hem t o t he pat h of t rut h, but t hey preferred blindness t o guidance; so t he Sa` iqah of disgracing t orment seized t hem.) (41:17) Allah said here,

∇や∇ヲわ∠ バ∠ プ∠ - リ ∃ Β͡ェ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ ∇クま͡ キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る⊥ ボ∠ ハ ͡ ゅｚダャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ び (And in Thamud, when t hey were t old: "Enj oy yourselves for a while!'' But t hey insolent ly defied t he command of t heir Lord, so t he Sa` iqah overt ook t hem while t hey were looking.) Thamud were given a respit e for t hree days, during which t hey await t he t orment . In t he early morning of t he fourt h day, t he t orment overt ook t hem,

び∃ュゅ∠Βホ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥バ⇒∠ト∠わ∇シや ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (Then t hey were unable t o rise up,) t hey were unable t o escape and run away from it ,

び∠リΑ͡ゲダ ͡ わ∠ レ⊥ョ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (nor could t hey help t hemselves.) nor could t hey save t hemselves from t he t orment t hat befell t hem. Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

び⊥モ∇らホ∠ リあョ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ュ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ((So were) t he people of Nuh before t hem.) meaning, ` We dest royed t he people of Nuh before t hese people (Fir` awn, ` Ad and Thamud).'

び∠リΒ͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠プ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ

(Verily, t hey were a people who were revellious.) We ment ioned t hese st ories in det ails before in t he Tafsir of several ot her Surahs.

チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バシ ͡ ヲ⊥ヨャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ギ∃ ∇Αほ∠よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βレ∠ よ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ ゅ∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇バレ͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇セゲ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヴあルま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱぁゲヘ͡ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βィ ∠ ∇ヱコ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠￢ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ (47. Wit h Hands We const ruct ed t he heaven. Verily, We are able t o expand t he vast ness of space t hereof.) (48. And We have made t he eart h a Firash; how excellent spreader (t hereof) are We!) (49. And of everyt hing We have creat ed pairs, t hat you may remember.) (50. So, flee t o Allah. Verily, I am a plain warner t o you from Him.) (51. And set not up any ot her god along wit h Allah. Verily, I am a plain warner t o you from Him.)

Proofs of Allah's Oneness abound in the Creation of the Heavens and the Earth Allah reminds us of t he creat ing of t he higher and lower worlds,

びゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇Β∠レ∠よ ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (We const ruct ed t he heaven.) meaning, ` We made it as a high roof, prot ect ed from falling,'

び∃ギ∇Αほ∠よ͡ ぴ (wit h Hands), meaning, wit h st rengt h, according t o ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Qat adah, At h-Thawri and several ot hers,

び∠ラヲ⊥バシ ͡ ヲ⊥ヨャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (Verily, We are able t o ext end t he vast ness of space t hereof.) means, ` We made it vast and We brought it s roof higher wit hout pillars t o support it , and t hus it is hanging independent ly.'

びゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇セゲ∠ プ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱぴ

(And We have made t he eart h a Firash), meaning, ` We have made it a rest ing place for t he creat ed,'

び∠ラヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇バレ͡ プ∠ ぴ (how excellent a spreader (t hereof) are We!), meaning, ` We spread it for it s inhabit ant s,'

び͡リ∇Βィ ∠ ∇ヱコ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (And of everyt hing We have creat ed pairs,) meaning, all t he creat ed are in pairs, t he heaven and eart h, night and day, sun and moon, land and sea, light and darkness, fait h and disbelief, deat h and life, misery and happiness, Paradise and Fire, in addit ion t o t he animals and plant s. The st at ement of Allah t he Exalt ed,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ (t hat you may remem- ber.) and know t hat t he Creat or, Allah, is One wit hout part ners,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱぁゲヘ͡ プ∠ ぴ (So, flee t o Allah.) meaning, seek shelt er wit h Him and t rust in Him in all of your affairs,

ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヲ∠ ∀レΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ び∠ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ (Verily, I am a plain warner t o you from Him. And set not up any ot her god along wit h Allah.) do not associat e any part ners wit h Him,

び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ヮ⊥ ∇レョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ (Verily, I am a plain warner t o you from Him.)

Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ べ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇や∇ヲタ ∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ ぺ∠ - ∀ラヲ⊥レ∇イョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀ゲ͡エ⇒∠シ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ゲミあ ク∠ ヱ∠ - ュ∃ ヲヤ⊥ヨ∠ よ͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨ∠プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ メ ｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピ⇒∠デ

リ ｚイ ͡ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠ゎ ン∠ゲ∇ミグあ ャや ベ ∃ ∇コケあ リあョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ギ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ べ∠ョ - ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ザ ∠ ル͡Ηや∠ヱ ヱ⊥ク ベ ⊥ やｚコゲｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ヨバ͡ ∇トΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ルク∠ モ ∠ ∇んョあ ゅ⇔よヲ⊥ルク∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Αグ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ - リ ⊥ Β͡わ∠ヨ∇ャや り͡ ヲｚ ボ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ モ ∀ ∇Αヲ∠ プ∠ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ら͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ͡ョ (52. Likewise, no Messenger came t o t hose before t hem but t hey said: "A sorcerer or a madman!'') (53. Have t hey t ransmit t ed t his saying t o t hese Nay, t hey are t hemselves a people t ransgressing beyond bounds!) (54. So t urn away from t hem, you are not blamewort hy.) (55. And remind, for verily, t he reminding profit s t he believers.) (56. And I creat ed not t he Jinn and mankind except t hat t hey should worship Me.) (57. I seek not any provision from t hem nor do I ask t hat t hey should feed Me.) (58. Verily, Allah is t he All-Provider, Owner of power, t he Most St rong.) (59. And verily, for t hose who do wrong, t here is a port ion of t orment like t o t he evil port ion of t orment (which came for) t heir likes (of old); so let t hem not ask Me t o hast en on!) (60. Then woe t o t hose who disbelieve from t heir Day which t hey have been promised.)

All Messengers met the Same Type of Denial from Their Nations Allah comfort s His Prophet by saying t o Him, ` j ust as t hese idolat ors denied you, t he disbelievers of old used t he same words wit h t heir Messengers,'

Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ べ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ び ∀ラヲ⊥レ∇イョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀ゲ͡エ⇒∠シ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ (Likewise, no Messenger came t o t hose before t hem but t hey said: "A sorcerer or a madman!'') Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

び͡ヮよ͡ ∇や∇ヲタ ∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Have t hey t ransmit t ed t his saying t o t hese), meaning, have t hose of t he past t aught t hese words t o t he people of t he present

び∠ラヲ⊥ピ⇒∠デ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ

(Nay, t hey are t hemselves a people t ransgressing beyond bounds!) They are t yrannical people whose heart s are t he same. Therefore, t he lat t er said t he same as t hose before t hem have said. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ メ ｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So t urn away from t hem,) meaning, ` O Muhammad, t urn away from t he Quraysh idolat ors,'

び∃ュヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ よ͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (you are not blamewort hy.) meaning, ` We blame you not if you t urn away from t hem,'

びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠ゎ ン∠ゲ∇ミグあ ャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ゲミあ ク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And remind, for verily, t he reminding profit s t he believers.) meaning, for only t he believing heart s benefit from being reminded.

Allah Only created Mankind and Jinns to worship Him Alone Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored said,

びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ザ ∠ ル͡Ηや∠ヱ リ ｚイ ͡ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And I creat ed not t he Jinn and mankind except t hat t hey should worship Me.) meaning, ` I, Allah, only creat ed t hem so t hat I order t hem t o worship Me, not t hat I need t hem.' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah,

び͡ラヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (...except t hat t hey should worship Me.) meaning, "So t hat t hey worship Me, willingly or unwillingly.'' Allah t he Exalt ed said,

-ラ ͡ ヲ⊥ヨバ͡ ∇トΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ ベ ∃ ∇コケあ リあョ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ギ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ べ∠ョぴ びリ ⊥ Β͡わヨ∠ ∇ャや り͡ ヲｚ ボ⊥ ∇ャや ヱ⊥ク ベ ⊥ やｚコゲｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ (I seek not any provision from t hem nor do I ask t hat t hey should feed Me. Verily, Allah is t he All-Provider, Owner of power, t he Most St rong.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "The Messenger of Allah t aught t he following: (ヶあルま ゅ∠ルぺ∠ ベ ⊥ やｚコゲｚ ャや ヱ⊥ク り͡ ヲｚ ボ⊥ ∇ャや リΒ͡わヨ∠ ∇ャや) ` Verily, I am t he Provider, Owner of power, t he Most St rong.' Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i also collect ed t his Hadit h. At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih. '' The meaning of t his Ayah (51:56) is t hat , Allah t he Exalt ed, t he Blessed creat ed t he creat ures so t hat t hey worship Him Alone

wit hout part ners. Those who obey Him will be rewarded wit h t he best rewards, while t hose who disobey Him will receive t he worst punishment from Him. Allah st at ed t hat He does not need creat ures, but rat her, t hey are in need of Him in all condit ions. He is alone t heir Creat or and Provider. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ほヤ∠∇ョぺ∠ ヶ͡ゎキ∠ ゅ∠らバ͡ ャ͡ ∇パゲｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ∠ ∇よやゅ∠Α :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ» れ ⊥ ∇ほヤ∠ョ∠ ∩∇モバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅｚャま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠ポゲ∠ ∇ボプ∠ ギｚ シ ⊥ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ⇔レビ ͡ ポ ∠ ケ∠ ∇ギタ ∠ «ポ∠ゲ∇ボプ∠ ｚギシ ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヤ∇ピセ ⊥ ポ ∠ ケ∠ ∇ギタ ∠ (Allah t he Exalt ed said, "O Son of Adam! Busy yourself in worshipping Me, and I will fill your chest wit h riches and dissipat e your meekness. Ot herwise, I will fill your chest wit h dist ract ing affairs and will not do away wit h your meekness.'') At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah collect ed t his Hadit h and At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib.'' The st at ement of Allah t he Exalt ed,

び⇔ゅよヲ⊥ルク∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (And verily, for t hose who do wrong, t here is a port ion), indicat es t hat t hey will receive t heir due share of t he t orment ,

び͡ラヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ら͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ルク∠ モ ∠ ∇んョあ ぴ (like t he evil port ion (which came for) t heir likes (of old); so let t hem not ask Me t o hast en on!) let t hem not ask t hat t he punishment is rushed t o t hem, for it will surely come,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ モ ∀ ∇Αヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then woe t o t hose who disbelieve from t heir Day which t hey have been promised.) meaning, t he Day of Resurrect ion. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Adh-Dhariyat ; all praise is due t o Allah and all t he favors come from Him Alone.

The Tafsir of Surat At-Tur (Chapter - 52) Which was revealed in Makkah Malik narrat ed t hat Jubayr bin Mut ` im said, "I heard t he Prophet recit ing Surat At -Tur while praying Maghrib. Surely, I have never heard a more beaut iful voice or recit at ion t han his recit at ion.'' This Hadit h is recorded in t he Two Sahihs using a chain of narrat ion t hat includes Malik. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Umm Salamah said, "I complained of being ill t o t he Messenger of Allah , and he said,

«る∠らミ͡ や∠ケ ろ ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ￢͡ や∠ケヱ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヶ͡プヲ⊥デ» (Perform Tawaf (of t he Ka` bah) behind t he crowd, while you are riding.) So, I performed Tawaf while t he Messenger of Allah was praying beside t he House, recit ing At -Tur.''

び͡ユΒ͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

-ケ∃ ヲ⊥ゼ∇レョｚ ベ ∂ ケ∠ ヴ͡プ -ケ∃ ヲ⊥ト∇ジョぁ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヱ∠ -ケ͡ ヲぁトャや∠ヱぴ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ -ネ ͡ ヲ⊥プ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ブ ͡ ∇ボジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ -ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヨ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚョ -∀ノ͡ホや∠ヲ∠ャ マ ∠ よ∂ ケ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ -ケ͡ ヲ⊥イ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ゅら∠ イ ͡ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Β͡ジゎ∠ ヱ∠ -や⇔ケ∇ヲョ∠ ￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ -ノ∃ プ͡ や∠キ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや -リ ∠ Β͡よグ∂ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ∂ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ モ ∀ ∇Αヲ∠ プ∠ -や⇔ゲ∇Βシ ∠ -ゅ６ハキ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ル ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲぁハギ∠ Α⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らバ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ チ ∃ ∇ヲカ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゲ∀ ∇エジ ͡ プ∠ ぺ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ∂ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ヴ͡わャｚや ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ Ι ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヱゲ⊥ ら͡ ∇タゅ∠プ ゅ∠ワ∇ヲ∠ヤ∇タや -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ￢へ∠ヲシ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲ͡ら∇ダ∠ゎ び-∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ (1. By t he Tur) (2. And t he Book inscribed) (3. In parchment unrolled.) (4. And by Al-Bayt AlMa` mur.) (5. And t he roof raised high.) (6. And by t he sea t hat is Masj ur.) (7. Verily, t he t orment of your Lord will surely come t o pass.) (8. There is none t hat can avert it .) (9. On t he Day when Tamur t he heaven Mawr,) (10. And Tasir t he mount ains Sayr.) (11. Then woe t hat Day t o t hose who denied.) (12. Those who were, in t heir falsehood, playing.) (13. The Day when t hey will be pushed down by force t o t he fire of Hell, wit h a horrible, forceful pushing.) (14. This is t he Fire which you used t o deny.) (15. Is t his magic or do you not see) (16. Ent er t herein and whet her you are pat ient of it or impat ient of it , it is all t he same. You are only being requit ed for what you used t o do.)

Allah swears that the Coming of Torment is Near Allah swears by His creat ion, a t est imony t o His great abilit y, t hat His t orment will surely befall His enemies; t hey will have no way of escaping it . At -Tur is t he mount t hat has t rees, similar t o t he mount where Allah spoke t o Musa, while Musa was on it , and t he mount on which Allah st art ed t he prophet hood of ` Isa. A mount t hat does not have t rees is called Jabal, not Tur. Allah said,

び ケ∃ ヲ⊥ト∇ジョぁ ∃ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ∠ヱぴ (And by t he Book inscribed), it is said t hat it means Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz, (t he Preserved Table). It is also said t hat is refers t o t he divinely revealed inscribed Books t hat people recit e, and t his is why Allah said,

び ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヨ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ - ケ∃ ヲ⊥ゼ∇レョｚ ベ ｙ ケ∠ ヴ͡プぴ (In parchment unrolled. And by Al-Bayt Al-Ma` mur.) In t he Two Sahihs it is confirmed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said in t he Hadit h about Al-Isra', aft er ascending t o t he sevent h heaven:

ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡ケヲ⊥ヨ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヶ͡よ ノ∠ プ͡ ケ⊥ ｚユを⊥ » ゅ∠ョ ゲ∠ カ ͡ へ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キヲ⊥バΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩ゅ⇔ヘ∇ャぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ∇らシ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚモミ⊥ «ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (Then, I was t aken t o Al-Bayt Al-Ma` mur. It is visit ed every day by sevent y t housand angels who will not come back t o visit it again.) The angels worship Allah in Al-Bayt Al-Ma` mur and perform Tawaf around it j ust as t he people of t he eart h perform Tawaf around t he Ka` bah. AlBayt Al-Ma` mur is t he Ka` bah of t hose who reside in t he sevent h heaven. During t he Isra' j ourney, t he Prophet saw Ibrahim Al-Khalil, who was reclining wit h his back on Al-Bayt AlMa` mur. It was Ibrahim who built t he Ka` bah on eart h, and surely, t he reward is compat ible wit h t he act ion. Al-Bayt Al-Ma` mur is parallel t o t he Ka` bah; every heaven has it s own house of worship, which is also t he direct ion of prayer for it s resident s. The house t hat is locat ed in t he lower heaven, is called Bayt Al-` Izzah. And Allah knows best . The st at ement of Allah t he Exalt ed,

びネ ͡ ヲプ⊥ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ブ ͡ ∇ボジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (And by t he roof raised high.) Sufyan At h-Thawri, Shu` bah, and Abu Al-Ahwas, all narrat ed from Simak, from Khalid bin ` Ar` arah, from ` Ali bin Abi Talib:

びネ ͡ ヲ⊥プ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ブ ͡ ∇ボジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (And by t he roof raised high) "Meaning t he heaven.'' Sufyan added, "Then ` Ali recit ed,

ゅ∠ヰわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ニヲ⊥ヘ∇エョｚ ゅ⇔ヘ∇ボシ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョ⊥ (And We have made t he heaven a roof, safe and well-guarded. Yet t hey t urn away from it s signs.)(21:32)'' Similar was said by Muj ahid, Qat adah, As-Suddi, Ibn Jurayj , Ibn Zayd and preferred by Ibn Jarir. The st at ement of Allah t he Exalt ed,

び ケ͡ ヲ⊥イ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And by t he sea t hat is Masj ur.) The maj orit y say it refers t o t he oceans of t he eart h. Masj ur, means, t he sea will be kindled wit h fire on t he Day of Resurrect ion j ust as Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び ∇れゲ∠ イ あシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠エら͡ ∇ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he seas become as blazing fire.)(81:6) i.e., it will be kindled wit h fire and become a raging fire t hat surrounds t he people in t he gat hering area, t his was report ed by Sa` id bin AlMusayyib from ` Ali bin Abi Talib. It was also report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, and it is t he view of Sa` id bin Jubayr, Muj ahid, ` Abdullah bin ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr and ot hers. Qat adah said, "Masj ur is t he ` filled sea.''' Ibn Jarir preferred t his explanat ion saying, "The sea is not lit wit h fire now, so it is filled.'' Allah's st at ement ;

び ∀ノ͡ホや∠ヲ∠ャ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he t orment of your Lord will surely come t o pass.) cont ains t he subj ect of t he vow, indicat ing t hat His t orment will surely st rike t he disbelievers, as Allah st at ed in anot her Ayah;

び ノ∃ プ͡ や∠キ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚョぴ (There is none t hat can avert it .) indicat ing t hat when Allah decides t o send t he t orment upon t hem, none can prevent it or st op it from st riking t hem. Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Ibn Abi Ad-Dunya recorded t hat Ja` far bin Zayd Al-` Abdi said, "One night , in Al-Madinah, ` Umar went out invest igat ing t he welfare of Muslims and passed by t he house of a man who was st anding in volunt ary prayer. ` Umar st ood quiet ly, list ening t o his recit at ion; t he man was recit ing,

び ケ͡ ヲぁトャや∠ヱぴ (By At -Tur), unt il he reached t he Ayah,

び ノ∃ プ͡ や∠キ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚョ - ∀ノ͡ホや∠ヲ∠ャ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ

(Verily, t he t orment of your Lord will surely come t o pass. There is none t hat can avert it .) ` Umar said, ` By t he Lord of t he Ka` bah, t his is a t rue vow.' ` Umar dismount ed his donkey and sat next t o a wall for a while. He t hen went back t o his house and fell ill for a mont h. During his illness, t he people would visit him, not knowing what caused his illness.'' May Allah be pleased wit h ` Umar.

Describing the Day of Torment, the Day of Resurrection Allah said;

び や⇔ケ∇ヲョ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day when Tamur t he heaven Mawr) Ibn ` Abbas and Qat adah said: "Shaking violent ly.'' Also from Ibn ` Abbas, "Split .'' Muj ahid said: "Spin violent ly.'' Ad-Dahhak comment ed on t he Ayah, saying, "The eart h will violent ly spin and move by t he command of Allah, and it s areas will violent ly move t owards each ot her.'' This was preferred by Ibn Jarir, because of t he meaning of t he word, Mawra, which denot es meanings of spinning and shaking. Allah said,

び や⇔ゲ∇Βシ ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Β͡ジ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ (And Tasir t he mount ains will Sayr.) will fade away and become scat t ered part icles of dust blown away by t he wind,

びリ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ モ ∀ ∇Αヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then woe t hat Day t o t hose who denied), woe t o t hem t hat Day as a result of Allah's t orment , punishment and afflict ion t hat He will direct at t hem,

び ∠ラヲ⊥ら∠バ∇ヤ∠Α チ ∃ ∇ヲカ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who were in t heir falsehood, playing.) meaning, t hey live in t his life in falsehood and make t he religion t he subj ect of t heir mockery and j est ,

び∠ラヲぁハギ∠ Α⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day when t hey will be pushed down by force) meaning, t hey will be violent ly driven and shoved,

びゅ６ハキ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ル ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (t o t he fire of Hell, wit h a horrible, forceful pushing.) Muj ahid, Ash-Sha` bi, Muhammad bin Ka` b, Ad-Dahhak, As-Suddi and At h-Thawri said t hat t his Ayah means, "They will be violent ly shoved int o t he Fire.'' Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ヴ͡わャｚや ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワぴ (This is t he Fire, which you used t o deny.) meaning, t he angels of punishment will say t hese words t o t hem, while admonishing and chast ising t hem,

びゅ∠ワ∇ヲヤ∠∇タや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ュぺ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゲ∀ ∇エジ ͡ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Is t his magic or do you not see Ent er t herein) meaning, ent er t he Fire, ` which will encircle you from every direct ion,'

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ダゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プぴ (and whet her you are pat ient of it or impat ient of it , it is all t he same.) ` whet her you endure it s t orment and afflict ions or not , you will never avert it or be saved from it ,'

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (You are only being requit ed for what you used t o do.) and surely, Allah is never unj ust wit h anyone. Most cert ainly, Allah recompenses each according t o t heir deeds.

∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ヨよ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヰム͡ ⇒∠プ - ユ∃ Β͡バル∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ホヱ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ゃム͡ わｚ ョ⊥ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∠ Β͡レワ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ぴ びリ ∃ Β͡ハ ケ∃ ヲ⊥エよ͡ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇ィヱｚ コ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ プ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ダョｚ ケ∃ ゲ⊥ シ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (17. Verily, t hose who have Taqwa will be in Gardens and Delight .) (18. Enj oying in t hat which t heir Lord has best owed on t hem, and (t he fact t hat ) t heir Lord saved t hem from t he t orment of t he blazing Fire.) (19. "Eat and drink wit h happiness because of what you used t o do.'') (20. They will recline on t hrones Masfufah. And We shall marry t hem t o Hur (fair females) wit h wide lovely eyes.)

Description of the Destination of the Happy Allah t he Exalt ed described t he dest inat ion of t he happy ones,

び ユ∃ Β͡バル∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ

(Verily, t hose who have Taqwa will be in Gardens and Delight .) in cont rast t o t he t orment and punishment of t he miserable;

び∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ヨよ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヰム͡ ⇒∠プぴ (Enj oying in t hat which t heir Lord has best owed on t hem,) meaning, enj oying t he various t ypes of delight t hat Allah has grant ed t hem t herein, such as various t ypes of foods, drinks, clot hes, dwelling places, mount s, and so fort h,

び͡ユΒ͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ホヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and (t he fact t hat ) t heir Lord saved t hem from t he t orment of t he blazing Fire.) He saved t hem from t he t orment of t he Fire, which is a bount y it self. Added t o t his blessing is t he fact t hat t hey were ent ered int o Paradise, which has delight s t hat no eye has ever seen, no ear has ever heard, nor has a heart ever imagined. The st at ement of Allah t he Exalt ed,

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∠ Β͡レワ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ぴ ("Eat and drink wit h happiness because of what you used t o do'') is similar t o anot her of His st at ement s,

る͡ Β∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ガ∇ャや ュ͡ ゅｚΑΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠∇シぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∠ Β͡レワ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ぴ び (Eat and drink at ease for t hat which you have sent on before you in days past !)(69:24) meaning t his is t he j ust reward for your deeds; surely, all t his is a favor from Allah and a reward from Him. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∃るプ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ダョｚ ケ∃ ゲ⊥ シ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ゃム͡ わｚ ョ⊥ ぴ (They will recline (wit h ease) on t hrones Masfufah.) At h-Thawri report ed from Husayn, from Muj ahid, from Ibn ` Abbas: "Thrones in howdahs.'' And t he meaning of, (Masfufah) is t hey will be facing each ot her,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤら͡ ⇒∠ボわ∠ ョぁ ケ∃ ゲ⊥ シ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (Facing one anot her on t hrones.)(37:44) Allah said next ,

び∃リΒ͡ハ ケ∃ ヲ⊥エよ͡ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇ィヱｚ コ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And We shall marry t hem t o Hur (fair females) wit h wide lovely eyes.) We made for t hem right eous spouses, beaut iful wives from Al-Hur Al-` Ayn. We ment ioned t he descript ion of AlHur Al-` Ayn in several ot her places in t his Tafsir, and t herefore, it is not necessary t o repeat t heir descript ion here.

ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠エ∇ャ∠ぺ リ ∃ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡みよ͡ ユ⊥ヰわ⊥ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わバ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやヱ∠ ぴ ぁモミ⊥ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ユ͡ヰヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇わャ∠ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ｚΑあケク⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ る∃ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠ヘよ͡ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠ル∇キギ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ - ∀リΒ∠ワ∠ケ ょ ∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや ∀ヲ∇ピ∠ャ Ι ｚ ゅ⇔シ∇ほミ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゴ∠ ⇒∠レわ∠ Α∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ユ∃ ∇エャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ラ ∀ ゅ∠ヨ∇ヤビ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ヲ⊥トΑ∠ ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡を∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ラヲ⊥レ∇ムョｚ ∀ぽャ⊥∇ぽャ⊥ リ ｚ ヨ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ゅ∠レヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジわ∠ Α∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま ュ͡ ヲ⊥ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ゅ∠レ⇒∠ホヱ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや び ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ゲぁ ら∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギル∠ (21. And t hose who believe and whose offspring follow t hem in fait h, -- t o t hem shall We j oin t heir offspring, and We shall not decrease t he reward of t heir deeds in anyt hing. Every person is a pledge for t hat which he has earned.) (22. And We shall provide t hem wit h fruit and meat such as t hey desire.) (23. There t hey shall pass from hand t o hand a cup, free from any idle t alk, and free from sin.) (24. And t here will go round boy-servant s of t heirs, t o serve t hem as if t hey were preserved pearls.) (25. And some of t hem draw near t o ot hers, quest ioning.) (26. Saying: "Aforet ime, we were afraid in t he midst of our families.'') (27. "So Allah has been gracious t o us, and has saved us from t he t orment of t he Fire.'') (28. "Verily, We used t o invoke Him before. Verily, He is t he Most Subt le, t he Most Merciful.'')

The Offspring of Righteous Believers will be elevated to Their Grades in Paradise In t his Ayah, Allah t he Exalt ed affirms His favor, generosit y, graciousness, compassion and beneficence t owards His creat ion. When t he offspring of t he right eous believers imit at e t heir parent s regarding fait h, Allah will elevat e t he lat t er t o t he ranks of t he former, even t hough t he lat t er did not perform deeds as goodly as t heir parent s. Allah will comfort t he eyes of t he parent s by seeing t heir offspring elevat ed t o t heir grades. Surely, Allah will gat her t hem t oget her in t he best manner, and He will not decrease t he reward or t he grades of t hose higher in rank for j oining t hem t oget her, hence His st at ement ,

リあョ ユ͡ヰヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇わャ∠ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ｚΑあケク⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ボエ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ぴ び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ (t o t hem shall We j oin t heir offspring, and We shall not decrease t he reward of t heir deeds in anyt hing.) At h-Thawri report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Verily, Allah elevat es t he ranks of t he believers' offspring t o rank of t heir parent s, even t hough t he lat t er have not performed as well as t he former, so t hat t he eyes of t he parent s are comfort ed.'' Ibn ` Abbas t hen recit ed t his Ayah,

ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠エ∇ャ∠ぺ リ ∃ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡みよ͡ ユ⊥ヰわ⊥ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わバ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ユ͡ヰヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇わャ∠ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ｚΑあケク⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ (And t hose who believe and whose offspring follow t hem in fait h, -- t o t hem shall We j oin t heir offspring, and We shall not decrease t he reward of t heir deeds in anyt hing.) Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t his st at ement from Sufyan At h-Thawri from Ibn ` Abbas. Ibn Abi Hat im also recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠エ∇ャ∠ぺ リ ∃ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡みよ͡ ユ⊥ヰわ⊥ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わバ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ (And t hose who believe and whose offspring follow t hem in fait h, -- t o t hem shall We j oin t heir offspring.) saying, "They are t he offspring of t he believers who died on t he fait h. If t he ranks of t heir parent s are higher t han t heir ranks, t hey will be j oined wit h t heir parent s. No part of t he reward t heir parent s received for t heir good deeds will be reduced for t hem.'' ` Abdullah, son of Imam Ahmad, recorded t hat ` Ali said, "Khadij ah asked t he Prophet about t wo of her children who died during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, and t he Messenger of Allah said;

«ケゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ » (They are bot h in t he Fire.) When he saw sadness on her face, he said,

«ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ わ͡ ∇ツピ∠ ∇よほ∠ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∠ルゅ∠ム∠ョ ろ ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇ヲャ∠» (If you saw t heir dwelling place, you would hat e t hem.) She said, ` O Allah's Messenger! What about my children wit h you.' He said,

«るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ» (They are in Paradise.) The Messenger of Allah said,

ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» «ケゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Verily, t he believers and t heir offspring will dwell in Paradise, while t he idolat ors and t heir offspring will dwell in t he Hellfire.) The Prophet t hen recit ed t he Ayah,

び∃リ⇒∠ヨΑ͡みよ͡ ユ⊥ヰわ⊥ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わバ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who believe and whose offspring follow t hem in fait h...)'' Cert ainly, it is Allah's grace and favor t hat He grant s t he children t his blessing because of t he good deeds of t heir parent s. He also grant s His favor t o parent s on account of t heir offspring invoking Allah for t hem. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ウ ͡ ャ͡ゅｚダャや ギ͡ ∇らバ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ る∠ ィ ∠ ケ∠ ギｚ ャや ノ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲΒ∠ ャ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» ケ͡ ゅ∠ヘ∇ピわ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨͡ログ͡ ワ ヶ͡ャ ヴ∇ルぺ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ «マ∠ャ ポ ∠ ギ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ (Verily, Allah shall elevat e t he grade of a right eous servant in Paradise, who will ask, "O Lord! How did I earn t his'' Allah will reply, "Through your son's invoking Me t o forgive you.'') This Hadit h has an aut hent ic chain of narrat ion, but it was not recorded in t he Sahih t his way. However, t here is a wit nessing narrat ion for it in Sahih Muslim, from t he Hadit h of Abu Hurayrah, who said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

:ゐ ∃ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ノ∠ ト ∠ ボ∠ ∇ルや ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ⊥ ∇よや れ ∠ ゅ∠ョ や∠クま͡» ウ ∃ ャ͡ゅ∠タ ギ∃ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ わ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∃るΑ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ィ る∃ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ «ヮ∠ャ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α (When t he Son of Adam dies, his record of deeds will cease except in t hree cases: an ongoing charit y, knowledge t hat people are benefit ing from and a right eous son who invokes Allah for him.)

Allah is Just with the Sinners Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∀リΒ∠ワケ∠ ょ ∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや ぁモミ⊥ ぴ (Every person is a pledge for t hat which he has earned.) Aft er Allah ment ioned His favor of elevat ing t he offspring t o t he ranks of t heir parent s, even t hough t he deeds of t he former did not qualify t hem, He affirmed His fairness in t hat , He does not punish anyone for t he mist akes of ot hers,

び∀リΒ∠ワケ∠ ょ ∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや ぁモミ⊥ ぴ (Every person is a pledge for t hat which he has earned.) Therefore, every person will be responsible for his act ions. No sin commit t ed by ot hers shall ever be added t o one's load, even if commit t ed by his or her parent s or offspring. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ∀るレ∠ Β͡ワケ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジわ∠ Α∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヴ͡プ - ͡リΒ͡ヨ∠Β∇ャや (Every person is a pledge for what he has earned, except t hose on t he Right . In Gardens, t hey will ask one anot her about t he criminals.)(74:38-41)

Description of the Khamr of Paradise and the Delight of its Dwellers Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ユ∃ ∇エャ∠ヱ∠ る∃ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠ヘよ͡ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠ル∇キギ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And We shall provide t hem wit h fruit and meat such as t hey desire.) meaning, ` We shall provide t hem wit h various t ypes and kinds of fruit s and meat , what ever t hey wish for and desire,'

び⇔ゅシ∇ほミ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゴ∠ ⇒∠レわ∠ Α∠ ぴ (There t hey shall pass from hand t o hand a cup,) meaning, of wine, according t o Ad-Dahhak,

び∀ユΒ͡を∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∀ヲ∇ピ∠ャ Ι ｚぴ (free from any Laghw, and free from Ta't him) meaning, when t hey drink, t hey do not say any idle, vain words or ut t er dirt y, sinful speech like t he drunken people in t his life do. Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Laghw means ` falsehood' while Ta't him means ` lying'. Muj ahid said, "They do not curse each ot her nor sin.'' Qat adah said, "These were t he consequences of drinking in t his life, and Shayt an helped in t his regard. Allah purified t he wine of t he Hereaft er from t he ills and harm caused by t he wine of t his life.'' Therefore, Allah has purified t he wine of t he Hereaft er

from causing headaches, st omachaches and int oxicat ion like t he wine of t his life. Allah st at ed t hat wine of t he Hereaft er shall not cause t hose who drink it t o ut t er false, vain words t hat carry no benefit , full of foolishness and evil. Allah also described t he wine of t he Hereaft er as beaut iful in appearance, t ast y and fruit ful,

∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀メ∇ヲ∠ビ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ Ι ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡よゲ͡ ⇒ｚゼヤあャ り∃ グｚ ャ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ツ∇Βよ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゴ∠ レ⊥Α ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ (Whit e, delicious t o t he drinkers. Neit her will t hey have Ghawl from t hat nor will t hey suffer int oxicat ion t herefrom.)(37:46-47) and,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゴ͡ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギｚ ダ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ｚぴ (Wherefrom t hey will get neit her nay aching of t he head nor any int oxicat ion.)(56:19) Allah t he Exalt ed said here,

び ∀ユΒ͡を∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∀ヲ∇ピ∠ャ Ι ｚ ゅ⇔シ∇ほミ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゴ∠ ⇒∠レわ∠ Α∠ ぴ (There t hey shall pass from hand t o hand a (wine) cup, free from any Laghw, and free from sin.) Allah said,

び ∀ラヲ⊥レ∇ムョｚ ∀ぽャ⊥∇ぽャ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ラ ∀ ゅ∠ヨ∇ヤビ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ヲ⊥トΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t here will go round boy-servant s of t heirs t o serve t hem as if t hey were preserved pearls.) This is a descript ion of t he servant s and aids, t he believers will have in Paradise. Their servant s will be beaut iful, graceful in appearance, clean and neat as well-preserved pearls,

ゆ ∃ や∠ヲ∇ミほ∠よ͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤｚガ ∠ ョぁ ラ ∀ ギ∠ ∇ャヱ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ヲ⊥トΑ∠ ぴ びリ ∃ Β͡バョｚ リあョ サ ∃ ∇ほミ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ Α͡ケゅ∠よぺ∠ヱ∠ (Immort al boys will go around t hem wit h cups, and j ugs, and a glass of flowing wine.)(56:17-18) Allah t he Exalt ed said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジわ∠ Α∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And some of t hem draw near t o ot hers, quest ioning.) meaning, t he believers will draw near t o each ot her t alking and remembering t heir act ions and condit ions in t his life, j ust as people in t his life t alk while drinking, especially when t hey become int oxicat ed,

びリ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ゅ∠レヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (Saying: "Aforet ime, we were afraid in t he midst of our families.'') meaning, ` in t he life of world and in t he midst of our families, we were afraid of our Lord and fearful of His t orment and punishment ,'

び ュ͡ ヲ⊥ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ゅ∠レ⇒∠ホヱ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So Allah has been gracious t o us, and has saved us from t he t orment of t he Fire.) meaning, ` He has grant ed us a favor and saved us from what we feared,'

び⊥ロヲ⊥ハ∇ギル∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We used t o invoke Him before.) meaning, ` we used t o invoke Him wit h submission and humilit y, and He accept ed our invocat ion and gave us what we wished,'

び⊥ユΒ͡ェゲｚ ャや ゲぁ ら∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, He is t he Most Subt le, t he Most Merciful.)

-ラ ∃ ヲ⊥レ∇イョ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∃ ヰ͡ ⇒∠ムよ͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ゲミあ グ∠ プ∠ ぴ ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥レヨ∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゾ ⊥ よｚ ゲ∠ わ∠ ルｚ ∀ゲ͡ハゅ∠セ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ダよあ ゲ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヴあルみ͡プ∠ ∇やヲダ ⊥ よｚ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ビゅ∠デ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ュぺ∠ へ∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゑ ∃ Α͡ギエ ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほ∠Β∇ヤ∠プ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ モ∠よ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョあ (29. Therefore, remind. By t he grace of Allah, you are neit her a Kahin nor a madman.) (30. Or do t hey say: "A poet ! We await for him some calamit y by t ime!'') (31. Say: "Wait ! I am wit h you among t hose who wait !'') (32. Or do t heir minds command t hem t his or are t hey people t ransgressing all bounds) (33. Or do t hey say: "He has forged it '' Nay! They believe not !) (34. Let t hem t hen produce a recit at ion like unt o it if t hey are t rut hful.)

Absolving the Prophet of the False Accusations the Idolators made against Him Allah t he Exalt ed commands His Messenger t o convey His Message t o His servant s and remind t hem of His revelat ion t hat has been sent down t o him. Next , Allah refut es t he false accusat ions t hat t he liars and sinners accused t he Prophet of,

びラ ∃ ヲ⊥レ∇イョ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∃ ヰ͡ ⇒∠ムよ͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ゲミあ グ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Therefore, remind. By t he grace of Allah, you are neit her a Kahin nor a madman.) Allah says, ` by t he grace of Allah, you, O Muhammad, are not a Kahin, as t he ignorant Quraysh idolat ors claim.' A Kahin is t he soot hsayer who receives informat ion from t he Jinns t hat t he Jinns are able t o eavesdrop on news from heaven,

び∃ラヲ⊥レ∇イョ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor a madman) whom Shayt an has possessed wit h insanit y. Allah t he Exalt ed said, while chast ising t he pagans for ut t ering false st at ement s about t he Prophet ,

び ͡ラヲ⊥レ∠ヨ∇ャや ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゾ ⊥ よｚ ゲ∠ わ∠ ルｚ ∀ゲ͡ハゅ∠セ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or do t hey say: "A poet ! We await for him some calamit y by t ime!'') They said, ` We await a disast er t o st rike him, for example, deat h. We will be pat ient wit h him unt il deat h comes t o him and we, t hus, get rid of his bot her and from his Message.' Allah t he Exalt ed said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ダよあ ゲ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヴあルみ͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ダよｚ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Wait ! I am wit h you among t hose who wait !'') ` wait and I t oo will wait wit h you, and you will come t o know t o whom t he good end and t riumph shall be grant ed in t his life and t he Hereaft er.' Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed t hat ` Abdullah bin Abi Naj ih said t hat Muj ahid said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "When t he Quraysh gat hered in t he Dar An-Nadwah (t heir meet ing place) t o discuss t he mat t er of t he Prophet , one of t hem said, ` Jail him in chains. Then we will wait and in t ime, a calamit y will st rike him; he will die j ust as t he poet s before him died, such as Zuhayr and An-Nabighah, for he is a poet j ust like t hem.' Allah t he Exalt ed said in response t o t heir st at ement ,

び ͡ラヲ⊥レ∠ヨ∇ャや ょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゾ ⊥ よｚ ゲ∠ わ∠ ルｚ ∀ゲ͡ハゅ∠セ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or do t hey say: "A poet ! We await for him some calamit y by t ime!'')'' Allah t he Exalt ed said,

びへ∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or do t heir minds command t hem t his), ` do t heir minds command t hem t o t ell t hese lies against you (O Muhammad), even t hough t hey know in t heir heart s t hat t hey are unt rue and false,'

び∠ラヲ⊥ビゅ∠デ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (or are t hey people t ransgressing all bounds) ` surely, t hey are misguided, st ubborn and unj ust people, and t his is why t hey say what t hey say about you (O Muhammad). ' Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び⊥ヮャ∠ヲｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or do t hey say: "He has forged it '') They said, ` he has forged t his Qur'an and brought it from his own.' Allah t he Exalt ed responded t o t hem,

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ モ∠よぴ (Nay! They believe not !), meaning, t heir disbelief drives t hem t o ut t er t hese st at ement s,

びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョあ ゑ ∃ Α͡ギエ ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ぴ (Let t hem t hen produce a recit at ion like unt o it if t hey are t rut hful.) meaning, if t hey are t rut hful in t heir st at ement t hat Muhammad has forged t his Qur'an and brought it of his own, t hen let t hem produce somet hing similar t o what he has brought fort h, as in t his Qur'an! And even if t hey combine t heir st rengt h t o t hat of t he people of t he eart h, Jinns and mankind alike, t hey will never produce somet hing like t he Qur'an, or t en Surahs like it , or even one Surah!

∇ュぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヤ͡⇒∠ガ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇ュぺ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ͡カ ⊥ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ ∇ュぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α Ι ｚ モ∠よ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲト ͡ ∇Βジ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇ュぺ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ リ ⊥ も͡ へ∠ゴカ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤジ ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰバ⊥ ヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ れ ͡ ∇ほΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∠ラヲ⊥バ͡ヨ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ∀ユヤｚシ ⊥ ユ⊥ヰプ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠∇ジゎ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レら∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ょ ⊥ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ュぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ∠ ∇んョぁ ュ∃ ゲ∠ ∇ピョｚ リあョ -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΒ͡ムヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠プ や⇔ギ∇Βミ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ∇ュぺ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠

(35. Or were t hey creat ed by not hing Or were t hey t hemselves t he creat ors) (36. Or did t hey creat e t he heavens and t he eart h Nay, but t hey have no firm belief.) (37. Or are wit h t hem t he t reasures of your Lord Or are t hey t he t yrant s wit h t he aut horit y t o do as t hey like) (38. Or have t hey a st airway (t o heaven), by means of which t hey list en Then let t heir list ener produce some manifest proof.) (39. Or has He only daught ers and you have sons) (40. Or is it t hat you ask a wage from t hem so t hat t hey are burdened wit h a load of debt ) (41. Or t hat t he Unseen is wit h t hem, and t hey writ e it down) (42. Or do t hey int end a plot But t hose who disbelieve are t hemselves plot t ed against !) (43. Or have t hey a god ot her t han Allah Glorified be Allah from all t hat t hey ascribe as part ners.)

Affirming Tawhid and annulling the Plots of the Idolators This is the position where Tawhid of Allah's Lordship and Divinity are affirmed. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヤ͡⇒∠ガ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇ュぺ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ͡カ ⊥ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or were t hey creat ed by not hing Or were t hey t hemselves t he creat ors) Allah asks t hem, were t hey creat ed wit hout a maker or did t hey creat e t hemselves Neit her is t rue. Allah is t he One Who creat ed t hem and brought t hem int o exist ence aft er t hey were not hing. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Jubayr bin Mut ` im said, "I heard t he Prophet recit e Surat At -Tur in Al-Maghrib prayer and when he reached t his Ayah,

∇ュぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヤ͡⇒∠ガ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇ュぺ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ͡カ ⊥ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ ∇ュぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α Ι ｚ モ∠よ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ やヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ∠カ ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲト ͡ ∇Βジ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇ュぺ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ リ ⊥ も͡ へ∠ゴカ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ (Or were t hey creat ed by not hing Or were t hey t hemselves t he creat ors Or did t hey creat e t he heavens and t he eart h Nay, but t hey have no firm belief. Or are wit h t hem t he t reasures of your Lord Or are t hey t he t yrant s wit h t he aut horit y t o do as t hey like), I felt my heart would fly away.'' This Hadit h is collect ed in t he Two Sahihs using various chains of narrat ion. Jubayr bin Mut ` im went t o t he Messenger of Allah aft er t he bat t le of Badr t o ransom t he capt ured idolat ors. At t hat t ime, he was st ill an idolat or. Hearing t he Prophet recit e t his Ayah was one of t he reasons t hat he lat er embraced Islam. Allah t he Exalt ed said, o

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α Ι ｚ モ∠よ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or did t hey creat e t he heavens and t he eart h Nay, but t hey have no firm belief.) meaning, Allah is censuring t he idolat ors for t heir idolat ry, while asking t hem if t hey creat ed t he heavens and eart h. They knew t hat Allah Alone is t he Creat or wit hout part ners wit h Him. However, t hey fell int o idolat ry because t hey had no firm belief,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲト ͡ ∇Βジ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇ュぺ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ リ ⊥ も͡ へ∠ゴカ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or are wit h t hem t he t reasures of your Lord Or are t hey t he t yrant s wit h t he aut horit y t o do as t hey like) meanings, do t hey have t he aut horit y t o do what ever t hey will in His kingdom Do t hey hold t he keys t o His t reasures in t heir hands

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲト ͡ ∇Βジ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (or are t hey t he t yrant s wit h t he aut horit y t o do as t hey like) meanings, are t hey t he t yrant s who would hold t he creat ion t o account Never, Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored is t he Only King and Owner of t he exist ence and He does what He wills. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び͡ヮΒ͡プ ∠ラヲ⊥バ͡ヨ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ∀ユヤｚシ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or have t hey a st airway, by means of which t hey list en.) meaning, do t hey have a st airway t o heaven (t o t he place where t he angels are),

び∃リΒ͡らョぁ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤジ ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰバ⊥ ヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ れ ͡ ∇ほΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ぴ (Then let t heir list ener produce some manifest proof.) meaning, let t heir list ener produce evidence t o t he t rut h of t heir act ions and st at ement s. They will never be able t o do so and t herefore, t hey have not hing and have no evidence for t heir st ance. Allah admonishes t hem regarding t heir claim t hat He has daught ers and t hat t he angels are females! The pagans chose for t hemselves male offspring and preferred t hem inst ead of females, and when one of t hem would be brought t he good news of a daught er being born, his face would t urn dark on account of his suppressed anger! Yet , t hey made t he angels Allah's daught ers and worshipped t hem besides Allah,

び ∠ラヲ⊥レ∠ら∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レら∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or has He only daught ers and you have sons) Allah sends a st rong warning and st ern admonit ion t o t hem in t his Ayah and a sure promise. Allah said,

び⇔やゲ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠∇ジゎ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or is it t hat you ask a wage from t hem) meaning, ` as a remunerat ion for your preaching Allah's Message t o t hem Nay, you, do not ask t hem for a wage,'

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤボ∠ ∇んョぁ ュ∃ ゲ∠ ∇ピョｚ リあョ ユ⊥ヰ∠プぴ (so t hat t hey are burdened wit h a load of debt ), meaning, for in t his sit uat ion, one will complain of t he least bot hersome t hing and feel it difficult and burdensome for him,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ょ ⊥ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or t hat t he Unseen is wit h t hem, and t hey writ e it down) means, t hey do not have knowledge of t he Unseen, for none in t he heavens or eart h knows t he Unseen except Allah,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΒ͡ムヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠プ や⇔ギ∇Βミ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or do t hey int end a plot But t hose who disbelieve are t hemselves plot t ed against !) Allah t he Exalt ed is asking, ` Do t hese people who ut t er such st at ement s about t he Messenger and his religion seek t o deceive t he people and plot against t he Messenger and his Companions If t hey do, t hen let t hem know t hat t heir plot s will only harm t hem. Therefore, t hey are being plot t ed against rat her t han being t he plot t ers!'

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅｚヨ∠ハ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ び (Or have t hey a god ot her t han Allah Glorified be Allah from all t hat t hey ascribe as part ners (t o Him).) This Ayah cont ains harsh refut at ion direct ed at t he idolat ors for worshipping t he idols and calling upon rivals along wit h Allah. Allah next glorifies His Most Honorable Self from what t hey ascribe t o Him, t heir lies and idolat ry,

び∠ラヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅヨｚ ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ (Glorified be Allah from all t hat t hey ascribe as part ners (t o Him).)

∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ⇔ト͡ボ⇒∠シ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ヘ∇ジミ͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボ⇒∠ヤΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ プ∠ - ュ∀ ヲ⊥ミ∇ゲョｚ ∀ょ⇒∠エ∠シ ゅ⇔ ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴレ͡ ∇ピΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボバ∠ ∇ダΑ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ユ͡ ∇ムエ ⊥ ャ͡ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タや∠ヱ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ウらあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ルｚ み͡プ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ び ュ͡ ヲ⊥イレぁ ャや ゲ∠ ⇒∠よ∇キま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇エらあ ジ ∠ プ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠

(44. And if t hey were t o see a piece of t he heaven falling down, t hey would say: "Clouds gat hered in heaps!'') (45. So leave t hem alone t ill t hey meet t heir Day, in which t hey will sink int o a faint ing (wit h horror).) (46. The Day when t heir plot t ing shall not avail t hem at all, nor will t hey be helped.) (47. And verily, for t hose who do wrong, t here is anot her punishment before t his; but most of t hem know not .) (48. So wait pat ient ly for t he decision of your Lord, for verily, you are under Our Eyes; and glorify t he praises of your Lord when you get up.) (49. And in t he night t ime also glorify His praises and at t he set t ing of t he st ars.)

The Stubbornness of the Idolators; Their Punishment Allah t he Exalt ed reaffirms t he st ubbornness of t he idolat ors and t heir ignorance of what goes around t hem,

び⇔ゅト͡ボ⇒∠シ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ヘ∇ジミ͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if t hey were t o see a piece of t he heaven falling down,) meaning, on t hem as punishment , t hey would not believe it is coming t heir way, saying t hat , t hese are layers of clouds on t op of each ot her. Allah t he Exalt ed said in ot her Ayat ,

ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲぁヤヌ ∠ プ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔よゅ∠よ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇モよ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ ∇れゲ∠ ムあ シ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケヲ⊥エ∇ジョｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ (And even if We opened t o t hem a gat e from t he heaven and t hey were t o keep on ascending t heret o (all day long), t hey would surely say (in t he evening): "Our eyes have been dazzled. Nay, we are a people bewit ched.'')(15:14-15) Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So leave t hem alone), ` O Muhammad,'

び∠ラヲ⊥ボバ∠ ∇ダΑ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボ⇒∠ヤΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (t ill t hey meet t heir Day, in which t hey will sink int o a faint ing.) on t he Day of Resurrect ion,

び⇔ゅゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day when t heir plot t ing shall not avail t hem at all, ) meaning, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t heir deceit and plot s t hey planned in t his life shall not help t hem in t he least ,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor will t hey be helped.) Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∠マャ͡ク∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, for t hose who do wrong, t here is anot her punishment before t his;) meaning, t hat of being t he t orment in t his world. Allah t he Exalt ed said in anot her Ayah,

ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ヴ∠ル∇キΙ ｘ や ͡ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ボ∠ Αグ͡ レ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ゲ͡ ら∠ ∇ミΙ ｘや (And verily, We will make t hem t ast e of t he near t orment prior t o t he supreme t orment (in t he Hereaft er), in order t hat t hey may ret urn.)(32:21) Allah said;

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but most of t hem know not .) meaning, ` We will t orment t hem in t he life of t he world and t est t hem wit h various hardships, so t hat t hey might go back and repent . However, t hey do not underst and what is happening t o t hem or why, because when t he t orment is removed, t hey revert t o commit t ing t he worst of what t hey used t o do before.' A Hadit h st at es t hat ,

Ordering the Prophet to have Patience and to glorify Allah Allah t he Exalt ed said,

びゅ∠レレ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ルｚみ͡ プ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ͡ ∇ムエ ⊥ ャ͡ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タや∠ヱぴ (So wait pat ient ly for t he decision of your Lord, for verily, you are under Our Eyes;) meaning, ` be pat ient in t he face of t heir annoyance and do not be concerned about it , for you are under Our Eyes and Prot ect ion, and We will surely prot ect you from t he people,'

び⊥ュヲ⊥ボゎ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ウらあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and glorify t he praises of your Lord when you get up.) Ad-Dahhak said, "Meaning t o st and for t he Salah (and say): "Glorious are You and wit h Your praise, Hallowed be Your Name, Exalt ed be Your maj est y, and t here is no God (wort hy of worship) except You.'' In his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat ` Umar used t o recit e t his supplicat ion when he began Salah. Ahmad and t he Sunan compilers recorded t his Hadit h from Abu Sa` id and ot her Companions, who st at ed t hat t he Prophet used t o say t hat . Abu Al-Jawza' comment ed on t he Ayah;

び⊥ュヲ⊥ボゎ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ウらあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and glorify t he praises of your Lord when you get up.) "From your sleep, from your bed.'' And t his is t he view chosen by Ibn Jarir. Suport ing t his view is t he Hadit h t hat Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Ubadah bin As-Samit said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ャ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ャ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ケｚ ゅ∠バゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ » あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ マ ∠ Α͡ゲセ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ぶ ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ぶ ͡ やラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ∩∀ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ｚユを⊥ .ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ゅｚャま͡ り∠ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ メ ∠ ∇ヲェ ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ゲら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や∠ヱ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ょ ∠ Β͡イわ⊥ ∇シや ゅ∠ハキ∠ ｚユを⊥ :メゅホ ヱぺ ヶ͡ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ゆ あ ケ∠ «ヮ⊥ゎゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ∇ろヤ∠ら͡ ホ⊥ ∩ヴｚヤタ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ほ∠ッ ｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ュ∠ ゴ∠ ハ ∠ (Whoever get s up at night and says: ` La ilaha illallah, He is One wit hout part ners. For Him is t he kingdom and all praise is due t o Him. He has power over all t hings. Glory be t o Allah, and all praise is due t o Allah, and La illaha illallah and Allah is Great er. There is neit her might nor power except Allah.' And t hen says, ` O Lord! Forgive me.' Or invokes (Allah), he will be responded t o it , and if he int ends and performs ablut ion and prays, his prayer will be accept ed.) Al-Bukhari and t he Sunan compilers also recorded t his Hadit h. Ibn Abi Naj ih report ed t hat Muj ahid comment ed on t he Ayah,

び⊥ュヲ⊥ボゎ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ウらあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and glorify t he praises of your Lord when you get up.) saying, "From every gat hering you sit in.'' At h-Thawri said t hat Abu Ishaq narrat ed t hat Abu Al-Ahwas said t hat ,

び⊥ュヲ⊥ボゎ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ウらあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and glorify t he praises of your Lord when you get up.) "When a person want s t o st and from a gat hering, he says: ` Glory be t o You, O Allah, and wit h Your praise.''' Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat t he Prophet said,

モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩⊥ヮト ⊥ ピ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゲ∠ ん⊥ ム∠ プ∠ ザ ∃ ヤ͡∇イョ∠ ヶ͡プ ザ ∠ ヤ∠ィ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ∩∠ポギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや マ ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ :ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ヤ͡∇イョ∠ ∇リョ͡ ュ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠

∩∠マ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎぺ∠ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ∩∠ろ∇ルぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇セぺ∠ «マ͡ャク ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ヤ͡∇イョ∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ビ ∠ ゅｚャま͡ (Whoever sit s in a gat hering in which he speaks idle excessively, but says before he st ands up t o depart t hat gat hering, ` Glory be t o You O Allah , and wit h Your praise, I t est ify t hat t here is no God (wort hy of worship) except You, I seek Your forgiveness, and I repent t o You.' Then, Allah will forgive him what he has said in t hat gat hering.) This was recorded by At -Tirmidhi, and t his is his wording, and it was also recorded by An-Nasa'i in ぴ` Amalび Al-Yawm wal-Laylah. At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.'' It was also recorded by Al-Hakim in his Must adrak, and he said, "It s chain meet s t he crit eria of Muslim.'' Allah t he Exalt ed said;

び⊥ヮ∇エらあ ジ ∠ プ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And in t he night t ime also glorify His praises), meaning remember and worship Allah by recit ing t he Qur'an and praying at night . Allah t he Exalt ed said in anot her Ayah,

マ ∠ ん∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ マ ∠ ャｚ る⇔ ヤ∠プ͡ ゅ∠ル ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ギイ ｚ ヰ∠ わ∠ プ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔キヲ⊥ヨ∇エョｚ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ (And in some of t he night , offer Tahaj j ud in it as an addit ional (prayer) for you. It may be t hat your Lord will raise you t o Maqam Mahmud.)(17:79) Allah said;

び͡ュヲ⊥イレぁ ャや ゲ∠ ⇒∠よ∇キま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and at t he set t ing of t he st ars.) is in reference t o t he t wo volunt ary Rak` ahs before t he Dawn prayer, according t o a Hadit h from Ibn ` Abbas. These t wo Rak` ahs are an est ablished Sunnah performed before t he st ars are about t o set . It is confimred in t he Two Sahihs from ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, who said, "The Prophet was never more regular and part icular in offering any volunt ary prayer t han t he t wo (Sunnah) Rak` ahs of t he Faj r prayer.'' In anot her narrat ion collect ed by Muslim, ぴt he Prophet said,び

«ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ゲ͡ ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠わバ∠ ∇ミケ∠ » (Two (Sunnah) Rak` ahs before Faj r are bet t er t han t his life and all t hat in it .)This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat At -Tur, all praise and grat it ude is due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat An-Najm (Chapter - 53) Which was revealed in Makkah

Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Abdullah ぴbin Mas` udび said, "Surat An-Naj m was t he first Surah in which a prost rat ion was revealed. The Prophet (recit ed it in Makkah) and prost rat ed. Those who were wit h him did t he same, except an old man who t ook a handful of soil and prost rat ed on it . Lat er on, I saw him killed as a disbeliever; he was Umayyah bin Khalaf.'' Al-Bukhari recorded t his Hadit h in several places of his Sahih, as did Muslim, Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i, using various chains of narrat ion t hrough Abu Ishaq from ` Abdullah.

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ン∠ヲビ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら⊥ エ ͡ ⇒∠タ モ ｚッ ∠ ゅ∠ョ - ン∠ヲワ∠ や∠クま͡ ユ͡ ∇イレｚ ャや∠ヱぴ ∀ヴ∇ェ∠ヱ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ - ン∠ヲヰ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ペ ⊥ト ͡ レ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ び ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α (1. By t he st ar when it goes down.) (2. Your companion has neit her gone ast ray nor has he erred.) (3. Nor does he speak of desire.) (4. It is only a revelat ion revealed.)

Allah swears the Messenger is True and His Words are a Revelation from Him Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ash-Sha` bi and ot hers st at ed t hat t he Creat or swears by what ever He wills among His creat ion, but t he creat ed only vow by t he Creat or. Allah said,

び ン∠ヲワ∠ や∠クま͡ ユ͡ ∇イレｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (By t he st ar when it goes down.) Ibn Abi Naj ih report ed t hat Muj ahid said, "The st ar refers t o Pleiades when it set s at Faj r.'' Ad-Dahhak said "When t he Shayat in are shot wit h it .'' And t his Ayah is like Allah's saying;

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇ヲャｚ ユ∀ ジ ∠ ボ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ュ͡ ヲ⊥イレぁ ャや ノ͡ ホ͡ ヲ∠ ヨ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ -ラ ∃ ヲ⊥レ∇ムョｚ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴプ͡ - ∀ユΑ͡ゲ∠ミ ∀ラや∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ゆ あ ケｚ リあョ ∀モΑ͡ゴレ∠ゎ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヰｚ ト ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ジ ぁ ヨ∠ Α∠ Ι ｚ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや

(So, I swear by t he set t ing of t he st ars. And verily, t hat is indeed a great oat h, if you but know. That is indeed an honorable recit at ion. In a Book well-guarded. Which none can t ouch but t he pure. A revelat ion from t he Lord of all t hat exist s.)(56:75-80) Allah said;

び ン∠ヲビ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら⊥ エ ͡ ⇒∠タ モ ｚッ ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (Your companion has neit her gone ast ray nor has erred.) This cont ains t he subj ect of t he oat h. This part of t he Ayah is t he wit ness t hat t he Messenger of Allah is sane and a follower of Trut h. He is neit her led ast ray, such as in t he case of t he ignorant who does not proceed on any pat h wit h knowledge, nor is he one who erred, such as in t he case of t he knowledgeable, who knows t he Trut h, yet deviat es from it int ent ionally t o somet hing else. Therefore, Allah exonerat ed His Messenger and his Message from being similar t o t he misguided ways of t he Christ ians and t he erroneous pat hs of t he Jews, such as knowing t he Trut h and hiding it , while abiding by falsehood. Rat her, he, may Allah's peace and blessings be on him, and his glorious Message t hat Allah has sent him wit h, are on t he perfect st raight pat h, following guidance and what is correct .

Muhammad was sent as a Mercy for all that exists; He does not speak of His Desire Allah said,

び ン∠ヲヰ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ペ ⊥ト ͡ レ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (Nor does he speak of desire), assert ing t hat not hing t he Prophet ut t ers is of his own desire or wish,

び ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α ∀ヴ∇ェ∠ヱ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ぴ (It is only a revelat ion revealed.), means, he only conveys t o t he people what he was commanded t o convey, in it s ent iret y wit hout addit ions or delet ions. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Umamah said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ヶ ∠ ら͡ レ∠ よ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヘゼ ∠ よ͡ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや リ ｚ ヤ∠カ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ ャ∠» «ゲ∠ツョ⊥ ヱ∠ る∠ バ∠ Β͡よケ∠ リ ͡ ∇ΒΒｚ エ ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇ΒΒｚ エ ∠ ∇ャや (Verily, numbers similar t o t he t wo t ribes, or one of t hem, Rabi` ah and Mudar, will ent er Paradise on account of t he int ercession of one man, who is not a Prophet .) A man asked, "O Allah's Messenger! Is not Rabi` ah a subt ribe of Mudar.'' The Prophet said,

«メヲ⊥ホぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡»

(I said what I said.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said, "I used t o record everyt hing I heard from t he Messenger of Allah so it would be preserved. The Quraysh discouraged me from t his, saying, ` You record everyt hing you hear from t he Messenger of Allah , even t hough he is human and somet imes speaks when he is angry' I st opped recording t he Hadit hs for a while, but lat er ment ioned what t hey said t o t he Messenger of Allah , who said,

ゅｚャま͡ ヶあレョ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ヲ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ょわ⊥ ∇ミや» «ペ∠エ∇ャや (Writ e! By He in Whose Hand is my soul, every word t hat comes out of me is t he Trut h.)'' Abu Dawud also collect ed t his Hadit h.

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ - ン∠ヲわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ り∃ ゲｚ ョ͡ ヱ⊥ク - ン∠ヲボ⊥ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ぴ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ - ヴｚャギ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ル∠キ ｚユを⊥ - ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ｘや ペ ͡ プ⊥ Ι ｙ ゅ͡よ - ヴ∠ェ∇ヱ∠ぺ べ∠ョ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ∠ェ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ - ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βシ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ヨわ⊥ プ∠ ぺ∠ - ン∠ぺケ∠ ゅ∠ョ キ⊥ や∠ぽヘ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ グ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ り͡ ケ∠ ∇ギシ ͡ ギ∠ レ͡ハ - ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ る⇔ ャ∠∇ゴル∠ ロ⊥ や∠￢ケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ン∠ゲΑ∠ り∠ ケ∠ ∇ギジ あ ャや ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ ∇クま͡ - ン∠ヱ∇ほヨ∠ ∇ャや る⊥ ｚレィ ∠ ゅ∠ワ∠ギレ͡ハ - ヴ∠ヰわ∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや ン∠ぺケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ - ヴ∠ピデ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや パ ∠ や∠コ ゅ∠ョ - ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ び ン∠ゲ∇らム⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ (5. He has been t aught by one might y in power.) (6. Dhu Mirrah t hen he Ist awa.) (7. While he was in t he highest part of t he horizon,) (8. Then he approached and came closer,) (9. And was at a dist ance of t wo bows' lengt h or less.) (10. So (Allah) revealed t o His servant what ever He revealed.) (11. The heart lied not in what he saw.) (12. Will you t hen disput e wit h him about what he saw) (13. And indeed he saw him at a second descent .) (14. Near Sidrat Al-Munt aha.) (15. Near it is t he Paradise of Abode.) (16. When t hat covered t he lot e t ree which did cover it !) (17. The sight t urned not aside, nor it t ransgressed beyond t he limit .) (18. Indeed he saw of t he great est Ssgns of his Lord.)

The Trustworthy Angel brought Allah's Revelation to the Trustworthy Messenger Allah t he Exalt ed st at es t hat t he Message His servant and Messenger Muhammad brought t o people was t aught t o him by,

びン∠ヲボ⊥ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ぴ (might y in power), he is Jibril, peace be upon him,

ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ク ギ∠ レ͡ハ り∃ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ン͡ク ユ∃ Α͡ゲミ∠ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケ∠ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ びリ ∃ Β͡ョぺ∠ ユｚ を∠ ノ∃ ⇒∠トョぁ リ ∃ Β͡ムョ∠ (Verily, t his is t he Word a most honorable messenger, owner of power, wit h (Allah) t he Lord of t he Throne, obeyed (by t he angels) and t rust wort hy.)(81:19-21) Allah said here,

び∃りゲｚ ョ͡ ヱ⊥クぴ (Dhu Mirrah), meaning, he is might y in power, according t o Muj ahid, Al-Hasan and Ibn Zayd. In an aut hent ic Hadit h from ` Abdullah bin ` Umar and Abu Hurayrah, t he Prophet said,

«ヵ͡ヲシ ∠ り∃ ゲｚ ョ͡ ヵ͡グ͡ャ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヶ ∠ レ͡ ピ∠ ャ͡ る⊥ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや モ ぁエ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» (Charit y is not allowed for a rich person nor Dhu Mirrah (a st rong person) of sound mind and body.) Allah said;

びン∠ヲわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ (t hen he Ist awa (rose).) t his refers t o t he angel Jibril, according t o Al-Hasan, Muj ahid, Qat adah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas,

び ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ｘやペ ͡ プ⊥ Ι ｙ ゅ͡よ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (While he was in t he highest part of t he horizon.) meaning, Jibril rose t o t he highest part of t he horizon, according t o ` Ikrimah and several ot hers; ` Ikrimah said, "The highest horizon where t he morning comes from.'' Muj ahid said, "It is (t he place of) sunrise.'' Qat adah said, "That from which t he day comes.'' Ibn Zayd and several ot hers said similarly. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "The Messenger of Allah saw Jibril in his original shape having six hundred wings, each wing filling t he side of t he horizon, wit h a colorful array, and pearls and rubies falling from each wing as much as only Allah knows.'' Only Imam Ahmad collect ed t his Hadit h. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas said, "The Prophet asked Jibril t o appear himself t o him in his original shape and Jibril said t o him, ` Invoke your Lord.' The Prophet invoked his Lord t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, and a great huge figure appeared t o him from t he east and kept rising and spreading. When t he Prophet saw Jibril in his original shape, he was knocked unconscious. Jibril came down and revived t he Prophet and wiped t he saliva off of his cheeks.''' Only Ahmad collect ed t his Hadit h.

Meaning of "at a distance of two bows' length or less Allah's st at ement ,

び ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βシ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ぴ (And was at a dist ance of t wo bows` lengt h or less.) means, Jibril came closer t o Muhammad when Jibril was descending t o him on eart h. At t hat t ime, t he dist ance bet ween t hem became only t wo bow lengt hs, when t he bows are ext ended t o full lengt h, according t o Muj ahid and Qat adah. It was said t hat t he meaning here is t he dist ance bet ween t he bow's st ring and it s wood cent er. Allah's st at ement ,

びヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or less) indicat es t hat t he dist ance was as only as far described, not more. This t ype of usage is found in several inst ances in t he Qur'an, such as,

∇ヱぺ∠ り͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠イエ ͡ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ろジ ∠ ホ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び⇔りヲ∠ ∇ジホ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ (Then, aft er t hat , your heart s were hardened and became as st ones or even worse in hardness.)(2:74) The Ayah says t hat t heir heart s became not soft er t han rocks, but as hard and difficult as rocks, and more. There is a similar Ayah,

び⇔るΒ∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ Β∠ ∇ゼガ ∠ ミ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ぴ (fear men as t hey fear Allah or even more.)(4:77), and Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゴΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ブ ∃ ∇ャぺ∠ る͡ も∠ ∇ゅョ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And We sent him t o hundred t housand (people) or even more.)(37:147), indicat ing t hat t hey were not less t han a hundred t housand, but t hat amount or more. Therefore, t his verifies t he fact s ment ioned, leaving no doubt or means of refut e. Similarly, Allah said,

び ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βシ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ぴ (And was at a dist ance of t wo bow lengt hs or less.) We st at ed before t hat it was Jibril who came down near t he Prophet , according t o ` A'ishah, t he Mot her of t he fait hful, ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud, Abu Dharr and Abu Hurayrah. We will ment ion t heir st at ement s about t his soon aft erwards, Allah willing. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said about t his Ayah,

び ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βシ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ぴ (And was at a dist ance of t wo bow lengt hs or less.) "Allah's Messenger said,

«ゥゅ∠レィ ∠ る͡ も∠ ゅ͡ヨわぁ シ ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ » (I saw Jibril; he had six hundred wings.)'' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Talq bin Ghannam said t hat Za'idah said t hat Ash-Shaybani said, "I asked Zirr about t he Ayah,

ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ∠ェ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ - ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βシ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ぴ び ヴ∠ェ∇ヱ∠ぺ べ∠ョ (And was at a dist ance of t wo bow lengt hs or less. So (Allah) revealed t o His servant what ever He revealed.) Zirr said, "Abdullah narrat ed t o us t hat Muhammad saw Jibril having six hundred wings.'' Allah's st at ement ,

び ヴ∠ェ∇ヱ∠ぺ べ∠ョ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ∠ェ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So he revealed t o His servant what ever He revealed.) means, Jibril conveyed t o Allah's servant Muhammad what ever he conveyed. Or, t he meaning here could be: Allah revealed t o His servant Muhammad what ever He revealed t hrough Jibril. Bot h meanings are correct . Sa` id bin Jubayr said about Allah's st at ement ,

び ヴ∠ェ∇ヱ∠ぺ べ∠ョ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ∠ェ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So He revealed t o His servant what ever He revealed.) "Allah revealed t o him,

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡わΑ∠ ポ ∠ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Did He not find you an orphan.)(93:6), and,

びポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ミク͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バプ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And have We not raised high your fame)(94:4)'' Someone else said, "Allah revealed t o t he Prophet t hat t he Prophet s will not ent er Paradise unt il he ent ers it first , and t he nat ions will not ent er it unt il his Ummah ent ers it first .''

Did the Prophet see His Lord during the Night of Isra

Allah said next ,

ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ヨわ⊥ プ∠ ぺ∠ - ン∠ぺケ∠ ゅ∠ョ キ⊥ や∠ぽヘ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ グ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ び ン∠ゲΑ∠ (The heart lied not in what he saw. Will you t hen disput e wit h him about what he saw) Muslim recorded from Ibn ` Abbas about :

び ン∠ぺケ∠ ゅ∠ョ キ⊥ や∠ぽヘ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ グ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (The heart lied not in what he saw), and,

び ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ る⇔ ャ∠∇ゴル∠ ロ⊥ や∠￢ケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed he saw him at a second descent .) "He saw Allah t wice in his heart .'' Simak report ed a similar from ` Ikrimah from Ibn ` Abbas. Abu Salih, As-Suddi and several ot hers said similarly t hat t he Prophet saw Allah t wice in his heart .Masruq said, "I went t o ` A'ishah and asked her, ` Did Muhammad see his Lord' She said, ` You said somet hing t hat caused my hair t o rise!' I said, ` Behold!' and recit ed t his Ayah,

び ン∠ゲ∇らム⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ン∠ぺケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Indeed he saw of t he great est signs of his Lord.) She said, ` Where did your mind wander It was Jibril. Whoever says t o you t hat Muhammad saw his Lord, or hid any part of what he was commanded (i.e., Allah's Message), or knew any of t he five t hings which only Allah knows,

び∠ゑ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ユ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah, wit h Him is t he knowledge of t he Hour, He sends down t he rain...)(31:34), Then he invent s a great lie against Allah! The Prophet only saw Jibril t wice, in his original shape, once near Sidrat Al-Munt aha and anot her t ime in Aj yad (in Makkah) while Jibril had six hundred wings t hat covered t he horizon.''' Muslim recorded t hat Abu Dharr said, "I asked t he Messenger of Allah , ` Have you seen your Lord' He said,

«ロや∠ケぺ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ ∀ケヲ⊥ル» (How can I see Him since t here was a light )'' In anot her narrat ion, t he Prophet said,

«や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ » (I only saw a light .) Allah's st at ement ,

- ヴ∠ヰわ∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや り͡ ケ∠ ∇ギシ ͡ ギ∠ レ͡ハ - ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ る⇔ ャ∠∇ゴル∠ ロ⊥ や∠￢ケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び ン∠ヱ∇ほヨ∠ ∇ャや る⊥ ｚレィ ∠ ゅ∠ワ∠ギレ͡ハ (And indeed he saw him at a second descent . Near Sidrat Al-Munt aha.) "The Messenger of Allah said,

∇リョ͡ ゲ⊥ ん͡ わ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ゥ ∃ ゅ∠レィ ∠ る͡ も∠ ゅ͡ヨわぁ シ ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ モ ∠ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ » «れヲ⊥ホゅ∠Β∇ャや∠ヱ ケあ ギぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ モ ⊥ Α͡ヱゅ∠ヰｚわャや ヮ͡ ゼ ͡ Α͡ケ (I saw Jibril while he had six hundred wings and a colorful array of pearls and rubies falling from t he feat hers of his wings.)'' This Hadit h has a good, st rong chain of narrat ion. Ahmad also recorded t hat ` Abdullah ぴIbn Mas` udび said, "The Messenger of Allah saw Jibril in his original shape while Jibril had six hundred wings, each wing covering t he side of t he horizon. From his wings, precious st ones were dropping of which only Allah has knowledge.'' This Hadit h has a good chain of narrat ion. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "The Messenger of Allah said,

る͡ も∠ ゅ͡ヨわぁ シ ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヰわ∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや り͡ ケ∠ ∇ギシ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∠ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ » «ゥゅ∠レィ ∠ (I saw Jibril over Sidrat Al-Munt aha while he had six hundred wings.)'' One of t he subnarrat ors of t he Hadit h asked ` Asim about Jibril's wings and ` Asim refused t o elaborat e. So some of his companions were asked and one of t hem said, "Each wing was covering what is bet ween t he east and t he west .'' This Hadit h has a good chain of narrat ion. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn Mas` ud said t hat Allah's Messenger said:

«ケぁギャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ペ ∃ ヤｚバ∠ ョ⊥ ゲ∃ ∇ツカ ⊥ ヶ͡プ モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ヶ͡ルゅ∠ゎぺ∠» (Jibril came t o me wearing green wit h pearls hanging down.) This Hadit h has a good chain of narrat ion. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Amir said t hat Masruq asked ` A'ishah, "O Mot her of t he fait hful, has Muhammad seen his Lord, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored'' She said, "Glorious is Allah! My hair is st anding on end because of what you said. Three mat t ers, if one t ells you about any of t hem, will have lied. Whoever t ells you t hat Muhammad has seen his Lord, will have lied.'' She t hen recit ed t hese t wo Ayat ,

び∠ゲ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘやポ ⊥ ケ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や ヮ⊥ ミ⊥ ケ͡ ∇ギゎ⊥ Ι ｚぴ (No vision can grasp Him, but He grasps all vision.)(6:103), and,

リ͡ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔Β∇ェヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤあム∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ゲ∃ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∃ゆゅ∠イェ ͡ ￢͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ (It is not given t o any human being t hat Allah should speak t o him unless (it be) by revelat ion, or from behind a veil.)(42:51) She went one, "And whoever t ells you t hat Muhammad knew what t he morrow will bring, will have ut t ered a lie.'' She t hen recit ed,

ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゑ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ユ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び͡ュゅ∠ェ∇ケｘΙや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ (Verily, Allah, wit h Him is t he knowledge of t he Hour, He sends down t he rain, and knows t hat which is in t he wombs.)(31:34) ` A'ishah said, "And whoever t ells you t hat Muhammad has hidden any part of t he Message will have lied,'' and she t hen recit ed t his Ayah,

び∠マよあ ケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョ ∇ヒヤあよ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ (O Messenger proclaim which has been sent down t o you from your Lord.)(5:67).She went one, "However, he saw Jibril t wice in his original shape.'' Imam Ahmad also recorded t hat Masruq said, "I asked ` A'ishah, ` Did not Allah say,

び ͡リΒ͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ペ ͡ プ⊥ Ι ｙ ゅ͡よ ロ⊥ や∠￢ケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed he saw him in t he clear horizon.)(81:23), and,

び ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ る⇔ ャ∠∇ゴル∠ ロ⊥ や∠￢ケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed he saw him at a second descent )' She said, ` I was t he first among t his Ummah t o ask Allah's Messenger about it . He said,

«モΑ͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ポ ∠ や∠ク ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡» (That was Jibril.) He only saw him t wice in his act ual and real figure. He saw Jibril descend from heaven t o eart h and was so huge t hat he covered t he whole horizon bet ween t he sky and eart h.)''' This Hadit h is recorded in t he Two Sahihs via Ash-Sha` bi.

Angels, Light and colors covered Sidrat Al-Muntaha Allah said,

び ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ り∠ ケ∠ ∇ギジ あ ャや ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ (When t hat covered t he lot e t ree which did cover it !) We ment ioned before, in t he Hadit hs about Al-Isra' t hat t he angels, Allah's Light , and spect acular colors covered t he Sidrah. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "When t he Messenger of Allah was t aken on t he Isra' j ourney, he ascended t o Sidrat Al-Munt aha, which is in t he sevent h heaven. There everyt hing t erminat es t hat ascends from t he eart h and is held t here, and t erminat es everyt hing t hat descends from above it is held t here,

び ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ り∠ ケ∠ ∇ギジ あ ャや ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ (When t hat covered t he lot e t ree which did cover it !) He said, "Golden but t erflies. The Messenger of Allah was given t hree t hings: He was given t he five prayers, he was given t he concluding verses of Surat Al-Baqarah (2:284-286), and remission of serious sins for t hose among his Ummah who do not associat e anyt hing wit h Allah.'' Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h. Allah's st at ement ,

び ヴ∠ピデ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや パ ∠ や∠コ ゅ∠ョぴ (The sight t urned not aside, nor it t ransgressed beyond t he limit .) indicat es t hat t he Prophet 's sight did not t urn right or left , according t o ` Ibn ` Abbas,

びヴ∠ピデ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (nor it t ransgressed beyond t he limit .) not exceeding what has been ordained for it . This is a t remendous qualit y t hat demonst rat es t he Prophet 's firm obedience t o Allah, because he only did what was commanded and did ask beyond what he was given. Allah's st at ement ,

び ン∠ゲ∇らム⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ン∠ぺケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Indeed he saw of t he great est signs of his Lord.) is similar t o anot her Ayah,

びべ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∇￢ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ Α∠ ゲ͡ レ⊥ ャ͡ぴ (In order t hat We might show him of Our Ayat .)(17:1), meaning, signs t hat t est ify t o Allah's might and great ness. Relying on t hese t wo Ayat , some scholars of Ahl us-Sunnah said t hat t he Prophet did not see Allah during t he Isra' j ourney, because Allah said,

び ン∠ゲ∇らム⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ン∠ぺケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Indeed he saw of t he great est signs of his Lord.) They said t hat , had t he Prophet seen his Lord, Allah would have conveyed t his news and t he Prophet would have narrat ed it t o t he people.

ン∠ゲ∇カΙ ｙ や る∠ ん∠ ャ͡ゅｚんャや り∠ ヲ∠レョ∠ ヱ∠ - ンｚゴバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ろ ∠ ⇒ｚヤャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ン∠ゴΒ͡ッ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ジホ͡ や⇔ク͡ま マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ - ヴ∠んルｙΙや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ミ∠ ｚグャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ぺ∠ べｚョ ユ⊥ミぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ワヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βｚヨシ ∠ ∀￢べ∠ヨ∇シ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ∇ラま͡ リ ｚヌ ｚ ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ͡ま リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ͡ヰよあ ケｚ リあョ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ザ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ルｘΙや ン∠ヲ∇ヰゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ヴ∠ャヱｙΙやヱ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヮ͡ ヤｚヤ͡プ∠ - ヴｚレヨ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ͡ ⇒∠ジル͡Θャ͡ ∇ュぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘセ ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ピゎ⊥ Ι ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ マ ∃ ヤ∠ョｚ リあョ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ク∠ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ び (19. Have you t hen considered Al-Lat , and Al-` Uzza.) (20. And Manat , t he ot her t hird) (21. Is it for you t he males and for Him t he females) (22. That indeed is a division most unfair!) (23. They are but names which you have named - you and your fat hers - for which Allah has sent down no aut horit y. They follow but a guess and t hat which t hey t hemselves desire, whereas t here has surely come t o t hem t he guidance from t heir Lord!) (24. Or shall man have what he wishes) (25. But t o Allah belongs t he last (Hereaft er) and t he first (t he world).) (26. And t here are many angels in t he heavens, whose int ercession will avail not hing, except aft er Allah has given leave for whom He wills and is pleased wit h.)

Refuting Idolatry, Al-Lat and Al-` Uzza Allah t he Exalt ed rebukes t he idolat ors for worshipping idols and t aking rivals t o Him. They built houses for t heir idols t o resemble t he Ka` bah built by Prophet Ibrahim, Allah's Khalil.

び∠ろ⇒ｚヤャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Have you t hen considered Al-Lat ,) Al-Lat was a whit e st one wit h inscript ions on. There was a house built around Al-Lat in At -Ta'if wit h curt ains, servant s and a sacred court yard around it . The people of At -Ta'if, t he t ribe of Thaqif and t heir allies, worshipped Al-Lat . They would boast t o Arabs, except t he Quraysh, t hat t hey had Al-Lat . Ibn Jarir said, "They derived Al-Lat 's name from Allah's Name, and made it feminine. Allah is far removed from what t hey ascribe t o Him. It was report ed t hat Al-Lat is pronounced Al-Lat because, according t o ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas, Muj ahid, and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Al-Lat was a man who used t o mix Sawiq (a kind of barley mash) wit h wat er for t he pilgrims during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah. When he died, t hey remained

next t o his grave and worshipped him.'' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about Allah's st at ement ,

びンｚゴバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ろ ∠ ⇒ｚヤャやぴ (Al-Lat , and Al-` Uzza.) "Al-Lat was a man who used t o mix Sawiq for t he pilgrims.'' Ibn Jarir said, "They also derived t he name for t heir idol Al-` Uzza from Allah's Name Al-` Aziz. Al-` Uzza was a t ree on which t he idolat ors placed a monument and curt ains, in t he area of Nakhlah, bet ween Makkah and At -Ta'if. The Quraysh revered Al-` Uzza.'' During t he bat t le of Uhud, Abu Sufyan said, "We have Al-` Uzza, but you do not have Al-` Uzza.'' Allah's Messenger replied,

«ユ⊥ムャ∠ ヴ∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ルゅ∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ぶ ⊥ や :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホ» (Say, "Allah is Our Support er, but you have no support .'') Manat was anot her idol in t he area of Mushallal near Qudayd, bet ween Makkah and Al-Madinah. The t ribes of Khuza` ah, Aws and Khazraj used t o revere Manat during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah. They used t o announce Haj j t o t he Ka` bah from next t o Manat . Al-Bukhari collect ed a st at ement from ` A'ishah wit h t his meaning. There were ot her idols in t he Arabian Peninsula t hat t he Arabs revered j ust as t hey revered t he Ka` bah, besides t he t hree idols t hat Allah ment ioned in His Glorious Book. Allah ment ioned t hese t hree here because t hey were more famous t han t he ot hers. An-Nasa'i recorded t hat Abu At -Tufayl said, "When t he Messenger of Allah conquered Makkah, he sent Khalid bin Al-Walid t o t he area of Nakhlah where t he idol of Al-` Uzza was erect ed on t hree t rees of a forest . Khalid cut t he t hree t rees and approached t he house built around it and dest royed it . When he went back t o t he Prophet and informed him of t he st ory, t he Prophet said t o him,

«ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ノレ∠ ∇ダゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ノィ ͡ ∇ケや» (Go back and finish your mission, for you have not finished it .) Khalid went back and when t he cust odians who were also it s servant s of Al-` Uzza saw him, t hey st art ed invoking by calling Al` Uzza! When Khalid approached it , he found a naked woman whose hair was unt idy and who was t hrowing sand on her head. Khalid killed her wit h t he sword and went back t o t he Messenger of Allah , who said t o him,

«ンｚゴバ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ » (That was Al-` Uzza!)'' Muhammad bin Ishaq narrat ed, "Al-Lat belonged t o t he t ribe of Thaqif in t he area of At -Ta'if. Banu Mu` at t ib were t he cust odians of Al-Lat and it s servant s.'' I say t hat t he Prophet sent Al-Mughirah bin Shu` bah and Abu Sufyan Sakhr bin Harb t o dest roy Al-Lat . They carried out t he Prophet 's command and built a Masj id in it s place in t he cit y of At -Ta'if. Muhammad bin Ishaq said t hat Manat used t o be t he idol of t he Aws and Khazraj t ribes and t hose who followed t heir religion in Yat hrib (Al-Madinah). Manat was near t he coast , close t o t he area of Mushallal in Qudayd. The Prophet sent Abu Sufyan Sakhr bin Harb or ` Ali bin Abi Talib t o demolish it . Ibn Ishaq said t hat Dhul-Khalasah was t he idol of t he t ribes of Daws, Khat h` am and Baj ilah, and t he Arabs who resided in t he area of Tabalah. I say t hat DhulKhalasah was called t he Sout hern Ka` bah, and t he Ka` bah in Makkah was called t he Nort hern Ka` bah. The Messenger of Allah sent Jarir bin ` Abdullah Al-Baj ali t o Dhul-Khalasah and he dest royed it . Ibn Ishaq said t hat Fals was t he idol of Tay' and t he neighboring t ribes in t he Mount of Tay', such as Salma and Aj j a. Ibn Hisham said t hat some scholars of knowledge t old him t hat t he Messenger of Allah sent ` Ali bin Abi Talib t o Fals and he dest royed it and found

t wo swords in it s t reasure, which t he Prophet t hen gave t o ` Ali as war spoils. Muhammad bin Ishaq also said t hat t he t ribes of Himyar, and Yemen in general, had a house of worship in San` a' called Riyam. He ment ioned t hat t here was a black dog in it and t hat t he religious men who went wit h Tubba` removed it , killed it and demolished t he building. Ibn Ishaq said t hat Ruda' was a st ruct ure of Bani Rabi` ah bin Ka` b bin Sa` d bin Zayd Manat bin Tamim, which AlMust awghir bin Rabi` ah bin Ka` b bin Sa` d demolished aft er Islam. In Sindad t here was DhulKa` bat , t he idol of t he t ribes of Bakr and Taghlib, t he sons of t he Wa'il, and also t he Iyad t ribes.

Refuting the Idolators Who appoint Rivals to Allah and claim that the Angels were Females Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ン∠ゲ∇カΙ ｙ や る∠ ん∠ ャ͡ゅｚんャや り∠ ヲ∠レョ∠ ヱ∠ - ンｚゴバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ろ ∠ ⇒ｚヤャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び (Have you t hen considered Al-Lat , and Al-` Uzza. And Manat , t he ot her t hird), t hen Allah said,

び ヴ∠んルｙΙや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ミ∠ ｚグャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Is it for you t he males and for Him t he females) Allah asked t he idolat ors, ` do you choose female offspring for Allah and give preference t o yourselves wit h t he males If you made t his division bet ween yourselves and t he creat ed, it would be,

びン∠ゴΒ͡ッ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ジホ͡ ぴ (a division most unfair!)' meaning, it would be an unfair and unj ust division. ` How is it t hen t hat you make t his division bet ween you and Allah, even t hough t his would be foolish and unj ust , if you made it bet ween yourselves and ot hers' Allah t he Exalt ed refut es such innovat ed lies, falsehood and at heism t hey invent ed t hrough worshipping t he idols and calling t hem gods,

びユ⊥ミぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ワヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βｚヨシ ∠ ∀￢べ∠ヨ∇シぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ∇ラま͡ぴ (They are but names which you have named -- you and your fat hers) of your own desire,

び∃リ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べｚョぴ (for which Allah has sent down no aut horit y.) meaning, proof,

び⊥ザヘ⊥ ルｘΙや ン∠ヲ∇ヰゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ リ ｚヌ ｚ ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ͡まぴ

(They follow but a guess and t hat which t hey t hemselves desire,) t hey have no proof, except t heir t rust in t heir forefat hers who t ook t his false pat h in t he past , as well as, t heir lust s and desires t o become leaders, and t hereby gain honor and reverence for t heir forefat hers,

びン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ͡ヰよあ ケｚ リあョ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (whereas t here has surely come t o t hem t he guidance from t heir Lord!), meaning, Allah has sent t hem Messengers wit h t he clear t rut h and unequivocal evidence. However, t hey did not adhere t o or follow t he guidance t hat came t o t hem t hrough t he Prophet s.

Wishful Thinking does not earn One Righteousness Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び ヴｚレヨ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ͡ ⇒∠ジル͡Θャ͡ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or shall man have what he wishes), assert ing t hat not everyone get s t he goodness t hat he wishes,

び͡ょ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ あ ル͡ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ Ι∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ Βあ レ͡ ⇒∠ョほ∠よ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ (It will not be in accordance wit h desires (of Muslims), nor t hose of t he People of Script ure.)(4:123) Allah says, not everyone who claims t o be guided is t ruly guided, and not everyone get s what he wishes for himself. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩ヴｚレヨ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇レΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴｚレヨ∠ ゎ∠ や∠クま͡» «ヮ͡わΒｚ レ͡ ∇ョぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ムΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ヵ͡ケ∇ギΑ∠ (When one of you wishes for somet hing, let him be careful wit h what he wishes for, because he does not know what part of his wish will be writ t en for him.)Only Ahmad collect ed t his Hadit h. Allah's st at ement ,

び ヴ∠ャヱｙΙやヱ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヮ͡ ヤｚヤ͡プ∠ ぴ (But t o Allah belongs t he last and t he first .) meaning, all mat t ers belong t o Allah and He is t he King and Owner of t his world and t he Hereaft er, Who does what He will in bot h lives. What ever He wills, occurs and what ever He does not will, never occurs.

No Interecession except with Allah's Leave

Allah said,

∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘセ ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ピゎ⊥ Ι ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ マ ∃ ヤ∠ョｚ リあョ ∇ユミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ∠ ク∠ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ び (And t here are many angels in t he heavens, whose int ercession will avail not hing except aft er Allah has given leave for whom He wills and is pleased wit h.) As He said;

び͡ヮ͡ル∇ク͡み͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠ク リ∠ョぴ (Who is he t hat can int ercede wit h Him except wit h His permission )(2:255) and,

び⊥ヮャ∠ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ る⊥ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘゼ ｚ ャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Int ercession wit h Him profit s not except for him whom He permit s.) (34:23) ` If t his is t he case wit h t he angels who are close t o Him, how can you, O ignorant ones, hope for Allah t o grant you t he int ercession of t he idols and rivals you worship wit h Him wit hout having His permission or any divine legislat ion permit t ing you t o worship t hem' Rat her, Allah has forbidden idol worshipping by t he t ongues of all of His Messengers and He revealed t his prohibit ion in all of His Books.

る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲぁヨジ ∠ Β⊥ ャ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ͡ま ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ヴ∠んルｙΙや る∠ Β∠ ヨ͡ ∇ジゎ∠ - ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ｚヌ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ リ ｚヌ ｚ ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ヴｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎ リｚョ リ∠ハ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ピ⊥ ヤ∠∇らョ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ン∠ギわ∠ ∇ワや リ ͡ ヨ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ モ ｚッ ∠ リ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ び (27. Verily, t hose who believe not in t he Hereaft er, name t he angels wit h female names.) (28. But t hey have no knowledge t hereof. They follow but conj ect ure, and verily, conj ect ure is no subst it ut e for t he t rut h.) (29. Therefore wit hdraw from him who t urns away from Our Reminder

and desires not hing but t he life of t his world.) (30. That is what t hey could reach of knowledge. Verily, your Lord is He, Who knows best him who goes ast ray from His pat h, and He knows best him who receives guidance.)

Refuting the Claim of the Idolators that the Angels are Allah's Daughters Allah t he Exalt ed admonishes t he idolat ors for calling t he angels female names and claiming t hat t hey are Allah's daught ers. Allah is far removed from what t hey ascribe t o Him. Allah t he Exalt ed said in anot her Ayah,

ゅ⇔ん⇒∠ルま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや キ⊥ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや る∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∠ィ∠ヱぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジΑ⊥ ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰセ ∠ ょ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ムわ⊥ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ セ ∠ ぺ∠ (And t hey make females t he angels, who t hemselves are servant s of t he Most Gracious. Did t hey wit ness t heir creat ion Their t est imony will be recorded, and t hey will be quest ioned!)(43:19) Allah's st at ement here,

び∃ユ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ゅョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (But t hey have no knowledge t hereof.) meaning, t hey have no correct knowledge t est ifying t o t heir st at ement s. What t hey say is all lies, falsehood, fake and ut t er at heism,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ｚヌ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ リ ｚヌ ｚ ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ͡まぴ び⇔ゅゃ∇Βセ ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや (They follow but conj ect ure, and verily, conj ect ure is no subst it ut e for t he t rut h.) meaning, conj ect ure is of no benefit and never t akes t he place of t rut h. In a Hadit h recorded in t he Sahih, t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ゑΑ͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ⊥ グ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚヌ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩ｚリヌ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡» (Beware of suspicion, for suspicion is t he most lying speech.)

The Necessity of turning away from the People of Misguidance Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ヴｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎ リｚョ リ∠ハ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ ぴ

(Therefore wit hdraw from him who t urns away from Our Reminder), means, st ay away from t hose who t urn away from t he Trut h and shun t hem,

びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and desires not hing but t he life of t his world.) meaning, whose aim and knowledge are concent rat ed on t his life; t his is t he goal of t hose who have no goodness in t hem,

び͡ユ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ピ⊥ ヤ∠∇らョ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That is what t hey could reach of knowledge.) meaning, seeking t his life and st riving hard in it s affairs is t he best knowledge t hey have acquired. There is also t he report ed supplicat ion:

ヒ∠ ヤ∠∇らョ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠レヨあ ワ∠ ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや モ ͡ バ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや» «ゅ∠レヨ͡ ∇ヤハ ͡ (O Allah! Make not t his life t he great est of our concerns nor t he best knowledge t hat we can at t ain.) Allah's st at ement ,

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ モ ｚッ ∠ リ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びン∠ギわ∠ ∇ワや リ ͡ ヨ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ (Verily, your Lord is He, Who knows best him who goes ast ray from His pat h, and He knows best him who receives guidance.) meaning, He is t he Creat or of all creat ures and He knows what ever benefit s His servant s. Allah is t he One Who guides whom He wills and misguides whom He wills, and all of t his indicat es His power, knowledge and wisdom. Cert ainly, He is Just and never legislat es or decrees unj ust ly.

ン ∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥レジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン͡ゴ∇イΑ͡ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥￢ゅ∠シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ズ ∠ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユ͡ ∇をΗ ͡ や ゲ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠らミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇イΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ シ ͡ ヱ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ユ∠ ヨ∠ ヤｚャや Ι ｚ ま͡

ラ ͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヴ͡プ る∀ レｚ ィ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユミ⊥ ほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ び ヴ∠ボゎｚ や リ ͡ ヨ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲぁミゴ∠ ゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ (31. And t o Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is on t he eart h, t hat He may requit e t hose who do evil wit h t hat which t hey have done, and reward t hose who do good, wit h what is best .) (32. Those who avoid great sins and Al-Fawahish (immoral sins) except Al-Lamam -- verily, your Lord is of vast forgiveness. He knows you well when He creat ed you from t he eart h (Adam), and when you were fet uses in your mot hers' wombs. So, ascribe not purit y t o yourselves. He knows best him who has Taqwa.)

Allah knows Every Matter, whether Small or Big, and He rewards Each according to His or Her Deeds Allah assert s t hat He is t he King and Owner of t he heavens and eart h and t hat He is independent of t he need for anyone. He is t he aut horit y over His creat ion and rules t hem wit h j ust ice. He creat ed t he creat ion in t rut h,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン͡ゴ∇イΑ͡ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥￢ゅ∠シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン ∠ ゴ͡ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ びヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ (t hat He may requit e t hose who do evil wit h t hat which t hey have done, and reward t hose who do good, wit h what is best .) He recompenses each according t o his or her deeds, good for good and evil for evil.

Qualities of the Good-doers; Allah forgives the Small Faults Allah st at ed t hat t he gooddoers are t hose who avoid maj or sins and immoral sins. They somet imes commit minor sins, but t hey will be forgiven t hese minor sins and covered from exposure, as Allah ment ioned in anot her Ayah;

∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ゲヘあ ム∠ ル⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ レ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ョ ゲ∠ も͡ べ∠らミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΑ͡ゲミ∠ Κ ⇔カ ∠ ∇ギョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇ギル⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ (If you avoid t he great sins which you are forbidden t o do, We shall expiat e from you your (small) sins, and admit you t o a Noble Ent rance.)(4:31) Allah said here,

び∠ユヨ∠ ヤｚャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ズ ∠ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユ͡ ∇をΗ ͡ や ゲ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠らミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇イΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ

(Those who avoid great sins and Al-Fawahish (immoral sins) except Al-Lamam), Al-Lamam means, small fault s and minor errors. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "I have not seen anyt hing t hat resembles Al-Lamam bet t er t han t he Hadit h t hat Abu Hurayrah narrat ed from t he Prophet ,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヌェ ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ͡ ∇よや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» ∩⊥ゲヌ ∠ レｚ ャや リ ͡ ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ルゴ͡ プ∠ ∩∠るャ∠ゅ∠エョ∠ ゅ∠ャ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ポ ∠ ケ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ∩ゅ∠ルゴあ ャや ∩ヶ͡ヰわ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヴｚレヨ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ザ ⊥ ∇ヘｚレャや∠ヱ ∩⊥ペ∇トレぁ ャや ラ ͡ ゅ∠ジヤあャや ゅ∠ルコ͡ ヱ∠ «ヮ⊥よグあ ム∠ Α⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ベ ⊥ あギダ ͡ Α⊥ ァ ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (Verily, Allah t he Exalt ed has decreed for t he Son of Adam his share of Zina and he will cert ainly earn his share. The Zina of t he eye is by looking, t he Zina of t he t ongue is by t alking and t he heart wishes and lust s, but t he sexual organ eit her subst ant iat es all t his or not .)'' This Hadit h is recorded in t he Two Sahihs. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn Mas` ud said, "The eyes commit Zina by looking, t he lips by kissing, t he hands by t ransgressing, t he feet by walking, and t he sexual organ eit her mat erializes all of t his or not . When one commit s sexual int ercourse, he will be someone who commit t ed Zina. Ot herwise, it is Al-Lamam.'' Masruq and Ash-Sha` bi also held t he same view. ` Abdur-Rahman bin Nafi` , who is also known as Ibn Lubabah At -Ta'ifi, said, "I asked Abu Hurayrah about Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ユヨ∠ ヤｚャや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except t he Lamam), and he said, ` It pert ains t o kissing, winking one's eye, looking and embracing. When t he sexual organ meet s t he sexual organ in int ercourse t hen Ghusl is obligat ory, and t hat is Zina.''

Encouraging Repentance and forbidding Claims of Purity for Oneself Allah's st at ement ,

び͡りゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ シ ͡ ヱ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (verily, your Lord is of vast forgiveness.) assert s t hat His Mercy encompasses everyt hing, and His forgiveness ent ails every t ype of sin, if one repent s,

∇やヲ⊥トレ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ン ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∠ゆヲ⊥ルグぁ ャや ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ョ び ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ (Say: "O My servant s who have t ransgressed against t hem- selves! Despair not of t he mercy of Allah: verily, Allah forgives all sins. Truly, He is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.'') (39:53) Allah said,

び͡チ∇ケｘΙや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユミ⊥ ほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He knows you well when He creat ed you from t he eart h,) Allah says, ` He was and st ill is t he All-Knowing Whose knowledge encompasses your affairs, st at ement s and all of t he act ions t hat will be commit t ed by you, even when He creat ed your fat her ` Adam from t he eart h and t ook his offspring from his loin, as small as ant s. He t hen divided t hem int o t wo groups, a group dest ined for Paradise and a group t o Hellfire,'

び∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヴ͡プ る∀ レｚィ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and when you were fet uses in your mot hers' wombs.) when He commanded t he angel t o record one's provisions, age, act ions and if he would be among t he miserable or t he happy. Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲぁミゴ∠ ゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, ascribe not purit y t o yourselves.) forbidding one from ascribing purit y and praising himself and t hinking highly of his act ions,

びヴ∠ボゎｚ や リ ͡ ヨ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He knows best him who has Taqwa.) Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ヴあミゴ∠ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ よ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲぁミゴ∠ Α⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡わプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ (Have you not seen t hose who claim sanct it y for t hemselves. Nay, but Allah sanct ifies whom He wills, and t hey will not be dealt wit h unj ust ly, even equal t o t he ext ent of a Fat il.) (4:49) In his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat Muhammad bin ` Amr bin ` At a said, "I called my daught er, Barrah (t he pious one), and Zaynab bint Abu Salamah said t o me, ` The Messenger of Allah forbade using t his name. I was originally called Barrah and he said,

«ユ⊥ム∇レョ͡ ゲあ ら͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡ ∩∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ やヲぁミゴ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» (Do not ascribe purit y t o yourselves; Allah knows best who t he pious people among you are)' They said, ` What should we call her' He said,

«ょ∠レ∇Αコ∠ ゅ∠ワヲぁヨ∠シ» (Call her Zaynab.)'' Imam Ahmad recorded a Hadit h from ` Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Bakrah, from his fat her who said, "A man praised anot her man before t he Prophet . The Messenger of Allah said,

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や∠クま͡ や⇔ケやゲョ マ ∠ ら͡ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タ ペ ∠ レ⊥ ハ ⊥ ろ ∠ ∇バト ∠ ホ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇Αヱ∠ » ょ ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ェぺ∠ :∇モボ⊥ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∩∠るャ∠ゅ∠エョ∠ ゅ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ら∠ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タ ゅ⇔ェキ͡ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∩や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヶあミコ∠ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮら⊥ Β͡ジェ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や∠ヱ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヤプ⊥ «マ͡ャク ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラま͡ ∩や∠グミ∠ ヱ∠ や∠グミ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ェぺ∠ (Woe t o you, you have cut off t he neck of your friend! (He repeat ed t his) If one of you must praise a friend of his, let him say, "I t hink t hat so-and-so is t his and t hat ; Allah knows best about him and I will never purify anyone before Allah,'' if he knows his friend t o be as he is describing him.)'' Al-Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawud and Ibn Maj ah collect ed t his Hadit h. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Hammam bin Al-Harit h said, "A man came before ` Ut hman bin ` Affan and praised him. Al-Miqdad bin Al-Aswad st art ed t hrowing sand in t he face of t hat man, saying, ` The Messenger of Allah ordered us t o t hrow sand in t heir faces when we see t hose who praise.''' Muslim and Abu Dawud also collect ed t his Hadit h.

- ン∠ギ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ - ヴｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎ ン͡グャｚや ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ほらｚ レ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - ン∠ゲΑ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハほ∠プ ケ⊥ ゴ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ - ヴｚプヱ∠ ン͡グャｚや ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ヱ∠ - ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ブ ͡ エ ⊥タ ⊥ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ジル͡Θャ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ - ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ケ∠ ∇コヱ͡ り∀ ケ∠ コ͡ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ゴ∇イΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ - ン∠ゲΑ⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ヮ⊥ Β∠ ∇バシ ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ヴ∠バシ ∠ び ヴ∠プ∇ヱΕ ∠ や ￢∠ へ∠ゴイ ∠ ∇ャや

(33. Did you observe him who t urned away (from Islam).) (34. And gave a lit t le, t hen st opped) (35. Is wit h him t he knowledge of t he Unseen so t hat he sees) (36. Or is he not informed wit h what is in t he Suhuf of Musa,) (37. And of Ibrahim who fulfilled all t hat :) (38. That no burdened person (wit h sins) shall bear t he burden (sins) of anot her.) (39. And t hat man can have not hing but what he does.) (40. And t hat his deeds will be seen.) (41. Then he will be recompensed wit h a full and t he best recompense.)

Chastising Those Who disobey Allah and stop giving Charity Allah t he Exalt ed chast ises t hose who t urn away from His obedience,

び ヴｚャヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ - ヴｚヤタ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ベ ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So he (t he disbeliever) neit her believed nor prayed! But on t he cont rary, he belied and t urned away!)(75:31-32),

び ン∠ギ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ト∇ハ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (And gave a lit t le, t hen st opped) Ibn ` Abbas said, "Gave a lit t le, t hen st opped giving.'' Similar was said by Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Ikrimah, Qat adah and several ot hers. ` Ikrimah and Sa` id said: "Like t he case of a people who dig a well, during t he course of which t hey find a rock prevent ing t hem from complet ing t heir work. So t hey say, ` We are finished' and t hey abandon t he work.'' Allah's st at ement ,

び ンゲ∠ Α∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハほ∠プぴ (Is wit h him t he knowledge of t he Unseen so t hat he sees) means, does t his person, who st opped giving for fear of povert y and ended his act s of charit y have knowledge of t he Unseen and t hus knows t hat if he does not st op giving, his wealt h will go away No. Such a person has st opped giving in charit y for right eous causes and did not keep relat ions wit h kit h and kin because of his miserliness, being st ingy and out of fear of povert y. The Prophet said in a Hadit h,

«ゅ⇔ャゅ∠ヤ∇ホま͡ ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ヵ͡ク ∇リョ͡ ズ ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥メゅ∠ヤよ͡ ∇ペヘ͡ ∇ルぺ∠» (O Bilal, spend and fear not less provisions from t he Owner of t he Thone.) Allah t he Exalt ed and Most honored said,

ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヘ⊥ ヤ͡∇ガΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∠リΒ͡ホコ͡ やｚゲャや (And what soever you spend of anyt hing (in Allah's cause), He will replace it . And He is t he Best of providers.)(34:39)

Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ヱ∠ - ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ブ ͡ エ ⊥タ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ほらｚ レ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ び ヴｚプヱ∠ ン͡グャｚや (Or is he not informed wit h what is in t he Suhuf of Musa. And of Ibrahim who fulfilled), Sa` id bin Jubayr and At h-Thawri said it means: "Conveyed all t hat he was ordered t o convey.'' Ibn ` Abbas said about :

びヴｚプヱ∠ ぴ (fulfilled) "He delivered all t hat Allah ordered him t o deliver.'' Sa` id bin Jubayr said about :

びヴｚプヱ∠ ぴ (fulfilled), "What he was ordered.'' Qat adah said about :

びヴｚプヱ∠ ぴ (fulfilled), "He obeyed Allah and delivered His Message t o His creat ures.'' This is t he view preferred by Ibn Jarir because it includes t he st at ement before it and support s it . Allah said,

ヴあルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ヨｚ ゎ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ヤわ∠ ∇よや ク͡ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ⇔ョゅ∠ョま͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ マ ∠ ヤ⊥バ͡ ⇒∠ィ (And (remember) when t he Lord of Ibrahim t ried him wit h (cert ain) commands, which he fulfilled. He said: "Verily, I am going t o make you an Imam (a leader) for mankind.'')(2:124) Therefore, Ibrahim fulfilled all t he commands of his Lord, st ayed away from all t he prohibit ions, and conveyed Allah's Message in it s ent iret y. Therefore, he is wort hy of being made a leader for mankind in all of his affairs, st at ement s and act ions. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ る∠ ヤｚョ͡ ∇ノら͡ ゎｚ や ラ ͡ ぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ (Then, We have sent t he revelat ion t o you (saying): "Follow t he religion of Ibrahim, a Hanif, and he was not of t he idolat ors.'')(16:123)

None shall carry the Burden of Any Other on the Day of Resurrection Allah t he Exalt ed explained what He has revealed in t he Script ure of Ibrahim and Musa,

び ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ケ∠ ∇コヱ͡ り∀ ケ∠ コ͡ ヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゴ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ぴ (That no burdened person shall bear t he burden of anot her.) Meaning, every soul shall carry it s own inj ust ices, whet her disbelief or sin, and none else shall carry it s burden of sin, as Allah st at es

∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ヨェ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ る∀ ヤ∠ボ∠ ∇んョ⊥ ネ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ びヴ∠よ∇ゲホ⊥ や∠ク ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ (And if one heavily laden calls anot her t o (bear) his load, not hing of it will be lift ed even t hough he be near of kin.)(35:18) Allah said,

び ヴ∠バシ ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ジル͡Θャ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat man can have not hing but what he does.) So j ust as no soul shall carry t he burden of any ot her, t he soul shall only benefit from t he good t hat one earns for himself. As for t he Hadit h recorded by Muslim in t he Sahih, t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇リョ͡ :ゐ ∃ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ノ∠ ト ∠ ボ∠ ∇ルや ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ジ∇ルみ͡∇ャや れ ∠ ゅ∠ョ や∠クま͡» ∩͡ロギ͡ ∇バよ∠ ∇リョ͡ る∃ Α∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ィ る∃ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ウ ∃ ャ͡ゅ∠タ ギ∃ ャ∠ヱ∠ «ヮ͡よ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ わ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ (When a person dies, his deeds will cease except in t hree cases: from a right eous son who invokes Allah for him, or an ongoing charit y aft er his deat h, or knowledge t hat people benefit from.) These t hree t hings are, in realit y, a result of one's own deeds, effort s and act ions. For example, a Hadit h st at es,

ロ⊥ ギ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ジミ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや モ ∠ ミ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ょ ∠ Β∠ ∇デぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» «ヮ͡ら∇ジミ∠ ∇リョ͡ (Verily, t he best t ype of provision t hat one consumes is from what he himself has earned, and one's offspring are among what he has earned.) The ongoing charit y t hat one leaves behind,

like an endowment , for example, are among t he t races of his own act ions and deeds. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

∇やヲ⊥ョギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ ょ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムル∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇エル⊥ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ び∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠をや∠￢ヱ∠ (Verily, We give life t o t he dead, and We record t hat which t hey send before (t hem) and t heir t races.)(36:12) The knowledge t hat one spreads among people which t hey are guided by is among his act ions and deeds. A Hadit h collect ed in t he Sahih st at es,

ケ͡ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ィほ∠∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ハキ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゾ ∠ ボ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∩⊥ヮバ∠ ら∠ ゎｚ や リ ͡ ョ∠ «ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ (Whoever invit es t o guidance, he will earn as much reward as t hose who follow him, wit hout decreasing anyt hing out of t heir own rewards.) Allah said,

び ン∠ゲΑ⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ヮ⊥ Β∠ ∇バシ ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat his deeds will be seen.) meaning, on t he Day of Resurrect ion,

ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ン∠ゲΒ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハや モ ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ り͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ͡ ヤ͡⇒∠ハ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∠ラヱぁキ∠ゲわ⊥ ∠シ∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらレ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ (And say: "Do deeds! Allah will see your deeds, and (so will) His Messenger and t he believers. And you will be brought back t o t he All-Knower of t he unseen and t he seen. Then He will inform you of what you used t o do.'')(9:105), Then Allah will remind you of your act ions and recompense you for t hem in t he best manner, good for good and evil for evil. Allah's st at ement here,

び ヴ∠プ∇ヱΕ ∠ や ￢∠ へ∠ゴイ ∠ ∇ャや ロ⊥ や∠ゴ∇イΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then he will be recompensed wit h a full and t he best recompense.)

マ ∠エ ∠ ∇ッぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ヴ∠ヰわ∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ゅ∠Β∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ れ ∠ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ヴ∠ム∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ - ヴ∠レ∇ヨゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ る∃ ヘ∠ ∇トルぁ リ͡ョ - ヴ∠んルｙΙや∠ヱ ゲ∠ ミ∠ グｚ ャや リ ͡ ∇Βィ ∠ ∇ヱゴｚ ャや ヴ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ン∠ゲ∇カΙ ｙ や り∠ ほ∠∇ゼレｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ン∠ゲ∇バゼ あ ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ヴ∠レ∇ホ∠ぺ∠ヱ リあョ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ュ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ - ヴ∠ボ∇よぺ∠ べ∠ヨ∠プ キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヱ∠ - ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや や⇔キゅ∠ハ る∠ ム∠ ヘ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ - ヴ∠ピ∇デぺ∠ヱ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ マ ∠ よあケ∠ ￢͡ Ιへ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ - ヴｚゼビ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ⇒ｚゼピ∠ プ∠ - ン∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ び ン∠ケゅ∠ヨわ∠ ゎ∠ (42. And t hat t o your Lord is t he End.) (43. And t hat it is He Who makes laugh, and makes weep.) (44. And t hat it is He Who causes deat h and gives life.) (45. And t hat He creat es t he pairs, male and female,) (46. From Nut fah when it is emit t ed.) (47. And t hat upon Him is anot her bringing fort h (Resurrect ion).) (48. And t hat it is He Who Aghna and Aqna.) (49. And t hat He is t he Lord of Ash-Shi` ra.) (50. And t hat it is He Who dest royed t he former ` Ad,) (51. And Thamud. He spared none of t hem.) (52. And t he people of Nuh aforet ime. Verily, t hey were more unj ust and more rebellious and t ransgressing.) (53. And He dest royed t he overt hrown cit ies.) (54. So, t here covered t hem t hat which did cover.) (55. Then which of t he graces of your Lord will you doubt )

Some Attributes of the Lord, that He returns Man as He originated Him, and some of what He does with His Servants Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び ヴ∠ヰわ∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat t o your Lord is t he End.) meaning, t he ret urn of everyt hing on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Amr bin Maymun Al-Awdi said, "Once, Mu` adh bin Jabal st ood up among us and said, ` O Children of Awd! I am t he emissary of Allah's Messenger t o you; know t hat t he Ret urn is t o Allah, eit her t o Paradise or t he Fire.''' Allah's st at ement ,

び ヴ∠ム∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠エ ∠ ∇ッぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat it is He Who makes you laugh, and makes you weep.) means t hat He creat ed in His creat ures t he abilit y t o laugh or weep and t he causes for each of t hese opposit es,

び ゅ∠Β∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ∠れゅ∠ョ∠ぺ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat it is He Who causes deat h and gives life.) In a similar st at ement , Allah said,

び∠りヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (Who has creat ed deat h and life.)(67:2) Allah said,

る∃ ヘ∠ ∇トルぁ リ͡ョ - ヴ∠んルｙΙや∠ヱ ゲ∠ ミ∠ グｚ ャや リ ͡ ∇Βィ ∠ ∇ヱゴｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び ヴ∠レ∇ヨゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ (And t hat He creat es t he pairs, male and female. From Nut fah when it is emit t ed.) as He said:

る⇔ ヘ∠ ∇トル⊥ マ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ - ン⇔ギシ ⊥ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇わΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ょ ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぺ∠ぴ - ンｚヲジ ∠ プ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠ガ ∠ プ∠ る⇔ ボ∠ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ｚユを⊥ - ヴ∠レ∇ヨΑ⊥ ヴ ｙ レ͡ ョｚ リあョ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ - ヴ∠んルｙΙや∠ヱ ゲ∠ ミ∠ グｚ ャや リ ͡ ∇Βィ ∠ ∇ヱゴｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ び ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ Β͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ∃ ギ͡ ⇒∠ボよ͡ (Does man t hink t hat he will be left neglect ed Was he not a Nut fah Then he became an ` Alaqah (somet hing t hat clings); t hen (Allah) shaped and fashioned (him) in due proport ion. And made of him t wo sexes, male and female. Is not He (Allah) able t o give life t o t he dead)(75:36-40) Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び ン∠ゲ∇カΙ ｙ や り∠ ほ∠∇ゼレｚ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat upon Him is anot her bringing fort h.) meaning, j ust as He first originat ed creat ion, He is able t o bring it back t o life, resurrect ing it for t he Day of Judgement ,

び ヴ∠レ∇ホ∠ぺ∠ヱ ヴ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(And t hat it is He Who Aghna (gives much) and Aqna (a lit t le).) It is Allah Who gives wealt h t o His servant s and t his wealt h remains wit h t hem. This means t hey are able t o use it t o t heir benefit , is t his out of t he complet eness of His favor. Most of t he st at ement s of t he scholars of Tafsir revolve around t his meaning, such as t hose from Abu Salih, Ibn Jarir and ot hers. Muj ahid said t hat ,

びヴ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ぴ (Aghna) meaning: He gives wealt h.

びヴ∠レ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Aqna) meaning: He gives servant s. Similar was said by Qat adah. Ibn ` Abbas and Muj ahid said;

びヴ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ぴ (Aghna) means: He grant ed; while,

びヴ∠レ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Aqna) means: He gave cont ent ment .

び ン∠ゲ∇バゼ あ ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat He is t he Lord of Ash-Shi` ra.) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Qat adah and Ibn Zayd said about Ash-Shi` ra t hat it is t he bright st ar, named Mirzam Al-Jawza' (Sirius), which a group of Arabs used t o worship.

び ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや や⇔キゅ∠ハ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat it is He Who dest royed t he former ` Ad) t he people of Hud. They are t he descendant s of ` Ad, son of Iram, son of Sam, son of Nuh. As Allah t he Exalt ed said,

- キ͡ ゅ∠ヨバ͡ ∇ャや れ ͡ や∠ク ュ∠ ケ∠ ま͡ - ∃キゅ∠バ͡よ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び ͡ギ⇒∠ヤ͡ら∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇んョ͡ ∇ペヤ∠∇ガΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや (Saw you not how your Lord dealt wit h ` Ad. Of Iram, wit h t he loft y pillars, t he like of which were not creat ed in t he land)(89:6-8) The people of ` Ad were among t he st rongest , fiercest people and t he most rebellious against Allah t he Exalt ed and His Messenger. Allah dest royed t hem,

メ ∃ ゅ∠Βャ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ る∃ Β∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ハ ゲ∃ タ ∠ ∇ゲタ ∠ ウ ∃ Α͡ゲよ͡ ぴ び⇔ゅョヲ⊥ジェ ⊥ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る∠ Β∠ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨを∠ ヱ∠ (By a furious violent wind! Which Allah imposed in t hem for seven night s and eight days in succession.)(69:6-7) Allah's st at ement ,

び ヴ∠ボ∇よぺ∠ べ∠ヨプ∠ キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Thamud. He spared none), declares t hat He dest royed t hem all and spared none of t hem,

び⊥モ∇らホ∠ リあョ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ュ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he people of Nuh aforet ime.) before ` Ad and Thamud,

びヴ∠ピ∇デぺ∠ヱ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hey were more unj ust and more rebellious and t ransgressing.) more unj ust in disobeying Allah t han t hose who came aft er t hem,

び ン∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ る∠ ム∠ ヘ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And He dest royed t he overt hrown cit ies.) meaning, t he cit ies (of Sodom and Gomorrah) t o which Prophet Lut was sent . Allah t urned t heir cit ies upside down over t hem and sent on t hem st ones of Sij j il. Allah's st at ement t hat what ever has covered it , has covered it , is like t he case wit h t he st ones of Sij j il t hat He sent on t hem,

びリ ∠ Α͡ケグ∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ト ∠ ョ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ジプ∠ や⇔ゲ∠トョｚ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲト ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And We rained on t hem a rain (of t orment ). And how evil was t he rain of t hose who had been warned!)(26:173) Allah said,

び ン∠ケゅ∠ヨわ∠ ゎ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιへ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ぴ (Then which of t he graces of your Lord will you doubt ) meaning, ` which of Allah's favors for you, O man, do you doubt ,' according t o Qat adah. Ibn Jurayj said t hat t he Ayah,

び ン∠ケゅ∠ヨわ∠ ゎ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιへ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ぴ

(Then which of t he graces of your Lord will you doubt ), is direct ed t owards t he Prophet saying: "O Muhammad!'' However, t he first ex- planat ion is bet t er, and it is t he meaning t hat Ibn Jarir preferred.

- る⊥ プ∠ コ͡ Ι ｘやろ ͡ プ∠ コ͡ ぺ∠ - ヴ∠ャ∇ヱΙ ｙ や ケ͡ グ⊥ レぁ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇リヨ͡ プ∠ ぺ∠ - る∀ ヘ∠ セ ͡ ゅ∠ミ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ム∇らゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムエ ∠ ∇ツゎ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らイ ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゑ ͡ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや び ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇シゅ∠プ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヨ͡ ⇒∠シ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ (56. This is a warner from t he warners of old.) (57. The Azifah draws near.) (58. None besides Allah can avert it .) (59. Do you t hen wonder at t his reci- t at ion) (60. And you laugh at it and weep not ,) (61. While you are Samidun.) (62. So fall you down in prost rat ion t o Allah and worship Him.)

A Warning and Exhortation, the Order to prostrate and to be humble Allah said,

び∀ゲΑ͡グル∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (This is a warner) in reference t o Muhammad ,

びヴ∠ャ∇ヱΙ ｙ や ケ͡ グ⊥ レぁ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ぴ (from t he warners of old.) means, j ust like t he warners of old, he was sent as a Messenger as t hey were sent as Messengers. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び͡モシ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ハ∇ギよ͡ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "I am not a new t hing among t he Messengers.'')(46:9) Allah said;

び る⊥ プ∠ コ͡ Ι ｘやろ ͡ プ∠ コ͡ ぺ∠ぴ (The Azifah draws near.) t hat which is near, t he Day of Resurrect ion, has drawn nearer,

び ∀るヘ∠ セ ͡ ゅ∠ミ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ

(None besides Allah can avert it .) no one besides Allah can prevent it from coming, nor does anyone know when it will come, except Him. The warner is eager t o convey his knowledge of t he imminence of a calamit y, so t hat it does not befall t hose t o whom he is a warner. As He said;

び∃ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ンギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠レΒあル͡まぴ (He is only a warner t o you in face of a severe t orment .) (34:46) And in t he Hadit h:

«ラゅ∠Α∇ゲバ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Α͡グレｚ ャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ» (I am t he naked warner,) meaning, I was in such a hurry t o warn against t he evil I saw coming, t hat I did not wear anyt hing. In t his case, one rushes t o warn his people in such hast e t hat he will be naked. This meaning befit s t he meaning of t he A0yah,

び る⊥ プ∠ コ͡ Ι ｘやろ ͡ プ∠ コ͡ ぺ∠ぴ (t he Azifah draws near.), in reference t o t he nearing Day of Resurrect ion. Allah said in t he beginning of t he Surah:

び⊥るハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ろ ͡ よ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホやぴ (The Hour has drawn near.)(54:1) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Sahl bin Sa` d said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

れ ͡ や∠ゲボｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ∩͡ゆヲ⊥ルグぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠ゲボｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡» や∠ク ￢∠ ゅ∠イプ∠ ∩∃キや∠ヱ リ ͡ ∇トら∠ よ͡ やヲ⊥ャゴ∠ ル∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ルグぁ ャや ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ゴ∠ ∇らカ ⊥ やヲ⊥イツ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∩∃キヲ⊥バよ͡ や∠ク ￢∠ ゅ∠ィヱ∠ キ∃ ヲ⊥バよ͡ ∩ゅ∠ヰら⊥ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ グ⊥ カ ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヴ∠わョ∠ ∩͡ゆヲ⊥ルグぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠ゲボｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ «ヮ⊥ムヤ͡∇ヰゎ⊥ (Beware of small sins! The example of t he effect of small sin is t hat of people who set t led near t he bot t om of a valley. One of t hem brought a piece of wood, and anot her brought anot her piece of wood, unt il t hey cooked t heir bread! Verily, small sins will dest roy it s companion, if one is held account able for t hem.) Allah t he Exalt ed admonishes t he idolat ors because t hey hear t he Qur'an, yet t hey t urn away from it in heedless play,

び∠ラヲ⊥らイ ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ぴ (wonder) doubt ing t hat it is t rue.

び∠ラヲ⊥ムエ ∠ ∇ツゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And you laugh) in j est and mock at it ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ム∇らゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and weep not ,) j ust as t hose who believe in it weep,

び ゅ⇔ハヲ⊥ゼカ ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ム∇らΑ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ホ∇クΚ ｘ ャ͡ ∠ラヱぁゲ͡ガ∠Α∠ヱぴ (And t hey fall down on t heir faces weeping and it increases t heir humilit y.)(17:109) Allah said;

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヨ͡ ⇒∠シ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (While you are Samidun.) Sufyan At h-Thawri report ed t hat his fat her narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about Samidun, "Singing; in Yemenit e dialect ` Ismid for us' means ` Sing for us.''' ` Ikrimah said somet hing similar. In anot her narrat ion from Ibn ` Abbas, he said t hat ,

び∠ラヱ⊥ギヨ͡ ⇒∠シぴ (Samidun) means, "Turning away.'' Similar was report ed from Muj ahid and ` Ikrimah. Allah t he Exalt ed ordered His servant s t o prost rat e t o Him, worship Him according t o t he way of His Messenger, and t o fulfill t he requirement of Tawhid and sincerit y,

び ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇シゅ∠プぴ (So fall you down in prost rat ion t o Allah and worship Him.) meaning, wit h submission, sincerit y, and Tawhid. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Ma` mar said t hat ` Abdul-Warit h said t hat Ayyub said t hat ` Ikrimah said t hat , Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Prophet prost rat ed upon recit ing An-Naj m and t he Muslims, idolat ors, Jinns and mankind who were present prost rat ed along wit h him.'' Only Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Al-Mut t alib bin Abi Wada` ah said, "While in Makkah, t he Messenger of Allah once recit ed Surat An-Naj m, t hen prost rat ed along wit h all t hose who were wit h him at t he t ime. I raised my head, however, and I refused t o prost rat e.'' Al-Mut t alib had not embraced Islam yet , but ever since he became Muslim, he would never hear anyone recit e t his Surah unt il t he end, wit hout prost rat ing wit h whomever was prost rat ing aft er recit ing it . An-Nasa'i also collect ed t his Hadit h in t he Book of Al-Bukhari, excluding prayer in his Sunan. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat An-Naj m. All praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surah Iqtarabat As-Sa` ah (Chapter - 54) Which was revealed in Makkah The Hadit h of Abu Waqid preceded, in which it is ment ioned t hat t he Messenger of Allah would recit e Surah Qaf (chapt er 53) and Iqt arabat As-Sa` ah (Al-Qamar, chapt er 54), during (t he ` Id Prayers of) Al-Adha and Al-Fit r. The Prophet used t o recit e t hese t wo Surahs during maj or gat herings and occasions because t hey cont ain Allah's promises and warnings, and informat ion about t he origin of creat ion, Resurrect ion, Tawhid, t he affirmat ion of prophet hood, and so fort h among t he great obj ect ives.

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ - ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ペ ｚゼ ∠ ルや∠ヱ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ろ ͡ よ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホやぴ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ - ゲｘ ヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ジョぁ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッ͡ゲ∇バΑ⊥ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ゲｘ ボ͡ わ∠ ∇ジョぁ ゲ∃ ∇ョぺ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ る∀ ピ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠よ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ムェ ͡ - ∀ゲ∠ィキ∠ ∇ゴョ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠ョ ￢͡ べ∠らルｘΙや リ ∠ ョあ び ケ⊥ グ⊥ ぁレャや ヴ⇒͡レ∇ピゎ⊥ (1. The Hour has drawn near, and t he moon has been cleft asunder.) (2. And if t hey see an Ayah, t hey t urn away and say: "This is magic, Must amir.'') (3. They denied and followed t heir own lust s. And every mat t er will be set t led.) (4. And indeed t here has come t o t hem news wherein t here is Muzdaj ar.) (5. Perfect wisdom, but warners benefit t hem not .)

The Hour draws near; the cleaving of the Moon Allah informs about t he approach of t he Last Hour and t he imminent end and demise of t he world,

び⊥ロヲ⊥ヤイ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∠ぺぴ (The Event ordained by Allah will come t o pass, so seek not t o hast en it .)(16:1),

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョぁ る∃ ヤ∠∇ヘビ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ ⇒∠ジェ ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホやぴ び (Draws near for mankind t heir reckoning, while t hey t urn away in heedlessness.)(21:1)

Hadiths about the Last Hour There are several Hadit hs wit h t his meaning. Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bazzar recorded t hat Anas said t hat one day, when t he sun was about t o set , t he Messenger of Allah gave a speech t o his Companions, saying,

ヴ∠ツョ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヶ ∠ ボ͡ よ∠ ゅ∠ョ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» ヴ∠ツョ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ や∠グワ ∇ユム⊥ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヶ ∠ ボ͡ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠ミ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ «ヮ∇レョ͡ (By He in Whose Hand is my soul! Not much of t his world is left compared t o what has already passed of it , except as much as what is left in t his day of yours compared t o what has already passed of it .) Anas said, "We could only see a small part of t he set t ing sun at t he t ime.'' Anot her Hadit h t hat support s and explains t he above Hadit h is recorded by Imam Ahmad t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said, "We were sit t ing wit h t he Prophet while t he sun was rising above Qu` ayqa` an, aft er ` Asr. He said,

ヶ ∠ ボ͡ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠ミ ゅｚャま͡ ヴ∠ツョ∠ ∇リョ∠ ͡ケゅ∠ヨ∇ハ∠ぺ ヶ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ» «ヴ∠ツョ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ (What remains of your t ime, compared t o what has passed, is as long as what remains of t his day compared t o what has passed of it .)'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Sahl bin Sa` d said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

«や∠グム∠ ワ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや∠ヱ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ » (I was sent like t his wit h t he Last Hour.) and he point ed wit h his middle and index finger. The Two Sahihs also recorded t his Hadit h. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Wahb As-Suwa'i said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇れキ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラま͡ ∩͡ログ͡ ワ ∇リョ͡ ロ͡ グ͡ ヰミ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや∠ヱ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ » «ヶ͡レボ⊥ ら͡ ∇ジわ∠ ャ∠ (I was sent j ust before t he Last Hour, like t he dist ance bet ween t his and t his; t he lat t er almost overt ook t he former.) Al-A` mash j oined bet ween his index and middle fingers while narrat ing t his Hadit h. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Al-Awza` i said t hat Isma` il bin ` Ubaydullah said, "Anas bin Malik went t o Al-Walid bin ` Abdul-Malik who asked him about what he heard from t he Messenger of Allah about t he Last Hour. Anas said, ` I heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

«リ∇Βゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰミ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや∠ヱ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠» (You and t he Last Hour are as close as t hese t wo (fingers).)''' Only Imam Ahmad collect ed t his Hadit h. There is proof t o support t hese Hadit hs in t he Sahih list ing, Al-Hashir (lit erally t he Gat herer), among t he names of t he Messenger of Allah ; he is t he first t o be gat hered, and all people will be gat hered t hereaft er (for t he Day of Judgement ). Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ゲヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ペ ｚゼ ∠ ルや∠ヱぴ (and t he moon has been cleft asunder.) It occurred during t he t ime of Allah's Messenger , according t o t he aut hent ic Mut awat ir Hadit hs t he scholars agree t hat t he moon was cleft asunder during t he lifet ime of t he Prophet , and it was among t he clear miracles t hat Allah gave him. Hadit hs ment ioning t hat t he Moon was split

The Narration of Anas bin Malik Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said, "The people of Makkah asked t he Prophet for a miracle and t he moon was split int o t wo part s in Makkah. Allah said,

び ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ペ ｚゼ ∠ ルや∠ヱ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ろ ͡ よ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホやぴ (The Hour has drawn near, and t he moon has been cleft asunder.)'' Muslim also collect ed t his Hadit h. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said, "The people of Makkah asked t he Messenger of Allah t o produce a miracle, and he showed t hem t he split t ing of t he moon int o t wo part s, unt il t hey saw (t he mount of) Hira' bet ween t hem.'' This Hadit h is recorded in t he Two Sahihs wit h various chains of narrat ion.

The Narration of Jubayr bin Mut` im Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jubayr bin Mut ` im said, "The moon was split int o t wo pieces during t he t ime of Allah's Prophet ; a part of t he moon was over one mount ain and anot her part over anot her mount ain. So t hey said, ` Muhammad has t aken us by his magic.' They t hen said, ` If he was able t o t ake us by magic, he will not be able t o do so wit h all people.''' Only Imam Ahmad

recorded t his Hadit h wit h t his chain of narrat ion. Al-Bayhaqi used anot her chain of narrat ion in a similar Hadit h he collect ed in Ad-Dala'il.

The Narration of ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The moon was split during t he t ime of t he Prophet .'' Al-Bukhari and Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on Allah's saying:

る⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ - ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ペ ｚゼ ∠ ルや∠ヱ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ろ ͡ よ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホやぴ び ゲｘ ヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ジョぁ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッ͡ゲ∇バΑ⊥ (The Hour has drawn near, and t he moon has been cleft asunder. And if t hey see a sign, t hey t urn away and say: "This is magic, Must amir.'') "This occurred before t he Hij rah; t he moon was split and t hey saw it in t wo part s.''

The Narration of ` Abdullah bin ` Umar Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bayhaqi recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar comment ed on Allah's st at ement :

び ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ペ ｚゼ ∠ ルや∠ヱ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ろ ͡ よ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホやぴ (The Hour has drawn near, and t he moon has been cleft asunder.) "This occurred during t he t ime of Allah's Messenger ; t he moon was split in t wo part s. A part of it was before t he mount and a part on t he ot her side. The Prophet said,

«ギ∠ヰ∇セや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや» (O Allah! Be wit ness.)'' This is t he narrat ion t hat Muslim and At -Tirmidhi collect ed. At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.''

The Narration of ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn Mas` ud said, "The moon was split in t wo part s during t he t ime of Allah's Messenger, and t hey saw it s t wo part s. Allah's Messenger said,

«やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇セや» (Be wit nesses.)'' Al-Bukhari and Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat ` Abdullah (Ibn Mas` ud) said, "I saw t he mount ain bet ween t he t wo part s of t he moon when it was split .''

Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah said, "The moon was split during t he t ime of Allah's Messenger and I saw t he mount bet ween it s t wo part s.

The Stubbornness of the idolators Allah said,

び⇔る∠Αや∠￢ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And if t hey see an Ayah), if t hey see proof, evidence and a sign,

び∇やヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バΑ⊥ ぴ (t hey t urn away), t hey do not believe in it . Rat her, t hey t urn away from it , abandoning it behind t heir backs,

びｘゲヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ジョぁ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and say: "This is magic, Must amir.'') They say, ` t he sign t hat we saw was magic, which was cast on us.' Must amir, means, ` will soon go away', according t o Muj ahid, Qat adah and several ot hers. The Quraysh said t hat t he cleaving of t he moon was false and will soon diminish and fade away,

び∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (They denied and followed t heir own lust s.), t hey rej ect ed t he t rut h when it came t o t hem, following t he ignorance and foolishness t hat t heir lust s and desires called t hem t o. Allah's st at ement ,

びｘゲボ͡ わ∠ ∇ジョぁ ゲ∃ ∇ョぺ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And every mat t er will be set t led.) means, t he good deeds will t ake t heir doers t o all t hat is good and right eous, and similarly evil deeds will t ake t heir doers t o all t hat is evil, according t o Qat adah, while Ibn Jurayj said, "will set t le according t o it s people.'' Muj ahid comment ed on t he meaning of,

びｘゲボ͡ わ∠ ∇ジョぁ ゲ∃ ∇ョぺ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And every mat t er will be set t led.) by saying, "On t he Day of Resurrect ion.'' Allah's st at ement ,

び͡￢べ∠らルｘΙや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(And indeed t here has come t o t hem news); in t his Qur'an, t here has come t o t hem t he news of t he earlier nat ions t hat disbelieved in t heir Messengers and t he t orment , punishment and afflict ion t hat befell t hem,

び∀ゲィ ∠ キ∠ ∇ゴョ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠ョぴ (wherein t here is Muzdaj ar), wherein t here are warnings and lessons t o st op t hem from idolat ry and persist ing in denial,

び∀るピ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠よ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ムェ ͡ぴ (Perfect wisdom,) in t hat Allah guides whomever He wills and misguides whomever He wills,

び⊥ケグ⊥ レぁ ャや ヴ⇒͡レ∇ピゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (but warners benefit t hem not .) but t he preaching of warnings does not benefit t hose upon whom Allah has writ t en misery and sealed t heir heart s. Who can guide such people aft er Allah This Ayah is similar t o Allah's st at ement s,

リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ギヰ∠ ャ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ る⊥ ピ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ら∇ャや る⊥ ｚイエ ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚヤ͡プ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び (Say: "Wit h Allah is t he perfect proof and argument ; had He so willed, He would indeed have guided you all.'')(6:149) and,

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ リ∠ハ ケ⊥ グ⊥ ぁレャや∠ヱ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ΑΓや ヴ͡レ∇ピゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (But neit her Ayat nor warners benefit t hose who believe not .)(10:101)

- ゲ∃ ム⊥ ルぁ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ネ ͡ やｚギャや ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ メ ｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ゐ ͡ や∠ギ∇ィΙ ｘや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ ゅ⇔バｚゼカ ⊥ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ネ ͡ やｚギャや ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ∠ Β͡バト ͡ ∇ヰョぁ - ゲ∀ ゼ ͡ わ∠ レぁョ ∀キや∠ゲ∠ィ び ゲ∀ ジ ͡ハ ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (6. So wit hdraw from t hem. The Day t hat t he caller will call (t hem) t o a t errible t hing.) (7. They will come fort h, wit h humbled eyes from (t heir) graves as if t hey were locust s spread abroad,) (8. Hast ening t owards t he caller. The disbelievers will say: "This is a hard Day.'')

The terrible End the Disbelievers will meet on the Day of Resurrection Allah t he Exalt ed says, ` O Muhammad, t urn away from t hese people who, when t hey wit ness a miracle, t hey deny it and say t hat t his is cont inuous magic.' Turn away from t hem and wait unt il,

び∃ゲム⊥ ルぁ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ネ ͡ やｚギャや ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day t hat t he caller will call (t hem) t o a t errible t hing.) t o t he Recompense and t he afflict ions, horrors and t remendous hardships t hat it brings fort h,

び∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ ゅ⇔バｚゼカ ⊥ぴ (wit h humbled eyes), t heir eyes will be covered wit h disgrace,

び∀ゲゼ ͡ わ∠ レぁョ ∀キや∠ゲ∠ィ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ゐ ͡ や∠ギ∇ィΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ぴ (t hey will come fort h from (t heir) graves as if t hey were locust s spread abroad.) They will gat her t owards t he area of Reckoning in such hast e and crowds, in response t o t he caller, as if t hey were crowds of locust s spreading all about . Allah said,

び∠リΒ͡バト ͡ ∇ヰョ⊥ ぴ (Hast ening) meaing hurriedly,

び͡ネやｚギャや ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (t owards t he caller.) wit hout being able t o hesit at e or slow down,

び∀ゲジ ͡ハ ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ (The disbelievers will say: "This is a hard Day.''), meaing, ` t his is a hard, t errible, horrifying and dist ressful Day,'

ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ - ∀ゲΒ͡ジ∠ハ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ プ∠ ぴ び ゲ∃ Β͡ジΑ∠ (Truly, t hat Day will be a Hard Day -- far from easy for t he dis- believers.) (74:9-10)

∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ギ∇ら∠ハ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ム∠ プ∠ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ∇ろよ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ぴ ∀ゆヲ⊥ヤ∇ピョ∠ ヴぁルぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ゅ∠ハギ∠ プ∠ - ゲ∠ ィ ͡ キ⊥ ∇コや∠ヱ ∀ラヲ⊥レ∇イョ∠ - ゲ∃ ヨ͡ ヰ∠ ∇レョぁ ￢∃ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ べ∠レ∇エわ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ - ∇ゲダ ͡ わ∠ ルゅ∠プ ∇ギホ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨャや ヴ∠ボわ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プ ゅ⇔ルヲ⊥Βハ ⊥ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ル∇ゲイ ｚ プ∠ ヱ∠ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ - ゲ∃ シ ⊥ キ⊥ ヱ∠ ゥ ∃ ヲ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ れ ͡ や∠ク ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ - ケ∠ ギ͡ ホ⊥ る⇔ Α∠ や￢ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ミゲ∠ ゎｚ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ミ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨャあ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ゅ∠レレ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハほ∠よ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ケ͡ グ⊥ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ͡よや∠グハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ - ゲ∃ ミ͡ ギｚ ョぁ リ͡ョ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ び ゲ∃ ミ͡ ギｚ ョぁ リ͡ョ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ミグあ ヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∇ゲジ ｚ Α∠ (9. The people of Nuh denied (t heir Messenger) before t hem. They rej ect ed Our servant and said: "A madman!'' Wazduj ir.) (10. Then he invoked his Lord (saying): "I have been overcome, so help (me)!'') (11. So, We opened t he gat es of t he heaven wit h wat er Munhamir.) (12. And We caused springs t o gush fort h from t he eart h. So, t he wat ers met for a mat t er predest ined.) (13. And We carried him on a (ship) made of planks and nails (Dusur)) (14. Float ing under Our Eyes, a reward for him who had been rej ect ed!) (15. And indeed, We have left t his as a sign. Then is t here any t hat will remember) (16. Then how (t errible) was My t orment and My warnings) (17. And We have indeed made t he Qur'an easy t o underst and and remember; t hen is t here anyone who will remember)

The Story of the People of Nuh and the Lesson from it Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∇ろよ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ぴ (denied) ` before your people, O Muhammad,'

びゅ∠ルギ∠ ∇らハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ム∠ プ∠ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ぴ (t he people of Nuh. They rej ect ed Our servant ) means, t hey denied him cat egorically and accused him of madness,

び∠ゲィ ͡ キ⊥ ∇コや∠ヱ ∀ラヲ⊥レ∇イ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ

(and said: "A madman!'' Wazduj ir.) Muj ahid said about Wazduj ir: "He was driven out accused on account of madness.'' It was also said t hat Wazduj ir means, he was rebuked, det erred, t hreat ened and warned by his people saying:

び∠リΒ͡ョヲ⊥ィ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ｚ ル∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャ∠ ゥ ⊥ ヲ⊥レΑ ヮ͡ わ∠ ∇レゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ぴ ("If you do not st op O Nuh, you will be among t hose who will be st oned.'') ぴ26:116び This was said by Ibn Zayd, and it is sound.

び ∇ゲダ ͡ わ∠ ルゅ∠プ ∀ゆヲ⊥ヤ∇ピョ∠ ヴぁルぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ゅ∠ハギ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then he invoked his Lord (saying): "I have been overcome, so help (me)!'') meaning, ` I am weak and cannot overcome or resist my people, so help Your religion!' Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び ゲ∃ ヨ͡ ヰ∠ ∇レョぁ ￢∃ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ べ∠レ∇エわ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, We opened t he gat es of t he heaven wit h wat er Munhamir.) As-Suddi said about Munhamir, "It means abundant .''

び⇔ゅルヲ⊥Βハ ⊥ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ル∇ゲイ ｚ プ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We caused springs t o gush fort h from t he eart h.) means, from every part of t he eart h, and even ovens in which fire was burning -- wat er and springs gushed fort h,

び⊥￢べ∠ヨャや ヴ∠ボわ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プぴ (So, t he wat ers met ), means, of t he heaven and t he eart h,

び∠ケギ͡ ホ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (for a mat t er predest ined.) Ibn Jurayj report ed from Ibn ` Abbas:

び ゲ∃ ヨ͡ ヰ∠ ∇レョぁ ￢∃ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ べ∠レ∇エわ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, We opened t he gat es of t he heaven wit h wat er Munhamir), Torrent ial rain, t he only wat er t hat fell from t he sky before t hat day and ever since was from clouds. But t he sky's gat es were opened on t hem t hat day, and t herefore, t he wat er t hat came down was not from clouds. So bot h t he wat ers (of t he eart h and t he heaven) met according t o a mat t er ordained.'' Allah said,

び ゲ∃ シ ⊥ キ⊥ ヱ∠ ゥ ∃ ヲ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ れ ͡ や∠ク ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And We carried him on a (ship) made of planks and nails (Dusur)), Ibn ` Abbas, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Qurazi, Qat adah and Ibn Zayd said t hat Dusur means nails. Ibn Jarir preferred t his view. Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠レレ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハほ∠よ͡ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ぴ (Float ing under Our Eyes), means, ` by Our command and under Our prot ect ion and observat ion,'

び∠ゲ͡ヘミ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨャあ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ぴ (a reward for him who had been rej ect ed!) meaning, as recompense for t hem because of t heir disbelief in Allah and as reward for Nuh, peace be upon him. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び⇔る∠Αや￢ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ミゲ∠ ゎｚ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed, We have left t his as a sign.) Qat adah said, "Allah left t he ship of Nuh int act unt il t he first generat ion of t his Ummah were able t o see it .'' However, it appears t hat t he meaning here is t hat Allah kept ships as a sign. For inst ance, Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ラ ͡ ヲ⊥エ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ｚΑあケク⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ∀る∠Αや∠￢∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らミ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョあ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ∠ヱ (And a sign for t hem is t hat We bore t heir offspring in t he laden ship. And We have creat ed for t hem of t he like t hereunt o, on which t hey ride.)(36:41-42),

- る͡ Α∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ゅ∠ピデ ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ び る∀ Β∠ ハ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ラク⊥ ぺ⊥ べ∠ヰΒ∠ バ͡ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠バ∠ ∇イレ∠ ャ͡ (Verily, when t he wat er rose beyond it s limit s, We carried you in t he boat . That We might make it an admonit ion for you and t hat it might be ret ained by t he ret aining ears.)(69:11-12) Allah's st at ement here,

び∃ゲミ͡ ギｚ ョぁ リ͡ョ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then is t here any t hat will remember) means, ` is t here any t hat will receive admonit ion and reminder. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "The Prophet recit ed t o me,

び∃ゲミ͡ ギｚ ョぁ リ͡ョ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ

(Then is t here any t hat will remember)'' Al-Bukhari collect ed a similar Hadit h from ` Abdullah t hat he said, "I recit ed t o t he Prophet (∇モヰ∠ プ∠ リ͡ョ ゲ∃ ミ͡ グｚ ョぁ ) (t hen is t here any t hat will remember) and t he Prophet said,

び∃ゲミ͡ ギｚ ョぁ リ͡ョ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then is t here any t hat will remember)'' Allah's st at ement ,

び ケ͡ グ⊥ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ͡よや∠グハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then how (t errible) was My t orment and My warnings) means, ` how t errible was My t orment t hat I inflict ed on t hose who disbelieved in Me and denied My Messengers, who did not heed t o My warnings How was My help t hat I ext ended t o My Messengers and t he revenge exert ed on t heir behalf,'

びゲ͡ ∇ミグあ ヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∇ゲジ ｚ Α∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have indeed made t he Qur'an easy t o underst and and remember); meaning, ` We have made t he Qur'an easy t o recit e and comprehend for t hose who seek t hese t rait s, t o remind mankind,' as Allah said,

ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇やヱ⊥ゲよｚ ギｚ Β∠ ャあ ∀ポ∠ゲ⇒∠らョ⊥ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミぴ びょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΙ ｘ や ヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ∠ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ((This is) a Book which We have sent down t o you, full of blessings, t hat t hey may ponder over it s Ayat , and t hat men of underst anding may remember.)(38:29),

ヮ͡ よ͡ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇レゎ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ゲ∠ ゼ あ ら∠ わ⊥ ャ͡ マ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ジヤ∠よ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲジ ｚ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ び や⇔ギ∂ ャぁ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ (So We have made t his (t he Qur'an) easy in your own t ongue, only t hat you may give glad t idings t o t hose who have Taqwa and warn wit h it t he most quarrelsome people.)(19:97) Allah said,

び∃ゲミ͡ ギｚ ョぁ リ͡ョ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t hen is t here any t hat will remember), meaning, ` is t here anyone who will remember t hrough t his Qur'an, which We made easy t o memorize and easy t o underst and' Muhammad bin Ka` b AlQurazi comment ed on t his Ayah, "Is t here anyone who will avoid evil''

ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べｚル͡ま - ケ͡ グ⊥ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ͡よや∠グハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ∀キゅ∠ハ ∇ろよ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ぴ - ゲｙ ヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ジョぁ ザ ∃ ∇エル∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ͡プ や⇔ゲ∠タ∇ゲタ ∠ ゅ⇔エΑ͡ケ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ゲ∃ バ͡ ボ∠ レぁョ モ ∃ ∇ガル∠ コ⊥ ゅ∠イ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ネ ⊥ ゴ͡ レ∠ゎ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ミグあ ヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ゅル∠ ∇ゲジ ｚ Α∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ケ͡ グ⊥ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ͡よや∠グハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ び ゲ∃ ミ͡ ギｚ ョぁ リ͡ョ (18. ` Ad denied; t hen how was My t orment and My warnings) (19. Verily, We sent against t hem a violent ly cold (Sarsar) wind on a day of calamit y, cont inuous.) (20. Plucking out men as if t hey were uproot ed st ems of dat e palms.) (21. Then, how was My t orment and My warnings) (22. And We have indeed made t he Qur'an easy t o underst and and remember; t hen is t here any t hat will remember)

The Story of ` Ad Allah states that ` Ad, the People of Hud, denied their Messenger, just as the people of Nuh did. So, Allah sent on t hem,

び⇔やゲ∠タ∇ゲタ ∠ ゅ⇔エΑ͡ケ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ぴ (against t hem a violent ly cold (Sarsar) wind), means, a bit t erly cold and furious wind,

び∃ザ∇エル∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ͡プぴ (on a day of calamit y), against t hem, according t o Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah and As-Suddi,

びｘゲヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ジョぁ ぴ (cont inuous), upon t hem because t he calamit y, t orment and dest ruct ion t hat t hey suffered in t his life on t hat day cont inued wit h t hat of t he Hereaft er,

び ゲ∃ バ͡ ボ∠ レぁョ モ ∃ ∇ガル∠ コ⊥ ゅ∠イ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ネ ⊥ ゴ͡ レ∠ゎぴ (Plucking out men as if t hey were uproot ed st ems of dat e palms.) The wind would pluck one of t hem and raise him high, unt il he could no longer be seen, and t hen violent ly send him down on his head t o t he ground. His head would be smashed and only his body would be left , headless,

ヴ͡よや∠グハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ゲ∃ バ͡ ボ∠ レぁョ モ ∃ ∇ガル∠ コ⊥ ゅ∠イ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ぴ ゲ∃ ミ͡ ギｚ ョぁ リ͡ョ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ミグあ ヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∇ゲジ ｚ Α∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ケ͡ グ⊥ ル⊥ ヱ∠ び (as if t hey were uproot ed st ems of dat e palms. Then, how was My t orment and My warnings And We have indeed made t he Qur'an easy t o underst and and remember; t hen is t here any t hat will remember)

や⇔ギ͡ェヱ∠ ゅｚレョあ や⇔ゲ∠ゼよ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ - ケ͡ グ⊥ レぁ ャゅ͡よ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ∇ろよ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ぴ ゲ⊥ ∇ミグあ ャや ヴ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャ￢⊥ ぺ∠ - ゲ∃ バ⊥ シ ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャｚ や⇔ク͡ま べｚル͡ま ヮ⊥ バ⊥ ら͡ ｚわｚル や⇔ギ∠ビ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Β∠シ - ゲ∀ セ ͡ ぺ∠ ∀ゆやｚグ∠ミ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ゅ∠レレ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ る͡ ホ∠ ゅｚレャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤシ ͡ ∇ゲョ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま - ゲ⊥ セ ͡Ι ｘやゆ ⊥ やｚグム∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ ョｚ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ジホ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゃらあ ル∠ ヱ∠ - ∇ゲら͡ ト ∠ ∇タや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇らボ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ケゅ∠プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら∠ エ ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇や∇ヱキ∠ ゅ∠レプ∠ - ゲ∀ ツ ∠ わ∠ ∇エョぁ ゆ ∃ ∇ゲセ ͡ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べｚル͡ま ケ͡ グ⊥ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ͡よや∠グハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ ボ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ヴ∠デゅ∠バわ∠ プ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ヌ ͡ わ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ͡ Β͡ゼヰ∠ ミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムプ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ エ ∠ ∇Βタ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ び ゲ∃ ミ͡ ギｚ ョぁ リ͡ョ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ミグあ ヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∇ゲジ ｚ Α∠ i(23. Thamud denied t he warnings.) (24. And t hey said: "A man, alone among us -- shall we follow him Truly, t hen we should be in error and dist ress!'') (25. "Is it t hat t he Reminder is sent t o him alone from among us Nay, he is an insolent liar!'') (26. Tomorrow t hey will come t o know who is t he liar, t he insolent one!) (27. Verily, We are sending t he she-camel as a t est for t hem. So wat ch t hem, and be pat ient !) (28. And inform t hem t hat t he wat er is t o be shared bet ween (her and) t hem, each one's right t o drink being est ablished (by t urns).) (29. But t hey called t heir comrade and he t ook (a sword) and killed (her).) (30. Then, how was My t orment and My warnings) (31. Verily, We sent against t hem a single Sayhah, and t hey became like st raw AlMuht azir.) (32. And indeed, We have made t he Qur'an easy t o underst and and remember; t hen is t here any t hat will remember)

The Story of Thamud

Allah st at es here t hat t he people of Thamud denied t heir Messenger Salih,

モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャｚ や⇔ク͡ま べｚル͡ま ヮ⊥ バ⊥ ら͡ ｚわｚル や⇔ギ͡ェヱ∠ ゅｚレョあ や⇔ゲ∠ゼよ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ び ゲ∃ バ⊥ シ ⊥ ヱ∠ (And t hey said: "A man, alone among us -- shall we follow him Truly, t hen we should be in error and dist ress!'') They said, ` We would have earned failure and loss if we all submit t ed t o a man from among us.' They were amazed t hat t he Reminder was sent t o him alone among t hem, and t herefore, accused him of being a liar,

び∀ゲ͡セ∠ぺ ∀ゆやｚグ∠ミ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay, he is an insolent liar!), means, he has t resspassed t he limit s in his lies. Allah t he Exalt ed responded,

び ゲ⊥ セ ͡Ι ｘやゆ ⊥ やグｚ ム∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ ョｚ や⇔ギ∠ビ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΒ∠ シ ∠ぴ (Tomorrow t hey will come t o know who is t he liar, t he insolent one!), t hus warning and t hreat ening t hem and delivering a sure promise t o t hem,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ る͡ ホ∠ ゅｚレャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤシ ͡ ∇ゲョ⊥ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We are sending t he she-camel as a t est for t hem.) To t est and t ry t he people of Thamud, Allah sent t o t hem a superb, pregnant female camel t hat emerged from solid rock, according t o t heir request , so t hat it would become a proof against t hem from Allah, t he Exalt ed. Thereaft er, t hey were supposed t o believe in what was brought t o t hem by Salih, peace be upon him. Allah ordered His servant and Messenger Salih,

び∇ゲら͡ ト ∠ ∇タや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇らボ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ケゅ∠プぴ (So wat ch t hem, and be pat ient !) Allah commanded, ` await , O Salih, and see what will become of t hem and be pat ient ; verily t he bet t er end will be yours and you will have success in t his life and t he Hereaft er,'

び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ジホ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゃらあ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And inform t hem t hat t he wat er is t o be shared bet ween t hem) one day for her t o drink and one day for t hem t o drink,

ュ∃ ヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ⊥ ∇ゲセ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゆ∇ゲ͡セ ゅ∠ヰャｚ ∀る∠ホゅ∠ル ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ び (He said: "Here is a she-camel: it has a right t o drink, and you have a right t o drink (wat er) on a day, known.'') (26:155) Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ゲツ ∠ わ∠ ∇エョぁ ゆ ∃ ∇ゲセ ͡ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ (each one's right t o drink being est ablished.) Muj ahid said, "When she did not drink, t hey would drink t he wat er, and when she drank, t hey would drink her milk.'' Allah t he Exalt ed said;

び ゲ∠ ボ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ヴ∠デゅ∠バわ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら∠ エ ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇や∇ヱキ∠ ゅ∠レプ∠ ぴ (But t hey called t heir comrade and he t ook and killed.) According t o t he Scholars of Tafsir, his name was Qudar bin Salif; he was t he evilest among t hem,

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ボ∇セぺ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ ルや ク͡ ま͡ぴ (When t he most wicked man among t hem went fort h (t o kill t he she-camel).)(91:12) Allah said here,

びヴ∠デゅ∠バわ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and he t ook) meaning t o harm,

び ケ͡ グ⊥ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ͡よや∠グハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ ボ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and killed (her). Then, how was My t orment and My warnings), ` I t orment ed t hem, so how was t he t orment I sent on t hem because of t heir disbe- lief in Me and denying My Messenger'

ユ͡ Β͡ゼヰ∠ ミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムプ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ エ ∠ ∇Βタ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べｚルま͡ぴ び ゲ͡ ヌ ͡ わ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Verily, We sent against t hem a single Sayhah, and t hey became like st raw Al-Muht azir.) They all perished and none of t hem remained. They were no more, t hey died out , j ust as plant s and grass dry and die out . As-Suddi said t hat t hey became like t he dry grass in t he desert when it becomes burned and t he wind scat t ers it all about . Ibn Zayd said, "The Arabs used t o erect fences (Hizar, from which t he word, Al-Muht azir, is derived) made of dried bushes, around t heir camels and cat t le, so Allah said,

び͡ゲヌ ͡ わ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ͡ Β͡ゼヰ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (like st raw Al-Muht azir.)

∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べｚル͡ま - ケ͡ グ⊥ レぁ ャゅ͡よ ヅ ∃ ヲ⊥ャ ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ろよ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ぴ ∇リョあ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇バルあ - ゲ∃ エ ∠ジ ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ｚ ルｚ ヅ ∃ ヲ⊥ャ メ ∠へΙ ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ら͡ダ⇒∠ェ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ グ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ゲ∠ ム∠ セ ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ルギ͡ レ͡ハ ヮ͡ ヘ͡ ∇Βッ ∠ リ∠ハ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥キヱ∠ や∠ケ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ケ͡ グ⊥ レぁ ャゅ͡よ ∇や∇ヱケ∠ ゅ∠ヨわ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠レわ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇トよ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ケ͡ グ⊥ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ͡よや∠グハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ べ∠レ∇ジヨ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡よや∠グハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ - ゲｘ ボ͡ わ∠ ∇ジョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ ユヰ⊥ エ ∠ らｚ タ ∠ ゲ∃ ミ͡ ギｚ ョぁ リ͡ョ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ミグあ ヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∇ゲジ ｚ Α∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ケ͡ グ⊥ ル⊥ ヱ∠ び (33. The people of Lut denied t he warnings.) (34. Verily, We sent against t hem Hasib (a violent st orm of st ones), except t he family of Lut , t hem We saved in t he last hour of t he night ,) (35. As a favor from Us. Thus do We reward him who gives t hanks.) (36. And he indeed had warned t hem of Our punishment , but t hey doubt ed t he warnings!) (37. And t hey indeed sought t o shame his guest s. So, We blinded t heir eyes (saying), "Then t ast e you My t orment and My warnings.'') (38. And verily, an abiding t orment seized t hem early in t he morning.) (39. Then t ast e you My t orment and My warnings.) (40. And indeed, We have made t he Qur'an easy t o underst and and remember; t hen is t here any t hat will remember)

The Story of the People of the Prophet Lut Allah t he Exalt ed st at es t hat t he people of Lut defied and denied t heir Messenger and commit t ed sodomy, t he awful immoral sin t hat no people in t he hist ory of mankind had commit t ed before. This is why Allah dest royed t hem wit h a t ype of t orment t hat He never inflict ed upon any nat ion before t hem. Allah t he Exalt ed commanded Jibril, peace be upon him, t o raise t heir cit ies t o t he sky and t hen t urn t hem upside down over t hem, followed by st ones made of marked Sij j il. So He said here:

ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ｚ ルｚ ヅ ∃ ヲ⊥ャ メ ∠へ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ら͡ダ⇒∠ェ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べｚルま͡ぴ び ゲ∃ エ ∠ジ ∠ よ͡ (Verily, We sent against t hem Hasib (a violent st orm of st ones) except t he family of Lut , t hem We saved in t he last hour of t he night .) They left t he cit y in t he last part of t he night and were saved from t he t orment t hat st ruck t heir people, none of whom believed in Lut . And even Lut 's wife suffered t he same end as her people. Allah's Prophet Lut left Sodom wit h his daught ers in safet y, unharmed. Allah said,

びゅ∠レわ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇トよ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ グ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ム∠ セ ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Thus do We reward him who gives t hanks. And he indeed had warned t hem of Our punishment ,) meaning, before t he t orment st ruck his people, he warned t hem of Allah's t orment and punishment . They did not heed t he warning, nor list en t o Lut , but inst ead doubt ed and disput ed t he warning.

び͡ヮヘ͡ ∇Βッ ∠ リ∠ハ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥キヱ∠ や∠ケ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey indeed sought t o shame his guest s) t hat is t he night t he angels Jibril, Mika'il and Israfil came t o him in t he shape of handsome young men, as a t est from Allah for Lut 's people. Lut host ed his guest s, while his wife, t he evil old one, sent a message t o her people informing t hem of Lut 's guest s. They came t o him in hast e from every direct ion, and Lut had t o close t he door in t heir faces. They came during t he night and t ried t o break t he door; Lut t ried t o fend t hem off, while shielding his guest s from t hem, saying,

び∠リΒ͡ヤバ͡ ⇒プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ラ͡ま ヴ͡ゎゅ∠レよ∠ ￢͡ Γ⊥ぽ⇒∠ワぴ (These are my daught ers, if you must act (so).) (15:71), in reference t o t heir women,

びｙペェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゅ∠ョ ろ ∠ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "Surely, you know t hat we have neit her any desire nor need of your daught ers!'')(11:79), meaning, ` we do not have any desire for women,'

び⊥ギΑ͡ゲル⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バわ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and indeed you know well what we want !)(11:79) When t he sit uat ion became serious and t hey insist ed on coming in, Jibril went out t o t hem and st ruck t heir eyes wit h t he t ip of his wing, causing t hem t o lose t heir sight . They went back feeling for t he walls t o guide t hem, t hreat ening Lut wit h what would befall him in t he morning. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び ゲｘ ボ͡ わ∠ ∇ジョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ ユ⊥ヰエ ∠ らｚ タ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, an abiding t orment seized t hem early in t he morning.) meaning, a t orment t hat t hey had no way of escaping or avoiding,

ゲ͡ ∇ミグあ ヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∇ゲジ ｚ Α∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ケ͡ グ⊥ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ͡よや∠グハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ ぴ び ゲ∃ ミ͡ ギｚ ョぁ リ͡ョ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ (Then t ast e you My t orment and My warnings. And indeed, We have made t he Qur'an easy t o underst and and remember; t hen is t here any t hat will remember)

ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ - ケ⊥ グ⊥ ぁレャや ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ∠ や∠￢ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ⇒ｚヘミ⊥ ぺ∠ - ケ∃ ギ͡ わ∠ ∇ボョぁ ゴ∃ Α͡ゴハ ͡ グ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グカ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤあミ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - ゲ͡ よ⊥ ゴぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ∀り∠￢へ∠ゲ∠よ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇リョあ ∠ラヲぁャ∠ヲΑ⊥ ∠ヱ ノ⊥ ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ゴ∠ ∇ヰΒ⊥ シ ∠ - ゲ∀ ダ ͡ わ∠ レぁョ ∀ノΒ͡ヨィ ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヴ∠ワ∇キぺ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや モ ͡ よ∠ - ゲ∠ よ⊥ ギぁ ャや び ゲぁ ョ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ (41. And indeed, warnings came t o t he people of Fir` awn.) (42. (They) denied all Our signs, so We seized t hem wit h a punishment of t he Almight y, All-Capable.) (43. Are your disbelievers bet t er t han t hese Or have you immunit y in t he Divine Script ures) (44.Or say t hey: "We are a great mult it ude, vict orious'') (45. Their mult it ude will be put t o flight , and t hey will show t heir backs.) (46. Nay, but t he Hour is t heir appoint ed t ime, and t he Hour will be more grievous and more bit t er.)

The Story of Fir` awn and His People Allah t he Exalt ed narrat es t o us t he st ory of Fir` awn and his people. A Messenger came t o t hem from Allah, Musa support ed by his brot her Harun. Their Messengers delivered good news if t hey believe, and a warning if t hey rej ect ed t he Message. Allah support ed Musa and Harun wit h t remendous miracles and great signs, but Fir` awn and his people rej ect ed all of t hem. Allah t ook t hem t he way t he All-Might y, t he All-Capable would; He dest royed t hem all leaving none surviving t o t ell t he st ory of what happened t o t hem. Advising and Threat ening t he Quraysh Allah said,

び∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ⇒ｚヘミ⊥ ぺ∠ぴ (Are your disbelievers) meaning, ` O idolat ors of t he Quraysh,'

び∇ユム⊥ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇リョあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カぴ (bet t er t han t hese) meaning bet t er t han t he nat ions t hat were ment ioned here, who were dest royed on account of t heir disbelief in t he Messengers and rej ect ing t he Script ures. ` Are you bet t er t han t hese'

び͡ゲよ⊥ ゴぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ∀り∠￢へ∠ゲ∠よ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or have you immunit y in t he Divine Script ures), ` do you have immunit y from Allah t hat t he t orment and punishment will not t ouch you' Allah said about t he Quraysh,

び ゲ∀ ダ ͡ わ∠ レぁョ ∀ノΒ͡ヨィ ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (Or say t hey: "We are a great mult it ude, vict orious'') st at ing t hat t hey believed t hey will support each ot her and t heir great gat hering will avail t hem against t hose who int end t o harm t hem. Allah t he Exalt ed responded,

び ゲ∠ よ⊥ ギぁ ャや ∠ラヲぁャ∠ヲΑ⊥ ∠ヱ ノ⊥ ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ゴ∠ ∇ヰΒ⊥ シ ∠ぴ (Their mult it ude will be put t o flight , and t hey will show t heir backs.) affirming t hat t heir gat hering shall scat t er, and t hey shall be defeat ed. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Prophet , while in a dome-shaped t ent on t he day of t he bat t le of Badr, said,

∇ギら∠ ∇バゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ラま͡ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや ∩∠ポギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ギ∠ ∇ヰハ ∠ ポ ∠ ギ⊥ ゼ ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠» «や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヶ͡プ ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ (O Allah! I ask you for t he fulfillment of Your covenant and promise. O Allah! If You wish (t o dest roy t he believers), You will never be worshipped on t he eart h aft er t oday.) Abu Bakr caught him by t he hand and said, ` This is sufficient , O Allah's Messenger! You have sufficient ly asked and pet it ioned Allah.' The Prophet was clad in his armor at t hat t ime and went out , saying,

る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや モ ͡ よ∠ - ゲ∠ よ⊥ ギぁ ャや ∠ラヲぁャ∠ヲΑ⊥ ∠ヱ ノ⊥ ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ゴ∠ ∇ヰΒ⊥ シ ∠ぴ び ゲぁ ョ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ワ∇キぺ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠

(Their mult it ude will be put t o flight and t hey will show t heir backs. Nay, but t he Hour is t heir appoint ed t ime and t hat Hour will be more grievous and more bit t er.)'' Al-Bukhari also recorded t hat Yusuf bin Mahak said, "I was wit h t he Mot her of t he fait hful, ` A'ishah, when she said, ` When I was st ill a young playful girl in Makkah, t his Ayah was revealed t o Muhammad ,

び ゲぁ ョ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ワ∇キぺ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや モ ͡ よ∠ ぴ (Nay, but t he Hour is t heir appoint ed t ime and t hat Hour will be more grievous and more bit t er.)'' This is t he abridged narrat ion t hat Al-Bukhari collect ed, but he also collect ed a longer narrat ion of it in t he Book of t he Virt ues of t he Qur'an. Muslim did not collect t his Hadit h.

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らエ ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ゲ∃ バ⊥ シ ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ゲ∠ ボ∠ シ ∠ ザ ｚ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥ク ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ヱΙ ｚ ま͡ べ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ -ケ∃ ギ∠ ボ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ￢∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま リ͡ョ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ⇒∠Β∇セぺ∠ べ∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ -ゲ͡ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ウ ∃ ∇ヨヤ∠ミ∠ ゲ∃ Β͡ピタ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヱ∠ -ゲ͡ よ⊥ ゴぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ￢∇ヴセ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヱ∠ -ゲ∃ ミ͡ ギｚ ョぁ ヴ͡プ -ゲ∃ ヰ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ -ゲ∀ ト ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョぁ ゲ∃ Β͡らミ∠ ヱ∠ び-ケ͡ ギ͡ わ∠ ∇ボョぁ マ ∃ Β͡ヤョ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ベ ∃ ∇ギタ ͡ ギ͡ バ∠ ∇ボョ∠ (47. Verily, t he criminals are in error and will burn.) (48. The Day t hey will be dragged on t heir faces int o t he Fire (it will be said t o t hem): "Tast e you t he t ouch of Hell!'') 6(49. Verily, We have creat ed all t hings wit h Qadar.) (50. And Our commandment is but one as t he t winkling of an eye.) (51. And indeed, We have dest royed your likes; t hen is t here any t hat will remember) (52. And everyt hing t hey have done is not ed in Az-Zubur.) (53. And everyt hing, small and large, is writ t en down.) (54. Verily, t hose who have Taqwa, will be in t he midst of Gardens and Rivers.) (55.In a seat of t rut h, near t he Muqt adir King.)

The Destination of the Criminals Allah t he Exalt ed st at es t hat t he criminals are misguided away from t he t rut h and engulfed in confusion, because of t he doubt s and uncert aint y t hey are in. This descript ion befit s every disbeliever and innovat or of all t ypes and forms of sect s. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らエ ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ

(The Day t hey will be dragged on t heir faces int o t he Fire), meaning, j ust as t hey were consumed in doubt , suspicion and hesit at ion, t hey ended up in t he Fire. And j ust as t hey were misguided, t hey will end up being dragged on t heir faces, unaware of where t hey will be t aken. They will be admonished and crit icized,

び∠ゲボ∠ シ ∠ ザ ｚ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥クぴ ("Tast e you t he t ouch of Hell!'')

Everything was created with Qadar Allah's st at ement ,

び ケ∃ ギ∠ ボ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We have creat ed all t hings wit h Qadar.) is similar t o several ot her Ayat ,

び⇔やゲΑ͡ギ∇ボゎ∠ ロ⊥ ケ∠ ギｚ ボ∠ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (He has creat ed everyt hing, and has measured it exact ly according t o it s due measurement s (Faqaddarahu Taqdir).) (25:2) and,

- ンｚヲジ ∠ プ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや - ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ∂やマ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ∠ ∇シや ウ ͡ らあ シ ∠ぴ び ン∠ギヰ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱ (Glorify t he Name of your Lord, t he Most High. Who has creat ed (everyt hing), and t hen proport ioned it . And Who has measured (Qaddara) and t hen guided.)(87:1-3), i.e., He measured out t he t ot al sum (Qadar) of everyt hing and t hen guided t he creat ion t o it . The Imams of t he Sunnah relied on t his honorable Ayah as evidence t hat Allah creat ed t he creat ion wit h dest ined limit s before t hey were creat ed. He knew everyt hing t hat will occur before it occurred and recorded everyt hing t hat will occur, before t hey occurred. They used t his Ayah and similar Ayat and Hadit hs t o refut e t he Qadariyyah sect , who st art ed t heir sect during t he lat t er t ime of t he Companions. I ment ioned t his subj ect in det ail in my explanat ion on t he chapt er on fait h of Sahih Al-Bukhari. I will ment ion here some Hadit hs pert aining t o t his honorable Ayah. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "The idolat ors of t he Quraysh came t o t he Messenger of Allah arguing wit h him and discount ing t he Qadar. This Ayah was revealed,

∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥ク ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らエ ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び ケ∃ ギ∠ ボ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま - ゲ∠ ボ∠ シ ∠ ザ ｚ ョ∠

(The Day t hey will be dragged on t heir faces int o t he Fire: "Tast e you t he t ouch of Hell!'' Verily, We have creat ed all t hings wit h Qadar.)'' Muslim, At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah collect ed t his Hadit h. Al-Bazzar recorded t hat ` Amr bin Shu` ayb said t hat his fat her narrat ed t hat his grandfat her said, "These Ayat were revealed about t hose who deny Al-Qadar,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らエ ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ゲ∃ バ⊥ シ ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ゲ∠ ボ∠ シ ∠ ザ ｚ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥ク ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ び ケ∃ ギ∠ ボ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, t he criminals are in error and will burn. The Day t hey will be dragged on t heir faces int o t he Fire: "Tast e you t he t ouch of Hell!'' Verily, We have creat ed all t hings wit h Qadar.)'' Ibn Abi Hat im also recorded t hat Zurarah said t hat his fat her said t hat t he Prophet recit ed t his Ayah,

∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥ク ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らエ ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び ケ∃ ギ∠ ボ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま - ゲ∠ ボ∠ シ ∠ ザ ｚ ョ∠ ("Tast e you t he t ouch of Hell!'' Verily, We have creat ed all t hings wit h Qadar.) and t hen said,

ゲ͡ カ ͡ へ ヶプ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ サ ∃ ゅ∠ルぺ⊥ ヶ͡プ ∇ろャ∠ゴ∠ ル∠ » «ぶや ケ͡ ギ∠ ボ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ Α⊥ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ョゴｚ ャや (These Ayat were revealed about some members of my Ummah. They will come before t he end of t ime and deny Al-Qadar.) At a' bin Abi Rabah said, "I went t o Ibn ` Abbas and found him drawing wat er from t he well of Zamzam. The bot t om of his clot hes were wet wit h t he wat er of Zamzam and I said t o him, ` They t alked about Al-Qadar (some denied it ).' He asked, ` Have t hey done t his' I said, ` Yes.' He said, ` By Allah! This Ayah was revealed only about t hem,

∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥ク ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らエ ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び ケ∃ ギ∠ ボ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま - ゲ∠ ボ∠ シ ∠ ザ ｚ ョ∠ ("Tast e you t he t ouch of Hell!'' Verily, We have creat ed all t hings wit h Qadar.) They are t he worst members of t his Ummah. Do not visit t hose who fall ill among t hem or pray t he Funeral prayer for t hose among t hem who die. If I saw one of t hem, I would pluck out his eyes wit h t hese t wo fingers of mine.''' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Nafi` said, " ` Abdullah bin ` Umar had a friend in t he area of Ash-Sham who used t o writ e t o him. ` Abdullah bin ` Umar wrot e t o him, ` I was t old t hat you st art ed t alking about Al-Qadar. Therefore, do not dare writ e t o me any more. I heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

«ケ∠ギボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ Α⊥ ∀ュや∠ヲ∇ホ∠ぺ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ヶ͡プ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ シ ∠» (There will be some members of my Ummah who will deny Al-Qadar.)'' Abu Dawud collect ed t his Hadit h from Ahmad bin Hanbal. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ザ∇Βム∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゴ⊥ ∇イバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∇わェ ∠ ケ∃ ギ∠ ボ∠ よ͡ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ » (Every t hing is predet ermined, even laziness and int elligence.) Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h using a chain of narrat ion t hrough Imam Malik. There is also an aut hent ic Hadit h in which t he Messenger of Allah said,

:∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ∀ゲ∇ョ∠ぺ マ ∠ よ∠ ゅタ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩∇ゴ∠イ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ∇リバ͡ わ∠ ∇シや» ろ ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ ヶあルぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ :∇モボ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠モバ∠ プ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ «ラゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや モ ∠ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ウ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩や∠グミ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムャ∠ や∠グミ∠ (Seek t he help of Allah and do not succumb t o feebleness. And when an afflict ion st rikes you, say, "Allah has decreed t his, and He does as He wills.'' Do not say, "Had I done t his or t hat , t his or t hat would have happened, because "if'' opens t he door wide for t he work of Ash-Shayt an.)'' In a Hadit h from ` Abbas, t he Messenger of Allah said t o him,

ポ ∠ ヲ⊥バヘ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥バヨ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや ヲ͡ ャ∠ る∠ ョｚ ほ⊥∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ» やヲ⊥バヨ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや ヲ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ポヲ⊥バヘ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ∇らわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∩∃￢∇ヶゼ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユャ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ∇らわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∩∃￢∇ヶゼ ∠ よ͡ ポ ∠ ヱぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ «ブ⊥エダ ぁ ャや ろ ͡ Α∠ ヲ͡ デ ⊥ ヱ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤ∇ホほ∠∇ャや ろ ͡ ヘｚ ィ ∠ ∩∠ポヱぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ (Know t hat if t he Ummah were t o all gat her t heir st rengt h t o cause you some benefit t hat Allah has not decreed for you, t hey will never be able t o bring you t hat benefit . And if t hey gat her t heir st rengt h t o bring a harm t o you t hat Allah has not writ t en on you, t hey will never be able t o harm you. The pens have gone dry and t he Books of Record have been closed.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ubadah bin Al-Walid bin Ubadah said t hat his fat her said t o him, "I went t o ` Ubadah when he was ill, and I t hought t hat he was going t o die. So I said, ` O my fat her, advise us and make t he best effort in t his regard.' He said, ` Help me sit up,' and when he was helped up, he said, ` O my son! Know t hat you will not t ast e t he delight of Fait h or earn t rue knowledge in Allah unt il you believe in Al-Qadar, t he good and t he not so good part s of it .' I asked, ` O my fat her! How can I know (or believe in) Al-Qadar, t he good and t he not so good part s of it ' He said, ` When you know t hat what has missed you, would never have come t o you and what has befallen you would never have missed you. O my son! I heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

∩∇ょわ⊥ ∇ミや :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥ユヤ∠ボ∠ ∇ャや ぶ ⊥ やペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∀リ͡もゅ∠ミ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヶ͡プ ン∠ゲイ ∠ プ∠ «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや (The first t hing Allah creat ed was t he Pen, right aft er t hat commanded it , ` Record!' and t he Pen recorded everyt hing t hat will occur unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion.) O my son! If you die not having t his belief, you will ent er t he Hellfire.''' At -Tirmidhi also recorded it and said: "Hasan Sahih Gharib.'' It is confirmed in Sahih Muslim from ` Abdullah bin ` Amr t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ペ ∠ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ Α͡キゅ∠ボョ∠ ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» «る∠レシ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ジ∇ヨガ ∠ よ͡ チ ∠ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ れ ͡ や∠ヲヨｚジャや (Verily, Allah recorded t he measurement s for t he creat ures fift y t housand years before He creat ed t he heavens and eart h.) Ibn Wahb added,

び͡￢べ∠ヨ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ セ ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And His Throne was over t he wat er.)(11:7) At -Tirmidhi also recorded it , and he said: "Hasan, Sahih Gharib.''

A Warning to beware of Allah's Threats Allah said,

び ゲ͡ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ウ ∃ ∇ヨヤ∠ミ∠ り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And Our commandment is but one as t he t winkling of an eye.) This is informat ion about t he execut ion of His will in His creat ion, j ust as He informed us t he execut ion of His decree in t hem,

び∀りギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And Our commandment is but one) meaning, ` We only command a t hing once, wit hout needing t o repeat t he command; and what ever We command comes t o exist ence fast er t han t he blinking of an eye wit hout any delay, not even for an inst ant .' Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ⇒∠Β∇セぺ∠ べ∠レ∇ム∠ヤ∇ワ∠ぺ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed, We have dest royed your likes), i.e. t he earlier nat ions who denied t heir Messengers,

び∃ゲミ͡ ギｚ ョぁ リ͡ョ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t hen is t here any t hat will remember) meaning, is t here any t hat will receive admonit ion by remembering t he humiliat ion and t orment t hat Allah decreed for t hem

モ ∠ バ͡ プ⊥ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ェヱ∠ ぴ び⊥モ∇らホ∠ リあョ ユ͡ヰバ͡ ⇒∠Β∇セほ∠よ͡ (And a barrier will be set bet ween t hem and t hat which t hey desire, as was done in t he past wit h t he people of t heir kind.)(34:54) Allah's st at ement ,

び ゲ͡ よ⊥ ゴぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And everyt hing t hey have done is not ed in Az-Zubur.) meaning, everyt hing t hey did is recorded in t he Books of Record ent rust ed t o t he angels, peace be upon t hem,

び∃ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ Β͡ピタ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And everyt hing, small and large,) meaning, of t heir act ions,

び∀ゲト ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョぁ ぴ (is writ t en down.) everyt hing t hat t hey do is recorded and writ t en in t heir Record of deeds, which leave not hing, whet her large or small, but it is recorded and count ed. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` A'ishah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩͡ゆヲ⊥ルグぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠ゲボｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ ポ ͡ ゅｚΑま͡ る⊥ ゼ ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ハ ゅ∠Α» «ゅ⇔らャ͡ゅ∠デ ぶ ͡ や (O ` A'ishah! Beware of small sins, because t here is someone assigned by Allah who records t hem.) An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah also collect ed t his Hadit h.

The Good End for Those with Taqwa Allah said,

び ゲ∃ ヰ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who have Taqwa, will be in t he midst of Gardens and Rivers.), unlike t he end t hat t he miserable are facing, loss, confusion and being dragged in t he Fire on t heir faces, as well as being disgraced, punished and t hreat ened. Allah said,

び∃ベ∇ギタ ͡ ギ͡ バ∠ ∇ボョ∠ ヴ͡プぴ (In a seat of t rut h,) in t he Dwelling of Allah's honor, encompassed by His pleasure, favors, bount ies, generosit y and compassion,

び͡ケギ͡ わ∠ ∇ボョぁ マ ∃ Β͡ヤョ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハぴ (near t he Muqt adir King.) meaning wit h t he Magnificent King Who creat ed everyt hing and measured it s dest iny; He is able t o grant t hem what ever t hey wish and ask for. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said t hat t he Prophet said,

∇リハ ∠ ケ∃ ヲ⊥ル ∇リョ͡ ゲ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥トジ ͡ ∇ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや» ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∩∀リΒ͡ヨΑ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ ゅわ∠ ∇ヤミ͡ ヱ∠ リ ͡ ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ Β͡ヨΑ∠ «やヲ⊥ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ムェ ⊥ ヶ͡プ (Verily, t he j ust will be wit h Allah on podiums of light , t o t he right of Ar-Rahman, and bot h of His Hands are right . They are t hose who are j ust and fair in t heir j udgement and wit h t heir families and t hose whom t hey are responsible for.) Muslim and An-Nasa'i also recorded t his Hadit h. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surah Iqt arabat (Al-Qamar). All praise and t hanks are due t o Allah, and success and immunit y from error come from Him.

The Tafsir of Surat Ar-Rahman (Chapter - 55) Which was revealed in Makkah The Introduction to Surat Ar-Rahman Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Zirr said t hat a man said ぴt o Ibn Mas` udび: "How is t his recit ed: "Ma'in Ghayri Yasin or Asin'' He asked him, "Are you t hat proficient in recit ing t he whole Qur'an'' He replied, "I recit e t he Mufassal sect ion in one Rak` ah.'' So he said, "Woe t o you! Do you recit e

t he Qur'an in hast e, as if it is poet ry I know t hat t he Prophet used t o recit e t wo Surahs from t he beginning of t he Mufassal sect ion (in one Rak` ah).'' And Ibn Mas` ud considered Surat Ar-Rahman t o be t he beginning of t he Mufassal sect ion. Abu ` Isa At -Tirmidhi recorded t hat Jabir said, "The Messenger of Allah went t o his Companions and recit ed Surat Ar-Rahman from beginning t o end for t hem, but t hey did not say anyt hing. The Prophet said,

リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムプ∠ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや る∠ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ⊥ ∇ぺゲ∠ ホ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠» :ヮ͡ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ∩∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ や⇔キヱ⊥キ∇ゲョ∠ びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ぴ マ ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ ゆ ⊥ あグム∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ マ ∠ ヨ͡ バ∠ ル͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢∃ ∇ヶゼ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ャ :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ «ギ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや (I recit ed it t o t he Jinns, on t he night of t he Jinns and t heir response was bet t er t han yours! Whenever I recit ed Allah's st at ement : (Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny)( They said, "None of Your favors do we deny, our Lord! All praise is due t o you.'') At Tirmidhi recorded it and he said, "This Hadit h is Gharib.'' Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bazzar also collect ed t his Hadit h. Abu Ja` far Ibn Jarir recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah recit ed Surat Ar-Rahman, or it was recit ed before him, and he said,

«∨∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ヰよあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ゅ⇔よや∠ヲィ ∠ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ リ ｚイ ͡ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ヶ ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ョ» (Why do I hear t he Jinn giving a bet t er response t o t heir Lord t han you) They said, "Why is t hat , O Allah's Messenger'' He said,

:ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ͡ やメ ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ» びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ぴ «ゆあグム∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ユ͡ バ∠ ル͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢∃ ∇ヶゼ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ャ :リ ぁイ ͡ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホ ゅｚャま͡ (Whenever I recit ed t he st at ement of Allah t he Exalt ed, (Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny)( The Jinn responded by saying, "None of t he favors of our Lord do we deny.'')'' Al-Hafiz Al-Bazzar also collect ed t his Hadit h.

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ

In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ -リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ -ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ユ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ -リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャやぴ ユ⊥ ∇イレｚ ャや∠ヱ - ラ ∃ ゅ∠ら∇ジエ ⊥ よ͡ ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや - ラ ∠ ゅ∠Βら∠ ャや ノ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠バ∠プ∠ケ ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ - ラ ͡ や∠ギイ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ゲ⊥ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ͡ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇や∇ヲピ∠ ∇トゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ - ラ ∠ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ∇コヲ∠ ∇ャや ュ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ミΙ ｘやれ ⊥ や∠ク モ ⊥ ∇ガレｚ ャや∠ヱ る∀ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠プ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ - ュ͡ ゅ∠ルΚ ｘ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヰバ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ - ラ ⊥ ゅ∠エ∇Αゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ブ ͡ ∇ダバ∠ ∇ャや ヱ⊥ク ょ ぁ エ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ (1. Ar-Rahman!) (2. He has t aught t he Qur'an.) (3. He creat ed man.) (4. He t aught him AlBayan.) (5. The sun and t he moon (run) on fixed courses.) (6. And t he Naj m and t he t rees prost rat ing.) (7. And t he heaven He has raised high, and He has set up t he balance.) (8. In order t hat you may not t ransgress t he balance.) (9. And observe t he weight wit h equit y and do not make t he balance deficient .) (10. And t he eart h He has put down (laid) for Al-An'am.) (11. Therein are fruit s, dat e palms producing Akmam.) (12. And also corn, wit h (it s) ` Asf, and Rayhan.) (13. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny)

Ar-Rahman revealed and taught the Qur'an Allah informs of His favors and His mercy for His creat ures, for He revealed t he Qur'an t o His servant s, He made memorizing and underst anding of it easy for t hose on whom He has best owed His mercy,

ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ -リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ -ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ユ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ -リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャやぴ びラ ∠ ゅ∠Βら∠ ャや (Ar-Rahman! He has t aught t he Qur'an. He creat ed man. He t aught him Al-Bayan.) Al-Hasan said: "Eloquent speech.'' This refers t o Allah t eaching t he Qur'an, t hat is, t eaching t he servant s how t o recit e it by making it easy for t hem t o speak and pronounce let t ers wit h t he various part s of t he mout h, such as t he alveolar bridge, t he t ongue and t he lips

Among Allah's Signs: the Sun, the Moon, the Sky and the Earth

Allah said,

びラ ∃ ゅ∠ら∇ジエ ⊥ よ͡ ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャやぴ (The sun and t he moon (run) on fixed courses.) They move in t heir orbit in perfect succession, according t o precise calculat ion t hat is never delayed nor dist urbed,

モ ⊥ ∇Βｚャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ャや ポ ∠ ケ͡ ∇ギゎ ラ∠ぺ べ∠ヰャ∠ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや Ι ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エら∠ ∇ジΑ∠ マ ∃ ヤ∠プ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ペ ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠シ (It is not for t he sun t o overt ake t he moon, nor does t he night out st rip t he day. They all float , each in an orbit .)(36:40),

ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゅ⇔レ∠ムシ ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゥ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇タΗ ͡や ペ ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠プぴ び ユ͡ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Α͡ギ∇ボゎ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ら∇ジェ ⊥ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ((He is t he) Cleaver of t he daybreak. He has appoint ed t he night for rest ing, and t he sun and t he moon for calculat ing. Such is t he measuring of t he Almight y, t he All-Knowing.) (6:96), Allah said,

びラ ͡ や∠ギイ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ゲ⊥ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ユ⊥ ∇イレｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (And t he Naj m and t he t rees prost rat ing.) Ibn Jarir comment ed, "Scholars of Tafsir disagreed over t he meaning of Allah's st at ement , ` And t he Naj m.' They agreed, however, t hat t he t rees ment ioned here are t hose t hat st and on t runks.''` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "An-Naj m refers t o t he plant s t hat lay on t he ground.'' Similar was said by Sa` id bin Jubayr, As-Suddi and Sufyan At h-Thawri. This is what Ibn Jarir preferred, may Allah have mercy upon him. Muj ahid said, "An-Naj m (t he st ar); t he one t hat is in t he sky.'' Al-Hasan and Qat adah said similarly. This is t he saying t hat is t he most obvious, and Allah knows best , for Allah t he Exalt ed said,

リ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ュ⊥ ヲ⊥イレぁ ャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ び͡サゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ぁ へ∠ヱギｚ ャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ (See you not t hat whoever is in t he heavens and whoever is on t he eart h, and t he sun, and t he moon, and t he st ars, and t he mount ains, and t he t rees, and t he moving creat ures, and many of mankind prost rat e t hemselves t o Allah.)(22:18) Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ノ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠バ∠プ∠ケ ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (And t he heaven He has raised high, and He has set up t he balance.) meaning t he j ust ice, as He said in anot her Ayah,

ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ び͡テ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ュ∠ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ (Indeed, We have sent Our Messengers wit h clear proofs, and sent down wit h t hem t he Book and t he balance t hat mankind may keep up equit y.)(57:25) Allah said here,

びラ ͡ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇や∇ヲピ∠ ∇トゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ぴ (In order t hat you may not t ransgress t he balance.) meaning, He creat ed t he heavens and eart h in j ust ice and t rut h so t hat everyt hing is founded on, and observing, j ust ice and t rut h. Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ∇コヲ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And observe t he weight wit h equit y and do not make t he balance deficient .) meaning, do not cheat in t he weight s and measures, but rat her observe j ust ice and fairness,

び ユ͡ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや サ ͡ ゅ∠ト∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ル͡コ∠ヱぴ (And weigh wit h t he t rue and st raight balance.)(26:182) Allah said,

び ュ͡ ゅ∠ルΚ ｘ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヰバ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱぴ (And t he eart h He has put down (laid) for Al-Ana'm.) Allah raised t he heavens and put down, or laid, t he eart h and balanced it wit h firm mount ains, so t hat it would be st able for it s resident s t hat live on it , i.e. t he various t ypes and kinds of creat ures, different in species, shape, color and language. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Qat adah and Ibn Zayd said t hat Al-An'am means t he creat ures.

び∀る∠ヰ͡ム⇒∠プ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プぴ (Therein are fruit s,) of various colors, t ast e and scent ,

び͡ュゅ∠ヨ∇ミｘΙや れ ⊥ や∠ク モ ⊥ ∇ガレｚ ャや∠ヱぴ

(and dat e palms producing Akmam.) Allah ment ioned t he dat e t ree here specifically because of it s benefit , bot h fresh and dry. Ibn Jurayj report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said said Al-Akmam, means sheat hed fruit st alks. Similar was said by more t han one of t he scholars of Tafsir, it refers t o t he st alks t hat t he seeds grow in t o become a clust er of dat es, unripe green dat es t hen t hey ripen and ripen more. Allah said,

びラ ⊥ ゅ∠エ∇Αゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ブ ͡ ∇ダバ∠ ∇ャや ヱ⊥ク ょ ぁ エ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And also corn, wit h (it s) ` Asf, and Rayhan.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat in,

び͡ブ∇ダバ∠ ∇ャや ヱ⊥ク ょ ぁ エ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And also corn, wit h (it s) ` Asf), ` Asf means st raw.'' Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, "` Asf is green leaves cut from t he st em, so it is called ` Asf when it dries out .'' Similarly, Qat adah, AdDahhak and Abu Malik said t hat ` Asf means st raw. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and ot hers said t hat Rayhan means leaves, while Al-Hasan said t hat it means sweet -scent ed plant s. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Rayhan means green leaves. The meanings here, and Allah knows best , are t he various crops t hat produce st raw, such as wheat and barley, and Rayhan are t he leaves t hat grow on t he st ems.

Mankind is surrounded by Allah's Favors Allah said,

びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ぴ (Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) meaning, "O mankind and Jinn, which of t he favors t hat Allah has given t o you do you deny'' Muj ahid and ot hers said t his, and it is apparent when one reads what comes aft er it . Meaning t he favors t hat are obvious t o you while you are surrounded by t hem, you cannot deny or rej ect t hem. So we say, j ust as t he believers among t he Jinns said, "O Allah! None of Your favors do we deny. All praise is due t o You.'' Ibn ` Abbas used t o say, "Nay, our Lord!'' meaning, "None of Your favors do we deny.''

ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ - ケ͡ ゅｚガヘ∠ ∇ャゅ∠ミ モ ∃ ⇒∠ダ∇ヤタ ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ぴ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ケ∃ ゅｚル リあョ ァ ∃ ケ͡ ゅｚョ リ͡ョ ラ ｚ べ∠イ∇ャや ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βホ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢

-ラ ͡ ゅ∠Βピ͡ ∇らΑ∠ Ι ｚ ォ ∀ コ∠ ∇ゲよ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ -ラ ͡ ゅ∠Βボ͡ わ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ リ ͡ ∇Αゲ∠ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぽ⊥ ャ⊥∇ぽヤぁャや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ -ラ ͡ ゅ∠よグ∂ ム∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よ∂ ケ∠ ￢Γや￢ ン ∂ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ -ラ ͡ ゅ∠よグ∂ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よ∂ ケ∠ ￢∠Ιや￢ ン ∂ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ -ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ィ∇ゲヨ∠ ャや∠ヱ ン ∂ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ -ユ͡ ⇒∠ヤ∇ハ∇Ιゅ∠ミ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ れ ⊥ ゅ∠ゃゼ ∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや ケ͡ や∠ヲイ ∠ ∇ャや び-ラ ͡ ゅ∠よグ∂ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よ∂ ケ∠ ￢Γや￢ (14. He creat ed man from sounding clay like t he clay of pot t ery.) (15. And t he Jinn He creat ed from a smokeless flame of fire.) (16. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) (17. The Lord of t he t wo east s and t he Lord of t he t wo west s.) (18. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) (19. He has Maraj a t he t wo seas meet ing t oget her.) (20. Bet ween t hem is a barrier which none of t hem can t ransgress.) (21. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) (22. Out of t hem bot h come out pearls and AlMarj an.) (23. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) (24. And His are AlJawar Al-Munsha'at , in t he seas like A` lam.) (25. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny)

The Creation of Humans and Jinns Allah ment ions t hat He creat ed mankind from clay, like t hat used in pot t ery, and creat ed t he Jinns from t he t ip of t he flame of a smokeless fire. This was said by Ad-Dahhak from Ibn ` Abbas. It was also said by ` Ikrimah, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan and Ibn Zayd. Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, "From t he best part of t he fire, from it s smokeless flame.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` A'ishah said t hat Allah's Messenger said,

∇リョ͡ ラ ぁ ゅ∠イ∇ャや ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∃ケヲ⊥ル ∇リョ͡ る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ボ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥» «ユ⊥ムャ∠ ブ ∠ タ ͡ ヱ⊥ ゅｚヨョ͡ ュ⊥ キ∠ へ ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∃ケゅ∠ル ∇リョ͡ ァ ∃ ケ͡ ゅ∠ョ (The angels were creat ed from light , t he Jinns from a smokeless flame of fire, and ` Adam from what was described t o you.) Muslim also collect ed t his Hadit h. Allah's st at ement :

びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ぴ (Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) was explained above

Allah is the Lord of the Two Easts and the Two Wests Allah said,

びリ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βホ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ぴ ((He is) t he Lord of t he t wo east s and t he Lord of t he t wo west s.) meaning t he sunrise of summer and wint er and t he sunset of summer and wint er. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び͡ゆゲ͡ ⇒∠ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, I swear by t he Lord of all t he point s of sunrise and sunset in t he east and t he west .)(70:40), referring t o t he different places from which t he sun rises and t hen set s on people every day. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ロ⊥ ∇グガ ͡ ｚゎゅ∠プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ゆ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケｚ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ (The Lord of t he east and t he west ; none has t he right t o be worshipped but He. So t ake Him alone as a t rust ee.)(73:9), referring t o t he different places of sunrise and sunset and t he benefit s t hat t his variat ion brings t o t he creat ed, mankind and Jinns,

びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ぴ (Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny)

Allah created Different Types of Water Allah said,

びラ ͡ ゅ∠Βボ͡ わ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ リ ͡ ∇Αゲ∠ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぴ (He has Maraj a t he t wo seas), or let t hem loose, according t o Ibn ` Abbas. Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ラゅ∠Βボ͡ わ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ぴ (meet ing t oget her.) Ibn Zayd said, "He prevent s t hem from meet ing by t he dividing barrier He placed bet ween t hem t o separat e t hem.'' The t wo seas are t he fresh and salt y wat ers, t he former coming from running rivers. We discussed t his t opic in Surat Al-Furqan when explaining Allah's st at ement ;

∀れや∠ゲプ⊥ ∀ゆ∇グ∠ハ や∠グ⇒∠ワ リ ͡ ∇Αゲ∠ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ や⇔ゲ∇イェ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔カ∠コ∇ゲよ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ァゅ∠ィぺ⊥ ∀ウ∇ヤ͡ョ や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ び や⇔ケヲ⊥イ∇エョｚ (And it is He Who has let free t he t wo seas: one palat able and sweet , and t he ot her salt y and bit t er; and He has set a barrier and a complet e part it ion bet ween t hem.)(25:53) Allah said,

びラ ͡ ゅ∠Βピ͡ ∇らΑ∠ Ι ｚ ォ ∀ コ∠ ∇ゲよ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ぴ (Bet ween t hem is a barrier which none of t hem can t ransgress.) meaning, He has placed a barrier of land bet ween t hese t wo t ypes of wat ers, so t hat t hey do not t ransgress upon each ot her, which would spoil t he charact erist ics t hey were creat ed wit h. Allah said,

びラ ⊥ ゅ∠ィ∇ゲヨ∠ ャや∠ヱ ぽ⊥ ャ⊥∇ぽヤぁャや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ぴ (Out of t hem bot h come out pearls and Al-Marj an. ) pearls are well-known. As for Marj an t hey say it means small pearls. Muj ahid, Qat adah, Abu Ruzayn, Ad-Dahhak said it , and it has also been report ed from ` Ali. It was also said t hat it means large, precious pearls, t his was ment ioned by Ibn Jarir from some of t he Salaf. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded from Ibn ` Abbas who said, "When it rains, t he oyst ers in t he sea open t heir mout hs. What falls in t hem, t he drops, t urns int o pearls.'' It s chain of narrat ors is Sahih. Since t his t ype of adornment is a favor from Allah t o t he people of eart h, He reminded t hem of it ,

びラ ͡ ゅ∠よあグム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ぴ (Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) Allah said,

び⊥れゅ∠ゃゼ ∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや ケ͡ や∠ヲイ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And His are Al-Jawar Al-Munsha'at ), meaning t he ships t hat float ,

び͡ゲ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プぴ (in t he seas), Muj ahid said, "What ever ship hoist s a sail, it is from Munsha'at , if it does not hoist a sail, it is not from t he Munsha'at .'' Qat adah said, "Al-Munsha'at means creat ed.'' Ot hers said t hat it is Al-Munshi'at meaning, "launched.''

び͡ユ⇒∠ヤ∇ハｘΙゅ∠ミぴ

(like A` lam.) This means, t hey are like mount ains wit h t heir great size, and it also refers t o t he t rade and commercial services t hey make possible, t ransport ing cargo from one area t o anot her and from one province t o anot her. Ships provide various benefit s for people, including t ransport ing different t ypes of goods t hey need. Therefore,

びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ぴ (Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny)

ヱ⊥ク マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇らΑ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∃ ゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ュ͡ や∠ゲ∇ミΗ ͡ や∠ヱ モ ͡ ⇒∇ヤイ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚモミ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ほ∠∇ジΑ∠ ぴ びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ラ ∃ ∇ほセ ∠ ヴ͡プ (26. What soever is on it (t he eart h) will perish.) (27. And t he Face of your Lord Dhul-Jalal walIkram will remain forever.) (28. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) (29. Whosoever is in t he heavens and on t he eart h begs of Him. Every day He is (engaged) in some affair!) (30. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny)

Allah is the Ever Living, Free of all Need Allah st at es t hat all t he resident s of eart h will perish and die. The resident s of t he heavens will die, except whomever Allah wills. Only Allah's Honorable Face will remain, because our Lord, t he Exalt ed, t he Blessed, is t he Ever Living Who never dies. Qat adah said, "First , Allah ment ioned His creat ures and t hen He said t hat all of t his will perish.'' And in t he report ed supplicat ion: ` O You t he Ever Living Who sust ains all t hat exist s! O You Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h wit hout precedence. O You, Who Owns t he glory and t he honor, none has t he right t o be worshipped except You. We seek refuge wit h Your mercy. Grant Us success in all of our mat t ers. Please, do not abandon us t o rely on ourselves even for an inst ant nor on any of Your creat ion.'' Ash-Sha` bi said, "When you have recit ed,

びラ ∃ ゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ (What soever is on it (t he eart h) will perish.) do not st op, cont inue reading,

び ュ͡ や∠ゲ∇ミΗ ͡ や∠ヱ モ ͡ ⇒∇ヤイ ∠ ∇ャや ヱ⊥ク マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇らΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he Face of your Lord Dhul-Jalal wal-Ikram will remain forever.)'' This Ayah is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ヮヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∀マ͡ャゅ∠ワ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ (Everyt hing will perish save His Face.)(28:88) In t his Ayah, Allah describes His Noble Face as being Dhul-Jalal wal-Ikram, indicat ing t hat He is Wort hy of being revered, and t hus, never defied; and obeyed, and t hus, never disobeyed,

り͡ や∠ギピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ノ∠ ョ∠ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タや∠ヱぴ び⊥ヮヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ヴ あゼ ͡ バ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (And keep yourself pat ient ly wit h t hose who call on t heir Lord morning and aft ernoon, seeking His Face.)(18:28), And as He said about t hose giving charit y:

び͡ヮヤｚャや ヮ͡ ∇ィヲ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヨ⊥ バ͡ ∇トル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (We feed you seeking Allah's Face only.)(76:9) Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he meaning of DhulJalal wal-Ikram, by saying, "Owner of great ness and pride.'' Aft er Allah st at ed t hat all of t he inhabit ant s of t he eart h will die and end up in t he Hereaft er when He, Dhul-Jalal wal-Ikram, will j udge t hem by His fair j udgement , He said,

びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ぴ (Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) Allah said,

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚモミ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ほ∠∇ジΑ∠ ぴ びラ ∃ ∇ほセ ∠ ヴ͡プ (Whosoever is in t he heavens and on t he eart h begs of Him. Every day He is (engaged) in some affair.) In t his Ayah, Allah affirms t hat He is Rich, Free of all want s for anyone else and t hat all creat ures st and in need of Him, in all condit ions and sit uat ions. They all seek His help willingly or unwillingly. Everyday, He is engaged in some affair. Al-A` mash report ed from Muj ahid, from ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr,

び∃ラ∇ほセ ∠ ヴ͡プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ぴ (Every day He is (engaged) in some affair.) He said, "Of His affairs is t hat He answers t he supplicant , or gives t o t he one request ing, or removing adversit y, or cures t he one seeking t o be cured.''

ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ラ ͡Κ ∠ ボ∠ んｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ パ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ヘレ∠ シ ∠ぴ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ラ ͡ ま͡ ザ ͡ ル͡Ηや∠ヱ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バヨ∠ Α ラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グヘ⊥ ルゅ∠プ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゲ͡ ⇒∠ト∇ホぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グヘ⊥ レ∠ゎ ラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤジ ⊥ よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥グヘ⊥ レ∠ゎ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∀サゅ∠エル⊥ ∠ヱ ケ∃ ゅｚル リあョ ∀ドや∠ヲセ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ⊥シ ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ラ ͡ や∠ゲダ ͡ わ∠ レ∠ゎ (31. We shall at t end t o you, O Thaqalan!) (32. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) (33. O assembly of Jinn and men! If you are able t o pass beyond t he zones of t he heavens and t he eart h, t hen pass beyond (t hem)! But you will never be able t o pass t hem, except wit h aut horit y (from Allah)!) (34. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) (35. There will be sent against you bot h, Shuwaz of fire and Nuhas, and you will not be able t o defend yourselves.) (36. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) ur Lord will you bot h deny)

A Warning for Humans and Jinn Ibn Jurayj said t hat t he Ayah,

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ パ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ヘレ∠ シ ∠ぴ (We shall at t end t o you,) means, ` We shall j udge you,' while Al-Bukhari said t hat it means, "We shall recompense you. Surely, not hing will busy Allah from at t ending t o anyt hing else.'' This t ype of speech pat t ern is common in t he Arabic language. For example, one would say, "I will at t end t o you,'' even when one is not busy wit h anyt hing else. Allah's saying;

び͡ラΚ ∠ ボ∠ んｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ぴ (O you Thaqalan!) refers t o t he humans and t he Jinns, as in t he Hadit h;

«リ∇Βヤ∠ボ∠ んｚ ャや ゅｚャま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ » (Everyone will be able t o hear it , except t he Thaqalayn.) In anot her narrat ion t hat explains it , t he Prophet said,

«リ͡イ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ∠ ∇ルみ͡∇ャや ゅｚャま͡» (...except mankind and t he Jinns.) Allah said,

びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ぴ (Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny), t hen,

∇やヱ⊥グヘ⊥ レ∠ゎ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ラ ͡ ま͡ ザ ͡ ル͡Ηや∠ヱ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バヨ∠ Αぴ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥グヘ⊥ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇やヱグ⊥ ヘ⊥ ルゅ∠プ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゲ͡ ⇒∠ト∇ホぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ びリ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤジ ⊥ よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ (O assembly of Jinn and men! If you are able t o pass beyond t he zones of t he heavens and t he eart h, t hen pass beyond (t hem)! But you will never be able t o pass t hem, except wit h aut horit y (from Allah)!) meaning, ` you will never be able t o escape Allah's orders and decrees, because it encompasses you. You will never be able t o avoid or avert His rule and j udgement over you, you are surrounded by it wherever you may be.' This is also about t he Gat hering when t he angels, comprising seven lines in every direct ion, will surround t he creat ures. None of t he creat ures will be able t o escape on t hat Day,

び∃リ⇒∠ト∇ヤジ ⊥ よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except wit h aut horit y) meaning, except wit h t he commandment from Allah,

- ケ∠ コ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ - ゲぁ ヘ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ び ゲぁ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ (On t hat Day man will say: "Where (is t he refuge) t o flee'' No! There is no refuge! Unt o your Lord will be t he place of rest t hat Day.)(75:10-12),

ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇んヨ͡ よ͡ る∃ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあジ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ∠ほ∠ミ ユ∃ タ ͡ ゅ∠ハ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚョ ∀るャｚ͡ク ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ⊥ ワ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠

マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゅ⇔ヨ͡ヤ∇ヌョ⊥ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔バト ∠ ホ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇ろΒ∠ ゼ ͡ ∇ビぺ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ (And t hose who earned evil deeds, t he recompense of an evil deed is t he like t hereof, and humiliat ing disgrace will cover t hem. No defender will t hey have from Allah. Their faces will be covered as it were wit h pieces from t he darkness of night . They are t he dwellers of Fire, t hey will abide t herein forever.)(10:27) Allah's st at ement ,

Κ ∠ プ∠ ∀サゅ∠エル⊥ ∠ヱ ケ∃ ゅｚル リあョ ∀ドや∠ヲセ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ⊥シ ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ぴ びラ ͡ や∠ゲダ ͡ わ∠ レ∠ゎ (There will be sent against you bot h, Shuwaz of fire and Nuhas, and you will not be able t o defend yourselves.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat Shuwaz is t he flame of fire. Abu Salih said, "It is t he flame above t he fire below t he smoke.'' Ad-Dahhak said,

び∃ケゅｚル リあョ ∀ドや∠ヲセ ⊥ぴ (Shuwaz of fire) "A flood of fire.'' Allah said;

び∀サゅ∠エル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and Nuhas) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas; "The smoke of t he fire.'' Similar was report ed from Abu Salih, Sa` id bin Jubayr and Abu Sinan. Ibn Jarir said t hat t he Arabs used t o call t he smoke of t he fire, Nuhas and Nihas. But he said t hat t he scholars of Qur'anic recit at ion said t hat in t his Ayah, t he word recit ed is Nuhas. Muj ahid said, "Molt en brass poured over t heir heads.'' Qat adah held t he same view. Ad-Dahhak said,"Nuhas is liquid copper.'' The Ayah means, ` if you, mankind and t he Jinns, t ry t o escape on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hen t he angels, including t hose among t hem who guard Hellfire, will bring you back by direct ing smoke of fire and molt en brass on you.' Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ ヘ∠ ル͡ や∠ゲダ ͡ わ∠ レ∠ゎ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and you will not be able t o defend yourselves. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny)

ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ͡ラゅ∠ワギあ ャゅ∠ミ り⇔ キ∠ ∇ケヱ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ろ ͡ ボｚ ゼ ∠ ルや や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢

ン ∂ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ -ラ ｘ べ∠ィ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ザル͡ま ヮ͡ ら͡ ル∠ク リ∠ハ モ ⊥ ゃ∠ ⇒∇ジΑ⊥ Ι ｚ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΒ͡ジよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや フ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ -ラ ͡ ゅ∠よグ∂ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よ∂ ケ∠ ￢Γや￢ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よ∂ ケ∠ ￢Γや￢ ン ∂ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ -ュ͡ や∠ギ∇ホ∇Ιや∠ヱ ヴ͡タや∠ヲレｚ ャゅ͡よ グ⊥ カ ∠ ∇ぽΒ⊥ プ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゆ ⊥ ∂グム∠ Α⊥ ヴ͡わャｚや ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ -ラ ͡ ゅ∠よグ∂ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ￢Γや￢ ン ∂ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ -ラ ∃ や￢ ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プヲ⊥トΑ∠ び-ラ ͡ ゅ∠よグ∂ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よ∂ ケ∠ (37. Then when t he heaven is rent asunder, and it becomes Wardah like Dihan.) (38. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) (39. So, on t hat Day he will not be quest ioned about his sin, (neit her) human nor Jinn.) (40. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) (41. The criminals will be known by t heir marks, and t hey will be seized by t heir foreheads and feet .) (42. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) (43. This is t he Hell which t he criminals denied.) (44. They will go bet ween it and Hamim An!) (45. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny)

The Horrors of the Day of Resurrection Allah said,

び⊥￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ろ ͡ ボｚ ゼ ∠ ルや や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (Then when t he heaven is rent asunder,) on t he Day of Resurrect ion; t his meaning is clear in t his and similar Ayat , such as,

び る∀ Β∠ ワ͡ や∠ヱ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ろ ͡ ボｚ ゼ ∠ ルや∠ヱぴ (And t he heaven will be rent asunder, for t hat Day it (t he heaven) will be frail and t orn up.)(69:16),

る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゴあ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ユ͡ ⇒∠ヨピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ⊥ ボｚ ゼ ∠ ゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Α͡ゴレ∠ゎ (And (remember) t he Day when t he heaven shall be rent asunder wit h clouds, and t he angels will be sent down, wit h a grand descending.)(25:25) and,

び ∇ろボｚ ェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ∇ろル∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ∇ろボｚ ゼ ∠ ルや ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや や∠クま͡ぴ (When t he heaven is split asunder, and list ens t o and obeys it s Lord -- and it must do so.)(84:12) Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ラゅ∠ワギあ ャゅ∠ミ り⇔ キ∠ ∇ケヱ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ぴ (and it becomes Wardah like Dihan.) This means t hey will melt j ust as sediment and silver are melt ed when heat ed. And t hey will be colored, j ust as dies st ain somet hing, somet imes red, somet imes yellow, or blue, or green. This demonst rat es t he ext ent of t he horrors of t he Might y Day of Resurrect ion. As-Suddi said, "It will be as rosy color and as filt h oil.'' Muj ahid said

び͡ラゅ∠ワギあ ャゅ∠ミぴ (like Dihan), "Like t he colors of dyes.'' Allah said;

びラ ｘ べ∠ィ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ザル͡ま ヮ͡ ら͡ ル∠ク リ∠ハ モ ⊥ ⇒∠∇ジΑ⊥ Ι ｚ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So on t hat Day he will not be quest ioned about his sins, (neit her) human nor Jinn.) t his is similar t o His saying;

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ͡ わ∠ ∇バΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ク∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボト ͡ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ び (That will be a Day when t hey shall not speak, and t hey will not be permit t ed t o put fort h any excuse.)(77:35-36) This is t he case at t he t ime, t hen all t he creat ures will be quest ioned about t heir deeds. Allah said;

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚヨハ ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ ヤ∠⇒∠∇ジレ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, by your Lord, We shall cert ainly call all of t hem t o account . For all t hat t hey used t o do.)(15:92-93) Qat adah said, "On t hat t hey will be quest ioned and t hen t heir mout hs will be sealed and t heir hands and feet will reveal what t hey used t o do.'' Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΒ͡ジよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや フ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ぴ (The criminals will be known by t heir marks,) i.e., by special marks t hat dist inguish t hem. AlHasan and Qat adah said, "They will be known by t heir dark faces and t heir blue eyes.'' I say t hat t his cont rast s t o t he marks t hat will dist inguish t he believers, such as t he light t hat will appear on t he part s of t he body t hat t hey used t o wash while performing ablut ion. Allah said,

び͡ュや∠ギ∇ホΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ヴ͡タや∠ヲレｚ ャゅ͡よ グ⊥ カ ∠ ∇ぽΒ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (and t hey will be seized by t heir foreheads and feet .) meaning, t he angels of punishment will bend t heir heads down t o t heir feet and t hrow t hem like t his int o t he Hellfire. Al-A` mash said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "He will be t aken by his forehead and his feet and be broken j ust as a st ick is broken t o be t hrown int o an oven.'' Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ゆ ⊥ あグム∠ Α⊥ ヴ͡わャｚや ユ⊥ ｚレヰ∠ ィ ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワぴ (This is t he Hell which t he criminals denied.) meaning, ` t his is t he Fire t hat you used t o deny exist ed t hat it ; now you see it before your eyes!' While being chast ised, crit icized, disgraced and belit t led, t his will be said t o t he disbelievers.

びラ ∃ や∠￢ ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プヲ⊥トΑ∠ ぴ (They will go bet ween it and Hamim An!) meaning, t hey will somet imes be punished wit h fire and t hey will somet imes be given Hamim which is a drink like molt en copper t earing t heir int est ines and int ernal organs,

ヴ͡プ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らエ ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ モ ⊥ジ ͡ ⇒∠ヤジ ｚ ャやヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ボ͡ ⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ∇ビｘΙや ク͡ ま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲイ ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ｚユを⊥ ユ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや (When t he iron collars will be rounded over t heir necks, and t he chains, t hey shall be dragged along, in t he Hamim, t hen t hey will be burned in t he Fire.)(40:71-72) Allah said

び∃ラや∠￢ぴ (An) meaning hot , due t o t he fierce and int ense heat t hat is impossible t o bear. Ibn ` Abbas said;

びラ ∃ や∠￢ ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プヲ⊥トΑ∠ ぴ (They will go bet ween it and Hamim An!) "That has reached t he ult imat e t emperat ure and boiling fiercely.'' Similar was said by Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, At hThawri and As-Suddi. Qat adah also comment ed, "It s boiling st art ed when Allah creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h!'' Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi said, "The (disobedient ) servant will be seized by t he forehead and st irred in t hat boiling wat er unt il his flesh melt s and only t he bones and t he eyes in his head remain. This is t he meaning of Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲイ ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ｚユを⊥ ユ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プぴ

(In t he Hamim, t hen t hey will be burned in t he Fire.)(40:72) And Al-Hamim Al-An means hot .'' There is anot her report from Al-Qurazi;

び∃ラや∠￢ ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ぴ (Hamim An) t hat it means "prepared. '' This is also t he view of Ibn Zayd. And saying t hat it means "prepared'' does not cont radict t he first report from Al-Qurazi which says t hat it means hot , for Allah said:

び る∃ Β∠ ル͡ や∠￢ リ ∃ ∇Βハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ジゎ⊥ ぴ (They will be given t o drink from a spring, Aniyah.) (88:5) which means severe unbearable heat , and His saying;

び⊥ヮ⇒∠ルま͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヌ ͡ ⇒∠ル ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ぴ (not t o wait for it t o be prepared)(33:53) which means properly cooking and preparing it . So His saying;

び∃ラや∠￢ ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ぴ (Hamim An.) Hamim, t hat is very hot . Surely, punishing t he disobedient criminals as well as favoring t hose who had Taqwa, is from Allah's grace, mercy, j ust ice, compassion and kindness for His creat ures. His warnings against His t orment and punishment , such as ment ioned in t hese Ayat , should encourage all creat ures t o abandon t he Shirk and disobedience t hey engage in, and t his is why Allah reminded t hem of t his favor;

びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ぴ (Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny)

ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わレｚ ィ ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ボョ∠ フ ∠ ゅ∠カ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠レ∇プぺ∠ べ∠ゎや∠ヱク∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠Αゲ͡ ∇イゎ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ィ∇ヱコ∠ る∃ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠プ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プ びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥

(46. But for him who fears t he st anding before his Lord, t here will be t wo Gardens.) (47. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) (48. Wit h Afnan.) (49. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) (50. In t hem (bot h) will be t wo springs flowing (free).) (51. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) (52. In t hem (bot h) will be every kind of fruit in pairs.) (53. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny)

The Delight of Those Who have Taqwa in Paradise Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び͡ヮよあ ケ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ボョ∠ フ ∠ ゅ∠カ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (But for him who fears t he st anding before his Lord,) on t he Day of Resurrect ion,

びン∠ヲヰ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ヘレｚ ャや ヴ∠ヰル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And rest rained himself from t he desires.) (79:40), and does not indulge nor prefer t his worldly life. He who knows t hat t he Hereaft er is bet t er and more last ing, so he fulfills what his Lord ordered him and st ays away from His prohibit ions, t hen he will earn t wo gardens from his Lord on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Qays said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ラ ͡ ゅ∠わレｚ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ わ⊥ Β∠ ル͡ へ る∃ ツ ｚ プ͡ ∇リョ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わレｚ ィ ∠» リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ わ⊥ Β∠ ル͡ へ ょ ∃ ワ∠ ク∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢͡ ゅ∠Αゲ͡ ∇らム͡ ∇ャや ￢⊥ や∠キケ͡ ゅｚャま͡ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ «ラ∇ギハ ∠ る͡ レｚ ィ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (There are t wo gardens made of silver -- t heir vessels and all t hat t hey cont ain. And t here are t wo gardens made of gold -- t heir vessels and all t hat t hey cont ain. And not hing st ands bet ween t he people in t he ` Adn Garden and looking at t heir Lord, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, but t he covering of pride before His Face.) The Group, wit h t he except ion of Abu Dawud, collect ed t his via t he Hadit h of ` Abdul-` Aziz. This Ayah is general and applies t o bot h humans and Jinns, providing proof t hat t hose among t he Jinns who believe and have Taqwa will ent er Paradise, for Allah is reminding t he At h-Thaqalayn of t his favor, as He says;

ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わレｚ ィ ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ボョ∠ フ ∠ ゅ∠カ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥

(But for him who fears t he st anding before his Lord, t here will be t wo Gardens. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) Then He describes t hese t wo gardens, by saying,

びラ ∃ ゅ∠レ∇プぺ∠ べ∠ゎや∠ヱク∠ ぴ (Wit h Afnan.) t heir t rees have beaut iful young branches t hat hold and produce every t ype of ripened beaut iful fruit ,

びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ぴ (Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) ` At a' Al-Khurasani and several ot hers said t hat Afnan means spreading branches of t rees t hat reach t he branches of ot her t rees,

びラ ͡ ゅ∠Αゲ͡ ∇イゎ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プぴ (In t hem (bot h) will be t wo springs flowing.) free t o wat er t hese t rees and branches t hat produce all kinds of fruit s,

びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ぴ (Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) Al-Hasan Al-Basri said t hat one of t hese springs is called Tasnim, and t he ot her called As-Salsabil. ` At iyah said t hat t he wat er of one of t hese springs is from non-st anding wat er and t he ot her from wine t hat gives delight t o t hose who drink it . Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ͡ ゅ∠ィ∇ヱコ∠ る∃ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠プ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プぴ (In t hem (bot h) will be every kind of fruit in pairs.), of every t ype and kind of fruit , t hat which t hey knew before, and bet t er, and t hat which t hey did not know before. Therein, t here are delight s t hat no eye has ever seen, no ear has ever heard and no heart has ever imagined,

びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ぴ (Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) Ibrahim bin Al-Hakam bin Aban said t hat his fat her narrat ed from ` Ikrimah t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "There is not a fruit t hat exist s in t his life, sweet or bit t er, but it exist s in Paradise, even t he colo- cynt h.'' Ibn ` Abbas also said, "There is not hing in t he world t hat is in t he Hereaft er except in name.'' Meaning t here is such an enormous difference and cont rast bet ween t he t wo in enj oyment and value.

ヴ∠レ∠ィ∠ヱ ベ ∃ ゲ∠ ∇らわ∠ ∇シま͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰレ⊥ ͡もべ∠ト∠よ ス ∃ ゲ⊥ プ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ゃム͡ わｚ ョ⊥ ぴ リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ ラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ラ ∃ や∠キ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ∀ザル͡ま リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ∇んヨ͡ ∇トΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ フ ͡ ∇ゲト ｚ ャや れ ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ ͡ ⇒∠ホ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホゅ∠Β∇ャや リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ルｚ ∠ほ∠ミ ラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ラ ｘ べ∠ィ ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ∇モワ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ィ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ェΗ ͡やΙ ｚ ま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ジ∇ェΗ ͡や び (54. Reclining upon t he couches lined wit h Ist abraq, and t he fruit s of t he t wo Gardens will be near at hand.) (55. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) (56. Wherein bot h will be Qasirat At -Tarf, whom never deflowered a human before nor Jinn.) (57. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) (58. They are like Yaqut and Marj an.) (59. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) (60. Is t here any reward for good ot her t han good) (61. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) Allah said,

び∠リΒ͡ゃム͡ わｚ ョ⊥ ぴ (Reclining), in reference t o t he resident s of Paradise, who will recline or sit cross-legged;

び∃ベゲ∠ ∇らわ∠ ∇シま͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰレ⊥ ͡もべ∠ト∠よ ス ∃ ゲ⊥ プ⊥ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (upon t he couches lined wit h Ist abraq,) which is t hick silk brocade, according t o ` Ikrimah, AdDahhak and Qat adah. Abu ` Imran Al-Jawni said, "It is t hick silk embroidered wit h gold.'' In t his way, t he honor of t he out side is alluded t o by ment ioning t he honor of t he inside. Abu Ishaq narrat ed t hat Hubayrah bin Yarim said t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "This is t heir int erior, so what about it if you see t heir ext erior'' Allah said,

び∃ラや∠キ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠レィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t he fruit s of t he t wo Gardens will be near at hand.) close t o t he believers who will be able t o t ake any of it t hey wish, whet her t hey are reclining or ot herwise,

び る∀ Β∠ ル͡ や∠キ ゅ∠ヰプ⊥ ヲ⊥トホ⊥ ぴ

(The fruit s in bunches whereof will be low and near at hand.)(69:23),

びΚ ⇔ Β͡ャ∇グゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰプ⊥ ヲ⊥トホ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠ャあク⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥⇒∠ヤニ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ る⇔ Β∠ ル͡ や∠キヱ∠ ぴ (And t he shade t hereof is. close upon t hem, and t he bunches of fruit t hereof will hang low wit hin t heir reach.)(76:14), meaning, t hese fruit s descend from t heir branches t o t hose who wish t o have t hem, because t hey are close at hand,

びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ぴ (Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) Aft er Allah ment ioned t he couches, He t hen said,

びｚリヰ͡ Β͡プぴ (Wherein will be), meaning on t hese couches or beds,

び͡フ∇ゲト ｚ ャや れ ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ ͡ ⇒∠ホぴ (Qasirat At -Tarf) chast e females, wives rest raining t heir glances, desiring none except t heir husbands, seeing t hem as t he most beaut iful men in Paradise. This was said by Ibn ` Abbas, Qat adah, ` At a' Al-Khurasani and Ibn Zayd. It was report ed t hat one of t hese wives will say t o her husband, "By Allah! I neit her see anyt hing in Paradise more handsome t han you nor more beloved t o me t han you. So praise be t o Allah Who made you for me and made me for you.'' Allah said,

びラ ｘ べ∠ィ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ∀ザル͡ま リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ∇んヨ͡ ∇トΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぴ (whom never deflowered a human before nor Jinn ) meaning t hey are delight ful virgins of comparable age who never had sexual int ercourse wit h anyone, whet her from mankind or Jinns, before t heir husbands. This is also a proof t hat t he believers among t he Jinns will ent er Paradise. Art at bin Al-Mundhir said, "Damrah bin Habib was asked if t he Jinns will ent er Paradise and he said, ` Yes, and t hey will get married. The Jinns will have Jinn women and t he humans will have female humans.''' Allah's st at ement ,

￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ラ ｘ べ∠ィ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ∀ザル͡ま リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ∇んヨ͡ ∇トΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぴ びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ (whom never deflowered a human before nor Jinn. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) Then Allah describes t hese women for t he proposed:

びラ ⊥ ゅ∠ィ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホゅ∠Β∇ャや リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ルｚ ∠ほ∠ミぴ (t hey are like Yaqut and Marj an.) Muj ahid, Al-Hasan, Ibn Zayd and ot hers said, "They are as pure as rubies and whit e as Marj an.'' So here t hey described Marj an as pearls. Imam Muslim recorded t hat Muhammad bin Sirin said, "Some people eit her boast ed or j ust wondered who are more in Paradise, men or women. Abu Hurayrah said, ` Has not Abu Al-Qasim (Muhammad ) said,

ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや り͡ ケ∠ ヲ⊥タ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ ∇ョコ⊥ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ょ ∃ ミ∠ ∇ヲミ∠ (￢͡ ヲ∠ ∇ッぺ∠) ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ヤゎ∠ ヶ͡わャｚや∠ヱ ∩͡ケ∇ギら∠ ∇ャや る∠ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わィ ∠ ∇ヱコ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや あモム⊥ ャ͡ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ヵ ∠ ケあ キ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩͡ユ∇エヤｚャや ￢͡ や∠ケヱ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヨ͡ヰ͡ホヲ⊥シ ぁオョ⊥ ン∠ゲΑ⊥ ∩͡ラゅ∠わレ∠ ∇をや «ゆ∠ゴ∇ハぺ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ (Verily, t he first group t hat will ent er Paradise will look like t he moon when it is full, and t he next bat ch will be as radiant as t he radiant st ar in t he sky. Each one of t hem will marry t wo wives. The marrow of t he bones of t heir shins will be seen t hrough t he flesh. None will be unmarried in Paradise.) This Hadit h was recorded in t he Two Sahihs. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ る∀ ェ ∠ ∇ヱケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ぶ ͡ やモ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ り∀ ヱ∠ ∇ギピ∠ ャ∠» ロ͡ ギあ ホ͡ ノ⊥ ッ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ サ ͡ ヲ∠ホ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ボャ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ デ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ヶ͡レ∇バΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ジル͡ ∇リョ͡ り∀ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ろ ͡ バ∠ ヤ∠デ ｚ や ヲ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠トャ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔エΑ͡ケ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇れほ∠ヤ∠ヨ∠ ャ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ゅ∠ヰ͡シ∇ぺ∠ケ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰヘ⊥ Βダ ͡ レ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ «ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (A morning or an evening j ourney in Allah's cause is bet t er t han t he world and what ever is on it s surface. And a place in Paradise as small as t hat occupied by t he whip of one of you, is

bet t er t han t he world and what ever is on it s surface. If one of t he women of t he people of Paradise looks direct ly at t he eart h, she will fill what is bet ween Paradise and eart h wit h a good scent and all of it will become delight ful. Verily, t he veil over her head is bet t er t han t his life and all t hat is on it s surface.) Al-Bukhari also collect ed a similar narrat ion. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

びリ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ェΗ ͡ やΙ ｚ ま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ジ∇ェΗ ͡ や ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ∇モワ∠ ぴ (Is t here any reward for good ot her t han good) Allah declares t hat in t he Hereaft er, all t hat is good and right eous is t he only befit t ing reward for t hose who do good deeds in t his life,

び∀りキ∠ ゅ∠Αコ͡ ヱ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥レジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあぴ (For t hose who have done good is best (reward) and even more.)(10:26) All of t hese are t remendous blessings t hat cannot be earned merely by good deeds, but by Allah's favor and bount y, aft er all of t hese He says;

びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ぴ (Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny)

ラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わレｚ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ ラ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プ ラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わョｚ べ∠ワ∇ギョ⊥ る∀ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠プ ゅ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プ ラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わカ ∠ ゅｚツル∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ ラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ∀ラゅｚョケ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ∀ ∇ガル∠ ヱ∠ ∀ケヲ⊥ェ ラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ∀ラゅ∠ジ͡ェ れ ∀ ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠Βガ ͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∀れ∠ケヲ⊥ダ∇ボョｚ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ラ ｘ べ∠ィ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ∀ザル͡ま リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ∇んヨ͡ ∇トΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ツカ ⊥ フ ∃ ゲ∠ ∇プケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ゃム͡ わｚ ョ⊥ ラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ⇒∠らゎ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ン ｙ ゲ͡ ボ∠ ∇らハ ∠ ヱ∠ び ュ͡ や∠ゲ∇ミΗ ͡ や∠ヱ モ ͡ ⇒∠ヤイ ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ク マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ⊥ ∇シや

(62. And below t hese t wo, t here are t wo ot her Gardens.) (63. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) (64. Mudhammat an.) (65. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) (66. In t hem (bot h) will be t wo springs Naddakhat an.) (67. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) (68. In t hem (bot h) will be fruit s, and dat e palms and pomegranat es.) (69. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) (70. Therein (Gardens) will be Khayrat Hisan;) (71. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) (72. Hur (beaut iful, fair females) guarded in pavilions;) (73. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) (74. Whom never deflowered a human before nor Jinn.) (75. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) (76. Reclining on green Rafraf and rich beaut iful ` Abqariy.) (77. Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) (78. Blessed be t he Name of your Lord, Dhil-Jalali wal-Ikram.)

These two gardens are lower, in virtue and in status than the two before them, as supported in the Qur'an. Allah said:

びラ ͡ ゅ∠わレｚ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (And below t hese t wo, t here are t wo ot her Gardens.) We previously ment ioned t he Hadit h st at ing t hat t here are t wo gardens made of gold, t heir vessels and all t hey cont ain, and t here are t wo gardens made of silver, t heir vessels and all t hey cont ain. The first t wo are for t he near believers (Muqarribin) and t he lat t er t wo are for t hose on t he right (Ashab Al-Yamin). Abu Musa comment ed, "There are t wo gardens made of gold for t he Muqarribin and t wo gardens made of silver for Ashab Al-Yamin.'' There are several proofs t hat t he former t wo gardens in Paradise are bet t er in grade t han t he lat t er. Allah ment ioned t he former t wo gardens before t he lat t er t wo, t hus indicat ing t heir significance, t hen He said,

びラ ͡ ゅ∠わレｚ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (And below t hese t wo, t here are t wo ot her Gardens.) And t his is an obvious form of honoring t he first t wo gardens over t he lat t er t wo. Allah described t he former gardens:

びラ ∃ ゅ∠レ∇プぺ∠ べ∠ゎや∠ヱク∠ ぴ (Wit h Afnan), which are t he ext ending branches, as we explained, or various t ypes of delight s. But He said about t he lat t er t wo gardens,

びラ ͡ ゅ∠わョｚ べ∠ワ∇ギョ⊥ ぴ (Mudhammat an), being dark, because of t he int ense irrigat ion. Ibn ` Abbas said, "Mudhammat an means, t hey have become dark green because of ext ensive wat er irrigat ion.'' Muhammad bin Ka` b said:

びラ ͡ ゅ∠わョｚ べ∠ワ∇ギョ⊥ ぴ (Mudhammat an) "Full of greenery.'' There is no doubt t hat t he former t wo gardens are bet t er, t heir branches are fresh, yout hful and int ermingling. Allah said about t he former t wo gardens,

びラ ͡ ゅ∠Αゲ͡ ∇イゎ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プぴ (In t hem (bot h) will be t wo springs flowing (free)), while He said about t he springs of t he lat t er t wo gardens,

び͡ラゅ∠わカ ∠ ゅｚツル∠ ぴ (Naddakhat an); ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas: "It means gushing. And t he free flowing is st ronger t han gushing.'' Ad-Dahhak said t hat ,

び͡ラゅ∠わカ ∠ ゅｚツル∠ ぴ (gushing fort h) means, t hey are full of wat er and const ant ly gushing. Allah said about t he former t wo gardens,

びラ ͡ ゅ∠ィ∇ヱコ∠ る∃ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠プ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プぴ (In t hem (bot h) will be every kind of fruit in pairs), but He said about t he lat t er t wo gardens,

び ∀ラゅｚョケ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ∀ ∇ガル∠ ヱ∠ る∀ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠プ ゅ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プぴ (In t hem (bot h) will be fruit s, and dat e palms and pomegranat es.) There is no doubt t hat t he first descript ion is bet t er and refers t o more of a variet y and more t ypes of fruit . Allah said about t he lat t er t wo gardens, Allah t hen said;

び ∀ラゅ∠ジ͡ェ れ ∀ ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プぴ (Therein will be Khayrat Hisan;) meaning, t here are various t ypes of good and delight ful t hings in t hese t wo gardens in Paradise, according t o Qat adah. It was also said t hat Khayrat is plural of Khayrah and it is a right eous, well-mannered, beaut iful woman, according t o t he maj orit y of scholars, and it is also report ed from Umm Salamah as a Hadit h from t he Prophet . There is anot her Hadit h saying t hat Al-Hur Al-` Ayn will sing,

«ュや∠ゲミ͡ ァ ∃ や∠ヱ∇コほ∠ャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ボ͡ヤカ ⊥ ∩⊥ラゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや れ ⊥ や∠ゲ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ » ("We are Al-Khayrat Al-Hisan, we were creat ed for honorable husbands.'') Allah said:

び ュ͡ ゅ∠Βガ ͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∀れ∠ケヲ⊥ダ∇ボョｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ェぴ (Hur (beaut iful, fair females) guarded in pavilions;) but He said about t he first t wo gardens,

び͡フ∇ゲト ｚ ャや れ ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ ͡ ⇒∠ホ リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プぴ (Wherein bot h will be Qasirat At -Tarf,) There is no doubt t hat t he chast e wives t hat rest rain t heir glances t hemselves, are bet t er t han t hose guarded in pavilions even t hough bot h are secluded. About Allah's saying:

び͡ュゅ∠Βガ ͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プぴ (in pavilions;) Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Qays said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ヰッ ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ ∩∃るプ∠ ヲｚ イ ∠ ョ⊥ り∃ ぽ∠ ャ⊥∇ぽャ⊥ ∇リョ͡ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡» ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩∀モ∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ る∃ Α∠ ヱ͡ や∠コ あモミ⊥ ヶプ͡ ∩ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲぁわシ ͡ «ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ヲ⊥トΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ ゅ∇ャや (Verily, in Paradise, t he believer will have a t ent from a hollow pearl, t he widt h t hereof is sixt y miles. In each corner of it t here are wives for t he believer t hat do not see t he ot her wives, and t he believer will visit t hem all.) In anot her narrat ion t he Prophet said t hat t his t ent is t hirt y miles wide. Muslim recorded t his Hadit h and in his narrat ion, t he Prophet said,

り∃ ギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ り∃ ぽ∠ ャ⊥∇ぽャ⊥ ∇リョ͡ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ャ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡» ∀モ∇ワ∠ぺ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ∩ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲぁわシ ͡ ゅ∠ヰャ⊥ヲ⊥デ ∩∃るプ∠ ヲｚ イ ∠ ョ⊥ «ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ン∠ゲΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ヲ⊥トΑ∠ (Verily in Paradise, t he believer will have a t ent made of a hollow pearl t he lengt h t hereof being sixt y miles. In it , t he believer will have wives who do not see each ot her, and t he believer will visit t hem all.) Allah t he Exalt ed said,

びラ ｘ べ∠ィ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ∀ザル͡ま リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ∇んヨ͡ ∇トΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぴ (Whom never were deflowered by a human before nor Jinn.) We explained t his meaning before. Allah added in t he descript ion of t he first group of t he believers' wives,

ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ￢͡ Ιや∠￢ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ィ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホゅ∠Β∇ャや リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ルｚ ∠ほ∠ミぴ びラ ͡ ゅ∠よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ (t hey are like Yaqut (rubies) and Marj an (pearls). Then which of t he blessings of your Lord will you bot h deny) Allah said,

びラ ∃ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ン ｙ ゲ͡ ボ∠ ∇らハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ツカ ⊥ フ ∃ ゲ∠ ∇プケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ゃム͡ わｚ ョ⊥ ぴ (Reclining on green Rafraf and rich beaut iful ` Abqariy. ) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas: "Rafraf means cushions.'' Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak and ot hers also said t hat Rafraf means cushions. Al-` Ala' bin Badr said: "The Rafraf are arrayed hanging over t he couches.'' Allah's st at ement ,

び∃ラゅ∠ジェ ͡ ン ｙ ゲ͡ ボ∠ ∇らハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and rich beaut iful ` Abqariy.) Ibn ` Abbas, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak and As-Suddi said t hat ` Abqariy means rich carpet s. Allah said,

び ュ͡ や∠ゲ∇ミΗ ͡ や∠ヱ モ ͡ ⇒∠ヤイ ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ク マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ⊥ ∇シや ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ⇒∠らゎ∠ ぴ (Blessed be t he Name of your Lord (Allah) Dhil-Jalal wal-Ikram,) Allah st at es t hat He is Wort hy of being honored and always obeyed, revered and t hus worshipped, appreciat ed and never unappreciat ed, and remembered and never forgot t en. ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas said t hat ,

び͡ュや∠ゲ∇ミΗ ͡ や∠ヱ モ ͡ ⇒∠ヤイ ∠ ∇ャや ン͡クぴ (Dhil-Jalal wal-Ikram) means, t he Owner of great ness and pride. In a Hadit h, t he Prophet said,

∩͡ユヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや る͡ ら∠ ∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ヵ͡ク ュ⊥ や∠ゲ∇ミま͡ ぶ ͡ や メ ͡ ゅ∠ヤ∇ィま͡ ∇リョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡» ∩͡ヮΒ͡プ ヶ͡ャゅ∠ピ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ラ ͡ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ョ͡ ゅ∠ェヱ∠ ∩͡ラゅ∠ト∇ヤジ ぁ ャや ヵ͡ク∠ヱ «ヮ∇レハ ∠ ヶ͡プゅ∠イ∇ャや ゅ∠ャヱ∠ (Verily, among t he act s of venerat ing Allah, are honoring t he elderly Muslims, t he one in aut horit y, and carrier (memorizer) of t he Qur'an who avoids ext remism and laziness wit h it .'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Rabi` ah bin ` Amir said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

«ュや∠ゲ∇ミみ͡∇ャや∠ヱ ͡メゅ∠ヤ∠イ∇ャや ヵ͡グ͡よ やヲぁヌャ͡ぺ∠»

(Persist (in invoking Allah) wit h, "Ya Dhal-Jalal wal-Ikram (O Owner of great ness and honor).'') An-Nasa'i also collect ed t his Hadit h. Muslim and t he Four Sunan compilers recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "When t he Messenger of Allah would (say t he) Salam (complet ing prayer), he would only sit as long as it t akes him t o say,

や∠クゅ∠Α ろ ∠ ∇ミケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ∩⊥ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや マ ∠ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや» «ュや∠ゲ∇ミみ͡∇ャや∠ヱ ͡メゅ∠ヤ∠イ∇ャや (O Allah! You are As-Salam, and peace comes from You. Blessed be You Ya Dhal-Jalal walIkram.).'' This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Ar-Rahman, all praise is due t o Allah and all favors come from Him.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Waqi` ah (Chapter - 56) Which was revealed in Makkah The Virtues of Surat Al-Waqi` ah Abu Ishaq report ed from ` Ikrimah from Ibn ` Abbas t hat Abu Bakr said, "O Allah's Messenger! You are becoming gray'' The Messenger replied,

ユｚ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ゅ∠ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ る⊥ バ∠ ホ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや∠ヱ ∀キヲ⊥ワ ヶ͡レ∇わ∠らΒｚ ∠セ» «れ∠ケヲあ ミ⊥ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ ゅ∠ジわ∠ Α∠ (Hud (chapt er 11), Al-Waqi` ah (56), Al-Mursalat (77), ` Amma Yat asa'alun (78) and Idha AshShamsu Kuwwirat (81) have made me gray.) At -Tirmidhi collect ed t his Hadit h and said, "Hasan Gharib.''

ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

-る∀ よ∠ ク͡ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヰわ͡ バ∠ ∇ホヲ∠ ャ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ -る⊥ バ∠ ホ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや ろ ͡ バ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ や∠クま͡ぴ ろ ͡ ジ ｚ よ⊥ ヱ∠ -ゅ⇔ィ ∂ ケ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケ∇Ιや ろ ͡ ィ ｚ ケ⊥ や∠クま͡ -る∀ バ∠ プ͡ やｚケ る∀ ツ ∠ プ͡ ゅ∠カ ゅ⇔ィや∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ -ゅ⇔ん∂ ら∠ レぁョ ￢べ∠らワ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ -ゅ⇔ジ ∂ よ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや -る͡ レ∠ ヨ∠ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ べ∠ョ る͡ レ∠ ヨ∠ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タほ∠プ∠ -る⇔ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠

-る͡ ヨ∠ ゃ∠ ⇒∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ べ∠ョ る͡ ヨ∠ ゃ∠ ⇒∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡プ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボら͡ ⇒ｚジャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボら͡ ⇒ｚジャや∠ヱ び-ユ͡ Β͡バレｚ ャや ろ ͡ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ (1. When t he Waqi` ah occurs) (2. There is not , for it s occurrence, Kadhibah.) (3. Bringing low (some), exalt ing (ot hers).) (4. When t he eart h will be shaken wit h a t errible shake.) (5. And t he mount ains will be powdered t o dust ,) (6. So t hat t hey will become float ing dust part icles.) (7. And you (all) will be in t hree groups. ) (8. So t hose on t he right -- how (fort unat e) will be t hose on t he right !) (9. And t hose on t he left -- how (unfort unat e) will be t hose on t he left !) (10. And t hose foremost will be foremost .) (11. These will be t he nearest (t o Allah).) (12. In t he Gardens of Delight .)

The Horrors of the Day of Resurrection Al-Waqi` ah (t he occurrence), is one of t he names of t he Day of Resurrect ion, because t hat Day is real and will surely come. Allah t he Exalt ed said in ot her Ayat ,

び る⊥ バ∠ ホ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや ろ ͡ バ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then on t hat Day shall t he Waqi` ah occur.)( 69:15) Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び る∀ よ∠ ク͡ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヰわ͡ バ∠ ∇ホヲ∠ ャ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ (There is not , for it s occurrence, Kadhibah.) means, when He commands t he Day of Resurrect ion t o begin, none can st op it from happening or prevent it from beginning,

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ キｚ ゲ∠ ョ∠ Ι ｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リョあ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇シやぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ (Answer t he call of your Lord before t here comes from Allah a Day which can not be avert ed.) (42:47),

∀ノ͡プや∠キ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャあ - ノ∃ ホ͡ や∠ヱ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ∀モ͡もべ∠シ メ ∠ ほ∠シ ∠ぴ び (A quest ioner asked concerning a t orment about t o occur -- upon t he disbelievers, which none can avert .)(70:1-2),

マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲホ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ リ⊥ミ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ り͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ハ ケ͡ ヲ∠ ダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡プ オ ⊥ ヘ∠ レ⊥Α ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ びゲ⊥ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや (And on t he Day He will say: "Be!'' -- and it is! His Word is t he Trut h. His will be t he dominion on t he Day when t he Trumpet will be blown. All-Knower of t he unseen and t he seen. He is t he AllWise, Well Aware.)(6:73) As for t he meaning of

び∀るよ∠ ク͡ ゅ∠ミぴ (Kadhibah) Muhammad bin Ka` b said: "It will cert ainly occur,'' while Qat adah said, "It shall not be discont inued, t aken back or abort ed. Allah's st at ement ,

び る∀ バ∠ プ͡ やｚケ る∀ ツ ∠ プ͡ ゅ∠カぴ (Bringing low, exalt ing.) indicat es t hat Al-Waqi` ah lowers some people t o t he lowest part s of t he Fire, even if t hey had been might y in t his life. It also elevat es ot hers t o t he highest grades in t he residence of et ernal delight , even if t hey were weak in t his life. This was said by AlHasan, Qat adah and ot hers. Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas:

び る∀ バ∠ プ͡ やｚケ る∀ ツ ∠ プ͡ ゅ∠カぴ (Bringing low, exalt ing), "It made t he near and t he far hear it ,'' while ` Ikrimah said, "It lowered, and t hus t hose who were close heard it , and elevat ed, and t hus t hose in t he dist ance heard it .'' Ad-Dahhak and Qat adah said similarly. Allah said,

び ゅ⇔ィ ∂ ケ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやろ ͡ ィ ｚ ケ⊥ や∠クま͡ぴ (When t he eart h will be shaken wit h a t errible shake.) meaning, it is shaken and moved violent ly over all of it s surface and t hrough it s dept hs. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Qat adah and ot hers said about Allah's saying:,

び ゅ⇔ィ ∂ ケ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやろ ͡ ィ ｚ ケ⊥ や∠クま͡ぴ (When t he eart h will be shaken wit h a t errible shake.) it means "Violent ly shaken.'' Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said, "The eart h will be shaken wit h all t hat is in it , j ust as a sift er is shaken wit h it s cont ent s.'' This is like Allah's saying:

び ゅ∠ヰャ∠や∠ゴ∇ャコ͡ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやろ ͡ ャ∠ゴ͡ ∇ャコ⊥ や∠クま͡ぴ

(When t he eart h is shaken wit h it s eart hquake.)(99:1) and,

∀￢∇ヴ∠セ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや る∠ ャ∠ゴ∠ ∇ャコ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ (O mankind! Have Taqwa of your Lord! Verily, t he eart hquake of t he Hour is a t errible t hing.)(22:1). Allah said:

び ゅ⇔ジ ∂ よ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ジ ｚ よ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he mount ains will be powdered t o dust ,) meaning, relent lessly pulverized. This was said by Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah and Qat adah and ot hers. Ibn Zayd said: "The mount ains will become j ust like Allah described t hem,

び⇔ΚΒ͡ヰョｚ ゅ⇔らΒ͡んミ∠ ぴ (A heap of sand poured out .)(73:14).'' Allah's saying:

び ゅ⇔ん∂ ら∠ レぁョ ￢⇔ べ∠らワ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ぴ (So t hat t hey will become float ing dust part icles.) Abu Ishaq narrat ed from Al-Harit h, from ` Ali: "It will become like t he rising dust st orm t hat soon fades away leaving no t race of it self behind.'' Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas about Allah's saying:

び ゅ⇔ん∂ ら∠ レぁョ ￢⇔ べ∠らワ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ぴ (So t hat t hey will become float ing dust part icles.) "It describes t he rising embers from t he fire when it is kindled, but when t he embers land, t hey are ext inguished quickly.'' ` Ikrimah said, "The float ing dust part icles t hat t he wind scat t ers all around,'' while Qat adah said,

び⇔ゅん∂ ら∠ レぁョ ￢⇔ べ∠らワ∠ ぴ (float ing part icles), "Like t he dry part s of t rees t hat t he wind scat t ers all about .'' This Ayah is similar t o several ot her Ayat t hat indicat e t hat t he mount ains will be moved from t heir places, demolished and blown off t heir bases, becoming like carded wool on t he Day of Resurrect ion.

Three Categories of People on the Day of Resurrection Allah's st at ement ,

び る⇔ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ゅ⇔ィや∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ぴ (And you (all) will be in t hree groups.) This means t hat people will be divided int o t hree cat egories on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Some will on t he right of Allah's Throne, and t hey are t hose who were brought fort h from ` Adam's right side. This cat egory will be given t heir Books of Records in t heir right hand and will be t aken t o t he right side. As-Suddi explained t hat t hey will comprise t he maj orit y of t he resident s of Paradise. Anot her cat egory is t hose who will be placed t o t he left of Allah's Throne, and t hey are t hose who were brought fort h from ` Adam's left side. This cat egory will be given t heir Books of Records in t heir left hands and will be t aken t o t he left side. They are t he resident s of t he Fire, may Allah save us from t heir act ions. A t hird cat egory is comprised of t hose who are t he foremost and nearest before Allah. They are in a bet t er grade and st at us and nearer t o Allah t han t hose on t he right side. They are t he chiefs of t hose on t he right side, because t hey include t he Messengers, Prophet s, t rue believers and mart yrs. They are fewer t han t hose on t he right side; so Allah said,

- る͡ レ∠ ヨ∠ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ べ∠ョ る͡ レ∠ ヨ∠ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タほ∠プ∠ ぴ - る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ べ∠ョ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボら͡ ⇒ｚジャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボら͡ ⇒ｚジャや∠ヱ (So t hose on t he right -- how will be t hose on t he right ! And t hose on t he left -- how will be t hose on t he left ! And t hose foremost will be foremost .) Allah divides people int o t hese t hree groups upon t heir deat h, as indicat ed by t he end of t his Surah. Allah ment ioned t hem in His st at ement as well,

ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヘ∠ ト ∠ ∇タや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇をケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ ∀ペ͡よゅ∠シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ギ∀ ダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ボョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャあ ∀ユヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ び͡ヮヤｚャや ラ ͡ ク⊥ み͡よ͡ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (Then We gave t he Book as inherit ance t o such of Our servant s whom We chose. Then of t hem are some who wrong t hemselves, and of t hem are some who follow a middle course, and of t hem are some who are, by Allah's leave, foremost in good deeds.)(35:32) Muhammad bin Ka` b, Abu Hazrah Ya` qub bin Muj ahid said t hat ,

び ∠ラヲ⊥ボ͡ら⇒ｚジャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボら͡ ⇒ｚジャや∠ヱぴ (And t hose foremost will be foremost .) is about t he Prophet s, peace be upon t hem, while AsSuddi said t hat t hey are t he resident s of t he ut most highs (Ahl Al-` Illiyyin, in Paradise). The meaning of foremost is t hat t hey were foremost in performing t he act s of right eousness j ust as Allah commanded t hem,

ゅ∠ヰッ ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ る∃ レｚ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ り∃ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ハケ͡ ゅ∠シヱ∠ ぴ び⊥チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (And march fort h in t he way t o forgiveness from your Lord, and for Paradise as wide as t he heavens and t he eart h.)(3:133) and,

ゅ∠ヰッ ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ る∃ レｚ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リョあ り∃ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボよ͡ ゅ∠シぴ び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや チ ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ミ∠ (Race wit h one anot her in hast ening t owards forgiveness from your Lord, and Paradise t he widt h whereof is as t he widt h of t he heaven and t he eart h.)(57:21) Therefore, t hose who rush t o obey Allah in t his life and are foremost in performing act s of right eousness, will be among t he foremost believers honored in t he Hereaft er. Verily, t he reward is according t o t he kind of deed, and as one does, so he is j udged. So Allah said:

び ユ͡ Β͡バレｚ ャや ろ ͡ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (These will be t he nearest (t o Allah). In t he Gardens of Delight .)

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ -リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ∠ヱ - リ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∀るヤｚを⊥ ぴ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤら͡ ⇒∠ボわ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ゃム͡ わｚ ョぁ - る∃ ル∠ ヲ⊥ッ∇ヲョｚ ケ∃ ゲ⊥ シ ⊥ ペ ∠ Α͡ケゅ∠よぺ∠ヱ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠ヲ∇ミほ∠よ͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤｚガ ∠ ョぁ ラ ∀ ギ∠ ∇ャヱ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ヲ⊥トΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギｚ ダ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ｚ - リ ∃ Β͡バョｚ リあョ サ ∃ ∇ほミ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βデ ∠ ユ͡ ∇エャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲΒｚ ガ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅｚヨョあ る∃ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠プヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゴ͡ レ⊥Α ぽ͡ ャ⊥∇ぽヤぁャや モ ͡ ⇒∠ん∇ョほ∠ミ∠ - ∀リΒ͡ハ ∀ケヲ⊥ェ∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢⇔ へゴ∠ ィ ∠ -ラ ͡ ヲ⊥レ∇ムヨ∠ ∇ャや び ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡ホ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡を∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ヲ∇ピャ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (13. A mult it ude of t hose will be from t he first ones.) (14. And a few of t hose will be from t he lat er ones.) (15. (They will be) on t hrones, Mawdunah.) (16. Reclining t hereon, face t o face.) (17. Immort al boys will go around t hem (serving),) (18. Wit h cups, and j ugs, and a glass of

flowing wine,) (19. Wherefrom neit her Yusadda` un nor Yunzifun.) (20. And wit h fruit t hat t hey may choose.) (21. And wit h t he flesh of fowls t hat t hey desire.) (22. And (t here will be) Hur wit h wide lovely eyes.) (23. Like preserved pearls.) (24. A reward for what t hey used t o do.) (25. No Laghw (evil vain t alk) will t hey hear t herein, nor any sinful speech.) (26. But only t he saying of: "Salaman! Salaman!'')

The Reward of the Foremost in Faith Allah st at es t hat t he foremost of t he close believers are a mult it ude, a crowd among t he earlier generat ions and a few from t he lat t er generat ions. There is a difference over t he meaning of t he first generat ions and t he lat er generat ions. Some said t hat t he former means earlier (believing) nat ions, while t he lat er refers t o t his Ummah. This was report ed from Muj ahid and Al-Hasan Al-Basri, in t he collect ion of Ibn Abi Hat im, and t his is t he preference of Ibn Jarir. He considered it support ed by t he saying of Allah's Messenger :

«る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボよ͡ ゅｚジャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ͡ ゅ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ » (We are t he lat er nat ion, but t he foremost on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) Ibn Jarir did not ment ion any ot her int erpret at ion nor did he at t ribut e t his view t o anyone else. There is anot her Hadit h t hat could support t his meaning. Imam Abu Muhammad bin Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat when t hese Ayat were revealed,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ∠ヱ - リ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∀るヤｚを⊥ ぴ (A mult it ude of t hose (foremost ) will be from t he first ones. And a few of t hose will be from t he lat er ones.), t his news became hard for t he Companions of t he Prophet . These t his Ayat ,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∀るヤｚを⊥ ∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∀るヤｚを⊥ ぴ (A mult it ude of t hose will be from t he first ones. And a mult it ude of t hose will be from t he lat er ones.), were revealed. The Prophet t hen said,

ゑ ∠ ヤ⊥を⊥ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ノ∠ よ⊥ ケ⊥ やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケほ∠ャ∠ ヶあルま͡» ゲ⊥ ∇トセ ∠ :∇ヱぺ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ブ ⊥ ∇ダル͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇モよ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ «ヶ͡ルゅｚんャや ブ ∠ ∇ダレあ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヨシ ͡ ゅ∠ボゎ⊥ ヱ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ (I hope t hat you will comprise a quart er of t he resident s of Paradise, a t hird of t he resident s of Paradise. Rat her, you are a half of t he resident s of Paradise, and will have a share in t he ot her half.) Imam Ahmad also recorded t his. However, t his opinion t hat Ibn Jarir chose is quest ionable, rat her it is a deficient int erpret at ion. This is because t his Ummah is t he best of all nat ions, according t o t he t ext of t he Qur'an. Therefore, it is not possible t hat t he foremost believers from earlier nat ions are more numerous t han t hose of in t his Ummah; t he opposit e is t rue. The lat t er opinion is t he correct one, t hat ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∀るヤｚを⊥ ぴ (A mult it ude of t hose will be from t he first ones), refers t o t he earlier generat ions of t his Ummah, while,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∀モΒ͡ヤホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And a few of t hose will be from t he lat er ones.), refers t o t he lat t er people of t his Ummah. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat As-Sari bin Yahya said t hat Al-Hasan recit ed t his Ayah,

ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボら͡ ⇒ｚジャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボら͡ ⇒ｚジャや∠ヱぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∀るヤｚを⊥ ユ͡ Β͡バレｚ ャや ろ ͡ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ (And t hose foremost will be foremost . These will be t he nearest (t o Allah). In t he Gardens of Delight . A mult it ude of t hose will be from t he first ones.), Then he comment ed, "A mult it ude from t he earlier generat ion of t his Ummah.'' Ibn Abi Hat im also recorded t hat Muhammad bin Sirin comment ed:

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ∠ヱ - リ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∀るヤｚを⊥ ぴ (A mult it ude of t hose will be from t he first ones. And a few of t hose will be from t he lat er ones.), "They st at ed, or hoped t hat t hey will all be from t his Ummah.'' Therefore, t hese are t he st at ement s of Al-Hasan and Ibn Sirin t hat t hose foremost in fait h are all from t his Ummah. There is no doubt t hat t he earlier generat ions of each nat ion were bet t er t han t he lat t er generat ions. In t his pret ext , t his Ayah might include all previous believing nat ions. In t his regard, it is confirmed in t he aut hent ic Hadit h compilat ions, from more t han one rout e, t hat t he Messenger of Allah said;

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ｚユを⊥ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ｚユを⊥ ∩ヶ͡ル∇ゲホ∠ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠» «ユ⊥ヰ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠Α (The best people are my generat ion, t hen t he next generat ion, t hen t he next generat ion....) He also said:

∩あペ∠エ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲワ͡ ゅ∠ニ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ ゅ∠デ メ ⊥ や∠ゴゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» ュ͡ ゅ∠Βホ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ヘ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠カ ∇リョ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠グ∠ カ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ «る∠ハゅｚジャや

(A group of my Ummah will always remain on t he t rut h and dominant , unharmed by t hose who fail t o support t hem and t hose who defy t hem, unt il t he Last Hour begins.) In anot her narrat ion:

«マ͡ャグ∠ミ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ͡ や ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ヶ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠» (..unt il Allah's command comes while t hey are like t his.) This Ummah is more honored t han any ot her Ummah. The foremost believers of t his Ummah are more numerous and hold a higher rank t han t hose of ot her nat ions, due t o t he st at us of t heir religion and Prophet . In a Mut awat ir Hadit h, t he Prophet ment ioned t hat sevent y t housand of t his Ummah will ent er Paradise wit hout reckoning. In anot her narrat ion of t his Hadit h, t he Prophet added,

«ゅ⇔ヘ∇ャぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ∇らシ ∠ ブ ∃ ∇ャぺ∠ あモミ⊥ ノ∠ ョ∠ » (Wit h each t housand, anot her sevent y t housand.) In yet anot her narrat ion, he said,

«ゅ⇔ヘ∇ャぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ∇らシ ∠ ギ∃ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ あモミ⊥ ノ∠ ョ∠ » (Wit h every one of t hem is anot her sevent y t housand.) Allah's st at ement ,

び る∃ ル∠ ヲ⊥ッ∇ヲョｚ ケ∃ ゲ⊥ シ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (on Thrones, Mawdunah.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "Woven wit h gold.'' Similar was report ed from Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Zayd bin Aslam, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak and ot hers. Allah said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤら͡ ⇒∠ボわ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ゃム͡ わｚ ョぁ ぴ (Reclining t hereon, face t o face.) indicat ing t hat t hey will face each ot her, and none of t hem will be in t he back lines,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤｚガ ∠ ョぁ ラ ∀ ギ∠ ∇ャヱ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ヲ⊥トΑ∠ ぴ (Immort al boys will go around t hem), who will never grow up, get old or change in shape,

びリ ∃ Β͡バョｚ リあョ サ ∃ ∇ほミ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ Α͡ケゅ∠よぺ∠ヱ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠ヲ∇ミほ∠よ͡ ぴ (Wit h cups, and j ugs, and a glass of flowing wine) t hese cups do not have handles or spout s, while t he j ugs somet imes do and somet imes do not . All of t hem, including t he glasses, will cont ain wine drawn from a flowing spring, not from cont ainers t hat might get empt y. Rat her, t his spring of wine flows freely,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゴ͡ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギｚ ダ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ｚぴ (Wherefrom neit her Yusadda` un nor Yunzifun.) meaning, t hey will never get headaches from t his wine nor int oxicat ed. Rat her, t his wine does not affect t heir minds, even t hough it has a st rong and t remendously delight ful t ast e. Ad-Dahhak report ed from Ibn ` Abbas: "The wine (of t his life) has four side-effect s, it int oxicat es, gives headaches, induces vomit ing and causes excessive urine. So Allah ment ioned t he wine of Paradise free of t hese charact erist ics.'' Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` At iyah Al-` Awfi, Qat adah and As-Suddi said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギｚ ダ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ｚぴ (Wherefrom neit her Yusadda` un) means, "It does not give t hem a headache.'' While t hey said t hat

び∠ラヲ⊥プゴ͡ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor will t hey Yunzifun. ) means t hat "It does not change t heir sense of reasoning.'' Allah's st at ement ,

ゅｚヨョあ ゲ∃ ∇Βデ ∠ ユ͡ ∇エャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲΒｚ ガ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅｚヨョあ る∃ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠プヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ (And wit h fruit t hat t hey may choose. And wit h t he flesh of fowls t hat t hey desire.) meaning, what ever fruit s t hey wish for will be dist ribut ed among t hem. This Ayah is a proof t hat we are allowed t o choose t he fruit s t hat we prefer and wish t o eat . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Thabit said t hat Anas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah liked dreams. A man might have a dream, so he would ask about him if he did not know him, and would like t o hear t he dream if t hat man was praised for his good qualit ies. Once a woman came t o him and said, "O Allah's Messenger! I had a dream t hat I was t aken out of Al-Madinah and ent ered Paradise. I heard noise because of which Paradise wept . I looked and found so-and-so, so-and-so,' and she ment ioned t he names of t welve men whom t he Prophet had sent wit h a milit ary expedit ion. They were lat er brought on (in Paradise, in t he dream) wit h t heir wounds st ill bleeding. It was said, ` Take t hem t o t he river Baydakh or -- Baydhakh.' They were t aken t o t hat river and submerged in it and t heir faces t urned as radiant as t he full moon. They were brought a plat e made of gold cont aining green dat es. They at e as much of t he green dat es t hey want ed t o and whenever t hey t urned t hat plat e around, t hey would eat from t he fruit it cont ained, as much as t hey want ed, and I (t he woman said) at e wit h t hem.'' Lat er on, t hat army sent an emissary t o convey t he news (of t he bat t le) and he said t hat so-and-so and so-and-so died, ment ioning t he names of t he t welve men who were ment ioned in t he dream. So, Allah's Messenger called t he woman and again asked her t o ment ion her st ory, and she did. This is t he narrat ion t hat Abu Ya` la collect ed, and Al-Hafiz Ad-Diya' said, "This Hadit h meet s t he crit eria of Muslim.'' Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ゲ∃ ∇Βデ ∠ ユ͡ ∇エャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(And wit h t he flesh of fowls t hat t hey desire.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゲ͡ イ ∠セ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヴ∠ハ∇ゲΑ∠ ∩͡ろ∇ガら⊥ ∇ャや メ ͡ ゅ∠ん∇ョほ∠ミ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ∇Βデ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» «るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや (Birds of Paradise are like Bukht camels t hat graze in t he t rees of Paradise.) Abu Bakr comment ed, "O Allah's Messenger! Surely, t hese birds must be wonderful.'' The Messenger said,

«ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ユ⊥ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥ミ͡ へ» (Those who eat t hem are more wonderful.) and repeat ed t his st at ement t hrice. The Prophet went on,

«ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇リヨｚ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケほ∠ャ∠ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ» (And I hope t hat you will be among t hose who eat from t hem.) Only Imam Ahmad collect ed t his Hadit h using t his chain of narrat ion. Allah said;

びラ ͡ ヲ⊥レ∇ムヨ∠ ∇ャや ぽ͡ ャ⊥∇ぽヤぁャや モ ͡ ⇒∠ん∇ョほ∠ミ∠ ぴ (Like unt o preserved pearls.), indicat ing t hat t hey are j ust as whit e and pure fresh pearls. We ment ioned Allah's st at ement ,

び ∀ラヲ⊥レ∇ムョｚ ∀ヂ∇Β∠よ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ルｚ ∠ほ∠ミぴ (As if t hey were eggs preserved.)(37:49), in Surat As-Saffat (chapt er 37), and also t heir descript ion in Surat Ar-Rahman (chapt er 55). This is why Allah said aft erwards,

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ぴ (A reward for what t hey used t o do.) meaning, ` t hese delight s t hat We grant ed t hem are rewards for t he good deeds t hat t hey performed (in t his life).' Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡ホ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡を∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ヲ∇ピャ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ (No Laghw (evil vain t alk) will t hey hear t herein, nor any sinful speech. But only t he saying of: "Salaman (peace,)! Salaman (peace.)!'') meaning t hey will not hear foul or unnecessary speech in Paradise.

び る⇔ Β∠ ピ͡ ⇒∠ャ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ｚぴ (Where t hey shall neit her hear harmful speech nor falsehood.) (88:11), meaning, no foul words are ut t ered t herein. Allah said,

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡を∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor any sinful speech.) meaning, nor speech t hat cont ains foul words,

び ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡ホ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (But only t he saying of: "Salaman (peace!), Salaman (peace!).''), t hey will greet each ot her wit h Salam, j ust as Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ｚΒエ ͡ ゎ∠ ぴ (Their greet ing t herin will be: "Salaman (peace!).'') (14:23) And, as we ment ioned, t heir words will be free from impure and needless speech.

ケ∃ ∇ギシ ͡ ヴ͡プ - ͡リΒ͡ヨ∠Β∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ べ∠ョ ͡リΒ͡ヨ∠Β∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ - ∃キヱ⊥ギ∇ヨョｚ モ ｙニ ͡ ヱ∠ - キ∃ ヲ⊥ツレｚョ ウ ∃ ∇ヤデ ∠ ヱ∠ - キ∃ ヲ⊥ツ∇ガョｚ る∃ ハ ∠ ヲ⊥ト∇ボョ∠ Ι ｚ - り∃ ゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ る∃ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠プヱ∠ - ゆ ∃ ヲ⊥ム∇ジョｚ ￢∃ べ∠ョヱ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ほゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ べｚル͡ま - る∃ ハ ∠ ヲ⊥プ∇ゲョｚ ス ∃ ゲ⊥ プ⊥ ヱ∠ - る∃ ハ ∠ ヲ⊥レ∇ヨョ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔よや∠ゲ∇ゎぺ∠ ゅ⇔よ⊥ゲハ ⊥ - や⇔ゲ⇒∠ム∇よぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ - ￢⇔ べ∠ゼル͡ま びリ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タΙ ６ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∀るヤｚを⊥ ∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∀るヤｚを⊥ ぴ (27. And t hose on t he right -- how (fort unat e) will be t hose on t he right ) (28. (They will be) among Sidri Makhdud,) (29. And among Talh Mandud.) (30. And in shade Mamdud,) (31. And by wat er flowing const ant ly,) (32. And fruit in plent y,) (33. Whose supply is not cut off nor are t hey out of reach.) (34. And on couches, raised high.) (35. Verily, We have creat ed t hem a special creat ion.) (36. And made t hem virgins.) (37. ` Urub, At rab.) (38. For t hose on t he right .) (39. A mult it ude of t hose will be from t he first generat ion.) (40. And a mult it ude of t hose will be from t he lat er generat ions.)

The Reward of Those on the Right After Allah ment ioned t he final dest inat ion of t hose foremost in fait h, t he nearest t o Him, He next ment ioned t he end of t hose on t he right , t he right eous believers. Maymun bin Mihran said t hat t hose on t he right side are lesser in rank t han t he foremost in fait h. Allah said,

び ͡リΒ͡ヨ∠Β∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ べ∠ョ ͡リΒ͡ヨ∠Β∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hose on t he right -- how (fort unat e) will be t hose on t he right ) who are t hose on t he right , what is t heir condit ion and what will t heir final dest inat ion be like Allah next answers t his quest ion by saying,

び キ∃ ヲ⊥ツ∇ガョｚ ケ∃ ∇ギシ ͡ ヴ͡プぴ ((t hey will be) among Sidr Makhdud.) Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah, Muj ahid, Ibn Al-Ahwas, Qasamah bin Zuhayr, As-Safr bin Nusayr, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, ` Abdullah bin Kat hir, As-Suddi, Abu Hazrah and several ot hers said, "The kind wit hout t horns.'' And from Ibn ` Abbas: "It is t he one t hat is laden wit h fruit s.'' This is also report ed from ` Ikrimah and Muj ahid. Similar was also said by Qat adah as we ment ioned. So it is t he one wit h a full load of fruit s wit hout t horns. So it appears t hat bot h meanings apply here. The lot e t ree, of t his life is t horny and carries few fruit s. In t he Hereaft er, it is t he opposit e; it does not have t horns and carries plent y of fruit , t he weight of which st rains it s t runk. ` Ut bah bin ` Abd As-Sulami said, "I was sit t ing wit h Allah's Messenger , when a bedouin came and said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Have you heard about t he t ree t hat has more t horns t han any ot her being in Paradise' Meaning t he Talh t ree. So Allah's Messenger said:

モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ∩⇔りゲ∠ ヨ∠ を∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ る∃ ミ∠ ∇ヲセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ⇔ル∇ヲャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ∇らシ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∩͡キヲ⊥ら∇ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ザ ͡ ∇Βわｚ ャや り͡ ヲ∠ ∇ダカ ⊥ «ゲ∠カへ ∀ラ∇ヲ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ら͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∩͡ュゅ∠バト ｚ ャや (For each spot t hat t here was a t horn on it , Allah inst ead put fruit , similar t o a cast rat ed t ight skinned ram, a food having sevent y colors, each different t han t he ot her.) Allah's said,

び キ∃ ヲ⊥ツレｚョ ウ ∃ ∇ヤデ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and among Talh Mandud.) refers t o large t horny shrub t hat used t o grow in t he area of Hij az (West ern Arabia). Muj ahid said t hat

び∃キヲ⊥ツ∇レョｚ ぴ

(Mandud) means: "It s fruit s are piled on t op of each ot her. Allah is reminding t he Quraysh of t hese kinds of t rees, since t hey used t o like t he shade t hat t he Talh and Sidr provided for t hem.'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Sa` id said t hat

び キ∃ ヲ⊥ツレｚョ ウ ∃ ∇ヤデ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Talh Mandud) means: "The banana t ree.'' And he (Ibn Abi Hat im) said, "Similar is report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, Abu Hurayrah, Al-Hasan, ` Ikrimah, Qasamah bin Zuhayr, Qat adah and Abu Hazrah. '' Muj ahid and Ibn Zayd said similalry, Ibn Zayd added, "The people of Yemen call t he banana t ree, Talh.'' Ibn Jarir ment ioned no ot her explanat ion for Talh. Allah said,

び ∃キヱ⊥ギ∇ヨョｚ モ ｙニ ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And in shade Mamdud (ext ended).) Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,

ゅ∠ヰヤあニ ͡ ヶ͡プ ょ ⊥ ミ͡ やｚゲャや ゲ⊥ Β͡ジΑ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡» :∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ラま͡ やヱ⊥ぼゲ∠ ∇ホや ∩ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ュ∃ ゅ∠ハ る∠ も∠ ゅ͡ョ «び ∃キヱ⊥ギ∇ヨョｚ モ ｙニ ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (In Paradise, t here is a t ree t hat a rider can t ravel for a hundred years under it s shade but would not be able t o pass it . Recit e if you will: (And in shade ext ended.)) Muslim also collect ed t his Hadit h. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ヰヤあニ ͡ ヶ͡プ ょ ⊥ ミ͡ やｚゲャや ゲ⊥ Β͡ジΑ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡» :∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ∇ラま͡ やヱ⊥ぼゲ∠ ∇ホや ∩∃ュゅ∠ハ る∠ も∠ ゅ͡ョ «び ∃キヱ⊥ギ∇ヨョｚ モ ｙニ ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (There is a t ree in Paradise t he shade of which a rider would t ake one hundred years t o pass. Recit e if you will: (And in shade ext ended.)) Muslim, Al-Bukhari and ` Abdur-Razzaq collect ed t his Hadit h. Allah said,

び る∃ ハ ∠ ヲ⊥レ∇ヨョ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ ハ ∠ ヲ⊥ト∇ボョ∠ Ι ｚ - り∃ ゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ る∃ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠プヱ∠ ぴ (And fruit in plent y, whose supply is not cut off nor are t hey out of reach.) indicat ing t hat t hey will have plent y of fruit s of various kinds, t hat which no eye has ever seen, no ear has ever heard of and no heart has ever imagined, as Allah said,

や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ⇔ホ∇コケあ り∃ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ を∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ホコ͡ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ び⇔ゅヰ͡ら⇒∠ゼわ∠ ョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎぺ⊥ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ホコ͡ ケ⊥ ン͡グャｚや (Every t ime t hey will be provided wit h a fruit t herefrom, t hey will say: "This is what we were provided wit h before, "and t hey will be given t hings in resemblance.)(2:25) The shape will appear similar, but t he t ast e is different . In t he Two Sahihs, Sidrat Al-Munt aha (t he t ree in t he sevent h heaven) is described as:

メ ͡ ゅ∠ヤホ͡ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ゅ∠ヰボ⊥ ∇らル∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡るヤ∠Β∠ ヘ͡ ∇ャや ラ ͡ や∠クべ∠ミ ゅ∠ヰホ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ » «ゲ∠イワ∠ (...it s leaves were like t he ears of elephant s and it s Nabir fruit s resembled t he clay j ugs of Haj ar.) The Two Sahihs also collect ed a Hadit h from Ibn ` Abbas, who said, "The sun was eclipsed and Allah's Messenger led t he people in t he Eclipse prayer. They asked, ` O Allah's Messenger, we saw you reach out for somet hing while st anding (in prayer), but t hen you st epped back.' He said,

∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩やキ⇔ ヲ⊥ボ∇レハ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ャヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ∠ プ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヶあルま͡» «ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ろ ͡ Β∠ ボ͡ よ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤミ∠ ほ∠ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ (I saw Paradise and reached out for a clust er of fruit from it . Had I done so, you would have kept eat ing from it for t he remainder of t he life of t he world.)'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Ut bah bin ` Abd As-Sulami said, "A bedouin man came t o t he Messenger of Allah and asked him about t he Hawd and Paradise. The bedouin asked, ` Does Paradise have fruit s' The Prophet said,

«ヴ∠よヲ⊥デ ヴ∠ハ∇ギゎ⊥ り∀ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プヱ∠ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » (Yes, and it also has a t ree called Tuba.) ぴ(He ) said somet hing more saying but I could not recall it び. The bedouin asked, ` Does it look like any of t he t rees t hat grow in our area' The Prophet said,

«マ͡ッ∇ケぺ∠ ゲ͡ イ ∠セ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ら͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ∇ろジ ∠ ∇Βャ∠» (There is not hing resembling it among t he t rees in your land.) The Prophet t hen asked him,

«∨∠ュゅｚゼャや ろ ∠ ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠» (Have you t raveled t o Ash-Sham area) The bedouin said: ` No.' The Prophet said,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ら⊥ ∇レゎ∠ ∩∠りコ∠ ∇ヲイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ハ∇ギゎ⊥ ュ͡ ゅｚゼャゅ͡よ り⇔ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ヮ⊥ ら͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ » «ゅ∠ワゅ∠ヤ∇ハぺ∠ ス ⊥ ゲ͡ ヘ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∃りギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ ベ ∃ ゅ∠シ (It looks like a t ree t hat grows in Ash-Sham area and is called Al-Jawzah, which st ands on one st em but it s branches grow all around t o t he fullest ext ent .) The bedouin asked, ` How big is t he clust er of it s fruit s' The Prophet said,

«ゲ⊥わ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ノ͡ ボ∠ ∇よほ∠∇ャや ゆ ͡ や∠ゲピ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ゲ∃ ∇ヰセ ∠ り⊥ ゲ∠ Β͡ジョ∠ » (The dist ance t hat t he crow flies in one mont h wit hout rest .) The bedouin asked, ` How huge it s t runk is' The Prophet said,

∇ろデ ∠ ゅ∠ェぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ モ ͡ よ͡ ま͡ リ͡ョ る∀ ハ ∠ グ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ろヤ∠エ ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ケや ヲ͡ ャ∠» «ゅ⇔ョゲ∠ ワ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ⊥ ヲ∠ ホ⊥ ∇ゲゎ∠ ゲ∠ ジ ͡ ム∠ ∇レゎ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇タほ∠よ͡ (If a four-year old she-camel t hat your family owns t ravels it , it will not complet ely pass it s t runk unt il it s shoulders break from old age.) The man asked, ` Does it bear grapes' The Prophet answered in yes. The bedouin asked, ` How big are t he grapes' The Prophet said,

«∨ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌ∠ハ テ ぁ ホ∠ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ レ∠ ビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇Βゎ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥よぺ∠ ウ ∠ よ∠ ク∠ ∇モワ∠ » (Has your fat her ever slaught ered a ram) The bedouin answered, ` Yes,' and t he Prophet asked him,

ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ヵ͡グガ ͡ ゎｚ や :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ マ ∠ ョｚ ぺ⊥ ロ⊥ ゅ∠ト∇ハほ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠ワま͡ オ ∠ ヤ∠ジ ∠ プ∠ » «∨や⇔ヲ∇ャキ∠ (And t hen he skinned it and gave t he skin t o your mot her and asked her t o make a hanging bucket out of it ) The bedouin again said yes and said, ` This grape would suffice for me and my family!' The Prophet agreed and said,

«マ͡ゎゲ∠ Β͡ゼハ ∠ る∠ ョｚ ゅ∠ハヱ∠ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » (Yes, and also for t he rest of your clan.)'' Allah's st at ement ,

び る∃ ハ ∠ ヲ⊥レ∇ヨョ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ ハ ∠ ヲ⊥ト∇ボョ∠ Ι ｚぴ

(Whose supply is not cut off nor are t hey out of reach.) The supply of t hese fruit s never runs out , wint er or summer. Rat her, t hey are always available for t hose who want t o eat from t hem, forever. Whenever t hese fruit s are desired, t hey will be available and easy t o grasp by Allah's power. Qat adah said, "Not hing will prevent t hem from reaching out t o get t hese fruit s, no branches, t horns or dist ance.'' We ment ioned a Hadit h before t hat st at es t hat whenever someone t akes a fruit in Paradise, anot her one grows in it s place. Allah said, aft erwards:

び る∃ ハ ∠ ヲ⊥プ∇ゲョｚ ス ∃ ゲ⊥ プ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And on couches, raised high.) meaning, high, soft and comfort able. Allah said,

ゅ⇔よ⊥ゲハ ⊥ - や⇔ゲ⇒∠ム∇よぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ - ￢⇔ べ∠ゼル͡ま ｚリヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ほゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ べｚルま͡ぴ び ͡リΒ͡ヨ∠Β∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タΙ ６ - ゅ⇔よや∠ゲ∇ゎぺ∠ (Verily, We have creat ed t hem a special creat ion. And made t hem virgins.` Urub, At rab. For t hose on t he right .) The Ayat describe t he women who will be on t he beds and couches, but since ment ioning t he beds hint s t o t hem, t hey were not direct ly ment ioned. For inst ance, Allah said t hat Sulayman said,

- キ⊥ ゅ∠Βイ ͡ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レヘ͡ ⇒ｚダャや ヴ あゼ ͡ バ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ チ ∠ ゲ͡ ハ ⊥ ∇クま͡ぴ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヴ͡よケ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ｚょェ ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇らら∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ び ͡ゆゅ∠イ͡エ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇れケ∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ (When t here were displayed before him, in t he aft ernoon, well-t rained horses of t he highest breed. He said, "I did love t he good inst ead of remembering my Lord,'' t ill t he t ime was over, and it had hidden in t he veil (of night ).) (38:31-32), "it '' (Tawarat ) refers t o t he sun set t ing, according t o t he scholars of Tafsir. Al-Akhfash said t hat Ayah,

びｚリヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ほゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ べｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We have creat ed t hem), implied t he maidens of Paradise alt hough it did not ment ion t hem direct ly. Abu ` Ubaydah said t hat t hey were ment ioned before in Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ͡ ヲ⊥レ∇ムヨ∠ ∇ャや ぽ͡ ャ⊥∇ぽヤぁャや モ ͡ ⇒∠ん∇ョほ∠ミ∠ - ∀リΒ͡ハ ∀ケヲ⊥ェヱ∠ ぴ (And Hur (fair females) wit h wide lovely eyes. Like preserved pearls.) Therefore, Allah's st at ement ,

びｚリヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ほゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ べｚルま͡ぴ

(Verily, We have creat ed t hem), meaning, in t he ot her life, aft er t hey became old in t his life, t hey were brought back while virgin, yout hf ul, being delight fully passionat e wit h t heir husbands, beaut iful, kind and cheerful. Abu Dawud At -Tayalisi recorded t hat Anas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヶ͡プ や∠グミ∠ ヱ∠ や∠グミ∠ り∠ ヲｚ ホ⊥ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ト∇バΑ⊥ » «￢ゅ∠ジレあ ャや (In Paradise, t he believer will be given such and such st rengt h for women.) Anas said, "I asked, ` O Allah's Messenger! Will one be able t o do t hat ' He said,

«る∠もゅ͡ョ り∠ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ヴ∠ト∇バΑ⊥ » (He will be given t he st rengt h of a hundred (men).)'' At -Tirmidhi also recorded it and said, "Sahih Gharib.'' Abu Al-Qasim At -Tabarani recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah was asked, "O Allah's Messenger! Will we have sexual int ercourse wit h our wives in Paradise'' He said,

«￢や∠ケ∇グハ ∠ る͡ も∠ ゅ͡ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ モ ⊥ダ ͡ Β∠ ャ∠ モ ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» (The man will be able t o have sexual int ercourse wit h a hundred virgins in one day.) Al-Hafiz Abu ` Abdullah Al-Maqdisi said, "In my view, t his Hadit h meet s t he crit eria of t he Sahih, and Allah knows best .'' Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔ゅよ⊥ゲハ ⊥ぴ (` Urub,) Sa` id bin Jubayr report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "They are in an infat uat ed st at e wit h t heir husbands, haven't you ever seen a she-camel in heat She is like t hat .'' Ad-Dahhak report ed from Ibn ` Abbas who said, "The Urub and t heir husbands are t heir sweet heart s, and t hey are t heir husbands' sweet heart s.'' Similar was said by ` Abdullah bin Sarj is, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Abu Al-` Aliyah, Yahya bin Abi Kat hir, ` At iyah, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak and ot hers. AdDahhak report ed from Ibn ` Abbas;

び⇔ゅよや∠ゲ∇ゎぺ∠ぴ (At rab), means "They will be of one age, t hirt y-t hree years old.'' Muj ahid said, "Equal (age).'' And in a different narrat ion, "Similar (age).'' ` At iyah said, "Comparat ive.'' Allah said,

び ͡リΒ͡ヨ∠Β∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タΙ ６ぴ (For t hose on t he right .) meaning, t hese women were creat ed, kept or given in marriage t o t hose on t he right . It appears t hat t he meaning here is t hat t hey were creat ed for t hose on t he right side, because Allah said,

ゅ⇔よ⊥ゲハ ⊥ - や⇔ゲ⇒∠ム∇よぺ∠ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ - ￢⇔ べ∠ゼル͡ま ｚリヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ほゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ べｚルま͡ぴ び ͡リΒ͡ヨ∠Β∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タΙ ６ - ゅ⇔よや∠ゲ∇ゎぺ∠ (Verily, We have creat ed t hem a special creat ion. And made t hem virgins. ` Urub, At rab. For t hose on t he right .) This is t he view of Ibn Jarir. It is possible t hat Allah's st at ement ,

び ͡リΒ͡ヨ∠Β∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タΙ ６ぴ (For t hose on t he right .) refers t o t he descript ion t hat came j ust before,

びリ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タΙ ６ - ゅ⇔よや∠ゲ∇ゎぺ∠ ゅ⇔よ⊥ゲハ ⊥ぴ (At rab. For t hose on t he right .) meaning, in t heir age. Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや り͡ ケ∠ ヲ⊥タ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ ∇ョコ⊥ メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠» ギあ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢͡ ∇ヲッ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∩͡ケ∇ギら∠ ∇ャや る∠ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠ラヲ⊥ャヲ⊥らΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩⇔り￢∠ ゅ∠ッま͡ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ヵ ∠ ケあ キ⊥ ょ ∃ ミ∠ ∇ヲミ∠ ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ デ ⊥ ゅ∠ゼ∇ョぺ∠ ∩∠ラヲ⊥トガ ｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠ラヲ⊥ヤヘ⊥ ∇わΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠ラヲ⊥デヲｚ ピ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∩⊥りヲｚ ャ⊥ほ∠∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ͡ ゅイ ∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥マ∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ エ ⊥ ∇セケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ょワ∠ グｚ ャや ペ ͡ ヤ⊥カ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ ゅ∠ヤ∇カぺ∠ ∩⊥リΒ͡バ∇ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥エ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ィ ⊥ や∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁわシ ͡ ∩∠ュキ∠ へ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡よぺ∠ り͡ ケ∠ ヲ⊥タ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∩∃ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ «￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ⇔ハや∠ケク͡ (The first group t o ent er Paradise will be (shining) like t he moon when it is full. The next group will be like t he most radiant planet in t he sky. They will not urinat e, relieve nat ure, spit or blow t heir noses. Their combs will be of gold and t heir sweat of musk; and censers of aloeswood will be used. Their wives will be from Al-Hur Al-` Ayn. Their shape will be similar t o each ot her, t he shape of t heir fat her ` Adam, sixt y cubit s high in t he sky.) Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∀るヤｚを⊥ ∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∀るヤｚを⊥ ぴ

(A mult it ude of t hose will be from t he first generat ion. And a mult it ude of t hose will be from t he lat er generat ions.) means, a mult it ude of t hose on t he right will come from t he earlier generat ions and a mult it ude from t he lat t er generat ions. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "We were wit h t he Prophet one night and in t he next morning we went t o him and he said,

ゲぁ ヨ⊥ Β∠ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰヨ͡ ョ∠ ほ⊥よ͡ ゅ∠ヰハ ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇ゎぺ∠ヱ∠ ￢⊥ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろッ ∠ ゲ͡ ハ ⊥» ヶ͡プ ヶ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや∠ヱ ∩͡るよ∠ ゅ∠ダバ͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ヶ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや∠ヱ ∩ぁヶら͡ レｚ ャや ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ «ギ∠ェぺ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ヶ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや∠ヱ ∩͡るを∠ ゅ∠ヤんｚ ャや (Some Prophet s and t heir nat ions were displayed before me. A Prophet would pass in front of me wit h a group of men, and anot her wit h t hree men, and anot her wit h nobody wit h him.) Qat adah, one of t he narrat ors of t he Hadit h, t hen recit ed t his Ayah,

び∀ギΒ͡セケｚ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Is t here not among you a single right -minded man)(11:78)

∇リョ͡ る∃ ら∠ ム∠ ∇らミ∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ や∠ゲ∇ヨハ ͡ リ ⊥ ∇よ ヴ∠シ∇ヲョ⊥ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ゲｚ ョ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠» «モΒ͡もや∠ゲ∇シま͡ ヶ͡レよ∠ (Unt il Musa, son of ` Imran passed me, wit h a great crowd from t he Children of Israel.) So he said;

リ ⊥ ∇よ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥カぺ∠ や∠グワ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨や∠グワ ∇リョ∠ ヶあよケ∠ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ » «モΒ͡もや∠ゲ∇シま ヶ͡レよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ら͡ ゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ や∠ゲ∇ヨハ ͡ メゅホ:

マ ∠ レ͡ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルや :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Αほ∠プ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ » «ゆや∠ゲヌ あ ャや ヶ͡プ メゅホ:

«メゅ∠ィゲあ ャや ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ »

メゅホ:

«∨∠ろΒ͡ッケ∠ ぺ∠ :メ ∠ ゅホ∠ » メゅホ:

«ゆ∠ケ ろ ⊥ Β͡ッケ∠ ∇ギホ∠ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ » . メゅホ:

ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∠ポケ͡ ゅ∠ジΑ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ペ ͡ プ⊥ ほ⊥∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルや» «メゅ∠ィゲあ ャや メゅホ:

«ゆ∠ケ ろ ⊥ Β͡ッケ∠ ∇ギホ∠ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∨∠ろΒ͡ッケ∠ ぺ∠» メゅホ:

ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ∇ャぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ャぽ⊥ ワ ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ » «ゆゅジ ∠ェ ͡ (So, I asked my Lord, "Who is t his'' He said, "This is your brot her Musa, son of ` Imran, and t hose who followed him among t he Children of Israel.'' I said, "O Lord! Where is my Ummah'' Allah said, "Look t o your right on t he hill,'' and I looked and saw faces of men. Allah said, "Are you pleased,'' and I said, "I am pleased O Lord!'' Allah said, "Look t o t he horizon t o your left ,'' and I saw faces of men. He again asked, "Are you pleased,'' and I said, "I am pleased, O Lord!'' He said, "And wit h t hem are sevent y-t housand who will ent er Paradise wit hout reckoning.'') ` Ukkashah bin Mihsan from Bani Asad, one of t hose who part icipat ed in t he bat t le of Badr, said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Invoke Allah t o make me one of t hem.' The Prophet said,

«ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ィや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや» (O Allah, make him one of t hem.) Anot her man said, ` O Allah's Messenger, invoke Allah t o make me one of t hem.' The Prophet said,

«る∠セゅｚムハ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ マ ∠ ボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠» (` Ukkashah beat you t o it .) Allah's Messenger said,

∇リョ͡ やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヶあョぺ⊥∠ヱ ヶ͡よぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ギプ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ラ ͡ み͡プ∠ » ∇リョ͡ やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムプ∠ ゅｚャま͡ヱ∠ ∩やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇プゅ∠プ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らジ ｚ ャや ゆゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムプ∠ ゅｚャ͡ま∠ヱ ∩͡ゆや∠ゲヌ あ ャや ゆ ͡ ゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ やヲ⊥らセ ｚ ほ∠ゎ∠ ∇ギホ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ゅ⇔シゅ∠ル ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヶあルみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ペプ⊥ ほ⊥∇ャや «ヮ∠ャ∇ヲェ ∠ (Therefore, may I sacrifice my fat her and mot her for you! Try t o be among t he sevent y (t housands), or among t he crowds on t he right , or t he crowds t hat covered t he side of t he horizon, because I saw large crowds gat hering on t hat side.) He cont inued:

«るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ノ∠ よ⊥ ケ⊥ やヲル⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケほ∠ャ∠ ヶあルま͡» (I hope t hat you will be a fourt h of t he people of Paradise.) and we said, ` Allahu Akbar. ' He said,

«るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ゑ ∠ ヤ⊥を⊥ やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケほ∠ャ∠ ヶあルま͡» (I hope t hat you will be a t hird of t he people of Paradise.) and we said, ` Allahu Akbar.' The Prophet said,

«るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ダル͡ やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケほ∠ャ∠ ヶあルま͡» (I hope t hat you will be half of t he people of Paradise,) and we said ` Allahu Akbar.' Then Allah's Messenger recit ed t his Ayah:

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∀るヤｚを⊥ ∠ヱ リ ∠ Βャ͡ヱｚ Ι ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∀るヤｚを⊥ ぴ (A mult it ude of t hose will be from t he first generat ion. And a mult it ude of t hose will be from t he lat er generat ions.) We said t o each ot her, ` Who are t hose sevent y t housand' We t hen said, ` They are t hose who were born in Islam and did not associat e (anyt hing or anyone in t he worship of Allah).' When what we said reached t he Prophet , he said,

ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホ∇ゲわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠ラヱ⊥ヲわ∠ ∇ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ » «ラヲ⊥ヤミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ∩∠ラヱ⊥ゲΒｚ ト ∠ わ∠ Α∠

(They are t he people who do not get t reat ed by caut erizat ion t hemselves, do not ask for Ruqyah (get oneself t reat ed by t he recit at ion of some verses of t he Qur` an) and do not draw an evil omen from (birds), but put t heir t rust (only) in t heir Lord.)'' This Hadit h has many chains of narrat ion collect ed in t he Sahihs and ot her collect ions of Hadit h.

ヴ͡プ - メ ͡ ゅ∠ヨゼ あ ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ べ∠ョ メ ͡ ゅ∠ヨゼ あ ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ キ∃ ケ͡ ゅ∠よ Ι ｚ - ュ∃ ヲ⊥ヨ∇エΑ∠ リあョ モ ｙニ ͡ ヱ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∃ ヲ⊥ヨシ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡プゲ∠ ∇わョ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ - ユ∃ Α͡ゲミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ゑ ͡ レ͡エ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲダ ͡ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をヲ⊥バ∇らヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚル￢͡ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヌハ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ゲゎ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇わョ͡ や∠ク￢͡ ぺ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱｚ Ι ｘ や ゅ∠ルぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハヲ⊥ヨ∇イヨ∠ ャ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ラ ∠ ヲぁャべｚツャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ - ュ∃ ヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ボΒ͡ョ - ュ∃ ヲぁホコ∠ リあョ ゲ∃ イ ∠セ ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ͡ Ι ∂ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ⇒∠ゼプ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥トら⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥⇒ャ͡ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ゴ⊥ ル⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ - ユ͡ Β͡ヰ∇ャや ゆ ∠ ∇ゲセ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ⇒∠ゼプ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや びリ ͡ Αあギャや (41. And t hose on t he left How will be t hose on t he left ) (42. In Samum, and Hamim.) (43. And a shadow from Yahmum,) (44. Neit her Barid nor Karim,) (45. Verily, before t hat , t hey indulged in luxury,) (46. And were persist ing in great sin.) (47. And t hey used t o say: "When we die and become dust and bones, shall we t hen indeed be resurrect ed'') (48. "And also our forefat hers'') (49. Say: "(Yes) verily, t hose of old, and t hose of lat er t imes.'') (50. "All will surely be gat hered t oget her for appoint ed meet ing of a known Day.'') (51. "Then verily, --- you t he erring -- ones, t he deniers!'') (52. "You verily, will eat of t he t rees of Zaqqum.'') (53. "Then you will fill your bellies t herewit h,'') (54. "And drink t he Hamim on t op of it .'') (55. "And you will drink (t hat ) like Al-Him!'') (56. That will be t heir ent ert ainment on t he Day of Recompense!)

Those on the Left and Their Recompense

Aft er Allah ment ioned t he condit ion of t hose on t he right hand, He t hen ment ioned t he condit ion of t hose on t he left hand,

びメ ͡ ゅ∠ヨゼ あ ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ べ∠ョ ͡メゅ∠ヨゼ あ ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hose on t he left How will be t hose on t he left ) meaning, ` What is t he condit ion of t hose on t he left ,' t hen explains His st at ement , by saying,

び∃ュヲ⊥ヨシ ∠ ヴ͡プぴ (in Samum,) means, a fierce hot wind,

びユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and Hamim.) i.e., boiling wat er,

び ュ∃ ヲ⊥ヨ∇エΑ∠ リあョ モ ｙニ ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And a shadow from Yahmum,) t he shadow of smoke, according t o Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Abu Salih, Qat adah, As-Suddi and ot hers. In a similar st at ement , Allah said,

ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ͡ト ∠ ルや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ͡ト ∠ ルやぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∃ Β͡ヤニ ∠ Ι ｚ -ょ ∃ バ∠ セ ⊥ ゑ ͡ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ン͡ク モ ｙニ ͡ ∀るヤ∠⇒∠ヨィ ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ - ゲ͡ ∇ダボ∠ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ケ∃ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ よ͡ ヴ͡ョ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ - ょ ͡ ヰ∠ ヤｚャや びリ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ ∀ゲ∇ヘタ ⊥ ("Depart you t o t hat which you used t o deny! Depart you t o a shadow in t hree columns, neit her shady nor of any use against t he fierce flame of t he Fire. '' Verily, it t hrows sparks like fort resses, as if t hey were yellow camels or bundles of ropes. Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers.)(77:29-34). Allah said in t his Ayah,

び ュ∃ ヲ⊥ヨ∇エΑ∠ リあョ モ ｙニ ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And a shadow from Yahmum,) meaning, black smoke,

び ユ∃ Α͡ゲミ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ キ∃ ケ͡ ゅ∠よ Ι ｚぴ

(Neit her Barid nor Karim,) means, it neit her brings soft , cool breeze nor appears clear. AlHasan and Qat adah comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

び∃ユΑ͡ゲミ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor Karim) "It s sight is not pleasant .'' Ad-Dahhak said, "Every drink t hat is not fresh, is not Karim (pleasant ). Then, Allah t he Exalt ed st at ed t hat t hey deserve t his end,

びリ ∠ Β͡プゲ∠ ∇わョ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, before t hat , t hey indulged in luxury,) meaning, in t he life of t he world, t hey were enj oying life's pleasures and sat isfying t heir lust s, all t he while ignoring what t he Messengers brought t o t hem,

び∠ラヱぁゲダ ͡ Α⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (And were persist ing), means, t hey persist ed and did not int end t o repent ,

び͡ユΒ͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ゑ ͡ レ͡エ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (in great sin.) in disbelief in Allah and claiming t hat t he idols and rivals were gods besides Allah. It means idolat ry, according t o Ibn ` Abbas. This is also t he meaning report ed from Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah, As-Suddi and ot hers. Allah said,

ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヌハ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ゲゎ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇わョ͡ や∠ク￢͡ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱｚ Ι ｘ や ゅ∠ルぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をヲ⊥バ∇らヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚル￢͡ ぺ∠ (And t hey used t o say: "When we die and become dust and bones, shall we t hen indeed be resurrect ed And also our forefat hers'') They said t his while denying and rej ect ing t he idea t hat resurrect ion will ever occur. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハヲ⊥ヨ∇イヨ∠ ャ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び ュ∃ ヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ボΒ͡ョ (Say: "(Yes) verily, t hose of old, and t hose of lat er t imes. All will surely be gat hered t oget her for appoint ed meet ing of a known Day.'') meaning, ` Say, O Muhammad, t hat t he earlier and lat t er generat ions of t he Children of Adam will be gat hered for t he Day of Resurrect ion and none of t hem will be left out . Allah t he Exalt ed said:

マ ∠ ャ͡ク り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ フ ∠ ゅ∠カ ∇リヨ∠ ャあ る⇔ Α∠ Γ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ - キ∀ ヲ⊥ヰ∇ゼョｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∀ネヲ⊥ヨ∇イョｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ユ⊥ ヤｚム∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ∃キヱ⊥ギ∇バョｚ モ ∃ィ ∠Ι ６ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ あカぽ∠ ル⊥ び ∀ギΒ͡バシ ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ ｘ ボ͡ セ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ (That is a Day whereon mankind will be gat hered t oget her, and t hat is a Day when all will be present . And We delay it only for a t erm fixed. On t he Day when it comes, no person shall speak except by His leave. Some among t hem will be wret ched and (ot hers) blessed.)(11:103105) He also said here,

び ュ∃ ヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ボΒ͡ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハヲ⊥ヨ∇イヨ∠ ャ∠ぴ (All will surely be gat hered t oget her for appoint ed meet ing of a known Day.) because t hat t ime is precisely designat ed and will not come lat e, early, nor increase or decrease. Allah said,

リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ͡ Ι ∂ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲぁャべｚツャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥トら⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥⇒ャ͡ゅ∠ヨプ∠ - ュ∃ ヲぁホコ∠ リあョ ゲ∃ イ ∠セ ∠ (Then verily, --- you t he erring-ones, t he deniers! You verily, will eat of t he t rees of Zaqqum. Then you will fill your bellies t herewit h.) indicat ing t hat t hey will be seized and made t o eat from t he Zaqqum t ree unt il t heir st omachs become full,

ゆ ∠ ∇ゲセ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ⇒∠ゼプ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ⇒∠ゼプ∠ ぴ び ユ͡ Β͡ヰ∇ャや (And drink t he Hamim on t op of it . And you will drink (t hat ) like Al-Him!) Hamim is boiling wat er, while Al-Him means t hirst y camels, according t o Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr and ` Ikrimah. As-Suddi said "Al-Him is a disease t hat st rikes camels, causing t hem t o feel t hirst , and t hey drink unt il t hey die.'' Therefore, he said, t he people of Hell, will never quench t heir t hirst from drinking Hamim. Allah, t he Exalt ed, said,

びリ ͡ Αあギャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ゴ⊥ ル⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (That will be t heir ent ert ainment on t he Day of Recompense!) ` t his, what We have described, is t heir ent ert ainment wit h t heir Lord on t he Day of t heir Reckoning.' Allah t he Exalt ed said in t he case of t he believers,

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びΙ ⇔ ゴ⊥ ル⊥ サ ͡ ∇ヱキ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ (Verily, t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, shall have t he Gardens of Al-Firdaws (Paradise) for t heir ent ert ainment .)(18:107), i.e., hospit alit y and honor.

ゅｚョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホギあ ダ ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ぴ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヤ͡⇒∠ガ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ュ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ボヤ⊥∇ガゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠￢ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レ∇ヨゎ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡ホヲ⊥ら∇ジヨ∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ケギｚ ホ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ∠ ゼ ͡ レ⊥ルヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ん∇ョぺ∠ メ ∠ ギあ ら∠ ルぁ ラ∠ぺ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや り∠ ほ∠∇ゼレｚ ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ (57. We creat ed you, t hen why do you believe not ) (58. Do you not see t he semen you emit .) (59. Is it you who creat e it , or are We t he Creat or) (60. We have decreed deat h t o you all, and We are not out st ripped,) (61. To t ransfigure you and creat e you in (forms) t hat you know not .) (62. And indeed, you have already known t he first form of creat ion, why t hen do you not remember)

Proof that Resurrection will occur Allah assert s t hat Resurrect ion will occur and refut es t he misguided at heist s who deny it , t hose who said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥をヲ⊥バ∇らヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚル￢͡ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヌハ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ゲゎ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇わョ͡ や∠ク￢͡ ぺ∠ぴ (When we die and become dust and bones, shall we t hen indeed be resurrect ed) ぴ56:47び They said t his st at ement in denial and discount ing Resurrect ion. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ぴ (We creat ed you,) meaning, ` We have creat ed you aft er you were not hing. Therefore, is not t hat Who is able t o st art t he creat ion, more able t o bring it back' Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ホあギダ ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ

(t hen why do you believe not ) ` why do you not t hen believe in Resurrect ion' Then Allah said, while bringing fort h evidence t hat Resurrect ion occurs,

リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ュ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ボヤ⊥∇ガゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠￢ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レ∇ヨゎ⊥ ゅｚョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヤ͡⇒∠ガ∇ャや (Do you not see t he semen you emit . Is it you who creat e it , or are We t he Creat or) meaning, ` do you make t he semen remain in t he wombs and creat e life from it t herein, st age aft er st age Or is Allah t he One Who does all t his' Allah said,

び∠れ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ケギｚ ホ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ぴ (We have decreed deat h t o you all,) meaning, ` We made deat h exist bet ween you.' Ad-Dahhak comment ed, "Allah made t he resident s of t he heavens and eart h equal wit h regards t o deat h.'' Allah said,

び∠リΒ͡ホヲ⊥ら∇ジヨ∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and We are not out st ripped,) meaning, ` We are never unable,'

び∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ん∇ョぺ∠ メ ∠ ギあ ら∠ ルぁ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (To t ransfigure you), meaning, ` t o change your current shapes, on t he Day of Resurrect ion,'

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ∠ ゼ ͡ レ⊥ルヱ∠ ぴ (and creat e you in t hat you know not .) meaning, ` out of shapes and forms.' Allah t he Exalt ed said,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや り∠ ほ∠∇ゼレｚ ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed, you have already known t he first form of creat ion, why t hen do you not remember) meaning, ` you know t hat Allah has creat ed you aft er you were not hing. He creat ed you and gave you hearing, sight and heart s. Will you not t hen remember and t ake heed t hat He Who is able t o creat e you in t he beginning is more able t o bring you back and resurrect you t o life anew' Allah t he Exalt ed said in ot her Ayat ,

ラ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ぺ⊥ギ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠

(And He it is Who originat es t he creat ion, t hen He will repeat it ; and t his is easier for Him.)(30:27),

マ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗ ͡ ま ゲ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ (Does not man remember t hat We creat ed him before, while he was not hing)(19:67),

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ る∃ ヘ∠ ∇トルぁ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ ∠ジ ͡ ル∠ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ - ∀リΒ͡らョｘ ∀ユΒ͡ダ∠カ ン͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ - ∀ユΒ͡ョケ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ユ∠ ⇒∠ヌバ͡ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ エ⊥Α リ∠ョ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ペ ∃ ∇ヤカ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ り∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ べ∠ワほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ (Does not man see t hat We have creat ed him from Nut fah. Yet behold he (st ands fort h) as an open opponent . And he put s fort h for Us a parable, and forget s his own creat ion. He says: " Who will give life t o t hese bones aft er t hey are rot t en and have become dust '' Say: "He will give life t o t hem Who creat ed t hem for t he first t ime! And He is t he All-Knower of every creat ion.'')(36:77-79), and,

る⇔ ヘ∠ ∇トル⊥ マ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ - ン⇔ギシ ⊥ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇わΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ょ ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぺ∠ぴ - ンｚヲジ ∠ プ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠ガ ∠ プ∠ る⇔ ボ∠ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ｚユを⊥ - ヴ∠レ∇ヨΑ⊥ ヴ ｙ レ͡ ョｚ リあョ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ - ヴ∠んルｙΙや∠ヱ ゲ∠ ミ∠ グｚ ャや リ ͡ ∇Βィ ∠ ∇ヱゴｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ び ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ Β͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ∃ ギ͡ ⇒∠ボよ͡ (Does man t hink t hat he will be left neglect ed Was he not a Nut fah of semen emit t ed Then he became an ` Alaqah (a clot ); t hen shaped and fashioned in due proport ion. And made of him t wo sexes, male and female. Is not He able t o give life t o t he dead)(75:36-40)

リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ハケ∠ ∇ゴゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠￢ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をゲ⊥ ∇エゎ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥わ∇Α￢∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤヌ ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠トェ ⊥ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハケ͡ ゴ∠ ャや -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョヱ⊥ゲ∇エョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇モよ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ∠ ∇ピヨ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚル͡ま - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰムｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠

ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠￢ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ン͡グャｚや ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャゴ͡ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ラ ͡ ∇ゴヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡わャｚや ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ィゅ∠ィぺ⊥ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇ュぺ∠ べ∠ヰゎ∠ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠￢ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケヲ⊥ゎ リ ∠ Α͡ヲ∇ボヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ゅ⇔バ⇒∠わョ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゃゼ ͡ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや び ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ ∇ウらあ ジ ∠ プ∠ (63. Do you not see what you sow.) (64. Is it you t hat make it grow, or are We t he Grower) (65. Were it Our will, We could crumble it t o dry pieces, and you would be Tafakkahun.) (66. (Saying:) "We are indeed Mughramun!'') (67. "Nay, but we are deprived!'') (68. Do you not see t he wat er t hat you drink.) (69. Is it you who cause it t o come down from Al-Muzn, or are We t he Cause of it coming down) (70. If We willed, We verily could make it salt y; why t hen do you not give t hanks) (71. Do you not see t he fire which you kindle.) (72. Is it you who made t he t ree t hereof t o grow, or are We t he Grower) (73. We have made it a Reminder, and an art icle of use for t he Muqwin.) (74. Then glorify wit h praises t he Name of your Lord, t he Most Great .)

Allah's Oneness demonstrated by causing the Plants to grow, sending down the Rain and creating the Fire that Mankind needs Allah t he Exalt ed said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥をゲ⊥ ∇エゎ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥わ∇Α￢∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Do you not see what you sow.) in reference t o t illing t he eart h and plant ing seeds inside it ,

び⊥ヮル∠ ヲ⊥ハケ∠ ∇ゴゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠￢ぺ∠ぴ (Is it you t hat make it grow,) ` do you cause t hese seeds t o grow inside t he eart h,'

び∠ラヲ⊥ハケ͡ ゴ∠ ャや リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (or are We t he Grower) Allah says, ` rat her it is We Who cause t he seeds t o remain firmly and grow inside t he eart h.' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ろ∇をゲ∠ ェ ∠ :∇モホ⊥ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ ろ ⊥ ∇ハケ∠ コ∠ :リ ｚ ャ∠ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» (Do not say, "Zara` t u (I made it grew),'' but say, "Harat ht u (I sowed t illed).'') Abu Hurayrah added, "Have you not heard Allah's st at ement ,

リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ハケ∠ ∇ゴゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠￢ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をゲ⊥ ∇エゎ∠ ゅｚョ ユ⊥わ∇Α￢∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハケ͡ ゴ∠ ャや (Do you not see what you sow. Is it you t hat make it grow, or are We t he Grower)'' Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び⇔ゅヨ⇒∠トェ ⊥ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ ャ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ (Were it Our will, We could crumble it t o dry pieces,) meaning, ` We caused t he seeds t o grow wit h Our compassion and mercy and left t hem int act inside t he eart h as mercy for you. If We will, We would t urn t hem dry before t hey ripen and get ready t o be harvest ed,'

び∠ラヲ⊥ヰムｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤヌ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (and you would be Tafakkahun.) Allah explained t his st at ement by saying,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョヱ⊥ゲ∇エョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇モよ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ∠ ∇ピヨ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ ((Saying:) "We are indeed Mughramun! Nay, but we are deprived!'') Allah says, ` if We crumble t he plant s int o dry pieces, you would be wondering regarding what happened, somet imes saying: we are indeed Mughramun, i.e., ruined.' Muj ahid and ` Ikrimah said t hat Mughramun means, being t he subj ect of revenge. Qat adah comment ed, "You would say, ` We were punished,' somet imes, and, ` We were deprived,' some ot her t imes.'' ` Ikrimah said t hat ` You will be Tafakkahun' means ` You will blame each ot her (and yourselves),' or, feel sorrow, according t o Al-Hasan, Qat adah and As-Suddi. They will be feeling grief for what t hey spent or for t he sins t hat t hey have commit t ed in t he past (which cost t he dest ruct ion of t heir plant s). Al-Kisa'i said, "Tafakkaha is bot h t he synonym and t he ant onym.'' The Arabs say Tafakkaht u when t hey mean t hat t hey have enj oyed somet hing or felt grief. Allah t he Exalt ed said next ,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠￢ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ン͡グャｚや ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び͡ラ∇ゴヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Do you not see t he wat er t hat you drink. Is it you who cause it t o come down from Al-Muzn,) meaning clouds, according t o Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and ot hers. Allah said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ャゴ͡ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ (or are We t he Causer of it t o come down) Allah is st at ing t hat indeed He is t he One Who causes t he rain t o fall,

び⇔ゅィゅ∠ィぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ (If We willed, We verily could make it salt y;) meaning salt y, sour, undrinkable and unfit for growing plant s,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (why t hen do you not give t hanks) ` why do you not appreciat e t he favor Allah does for you by sending down t he rain fresh, ready t o consume,'

∀ゆや∠ゲ∠セ ヮ⊥ ∇レｚョ ユ⊥ムャｚ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ ネ ∠ ∇ケゴｚ ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ら͡ レ⊥Α - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ジゎ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゲ∀ イ ∠セ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ んｚ ャや あモミ⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ハΕ ∠ や∠ヱ モ ∠ Β͡ガレｚ ャや∠ヱ ∠ラヲ⊥わ∇Αゴｚ ャや∠ヱ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ る⇔ Α∠ Γ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ (From it you drink and from it (grows) t he veget at ion on which you send your cat t le t o past ure. Wit h it He causes t o grow for you t he crops, t he olives, t he dat e palms, t he grapes, and every kind of fruit . Verily, in t his is indeed an evident proof and a manifest sign for people who give t hought .)(16:10-11) Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケヲ⊥ゎ ヴ͡わャｚや ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Do you not see t he fire which you kindle. ) ` and t he fire you st art wit h t he use of t rees,'

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゃゼ ͡ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇ュぺ∠ べ∠ヰゎ∠ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠￢ぺ∠ぴ (Is it you who made t he t ree t hereof t o grow, or are We t he Grower) meaning, ` rat her We have made kindling fire possible.' The Arabs had t wo kinds of t rees called Al-Markh and Al-` Afar (t hat t hey used t o ignit e a fire). When t hey would rub a green branch from each of t hese t wo t rees against each ot her, sparkles of fire would emit from t hem. Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔りゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒レ∠ ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ぴ

(We have made it a Reminder,) of t he Hellfire, according t o Muj ahid and Qat adah. Qat adah said, "We were t old t hat t he Messenger of Allah said, i

∇リョ͡ ∀￢∇ゴィ ⊥ ∩∠ラヱ⊥ギホ͡ ヲ⊥ゎ ヶ͡わャｚや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ル ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠Α» «ユｚレヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ル ∇リョ͡ や⇔￢∇ゴィ ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ (O people, t his fire of yours t hat you kindle, is but one part out of sevent y part s of t he fire of Hell.) They said, "O Allah's Messenger! This fire alone is sufficient ly hot .'' The Messenger said,

リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚ ョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ よ∠ ∇ゲッ ∠ (￢͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャゅ͡よ) ∇ろよ∠ ゲ͡ ッ ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡» «ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ やヲ⊥ル∇ギΑ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ ヲ⊥レよ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ノ∠ ヘ͡ ∇レわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ (It was submerged in t he wat er t wice so t hat t he Children of ` Adam would be able t o benefit from it and draw closer t o it .) This narrat ion from Qat adah which is Mursal, was recorded by Imam Ahmad in his Musnad from Abu Hurayrah, from t he Prophet ;

ケ͡ ゅ∠ル ∇リョ͡ や⇔￢∇ゴィ ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀￢∇ゴィ ⊥ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠ル ラ ｚ ま͡» ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ゅ∠ャ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡リ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚ ョ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ろよ∠ ゲ͡ ッ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∠ユレｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ «ギ∠ェほ∠ャ͡ る⇔ バ∠ ヘ∠ ∇レョ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ぶ ⊥ やモ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ (Verily, t his fire of yours is one part out of sevent y part s of t he fire of Hell. It was st ruck t wice against t he sea, ot herwise, Allah would not have made benefit in it for anyone.) Imam Malik also recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat Allah's Messenger said,

リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀￢∇ゴィ ⊥ ∩∠ラヱ⊥ギホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ヶ͡わャｚや ュ∠ キ∠ へ ヶレ͡ よ∠ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ル» «ユｚレヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ル ∇リョ͡ や⇔￢∇ゴィ ⊥ (The fire t hat t he Children of ` Adam kindle is one part out of sevent y part s of t he fire of Hell.) They said, "O Allah's Messenger! This fire alone is sufficient ly hot .'' He said,

«や⇔￢∇ゴィ ⊥ リ ∠ Βあわシ ͡ ヱ∠ る∃ バ∠ ∇ジわ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろヤ∠ツ あ プ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡» ((The fire of Hell) was made sixt y-nine t imes hot t er.) Al-Bukhari collect ed t his Hadit h from Malik and Muslim from Abu Az-Zinad. Allah's st at ement ,

び∠リΑ͡ヲ∇ボヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ゅ⇔バ⇒∠わョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and an art icle of use for t he Muqwin.) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak and An-Nadr bin ` Arabi said, "The meaning of Al-Muqwin is t ravelers.'' This is also what Ibn Jarir chose, and he said, "From it comes t he saying Aqwat Ad-Dar (t he house has become empt y), when it s people t raveled.'' ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said t hat here Al-Muqwi means t he hungry. Layt h bin Abi Sulaym report ed t hat Muj ahid said about t he Ayah,

び∠リΑ͡ヲ∇ボヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ゅ⇔バ⇒∠わョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and an art icle of use for t he Muqwin.) "For t hose who are present at t heir homes and t ravelers, for every kind of food t hat requires cooking by fire.'' Ibn Abi Naj ih also report ed t hat Muj ahid said, "` For t he Muqwin, means, all people who enj oy (eat ing food cooked by fire).'' Similar was ment ioned from ` Ikrimah, and t his explanat ion is more general t han t he previous, since t hose who are in t heir own locale and t raveling, whet her rich or poor, all need fire for cooking, heat ing and light ing purposes. It is out of Allah's kindness t hat He has made t he qualit y of kindling fire in some element s, such as st ones, t hat people can use and t ake in t he baggage for t heir j ourneys. When a t raveler needs fire at his campsit e for cooking and heat ing, he t akes out t hese subst ances and uses t hem t o kindle fire. He feels comfort next t o t he fire and he can use it for various needs t hat he has. Allah ment ions t his favor specifically in t he case of t ravelers, even t hough everyone benefit s from t he fire. Allah's st at ement ,

び ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ ∇ウらあ ジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then glorify wit h praises t he Name of your Lord, t he Most Great .) meaning, t he One by Whose abilit y t hese t hings opposit es were creat ed. He creat ed t he fresh t ast y wat er, and had He willed, He would have creat ed it salt y like seawat er. He also creat ed t he fire t hat burns, and made a benefit in it for t he servant s, suit able for t heir livelihood in t his life and as a warning and a punishment for t hem in t he Hereaft er.

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇ヲャｚ ユ∀ ジ ∠ ボ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ュ͡ ヲ⊥イレぁ ャや ノ͡ ホ͡ ヲ∠ ヨ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ びラ ∃ ヲ⊥レ∇ムョｚ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ - ∀ユΑ͡ゲ∠ミ ∀ラや∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ゆ あ ケｚ リあョ ∀モΑ͡ゴレ∠ゎ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヰｚ ト ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ジ ぁ ヨ∠ Α∠ Ι ｚぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや び-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レワ͡ ∇ギョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ゑ ͡ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰら͡ プ∠ ぺ∠ び-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ∂ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ホ∠ ∇コケ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∇イ∠ゎ∠ヱ

(75. Fala! I swear by t he Mawaqi` of t he st ars.) (76. And verily t hat is indeed a great oat h, if you but know.) (77. That (t his) is indeed an honorable recit at ion.) (78. In a Book Maknun.) (79. Which none t ouches but t he pure ones.) (80. A revelat ion from t he Lord of all t hat exist s.) (81. Is it such a t alk t hat you are Mudhinun) (82. And you make your provision your denial!)

Allah swears to the Greatness of the Qur'an The usage of La (in Fala) is not an ext ra charact er wit hout meaning, as some of t he scholars of Tafsir say. Rat her it is used at t he beginning of an oat h when t he oat h is a negat ion. This is like when ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her said, "La by Allah! Allah's Messenger did not t ouch any woman's hand at all. So in t his way, t he meaning is, "No! I swear by t he Mawaqi` of t he st ars. The mat t er is not as you people claim - about t he Qur'an - t hat it is a result of magic or sorcery, rat her it is an Honorable Qur'an.'' Ibn Jarir said, "Some of t he scholars of t he Arabic language said t hat t he meaning of:

び⊥ユジ ͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Fala! I swear) is, ` The mat t er is not as you people have claimed.' Then He renews t he oat h again by saying, ` I swear.'''

び ュ͡ ヲ⊥イレぁ ャや ノ͡ ホ͡ ヲ∠ ヨ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Fala! I swear by t he Mawaqi` of t he st ars.) Muj ahid said, "The set t ing posit ions of t he st ars in t he sky,'' and he said t hat it refers t o t he rising and set t ing posit ions. This was said by Al-Hasan, Qat adah and preferred by Ibn Jarir. Qat adah also said t hat it means t heir posit ions. Allah said,

び ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ヲャｚ ユ∀ ジ ∠ ボ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily t hat is indeed a great oat h, if you but know.) meaning, ` t his is a great vow t hat I -Allah -- am making; if you knew t he great ness of t his vow, you will know t he great ness of t he subj ect of t he vow,'

び ∀ユΑ͡ゲ∠ミ ∀ラや∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∠ャ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (That (t his) is indeed an honorable recit at ion.) means, verily, t his Qur'an t hat was revealed t o Muhammad is a Glorious Book,

びラ ∃ ヲ⊥レ∇ムョｚ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プぴ (In a Book Maknun.) meaning glorious; in a glorious, well-guarded, revered Book. Ibn Jarir narrat ed t hat Isma` il bin Musa said t hat Sharik report ed from Hakim, t hat is Ibn Jubayr, from Sa` id bin Jubayr, from Ibn ` Abbas t hat about :

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヰｚ ト ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ジ ぁ ヨ∠ Α∠ Ι ｚぴ (Which none t ouches but t he pure ones.) he said, "The Book t hat is in heaven.'' Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas about :

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヰｚ ト ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ジ ぁ ヨ∠ Α∠ Ι ｚぴ (Which none t ouches but t he pure ones.) t hat ` t he pure ones' means: "The angels.'' Similar was said by Anas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Ad-Dahhak, Abu Ash-Sha` t ha' Jabir bin Zayd, Abu Nahik, As-Suddi, ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam and ot hers. Ibn Jarir narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abdul-A` la said t hat Ibn Thawr said t hat Ma` mar said from Qat adah about :

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヰｚ ト ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ジ ぁ ヨ∠ Α∠ Ι ｚぴ (Which none t ouches but t he pure ones.) t hat he said, "None can t ouch it , wit h Allah, except t he pure ones. However, in t his life, t he impure Zoroast rian and t he filt hy hypocrit e t ouch it .'' And he said, "In t he recit at ion of Ibn Mas` ud it is: (ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ジ ぁ ヨ∠ Α∠ ゅｚャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヰｚ ト ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや) (It is not t ouched, except by t he pure ones.) Abu Al-` Aliyah said:

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヰｚ ト ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ジ ぁ ヨ∠ Α∠ Ι ｚぴ (Which none t ouches but t he pure ones.) "It does not refer t o you, because you are sinners!'' Ibn Zayd said, "The Quraysh disbelievers claimed t hat t he devils brought down t he Qur'an. Allah t he Exalt ed st at ed t hat only t he pure ones t ouch t he Qur'an, as He said:

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠Βｚゼャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ろャ∠ゴｚ レ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱ⊥ゴ∇バヨ∠ ャ∠ ノ͡ ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (And it is not t he Shayat in who have brought it down. Neit her would it suit t hem nor t hey can (produce it ). Verily, t hey have been removed far from hearing it .)(26:210-212)'' This saying is a good saying, and does not cont radict t hose before it . Allah said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒バ∠ ∇ャや ゆ あ ケｚ リあョ ∀モΑ͡ゴレ∠ゎぴ (A revelat ion from t he Lord of all t hat exist s. ) meaning t his Qur'an is a revelat ion from t he Lord of all t hat exist s, not as t hey say t hat it is magic, sorcery or poet ry. Rat her it is t he t rut h, no doubt about it ; t here is none beyond it of useful t rut h. Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レワ͡ ∇ギョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ゑ ͡ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰら͡ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ

(Is it such a t alk t hat you are Mudhinun) Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat Mudhinun means, "You do not believe in and deny.'' Similar t o t his was said by Ad-Dahhak, Abu Hazrah and As-Suddi. Muj ahid said,

び∠ラヲ⊥レワ͡ ∇ギョぁ ぴ (Mudhinun) means "You want t o fill yourselves wit h and rely upon.''

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ホ∠ ∇コケ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∇イ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ (And you make your provision your denial!) some of t hem said t hat provision here has t he meaning of grat it ude, meaning: you deny wit hout any grat it ude. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he recit ed it as: (∠ラヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ムセ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ) (And your show of your grat it ude by denying!) Ibn Jarir narrat ed from Muhammad bin Bashshar, who narrat ed from Muhammad bin Ja` far, who narrat ed from Shu` bah, from Abu Bishr, from Sa` id bin Jubayr who said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "It has never rained upon a people except t hat some of t hem became disbelievers by saying, ` Such and such posit ion of a st ar sent rain!''' And Ibn ` Abbas recit ed: (∠ラヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ムセ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ) (And you show of your grat it ude by denying.) This chain of narrat ion is Sahih t o Ibn ` Abbas. In his Muwat t a', Malik report ed from Salih bin Kaysan, from ` Ubaydullah bin ` Abdullah bin ` Ut bah bin Mas` ud, from Zayd bin Khalid Al-Juhani who said, "The Prophet led us in t he Subh (dawn) prayer at Al-Hudaybiyah aft er a rainy night . On complet ion of t he prayer, he faced t he congregat ion and said,

«∨∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や∠クゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケ∇ギゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ » (Do you know what your Lord has said (revealed)) Those present replied, ` Allah and His Messenger know best .' He said,

ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ∩∀ゲプ͡ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヶ͡よ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タぺ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ» マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠プ ∩͡ヮわ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や モ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲト ͡ ョ⊥ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇リョ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ょミ∠ ∇ヲム∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ゲ͡プゅ∠ミ ∩ヶ͡よ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ リ ∀ ョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ヱ∠ ヶ͡よ ∀ゲ͡プゅ∠ミ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠プ ∩や∠グミ∠ ヱ∠ や∠グミ∠ ￢͡ ∇ヲレ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲト ͡ ョ⊥ «ょ∠ミ∇ヲム∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (Allah has said, "During t his morning some of my servant s remained as t rue believers in Me and some became disbelievers. Whoever said t hat t he rain was due t o t he blessings and t he mercy of Allah, had belief in Me, and he disbelieves in t he st ars; and whoever said t hat it rained because of a part icular st ar, had no belief in Me, but believes in t hat st ar.'')'' This Hadit h is recorded in t he Two Sahihs, Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i, all using a chain of narrat ion in which Imam Malik was included. Qat adah said, "Al-Hasan used t o say, ` How evil is t hat all t hat some people have earned for t hemselves from t he Book of Allah, is denying it !''' Al-Hasan's st at ement

means t hat such people gained no benefit from t he Book of Allah because t hey denied it , as Allah said:

∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∇イ∠ゎ∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レワ͡ ∇ギョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ゑ ͡ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰら͡ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ホ∠ ∇コケ͡ (Is it such a t alk t hat you Mudhinun And you make your provision t hat you deny!)

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠ゎ グ∃ ゃ͡ レ∠ Β͡ェ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ - ュ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇ヤエ ⊥ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ や∠クま͡ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らゎ⊥ Ι ｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま べ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲゎ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レΑ͡ギョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ (83. Then why do you not (int ervene) when it reaches Al-Hulqum) (84. And you at t he moment are looking,) (85. But We are nearer t o him t han you, but you see not ,) (86. Then why do you not -- if you are not Madinin) (87. Ret urn t he soul, if you are t rut hful)

When the Soul reaches the Throat at the Time of Death, it cannot be brought back; this proves Reckoning shall occur Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び͡ろピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ や∠クま͡ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then why do you not (int ervene) when it reaches), in reference t o t he soul,

び∠ュヲ⊥ボ∇ヤエ ⊥ ∇ャやぴ (Al-Hulqum), i.e., t he t hroat , at t he t ime of deat h. Allah t he Exalt ed said in ot her Ayat ,

リ ｚニ ∠ ヱ∠ - ベ ∃ や∠ケ ∇リョ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ - ヴ ∠ ホ͡ や∠ゲわｚ ャや ろ ͡ ピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ や∠クま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ - ベ ͡ ゅｚジャゅ͡よ ベ ⊥ ゅｚジャや ろ ͡ ヘｚ わ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ - ベ ⊥ や∠ゲヘ͡ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ びベ ⊥ ゅ∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠

(Nay, when (t he soul) reaches t o t he collar bone, and it will be said: "Who can cure him (and save him from deat h)'' And he will conclude t hat it was (t he t ime) of part ing (deat h); And one leg will be j oined wit h anot her leg (shrouded). The drive will be on t hat Day t o your Lord (Allah).)(75:26-30) Allah said here,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠ゎ グ∃ ゃ͡ レ∠ Β͡ェ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (And you at t he moment are looking,) at t he dying person and wit nessing t he st upor of deat h t hat he is experiencing,

び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (But We are nearer t o him t han you, ) wit h Our angels,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らゎ⊥ Ι ｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ (but you see not .) you cannot see t he angels. Allah t he Exalt ed said in anot her Ayah,

る⇔ ヌ ∠ ヘ∠ ェ ∠ ユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゲ⊥ ワ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇わプｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱぁキケ⊥ ｚユを⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥デゲあ ヘ∠ Α⊥ びリ ∠ Β͡らジ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇ャや ネ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャや (He is t he Irresist ible over His servant s, and He sends guardians (angels) over you, unt il when deat h approaches one of you, Our messengers (angel of deat h and his assist ant s) t ake his soul, and t hey never neglect t heir dut y. Then t hey are ret urned t o Allah, t heir t rue Prot ect or. Surely, for Him is t he j udgement and He is t he swift est in t aking account .)(6:61-62) Allah's st at ement ,

びべ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲゎ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レΑ͡ギョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then why do you not -- if you are not Madinin -- ret urn t he soul,) means, ` Will you not ret urn t his soul, t hat has reached t he t hroat , t o it s body as it used t o be, if you are exempt from t he reckoning and recompense' Sa` id bin Jubayr and Al-Hasan Al-Basri said:

びリ ∠ Β͡レΑ͡ギョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ

(Then why do you not -- if you are not Madinin. ..), "If you do not believe t hat you will be reckoned, recompensed, resurrect ed and punished, t hen why do you not ret urn t his soul t o it s body'' Muj ahid said t hat ,

び∠リΒ͡レΑ͡ギョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ぴ (...if you are not Madinin), means, "if you are not cert ain.''

∀ラゅ∠エ∇Α∠ケ∠ヱ ゥ ∀ ∇ヱゲ∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡よゲｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ ͡リΒ͡ヨ∠Β∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡バル∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ - リ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャｚ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤジ ∠ プ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ∇リョあ ∀メゴ⊥ レ⊥ プ∠ - リ ∠ Βあャべｚツャや リ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ウらあ ジ ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ Β͡ボΒ∠ ∇ャや ペ ぁェ ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ユ∃ Β͡エィ ∠ る⊥ Β∠ ヤ͡∇ダゎ∠ ヱ∠ び ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ (88. Then, if he be of t he Muqarrabin,) (89. Then Rawh, Rayhan and a Garden of Delight s.) (90. And if he be of t hose on t he right ,) (91. Then Salam (peace) t o you from t hose on t he right .) (92. But if he be of t he denying, t he erring,) (93. Then for him is an ent ert ainment wit h Hamim.) (94. And ent ry in Hellfire.) (95. Verily, t his! This is an absolut e t rut h wit h cert aint y.) (96. So, glorify wit h praises t he Name of your Lord, t he Most Great .)

The Condition of People at the Time of Their Death These are t he t hree t ypes of condit ions t hat people face upon t heir deat h. Eit her t hey are among t he near believers or t hose below t heir rank on t he right , or t hose who denied t he t rut h, were led ast ray from t he guidance and were ignorant about Allah. Allah said,

び∠ラゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then if he), in reference t o t he dying person,

び∠リΒ͡よゲｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぴ (be of t he Muqarrabun) who fulfilled t he obligat ions and t he recommended act s of worship and avoided t he forbidden and disliked mat t ers and even some of t he allowed,

び ユ∃ Β͡バル∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ラゅ∠エ∇Α∠ケ∠ヱ ゥ ∀ ∇ヱゲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t hen for him Rawh, Rayhan and a Garden of Delight s.) Theirs will be Rawh and Rayhan; and t he glad t idings of t hese t rait s will be conveyed t o t hem by t he angels at t he t ime of deat h. We ment ioned before t he Prophet 's Hadit h narrat ed from Al-Bara' in which t he angels of mercy say (t o a dying, believing person),

ろ ͡ ∇レミ⊥ ょ ͡ Βあ ト ｚ ャや ギ͡ ジ ∠イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ る⊥ ∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや ゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ Αｚ ぺ∠» ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ゆ ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠エ∇Αケ∠ ヱ∠ ゥ ∃ ∇ヱケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヶ͡ィゲ⊥ ∇カや ∩ヮ∠レΑ͡ゲヨ⊥ ∇バゎ∠ «ラゅ∠ら∇ツビ ∠ (O good soul in t he good body t hat you inhabit ed, come t o Rawh, Rayhan and a Lord Who is not angry.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, "Rawh means rest , and Rayhan means place of rest .'' Muj ahid said similarly t hat Rawh means rest . Abu Hazrah said t hat Rawh means: "Rest from t he world.'' Sa` id bin Jubayr and As-Suddi said t hat it means t o rej oice. And from Muj ahid:

び∀ラゅ∠エ∇Αケ∠ ヱ∠ ゥ ∀ ∇ヱゲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Rawh and Rayhan) means: "Paradise and delight s.'' Qat adah said t hat Rawh means mercy. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat Rayhan means provisions. All of t hese explanat ions are correct and similar in meaning. The near believers who die will earn all of t hese; mercy, rest , provision, j oy, happiness and good delight s,

び∃ユΒ͡バル∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and a Garden of Delight s.) Abu Al-` Aliyah said, "None of t he near believers will depart (t his life) unt il aft er he is brought a branch of t he Rayhan of Paradise and his soul is capt ured in it .'' Muhammad bin Ka` b said, "Every person who dies will know upon his deat h if he is among t he people of Paradise or t he people of t he Fire.'' In t he Sahih, it is recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩∃ゲ∇ツカ ⊥ ケ∃ ヲ⊥Βデ ⊥ モ ͡タ ͡ や∠ヲェ ∠ ヶ͡プ ￢͡ や∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや ゥ ∠ や∠ヱ∇ケぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ヵ͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩∇れ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや チ ͡ ゅ∠Αケ͡ ヶ͡プ ゥ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ «ス∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ る∃ ボ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ョ⊥ モ ∠ Α͡キゅ∠レホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ (The souls of t he mart yrs live in t he bodies of green birds flying wherever t hey wish in t he Gardens of Paradise, and t hen rest t o t heir nest s in chandeliers hung from t he Throne of t he Almight y....) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` At a' bin As-Sa'ib said, "The first day I saw ` Abdur-

Rahman bin Abi Layla, I saw an old man whose hair had become whit e on his head and beard. He was riding his donkey and following a funeral. I heard him say, ` So-and-so narrat ed t o me t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

ロ∠ ゲ͡ ミ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ロ￢∠ ゅ∠ボャ͡ ぶ ⊥ やょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ぶ ͡ や ￢∠ ゅ∠ボャ͡ ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ロ∠￢ゅ∠ボャ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ロ∠ ゲ͡ ミ∠ ぶ ͡ や ￢∠ ゅ∠ボャ͡ (He who likes t o meet Allah, Allah likes t o meet him, and he who hat es t o meet Allah, Allah hat es t o meet him.) The people around him st art ed weeping, and he asked t hem why t hey wept . They said, ` All of us hat e deat h.' He said,

ゲ∠ ツ ͡ わ⊥ ∇ェや や∠クま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚレム͡ ャ∠ヱ ∩∠ポや∠ク ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠» ∀ラゅ∠エ∇Α∠ケ∠ヱ ゥ ∀ ∇ヱゲ∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡よゲｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べョｚ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ び ユ∃ Β͡バル∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヱ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ゲ∠ ゼ あ よ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ͡よ ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ボャ͡ ぶ ͡ や ゴｚ ハ ∠ ∩ｚモィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や∠ヱ ゴｚ ハ ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ も͡ ゅ∠ボヤ͡ャ͡ ょ ぁ ェ ∠ ぺ∠

∇リョあ ∀メゴ⊥ レ⊥ プ∠ - リ ∠ Βあャべｚツャや リ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び ユ∃ Β͡エィ ∠ る⊥ Β∠ ヤ͡∇ダゎ∠ ヱ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ヮ͡ も͡ ゅ∠ボヤ͡ャ͡ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や∠ヱ∩͡ぶや ￢∠ ゅ∠ボャ͡ ロ∠ ゲ͡ ミ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ͡よ ゲ∠ ゼ あ よ⊥ や∠クみ∠プ «ロ∠ゲ∇ミぺ∠ (It does not mean t hat . When one dies: (Then, if he be of t he near believers, t hen for him are Rawh, Rayhan, and a Garden of Delight s.)( and when t his good news is conveyed t o him, he likes t o meet Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored and Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored likes, even more, t o meet him, (But if he be of t he denying, t he erring, t hen for him is an ent ert ainment wit h Hamim. And ent ry in Hellfire.)( and when t his news is conveyed t o him, he hat es t o meet Allah and Allah hat es, even more, t o meet him.)'' This is t he narrat ion t hat Imam Ahmad collect ed; and in t he Sahih, t here is a Hadit h wit h t his meaning collect ed from ` A'ishah. Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And if he be of t hose on t he right ,) means, if he, t he dying person, is among t hose on t he right ,

び ͡リΒ͡ヨ∠Β∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャｚ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then Salam (peace) t o you from t hose on t he right ) meaning, t he angels will deliver t he good news t o t hem by saying, "Peace be upon you,'' i.e., be calm, you will be led t o safet y, you are among t hose on t he right , as ` Ikrimah said, "The angels will greet him wit h t he Salam and convey t o him t he news t hat he is among t hose on t he right . '' This is a good explanat ion, and it conforms wit h Allah's st at ement ,

メ ⊥ ゴｚ レ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠ボわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゅ∠ガゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヴ͡わャｚや る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヴ͡ヰ∠わ∇ゼ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ケ∃ ヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ∇リョあ Ι ⇔ ゴ⊥ ル⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギｚ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ び ユ∃ Β͡ェケｚ (Verily, t hose who say: "Our Lord is Allah.'' and t hen t hey st and firm, on t hem t he angles will descend (at t he t ime of t heir deat h) (saying): "Fear not , nor grieve! But receive t he glad t idings of Paradise which you have been promised! We have been your friends in t he life of t his world and are (so) in t he Hereaft er. Therein you shall have (all) t hat your souls desire, and t herein you shall have (all) for which you ask. An ent ert ainment from t he Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.'') (41:30-32). Allah's st at ement ,

∇リョあ ∀メゴ⊥ レ⊥ プ∠ - リ ∠ Βあャべｚツャや リ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま べｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び ユ∃ Β͡エィ ∠ る⊥ Β∠ ヤ͡∇ダゎ∠ ヱ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ヨェ ∠ (But if he be of t he denying, t he erring, t hen for him is an ent ert ainment wit h Hamim (boiling wat er) and ent ry in Hellfire.) meaning, if t he dying person is one of t hose who denied t he t rut h, who were led ast ray from guidance,

び∀メゴ⊥ レ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (t hen for him is an ent ert ainment ,) meaning, as a guest

び∃ユΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぴ

(wit h Hamim) t hat dissolves his int est ines and skin,

び ユ∃ Β͡エィ ∠ る⊥ Β∠ ヤ͡∇ダゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And ent ry in Hellfire.) he will reside in Hellf ire, which will engulf him from every direct ion. Allah t he Exalt ed said, next ,

びリ ͡ Β͡ボΒ∠ ∇ャや ペ ぁェ ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t his! This is an absolut e t rut h wit h cert aint y.) meaning, t his news is t he t rut h; t here is no doubt about it , nor escape from it for anyone,

び ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ ∇ウらあ ジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, glorify wit h praises t he Name of your Lord, t he Most Great .) Jabir narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ろシ ∠ ゲ͡ ビ ⊥ ∩͡ロギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ぶ ͡ やラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇リョ∠ » «るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ る∀ ヤ∠∇ガル∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ (He who says, "Glory be t o Allah t he Magnificent and wit h His praise!'' t hen a dat e t ree will be plant ed for him in Paradise.) This Hadit h was collect ed by At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i; At Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib.'' Al-Bukhari recorded in his book (Sahih) t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヶ͡プ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わヤ∠Β͡ボを∠ ∩͡ラゅ∠ジヤあャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わヘ∠ Β͡ヘカ ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ » ぶ ͡ や ラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ :リ ͡ ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わら∠ Β͡らェ ∠ ∩͡ラや∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや «ユΒ͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ぶ ͡ やラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ∩͡ロギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ((There are) t wo st at ement s t hat are light on t he t ongue, but heavy on t he Balance, and most beloved t o Ar-Rahman: "Glory be t o Allah and wit h His praise, glory be t o Allah t he Magnificent .'') The Group, wit h t he except ion of Abu Dawud, collect ed t his. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Waqi` ah, all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah and all t he favors come from Him.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Hadid (Chapter - 57) Which was revealed in Al-Madinah

The Virtues of Surat Al-Hadid Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Irbad bin Sariyah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o recit e Al-Musabbihat before he went t o sleep, saying,

«る∠Αへ ブ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ⊥ツ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ る⇔ Α∠ へ リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡» (In t hem t here is an Ayah t hat is bet t er t han a t housand Ayat .) Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi and AnNasa'i collect ed t his Hadit h; At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib.'' The Ayah referred t o in t his Hadit h is -- and Allah knows best --

あモム⊥ よ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ⊥ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ ヰ͡ ⇒ｚヌャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ メ ⊥ ｚヱΙ ｘ や ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ (He is Al-Awwal and Al-Akhir, Az-Zahir and Al-Bat in. And He is t he All-Knower of everyt hing.)(57:3) Allah willing, we will again ment ion t his subj ect . Upon Allah we t rust and our t ot al reliance and dependence are on Him, and sufficient He is t o us as Support er and Helper.

び͡ユΒ͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケ∇Ιや∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ウ ∠ らｚ シ ∠ぴ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケ∇Ιや∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ -ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ｚヱ∇Ιや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ -∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∇ヴセ ∠ ∂モミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ -∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ￢∇ヴセ ∠ ∂モム⊥ よ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ⊥ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ ヰ͡ ⇒ｚヌャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ カ ͡ ∇Ιや∠ヱ び (1. What ever is in t he heavens and t he eart h glorifies Allah -- and He is t he Almight y, All-Wise.) (2. His is t he kingdom of t he heavens and t he eart h. It is He Who gives life and causes deat h; and He is Able t o do all t hings.) (3. He is Al-Awwal and Al-Akhir, Az-Zahir and Al-Bat in. And He is t he All-Knower of everyt hing.)

Everything that exists glorifies Allah and mentioning some of His Attributes

In t his Ayah, Allah st at es t hat everyt hing t hat exist s in t he heavens and eart h praises and glorifies Him, including creat ures and plant s. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ノ⊥ ∇らｚジャや れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ ゎ⊥ ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ Ι ｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ∠ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ラ͡まヱ∠ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤェ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ エ ∠ Β͡ら∇ジゎ∠ (The seven heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is t herein, glorify Him and t here is not a t hing but glorifies His praise. But you underst and not t heir glorificat ion. Truly, He is Ever Forbearing, Oft -Forgiving.)(17:44) And His saying:

び⊥ゴΑ͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He is t he Almight y,) meaning t he One t o Whom all t hings submit humilit y,

び⊥ユΒ͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (All-Wise.) in His creat ing, commanding and legislat ing,

び⊥ろΒ͡ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (His is t he kingdom of t he heavens and t he eart h. It is He Who gives life and causes deat h;) He is t he absolut e Owner of His creat ion, bringing life and deat h and grant ing what He wills t o whom He wills,

び∀ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He is Able t o do all t hings.) what ever He wills, is, and what ever He does not will, will never be. He said,

び⊥リト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ ヰ͡ ⇒ｚヌャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ メ ⊥ ｚヱΙ ｘ や ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He is Al-Awwal and Al-Akhir, Az-Zahir and Al-Bat in.) This is t he Ayah indicat ed in t he Hadit h of ` Irbad bin Sariyah t hat is bet t er t han a t housand Ayat . Abu Dawud recorded t hat Abu Zamil said, "I ment ioned t o Ibn ` Abbas t hat I felt somet hing in my heart . He said, ` Doubt s' and t hen laughed. Next , he said, ` No one can escape t his. Allah t he Exalt ed st at ed,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ͡ ほ∠∇シゅ∠プ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ べｚヨョあ マ ｙセ ∠ ヶ͡プ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ リ͡ョ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゲ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ び∠マよあ ケｚ (So if you are in doubt concerning t hat which We have revealed t o you, t hen ask t hose who are reading t he Book before you. Verily, t he t rut h has come t o you from your Lord.)(10:94)' He t hen said t o me, ` When you feel any of t his in your heart , recit e,

あモム⊥ よ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ⊥ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ ヰ͡ ⇒ｚヌャや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ メ ⊥ ｚヱΙ ｘ や ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ (He is Al-Awwal and Al-Akhir, Az-Zahir and Al-Bat in. And He is t he All-Knower of everyt hing.)''' There are about t en and some odd number of different sayings collect ed from t he scholars of Tafsir regarding t he explanat ion of t his Ayah. Al-Bukhari said, "Yahya said, ` Az-Zahir: knowing all t hings, Al-Bat in: knowing all t hings.''' Our Shaykh Al-Hafiz Al-Mizzi said, "Yahya is Ibn Ziyad Al-Farra', who aut hored a book ent it led Ma` ani Al-Qur'an.'' There are Hadit hs ment ioned about t his. Among t hem, Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah would recit e t his supplicat ion while going t o bed,

ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ｚ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ノ∇らジ ｚ ャや れ ͡ や∠ヲヨｚジャや ゆ ｚ ケ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや» り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや メ ∠ ゴ͡ ∇レョ⊥ ∩∃￢∇ヶセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ゆ ｚ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∩͡ユΒ͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ャ ∩ン∠ヲレｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ あ エ ∠ ∇ャや ペ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠プ ∩͡ラゅ∠ホ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ Β͡イ∇ルみ͡∇ャや∠ヱ ∀グ͡カへ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ゲあ セ ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ∩∠ろ∇ルぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∀￢∇ヶセ ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ メ ⊥ ｚヱほ∠∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∩͡ヮわ͡ Β∠ タ ͡ ゅ∠レよ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゲ⊥ ワ͡ ゅｚヌャや ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∀￢∇ヶセ ∠ ポ ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゲ⊥ カ ͡ ゅ∇ャや .∀￢∇ヶ∠セ マ ∠ ル∠ ヱ⊥キ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ リ ⊥デ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∀￢∇ヶセ ∠ マ ∠ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ «ゲ∇ボヘ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レレ͡ ∇ビぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠リ∇Αギｚ ャや ゅｚレ∠ハ ヂ ͡ ∇ホや (O Allah, Lord of t he seven heavens and Lord of t he Magnificent Throne! Our Lord, and t he Lord of everyt hing, Revealer of t he Tawrah, t he Inj il and t he Furqan, t he Split t er of t he grain of

corn and t he dat e st one! I seek refuge wit h You from t he evil of everyt hing whose forhead You have cont rol over. O Allah! You are Al-Awwal, not hing is before You; Al-Akhir, not hing is aft er You; Az-Zahir, not hing is above You; and Al-Bat in, not hing is below You. Remove t he burden of debt from us and free us from povert y.) Muslim recorded t his Hadit h via Sahl, who said, "Abu Salih used t o order us t o lay on our right side when we were about t o sleep, and t hen say,

ゆ ｚ ケ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ゆ ｚ ケ∠ ヱ∠ れ ͡ や∠ヲヨｚジャや ゆ ｚ ケ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや» ペ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠プ ∩∃￢∇ヶセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ゆ ｚ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∩͡ユΒ͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ Β͡イ∇ルみ͡∇ャや∠ヱ り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや メ ∠ ゴ͡ ∇レョ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ン∠ヲレｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ あ エ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ゲ∠ セ ∠ ヵ͡ク あモミ⊥ ゲあ セ ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ∩͡ラゅ∠ホ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩∀￢∇ヶセ ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ メ ⊥ ｚヱほ∠∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや ∩͡ヮわ͡ Β∠ タ ͡ ゅ∠レよ͡ ∀グ͡カへ ゲ⊥ ワ͡ ゅｚヌャや ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∀￢∇ヶセ ∠ ポ ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ ゲ⊥ カ ͡ ゅ∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヱ⊥キ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ リ ⊥デ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∀￢∇ヶセ ∠ マ ∠ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ «ゲ∇ボ∠ヘ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レレ͡ ∇ビぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠リ∇Αギｚ ャや ゅｚレ∠ハ ヂ ͡ ∇ホや ∩∀￢∇ヶセ ∠ (O Allah, Lord of t he seven heavens and Lord of t he Magnificent Throne! Our Lord, and t he Lord of everyt hing, Revealer of t he Tawrah, t he Inj il and t he Furqan, t he Split t er of t he grain of corn and t he dat e st one! I seek refuge wit h You from t he evil of everyt hing whose forhead You have cont rol over. O Allah! You are Al-Awwal, not hing is before You; Al-Akhir, not hing is aft er You; Az-Zahir, not hing is above You; and Al-Bat in, not hing is below You. Remove t he burden of debt from us and free us from povert y.) And he used t o narrat e t hat from Abu Hurayrah from t he Prophet .''

ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ わｚ シ ͡ ヴ͡プ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ア ⊥ ヤ͡Α∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ヲわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ⊥ ゴ͡ レ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚャ - ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ

ア ⊥ ャ͡ヲ⊥Αヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ヴ͡プ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ア ⊥ ャ͡ヲ⊥Α - ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ョΙ ｙ や ノ⊥ ィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ び ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ヴ͡プ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや (4. He it is Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h in six Days and t hen rose (Ist awa) over t he Throne. He knows what goes int o t he eart h and what comes fort h from it , and what descends from t he heaven and what ascends t heret o. And He is wit h you wheresoever you may be. And Allah is t he All-Seer of what you do.) (5. His is t he kingdom of t he heavens and t he eart h. And t o Allah ret urn all t he mat t ers.) (6. He merges night int o day, and merges day int o night , and He has full knowledge of what soever is in t he breast s.)

Allah's Knowledge, Power and Kingdom are Limitless Allah t he Exalt ed st at es t hat He creat ed t he heavens and eart h, and all t hat is bet ween t hem, in six Days and t hen rose over t he Throne aft er He creat ed t hem. We discussed t his before in t he explanat ion of Surat Al-A` raf, so it is not necessary t o repeat t he meaning here. Allah's st at ement ,

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ア ⊥ ∇ヤΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ぴ (He knows what goes int o t he eart h), indicat es His knowledge in t he amount of seeds and drops of wat er t hat ent er inside t he eart h's surface,

びゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and what comes fort h from it ) of plant s, veget at ion and fruit s. Allah t he Exalt ed said in anot her Ayah,

ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ウ ⊥ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ヘョ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ ホ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ リ͡ョ テ ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ∇デケ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ ヴ͡プ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ザ ∃ よ͡ ゅ∠Α (And wit h Him are t he keys of all t hat is hidden, none knows t hem but He. And He knows what ever t here is in t he land and in t he sea; not a leaf falls, but He knows it . There is not a grain in t he darkness of t he eart h nor anyt hing fresh or dry, but is writ t en in a Clear Record.)(6:59) Allah's st at ement ,

び͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ⊥ ゴ͡ レ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and what descends from t he heaven), pert ains t o rain, snow, hail and what ever Allah decides descends from heaven of decisions and commandment s brought down by t he honorable angels. Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and what ascends t heret o.), refers t o angels and deeds. In t he Sahih, t here is a Hadit h in which t he Prophet said,

ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャや モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ノ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ » «モ∇Βヤｚャや モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ (To Him ascend t he deeds of t he night before t he day falls and t he deeds of t he day before t he night falls.) Allah said,

∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び∀ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ (And He is wit h you wheresoever you may be. And Allah is t he All-Seer of what you do.) meaning, He is wat ching over you and wit nessing your deeds wherever you may be, on land or at sea, during t he night or t he day, at home or in open areas or desert s. All of t hat is t he same before His knowledge and all of it is under His sight and hearing. He hears your speech and sees where you are. He knows your secret s and your public st at ement s,

リ ∠ Β͡ェ Ι∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レ∇んΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ Ι∠ぺぴ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ヤ∇バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲジ ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠Βを͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ び ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ (No doubt ! They did fold up t heir breast s, t hat t hey may hide from Him. Surely, even when t hey cover t hemselves wit h t heir garment s, He knows what t hey conceal and what t hey reveal. Verily, He is t he All-Knower of t he (secret s) of t he breast s. )(11:5) Allah t he Exalt ed said,

∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ゲｚ シ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シぴ び ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャゅ͡よ ∀ゆ͡ケゅ∠シ∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よ ブ ∃ ∇ガわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ (It is t he same (t o Him) whet her any of you conceals his speech or declares it openly, whet her he be hid by night or goes fort h freely by day.)(13:10) Surely, t here is no deit y wort hy of worship, except Allah. In t he Sahih, t here is a Hadit h in which t he Messenger of Allah answered Jibril, when he asked him about Ihsan:

ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ゲゎ∠ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ロや∠ゲゎ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ぶ ∠ や ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠» «ポや∠ゲΑ∠ (To worship Allah as if you see Him, and even t hough you cannot see Him, He surely sees you.) Allah's st at ement ,

ノ⊥ ィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚャぴ び ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ョΙ ｙや (His is t he kingdom of t he heavens and t he eart h. And t o Allh ret urn all t he mat t ers.) assert s t hat Allah is t he King and Owner of t his life and t he Hereaft er. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや∠ヱ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Κ ｘ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t ruly, unt o Us (belong) t he last (Hereaft er) and t he first (t his world).)(92:13) Surely, Allah is praised for t his at t ribut e, j ust as He said in ot her Ayat ,

ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや ヴ͡プ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡りゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ (And He is Allah, La ilaha illa Huwa, all praise is His in t he first and in t he last .)(28:70), and,

ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや び ゲ⊥ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや

(All t he praise is Allah's, t o Whom belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h. His is all t he praise in t he Hereaft er, and He is t he All-Wise, t he All-Aware.)(34:1) Allah owns everyt hing t hat is in t he heavens and eart h, and all t heir inhabit ant s are servant s t o Him and humble before Him, j ust as He said,

ヴ͡ゎへ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リ∠ョ ぁモミ⊥ ラ͡まぴ - や⇔ギ∂ ハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギｚ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚ - や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや び や⇔キ∇ゲプ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ͡ヮΒ͡ゎや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ ヱ∠ (There is none in t he heavens and t he eart h but comes unt o t he Most Gracious as a servant . Verily, He knows each one of t hem, and has count ed t hem a full count ing. And every one of t hem will come t o Him alone on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) (19:93-95) This is why Allah said here,

び⊥ケヲ⊥ョΕ ⊥ や ノ⊥ ィ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t o Allah ret urn all t he mat t ers.) meaning t hat all mat t ers will be referred t o Him on t he Day of Resurrect ion and He will j udge His creat ion as He wills. Indeed, He is t he Most Just , Who never falls int o inj ust ice, not even t he weight of a speck of dust ; if one performs even one good deed, Allah will mult iply it up t o t en t imes,

びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ルギ⊥ ｚャ リ͡ョ れ ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and gives from Him a great reward. )(4:40),

ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ヌゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ テ ∠ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ Α͡コヲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ツ ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ メ ∃ キ∠ ∇ゲカ ∠ ∇リョあ る∃ らｚ ェ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル びリ ∠ Β͡らジ ͡ ⇒∠ェ ゅ∠レ͡よ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ (And We shall set up Balances of j ust ice on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hen none will be dealt wit h unj ust ly in anyt hing. And if t here be t he weight of a must ard seed, We will bring it . And sufficent are We t o t ake account .)(21:47) Allah's st at ement ,

び͡モ∇Βャｚや ヴ͡プ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ア ⊥ ャ͡ヲ⊥Αヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ヴ͡プ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ア ⊥ ャ͡ヲ⊥Αぴ (He merges night int o day, and merges day int o night ,) meaning, He does what He wills wit h His creat ures. He alt ernat es t he night and day and measures t hem by His wisdom, as He wills. Somet imes, He makes t he night longer t han t he day, and somet imes t he opposit e. Somet imes, He makes t he lengt h of night and day equal. Somet imes, He makes t he season wint er, t hen

changes it t o spring, t hen summer t hen aut umn. All t his He does by His wisdom and His due measure of everyt hing in His creat ion,

び͡ケヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He has full knowledge of what soever is in t he breast s.) He knows t he secret s, no mat t er how concealed t hey are.

ユ⊥ムヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠プ ヮ͡ Β͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ヘヤ∠∇ガわ∠ ∇ジョぁ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽわ⊥ ャ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ケ͡ ヲぁレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガΒ⊥ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠レΒあ よ∠ モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ゲ∠ャ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ン͡ヲわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゐ ⊥ や∠ゲΒ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヌ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ モ ∠ わ∠ ⇒∠ホヱ∠ ウ ͡ ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ペ ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇リョｚ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ６Κミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ⇒∠ホヱ∠ ギ⊥ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョあ る⇔ ィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ リｚョ - ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヘ∠ ハ ͡ ゅ∠ツΒ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ジェ ∠ ゅ⇔ッ∇ゲホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや チ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ボΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや や∠ク び ∀ユΑ͡ゲ∠ミ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ (7. Believe in Allah and His Messenger, and spend of t hat whereof He has made you t rust ees. And such of you as believe and spend, t heirs will be a great reward.) (8. And what is t he mat t er wit h you t hat you believe not in Allah! While t he Messenger invit es you t o believe in your Lord; and He has indeed t aken your covenant , if you are real believers.) (9. It is He Who sends down manifest Ayat t o His servant t hat He may bring you out from darkness int o light . And verily, Allah is t o you full of kindness, Most Merciful.) (10. And what is t he mat t er wit h you t hat you

spend not in t he cause of Allah And t o Allah belongs t he herit age of t he heavens and t he eart h. Not equal among you are t hose who spent and fought before t he conquering. Such are higher in degree t han t hose who spent and fought aft erwards. But t o all Allah has promised t he best . And Allah is All-Aware of what you do.) (11. Who is he t hat will lend Allah a handsome loan: t hen He will increase it manifold t o his credit , and he will have a honorable reward.)

Ordering Faith and encouraging spending Allah t he Exalt ed and Blessed orders having perfect fait h in Him and in His Messenger, and t hat one should persist on t his pat h adhereing firmly t o it . Allah encourages spending from what He has made mankind t rust ees of, t he wealt h t hat you - mankind - have, t hat He has lent you. This wealt h was in t he hands of t hose before you and was lat er t ransferred t o you. Therefore, O mankind, spend as Allah commanded you from t he wealt h t hat He ent rust ed t o you for His obedience. Ot herwise, He will hold you account able and punish you for your ignoring what He ordained on you in t his regard. Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ヮΒ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ヘヤ∠∇ガわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ユ⊥ムヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョぴ (of t hat whereof He has made you t rust ees.), indicat es t hat you - mankind -- will surrender t his wealt h t o someone else. In t his case, t hose who will inherit from you might obey Allah wit h t heir wealt h, and t hus acquire more happiness t han you on account of what Allah has grant ed t hem. They might disobey Allah, and in t his case you will have helped t hem commit evil and t ransgression. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Ash-Shikhkhir said, "I came t o Allah's Messenger as he was recit ing and saying,

び ゲ⊥ を⊥ ゅｚムわｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ャぺ∠ぴ ゅｚャま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ョ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ャ∠ ∇モワ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ャゅ∠ョ ヶ͡ャゅ∠ョ :ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ⊥ ∇よや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ホギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∠ろ∇Βヤ∠∇よほ∠プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ジら͡ ャ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∠ろ∇Βレ∠ ∇プほ∠プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤミ∠ ぺ∠ゅ∠ョ «∨∠ろ∇Βツ ∠ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ ((abundance divert s you.)( The Son of ` Adam claims, "My wealt h, my wealt h.'' But is t here anyt hing belonging t o you, except t hat which you consumed, which you used, or which you wore and t hen it became worn or you gave as charit y and sent it forward) Muslim also collect ed wit h t he addit ion:

«サゅｚレヤ͡ャ ヮ⊥ ミ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ゎヱ∠ ∀ょ͡ワや∠グ∠プ ∩∠マャ͡ク ン∠ヲシ ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ » (Ot her t han t hat , you will go away from it and leave it behind for ot her people.) Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠プぴ (And such of you as believe and spend, t heirs will be a great reward.) encourages having fait h and spending in act s of obedience. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽわ⊥ ャ͡ (And what is t he mat t er wit h you t hat you believe not in Allah! While t he Messenger invit es you t o believe in your Lord;) meaning, "what prevent s you from believing, while t he Messenger is among you calling you t o fait h and bringing forward clear proofs and evidences t hat affirm t he t rut h of what he brought you'' And we have report ed t he Hadit h t hrough different rout es in t he beginning of t he explanat ion on t he chapt er on Fait h in Sahih Al-Bukhari, wherein one day t he Messenger of Allah said t o his Companions,

«∨ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ょ ⊥ イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヵ ぁ ぺ∠» (Who do you consider among t he believers as having t he most amazing fait h) They said, "The angels.'' He said,

«∨∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ » (And what prevent s t hem from believing when t hey are wit h t heir Lord) They said, "Then t he Prophet s.'' He said,

«∨∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ヶ ⊥ ∇ェヲ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ョヱ∠ » (What prevent s t hem from believing when t he revelat ion comes down t o t hem) They said, "Then us.'' He said,

∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ ∨∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ヰ⊥ ∇ニぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ョヱ∠ » ∩∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゃΒ͡イΑ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∩ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ «ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅヘ⇔ エ ⊥タ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ (What prevent s you from believing, when I am amongst you Act ually, t he believers who have t he most amazing fait h, are some people who will come aft er you; t hey will find pages t hat t hey will believe in.) We ment ioned a part of t his Hadit h when explaining Allah's st at ement in Surat Al-Baqarah,

び͡ょ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (who believe in t he Ghayb (unseen).)(2:3) Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He has indeed t aken your covenant ,) is similar t o anot her of His st at ement s,

ユ⊥ムボ∠ を∠ や∠ヱ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ∠ボ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ びゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇クま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ (And remember Allah's favor t o you and His covenant wit h which He bound you when you said: "We hear and we obey.'')(5:7), which refers t o giving t he pledge of allegiance t o t he Prophet . Ibn Jarir said t hat t he covenant ment ioned here, is t hat t aken from mankind, when t hey were st ill in Adam's loin. This is also t he opinion of Muj ahid, and Allah knows best . Allah said,

び∃ろ⇒∠レΒあ よ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (It is He Who sends down manifest Ayat t o His servant ) clear proofs, unequivocal evidences and plain at t est at ions,

び͡ケヲぁレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガΒ⊥ ャ͡ぴ (t hat He may bring you out from darkness int o light .) from t he darkness of ignorance, disbelief and cont radict ory st at ement s t o t he light of guidance, cert aint y and fait h,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ゲ∠ャ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, Allah is t o you full of kindness, Most Merciful.) by revealing t he Divine Books and sending t he Messengers t o guide mankind, eradicat ing doubt s and removing confusion. Aft er Allah commanded mankind t o first believe and spend, He again encouraged t hem t o acquire fait h and st at ed t hat He has removed all barriers bet ween t hem and t he acquisit ion of fait h. Allah again encouraged t hem t o spend,

ゐ ⊥ や∠ゲΒ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (And what is t he mat t er wit h you t hat you spend not in t he cause of Allah And t o Allah belongs t he herit age of t he heavens and t he eart h.) means, spend and do not fear povert y or scarcit y.

Surely, He in Whose cause you spent is t he King and Owner of t he heavens and eart h and has perfect cont rol over t heir every affair, including t heir t reasuries. He is t he Owner of t he Throne, wit h all t he might t hat it cont ains, and He is t he One Who said,

ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヘ⊥ ヤ͡∇ガΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∠リΒ͡ホコ͡ やｚゲャや (And what soever you spend of anyt hing, He will replace it . And He is t he best of providers.)(34:39), and,

び∃ベゅ∠よ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ギ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ョぴ (what ever is wit h you, will be exhaust ed, and what ever is wit h Allah will remain.)(16:96) Therefore, t hose who t rust in and depend on Allah will spend, and t hey will not fear povert y or dest it ut ion coming t o t hem from t he Owner of t he Throne. They know t hat Allah will surely compensat e t hem for what ever t hey spend.

The Virtues of spending and fighting before the Conquest of Makkah Allah's st at ement ,

び∠モわ∠ ⇒∠ホヱ∠ ウ ͡ ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ペ ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇リョｚ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ (Not equal among you are t hose who spent before t he conquering and fought .) meaning t hose who did not fight and spend before t he Conquest are not equal t o t hose who spent and fought . Before Makkah was conquered, t hings were difficult for Muslims and only t he right eous ones embraced Islam. Aft er Makkah was conquered, Islam spread t remendously t hroughout t he known world and people embraced t he religion of Allah en masse. Similarly He said:

ギ⊥ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョあ る⇔ ィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ ユ⊥ ヌ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ びヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ６Κミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ⇒∠ホヱ∠ (Such are higher in degree t han t hose who spent and fought aft erwards. But t o all Allah has promised t he best (reward).) The maj orit y considers t he Conquest here t o be t he conquest of Makkah. Ash-Sha` bi and several ot hers said t hat t he Ayah refers t o t he t reat y at AlHudaybiyyah. There is proof for t his opinion found in a Hadit h from Anas, collect ed by Imam Ahmad. Anas said, "Khalid bin Al-Walid and ` Abdur-Rahman bin ` Awf had a disput e. Khalid said t o ` Abdur-Rahman, ` You boast about days (bat t les) t hat you part icipat ed in before us.' When t he news of t his st at ement reached t he Prophet he said,

∇ヲャ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヲプ∠ ∩ヶ͡よゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ ヶ͡ャ やヲ⊥ハキ∠ » ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ピヤ∠よ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩ゅ⇔らワ∠ ク∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ギ∃ ェ ⊥ ぺ⊥ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ボヘ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ «ユ⊥ヰャ∠ゅ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ (Do not bot her my Companions, for by He in Whose Hand is my soul! If you spend an amount of gold equal t o (Mount ) Uhud, (or equal t o t he mount ains), you will not reach t he level of t heir act ions.)'' It is a known fact t hat Khalid bin Al-Walid, whom t he Prophet addressed t his st at ement t o, embraced Islam during t he period bet ween t he t reat y of Al-Hudaybiyyah and t he conquering of Makkah. The disput e bet ween Khalid and ` Abdur-Rahman occurred because of t he bat t le of Bani Jadhimah. The Prophet sent Khalid bin Al-Walid t o t hem aft er t he conquest of Makkah, and t hey said, "Saba'na,'' inst ead of saying, "Aslamna'' (we embraced Islam). So Khalid ordered t heir execut ion and t he execut ion of t heir prisoners (of war); ` Abdur-Rahman bin ` Awf and ` Abdullah bin ` Umar opposed him. This is t he reason behind t he disput e t hat occurred bet ween Khalid and ` Abdur-Rahman. But in t he Sahih, t he Messenger of Allah said,

ペ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヲプ∠ ∩ヶ͡よゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ やヲぁらジ ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ｚギョ⊥ ヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩ゅ⇔らワ∠ ク∠ ギ∃ ェ ⊥ ぺ⊥ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ «ヮ∠ヘΒ͡ダル∠ (None should revile my Companions, for by He in Whose Hand is my soul! If one of you were t o spend as much gold as Uhud, it would not reach t he level of t hem equal t o an amount as much as one Mudd of one of t hem or half of it .) Allah said,

びヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ６Κミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (But t o all Allah has promised t he best (reward).) meaning, t hose who spent before and aft er t he conquest of Makkah; t hey all will gain a reward for t heir good deeds, even t hough some of t hem vary in rank and earn a bet t er reward t han ot hers as Allah said,

ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ｚぴ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ケ͡ ゲ∠ ツ ｚ ャや ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ∠ツ ｚ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ Κ ６ ⇒⊥ミヱ∠ る⇔ ィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ギバ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠

や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ギバ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ∠ツ ｚ プ∠ ヱ∠ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ (Not equal are t hose of t he believers who sit (at home), except t hose who are disabled, and t hose who st rive hard and fight in t he cause of Allah wit h t heir wealt h and t heir lives. Allah has preferred in grades t hose who st rive hard and fight wit h t heir wealt h and t heir lives above t hose who sit (at home). Unt o each, Allah has promised good, but Allah has preferred by a great reward t hose who st rive hard and fight , above t hose who sit (at home).)(4:95) There is a Hadit h in t he Sahih t hat st at es,

リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ょ ぁ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヵ ぁ ヲ͡ ボ∠ ∇ャや リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや» «ゲ∇Βカ ∠ モ ∠ ミ⊥ ヶ͡プヱ∠ ∩͡ブΒ͡バツ ｚ ャや (The st rong believer is bet t er and more beloved t o Allah t han t he weak believer; bot h have goodness in t hem.) The Prophet ended his st at ement t his way t o draw at t ent ion t o t he second t ype of believer, so t hat t heir own qualit ies are not forgot t en in t he midst of preferring t he former t ype. In t his way, t he lat t er is not dismissed as being degraded in t he Hadit h. Therefore, t he Prophet ended his st at ement by praising t he second t ype -- t he weak believers - aft er giving preference t o t he first t ype. Allah said:

び∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is All-Aware of what you do.) meaning, since Allah is perfect ly aware of all t hings, He made dist inct ions bet ween t he rewards of t he believers who spent and fought before t he Conquest and t hose who spent and fought aft erwards. Surely, Allah does t his by His knowledge of t he int ent ion of t he former t ype and t heir perf ect sincerit y t o Him, all t he while spending in t imes of hardship, povert y and dire st rait s. This is found in t he Hadit h,

«ブ∇ャ∠ぺ る∠ も∠ ゅ͡ョ ユ∀ ワ∠ ∇ケキ͡ ペ ∠ ら∠ シ ∠» (Spending one Dirham is preceded over a hundred t housand.) There is no doubt t hat t he people of fait h consider Abu Bakr As-Siddiq t o be t he person who has t he best share according t o t he meaning of t his Ayah. He was t he chief of t hose who implement ed it , among all followers of all Prophet s. He spent all of his wealt h seeking t he Face of Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored. He did it volunt arily t oo, not t o repay a debt or a favor t hat anyone from mankind had on him. May Allah be pleased wit h him.

The Encouragement to make a Handsome Loan in the Cause of Allah Allah said,

びゅ⇔レジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ⇔ッ∇ゲホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや チ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ボΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや や∠ク リｚョぴ (Who is he t hat will lend Allah a handsome loan:) ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said t hat t his Ayah refers t o spending in Allah's cause. It was also said t hat it pert ains t o spending on children. What is correct is t hat it is more general t han t hat . So all t hose who spend in t he cause of Allah wit h good int ent ions and a sincere heart , t hen t hey fall under t he generalit y of t his Ayah. This is why Allah t he Exalt ed said in anot her Ayah:

ヮ⊥ ヘ∠ ハ ͡ ゅ∠ツΒ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔レジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ⇔ッ∇ゲホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや チ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ボΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや や∠ク リｚョぴ び⊥ヮャ∠ (Who is he t hat will lend Allah handsome loan: t hen (Allah) will increase it manifold t o his credit (in repaying),) and in anot her Ayah,

び⇔りゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ ゅ⇔プゅ∠バ∇ッぺ∠ぴ (many t imes) (2:245), meaning, being handsome reward and t remendous provisions: Paradise on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "When t his Ayah,

ヮ⊥ ヘ∠ ハ ͡ ゅ∠ツΒ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔レジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ⇔ッ∇ゲホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや チ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ボΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや や∠ク リｚョぴ び⊥ヮャ∠ (Who is he t hat will lend Allah handsome loan: t hen (Allah) will increase it manifold t o his credit (in repaying),) was revealed, Abu Ad-Dahdah Al-Ansari said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Does Allah ask us for a loan' The Prophet said,

«ゥや∠ギ∇ェギｚ ャや ゅ∠よぺ∠ゅ∠Α ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » (Yes, O Abu Ad-Dahdah.) He said, ` Give me your hand, O Allah's Messenger,' and t he Prophet placed his hand in his hand. Abu Ad-Dahdah said, ` Verily, I have given my garden as a loan t o my Lord.' He had a garden t hat cont ained six hundred dat e t rees; his wife and children were living in t hat garden t oo. Abu Ad-Dahdah went t o his wife and called her, ` Umm Ad-Dahdah!' She said, ` Here I am.' He said, ` Leave t he garden, because I have given it as a loan t o my Lord, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored.' She said, ` That is a successful t rade, O Abu Ad-Dahdah!' She t hen t ransferred her goods and children. The Messenger of Allah said,

«ゥや∠ギ∇ェギｚ ャや ヶ͡よほ∠ャ͡ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゥ ∃ や∠キケ∠ ベ ∃ ∇グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユミ∠ » (How plent iful are t he sweet dat e clust ers t hat Abu Ad-Dahdah has in Paradise!)'' In anot her narrat ion, t he Prophet said,

ヶ͡よほ∠ャ͡ ∩∀れヲ⊥ホゅ∠Αヱ∠ ケｘ キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰホ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲハ ⊥ ∩∃りゅｚャギ∠ ョ⊥ る∃ ヤ∠∇ガル∠ ｚゆケ⊥ » «るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゥ ͡ や∠ギ∇ェギｚ ャや (How many a dat e t ree t hat has lowered down it s clust ers, which are full of pearls and gems in Paradise for Abu Ad-Dahdah!)

ユ⊥ワケ⊥ ヲ⊥ル ヴ∠バ∇ジΑ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ゲゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ や∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ ユ͡ヰレ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αほ∠よ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ケや モ ∠ Β͡ホ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヲぁル リ͡ョ ∇ザら͡ わ∠ ∇ボル∠ ゅ∠ルヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ルや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ケ∃ ヲ⊥ジよ͡ ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゆ ∠ ゲ͡ ツ ⊥ プ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ∇やヲ⊥ジヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ケヱ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グ∠バ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤ͡ら∠ ホ͡ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ヰ͡ ⇒∠ニヱ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェｚゲャや ヮ͡ Β͡プ ヮ⊥ レ⊥ デ ͡ ゅ∠よ ∀ゆゅ∠よ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠わプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョｚ リ⊥ムル∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ギ⇒∠レΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヴ ぁ ル͡ ゅ∠ョΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ゎｚゲビ∠ヱ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らゎ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ダよｚ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プ - ケ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲピ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ミゲｚ ビ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ユ⊥ ミ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る∀ Α∠ ∇ギプ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ グ⊥ カ ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや (12. On t he Day you shall see t he believing men and t he believing women -- t heir light running forward before t hem and in t heir right hands. Glad t idings for you t his Day! Gardens under which rivers flow (Paradise), t o dwell t herein forever! Truly, t his is t he great success!) (13. On t he Day when t he hypocrit es men and women will say t o t he believers: "Wait for us! Let us get somet hing from your light !'' It will be said: "Go back t o your rear! Then seek a light !'' So, a wall will be put up bet ween t hem, wit h a gat e t herein. Inside it will be mercy, and out side it will be t orment .) (14. (The hypocrit es) will call t he believers: "Were we not wit h you'' The believers will reply: "Yes! But you led yourselves int o t empt at ions, you looked forward t o our dest ruct ion; and you doubt ed, and you were deceived by false hopes, t ill t he command of Allah

came t o pass. And t he deceiver deceived you in regard t o Allah.'') (15. So, t his Day no ransom shall be t aken from you, nor of t hose who disbelieved. Your abode is t he Fire. That is your prot ect or, and worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion.)

The Believers are awarded a Light on the Day of Resurrection, according to Their Good Deeds Allah t he Exalt ed st at es t hat t he believers who spend in charit y will come on t he Day of Resurrect ion wit h t heir light preceding t hem in t he area of t he Gat hering, according t o t he level of t heir good deeds. As report ed from ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud:

び∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ワケ⊥ ヲ⊥ル ヴ∠バ∇ジ∠Αぴ (t heir light running forward before t hem), he said, "They will pass over t he Sirat according t o t heir deeds. Some of t hem will have a light as large as a mount ain, some as a dat e t ree, some as big as a man in t he st anding posit ion. The least among t hem has a light as big as his index finger, it is lit at t imes and ext inguished at ot her t imes.'' Ibn Abi Hat im and Ibn Jarir collect ed t his Hadit h. Ad-Dahhak comment ed on t he Ayah, "Everyone will be given a light on t he Day of Resurrect ion. When t hey arrive at t he Sirat , t he light of t he hypocrit es will be ext inguished. When t he believers see t his, t hey will be concerned t hat t heir light also will be ext inguished, j ust as t he light of t he hypocrit es was. This is when t he believers will invoke Allah, ` O our Lord! Perfect our light for us.''' Allah's st at ement ,

びユ͡ヰレ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αほ∠よ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and in t heir right hands.) Ad-Dahhak said: "Their Books of Records.'' As Allah said:

び͡ヮレ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So whosoever is given his record in his right hand.)(17:71) Allah said,

び⊥ゲ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ や∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ ぴ (Glad t idings for you t his Day! Gardens under which rivers flow,) meaning, it will be said t o t hem, "Receive glad t idings t his Day, of gardens beneat h which rivers flow,

びべ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カぴ (t o dwell t herein forever!), you will remain t herein forever,''

び⊥ユΒ͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (Truly, t his is t he great success!)

The Condition of the Hypocrites on the Day of Resurrection Allah said,

∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び∇ユミ⊥ ͡ケヲぁル リ͡ョ ∇ザら͡ わ∠ ∇ボル∠ ゅ∠ルヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ルや (On t he Day when t he hypocrit es men and women will say t o t he believers: "Wait for us! Let us get somet hing from your light !'') Allah informs us in t his Ayah of t he t errible horrors, horrendous incident s and t remendous event s t hat will t ake place on t he Day of Resurrect ion in t he Gat hering Area. No one will be saved on t hat Day, except t hose who believed in Allah and His Messenger, obeyed Allah's commands and avoided His prohibit ions. Al-` Awfi, Ad-Dahhak and ot hers report ed from Ibn ` Abbas: "When t he people are gat hering in darkness, Allah will send light , and when t he believers see t he light t hey will march t owards it . This light will be t heir guide from Allah t o Paradise. When t he hypocrit es see t he believers following t he light , t hey will follow t hem. However, Allah will ext inguish t he light for t he hypocrit es and t hey will say (t o t he believers),

び∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヲぁル リ͡ョ ∇ザら͡ わ∠ ∇ボル∠ ゅ∠ルヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ ルやぴ (Wait for us! Let us get somet hing from your light .) The believers will reply by saying,

び∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ケヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ケやぴ ` (Go back t o your rear!) t o t he dark area you were in, and look for a light t here!''' Allah said,

る⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェｚゲャや ヮ͡ Β͡プ ヮ⊥ レ⊥ デ ͡ ゅ∠よ ∀ゆゅ∠よ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ケ∃ ヲ⊥ジよ͡ ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゆ ∠ ゲ͡ ツ ⊥ プ∠ ぴ び⊥ゆや∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤ͡ら∠ ホ͡ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ヰ͡ ⇒∠ニヱ∠ (So, a wall will be put up bet ween t hem, wit h a gat e t herein. Inside it will be mercy, and out side it will be t orment .) Al-Hasan and Qat adah said t hat t he wall ment ioned here is locat ed bet ween Paradise and Hellfire. ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said t hat t he wall ment ioned in t his Ayah is t he wall t hat Allah described in His st at ement ,

び∀ゆゅ∠イェ ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And bet ween t hem will be a (barrier) screen.)(7:46) Similar was report ed from Muj ahid and ot hers, and it is correct . Allah said,

び⊥るヨ∠ ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ Β͡プ ヮ⊥ レ⊥ デ ͡ ゅ∠よぴ (Inside it will be mercy,) meaning, Paradise and all t hat is in it ,

び⊥ゆや∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤ͡ら∠ ホ͡ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ヰ͡ ⇒∠ニヱ∠ ぴ (and out side it will be t orment .) meaning, t he Hellfire, according t o Qat adah, Ibn Zayd and ot hers. Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョｚ リ⊥ムル∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ギ⇒∠レΑ⊥ ぴ ((The hypocrit es) will call t he believers: "Were we not wit h you'') meaning, t he hypocrit es will call out t o t he believers saying, "Were we not wit h you in t he life of t he world, at t ending Friday prayers and congregat ional prayers Did we not st and wit h you on Mount ` Arafah (during Haj j ), part icipat e in bat t le by your side and perform all t ypes of act s of worship wit h you''

びヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (The believers will reply: "Yes!...'') The believers will answer t he hypocrit es by saying, "Yes, you were wit h us,

∇ユわ⊥ ∇らゎ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ダよｚ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠わプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ びぁヴル͡ ゅ∠ョΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ゎゲｚ ビ∠ヱ (But you led yourselves int o t empt at ions, you looked forward t o our dest ruct ion; and you doubt ed (in fait h) and you were deceived by false hopes,) '' Qat adah said,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ダよｚ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (you looked forward t o dest ruct ion), "Of t he t rut h and it s people.''

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇らゎ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱぴ (and you doubt ed,) t hat Resurrect ion occurs aft er deat h,

びぁヴル͡ ゅ∠ョΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ゎｚゲビ∠ヱぴ (and you were deceived by false hopes,) meaning: you said t hat you will be forgiven your sins; or, t hey say it means: t his life deceived you;

び͡ヮヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (t ill t he command of Allah came t o pass.) meaning: you remained on t his pat h unt il deat h came t o you,

び⊥ケヱ⊥ゲピ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ミゲｚ ビ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he deceiver deceived you in regard t o Allah.) ` t he deceiver' being Shayt an. Qat adah said, "They were deceived by Ash-Shayt an. By Allah! They remained deceived unt il Allah cast t hem int o Hellfire.'' The meaning here is t hat t he believers will answer t he hypocrit es by saying, "You were wit h us in bodies which were heart less and devoid of int ent ions. You were cast in doubt and suspicion. You were showing off for people and remembered Allah, lit t le.'' Muj ahid comment ed, "The hypocrit es were wit h t he believers in t his life, marrying from among each ot her, yet bet raying t hem even when t hey were associat ing wit h t hem. They were dead. They will bot h be given a light on t he Day of Resurrect ion, but t he light of t he hypocrit es will be ext inguished when t hey reach t he wall; t his is when t he t wo camps separat e and part !'' Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ケゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ぴ (Your abode is t he Fire.) means, t he Fire is your final dest inat ion and t o it will be your ret urn for residence,

び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ぴ (That is your prot ect or,) meaning, it is t he wort hy shelt er for you rat her t han any ot her residence, because of your disbelief and doubt , and how evil is t he Fire for Final Dest inat ion.

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミグ͡ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ノ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ラ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ろジ ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ギ⊥ ョ∠ Ι ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠トプ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚレΒｚ よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ (16. Has not t he t ime yet come for t he believers t hat t heir heart s should be humble for t he remembrance of Allah And t hat which has been revealed of t he t rut h, lest t hey become as

t hose who received t he Script ure before, and t he t erm was prolonged for t hem and so t heir heart s were hardened And many of t hem were rebellious.) (17. Know t hat Allah gives life t o t he eart h aft er it s deat h! Indeed We have made clear t he Ayat t o you, if you but underst and.) believers) meaning, it is t he wort hy shelt er for you rat her t han any ot her residence, because of your disbelief and doubt , and how evil is t he Fire for Final Dest inat ion.

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミグ͡ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ノ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ラ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ろジ ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ギ⊥ ョ∠ Ι ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠トプ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚレΒｚ よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ (16. Has not t he t ime yet come for t he believers t hat t heir heart s should be humble for t he remembrance of Allah And t hat which has been revealed of t he t rut h, lest t hey become as t hose who received t he Script ure before, and t he t erm was prolonged for t hem and so t heir heart s were hardened And many of t hem were rebellious.) (17. Know t hat Allah gives life t o t he eart h aft er it s deat h! Indeed We have made clear t he Ayat t o you, if you but underst and.)

Encouraging Khushu` and the Prohibition of imitating the People of the Scriptures Allah asks, ` Has not t he t ime come for t he believers t o feel humilit y in t heir heart s by t he remembrance of Allah and hearing subt le advice and t he recit at ion of t he Qur'an, so t hat t hey may comprehend t he Qur'an, abide by it , and hear and obey Muslim recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "Only four years separat ed our accept ance of Islam and t he revelat ion of t his Ayah, in which Allah subt ly admonished us,

ゲ͡ ∇ミグ͡ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ノ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ラ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや (Has not t he t ime yet come for t he believers t hat t heir heart s should be humble for t he remembrance of Allah)'' This is t he narrat ion Muslim collect ed, j ust before t he end of his book. An-Nasa'i also collect ed t his Hadit h in t he Tafsir of t his Ayah. Allah's st at ement ,

メ ∠ ゅ∠トプ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リョ͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ろジ ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ギ⊥ ョ∠ Ι ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (Lest t hey become as t hose who received t he Script ure before, and t he t erm was prolonged for t hem and so t heir heart s were hardened) Allah is prohibit ing t he believers from imit at ing t hose who were given t he Script ures before t hem, t he Jews and Christ ians. As t ime passed, t hey changed t he Book of Allah t hat t hey had, and sold it for a small, miserable price. They also abandoned Allah's Book behind t heir back and were impressed and consumed by various opinions and false creeds. They imit at ed t he way ot hers behaved wit h t he religion of Allah, making t heir rabbis and priest s int o gods beside Allah. Consequent ly, t heir heart s became hard and t hey would not accept advice; t heir heart s did not feel humbled by Allah's promises or t hreat s,

び∠ラヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And many of t hem were rebellious.) meaning, in act ion; t herefore, t heir heart s are corrupt and t heir act ions are invalid, j ust as Allah t he Exalt ed said,

∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒ｚレバ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ⇒∠んΒあョ ユ͡ヰツ ͡ ∇ボル∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡ら∠プぴ ゅｚヌェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ バ͡ ッ ͡ ヲ∠ ョｚ リ∠ハ ユ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲあ エ ∠ Α⊥ る⇔ Β∠ シ ͡ ゅ∠ホ び͡ヮよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ͡ ク⊥ ゅｚヨョあ (So, because of t heir breach of t heir covenant , We cursed t hem and made t heir heart s grow hard. They changed t he words from t heir (right ) places and have abandoned a good part of t he Message t hat was sent t o t hem.)(5:13) meaning, t heir heart s became corrupt and t hey hardened, and t hey acquired t he behavior of changing Allah's Speech from t heir appropriat e places and meanings. They abandoned act s of worship t hat t hey were commanded t o perform and commit t ed what t hey were prohibit ed t o do. This is why Allah forbade t he believers from imit at ing t hem in any way, be it basic or det ailed mat t ers. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ゅｚレΒｚ よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハやぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ (Know t hat Allah gives life t o t he eart h aft er it s deat h! Indeed We have made clear t he Ayat t o you, if you but underst and.) This Ayah indicat es t hat He brings subt leness t o heart s aft er t hey have become hard, guides t he confused aft er t hey were led ast ray, and relieves hardships aft er t hey have int ensified. And j ust as Allah brings life back t o t he dead and dry eart h by sending t he needed abundant rain, He also guides t he hardened heart s wit h t he proofs and evidences of t he Qur'an. The light (of fait h) would have access t o t he heart s once again, aft er t hey were closed and, as a consequence, no guidance was able t o reach t hem. All praise is due t o Him Who guides whomever He wills aft er t hey were misguided, Who misguides t hose who were led

aright before. Surely, it is He Who does what He wills and He is t he All-Wise, t he Most Just in all t hat He does, t he Most Subt le, t he Most Aware, t he Most High, t he Proud.

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ッゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ホギあ ダ ｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ホギあ ダ ｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ - ∀ユΑ͡ゲ∠ミ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ブ ⊥ バ∠ ⇒∠ツΑ⊥ ゅ⇔レ∠ジェ ∠ ゅ⇔ッ∇ゲホ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑあギダ あ ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヲル⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ￢⊥ へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや∠ヱ び ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ べ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ (18. Verily, t hose who give Sadaqat , men and women, and lend Allah handsome loan, it shall be increased manifold (t o t heir credit ), and t heirs shall be an honorable good reward.) (19. And t hose who believe in Allah and His Messengers. t hey are t he Siddiqun (t rue believers) and t he mart yrs wit h t heir Lord. They shall have t heir reward and t heir light . But t hose who disbelieve and deny Our Ayat -- t hey shall be t he dwellers of t he blazing Fire.)

Reward for the Charitable, the True Believers and the Martyrs; and the Destination of the Disbelievers Allah t he Exalt ed describes t he reward t hat He will award t o t hose who spend from t heir wealt h, whet her male or female, on t he needy, t he poor and t he meek,

びゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ジェ ∠ ゅ⇔ッ∇ゲホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやぴ (and lend Allah handsome loan,) meaning, t hey give in charit y wit h a good heart seeking t he pleasure of Allah. They do not seek worldly rewards or appreciat ion from t hose t o whom t hey give in charit y. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ブ ⊥ バ∠ ⇒∠ツΑ⊥ ぴ (it shall be increased manifold,) indicat ing t hat He will mult iply t he good deeds from t enfold, up t o seven hundredfold and even more t han t hat ,

び∀ユΑ͡ゲミ∠ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and t heirs shall be an honorable good reward.) t heirs will be a generous, handsome reward, a good dwelling t o ret urn t o and an honorable final dest inat ion. Allah's st at ement ,

ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ボΑあギダ あ ャや (And t hose who believe in Allah and His Messengers -- t hey are t he Siddiqun) This complet es His descript ion of t hose who have fait h in Him and in His Messengers, by describing t hem as Siddiqun, t rue believers. Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas about

ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ボΑあギダ あ ャや (And t hose who believe in Allah and His Messengers -- t hey are t he Siddiqun) t hat it s meaning does not cont inue t o t he next Ayah,

び∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ル∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ￢⊥ へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや∠ヱぴ (and t he mart yrs (are) wit h t heir Lord. They shall have t heir reward and t heir light .) Abu AdDuha (st opped aft er he) recit ed,

び∠ラヲ⊥ボΑあギダ あ ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (t hey are t he Siddiqun), t hen init iat ed recit at ion:

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ￢⊥ へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや∠ヱぴ (and t he mart yrs (are) wit h t heir Lord.) Masruq, Ad-Dahhak, Muqat il bin Hayyan and ot hers said similarly. Al-A` mash narrat ed from Abu Ad-Duha from Masruq from ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ￢⊥ へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑあギダ あ ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (t hey are t he Siddiqun, and t he mart yrs wit h t heir Lord.) "They are of t hree cat egories,'' meaning t here are t hose who spend in charit y, t he Siddiqun and t he mart yrs. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ユ∠ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ノ∠ ョ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ノ͡ ト ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ￢͡ へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ボΑあギダ あ ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや び∠リΒ͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ (And whoso obey Allah and t he Messenger, t hen t hey will be in t he company of t hose on whom Allah has best owed His grace, of t he Prophet s, t he Siddiqin, t he mart yrs, and t he right eous.)(4:69) Therefore, Allah made a dist inct ion bet ween t he Siddiqin and t he mart yrs, indicat ing t hat t hey are of t wo dist inct cat egories, so t here is no doubt t hat Siddiq is a bet t er st at us t han t he mart yr. Imam Malik bin Anas recorded in his Muwat t a' t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇リョ͡ フ ͡ ゲ∠ ピ⊥ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱ￢∠ や∠ゲわ∠ Β∠ ャ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ヶ͡プ ゲ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ピ∇ャや ヵ ｚ ケあ ギぁ ャや ょ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ヲム∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ∇ヱ￢∠ や∠ゲわ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ͡ッ ⊥ ゅ∠ヘわ∠ ャ͡ ∩͡ゆゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ペ ͡ プ⊥ ほ⊥∇ャや «ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ (The people of Paradise will look at t he dwellers of t he loft y mansions as one looks at a brilliant st ar far away in t he east or in t he west on t he horizon, because of t heir superiorit y over one anot her.) On t hat t he people said, "O Allah's Messenger! Are t hese loft y mansions for t he Prophet s whom none else can reach'' The Prophet replied,

ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ やヲ⊥レョ∠ へ ∀メゅ∠ィ͡ケ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∩ヴ∠ヤよ∠ » «リΒ͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや やヲ⊥ホギｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ (No! By Him in Whose Hand is my soul! t hese are for men who believe in Allah and believe in t he Messengers.) Al-Bukhari and Muslim also collect ed t his Hadit h. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ￢⊥ へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや∠ヱぴ (and t he mart yrs wit h t heir Lord.) means t hat t hey will be in t he gardens of Paradise, as recorded in t he Sahih:

ゲ∃ ∇ツカ ⊥ ゲ∃ ∇Βデ ∠ モ ͡タ ͡ や∠ヲェ ∠ ヶ͡プ ￢͡ や∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや ゥ ∠ や∠ヱ∇ケぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヵ͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩∇れ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゥ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ や∠クゅ∠ョ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ る⇔ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヤデ あや マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ノ∠ ヤ∠デ ｚ ゅ∠プ モ ͡ Α͡キゅ∠レボ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ケ͡ やｚギャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ルキｚ ゲ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ぁょエ ͡ ル⊥ :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ∨∠ラヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ ヶあルま͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩∃りゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∩∠モ∠わ∇ボレ⊥ ∠プ マ ∠ Β͡プ モ ∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ボレ⊥ プ∠ «ラヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ ∇ギホ∠ (The souls of t he mart yrs live in t he bodies of green birds, who fly wherever t hey wish in Paradise and t hen ret urn t o t heir nest s in chandeliers. Once your Lord cast a glance at t hem and said, ` Do you want anyt hing'' They said, "We wish t hat You ret urn us t o t he life of t he world, so t hat we may fight in Your cause and be killed as we were killed t he first t ime.'' Allah said, "I have decreed t hat t hey shall not be ret urned t o it again.'') Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ルヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (They shall have t heir reward and t heir light .), means t hat Allah will grant t hem a generous reward and a t remendous light t hat will precede before t hem. In t his, t he believers vary regarding t he level of reward t hey receive, according t o t heir good act ions in t he life of t his world. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

ヶ ∠ ボ͡ ャ∠ ∩͡ラゅ∠ヨΑ͡み∇ャや ギ⊥ あΒィ ∠ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ :る∀ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ￢⊥ や∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや» サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ポ ∠ や∠グプ∠ ∩∠モわ͡ ボ⊥ プ∠ ぶ ∠ やベ ∠ ギ∠ ダ ∠ プ∠ ｚヱギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ャや «や∠グム∠ ワ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ (There are four ranks of mart yrs. The first is a man who believes and who is t rue in fait h, who meet s t he enemy (in bat t le), fulfills his dut y t o Allah and is killed. This is t he t ype t hat t he people will look up t o (his level in Paradise), like t his.) The Prophet raised his head unt il his cap fell off his head, and t he same happened t o ` Umar. The Prophet cont inued,

ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ヰニ ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ツΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ほ∠ム∠ プ∠ ｚヱギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ ボ͡ ャ∠ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヶ͡ルゅｚんャや∠ヱ» ヶ͡プ ポ ∠ や∠グプ∠ ∩⊥ヮヤ∠わ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ∀ゆ∇ゲ∠ビ ∀ユ∇ヰ∠シ ロ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ∩͡ウ∇ヤト ｚ ャや ポ ͡ ∇ヲゼ ∠ よ͡

ゅ⇔ヤヨ∠ ハ ∠ テ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ゑ ⊥ ャ͡ゅｚんャや∠ヱ .る͡ Β∠ ル͡ ゅｚんャや る͡ ィ ∠ ケ∠ ギｚ ャや ヴ∇わェ ∠ ぶ ∠ やベ ∠ ギ∠ ダ ∠ プ∠ ｚヱギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ ボ͡ ャ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃΒあ シ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ へ∠ヱ ゅ⇔エャ͡ゅ∠タ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ノ⊥ よ͡ やｚゲャや∠ヱ .る͡ ん∠ ャ͡ゅｚんャや る͡ ィ ∠ ケ∠ ギｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ポ ∠ や∠グプ∠ ∩∠モわ͡ ホ⊥ ヶ ∠ ボ͡ ャ∠ ∩や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ゅ⇔プや∠ゲ∇シま͡ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ フ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ る͡ ィ ∠ ケ∠ ギｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ポ ∠ や∠グプ∠ ∩∠モわ͡ ホ⊥ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ぶ ∠ や ベ ∠ ギ∠ ダ ∠ プ∠ ｚヱギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ャや «る∠バよ͡ やｚゲャや (The second is a believer who meet s t he enemy and is st ruck by a st ray arrow which causes him t o die. This believer is in t he second grade. The t hird is a believer who has combined good deeds wit h evil deeds; he meet s t he enemy and is t rut hful t o his dut y t o Allah unt il he is killed. This is t he t hird cat egory. And t he fourt h is a believer who has commit t ed sins excessively, so he meet s t he enemy and is t rut hful t o his dut y t o Allah, and is killed. This is t he fourt h cat egory.) ` Ali bin Al-Madini also report ed t his Hadit h and said, "This Egypt ian chain is Salih useful.'' At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib.'' Allah's st at ement ,

ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ べ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや (But t hose who disbelieve and deny Our Ayat -- t hey shall be t he dwellers of t he blazing Fire.) ment ions t he dest inat ion and t he condit ion of t he miserable ones, aft er Allah ment ioned t he dest inat ion and rewards of t he happy ones.

∀るレ∠ Α͡コヱ∠ ヲ∀ ∇ヰャ∠ヱ∠ ょ ∀ バ͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハやぴ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ギ͡ ⇒∇ャ∇ヱΙ ｘ や∠ヱ メ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∀ゲを⊥ ゅ∠ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∀ゲカ ⊥ ゅ∠ヘ∠ゎヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ヘ∠ ∇ダョ⊥ ロ⊥ や∠ゲわ∠ プ∠ ア ⊥ Β͡ヰΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠らル∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや ょ ∠ イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ゑ ∃ ∇Βビ ∠ ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠セ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プヱ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠トェ ⊥ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∀ ヲ∠ ∇ッケ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ り∃ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボよ͡ ゅ∠シ - ケ͡ ヱ⊥ゲピ⊥ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ⇒∠わョ∠

∇れギｚ ハ ͡ ぺ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや チ ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰッ ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ る∃ レｚ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ͡ヮΒ͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ び ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや ヱ⊥ク ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ (20. Know t hat t he life of t his world is only play and amusement , pomp and mut ual boast ing among you, and rivalry in respect of wealt h and children. (It is) like a rain (Ghayt h), t hereof t he growt h is pleasing t o t he t iller; aft erwards it dries up and you see it t urning yellow; t hen it becomes st raw. But in t he Hereaft er (t here is) a severe t orment , and (t here is) forgiveness from Allah and (His) pleasure. And t he life of t his world is only a deceiving enj oyment .) (21. Race wit h one anot her in hast ening t owards forgiveness from your Lord, and Paradise t he widt h whereof is as t he widt h of t he heaven and t he eart h, prepared for t hose who believe in Allah and His Messengers. That is t he grace of Allah which He best ows on whom He is pleased wit h. And Allah is t he Owner of great bount y.)

This Life of this World is Fleeting Enjoyment Allah t he Exalt ed degrades t he significance of t his life and belit t les it by saying,

∀ゲカ ⊥ ゅ∠ヘ∠ゎ∠ヱ ∀る∠レΑ͡コ∠ヱ ヲ∀ ∇ヰャ∠ヱ∠ ょ ∀ バ͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ぴ び͡ギ⇒∇ャ∇ヱΙ ｘ や∠ヱ メ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∀ゲを⊥ ゅ∠ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ (t hat t he life of t his world is only play and amusement , pomp and mut ual boast ing among you, and rivalry in respect of wealt h and children.) meaning, t his is t he significance of t his life t o it s people, j ust as He said in anot her Ayah,

リ ∠ Β͡レら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ヰ∠ ゼ ｚ ャや ぁょェ ⊥ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ リ ∠ Αあ コ⊥ ぴ モ ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ る͡ ツ ｚ ヘ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ワ∠ グｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ ト ∠ レ∠ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ͡ Β͡ト⇒∠レボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ⇒∠わョ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゐ ͡ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΕ ∠ や∠ヱ る͡ ョ∠ ヲｚ ジ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや びゆ ͡ ほ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇ジェ ⊥ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや (Beaut ified for men is t he love of t hings t hey covet ; women, children, much of gold and silver (wealt h), branded beaut iful horses, cat t le and well-t illed land. This is t he pleasure of t he present world's life; but Allah has t he excellent ret urn wit h Him.)(3:14) Allah t he Exalt ed also set s a parable for t his life, declaring t hat it s j oys are fading and it s delight s are perishable, saying t hat life is,

び∃ゑ∇Βビ ∠ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Like a rain (Ghayt h),) which is t he rain t hat comes down t o mankind, aft er t hey had felt despair. Allah t he Exalt ed said in anot her Ayah,

び∇やヲ⊥トレ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ゑ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ Α⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He it is Who sends down t he Ghayt h (rain) aft er t hey have despaired.)(42:28) Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ヮゎ⊥ ゅ∠らル∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや ょ ∠ イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ぴ (t hereof t he growt h is pleasing t o t he t iller;) meaning t hat farmers admire t he veget at ion t hat grows in t he aft ermat h of rain. And j ust as farmers admire veget at ion, t he disbelievers admire t his life; t hey are t he most eager t o acquire t he t rait s of life, and life is most dear t o t hem,

び⇔ゅョゅ∠トェ ⊥ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ や⇔ゲ∂ ヘ∠ ∇ダョ⊥ ロ⊥ や∠ゲわ∠ プ∠ ア ⊥ Β͡ヰΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (aft erwards it dries up and you see it t urning yellow; t hen it becomes st raw.) meaning, t hat veget at ion soon t urns yellow in color, aft er being fresh and green. Aft er t hat , t he green fades away and becomes scat t ered pieces of dust . This is t he parable of t his worldly life, it st art s young, t hen mat ures and t hen t urns old and feeble. This is also t he parable of mankind in t his life; t hey are young and st rong in t he beginning. In t his st age of life, t hey look yout hful and handsome. Slowly, t hey begin growing older, t heir mannerism changes and t heir st rengt h weakens. They t hen grow old and feeble; moving becomes difficult for t hem, while doing easy t hings becomes beyond t heir abilit y. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ブ ∃ ∇バッ ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ る⇔ ら∠ ∇Βセ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ∇バッ ∠ り∃ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ｚユを⊥ り∃ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ブ ∃ ∇バッ ∠ び ゲ⊥ Α͡ギボ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ (Allah is He Who creat ed you in (a st at e of) weakness, t hen gave you st rengt h aft er weakness, t hen aft er st rengt h gave (you) weakness and grey hair. He creat es what He wills. And He is t he All-Knowing, t he All-Powerful.)(30:54) This parable indicat es t he near demise of t his life and t he imminent end of it , while in cont rast , t he Hereaft er is surely coming. Those who hear t his parable should, t herefore, be aware of t he significance of t he Hereaft er and feel eagerness in t he goodness t hat it cont ains,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠セ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ び͡ケヱ⊥ゲピ⊥ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ⇒∠わョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∀ ヲ∠ ∇ッケ͡ ヱ∠ (But in t he Hereaft er (t here is) a severe t orment , and (t here is) forgiveness from Allah and (His) pleasure. And t he life of t his world is only a deceiving enj oyment .) meaning, surely, t he Hereaft er t hat will cert ainly come cont ains t wo t hings eit her severe punishment or forgiveness from Allah and His good pleasure. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び͡ケヱ⊥ゲピ⊥ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ⇒∠わョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り⊥ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅョ∠ヱぴ (And t he life of t his world is only a deceiving enj oyment .) meaning, t his life is only a form of enj oyment t hat deceives t hose who incline t o it . Surely, t hose who recline t o t his life will admire it and feel t hat it is dear t o t hem, so much so, t hat t hey might t hink t hat t his is t he only life, no life or dwelling aft er it . Yet , in realit y, t his life is insignificant as compared t o t he Hereaft er. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ ∩͡ヮヤ͡∇バル∠ ポ ͡ や∠ゲセ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ る⊥ レｚイ ∠ ∇ヤャ∠» «マ͡ャク モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ (Paradise is nearer t o any of you t han t he st rap on his shoe, and so is t he (Hell) Fire.) AlBukhari collect ed t his Hadit h t hrough t he narrat ion of At h-Thawri. This Hadit h indicat es t he close proximit y of bot h good and evil in relat ion t o mankind. If t his is t he case, t hen t his is t he reason Allah t he Exalt ed encouraged mankind t o rush t o perform act s of right eousness and obedience and t o avoid t he prohibit ions. By doing so, t heir sins and errors will be forgiven and t hey will acquire rewards and an exalt ed st at us. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ゅ∠ヰッ ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ る∃ レｚ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ り∃ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボよ͡ ゅ∠シぴ び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや チ ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ミ∠ (Race wit h one anot her in hast ening t owards forgiveness from your Lord, and Paradise t he widt h whereof is as t he widt h of t he heaven and t he eart h,) Allah t he Exalt ed said in anot her Ayah,

ゅ∠ヰッ ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ る∃ レｚ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケｚ リあョ り∃ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ハケ͡ ゅ∠シヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ∇れギｚ ハ ͡ ぺ⊥ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (And march fort h in t he way (t o) forgiveness from your Lord, and for Paradise as wide as t he heavens and t he eart h, prepared for t hose who have Taqwa.)(3:133) Allah said here,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇れギｚ ハ ͡ ぺ⊥ぴ び͡ユΒ͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや ヱ⊥ク ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ (prepared for t hose who believe in Allah and His Messengers. That is t he grace of Allah which He best ows on whom He is pleased wit h. And Allah is t he Owner of great bount y.) meaning, "This, t hat Allah has qualified t hem for, is all a part of His favor, bount y and compassion.'' We ment ioned a Hadit h collect ed in t he Sahih in which t he poor emigrant s said t o t he Messenger , "O Allah's Messenger! The wealt hy people will get higher grades and permanent enj oyment .'' He asked,

«∨∠ポや∠ク ゅ∠ョヱ∠ » (Why is t hat ) They said, "They pray like us and fast as we do. However, t hey give in charit y, whereas we cannot do t hat , and t hat free servant s, whereas we cannot afford it .'' The Prophet said,

∇リョ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ボら∠ シ ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ や∠クま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ぁャキ⊥ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ぺ∠» ノ∠ レ∠ タ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ツ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヨあ エ ∠ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲらあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エらあ ジ ∠ ゎ⊥ :∇ユわ⊥ ∇バレ∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ «リΒ͡をゅ∠ヤを∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ り∃ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ あモミ⊥ ゲ∠ よ⊥ キ⊥ n(Shall I t ell you of a good deed t hat , if you act ed upon, you would cat ch up wit h t hose who have surpassed you none would overt ake you and be bet t er t han you, except t hose who might do t he same. Say, "Glorious is Allah,'' "Allah is Most Great ,'' and "Praise be t o Allah,'' t hirt y t hree t imes each aft er every prayer.) They lat er came back and said, "Our wealt hy bret hren heard what we did and t hey st art ed doing t he same.'' Allah's Messenger said,

«￢ゅ∠ゼΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ぶ ͡ やモ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク» This is t he favor of Allah t hat He gives t o whom He wills.)

ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ る∃ ら∠ Β͡ダョぁ リ͡ョ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョぴ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ べ∠ワぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇らルｚ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠プ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇や∇ヲシ ∠ ∇ほゎ∠ Κ ∠ ∇Βム∠ ャあ - ∀ゲΒ͡ジ∠Α ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠

メ ∃ ゅ∠わ∇ガョ⊥ ｚモミ⊥ ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ モ ͡ ∇ガら⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤガ ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ケ∃ ヲ⊥ガプ∠ び ギ⊥ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ぁ レ͡ ピ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ メ ｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ (22. No calamit y occurs in t he eart h nor in yourselves but it is inscribed in t he Book of Decrees before We bring it int o exist ence. Verily, t hat is easy for Allah.) (23. In order t hat you may not grieve at t he t hings over t hat you fail t o get , nor rej oice over t hat which has been given t o you. And Allah likes not prideful boast ers.) (24. Those who are misers and enj oin miserliness upon people. And whosoever t urns away, t hen Allah is Rich, Wort hy of all praise.)

Everything that affects Mankind, is duly measured and destined Allah reminds of His measuring and deciding t he dest iny of all t hings before He creat ed t he creat ion,

ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ る∃ ら∠ Β͡ダョぁ リ͡ョ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ べョ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ (No calamit y occurs on t he eart h nor in yourselves) meaning, ` t here is not hing t hat t ouches you or happens in exist ence,'

びべ∠ワぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇らルｚ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (but it is inscribed in t he Book of Decrees before We bring it int o exist ence.) meaning, ` before We creat ed t he creat ion and st art ed life.' Qat adah comment ed on t his Ayah,

び͡チ∇ケｘΙや ヴ͡プ る∃ ら∠ Β͡ダョぁ リ͡ョ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョぴ (No calamit y occurs on t he eart h) refers t o famine, while,

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (or nor in yourselves) refers t o suffering and diseases.'' He also said, "We were t old t hat every person who suffers a prick of a t horn, a t wist ed ankle, or a bleeding vein, has it occur on account of his sins. What Allah forgives is even more.'' This great , honorable Ayah provides clear evidence t o t he misguidance of t he cursed Qadariyyah sect , who deny Allah's Preordaihnent and His knowledge of everyt hing before it occurs. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr bin Al-` As said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

れ ͡ や∠ヲヨｚジャや ペ ∠ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ホ ゲ∠ Α͡キゅ∠ボヨ∠ ∇ャや ぶ ⊥ や ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ » «る∠レシ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ジ∇ヨガ ∠ よ͡ チ ∠ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ (Allah ordained t he measures (of everyt hing) fift y t housand years before He creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h.)'' Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h in his Sahih wit h t he addit ion:

«￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ セ ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ » (And His Throne was over t he wat er.) At -Tirmidhi also collect ed it and said, "Hasan Sahih.'' Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hat is easy for Allah.) means t hat He knows all t hings before t hey occur, and He records t hem exact ly as t hey will occur when t hey occur, and t his is easy for Him. Verily, Allah knows what happened, what will happen and what did not happen, and what shape and form it will t ake if it were t o happen.

Ordering Patience and Gratitude Allah said,

べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠プ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇や∇ヲシ ∠ ∇ほゎ∠ Κ ∠ ∇Βム∠ ャあぴ び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ (In order t hat you may not grieve at t he t hings over t hat you fail t o get , nor rej oice over t hat which has been given t o you.) meaning, ` We informed you of Our encompassing knowledge, recording all t hings before t hey occur and creat ing all t hings in due measure known t o Us, so t hat you may know t hat what has met you would never have missed you and what has missed you would never have met you. Therefore, do not grieve for what you have missed of fort une, because had it been dest ined for you, you would have achieved it .' (It is also recit ed:) (ゅ∠ャヱ∠ や∇ヲェ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅ∠ゎぺ∠) (nor rej oice over t hat which came t o you) meaning, come t o you. According t o t he recit at ion,

び⊥ユム⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ぴ it means (which has been given t o you.) Bot h meanings are relat ed. Allah says here, ` do not boast before people about what Allah has favored you wit h, because it is not you who earned it by your effort s. Rat her, all t his came your way because Allah dest ined t hem for you and provided t hem for you as provisions. Therefore, do not use what Allah has grant ed you as a reason t o boast and become arrogant wit h ot hers.' Allah's st at ement ,

び∃ケヲ⊥ガプ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠わ∇ガョ⊥ ｚモミ⊥ ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah likes not prideful boast ers.) meaning, who act s arrogant ly wit h ot her people. ` Ikrimah comment ed by saying, "Everyone of us feels happiness and grief. However, make your j oy wit h grat it ude and endure your grief wit h pat ience.''

Censuring the Stinginess Allah t he Exalt ed t hen said,

び͡モ∇ガら⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤガ ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who are misers and enj oin miserliness upon people.) meaning t hose who commit evil and encourage people t o commit it ,

びｚメヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever t urns away,) from abiding by Allah's commandment s and obeying Him,

び⊥ギΒ͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ぁ レ͡ ピ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (t hen Allah is Rich, Wort hy of all praise.) As Musa, peace be upon him, said,

ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ び∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ヴ ｘ レ͡ ピ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや (If you disbelieve, you and all on eart h t oget her, t hen verily, Allah is Rich, Owner of all praise.)(14:8)

ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴルぺ∠ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ギ∠ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ャ∇ゴル∠ぺヱ∠ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ュ∠ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠Α リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ノ⊥ ヘ͡ ⇒∠レョ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠セ ∀サ∇ほ∠よ び ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ン ｘ ヲ͡ ホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠

(25. Indeed We have sent Our Messengers wit h clear proofs, and revealed wit h t hem t he Script ure and t he Mizan t hat mankind may keep up j ust ice. And We brought fort h iron wherein is might y power, as well as many benefit s for mankind, t hat Allah may t est who it is t hat will help Him (His religion) and His Messengers in t he unseen. Verily, Allah is Powerful, Almight y.)

The Prophets were given Miracles and Sent with truth and Justice Allah t he Exalt ed said next ,

び͡ろ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Indeed We have sent Our Messengers wit h clear proofs) in reference t o t he miracles, t he unequivocal evidences and t he plain proofs,

び∠ょ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (and revealed wit h t hem t he Script ure) which cont ains t he t rue t ext ,

び∠ラや∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and t he Mizan), t hat is, j ust ice, according t o Muj ahid, Qat adah and ot hers. This Ayah refers t o t he t rut h t hat is at t est ed t o by t he sound, st raight minds t hat oppose misguided opinions and ideas, j ust as Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

び⊥ヮ∇レョあ ∀ギ͡ワゅ∠セ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わ∠Α∠ヱ ヮ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ る∃ レ∠ Βあ よ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Can t hey (Muslims) who rely on a clear proof from t heir Lord, and whom a wit ness from Him follows it (be equal wit h t he disbelievers).)(11:17),

びゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや り∠ ゲ∠ ∇トプ͡ ぴ (Allah's Fit ra (religion) wit h which He has creat ed mankind.) (30:30), and,

びラ ∠ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ノ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠バ∠プ∠ケ ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (And t he heaven: He has raised it high, and He has set up t he Mizan.)(55:7) This is why Allah said here,

び͡テ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ュ∠ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ (t hat mankind may keep up j ust ice), t rut h and fairness t hat is found in t he obedience of t he Messengers, in all t hat t hey conveyed from t heir Lord, and following all t hey commanded.

Surely, what t he Prophet s brought fort h is t he t rut h, beyond which t here is no t rut h, j ust as Allah said,

び⇔Ι∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ホ∇ギタ ͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろヨｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he Word of your Lord has been fulfilled in t rut h and in j ust ice.)(6:115), His Word is t rue in what it conveys, and j ust in all it s orders and prohibit ions. This is why t he believers say, when t hey t ake up t heir rooms in Paradise and assume t heir high grades and lined t hrones,

Ι∇ヲャ∠ ン ∠ ギ͡ わ∠ ∇ヰレ∠ ャ͡ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ や∠グ⇒∠ヰャ͡ ゅ∠ルや∠ギワ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ びあペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ルや∠ギワ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ (All praise is due t o Allah, Who has guided us t o t his, and never could we have found guidance, were it not t hat Allah had guided us! Indeed, t he Messengers of our Lord did come wit h t he t rut h.)(7:43)

The Benefits of Iron Allah said,

び∀ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ∀サ∇ほ∠よ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ギ∠ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ャ∇ゴル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And We brought fort h iron wherein is might y power,) meaning, ` We made iron a det errent for t hose who refuse t he t rut h and oppose it aft er t he proof has been est ablished against t hem.' Allah's Messenger remained in Makkah for t hirt een years. During t hat t ime, t he revelat ion cont inued being sent t o him, cont aining argument s against t he idolat ors and explaining Tawhid wit h det ail and proofs. When t he evidence was est ablished against t hose who defied t he Messenger , Allah decreed t he Hij rah. Then He ordered t he believers t o fight t he disbelievers using swords, using t hem t o st rike t he necks and foreheads of t hose who opposed, rej ect ed and denied t he Qur'an. Imam Ahmad and Abu Dawud recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ぶ ⊥ や ギ∠ ら∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ヴ∇わェ ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ヵ ͡ ギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ブ ͡ ∇Βジ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ » モ あニ ͡ ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ヶ͡ホ∇コケ͡ モ ∠ バ͡ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ マ ∠ Α͡ゲセ ∠ ゅ∠ャ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ブ ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠カ ∇リョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ピダ ｚ ャやヱ る⊥ ャｚグあ ャや モ ∠ バ͡ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡エ∇ョケ⊥ «ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ よ͡ ヮ∠ らｚ ゼ ∠ ゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヵ͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ (I was sent wit h t he sword j ust before t he Hour so t hat Allah be worshipped alone wit hout part ners. My provision was placed under t he shadow of my spear, and t hose who defy my order

were disgraced and humiliat ed, and he who imit at es a people is one of t hem.) This is why Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∀ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ∀サ∇ほ∠よ ヮ͡ Β͡プぴ (wherein is might y power,) in reference t o weapons, such as swords, spears, daggers, arrows, shields, and so fort h,

び͡サゅｚレヤ͡ャ ノ⊥ ͡ヘ⇒∠レ∠ョ∠ヱぴ (as well as many benefit s for mankind,) meaning, in t heir livelihood, such as using it t o make coins, hammers, axes, saws chisels, shovels and various t ools t hat people use for t ilt ing t he land, sowing, cooking, making dough and manufact uring ot her obj ect s necessary for t heir livelihood. Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ょ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠Α リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (t hat Allah may t est who it is t hat will help Him (His religion) and His Messengers in t he unseen.) meaning, whose int ent ion by carrying weapons is t he defense of Allah (His religion) and His Messenger,

び∀ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ ン ｘ ヲ͡ ホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is Powerful, Almight y.) meaning, surely, Allah is Powerful, Almight y, and He gives vict ory t o t hose who give vict ory and aid t o Him. However, Allah does not need mankind's help, but He ordered Jihad t o t est people wit h each ot her.

ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ わ͡ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ル ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヱ∠ ギ∃ わ∠ ∇ヰョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∠りヲｚ ら⊥ レぁ ャや ヴ∠ジΒ͡バよ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヘｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レヤ͡シ ⊥ ゲ⊥ よ͡ ユ͡ワゲ͡ ⇒∠をや∠￢ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヘｚ ホ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡イル͡Ηや ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ͡ ∇よや ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ハギ∠ わ∠ よや る⇔ Βｚ ル͡ ゅ∠ら∇ワケ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ プ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ワ∇ヲハ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ッケ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇らわ∠ ミ∠

∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∠Αゅ∠ハ͡ケ ペ ｚェ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヱ∠ (26. And indeed, We sent Nuh and Ibrahim, and placed in t heir offspring prophet hood and Script ure. And among t hem t here are some who are guided; but many of t hem are rebellious.) (27. Then, We sent aft er t hem Our Messengers, and We sent ` Isa t he son of Maryam, and gave him t he Inj il. And We ordained in t he heart s of t hose who followed him, compassion and mercy. But t he monast icism which t hey invent ed for t hemselves, We did not prescribe for t hem, but (t hey sought it ) only t o please Allah t herewit h, but t hat t hey did not observe it wit h t he right observance. So, We gave t hose among t hem who believed, t heir (due) reward; but many of t hem are rebellious.)

Many of the Nations of the Prophets were RebellioAllah t he Exalt ed st at es t hat since He sent Nuh, peace be upon him, all t he Prophet s and Messengers He sent aft er t hat were from his offspring. All t he revealed Divine Books and all t he Messengers t hat received revelat ion aft er Ibrahim, Allah's Khalil, peace be upon him, were from Ibrahim's offspring. Allah t he Exalt ed said in anot her Ayah:

び∠ょ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∠りヲｚ ら⊥ レぁ ャや ヮ͡ わ͡ Αｚ ケあ ク⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and placed in t heir offspring prophet hood and Script ure.) ぴ29:27び The last among t he Prophet s of t he Children of Israel was ` Isa, son of Mary, who prophecied t he good news of t he coming of Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon t hem bot h. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

リ ͡ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡バよ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヘｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レヤ͡シ ⊥ ゲ⊥ よ͡ ユ͡ワゲ͡ ⇒∠をや∠￢ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヘｚ ホ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び∠モΒ͡イルΗ ͡ や ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ (Then, We sent aft er t hem Our Messengers, and We sent 'Isa t he son of Maryam, and gave him t he Inj il.) refering t o t he Inj il t hat Allah revealed t o him,

び⊥ロヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We ordained in t he heart s of t hose who followed him,) i.e., t he disciples,

び∀る∠プ∇ぺ∠ケぴ (compassion) and t enderness,

び⇔るヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and mercy.) t oward t he creat ures. Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ワヲ⊥ハギ∠ わ∠ よや る⇔ Βｚ ル͡ ゅ∠ら∇ワケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (But t he monast icism which t hey invent ed for t hemselves,) refers t o t he monast icism t hat t he Christ ian nat ion invent ed,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (We did not prescribe for t hem) ` We -- Allah -- did not ordain it for t hem, but t hey chose it on t heir own.' There are t wo opinions about t he meaning of,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ッケ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (only t o please Allah t herewit h,) The first is t hat t hey want ed t o please Allah by invent ing monast icism. Sa` id bin Jubayr and Qat adah said t his. The second meaning is: "We did not ordain t hem t o pract ice t hat but , rat her, We ordained t hem only t o seek what pleases Allah.'' Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ヰわ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ハケ͡ ペ ｚェ ∠ ゅ∠ワ∇ヲハ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (but t hat t hey did not observe it wit h t he right observance.) meaning, t hey did not abide by what t hey ordered t hemselves t o do. This Ayah crit icizes t hem in t wo ways: first , t hey invent ed in t hings in t heir religion, t hings which Allah did not legislat e for t hem. The second is t hat t hey did not fulfill t he requirement s of what t hey t hemselves invent ed and which t hey claimed was a means of drawing near t o Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored. GIbn Jarir and Abu ` AbdurRahman An-Nasa'i -- and t his is his wording - recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "There were kings aft er ` Isa who changed t he Tawrah and t he Inj il when t here were st ill believers who recit ed Tawrah and t he Inj il. Their kings were t old, ` We were never confront ed by more severe crit icism and abuse t han of t hese people.' -- t hey recit e t he Ayah,

ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ム∇エΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ヘ⇒∠ム∇ャや (And whosoever does not j udge by what Allah has revealed, such are t he disbelievers.)(5:44), as well as, t hey accuse us of short comings in our act ions, while st ill t hey recit e. Therefore, summon t hem and let t hem recit e t hese Ayat our way and believe in t hem our way.' The king summoned t hem and gat hered t hem and t hreat ened t hem wit h deat h if t hey did not revert from recit ing t he original Tawrah and Inj il t o using t he corrupt ed version only. They said, ` Why do you want us t o do t hat , let us be.' Some of t hem said, ` Build a narrow elevat ed t ower for us and let us ascend it , and t hen give us t he means t o elevat e food and drink t o us. This way, you will save yourselves from hearing us.' Anot her group among t hem said, ` Let us go about in t he land and eat and drink like beast s do, and if you find us in your own land, t hen kill us.' Anot her group among t hem said, ` Build homes (monast eries) for us in t he desert s and secluded areas, where we can dig wells and plant veget ables. Then, we will not refut e you and will not even

pass by you.' These groups said t his, even t hough t hey all had support ers among t heir t ribes. It is about t his t hat Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored sent down t his Ayah,

￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ハギ∠ わ∠ よや る⇔ Βｚ ル͡ ゅ∠ら∇ワケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ヰわ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ハケ͡ ペ ｚェ ∠ ゅ∠ワ∇ヲハ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ッケ͡ (But t he monast icism which t hey invent ed for t hemselves, We did not prescribe for t hem, but (t hey sought it ) only t o please Allah t herewit h, but t hat t hey did not observe it wit h t he right observance.) ''' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said t hat t he Prophet said,

キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰイ ͡ ∇ャや る͡ ョｚ ほ⊥∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ る⊥ ｚΒル͡ ゅ∠ら∇ワケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀るΒｚ ル͡ ゅ∠ら∇ワケ∠ ヶ ∠ ら͡ ル∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡» «モ∠ィヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ やモ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ (Every Prophet has Rahbaniyyah (monast icism); Jihad in t he cause of Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, is t he Rahbaniyyah of t his Ummah.) Al-Hafiz Abu Ya` la collect ed t his Hadit h and in t his narrat ion, t he Prophet said,

キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰイ ͡ ∇ャや る͡ ョｚ ほ⊥∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ る⊥ ｚΒル͡ ゅ∠ら∇ワケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀るΒｚ ル͡ ゅ∠ら∇ワケ∠ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモム⊥ ャ͡» «ぶや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ (Every Ummah has Rahbaniyyah; Jihad in t he cause of Allah is t he Rahbaniyyah of t his Ummah.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri said t hat a man came t o him and asked him for advice, and Abu Sa` id said t hat he asked t he same of Allah's Messenger . Abu Sa` id said, "So, I advise you t o adhere by t he Taqwa of Allah, because it is t he chief of all mat t ers. Fulfill t he obligat ion of Jihad, because it is t he Rahbaniyyah of Islam. Take care of remembering Allah and recit ing t he Qur'an, because it is your closeness (or st at us) in t he heavens and your good fame on eart h.'' Only Imam Ahmad collect ed t his Hadit h.

ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シゲ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ モ∠バ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ョ リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠∇ヘミ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Κ ｚ ゃ∠ ャあ - ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ヨゎ∠ リあョ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠

￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ モ ∠ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ∇ツプ∠ び ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや ヱ⊥ク ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (28. O you who believe! Have Taqwa of Allah, and believe in His Messenger, He will give you a double port ion of His mercy, and He will give you a light by which you shall walk (st raight ). And He will forgive you. And Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (29. So t hat t he People of t he Script ures may know t hat t hey have no power what soever over t he grace of Allah, and t hat (His) grace is in His Hand t o best ow it on whomsoever He wills. And Allah is t he Owner of great bount y.)

The Believers of the People of the Scriptures will earn Double their Rewards Earlier we ment ioned a Hadit h t hat An-Nasa'i collect ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat t his Ayah is about t he People of t he Script ures who believe in Islam, and t hat t hey will earn double t heir reward if t hey do so. There is an Ayah in Surat Al-Qasas t o support t his meaning. Also, t here is a Hadit h from Ash-Sha` bi from Abu Burdah from his fat her from Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ :リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚ ョ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∀る∠をゅ∠ヤ∠を» ギ∀ ∇らハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ラや∠ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ヶ͡よ リ ∠ ョ∠ へ∠ヱ ヮ͡ Βあ ら͡ レ∠ よ͡ リ ∠ ョ∠ へ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∩͡ラや∠ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ャや∠ヲョ∠ ペ ｚェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ やペ ｚェ ∠ ンｚキ∠ぺ ∀ポヲ⊥ヤ∇ヨョ∠ ゅ∠ヰボ∠ わ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩ゅ∠ヰら∠ Α͡キ∇ほゎ∠ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ゆ ∠ キｚ ぺ∠ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ «ラや∠ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ヰィ ∠ ヱｚ ゴ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ (Three will get t heir reward t wice. A believer from t he People of t he Script ures who has been a t rue believer in his Prophet and t hen believes in me, will get a double reward. A slave who fulfills Allah's right s and obligat ions as well as t he dut ies of his mast er, will get a double reward. A person who has a slave-girl and he educat es her properly and t eaches her good manners properly (wit hout violence) and t hen manumit s and marries her, will get a double reward.) This Hadit h is recorded in t he Two Sahihs. Ad-Dahhak, ` Ut bah bin Abi Hakim and ot hers agreed wit h Ibn ` Abbas in t his, and Ibn Jarir preferred it . Allah t he Exalt ed said in anot her Ayah,

∇ユム⊥ ャｚ モ∠バ∇イΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ラ∠ま ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒͡Αぴ ヱ⊥ク ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ∇ゲヘあ ム∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ホ∇ゲプ⊥ び ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや (O you who believe! If you have Taqwa of Allah, He will grant you a crit erion, and will expiat e for you your sins, and forgive you; and Allah is Owner of t he great bount y.)(8:29) Sa` id bin ` Abdul-` Aziz said, ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab asked a Jewish rabbi, ` What is t he maximum a reward would be increased for you' He replied, ` A Kifl (port ion) which is about t hree hundred and fift y good merit s.' So ` Umar said, ` Praise be t o Allah who gave us t wo Kifls.' Then Sa` id ment ioned Allah's saying:

び͡ヮわ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚ リ͡ョ リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠∇ヘミ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ぴ (He will give you a double port ion of His mercy,) Sa` id said, "And t he t wo Kifls on Friday are similar t o t hat .'' This was recorded by Ibn Jarir. This view has support from t he Hadit h t hat Imam Ahmad recorded from ` Abdullah bin ` Umar t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ン∠ケゅ∠ダレｚ ャや∠ヱ キ͡ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ョ∠ » り͡ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヶ͡ャ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ゅ⇔ャゅｚヨハ ⊥ モ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∨∃ヅや∠ゲΒ͡ホ ヅ ∃ や∠ゲΒ͡ホ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ブ ͡ ∇ダル͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ウ ͡ ∇らダ ぁ ャや り͡ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヶ͡ャ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥キヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャや ろ ͡ ヤ∠ヨ͡ バ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∨∃ヅや∠ゲΒ͡ホ ヅ ∃ や∠ゲΒ͡ホ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ダバ∠ ∇ャや り͡ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヰヌ ぁ ャや ∇リョ͡ ヶ͡ャ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ｚユを⊥ ∩ン∠ケゅ∠ダレｚ ャや ろ ͡ ヤ∠ヨ͡ バ∠ プ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ゆ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダバ∠ ∇ャや り͡ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ∩∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ルほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∨͡リ∇Βデ ∠ や∠ゲΒ͡ホ リ ͡ ∇Βデ ∠ や∠ゲΒ͡ホ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ン∠ケゅ∠ダレｚャや ょ ∠ ツ ͡ ピ∠ プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ∇モワ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩⇔￢ゅ∠トハ ∠ モ ぁ ホ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヤヨ∠ ハ ∠

∇リョ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ ヶ͡ヤ∇ツプ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩ゅ∠ャ :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∨ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ «￢ゅ∠セぺ∠ (The parable of you and t he Jews and Christ ians is t hat of a person who employed some laborers and asked t hem, "Who will work for me from t he Dawn prayer unt il midday for one Qirat (a special weight of gold) each'' So, t he Jews worked. The person asked, "Who will do t he work for me from t he Zuhr prayer t o t he t ime of t he ` Asr prayer for one Qirat each'' So, t he Christ ians worked. Then t he person asked, "Who will do t he work for me from ` Asr prayer unt il sunset for t wo Qirat each'' You are t hose who did t his work. The Jews and t he Christ ians got angry and said, "We did more work, but got less wages.'' Allah said, "Have I been unj ust t o you wit h your reward'' They said, "No.'' So, Allah said, "Then it is My grace which I best ow on whomever I will.'') Al-Bukhari collect ed t his Hadit h. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Musa said t hat t he Prophet said,

モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ン∠ケゅ∠ダレｚ ャや∠ヱ キ͡ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ » モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ⇔ヤヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ モ ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バわ∠ ∇シや ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ブ ͡ ∇ダル͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ バ∠ プ∠ ∩∃ュヲ⊥ヤ∇バョ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ィぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∩ゅ∠レャ∠ ろ ∠ ∇デゲ∠ セ ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠レ∠ャ る∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ェ ゅ∠ャ :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ∇ミぺ∠ ∩やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ :∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩∀モデ ͡ ゅ∠よ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ やヲ∠よほ∠プ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ヤョ͡ ゅ∠ミ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ ∠ る∠ Βｚ ボ͡ よ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ る∠ Βｚ ボ͡ よ∠ やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ∇ミぺ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ へ ゲ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ほわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ヴ∇わェ ∠ やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ バ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ゲ∇ィ∠ほ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇デゲ∠ セ ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゲ∠ ∇ダバ∠ ∇ャや や⊥ヲヤｚタ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や∠クま͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ .ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ろ ∠ ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ゲ⊥ ∇ィほ∠∇ャや マ ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∀モデ ͡ ゅ∠よ ∀￢∇ヶ∠セ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヶ ∠ ボ͡ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ∩∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ ∠ る∠ Βｚ ボ͡ よ∠ やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ∇ミぺ∠ る∠ Βｚ ボ͡ よ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ゲ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ほわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ .やヲ∠よほ∠プ∠ ∩∀ゲΒジ ͡ Α∠

ろ ͡ よ∠ ゅ∠ビ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ る∠ Βｚ ボ͡ よ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ バ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠プ ∩ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ミ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βボ∠ Α͡ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや り∠ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ⊥ やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∩⊥ザ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや «ケヲぁレャや や∠グワ ∇リョ͡ やヲ⊥ヤら͡ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ん∠ ョ∠ (The parable of t he Muslims, Jews and Christ ians is t hat of a man who employed laborers t o work for him from morning unt il night for a known wage. So, t hey worked unt il midday and said, ` We are not in need of t he wages t hat you promised and our work was in vain.' So, t he man said, ` Do not quit now, complet e t he rest of t he work and yours will be t he full wage I have fixed for it .' However, t hey refused and quit , and he had t o hire anot her bat ch of workers. He said (t o t he second bat ch), ` Complet e t he work for t he rest of t he day and I will give you t he same wage I promised t he first bat ch.' So, t hey worked unt il t he t ime of t he ` Asr prayer and said, ` What ever we have done is in vain and we forfeit t he wages you promised us.' He said t o t hem, ` Complet e your day's work, for only a small part of t he day remains.' However, t hey refused, and he employed anot her bat ch t o work for t he rest of t he day, and t hey worked unt il sunset and received t he wages of t he t wo former bat ches. This is an example of t hem (i.e., t he Jews and Christ ians) and of t hose who accept ed t his light (i.e., Islam).) AlBukhari was alone in recording it . Allah t he Exalt ed said;

￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Κ ｚ ゃ∠ ャあぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや モ ͡ ∇ツプ∠ リあョ (So t hat t he People of t he Script ures may know t hat t hey have no power what soever over t he grace of Allah,) meaning, so t hat t hey become sure t hat t hey cannot prevent what Allah gives, or give what Allah prevent s,

ヱク⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ͡ヮΒ͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ モ ∠ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ユΒ͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや (and t hat (His) grace is (ent irely) in His Hand t o best ow it on whomsoever He wills. And Allah is t he Owner of great bount y.) This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Hadid, all praise is due t o Allah, and all favors come from Him.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Mujadilah (Chapter - 58) Which was revealed in Al-Madinah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ

In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ゅ∠ヰ͡ィ∇ヱ∠コ ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ャ⊥キ͡ ゅ∠イゎ⊥ ヴ͡わャｚや メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ノ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ べヨ⊥ミケ∠ ヱ⊥ ゅ∠エゎ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ͡ムわ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ヱ∠ び ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ (1. Indeed Allah has heard t he st at ement of her t hat disput es wit h you concerning her husband, and complains t o Allah. And Allah hears t he argument bet ween you bot h. Verily, Allah is AllHearer, All-Seer.)

Reason for revealing this Surah Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "All praise be t o Allah, Who hears all voices. "The woman who disput ed'' came t o t he Prophet and argued wit h him while I was in anot her part of t he room, unable t o hear what she said. Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored revealed t his Ayah,

びゅ∠ヰィ ͡ ∇ヱコ∠ ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ャ⊥キ͡ ゅ∠イゎ⊥ ヴ͡わャｚや メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ノ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Indeed Allah has heard t he st at ement of her t hat disput es wit h you concerning her husband.)'' t ill t he end of t his Ayah. Al-Bukhari collect ed t his Hadit h wit hout a chain of narrat ion in t he Book of Tawhid in his Sahih. An-Nasa'i, Ibn Maj ah, Ibn Abi Hat im and Ibn Jarir also collect ed t his Hadit h. In t he narrat ion t hat Ibn Abi Hat im collect ed, ` A'ishah said, "Blessed is He, Whose hearing has encompassed all t hings. I heard what Khawlah bint Tha` labah said while some of it I could not hear. She was complaining t o Allah's Messenger about her husband. She said, ` O Allah's Messenger! He spent my wealt h, exhaust ed my yout h and my womb bore abundant ly for him. When I be- came old, unable t o bear children, he pronounced t he Ziharon me! O Allah! I complain t o you.' Soon aft er, Jibril brought down t his Ayah,

びゅ∠ヰィ ͡ ∇ヱコ∠ ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ャ⊥キ͡ ゅ∠イゎ⊥ ヴ͡わャｚや メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ノ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Indeed Allah has heard t he st at ement of her t hat disput es wit h you concerning her husband,)'' She added, "Her husband was Aws bin As-Samit .''

ｚリワ⊥ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ジルあ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヰ͡ ⇒∠ヌΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ∇ギャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡もΚ ｚ ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ ヲｘ ヘ⊥ バ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ や⇔ケヱ⊥コヱ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ゲ∠ムレ⊥ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠

ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ジルあ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヰ͡ ⇒∠ヌΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リあョ る∃ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ゲ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヨ͡ャ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キヲ⊥バΑ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲヌ ⊥ハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ゅｚシべ∠ヨわ∠ Α∠ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ͡ ∇Βバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠わわ∠ ョ⊥ リ ͡ ∇Αゲ∠ ∇ヰセ ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠Βダ ͡ プ∠ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ヨプ∠ ゅ⇔レΒ͡ム∇ジョ͡ リ ∠ Βあわシ ͡ ュ⊥ ゅ∠バ∇デみ͡プ∠ ∇ノト ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ヨプ∠ ゅｚシべ∠ヨわ∠ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ⊥ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽわ⊥ ャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ヱ∠ (2. Those among you who make t heir wives unlawful t o t hem by Zihar t hey cannot be t heir mot hers. None can be t heir mot hers except t hose who gave t hem birt h. And verily, t hey ut t er an ill word and a lie. And verily, Allah is Oft -Pardoning, Oft -Forgiving.) (3. And t hose who make unlawful t o t hem (t heir wives) by Zihar and wish t o free t hemselves from what t hey ut t ered, (t he penalt y) in t hat case is t he freeing of a slave before t hey t ouch each ot her. That is an admonit ion t o you. And Allah is All-Aware of what you do.) (4. And he who finds not , must fast t wo successive mont hs before t hey bot h t ouch each ot her. And he who is unable t o do so, should feed sixt y of t he poor. That is in order t hat you may have perfect fait h in Allah and His Messenger. These are t he limit s set by Allah. And for disbelievers, t here is a painful t orment .)

Az-Zihar and the Atonement for It Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Khuwaylah bint Tha` labah said, "By Allah! Allah sent down t he beginning of Surat Al-Muj adilah in connect ion wit h me and ` Aws bin As-Samit . He was my husband and had grown old and difficult . One day, he came t o me and I argued wit h him about somet hing and he said, out of anger, ` You are like my mot her's back t o me.' He went out and sat wit h some of his people. Then he came back and want ed t o have sexual int ercourse wit h me. I said, ` No, by t he One in Whose Hand is t he soul of Khuwaylah! You will not have your way wit h me aft er you said what you said, unt il Allah and His Messenger issue j udgement about our case.' He want ed t o have his way regardless of my choice and I pushed him away from me; he was an old man.' I next went t o one of my neighbors and borrowed a garment from her and went t o t he Messenger of Allah . I t old him what happened and kept complaining t o him of t he ill t reat ment I received from ` Aws. He said,

«ヮΒ͡プ ぶ ∠ や ヶ͡ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ ∩∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ∀オ∇Β∠セ マ ͡ ヨあ ハ ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ∩⊥る∠ヤ∇Α∠ヲカ ⊥ ゅ∠Α» (O Khuwaylah! Your cousin is an old man, so have Taqwa of Allah regarding him.) By Allah! Before I depart ed, part s of t he Qur'an were revealed about me. Allah's Messenger felt t he hardship upon receiving t he revelat ion as he usually did and t hen became relieved. He said t o me,

マ ͡ ら͡ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タ ヶ͡プヱ∠ マ ͡ Β͡プ ぶ ⊥ や メ ∠ ゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∩⊥る∠ヤ∇Α∠ヲカ ⊥ ゅ∠Α» «ゅ⇔ルへ∇ゲホ⊥ (O Khuwaylah! Allah has revealed somet hing about you and your spouse.) He recit ed t o me,

ゅ∠ヰ͡ィ∇ヱ∠コ ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ャ⊥キ͡ ゅ∠イゎ⊥ ヴ͡わャｚや メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ノ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ べヨ⊥ミケ∠ ヱ⊥ ゅ∠エゎ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ͡ムわ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ヱ∠ び ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ ∠ (Indeed Allah has heard t he st at ement of her t hat disput es wit h you concerning her husband, and complains t o Allah. And Allah hears t he argument bet ween you bot h. Verily, Allah is AllHearer, All-Seer.), unt il,

び∀ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ムヤ͡ャヱ∠ ぴ (And for disbelievers, t here is a painful t orment .) He t hen said t o me,

«る∠らホ∠ ケ∠ ∇ペわ͡ ∇バΒ⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ Α͡ゲョ⊥ » (Command him t o free a slave.) I said, ` O Allah's Messenger! He does not have any t o free.' He said,

«リ∇Βバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠わわ∠ ョ⊥ リ ͡ ∇Αゲ∠ ∇ヰセ ∠ ∇ユダ ⊥ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ » (Let him fast for t wo consecut ive mont hs.) I said, ` By Allah! He is an old man and cannot fast .' He said,

«ゲ∇ヨゎ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ⇔ボ∇シヱ∠ ゅ⇔レΒ͡ム∇ジョ͡ リ ∠ Βあわシ ͡ ∇ユバ͡ ∇トΒ⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ » (Let him feed sixt y poor people a Wasq of dat es.) I said, ` O Allah's Messenger! By Allah, he does not have any of t hat .' He said,

«ゲ∇ヨゎ∠ ∇リョ͡ ベ ∃ ゲ∠ バ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ レ⊥ Β͡バレ⊥ シ ∠ ゅｚルみ͡プ∠ » (We will help him wit h a basket of dat es.) I said, ` And I, O Allah's Messenger! I will help him wit h anot her.' He said,

∩⊥ヮ∇レハ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヶ͡ホギｚ ダ ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡らワ∠ ∇クゅ∠プ ろ ͡ ∇レジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ∇らタ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ » «やゲ⇔ ∇Βカ ∠ マ ͡ ヨあ ハ ∠ リ ͡ ∇よゅ͡よ ヶ͡タ∇ヲわ∠ ∇シや ｚユを⊥ (You have done a right eously good t hing. So go and give away t he dat es on his behalf and t ake care of your cousin.) I did t hat .''' Abu Dawud also collect ed t his Hadit h in t he Book of Divorce in his Sunan, according t o which her name is Khawlah bint Tha` labah. She is also known as Khawlah bint Malik bin Tha` labah, and Khuwaylah. All t hese are close t o each ot her, and Allah knows best . This is what is correct about t he reason behind revealing t his Surah. Therefore, Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ジルあ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱゲ⊥ ヰ͡ ⇒∠ヌΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those among you who make t heir wives unlawful t o t hem by Zihar) refers t o Zihar, which is derived from Az-Zahr, meaning, t he back. During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, when one want ed t o declare Zihar t owards his wife, he would say, "To me, you are like t he back of my mot her.'' That was one way t hey issued divorce during t hat t ime. Allah allowed t his Ummah t o pay expiat ion for t his st at ement and did not render it as a divorce, cont rary t o t he case during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah. Allah said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ∇ギャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡もΚ ｚ ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ ｚリワ⊥ ゅｚョぴ (t hey cannot be t heir mot hers. None can be t heir mot hers except t hose who gave t hem birt h.) meaning, when t he husband says t o his wife t hat she is like his mot her, or t he back of his mot her et c., she does not become his mot her. Rat her his mot her is she who gave birt h t o him. This is why Allah said,

び⇔やケヱ⊥コヱ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ゲ∠ムレ⊥ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, t hey ut t er an ill word and a lie.) meaning, false and sinful speech,

び∀ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヲｘ ヘ⊥ バ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, Allah is Oft -Pardoning, Oft -Forgiving.) meaning, ` what you used t o do during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, and what accident ally slips out of your mout h, unint ent ionally.' Allah's st at ement ,

ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キヲ⊥バΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ジルあ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヰ͡ ⇒∠ヌΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ (And t hose who make unlawful t o t hem (t heir wives) by Zihar and wish t o free t hemselves from what t hey ut t ered,) Ash-Shafi` i said, "It means t o keep her for a while aft er t he Zihar, wit hout

divorcing her, even t hough his is able t o do so.'' Ahmad bin Hanbal said, "To ret urn t o having sexual relat ions wit h her or t o merely int end t o do so, but only aft er he pays t he expiat ion ment ioned in t he Ayah for his st at ement .'' It has been quot ed from Malik t hat it is t he int ent ion t o have sexual relat ions or t o keep her or act ually having sexual int ercourse. Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat t his Ayah,

び∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キヲ⊥バΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and wish t o free t hemselves from what t hey ut t ered,) meaning, if t hey want t o ret urn t o having sexual int ercourse which was forbidden bet ween t hem. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said t hat it is t o ut ilize her sexual organ, and he did not see any harm in doing what is less t han t hat before paying t he expiat ion. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas:

びゅｚシべ∠ヨわ∠ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リあョぴ (before t hey t ouch each ot her.) "The ` t ouching' refers here t o sexual int ercourse.'' Similar was said by ` At a', Az-Zuhri, Qat adah and Muqat il bin Hayyan. Az-Zuhri added, "He is not t o kiss or t ouch her unt il he pays t he expiat ion.'' The Sunan compilers recorded from ` Ikrimah, from Ibn ` Abbas t hat a man said, "O Allah's Messenger! I pronounced Zihar on my wife, but t hen had sexual int ercourse wit h her before I paid t he expiat ion.'' The Messenger said,

«ぶや マ ∠ ヨ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴヤ∠ハ マ ∠ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (May Allah grant you His mercy, what made you do t hat ) He said, "I saw t he adornment she was wearing shining in t he moon's light .'' The Prophet said,

«モ∠ィヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やポ ∠ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ » (Then do not t ouch her unt il you do what Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored has ordered you t o do.) At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib Sahih.'' Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i also recorded it . Allah said,

び∃るら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ゲ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ぴ ((t he penalt y) in t hat case is t he freeing of a slave) indicat ing t he necessit y of freeing a slave before t hey t ouch each ot her. This Ayah ment ions any slave, not only believing servant s as in t he case of t he expiat ion for (unint ent ional) killing,

び͡ヮよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That is an admonit ion t o you.) meaning, a warning t o t hreat en you in t his case.

び∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ

(And Allah is All-Aware of what you do.) meaning, He is All-Knower in what brings you benefit . Allah's st at ement ,

モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ͡ ∇Βバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠わわ∠ ョ⊥ リ ͡ ∇Αゲ∠ ∇ヰセ ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠Βダ ͡ プ∠ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ヨ∠プぴ び⇔ゅレΒ͡ム∇ジョ͡ リ ∠ Βあわシ ͡ ュ⊥ ゅ∠バ∇デみ͡プ∠ ∇ノト ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ヨプ∠ ゅｚシべ∠ヨわ∠ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ (And he who finds not must fast t wo successive mont hs before t hey bot h t ouch each ot her. And he who is unable t o do so, should feed sixt y of t he poor.) is explained by t he Hadit hs t hat prescribe t hese punishment s in t his order, j ust as in t he Hadit h collect ed in t he Two Sahihs about t he man who had sexual int ercourse wit h his wife during t he day, in Ramadan. Allah said,

び͡ヮャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲレ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽわ⊥ ャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That is in order t hat you may have perfect fait h in Allah and His Messenger.) meaning, ` We legislat ed t his punishment so t hat you acquire t his t rait ,'

び͡ヮヤｚャや キ⊥ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (These are t he limit s set by Allah.) meaning, t he t hings t hat He has forbidden, so do not t ransgress t hem,

び∀ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ムヤ͡ャヱ∠ ぴ (And for disbelievers, t here is a painful t orment .) meaning, t hose who do not believe and do not abide by t he rulings of Islamic legislat ion should never t hink t hey will be saved from t he t orment . Rat her t heirs will be a painful t orment in t his life and t he Hereaft er.

ろ ∠ ら͡ ミ⊥ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥わら͡ ミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヱぁキべ∠エΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ろ ∃ ⇒∠レΒあ よ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ べ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ん⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ∀リΒ͡ヰョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ジル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇ェぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゃ⊥ あらレ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ - ∀ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ン∠ヲ∇イルｚ リ͡ョ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや

∇ユヰ⊥ シ ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠シ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ ジ ∠ ∇ヨカ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ よ͡ や∠ケ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ͡ョ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ヰゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ Α⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ (5. Verily, t hose who oppose Allah and His Messenger will be disgraced as t hose before t hem were disgraced. And We have sent down clear Ayat . And for t he disbelievers is a disgraceful t orment .) (6. On t he Day when Allah will resurrect t hem all t oget her and inform t hem of what t hey did. Allah has kept account of it , while t hey have forgot t en it . And Allah is Wit ness over all t hings.) (7. Have you not seen t hat Allah knows what soever is in t he heavens and what soever is on t he eart h There is no Naj wa of t hree but He is t heir fourt h nor of five but He is t heir sixt h nor of less t han t hat or more but He is wit h t hem wheresoever t hey may be. And aft erwards on t he Day of Resurrect ion He will inform t hem of what t hey did. Verily, Allah is t he All-Knower of everyt hing.)

Explaining the Punishment of the Enemies of the Religion Allah st at es t hat t hose who defy Him and His Messenger and cont radict His commandment s,

び∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ろ ∠ ら͡ ミ⊥ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥わら͡ ミ⊥ ぴ (will be disgraced as t hose before t hem were disgraced) meaning, t hey will be humiliat ed, cursed and disgraced, j ust as what happened t o t heir like were before t hem,

び∃ろ⇒∠レΒあ よ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ べ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have sent down clear Ayat .) meaning, none cont radict s or opposes t hem, except a disbeliever, rebellious, sinner,

び∀リΒ͡ヰョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And for t he disbelievers is a disgraceful t orment ) meaning, as j ust recompense for t heir arrogant refusal t o follow, obey and submit t o t he religion of Allah. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び⇔ゅバΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ん⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day when Allah will resurrect t hem all t oget her) referring t o t he Day of Resurrect ion when He will gat her t he early and t he lat t er generat ions in one area,

び∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゃ⊥ あらレ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ぴ (and inform t hem of what t hey did.) He will t ell t hem all t hat t hey did in det ail, whet her good or evil,

び⊥ロヲ⊥ジル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇ェぺ∠ぴ (Allah has kept account of it , while t hey have forgot t en it .) meaning, Allah recorded and kept all t hese act ions, even t hough t hey have forgot t en what t hey did,

び∀ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is Wit ness over all t hings.) meaning, not hing escapes His knowledge, and no mat t er is hidden from Him or escapes His complet e observat ion.

Allah's Knowledge encompasses Creation Then Allah t he Exalt ed informs of His knowledge encompassing all creat ion, observing it , hearing t heir speech and seeing t hem, wherever t hey may be and in what ever condit ion t hey may be in,

ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び∃るん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ン∠ヲ∇イルｚ リ͡ョ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや (Have you not seen t hat Allah knows what soever is in t he heavens and what soever is on t he eart h There is no Naj wa of t hree), i.e., secret consult at ion of t hree,

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ シ ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠シ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ ジ ∠ ∇ヨカ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ よ͡ や∠ケ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ͡ョ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ び∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ (but He is t heir fourt h --- nor of five but He is t heir sixt h --- nor of less t han t hat or more but He is wit h t hem wheresoever t hey may be.) meaning, He is wat ching t hem, perfect ly hearing t heir speech, whet her ut t ered in public or secret . His angels record all t hat t hey say, even t hough He has bet t er knowledge of it and hears t hem perfect ly, as Allah said;

ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヲ∇イル∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲｚ シ ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び ͡ゆヲ⊥Βピ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ⇒ｚヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや (Know t hey not t hat Allah knows t heir secret ideas, and t heir Naj wa, and t hat Allah is t he AllKnower of t he unseen.) (9:78),

ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ユ⊥ワヲ∠ ∇イル∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲｚ シ ͡ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジル∠ Ι ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ (Or do t hey t hink t hat We hear not t heir secret s and t heir privat e Naj wa And Our messengers are by t hem t o record.) (43:80) For t his reason, several ment ioned t hat t here is a consensus among t he scholars t hat t his "wit h'' refers t o Allah's knowledge. There is no doubt t hat t his meaning is t rue, especially if we add t o it t he cert aint y t hat His hearing encompasses all t hings, as well as His sight . He, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, is never lacking in knowing all t heir affairs,

あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ヰゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ Α⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び∀ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ (And aft erwards on t he Day of Resurrect ion He will inform t hem of what t hey did. Verily, Allah is t he All-Knower of everyt hing.) Imam Ahmad comment ed, "Allah began t he Ayah (58:7) by ment ioning His knowledge and ended it by ment ioning His knowledge.''

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キヲ⊥バΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ン∠ヲ∇イレｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰル⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ラ ͡ や∠ヱ∇ギバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユ͡ ∇をΗ ͡ ゅ͡よ ∠ラ∇ヲ∠イ⇒∠レ∠わ∠Α∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ポ ∠ ∇ヲΒｚ ェ ∠ ポ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ろ ͡ Β∠ ダ ͡ ∇バョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよ⊥ グあ ∠バΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ Βあ エ ∠ Α⊥ ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヲヤ∠∇ダΑ∠ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボル∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βィ ∠ ゅ∠レゎ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ - ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや る͡ Β∠ ダ ͡ ∇バョ∠ ヱ∠ ͡ラや∠ヱ∇ギバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユ͡ ∇をΗ ͡ ゅ͡よ ∇や∇ヲイ ∠ ⇒∠レわ∠ ゎ∠

ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン͡グャｚや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ら͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇や∇ヲイ ∠ ⇒∠レゎ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゴ⊥ ∇エΒ∠ ャ͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ン∠ヲ∇イレｚ ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ケあ べ∠ツよ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ (8. Have you not seen t hose who were forbidden t o hold secret counsels, and aft erwards ret urned t o t hat which t hey had been forbidden, and conspired t oget her for sin and wrongdoing and disobedience t o t he Messenger. And when t hey come t o you, t hey greet you wit h a greet ing wherewit h Allah greet s you not , and say wit hin t hemselves: "Why should Allah punish us not for what we say'' Hell will be sufficient for t hem; t hey will ent er t herein. And worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion!) (9. O you who believe! When you hold secret counsel, do it not for sin and wrongdoing, and disobedience t o t he Messenger, but do it for Al-Birr and Taqwa; and have Taqwa of Allah unt o Whom you shall be gat hered.) (10. Secret counsels are only from Shayt an, in order t hat he may cause grief t o t he believers. But he cannot harm t hem in t he least , except as Allah permit s. And in Allah let t he believers put t heir t rust .)

The Evil of the Jews Ibn Abi Naj ih report ed from Muj ahid,

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キヲ⊥バΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ン∠ヲ∇イレｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰル⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び⊥ヮ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ (Have you not seen t hose who were forbidden t o hold secret counsels, and aft erwards ret urned t o t hat which t hey had been forbidden,) He said, "The Jews.'' Similar was said by Muqat il bin Hayyan, who added, "The Prophet had a peace t reat y wit h t he Jews. When one of t he Prophet 's Companions would pass by a gat hering of Jews, t hey would speak among t hemselves in secret , prompt ing t he believer t o t hink t hat t hey were plot t ing t o kill or harm him. When t he believer saw t his, he feared for his safet y and changed t he rout e he was t aking. The Prophet advised t hem t o abandon t heir evil secret t alks, but t hey did not list en and kept on holding t he Naj wa. Allah t he Exalt ed sent down t his Ayah in t heir case,

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キヲ⊥バΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ン∠ヲ∇イレｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰル⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び⊥ヮ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ (Have you not seen t hose who were forbidden t o hold secret counsels, and aft erwards ret urned t o t hat which t hey had been forbidden).'' Allah's st at ement ,

び͡メヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ろ ͡ Β∠ ダ ͡ ∇バョ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ や∠ヱ∇ギバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユ͡ ∇をΗ ͡ ゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ∇ヲイ ∠ ⇒∠レわ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and conspired t oget her for sin and wrongdoing and disobedience t o t he Messenger.) means, t hey used t o t alk t o each ot her,

び͡ユ∇をΗ ͡ ゅ͡よぴ (for sin) which involves t hemselves,

び͡ラヱ∠ ∇ギバ⊥ ∇ャやヱ∠ ぴ (and wrongdoing) which effect s ot hers. They speak about disobedience and defying of t he Messenger , wit h persist ence and recommending each ot her t o follow t heir way,

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ヮ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ Βあ エ ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ポ ∠ ∇ヲΒｚェ ∠ ポ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t hey come t o you, t hey greet you wit h a greet ing wherewit h Allah greet s you not ,) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "Some Jews came t o t he Prophet and greet ed him by saying, ` As-Sam ` Alayka, O Abul-Qasim.' So I said t o t hem, ` wa ` Alaykum As-Sam (t he same deat h be upon you).' The Prophet said,

«ズぁエ∠ヘわｚ ャや ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ズ ∠ ∇エヘ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡ る⊥ ゼ ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ハ ゅ∠Α» (O ` A'ishah, Allah does not like rudeness and foul speech.) I said, ` Didn't you hear t hem say, ` As-Sam Alayka' He said,

«ユ⊥ム∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ ろ ͡ ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヱ∠ ぺ∠» (Didn't you hear me answering t hem back by saying, ` Wa ` Alaykum (And t he same upon you)') Allah t he Exalt ed t hen sent down t his Ayah,

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ヮ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ Βあ エ ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ポ ∠ ∇ヲΒｚェ ∠ ポ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t hey come t o you, t hey greet you wit h a greet ing wherewit h Allah greet s you not ,)'' The narrat ion collect ed in t he Sahih st at es t hat ` A'ishah said, "And be upon you t he deat h, disgrace and curse.'' The Messenger of Allah said t o her,

«ゅ∠レΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠イわ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠イわ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡» (Allah accept s our supplicat ion against t hem, but not t heirs against us.) Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said, "A Jew passed by Allah's Messenger , who was sit t ing wit h his Companions, he greet ed t hem and t hey greet ed him back. Allah's Messenger t hen said t o his Companions,

«∨∠メゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケ∇ギゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ » (Do you know what he j ust said) They said, ` He said: As-Salam, O Allah's Messenger.' The Prophet said,

«ユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ュゅ∠シ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇モよ∠ » (Rat her he said, Sam ` Alaykum.) meaning, ` may you disgrace your religion.' Allah's Messenger t hen said,

«ロヱぁキケ⊥ » (Bring him back,) and when he was brought back, t he Prophet asked him,

«∨∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀ュゅ∠シ :ろ ∠ ∇ヤホ⊥ ぺ∠» (Did you say: Sam ` Alaykum) He said, ` Yes.' The Prophet t hen said,

:やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボプ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ∠ ヤｚシ ∠ や∠クま͡» «マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (When t he people of t he Book greet you, say, ` Wa ` Alaykum.')'' meaning, ` and t he same on you t oo.' The basis for t he Hadit h of Anas is in t he Sahih and similar t o t his Hadit h of ` A'ishah is in t he Sahih. Allah said,

び⊥メヲ⊥ボル∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠レよ⊥ グあ ∠バΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and say wit hin t hemselves:"Why should Allah punish us not for what we say'') means, t he Jews say t hese words, changing t he meaning of t he Islamic greet ing, int o an abusive st at ement , and t hen say, ` Had he been a Prophet , Allah would have punished us for what we said. Allah knows what we conceal. Therefore, if Muhammad were a Prophet , Allah would have sent His punishment on us sooner, in t his life.' Allah t he Exalt ed replied,

び⊥ユレｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ぴ (Hell will be sufficient for t hem;) ell should be sufficient for t hem in t he Hereaft er,

び⊥ゲΒ͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヲヤ∠∇ダΑ∠ ぴ

(t hey will ent er t herein. And worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion!) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said t hat t he Jews used t o say, "Sam ` Alayka,'' t o Allah's Messenger . They would say t hen wit hin t hemselves, "Why does Allah not punish us for what we say'' This Ayah was lat er revealed,

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ͡ よ͡ マ ∠ Βあ エ ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ポ ∠ ∇ヲΒｚ ェ ∠ ポ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボル∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠レよ⊥ グあ ∠バΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ び⊥ゲΒ͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ル∇ヲ∠ヤ∇ダ∠Α ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ (And when t hey come t o you, t hey greet you wit h a greet ing wherewit h Allah greet s you not , and say wit hin t hemselves: "Why should Allah punish us not for what we say'' Hell will be sufficient for t hem; t hey will ent er t herein. And worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion!) It s chain of narrat ion is Hasan, but t hey (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) did not collect it .

Manners of the Najwa, (Secret Counsel) Allah t he Exalt ed t eaches His believing servant s t o avoid t he ways of t he disbelievers and hypocrit es,

ユ͡ ∇をΗ ͡ ゅ͡よ ∇や∇ヲイ ∠ ⇒∠レわ∠ ゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βィ ∠ ゅ∠レゎ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び͡メヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや る͡ Β∠ ダ ͡ ∇バョ∠ ヱ∠ ͡ラや∠ヱ∇ギバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ (O you who believe! When you hold secret counsel, do it not for sin and wrongdoing, and disobedience t o t he Messenger,) meaning, do not hold evil secret counsels like t he ignorant disbelieving People of t he Script ures and t heir allies among t he hypocrit es, who imit at e t heir ways,

ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン͡グャｚや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや∠ヱ ゲあ ら͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇や∇ヲ∠イ⇒∠レ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ (but do it for Al-Birr and Taqwa; and have Taqwa of Allah unt o Whom you shall be gat hered.) and He will t hen inform you of all your deeds and st at ement s; He has count ed and recorded t hem and will j ust ly hold you account able for t hem. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ゴ⊥ ∇エΒ∠ ャ͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ン∠ヲ∇イレｚ ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ケあ べ∠ツよ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ (An-Naj wa are only from t he Shayt an, in order t hat he may cause grief t o t he believers. But he cannot harm t hem in t he least , except as Allah permit s. And in Allah let t he believers put t heir t rust .) Allah st at es t hat secret t alks, where t he believers feel anxious, are

び∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ゴ⊥ ∇エΒ∠ ャ͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぴ (only from Shayt an, in order t hat he may cause grief t o t he believers.) meaning, t hat t hose who hold such counsels do so because of t he lures of t he devil,

び∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ゴ⊥ ∇エΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ (in order t hat he may cause grief t o t he believers.) The devil seeks t o bot her t he believers, even t hough his plot s will not harm t he believers, except if Allah wills it . Those who are t he subj ect of evil Naj wa, should seek refuge in Allah and put his t rust in Him, for none of it will harm t hem, Allah willing. The Sunnah also forbids t he Naj wa so t hat no Muslim is bot hered by it . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ら͡ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ラ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇をや ヴ∠ィゅ∠レわ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ る⇔ を∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ や∠クま͡» «ヮ⊥ルゴ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ (If you were t hree, t hen t wo of you should not hold a secret counsel in t he presence of t he t hird person, because t hat would cause him t o be worried.) This Hadit h is collect ed in t he Two Sahihs using a chain of narrat ion t hat cont ained Al-A` mash. ` Abdur-Razzaq narrat ed t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said t hat Allah's Messenger said,

ゅｚャま͡ ゑ ͡ ャ͡ゅｚんャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ラ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇をや ヴ∠ィゅ∠レわ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ る⇔ を∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ や∠クま͡» «ヮ⊥ルゴ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩͡ヮル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ (If you were t hree, t hen t wo of you should not hold a secret counsel in t he presence of t he t hird person, except wit h his permission, because t hat would cause him t o be worried.) Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h.

ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥エジ ｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ウ ͡ジ ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エジ ∠ ∇プゅ∠プ ザ ͡ ヤ͡⇒∠イヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ノ͡ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゴゼ ⊥ ルゅ∠プ ∇やヱ⊥ゴゼ ⊥ ルや ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ び ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ (11. O you who believe! When you are t old t o make room in t he assemblies, make room. Allah will give you room. And when you are t old t o rise up, t hen rise up. Allah will exalt in degress t hose of you who believe, and t hose who have been grant ed knowledge. And Allah is WellAcquaint ed wit h what you do.)

Manners for Assemblies Allah t eaches His servant s good manners and orders t hem t o be kind t o each ot her when t hey are sit t ing t oget her,

ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥エジ ｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び͡ザヤ͡⇒∠イヨ∠ ∇ャや (O you who believe! When you are t old t o make room in t he assemblies,)

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ウ ͡ジ ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エジ ∠ ∇プゅ∠プぴ (make room. Allah will give you room.) Indeed, t he reward or recompense depends on t he t ype of act ion. In a Hadit h, t he Prophet said,

«るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ⇔わ∇Βよ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヴ∠レよ∠ や⇔ギイ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ ぶ ͡ ン ͡ ヴ∠レよ∠ ∇リョ∠ » (Whoever builds a Masj id for Allah, Allah builds for him a house in Paradise.) In anot her Hadit h, t he Prophet said,

ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゲ∠ ジ ｚ Α∠ ゲ∃ ジ ͡ ∇バョ⊥ ヴヤ∠ハ ゲ∠ ジ ｚ Α∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ » ヶ͡プ ギ⊥ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ͡ ∇ヲハ ∠ ヶ͡プ ぶ ⊥ や∠ヱ ∩͡りゲ∠ カ ͡ ゅ∇ャや∠ヱ «ヮΒ͡カぺ∠ ラ ͡ ∇ヲハ ∠ (He who relieves a difficult y for a person living in st rait ened circumst ances, t hen Allah will relieve t he difficult ies of t his life and t he Hereaft er for him. Surely, Allah helps t he servant as long as t he servant helps his brot her.) There are many similar Hadit hs. This is why Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ウ ͡ジ ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エジ ∠ ∇プゅ∠プぴ (make room. Allah will give you room.) Qat adah said, "This Ayah was revealed about gat herings in places where Allah is being remembered. When someone would come t o j oin in assemblies wit h t he Messenger , t hey would hesit at e t o offer t hem space so t hat t hey would not loose t heir places. Allah t he Exalt ed commanded t hem t o spread out and make room for each ot her.'' Imam Ahmad and Imam Ash-Shafi` i recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩͡ヮΒ͡プ ザ ∠ ヤ͡∇イΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ヤ͡∇イョ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや ユ͡ ボ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャ» «やヲ⊥バシ ｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ やヲ⊥エジ ｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ (One of you should not remove someone from his place and sit in it , but inst ead, spread out and make room.) This Hadit h is recorded in t he Two Sahihs. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,

∩͡ヮΒ͡プ ザ ⊥ ヤ͡∇イΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ヤ͡∇イョ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや ユ͡ ボ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャ» «ユ⊥ムャ∠ ぶ ⊥ やウ ͡ジ ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ やヲ⊥エジ ∠ ∇プや リ ͡ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ (A man should not remove anot her man from his place and t hen sit in it . Rat her spread out and make room and Allah will make room for you.) Imam Ahmad also recorded t his Hadit h wit h t he wording:

リ ͡ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮジ ͡ ヤ͡∇イョ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ͡ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ヤ͡ャ モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ユ⊥ムャ∠ ぶ ⊥ やウ ͡ジ ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ やヲ⊥エジ ∠ ∇プや

(A man should not leave his place for anot her man, but rat her spread out and make room, and Allah will make room for you).'' It has been report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and ot hers said t hat :

∇やヲ⊥エジ ∠ ∇プゅ∠プ ͡ザ͡ヤ⇒∠イ∠ヨ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥エジ ｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ウ ͡ジ ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ (When you are t old t o make room in t he assemblies, make room. Allah will give you room.) means t o war assemblies, and t hat ,

び∇やヱ⊥ゴゼ ⊥ ルゅ∠プ ∇やヱ⊥ゴゼ ⊥ ルや モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when you are t old t o rise up, t hen rise up.) means, "Get up t o fight .'' Qat adah said

び∇やヱ⊥ゴゼ ⊥ ルゅ∠プ ∇やヱ⊥ゴゼ ⊥ ルや モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when you are t old t o rise up, t hen rise up.) means, "When you are called t o any t ype of good, t hen respond.''

The Virtues of Knowledge and People of Knowledge Allah's st at ement ,

ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ノ͡ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ぴ び∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ (Allah will exalt in degrees t hose of you who believe, and t hose who have been grant ed knowledge. And Allah is Well-Acquaint ed wit h what you do.) means, do not t hink t hat if one of you makes room for his brot her, or rises up when he is commanded t o do so, t hat t his will diminish his right or honor. Rat her, t his will increase his virt ue and st at us wit h Allah, and Allah t he Exalt ed will never make his good deed be lost . To t he cont rary, He will reward him for it in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Surely, he who humbles himself by and before t he command of his Lord, t hen Allah will elevat e his st at us and make him known by his good behavior. t he st at ement of Allah t he Exalt ed,

ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ノ͡ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ぴ び∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠

m(Allah will exalt in degree t hose of you who believe, and t hose who have been grant ed knowledge. And Allah is Well--Acquaint ed wit h what you do.) meaning, surely, Allah is Aware of t hose who deserve t his reward and t hose who are not wort hy of it . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu At -Tufayl ` Amir bin Wat hilah said t hat Nafi` bin ` Abdul--Harit h met ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab in t he area of ` Usfan. ` Umar appoint ed Abu At -Tufayl t o be t he governor of Makkah. ` Umar asked him, "Whom did you appoint as your deput y for t he valley people (t hat is, Makkah).'' ` Amir said, "I appoint ed Ibn Abza, one of our freed slaves, as my deput y.'' ` Umar said, "You made a freed slave t heir governor in your absence'' He said, "O Leader of t he fait hful! He has memorized Allah's Book and has knowledge of regulat ions of inherit ance, along wit h being a proficient j udge.'' ` Umar said, "Surely, your Prophet has said,

ヮ͡ よ͡ ノ⊥ ツ ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや や∠グヰ͡よ ノ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» «リΑ͡ゲカ ∠へ (Verily, Allah elevat es some people and degrades ot hers, on account of t his Book.)'' Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h.

∇やヲ⊥ョギあ ボ∠ プ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Βイ ∠ ⇒∠ル や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ゲ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇デぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ る⇔ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇イル∠ ∇ンギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ボヘ∠ ∇セ￢∠ ぺ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇クみ͡プ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ホギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇イル∠ ∇ンギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョギあ ボ∠ ゎ⊥ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホほ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎヱ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡ら∠カ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ (12. O you who believe! When you (want t o) consult t he Messenger in privat e, spend somet hing in charit y before your privat e consult at ion. That will be bet t er and purer for you. But if you find not (t he means for it ), t hen verily, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (13. Are you afraid of spending in charit y before your privat e consult at ion (wit h him) If t hen you do it not , and Allah has forgiven you, t hen perform Salah and give Zakah and obey Allah and His Messenger. And Allah is All-Aware of what you do.)

The Order to give Charity before One speaks to the Prophet in private Allah commanded His believing servant s, when any of t hem want ed t o speak wit h Allah's Messenger in secret , t o give away charit y beforehand so t hat his charit y cleanses and purifies him and makes him wort hy of having a privat e counsel wit h t he Prophet . This is why Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び⊥ゲヰ∠ ∇デぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That will be bet t er and purer for you.) t hen He said,

び∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (But if you find not .) meaning, if he is unable t o do so due t o povert y,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (t hen verily, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) He only commanded t hose who are financially able t o give t his t ype of charit y. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∃ろ⇒∠ホギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇イル∠ ∇ンギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョギあ ボ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ボヘ∠ ∇セ￢∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Are you afraid of spending in charit y before your privat e consult at ion) meaning, are you afraid t hat t he order t o give charit y before speaking privat ely t o t he Prophet remains in effect forever

り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホほ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎヱ∠ ∇やヲヤ⊥バ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇クみ͡プ∠ ぴ ∀ゲΒ͡ら∠カ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱ び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ (If t hen you do it not , and Allah has forgiven you, t hen perform Salah and give Zakah and obey Allah and His Messenger. And Allah is All-Aware of what you do.) Therefore, Allah abrogat ed t he obligat ion of giving t his charit y. It was said t hat none has implement ed t his command before except it s abrogat ion, ` Ali bin Abi Talib. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas:

び⇔るホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇イル∠ ∇ンギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョギあ ボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (spend somet hing in charit y before your privat e consult at ion.) "The Muslims kept asking Allah's Messenger quest ions unt il it became difficult on him. Allah want ed t o light en t he burden from His Prophet , upon him be peace. So when He said t his, many Muslims were afraid t o pay t his charit y and st opped asking. Aft erwards, Allah sent down t his Ayah,

∇クみ͡プ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ホギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇イル∠ ∇ンギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョギあ ボ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ボヘ∠ ∇セ￢∠ ぺ∠ぴ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホほ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ び∠りヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱ (Are you afraid of spending in charit y before your privat e consult at ion If t hen you do it not , and Allah has forgiven you, t hen perform Salah and give Zakah) Thus Allah made t hings easy and lenient for t hem.'' ` Ikrimah and Al-Hasan Al-Basri comment ed on Allah's st at ement :

び⇔るホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇イル∠ ∇ンギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョギあ ボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (spend somet hing in charit y before your privat e consult at ion.) "This was abrogat ed by t he next Ayah:

び∃ろ⇒∠ホギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇イル∠ ∇ンギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョギあ ∠ボゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ボヘ∠ ∇セ￢∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Are you afraid of spending in charit y before your privat e consult at ion...).'' Sa` id bin Abi ` Arubah report ed from Qat adah and Muqat il bin Hayyan, "People kept quest ioning Allah's Messenger unt il t hey made t hings difficult for him. Allah provided a way t o st op t heir behavior by t his Ayah. One of t hem would need t o speak t o Allah's Prophet about a real mat t er, but could not do so unt il he gave in charit y. This became hard on people and Allah sent down relief from t his requirement aft erwards,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (But if you find not , t hen verily, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful).'' Ma` mar report ed from Qat adah t hat t he Ayah,

∇ユミ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇イル∠ ∇ンギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョギあ ボ∠ プ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Βイ ∠ ⇒∠ル や∠クま͡ぴ び⇔るホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ (When you (want t o) consult t he Messenger in privat e, spend somet hing in charit y before your privat e consult at ion.) was abrogat ed aft er being in effect for only one hour of a day. ` AbdurRazzaq recorded t hat Muj ahid said t hat ` Ali said, "No one except me implement ed t his Ayah, unt il it was abrogat ed,'' and he was report ed t o have said t hat it remained in effect for merely an hour.

ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ∠ ツ ͡ ビ ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ ユ⊥ワ ゅｚョ ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ べ∠シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ や⇔ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α リ∠ハ ∇やヱぁギダ ∠ プ∠ る⇔ レｚ ィ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヱ∇グ∠ガゎｚ や - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ ∠ レ͡ ∇ピゎ⊥ リｚャ - ∀リΒ͡ヰョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ん⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΒ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ク∠ ヲ∠ ∇エわ∠ ∇シや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ゆ ⊥ ∇ゴェ ͡ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇ミク͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ジル∠ほプ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ ∇ゴェ ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや (14. Have you not seen t hose who t ake as friends a people upon whom is t he wrat h of Allah They are neit her of you nor of t hem, and t hey swear t o a lie while t hey know.) (15. Allah has prepared for t hem a severe t orment . Evil indeed is t hat which t hey used t o do.) (16. They have made t heir oat hs a screen. Thus t hey hinder (ot hers) from t he pat h of Allah, so t hey shall have a humiliat ing t orment .) (17. Their children and t heir wealt h will avail t hem not hing against Allah. They will be t he dwellers of t he Fire t o dwell t herein forever.) (18. On t he Day when Allah will resurrect t hem all t oget her; t hen t hey will swear t o Him as t hey swear t o you. And t hey t hink t hat t hey have somet hing. Verily, t hey are liars!) (19. The Shayt an has overpowered t hem. So he has made t hem forget t he remembrance of Allah. They are t he part y of Shayt an. Verily, it is t he part y of Shayt an t hat will be t he losers!).

Chastising the Hypocrites Allah chast ises t he hypocrit es for secret ly aiding and support ing t he disbelievers even t hough, in realit y, t hey were neit her wit h t he disbelievers nor wit h t he Muslims. Allah t he Exalt ed said in anot her Ayah,

ヴ∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∠リΒ͡よ∠グ∇よ∠グョぁ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ((They are) swaying bet ween t his and t hat , belonging neit her t o t hese nor t o t hose; and he whom Allah sends ast ray, you will not find for him a way.)(4:143) Allah said here,

びユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ょ ∠ ツ ͡ ビ ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Have you not seen t hose who t ake as friends a people upon whom is t he wrat h of Allah) referring t o t he Jews wit h whom t he hypocrit es were allies in secret . Allah said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ ユ⊥ワ ゅｚョぴ (They are neit her of you nor of t hem,) meaning, t hat t hese hypocrit es are neit her wit h t he believers, nor wit h t heir allies t he Jews,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey swear t o a lie while t hey know.) meaning, t he hypocrit es lie when t hey vow, knowing t hat t hey are lying, which is called t he vow of Al-Ghamus. We seek refuge wit h Allah from t heir ways. When t he hypocrit es met t he believers t hey said t hat t hey believed and when t hey went t o t he Messenger, t hey swore t o him by Allah t hat t hey were believers. They knew t hat t hey were lying in t heir vow, and t hey knew t hat t hey did not declare t heir t rue creed. This is why Allah wit nessed here t hat t hey lie in t heir vows and know t hat t hey are lying, even t hough t heir st at ement (about t he Prophet being Allah's Prophet ) is t rue in essence. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ べ∠シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ や⇔ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ (Allah has prepared for t hem a severe t orment . Evil indeed is t hat which t hey used t o do.) meaning, Allah has prepared a painful t orment for t he hypocrit es on account of t heir evil deeds, t heir aid and support of t he disbelievers and t heir deceit and bet rayal of t he believers. The st at ement of Allah t he Exalt ed,

び͡ヮヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヱぁギダ ∠ プ∠ る⇔ レｚ ィ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヱ∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ やぴ (They have made t heir oat hs a screen. Thus t hey hinder (ot hers) from t he pat h of Allah,) meaning, t he hypocrit es pret ended t o be believers and concealed disbelief under t he shield of t heir false oat hs. Many were unaware of t heir t rue st ance and were t hus deceived by t heir oat hs. Because of t his, some people were hindered from t he Pat h of Allah

び∀リΒ͡ヰョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (so t hey shall have a humiliat ing t orment .) meaning, as recompense for belit t ling t he significance of swearing by t he Might y Name of Allah, while lying and concealing bet rayal. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ ∠ レ͡ ∇ピゎ⊥ リ∠ャぴ びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ (Their children and t heir wealt h will avail t hem not hing against Allah.) meaning, none of t heir possessions can avert t he afflict ion when it is sent t heir way,

び∠ラヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺぴ (They will be t he dwellers of t he Fire t o dwell t herein forever.) Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び⇔ゅバΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ん⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day when Allah will resurrect t hem all t oget her;) referring t o t he Day of Resurrect ion when He will gat her t hem all t oget her and leave none of t hem out ,

∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΒ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (t hen t hey will swear t o Him as t hey swear t o you. And t hey t hink t hat t hey have somet hing.) meaning, t hey will swear t o Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored t hat t hey were following t he guidance and t he correct pat h, j ust as t hey used t o swear t o t he believers in t his worldly life. Verily, t hose who live following on a cert ain pat h will most likely die while on it . Thus, t hey will be resurrect ed upon t heir pat h. The hypocrit es will t hink t hat t heir vows will help t hem wit h Allah, j ust as t hey helped wit h t he people, who were obliged t o t reat t hem as t hey pret ended t o be, Muslim. This is why Allah said,

び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey t hink t hat t hey have somet hing) meaning, on account of swearing t o t heir Lord (t hat t hey used t o be believers). Allah rebukes t his idea of t heirs;

び∠ラヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ

(Verily, t hey are liars!) st ressing t hat t hey are lying, Allah t hen said;

び͡ヮヤｚャや ゲ∠ ∇ミク͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ジル∠ほプ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ク∠ ヲ∠ ∇エわ∠ ∇シやぴ (The Shayt an has overpowered t hem. So he has made t hem forget t he remembrance of Allah.) meaning, Shayt an has t aken over t heir heart s t o t he point t hat he made t hem forget Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored. This is what t he devil does t o t hose whom he cont rols. Abu Dawud recorded t hat Abu Ad-Darda' said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

ユ⊥ ヰ͡ Β͡プ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ボゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∩∃ヱ∇ギよ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ヶ͡プ る∃ を∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ラゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ク∠ ヲ∠ ∇エわ∠ ∇シや ギ͡ ホ∠ ゅｚャま͡ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや «る∠Βタ ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ∇もあグャや モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩͡るハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨイ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (Any t hree in a village or desert among whom t he Salah is not called for, will have t he Shayt an cont rol t hem. Therefore, adhere t o t he Jama` ah, for t he wolf eat s from t he st rayed sheep.) Za'idah added t hat As-Sa'ib said t hat Jama` ah, refers t o, "Praying in congregat ion.'' Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び͡リ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ゆ ⊥ ∇ゴェ ͡ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (They are t he part y of Shayt an.) referring t o t hose who are cont rolled by t he devil and, as a result , forgot t he remembrance of Allah,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ ∇ゴェ ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Verily, it is t he part y of Shayt an t hat will be t he losers!)

ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヱぁキべ∠エΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ͡ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ リ ｚ ら∠ ヤ͡∇ビΙ ∂ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ - リ ∠ Βあャク∠ Ι ｘや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ギ⊥ イ ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ｚ - ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ン ｘ ヲ͡ ホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや キｚ べ∠ェ ∇リョ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁキへ∠ヲΑ⊥ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘや ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ゲ∠ Β͡ゼハ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ ゥ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲよ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ Αｚぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥

ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ッ ͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ∠ ∇ゴェ ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ⊥ ∇ゴェ ͡ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ び (20. Those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, t hey will be among t hose most humiliat ed.) (21. Allah has decreed: "Verily, I and My Messengers shall be t he vict orious.'' Verily, Allah is AllPowerful, Almight y.) (22. You will not find any people who believe in Allah and t he Last Day, making friendship wit h t hose who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even t hough t hey were t heir fat hers or t heir sons or t heir brot hers or t heir kindred. For such He has writ t en fait h in t heir heart s, and st rengt hened t hem wit h Ruh from Himself. And He will admit t hem t o Gardens under which rivers flow, t o dwell t herein (forever). Allah is well pleased wit h t hem, and t hey are well pleased wit h Him. They are t he part y of Allah. Verily, t he part y of Allah will be t he successful.)

The Opponents of Allah and His Messenger are the Losers; Allah and His Messenger shall prevail Allah t he Exalt ed assert s t hat t he rebellious and st ubborn disbelievers who defy Him and His Messenger , t hose who do not embrace t he religion and st ay away from Trut h, are in one area, while t he guidance is in anot her area,

び∠リΒあャク∠ ｘΙや ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (They will be among t hose most humiliat ed.) t hey are among t he miserable, t he cast out , banished from goodness; t hey are t he humiliat ed ones in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Allah said,

びヴ͡ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ リ ｚ ら∠ ヤ͡∇ビΙ ∂ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Allah has decreed: "Verily, I and My Messengers shall be t he vict orious.'') meaning, He has decreed, writ t en in t he First Book, and decided in t he decree t hat He has willed -- which can never be resist ed, changed or prevent ed -- t hat final vict ory is for Him, His Book, His Messengers and t he fait hful believers, in t his life and t he Hereaft er:

び∠リΒ͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ る∠ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, t he (good) end is for t hose who have Taqwa.)(11:49),

り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠レャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ ∠リΒ͡ヨ͡ヤ⇒ｚヌャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ギ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇セΙ ｘ や ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや び ケ͡ やｚギャや ￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ∇バヤｚ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇バョ∠ (Verily, We will indeed make vict orious Our Messengers and t hose who believe in t he life of t his world and on t he Day when t he wit nesses will st and fort h, t he Day when t heir excuses will be of no profit t o t he wrongdoers. Theirs will be t he curse, and t heirs will be t he evil abode.)(40:51-52) Allah said here,

ン ｘ ヲ͡ ホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ͡ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ リ ｚ ら∠ ヤ͡∇ビΙ ∂ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ぴ び ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ (Allah has decreed: "Verily, I and My Messengers shall be t he vict orious.'' Verily, Allah is AllPowerful, Almight y.) meaning, t he Almight y, All-Powerful has decreed t hat He shall prevail over His enemies. Indeed, t his is t he final j udgement and a mat t er ordained; t he final t riumph and vict ory are for t he believers in t his life and t he Hereaft er.

The Believers do not befriend the Disbelievers Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ラ ∠ ヱぁキへ∠ヲΑ⊥ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ギ⊥ イ ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ｚぴ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや キｚ べ∠ェ ∇リョ∠ び∇ユヰ⊥ ∠ゎ∠ゲΒ͡ゼ∠ハ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ (You will not find any people who believe in Allah and t he Last Day, making friendship wit h t hose who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even t hough t hey were t heir fat hers or t heir sons or t heir brot hers or t heir kindred.) Meaning, do not befriend t he deniers, even if t hey are among t he closest relat ives. Allah said,

ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや グ͡ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ Ι ｚぴ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや び⊥ヮ∠ジ∇ヘ∠ル ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ケあグエ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ま͡

(Let not t he believers t ake t he disbelievers as friends inst ead of t he believers, and whoever does t hat will never be helped by Allah in any way, except if you indeed fear a danger from t hem. And Allah warns you against Himself.) (3:28), and,

∇ユム⊥ ル⊥ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや∠￢ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇プゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ホや メ ∀ ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ゲ∠ Β͡ゼハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ べ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヲッ ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ リ ⊥ ム͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワキ∠ ゅ∠ジミ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ∀り∠ゲ⇒∠イ͡ゎ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ∃キゅ∠ヰ͡ィ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ダよｚ ゲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや (Say: If your fat hers, your sons, your brot hers, your wives, your kindred, t he wealt h t hat you have gained, t he commerce in which you fear a decline, and t he dwellings in which you delight are dearer t o you t han Allah and His Messenger, and st riving hard and fight ing in His cause, t hen wait unt il Allah brings about His decision (t orment ). And Allah guides not t he people who are t he rebellious.)(9:24) Sa` id bin ` Abdul-` Aziz and ot hers said t hat t his Ayah,

び͡ゲ͡カｘΙや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ギ⊥ イ ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ｚぴ (You will not find any people who believe in Allah and t he Last Day...) was revealed in t he case of Abu ` Ubaydah ` Amir bin ` Abdullah bin Al-Jarrah when he killed his disbelieving fat her, during t he bat t le of Badr. This is why when ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab placed t he mat t er of Khilafah in t he consult at ion of six men aft er him, he said; "If Abu ` Ubaydah were alive, I would have appoint ed him t he Khalifah.'' It was also said t hat t he Ayah,

び∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (even t hough t hey were t heir fat hers), was revealed in t he case of Abu ` Ubaydah, when he killed his fat her during t he bat t le of Badr, while t he Ayah,

び∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or t heir sons) was revealed in t he case of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq when he int ended t o kill his (disbelieving) son, ` Abdur-Rahman, (during Badr), while t he Ayah,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ

(or t heir brot hers) was revealed about t he case of Mus` ab bin ` Umayr, who killed his brot her, ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr, during Badr, and t hat t he Ayah,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∠ゎ∠ゲΒ͡ゼ∠ハ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (or t heir kindred) was revealed about t he case of ` Umar, who killed one of his relat ives during Badr, and also t hat t his Ayah was revealed in t he case of Hamzah, ` Ali and Ubaydah bin AlHarit h. They killed t heir close relat ives ` Ut bah, Shaybah and Al-Walid bin ` Ut bah t hat day. Allah knows best . A similar mat t er is when Allah's Messenger consult ed wit h his Companions about what should be done wit h t he capt ives of Badr. Abu Bakr As-Siddiq t hought t hat t hey should accept ransom for t hem so t he Muslims could use t he money t o st rengt hen t hemselves. He ment ioned t he fact t hat t he capt ured were t he cousins and t he kindred, and t hat t hey might embrace Islam lat er on, by Allah's help. ` Umar said, "But I have a different opinion, O Allah's Messenger! Let me kill so-and-so, my relat ive, and let ` Ali kill ` Aqil (` Ali's brot her), and so-and-so kill so-and-so. Let us make it known t o Allah t hat we have no mercy in our heart s for t he idolat ors.'' Allah said,

ゥ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲよ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ Αｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒ャ∠∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ び⊥ヮ∇レョあ (For such He has writ t en fait h in t heir heart s, and st rengt hened t hem wit h Ruh from Himself.) means, t hose who have t he qualit y of not befriending t hose who oppose Allah and His Messenger , even if t hey are t heir fat hers or brot hers, are t hose whom Allah has decreed fait h, meaning, happiness, in t heir heart s and made fait h dear t o t heir heart s and happiness reside t herein. As-Suddi said t hat t he Ayah,

びリ ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (He has writ t en fait h in t heir heart s,) means, "He has placed fait h in t heir heart s.'' Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,

び⊥ヮ∇レョあ ゥ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲよ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ Αｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and st rengt hened t hem wit h Ruh from Himself .) means, "He gave t hem st rengt hs.'' Allah's st at ement ,

ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ヮ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ッ ͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ (And He will admit t hem t o Gardens under which rivers flow, t o dwell t herein. Allah is well pleased wit h t hem, and t hey are well pleased wit h Him.) was explained several t imes before. Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ヮ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ッ ͡ ケあ ぴ (Allah is well pleased wit h t hem, and t hey are well pleased wit h Him.) cont ains a beaut iful secret . When t he believers became enraged against t heir relat ives and kindred in Allah's cause, He compensat ed t hem by being pleased wit h t hem and making t hem pleased wit h Him from what He has grant ed t hem of et ernal delight , ult imat e vict ory and encompassing favor. Allah's st at ement ,

ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ∠ ∇ゴェ ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ⊥ ∇ゴェ ͡ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや (They are t he part y of Allah. Verily, t he part y of Allah will be t he successful.) indicat es t hat t hey are t he part y of Allah, meaning, His servant s who are wort hy of earning His honor. Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ラヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゆ ∠ ∇ゴェ ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Verily, t he part y of Allah will be t he successf ul.) assert s t heir success, happiness and t riumph in t his life and t he Hereaft er, in cont rast t o t hose, who are t he part y of t he devil,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ ∇ゴェ ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Verily, t he part y of Shayt an will be t he losers!) This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat AlMuj adilah. All praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Hashr (Chapter - 59) Which was revealed in Al-Madinah Ibn ` Abbas used t o call t his chapt er, ` Surah Bani An-Nadir.' Sa` id bin Mansur recorded t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "I asked Ibn ` Abbas about Surat Al-Hashr and he said, ` It was revealed about Bani An-Nadir.''' Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded it using anot her chain of narrat ion from Ibn ` Abbas. Al-Bukhari also recorded it from Abu ` Awanah, from Abu Bishr from Sa` id bin Jubayr, who said, "I asked Ibn ` Abbas, ` Surat Al-Hashr' He said, ` Surah Bani An-Nadir.'''

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ウ ∠ らｚ シ ∠ぴ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ - ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ ゲ͡ ∇ゼエ ∠ ∇ャや メ ͡ ヱｚ Ι ６ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リ͡ョ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ バ∠ ル͡ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲぁレニ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠レニ ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎほ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ヰル⊥ ヲ⊥ダェ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ょ ∠ ∇ハゲぁ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ フ ∠ グ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ͡ わ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ヴ͡ャ∇ヱほ⊥Α ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ わ∠ ∇ハゅ∠プ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユ͡ヰΑ͡ギ∇Α∠ほ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ￢∠ Κ ∠イ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - ゲ͡ ⇒ダ ∠ ∇よΙ ｘや - ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グｚ バ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ベ あ べ∠ゼΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲぁホべ∠セ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ レ∠ Βあャ リョあ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ - ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡ら͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ͡ヲ⊥タぺ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ も͡ べ∠ホ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ン ∠ ゴ͡ ∇ガΒ⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ (1. What soever is in t he heavens and what soever is on t he eart h glorifies Allah. And He is t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.) (2. He it is Who drove out t he disbelievers among t he People of t he Script ure from t heir homes at t he first gat hering. You did not t hink t hat t hey would get out . And t hey t hought t hat t heir fort resses would defend t hem from Allah! But Allah reached t hem from a place whereof t hey expect ed it not , and He cast t error int o t heir heart s so t hat t hey demolished t heir own dwellings wit h t heir own hands and t he hands of t he believers. Then t ake admonit ion, O you wit h eyes.) (3. And had it not been t hat Allah had decreed exile for t hem, He would cert ainly have punished t hem in t his world; and in t he Hereaft er t heirs shall be t he t orment of t he Fire.) (4. That is because t hey opposed Allah and His Messenger. And whosoever opposes Allah, t hen verily, Allah is Severe in punishment .) (5. What you cut down of t he Linah, or you left t hem st anding on t heir st ems, it was by leave of Allah, and in order t hat He might disgrace t he rebellious.)

Everything glorifies Allah in its own Way

Allah st at es t hat everyt hing t hat exist s in t he heavens and on t he eart h praises, glorifies, reveres and prays t o Him and affirms His Oneness. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ノ⊥ ∇らｚジャや れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ ゎ⊥ ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ Ι ｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ∠ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ラ͡まヱ∠ び∇ユヰ⊥ エ ∠ Β͡ら∇ジゎ∠ (The seven heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is t herein, glorify Him and t here is not a t hing but glorifies His praise. But you underst and not t heir glorificat ion.)(17:44) Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ゴΑ͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He is t he Almight y) meaning of invincible maj est y,

び⊥ユΒ͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (t he All-Wise.) in what He decrees and legislat es.

The End that Bani An-Nadir suffered Allah said,

び͡ょ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He it is Who drove out t he disbelievers among t he People of t he Script ure) referring t o t he Jewish t ribe of Bani An-Nadir, according t o Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Az-Zuhri and several ot hers. When t he Messenger of Allah migrat ed t o Al-Madinah, he made a peace t reat y wit h t he Jews st ipulat ing t hat he would not fight t hem and t hey would not fight him. They soon bet rayed t he t reat y t hat t hey made wit h Allah's Messenger . Therefore, Allah sent His t orment down on t hem; it can never be avert ed, and His appoint ed dest iny t ouched t hem; it can never be resist ed. The Prophet forced t hem t o evacuat e and abandon t heir fort ified fort s t hat Muslims did not t hink t hey would ever cont rol. The Jews t hought t hat t heir fort ificat ions will save t hem from Allah's t orment , but t hey did not help t hem against Allah in t he least . Then, t hat which t hey did not expect came t o t hem from Allah, and Allah's Messenger forced t hem t o leave AlMadinah. Some of t hem went t o Adhri` at in t he area of Ash-Sham, which is t he area of t he grand Gat hering and Resurrect ion, while ot hers went t o Khaybar. The Prophet allowed t hem t o evacuat e t heir fort s and t ake what ever t heir camels could carry. They dest royed t he propert y t hat t hey could not carry. This is why Allah t he Exalt ed said,

リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αほ∠よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∠ラヲ⊥よ͡ゲ∇ガΑ⊥ ぴ び͡ゲ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱほ⊥Α ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ わ∠ ∇ハゅ∠プ (t hey demolished t heir own dwellings wit h t heir own hands and t he hands of t he believers Then t ake admonit ion, O you wit h eyes.) meaning, "Cont emplat e t he end of t hose who defied Allah's command, cont radict ed His Messenger and denied His Book. See how Allah's humiliat ing t orment st ruck t hem in t his life, as well as, t he painful t orment t hat Allah has reserved for t hem in t he Hereaft er.'' Abu Dawud recorded t hat ` Abdur-Rahman bin Ka` b bin Malik said t hat one of t he Prophet 's Companions said, "The Quraysh idolat ors wrot e t o ` Abdullah bin Ubayy and t hose who were st ill worshipping idols among t he t ribes of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj . The Messenger of Allah was in Al-Madinah at t he t ime, before t he bat t le of Badr occurred. They wrot e: ` You have given refuge t o our cit izen. We swear by Allah, you should fight him, or we will expel you or gat her all our forces, unt il we kill your soldiers and t ake your women capt ive.' When t he news of t his t hreat reached ` Abdullah bin Ubayy and t he idolat ors of Al-Aws and AlKhazraj , t hey prepared t o fight t he Prophet . The news of t his reached t he Prophet and he went t o t hem saying,

∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ∩∠ヒャ͡ゅ∠らヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ズ ∃ ∇Αゲ∠ ホ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡ハヱ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠» ∩∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ やヱ⊥ギΒ͡ムゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲゎ⊥ ゅｚヨョ͡ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミほ∠よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡ムゎ∠ «ユ⊥ムル∠ や∠ヲ∇カま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠レ∇よぺ∠ やヲ⊥ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ボゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ (The t hreat of t he Quraysh has caused you ext reme anxiet y! The Quraysh cannot cause you more harm t han what you will cause yourselves by your act ions. Do you want t o fight your children and bret hren) When t hey heard t hese words from t he Prophet , t hey dis- persed and t he news of what happened reached t he Quraysh idolat ors. Aft er t he bat t le of Badr, t he Quraysh idolat ors wrot e t o t he Jews of Al-Madinah, ` You have armor and fort s! You should fight our cit izen or we will do such and such t o you, and not hing will prevent us from acquiring your women.'The news of t his let t er also reached t he Prophet and Bani An-Nadir int ended t o bet ray t heir t reat y. Bani An-Nadir sent a message t o t he Prophet asking him t o come wit h t hirt y of his Companions t o meet t hirt y of t heir rabbis half way, from eit her side. They said t hat t he rabbis would list en t o t he Prophet and if t hey believe in him, t he rest of Bani An-Nadir would believe. They int ended t o kill t he Messenger , and Allah informed His Messenger of t his plot before t hey could harm him. The next day, t he Prophet gat hered his forces and laid siege t o t heir area, saying t o t hem,

ヶ͡レル∠ ヱ⊥ギワ͡ ゅ∠バゎ⊥ ギ∃ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ヵ͡ギ∇レハ ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ∠ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡» «ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (By Allah ! You will not be safe unt il and unless you renew your peace t reat y wit h me.) They refused t o do so, and t he Prophet fought t hem t he rest of t hat day. The next morning, t he Prophet laid siege t o t he t ribe of Bani Qurayzah and left Bani An-Nadir alone t hat day. The Prophet ordered Bani Qurayzah t o sign a new t reat y of peace, and t hey accept ed. The Prophet

left Bani Qurayzah and went back t o Bani An-Nadir wit h his forces and fought t hem unt il t hey agreed t o surrender in ret urn for safe passage out of Al-Madinah. Bani An-Nadir evacuat ed AlMadinah and t ook wit h t hem all what ever t heir camels could carry from t heir furnit ure, including even t he wood and t he doors t o t heir houses. The dat e t rees of Bani An-Nadir were grant ed t o t he Messenger by Allah when He said,

∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘィ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠プぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∃ゆゅ∠ミケ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (And what Allah gave as boot y t o His Messenger from t hem -- for t his you made no expedit ion wit h eit her cavalry or camelry) t hat is, what you earned wit hout a fight . The Prophet divided most of t heir t rees bet ween t he emigrant s and gave t o only t wo men who were poor from AlAnsar. He did not give t he Ansar any of it , except for t hese t wo men. The Prophet kept a part of t he war boot y for himself and t hat part of charit y of t he Prophet was t ransferred t o t he administ rat ion of his daught er's children, i.e., children of Fat imah.'' However, let us summarize t he bat t le of Bani An-Nadir here. From Allah alone we seek help.

The Reason behind the Battle of Bani An-Nadir Aft er t he sevent y Companions whom t he Prophet sent t o t each t he Qur'an were killed at t he area of Bi'r Ma` unah, excluding ` Amr bin Umayyah Ad-Damri, who killed t wo men from t he t ribe of Bani ` Amir on his way back t o Al-Madinah. He did not know t hat t hese t wo men had a promise of safe passage from Allah's Messenger . When he went back t o Al-Madinah, he t old t he Prophet what happened and t he Prophet said,

«ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レｚ ∠Α͡キ∠ほ∠ャ リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠» (You have killed t wo men, I shall pay t he blood money for t hem.) Bani An-Nadir and Bani ` Amir were allies and had t reat ies. The Prophet asked Bani An-Nadir t o help pay t he blood money for t he t wo dead men. The area of Bani An-Nadir was in a suburb of Al-Madinah, a few miles t o t he east . In his book of Sirah, Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar said; "Then t he Messenger of Allah went t o Bani An-Nadir t o ask t hem for financial help t o pay t he blood money of t he t wo men from Bani ` Amir, who were killed by ` Amr bin Umayyah Ad-Damri. They had a promise of safe passage from t he Prophet according t o t he (subnarrat or) Yazid bin Ruman. Bani An-Nadir and Bani ` Amir had a t reat y and were allies. When Allah's Messenger went t o Bani An-Nadir asking t hem for help t o pay t he blood money for t he t wo men, t hey said, ` Yes, O Abu Al-Qasim! We will help you, since you asked us for help.' Yet , when t hey met each ot her in secret , t hey said, ` You will not find a bet t er chance wit h t his man t han t his,' while t he Messenger of Allah was sit t ing next t o a wall of one of t heir houses. They said, ` Who will ascend t his wall and drop a st one on t his man and rid us of his t rouble' ` Amr bin Jihash bin Ka` b volunt eered and ascended t he wall of t he house t o drop a st one on t he Messenger . The Messenger of Allah was sit t ing wit h several of his Companions, such as Abu Bakr, ` Umar and ` Ali. The news of t his plot was conveyed t o t he Prophet from heaven, and he st ood up and went back t o Al-Madinah. When t he Companions t hought t hat t he Messenger was absent for a long t ime, t hey went t o see where he was and saw a man coming from Al-Madinah. They asked him, and he said t hat he saw t he Prophet ent er Al-Madinah. The Messenger's Companions went t o him, and he t old t hem t he news of t he bet raying plot t hat t he Jews planned against him. He ordered t hem t o prepare for war and t o march fort h t o Bani An-Nadir. The Prophet gat hered his forces and marched t o t he

area of Bani An-Nadir, who had t aken refuge in t heir fort ified fort s. The Messenger ordered t heir dat e t rees be cut down and burned. The Jews heralded at t he Prophet , ` O Muhammad! You used t o forbid mischief in t he eart h and blame t hose who did it . Why is it t hat you had t he dat e t rees cut down and burned' Meanwhile, ` Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul, Wadi` ah, Malik bin Abi Qawqal, Suwayd, Da` is and several ot her men who all belonged t o t he t ribe of Al-Khazraj bin Bani ` Awf, sent a message t o Bani An-Nadir saying, ` Be firm and st rong. We will never abandon you. If you are fought against , we will fight along wit h you and if you are forced t o leave Al-Madinah, we will accompany you.' The Jews wait ed for t his claim of support , but t he hypocrit es did not deliver. Allah cast t error in t he heart s of t he Jews. They asked t he Messenger t o allow t hem safe passage out of Al-Madinah and t o spare t heir lives. In ret urn, t hey would only t ake what t heir camels could carry, except for weapons. The Prophet agreed. The Jews collect ed all t he wealt h t heir camels could t ransport . One of t he Jews would demolish his own house around it s door, so t hat he could carry t he door on t he back of his camel. Bani An-Nadir moved t o Khaybar, and some of t hem went t o Ash-Sham. They left all t hat remained behind for t he Messenger of Allah , who had cont rol over how it was t o be divided. The Prophet divided it bet ween t he emigrant s and none of Al-Ansar got a share, except for Sahl bin Hunayf and Abu Duj anah Simak bin Kharashah. They said t hat t hey were poor and t he Messenger of Allah gave t hem t heir share. Only t wo men from Bani An-Nadir embraced Islam, Yamin bin Umayr bin Ka` b bin ` Amr bin Jihash and Abu Sa` d bin Wahb and t hey saved t heir wealt h due t o t heir accept ance of Islam.'' Ibn Ishaq cont inued, "Some of t he offspring of Yamin narrat ed t o me t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t o Yamin,

∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユｚ ワ∠ ゅョ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ヨあ ハ ∠ リ ͡ ∇よや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠» «∨ヶ͡ル∇ほセ ∠ (Have you not heard what your cousin plot t ed t o do against me) Yamin bin ` Umayr promised someone a reward if he killed his cousin ` Amr bin Jihash, and someone killed him, according t o t heir claim'' Ibn Ishaq t hen said, "All of Surat Al-Hashr was revealed about Bani An-Nadir. '' A similar st ory was recorded by Yunus bin Bukayr from Ibn Ishaq. Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ょ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He it is Who drove out t he disbelievers among t he People of t he Script ure) refers t o Bani AnNadir,

び͡ゲ∇ゼエ ∠ ∇ャや メ ͡ ヱｚ Ι ６ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リ͡ョぴ (from t heir homes at t he first gat hering.) Allah said,

び∇やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠レニ ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (You did not t hink t hat t hey would get out .) i.e., wit hin t he few days you laid siege against t hem. The Companions had surrounded t heir fort s for only six days, and t heir fort s were fort ified and formidable. This is why Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎほ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ヰル⊥ ヲ⊥ダェ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ バ∠ ル͡ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲぁレニ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∇やヲ⊥らジ ͡ わ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (And t hey t hought t hat t heir fort resses would defend t hem from Allah! But Allah reached t hem from a place where t hey expect ed it not .) meaning, t here came t o t hem from Allah what t hey did not expect or ant icipat e. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠Β∇レよ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ゎほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ∠ ム∠ ョ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョ ブ ⊥ ∇ボｚジャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゲｚ ガ ∠ プ∠ ギ͡ ハ ͡ や∠ヲボ∠ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや (Those before t hem indeed plot t ed, but Allah st ruck at t he foundat ion of t heir building, and t hen t he roof fell down upon t hem, from above t hem, and t he t orment overt ook t hem from direct ions t hey did not perceive.)(16:26) Allah said,

び∠ょ∇ハゲぁ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ フ ∠ グ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He cast t error int o t heir heart s) means, Allah cast fear, t error and fright in t heir heart s, and why would t hat not happen t o t hem He who was given vict ory, by Allah fright ening his enemies t he dist ance of a mont h, laid siege t o t hem. May Allah's peace and blessings be on t he Prophet . As in Ibn Ishaq's explanat ion -- which preceded;

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユ͡ヰΑ͡ギ∇Α∠ほ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∠ラヲ⊥よ͡ゲ∇ガΑ⊥ ぴ (t hat t hey demolished t heir own dwellings wit h t heir own hands and t he hands of t he believers.) t he Jews brought down what t hey want ed t o t ransport from t heir roofs and doors, so t hat t hey could carry t hem on camels. Similar was said by ` Urwah bin Az-Zubayr, ` AbdurRahman bin Zayd bin Aslam and several ot hers. Allah's st at ement ,

ヴプ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グｚ バ∠ ャ∠ ￢∠ Κ ∠イ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや (And had it not been t hat Allah had decreed exile for t hem, He would cert ainly have punished t hem in t his world;) meaning, if it was not for t he fact t hat Allah had already decreed t hat t hey would evacuat e Al-Madinah, leaving behind t heir homes and wealt h, He would have sent anot her t ype of punishment upon t hem, such as being killed and capt ured. This was said by AzZuhri. ` Urwah, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd said t hat Allah decreed t hat t he Jews would be punished in t he life of t his world and face t he t orment of t he fire of Hell He prepared for t hem in t he Hereaft er. Allah said,

び͡ケゅｚレャや ゆ ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and in t he Hereaft er t heirs shall be t he t orment of t he Fire.) meaning, it is a mat t er ordained t hat t hey will surely face,

び⊥ヮ∠ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲぁホべ∠セ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That is because t hey opposed Allah and His Messenger.) means, Allah prepared t his specific punishment and sent His Messenger and his Companions against t hem, because t hey defied Allah and His Messenger and denied t he good news t hat Allah sent fort h in t he Books of previous Messengers regarding t he coming of Muhammad . The Jews knew t hese fact s about Muhammad j ust as t hey knew t heir own children. Allah said,

び͡ゆゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ベ あ べ∠ゼΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever opposes Allah, t hen verily, Allah is Severe in punishment .)

The Prophet Cut down the Date Trees of the Jews by the Leave of Allah Allah said,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ も͡ べ∠ホ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ レ∠ Βあャ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ン ∠ ゴ͡ ∇ガΒ⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡ら͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ͡ヲ⊥タぺ⊥ (What you cut down of t he Linah, or you left t hem st anding on t heir st ems, it was by leave of Allah, and in order t hat He might disgrace t he rebellious.) Linah is an especially good t ype of dat e t ree. Abu ` Ubaydah said t hat Linah is a different kind of dat es t han ` Aj wah and Barni. Several ot hers said t hat Linah refers t o every t ype of dat e fruit s, except for t he ` Aj wah (ripen dat es), while Ibn Jarir said t hat it refers t o all kinds of dat e t rees. Ibn Jarir quot ed Muj ahid saying t hat it also includes t he Buwayrah t ype. When t he Messenger of Allah laid siege t o Bani An-Nadir, t o humiliat e t hem and bring fear and t error t o t heir heart s, he ordered t heir dat e t rees t o be cut down. Muhammad bin Ishaq narrat ed t hat Yazid bin Ruman, Qat adah and Muqat il bin Hayyan said, "Bani An-Nadir sent a message t o t he Messenger , saying t hat he used t o out law mischief in t he eart h, so why did he order t hat t heir t rees be cut down Allah sent down t his honorable Ayah st at ing t hat what ever Linah was felled or left int act by t he Muslims, has been done by His permission, will, leave and pleasure t o humiliat e and disgrace t he enemy and degrade t hem.'' Muj ahid said, "Some of t he emigrant s discouraged ot hers from chopping down t he dat e t rees of Jews, saying t hat t hey were war spoils for Muslims. The Qur'an approved of t he act ions of t hose who discouraged and t hose who approved of cut t ing t hese t rees, st at ing t hat t hose who cut t hem or did not , did so only by Allah's leave.'' There is also a Hadit h narrat ed from t he Prophet wit h t his meaning. An-Nasa'i recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about Allah's st at ement ,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ も͡ べ∠ホ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ レ∠ Βあャ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ン ∠ ゴ͡ ∇ガΒ⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡ら͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ͡ヲ⊥タぺ⊥ (What you cut down of t he Linah, or you left t hem st anding on t heir st ems, it was by leave of Allah, and in order t hat He might disgrace t he rebellious.) "They forced t hem t o come down from t heir fort s and were ordered t o cut t heir t rees cut down. So t he Muslims hesit at ed, and some of t hem said, ` We cut down some and left some. We must ask Allah's Messenger if we will earn a reward for what we cut and if we will be burdened for what we left int act .' Allah sent down t his Ayah, t

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ も͡ べ∠ホ ゅ∠ワヲヨ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ レ∠ Βあャ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡ら͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ͡ヲ⊥タぺ⊥ (What you cut down of t he Linah, or you left t hem st anding on t heir st ems, it was by leave of Allah).'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah ordered t hat t he dat e t rees of Bani An-Nadir be cut down and burned. The Two Sahihs collect ed a similar narrat ion. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said,"Bani An-Nadir and Bani Qurayzah fought (against t he Prophet ), and t he Prophet exiled Bani An-Nadir and allowed Bani Qurayzah t o remain in t heir area unt il lat er, when t he Prophet fought against Qurayzah. Their men were execut ed and t heir women, children and wealt h were confiscat ed and divided among Muslims. Some of t hem, however, were saved because t hey ret urned t o t he Prophet 's side, who grant ed t hem asylum, and t hey embraced Islam. All of t he Jews of Al-Madinah, Bani Qaynuqa` , t he t ribe of ` Abdullah bin Salam, Bani Harit hah and t he rest of t he Jewish t ribes in Al-Madinah were exiled.'' The Two Sahihs also recorded from Ibn ` Umar t hat t he Messenger of Allah burned down t he dat e t rees of Bani An-Nadir and had t hem cut down t he dat e palms of Al-Buwayrah. Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored revealed t his Ayah,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ も͡ べ∠ホ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ レ∠ Βあャ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ン ∠ ゴ͡ ∇ガΒ⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡ら͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ͡ヲ⊥タぺ⊥ (What you cut down of t he Linah, or you left t hem st anding on t heir st ems, it was by leave of Allah, and in order t hat He might disgrace t he rebellious.)'' Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed t hat t he bat t le of Bani An-Nadir occurred aft er t he bat t les of Uhud and Bi'r Ma` unah.

∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘィ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠プぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠シ ⊥ ケ⊥ テ ⊥ あヤジ ∠ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠ミケ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ べｚョ - ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠

ヮ͡ ヤｚヤ͡プ∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠プぺ∠ リ ͡ Β͡ム⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠ョゅ∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡グャ͡ヱ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ヤ͡ャヱ∠ ￢͡ べ∠Βレ͡ ∇ビｘΙや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ る⇔ ャ∠ヱ⊥キ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヴ∠ミ モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ͡ ∇よや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ヰル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グガ ⊥ プ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ルゅ∠プ (6. And what Allah gave as boot y (Fai') t o His Messenger from t hem -- for t his you made no expedit ion wit h eit her cavalry or camelry. But Allah gives power t o His Messengers over whomsoever He wills. And Allah is Able t o do all t hings.) (7. What Allah gave as boot y (Fai') t o His Messenger from t he people of t he t ownships -- it is for Allah, His Messenger, t he kindred, t he orphans, t he poor, and t he wayfarer, in order t hat it may not become a fort une used by t he rich among you. And what soever t he Messenger gives you, t ake it ; and what soever he forbids you, abst ain (from it ). And have Taqwa of Allah, verily, Allah is Severe in punishment .)

The Fai' and how it is spent Allah t he Exalt ed explains t he regulat ions for Fai', t he boot y t hat t he Muslims acquire from t he disbelievers, wit hout fight ing t hem or using cavalry and camelry in war against t hem. For inst ance, t he boot y collect ed from Bani An-Nadir was not acquired because of fight ing t hem using horses and camels. The Muslims did not fight Bani An-Nadir in bat t le, but Allah forced t hem out of t heir fort s on account of t he fear t hat He placed in t heir heart s for Allah's Messenger . Therefore, it was Fai' t hat Allah awarded His Messenger, wit h his discret ion t o spend it however he sees fit . Indeed, t he Prophet spent t he Fai' on right eous causes and for t he benefit of Muslims in t he areas t hat Allah ment ioned in t his Ayat ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠プぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And what Allah gave as boot y (Fai') t o His Messenger from t hem) meaning, from Bani An-Nadir,

び∃ゆゅ∠ミケ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘィ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (for t his you made no expedit ion wit h eit her cavalry or camelry.) refering t o using camels,

ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠シ ⊥ ケ⊥ テ ⊥ あヤジ ∠ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ び∀ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠

(But Allah gives power t o His Messengers over whomsoever He wills. And Allah is Able t o do all t hings.) mean, Allah is powerful and cannot be resist ed or opposed; He is t he Compeller over all t hings. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

びン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠プぺ∠ べｚョぴ (What Allah gave as boot y (Fai') t o His Messenger from t he people of t he t ownships) meaning, from all t he villages and areas t hat are conquered in t his manner; t he boot y collect ed from t hem falls under t he same ruling as t he boot y acquired from Bani An-Nadir. This is why Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ヴ∠ョゅ∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ

ヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや

ン͡グャ͡ヱ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ヤ͡ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚヤ͡プ∠ ぴ び͡モΒ͡らジ ｚ ャや リ ͡ ∇よや∠ヱ リ ͡ Β͡ム⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ

(it is for Allah, His Messenger, t he kindred, t he orphans, t he poor, and t he wayfarer,) unt il it s end and t he following Ayah. ment ioning t he ways t he Fai' should be spent . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Umar said, "The wealt h of Bani An-Nadir was of t he Fai' t ype t hat Allah awarded His Messenger and for which t he Muslims did not have t o use cavalry or camelry. Therefore, it was for t he Messenger of Allah , and he used it for t he needs of his family for a year at a t ime, and t he rest was used t o buy armors and weapons used in t he cause of Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored.'' Ahmad collect ed t he short form of t his st ory. The Group, wit h t he except ion of Ibn Maj ah, collect ed t his Hadit h. Abu Dawud recorded t hat Malik bin ` Aws said,"While I was at home, t he sun rose high and it got hot . Suddenly t he messenger of ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab came t o me and I went along wit h him and ent ered t he place where ` Umar was sit t ing on a bedst ead made of dat e-palm leaves and wit hout a mat t ress. He said when I went in, ` O Malik! Some of your people's families came t o me due t o t heir famine, and I have ordered t hat relief aid should be given t o t hem, so t ake it and dist ribut e it among t hem.' I said, ` I wish t hat you ordered someone else t o do it .' He said, ` Take it .' Then Yarfa (t he servant of ` Umar) came saying, ` O Commander of t he fait hful! May I admit ` Ut hman bin ` Affan, ` Abdur-Rahman bin ` Awf, Az-Zubayr bin Al-` Awwam and Sa` d bin Abi Waqqas' ` Umar said, ` Yes,' and t hey came in. Aft er a while Yarfa came again and said, ` O Commander of t he fait hful! May I admit Al-` Abbas and ` Ali' ` Umar said, ` Yes.' So, t hey were admit t ed and Al-` Abbas said, ` O Chief of t he believers! Judge bet ween me and t his one (i.e., ` Ali).' The group (being ` Ut hman and his companions) said, ` O Chief of t he believers! Judge bet ween t hem and relieve bot h of t hem from each ot her.' I (Malik bin Aws) t hought t hat t hey asked t he four men t o come in before t hem for t his purpose. ` Umar said, ` Be pat ient !' He t hen asked t he group (` Ut hman and his companions), ` I ask you by Allah by Whose permission t he heaven and t he eart h exist , do you know t hat Allah's Messenger said,

«る∠ホギ∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩⊥ゐケ∠ ヲ⊥ル ゅ∠ャ» (Our (t he Prophet 's) propert y will not be inherit ed. What ever we leave, is charit y)' The group said, ` He said so.' ` Umar t hen t urned t o ` Ali and Al-` Abbas and said, ` I beseech you by Allah by Whose permission t he heaven and t he eart h exist , do you know bot h t hat Allah's Messenger said,

«る∠ホギ∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩⊥ゐケ∠ ヲ⊥ル ゅ∠ャ» (Our (t he Prophet s` ) propert y will not be inherit ed. What ever we leave, is charit y)' They replied, ` He said so.' ` Umar t hen said, ` Allah best owed on His Messenger a special favor unlike what he gave all ot her people. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘィ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠プぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠シ ⊥ ケ⊥ テ ⊥ あヤジ ∠ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠ミケ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (And what Allah gave as boot y (Fai') t o His Messenger from t hem -- for t his you made no expedit ion wit h eit her cavalry or camelry. But Allah gives power t o His Messengers over whomsoever He wills. And Allah is Able t o do all t hings.) Therefore, t his propert y, t he boot y collect ed from Bani An-Nadir, was especially given t o Allah's Messenger . However, by Allah, neit her did he t ake possession of it and leave you, nor did he favor himself wit h it t o your exclusion. Allah's Messenger t ook t he yearly expenses from it for himself and his family and left t he rest in t he Muslim Treasury.' He t hen asked t he group, ` I ask you by Allah wit h Whose permission t he heavens and eart h exist , do you know t his' They replied, ` Yes.' ` Umar t hen said t o ` Ali and Al-` Abbas, ` I ask you by Allah, wit h Whose permission t hat heavens and eart h exist , do you know t his' They said, ` Yes.' ` Umar added, ` When Allah t ook His Prophet unt o Him, Abu Bakr said: I am t he successor of Allah's Messenger ! Then you bot h came t o Abu Bakr asking for your (Al-` Abbas') share of inherit ance from your nephew, and he (` Ali) asked for his wife's share from her fat her's inherit ance. Abu Bakr said: Allah's Messenger said,

«る∠ホギ∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩⊥ゐケ∠ ヲ⊥ル ゅ∠ャ» (Our (t he Prophet s') propert y will not be inherit ed. What ever we leave, is charit y.)'' Allah knows t hat Abu Bakr was t rue, pious, right ly guided and a follower of what was right . So, Abu Bakr assumed t he responsibilit y of t hat propert y. When Abu Bakr died, I said: I am t he successor of Allah's Messenger and t he successor of Abu Bakr. So I managed it as long as Allah allowed me t o manage it . Then you bot h (` Ali and Al-` Abbas) came t o t alk t o me, bearing t he same claim and present ing t he same case, asking for t hat propert y. I said t o you: I am ready t o hand over t his propert y t o you if you wish. I will do so on t he condit ion t hat you will t ake a pledge before Allah's t hat you will manage it in t he same way as Allah's Messenger used t o. So, bot h of you agreed and on t hat condit ion I handed it over t o you. Now you come t o me t o render a different j udgement over t he propert y t han t he one I made before. By Allah, I will never give any decision ot her t han what I have already given, unt il t he Last Hour begins. If you are unable t o manage it , t hen ret urn it t o me, and I will do t he j ob on your behalf.,'' They recorded t his from t he Hadit h of Az-Zuhri. Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ￢͡ べ∠Βレ͡ ∇ビΙ ｘやリ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ る⇔ ャ∠ヱ⊥キ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヴ∠ミぴ

(in order t hat it may not become a fort une used by t he rich among you.) means, ` We made t he expendit ures for t he Fai' like t his, so t hat t he wealt h does not remain among t he wealt hy, who would spend it as t hey wish and desire and give none of it t o t he poor.'

Ordering Obedience of the Messenger in All Commands and Prohibitions Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ヰル∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グガ ⊥ プ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∇やヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ルゅ∠プ (And what soever t he Messenger gives you, t ake it ; and what soever he forbids you, abst ain (from it ).) meaning, ` what ever t he Messenger commands you, t hen do it and what ever he forbids you, t hen avoid it . Surely, He only commands right eousness and forbids evil.' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "Allah curses women who pract ice t at t ooing and t hose who get t hemselves t at t ooed, and t he women who remove t he hair from t heir eyebrows and faces and t hose who make art ificial spaces bet ween t heir t eet h in order t o look more beaut iful, whereby changing Allah's creat ion.'' His st at ement reached a woman from Bani Asad called, Umm Ya` qub, who came t o ` Abdullah and said, "I have come t o know t hat you have cursed such and such'' He replied, "Why should I not curse t hose whom Allah's Messenger has cursed and who are cursed in Allah's Book!'' Umm Ya` qub said, "I have read t he whole Qur'an, but did not find in it what you say.'' He said, "Verily, if you have read t he Qur'an, you have found it . Didn't you read,

ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ヰル∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グガ ⊥ プ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び∇やヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ルゅ∠プ (And what soever t he Messenger gives you t ake it and what soever he forbids you, you abst ain (from it ).)'' She replied, "Yes, I did.'' He said, "Verily, Allah's Messenger forbade such t hings. '' "She said, "But I t hink t hat your wife does t hese t hings'' He said, "Go and look at her.'' She went and wat ched her, but could not see anyt hing in support of her claim. She went back t o ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud and said t hat she did not not ice anyt hing on his wife. On t hat he said, "If my wife was as you t hought , I would not keep her wit h me.'' The Two Sahihs recorded t his from t he Hadit h of Sufyan At h-Thawri. As well as a Hadit h of Abu Hurayrah, who said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ やヲ⊥わ∇もゅ∠プ ゲ∃ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ゲョ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡» «ロヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇Βヰ∠ ル∠ (When I order you t o do somet hing, t hen do as much as you can of it . If I forbid somet hing for you, t hen shun it .) Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ゆゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャへ ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (Have Taqwa of Allah; verily, Allah is Severe in punishment .) means, fear Allah by obeying His orders and refraining from His prohibit ions. Surely, Allah is severe in punishment for t hose who defy Him and rej ect and disobey His commands as well as, t hose who commit what He forbids and prohibit s.

∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ Α͡ゲイ ͡ ⇒∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや ￢͡ へ∠ゲボ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ぴ ゅ⇔ル∠ヲ∇ッケ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ Κ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Αヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηやヱ∠ ケ∠ やｚギャや やヱ⊥￢ヲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ る⇔ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ェ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゲ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ワ ∇リョ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡を∇ぽΑ⊥ ∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ べｚヨョあ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ｚウセ ⊥ ベ ∠ ヲ⊥Α リ∠ョヱ∠ ∀る∠タゅ∠ダ∠カ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ やヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ∠Ηゅ͡よ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ボら∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠レル͡ ヲ∠ ∇カΗ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ Κ ６ビ ͡ ゅ∠レよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇モバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ケ (8. (And t here is also a share in t his boot y) for t he poor emigrant s, who were expelled from t heir homes and t heir propert y, seeking bount ies from Allah and (His) good pleasure, and helping Allah and His Messenger. Such are indeed t he t rut hful.) (9. And (it is also for) t hose who, before t hem, had homes and had adopt ed t he fait h, love t hose who emigrat e t o t hem, and have no j ealousy in t heir breast s for t hat which t hey have been given, and give t hem preference over t hemselves even t hough t hey were in need of t hat . And whosoever is saved from his own greed, such are t hey who will be t he successful.) e(10. And t hose who came aft er t hem say: "Our Lord! Forgive us and our bret hren who have preceded us in fait h, and put not in our heart s any hat red against t hose who have believed. Our Lord! You are indeed full of kindness, Most Merciful.)

Those Who deserve the Fai'; and the Virtues of the Muhajirin and Al-Ansar Allah st at es t he cat egories of needy people who also deserve a part of t he Fai',

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ び⇔ゅル∠ヲ∇ッケ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ Κ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ (who were expelled from t heir homes and t heir propert y, seeking bount ies from Allah and (His) good pleasure,) meaning, depart ed t heir homes and defied t heir people, seeking t he accept ance of Allah and His favor,

び∠ラヲ⊥ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Αヱ∠ ぴ (and helping Allah and His Messenger. Such are indeed t he t rut hful.) meaning, ` t hey are t hose who were t rut hful in st at ement and deed, and t hey are t he chiefs of t he Muhaj irin.' Allah t he Exalt ed praised t he Ansar next and emphasized t heir virt ue, st at us and honor, preferring t o give t o ot hers over t hemselves, even t hough t hey were in need, and not feeling enviousness. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηや∠ヱ ケ∠ やｚギャや やヱ⊥￢ヲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And (it is also for) t hose who, before t hem, had homes and had adopt ed t he fait h,) referring t o t hose who resided in t he cit y t o which t he migrat ion occurred, before t he emigrant s arrived at it , and who embraced t he fait h before many of t he emigrant s. ` Umar said, "I recommend t he Khalifah, who will come aft er me, t o know t he right s and virt ues of t he foremost Muhaj irin and t o preserve t heir honor. I also recommend him t o be kind t o t he Ansar, t hose who resided in t he cit y of Hij rah and embraced t he fait h beforehand, t hat he accept s t he good t hat comes from t hose who do good among t hem and forgives t hose among t hem who commit errors.'' AlBukhari collect ed t his Hadit h. Allah said,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゲ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ワ ∇リョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ ぴ (love t hose who emigrat e t o t hem,) indicat es t hat t hey, on account of t heir generosit y and honorable conduct , loved t hose who emigrat ed t o t hem and comfort ed t hem wit h t heir wealt h. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas said, "The Muhaj irin said, ` O Allah's Messenger! We have never met people like t hose whom we emigrat ed t o; comfort ing us in t imes of scarcit y and giving us wit h a good heart in t imes of abundance. They have sufficed for us and shared t heir wealt h wit h us so much so, t hat we feared t hat t hey might earn t he whole reward inst ead of us.' He said,

«ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ぶ ∠ や ユ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βレ∠ ∇をぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩ゅ∠ャ»

(No t hey won't , as long you t hanked t hem for what t hey did and invoked Allah for t hem.)'' I have not seen t his version in t he ot her books. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Yahya bin Sa` id heard Anas bin Malik, when he went wit h him t o Al-Walid, saying, "The Prophet called Ansar t o divide Al-Bahrayn among t hem. The Ansar said, ` Not unt il you give a similar port ion t o our emigrant brot hers.' He said,

∇ユム⊥ ら⊥ Β͡ダΒ⊥ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルみ͡プ∠ ∩ヶ͡ル∇ヲボ∠ ∇ヤゎ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プ ∩ゅ∠ャ ゅｚョま͡» «り∠ゲを∠ ぺ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇バよ∠ (Perhaps, no; but you will soon see people giving preference t o ot hers, so remain pat ient unt il you meet me (on t he Day of Resurrect ion).)'' Al-Bukhari was alone wit h t his version. He also recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "The Ansar said (t o t he Prophet ), ` Dist ribut e our dat e-palms bet ween us and our emigrant brot hers.' He replied, ` No.' The Ansar said (t o t he emigrant s), ` Look t end t o t he t rees and share t he fruit s wit h us.' The emigrant s said, ` We hear and obey.''' Al-Bukhari, but not Muslim, recorded it .

The Ansar never envied the Muhajirin Allah said,

び∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ べｚヨョあ る⇔ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ェ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and have no j ealousy in t heir breast s for t hat which t hey have been given,) meaning, t he Ansar did not have any envy for t he Muhaj irin because of t he bet t er st at us, rank, or more exalt ed grade t hat Allah gave t he Muhaj irin above t hem. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ べｚヨョあ ぴ (t hat which t hey have been given,) refers t o what t he Muhaj irin were favored wit h, according t o Qat adah and Ibn Zayd.

Selflessness of the Ansar Allah said,

び∀るタ ∠ ゅ∠ダカ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲを͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and give t hem preference over t hemselves even t hough t hey were in need of t hat .) meaning, t hey preferred giving t o t he needy rat her t han at t ending t o t heir own needs, and began by giving t he people before t heir own selves, even t hough t hey t oo were in need. An aut hent ic Hadit h st at ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«モ͡ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや ギ⊥ ∇ヰィ ⊥ る͡ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや モ ⊥ツ ∠ ∇プぺ∠» (The best charit y is t hat given when one is in need and st ruggling.) This exalt ed rank is bet t er t han t he rank of t hose whom Allah described in His st at ement s,

び͡ヮらあ ェ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨバ͡ ∇トΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey give food, inspit e of t heir love for it .)(76:8), and,

び͡ヮらあ ェ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ヴ∠ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (And gives his wealt h, in spit e of love for it .)(2:177) The lat t er give charit y even t hough t hey love t he wealt h t hey give, not t hat t hey really need it , nor t hat it is necessary for t hem t o keep it . The former prefer ot hers t o t hemselves even t hough t hey are in need and have a necessit y for what t hey spend in charit y. Abu Bakr As-Siddiq gave away all his wealt h in charit y and Allah's Messenger asked him,

«∨∠マヤ͡∇ワほ∠ャ͡ ろ ∠ ∇Βボ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (What did you keep for your family,) and he said, "I kept for t hem Allah and His Messenger.'' ` Ikrimah (bin Abi Jahl) and t wo ot her wounded fight ers were offered wat er when t hey were inj ured during t he bat t le of Al-Yarmuk, and each one of t hem said t hat t he sip of wat er should be given t o anot her of t he t hree wounded men. They did so even t hough t hey were badly inj ured and craving wat er. When t he wat er reached t he t hird man, he and t he ot her t wo died and none of t hem drank any of t he wat er! May Allah be pleased wit h t hem and make t hem pleased wit h Him. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "A man came t o t he Prophet and said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Povert y has st uck me.' The Prophet sent a messenger t o his wives (t o bring somet hing for t hat man t o eat ) but t hey said t hat t hey had not hing. Then Allah's Messenger said,

«ぶや ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ェ ͡ ケ∠ ∩∠るヤ∠∇Βヤｚャや ∩や∠グワ∠ ブ ⊥ あΒツ ∠ Α⊥ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» (Who will invit e t his person or ent ert ain him as a guest t onight ; may Allah grant His mercy t o him who does so) An Ansari man said, ` I, O Allah's Messenger!' So he t ook him t o his wife and said t o her, ` Ent ert ain t he guest of Allah's Messenger generously.' She said, ` By Allah ! We have not hing except t he meal for my children.' He said, ` Let your children sleep if t hey ask for supper. Then t urn off t he lamp and we go t o bed t onight while hungry.' She did what he asked her t o do. In t he morning t he Ansari went t o Allah's Messenger who said,

ラ ∃ ゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠エ ͡ッ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ょ ∠ イ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠» «る∠ルゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ヱ∠

(Allah wondered (favorably) or laughed at t he act ion of so-and-so and his wife.) Then Allah revealed,

び∀るタ ∠ ゅ∠ダカ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲを͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey give t hem preference over t hemselves even t hough t hey were in need of t hat ). '' AlBukhari recorded t his Hadit h in anot her part of his Sahih. Muslim, At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i collect ed t his Hadit h. In anot her narrat ion for t his Hadit h, t he Companion's name was ment ioined, it was Abu Talhah Al-Ansari, may Allah be pleased wit h him. Allah said,

び∠ラヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ｚウセ ⊥ ベ ∠ ヲ⊥Α リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever is saved from his own greed, such are t hey who will be t he successful.) indicat ing t hat t hose who are saved from being st ingy, t hen t hey have earned success and a good achievement . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ れ ∀ ゅ∠ヨヤ⊥ニ ⊥ ユ∠ ∇ヤヌ ぁ ャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∠ユ∇ヤヌ ぁ ャや∠ヱ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡» ∩∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ウ ｚゼ ぁ ャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩ｚウゼ ぁ ャや やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ やヲぁヤエ ∠ わ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠ョキ͡ やヲ⊥ムヘ∠ シ ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ェ ∠ «ユ⊥ヰョ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠エョ∠ (Be on your guard against commit t ing oppression, for oppression is a darkness on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Be on your guard against being st ingy, for being st ingy is what dest royed t hose who were before you. It made t hem shed blood and make lawful what was unlawful for t hem.) Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Al-Aswad bin Hilal said t hat a man said t o ` Abdullah (bin Mas` ud),"O Abu ` Abdur-Rahman! I fear t hat I have earned dest ruct ion for myself.'' ` Abdullah asked him what t he mat t er was and he said, "I hear Allah's saying,

び∠ラヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ｚウセ ⊥ ベ ∠ ヲ⊥Α リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever is saved from his own greed, such are t hey who will be t he successful.) and I am somewhat a miser who barely gives away anyt hing.'' ` Abdullah said, "That is not t he greed Allah ment ioned in t he Qur'an, which pert ains t o illegally consuming your brot her's wealt h. What you have is miserliness, and it is an evil t hing indeed t o be a miser.'' Allah said,

ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ やヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ ヴ͡プ ∇モバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ∠Ηゅ͡よ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ボら∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠レル͡ ヲ∠ ∇カΗ ͡ ヱ∠

∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ケ マ ∠ ルｚま͡ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ Κ ６ビ ͡ ゅ∠レよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ び (And t hose who came aft er t hem say: "Our Lord! Forgive us and our bret hren who have preceded us in fait h, and put not in our heart s any hat red against t hose who have believed. Our Lord! You are indeed full of kindness, Most Mercif ul.) This is t he t hird t ype of believers whose poor most deserve t o receive a part of t he Fai'. These t hree t ypes are t he Muhaj irin, t he Ansar and t hose who followed t heir right eous lead wit h excellence. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇ルΕ ∠ や∠ヱ リ ∠ Α͡ゲイ ͡ ⇒∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱｚ Ι ｘや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボら͡ ⇒ｚジャや∠ヱぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ッ ͡ ケｚ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ジ∇ェみ͡よ͡ ユ⊥ワヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ び⊥ヮ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッケ∠ ヱ∠ (And of t he foremost t o embrace Islam of t he Muhaj irin and t he Ansar and also t hose who followed t hem exact ly, Allah is well-pleased wit h t hem as t hey are well-pleased wit h Him.)(9:100) The t hird t ype are t hose who followed t he Muhaj irin and Ansar in t heir good works, beaut iful at t ribut es and who invoke Allah for t hem in public and secret . This is why Allah t he Exalt ed said in t his honorable Ayah,

び∠ラヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ やヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who came aft er t hem say), meaning, t he st at ement t hat t hey ut t er is,

リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ∠Ηゅ͡よ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ボら∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠レル͡ ヲ∠ ∇カΗ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ び６Κビ ͡ ゅ∠レよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇モバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ (Our Lord! Forgive us and our bret hren who have preceded us in fait h, and put not in our heart s any hat red), meaning, rage or envy,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ケ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあぴ (against t hose who have believed. Our Lord! You are indeed full of kindness, Most Merciful.) Indeed, it is a beaut iful way t hat Imam Malik used t his honorable Ayah t o declare t hat t he Rafidah who curse t he Companions do not have a share in t he Fai' money, because t hey do not have t he good qualit y of t hose whom Allah has described here t hat t hey say,

リ ͡ ⇒ヨ∠ Α∠Ηゅ͡よ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ボら∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠レル͡ ヲ∠ ∇カΗ ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ Κ ６ビ ͡ ゅ∠レよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇モバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ケ (Our Lord! Forgive us and our bret hren who have preceded us in fait h, and put not in our heart s any hat red against t hose who have believed. Our Lord! You are indeed full of kindness, Most Merciful.) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "They were commanded t o invoke Allah t o forgive t hem, but inst ead, t hey cursed t hem!'' She t hen recit ed t his Ayah,

ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ゅレ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ やヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び͡リ⇒∠ヨΑ∠Ηゅ͡よ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ボら∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠レル͡ ヲ∠ ∇カΗ ͡ ヱ∠ (And t hose who came aft er t hem say: "Our Lord! Forgive us and our bret hren who have preceded us in fait h, and put not in our heart s any hat red against t hose who have believed.'')

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ル͡ や∠ヲ∇カΗ ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ⇒∠ル リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ リ ｚィ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ガレ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヲ⊥ホ ラ͡まヱ∠ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Βプ ノ⊥ Β͡トル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ｚルゲ∠ ダ ⊥ レ∠レャ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ͡ゎヲ⊥ホ リ͡ゃャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠よ∇キΙ ｘやリ ｚ ャぁ∠ヲΒ⊥ ∠ャ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ ルｚ リ͡ゃャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Α リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ る⇔ ら∠ ∇ワケ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∂Ι - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ Ι ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ Ι ｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ケ∃ ギ⊥ ィ ⊥ ￢͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ レ∠ ダ ｚ エ ∠ ョぁ ン⇔ゲホ⊥ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヴｚわセ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠セ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ シ ⊥ ∇ほよ∠

∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι ｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホや∠ク ゅ⇔らΑ͡ゲホ∠ ヴあルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ミや リ ͡ ⇒∠ジル͡Θャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ｚ ケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ マ ∠ レあョ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ わ∠ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや (11. Have you not observed t he hypocrit es who say t o t heir disbelieving bret hren among t he People of t he Script ure, "If you are expelled, we indeed will go out wit h you, and we shall never obey anyone against you; and if you are at t acked, we shall indeed help you.'' But Allah is Wit ness t hat t hey verily are liars.) (12. Surely, if t hey (t he Jews) are expelled, never will t hey (hypocrit es) go out wit h t hem; and if t hey are at t acked, t hey will never help t hem. And (even) if t hey do help t hem, t hey (hypocrit es) will t urn t heir backs, and t hey will not be vict orious.) (13. Verily, you are more fearful in t heir breast s t han Allah. That is because t hey are a people who comprehend not .) (14. They fight not against you even t oget her, except in fort ified t ownships, or from behind walls. Their enmit y among t hemselves is very great . You would t hink t hey were unit ed, but t heir heart s are divided. That is because t hey are a people who underst and not .) (15. They are like t heir immediat e predecessors; t hey t ast ed t he evil result of t heir conduct , and for t hem a painful t orment .) e(16. Like Shayt an, when he says t o man: "Disbelieve.'' But when he disbelieves, Shayt an says: "I am free of you, I fear Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s!'') (17. So, t he end of bot h will be t hat t hey will be in t he Fire, abiding t herein. Such is t he recompense of t he wrongdoers.)

The False Promise of Support the Hypocrites gave to the Jews Allah st at es t hat t he hypocrit es, ` Abdullah bin Ubayy and his like, sent a messenger t o Bani AnNadir promising t hem help. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ル͡ や∠ヲ∇カΗ ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ⇒∠ル リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ リ ｚィ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ガレ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヲ⊥ホ ラ͡まヱ∠ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Βプ ノ⊥ Β͡トル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ び∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ゲ∠ ダ ⊥ レ∠レャ∠

(Have you not observed t he hypocrit es who say t o t heir friends among t he People of t he Script ure who disbelieve: "If you are expelled, we indeed will go out wit h you, and we shall never obey anyone against you; and if you are at t acked, we shall indeed help you.'') Allah t hen said,

び∠ラヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (But Allah is Wit ness t hat t hey verily are liars.) meaning, t he hypocrit es lied when t hey issued t his promise, because it was j ust words t hat t hey did not int end t o fulfill. Also, what t hey said t hey would do, would never have been fulfilled by t hem, and t his is why Allah said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ͡ゎヲ⊥ホ リ͡ゃ∠ャ∠ヱぴ (and if t hey are at t acked, t hey will never help t hem.) meaning, t he hypocrit es will not fight along wit h t he Jews,

び∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ ルｚ リ͡ゃ∠ャ∠ヱぴ (And (even) if t hey do help t hem, ) and even if t he hypocrit es did fight along t heir side,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠よ∇キΙ ｘやリ ｚ ャぁ∠ヲΒ⊥ ∠ャぴ (t hey will t urn t heir backs, and t hey will not be vict orious.) This Ayah cont ains good news, j ust as t he good news t hat t his following Ayah conveys,

び͡ヮヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ る⇔ ら∠ ∇ワケ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∂Ιぴ (Verily, you are more fearful in t heir breast s t han Allah.) meaning, t he hypocrit es fear you more t han t hey fear Allah, as He says;

∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ Β∠ ∇ゼガ ∠ ミ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ や∠クま͡ぴ び⇔るΒ∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ギｚ セ ∠ ぺ∠ (Behold! a sect ion of t hem fear men as t hey fear Allah or even more.)(4:77) This is why Allah said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ Ι ｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That is because t hey are a people who comprehend not .) Allah t hen said,

リ͡ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ レ∠ ダ ｚ エ ∠ ョぁ ン⇔ゲホ⊥ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ び∃ケギ⊥ ィ ⊥ ￢͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ (They fight not against you even t oget her, except in fort ified t ownships, or from behind walls.) meaning, t hey will not fight Muslims except from behind besieged fort ified fort s, because of t heir cowardice and fear of Muslims. They only fight when t hey have t o defend t hemselves (even t hough t hey t hreat en Muslims of reprisals). Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∀ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ シ ⊥ ∇ほよ∠ ぴ (Their enmit y among t hemselves is very great .) meaning, t he enmit y t hey feel against each ot her is int ense,

び∃ヂ∇バよ∠ サ ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ペ ∠ Α͡グΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And make you t o t ast e t he violence of one anot her.)(6:65) Allah said in t he Ayah,

びヴｚわセ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ぴ (You would t hink t hey were unit ed, but t heir heart s are divided.) meaning, even t hough one might see t hem combining forces and t hink t hat t hese forces are harmonious, yet in realit y, t hey are divided severely. Ibrahim An-Nakha` i said t hat t his Ayah refers t o t he hypocrit es and t he People of t he Script ures,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι ｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (That is because t hey are a people who underst and not .) Allah said,

∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホや∠ク ゅ⇔らΑ͡ゲホ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ (They are like t heir immediat e predecessors; t hey t ast ed t he evil result of t heir conduct , and for t hem a painful t orment .) referring t o t he Jewish t ribe of Bani Qaynuqa` , according t o Ibn ` Abbas, Qat adah and Muhammad bin Ishaq.

The Parable of the Hypocrites and the Jews Allah said,

ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ミや リ ͡ ⇒∠ジル͡Θャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ぴ び∠マレあョ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ヴあルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ (Like Shayt an, when he says t o man: "Disbelieve.'' But when (man) disbelieves, Shayt an says: "I am free of you...'') meaning, t he example of t he Jews being deceived by t he promises of t he hypocrit es, who said t hat t hey will help t hem if Muslims fight t hem, is t hat of t he devil. When mat t ers got serious and t he Jews were besieged, t he hypocrit es bet rayed t hem and abandoned t hem t o t ast e ut t er defeat . Likewise, t he devil lures mankind int o disbelief and when t hey obey him, he disowns t hem and declares himself free of t heir act ions, saying,

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ｚ ケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ (I fear Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s!) Allah said,

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ わ∠ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ぴ (So, t he end of bot h will be t hat t hey will be in t he Fire, abiding t herein.) meaning, t he end of bot h he, Shayt an, who commanded t hat dis- belief be commit t ed, and t hose who accep- t ed his call, was in t he fire of Hell forever,

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Such is t he recompense of t he wrongdoers. ) means, t his is t he recompense of every unj ust person.

ゅｚョ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ∇ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠わ∇ャヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡ら∠カ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ギ∃ ピ∠ ャ͡ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ジル∠ほプ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴも͡ べ∠ヘ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ (18. O you who believe! Have Taqwa of Allah and let every person look t o what he has sent fort h for t omorrow, and fear Allah. Verily, Allah is All-Aware of what you do.) (19. And be not like t hose who forgot Allah, and He caused t hem t o forget t hemselves. Those are t he rebellious.) (20. Not equal are t he dwellers of t he Fire and t he dwellers of t he Paradise. It is t he dwellers of Paradise t hat will be successful.)

The Command to have Taqwa and to prepare for the Day of Resurrection Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Al-Mundhir bin Jarir narrat ed t hat his fat her said, "While we were in t he company of t he Messenger of Allah in t he early hours of t he morning, some people came t here who were barefoot ed, naked, wearing st riped woolen clot hes, or cloaks, wit h t heir swords hung (around t heir necks). Most of t hem, nay, all of t hem, belonged t o t he t ribe of Mudar. The color of t he face of t he Messenger of Allah underwent a change when he saw t hem in povert y. He t hen ent ered (his house) and came out and commanded Bilal t o pronounce Adhan. Bilal pronounced Adhan and Iqamah, and t he Prophet led t he prayer. He t hen addressed t hem, first recit ing,

ザ ∃ ∇ヘルｚ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚよケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ び∃りギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ (O mankind! Have Taqwa of your Lord, Who creat ed you from a single person... ) (4:1), unt il t he end of t he Ayah. Then he recit ed t he Ayah t hat is in Surat Al-Hashr:

び∃ギピ∠ ャ͡ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅｚョ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ∇ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠わ∇ャ∠ヱぴ (and let every person look t o what he has sent fort h for t omorrow,'') He t hen said, "A man donat ed his Dinar, his Dirham, from his clot hes, from his Sa` of wheat , from his Sa` of dat es'' -unt il he said -- "even if it was half a dat e.'' Then a person among t he Ansar came t here wit h a moneybag, which his hands could scarcely lift ; in fact , his hands could not lift it . Then t he people followed cont inuously, unt il I saw t wo heaps of eat ables and clot hes. I saw t he face of t he Messenger radiat e wit h pleasure, like gold. The Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ る⇔ レｚ シ ⊥ ュ͡ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや ヶ͡プ リ ｚシ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ∇リョ͡ ゾ ∠ ボ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∩⊥ロギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ る⇔ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ る⇔ レｚ シ ⊥ ュ͡ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや ヶ͡プ リ ｚシ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀￢∇ヶセ ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ͡ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ケ⊥ ∇コヱ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワケ⊥ ∇コ͡ヱ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ «￢∇ヶセ ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ や∠コ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゾ ∠ ボ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ (He who set s a good example in Islam, t here is a reward for him for t his (act of goodness) and reward of t hat also who act ed according t o it subsequent ly, wit hout any deduct ion from t heir rewards. Whoever set s in Islam an evil example, t here is upon him t he burden of t hat evil and t he burden of him also who act ed upon it subsequent ly, wit hout any deduct ion from t heir burden.)'' Muslim recorded t his Hadit h via t he chain of Shu` bah. Therefore, Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ヮヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O you who believe! Have Taqwa of Allah), ordains t he Taqwa of Allah which pert ains t o obeying what He ordered and st aying away from what He forbade. Allah said,

び∃ギピ∠ ャ͡ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅｚョ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ∇ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠わ∇ャ∠ヱぴ (and let every person look t o what he has sent fort h for t omorrow,) meaning, hold yourselves account able before you are recompensed, and cont emplat e what you have kept for yourselves of good deeds for t he Day of your ret urn and being paraded before your Lord,

び∠ヮヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (Have Taqwa of Allah), again ordering Taqwa,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is All-Aware of what you do.) Allah assert s t hat surely, He knows all of your deeds -- O mankind -- and act ions. Not hing t hat pert ains t o you ever escapes His observat ion, nor any mat t er of yours, whet her maj or or minor, is ever beyond His knowledge,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ジル∠ほプ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And be not like t hose who forgot Allah, and He caused t hem t o forget t hemselves.) meaning, do not forget t he remembrance of Allah, t he Exalt ed, ot herwise, He will make you forget t o perform t he good deeds t hat benefit you in your ret urn, because t he recompense is equat ed wit h t he act ion. This is why Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺぴ (Those are t he rebellious.) referring t o t hose who rebel against obedience t o Allah, who will earn dest ruct ion on t he Day of Resurrect ion and failure upon t heir ret urn,

∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヰ͡ ∇ヤゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや (O you who believe! Let not your propert ies or your children divert you from t he remembrance of Allah. And whosoever does t hat , t hen t hey are t he losers.)(63:9)

The Residents of Paradise and the Residents of Hell are never Equal Allah said,

び͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ (Not equal are t he dwellers of t he Fire and t he dwellers of t he Paradise.) meaning, t hese t wo cat egories of people are never t he same wit h regards t o t he j udgement of Allah, t he Exalt ed, on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,

∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇イルｚ ラ∠ぺ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ ジ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ェゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ∠ ジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠Β∇エョｚ ￢⇔ へ∠ヲシ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ べ∠シ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ヨョ∠ ヱ∠ (Or do t hose who earn evil deeds t hink t hat We shall hold t hem equal wit h t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, in t heir present life and aft er t heir deat h Worst is t he j udgement t hat t hey make.)(45:21),

∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゲ⊥ Β͡ダ∠ら∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∇ハΙ ｘ や ン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ ⇒Β͡ヤホ∠ ￢⊥ ヴ͡ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ (And not equal are t he blind and t hose who see; nor are t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds and t hose who do evil. Lit t le do you remember!)(40:58), and,

ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ リ ∠ Β͡ボｚわヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ∇ュぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ び ケ͡ ゅｚイヘ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ (Shall We t reat t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds as corrupt ers on eart h Or shall We t reat t hose who have Taqwa as t he wicked)(38:28) Therefore, Allah assert s t hat He will honor t he right eous and humiliat e t he sinners, and t his is why He said here,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゴも͡ べ∠ヘ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ぴ (It is t he dwellers of Paradise t hat will be successful.) t hat is, t hey are t hose who will earn safet y and deliverance from t he t orment of Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored.

ゅ⇔バ͡ゼ⇒∠カ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ゲ∠ ャｚ モ ∃ ら∠ ィ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴルぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ ゅ∠ヰよ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツル∠ モ ⊥ ⇒∠ん∇ョΙ ｘやマ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る͡ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ∇リョあ ゅ⇔ハあギダ ∠ わ∠ ョぁ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ - ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ り͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠ハ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ユ⊥ ⇒∠ヤジ ｚ ャや サ ⊥ ヱぁギボ⊥ ∇ャや マ ⊥ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ゲ⊥ らあ ム∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ケ⊥ ゅｚらイ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや リ ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇Βヰ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⊥ ン͡ケゅ∠ら∇ャや ペ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ガ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ Α⊥ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⊥ べ∠ヨ∇シΙ ｘ や ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ケ⊥ あヲダ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや び ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (21. Had We sent down t his Qur'an on a mount ain, you would surely have seen it humbling it self and rent asunder by t he fear of Allah. Such are t he parables which We put forward t o mankind t hat t hey may reflect .) (22. He is Allah, beside Whom La ilaha illa Huwa, t he All-Knower of t he unseen and t he seen. He is t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.) (23. He is Allah, beside Whom La ilaha illa Huwa, Al-Malik, Al-Quddus, As-Salam, Al-Mu` min, Al-Muhaymin, Al-` Aziz, AlJabbar, Al-Mut akabbir. Glory be t o Allah! Above all t hat t hey associat e as part ners wit h Him.) (24. He is Allah, Al-Khaliq, Al-Bari, Al-Musawwir. To Him belong t he Best Names. All t hat is in t he heavens and t he eart h glorify Him. And He is t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.)

Asserting the Greatness of the Qur'an Allah t he Exalt ed emphasizes t he great ness of t he Qur'an, it s high st at us and of being wort hy of making heart s humble and rent asunder upon hearing it , because of t he t rue promises and sure t hreat s t hat it cont ains,

ゅ⇔バ͡ゼ⇒∠カ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ゲ∠ ャｚ モ ∃ ら∠ ィ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや る͡ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ∇リョあ ゅ⇔ハあギダ ∠ わ∠ ョぁ (Had We sent down t his Qur'an on a mount ain, you would surely have seen it humbling it self and rent asunder by t he fear of Allah.) If t his is t he case wit h a mount ain which is hard and huge, t hat if it was made able t o comprehend and underst and t his Qur'an, will feel humble and crumble from fear of Allah t he Exalt ed, t hen what about you -- O mankind Why do your heart s not feel soft ness and humbleness from t he fear of Allah, even t hough you underst and Allah's command and comprehend His Book This is why Allah said,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲムｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ゅ∠ヰよ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツル∠ モ ⊥ ⇒∠ん∇ョΙ ｘやマ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (Such are t he parables which We put forward t o mankind t hat t hey may reflect .) There is a Hadit h of t he Mut awat ir grade t hat st at es t hat t he Messenger of Allah had someone make him a Minbar. Before t hat , he used t o st and next t o a t ree t runk in t he Masj id t o deliver speeches. So, when t he Minbar was made and placed in t he Masj id, t he Prophet came t o deliver a speech and passed t he t ree t runk, headed t owards t he Minbar, t he t ree t runk st art ed weeping, j ust like an infant . The t ree t runk missed hearing t he remembrance of Allah and t he revelat ion t hat were being recit ed next t o it . In one of t he narrat ions for t his Hadit h, Al-Hasan Al-Basri said aft er narrat ing t he Hadit h, "You - mankind -- are more wort hy t o miss t he Messenger of Allah t han t he t ree t runk!'' t Likewise, t his honorable Ayah asks t hat if t he solid mount ains feel humble and are rent asunder from t he fear of Allah, if it heard Allah's Speech and comprehended it , what about you -- O mankind -- who heard t he Qur'an and underst ood it Allah t he Exalt ed said in anot her Ayah,

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ろバ∠ ト あ ホ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇れゲ∠ Βあ シ ⊥ ゅ⇔ルへ∇ゲホ⊥ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ∠ ヤあミ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや (And if t here had been a Qur'an wit h which mount ains could be moved, or t he eart h could be cloven asunder, or t he dead could be made t o speak.)(13:31) We ment ioned t he meaning of t his Ayah as st at ing t hat , if t here were a Qur'an t hat has t hese qualit ies, it would be t his Qur'an. Allah t he Exalt ed said in anot her Ayah,

ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΕ ∠ や ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ⊥ ｚイヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨャ∠ り͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠イエ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゅ∠ヨャ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΒ∠ プ∠ ペ ⊥ ボｚ ゼ ｚ ∠Α ゅ∠ヨャ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ び͡ヮヤｚャや る͡ Β∠ ∇ゼカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ テ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ (And indeed, t here are st ones out of which rivers gush fort h, and indeed, t here are of t hem (st ones) which split asunder so t hat wat er flows from t hem, and indeed, t here are of t hem which fall down for fear of Allah.)(2:74)

Glorifying Allah the Exalted by mentioning His Names and Attributes Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠ハ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ り͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ (He is Allah, beside Whom La ilaha illa Huwa, t he All-Knower of t he unseen and t he seen. He is t he Most Gracious, t he Most Mercif ul.) Allah st at es t hat He Alone is wort hy of worship, t here is no Lord or God for t he exist ence, except Him. All t hat is being worshipped inst ead of Allah are false deit ies. Allah is t he All-Knower in t he unseen and t he seen, He knows all t hat pert ains t o t he creat ions t hat we see, and t hose we cannot see. Not hing in heaven or on eart h ever escapes His knowledge, no mat t er how great or insignificant , big or small, including ant s in darkness. Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ユΒ͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He is t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.) was duly explained before at t he very beginning of t his Tafsir, so it is not necessary t o repeat it here, and it assert s t hat Allah is t he Owner of t he wide encompassing mercy t hat ent ails all of His creat ion. He is Ar-Rahman and Ar-Rahim of t his life and t he Hereaft er. Allah t he Exalt ed said in ot her Ayat ,

び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ∇ろバ∠ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ヴ͡わヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And My mercy embraces all t hings.)(7:156),

び∠るヨ∠ ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Your Lord has writ t en (prescribed) mercy for Himself.)(6:54), and,

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇ヘΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ら͡ プ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ よ͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ (Say: "In t he bount y of Allah, and in His mercy; -- t herein let t hem rej oice.'' That is bet t er t han what (t he wealt h) t hey amass.)(10:58) Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び⊥マヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ

(He is Allah, beside Whom La ilaha illa Huwa, Al-Malik.) Al-Malik, meaning "The Owner and King of all t hings,'' Who has full power over t hem wit hout resist ance or hindrance. Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥サヱぁギボ⊥ ∇ャやぴ (Al-Quddus,) meaning "The Pure,'' according t o Wahb bin Munabbih, while Muj ahid and Qat adah said t hat Al-Quddus means "The Blessed.'' Ibn Jurayj said t hat Al-Quddus means "He Whom t he honorable angels glorify.''

び⊥ユ⇒∠ヤジ ｚ ャやぴ (As-Salam,) meaning "Free from any defect s or short comings t hat lessen or decrease His perfect at t ribut es and act ions.'' Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥リョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやぴ (Al-Mu'min,) means "Who has grant ed safet y t o His servant s by promising t hat He will never be unj ust t o t hem, '' according t o Ad-Dahhak who report ed it from Ibn ` Abbas. Qat adah said t hat Al-Mu'min means t hat "Allah affirms t hat His st at ement s are t rue,'' while Ibn Zayd said t hat it means, "He at t est ed t o His fait hful servant s' having fait h in Him.'' Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥リヨ͡ ∇Βヰ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャやぴ (Al-Muhaymin,) means, according t o Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers, "The Wit ness for His servant s act ions,'' t hat is, t he Ever-Wat cher over t hem. Allah said in similar Ayat ,

び∀ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is Wit ness over all t hings.)(58:6),

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and moreover Allah is Wit ness over what t hey used t o do.)(10:46), and,

び∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ユ͡もべ∠ホ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Is t hen He (Allah) Who t akes charge (guards) of every person and knows all t hat he has earned)(13:33) Allah said,

び⊥ゴΑ͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャやぴ

(Al-` Aziz,) meaning t hat "He is t he Almight y, Dominant over all t hings.'' Therefore, His maj est y is never violat ed, due t o His might , great ness, irresist ible power and pride. Allah said;

び⊥ゲらあ ム∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ケ⊥ ゅｚらイ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (Al-Jabbar, Al-Mut akabbir), meaning "The Only One wort hy of being t he Compeller and Supreme.'' There is a Hadit h in t he Sahih Collect ion in which Allah said,

∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩ヶ͡もや∠キケ͡ ￢⊥ ゅ∠Α͡ゲ∇ら͡ム∇ャや∠ヱ ∩ヵ͡ケや∠コま͡ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヌ ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや» «ヮ⊥わ∇よグｚ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ や⇔ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ ヶ͡レハ ∠ コ∠ ゅ∠ル (Might is My Izar and pride is My Rida; if anyone disput es any one of t hem wit h Me, t hen I will punish him.) Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ぴ (Glory be t o Allah! (High is He) above all t hat t hey associat e as part ners wit h Him.), t hen He said,

び⊥ケヲあ ダ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⊥ ン͡ケゅ∠ら∇ャや ペ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ガ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He is Allah, Al-Khaliq, Al-Bari, Al-Musawwir.) Al-Khaliq refers t o measuring and proport ioning, Al-Bari refers t o invent ing and bringing int o exist ence what He has creat ed and measured. Surely, none except Allah is able t o measure, bring fort h and creat e what ever He wills t o come t o exist ence. Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ケヲあ ダ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⊥ ン͡ケゅ∠ら∇ャや ペ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ガ∇ャやぴ (Al-Khaliq, Al-Bari, Al-Musawwir.) means, if Allah wills somet hing, He merely says t o it "be'' and it comes t o exist ence in t he form t hat He wills and t he shape He chooses,

びマ ∠ ら∠ ミｚ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ゅｚョ り∃ ケ∠ ヲ⊥タ ン あ ぺ∠ ヴ͡プぴ (In what ever form He willed, He put you t oget her.)(82:8) Allah describing Himself as being AlMusawwir, Who brings int o exist ence anyt hing He wills in t he shape and form He decides.

Al-Asma' Al-Husna Allah t he Exalt ed said,

びヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ￢⊥ べ∠ヨ∇シΙ ｘ や ヮ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (To Him belong Al-Asma' Al-Husna (t he Best Names).) We explained t he meaning of t his Ayah in t he Tafsir of Surat Al-A` raf. The Two Sahihs recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅｚャま͡ る⇔ も∠ ゅ͡ョ ∩ゅ⇔ヨ∇シや リ ∠ Β͡バ∇ジゎ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ バ∠ ∇ジゎ͡ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡» ∀ゲ∇ゎ͡ヱ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∠るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ダ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∩や⇔ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ «ゲ∇ゎヲ͡ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ (Allah t he Exalt ed has ninet y-nine Names, one hundred less one; whoever t hen preserves t hem, will ent er Paradise. Allah is Wit r (One) and He likes t he Wit r.)

Everything praises and glorifies Allah Allah's st at ement ,

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (All t hat is in t he heavens and t he eart h glorify Him.) is similar t o His ot her st at ement ,

リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ノ⊥ ∇らｚジャや れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ ゎ⊥ ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ Ι ｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ∠ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ラ͡まヱ∠ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤェ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ エ ∠ Β͡ら∇ジゎ∠ (The seven heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is t herein, glorify Him and t here is not a t hing but glorifies His praise. But you underst and not t heir glorificat ion. Truly, He is Ever Forbearing, Oft --Forgiving.)(17:44) Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ゴΑ͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He is Al-` Aziz) The Almight y, meaning, His great ness is never humbled,

び⊥ユΒ͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ

(Al-Hakim) t he All-Wise, in His legislat ion and decrees This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat AlHashr. All praise is due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Mumtahanah (Chapter - 60) Which was revealed in Al-Madinah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

∇ユミ⊥ ｚヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ンあヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ り͡ キｚ ヲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇ヤゎ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚΑま͡ヱ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ヴ͡ヤΒ͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ や⇔キゅ∠ヰィ ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ィゲ∠ カ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ り͡ キｚ ヲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲジ ͡ ゎ⊥ ヴ͡ゎゅ∠ッ∇ゲョ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや∠ヱ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ヤ∇ハぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βヘ∠ ∇カぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘボ∠ ∇んΑ∠ ラ͡ま - モ ͡ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや ￢∠ へ∠ヲシ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ￢͡ ヲぁジャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥トジ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ギ∇ハぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヨ⊥ ⇒∠ェ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ヘ∠ レ∠ゎ リ∠ャ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱぁキヱ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ⊥ダ ͡ ∇ヘΑ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ び ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ (1. O you who believe! Take not My enemies and your enemies as prot ect ing friends, showing affect ion t owards t hem, while t hey have disbelieved in what has come t o you of t he t rut h, and have driven out t he Messenger and yourselves because you believe in Allah, your Lord! If you have come fort h t o st rive in My cause and t o seek My good pleasure. You show friendship t o t hem in secret , while I am All-Aware of what you conceal and what you reveal. And whosoever of you (Muslims) does t hat , t hen indeed he has gone (far) ast ray from t he st raight pat h.) (2. Should t hey gain t he upper hand over you, t hey would behave t o you as enemies, and st ret ch

fort h t heir hands and t heir t ongues against you wit h evil, and t hey desire t hat you should disbelieve.) (3. Neit her your relat ives nor your children will benefit you on t he Day of Resurrect ion. He will j udge bet ween you. And Allah is t he All-Seer of what you do.)

Reason behind revealing Surat Al-Mumtahanah The st ory of Hat ib bin Abi Balt a` ah is t he reason behind revealing t he beginning of t his honorable Surah. Hat ib was among t he Early Emigrant s and part icipat ed in t he bat t le of Badr. Hat ib had children and wealt h in Makkah, but he was not from t he t ribe of Quraysh. Rat her, he was an ally of ` Ut hman. When t he Messenger of Allah decided t o conquer Makkah, aft er it s people broke t he peace t reat y bet ween t hem, he ordered t he Muslims t o mobilize t heir forces t o at t ack Makkah, and t hen said,

«ゅ∠ルゲ∠ ら∠ カ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユあ ハ ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや» (O Allah! Keep our news concealed from t hem.) Hat ib wrot e a let t er and sent it t o t he people of Makkah, wit h a woman from t he t ribe of Quraysh, informing t hem of t he Messenger's int ent t o at t ack t hem. He want ed t hem t o be indebt ed t o him ぴso t hat t hey would grant safet y t o his family in Makkahび. Allah t he Exalt ed conveyed t his mat t er t o His Messenger , because He accept ed t he Prophet 's invocat ion ぴt o Him t o conceal t he news of t he at t ackび. The Prophet sent someone aft er t he woman and ret rieved t he let t er. This st ory is collect ed in t he Two Sahihs. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Hasan bin Muhammad bin ` Ali said t hat ` Abdullah bin Abu Rafi` -or Ubaydullah bin Abu Rafi` -- said t hat he heard ` Ali say, "Allah's Messenger sent me, Zubayr and Al-Miqdad saying,

る⇔ レ∠ Β͡バニ ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ォ ∃ ゅ∠カ る∠ ッ ∠ ∇ヱケ∠ やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ やヲ⊥ボヤ͡ト ∠ ∇ルや» «ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グガ ⊥ プ∠ ∀ゆゅ∠わ͡ミ ゅ∠ヰ∠バ∠ョ (Proceed unt il you reach Rawdat Khakh, where t here is a lady carrying a let t er. Take t hat let t er from her.) So we proceeded on our way, wit h our horses galloping, unt il we reached t he Rawdah. There we found t he lady and said t o her, ` Take out t he let t er.' She said, ` I am not carrying a let t er.' We said, ` Take out t he let t er, or else we will t ake off your clot hes.' So she t ook it out of her braid, and we brought t he let t er t o Allah's Messenger . The let t er was addressed from Hat ib bin Abu Balt a` ah t o some pagans of Makkah, t elling t hem about what Allah's Messenger int ended t o do. Allah's Messenger said,

«∨や∠グワ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩⊥ょデ ͡ ゅ∠ェ ゅ∠Α» (O Hat ib! What is t his) Hat ib replied, ` O Allah's Messenger! Do not make a hast y decision about me. I was a person not belonging t o Quraysh, but I was an ally t o t hem. All t he Emigrant s who were wit h you have kinsmen (in Makkah) who can prot ect t heir families. So I want ed t o do t hem a favor, so t hey might prot ect my relat ives, as I have no blood relat ion wit h t hem. I did not do t his out of disbelief or t o renegade from my religion, nor did I do it t o choose disbelief aft er Islam.' Allah's Messenger said t o his Companions,

«ユ⊥ムホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡» (Regarding him, he has t old you t he t rut h.) ` Umar said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Allow me t o chop off t he head of t his hypocrit e!' The Prophet said,

ヴ∠ャま͡ ノ∠ ヤ∠デ ｚ やぶ ∠ やモ ｚ バ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ Α͡ケ∇ギΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩やケ⇔ ∇ギよ∠ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡» «ユ⊥ムャ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ビ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ゅ∠ョ やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハや:メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ケ∃ ∇ギよ∠ モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ (He at t ended Badr. What can I t ell you, perhaps Allah looked at t hose who at t ended Badr and said, "O t he people of Badr, do what you like, for I have forgiven you.'')'' The Group wit h t he except ion of Ibn Maj ah, collect ed t his Hadit h using various chains of narrat ion t hat included Sufyan bin ` Uyaynah. Al-Bukhari added in his narrat ion in t he chapt er on t he Prophet 's bat t les, "Then Allah revealed t he Surah,

∇ユミ⊥ ｚヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ンあヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び∠￢べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ (O you who believe! Take not my enemies and your enemies as prot ect ing friends...) '' AlBukhari said in anot her part of his Sahih, ` Amr (one of t he narrat ors of t he Hadit h) said, "This Ayah,

∇ユミ⊥ ｚヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ンあヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び∠￢べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ (O you who believe! Take not my enemies and your enemies as prot ect ing friends'...) was revealed about Hat ib, but I do not know if t he Ayah was ment ioned in t he Hadit h (or was added as an explanat ion by one of t he narrat ors).'' Al-Bukhari also said t hat ` Ali bin Al-Madini said t hat Sufyan bin ` Uyaynah was asked, "Is t his why t his Ayah,

び∠￢べΒ∠ ャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ｚヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ンあヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (O you who believe! Take not my enemies and your enemies as prot ect ing friends.) was revealed'' Sufyan said, "This is t he narrat ion t hat I collect ed from ` Amr, I did not leave a let t er out of it . I do not know if anyone else memorized t he same words for it .''

The Command to have Enmity towards the Disbelievers and to abandon supporting Them Allah's st at ement ,

∇ユミ⊥ ｚヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ンあヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅヨ∠ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ り͡ キｚ ヲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇ヤゎ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ びあペエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ (O you who believe! Take not My enemies and your enemies as prot ect ing friends showing affect ion t owards t hem, while t hey have disbelieved in what has come t o you of t he t rut h,) refers t o t he idolat ors and t he disbelievers who are combat ant s against Allah, His Messenger and t he believers. It is t hey whom Allah has decided should be our enemies and should be fought . Allah has forbidden t he believers t o t ake t hem as friends, support ers or companions. Allah t he Exalt ed said in anot her Ayah ,

∠キヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚ ャや∠ヱ び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ (O you who believe! Take not t he Jews and t he Christ ians as prot ect ing friends, t hey are but prot ect ing friends of each ot her. And if any among you t akes t hem (as such), t hen surely, he is one of t hem.) (5:51) This Ayah cont ains a st ern warning and a sure t hreat . Allah t he Exalt ed said,

∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ や リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ リ͡ョ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ら͡バャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ び (O you who believe! Take not as prot ect ing friends t hose who t ake your religion as a mockery and fun from among t hose who received t he Script ure before you, nor from among t he disbelievers; and have Taqwa of Allah if you indeed are t rue believers.) (5:57)

￢∠ べΒ∠ ャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ ぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ び ゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ (O you who believe! Take not for prot ect ing friends disbelievers inst ead of believers. Do you wish t o offer Allah a manifest proof against yourselves) (4:144) and,

ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや グ͡ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ Ι ｚぴ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや び⊥ヮ∠ジ∇ヘ∠ル ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ケあグエ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ま͡ (Let not t he believers t ake t he disbelievers as prot ect ing friends inst ead of t he believers, and whoever does t hat will never be helped by Allah in any way, except if you indeed fear a danger from t hem. And Allah warns you against Himself (His punishment ).) (3:28) This is why Allah's Messenger accept ed Hat ib's excuse when he said t hat he only want ed t o have a favor on t he Quraysh, because of t he propert y and family members he left behind in Makkah. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚΑま͡ヱ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ぴ (and have driven out t he Messenger and yourselves ( from your homeland)) follows His encouragement t o fight against t hem and t o avoid being t heir support ers. This is because t hey expelled t he Messenger and his Companions on account of t heir hat red for Tawhid and worshipping Allah alone in sincerit y. This is why Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺぴ (because you believe in Allah, your Lord!) meaning, ` your only fault is t hat you believed in Allah, Lord of all t hat exist s.' Allah t he Exalt ed said in ot her Ayat ,

ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨボ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ギ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや (And t hey had no fault except t hat t hey believed in Allah, Almight y, Al-Hamid!) (85:8) and,

ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ペ ｙェ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ユ͡ワゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ び⊥ヮヤｚャや ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ (Those who have been expelled from t heir homes unj ust ly only because t hey said: "Our Lord is Allah.'') (22:40) Allah said,

∠￢べ∠ピ͡わ∇よや∠ヱ ヴ͡ヤΒ͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ や⇔キゅ∠ヰィ ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ィゲ∠ カ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡まぴ びヴ͡ゎゅ∠ッ∇ゲョ∠ (If you have come fort h t o st rive in My cause and t o seek My good pleasure.) Allah says, ` if you are as described here, t hen do not t ake t he disbelievers as support ers. If you migrat ed in Jihad for My cause and for seeking My pleasure, t hen do not t ake My enemies and your enemies as prot ect ing friends, aft er t hey expelled you from your homes and propert y in rage against you and rej ect ion of your religion.' Allah's st at ement ,

べ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βヘ∠ ∇カぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ り͡ キｚ ヲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲジ ͡ ゎ⊥ ぴ び∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ヤ∇ハぺ∠ (You show friendship t o t hem in secret , while I am All-Aware of what you conceal and what you reveal.) Allah asks, ` do you do t his while I know t he secret s of t he heart s, t he int ent ions and all apparent t hings,'

ラ͡みヤ͡Β͡らジ ｚ ャや ￢∠ へ∠ヲシ ∠ モ ｚッ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥トジ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ギ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲル⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘボ∠ ∇んΑ∠ び͡￢ヲぁジャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ (And whosoever of you does t hat , t hen indeed he has gone ast ray from t he st raight pat h. Should t hey gain t he upper hand over you, t hey would behave t o you as enemies, and st ret ch fort h t heir hands and t heir t ongues against you wit h evil,) meaning, ` if t hey gain t he upper hand over you, t hey would use every t ype of harm in t heir disposal t o hurt you in words and act ion,'

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱぁキヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey desire t hat you should disbelieve.) meaning, ` t hey are eager t hat you do not earn any good. Therefore, t heir enmit y t o you is out ward and inward, so how can you become support ers of t his t ype of people' This also encourages t he enmit y. Allah's st at ement ,

る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヨ⊥ ⇒∠ェ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ヘ∠ レゎ∠ リ∠ャぴ び ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ⊥ダ ͡ ∇ヘΑ∠ (Neit her your relat ives nor your children will benefit you on t he Day of Resurrect ion. He will j udge bet ween you. And Allah is t he All-Seer of what you do.) means, ` your family relat ions will not benefit you wit h Allah if Allah decided t o cause harm your way. Your relat ions will not benefit you if you please t hem wit h what angers Allah.' Those who agree wit h t heir family being disbelievers in order t o please t hem will have earned loss and failure and t heir deeds will be rendered invalid. Their relat ion will not benefit t hem wit h Allah, even if t heir relat ion was wit h a Prophet . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas said t hat a man said, "O Allah's Messenger! Where is my fat her'' He said,

«ケゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ» (In t he Fire.) When t he man went away, t he Prophet called him back and said:

«ケゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ポ ∠ ゅ∠よぺ∠ヱ∠ ヶ͡よぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» (Verily, my fat her and your fat her are in t he Fire.) Muslim and Abu Dawud also collect ed t his Hadit h.

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ͡プ る∀ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∀り∠ヲ∇シぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ∇やぼへ￢∠ゲよ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま ∇ユヰ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ や∠ギよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ツ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ り⊥ ∠ヱや∠ギ∠バ∇ャや マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シΙ ∂ ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケｚ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ゅレ∠ ∇ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ - ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らル∠ ぺ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚま͡ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや∠ヱ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨャあ る∀ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∀り∠ヲ∇シぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠

ヴ ぁ レ͡ ピ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ メ ｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや び ギ⊥ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや (4. Indeed t here has been an excellent example for you in Ibrahim and t hose wit h him, when t hey said t o t heir people: "Verily, we are free from you and what ever you worship besides Allah, we have rej ect ed you, and t here has st art ed bet ween us and you, host ilit y and hat red forever unt il you believe in Allah alone,'' -- except t he saying of Ibrahim t o his fat her: "Verily, I will ask forgiveness for you, but I have no power t o do anyt hing for you before Allah.'' "Our Lord! In You we put our t rust , and t o You we t urn in repent ance, and t o You is t he final Ret urn.'') (5. "Our Lord! Make us not a t rial for t he disbelievers, and forgive us, Our Lord! Verily, You, only You, are t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.'') (6. Cert ainly, t here has been in t hem an excellent example for you t o follow - for t hose who look forward t o (t he meet ing wit h) Allah and t he Last Day. And whosoever t urns away, t hen verily, Allah is Al-Ghani, Al-Hamid.)

The Good Example of Ibrahim and His Followers, when They disowned Their Disbelieving People Allah t he Exalt ed says t o His fait hful servant s, whom He commanded t o disown t he disbelievers, t o be enemies wit h t hem, and t o dist ant t hemselves and separat e from t hem:

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ͡プ る∀ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∀り∠ヲ∇シぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ び⊥ヮバ∠ ョ∠ (Indeed t here has been an excellent example for you in Ibrahim and t hose wit h him,) meaning, his followers who believed in him,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ∇やぼへ￢∠ゲよ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま ∇ユヰ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ (when t hey said t o t heir people: "Verily we are free from you...'') meaning, ` we disown you,'

び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and what ever you worship besides Allah: we rej ect ed you,) meaning, ` we disbelieve in your religion and way,'

び⇔やギ∠よぺ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ツ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ り⊥ ヱ∠ や∠ギバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ や∠ギよ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t here has st art ed bet ween us and you, host ilit y and hat red forever) meaning, ` Animosit y and enmit y have appeared bet ween us and you from now and as long as you remain on your disbelief; we will always disown you and hat e you,'

び⊥ロギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il you believe in Allah alone,) meaning, ` unless, and unt il, you worship Allah alone wit hout part ners and disbelieve in t he idols and rivals t hat you worship besides Him.' Allah's st at ement ,

び∠マャ∠ ラ ｚ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シΙ ∂ ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except t he saying of Ibrahim t o his fat her: "Verily, I will ask forgiveness (from Allah) for you...'') means, ` you have a good example in Ibrahim and his people; as for Ibrahim's prayers for Allah his fat her, it was a promise t hat he made for his fat her.' When Ibrahim became sure t hat his fat her was an enemy of Allah, he declared himself innocent of him. Some of t he believers used t o invoke Allah for t heir parent s who died as disbelievers, begging Him t o forgive t hem. They did so claiming t hat Ibrahim used t o invoke Allah t o forgive his fat her. Allah t he Exalt ed said in reply,

∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヴ あ ら͡ レｚヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ∠よ∇ゲホ⊥ ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヘ∇ピわ͡ ∇シや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒エ ∠ ∇タぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ロ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ べ∠ワギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ギ∠ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョｚ リ∠ハ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ∀ロやｚヱ∠Ε ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ぺ∠ゲｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ヱｘ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ェ (It is not for t he Prophet and t hose who believe t o ask Allah's forgiveness for t he idolat ors, even t hough t hey be of kin, aft er it has become clear t o t hem t hat t hey are t he dwellers of t he Fire (because t hey died in a st at e of disbelief). And Ibrahim's request for his fat her's forgiveness was only because of a promise he made t o him .But when it became clear t o him t hat he was an enemy of Allah, he dissociat ed himself from him. Verily, Ibrahim was Awwah and was forbearing.) (9:113-114) Allah said here,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ͡プ る∀ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∀り∠ヲ∇シぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ∇やぼへ￢∠ゲよ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま ∇ユヰ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ (Indeed t here has been an excellent example for you in Ibrahim and t hose wit h him, when t hey said t o t heir people: "Verily, we are free from you...'') unt il,

マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シΙ ∂ ヮ͡ Β͡よΙ ６ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ (... except t he saying of Ibrahim t o his fat her: "Verily, I will ask forgiveness for you, but I have no power t o do anyt hing for you before Allah.'') meaning, ` You cannot follow Ibrahim's example as proof in t he case ment ioned here, as being allowed t o ask Allah t o forgive t hose who died on Shirk.' This is t he saying of Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Qat adah, Muqat il bin Hayyan, Ad-Dahhak and several ot hers. Allah t he Exalt ed said t hat Ibrahim and his companions, who part ed wit h t heir people and disowned t heir way, said aft erwards, while invoking Allah in humilit y and submission,

び⊥ゲΒ͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らル∠ ぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケｚ ぴ (Our Lord! In You we put our t rust , and t o You we t urn in repent ance, and t o You is t he final Ret urn.) meaning, ` we t rust in You for all mat t ers, we surrender all of our affairs t o You, and t o You is t he final Ret urn in t he Hereaft er,'

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord! Make us not a t rial for t he disbelievers,) Muj ahid said, "It means, ` Do not punish us by t heir hands, nor wit h a punishment from You.' Or t hey will say, ` Had t hese people been following t he t rut h, t he t orment would not have st ruck t hem'.'' Ad-Dahhak said somet hing similar. Qat adah said, "Do not give t he disbelievers vict ory over us, t hus subj ect ing us t o t rials by t heir hands. Surely, if You do so, t hey would t hen t hink t hat t hey were given vict ory over us because t hey are on t he t rut h.'' This is t he meaning t hat Ibn Jarir preferred. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas: "Do not give t hem dominance over us, lest we suffer t rials by t heir hands.'' Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ユΒ͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや∠ヱぴ (and forgive us, Our Lord! Verily, You, only You, are t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.) means, ` cover our mist akes from being exposed t o ot her t han You, and forgive us for what (sin) is bet ween us and You.'

び⊥ゴΑ͡ゴバ∠ ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, You, only You, are t he Almight y,) ` and t hose who seek refuge in Your maj est y are never dealt wit h unj ust ly,'

び⊥ユΒ͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャやぴ (t he All-Wise.) ` in Your st at ement s, act ions, legislat ion and decrees.' Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨャあ ∀るレ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∀り∠ヲ∇シぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ び∠ゲカ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや (Cert ainly, t here has been in t hem an excellent example for you t o follow -- for t hose who look forward t o (t he meet ing wit h) Allah and t he Last Day.) assert ing what He has said before wit h t he exempt ion ment ioned, i.e., t he good example t hat Allah ment ioned before,

び∠ゲカ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ヨャあぴ (for t hose who look forward t o Allah and t he Last Day.) t hus encouraging t he believers who believe in Allah and t he Ret urn t o Him. Allah said,

びｚメヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever t urns away) meaning, from what Allah has ordained,

び⊥ギΒ͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ぁ レ͡ ピ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (verily, Allah is Al-Ghani, Al-Hamid.) Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ び∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ヴ ｘ レ͡ ピ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや (If you disbelieve, you and all on t he eart h t oget her, t hen verily! Allah is Ghani, Hamid.) (14:8) ` Ali bin Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas,

びｘヴレ͡ ピ∠ ャ∠ぴ "(Ghani) is t he One Who is perfect ly rich.'' That is Allah. This is Allah's at t ribut e t hat He alone is wort hy of being described by; surely, He has no equal, none like unt o Him. All praise is due t o Allah, t he One, t he Irresist ible.

び∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ぴ (Hamid) means, t he praisewort hy, in all His st at ement s and act ions, t here is no (t rue) God except Him alone.

ユ⊥わ∇Αキ∠ ゅ∠ハ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ジハ ∠ぴ Ι ｚ - ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ り⇔ キｚ ヲ∠ ョｚ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョあ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇レΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ト͡ジ∇ボゎ⊥ ∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱぁゲら∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ びリ ∠ Β͡トジ ͡ ∇ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ⇒∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇カま͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヰ∠ ⇒∠ニヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リあョ ユ⊥ミヲ⊥ィゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ (7. Perhaps Allah will make friendship bet ween you and t hose whom you hold as enemies. And Allah has power (over all t hings), and Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (8. Allah does not forbid you t o deal j ust ly and kindly wit h t hose who fought not against you on account of religion nor drove you out of your homes. Verily, Allah loves t hose who deal wit h equit y.) (9. It is only as regards t hose who fought against you on account of religion, and have driven you out of your homes, and helped t o drive you out , t hat Allah forbids you t o befriend t hem. And whosoever will befriend t hem, t hen such are t he wrongdoers.)

Perhaps Allah will make a Friendship between You and Those, whom You hold as Enemies Allah said t o His fait hful servant s, aft er ordering t hem t o be enemies wit h t he disbelievers,

ユ⊥わ∇Αキ∠ ゅ∠ハ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠ジハ ∠ぴ び⇔りキｚ ヲ∠ ョｚ ユ⊥ヰ∇レョあ (Perhaps Allah will make friendship bet ween you and t hose, whom you hold as enemies.) meaning affect ion aft er animosit y, t enderness aft er coldness and coming t oget her aft er part ing from each ot her,

び∀ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ

(And Allah has power (over all t hings),) Allah is able t o gat her opposit es and bring t oget her heart s, aft er feeling host ilit y and hardness. In t his case, t he heart s will come t oget her in agreement , j ust as Allah said when He ment ioned His favor on t he Ansar,

ブ ∠ ャｚほ∠プ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ギ∇ハぺ∠ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ∇クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルや∠ヲ∇カま͡ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥わ∇エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ びゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∇ユミ⊥ グ∠ ボ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ り∃ ゲ∠ ∇ヘェ ⊥ ゅ∠ヘセ ∠ (And remember Allah's favor on you, for you were enemies one t o anot her but He j oined your heart s t oget her, so t hat , by His grace, you became bret hren and were on t he brink of a pit of Fire, and He saved you from it .) (3:103) Also t he Prophet said t o t hem,

∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡よ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ミ⊥ や∠ギヰ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ャゅｚヤッ ⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ギィ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠» «∨ヶ͡よ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ヘ∠ ャｚほ∠プ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ホゲあ ヘ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ (Did I not find you misguided, and Allah guided you t hrough me; and divided, and Allah unit ed ぴyour heart sび t hrough me) Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや マ ∠ ら∠ ∇ジェ ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ブ ∠ ャｚぺ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダレ∠ よ͡ ポ ∠ ギ∠ Αｚ ぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ろ ∠ ∇ヘャｚぺ∠ べｚョ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ろ ∠ ∇ボヘ∠ ルぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ブ ∠ ャｚぺ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ (He it is Who has support ed you wit h His help and wit h t he believers. And He has unit ed t heir heart s. If you had spent all t hat is in t he eart h, you could not have unit ed t heir heart s, but Allah has unit ed t hem. Cert ainly He is Almight y, All-Wise.) (8:62,63) And in t he Hadit h:

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ∠ジバ∠ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ョ ゅ⇔ル∇ヲワ∠ マ ∠ ら∠ Β͡らェ ∠ ∇ょら͡ ∇ェぺ∠» ∩ゅ∠ョ ゅ⇔ル∇ヲワ∠ マ ∠ツ ∠ Β͡ピよ∠ ∇ヂピ͡ ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ョ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ツ ∠ Β͡ピよ∠ «ゅ∠ョ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ ら∠ Β͡らェ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ∠ジバ∠ プ∠

(Love your loved one moderat ely, because one day, he might become your enemy. Hat e your hat ed one moderat ely, because one day, he might become your loved one.) Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) means, Allah forgives t he disbelief of t he disbelievers if t hey repent from it , ret urned t o t heir Lord and surrendered t o Him in Islam. Surely, He is t he Oft -Forgiving, t he Most -Merciful t o t hose who repent t o Him from t heir sins, no mat t er what t ype of t he sin it is.

The Permissibility of being Kind to Disbelievers who do not fight against the Religion And Allah's statement;

リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇レΑ∠ Ι ｚぴ び∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ (Allah does not forbid you wit h t hose who fought not against you on account of religion nor drove you out of your homes,) means, t hose who did not have a role in your expulsion. Therefore, Allah does not forbid you from being kind t o t he disbelievers who do not fight you because of t he religion, such as women and weak disbelievers,

び∇ユワ⊥ ヱぁゲら∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ (t o deal kindly) t o be gent le wit h t hem,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥トジ ͡ ∇ボゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and j ust ly wit h t hose) t o be fair wit h t hem

び∠リΒ͡トジ ͡ ∇ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah loves t hose who deal wit h equit y.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Asma' bint Abu Bakr said, "My mot her, who was an idolat ress at t he t ime, came t o me during t he Treat y of Peace, t he Prophet conduct ed wit h t he Quraysh. I came t o t he Prophet and said, ` O Allah's Messenger! My mot her came visit ing, desiring somet hing from me, should I t reat her wit h good relat ions' The Prophet said,

«マｚョぺ⊥ ヶ͡ヤタ ͡ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » (Yes. Keep good relat ion wit h your mot her.)'' The Two Sahihs recorded t his Hadit h. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Zubayr said, "Qut aylah came visit ing her daught er, Asma'

bint Abi Bakr, wit h some gift s, such as Dibab, cheese and clarified (cooking) but t er, and she was an idolat ress at t hat t ime. Asma' refused t o accept her mot her's gift s and did not let her ent er her house. ` A'ishah asked t he Prophet about his verdict and Allah sent down t he Ayah,

び͡リΑあギャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇レΑ∠ Ι ｚぴ (Allah does not forbid you wit h t hose who fought not against you on account of religion) unt il t he end of t he Ayah. Allah's Messenger ordered Asma' t o accept her mot her's gift s and t o let her ent er her house.'' Allah's st at ement ,

び∠リΒ͡トジ ͡ ∇ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Allah loves t hose who deal wit h equit y.) was duly explained in t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Huj urat . We also ment ioned t he aut hent ic Hadit h,

リ ͡ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ケ∃ ヲ⊥ル ∇リョ͡ ゲ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レョ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥トジ ͡ ∇ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや» ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ャゅ∠ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ムェ ⊥ ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∩͡ス∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや «やヲ⊥ャヱ∠ (The j ust , who are fair in t heir decisions, families and t hose under t heir aut horit y, will be on podiums made of light , t o t he right of t he Throne.)

The Prohibition of being Kind towards Combatant Disbelievers Allah's st at ement ,

リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ⇒∠ホ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇カま͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヰ∠ ⇒∠ニヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リあョ ユ⊥ミヲ⊥ィゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ び∇ユワ⊥ ∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ (It is only as regards t hose who fought against you on account of religion, and have driven you out of your homes, and helped t o drive you out t hat Allah forbids you t o befriend t hem.) (60:9) means, ` Allah forbids you from being kind and befriending wit h t he disbelievers who are openly host ile t o you, t hose who fought against you, expelled you and helped t o expel you. Allah t he Exalt ed forbids you from being t heir friends and orders you t o be t heir enemy.' Then Allah st resses His t hreat against being friends wit h t hem, by saying,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever will befriend t hem, t hen such are t he wrongdoers.) As He said;

∠キヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚ ャや∠ヱ ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや (O you who believe! Take not t he Jews and t he Christ ians as prot ect ing friends, t hey are but prot ect ing friends of each ot her. And if any among you t akes t hem (as prot ect ing friends), t hen surely, he is one of t hem. Verily, Allah guides not t hose people who are t he wrongdoers) (5:51)

ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡みよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥レエ ͡ わ∠ ∇ョゅ∠プ れ ∃ ゲ∠ イ ͡ ⇒∠ヰョ⊥ Ι ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∃ろ⇒∠レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ヨ͡ヤ∠ハ べｚョ ユ⊥ワヲ⊥ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁヤエ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ モ ｘェ ͡ ｚリワ⊥ へ∠クま͡ ｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥エム͡ レ∠ゎ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ ゲ͡ プ͡ や∠ヲム∠ ∇ャや ユ͡ ダ ∠ バ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ムジ ͡ ∇ヨゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ｚリワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ ユ⊥ ∇ムェ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇シや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠プ ラ͡まヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ゎべ∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らボ∠ ⇒∠バプ∠ ゲ͡ ⇒ｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ン͡グャｚや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ∇ろら∠ ワ∠ ク∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ

(10. O you who believe! When believing women come t o you as emigrant s, examine t hem; Allah knows best as t o t heir fait h, t hen if you ascert ain t hat t hey are t rue believers, send t hem not back t o t he disbelievers. They are not lawful for t he disbelievers nor are t he disbelievers lawful for t hem. But give t hem (disbelievers) t hat which t hey have spent (on t heir dowery). And t here will be no sin on you t o marry t hem if you have paid t heir due t o t hem. Likewise do not keep t he disbelieving women, and ask for t hat which you have spent (on t heir dowery) and let t hem (t he disbelievers) ask for t hat which t hey have spent . That is t he j udgement of Allah, He j udges bet ween you. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.) (11. And if any of your wives have gone from you t o t he disbelievers t hen you succeed over t hem (gain vict ory); t hen pay t hose whose wives have gone, t he equivalent of what t hey had spent . And have Taqwa of Allah, t he One in Whom you are believers.)

After Al-Hudaybiyyah, Emigrant Muslim Women may not be returned to the Disbelievers Surat Al-Fat h, we relat ed t he st ory of t he t reat y at Al-Hudaybiyyah t hat was conduct ed bet ween t he Messenger of Allah and t he disbelievers of Quraysh. In t hat t reat y, t here were t hese words, "Everyman (in anot her narrat ion, every person) who revert s from our side t o your side, should be ret urned t o us, even if he is a follower of your religion.'' This was said by ` Urwah, Ad-Dahhak, ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd, Az-Zuhri, Muqat il bin Hayyan and As-Suddi. So according t o t his narrat ion, t his Ayah specifies and explains t he Sunnah. And t his is t he best case of underst anding. Yet according t o anot her view of some of t he Salaf, it abrogat es it . Allah t he Exalt ed and Most High ordered His fait hful servant s t o t est t he fait h of women who emigrat e t o t hem. When t hey are sure t hat t hey are fait hful, t hey should not send t hem back t o t he disbelievers, for t he disbelievers are not allowed for t hem and t hey are not allowed for t he disbelievers. In t he biography of ` Abdullah bin Abi Ahmad bin Jahsh in Al-Musnad Al-Kabir, we also ment ioned t hat ` Abdullah bin Abi Ahmad said, "Umm Kult hum bint ` Uqbah bin Abi Mu` ayt emigrat ed and her brot hers, ` Umarah and Al-Walid, went aft er her. They came t o Allah's Messenger and t alked t o him about Umm Kult hum and asked t hat she be ret urned t o t hem. Allah abolished t he part of t he t reat y bet ween t he Prophet and t he idolat ors about t he women part icularly. So He forbade ret urning Muslim women t o t he idolat ors and revealed t he Ayah about t est ing t hem.'' Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, about Allah's saying:

ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ びｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥レエ ͡ わ∠ ∇ョゅ∠プ れ ∃ ゲ∠ イ ͡ ⇒∠ヰョ⊥ (O you who believe! When believing women come t o you as emigrant s, examine t hem;) "Their examinat ion was asking t hem t o t est ify t o La ilaha illallah, and t hat Muhammad is Allah's servant and His Messenger.'' Muj ahid explained t he Ayah,

びｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥レエ ͡ わ∠ ∇ョゅ∠プぴ (examine t hem) by saying, "Ask t hem why t hey migrat ed. If t hey came because t hey were angry wit h t heir husbands, or for any ot her reason, and you realized t hat t hey did not embrace t he fait h, t hen send t hem back t o t heir husbands.'' Allah's st at ement ,

ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∃ろ⇒∠レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ヨ͡ヤ∠ハ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ぴ び͡ケゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや (t hen if you ascert ain t hat t hey are t rue believers, send t hem not back t o t he disbelievers.) This Ayah indicat es t hat fait h can be recognized and affirmed.

The Believing Woman is prohibited from marrying an Idolator and the Believing Man is prohibited from marrying the Idolatress Allah's st at ement ,

びｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁヤエ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ モ ｘェ ͡ ｚリワ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (They are not lawful for t he disbelievers nor are t he disbelievers lawful for t hem.) This Ayah forbids Muslim women for idolat ors, which was a lawful marriage in t he beginning of Islam. Abu Al-` As bin Ar-Rabi` was married t o Zaynab, t he Prophet 's daught er. She was a Muslim, while Abu Al-` As was st ill an idolat or like his people. When he was capt ured during t he bat t le of Badr, his wife, Zaynab, sent his ransom, a necklace t hat belonged t o t he Prophet 's first wife Khadij ah. The Prophet became very emot ional when he saw t he necklace and said t o t he Companions,

«やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇プゅ∠プ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ Β͡シぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ やヲ⊥ボヤ͡∇トゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇ラま͡» (If you decide t o set free t he prisoner who belongs t o her, t hen do so.) They did, and Allah's Messenger set him free. His ransom was t hat he send his wife t o Allah's Messenger . Abu Al-` As fulfilled his promise and sent Zaynab t o Allah's Messenger along wit h Zayd bin Harit hah. Zaynab remained in Al-Madinah aft er t he bat t le of Badr, which t ook place in t he second year of Hij rah, unt il her husband Abu Al-` As bin Ar-Rahi` embraced Islam in t he eight h year aft er t he Hij rah. She ret urned t o t heir marriage wit hout renewing t he dowery. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ べｚョ ユ⊥ワヲ⊥ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (But give t hem t hat which t hey have spent . ) meaning, t he husbands of t he emigrant women who came from t he idolat ors, ret urn t he dowery t hat t hey gave t o t heir wives. This was said by Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Qat adah, Az-Zuhri and several ot hers. Allah's st at ement ,

リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ へ∠クま͡ ｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥エム͡ レ∠ゎ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びｚリワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥

(And t here will be no sin on you t o marry t hem if you have paid t heir due t o t hem.) means, when you wish t o marry t hem, t hen give t hem t heir dowery. That is, marry t hem under t he condit ion t hat t heir ` Iddah (wait ing period) is finished and t hey have a legal guardian for t heir marriage et c. Allah said,

び͡ゲプ͡ や∠ヲム∠ ∇ャや ユ͡ ダ ∠ バ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ムジ ͡ ∇ヨゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Likewise do not keep disbelieving women,) t hus forbidding His fait hful servant s from marrying idolat or women or remaining married t o t hem. In t he Sahih, it is recorded t hat Al-Miswar and Marwan bin Al-Hakam said t hat aft er t he Messenger of Allah conduct ed t he t reat y wit h t he Quraysh idolat ors at Al-Hudaybiyyah, some Muslim women emigrat ed t o him and Allah t he Exalt ed sent down t his Ayah about t hem,

ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び∃れゲ∠ イ ͡ ⇒∠ヰョ⊥ (O you who believe! When believing women come t o you as emigrant s) unt il,

び͡ゲプ͡ や∠ヲム∠ ∇ャや ユ͡ ダ ∠ バ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ムジ ͡ ∇ヨゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Likewise do not keep disbelieving women,) Then ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab divorced t wo of his wives, who were idolat resses, and one of t hem got married t o Mu` awiyah bin Abi Sufyan, while t he ot her got married t o Safwan bin Umayyah. Ibn Thawr narrat ed t hat Ma` mar said t hat AzZuhri said, "This Ayah was revealed t o Allah's Messenger while he was in t he area of AlHudaybiyyah, aft er making peace. He agreed t hat whoever comes from t he Quraysh t o his side, will be ret urned t o Makkah. When some women came, t his Ayah was revealed. Allah commanded t hat t he dowery t hat was paid t o t hese women be ret urned t o t heir husbands. Allah also ordered t hat if some Muslim women revert t o t he side of t he idolat ors, t he idolat ors should ret urn t heir dowery t o t heir Muslim husbands. Allah said,

び͡ゲプ͡ や∠ヲム∠ ∇ャや ユ͡ ダ ∠ バ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ムジ ͡ ∇ヨゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Likewise do not keep disbelieving women).'' Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇シや∠ヱぴ (and ask for t hat which you have spent and let t hem ask for t hat which t hey have spent .) means, ask t hem for what you have paid t o your wives who revert ed t o t he side of t he idolat ors, and t hey are ent it led t o get back t he dowery t hat t hey gave t heir wives who emigrat ed t o t he Muslims. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ∇ムェ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ

(That is t he j udgement of Allah, He j udges bet ween you.) means, t his j udgement about t he t reat y and excluding women from it s clauses, is a decision t hat Allah made for His creat ures,

び∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.) meaning, He knows what benefit s His servant s and is t he Most Wise about t hat . Allah t he Exalt ed said,

∇ユわ⊥ ∇らボ∠ ⇒∠バプ∠ ゲ͡ ⇒ｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠プ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ∇ろら∠ ワ∠ ク∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ゎべ∠プ (And if any of your wives have gone from you t o t he disbelievers -- t hen you succeeded (gained vict ory) over t hem; t hen pay t hose whose wives have gone, t he equivalent of what t hey had spent .) Muj ahid and Qat adah explained t his Ayah, by saying, "This is about t he disbelievers who did not have a t reat y of peace. If a woman flees t o t he disbelievers and t hey do not give back what t hat her husband spent on her, t hen if a women comes t o t hem (t he Muslims) t hey are not t o ret urn t o her husband anyt hing unt il t hey pay t he Muslim whose wife went t o t hem t he equivalent of what he spent . '' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Az-Zuhri said, "The believers abided by Allah's decree and paid what t hey owed t he idolat ors t o compensat e for t he dowery t he idolat ors gave t o t he women (who emigrat ed). However, t he idolat ors refused t o accept Allah's j udgement for what t hey owed t he Muslims. Allah said t o t he fait hful believers,

∇ユわ⊥ ∇らボ∠ ⇒∠バプ∠ ゲ͡ ⇒ｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠プ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ∇ろら∠ ワ∠ ク∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ゎべ∠プ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや (And if any of your wives have gone from you t o t he disbelievers -- t hen you succeeded (gained vict ory) over t hem; t hen pay t hose whose wives have gone, t he equivalent of what t hey had spent . And have Taqwa of Allah, t he One in Whom your are believers.) Therefore, if a Muslim woman revert s t o t he idolat ors, t he believers should give back t he dowery her Muslim husband paid her, from what ever money is left wit h t hem from t he dowery of women who migrat ed t o t he Muslims. They were supposed t o ret urn t his wealt h t o t he idolat or husbands of t hese emigrant women. If t hey st ill have anyt hing t hey owed t he idolat ors, t hen t hey should ret urn it t o t hem.''

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ ∇バΑ͡ ゅ∠らΑ⊥ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ￢∠ べィ ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ リ ∠ Β͡ル∇ゴΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ∇ホゲ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ∇ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ Α͡ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∃リ⇒∠わヰ⊥ ら⊥ ͡よ リ ∠ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ｚリワ⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∇ャ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠

フ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バョ∠ ヴ͡プ マ ∠ レ∠ Β͡ダ∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ヤ͡ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ｚリヰ⊥ ∇バΑ͡ ゅ∠らプ∠ (12. O Prophet ! When t he believing women come t o you pledging t o you t hat t hey will not associat e anyt hing wit h Allah, and t hat t hey will not st eal, and t hat t hey will not commit Zina, and t hat t hey will not kill t heir children, and t hat t hey will not ut t er slander, fabricat ing from bet ween t heir hands and t heir feet , and t hat t hey will not disobey you in Ma` ruf (good), Allah said t o t he fait hful believers,

∇ユわ⊥ ∇らボ∠ ⇒∠バプ∠ ゲ͡ ⇒ｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠プ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ∇ろら∠ ワ∠ ク∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ゎべ∠プ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや (And if any of your wives have gone from you t o t he disbelievers -- t hen you succeeded (gained vict ory) over t hem; t hen pay t hose whose wives have gone, t he equivalent of what t hey had spent . And have Taqwa of Allah, t he One in Whom your are believers.) Therefore, if a Muslim woman revert s t o t he idolat ors, t he believers should give back t he dowery her Muslim husband paid her, from what ever money is left wit h t hem from t he dowery of women who migrat ed t o t he Muslims. They were supposed t o ret urn t his wealt h t o t he idolat or husbands of t hese emigrant women. If t hey st ill have anyt hing t hey owed t he idolat ors, t hen t hey should ret urn it t o t hem.''

The Matters the Women pledged to Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` A'ishah t he wife of t he Prophet said, "Allah's Messenger used t o examine women who migrat ed t o his side according t o t his Ayah,

び∠マレ∠ ∇バΑ͡ ゅ∠らΑ⊥ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅヰ∠ Αぁ ほ∠Αぴ (O Prophet ! When believing women come t o you pledging t o you...) unt il,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)'' ` Urwah said, "` A'ishah said, ` When any believing woman agreed t o t hese condit ions, Allah's Messenger would say t o her,

«マ⊥わ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠よ ∇ギホ∠ »

(I have accept ed your pledge.) but , by Allah, he never t ouched t he hand of any women at all while t aking t he pledge from t hem. He only t ook t heir pledge of allegiance by saying,

«マ͡ャク∠ ヴヤ∠ハ マ ͡ わ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠よ ∇ギホ∠ » (I have accept ed your pledge.)'' This is t he wording of Al-Bukhari. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Umaymah bint Ruqayqah said, "I came t o Allah's Messenger wit h some women t o give him our pledge and he t ook t he pledge from us t hat is ment ioned in t he Qur'an, t hat we associat e none wit h Allah, et c; as in t he Ayah. Then he said,

«リ⊥わ∇ボ∠デ∠ぺ∠ヱ リ ｚ わ⊥ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ» (As much as you can bear t o implement .) We said, ` Surely, Allah and His Messenger are more merciful wit h us t han we are wit h ourselves.' We t hen said, ` O Allah's Messenger, should you not shake hands wit h us' He said,

り∃ ギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ り∃ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョゅ͡ャ ヶ͡ャ∇ヲ∠ホ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∩∠￢ゅ∠ジレあャや ウ ⊥ プ͡ ゅ∠タぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ヶあルま͡» «り∠ぺゲ∠ ∇ョや る͡ も∠ ゅ͡ヨャ͡ ヶ͡ャ∇ヲボ∠ ミ∠ (I do not shake hands wit h women, for my st at ement t o one woman is as sufficient as my st at ement t o a hundred women.)'' This Hadit h has an aut hent ic chain of narrat ion; At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah collect ed it . Al-Bukhari also recorded t hat Umm ` At iyah said, "The Messenger of Allah t ook our pledge and recit ed t o us t he Ayah,

び⇔ゅゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ∇ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺぴ (...t hat t hey will not associat e anyt hing wit h Allah,) and forbade us t o wail for t he dead. Thereupon, a lady wit hdrew her hand saying, ` But such and such lady shared wit h me in lament ing (over one of my relat ives), so I must reward hers.' The Prophet did not obj ect t o t hat , so she went t here and ret urned t o t he Prophet and he accept ed her pledge of allegiance.'' Muslim also collect ed t his Hadit h. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Ubadah bin As-Samit said, "While we were wit h t he Prophet , he said,

ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ やヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥バΑ͡ ゅ∠らゎ⊥ » «∇ユミ⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩やヲ⊥ル∇ゴゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩やヲ⊥ホ͡ゲ∇ジ∠ゎ (Pledge t o me in t hat you will not associat e any wit h Allah, nor st eal, nor commit Zina, nor kill your children.) Then he recit ed t he Ayah t hat begins;

び⊥ろ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ぴ

(when t he believing women come t o you. ..) and t ook t he pledge of allegiance from t he women. He t hen added,

ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィほ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヴ∠プヱ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ » ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ∀り∠ケゅｚヘ∠ミ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ょ ∠ ホ͡ ヲ⊥バプ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇リョ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ロ⊥ ゲ∠ わ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇リョ͡ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ «ヮ∠よグｚ ハ ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ビ ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ∇ラま͡ ∩͡ぶや (Those among you who fulfill t his pledge, will receive t heir reward from Allah. Those who deviat e from any of it and receive t he legal punishment (in t his life), t he punishment will be expiat ion for t hat sin. Whoever deviat es from any of it and Allah screens him, t hen it is up t o Allah t o punish or forgive if He wills.) The Two Sahihs recorded t his Hadit h. Allah's st at ement ,

び∠マレ∠ ∇バΑ͡ ゅ∠らΑ⊥ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O Prophet ! When t he believing women come t o you pledging t o you) means, ` if any woman comes t o you t o give you t he pledge and she accept s t hese condit ions, t hen accept t he pledge from her,'

び∠リ∇ホゲ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ∇ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (t hat t hey will not associat e anyt hing wit h Allah, t hat t hey will not st eal,) meaning, t he propert y of ot her people. In t he case where a husband is not fulfilling his dut y of spending on his wife, t hen she is allowed t o use a part of his wealt h, what is reasonable, t o spend on herself. This is t he case regardless of whet her t he husband knows about his wife's act ions or not , because of t he Hadit h in which Hind bint ` Ut bah said, "O Allah's Messenger! Abu Sufyan is a miser! He does not give me sufficient money for t he living expense of our family and myself. Am I allowed t o secret ly t ake from his money wit hout his knowledge'' Allah's Messenger said t o her,

ヶ͡ヘ∇ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ マ ͡ Β͡ヘ∇ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩͡フヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ョ ∇リョ͡ ヵ͡グカ ⊥» «マΒ͡レよ∠ (You may t ake from what is reasonable and appropriat e for you and your children) This Hadit h was recorded in t he t wo Sahihs. Allah's st at ement ,

び∠リΒ͡ル∇ゴΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (t hey will not commit Zina,) is similar t o His ot her st at ement ,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠シヱ∠ る⇔ ゼ ∠ェ ͡ ゅ∠プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴ∠ルゴあ ャや ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And come not near t o Az-Zina. Verily, it is a Fahishah (immoral act ) and an evil way.) (17:32) A Hadit h collect ed from Samurah ment ions t hat for t he adult erers and fornicat ors t here is a painful t orment in t he fire of Hell. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "Fat imah bint ` Ut bah came t o give her pledge t o Allah's Messenger , who t ook t he pledge from her,

び∠リΒ͡ル∇ゴΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ ∇ホゲ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ∠ ∇ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺぴ (t hat t hey will not associat e anyt hing wit h Allah, t hey will not st eal, t hat t hey will not commit Zina (fornicat ion and adult ery),) Fat imah bashfully placed her hand on her head in shyness. The Prophet liked what she did. ` A'ishah said, ` O woman! Accept t he pledge, because by Allah, we all gave t he pledge t o t he same.' She said, ` Yes t hen,' and she gave her pledge t o t he same t hings ment ioned in t he Ayah.''' Allah's st at ement ,

びｚリワ⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∇ャ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (t hat t hey will not kill t heir children,) includes killing children aft er t hey are born. The people of Jahiliyyah used t o kill t heir children because t hey feared povert y. The Ayah includes killing t he fet us, j ust as some ignorant women do for various evil reasons. Allah's st at ement ,

びｚリヰ͡ ヤ͡ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ Α͡ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∃リ⇒∠わヰ⊥ ら⊥ ͡よ リ ∠ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat t hey will not ut t er slander, fabricat ing from bet ween t heir hands and t heir feet ,) Ibn ` Abbas said, "It means t hat t hey not t o at t ribut e t o t heir husbands ot her t han t heir legit imat e children.'' Muqat il said similarly. Allah's st at ement ,

び∃フヱ⊥ゲ∇バョ∠ ヴ͡プ マ ∠ レ∠ Β͡ダ∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat t hey will not disobey you in Ma` ruf (good),) means, ` t hat t hey will obey you when you order t hem t o do good and forbid t hem from evil.' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about Allah's st at ement ,

び∃フヱ⊥ゲ∇バョ∠ ヴ͡プ マ ∠ レ∠ Β͡ダ∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat t hey will not disobey you in any Ma` ruf (good), ) "This was one of t he condit ions which Allah imposed on t he women. '' Maymun bin Mihran said, "Allah did not order obedience t o His Prophet for ot her t han Ma` ruf, and Ma` ruf is it self obedience.'' Ibn Zayd said, "Allah commanded t hat His Messenger, t he best of His creat ion, be obeyed in t hat which is Ma` ruf.'' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Umm ` At iyah Al-Ansariyah said, "Among t he condit ions included in our pledge t o Allah's Messenger t o good was not t o wail. A woman said, ` So-and-so family brought comfort t o me (by wailing over my dead relat ive), so I will first pay t hem back.' So she went and paid t hem back in t he same (wailed for t heir dead), and t hen came and gave her pledge. Only she and Umm Sulaym bint Milhan, t he mot her of Anas bin Malik, did so.'' Al-Bukhari collect ed t his Hadit h from t he way of Hafsah bint Sirin from Umm ` At iyah Nusaybah Al-

Ansariyah, may Allah be pleased wit h her. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Asid bin Abi Asid AlBarrad said t hat one of t he women who gave t he pledge t o Allah's Messenger said, "Among t he condit ions included in t he pledge t hat t he Messenger t ook from us, is t hat we do not disobey any act of Ma` ruf (good) t hat he ordains. We should neit her scrat ch our faces, pull our hair (in grief), t ear our clot hes nor wail.''

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ∠ ツ ͡ ビ ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ∇リョ͡ ゲ⊥ ⇒ｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ゃ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ジゃ͡ Α∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ び ケ͡ ヲ⊥らボ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ (13. O you who believe! Take not as friends t he people who incurred t he wrat h of Allah. Surely, t hey have despaired of t he Hereaft er, j ust as t he disbelievers have despaired of t hose (buried) in graves.) Just like in t he beginning of t he Surah, Allah t he Exalt ed forbids t aking t he disbelievers as prot ect ing friends at t he end of t he Surah, saying,

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ∠ ツ ͡ ビ ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Αグ͡ ャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (O you who believe! Take not as friends t he people who incurred t he wrat h of Allah.) referring t o t he Jews, Christ ians and t he rest of t he disbelievers whom Allah became angry wit h and cursed. Those who deserved being rej ect ed and banished by Him. (Allah says here), ` how can you become t heir allies, friends and companions, aft er Allah decided t hat t hey earn t he despair of receiving any good or delight s in t he Hereaft er' Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ケヲ⊥らボ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゲ⊥ ⇒ｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ゃ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠ミぴ (j ust as t he disbelievers have despaired of t hose (buried) in graves.) This has t wo possible meanings. First , t he disbelievers despair of ever again meet ing t heir relat ives buried in graves, because t hey do not believe in Resurrect ion or being brought back t o life. Therefore, t hey have no hope t hat t hey will meet t hem again, according t o t heir creed. Secondly, j ust as t he disbelievers who are buried in graves have lost hope in receiving any kind of goodness (i.e., aft er seeing t he punishment and knowing t hat Resurrect ion is t rue). Al-A` mash report ed from Abu Ad-Duha from Masruq t hat Ibn Mas` ud said,

び͡ケヲ⊥らボ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゲ⊥ ⇒ｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ゃ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠ミぴ (j ust as t he disbelievers have despaired of t hose (buried) in graves.) "Just as t he disbeliever despairs when he dies and realizes and knows his (evil) recompense.'' This is t he saying of Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Muqat il, Ibn Zayd, Al-Kalbi and Mansur; Ibn Jarir preferred t his explanat ion. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Mumt ahanah, all praise and t hanks be t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat As-Saff

(Chapter - 61) Which was revealed in Al-Madinah The Virtues of Surat As-Saff Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Salam said, "We asked, ` Who among us should go t o t he Messenger and ask him about t he dearest act ions t o Allah' None among us volunt eered. The Messenger sent a man t o us and t hat man gat hered us and recit ed t his Surah, Surat As-Saff, in it s ent iret y.'''

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ウ ∠ らｚ シ ∠ぴ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ - ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ ゲ͡ ∇ゼエ ∠ ∇ャや メ ͡ ヱｚ Ι ６ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リ͡ョ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ バ∠ ル͡ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲぁレニ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ レレ∠ ニ ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎほ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ヰル⊥ ヲ⊥ダェ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ょ ∠ ∇ハゲぁ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ フ ∠ グ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ͡ わ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ヴ͡ャ∇ヱほ⊥Α ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ わ∠ ∇ハゅ∠プ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユ͡ヰΑ͡ギ∇Α∠ほ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ￢∠ Κ ∠イ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘや - ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グｚ バ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ベ あ べ∠ゼΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲぁホべ∠セ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ (1. What soever is in t he heavens and what soever is on t he eart h glorifies Allah. And He is t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.) (2. O you who believe! Why do you say t hat which you do not do) (3. Most hat eful it is wit h Allah t hat you say t hat which you do not do.) (4. Verily, Allah loves t hose who fight in His cause in rows as if t hey were a solid st ruct ure.)

Chastising Those Who say what They do not do We ment ioned in many a places before t he meaning of Allah's st at ement ,

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ウ ∠ らｚ シ ∠ぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや (What soever is in t he heavens and what soever is on t he eart h glorifies Allah. And He is t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.) Therefore, we do not need t o repeat it s meaning here. Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O you who believe! Why do you say t hat which you do not do) This refut es t hose who neglect t o fulfill t heir promises. This honorable Ayah support s t he view t hat several scholars of t he Salaf held, t hat it is necessary t o fulfill t he promise, regardless of whet her t he promise includes some t ype of wealt h for t he person receiving t he promise or ot herwise. They also argue from t he Sunnah, wit h t he Hadit h recorded in t he Two Sahihs in which Allah's Messenger said,

ゐ ∠ ギｚ ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠ブヤ∠∇カぺ∠ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ や∠クま͡ :∀ゐゅ∠ヤ∠を ペ ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ Α∠ へ» «ラゅ∠カ リ ∠ ヨ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇ぼや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠ゆグ∠ ミ∠ (There are t hree signs for a hypocrit e: when he promises, he breaks his promise; when speaks, he lies; and when he is ent rust ed, he bet rays.) And in anot her Hadit h in t he Sahih,

∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ダャ͡ゅ∠カ ゅ⇔ボプ͡ ゅ∠レョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ｚリミ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ノ∀ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠» ∇リョ͡ る∀ ヤ∠∇ダカ ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ «ゅ∠ヰハ ∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ベ ∃ ゅ∠ヘル͡ (There are four charact erist ics which if one has all of t hem, he is t he pure hypocrit e, and if anyone has any of t hem, he has a charact erist ic of hypocrisy, unt il he abandons it .) So he ment ioned breaking t he promise among t hese four charact erist ics. We ment ioned t he meaning of t hese t wo Hadit hs in t he beginning of t he explanat ion of Sahih Al-Bukhari, and t o Allah is t he praise and t he t hanks. Therefore Allah implied t his meaning, when He cont inued His admonishment by saying,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ⇔わ∇ボョ∠ ゲ∠ ら⊥ ミ∠ ぴ (Most hat eful it is wit h Allah t hat you say t hat which you do not do.) Imam Ahmad and Abu Dawud recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amir bin Rabi` ah said, "Allah's Messenger came t o us while I was a young boy, and I went out t o play. My mot her said, ` O ` Abdullah! Come, I want t o give you somet hing.' Allah's Messenger said t o her,

«∨⊥ヮ∠Β͡ト∇バゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ͡ ∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ » (What did you want t o give him) She said, ` Dat es.' He said,

«る∠よ∇グミ∠ マ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろら∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ヶ͡ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ マ ͡ ルｚま͡ ゅ∠ョぺ∠» (If you had not given t hem t o him, it would have been writ t en as a lie in your record.)'' Muqat il bin Hayyan said, "The fait hful believers said, ` If we only knew t he dearest good act ions t o Allah, we would perform t hem.' Thus, Allah t old t hem about t he dearest act ions t o Him,saying,

び⇔ゅヘ∂ タ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒ボ∠ Α⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah loves t hose who fight in His cause in rows) Allah st at ed what He likes, and t hey were t est ed on t he day of Uhud. However, t hey ret reat ed and fled, leaving t he Prophet behind. It was about t heir case t hat Allah revealed t his Ayah:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O you who believe! Why do you say t hat which you do not do) Allah says here, ` The dearest of you t o Me, is he who fight s in My cause.''' Some said t hat it was revealed about t he gravit y of fight ing in bat t le, when one says t hat he fought and endured t he bat t le, even t hough he did not do so. Qat adah and Ad-Dahhak said t hat t his Ayah was sent down t o admonish some people who used t o say t hat t hey killed, fought , st abbed, and did such and such during bat t le, even t hough t hey did not do any of it . Sa` id bin Jubayr said about Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔ゅヘ∂ タ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah loves t hose who fight in His cause in rows (ranks)) "Before Allah's Messenger began t he bat t le against t he enemy, he liked t o line up his forces in rows; in t his Surah, Allah t eaches t he believers t o do t he same.'' He also said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ソヲ⊥タ∇ゲョｚ ∀リ⇒∠Β∇レよ⊥ ユ⊥ヰルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ぴ (as if t hey were a solid st ruct ure.) means, it s part s are firmly connect ed t o each ot her; in rows for bat t le. Muqat il bin Hayyan said, "Firmly connect ed t o each ot her.'' Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he meaning of t he Ayah,

び∀ソヲ⊥タ∇ゲョｚ ∀リ⇒∠Β∇レよ⊥ ユ⊥ヰルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ぴ (as if t hey were a solid st ruct ure.) by saying, "They are like a firm st ruct ure t hat does not move, because it s part s are cement ed t o each ot her.''

ギ∠ホヱ∠ ヴ͡レル∠ ヱ⊥ク∇ぽゎ⊥ ユ∠ ャ͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ パ ∠ や∠コぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ビや∠コ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴあルぺ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バゎｚ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴあルま͡ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レら∠ Α ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ン ｚ ギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョぁ ユ⊥ム∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゅｚヨ∠ヤ∠プ ギ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇シや ン͡ギ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シゲ∠ よ͡ や⇔ゲあゼら∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ (5. And when Musa said t o his people: "O my people! Why do you annoy me while you know cert ainly t hat I am t he Messenger of Allah t o you So, when t hey t urned away (from t he pat h of Allah), Allah t urned t heir heart s away (from t he right pat h). And Allah guides not t he people who are rebellious.) (6. And (remember) when ` Isa, son of Maryam, said: "O Children of Israel! I am t he Messenger of Allah unt o you, confirming t he Tawrah ぴwhich cameび before me, and giving glad t idings of a Messenger t o come aft er me, whose name shall be Ahmad. "But when he came t o t hem wit h clear proofs, t hey said: "This is plain magic.'')

Musa admonishes His People for annoying Him Allah st at es t hat His servant and Messenger Musa, son of ` Imran, t o whom Allah spoke direct ly, said t o his people,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴあルぺ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バゎｚ ギ∠ホヱ∠ ヴ͡レル∠ ヱ⊥ク∇ぽゎ⊥ ユ∠ ャ͡ぴ (Why do you annoy me while you know cert ainly t hat I am t he Messenger of Allah t o you) meaning, ` why do you annoy me even t hough you know my t rut h regarding t he Message t hat I brought you' This brings consolat ion for Allah's Messenger for what t he disbelievers among his people and ot hers did t o him. And it orders him t o be pat ient . This is why he once said,

や∠グワ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミほ∠よ͡ ヵ ∠ ク͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や る⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ » «ゲ∠らダ ∠ プ∠ (May Allah have mercy wit h Musa: he was annoyed more t han t his, yet he was pat ient .) By it believers are prohibit ed from harming or bot hering t he Prophet in any way or form. As Allah t he Exalt ed said,

∇や∇ヱク∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ゅ⇔ヰΒ͡ィヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅｚヨ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ロ⊥ ぺ∠ｚゲら∠プ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ び (O you who believe! Be not like t hose who annoyed Musa, but Allah cleared him of t hat which t hey alleged, and he was honorable before Allah.) (33:69) And His saying:

び∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや パ ∠ や∠コぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ビや∠コ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (So, when t hey t urned away, Allah t urned t heir heart s away.), means, when t he Jews t urned away from following t he guidance, even t hough t hey knew it , Allah t urned t heir heart s away from t he guidance. Inst ead, Allah placed doubt s, suspicion and failure in t heir heart s, j ust as He said,

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ ょ ⊥ あヤボ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ グ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ (And We shall t urn t heir heart s and vision away, as t hey refused t o believe t herin for t he first t ime, and we shall leave t hem in t heir t respass t o wander blindly.) And His saying;

ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Βｚら∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ペ ͡ ホ͡ ゅ∠ゼΑ⊥ リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ダル⊥ ヱ∠ ヴｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ャあヲ∠ ル⊥ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ノら͡ わｚ Α∠ ヱ∠ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダョ∠ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠シヱ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ (And whoever cont radict s and opposes t he Messenger aft er t he right pat h has been shown clearly t o him, and follows ot her t han t he believers' way, We shall keep him in t he pat h he has chosen, and ent er him in Hell, what an evil dest inat ion it is!) (4:115), and, Similarly Allah said;

び∠リΒ͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah guides not t he people who are rebellious.) (9:24)

The Good News of ` Isa about Our Prophet and that His Name is Ahmad Allah said;

ヴあルま͡ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レら∠ Α ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ ン ｚ ギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョぁ ユ⊥ム∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇シや ン͡ギ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シゲ∠ よ͡ や⇔ゲあゼら∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや び⊥ギヨ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ (And when ` Isa, son of Maryam, said: "O Children of Israel! I am t he Messenger of Allah unt o you, confirming t he Tawrah before me, and giving glad t idings of a Messenger t o come aft er me, whose name shall be Ahmad.'') ` Isa said, "The Tawrah conveyed t he glad t idings of my coming, and my coming confirms t he t rut h of t he Tawrah. I convey t he glad t idings of t he Prophet who will come aft er me. He is t he unlet t ered, Makkan, Arab Prophet and Messenger, Ahmad.'' ` Isa, peace be upon him, is t he last and final Messenger from among t he Children of Israel. He remained among t he Children of Israel for a while, conveying t he good news of t he coming of Muhammad, whose name is also Ahmad, t he Last and Final Prophet and Messenger. Aft er Muhammad, t here will be no prophet hood or Messengers. How admirable t he Hadit h is t hat Al-Bukhari collect ed in his Sahih from Jubayr bin Mut ` im, who said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ギヨ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∀ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ :￢⇔ ゅ∠ヨ∇シぺ∠ ヶ͡ャ ラ ｚ ま͡» ゲ⊥ セ ͡ ゅ∠エ∇ャや ゅ∠ル∠ぺ∠ヱ∩∠ゲ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ヲ⊥エ∇ヨΑ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ヶ͡ェゅ∠ヨ∇ャや «ょ͡ホゅ∠バ∇ャや ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ｚヶョ∠ ギ∠ ホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゲ⊥ ゼ ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚや (I have names. I am Muhammad and Ahmad. I am Al-Mahi t hrough whom Allah will eliminat e disbelief. I am Al-Hashir who will be t he first t o be resurrect ed, wit h t he people being resurrect ed Hereaft er. I am also Al-` Aqib (i.e., t here will be no Prophet aft er me).'') Also Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h from Az-Zuhri from Jubayr. Muhammad bin Ishaq recorded t hat Khalid bin Ma` dan said t hat some Companions of Allah's Messenger said, "O Allah's Messenger! Tell us about yourself.'' He said,

∇れぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∠ユΒ͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ヶ͡よぺ∠ り⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ » ∀ケヲ⊥ル ゅヰ∇レョ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ヶ͡よ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ∠ ェ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェ ヶあョぺ⊥ «ュゅｚゼャや チ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ン∠ゲ∇ダよ⊥ ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ダホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇れ￢∠ ゅ∠ッぺ∠ (I am t he (result of t he) invocat ion made t o Allah from my fat her Ibrahim and t he good news ` Isa delivered. When my mot her was pregnant wit h me, she had a dream in which she saw a light emanat ing from her t hat radiat ed t he palaces of Busra in Ash-Sham.'' This Hadit h has a good chain of narrat ion t hat is support ed by ot her similar narrat ions. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Al-` Irbad bin Sariyah said, "The Messenger of Allah said,

ヶ͡プ メ ∀ ギ͡ イ ∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ャ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠リΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや ユ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ガャ∠ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ヶあルま͡» ∩∠ユΒ͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ヶ͡よぺ∠ り⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ :マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ メ ͡ ヱｚ ほ∠よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらル∠ ほ⊥シ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮわ͡ レ∠ Β͡デ ∩∇れぺ∠ケ∠ ヶ͡わャｚや ヶあョぺ⊥ ゅ∠Α∇ぼケ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡よ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ り⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠ゼよ͡ ヱ∠ «リ∇Αゲ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚ ャや れ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰョｚ ぺ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ (I was writ t en wit h Allah as t he Last and Final of t he Prophet , even when Adam was st ill clay. I will t ell of t he first good news announcing my advent , t he (result of t he) invocat ion t o Allah made from my fat her Ibrahim, t he good news ` Isa conveyed, and t he dream t hat my mot her saw. The mot hers of all Prophet s see similar dreams.'') Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Umamah said, "I said, ` O Allah's Messenger! What was t he first good news of your coming' He said,

∇れぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∠ユΒ͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ヶ͡よぺ∠ り⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ » ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ダホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇れ￢∠ ゅ∠ッぺ∠ ∀ケヲ⊥ル ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ヶあョぺ⊥ «ュゅｚゼャや (The (result of t he) invocat ion t o Allah made from my fat her Ibrahim and t he good news ` Isa conveyed. My mot her saw a light emanat ing from her t hat filled t he palaces of Ash- Sham in a dream.)'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said t hat t he Messenger of Allah sent eight y men, including ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud, Ja` far bin Abi Talib, ` Abdullah bin ` Urfut ah, ` Ut hman bin Maz` un, Abu Musa, and ot hers, t o An-Naj ashi. The Quraysh sent ` Amr bin Al-` As and ` Umarah bin Al-Walid wit h a gift for An-Naj ashi. When t hey, ` Amr and ` Umarah, came t o An-Naj ashi, t hey prost rat ed before him and st ood t o his right and left . ` Amr and ` Umarah said, "Some of our cousins migrat ed t o your land; t hey have abandoned us and our religion.'' AnNaj ashi said, "Where are t hey'' They said, "They are in your land, so send for t hem,'' so AnNaj ashi summoned t he Muslims. Ja` far said t o t he Muslims, "I will be your speaker t oday.'' So,

t he Muslims followed Ja` far and when he ent ered on t he king he did not prost rat e aft er greet ing him. They said t o Ja` far, "Why do you not prost rat e before t he king'' Ja` far said, "We only prost rat e for Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored.'' They said, "Why'' He said, "Allah has sent a Messenger t o us from Him, who ordered us not t o prost rat e t o anyone except Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored. He also ordered t o perform prayer and give charit y.'' ` Amr bin Al` As said, "They cont radict your creed about ` Isa, son of Maryam.'' The king asked, "What do you say about ` Isa and his mot her Maryam'' Ja` far said, "We only say what Allah said about him, t hat he is Allah's Word, a soul creat ed by Allah and sent down t o t he honorable virgin who was not t ouched by a man nor bearing children before.'' An-Naj ashi lift ed a st raw of wood and said, "O Et hiopians, monks and priest s! By Allah, what t hey say about ` Isa is no more t han what we say about him, not even a difference t hat equals t his st raw. You are welcomed among us, and greet ings t o him who sent you. I bear wit ness t hat he is Allah's Messenger whom we read about in t he Inj il. He is t he Prophet who ` Isa, son of Maryam, foret old t he good news about his advent . Live wherever you wish. By Allah, had I not been ent rust ed wit h t he responsibilit ies of kingship, I would have gone t o him, so t hat I could be honored by carrying his slippers and his wat er for ablut ion.'' The king ordered t hat t he gift s of t he idolat ors be ret urned t o t hem. ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud soon ret urned and lat er on part icipat ed in t he bat t le of Badr. He said t hat when t he Prophet received t he news t hat An-Naj ashi died, he invoked Allah t o forgive him. Allah said,

び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (But when he came t o t hem wit h clear proofs, t hey said: "This is plain magic.'') t his refers t o Ahmad, who was ant icipat ed, in accordance wit h t he early Script ures and early generat ions, according t o Ibn Jurayj and Ibn Jarir. When t he Prophet appeared bringing clear signs, t he disbelievers and rej ect ers said,

び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (This is plain magic)

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや リ ͡ ヨｚ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ュ͡ Κ ∠ ∇シΗ ͡ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ∠ハ∇ギΑ⊥ ぁユわ͡ ョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ∠ ∇プほ∠よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ケ∠ ヲ⊥ル ∇やヲ⊥ゃヘ͡ ∇トΒ⊥ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ モ ∠シ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ロ∠ ゲ͡ ミ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ロ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ル リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ヰ͡ ∇ヌΒ⊥ ャ͡ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ Α͡キヱ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ロ∠ ゲ͡ ミ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤあミ⊥ (7. And who does more wrong t han t he one who invent s a lie against Allah, while he is being invit ed t o Islam And Allah guides not t he people who are wrongdoers.) (8. They int end t o put

out t he Light of Allah wit h t heir mout hs. But Allah will bring His Light t o perfect ion even t hough t he disbelievers hat e (it ).) (9. He it is Who has sent His Messenger wit h guidance and t he religion of t rut h t o make it vict orious over all religions even t hough idolat ors hat e (it ).)

The Most Unjust among all People Allah said,

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや リ ͡ ヨｚ ョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ュ∠Κ∇シ͡Ηや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ∠ハ∇ギΑ⊥ (And who does more wrong t han t he one who invent s a lie against Allah, while he is being invit ed t o Islam) meaning, none is more unj ust t han he who lies about Allah and calls upon rivals and associat es part ners wit h Him, even while he is being invit ed t o Tawhid and sincerely worshipping Him. This is why Allah said,

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah guides not t he people who are wrongdoers.) Allah said,

び∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ∠ ∇プほ∠よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ケ∠ ヲ⊥ル ∇やヲ⊥ゃヘ͡ ∇トΒ⊥ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ぴ (They int end t o put out t he Light of Allah wit h t heir mout hs.) indicat ing t hat t he disbelievers will t ry t o cont radict t he t rut h wit h falsehood. Their at t empt s are similar t o one's at t empt t o ext inguish t he sun wit h his mout h, which is impossible. Likewise is t he case of t heir at t empt t o ext inguish t rut h. So Allah said,

ぁユわ͡ ョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ∠ ∇プほ∠よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ケ∠ ヲ⊥ル ∇やヲ⊥ゃヘ͡ ∇トΒ⊥ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ぴ モ ∠シ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ロ∠ ゲ͡ ミ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ロ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ル リ ͡ Αあギャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ヰ͡ ∇ヌΒ⊥ ャ͡ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ Α͡キヱ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ロ∠ ゲ͡ ミ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤあミ⊥ (But Allah will bring His Light t o perfect ion even t hough t he disbelievers hat e (it ). He it is Who has sent His Messenger wit h guidance and t he religion of t rut h t o make it vict orious over all (ot her) religions even t hough t he idolat ors hat e (it ).) We explained t he meanings of similar Ayat before, in t he Tafsir of Surah Bara'ah. All praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

ユ⊥ムΒ͡イレ⊥ゎ り∃ ゲ∠ ⇒∠イゎ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユムぁャキ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ - ユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヴ͡プ る⇔ ら∠ Βあ デ ∠ リ ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ょΑ͡ゲ∠ホ ウ ∀ ∇わプ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リあョ ∀ゲ∇ダ∠ル ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ヱ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ゼ あ よ∠ ヱ∠ (10. O you who believe! Shall I guide you t o a t rade t hat will save you from a painful t orment ) (11. That you believe in Allah and His Messenger, and t hat you st rive hard and fight in t he cause of Allah wit h your wealt h and your lives, t hat will be bet t er for you, if you but know!) (12. (If you do so) He will forgive you your sins, and admit you int o Gardens under which rivers flow, and pleasant dwellings in ` Adn (Et ernal) Paradise; t hat is indeed t he great success.) (13. And also (He will give you) anot her (blessing) which you love, help from Allah and a near vict ory. And give glad t idings t o t he believers.)

The Trade that saves One from the Painful Torment We ment ioned a Hadit h from ` Abdullah bin Salam in t hat t he Companions want ed t o ask t he Prophet of Allah about t he best act ions wit h Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, so t hey could pract ice t hem. Allah t he Exalt ed sent down t his Surah, including t his Ayah,

ユ⊥ムΒ͡イレ⊥ゎ り∃ ゲ∠ ⇒∠イゎ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユムぁャキ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び ユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョあ (O you who believe! Shall I guide you t o a t rade t hat will save you from a painful t orment ) Allah t hen explained t his great t rade t hat will never fail, t he t rade t hat will earn one what he wishes and saves him from what he dislikes. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レミ⊥ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ び (That you believe in Allah and His Messenger, and t hat you st rive hard and fight in t he cause of Allah wit h your wealt h and your lives, t hat will be bet t er for you, if you but know!) t his is bet t er t han t he t rade of t his life and st riving hard for it and amassing it . Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∇ユム⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ぴ (He will forgive you your sins,) meaning, ` if you fulfill what I commanded you and guided you t o, t hen I will forgive your sins and admit you int o t he Gardens of Paradise. In t hem, you will have exalt ed residences and high post it ions.' This is why Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヴ͡プ る⇔ ら∠ Βあデ ∠ リ ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠ジョ∠ ヱ∠ び⊥ユΒ͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや (and admit you int o Gardens under which rivers flow, and pleasant dwellings in ` Adn (Et ernal) Paradise; t hat is indeed t he great success.) Allah said,

びゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ (And also anot her (blessing) which you love,) meaning, ` I will grant you more favors t hat you like,'

び∀ょΑ͡ゲホ∠ ウ ∀ ∇わプ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リあョ ∀ゲ∇ダ∠ルぴ (help from Allah and a near vict ory.) meaning, if you fight in Allah's cause and support His religion, He will grant you vict ory. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Α ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ レ∠ゎ ラ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び ∇ユム⊥ ョ∠ や∠ギ∇ホぺ∠ ∇ろらあ ん∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠

(O you who believe! If you help (in t he cause of) Allah, He will help you, and make your foot hold firm.) (47:7), and,

ン ｘ ヲ͡ ボ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠Α リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ラ ｚ ∠ゲダ ⊥ レ∠Β∠ャ∠ヱぴ び∀ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ (Verily, Allah will help t hose who help His (cause). Truly, Allah is All St rong, All-Wise.) (22:40) Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ょΑ͡ゲホ∠ ウ ∀ ∇わプ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and a near vict ory.) means, it will come sooner, and t his is t he increased favor t hat is earned in t his life and cont inues, becoming t he delight of t he Hereaft er. It is for t hose who obey Allah and His Messenger and support Allah and His religion. Allah said;

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ゼ あ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And give glad t idings t o t he believers.)

メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅヨ∠ ミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ゲ⇒∠ダルｚ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ リ ∠ ΒあΑケ͡ や∠ヲエ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ ろ∠レョ∠ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダル∠ぺ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁΑケ͡ ヲ∠ エ ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゅ∠ル∇ギΑｚ ほ∠プ∠ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べｚデ れ∠ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ リあョ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べｚデ びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヰ͡ ⇒∠ニ ∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ヱあ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや (14. O you who believe! Be you helpers (in t he cause) of Allah as said ` Isa, son of Maryam, t o t he Hawariyyin (t he disciples): "Who are my helpers (in t he cause) of Allah'' The Hawariyyun said: "We are Allah's helpers'' (i.e., we will st rive in His cause!). Then a group of t he Children of Israel believed and a group disbelieved. So, We gave power t o t hose who believed against t heir enemies, and t hey became t he vict orious (uppermost ).)

Muslims are always the Natural Supporters of Islam Allah t he Exalt ed orders His fait hful servant s t o be Allah's support ers at all t imes, in all t heir st at ement s and act ions, sacrificing t heir selves and wealt h. Allah orders t hem t o accept His and His Messenger's call, j ust as t he disciples said t o Prophet ` Isa when he said,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ケゅ∠ダル∠ぺ ∇リョ∠ ぴ (Who are my helpers (in t he cause) of Allah) meaning, ` who will support me in conveying t he Message of Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored'

び∠ラヲぁΑケ͡ ヲ∠ エ ∠ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (The Hawariyyun said:) in reference t o t he followers of ` Isa, peace be upon him,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダル∠ぺ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ぴ (We are Allah's helpers) meaning, ` we will support you wit h regards t o t he Message you have been sent wit h and will help you convey it .' Whereby, ` Isa sent t he disciples t o t he various areas of Ash-Sham t o call t he Greeks and t he Israelit es t o Islam. Similarly, during t he days of Haj j , Allah's Messenger used t o ask,

ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∨ヶあよケ∠ る∠ ャ∠ゅ∠シケ͡ ヒ∠ ヤあよ∠ ぺ⊥ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ヶ͡レΑ͡ヱ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ∇リョ∠ » «ヶあよケ∠ る∠ ャ∠ゅ∠シケ͡ ヒ∠ ヤあよ∠ ぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥バレ∠ ョ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ⇔ゼ∇Αゲ∠ ホ⊥ (Who will support me in conveying t he Message of my Lord Verily, t he Quraysh have prevent ed me from conveying t he Message of my Lord.) Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored raised Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj t o support t he Prophet . They were t he resident s of Al-Madinah who gave t he pledge t o him and support ed him, vowing t o prot ect him from mankind and t he Jinns if he migrat ed t o t hem. When he migrat ed t o t hem wit h his Companions, t hey fulfilled t heir vow t o Allah. This is t he reason why Allah and His Messenger called t hem, Al-Ansar, t he Support ers. The name became synonymous wit h t hem. May Allah be pleased wit h t hem and please t hem, as well.

A Group of the Children of Israel believed in ` Isa and a Group of Them disbelieved Allah said,

び∀るヘ∠ も͡ べｚデ れ∠ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ リあョ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べｚデ ろ∠レョ∠ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ぴ (Then a group of t he Children of Israel believed and a group disbelieved.) When ` Isa, peace be on him, conveyed t he Message of his Lord t o his people and t he disciples support ed him, a group from t he Children of Israel believed. They accept ed t he guidance t hat ` Isa brought t o t hem, while anot her group, was led ast ray. This group rej ect ed what ` Isa brought t hem, denied his prophet hood and invent ed t errible lies about him and his mot her. They are t he Jews, may Allah curse t hem unt il t he Day of Judgement . Anot her group exaggerat ed over ` Isa, unt il t hey elevat ed him t o more t han t he level of prophet hood t hat Allah gave him. They

divided int o sect s and fact ions, some saying t hat ` Isa was t he son of Allah, while ot hers said t hat he was one in a t rinit y, and t his is why t hey invoke t he fat her, t he son and t he holy ghost ! Some of t hem said t hat ` Isa was Allah, as we ment ioned in t he Tafsir of Surat An-Nisa'.

Allah gives Victory to the Believing Group Allah said,

び∇ユワ͡ ヱあ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅル∠ ∇ギΑｚ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So, We gave power t o t hose who believed against t heir enemies,) vt hat is, ` We gave t hem vict ory over t he group of Christ ians which defied t hem,'

び∠リΑ͡ゲヰ͡ ⇒∠ニ ∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ぴ (and t hey became t he vict orious (uppermost ).) ` over t he disbelieving group, when We sent Muhammad.' Imam Abu Ja` far bin Jarir At -Tabari report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "When Allah decided t o raise ` Isa t o heaven, ` Isa went t o his companions while drops of wat er were dripping from his head. At t hat t ime, t here were t welve men at t he house. ` Isa said t o t hem, ` Some of you will disbelieve in me t welve t imes aft er having believed in me.' He t hen asked, ` Who among you volunt eers t hat he be made t o resemble me and be killed inst ead of me; he will be wit h me in my place (in Paradise).' One of t he youngest men present volunt eered, but ` Isa commanded him t o sit down. ` Isa repeat ed his st at ement and t he young man again st ood up and volunt eered, and ` Isa again t old him t o sit down. ` Isa repeat ed t he same st at ement and t he young man volunt eered. This t ime, ` Isa said, ` Then it will be you.' The appearance of ` Isa was cast upon t hat young man, while ` Isa, peace be on him, was raised t o heaven t hrough an opening in t he roof of t he house. The Jews came looking for ` Isa and arrest ed t he one t hat appeared as him, killing him by crucifixion. Some of t hem disbelieved in ` Isa t welve t imes, aft er t hey had believed in him. They divided int o t hree groups. One group, Al-Ya` qubiyyah (t he Jacobit es), said, ` Allah remained wit h us as much as He willed and t hen ascended t o heaven.' Anot her group, An-Nast uriyyah (t he Nest orians), said, ` Allah's son remained wit h us as much as Allah willed and He t hen rasied him up t o heaven.' A t hird group said, ` Allah's servant and Messenger remained wit h us as much as Allah willed and t hen Allah raised him up t o Him.' The last group was t he Muslim group. The t wo disbelieving groups collaborat ed against t he Muslim group and annihilat ed it . Islam remained unj ust ly concealed unt il Allah sent Muhammad ,

び∀るヘ∠ も͡ べｚデ れ∠ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ リあョ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べｚデ ろ∠レョ∠ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ぴ (Then a group of t he Children of Israel believed and a group disbelieved.) This Ayah refers t o t he group among t he Children of Israel t hat disbelieved and t he group t hat believed, during t he t ime of ` Isa,

∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ヱあ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ル∇ギΑｚ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ び∠リΑ͡ゲヰ͡ ⇒∠ニ

(So, We gave power t o t hose who believed against t heir enemies, and t hey became t he vict orious (uppermost ).) t hrough t he vict ory t hat Muhammad gained over t he religion of t he disbelievers, which brought t he dominance of t heir religion.'' This is t he wording in his book for t he Tafsir of t his honorable Ayah. Similarly, An-Nasa'i collect ed t his st at ement of Ibn ` Abbas in his Sunan. Therefore, t he Ummah of Muhammad will always be prevalent on t he t rut h unt il Allah's command (t he Final Hour) commences, while t hey are on t his pat h. The last group of t hem will fight against Ad-Daj j al along wit h ` Isa, peace be on him, according t o Hadit hs in t he aut hent ic collect ions. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat As-Saff. All praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Jumu` ah (Chapter - 62) Which was revealed in Al-Madinah The Virtues of Surat Al-Jumu` ah Ibn ` Abbas and Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger used t o recit e Surat Al-Jumu` ah and Surat Al-Munafiqin during t he Friday Prayer. Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h in his Sahih.

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ Α⊥ ぴ ゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ - ユ͡ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや サ ͡ ヱぁギボ⊥ ∇ャや マ ͡ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ リ ∠ ΒあΒョあ Ε ⊥ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Βあミゴ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ - リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ モ ∃ ヤ∠ッ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボエ ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ び ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや ヱ⊥ク ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ (1. What soever is in t he heavens and what soever is on t he eart h glorifies Allah -- t he King, t he Holy, t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.) (2. He it is Who sent among t he unlet t ered ones a Messenger from among t hemselves, recit ing t o t hem His Ayat , purifying t hem, and t eaching t hem t he Book and t he Hikmah. And verily, t hey had been before in manifest error.) (3. And ot hers among t hem who have not yet j oined t hem. And He is t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.) (4. That is t he grace of Allah, which He best ows on whom He wills. And Allah is t he Owner of might y grace.)

Everything praises and glorifies Allah Allah states that everything in the heavens and the earth glorifies His praises, including all types of living creatures and inanimate objects. Allah t he Exalt ed said in anot her Ayah,

び͡ロギ∠ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ Α⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リあョ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (Glorify Him and t here is not a t hing but glorifies His praise) (17:44) Allah said,

び⊥サヱぁギボ⊥ ∇ャや マ ⊥ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャやぴ (t he King, t he Holy,) meaning t hat He is t he Owner and King of t he heavens and t he eart h Who has perfect cont rol over t heir affairs. He is t he Holy, free of all short comings, His at t ribut es are perfect ,

び⊥ユΒ͡ムエ ∠ ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴ∠バャやぴ (t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.) whose explanat ion is already discussed in many places.

The Favor that Allah granted by sending Muhammad Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ リ ∠ ΒあΒョあ Ε ⊥ や ヴ͡プ ゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He it is Who sent among t he unlet t ered ones a Messenger from among t hemselves,) t he word ` unlet t ered' here refers t o t he Arabs. Allah t he Exalt ed said in anot her Ayah,

∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠￢∠ リ ∠ ΒあΒョあ Ι ｙ や∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ∠ら∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱｚ ∇やヱ∠ギわ∠ ∇ワや ギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ び͡キゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (And say t o t hose who were given t he Script ure and t hose who are illit erat es: "Do you submit yourselves If t hey do, t hey are right ly guided; but if t hey t urn away, your dut y is only t o convey t he message; and Allah is All-Seer of (His) servant s.) (3:20) Ment ioning t he unlet t ered ones in specific here does not mean t hat Muhammad was only sent t o t hem, because t he blessing t o t he Arabs is great er t han t hat of ot her nat ions. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,

び∠マョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャｚ ゲ∀ ∇ミグ͡ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, t his is indeed a Reminder for you and your people) (43:44). Surely, t he Qur'an is also a reminder for t hose ot her t han Arabs t o t ake heed. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

びリ ∠ Β͡よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘやマ ∠ ゎ∠ ゲ∠ Β͡ゼハ ∠ ∇ケグ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And warn your t ribe of near kindred.) (26:214) These Ayat do not negat e Allah's st at ement s,

びゅバ⇔ Β͡ヨィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴあルま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "O mankind! verily, I am sent t o you all as t he Messenger of Allah.) (7:158), and,

び∠ヒヤ∠よ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ルｘΙぴ (t hat I may t herewit h warn you and whomsoever it may reach.) (6:19) and in His st at ement about t he Qur'an,

び⊥ロギ⊥ ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャゅ∠プ ゆ ͡ や∠ゴ∇ェΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (But t hose of t he groups t hat rej ect it , t he Fire will be t heir promised meet ing place.) (11:17) There are ot her Ayat t hat indicat e t hat his Message is universal. He, may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him, was sent t o all people, mankind and t he Jinns alike. We ment ioned t his meaning before in Surat Al-An` am producing various Ayat and Hadit hs. All praise and t hanks are t o due t o Allah. This Ayah t est ifies t hat Allah has indeed accept ed t he invocat ion of His friend Ibrahim when he supplicat ed Allah t o send a Messenger t o t he people of Makkah from among t hem t heir own. One who will recit e t o t hem Allah's st at ement s, purify t hem and t each t hem t he Book and t he Hikmah. So, Allah -- all praise and t hanks be t o Him -- sent him when t he Messengers ceased and t he way was obscure. Indeed it was a t ime when it was most needed. Especially since Allah hat ed t he people of t he eart h, Arabs and non-Arabs alike, except for a few of t he People of t he Script ure, who kept t o t he t rue fait h Allah t he Exalt ed sent t o ` Isa bin Maryam, peace be upon him. This is why Allah said,

ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ リ ∠ ΒあΒョあ Ε ⊥ や ヴ͡プ ゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Βあミゴ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁ モ ∃ ヤ∠ッ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ラ͡まヱ∠ (He it is Who sent among t he unlet t ered ones a Messenger from among t hemselves, recit ing t o t hem His Ayat , purifying t hem, and t eaching t hem t he Book and t he Hikmah. And verily, t hey had been before in manifest error.) In ancient t imes, t he Arabs used t o adhere by t he religion of Ibrahim, peace be upon him. They lat er changed, corrupt ed and cont radict ed it , choosing

polyt heism inst ead of Tawhid and doubt s inst ead of cert aint y. They invent ed a religion t hat Allah did not legislat e, j ust as t he People of t he Script ures did when t hey changed and corrupt ed t heir Divine Books. Allah sent Muhammad , wit h a great divine legislat ion, perfect religion t hat is suit able for all humans and Jinns. In it , t here is guidance and explanat ions of all t hat t hey need in t his life and t he Hereaft er. It draws t hem closer t o Paradise and Allah's pleasure and t akes t hem away from t he Fire and earning Allah's anger. In it , t here is t he final j udgement for all t ypes of doubt s and suspicion for all maj or and minor mat t ers of t he religion. In Muhammad , Allah gat hered all t he good qualit ies of t he Prophet s before him, and gave him what He has never given t he earlier and lat er generat ions of mankind. May Allah's peace and blessings be on Muhammad unt il t he Day of Judgement .

Muhammad is the Messenger to Arabs and Non-Arabs alike Allah said,

ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボエ ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや (And ot hers among t hem who have not yet j oined t hem. And He is t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.) Imam Abu ` Abdullah Al-Bukhari, may Allah have mercy upon him, recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "We were sit t ing wit h t he Prophet , when Surat Al-Jumu` ah was revealed t o him;

び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボエ ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (And ot hers among t hem who have not yet j oined t hem.) They said, ` Who are t hey, O Allah's Messenger' The Prophet did not reply unt il t hey repeat ed t he quest ion t hrice. At t hat t ime, Salman Al-Farisi was wit h us. So Allah's Messenger placed his hand on Salman, saying,

∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀メゅ∠ィ͡ケ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠レャ∠ ゅｚΑゲ∠ んぁ ャや ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡み∇ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠» «￢͡ ゅ∠ャぽ⊥ ワ ∇リョ͡ (If fait h were on At h-Thurayya (Pleiades), even t hen some men or a man from t hese people would at t ain it .)'' Muslim, At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa` i, Ibn Abi Hat im and Ibn Jarir collect ed t his Hadit h. This Hadit h indicat es t hat Surat Al-Jumu` ah was revealed in Al-Madinah and t hat t he Messenger's Message is universal. The Prophet explained Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (And ot hers among t hem) by ment ioning Persia. This is why t he Prophet sent messages t o t he kings of Persia and Rome, among ot her kings, calling t hem t o Allah t he Exalt ed and t o follow what he was sent wit h. This is why Muj ahid and several ot hers said t hat Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボエ ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (And ot hers among t hem who have not yet j oined t hem.) refers t o all non-Arabs who believe in t he t rut h of t he Prophet . Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ユΒ͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He is t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.) assert s t hat He is Almight y and All-Wise in His legislat ion and t he dest iny He appoint s. Allah's st at ement ,

モ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや ヱ⊥ク ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ び ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや (That is t he grace of Allah, which He best ows on whom He wills. And Allah is t he Owner of might y grace.) refers t o t he great prophet hood t hat He grant ed Muhammad and t he qualit ies t hat He favored his Ummah wit h, by sending Muhammad t o t hem.

モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ｚユを⊥ り∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨあ ェ ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ぴ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ や⇔ケゅ∠ヘ∇シぺ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇エΑ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヨエ ͡ ∇ャや -リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨハ∠コ ラ͡ま ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ ∇モホ⊥ -リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ レｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ プ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ Αギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲｚレヨ∠ わ∠ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲヘ͡ ゎ∠ ン͡グャｚや れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャゅ͡よ り͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ハ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁキゲ∠ ゎ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ボ⇒∠ヤョ⊥ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ムゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ (5. The likeness of t hose who were ent rust ed wit h t he Tawrah, but did not carry it , is as t he likeness of a donkey which carries huge burdens of books. How bad is t he example of people who deny t he Ayat of Allah. And Allah does not guide t he people who are wrongdoers.) (6. Say: "O you Jews! If you pret end t hat you are friends of Allah, t o t he exclusion of (all) ot her people,

t hen long for deat h if you are t rut hful.'') (7. But t hey will never long for it , because of what t heir hands have sent before t hem! And Allah knows well t he wrongdoers.) (8. Say: "Verily, t he deat h from which you flee, will surely meet you, t hen you will be sent back t o t he Knower of t he unseen and t he seen, and He will inform you about what you used t o do.'')

Admonishing the Jews and challenging Them to wish for Death Allah t he Exalt ed admonishes t he Jews who were ent rust ed wit h t he Tawrah and were ordered t o abide by it . However, t hey did not abide by it , and t his is why Allah resembled t hem t o t he donkey t hat carries volumes of books. Surely, when t he donkey carries books, it will not underst and what t hese books cont ain because it is only carrying t hese books using it s st rengt h. This is t he example of t hose who were ent rust ed wit h t he Tawrah; t hey read it s let t er but did not underst and it s meanings nor abided by t hem. Rat her, t hey even corrupt ed and changed t he Tawrah. Therefore, t hey are worse t han t he donkey, because t he donkey cannot underst and. They, on t he ot her hand, could have underst ood using t heir minds, but t heir minds were of no benefit . This is why Allah t he Exalt ed said in anot her Ayah,

ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ モ ぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΕ ∠ ゅ∠ミ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠ピ∇ャや (They are like cat t le, nay even more ast ray; t hose! They are t he heedless.) (7:179), and said,

Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ぴ び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ (How bad is t he example of people who deny t he Ayat of Allah. And Allah does not guide t he people who are wrongdoers.) Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨハ∠コ ラ͡ま ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ レｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ プ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ (Say: "O you Jews! If you pret end t hat you are friends of Allah, t o t he exclusion of ot her people, t hen long for deat h if you are t rut hful.'') meaning, ` if you claim t hat you are on t he correct guidance and t hat Muhammad and his Companions are being led ast ray, t hen invoke Allah t o bring deat h t o t he misguided group among t he t wo, if you are t rut hful in your claim.' Allah said,

び∇ユヰ͡ Αギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲｚレヨ∠ わ∠ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (But t hey will never long for it , because of what t heir hands have sent before t hem!) meaning because of t he disbelief, inj ust ice and sins t hat t hey commit ,

び∠リΒヨ͡ヤ⇒ヌ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah knows well t he wrongdoers.) We ment ioned t his challenge t o t he Jews before in Surat Al-Baqarah, where Allah said,

る⇔ ダ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠カ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ケ⊥ やｚギャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ∇モホ⊥ ぴ -リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ラ͡ま れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ レｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ プ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ヲレｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ り∃ ヲ∠Βェ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ソ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ギ∠ イ ͡ わ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Βヨ͡ヤ⇒ｚヌャゅ͡よ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ｚヨバ∠ Α⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ キぁ ヲ∠ Α∠ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ヨｚ バ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ェ ͡ ゴ͡ ∇ェゴ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ る∃ レ∠ シ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (Say: "If t he home of t he Hereaft er wit h Allah is indeed for you specially and not for ot hers, of mankind, t hen long for deat h if you are t rut hful.'' But t hey will never long for it because of what t heir hands have sent fort h before t hem. And Allah is Aware of t he wrongdoers. And verily, you will find t hem t he greediest of mankind for life and (even greedier) t han t hose who ascribe part ners t o Allah. One of t hem wishes t hat he could be given a life of a t housand years. But t he grant of such life will not save him even a lit t le from punishment . And Allah is Seer of what t hey do.) (2:94-96) We explained t hese meanings t here, st at ing t hat t he challenge was for t he Jews t o invoke Allah t o dest roy t he misguided group, eit her t hey or t heir enemies. We also ment ioned a similar challenge against t he Christ ians in Surah Al ` Imran,

∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ マ ∠ィ ｚ べ∠ェ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ジル͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ジル͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ネ ⊥ ∇ギル∠ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ⊥ レ∠ ∇バｚャ モ∠バ∇イレ∠ プ∠ ∇モヰ͡ わ∠ ∇らル∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ ゅ∠レジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡よグ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (Then whoever disput es wit h you concerning him ぴ` Isaび aft er (all t his) knowledge t hat has come t o you, say: "Come, let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves -- t hen we pray and invoke t he curse of Allah upon t hose who lie.'')(3:61) and against t he idolat ors, in Surah Maryam,

リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇キギ⊥ ∇ヨΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ る͡ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤツ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び⇔やギ∂ ョ∠ (Say whoever is in error, t he Most Gracious will ext end ぴcircumst ancesび for him.)(19:75) Imam Ahmad, may Allah be pleased wit h him recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Abu Jahl, may Allah curse him, said, ` If I see Muhammad praying at t he Ka` bah, I will st ep on his neck.' When t he Prophet heard of t hat , he said,

キ∠ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠Βハ ∠ る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ∇ヲャ∠» ∩͡ケゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ ハ ͡ ゅ∠ボョ∠ や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ヨャ∠ れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや や⊥ヲレｚ ∠ヨ∠ゎ ぶや ヴヤダヰ͡ ヤャや メ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤワ͡ ゅ∠らΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ «ゅ⇔ャゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヤ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ やヲ⊥バィ ∠ ゲ∠ ャ∠ ユ∂ヤシヱ ヮΒヤハ (Had he done so, t he angels would have snat ched him away in public. Had t he Jews wished for deat h, t hey would all have perished and saw t heir seat s in Hellfire. Had t hose accept ed for invoking t he curse of Allah wit h Allah's Messenger, t hey would not have found families or propert y when t hey ret urned home.)'' Al-Bukhari, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i recorded it . His saying;

ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ボ⇒∠ヤョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲヘ͡ ゎ∠ ン͡グャｚや れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ムゃ⊥ らあ レ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ り͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ハ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁキゲ∠ ゎ⊥ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ (Say: "Verily, t he deat h from which you flee will surely meet you, t hen you will be sent back t o t he Knower of t he unseen and t he seen, and He will inform you about what you used t o do.'') is like His saying in Surat An-Nisa':

ァ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ぁムミ͡ケ∇ギΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ぴ び∃りギ∠ Βｚ ゼ ∠ ョぁ (Wheresoever you may be, deat h will overt ake you even if you are in fort resses built up st rong and high.)

ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ͡ョ り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ヤ͡ャ ン ∠ キ͡ ヲ⊥ル や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ノ∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ケク∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヲバ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ る͡ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや り⊥ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ろ ͡ Β∠ ツ ͡ ホ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ わ∠ ルゅ∠プ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚ∠バャｚ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱ (9. O you who believe! When t he call is proclaimed for t he Salah on Al-Jumu` ah (Friday), t hen hast en (Fas` aw) t o t he remembrance of Allah and leave off business. That is bet t er for you if you did but know!) (10. Then when t he Salah is complet e, you may disperse t hrough t he land, and seek t he bount y of Allah, and remember Allah much, t hat you may be successful.)

Al-Jumu` ah (Friday), and the Orders and Etiquette for Friday Friday is called Al-Jumu` ah because it is derived from Al-Jam` , lit erally, gat hering. The people of Islam gat her weekly, on every Friday in t he maj or places of worship. It was during Friday when Allah finished t he creat ion, t he sixt h day, during which Allah creat ed t he heavens and eart h. During Friday, Allah creat ed Adam, and he was placed in Paradise, and ironically, it was a Friday when he was t aken out of Paradise. It will be on a Friday when t he Last Hour will commence. There is an hour during Friday, wherein no fait hful servant asks Allah for somet hing good, but Allah will give him what he asked for. All of t his is based upon Hadit hs in t he aut henic collect ions. In t he ancient language Friday was called, ` Arubah. It is a fact t hat previous nat ions were informed about Friday, but t hey were led ast ray from it . The Jews chose Sat urday for t heir holy day, but Adam was not creat ed on Sat urday. The Christ ians chose Sunday, which is t he day t he creat ion was init iat ed. Allah chose Friday for t his Ummah, because it is t he day t he creat ion was finished.Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ギ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボよ͡ ゅｚジャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ͡ ゅ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ » ヵ͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グワ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ∩ゅ∠レヤ͡∇らホ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャや やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ルや∠ギヰ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カゅ∠プ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や チ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ン∠ケゅ∠ダレｚ ャや∠ヱ や⇔ギビ ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ∩∀ノら∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠レ∠ャ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャゅ∠プ «ギ∃ ビ ∠

(We are t he last (t o come) but t he first on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hough t he former nat ions were given t he Script ures before us. And t his was t heir day (Friday) t he celebrat ion of which was made compulsory for t hem, but t hey differed about it . So, Allah gave us guidance t o it , and all ot her people are coming aft er us: t he Jews t omorrow and t he Christ ians t he day aft er t omorrow.'' This is t he wording of Al-Bukhari in anot her narrat ion of Muslim;

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ∩ゅ∠レヤ∠∇らホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ る͡ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や モ ｚッ ∠ ぺ∠» ∩͡ギェ ∠ ほ∠∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ン∠ケゅ∠ダレｚ ヤ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∩͡ろ∇らジ ｚ ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ͡キヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ヤ͡ャ モ ∠ バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ∩͡るバ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ルや∠ギヰ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠レ͡よ ぶ ⊥ や ￢∠ ゅ∠イプ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ノ∀ ら∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ギェ ∠ ほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ろ ∠ ∇らジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ る∠ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱｚ ほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ∩ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ͡ ゅ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや «ペ ͡ も͡ ゅ∠ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヶ ぁツ ͡ ∇ボヨ∠ ∇ャや る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ (Allah divert ed t hose who were before us from Friday. For t he Jews t here was Sat urday, and for t he Christ ians t here was Sunday. Allah t hen brought us and guided us t o Friday. He made t hem; Friday, Sat urday and Sunday, and it is in t his order t hey will come aft er us on t he Day of Resurrect ion. We are t he last of among t he people of t his world and t he first among t he creat ed t o be j udged on t he Day of Resurrect ion.)

Necessity of the Remembrance of Allah on Friday, by attending the Khutbah and the Prayer Allah commanded t he believers t o gat her t o worship Him on Friday,

ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ͡ョ り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ヤ͡ャ ン ∠ キ͡ ヲ⊥ル や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヲバ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ る͡ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや (O you who believe! When t he call is proclaimed for t he Salah on Al-Jumu` ah (Friday), t hen hast en (Fas` aw) t o t he remembrance of Allah) meaning, go t o it and head for it . The meaning of Sa` y (hast en) here does not refer t o walking quickly. It only refers t o t he import ance of it . ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab and Ibn Mas` ud - may Allah be pleased wit h t hem - recit ed it ; (やヲ⊥ツ∇ョゅ∠プ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ ぶ ͡ や) ("Then proceed t o t he remembrance of Allah.'') As for walking in hast e t o t he prayer, t hat was indeed prohibit ed, since it was recorded in t he Two Sahihs from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Prophet said,

ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ り͡ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ やヲ⊥ゼ∇ョゅ∠プ る∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ホみ͡∇ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ や∠クま͡» ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ミケ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ ∩やヲ⊥ハゲ͡ ∇ジゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ホヲ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ る∠ レ∠ Β͡ムジ ｚ ャや «やヲぁヨゎ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ やヲぁヤダ ∠ プ∠ (When you hear t he Iqamah, proceed t o offer t he prayer wit h calmness and solemnit y and do not rush. And pray what ever you cat ch, and complet e what ever you have missed.) This is t he wording wit h Al-Bukhari. Abu Qat adah said, "While we were praying behind t he Messenger of Allah he heard commot ion. At t he end of t he prayer, t he Prophet said;

«∇ユム⊥ ル⊥ ∇ほセ ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (What is t he mat t er wit h you) They said, ` We hast ened t o t he prayer.' The Prophet said,

ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ やヲ⊥ゼ∇ョゅ∠プ り∠ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡ ∩やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ » «やヲぁヨゎ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠プ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ やヲぁヤダ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ミケ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ る∠ レ∠ Β͡ムジ ｚ ャや (Don't do t hat . When you come for prayer, t here should be t ranquilit y upon you. Pray what remains of t he prayer and complet e what you have missed.)'' The Two Sahihs collect ed t his Hadit h. Al-Hasan comment ed, "By Allah! Hast ening t o t he prayer is not accomplished by t he feet . Indeed t hey were prohibit ed from coming t o prayer wit hout t ranquilit y and dignit y. Rat her it is about t he heart s, t he int ent ion, and t he submission.'' Qat adah said,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヲバ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ "(t hen hast en t o t he remembrance of Allah) means t hat you have t o hast en t o t he prayer wit h your heart and act ions, and walk t o it .'' It is recommended for t hose coming t o t he Friday prayer t o perform Ghusl (t aking bat h) before t hey come. It is collect ed in t he Two Sahihs t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said t hat Allah's Messenger said,

«∇モジ ͡ わ∠ ∇ピΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ る∠ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ や∠クま͡» (When one of you comes t o t he Friday prayer, t hen let him perform bat h.) The Two Sahihs recorded t hat Abu Sa` id said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ユ∃ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇エョ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヴヤ∠ハ ∀ょ͡ィや∠ヱ る͡ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ モ ⊥ ∇ジビ ⊥» (Ghusl on t he day of Jumu` ah is Waj ib (required) from every Muht alim. ) Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said,

る͡ バ∠ ∇らシ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヶ͡プ モ ∠ジ ͡ わ∠ ∇ピΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ユ∃ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヴヤ∠ハ ぶ ペ ｘェ ∠» «ロ⊥ ギ∠ ジ ∠ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ シ ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ モ ⊥ジ ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ∩∃ュゅｚΑぺ∠ (It is Allah's right on every Muslim t o bat he during every seven days, by washing his head and body.) Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h. Jabir narrat ed t hat Allah's Messenger said,

モ ⊥ ∇ジビ ⊥ ュ∃ ゅｚΑ∠ぺ る͡ バ∠ ∇らシ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヶ͡プ ユ∃ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴヤ∠ハ» «る͡ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ (Wit hin every seven days, every Muslim man has t he obligat ion t o perform Ghusl at least one day, t he day of Jumu` ah.) Ahmad, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Hibban collect ed t his Hadit h.

Virtues of Jumu` ah Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Aws bin ` Aws At h-Thaqafi said t hat he heard Allah's Messenger say,

ゲ∠ ム∠ わ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ ゲ∠ ムｚ よ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ モ ∠ジ ∠ わ∠ ∇ビや∠ヱ モ ∠ジ ｚビ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ノ∠ ヨ∠ わ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ュ͡ ゅ∠ョみ͡∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ルキ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∇ょミ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ゼョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰョ⊥ ゅ∠Βタ ͡ る∃ レ∠ シ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ り∃ ヲ∠ ∇トカ ⊥ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∩⊥ヒ∇ヤΑ∠ «ゅ∠ヰョ⊥ ゅ∠Βホ͡ ヱ∠ (Whoever performs Ghusl (well) on t he day of Jumu` ah, leaves early, walking not riding, and sit s close t o t he Imam and list ens wit hout t alking, will earn t he reward of fast ing and performing st anding (in prayer) for an ent ire year for every st ep he t akes.) This Hadit h has various chains of narrat ion, t he compilers of t he Four Sunan collect ed it , and At -Tirmidhi graded it Hasan. The Two Sahihs also recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゥ ∠ や∠ケ ｚユを⊥ る͡ よ∠ ゅ∠レイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ジビ ⊥ る͡ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ モ ∠ジ ∠ わ∠ ∇ビや リ ͡ ョ∠ » ゥ ∠ や∠ケ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⇔る∠ル∠ギ∠よ ゆ ∠ ゲｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ∠ほ∠ム∠プ ヴ∠ャヱ⊥ほ∇ャや る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ヶ͡プ ゥ ∠ や∠ケ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⇔りゲ∠ ボ∠ よ∠ ゆ ∠ ゲｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ∠ほ∠ム∠プ る͡ Β∠ ル͡ ゅｚんャや る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ヶ͡プ

∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ラゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ゅ⇔ゼ∇らミ∠ ゆ ∠ ゲｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ∠ほ∠ム∠プ る͡ ん∠ ャ͡ゅｚんャや る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ヶ͡プ ∩⇔るィ ∠ ゅ∠ィキ∠ ゆ ∠ ゲｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ほ∠ム∠ プ∠ る͡ バ∠ よ͡ やｚゲャや る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ヶ͡プ ゥ ∠ や∠ケ ゆ ∠ ゲｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ほ∠ム∠ プ∠ る͡ ジ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ガ∇ャや る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ヶ͡プ ゥ ∠ や∠ケ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや れ ͡ ゲ∠ ツ ∠ ェ ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ョみ͡∇ャや ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩⇔るツ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ «ゲ∠ ∇ミグあ ャや ∠ラヲ⊥バ͡ヨ∠わ∇ジ∠Α (Any person who t akes a bat h on Friday like t he bat h for sexual impurit y and t hen goes for t he prayer in t he first hour, it is as if he had sacrificed a camel. Whoever goes in t he second hour, it is as if he had sacrificed a cow. Whoever goes in t he t hird hour, t hen it is as if he had sacrificed a horned ram. If one goes in t he fourt h hour, t hen it is as if he had sacrificed a hen. Whoever goes in t he fift h hour, t hen it is as if he had offered an egg. When t he Imam appears, t he angels present t hemselves t o list en t o Allah's remembrance.) It is recommended t hat one cleans his body, performs Ghusl, wears his best clot hes, applies perfume and uses Siwak (t oot h st ick) for Jumu` ah. We ment ioned t hat Abu Sa` id narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ユ∃ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇エョ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヴヤハ ∠ ∀ょ͡ィや∠ヱ る͡ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ モ ⊥ ∇ジビ ⊥» «ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ょ ͡ Β͡デ ∇リョ͡ ザ ｚ ヨ∠ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ヱ∠ ポ ⊥ や∠ヲジ あ ャや∠ヱ (Ghusl on t he day of Jumu` ah is Waj ib (required) from every Muht alim and also using Siwak and applying some of his household's perfume.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Ayyub Al-Ansari said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah say, w

ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ょ ͡ Β͡デ ∇リョ͡ ザ ｚ ョ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ モ ∠ジ ∠ わ∠ ∇ビや リ ͡ ョ∠ » ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠Βを͡ リ ͡ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ザ ∠ ら͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラま͡ ク͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ や∠ギよ∠ ∇ラま͡ ノ∠ ミ∠ ∇ゲΒ∠ プ∠ ギ∠ イ ͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ヶ ∠ ヤあダ ∠ Α⊥ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ⊥ ゅ∠ョま͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ や∠クま͡ ろ ∠ ダ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ «ン∠ゲ∇カほ⊥∇ャや る͡ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅｚヘミ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ (Whoever performs Ghusl on Friday and applies perfume, if he has any, wears his best clot hes, t hen goes t o t he Masj id and performs volunt ary prayer, if he wishes, does not bot her anyone, list ens when t he Imam appears unt il he st art s t he prayer. Then all of t his will be an expiat ion for what ever occurs bet ween t hat Friday and t he next Friday.) Abu Dawud and Ibn Maj ah

recorded in t heir Sunans t hat ` Abdullah bin Salam said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah say, while on t he Minbar:

る͡ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ヲを∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇セや ヲ͡ ャ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ» «ヮ͡ わ͡ レ∠ ∇ヰョ͡ ∇ヶよ∠ ∇ヲを∠ ン∠ヲシ ͡ (What harm would it cause if one of you bought t wo garment s for t he day of Jumu` ah, ot her t han t he garment he wears daily) ` A'ishah said t hat during a speech he gave on a Friday when he saw people wearing Nimar garment s, t he Messenger of Allah said,

リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ヲを∠ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ る⇔ バ∠ シ ∠ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ» «ヮ͡ わ͡ レ∠ ∇ヰョ͡ ∇ヶよ∠ ∇ヲを∠ ン∠ヲシ ͡ ヮ͡ わ͡ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ャ͡ (When one of you has wealt h, he should keep t wo garment s for Friday, ot her t han t he t wo garment s he has for his daily wear.) Ibn Maj ah collect ed t his Hadit h.

The Meaning of the Call in the Ayah is the Adhan that precedes the Khutbah Allah said,

び͡るバ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ͡ョ り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ヤ͡ャ ン ∠ キ͡ ヲ⊥ル や∠クま͡ぴ (When t he call is proclaimed for t he Salah on Friday,) referring t o t he Adhan which was called, during t he t ime of t he Prophet , when he came out of his house and sat on t he Minbar. The Adhan would be called before t he Prophet near t he door of t he Masj id. As for t he earlier Adhan t hat t he Leader of t he fait hful, ` Ut hman bin Affan added, it was done because t he Muslims increased in number during his t ime. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat As-Sa'ib bin Yazid said, "In t he lifet ime of t he Prophet , Abu Bakr and ` Umar, t he Adhan for t he Friday prayer was pronounced while t he Imam sat on t he pulpit . But during ` Ut hman's lat er t ime when t he Muslims increased in number, an addit ional call was pronouced upon Az-Zawra', meaning t he Adhan was called upon t he house which was called Az-Zawra''' Az-Zawra' was t he t allest house in Al-Madinah near t he Masj id.

Prohibiting buying and selling after the Call on Friday, and the Exhortation to seek Provisions after it Allah said,

び∠ノ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ケク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and leave off business.) means, hast ening t o t he remembrance of Allah and abandoning business, when t he call t o t he Friday prayer is made. Therefore, t he scholars of Islam agree, it is prohibit ed for Muslims t o engage in business t ransact ions aft er t he second Adhan. Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That is bet t er for you if you did but know!) means, ` your abandoning buying and selling, and inst ead, corcent rat ing your at t ent ion t o Allah's remembrance and t he prayer are bet t er for you in t his life and t he Hereaft er, if you but knew.' Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥りヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ろ ͡ Β∠ ツ ͡ ホ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (Then when t he Salah is complet e,) means, when t he Friday prayer is finished,

び͡ヮヤｚャや モ ͡ ∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ わ∠ ルゅ∠プぴ (you may disperse t hrough t he land, and seek t he bount y of Allah,) Aft er Allah forbade Muslims from working aft er hearing t he Adhan and ordered t hem t o gat her for t he Friday prayer, He allowed t hem t o spread t hroughout t he eart h and seek bount y aft er t he prayer is finished. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat when t he Friday prayer finished, ` Irak bin Malik would st and by t he gat e of t he Masj id and invoke Allah, saying, "O Allah! I have accept ed and complied wit h Your Call, performed t he prayer You ordered and dispersed as You ordered me. Therefore, grant me of Your favor and You are t he best of t hose who grant provisions.'' Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ラヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚ∠バャｚ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ (and remember Allah much, t hat you may be successful.) means, while you are buying and selling, giving and t aking, remember Allah much and do not let t his life busy you from what benefit s you in t he Hereaft er. There is a Hadit h t hat st at es,

ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ベ ͡ や∠ヲ∇シほ∠∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ⇔ホヲ⊥シ モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ マ ∠ Α͡ゲセ ∠ ゅ∠ャ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ブ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ∩∀ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ «る∃ ゃ∠ Βあ シ ∠ ブ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゅ∠エ∠ョ∠ヱ る∃ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ (Whoever ent ers a market place and says, "La ilaha illallah, He is alone wit hout part ners, His is t he sovreignt y and His is t he praise, and He is Able t o do all t hings.'' Then Allah will record a t housand-t housand (a million) good deeds for him and will erase a t housand-t housand evil deeds.) Muj ahid said, "A servant (of Allah) will not be among t hose who remember Allah oft en, unt il he does so while st anding, sit t ing and lying down.''

ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲぁツヘ∠ ルや や⇔ヲ∇ヰャ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ⇒∠イゎ͡ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ り͡ ゲ∠ ⇒∠イわあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ヲ͡ ∇ヰヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ゅ⇔ヨ͡もべ∠ホ びリ ∠ Β͡ホコ͡ ゲ∠ ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ (11. And when t hey see some merchandise or some amusement , t hey disperse headlong t o it , and leave you st anding. Say: "That which Allah has is bet t er t han any amusement or merchandise! And Allah is t he best of providers.'')

The Prohibition of leaving the Masjid while the Imam is delivering the Friday Sermon crit icizes what happened during one Friday sermon, when a caravan arrived at Al-Madinah and t he people rushed out t o t he merchandise. Allah said,

ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲぁツヘ∠ ルや や⇔ヲ∇ヰャ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ⇒∠イゎ͡ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び⇔ゅヨ͡もべ∠ホ (And when t hey see some merchandise or some amusement , t hey disperse headlong t o it , and leave you st anding.) meaning, on t he Minbar, delivering t he Khut bah. Several of t he Tabi` in said t his, such as Abu Al-` Aliyah, Al-Hasan, Zayd bin Aslam and Qat adah. Muqat il bin Hayyan said t hat t he caravan belonged t o Dihyah bin Khalifah before he became a Muslim, and t here were drums accompanying it .So t hey rushed t o t he caravan and left Allah's Messenger st anding on t he Minbar. Only a few remained, according t o t he aut hent ic Hadit h t hat Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jabir said, "Once, a caravan arrived at Al-Madinah while Allah's Messenger was giving a Khut bah. So, t he people left , and only t welve men remained ぴwit h t he Messenger び. Then Allah sent down t his Ayah,

びゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲぁツヘ∠ ルや や⇔ヲ∇ヰャ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ⇒∠イゎ͡ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t hey see some merchandise or some amusement , t hey disperse headlong t o it ,)'' The Two Sahihs also recorded t his Hadit h. Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔ゅヨ͡もべ∠ホ ∠ポヲ⊥ミ∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ (And leave you st anding.) proves t hat t he Imam should deliver t he speech on Friday while st anding. In his Sahih, Imam Muslim recorded t hat Jabir bin Samurah said, "(During Jumu` ah,) t he Prophet gave t wo speeches, and he used t o sit bet ween t hem. The Prophet would recit e t he Qur'an and remind t he people (of Allah).'' Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "That which Allah has...'') means t he reward t hat is wit h Allah in t he Hereaft er,

ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ り͡ ゲ∠ ⇒∠イわあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ヲ͡ ∇ヰヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カぴ び∠リΒ͡ホコ͡ ゲ∠ ャや (is bet t er t han any amusement or merchandise! And Allah is t he best of providers.) means, for t hose who t rust in Him and seek His provisions when t hey are allowed t o do so. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Jumu` ah. All praise and t hanks are due t o Allah and from Him comes t he success and immunit y from error.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Munafiqun (Chapter - 63) Which was revealed in Al-Madinah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ぴ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シゲ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚま͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヱぁギダ ∠ プ∠ る⇔ レｚ ィ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚ や - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ べ∠シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ∠ ら͡ ト ⊥ プ∠ やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ｚユを⊥ や∂ヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ィぺ∠ マ ∠ ら⊥ イ ͡ ∇バゎ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ り∀ ギ∠ レｚ ジ ∠ ョぁ ∀ょゼ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ∇ノヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠

∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ ∇ェゅ∠プ ぁヱギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ る∃ エ ∠ ∇Βタ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムプ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヴｚルぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠ゎ∠ ゅ∠ホ (1. When t he hypocrit es come t o you, t hey say: "We bear wit ness t hat you are indeed t he Messenger of Allah.'' Allah knows t hat you are indeed His Messenger, and Allah bears wit ness t hat t he hypocrit es are liars indeed.) (2. They have made t heir oat hs a screen. Thus t hey hinder (ot hers) from t he pat h of Allah. Verily, evil is what t hey used t o do.) (3. That is because t hey believed, and t hen disbelieved; t herefore t heir heart s are sealed, so t hey underst and not .) (4. And when you look at t hem, t heir bodies please you; and when t hey speak, you list en t o t heir words. They are as blocks of wood propped up. They t hink t hat every cry is against t hem. They are t he enemies, so beware of t hem. May Allah curse t hem! How are t hey denying t he right pat h)

The Case of the Hypocrites and their Behavior Allah t he Exalt ed st at es t hat t he hypocrit es pret ended t o be Muslims when t hey went t o t he Prophet . In realit y, t hey were not Muslims, but rat her t he opposit e. This is why Allah t he Exalt ed said,

メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや (When t he hypocrit es come t o you, t hey say: "We bear wit ness t hat you are indeed t he Messenger of Allah.'') meaning, ` when t he hypocrit es come t o you, t hey announce t his st at ement and pret end t o believe in it .' Allah informs t hat t here is no subst ance t o t heir st at ement , and t his is why He said,

び⊥ヮャ⊥ヲ⊥シ∠ゲ∠ャ マ ∠ ルｚま͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (Allah knows t hat you are indeed His Messenger,) t hen said,

び∠ラヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ムャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah bears wit ness t hat t he hypocrit es are liars indeed.) meaning, t heir claims, even t hough it is t rue about t he Prophet . But t hey did not believe inwardly in what t hey declared out wardly, and t his is why Allah declared t heir falsehood about t heir creed. Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ヮヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヱぁギダ ∠ プ∠ る⇔ レｚ ィ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヱ∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ やぴ (They have made t heir oat hs a screen. Thus t hey hinder (ot hers) from t he pat h of Allah.) meaning, t he hypocrit es shield t hemselves from Muslims when t hey falsely and sinfully swear t o be what t hey are not in realit y. Some Muslims were deceived because t hey did not know t heir falsehood, and t hus, t hought t hat t hey were Muslims. Some Muslims believed what hypocrit es

say and even imit at ed t hem in t heir out ward behavior. However, inwardly, hypocrit es seek t he dest ruct ion of Islam and it s people, and t his is why t rust ing t hem might bring great harm t o many people. This is why Allah said next ,

∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ￢∠ べ∠シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヱぁギダ ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ (Thus t hey hinder (ot hers) from t he pat h of Allah. Verily, evil is what t hey used t o do.) Allah said,

∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ∠ ら͡ ト ⊥ プ∠ やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ｚユを⊥ や∂ヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ (That is because t hey believed, and t hen disbelieved; t herefore t heir heart s are sealed, so t hey underst and not .) meaning, He has decreed t hem t o be hypocrit es because t hey revert ed from fait h t o disbelief and exchanged guidance for misguidance. Therefore, Allah st amped and sealed t heir heart s and because of it , t hey cannot comprehend t he guidance, nor any goodness can reach t heir heart s. Truly, t heir heart s neit her underst and, nor at t ain guidance. Allah said,

∇ノヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ィぺ∠ マ ∠ ら⊥ イ ͡ ∇バゎ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ (And when you look at t hem, t heir bodies please you; and when t hey speak, you list en t o t heir words.) meaning, hypocrit es have a graceful out er appearance and are eloquent . When one hears t hem speak, he will list en t o t heir eloquent words, even t hough hypocrit es are t ruly weak and feeble, full of fear, fright and cowardice. Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ る∃ エ ∠ ∇Βタ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ∠ラヲ⊥ら∠ジ∇エ∠Αぴ (They t hink t hat every cry is against t hem.) means, every t ime an incident occurs or somet hing fright ening happens, t hey t hink t hat it is headed t heir way. This is indicat ive of t heir cowardice, j ust as Allah said about t hem,

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ フ ⊥ ∇ヲガ ∠ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ る⇔ エ ｚセ ͡ ぺ∠ぴ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ケ⊥ ヱギ∠ゎ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ る⇔ エ ｚセ ͡ ぺ∠ キ∃ や∠ギェ ͡ る∃ レ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ャほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ミヲ⊥ボヤ∠シ ∠ フ ⊥ ∇ヲガ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ワ∠ ク∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠

∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや テ ∠ ら∠ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ (Being miserly t owards you t hen when fear comes, you will see t hem looking t o you, t heir eyes revolving like (t hose of) one over whom hovers deat h; but when t he fear depart s, t hey will smit e you wit h sharp t ongues, miserly t owards good. Such have not believed. Therefore Allah makes t heir deeds fruit less and t hat is ever easy for Allah.) (33:19) They are shapes t hat do not have much subst ance, and t his is why Allah said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ムプ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヴｚルぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠ゎ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ ∇ェゅ∠プ ぁヱギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ぴ (They are t he enemies, so beware of t hem. May Allah curse t hem! How are t hey denying t he right pat h) means, how t hey are being led ast ray t o t he misguidance, away from t he guidance. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,

る∀ レ∠ ∇バャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ｚΒエ ͡ ゎ∠ :ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ れ ∃ ゅ∠ョゅ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボプ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡» ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∀メヲ⊥ヤビ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ Β͡レビ ∠ ヱ∠ ∀る∠ら∇ヰル⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩やゲ⇔ ∇よキ∠ ゅｚャま͡ り∠ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩や⇔ゲ∇イワ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ギ∠ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャゅ͡よ ∀ょゼ ⊥カ ⊥ ∩∠ラヲ⊥ヘャ∠∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘャ∠∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ «ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャゅ͡よ ∀ょガ ⊥シ ⊥ る∃ Α∠ や∠ヱケ͡ ヶ͡プヱ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャゅ͡よ ∀ょガ ⊥タ ⊥ (Hypocrit es have cert ain signs t hat t hey are known by. Their greet ing is really a curse, t heir food is from st ealing and t he war boot y t hey collect is from t heft . They shun t he Masj id and t hey do not come t o t he prayer but at it s end. They are arrogant ; it is neit her easy for t hem t o blend in, nor it is easy for people t o blend wit h t hem. They are like pieces of wood by night and are noisy by day.)

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ユ⊥ワヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ シ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ∇や∇ヱヲｚ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ れ ∠ ∇ゲヘ∠ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シ リ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ リ∠ャ

ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇リョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ Ι ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ⊥ も͡ へ∠ゴカ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヱ∠ ∇やヲぁツヘ∠ レ∠Α ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ͡ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゴぁ ハ ∠Ι ｘや リ ｚィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガΒ⊥ ャ∠ る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇バ∠ィケｚ リゃ͡ ャ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シゲ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ り⊥ ｚゴバ͡ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヱ∠ メ ｚ ク∠ Ι ｘや び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや (5. And when it is said t o t hem: "Come, so t hat t he Messenger of Allah may ask forgiveness from Allah for you,'' t hey t wist t heir heads, and you would see t hem t urning away t heir faces in pride.) (6. It is equal t o t hem whet her you ask forgiveness or ask not forgiveness for t hem, Allah will never forgive t hem. Verily, Allah guides not t he people who are t he rebellious.) (7. They are t he ones who say: "Spend not on t hose who are wit h Allah's Messenger, unt il t hey desert him.'' And t o Allah belong t he t reasures of t he heavens and t he eart h, but t he hypocrit es comprehend not .) (8. They say: "If we ret urn t o Al-Madinah, indeed t he more honorable will expel t herefrom t he weaker.'' But Al-` Izzah belongs t o Allah, and t o His Messenger, and t o t he believers, but t he hypocrit es know not .)

Hypocrites are not interested to ask the prophet to ask Allah to forgive Them Allah t he Exalt ed st at es about t he hypocrit es, may Allah curse t hem,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ∠シヱ⊥￢ケ⊥ ∇や∇ヱヲｚ ャ∠ (And when it is said t o t hem: "Come, so t hat t he Messenger of Allah may ask forgiveness from Allah for you,'' t hey t wist t heir heads,) meaning, t hey t urn away, ignoring t his call in arrogance, belit t - ling what t hey are invit ed t o. This is why Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ユ⊥ワヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁギダ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and you would see t hem t urning away t heir faces in pride.) Allah punished t hem for t his behavior, saying,

リ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ れ ∠ ∇ゲヘ∠ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀￢へ∠ヲ∠シぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ (It is equal t o t hem whet her you ask forgiveness or ask not forgiveness for t hem, Allah will never forgive t hem. Verily, Allah guides not t he people who are t he rebellious.) As Allah said in Surat Bara'ah, and a discussion preceded t here, and here we will present some of t he Hadit hs report ed t hat are relat ed t o it . Several of t he Salaf ment ioned t hat t his ent ire passage was revealed in t he case of ` Abdullah bin Ubay bin Salul, as we will soon ment ion, Allah willing and our t rust and reliance are on Him. In his book, As-Sirah, Muhammad bin Ishaq said, "Aft er t he bat t le of Uhud ended, t he Prophet ret urned t o Al-Madinah. ` Abdullah bin Ubay bin Salul -- as Ibn Shihab narrat ed t o me -- would st and up every Friday, wit hout obj ect ion from anyone because he was a chief of his people, when t he Prophet would sit on t he Minbar, j ust before he delivered t he Jumu` ah Khut bah t o t he people. ` Abdullah bin Ubay would say, ` O people! This is t he Messenger of Allah wit h you. Allah has honored us by sending him and gave you might t hrough him. Support him, honor him and list en t o and obey him.' He would t hen sit down. So aft er t he bat t le of Uhud, even aft er he did what he did, t hat is, ret urning t o Al-Madinah wit h a t hird of t he army, he st ood up t o say t he same words. But t he Muslims held on t o his clot hes and said t o him, ` Sit down, O enemy of Allah! You are not wort hy t o st and aft er you did what you did.' ` Abdullah went out of t he Masj id crossing people's lines and saying, ` By Allah, it is as if I said somet hing awful when I want ed t o support him.' Some men from Al-Ansar met him at t he gat e of t he Masj id and asked him what happened. He said, ` I j ust st ood up t o support him and some men, his Companions, j umped at me, pulled me back and admonished me, as if what I said was an awful t hing; I merely want ed t o support him.' They said t o him, ` Woe t o you! Go back so t hat Allah's Messenger asks Allah t o forgive you.' He said, ` By Allah, I do not wish t hat he ask Allah t o forgive me.''' Qat adah and As-Suddi said, "This Ayah was revealed about ` Abdullah bin Ubay. A young relat ive of his went t o Allah's Messenger and conveyed t o him an awful st at ement t hat ` Abdullah said. The Messenger called ` Abdullah, who swore by Allah t hat he did not say anyt hing. The Ansar went t o t hat boy and admonished him. However, Allah sent down what you hear about ` Abdullah's case and Allah's enemy was t old, ` Go t o Allah's Messenger,' but he t urned his head away, saying t hat he will not do it .'' Muhammad bin Ishaq said t hat Muhammad bin Yahya bin Hibban, ` Abdullah bin Abi Bakr and ` Asim bin ` Umar bin Qat adah narrat ed t o him t he st ory of Bani Al-Must aliq. They said t hat while t he Messenger of Allah was in t hat area, Jahj ah bin Sa` id Al-Ghifari, a hired hand for ` Umar, and Sinan bin Wabr fought over t he wat er source. Sinan called out , "O Ansar'', while Al-Jahj ah called, "O Muhaj irin!'' Zayd bin Arqam and several Ansar men were sit t ing wit h ` Abdullah bin Ubay bin Salul at t hat t ime. When ` Abdullah heard what happened, he said, "They are bot hering us in our land. By Allah, t he parable of us and t hese foolish Quraysh men, is t he parable t hat goes, ` Feed your dog unt il it becomes st rong, and it will eat you.' By Allah, when we go back t o Al-Madinah, t he most might y will expel t he weak from it .'' He t hen addressed his people who were sit t ing wit h him, saying t o t hem, "What have you done t o yourselves You let t hem set t le in your land and shared your wealt h wit h t hem. By Allah, if you abandon t hem, t hey will have t o move t o anot her area ot her t han yours.'' Zayd bin Arqam heard t hese words and conveyed t hem t o Allah's Messenger . Zayd was a young boy t hen. ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab was wit h t he Messenger and he said, "O Allah's Messenger! Order ` Abbad bin Bishr t o cut off his head at his neck.'' The Prophet replied,

モ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ や⇔ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ハ ⊥ ゅ∠Α サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゐ ∠ ギｚ エ ∠ ゎ∠ や∠クま͡ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ » «モΒ͡ェゲｚ ャや ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ハ ⊥ ゅ∠Α キ͡ ゅ∠ル ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ャ ∩⊥ヮよ∠ ゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠

(What if people st art ed saying t hat Muhammad kills his companions, O ` Umar No. However, order t he people t o st art t he j ourney (back t o Al-Madinah).) When ` Abdullah bin Ubay bin Salul was t old t hat his st at ement reached Allah's Prophet , he went t o him and denied saying it . He swore by Allah t hat he did not ut t er t he st at ement t hat Zayd bin Arqam conveyed. ` Abdullah bin Ubay was a chief of his people and t hey said, "O Allah's Messenger! May be t he young boy merely guessed and did not hear what was said correct ly.'' Allah's Messenger st art ed t he j ourney at an unusual hour of t he day and was met by Usayd bin Al-Hudayr, who greet ed him acknowledging his prophet hood. Usayd said, "By Allah! You are about t o begin t he j ourney at an unusual t ime.'' The Prophet said,

ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ユ∠ ハ ∠ コ∠ ∨∠ヶよ∠ ぺ⊥ リ ⊥ ∇よや マ ∠ ら⊥ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ゅ∠ョぺ∠» «メ∠クほ∠∇ャや ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゴぁ ハ ∠ ほ∠∇ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΒ⊥ シ ∠ る∠ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ギ͡ ホ∠ や∠クま͡ (Did not t he st at ement of your friend, Ibn Ubay reach you He claimed t hat when he ret urns t o Al-Madinah, t he might y one will expel t he weak one out of it .) Usayd said, "Indeed, you are t he might y one, O Allah's Messenger, and he is t he disgraced one.'' Usayd said, "Take it easy wit h him, O Allah's Messenger! By Allah, when Allah brought you t o us, we were about t o gat her t he pearls (of a crown) so t hat we appoint him king over us. He t hinks t hat you have rid him of his kingship.'' The Messenger of Allah t raveled wit h t he people unt il t he night fell, t hen t he rest of t he night unt il t he beginning of t he next day and t hen set camp wit h t he people. He want ed t o busy t hem from t alking about what had happened. The minut e people felt t he ground under t heir feet , t hey went t o sleep and Surat Al-Munafiqin was revealed. Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr AlBayhaqi recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said, "We were in a bat t le wit h Allah's Messenger and a man from t he Emigrant s kicked an Ansari man. The Ansari man called out , ` O Ansar!' and t he Emigrant called out , ` O Emigrant s!' Allah's Messenger heard t hat and said,

«る∠レ͡わ∇レョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰルｚ み͡プ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ハ∠キ ∨͡るΒｚ ヤ͡ワ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや ン∠ヲ∇ハキ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠よ ゅ∠ョ» (What is t his call of Jahiliyyah Abandon it because it is offensive.) ` Abdullah bin Ubay heard t hat and said, ` Have t hey (t he Emigrant s) done so By Allah, if we ret urn t o Al-Madinah, surely, t he more honorable will expel t herefrom t he meaner.' The Ansar at t hat t ime, were more numerous t hat t he Emigrant s when t he Messenger of Allah came t o Al-Madinah, but lat er on t he Emigrant s imcreased in number. When t his st at ement reached t he Prophet , ` Umar got up and said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Let me chop off t he head of t his hypocrit e!' The Prophet said:

モ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ や⇔ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゐ ⊥ ギｚ エ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩⊥ヮ∇ハキ∠ » «ヮ∠よゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ (Leave him, lest t he people say t hat Muhammad kills his companions.)'' Imam Ahmad, AlBukhari and Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h. ` Ikrimah and Ibn Zayd and ot hers said t hat when t he Prophet and his Companions went back t o Al-Madinah,` Abdullah, t he son of ` Abdullah bin Ubay bin Salul, remained by t he gat e of Al-Madinah holding his sword. People passed by him as t hey ret urned t o Al-Madinah, and t hen his fat her came. ` Abdullah, son of ` Abdullah, said t o his fat her, "St ay where you are,'' and his fat her asked what t he mat t er was His son said, "By Allah! You will ent er t hrough here unt il t he Messenger of Allah allows you t o do so, for he is t he honorable one and you are t he disgraced.'' When t he Messenger of Allah came by, and he used

t o be in t he last lines, ` Abdullah bin Ubay complained t o him about his son and his son said, "By Allah, O Allah's Messenger! He will not ent er it unt il you say so.'' The Messenger gave his permission t o ` Abdullah bin Ubay and his son said, "Ent er, now t hat t he Messenger of Allah gave you his permission.'' In his Musnad, Abu Bakr ` Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr Al-Humaydi recorded from Abu Harun Al-Madani t hat ` Abdullah, t he son of ` Abdullah bin Ubay bin Salul, said t o his fat her, "You will never ent er Al-Madinah unless and unt il you say, ` Allah's Messenger is t he honorable one and I am t he disgraced.'' When t he Prophet came, ` Abdullah, son of ` Abdullah bin Ubay bin Salul said t o him, "O Allah's Messenger! I was t old t hat you have decided t o have my fat her execut ed. By He Who has sent you wit h Trut h, I never looked st raight t o his face out of respect for him. But if you wish, I will bring you his head, because I would hat e t o see t he killer of my fat her.''

∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヰ͡ ∇ヤゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚョ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ͡レゎ∠ ∇ゲカ ｚ ぺ∠ Ι∇ヲャ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョあ リ⊥ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ベ ∠ ギｚ タ ｚ ほ∠プ∠ ょ ∃ Α͡ゲホ∠ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ べ∠ヰヤ⊥ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゲ∠ カ あ ぽ∠ Α⊥ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ (9. O you who believe! Let not your propert ies or your children divert you from t he remembrance of Allah. And whosoever does t hat , t hen t hey are t he losers.) (10. And spend of t hat wit h which We have provided you before deat h comes t o one of you, and he says: "My Lord! If only You would give me respit e for a lit t le while, t hen I should give Sadaqah from my wealt h, and be among t he right eous.) (11. And Allah grant s respit e t o none when his appoint ed t ime comes. And Allah is All-Aware of what you do.)

The Importance of not being too concerned with the Matters of the Worldly Life, and being Charitable before Death Allah t he Exalt ed orders His fait hful servant s t o remember Him frequent ly and t o refrain from being dist ract ed from His remembrance by indulging in t heir propert ies and children excessively. Allah informs t hem t hat t hose who engage in t his life, it s delight s and at t ribut es and were busied from t he obedience and remembrance of Allah, for which t hey were creat ed, will be among t he losers. They will lose t hemselves and t heir families on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Allah encourages t he believers t o spend in His cause,

ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚョ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ ょ ∃ Α͡ゲホ∠ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ͡レゎ∠ ∇ゲカ ｚ ぺ∠ Ι∇ヲャ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや びリ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョあ リ⊥ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ベ ∠ ギｚ タ ｚ ほ∠プ∠ (And spend of t hat wit h which We have provided you before deat h comes t o one of you, and he says: "My Lord! If only You would give me respit e for a lit t le while, t hen I should give Sadaqah from my wealt h, and be among t he right eous.) Surely, every person who fell int o short comings will regret it by t he t ime of his deat h and will ask for respit e, even a short period, so t hat he does bet t er and at t ains what he missed. No, rat her what occurred, has occurred and what is coming, shall indeed come. Each will be held account able for his mist akes. As for t he disbelievers, t hey will be as Allah said about t hem,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グ∠バ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ケ͡ グ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ マ ∠ ゎ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ∇ょイ ͡ ルぁ ょ ∃ Α͡ゲホ∠ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠ル∇ゲカ あ ぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ モ ∠シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ノ͡ ら͡ わｚ ル∠ ヱ∠ びメ ∃ や∠ヱコ∠ リあョ (And warn mankind of t he Day when t he t orment will come unt o t hem; t hen t he wrongdoers will say:"Our Lord! Respit e us for a lit t le while, we will answer Your call and follow t he Messengers!'' (It will be said): "Had you not sworn aforet ime t hat you would not leave.'') (14:44), and,

ラ ͡ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ケや ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ヴあヤバ∠ ャ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ォ ∀ コ∠ ∇ゲよ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥も͡ べ∠ホ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ (Unt il, when deat h comes t o one of t hem, he says: "My Lord! send me back. So t hat I may do good in t hat which I have left behind!'' No! It is but a word t hat he speaks; and behind t hem is Barzakh (a barrier) unt il t he Day when t hey will be resurrect ed.) (23:99-100) Then Allah said;

∀ゲΒ͡ら∠カ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ べ∠ヰヤ⊥ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゲ∠ カ あ ぽ∠ Α⊥ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡

(And Allah grant s respit e t o none when his appoint ed t ime comes. And Allah is All-Aware of what you do.) meaning, when t he t ime of deat h comes, no one will be grant ed respit e. Surely, HSe is t he Most Knowledgeable and t an what t hey did before. Allah said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is All-Aware of what you do.) This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Munafiqun. All praise and t hanks are due t o Allah, and all success and immunit y from error come from Him.

The Tafsir of Surat At-Taghabun (Chapter - 64) Which was revealed in Al-Madinah or Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ (In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ Α⊥ ぴ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ - ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョぁ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョヱ∠ ∀ゲ͡プゅ∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ヨプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ - ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ∠ タ ⊥ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ ヲｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ - ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや れ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ユ⊥ Β͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レヤ͡∇バゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲジ ͡ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ び ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや (1. What soever is in t he heavens and what soever is on t he eart h glorifies Allah. His is t he dominion, and t o Him belongs t he praise, and He is Able t o do all t hings.) (2. He it is Who creat ed you, t hen some of you are disbelievers and some of you are believers. And Allah is AllSeer of what you do.) (3. He has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h wit h t rut h, and He shaped you and made good your shapes. And t o Him is t he ret urn.) (4. He knows what is in t he heavens and on eart h, and He knows what you conceal and what you reveal. And Allah is t he All-Knower of what is in t he breast s.)

Praising Allah and mentioning His Creation and Knowledge This is t he last Surah among Al-Musabbihat . We ment ioned before t hat all creat ures praise t he glory of Allah, t heir Creat or and Owner. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び⊥ギ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (His is t he dominion, and t o Him belongs t he praise,) meaning, He is t he One Who has cont rol over all creat ion, t he One praised for all He creat ed and decreed. Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He is Able t o do all t hings.) means t hat what ever He wills occurs wit hout resist ance, and what ever He does not will, never occurs. Allah said,

び∀リョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョヱ∠ ∀ゲ͡プゅ∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ヨプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He it is Who creat ed you, t hen some of you are disbelievers and some of you are believers.) meaning, Allah creat ed you wit h t hese charact erist ics and He willed t hat for you. Therefore, t here will be believers and disbelievers. Surely, Allah is t he One Who sees t hose who deserve guidance and t hose who deserve misguidance. He is t he Wit ness over His servant 's deeds and He will complet ely recompense t hem. This is why Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∀ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is All-Seer of what you do. ) Allah said,

びあペエ∇ャゅ͡よ チ ∠ ∇ケΕ ∠ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ぴ (He has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h wit h t rut h,) wit h equit y and wisdom,

び∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ∠ タ ⊥ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ ヲｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He shaped you and made good your shapes.) He made you in t he best shapes and forms. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ン͡グャｚや - ユ͡ Α͡ゲム∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲｚ ビ ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ￢∠ べ∠セ ゅｚョ り∃ ケ∠ ヲ⊥タ ン あ ぺ∠ ヴ͡プ - マ ∠ ャ∠ギ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ポ ∠ やｚヲジ ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ びマ ∠ ら∠ ミｚ ケ∠ (O man! What has made you careless about your Lord, t he most Generous Who creat ed you, fashioned you perfect ly and gave you due proport ion; in what ever form He willed, He put you t oget her.) (82:6-8) And His saying,

￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ や⇔ケや∠ゲ⇒∠ホ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ⇒⊥ムャ∠ モ ∠ ⇒∠バィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユ⇒⊥ムホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユ⇒⊥ミケ∠ ヲ∠ タ ⊥ リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ ∇ユ⇒⊥ミケ∠ ヲｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⇔ べ⇒∠レよ͡ び͡ろ⇒∠らΒあ ト ｚ ャや (Allah, it is He Who has made for you t he eart h as a dwelling place and t he sky as a canopy, and has given you shape and made your shapes good (looking) and has provided you wit h good t hings.) (40:64) and His saying;

び⊥ゲΒ͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t o Him is t he ret urn.) means t he ret urn and final dest inat ion. Allah t hen informs of His knowledge of all t hat t here is in t he heavens, in t he eart h and in t he souls, He said:

ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ぴ び ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ユ⊥ Β͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ヤ∇バゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁゲジ ͡ ゎ⊥ (He knows what is in t he heavens and on eart h, and He knows what you conceal and what you reveal. And Allah is t he All-Knower of what is in t he breast s.)

メ ∠ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホや∠グプ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やぽ⊥ ら∠ ル∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほゎｚ ろ∠ルゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ム∠ プ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ルヱ⊥ギ∇ヰ∠Α ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ び ∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ヴ ｘ レ͡ ビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ∠レ∇ピわ∠ ∇シやｚヱ ∇やヲｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎ∠ヱ

(5. Has not t he news reached you of t hose who disbelieved aforet ime And so t hey t ast ed t he evil result of t heir disbelief, and t heirs will be a painful t orment .) (6. That was because t here came t o t hem t heir Messengers wit h Bayyinat , but t hey said: "Shall mere men guide us'' So t hey disbelieved and t urned away. But Allah was not in need. And Allah is not in need, Wort hy of all praise.)

A Warning delivered through mentioning the End of the Disbelieving Nations Informing about t he past nat ions and t he t orment and disciplinary lessons t hat t hey suffered because of opposing t he Messengers and denying t he t rut h. Allah says;

び⊥モ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やぽ⊥ ら∠ ル∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Has not t he news reached you of t hose who disbelieved aforet ime) meaning, informat ion about t hem and what happened t o t hem,

び∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホや∠グプ∠ ぴ (And so t hey t ast ed t he evil result of t heir disbelief.) They t ast ed t he evil consequences of t heir denial and sinful act ions. And it refers t o t he punishment and humiliat ion t hey received in t he life of t he world,

び∀ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and t heirs will be a painful t orment .) in t he Hereaft er, added t o t he t orment t hey received in t his life. Allah explained why;

び͡ろ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほゎｚ ろ∠ルゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That was because t here came t o t hem t heir Messengers wit h Bayyinat ,) support ing argument s, evidence, and clear proofs,

びゅ∠レル∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ (but t hey said:"Shall mere men guide us'') They discount ed and dismissed t he possibilit y t hat t he Message would be sent t o a human and t hat t heir guidance would come by t he hands of a man like t hemselves,

び∇やヲｚャヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ム∠ プ∠ ぴ (So t hey disbelieved and t urned away.) t hey denied t he t rut h and t urned away from abiding by it ,

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ヴ∠レ∇ピわ∠ ∇シやｚヱぴ (But Allah was not in need.) of t hem,

び∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ヴ ｘ レ͡ ビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is not need, Wort hy of all praise.)

ヴあよケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ リｚャ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ∠ ハ ∠ コ∠ ぴ ∀ゲΒ͡ジ∠Α ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ｚラぽ⊥ ｚらレ∠ わ⊥ ャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ｚリん⊥ バ∠ ∇らわ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや ケ͡ ヲ∂レャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ノ͡ ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ͡ョ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ リ ͡ よ⊥ ゅ∠ピわｚ ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ゲヘあ ム∠ Α⊥ ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ べ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや (7. The disbelievers pret end t hat t hey will never be resurrect ed. Say: "Yes! By my Lord, you will cert ainly be resurrect ed, t hen you will be informed of what you did; and t hat is easy for Allah.'') (8. Therefore, believe in Allah and His Messenger and in t he Light which We have sent down. And Allah is All-Aware of what you do.) (9. The Day when He will gat her you on t he Day of Gat hering, t hat will be t he Day of At -Taghabun. And whosoever believes in Allah and performs right eous deeds, He will expiat e from him his sins, and will admit him t o Gardens beneat h which rivers flow, t o dwell t herein forever; t hat will be t he great success.) (10. But t hose who disbelieved and denied Our Ayat , t hey will be t he dwellers of t he Fire, t o dwell t herein forever. And worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion

Life after Death is True Allah t he Exalt ed informs about t he disbelievers, idolat ors and t he at heist s t hat t hey claim t hat t hey will not be resurrect ed,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ｚラぽ⊥ ｚらレ∠ わ⊥ ャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ｚリん⊥ バ∠ ∇らわ⊥ ャ∠ ヴあよ∠ケ∠ヱ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Yes! By my Lord, you will cert ainly be resurrect ed, t hen you will be informed of what you did...'') meaning, ` you will be informed of all of your act ions, whet her maj or or minor, big or small,'

び∀ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat is easy for Allah.) ` resurrect ing and recompensing you is easy for Allah.' This is t he t hird Ayah in which Allah orders His Messenger t o swear by His Lord, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, t hat Resurrect ion occurs. The first is in Surah Yunus,

ペ ｘエ ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴあよ∠ケ∠ヱ ン͡ま ∇モホ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ペ ｘェ ∠ ぺ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ゃら͡ ∇レわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ∇バヨ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョヱ∠ (And t hey ask you t o inform t hem: "Is it t rue'' Say: "Yes! By my Lord! It is t he very t rut h! and you can not escape it !'') (10:53), The second is in Surah Saba',

ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇モホ⊥ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ゅ∠レΒ͡ゎ∇ほ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユム⊥ レｚ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほわ∠ ャ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヱ∠ (Those who disbelieve say: "The hour will not come t o us.'' Say: "Yes, by my Lord, it will come t o you...'') (34:3), and t he t hird is t his Ayah,

ヴあよケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ リｚャ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ユ∠ ハ ∠ コ∠ ぴ ∀ゲΒ͡ジ∠Α ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ｚラぽ⊥ ｚらレ∠ わ⊥ ャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ｚリん⊥ バ∠ ∇らわ⊥ ャ∠ び (The disbelievers pret end t hat t hey will never be resurrect ed. Say: "Yes! By my Lord, you will cert ainly be resurrect ed, t hen you will be informed of what you did; and t hat is easy for Allah.'') Allah t he Exalt ed said,

びゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや ケ͡ ヲ∂レャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ぴ (Therefore, believe in Allah and in His Messenger and in t he Light which We have sent down.) t hat is, t he Qur'an,

び∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is All-Aware of what you do.) none of your deeds ever escapes His knowledge.

The Day of At-Taghabun Allah said,

び͡ノ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day when He will gat her you on t he Day of Gat hering,) meaning t he Day of Resurrect ion. This is t he Day when t he earlier and lat er generat ions will all be gat hered in one area, a caller would be heard by t hem all, and one's vision would easily see t hem all. Allah said,

び∀キヲ⊥ヰ∇ゼョｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∀ネヲ⊥ヨ∇イョｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ (That is t he Day whereon mankind will be gat hered t oget her, t hat is a Day when all will be present .) (11:103), and,

ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハヲ⊥ヨ∇イヨ∠ ャ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び ュ∃ ヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ボΒ͡ョ (Say: "(Yes) verily, t hose of old, and t hose of lat er t imes. All will surely be gat hered t oget her for appoint ed meet ing of a known Day.'') (56:49-50) Allah's st at ement ,

び͡リよ⊥ ゅ∠ピわｚャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (t hat will be t he Day of At -Taghabun) Ibn ` Abbas said, "It is one of t he names of t he Day of Judgement , and t hat is because t he people of Paradise will have gained over t he people of t he Fire.'' Qat adah and Muj ahid said similarly. Muqat il bin Hayyan said, "There is no mut ual loss and gain great er t han t hese ent ering Paradise and t hose being t aken t o t he Fire.'' Allah explained His st at ement saying;

リ∠ョヱ∠ リ ͡ よ⊥ ゅ∠ピわｚ ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ノ͡ ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ゲヘあ ム∠ Α⊥ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ͡ョ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヱ∠

∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ べ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ び ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ (And whosoever believes in Allah and performs right eous deeds, He will expiat e from him his sins, and will admit him t o Gardens beneat h which rivers flow (Paradise), t o dwell t herein forever; t hat will be t he great success. But t hose who disbelieved and denied Our Ayat , t hey will be t he dwellers of t he Fire, t o dwell t herein forever. And worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion.) We explained t hese meanings several t imes before.

リ͡ョ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ ら∠ Β͡ダョぁ リ͡ョ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョぴ ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ら∠ ∇ヤホ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βャｚヲ∠ゎ ラ͡みプ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや - リ ⊥ Β͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヒ⊥ ⇒ヤ∠ら∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや (11. No calamit y occurs, but by t he permission of Allah, and whosoever believes in Allah, He guides his heart . And Allah is t he All-Knower of everyt hing.) (12. Obey Allah, and obey t he Messenger; but if you t urn away, t hen t he dut y of Our Messenger is only t o convey clearly.) (13. Allah! La ilaha illa Huwa. And in Allah t herefore let t he believers put t heir t rust .)

All that occurs to Mankind is by Allah's Permission Allah informs us as He did in Surat Al-Hadid,

ヴ͡プ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ る∃ ら∠ Β͡ダョぁ リ͡ョ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョぴ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ べ∠ワぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇らルｚ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ょ ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ び ∀ゲΒ͡ジ∠Α ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (No calamit y occurs on t he eart h or in yourselves but it is inscribed in a record before We bring it int o exist ence. Verily, t hat is easy for Allah.) (57:22) Allah said here,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ る∃ ら∠ Β͡ダョぁ リ͡ョ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョぴ (No calamit y occurs, but by t he permission of Allah,) Ibn ` Abbas said; "By t he command of Allah,'' meaning from His decree and will.

び∀ユΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ら∠ ∇ヤホ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ͡ョ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and whosoever believes in Allah, He guides his heart . And Allah is t he All-Knower of everyt hing.) meaning, whoever suffered an afflict ion and he knew t hat it occurred by Allah's j udgement and decree, and he pat ient ly abides, await ing Allah's reward, t hen Allah guides his heart , and will compensat e him for his loss in t his life by grant ing guidance t o his heart and cert aint y in fait h. Allah will replace what ever he lost for Him wit h t he same or what is bet t er. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas,

び⊥ヮら∠ ∇ヤホ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ͡ョ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and whosoever believes in Allah, He guides his heart .) "Allah will guide his heart t o cert aint y. Therefore, he will know t hat what reached him would not have missed him and what has missed him would not have reached him.'' There is an agreed upon Hadit h ぴt hat Al-Bukhari and Muslim collect ed andび which st at es,

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅｚャま͡ ￢⇔ ゅ∠ツホ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヶ͡ツ∇ボ∠Α ゅ∠ャ リ ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ⇔ら∠イ∠ハ» や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ゲ∠ ら∠ タ ∠ ￢⊥ やｚゲッ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ゲ∠ ム∠ セ ∠ ￢⊥ やｚゲシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ «リ͡ョ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ (Amazing is t he believer: There is no decree t hat Allah writ es for him, but is bet t er for him. If an afflict ion st rikes him, he is pat ient and t his is bet t er for him. If a bount y is grant ed t o him, he is t hankful and t his is bet t er for him. This t rait is only for t he fait hful believer.)

The Order to obey Allah and His Messenger Allah said,

び∠メヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Obey Allah, and obey t he Messenger;) Allah commands obedience t o Him and t o His Messenger in all t hat His legislat es and in implement ing His orders. Allah also forbids one from all t hat His Messenger forbids and prohibit s. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び⊥リΒ͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ∠ら∇ャや ゅ∠レャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βャｚヲ∠ゎ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (but if you t urn away, t hen t he dut y of Our Messenger is only t o convey clearly.) meaning, ` if you refrain from abiding by t he fait h, t hen t he Messenger's mission is t o convey and your mission is t o hear and obey. 'Az-Zuhri said, "From Allah comes t he Message, it s deliverance is up t o t he Messenger, and t he adherence is up t o us.''

Tawhid Allah st at es t hat He is t he One, Whom all creat ions need and seek, t he One ot her t han Whom t here is no (t rue) God.

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ び (Allah! La ilaha illa Huwa. And in Allah t herefore let t he believers put t heir t rust .) So, He first informs about Tawhid and it s meaning. The implied meaning is t o single Him out for deificat ion, being purely devot ed t o Him, and relying upon Him, as He said;

ロ⊥ ∇グガ ͡ ｚゎゅ∠プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ゆ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケｚ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ (The Lord of t he east and t he west ; La ilaha illa Huwa. So t ake Him alone as Trust ee.) (73:9)

∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ∇やヲ⊥エヘ∠ ∇ダゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇バゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ ∇ェゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ や⇔ヱ∂ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ョ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ｚウセ ⊥ ベ ∠ ヲ⊥Α リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル６Ι ゅ⇔レ∠ジェ ∠ ゅ⇔ッ∇ゲホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇ボゎ⊥ ラ͡ま - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや

ユ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ハ - ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ェ ∀ケヲ⊥ムセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ヘバ͡ ⇒∠ツΑ⊥ び ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや り͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや (14. O you who believe! Verily, among your wives and your children t here are enemies for you; t herefore beware of t hem! But if you pardon (t hem) and overlook, and forgive, t hen verily, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (15. Your wealt h and your children are only a Fit nah, whereas Allah! Wit h Him is a great reward.) (16. So have Taqwa of Allah as much as you can; list en and obey, and spend in charit y; t hat is bet t er for yourselves. And whosoever is saved from his own greed, t hen t hey are t he successful ones.) (17. If you lend t o Allah a handsome loan, He will double it for you, and will forgive you. And Allah is Shakur, Halim,) (18. AllKnower of t he unseen and seen, t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.)

Warning against the Fitnah of Spouses and Offspring Allah st at es t hat some wives and children are enemies t o t heir husbands and fat hers, in t hat t hey might be busied wit h t hem rat her t han wit h performing t he good deeds. Allah said in anot her Ayah,

∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヰ͡ ∇ヤゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや (O you who believe! Let not your propert ies or you children divert you from t he remembrance of Allah. And whosoever does t hat t hen t hey are t he losers.) (63:9) Allah t he Exalt ed said here,

び∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ ∇ェゅ∠プぴ (t herefore, beware of t hem!) for your religion, according t o Ibn Zayd. Muj ahid explained t he Ayah ,

び∇ユム⊥ ャｚ や⇔ヱ∂ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, among your wives and your children t here are enemies for you;) by saying, "They might direct t he man t o sever his relat ion or disobey his Lord. The man, who loves his wives and children, might obey t hem in t his case.'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t o a man who asked him about t his Ayah,

∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ ∇ェゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ や⇔ヱ∂ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ (O you who believe! Verily, among your wives and your children t here are enemies for you; t herefore beware of t hem!) "There were men who embraced Islam in Makkah and want ed t o migrat e t o Allah's Messenger . However, t heir wives and children refused t o allow t hem. Lat er when t hey j oined Allah's Messenger , t hey found t hat t hose who were wit h him (t he Companions) have gained knowledge in t he religion, so t hey were about t o punish t heir wives and children. Allah t he Exalt ed sent down t his Ayah,

∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エ∠ヘ∇ダ∠ゎ∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇バゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ (But if you pardon (t hem) and overlook, and forgive, t hen verily, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)'' At -Tirmidhi collect ed t his Hadit h and said t hat it is Hasan Sahih. Allah's st at ement ,

∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ (Your wealt h and your children are only a Fint ah, whereas Allah! Wit h Him is a great reward.) Allah said t hat t he wealt h and children are a t est and t rial from Allah t he Exalt ed for His creat ures, so t hat He knows t hose who obey Him and t hose who disobey Him. Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ロギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (whereas Allah! Wit h Him) meaning, on t he Day of Resurrect ion,

び∀ユΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺぴ (is a great reward.) As Allah said;

リ ∠ Β͡レら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ヰ∠ ゼ ｚ ャや ぁょェ ⊥ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ リ ∠ Αあ コ⊥ ぴ モ ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ る͡ ツ ｚ ヘ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ワ∠ グｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ ト ∠ レ∠ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゲ͡ Β͡ト⇒∠レボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ

り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ⇒∠わョ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゐ ͡ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΕ ∠ や∠ヱ る͡ ョ∠ ヲｚ ジ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや びゆ ͡ ほ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ⊥ ∇ジェ ⊥ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや (Beaut ified for men is t he love of t hings t hey covet ; women children, Qanat ir Al-Muqant arah of gold and silver, branded beaut iful horses, cat t le and well-t illed land. This is t he pleasure of t he present world's life; but Allah has t he excellent ret urn wit h him.) (3:14), and t he Ayah aft er it . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Buraydah said, "The Messenger of Allah was giving a speech and AlHasan and Husayn came in wearing red shirt s, walking and t ripping. The Messenger descended from t he Minbar, held t hem and placed t hem in front of t hem and said,

∩∀るレ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ キ⊥ ゅ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ⊥や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ やベ ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ » ∩͡ラや∠ゲん⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠Βゼ ͡ ∇ヨΑ∠ リ ͡ ∇ΒΒｚ ら͡ ダ ｚ ャや リ ͡ ∇Αグ∠ ワ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ れ ⊥ ∇ゲヌ ∠ ル∠ «ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ わ⊥ ∇バプ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡んΑ͡ギェ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇バト ∠ ホ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ (Allah and His Messenger said t he t rut h,` Verily, your wealt h and your children are a Fit nah.' I saw t hese t wo boys walking and t ripping and could not be pat ient unt il I st opped my speech and picked t hem up.)'' This was recorded by t he Sunan compilers, and At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib.''

The Order for Taqwa, as much as One is Capable Allah said,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ョ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プぴ (So have Taqwa of Allah as much as you can;) meaning, as much as you are able and can bear or endure. The Two Sahihs recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ やヲ⊥わ∇もゅ∠プ ゲ∃ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ゲョ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡» «ロヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇Βヰ∠ ル∠ (When I command you t o do somet hing, do as much as you can of it , and what ever I forbid for you, t hen avoid it .) Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ

(list en and obey,) means, obey what Allah and His Messenger command you t o do and do not st ray from it t o t he right or left . Do not ut t er a st at ement or make a decision before Allah and His Messenger issue a st at ement or decision. Do not ignore what you were ordered t o do, nor commit what you were forbidden from doing.

Encouraging Charity Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル６Ι や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボ͡ヘ∇ル∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (and spend in charit y; t hat is bet t er for yourselves.) meaning, give from what Allah has grant ed you t o your relat ives, t he poor, t he needy and t he weak. Be kind t o Allah's creat ures, j ust as Allah was and st ill is kind wit h you. This will be bet t er for you in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Ot herwise, if you do not do it , it will be worse for you in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Allah said;

び∠ラヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ｚウセ ⊥ ベ ∠ ヲ⊥Α リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever is saved from his own greed, t hen t hey are t he successful ones.) This was explained wit h a similar Ayah in Surat Al-Hashr, where we also ment ioned t he relevant Hadit hs. Therefore, we do not need t o repeat t hem here, all praise and grat it ude is due t o Allah. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ヘバ͡ ⇒∠ツΑ⊥ ゅ⇔レ∠ジェ ∠ ゅ⇔ッ∇ゲホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇ボゎ⊥ ラ͡まぴ び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ (If you lend t o Allah a handsome loan, He will double it for you, and will forgive you.) meaning, what ever you spend, t hen Allah will replace it , and on Him will be t he reward of what ever you give away in charit y. Allah considered giving charit y as if it is a loan t o Him, j ust as Allah said in a Qudsi Hadit h,

«ユΑ͡ギハ ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ュ∃ ヲ⊥ヤニ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ チ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ボΑ⊥ ∇リョ∠ » ("Who will give a loan t o He Who is neit her unj ust nor poor'') This is why Allah t he Exalt ed said in Surat Al-Baqarah,

び⇔りゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ ゅ⇔プゅ∠バ∇ッぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヘ∠ ハ ͡ ゅ∠ツΒ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (So t hat He may mult iply it t o him many t imes) (2:245) Allah said;

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and will forgive you.) meaning, He will erase your mist akes,

び∀ケヲ⊥ムセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is Shakur) meaning, He gives abundant ly in ret urn for what was lit t le,

び∀ユΒ͡ヤェ ∠ぴ (Halim) means, He forgives, pardons, covers and absolves t he sins, mist akes, errors and short comings,

び ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや り͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ハぴ (All-Knower of t he unseen and seen, t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.) It s explanat ion has already preceded several t imes. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat At -Taghabun, all t he praise and appreciat ion is due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat At-Talaq (Chapter - 65) Which was revealed in Al-Madinah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ (In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

リ ｚ ヰ͡ ゎ͡ ギｚ バ͡ ャ͡ ｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥ボヤあト ∠ プ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ジレあ ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ボｚヤデ ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほΑぴ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱ り∠ ギｚ バ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ダ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ る∃ ゼ ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠ヘよ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ ∇ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ リ͡ョ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ∠ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ ギｚ バ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ⊥ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ る∃ レ∠ Βあ ら∠ ョぁ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゐ ⊥ ギ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや モ ｚ バ∠ ャ∠ ン͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠ニ ∠ び (1. O Prophet ! When you divorce women, divorce t hem at t heir ` Iddah and count t heir ` Iddah. And have Taqwa of Allah, your Lord. And t urn t hem not out of t heir homes nor shall t hey leave,

except in case t hey are guilt y of Fahishah Mubayyinah. And t hose are t he set limit s of Allah. And whosoever t ransgresses t he set limit s of Allah, t hen indeed he has wronged himself. You know not , it may be t hat Allah will aft erward bring some new t hing t o pass.)

There is a Period during which Divorced Women remain in Their Homes The Prophet was addressed first in t his Ayah, t o honor him, even t hough his Ummah is also being addressed in Allah's st at ement ,

びｚリヰ͡ ゎ͡ ギｚ バ͡ ャ͡ ｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥ボヤあト ∠ プ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ジレあ ャや ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ボｚヤデ ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほΑぴ (O Prophet ! When you divorce women, divorce t hem at t heir ` Iddah) Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar divorced his wife, during t he lifet ime of Allah's Messenger , while she was menst ruat ing. ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab ment ioned t hat t o Allah's Messenger . Allah's Messenger became angry and said,

ヂ ∠ Β͡エゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠ゲヰ⊥ ∇ト∠ゎ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ムジ ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇バィ ͡ や∠ゲΒ⊥ ャ͡» や⇔ゲワ͡ ゅ∠デ ゅ∠ヰ∇ボヤあト ∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰボ∠ ヤあト ∠ Α⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ や∠ギよ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩∠ゲヰ⊥ ∇トわ∠ プ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ヶ͡わャｚや り⊥ ｚギバ͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇ヤわ͡ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰジ ｚ ヨ∠ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ «モ∠ィヱ∠ (Order him t o t ake her back and keep her unt il she is clean from her menses, and t hen t o wait unt il she get s her next period and becomes clean again. Then, if he wishes t o divorce her, he can divorce her when she is clean from her menses, before he has sexual int ercourse wit h her. This is t he ` Iddah which Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored has fixed.) Al-Bukhari recorded t his Hadit h in several part s of his Sahih. Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h and his narrat ion uses t hese words,

«￢ゅ∠ジレあャや ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ペ ∠ ヤｚト ∠ Α⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ヶ͡わャｚや り⊥ ｚギバ͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇ヤわ͡ プ∠ » (This is t he ` Iddah which Allah has fixed for t he women being divorced.) In his Sahih, Muslim has recorded a Hadit h which is a more appropriat e version from a narrat ion of Ibn Jurayj who said t hat Abu Az-Zubayr informed him t hat he heard ` Abdur-Rahman bin Ayman, t he freed slave of ` Azzah, quest ioning ` Abdullah bin ` Umar. And Abu Az-Zubayr heard t he quest ion, "What about a man who divorces his wife while she is st ill on her menses'' ` Abdullah answered, "During t he t ime of Allah's Messenger , ` Abdullah bin ` Umar divorced his wife who was menst ruat ing in t he life t ime of Allah's Messenger . So Allah's Messenger said:

«ゅ∠ヰ∇バィ ͡ や∠ゲΒ⊥ ャ͡» (Let him t ake her back.) so she ret urned and he said:

«マ͡ジ∇ヨΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ペヤあト ∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ∇れゲ∠ ヰ⊥ デ ∠ や∠クま͡» (When she is pure, t hen eit her divorce or keep her.) ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said, "Allah's Messenger recit ed t his Ayah: (ゅヰぁΑぺ∠ゅΑ ヶ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや やク͡ま ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ボｚヤデ ∠ ￢∠ ゅジあレャや ｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥ボヤあト ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡プ モ ͡ ら⊥ ホ⊥ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ゎ͡ ギｚ ハ ͡ ) (O Prophet ! When you divorce women, divorce t hem at t heir ` Iddah) And ` Abdullah (Ibn Mas` ud) comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びｚリヰ͡ ゎ͡ ギｚ バ͡ ャ͡ ｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥ボヤあト ∠ プ∠ ぴ (divorce t hem at t heir ` Iddah) He said, "Purit y wit hout int ercourse.'' Similar was report ed from Ibn ` Umar, ` At a', Muj ahid, Al-Hasan, Ibn Sirin, Qat adah, Maymun bin Mihran and Muqat il bin Hayyan. It is also report ed from ` Ikrimah and Ad-Dahhak.` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas about t he Ayah;

びｚリヰ͡ ゎ͡ ギｚ バ͡ ャ͡ ｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥ボヤあト ∠ プ∠ ぴ (divorce t hem at t heir ` Iddah), "He does not divorce her while she is on her menses nor while she is pure if he has had int ercourse during t hat (purit y). Rat her, he leaves her unt il she has her menses and aft er t he menses ends, t hen he divorces her once.'' And ` Ikrimah said about

びｚリヰ͡ ゎ͡ ギｚ バ͡ ャ͡ ｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥ボヤあト ∠ プ∠ ぴ (divorce t hem at t heir ` Iddah), "The ` Iddah is made up of clean- liness and t he menst rual period.'' So he divorces her while it is clear t hat she is pregnant , or he does not due t o having sex, or since he does not know if she is pregnant or not . This is why t he scholars said t hat t here are t wo t ypes of divorce, one t hat conforms t o t he Sunnah and anot her innovat ed. The divorce t hat conforms t o t he Sunnah is one where t he husband pronounces one divorce t o his wife when she is not having her menses and wit hout having had sexual int ercourse wit h her aft er t he menses ended. One could divorce his wife when it is clear t hat she is pregnant . As for t he innovat ed divorce, it occurs when one divorces his wife when she is having her menses, or aft er t he menses ends, has sexual int ercourse wit h her and t hen divorces her, even t hough he does not know if she became pregnant or not . There is a t hird t ype of divorce, which is neit her a Sunnah nor an innovat ion where one divorces a young wife who has not begun t o have menses, t he wife who is beyond t he age of having menses, and divorcing one's wife before t he marriage was consummat ed. Allah said,

び∠りギｚ バ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ダ∇ェ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ (and count t heir ` Iddah.) meaning, count for it and know it s beginning and end, so t hat t he ` Iddah does not become prolonged for t he woman and she cannot get married again,

び∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And have Taqwa of Allah, your Lord.) in t his mat t er.

Spending and Housing is up to the Husband during the Revocable ` Iddah Period Allah said,

び∠リ∇ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ リ͡ョ ｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (And t urn t hem not out of t heir homes nor shall t hey leave,) meaning, during t he durat ion of t he ` Iddah, she has t he right t o housing from her husband, as long as t he ` Iddah period cont inues. Therefore, t he husband does not have t he right t o force her out of her house, nor is she allowed t o leave his house, because she is st ill t ied t o t he marriage cont ract . Allah said,

び∃るレ∠ Βあ ら∠ ョぁ る∃ ゼ ∠ェ ͡ ゅ∠ヘよ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except in case t hey are guilt y of Fahishah Mubayyinah.) meaning t hat t he divorced wife is not t o abandon her husband's house unless she commit s Fahishah Mubayyinah, in which case, she vacat es her husband's house. For example, Fahishah Mubayyinah implies adult ery, according t o ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud, Ibn ` Abbas, Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib, Ash-Sha` bi, Al-Hasan, Ibn Sirin, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Abu Qilabah, Abu Salih, Ad-Dahhak, Zayd bin Aslam, ` At a' Al-Khurasani, As-Suddi, Sa` id bin Hilal and ot hers. Fahishah Mubayyinah implies disobeying her husband openly or when she abuses her husband's family in words and act ions, according t o Ubay bin Ka` b, Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah and ot hers. Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ヮヤｚャや キ⊥ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hose are t he set limit s of Allah.) means, t hese are from His legislat ion and prohibit ions,

び͡ヮヤｚャや キ∠ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ ギｚ バ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever t ransgresses t he set limit s of Allah,) meaning, whoever violat es t hese limit s, t ransgresses t hem and implement s anyt hing else besides t hem,

び⊥ヮジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠ニ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (t hen indeed he has wronged himself.) by doing so.

The Wisdom of ` Iddah at the Husband's House Allah said,

び⇔やゲ∇ョぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゐ ⊥ ギ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや モ ｚ バ∠ ャ∠ ン͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ

(You know not , it may be t hat Allah will aft erward bring some new t hing t o pass.) meaning, ` We commanded t hat t he divorced wife remains in her husband's house during t he ` Iddah period, so t hat t he husband might regret his act ion and Allah decides t hat t he husband feels in his heart for t he marriage t o cont inue.' This way, ret urning t o his wife will be easier for him. Az-Zuhri said t hat ` Ubaydullah bin ` Abdullah said t hat Fat imah bint Qays said about Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔やゲ∇ョぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゐ ⊥ ギ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや モ ｚ バ∠ ャ∠ ン͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (You know not , it may be t hat Allah will aft erward bring some new t hing t o pass.) "Taking her back.'' Similar was said by Ash-Sha` bi, ` At a', Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, Muqat il bin Hayyan and At hThawri.

The Irrevocably Divorced Woman does not have a Right to Provisions and Accommodations from the Husband Here t he view of t he scholars of t he Salaf and t hose who follow t hem is t hat housing is not obligat ory in t he case of t he irrevocably divorced woman. They also relied on t he Hadit h of Fat imah bint Qays Al-Fihriyah when her husband Abu ` Amr bin Hafs divorced her t he t hird and final t ime. He was away from her in Yemen at t he t ime, and he sent her his decision t o divorce her. He also sent some barley wit h his messenger, but she did not like t he amount or met hod of compensat ion. He said, "By Allah I am not obligat ed t o spend upon you.'' So, she went t o Allah's Messenger , who said,

«る∠ボヘ∠ ル∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ͡ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠» (There is no obligat ion on him t o spend on you.) Muslim added in his narrat ion,

«ヴ∠レ∇ムシ ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ » (nor housing.) And he ordered her t o finish her ` Iddah period in t he house of Umm Sharik. He t hen said,

リ ͡ ∇よや ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ヵあギわ∠ ∇ハや ∩ヶ͡よゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ り∀ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ » «マ∠よゅ∠Βを͡ リ ∠ Β͡バツ ∠ ゎ∠ ヴ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∩∃ュヲ⊥わ∇ムョ∠ あュぺ⊥ (She is a woman my Companions visit . Spend t his period in t he house of Ibn Umm Makt um, for he is a blind man; ぴhe cannot see you if び you t ake off your garment s.) Imam Ahmad collect ed t his Hadit h using anot her chain of narrat ion. In his narrat ion, t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヴ∠レ∇ムジ ぁ ャや∠ヱ る⊥ ボ∠ ヘ∠ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ザ ∃ ∇Βホ∠ メ ͡へ ろ ∠ ∇レよ͡ ゅ∠Α ヵ͡ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルや» ∩∀るバ∠ ∇ィケ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ∩ゅ∠ヰィ ͡ ∇ヱコ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ り͡ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ る∠ ボ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ る∀ バ∠ ∇ィケ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ «る∠ルゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヶ͡ャゴ͡ ∇ルゅ∠プ ヶ͡ィゲ⊥ ∇カや∩ヴ∠レ∇ムシ ⊥ (Look O daught er of t he family of Qays! Spending and housing are required from t he husband who can ret urn t o his wife. So if he does not have t he right t o ret urn t o her, t hen she does not have t he right t o spending and housing. So leave his house and go t o so-and-so woman.) He t hen said,

ュ∃ ヲ⊥わ∇ムョ∠ あュぺ⊥ リ ͡ ∇よや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヶ͡ャゴ͡ ∇ルや ∩ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゐ ⊥ ギｚ エ ∠ わ∠ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡» «ポや∠ゲΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ヴ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ (They speak t o her. Therefore, go t o Ibn Umm Makt um, for he is a blind man and cannot see you.) Abu Al-Qasim At -Tabarani recorded t hat ` Amir Ash-Sha` bi went t o Fat imah bint Qays, sist er of Ad-Dahhak bin Qays, from t he t ribe of Quraysh. Fat imah was married t o Abu ` Amr bin Hafs bin Al-Mughirah, from Bani Makhzum. She said, "Abu ` Amr bin Hafs sent me his decision t o divorce me while he was in an army t hat had gone t o Yemen. I asked his friends t o provide me wit h financial provisions and housing. They said, ` He did not send us anyt hing for t hat , nor did he request it from us.' I went t o Allah's Messenger and said t o him, ` O Allah's Messenger! Abu ` Amr bin Hafs divorced me, and I asked his friends t o provide me wit h spending and housing and t hey said t hat he did not send t hem anyt hing for t hat .' Allah's Messenger said,

ゅ∠ヰィ ͡ ∇ヱゴ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や∠クま͡ り͡ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ る⊥ ボ∠ ヘ∠ レｚ ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠レ∇ムジ ぁ ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡» ウ ∠ ム͡ ∇レゎ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ぁエ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∀るバ∠ ∇ィケ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ «ヴ∠レ∇ムシ ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ る∠ ボ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ :ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔ィ∇ヱ∠コ (Spending and housing are required from t he husband for his divorced wife if he can ret urn t o her. If she is not permit t ed for him anymore, unt il she marries anot her husband, t hen he does not have t o provide her wit h spending and housing.)'' An-Nasa'i also recorded t his narrat ion.

∇ヱぺ∠ フ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ よ͡ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ムジ ͡ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠ィ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇ピヤ∠よ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ メ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ ン∠ヱク∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ フ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ よ͡ ｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥ホケ͡ ゅ∠プ

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ナ ⊥ハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ り∠ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ∠バ∇イΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ わｚ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ょ ⊥ ジ ͡ わ∠ ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇ホコ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ィ∠ゲ∇ガョ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ヒ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠よ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ び や⇔ケ∇ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ (2. Then when t hey are about t o at t ain t heir t erm appoint ed, eit her t ake t hem back in a good manner or part wit h t hem in a good manner. And t ake as wit ness t wo j ust persons from among you. And est ablish t he t est imony for Allah. That will be an admonit ion given t o him who believes in Allah and t he Last Day. And whosoever has Taqwa of Allah, He will make a way for him t o get out .) (3. And He will provide him from where he never could imagine. And whosoever put s his t rust in Allah, t hen He will suffice him. Verily, Allah will accomplish his purpose. Indeed Allah has set a measure for all t hings.)

Ordaining Kindness towards Divorced Women Allah t he Exalt ed says t hat when t he woman who is in her ` Iddah nears t he end of t he ` Iddah t erm, t he husband must decide t o reconcile wit h her, t hus keeping t heir marriage t oget her,

び∃フヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ よ͡ ぴ (in a good manner) while being kind t o her in t heir companionship. Ot herwise, he must decide t o divorce her on good t erms, wit hout abusing, cursing, or admonishing her. To t he cont rary, he should divorce her on good t erms, observing kindness and good manners.

The Command to have Witnesses for the Return Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ レあョ メ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ ン∠ヱク∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t ake as wit ness t wo j ust persons from among you.) meaning when t aking her back, if t his is your decision. Abu Dawud and Ibn Maj ah recorded t hat ` Imran bin Husayn was asked about a man who divorced his wife and t hen had sexual int ercourse wit h her, wit hout not ifying wit nesses of when he divorced her and when he t ook her back. ` Imran said, "His divorce and t aking her back was in cont radict ion t o t he Sunnah. Incorporat e t he presence of wit nesses for divorcing her and t aking her back, and do not repeat your conduct .'' Ibn Jurayj said t hat ` At a' comment ed on t he Ayah,

び∇ユム⊥ レあョ メ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ ン∠ヱク∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t ake as wit ness t wo j ust persons from among you.) "It is not permissible t o marry, divorce or t ake back t he divorced wife except wit h t wo j ust wit nesses, j ust as Allah t he Exalt ed has said, except when t here is a valid excuse.'' Allah's st at ement ,

ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ナ ⊥ハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ び͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘや (That will be an admonit ion given t o him who believes in Allah and t he Last Day.) means, ` t his, Our command t o you t o have wit nesses in such cases and t o est ablish t he wit ness, is implement ed by t hose who believe in Allah and t he Last Day.' This legislat ion is meant t o benefit t hose who fear Allah's punishment in t he Hereaft er.

Allah provides, suffices, and makes a Way out of Every Hardship for Those Who have Taqwa Allah said,

∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇ホコ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ィ∠ゲ∇ガョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ∠バ∇イΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ わｚ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び⊥ょジ ͡ わ∠ ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ (And whosoever has Taqwa of Allah, He will make a way for him t o get out . And He will provide him from where he never could imagine.) meaning, whoever has Taqwa of Allah in what He has commanded and avoids what He has forbidden, t hen Allah will make a way out for him from every difficult y and will provide for him from resources he never ant icipat ed or t hought about . Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "The most comprehensive Ayah in t he Qur'an is,

び͡ラゅ∠ジ∇ェ∇Ηや∠ヱ メ ͡ ∇ギバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah enj oins Al-` Adl (j ust ice) and Al-Ihsan (doing good) (16:90). The great est Ayah in t he Qur'an t hat cont ains relief is,

び⇔ゅィ∠ゲ∇ガョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ∠バ∇イΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ わｚ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever has Taqwa of Allah, He will make a way for him t o get out .)'' ` Ikrimah also comment ed on t he Ayah, "Whoever divorces as Allah commanded him, t hen Allah will make a way out for him.'' Similar was report ed from Ibn ` Abbas and Ad-Dahhak.` Abdullah bin Mas` ud and Masruq comment ed on t he Ayah,

び⇔ゅィ∠ゲ∇ガョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ∠バ∇イΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ わｚ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever has Taqwa of Allah, He will make a way for him t o get out .) "It pert ains t o when one knows t hat if Allah wills He gives, and if He wills He deprives,

び⊥ょジ ͡ わ∠ ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぴ (from where he never could imagine.) from resources he did not ant icipat e'' Qat adah said,

び⇔ゅィ∠ゲ∇ガョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ∠バ∇イΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ わｚ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever has Taqwa of Allah, He will make a way for him t o get out .) "meaning, from every doubt and t he horrors experienced at t he t ime of deat h,

び⊥ょジ ͡ わ∠ ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇ホコ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He will provide him from where he never could imagine) from where he never t hought of or ant icipat ed.'' Allah said,

び⊥ヮら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And whosoever put s his t rust in Allah, t hen He will suffice him.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat he rode t he Prophet 's camel while sit t ing behind t he Prophet , and t he Messenger of Allah said t o him,

∩∠マ∇ヌヘ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぶ ∠ やナ ͡ ヘ∠ ∇ェや :れ ∃ ゅ∠ヨヤ͡ミ∠ マ ∠ ヨ⊥ ヤあバ∠ ョ⊥ ヶあルま͡ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤビ ⊥ ゅ∠Α» ∩∠ぶや メ ͡ ほ∠∇シゅ∠プ ろ ∠ ∇ャほ∠シ ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩∠マワ∠ ゅ∠イゎ⊥ ロ⊥ ∇ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ ぶ ∠ やナ ͡ ヘ∠ ∇ェや ヲ͡ ャ∠ る∠ ョｚ ほ⊥∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ ∩͡ぶゅ͡よ ∇リバ͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ろ ∠ ∇レバ∠ わ∠ ∇シや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶゼ ∠ よ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥バヘ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥バヘ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥バヨ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや ∇ユャ∠ ポ ∠ ヱぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥バヨ∠ わ∠ ∇ィや ヲ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠マャ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ら∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ろ ͡ バ∠ プ͡ ケ⊥ ∩∠マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ら∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶゼ ∠ よ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ポ ∠ ヱぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ «ブ⊥エダ ぁ ャや ろ ͡ ヘｚ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤ∇ホほ∠∇ャや

(O boy! I will t each you words ぴso learn t hemび. Be mindful of Allah and He will prot ect you, be mindful of Allah and He will be on your side. If you ask, ask Allah, and if you seek help, seek it from Allah. Know t hat if t he Ummah gat her t heir st rengt h t o bring you benefit , t hey will never bring you benefit , except t hat which Allah has decreed for you. Know t hat if t hey gat her t heir st rengt h t o harm you, t hey will never harm you, except wit h t hat which Allah has decreed against you. The pens have been raised and t he pages are dry.) At -Tirmidhi collect ed t his Hadit h and said: "Hasan Sahih.'' Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ロゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ヒ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠よ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah will accomplish his purpose.) meaning, Allah will execut e His decisions and j udgement t hat He made for him, in what ever way He wills and chooses,

び⇔やケ∇ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Indeed Allah has set a measure for all t hings.) This is like His saying:

び∃ケや∠ギ∇ボヨ͡ よ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (Everyt hing wit h Him is in (due) proport ion.) (13:8)

ラ ͡ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠ジルあ リ͡ョ ヂ ͡ Β͡エヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ∠ ∇ジゃ͡ Α∠ ヴ͡もΚ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ リ ∠ ∇ツエ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヶ͡わ⇒ｚヤャや∠ヱ ゲ∃ ヰ⊥ ∇セぺ∠ る⊥ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ｚギバ͡ プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らゎ∠ ∇ケや リ∠ョヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇ヨェ ∠ リ ∠ ∇バツ ∠ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ｚリヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ィ ∠ ぺ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ェΙ ｘやろ ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ⇔やゲ∇ジΑ⊥ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ∠バ∇イΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ゲヘあ ム∠ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ わｚ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ び や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヌ ͡ ∇バΑ⊥ ヱ∠ (4. Those in menopause among your women, for t hem t he ` Iddah, if you have doubt , is t hree mont hs; and for t hose who have no courses. And for t hose who are pregnant , t heir ` Iddah is unt il t hey lay down t heir burden; and whosoever has Taqwa of Allah, He will make his mat t er easy for him.) (5. That is t he command of Allah, which He has sent down t o you; and whosoever has Taqwa of Allah, He will expiat e from him his sins, and will increase his reward.)

The ` Iddah of Those in Menopause and Those Who do not have Menses

Allah t he Exalt ed clarifies t he wait ing period of t he woman in menopause. And t hat is t he one whose menst ruat ion has st opped due t o her older age. Her ` Iddah is t hree mont hs inst ead of t he t hree mont hly cycles for t hose who menst ruat e, which is based upon t he Ayah in (Surat ) AlBaqarah. ぴsee 2:228び The same for t he young, who have not reached t he years of menst ruat ion. Their ` Iddah is t hree mont hs like t hose in menopause. This is t he meaning of His saying;

び∠リ∇ツエ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヶ͡わ⇒ｚヤャや∠ヱぴ (and for t hose who have no courses...) as for His saying;

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇らゎ∠ ∇ケや ラ ͡ ま͡ぴ (if you have doubt ...) There are t wo opinions: First , is t he saying of a group of t he Salaf, like Muj ahid, Az-Zuhri and Ibn Zayd. That is, if t hey see blood and t here is doubt if it was menst rual blood or not . The second, is t hat if you do not know t he ruling in t his case, t hen know t hat t heir ` Iddah is t hree mont hs. This has been report ed from Sa` id bin Jubayr and it is t he view preferred by Ibn Jarir. And t his is t he more obvious meaning. Support ing t his view is what is report ed from Ubay bin Ka` b t hat he said, "O Allah's Messenger! Some women were not ment ioned in t he Qur'an, t he young, t he old and t he pregnant .'' Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored sent down t his Ayah,

ラ ͡ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠ジルあ リ͡ョ ヂ ͡ Β͡エヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ∠ ∇ジゃ͡ Α∠ ヴ͡もΚ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ リ ∠ ∇ツエ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヶ͡わ⇒ｚヤャや∠ヱ ゲ∃ ヰ⊥ ∇セぺ∠ る⊥ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ｚギバ͡ プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らゎ∠ ∇ケや びｚリヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇ヨェ ∠ リ ∠ ∇バツ ∠ Α∠ ラぺ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ィ ∠ ぺ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ェΙ ｘやろ ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥∠ヱ (Those in menopause among your women, for t hem t he ` Iddah, if you have doubt , is t hree mont hs; and for t hose who have no courses. And for t hose who are pregnant , t heir ` Iddah is unt il t hey lay down t heir burden.) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded a simpler narrat ion t han t his one from Ubay bin Ka` b who said, "O Allah's Messenger! When t he Ayah in Surat Al-Baqarah was revealed prescribing t he ` Iddah of divorce, some people in Al-Madinah said, ` There are st ill some women whose ` Iddah has not been ment ioned in t he Qur'an. There are t he young, t he old whose menst ruat ion is discont inued, and t he pregnant .' Lat er on, t his Ayah was revealed,

ラ ͡ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠ジルあ リ͡ョ ヂ ͡ Β͡エヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ リ ∠ ∇ジゃ͡ Α∠ ヴ͡もΚ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ び∠リ∇ツエ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヶ͡わ⇒ｚヤャや∠ヱ ゲ∃ ヰ⊥ ∇セぺ∠ る⊥ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ｚギバ͡ プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らゎ∠ ∇ケや (Those in menopause among your women, for t hem t he ` Iddah, if you have doubt , is t hree mont hs; and for t hose who have no courses.)''

` Iddah of Pregnant Women

Allah's st at ement ,

びｚリヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇ヨェ ∠ リ ∠ ∇バツ ∠ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ｚリヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ィ ∠ ぺ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ェΙ ｘやろ ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥∠ヱぴ (And for t hose who are pregnant , t heir ` Iddah is unt il t hey lay down t heir burden;) Allah says: t he pregnant woman's ` Iddah ends when she gives birt h, whet her in t he case of divorce or deat h of t he husband, according t o t he agreement of t he maj orit y of scholars of t he Salaf and lat er generat ions. This is based upon t his honorable Ayah and what is ment ioned in t he Prophet ic Sunnah. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Salamah said, "A man came t o Ibn ` Abbas while Abu Hurayrah was sit t ing wit h him and said, ` Give me your verdict regarding a lady who delivered a baby fort y days aft er t he deat h of her husband.' Ibn ` Abbas said,` ぴHer ` Iddah period last s unt ilび t he end of t he longest among t he t wo prescribed periods.' I recit ed,

びｚリヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇ヨェ ∠ リ ∠ ∇バツ ∠ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ｚリヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ィ ∠ ぺ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ェΙ ｘやろ ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥∠ヱぴ (For t hose who are pregnant , t heir prescribed period is unt il t hey deliver t heir burdens;) Abu Hurayrah said, ` I agree wit h my cousin (Abu Salamah).' Then Ibn ` Abbas sent his slave Kurayb t o Umm Salamah t o ask her. She replied, ` The husband of Subay` ah Al-Aslamiyyah was killed while she was pregnant , and she delivered a baby fort y days aft er his deat h. Then she received a marriage proposal and Allah's Messenger married her t o somebody. Abu As-Sanabil was one of t hose who proposed t o her.'' Al-Bukhari collect ed t his short form of t he Hadit h, which Muslim and ot her scholars of Hadit h collect ed using it s longer form. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat AlMiswar bin Makhramah said, "Subay` ah Al-Aslamiyyah gave birt h t o a child a few days aft er t he deat h of her husband. When she finished t he post delivery t erm, she was proposed t o. So she sought t he permission of Allah's Messenger for t he marriage, and he permit t ed her t o marry, so she got married.'' Al-Bukhari collect ed t his narrat ion, as did Muslim, Abu Dawud, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah wit h a different chain of narrat ion from t he Hadit h of Subay` ah. Muslim bin Al-Haj j aj recorded t hat ` Ubaydullah bin ` Abdullah bin ` Ut bah said t hat his fat her wrot e t o ` Umar bin ` Abdullah bin Al-Arqam Az-Zuhri, request ing t hat he go t o Subay` ah bint Al-Harit h AlAslamiyyah t o ask her about t he mat t er in quest ion, and about what Allah's Messenger said t o her when she sought his verdict . ` Umar bin ` Abdullah wrot e t o ` Ubaydullah bin ` Abdullah bin ` Ut bah informing him t hat Subay` ah t old him t hat she had been married t o Sa` d bin Khawlah, and he was one of t hose who part icipat ed in t he bat t le of Badr. He died during t he Farewell Pilgrimage, while she was pregnant . Soon aft er his deat h, she gave birt h. When she passed t he post nat al t erm, she beaut ified herself for t hose who might propose t o her. Abu As-Sanabil bin Ba` kak came t o her and said, ` Why do I see you have beaut ified yourself Do you wish t o remarry By Allah, you cannot marry unless four mont hs and t en days have passed.'' Subay` ah said, "When he said t hat , I dressed myself in t he evening and went t o Allah's Messenger and asked him about his verdict . He gave me a religious verdict t hat I was allowed t o marry aft er I had given birt h t o my child, saying I could marry if I wish.'' This is t he narrat ion t hat Muslim collect ed. Al-Bukhari collect ed t his Hadit h in a short er form. Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔やゲ∇ジΑ⊥ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ∠バ∇イΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ わｚ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and whosoever has Taqwa of Allah, He will make his mat t er easy for him.) means, Allah will make his mat t ers lenient for him and will soon bring fort h relief and a quick way out ,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ

(That is t he command of Allah, which He has sent down t o you;) meaning, t his is His commandment and legislat ion t hat He sent down t o you t hrough His Messenger ,

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヌ ͡ ∇バΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ゲヘあ ム∠ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ わｚ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び⇔やゲ∇ィぺ∠ (and whosoever has Taqwa of Allah, He will expiat e from him his sins, and will increase his reward.) means, Allah will prevent what he fears and mult iply his reward even for t he lit t le good he does.

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ィヱ⊥ リあョ ユ⊥わレ∠ムシ ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥レム͡ ∇シぺ∠ぴ モ ∃ ∇ヨェ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ｚリミ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボΒあ ∠ツわ⊥ ͡ャ ｚリワ⊥ ヱぁケべ∠ツゎ⊥ リ ∠ ∇バッ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇ヨェ ∠ リ ∠ ∇バツ ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ル∠ほプ∠ フ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヨ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ぺヱ∠ ｚリワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎゅ∠⇒プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヱ⊥ク ∇ペヘ͡ レ⊥Βャ͡ - ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ノ⊥ ッ ͡ ∇ゲわ⊥ ジ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲシ ∠ ゅ∠バゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ べｚヨ͡ョ ∇ペヘ͡ レ⊥Β∇ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ケ∠ ギ͡ ホ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ バ∠ シ ∠ リあョ る∃ バ∠ シ ∠ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ブ ⊥ あヤム∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ロ⊥ ゅ∠ゎや∠￢ び や⇔ゲ∇ジΑ⊥ ゲ∃ ∇ジハ ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΒ∠ シ ∠ (6. Lodge t hem where you dwell, according t o what you have, and do not harm t hem so as t o suppress t hem. And if t hey are pregnant , t hen spend on t hem t ill t hey lay down t heir burden. Then if t hey suckle t he children for you, give t hem t heir due payment , and let each of you deal wit h each ot her in a mannerly way. But if you make difficult ies for one anot her, t hen some ot her woman may suckle for him.) (7. Let t he rich man spend according t o his means; and t he man whose resources are rest rict ed, let him spend according t o what Allah has given him. Allah put s no burden on any person beyond what He has given him. Allah will grant aft er hardship, ease.)

The Divorced Woman has the Right to Decent Accommodations, and what is Reasonable Allah t he Exalt ed orders His fait hful servant s t hat when one of t hem divorces his wife, he should provide housing for her unt il t he end of her ` Iddah period,

びユ⊥わレ∠ムシ ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥レム͡ ∇シぺ∠ぴ (Lodge t hem where you dwell,) means, wit h you,

び∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ィヱ⊥ リあョぴ (according t o what you have,) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and several ot hers said, it refers t o "Your abilit y.'' Qat adah said, "If you can only afford t o accommodat e her in a corner of your house, t hen do so.''

Forbidding Ill-Treatment of Divorced Women Allah's st at ement ,

びｚリヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボΒあ ツ ∠ わ⊥ ャ͡ ｚリワ⊥ ヱぁケべ∠ツゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and do not harm t hem in order t o suppress t hem.) Muqat il bin Hayyan said, "meaning, do not annoy her t o force her t o pay her way out nor expel her from your house.'' At h-Thawri said from Mansur, from Abu Ad-Duha:

びｚリヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボΒあ ツ ∠ わ⊥ ャ͡ ｚリワ⊥ ヱぁケべ∠ツゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and do not harm t hem in order t o suppress t hem) "He divorces her, and when a few days remain, he t akes her back.''

The Irrevocable Divorced Pregnant Woman has the Right of Support (Maintenance) from Her Husband until She gives Birth Allah said,

ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ル∠ほプ∠ モ ∃ ∇ヨェ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ｚリミ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ びｚリヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇ヨェ ∠ リ ∠ ∇バツ ∠ Α∠ (And if t hey are pregnant , t hen spend on t hem t ill t hey lay down t heir burden.) This is about t he woman who is irrevocably divorced. If she is pregnant , t hen she is t o be spent on her unt il she lays down her burden. This is support ed due t o t he fact t hat if she is revocably divorced, t he she has t hen right t o receive her support (maint enance) whet her she is pregnant or not .

The Divorced Mother may take Compensation for suckling Her Child Allah said,

び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ ∇バッ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ぴ (Then if t hey suckle t hem for you,) meaning, when pregnant women give birt h and t hey are irrevocably divorced by t he expirat ion of t he ` Iddah, t hen at t hat t ime t hey may eit her suckle t he child or not . But t hat is only aft er she nourishes him wit h t he milk, t hat is t he early on milk which t he infant 's well-being depends upon. Then, if she suckles, she has t he right t o compensat ion for it . She is allowed t o ent er int o a cont ract wit h t he fat her or his represent at ive in ret urn for what ever payment t hey agree t o. This is why Allah t he Exalt ed said,

びｚリワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ リ ｚ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎゅ∠⇒プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ ∇バッ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ぴ (Then if t hey suckle t he children for you, give t hem t heir due payment ,) Allah said,

び∃フヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヨ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ぺヱ∠ ぴ (and let each of you deal wit h each ot her in a mannerly way.) meaning, t he affairs of t he divorced couple should be managed in a j ust way wit hout causing harm t o eit her one of t hem, j ust as Allah t he Exalt ed said in Surat Al-Baqarah,

び͡ロギ͡ ャ∠ヲ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∀キヲ⊥ャ∇ヲョ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワギ͡ ャ∠ヲ∠ よ͡ り∀ ギ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ケｚ べ∠ツゎ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (No mot her shall be t reat ed unfairly on account of her child, nor fat her on account of child.) (2:233) Allah said,

びン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ノ⊥ ッ ͡ ∇ゲわ⊥ ジ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲシ ∠ ゅ∠バゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (But if you make difficult ies for one anot her, t hen some ot her woman may suckle for him.) meaning, if t he divorced couple disagrees, because t he woman asks for an unreasonable fee for suckling t heir child, and t he fat her refuses t o pay t he amount or offers an unreasonable amount , he may find anot her woman t o suckle his child. If t he mot her agrees t o accept t he amount t hat was t o be paid t o t he woman who agreed t o suckle t he child, t hen she has more right t o suckle her own child. Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ヮわ͡ バ∠ シ ∠ リあョ る∃ バ∠ シ ∠ ヱ⊥ク ∇ペヘ͡ レ⊥Βャ͡ぴ (Let t he rich man spend according t o his means;) means, t he wealt hy fat her or his represent at ive should spend on t he child according t o his means,

Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ロ⊥ ゅ∠ゎや∠￢ べｚヨョ͡ ∇ペヘ͡ レ⊥Β∇ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ケ∠ ギ͡ ホ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びゅ∠ワゅ∠ゎや∠￢ べ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ブ ⊥ あヤム∠ Α⊥ (and t he man whose resources are rest rict ed, let him spend according t o what Allah has given him. Allah put s no burden on any person beyond what He has given him.) This is as Allah said,

びゅ∠ヰバ∠ ∇シヱ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ブ ⊥ あヤム∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (Allah does not burden a person beyond what He can bear.) ぴ2:286び

A Story of a Woman who had Taqwa Allah's st at ement ;

び⇔やゲ∇ジΑ⊥ ゲ∃ ∇ジハ ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΒ∠ シ ∠ぴ (Allah will grant aft er hardship, ease.) This is a sure promise from Him, and indeed, Allah's promises are t rue and He never breaks t hem, This is an Allah's saying;

び や⇔ゲ∇ジΑ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ジバ⊥ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - や⇔ゲ∇ジΑ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ジバ⊥ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (Verily, along wit h every hardship is relief. Verily, along wit h every hardship is relief.) ぴ94:5-6び There is a relevant Hadit h t hat we should ment ion here. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "A man and his wife from an earlier generat ion were poor. Once when t he man came back from a j ourney, he went t o his wife saying t o her, while feeling hunger and fat igued, ` Do you have anyt hing t o eat ' She said, ` Yes, receive t he good news of Allah's provisions.' He again said t o her, ` If you have anyt hing t o eat , bring it t o me.' She said, ` Wait a lit t le longer.' She was await ing Allah's mercy. When t he mat t er was prolonged, he said t o her, ` Get up and bring me what ever you have t o eat , because I am real hungry and fat igued.' She said, ` I will. Soon I will open t he oven's cover, so do not be hast y.' When he was busy and refrained from insist ing for a while, she said t o herself, ` I should look in my oven.' So she got up and looked in her oven and found it full of t he meat of a lamb, and her mort ar and pest le was full of seed grains; it was crushing t he seeds on it s own. So, she t ook out what was in t he mort ar and pest le, aft er shaking it t o remove everyt hing from inside, and also t ook t he meat out t hat she found in t he oven.'' Abu Hurayrah added, "By He in Whose Hand is t he life of Abu Al-Qasim (Prophet Muhammad )! This is t he same st at ement t hat Muhammad said,

ゅ∠ヰ∇ツヘ⊥ ∇レゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ΒΒ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∇れグ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠» «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴャ͡ま (ゅ∠ヰ∇わレ∠ エ ∠ト ∠ ャ∠)

(Had she t aken out what was in her mort ar and not empt ied it fully by shaking it , it would have cont inued crushing t he seeds unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion.)''

ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよあ ケ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ろわ∠ ハ ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ リあΑほ͡ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ - や⇔ゲ∇ムルぁ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇よグｚ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ゅ⇔よゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇らシ ∠ ゅ∠エプ∠ - ⇔やゲ∇ジカ ⊥ ゅ∠ワゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ∇ろホ∠ や∠グプ∠ ヴ͡ャ∇ヱほ⊥Α ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プ や⇔ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ - や⇔ゲ∇ミク͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ギホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ ∠や ァ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガΒ⊥ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ͡ョ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ケ͡ ヲぁレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ び ゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ (8. And many a t own revolt ed against t he command of it s Lord and His Messengers; and We called it t o a severe account , and We shall punish it wit h a horrible t orment .) (9. So it t ast ed t he evil result of it s affair, and t he consequence of it s affair was loss.) (10. Allah has prepared for t hem a severe t orment . So have Taqwa of Allah, O men of underst anding, t hose who believe! Allah has indeed sent down t o you a Reminder.) (11. A Messenger, who recit es t o you t he Ayat of Allah cont aining clear explanat ions, t hat He may t ake out t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, from t he darkness t o t he light . And whosoever believes in Allah and performs right eous deeds, He will admit him int o Gardens under which rivers flow, t o dwell t herein forever. Allah has indeed grant ed for him an excellent provision.)

Punishment for defying Allah's Commandments Allah t he Exalt ed t hreat ens t hose who defy His commands, deny His Messengers and cont radict His legislat ion, by informing t hem of t he end t hat earlier nat ions met who did t he same,

び͡ヮヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよあ ケ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ろわ∠ ハ ∠ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョ リあΑほ͡ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And many a t own revolt ed against t he command of it s Lord and His Messengers;) meaning, t hey rebelled, rej ect ed and arrogant ly refused t o obey Allah and t hey would not follow His Messengers,

び⇔やゲ∇ムルぁ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇よグｚ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ゅ⇔よゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇らシ ∠ ゅ∠エプ∠ ぴ (and We called it t o a severe account , and We shall punish it wit h a horrible t orment .) meaning, horrendous and t errifying,

びゅ∠ワゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ∇ろホ∠ や∠グプ∠ ぴ (So it t ast ed t he evil result of it s affair,) meaning, t hey t ast ed t he evil consequences of defiance and t hey regret t ed t heir act ions when regret does not avail,

ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠や⇔ゲ∇ジカ ⊥ ゅ∠ワゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ び⇔やギΑ͡ギセ ∠ (and t he consequence of it s affair was loss. And Allah has prepared for t hem a severe t orment .) means, in t he Hereaft er, added t o t he t orment t hat was sent down on t hem in t his life. Allah t he Exalt ed said, aft er ment ioning what happened t o t he disbelieving nat ions,

び͡ょ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ ∠ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱほ⊥Α ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ ゅ∠プぴ (So have Taqwa of Allah, O men of underst anding,) meaning, ` O you who have sound underst anding, do not be like t hem because if you do, you will suffer what t hey suffered, O people of comprehension,'

び∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (who believe) meaning, in Allah and His Messengers,

び⇔やゲ∇ミク͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Allah has indeed sent down t o you a Reminder.) meaning, t his Qur'an. Allah also said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠エャ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚル͡まヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ミグあ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ∠ル リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We, it is We Who have sent down t he Dhikr and surely, We will preserve it .) (15:9)

The Qualities of the Messenger Allah's st at ement ,

び∃ろ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ ぴ (A Messenger, who recit es t o you t he Ayat of Allah cont aining clear explanat ions,) Some said t hat t he Messenger is t he subj ect of what is being sent ぴas a reminderび because t he Messenger is t he one t hat conveys t he Dhikr. Ibn Jarir said t hat what is correct is t hat t he Messenger explains t he Dhikr. This is why Allah t he Exalt ed said here,

び∃ろ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ ぴ (A Messenger, who recit es t o you t he Ayat of Allah cont aining clear explanat ions,) meaning, plain and apparent . The st at ement of Allah;

リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ァ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガΒ⊥ ャあぴ び͡ケヲぁレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや (t hat He may t ake out t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, from t he darkness t o t he light .) Allah's is like saying;

ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ァ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガわ⊥ ャ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺ ∀ゆゅ∠わ͡ミぴ び͡ケヲぁレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ (A Book which We have revealed unt o you in order t hat you might lead mankind out of darkness) (14:1), and,

ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌ ぁ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ユ⊥ヰィ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヶ ぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ び͡ケヲぁレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ (Allah is t he Guardian of t hose who believe. He brings t hem out from darkness int o light .) (2:257) meaning, out of t he darkness of disbelief and ignorance int o t he light of fait h and knowledge. Allah t he Exalt ed called t he revelat ion t hat He has sent down, light , on account of t he guidance t hat it brings. Allah also called it Ruh, in t hat , it brings life t o t he heart s,

ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョあ ゅ⇔ェヱ⊥ケ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ ン͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰわ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼルｚ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰルｚ び ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ (And t hus We have sent t o you Ruh of our command. You knew not what is t he book, nor what is fait h But We have made it a light wherewit h we guide whosoever of Our servant s We will. And verily, you are indeed guiding t o t he st raight pat h.) (42:52) Allah's st at ement ,

ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ͡ョ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ∇ギホ∠ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ び⇔ゅホ∇コケ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや リ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ (And whosoever believes in Allah and performs right eous good deeds, He will admit him int o Gardens under which rivers flow, t o dwell t herein forever. Allah has indeed grant ed for him an excellent provision.) was explained several t imes before, and t herefore, we do not need t o repeat it s explanat ion here. All t he t hanks and praises are due t o Allah.

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ れ ∃ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨシ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バわ∠ ャあ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘやメ ⊥ ゴｚ レ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヅ ∠ ゅ∠ェぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ び (12. It is Allah Who has creat ed seven heavens and of t he eart h t he like t hereof. His command descends bet ween t hem, t hat you may know t hat Allah has power over all t hings, and t hat Allah surrounds all t hings wit h (His) knowledge.)

Allah's Perfect Power Allah t he Exalt ed assert s His perfect power and infinit e great ness, so t hat t he great religion t hat He has legislat ed is honored and implement ed,

び∃れヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨシ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (It is Allah Who has creat ed seven heavens) Allah said in similar Ayat , like what Prophet Nuh said t o his people,

び ゅ⇔ホゅ∠らデ ͡ れ ∃ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨシ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (See you not how Allah has creat ed t he seven heavens one above anot her) (71:15), and,

びｚリヰ͡ Β͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ノ⊥ ∇らｚジャや れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ウ ⊥ あらジ ∠ ゎ⊥ ぴ (The seven heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is t herein, glorify him.) (17:44) Allah's st at ement ,

びｚリヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (and of t he eart h t he like t hereof.) means, He creat ed seven eart hs. In t he Two Sahihs, t here is a Hadit h t hat st at es,

ノ͡ ∇らシ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ホ∠ あヲデ ⊥ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ∃ ∇らセ ͡ ギ∠ Β͡ホ ユ∠ ヤ∠ニ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «リΒ͡ッケ∠ ぺ∠ (Whoever usurps t he land of somebody unj ust ly, even if it was a mere hand span, t hen his neck will be encircled wit h it down t o t he seven eart hs.) And in Sahih Al-Bukhari t he wording is:

«リΒ͡ッケ∠ ぺ∠ ノ͡ ∇らシ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ブ ∠ ジ ͡カ ⊥» (...he will sink down t o t he seven eart hs.) In t he beginning of my book, Al-Bidayah wanNihayah, I ment ioned t he various narrat ions for t his Hadit h when I narrat ed t he st ory of t he creat ion of t he eart h. All t he t hanks and praise is due t o Allah. Those who explained t his Hadit h t o mean t he seven cont inent s have brought an implausible explanat ion t hat cont radict s t he let t er of t he Qur'an and t he Hadit h wit hout having proof. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat At -Talaq, all t he t hanks and praise is due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat At-Tahrim (Chapter - 66) Which was revealed in Al-Madinah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ

(In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ヴ͡ピわ∠ ∇らゎ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや モ ｚェ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ュ⊥ あゲエ ∠ ゎ⊥ ユ∠ ャ͡ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ チ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ∇ギホ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ マ ∠ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ れ ∠ ゅ∠ッ∇ゲョ∠ ユ⊥ Βヤ͡バ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ る∠ ヤｚエ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ⇔ゅんΑ͡ギ∠ェ ヮ͡ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ヂ ͡ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゲｚ シ ∠ ぺ∠ ク∠ ま͡ヱ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ フ ∠ ゲｚ ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ニぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇れほ∠らｚル∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠ワ∠ほらｚ ∠ル ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ リ∠ハ チ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ べ∠よヲ⊥わゎ∠ ラ͡ま - ゲ⊥ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ ル͡ ほ∠らｚ ル∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ポ ∠ ほ∠ら∠ ル∠ぺ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や∠ゲワ∠ ゅ∠ヌゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ろピ∠ タ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠タヱ∠ モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ リ ｚ ム⊥ ∠ボヤｚ∠デ ラ͡ま ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ - ∀ゲΒ͡ヰニ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∃ろ⇒∠レ͡ョ∇ぽョぁ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ｚリム⊥ レあョ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ゅ⇔ィ∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ギ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ び や⇔ケゅ∠ム∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠らΒあ を∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠エゃ͡ ⇒∠シ れ ∃ ギ∠ ら͡ ⇒∠ハ ろ ∃ ⇒∠らゃ͡ ⇒∠ゎ ろ ∃ ⇒∠わレ͡ ⇒∠ホ (1. O Prophet ! Why do you forbid t hat which Allah has allowed t o you, seeking t o please your wives And Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (2. Allah has already ordained for you (O men) t he absolut ion from your oat hs. And Allah is your Prot ect or and He is t he All-Knower, t he AllWise.) (3. And (remember) when t he Prophet disclosed a mat t er in confidence t o one of his wives, t hen she t old it . And Allah made it known t o him; he informed part t hereof and left a part . Then when he t old her t hereof, she said: "Who t old you t his'' He said: "The All-Knower, t he All-Aware has t old me.'') (4. If you t wo t urn in repent ance t o Allah, your heart s are indeed so inclined; but if you help one anot her against him, t hen verily, Allah is his Prot ect or, and Jibril, and t he right eous among t he believers; and aft er t hat t he angels are his helpers.) (5. Maybe his Lord, if he divorces you, will give him inst ead of you, wives bet t er t han you submit t ing, believers, obedient , t urning t o Allah in repent ance, worshipping Allah sincerely, Sa'ihat , previously married, and virgins.)

Allah censures His Prophet for Prohibiting Himself from what He has allowed for Him In the Book of Vows

Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr said t hat he heard ` A'ishah claiming t hat Allah's Messenger used t o st ay for a period in t he house of Zaynab bint Jahsh and drink honey in her house. (She said) "Hafsah and I decided t hat when t he Prophet ent ered upon eit her of us, we would say, ` I smell Maghafir on you. Have you eat en Maghafir' When he ent ered upon one of us, she said t hat t o him. He replied (t o her),

ズ ∃ ∇エィ ∠ ろ ͡ ∇レよ͡ ょ ∠ レ∠ ∇Αコ∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ゅ⇔ヤ∠ジ∠ハ ろ ⊥ ∇よゲ͡ セ ∠ ∇モよ∠ ∩ゅ∠ャ» «ヮ∠ャ キ∠ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ∇リャ∠ヱ∠ (No, but I drank honey in t he house of Zaynab bint Jahsh, and I will never drink it again.)'' Then t he following was revealed;

び∠マャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや モ ｚェ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ュ⊥ あゲエ ∠ ゎ⊥ ユ∠ ャ͡ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O Prophet ! Why do you fobid t hat which Allah has allowed t o you) up t o,

びゅ∠ヨム⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ろピ∠ タ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠よヲ⊥わゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ (If you bot h t urn in repent ance t o Allah, your heart s are indeed so inclined;) in reference t o ` A'ishah and Hafsah.

び⇔ゅんΑ͡ギェ ∠ ヮ͡ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ヂ ͡ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゲｚ シ ∠ ぺ∠ ク∠ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And (remember) when t he Prophet disclosed a mat t er in confidence t o one of his wives,) which refers t o t his saying,

«ゅ⇔ヤ∠ジ∠ハ ろ ⊥ ∇よゲ͡ セ ∠ ∇モよ∠ » (But I have drunk honey.) Ibrahim bin Musa said t hat Hisham said t hat it also meant his saying,

マ ͡ ャ͡グ∠ よ͡ ヵ͡ゲら͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠ェ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ キ∠ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ∇リャ∠ヱ∠ » «や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ (I will not drink it anymore, I have t aken an oat h t o t hat . Therefore, do not inform anybody about it .) Al-Bukhari also recorded t his Hadit h in t he Book of Divorce; t hen he said, "AlMaghafir is a t ype of sap, and in Ar-Rimt h (a t ype of cit rus) it s t ast e is sweet ...'' Al-Jawhari said, "The ` Urfut is a t ree of t he shrub variet y, which secret es Maghfur.'' Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h from ` A'ishah in t he Book of Divorce in his Sahih, and his wording is t he same as AlBukhari in t he Book of Vows. In t he Book of Divorce, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "Allah's Messenger liked sweet s and honey. Aft er performing t he ` Asr prayer, he used t o visit his wives, going close t o t hem. So he went t o Hafsah, daught er of ` Umar, and st ayed wit h her

more t han his usual st ay. I (` A'ishah) became j ealous and asked about t hat . It was said t o me, ` A woman of her family sent her a small vessel of honey as a gift , and she gave a drink t o Allah's Messenger made from it .' I said, ` By Allah, we will cont rive a plot against him.' I said t o Sawdah bint Zam` ah, ` When t he Messenger visit s you and draws close t o you, say t o him, ` Have you eat en Maghafir' And when he says t o you, ` No', t hen ask him, ` What is t his odor' He will say t o you, ` Hafsah has given me a drink of honey.' Then you should say t o him, ` The honeybees might have eat en from Urfut , and I will also say t he same t o him. Safiyyah, you should also say t his.' Sawdah lat er said, ` It was under compulsion t hat I had decided t o st at e t hat which you t old me; soon, by Allah, he was st anding at my door.' So when Allah's Messenger came near her, she said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Did you eat Maghafir' He said, ` No.' She again said, ` Then what is t his odor' He said,

«モ∠ジハ ∠ る∠ よ∠ ∇ゲセ ∠ る⊥ ダ ∠ ∇ヘェ ∠ ヶ͡レ∇わ∠ボ∠シ» (Hafsah gave me honey t o drink.) She said, ` The honeybees might have eat en from ` Urfut .')'' ` A'ishah cont inued, "When he came t o me I said t he same t o him. He t hen visit ed Safiyyah and she also said similar t o him. When he again visit ed Hafsah, she said, ` O Messenger of Allah, should I not give you t hat (drink)' He said,

«ヮΒ͡プ ヶ͡ャ る∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ェ ゅ∠ャ» (I do not need it .) Sawdah said, ` By Allah! We have prevent ed him from drinking honey.' I said t o her, ` Keep quiet !''' Muslim also recorded t his Hadit h, but t his wording is from Al-Bukhari. In t he narrat ion of Muslim, ` A'ishah said, "The Messenger of Allah used t o hat e t o have a bad odor coming from him'' This is why t hey suggest ed t o him t hat he at e Maghafir, because it causes a bad odor. When he said,

«ゅ⇔ヤ∠ジ∠ハ ろ ⊥ ∇よゲ͡ セ ∠ ∇モよ∠ » (No, I had some honey.) They said t hat t he bees at e from a t ree t hat is called Al-` Urfut , which has Maghafir gum, suggest ing t hat t his is t he reason behind t he bad odor t hey claimed was coming from him. The lat t er narrat ion, collect ed t hrough ` Urwah from ` A'ishah, ment ions t hat it was Hafsah who gave t he Prophet t he honey. In anot her narrat ion collect ed from ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr, from ` A'ishah, it was Zaynab bint Jahsh who gave t he honey t o t he Prophet , while ` A'ishah and Hafsah were t he plot t ers. Allah knows best . Some might say t hat t hey were t wo separat e incident s. However, it is not likely t hat t he Ayat were revealed about bot h incident s, if indeed t hey were t wo separat e incident s. Allah knows best . A Hadit h t hat Imam Ahmad collect ed in t he Musnad ment ions t hat ` A'ishah and Hafsah were t he plot t ers. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "I was eager t o ask ` Umar about t he t wo ladies among t he wives of t he Prophet , about whom Allah said,

びゅ∠ヨム⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ろピ∠ タ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠よヲ⊥わゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ (If you t wo t urn in repent ance t o Allah your heart s are indeed so inclined;) Then I performed Haj j along wit h ` Umar, and on our way back from Haj j he went aside (t o relieve himself). I also went aside along wit h him carrying a t umbler of wat er. When he finished and ret urned, I poured wat er on his hands from t he t umbler and he performed ablut ion. I said, ` O Commander of t he fait hful! Who were t he t wo ladies among t he wives of t he Prophet , t o whom Allah said,

びゅ∠ヨム⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ろピ∠ タ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠よヲ⊥わゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ (If you t wo t urn in repent ance t o Allah your heart s are indeed so inclined)' ` Umar said, ` I am ast onished at your quest ion, O Ibn ` Abbas.''' - Az-Zuhri (a subnarrat or) said t hat ` Umar did not like t he quest ion, but he st ill answered it , saying t hat t hey were ` A'ishah and Hafsah. "Then ` Umar went on relat ing t he st ory and said, ` We, t he people of Quraysh, used t o have aut horit y over our women. But when we came t o live wit h t he Ansar, we not iced t hat t he Ansari women had t he upper hand over t heir men, so our women st art ed acquiring t he habit s of t he Ansari women. At t hat t ime, I was residing at t he house of Umayyah bin Zayd, in Al-` Awali. Once I got angry wit h my wife, and she t alked back t o me; I disliked her answering me back. She said, ` Why do you dislike me t alking back t o you By Allah, t he wives of t he Prophet t alk back t o him, and some of t hem may not speak wit h him for t he whole day, unt il night fall.' Then I went t o Hafsah and asked her, ` Do you t alk back t o Allah's Messenger' She said, ` Yes.' I asked, ` Does any of you keep Allah's Messenger angry all day long, unt il night ' She replied, ` Yes.' I said, ` Whoever among you does t his is a ruined, losing person! Doesn't she fear t hat Allah may get angry for t he anger of His Messenger and, t hus, she will be ruined Don't ask Allah's Messenger t oo many t hings, and don't ret ort him in any case. Demand from me what ever you like, and don't be t empt ed t o imit at e your neighbor, for she is more beaut iful t han you, and more beloved t o Allah's Messenger t han you.' He meant ` A'ishah. I, and an Ansari neighbor of mine used t o visit t he Prophet in t urns. He used t o go one day, and I anot her day. When I went I would bring him t he news of what had happened t hat day regarding t he revelat ion and when he went , he used t o do t he same for me. In t hose days it was rumored t hat t he Ghassan (t ribe) were preparing t heir horses t o invade us. My companion went and ret urned t o us at night and knocked at my door. I came out t o him. He said t hat a grave t hing happened. I asked him, ` What is it Have Ghassan come' He replied t hat it was worse and more serious t han t hat , adding t hat Allah's Messenger had divorced all his wives. I said, ` Hafsah is a ruined loser! I expect ed t hat would happen some day.' So I dressed myself and I performed t he Subh prayer. I went t o Hafsah and found her weeping. I asked her, ` Has Allah's Messenger divorced all of you' She replied, ` I don't know. He is t here alone in t he upper room.' I went t o t he upper room and asked a black slave of t he Prophet t o ask for his permission t o see me, and t he boy went in and t hen came out saying, ` I ment ioned you t o him and he remained silent .' I t hen went out and came t o t he Minbar and found a group of people around it and some of t hem were weeping. I sat wit h t hem for some t ime, but could not endure t he sit uat ion. So, I request ed t o t he boy, ` Will you get t he permission for ` Umar' He went in and t hen came out saying, ` I ment ioned you t o him, but he did not reply.' So, I went t o Minbar and sat wit h t he people who were sit t ing by t he Minbar, but I could not bear t he sit uat ion, so I went t o t he boy again and said, ` Will you get t he permission for ` Umar' He went in and brought t he same reply as before. When I was leaving, behold, he called me saying, ` Allah's Messenger has grant ed you permission.' So, I ent ered t he Prophet 's room, greet ed him wit h t he Salam and saw him lying on a mat wit hout bedding on it , and t he mat had left it s mark on t he body of t he Prophet . I said, ` Have you divorced your wives, O Allah's Messenger' He raised his eyes t o me and replied no. I said, ` Allahu Akbar. O Allah's Messenger! We, t he people of Quraysh used t o have t he upper hand over our women. But when we came t o Al-Madinah, we found a people whose women had t he upper hand over t hem. Our women st art ed learning t his behavior from t hem. Once, I got angry wit h my wife, and she t alked back t o me. I disliked t hat behavior from her and she said, ` Why do you dislike t hat I t alk back t o you By Allah, t he Prophet 's wives t alk back t o him and one of t hem would ignore him t he whole day, unt il t he night .' I said t o her, ` Whoever does t his among t hem is t he ruined loser! Does she feel safe from Allah get t ing angry wit h her on account of His Messenger's anger In t hat case, she would be ruined.' On t hat t he Prophet smiled. I t hen said, ` O Allah's Messenger! I went t o Hafsah and said t o her, ` Do not be t empt ed t o imit at e your companion (` A'ishah) for she is more beaut iful t han you and more

beloved t o t he Prophet .' The Prophet smiled again. When I saw him smiling, I said, ` Does t he Messenger feel calm' He said, ` Yes.' So, I sat down and cast a glance at t he room, and by Allah, I couldn't see anyt hing of import ance, except t hree hides. I said, ` Invoke Allah, O Allah's Messenger, t o make your followers prosperous, for t he Persians and t he Byzant ines have been made prosperous and given worldly luxuries, even t hough t hey do not worship Allah.' The Prophet sat upright and said,

∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ⊥ぺ ゆ ͡ ゅｚトガ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇よや ゅ∠Α ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ マ ∠セ ∠ ヶ͡プぺ∠» «ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り͡ ゅ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠らΒあ デ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろヤ∠イ あハ ⊥ (O Ibn Al-Khat t ab! Do you have any doubt These people have been given rewards of t heir good deeds in t his world only.) I asked t he Prophet , ` Please beg Allah's forgiveness for me, O Allah's Messenger.' The Prophet swore t hat he would not go t o his wives for one mont h, because of his severe anger t owards t hem, unt il Allah t he Exalt ed and Most Honored censured him.'' AlBukhari, Muslim, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i also collect ed t his Hadit h using various chains of narrat ion. Al-Bukhari and Muslim also collect ed it from Ibn ` Abbas, who said, "For a whole year, I was eager t o ask ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab about an Ayah. However, I hesit at ed out of respect for him. Once, he went on a Haj j t rip and I accompanied him. On our way back, he st opped t o relieve himself behind some t rees of Arak. I st opped unt il he finished and t hen walked along wit h him and asked him, ` O Leader of t he believers! Who are t he t wo women who helped each ot her (or plot t ed) against t he Prophet ''' This is t he narrat ion t hat Al-Bukhari collect ed, while Muslim recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas asked, "Who are t he t wo women about whom Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や∠ゲワ∠ ゅ∠ヌゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (but if you help one anot her against him, )'' ` Umar replied, "A'ishah and Hafsah.'' Muslim ment ioned t he rest of t he Hadit h. Muslim also recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ` Umar bin AlKhat t ab said t o him, "When Allah's Messenger st ayed away from his wives, I ent ered t he Masj id and found people st riking t he ground wit h pebbles. They said, ` Allah's Messenger has divorced his wives.' That occurred before Hij ab was commanded. I said t o myself, ` I must invest igat e t his news t oday.''' So he ment ioned t he Hadit h in which he went t o ` A'ishah and Hafsah and admonished t hem. He t hen said, ` I went in and found Rabah, t he servant of Allah's Messenger , sit t ing on a window sill. I called, ` O Rabah, seek permission for me from Allah's Messenger.''' He t hen ment ioned t he st ory as we ment ioned above. ` Umar cont inued, "I said, ` O Messenger of Allah, what t rouble do you feel from your wives If you have divorced t hem, verily Allah is wit h you, His angels, Jibril, Mikal, I, Abu Bakr and t he rest of believers are wit h you.' Oft en, when I t alked, all praise is due t o Allah, I hoped t hat Allah would t est ify t o t he words t hat I ut t ered. And so t he Ayat of opt ion was revealed. Allah said,

や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ゅ⇔ィ∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ギ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ リ ｚ ム⊥ ∠ボヤｚ∠デ ラ͡ま ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ぴ びｚリム⊥ レあョ (Maybe his Lord, if he divorces you, will give him in your place wives bet t er t han you,) and,

モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や∠ゲワ∠ ゅ∠ヌゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び∀ゲΒ͡ヰニ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠タヱ∠ (but if you help one anot her against him, t hen verily, Allah is his Prot ect or, and Jibril, and t he right eous among t he believers; and aft er t hat t he angels are his helpers.) I said, ` Messenger of Allah, have you divorced t hem' He said, ` No.' I st ood at t he door of t he Masj id and called out at t he t op of my voice, ` The Messenger of Allah has not divorced his wives.' It was on t his occasion t hat t his Ayah was revealed,

∇やヲ⊥ハや∠クぺ∠ フ ͡ ∇ヲガ ∠ ∇ャや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∀ゲ∇ョ∠ぺ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘ や ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ ヱぁキケ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥トら͡ ∇レわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡バ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ (When any mat t er pert aining t o peace or alarm comes t o t hem, t hey broadcast it ; whereas, if t hey would refer it t o t he Messenger and t hose who have been ent rust ed wit h aut horit y among t hem, t hose of t hem who are engaged in obt aining int elligence would indeed know (what t o do wit h) it .)(4:83) It was I who underst ood (and properly invest igat ed) t his mat t er.'' Similar was said by Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Ikrimah, Muqat il bin Hayyan, Ad-Dahhak and ot hers. The Ayah,

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠タヱ∠ ぴ (and t he right eous among t he believers;) refers t o Abu Bakr and ` Umar. Al-Hasan Al-Basri added ` Ut hman t o t hem. Layt h bin Abi Sulaym said from Muj ahid:

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠タヱ∠ ぴ (and t he right eous among t he believers;) includes ` Ali bin Abi Talib also. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Anas said, "` Umar said, ` The wives of t he Prophet were all j ealous for his affect ion, and I said t o t hem,

や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ゅ⇔ィ∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ギ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ リ ｚ ム⊥ ∠ボヤｚ∠デ ラ͡ま ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ぴ びｚリム⊥ レあョ (Maybe his Lord, if he divorces you, will give him inst ead of you, wives bet t er t han you.) Thereaft er, t his Ayah was revealed.''' We ment ioned before t hat ` Umar said st at ement s t hat were confirmed by t he Qur'an, such as about t he revelat ion about Hij ab ぴsee 33:53び and t he capt ive idolat ors aft er t he bat t le of Badr ぴsee 8:67び. ` Umar's suggest ion t o t ake t he St at ion of Ibrahim as a place for prayer and Allah revealed t his Ayah;

びヴ６ヤダ ∠ ョ⊥ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ュ͡ ゅ∠ボョｚ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And t ake you t he Maqam (st at ion) of Ibrahim as a place of prayer.) (2:125) recorded t hat Anas said t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said, "I heard news t hat t he fait hful had a disput e wit h t he Prophet . So I advised t hem, saying, ` Eit her Allah's Messenger or Allah might provide him bet t er wives t han you. Al-Hasan ` Ut hman t o t hem. Layt h bin Abi Sulaym said from Muj ahid:

Ibn Abi Hat im Mot hers of t he st op bot hering Al-Basri added

び∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ウ ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠タヱ∠ ぴ (and t he right eous among t he believers;) includes ` Ali bin Abi Talib also. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Anas said, "` Umar said, ` The wives of t he Prophet were all j ealous for his affect ion, and I said t o t hem,

や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ゅ⇔ィ∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ギ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ リ ｚ ム⊥ ∠ボヤｚ∠デ ラ͡ま ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ぴ びｚリム⊥ レあョ (Maybe his Lord, if he divorces you, will give him inst ead of you, wives bet t er t han you.) Thereaft er, t his Ayah was revealed.''' We ment ioned before t hat ` Umar said st at ement s t hat were confirmed by t he Qur'an, such as about t he revelat ion about Hij ab ぴsee 33:53び and t he capt ive idolat ors aft er t he bat t le of Badr ぴsee 8:67び. ` Umar's suggest ion t o t ake t he St at ion of Ibrahim as a place for prayer and Allah revealed t his Ayah;

びヴ６ヤダ ∠ ョ⊥ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ュ͡ ゅ∠ボョｚ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ͡ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ (And t ake you t he Maqam (st at ion) of Ibrahim as a place of prayer.) (2:125) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Anas said t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said, "I heard news t hat t he Mot hers of t he fait hful had a disput e wit h t he Prophet . So I advised t hem, saying, ` Eit her st op bot hering Allah's Messenger or Allah might provide him bet t er wives t han you. Abu ` Abdur-Rahman AsSulami, Abu Malik, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, AsSuddi, and ot hers.

や⇔ケゅ∠ル ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ホ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ド ∀Κ ∠ビ ͡ る∀ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ り⊥ ∠ケゅ∠イ͡エ∇ャや∠ヱ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ワキ⊥ ヲ⊥ホ∠ヱ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ダ∇バΑ∠ Ι ｚ ∀キや∠ギ͡セ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ケグ͡ わ∠ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡

∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ ゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ダルｚ る⇔ よ∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥よヲ⊥ゎ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ゲ∠ ヘあ ム∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ ｚ ら͡ レｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ン͡ゴ∇ガΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅヰ∠ わ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ∠バ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ル ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ べ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや∠ヱ ゅ∠ルケ∠ ヲ⊥ル ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ユヨ͡ ∇ゎぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αほ∠よ͡ ヱ∠ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ (6. O you who believe! Prot ect yourselves and your families against a Fire (Hell) whose fuel is men and st ones, over which are (appoint ed) angels st ern (and) severe, who disobey not t he commands t hey receive from Allah, but do t hat which t hey are commanded.) (7. (It will be said in t he Hereaft er) O you who disbelieve! Make no excuses t his Day! You are being requit ed only for what you used t o do.) (8. O you who believe! Turn t o Allah wit h sincere repent ance! It may be t hat your Lord will expiat e from you your sins, and admit you int o Gardens under which rivers flow -- t he Day t hat Allah will not disgrace t he Prophet and t hose who believe wit h him. Their light will run forward before t hem and in t heir right hands. They will say: "Our Lord! Keep perfect our light for us and grant us forgiveness. Verily, You are Able t o do all t hings.'')

Teaching One's Family the Religion and Good Behavior ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas;

び⇔やケゅ∠ル ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ホぴ (Prot ect yourselves and your families against a Fire (Hell)) He said, "Work in t he obedience of Allah, avoid disobedience of Allah and order your families t o remember Allah, t hen Allah will save you from t he Fire.'' Muj ahid also comment ed on:

び⇔やケゅ∠ル ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ホぴ (Prot ect yourselves and your families against a Fire (Hell)) saying, "Have Taqwa of Allah and order your family t o have Taqwa of Him.'' Qat adah said, "He commands obedience t o Allah, t o not disobey Allah, he orders his family t o obey His orders and helps t hem t o act upon His orders. When one sees disobedience, he st ops t hem and forbids t hem from doing it .'' Similar was said by Ad-Dahhak and Muqat il; "It is an obligat ion for t he Muslim t o t each his near family members, and his male and female slaves what Allah has made obligat ory for t hem and what Allah has forbidden for t hem.'' There is a Hadit h t hat confirms t he meaning of t his Ayah. Ahmad, Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi recorded t hat Ar-Rabi` bin Sabrah said t hat his fat her said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡レシ ͡ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ や∠クま͡ り͡ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャゅよ͡ ヶ ｚ ら͡ ダ ｚ ャや やヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ » «ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ッゅ∠プ リ ∠ Β͡レシ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ゼハ ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ (Order t he children t o pray when t hey reach t he age of seven and when t hey reach t he age of t en, discipline t hem for (not performing) it .) This is t he narrat ion t hat Abu Dawud collect ed; At -Tirmidhi said, "This Hadit h is Hasan.''

Fuel for Hell and a Description of its Angels Allah said,

び⊥りケ∠ ゅ∠イエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ワキ⊥ ヲ⊥ホ∠ヱぴ (whose fuel is men and st ones,) indicat ing t hat t he Children of Adam will be fuel for t he Fire t hat will feed it ,

び⊥りケ∠ ゅ∠イエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and st ones) in reference t o t he idols t hat were worshipped, j ust as Allah said in anot her Ayah,

び∠ユレｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ょ ⊥ ダ ∠ ェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Cert ainly you and t hat which you are worshipping now besides Allah, are (but ) fuel for Hell!) (21:98) ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud, Muj ahid, Abu Ja` far Al-Baqir and As-Suddi said t hat t hese are sulfur st ones t hat are more put rid t han rot t en corpses, according t o Muj ahid. Allah's st at ement ,

び∀キや∠ギセ ͡ ド ∀Κ ∠ビ ͡ ∀る∠ムゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ぴ (over which are (appoint ed) angels st ern (and) severe,) means, t heir nat ure of behavior is st ern, because t he mercy has been t aken out of t heir heart s for t hose who disbelieve in Allah,

び∀キや∠ギセ ͡ぴ (severe) meaning, t heir st ruct ure is powerful, st rong and fright ening,

ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ダ∇バΑ∠ Ι ｚぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ゲョ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥

(who disobey not t he commands t hey receive from Allah, but do t hat which t hey are commanded.) meaning, what ever Allah commands t hem, t hey rush t o obey Him, wit hout delay for even a t winkling of an eye. They are able t o fulfill t he command; t hey are called AzZabaniyah, meaning, t he keepers and guards of Hell, may Allah give us shelt er from t hem.

No Excuse will be accepted from the Disbeliever on the Day of Resurrection Allah said,

ラ ∠ ∇ヱゴ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ケグ͡ わ∠ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ (O you who disbelieve! Make no excuses t his Day! You are being requit ed only for what you used t o do.) meaning, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t he disbeliever will be t old, "Do not offer any excuse t his Day, because it will not be accept ed from you; you will only be recompensed for what you used t o do. Today, you will receive t he punishment for your act ions.''

Encouraging sincere Repentance Allah t he Exalt ed said,

び⇔ゅェヲ⊥ダルｚ る⇔ よ∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥よヲ⊥ゎ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O you who believe! Turn t o Allah wit h sincere repent ance!) meaning, a t rue, firm repent ance t hat erases t he evil sins t hat preceded it and mend t he short coming of t he repent ing person, encouraging and direct ing him t o quit t he evil t hat he used t o do. Allah said,

∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ゲ∠ ヘあ ム∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ぴ び⊥ゲ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ (It may be t hat your Lord will expiat e from you your sins, and admit you int o Gardens under which rivers flow) And when Allah says, "it may be,'' it means He shall.

び⊥ヮバ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ヴ ｚ ら͡ レｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ン͡ゴ∇ガΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (t he Day t hat Allah will not disgrace t he Prophet and t hose who believe wit h him) meaning, on t he Day of Resurrect ion, Allah will not disgrace t hose who believed in t he Prophet ,

び∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αほ∠よ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ∠バ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ルぴ (Their light will run forward before t hem and in t heir right hands.) as we explained in Surat AlHadid,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ べ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや∠ヱ ゅ∠ルケ∠ ヲ⊥ル ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ユヨ͡ ∇ゎぺ∠ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ び∀ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ (They will say:"Our Lord! Keep perfect our light for us and grant us forgiveness. Verily, You are Able t o do all t hings.'') Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak and Al-Hasan Al-Basri and ot her said, "This is t he st at ement t hat t he believers will say on t he Day of Resurrect ion, when t hey wit ness t he light of t he hypocrit es being ext inguished.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat a man from t he t ribe of Banu Kinanah said, "I prayed behind t he Messenger of Allah during t he year of t he Conquest (of Makkah), and heard him say,

«る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡ル͡ゴ∇ガゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや» (O Allah! Please, do not disgrace me on t he Day of Resurrect ion.)''

∇ナヤ⊥∇ビや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ケ∠ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや ギ͡ ヰ͡ ⇒∠ィ ヴ ぁ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ - ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヅ ∃ ヲ⊥ャ れ ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや∠ヱ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル れ ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ゅ∠わル∠ ゅ∠ガプ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βエ ∠ ヤ͡⇒タ ∠ ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ∇らハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠わ∠ルゅ∠ミ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや Κ ∠カ ⊥ ∇キや モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゅ∠レΒ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヤカ ͡ ギ∠ ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ (9. O Prophet ! St rive hard against t he disbelievers and t he hypocrit es, and be severe against t hem; t heir abode will be Hell, and worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion.) (10. Allah set s fort h an example for t hose who disbelieve: t he wife of Nuh and t he wife of Lut . They were under t wo of our right eous servant s, but t hey bot h bet rayed t hem. So, t hey availed t hem not against Allah and it was said: "Ent er t he Fire along wit h t hose who ent er!'')

The Command for Jihad against the Disbelievers and the Hypocrites

Allah t he Exalt ed orders His Messenger t o perform Jihad against t he disbelievers and hypocrit es, t he former wit h weapons and armament s and t he lat er by est ablishing Allah's legislat ed penal code,

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ナヤ⊥∇ビや∠ヱぴ (and be severe against t hem) meaning, in t his life,

び⊥ゲΒ͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (t heir abode will be Hell, and worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion.) t hat is, in t he Hereaft er.

The Disbeliever shall never benefit from His Believing Relative on the Day of Resurrection Allah t he exalt ed said,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ぴ (Allah set s fort h an example for t hose who disbelieve) meaning, t he disbelievers who live t oget her in t his life wit h Muslims, t heir mixing and mingling wit h Muslims will not help t he disbelievers, nor will it avail t hem wit h Allah, unt il and unless t hey gain fait h in t heir heart s. Then Allah ment ioned t he parable, saying,

リ ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ∇らハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠わ∠ルゅ∠ミ ヅ ∃ ヲ⊥ャ れ ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや∠ヱ ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル れ ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョやぴ び͡リ∇Βエ ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠タ ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ (t he wife of Nuh and t he wife of Lut . They were under t wo of our right eous servant s,) means, t hey were t he wives of t wo of Allah's Messengers and were t heir companions by day and night , eat ing wit h t hem and sleeping wit h t hem, as much as any marriage cont ains of int eract ion bet ween spouses. However,

びゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ゅ∠わル∠ ゅ∠ガプ∠ ぴ (t hey bot h bet rayed t hem.) meaning, in t he fait h, t hey did not adhere t o t he fait h sent t hrough t heir husbands nor accept ed t heir message. Therefore, all t he int imat e knowledge of t heir husbands neit her helped t hem nor prevent ed punishment , hence Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔ゅゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゅ∠レΒ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (So, t hey availed t hem not against Allah) means, because t heir wives were disbelievers,

び∠モΒ͡ホヱ∠ ぴ (and it was said) meaning, t o t hese wives,

び∠リΒ͡ヤカ ͡ ギ∠ ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや Κ ∠カ ⊥ ∇キやぴ (Ent er t he Fire along wit h t hose who ent er!) The part of t he Ayah t hat reads,

びゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ゅ∠わル∠ ゅ∠ガプ∠ ぴ (but t hey bot h bet rayed t hem) does not pert ain t o commit t ing illegal sexual int ercourse, but t o refusing t o accept t he religion. Surely, t he wives of t he Prophet s were immune from commit t ing illegal sexual int ercourse on account of t he honor t hat Allah has grant ed His Prophet s, as we explained in Surat An-Nur. Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, "They bet rayed t hem by not following t heir religion. The wife of Prophet Nuh used t o expose his secret s, informing his oppressive people whenever any person embraced t he fait h wit h Nuh. As for t he wife of Prophet Lut , she used t o inform t he people of t he cit y (Sodom), who commit t ed t he awful sexual act (sodomy), whenever a guest was ent ert ained by her husband.'' Ad-Dahhak report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "No wife of a Prophet ever commit t ed adult ery and fornicat ion. Rat her, t hey bet rayed t hem by refusing t o follow t heir religion.'' Similar was said by ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Ad-Dahhak and ot hers.

ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ り∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ∂ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ͡レイ ∂ ル∠ ヱ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔わ∇Βよ∠ ポ ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヴ͡ャ リ ͡ ∇よや ゆ ∂ ケ∠ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ ∠リΒ͡ヨ͡ヤ⇒ｚヌャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡レイ ∂ ル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ガヘ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰィ ∠ ∇ゲプ∠ ∇ろレ∠ ダ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ラ ∠ や∠ゲ∇ヨハ ͡ る∠ レ∠ ∇よや ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ わ⊥ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよｚ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ∇ろホ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ͡ェヱぁケ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ び∠リΒ͡わレ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ろル∠ ゅミ∠ ヱ∠ (11. And Allah has set fort h an example for t hose who believe: t he wife of Fir` awn, when she said: "My Lord! Build for me a home wit h You in Paradise, and save me from Fir` awn and his work, and save me from t he people who are wrongdoers.) (12. And Maryam, t he daught er of ` Imran who guarded her chast it y (privat e part ). And We breat hed int o it t hrough Our Ruh, and she t est ified t o t he t rut h of her Lords Kalimat , and His Kut ub, and she was of t he Qanit in.)

The Disbelievers can cause no Harm to the Believers

This is a parable t hat Allah made of t he believers, in t hat , if t hey needed t o, t heir associat ion wit h t he disbelievers will not harm t hem. Allah t he Exalt ed said,

ラ ͡ ヱキ⊥ リ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや グ͡ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ Ι ｚぴ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや び⇔る⇒∠ボゎ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ま͡ (Let not t he believers t ake t he disbelievers as prot ect ing friends inst ead of t he believers, and whoever does t hat , will never be helped by Allah in any way, except you indeed fear a danger from t hem.) (3:28) Qat adah said, "Fir` awn was t he most t yrannical among t he people of t he eart h and t he most disbelieving. By Allah! His wife was not affect ed by her husband's disbelief, because she obeyed her Lord. Therefore, let it be known t hat Allah is t he Just Judge Who will not punish anyone except for t heir own sins.'' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Sulayman said, "The wife of Fir` awn was t ort ured under t he sun and when Fir` awn would finish t he t ort ure session, t he angels would shade her wit h t heir wings. She was shown her house in Paradise.'' Ibn Jarir said t hat Al-Qasim bin Abi Bazzah said, "Fir` awn's wife used t o ask, ` Who prevailed' When she was t old, ` Musa and Harun prevailed', she said, ` I believe in t he Lord of Musa and Harun.' Fir` awn sent his aides t o her and said t o t hem, ` Find t he biggest st one. If she insist s on keeping her fait h, t hrow t he st one on her, ot herwise she is my wife. When t hey came t o her, she looked up t o t he sky and was able t o see her house in Paradise. She persist ed on t he fait h and her soul was t hen capt ured. The st one was t hrown on her lifeless body.'' This is t he meaning of her st at ement ,

リ͡ョ ヴ͡レイ あ ル∠ ヱ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ⇔わ∇Βよ∠ ポ ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ヴ͡ャ リ ͡ ∇よや ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ び͡ヮヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ (My Lord! Build for me a home wit h You in Paradise, and save me from Fir` awn and his work,) means, ` deliver me from him, because I am innocent of his act ions,'

び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡レイ あ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and save me from t he people who are wrongdoers.) Her name was Asiyah bint Muzahim, may Allah be pleased wit h her. Allah said,

びゅ∠ヰィ ∠ ∇ゲプ∠ ∇ろレ∠ ダ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ラ ∠ や∠ゲ∇ヨハ ͡ る∠ レ∠ ∇よや ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Maryam, t he daught er of ` Imran who guarded her chast it y (privat e part ).) meaning, who prot ect ed and purified her honor, by being chast e and free of immoralit y,

びゅ∠レェ ͡ ヱぁケ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ガヘ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ぴ

(And We breat hed int o it (privat e part ) t hrough Our Ruh,) meaning, t hrough t he angel Jibril. Allah sent t he angel Jibril t o Maryam, and he came t o her in t he shape of a man in every respect . Allah commanded him t o blow int o a gap of her garment and t hat breat h went int o her womb t hrough her privat e part ; t his is how ` Isa was conceived. This is why Allah said here,

ゅ∠ヰよｚ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ∇ろホ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ͡ェヱぁケ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ガヘ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ぴ び͡ヮら͡ わ⊥ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ (And We breat hed int o it t hrough Our Ruh, and she t est ified t o t he t rut h of her Lords Kalimat , and His Kut ub,) meaning His decree and His legislat ion.

び∠リΒ͡わレ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and she was of t he Qanit in.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah drew four lines on t he ground and said,

«∨や∠グワ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケ∇ギゎ∠ ぺ∠» (Do you know what t hese lines represent ) They said, ` Allah and His Messenger know best .' He said,

∩∃ギ͡ヤ∇Α∠ヲカ ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇レよ͡ る⊥ イ ∠ Α͡ギカ ∠ :る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ジル͡ モ ⊥ツ ∠ ∇プぺ∠» る⊥ Β∠ シ ͡ へ∠ヱ ∩∠ラや∠ゲ∇ヨハ ͡ る⊥ レ∠ ∇よや ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∃ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇レよ͡ る⊥ ヨ∠ デ ͡ ゅ∠プヱ∠ «ラ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ り⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ユ∃ ェ ͡ や∠ゴョ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇レよ͡ (The best among t he women of Paradise are Khadij ah bint Khuwaylid, Fat imah bint Muhammad, Maryam bint ` Imran and Asiyah bint Muzahim, wife of Fir` awn.) It is confirmed in t he Two Sahihs from Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅｚャま͡ ￢͡ ゅ∠ジレあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇モヨ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ィゲあ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ モ ∠ ヨ⊥ ミ∠ » ∩∠ラや∠ゲ∇ヨハ ͡ る⊥ レ∠ ∇よや ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ラ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ り⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや る⊥ Β∠ シ ͡へ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∠ ゼ ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ハ モ ∠ ∇ツプ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩∃ギヤ͡∇Αヲ∠ カ ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇レよ͡ る⊥ イ ∠ Α͡ギカ ∠ ヱ∠ «ュゅ∠バト ｚ ャや ゲ͡ も͡ ゅ∠シ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ギ͡ Α͡ゲんｚ ャや モ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ ミ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ジレあ ャや

(Many men have reached t he level of perfect ion, but none among women have reached t his level except Asiyah -- Fir` awn's wife, Maryam--t he daught er of ` Imran, and Khadij ah--t he daught er of Khuwaylid. And no doubt , t he superiorit y of ` A'ishah t o ot her women is like t he superiorit y of Tharid t o ot her meals.) In my book, Al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah, I have ment ioned t hese Hadit hs using t heir various chains of narrat ion in relat ing t he st ory of Prophet ` Isa and his mot her Maryam, peace be upon t hem, all praise be t o Allah. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat At -Tahrim, all t hanks and praise are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Mulk (Chapter - 67) Which was revealed in Makkah The Virtues of Surat Al-Mulk Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat Allah's Messenger said,

∇ろバ∠ ヘ∠ セ ∠ る⇔ Α∠ へ リ ∠ Β͡をゅ∠ヤを∠ ラ ͡ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ り⇔ ケ∠ ヲ⊥シ ラ ｚ ま͡» :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ビ ⊥ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰら͡ ェ ͡ ゅ∠ダャ͡ «び⊥マ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ン͡グャｚや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぴ (Verily, t here is a chapt er in t he Qur'an which cont ains t hirt y Ayat t hat will int ercede on behalf of it s recit er unt il he is forgiven. (It is): (Blessed be He in Whose Hand is t he dominion.)) This Hadit h was collect ed by At -Tirmidhi and t he four Sunan Compilers. At -Tirmidhi said concerning it , "This is a Hasan Hadit h.'' At -Tabarani and Al-Hafiz Ad-Diya' Al-Maqdisi bot h recorded from Anas t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヴ∇わェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡ら͡ェゅ∠タ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ろヨ∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠カ ラ ͡ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∀り∠ケヲ⊥シ» :る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇わヤ∠カ ∠ ∇キぺ∠ «び⊥マ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ン͡グャｚや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぴ (There is a chapt er of t he Qur'an t hat will argue on behalf of it s recit er unt il it causes him t o ent er int o Paradise. (It is): (Blessed be He in Whose Hand is t he dominion.))

び͡ユΒ͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

￢∇ヴセ ∠ ∂モミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ マ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャや ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ン͡グャｚや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぴ ∇ユム⊥ Αぁ ぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ ャ͡ り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや -∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや -ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴ͡プ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ゅｚョ ゅ⇔ホゅ∠らデ ͡ れ ∃ ヲ⇒∠ヨシ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ -ケ∃ ヲ⊥トプ⊥ リ͡ョ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ノ͡ ィ ͡ ∇ケゅ∠プ れ ∃ ヲ⊥ ⇒∠ヘゎ∠ リ͡ョ ゲ⊥ ダ ∠ ら∠ ャや マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ょヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Α リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚ ミ∠ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ら∠ ャや ノ͡ ィ ͡ ケ∇や ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅｚレΑｚ コ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ -∀ゲΒ͡ジ∠ェ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃシ ͡ ゅ∠カ ゅ∠ル∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ͡ Β͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ヤ∂ャ ゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ィケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ウ ∠ Β͡ら⇒∠ダヨ∠ よ͡ び-ゲ͡ Β͡バジ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ (1. Blessed be He in Whose Hand is t he dominion; and He is Able t o do all t hings.) (2. Who has creat ed deat h and life t hat He may t est you which of you is best in deed. And He is t he Almight y, t he Oft -Forgiving;) (3. Who has creat ed t he seven heavens one above t he ot her; you can see no fault in t he creat ion of t he Most Gracious. Then look again. Can you see any rift s) (4. Then look again and yet again, your sight will ret urn t o you Khasi', and worn out .) (5. And indeed We have adorned t he nearest heaven wit h lamps, and We have made such lamps (as) missiles t o drive away t he Shayat in, and have prepared for t hem t he t orment of t he blazing Fire.)

Glorification of Allah and mentioning the Creation of Death, Life, the Heavens and the Stars Allah t he Exalt ed glorifies His Noble Self and informs t hat t he dominion is in His Hand. This means t hat He deals wit h all of His creat ures however He wishes and t here is none who can reverse His decree. He is not quest ioned concerning what He does because of His force, His wisdom and His j ust ice. For t his reason Allah says,

び∀ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and He is Able t o do all t hings.) Then Allah says,

び∠りヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ

(Who has creat ed deat h and life) Those who say t hat deat h is an exist ing creat ion use t his Ayah as a proof because it is somet hing t hat has been creat ed. This Ayah means t hat He brought creat ion int o exist ence from not hing in order t o t est t he creat ures. He examines t hem t o see which of t hem will be best in deeds. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠Β∇ェほ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ゎヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ぴ (How can you disbelieve in Allah Seeing t hat you were dead and He gave you life.) (2:28) In t his Ayah Allah named t he first st age, which is non-exist ence, "deat h.'' Then he named t he origin or beginning of exist ence, "lif e.'' This is why Allah says,

び∇ユム⊥ Β͡Β∇エΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then He will give deat h, t hen again will bring you t o life ( on t he Day of Resurrect ion)) (2:28). Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔Κヨ∠ ハ ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Αぁ ぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ (He may t est you which of you is best in deed.) it means best in deeds. This is as Muhammad bin ` Aj lan said. It should be not ed t hat Allah did not say "which of you does t he most deeds.'' Allah t hen says,

び⊥ケヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He is t he Almight y, t he Oft -Forgiving.) This means t hat He is t he Almight y, t he Most Great , t he Most Powerful and t he Most Honorable. However, along wit h t his He is Most Forgiving t o whoever t urns t o Him in repent ance and seeks His pardon aft er having disobeyed Him and opposed His commandment . Even t hough Allah is Almight y, He also forgives, shows mercy, pardons and excuses. Then Allah says,

びゅ⇔ホゅ∠らデ ͡ れ ∃ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨシ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (Who has creat ed t he seven heavens one above t he ot her;) meaning st acked one on t op of t he ot her. Are t hey connect ed t o each ot her, meaning t hat t hey are in elevat ed ascension, some of t hem being st acked above ot hers, or separat ed wit h space bet ween t hem There are t wo views concerning t his, and t he most correct opinion seems t o be t he lat t er as is proven in t he Hadit h of Isra' (t he Prophet 's Night Journey) and ot her narrat ions. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∃れヲ⊥ ⇒∠ヘゎ∠ リ͡ョ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ヴプ͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ゅｚョぴ (you can see no fault in t he creat ion of t he Most Gracious.) means, it (t he creat ion) is done in a flawless manner, and t hese are connect ed wit h each ot her so as t o forms a st raight level, having no disunion, conflict , inconsist ency, deficiency, flaw or defect . This is t he reason t hat Allah says,

び∃ケヲ⊥トプ⊥ リ͡ョ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ノ͡ ィ ͡ ∇ケゅ∠プぴ (Then look again. Can you see any rift s) meaning, look at t he sky and pay close at t ent ion t o it . Do you see any flaw, deficiency, defect or rift s in it Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak, At hThawri and ot hers said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∃ケヲ⊥トプ⊥ リ͡ョ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ノ͡ ィ ͡ ∇ケゅ∠プぴ (Then look again. Can you see any rift s) t hat it means cracks. As-Suddi said t hat ,

び∃ケヲ⊥トプ⊥ リョ͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ ぴ (Can you see any rift s) means any t ears. Qat adah said,

び∃ケヲ⊥トプ⊥ リ͡ョ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ ぴ (Can you see any rift s) means, ` do you see any defect s O Son of Adam (mankind)' In reference t o Allah's st at ement ,

び͡リ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚ ミ∠ ゲ∠ ダ ∠ ら∠ ャや ノ͡ ィ ͡ ケ∇や ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then look again and yet again, ) Qat adah said, "It means (look) t wice.''

びゅ⇔ゃシ ͡ ゅ∠カ ゲ⊥ ダ ∠ ら∠ ャや マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ょヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Αぴ (your sight will ret urn t o you Khasi',) Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Khasi' means humiliat ed. Muj ahid and Qat adah bot h said t hat it means despised.

び∀ゲΒ͡ジェ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and worn out .) Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t his means it will be exhaust ed. Muj ahid, Qat adah and AsSuddi all said t hat it means broken down fat igue t hat comes from weakness. Thus, t he Ayah means t hat if you cont inuously looked, no mat t er how much you look, your sight will ret urn t o you.

びゅ⇔ゃシ ͡ ゅ∠カぴ (Khasi') due t o t he inabilit y t o see any flaw or defect (in Allah's creat ion).

び∀ゲΒ͡ジェ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and worn out .) meaning, exhaust ed and broken down feebleness due t o t he great amount of repeat ed looking wit hout being able t o det ect any deficiency. Then, aft er Allah negat ed any deficiency in t he creat ion of t he heavens, He explains t heir perfect ion and beaut y. He says,

び∠ウΒ͡ら⇒∠ダヨ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅｚレΑｚ コ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed We have adorned t he nearest heaven wit h lamps, ) This refers t o t he st ars which have been placed in t he heavens, some moving and some st at ionary. In Allah's st at ement ,

び͡リΒ͡ト⇒∠Βゼ ｚ ヤあャ ゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ィケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and We have made t hem (as) missiles t o drive away t he Shayat in,) The pronoun ` t hem' in His st at ement , "and We have made t hem'' is t he same t ype of st at ement as t he st ars being referred t o as lamps. This does not mean t hat t hey are act ually missiles, because t he st ars in t he sky are not t hrown. Rat her, it is t he met eors beneat h t hem t hat are t hrown and t hey are t aken from t he st ars. And Allah knows best . Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ゲΒ͡バジ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and We have prepared for t hem t he t orment of t he blazing Fire.) means, ` We have made t his disgrace for t he devils in t his life and We have prepared for t hem t he t orment of t he blazing Fire in t he Hereaft er.' This is as Allah said in t he beginning of Surat As-Saffat ,

ゅ⇔ヌ∇ヘェ ͡ ヱ∠ - ょ ͡ ミ͡ ヲ∠ ム∠ ∇ャや る∃ レ∠ Α͡ゴよ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅｚレΑｚ コ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ Θ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨｚ ジ ｚ Α∠ Ι ｚ - キ∃ ケ͡ ゅｚョ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇Βセ ∠ モ あ ミ⊥ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ェキ⊥ - ょ ∃ ル͡ ゅ∠ィ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プグ∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ｘや ヮ⊥ バ∠ ら∠ ∇ゎほ∠プ∠ る∠ ヘ∠ ∇トガ ∠ ∇ャや ブ ∠ ト ͡カ ∠ ∇リョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ∀ょ͡タや∠ヱ ∀ゆやグ∠ハ び ∀ょ͡ホゅ∠を ∀ゆゅ∠ヰセ ͡ (Verily, We have adorned t he near heaven wit h t he st ars (for beaut y). And t o guard against every rebellious devil. They cannot list en t o t he higher group (angels) for t hey are pelt ed from every side. Out cast , and t heirs is a const ant (or painful) t orment . Except such as snat ch away somet hing by st ealing, and t hey are pursued by a flaming fire of piercing bright ness.) ぴ37:6-7び Qat adah said, "These st ars were only creat ed for t hree purposes: Allah creat ed t hem as adornment for t he heaven (sky), as missiles for t he devils and as signs for navigat ion. Therefore, whoever seeks t o int erpret any ot her meanings for t hem ot her t han t hese, t hen verily he has spoken wit h his own opinion, he has lost his port ion and burdened himself wit h t hat which he has no knowledge of.'' Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hat im bot h recorded t his st at ement .

ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ボΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ シ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ャぺ⊥ へ∠クま͡ - ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ∀ァ∇ヲ∠プ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヴ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ナ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゴ⊥ Βｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠ムゎ∠ - ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘゎ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ べ∠ヰわ⊥ ル∠ ゴ∠ カ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ほ∠シ ∠ ∇ラま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇よグｚ ∠ム∠プ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヱぺ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ゲ∃ Β͡らミ∠ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ハゅ∠プ - ゲ͡ Β͡バジ ｚ ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ボ͡ ∇バル∠ び ゲ͡ Β͡バジ ｚ ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タΙ ６ ゅ⇔ボ∇エジ ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ら͡ ル∠グよ͡ (6. And for t hose who disbelieve in t heir Lord is t he t orment of Hell, and worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion.) (7. When t hey are cast t herein, t hey will hear it s Shahiq while it is simmering.) (8. It almost burst s up wit h fury. Every t ime a group is cast t herein, it s keepers will ask: "Did no warner come t o you'') (9. They will say: "Yes, indeed a warner did come t o us, but we rej ect ed him and said: ` Allah never sent down anyt hing; you are only in great error.''') (10. And t hey will say: "Had we but list ened or used our int elligence, we would not have been among t he dwellers of t he blazing Fire!'') (11. Then t hey will confess t heir sin. So, away wit h t he dwellers of t he blazing Fire!)

The Description of Hell and Those Who will enter into it Allah t he Exalt ed says,

び∠ヱぴ (and) meaning, ` and We have prepared,'

び⊥ゲΒ͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ぴ (for t hose who disbelieve in t heir Lord is t he t orment of Hell, and worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion.) This means t hat t his will be t he worst end and a t errible dest iny.

びゅ⇔ボΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ シ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ャぺ⊥ へ∠クま͡ぴ

(When t hey are cast t herein, t hey will hear it s Shahiq) Ibn Jarir said, "This means t he sound of shout ing.''

び⊥ケヲ⊥ヘゎ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (while it is simmering.) At h-Thawri said, "It will boil t hem j ust as a small number of seeds are boiled in a lot of wat er.'' Then Allah says,

び͡ナ∇Βピ∠ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゴ⊥ Βｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠ムゎ∠ ぴ (It almost burst s up wit h fury.) meaning, some part s of it almost break apart from ot her part s due t o t he severit y of it s rage and anger wit h t hem.

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ほ∠シ ∠ ∀ァ∇ヲ∠プ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヴ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ナ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゴ⊥ Βｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠ムゎ∠ ぴ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ べ∠ヰわ⊥ ル∠ ゴ∠ カ ∠ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや メ ∠ ゴｚ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇よグｚ ∠ム∠プ び ゲ∃ Β͡らミ∠ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ (Every t ime a group is cast t herein, it s keepers will ask: "Did no warner come t o you'' They will say: "Yes, indeed a warner did come t o us, but we rej ect ed him and said: ` Allah never sent down anyt hing; you are only in great error.''') In t hese Ayat Allah reminds of His j ust ice in dealing wit h His creat ures and t hat He does not punish anyone unt il t he proof has been est ablished against t hem and a Messenger has been sent t o t hem. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔Ιヲ⊥シケ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らル∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡よグあ バ∠ ョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We never punish unt il We have sent a Messenger.) ぴ17:15び Allah also says,

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ∇ろエ ∠ わ͡ プ⊥ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ ∀モシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ べ∠ヰわ⊥ ル∠ ゴ∠ カ ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユム⊥ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢∠ べ⇒∠ボャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ケグ͡ レ⊥Αヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ び∠リΑ͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろボｚ ェ ∠ ∇リム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠

(t ill when t hey reach it , t he gat es t hereof will be opened. And it s keepers will say, "Did not t he Messengers come t o you from yourselves, recit ing t o you t he Ayat of your Lord, and warning you of t he meet ing of t his Day of yours'' They will say: "Yes,'' but t he Word of t orment has been j ust ified against t he disbelievers!'') ぴ39:71び Thus, t hey have no recourse but t o blame t hemselves and t hey will feel remorseful when such remorse will be of no benefit t o t hem. They will say,

ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ モ ⊥ ボ͡ ∇バル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ び͡ゲΒ͡バジ ｚ ャや (Had we but list ened or used our int elligence, we would not have been among t he dwellers of t he blazing Fire!) meaning, ` if we would have benefit ed from our int ellect s or list ened t o t he t rut h t hat Allah revealed, we would not have been disbelieving in Allah and misguided about Him. But we did not have underst anding t o comprehend what t he Messengers came wit h, and we did not have t he int elligence t o guide us t o following t hem.' Allah t hen says,

び ゲ͡ Β͡バジ ｚ ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タΙ ６ ゅ⇔ボ∇エジ ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ら͡ ル∠グよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ わ∠ ∇ハゅ∠プぴ (Then t hey will confess t heir sin. So, away wit h t he dwellers of t he blazing Fire!) Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Al-Bakht ari At -Ta'i t hat he heard from one of t he Companions t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ユ͡ヰジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ やヱ⊥ケグ͡ ∇バΑ⊥ ヴ∇わェ ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰΑ∠ ∇リャ∠» (The people will not be dest royed unt il t hey t hemselves confess t heir guilt .)

り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヰ∠ ∇ィや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヱぁゲシ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゲ∀ ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ - ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ - ゲ⊥ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャや ブ ⊥ Β͡トヤｚャや ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ホ͡ ∇コケあ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡ら͡ミゅ∠レ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ゼ∇ョゅ∠プ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥ャク∠ び ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ゼレぁ ャや (12. Verily, t hose who fear t heir Lord unseen, t heirs will be forgiveness and a great reward.) (13. And whet her you keep your t alk secret or disclose it , verily, He is t he All-Knower of what is in t he breast s.) (14. Should not He Who has creat ed know And He is t he Most Kind and

Court eous, All-Aware.) (15. He it is Who has made t he eart h subservient t o you; so walk in t he pat hs t hereof and eat of His provision. And t o Him will be t he resurrect ion.)

The Reward of those Who fear their Lord unseen Allah informs of he who fears st anding before his Lord, being fright ened about mat t ers bet ween himself and Allah when he is not in t he presence of ot her people. So he refrains from disobedience and he performs act s of obedience when no one sees him except Allah. Allah ment ions t hat t his person will have forgiveness and a great reward. This means t hat his sins will be remit t ed and he will be rewarded abundant ly. This is similar t o what has been confirmed in t he Two Sahihs,

ゅ∠ャ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ セ ͡ ∇ゲハ ∠ モ あニ ͡ ヶ͡プ ヴャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ぁヤヌ ͡ Α⊥ る∀ バ∠ ∇らシ ∠» «ヮぁヤニ ͡ ゅｚャま͡ モ ｚニ ͡ (There are seven people whom Allah t he Exalt ed will shade in t he shade of His Throne on t he Day when t here will be no shade except it s shade.) Then he ment ioned t hat among t hose people are:

ヶあルま͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∃メゅ∠ヨ∠ィ∠ヱ ょ ∃ ダ ͡ ∇レョ∠ れ ⊥ や∠ク り∀ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや ヮ⊥ ∇わハ ∠ キ∠ » ヴ∇わェ ∠ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ヘ∇カほ∠プ∠ る∃ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ∠ よ͡ ベ ∠ ギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ∠ケ∠ヱ ∩∠ぶや フ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ «ヮ⊥レΒ͡ヨ∠Α ペ ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇レゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ヨセ ͡ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ (A man who is t empt ed by a beaut iful woman of high social st at us, but he says: ` Verily, I fear Allah.' Anot her person from among t hem is a man who gives charit y and he conceals it so t hat his left hand does not know what his right hand spent .) Then He says, while informing t hat He is aware of t he innermost conscience and secret s,

れ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヰ∠ ∇ィや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヱぁゲ͡シ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ び ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや (And whet her you keep your t alk secret or disclose it , verily, He is t he All-Knower of what is in t he breast s.) meaning, t hat which occurs in t he heart s (ideas, t hought s, et c.).

び∠ペ∠ヤ∠カ ∇リョ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Should not He Who has creat ed know) This means, ` doesn't t he Creat or know'

び⊥ゲΒら͡ ガ ∠ ∇ャや ブ ⊥ Β͡トヤｚャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He is t he Most Kind and Court eous, All-Aware (of everyt hing).)

Allah's Favor of subjugating the Earth to His Servants Then Allah ment ions His favor t o His creat ion in subj ugat ing t he eart h t o t hem, and making it subservient t o t hem. This is by His making it a st able abode and dwelling place. He placed in it mount ains and caused wat er springs t o gush fort h from it . He fashioned pat hways, and placed useful t hings in it and places fert ile for t he growt h of fruit and veget at ion. Allah says,

ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ゼ∇ョゅ∠プ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥ャク∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ びゅ∠ヰら͡ ミ͡ ゅ∠レョ∠ (He it is Who has made t he eart h subservient t o you; so walk in t he pat hs t hereof) meaning, t ravel wherever you wish t hroughout it s regions and frequent it s count rysides and all t he areas of it s domain in your various j ourneys t o seek earnings and t rade. And know t hat your effort s will not benefit you anyt hing unless Allah makes mat t ers easy for you. Allah cont inues t o say,

び͡ヮホ͡ ∇コケあ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∠ヱぴ (and eat of His provision.) Thus, st riving by using t he means (t o at t ain somet hing) does not negat e t he necessit y of depending upon Allah (At -Tawakkul). This is similar t o what Imam Ahmad recorded from ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab, t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

∇ユム⊥ ホ∠ コ∠ ゲ∠ ャ∠ ∩͡ヮ͡ヤミぁ ∠ヲ∠ゎ ペ ｚェ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミｚ ヲ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠∇ヲャ∠» «ゅ⇔ルゅ∠トよ͡ ゥ ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔タゅ∠ヨカ ͡ ヱ⊥ギ∇ピ∠ゎ ∩∠ゲ∇Βト ｚ ャや ベ ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ (If you would t rust in Allah as He t ruly should be t rust ed in, He would surely provide for you as He provides for t he birds. They set out in t he morning wit h empt y st omachs and ret urn in t he evening wit h full st omachs.) At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah all recorded t his Hadit h. At Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.'' So t his confirms t hat t he bird searches morning and evening for it s sust enance while depending upon Allah. For He is t he Subduer, t he Cont roller and t he One Who causes everyt hing.

び⊥ケヲ⊥ゼレぁ ャや ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t o Him will be t he resurrect ion.) meaning, t he place of ret urn on t he Day of Judgement . Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, As-Suddi and Qat adah all said t hat Manakibiha (it s pat hs) means it s out ermost borders, it s roads and it s regions.

チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ よ͡ ブ ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リｚョ ∇ユわ⊥ レ͡ョ￢∠ ぺ∠ぴ ラ∠ぺ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ レ͡ョぺ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ - ゲ͡ Α͡グル∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠わジ ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ら͡ダ⇒∠ェ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ - ゲ͡ Β͡ムル ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇ツら͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚヘ⇒⇒∠タ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βト ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ び ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ｚリヰ⊥ ム⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ (16. Do you feel secure t hat He, Who is over t he heaven, will not cause t he eart h t o sink wit h you, and t hen it should quake) (17. Or do you feel secure t hat He, Who is over t he heaven, will not send against you a Hasib Then you shall know how has been My warning.) (18. And indeed t hose before t hem rej ect ed, t hen how t errible was My reproach) (19. Do t hey not see t he birds above t hem, spreading out t heir wings and folding t hem in None upholds t hem except t he Most Gracious. Verily, He is t he All-Seer of everyt hing.)

How can You feel Secure against the Punishment of Allah while He is Able to seize You however He wills This is anot her indicat ion of His gent leness and His mercy wit h His creat ures. He is able t o punish t hem because some of t hem disbelieve in Him and worship ot hers besides Him, yet He is forbearing, He pardons, and He gives respit e for an appoint ed t ime wit hout hast ening. This is as He says,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや グ⊥ カ ͡ や∠ぽΑ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ あカぽ∠ Α⊥ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ワゲ͡ ∇ヰニ ∠ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ (And if Allah were t o punish men for t hat which t hey earned, He would not leave a moving creat ure on t he surface of t he eart h; but He gives t hem respit e t o an appoint ed t erm: and when t heir t erm comes, t hen verily, Allah is Ever All-Seer of His servant s.) ぴ35:45び Here Allah says,

チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ よ͡ ブ ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リｚョ ∇ユわ⊥ レ͡ョ￢∠ ぺ∠ぴ び ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ (Do you feel secure t hat He, Who is over t he heaven, will not cause t he eart h t o sink wit h you, and t hen it should quake) meaning, t hat it would move back and fort h, and be disrupt ed.

∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ レ͡ョぺ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ び⇔ゅら͡ダ⇒∠ェ (Or do you feel secure t hat He, Who is over t he heaven, will not send against you a Hasib) meaning, a wind cont aining gravel t hat will st rike you, as Allah says in anot her Ayah,

モ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲあ ら∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ィ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ブ ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ レ͡ョほ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔ら͡タゅ∠ェ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (Do you t hen feel secure t hat He will not cause a side of t he land t o swallow you up, or t hat He will not send against you a violent sandst orm Then, you shall find no t rust ee.) ぴ17:68び And similarly, here Allah t hreat ens t hem wit h His st at ement ,

び͡ゲΑ͡グル∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バわ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then you shall know how has been My warning.) meaning, ` how is My admonit ion and what will happen t o t hose who disregard and rej ect it .' Then Allah says,

び∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed t hose before t hem rej ect ed,) meaning, from t he previous nat ions and t he old generat ions t hat have passed. Then Allah says,

び͡ゲΒ͡ムル∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ぴ (t hen how t errible was My reproach) meaning, ` how was My rebuke of t hem and my punishment of t hem.' Meaning, it was great , severe and painful.

The flight of Birds is by the Power of Allah and it is a Proof that He sees everything small and large

Allah says,

び∠リ∇ツら͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚヘ⇒⇒∠タ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βト ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Do t hey not see t he birds above t hem, spreading out t heir wings and folding t hem in) meaning, somet imes t hey spread t heir wings out in t he wind (gliding) and ot her t imes t hey gat her and spread (flapping) t he wings in flight

びｚリヰ⊥ ム⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョぴ (None upholds t hem) meaning, in t he air,

び⊥リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except t he Most Gracious.) meaning, Allah holds t hem up in t he air by subj ect ing t he air t o t hem out of His mercy and His gent leness.

び∀ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, He is t he All-Seer of everyt hing.) means, wit h what is beneficial and suit able for all of His creat ures. This is similar t o His st at ement ,

ゅ∠ョ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヲあ ィ ∠ ヴ͡プ れ ∃ ゲ∠ ガ ｚジ ∠ ョ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇Βト ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ｚリヰ⊥ ム⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ び (Do t hey not see t he birds held in t he midst of t he sky None upholds t hem but Allah. Verily, in t his are clear Ayat for people who believe.) ぴ24:79び

ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ギレ⊥ィ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ン͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇リョｚ ぺ∠ぴ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇リョｚ ぺ∠ - ケ∃ ヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ラ ͡ ま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ｙヲわ⊥ ハ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲぁイャｚ モ∠よ ヮ⊥ ホ∠ ∇コケ͡ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ン∠ギ∇ワぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔ら∂ ム͡ ョ⊥ ヴ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ - ケ∃ ヲ⊥ヘル⊥ ヱ∠

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ - ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔Α∂ ヲ͡ シ ∠ ヴ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ リｚョぺ∠ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ノ∠ ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや ∇ユミ⊥ ぺ∠ケ∠ ク∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ り∠ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プΙ ｘ や∠ヱ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠わョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ユ⊥ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ギ⊥ ∇ハヲ∠ ∇ャや ロ⊥ ヲィ ⊥ ヱ⊥ ∇ろゃ∠ Β͡シ る⇔ ヘ∠ ∇ャコ⊥ ロ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギｚ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ン͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ワ モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや (20. Who is it besides t he Most Gracious t hat can be an army t o you t o help you The disbelievers are in not hing but delusion.) (21. Who is it t hat can provide for you if He should wit hhold His provision Nay, but t hey cont inue t o be in pride, and flee.) (22. Is he who walks prone on his face, more right ly guided, or he who walks upright on a st raight pat h) (23. Say: "It is He Who has creat ed you, and endowed you wit h hearing and seeing, and heart s. Lit t le t hanks you give.'') (24. Say: "It is He Who has creat ed you on t he eart h, and t o Him shall you be gat hered.'') (25. They say: "When will t his promise come t o pass, if you are t elling t he t rut h'') (26. Say: "The knowledge is wit h Allah only, and I am only a plain warner.'') (27. But when t hey will see it approaching, t he faces of t hose who disbelieve will be sad and grievous, and it will be said: "This is what you were calling for!'')

No One will help You and No One can grant Sustenance except for Allah Allah addresses t he idolat ors who worship ot hers besides Him, seeking help and sust enance from t hem. Allah rebukes t hem for what t hey believe, and He informs t hem t hat t hey will not at t ain t hat which t hey hope for. Allah says,

ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ギレ⊥ィ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ン͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒ワ∠ ∇リョｚ ぺ∠ぴ び͡リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや (Who is it besides t he Most Gracious t hat can be an army t o you t o help) imeaning, t here is no prot ect or or helper for you besides Him. This is t he reason t hat Allah says,

び∃ケヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ ヴ͡プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ラ ͡ ま͡ぴ

(The disbelievers are in not hing but delusion.) Then Allah says,

び⊥ヮホ∠ ∇コケ͡ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇リョｚ ぺ∠ぴ (Who is it t hat can provide for you if He should wit hhold His provision) meaning, who is it t hat can provide for you if Allah cut s off your sust enance There is no one who gives, wit hholds, creat es, provides and helps ot her t han Allah alone, Who has no part ner. This proves t hat t hey know t his, yet t hey st ill worship ot hers besides Him. Thus, Allah says,

び∇やヲぁイャｚ モ∠よぴ (Nay, but t hey cont inue) meaning, t hey persist in t heir t ransgression, lying and misguidance.

び∃ケヲ⊥ヘル⊥ ヱ∠ ｙヲわ⊥ ハ ⊥ ヴ͡プぴ (t o be in pride, and flee.) meaning, t hey cont inue in obst inance, arrogance and fleeing away from t he t rut h. They do not list en t o it nor do t hey follow it .

The Parable of the Disbeliever and the Believer Then Allah says,

ヴ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ リｚョぺ∠ ン∠ギ∇ワぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔ら∂ ム͡ ョ⊥ ヴ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔Α∂ ヲ͡ シ ∠ (Is he who walks prone on his face, more right ly guided, or he who walks upright on a st raight pat h) This is a parable which Allah made of t he believer and t he disbeliever. So t he condit ion of t he disbeliever is like one who walks prone on his face. This is like a person walking bent over on his face (wit h his head down) inst ead of walking upright . This person does not know where he is going or how. Rat her, he is lost , ast ray and confused. Is t his person more guided,

び⇔ゅΑ∂ ヲ͡ シ ∠ ヴ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ リｚョぺ∠ぴ (or he who walks upright ) meaning, he who st ands erect .

び ユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ヅ ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ぴ (on a st raight pat h) meaning, t his person who walks upright is on a clear pat h, and he is st raight wit hin himself while his pat h is st raight as well. This is t heir likeness in t his world, and t heir likeness will be t he same in t he Hereaft er. So t he believer will be gat hered (on t he Day of Judgement ) walking upright upon t he st raight pat h and t he vast and spacious Paradise will be

opened up for him. However, t he disbeliever will be gat hered walking down on his face t o t he Hellfire.

∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ⊥ ∇ェやぴ ヅ ͡ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥ギ∇ワゅ∠プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ び ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや (Assemble t hose who did wrong, t oget her wit h t heir companions and what t hey used t o worship inst ead of Allah, and lead t hem on t o t he way of flaming Fire.) (37:22,23) "Companions'' here means t hose like t hem. Imam Ahmad recorded from Anas bin Malik t hat it was said, "O Messenger of Allah! How will t he people be gat hered on t heir faces'' So t he Prophet replied,

∇ラぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ や⇔ケキ͡ ゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ゼ∇ョぺ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠» «ユ͡ヰワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ゼ ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ (Is not He who made t hem t o walk on t heir legs able t o make t hem walk on t heir faces'') This Hadit h is also recorded in t he Two Sahihs.

Allah's Power to create and It being an Evidence of the Final Abode Allah says,

び∇ユミ⊥ ほ∠ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say it is He Who has creat ed you,) meaning, He init iat ed your creat ion aft er you were not even a t hing wort h ment ioning (i.e., not hing). Then He says,

び∠りギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プΕ ∠ や∠ヱ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ノ∠ ∇ヨジ ｚ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and endowed you wit h hearing and seeing, and heart s.) meaning, int ellect s and powers of reasoning.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ぴ (Lit t le t hanks you give.) meaning, how lit t le you use t hese abilit ies t hat Allah has blessed you wit h t o obey Him, t o act according t o His commandment s, and avoid His prohibit ions.

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ぺ∠ケ∠ ク∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "It is He Who has creat ed you on t he eart h...'') meaning, He has spread and dist ribut ed you all t hrougout t he various regions and areas of t he eart h wit h your differing languages, colors, shapes, appearances and forms.

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t o Him shall you be gat hered.) meaning, you all will come t oget her aft er t his separat ion and division. He will gat her you all j ust as He separat ed you and He will bring you back again j ust as He originat ed you. Then while informing of t he disbelievers who rej ect t he final ret urn, and doubt concerning it s real occurrence, Allah said;

びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ギ⊥ ∇ハヲ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠わョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (They say: "When will t his promise come t o pass if you are t elling t he t rut h'') meaning, ` when will t his gat hering aft er separat ion t hat you are informing us of, occur'

び͡ヮヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ユ⊥ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "The knowledge is wit h Allah only...'') meaning, ` no one knows t he t ime of t he Day of Judgement exact ly except Allah, but He has commanded me t o inform you t hat it is real and it will definit ely occur, so beware of it .'

び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and I am only a plain warner.) meaning, ` I am only obligat ed t o convey, and verily I have performed my dut y (of conveying) t owards you.' Then Allah says,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇ろゃ∠ Β͡シ る⇔ ヘ∠ ∇ャコ⊥ ロ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (But when t hey will see it approaching, t he faces of t hose who disbelieve will be sad and grievous.) means, when t he Day of Judgement begins, and t he disbelievers wit ness it , and t hey see t hat t he mat t er has drawn close, because everyt hing t hat is t o occur will occur, even if it t akes a long t ime. So, when what t hey denied occurs, it will grieve t hem because t hey will know what is await ing t hem t here (in Hell) of t he worst evil. This means t hat it will surround t hem and Allah will command what t hey were not able t o reckon or fully comprehend t o come t o t hem.

ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ￢͡ ヲ⊥シ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇や∇ヱギ∠ わ∠ ∇プΙ ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ヱ∠

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ わ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠ギよ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ベ ∠ ゅ∠ェヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ⇒∠ミ ゅ∠ョ れ ⊥ ゅ∠ゃΒあ シ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠ギよ∠ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢ゴ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ (and t here will become apparent t o t hem from Allah what t hey had not been reckoning. And t he evils of t hat which t hey earned will become apparent t o t hem, and t hat which t hey used t o mock at will encircle t hem.) (39:47,48) This is why it will be said t o t hem in order t o scold and repri- mand t hem,

び∠ラヲ⊥ハギｚ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ン͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (This is what you were calling for!) meaning, t hat you were seeking t o hast en.

ゅ∠レ∠ヨ͡ェ∠ケ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ ∠ バ͡ ョｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ レ͡ ム∠ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ - ユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ゲ⊥ Β͡イΑ⊥ リ∠ヨプ∠ ∇リョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バわ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ - リ ∃ Β͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ びリ ∃ Β͡バョｚ ￢∃ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ や⇔ケ∇ヲビ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ョ (28. Say: "Tell me! If Allah dest roys me, and t hose wit h me, or He best ows His mercy on us who can save t he disbelievers from a painful t orment '') (29. Say: "He is t he Most Gracious, in Him we believe, and upon Him we rely. So, you will come t o know who it is t hat is in manifest error.'') (30. Say: "Tell me! If (all) your wat er were t o sink away, who t hen can supply you wit h flowing wat er'')

The Death of the Believer will not save the Disbeliever, so let Him reflect upon His Deliverance Allah says,

び∇モホ⊥ ぴ (say) ` O Muhammad t o t hese idolat ors who are associat ing part ners wit h Allah and denying His favors,'

ゅ∠レ∠ヨ͡ェ∠ケ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ ∠ バ͡ ョｚ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヴ ∠ レ͡ ム∠ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び∃ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ゲ⊥ Β͡イΑ⊥ リ∠ヨプ∠ (Tell me! If Allah dest roys me, and t hose wit h me, or He best ows His mercy on us - who can save t he disbelievers from a painful t orment ) meaning, ` save yourselves, for verily, t here is not hing t hat can rescue you from Allah except repent ance, t urning t o Him for forgiveness and ret urning t o His religion. Your hopes t hat t orment and exemplary punishment will st rike us, will not benefit you. Whet her Allah punishes us or has mercy on us, t here is no escaping from Allah's punishment and painful t orment t hat you will suffer.' Then Allah says,

びゅ∠レ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "He is t he Most Gracious, in Him we believe, and upon Him we rely.) meaning, ` we believe in t he Lord of all t hat exist s, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful, and upon Him we rely in all of our affairs.' This is as Allah says,

び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プぴ (So worship Him and rely upon Him.) (11:123) Thus, Allah cont inues saying,

び∃リΒ͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バわ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, you will come t o know who it is t hat is in manifest error.) meaning, ` bet ween Us and you, and t o whom t he final end (ult imat e vict ory) will be for in t his life and in t he Hereaft er.'

Reminding of Allah's Blessing by the springing of Water and the Threat of It being taken away Demonstrating how merciful He is to His creatures, Allah says;

び⇔やケ∇ヲビ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ョ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "Tell me! If your wat er were t o sink away...'') meaning, if it were t o go away, disappearing int o t he lowest dept hs of t he eart h, t hen it would not be reachable wit h iron axes nor st rong arms. ` Gha'ir' (sinking) as used here in t he Ayah, is t he opposit e of springing fort h. This is why Allah says,

び∃リΒ͡バョｚ ￢∃ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ リ∠ヨ∠プぴ

(who t hen can supply you wit h flowing wat er) meaning, springing fort h, flowing, running upon t he face of t he eart h. This means t hat no one is able t o do t his except Allah. So, it is merely out of His favor and His grace t hat He causes wat er t o spring fort h for you, and He makes it run t o t he various regions of t he eart h in an amount t hat is suit able for t he needs of servant s, be it lit t le or abundant . So Allah's is all t he praise and t hanks. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Mulk and all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surah Nun (Chapter - 68) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲト ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ユ͡ ヤ∠ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ラぴ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∃ ヲ⊥レ∇ヨョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィΙ ∂ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∃ ヲ⊥レ∇イヨ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ ム⊥ あΑほ∠よ͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ダ ͡ ∇らわ⊥ ジ ∠ プ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ペ ∃ ヤ⊥カ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤ∠バ∠ャ ヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ モ ｚッ ∠ リ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥わ∇ヘヨ∠ ∇ャや びリ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ (1. Nun. By t he pen and by what t hey Yast ur.) (2. You, by t he grace of your Lord, are not insane.) (3. And verily, for you will be reward t hat is not Mamnun.) (4. And verily, you are on an exalt ed charact er.) (5. You will see, and t hey will see,) (6. Which of you is afflict ed wit h madness.) (7. Verily, your Lord is t he best Knower of him who has gone ast ray from His pat h, and He is t he best Knower of t hose who are guided.) We have already discussed t he special let t ers of t he Arabic alphabet at t he beginning of Surat Al-Baqarah. Thus, Allah's saying,

びラぴ (Nun), is like Allah's saying,

びソぴ (Sad), and Allah's saying,

びベぴ (Qaf), and similar t o t hem from t he individual let t ers t hat appear at t he beginning of Qur'anic chapt ers. This has been dis- cussed at lengt h previously and t here is no need t o repeat it here.

The Explanation of the Pen Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ユヤ∠ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (By t he pen) The apparent meaning is t hat t his refers t o t he act ual pen t hat is used t o writ e. This is like Allah's saying,

ユ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ - ユ͡ ヤ∠ボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ ング͡ ャｚや - ュ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ミΙ ｘや マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ぺゲ∠ ∇ホやぴ び ∇ユヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや (Read! And your Lord is t he Most Generous. Who has t aught by t he pen. He has t aught man t hat which he knew not .) (96:3-5) Therefore, t his st at ement is Allah's swearing and alert ing His creat ures t o what He has favored t hem wit h by t eaching t hem t he skill of writ ing, t hrough which knowledge is at t ained. Thus, Allah cont inues by saying,

び∠ラヱ⊥ゲト ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and by what t hey Yast ur.) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and Qat adah all said t hat t his means, "what t hey writ e.'' As-Suddi said, "The angels and t he deeds of t he servant s t hey record.'' Ot hers said, "Rat her, what is meant here is t he pen which Allah caused t o writ e t he decree when He wrot e t he decrees of all creat ion, and t his t ook place fift y-t housand years before He creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h.'' For t his, t hey present Hadit hs t hat have been report ed about t he Pen. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded from Al-Walid bin ` Ubadah bin As-Samit t hat he said, "My fat her called for me when he was dying and he said t o me: ` Verily, I heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

:メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩∇ょわ⊥ ∇ミや :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠ボ∠ ∇ャや ぶ ⊥ やペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ケ∠ ギ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ょ ͡ わ⊥ ∇ミや :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨⊥ょわ⊥ ∇ミぺ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α «ギ∠よほ∠∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∀リ͡もゅ∠ミ (Verily, t he first of what Allah creat ed was t he Pen, and He said t o it : "Writ e.'' The Pen said: "O my Lord, what shall I writ e'' He said: "Writ e t he decree and what ever will t hroughout et ernit y.'')'' This Hadit h has been recorded by Imam Ahmad t hrough various rout es of t ransmission. At -Tirmidhi also recorded it from a Hadit h of Abu Dawud At -Tayalisi and he (At Tirmidhi) said about it , "Hasan Sahih, Gharib.''

Swearing by the Pen refers to the Greatness of the Prophet Allah says,

びラ ∃ ヲ⊥レ∇イヨ∠ よ͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ョぴ (You, by t he grace of your Lord, are not insane.) meaning -- and all praise is due t o Allah -` you are not crazy as t he ignorant among your people claim. They are t hose who deny t he guidance and t he clear t rut h t hat you have come wit h. Therefore, t hey at t ribut e madness t o you because of it .'

びラ ∃ ヲ⊥レ∇ヨョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィΙ ∂ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, for you will be reward t hat is not Mamnun.) meaning, ` for you is t he great reward, and abundant blessings which will never be cut off or perish, because you conveyed t he Message of your Lord t o creat ion, and you were pat ient wit h t heir abuse.' The meaning of:

び∃ラヲ⊥レ∇ヨョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ぴ (not Mamnun) is t hat it will not be cut off. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び∃クヱ⊥グ∇イョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠トハ ∠ぴ (a gift wit hout an end.) (11:108) and His st at ement ,

び∃ラヲ⊥レ∇ヨョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then t hey shall have a reward wit hout end.) (95:6) Muj ahid said,

び∃ラヲ⊥レ∇ヨョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ぴ (Wit hout Mamnun) means "Wit hout reckoning.'' And t his refers back t o what we have said before.

The Explanation of the Statement: "Verily, You are on an Exalted Character.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ペ ∃ ヤ⊥カ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤ∠バ∠ャ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, you are on an exalt ed (st andard of) charact er.) Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, "Verily, you are on a great religion, and it is Islam.'' Likewise said Muj ahid, Abu Malik, As-Suddi and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas. Ad-Dahhak and Ibn Zayd also said t his. Sa` id bin Abi ` Arubah report ed from Qat adah t hat he said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ペ ∃ ヤ⊥カ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤ∠バ∠ャ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, you are on an exalt ed (st andard of) charact er.) "It has been ment ioned t o us t hat Sa` d bin Hisham asked ` A'ishah about t he charact er of t he Messenger of Allah , so she replied: ` Have you not read t he Qur'an' Sa` d said: ` Of course.' Then she said: ` Verily, t he charact er of t he Messenger of Allah was t he Qur'an.''' ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded similar t o t his and Imam Muslim recorded it in his Sahih on t he aut horit y of Qat adah in it s full lengt h. This means t hat he would act according t o t he commands and t he prohibit ion in t he Qur'an. His nat ure and charact er were pat t erned according t o t he Qur'an, and he abandoned his nat ural disposit ion (i.e., t he carnal nat ure). So what ever t he Qur'an commanded, he did it , and what ever it forbade, he avoided it . Along wit h t his, Allah gave him t he exalt ed charact er, which included t he qualit ies of modest y, kindness, bravery, pardoning, gent leness and every ot her good charact erist ic. This is like t hat which has been confirmed in t he Two Sahihs t hat Anas said, "I served t he Messenger of Allah for t en years, and he never said a word of displeasure t o me (Uff), nor did he ever say t o me concerning somet hing I had done: ` Why did you do t hat ' And he never said t o me concerning somet hing I had not done: ` Why didn't you do t his' He had t he best charact er, and I never t ouched any silk or anyt hing else t hat was soft er t han t he palm of t he Messenger of Allah . And I never smelled any musk or perfume t hat had a bet t er fragrance t han t he sweat of t he Messenger of Allah.'' Imam Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Al-Bara' said, "The Messenger of Allah had t he most handsome face of all t he people, and he had t he best behavior of all of t he people. And he was not t all, nor was he short .'' The Hadit hs concerning t his mat t er are numerous. Abu ` Isa At -Tirmidhi has a complet e book on t his subj ect called Kit ab AshShama'il. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "The Messenger of Allah never st ruck a servant of his wit h his hand, nor did he ever hit a woman. He never hit anyt hing wit h his hand, except for when he was fight ing Jihad in t he cause of Allah. And he was never given t he opt ion bet ween t wo t hings except t hat t he most beloved of t he t wo t o him was t he easiest of t hem, as long as it did not involve sin. If it did involve sin, t hen he st ayed fart her away from sin t han any of t he people. He would not avenge himself concerning anyt hing t hat was done t o him, except if t he limit s of Allah were t ransgressed. Then, in t hat case he would avenge for t he sake of Allah.'' Imam Ahmad also recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ベゅ∠ヤ∇カほ∠∇ャや ウ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠タ ユ∠ ヨあ ゎ∠ ほ⊥ャ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡» (I have only been sent t o perfect right eous behavior.) Ahmad was alone in recording t his Hadit h. In reference t o Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ⊥ ヲ⊥わ∇ヘヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ あΑほ∠よ͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ダ ͡ ∇らわ⊥ ジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (You will see, and t hey will see, which of you is afflict ed wit h madness.) t hen it means, ` you will know, O Muhammad -- and t hose who oppose you and rej ect you, will know -- who is insane and misguided among you.' This is like Allah's st at ement ,

び ゲ⊥ セ ͡Ι ｘやゆ ⊥ やｚグ∠ム∇ャや リ ͡ ョｚ や⇔ギ∠ビ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΒ∠ シ ∠ぴ (Tomorrow t hey will come t o know who is t he liar, t he insolent one!) (54:26) Allah also says,

び∃リΒ͡らョぁ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ヱぺ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヴ∠ヤバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ べｚルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(And verily (eit her) we or you are right ly guided or in plain error.) (34:24) Ibn Jurayj report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, it means "You will know and t hey will know on t he Day of Judgement .'' Al` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas;

びラ ⊥ ヲ⊥わ∇ヘヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ あΑほ∠よ͡ ぴ (Which of you is Maft un (afflict ed wit h madness) means which of you is crazy. This was also said by Muj ahid and ot hers as well. The lit eral meaning of Maft un is one who has been charmed or lured away from t he t rut h and has st rayed from it . Thus, t he ent ire st at ement means, ` so you will know and t hey will know,' or ` you will be informed and t hey will be informed, as t o which of you is afflict ed wit h madness.' And Allah knows best . Then Allah says,

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ モ ｚッ ∠ リ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ (Verily, your Lord is t he best Knower of him who has gone ast ray from His pat h, and He is t he best Knower of t hose who are guided.) meaning, ` He knows which of t he t wo groups are t ruly guided among you, and He knows t he part y t hat is ast ray from t he t rut h.'

-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レワ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ プ∠ リ ⊥ ワ͡ ∇ギゎ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱぁキヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ノ͡ ト ͡ ゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ - ユ∃ Β͡ヨレ∠ よ͡ ￢͡ べｚゼョｚ コ∃ ゅｚヨワ∠ - リ ∃ Β͡ヰョｚ フ ∃ Κ ｚェ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ∇ノト ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ラ∠ぺ - ユ∃ Β͡ルコ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ｙモわ⊥ ハ ⊥ - ユ∃ Β͡をぺ∠ ギ∃ わ∠ ∇バョ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ヤャあ ネ ∃ ゅｚレョｚ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡レよ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠ョ や∠ク ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ び ュ͡ ヲ⊥デ∇ゲガ ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ジ ͡ レ∠ シ ∠ - ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ (8. So, do not obey t he deniers.) (9. They wish t hat you should compromise wit h t hem, so t hey (t oo) would compromise wit h you.) (10. And do not obey every Hallaf Mahin.) (11. A Hammaz, going about wit h Namim,) (12. Hinderer of t he good, t ransgressor, sinful,) (13. ` Ut ul, and moreover Zanim.) (14. (He was so) because he had wealt h and children.) (15. When Our Ayat are recit ed t o him, he says: "Tales of t he men of old!'') (16. We shall brand him on t he snout (nose)!)

Prohibition of giving in to the Pressure of the Disbelievers and Their Suggestions, and that They like to meet in the Middle of the Path Allah says, ` j ust as We have favored you and given you t he upright legislat ion and great (st andard of) charact er,'

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レワ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ プ∠ リ ⊥ ワ͡ ∇ギゎ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱぁキヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ノ͡ ト ͡ ゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, do not obey t he deniers. They wish t hat you should compromise wit h t hem, so t hey (t oo) would compromise wit h you.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "That you would permit t hem (t heir idolat ry) and t hey also would permit you (t o pract ice your religion).'' Muj ahid said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レワ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ プ∠ リ ⊥ ワ͡ ∇ギゎ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱぁキヱ∠ ぴ (They wish t hat you should compromise wit h t hem, so t hey (t oo) would compromise wit h you.) "This means t hat you should be quiet about t heir gods and abandon t he t rut h t hat you are upon.'' Then Allah says,

びリ ∃ Β͡ヰョｚ フ ∃ Κ ｚェ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ∇ノト ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And do not obey every Hallaf (one who swears much) Mahin (liar or wort hless person).) This is because t he liar, due t o his weakness and his disgracefulness, only seeks prot ect ion in his false oat hs which he boldly swears t o while using Allah's Names, and he uses t hem (false oat hs) all t he t ime and out of place (i.e., unnecessarily). Ibn ` Abbas said, "Al-Mahin means t he liar.'' Then Allah says,

び∃コゅｚヨワ∠ ぴ (A Hammaz, ) Ibn ` Abbas and Qat adah bot h said, "This is slander.''

び∃ユΒ͡ヨレ∠ よ͡ ￢͡ べｚゼョｚ ぴ (going about wit h Namim,) This refers t o t he one who goes around among people inst igat ing discord bet ween t hem and carrying t ales in order t o corrupt relat ions bet ween people when t hey are good and pleasant . It is confirmed in t he Two Sahihs t hat Muj ahid report ed from Tawus t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah once passed by t wo graves and he said,

ゅｚョぺ∠ ∩∃ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ヶプ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠よグｚ バ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠よグｚ バ∠ Β⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡» ゲ⊥ カ ∠ ゅ∇ャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡メ∇ヲら∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ⊥ わ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∠ラゅ∠ム∠プ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ «る∠ヨΒ͡ヨレｚ ャゅ͡よ ヶ͡ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ (Verily, t hese t wo are being punished, and t hey are not being punished for somet hing maj or. One of t hem was not careful about prot ect ing himself from urine (when relieving himself). The ot her one used t o spread Namimah.)'' This Hadit h has been recorded by t he Group in t heir books t hrough rout es of t ransmission t hat are all on t he aut horit y of Muj ahid. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Hudhayfah said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

«れゅｚわホ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» (The slanderer will not ent er int o Paradise.)'' This Hadit h has been report ed by t he Group except for Ibn Maj ah. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ユ∃ Β͡をぺ∠ ギ∃ わ∠ ∇バョ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ヤャあ ネ ∃ ゅｚレョｚ ぴ (Hinderer of good, t ransgressor, sinful,) it means, he refuses t o give and wit hholds t hat which he has of good.

び∃ギわ∠ ∇バョ⊥ ぴ (t ransgressor,) t his means, in at t aining t hat which Allah has made permissible for him, he exceeds t he legislat ed bounds.

び∃ユΒ͡をぺ∠ぴ (sinful,) meaning, he delves int o t he forbidden t hings. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ユ∃ Β͡ルコ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ｙモわ⊥ ハ ⊥ぴ (` Ut ul, and moreover Zanim.) ` Ut ul means one who is cruel, harsh, st rong, greedy and st ingy. Imam Ahmad recorded from Al-Harit hah bin Wahb t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ヲャ∠ ブ ∃ バあ ツ ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ブ ∃ Β͡バッ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ∨͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワほ∠よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらル∠ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» ぁモミ⊥ ∨͡ケゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワほ∠よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらル∠ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ .ロ⊥ ゲｚ よ∠ ほ∠ャ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ∠ ジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ «ゲ͡ら∇ムわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ド ∃ やｚヲィ ∠ モ ∠ わ⊥ ハ ⊥ (Shall I inform you of t he people of Paradise (They will be) every weak and oppressed person. When he swears by Allah, he fulfills his oat h. Shall I inform you of t he people of t he Fire Every ` Ut ul (cruel person), Jawwaz and arrogant person.) Al-Waki` said, "It (` Ut ul) is every Jawwaz, Ja` zari and arrogant person.'' Bot h Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t his in t heir Two Sahihs, as well as t he rest of t he Group, except for Abu Dawud. All of it s rout es of t ransmission are by way of Sufyan At h-Thawri and Shu` bah who bot h report ed it from Sa` id bin Khalid. The scholars of Arabic language have said t hat Ja` zari means rude and harsh, while Jawwaz means greedy and st ingy. Concerning t he word Zanim, Al-Bukhari recorded from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said concerning t he Ayah,

び ユ∃ Β͡ルコ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ｙモわ⊥ ハ ⊥ぴ

(` Ut ul (cruel), and moreover Zanim.) "A man from t he Quraysh who st ands out among t hem like t he sheep t hat has had a piece of it s ear cut off.'' The meaning of t his is t hat he is famous for his evil j ust as a sheep t hat has a piece of it s ear cut off st ands out among it s sist er sheep. In t he Arabic language t he Zanim is a person who is adopt ed among a group of people (i.e., he is not t ruly of t hem). Ibn Jarir and ot hers among t he Imams have said t his. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

ゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡レよ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠ョ や∠ク ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ∠ぺぴ び ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ((He was so) because he had wealt h and children. When Our Ayat are recit ed t o him, he says: "Tales of t he men of old!'') Allah is saying, ` t his is how he responds t o t he favors t hat Allah has best owed upon him of wealt h and children, by disbelieving in Allah's Ayat and t urning away from t hem while claiming t hat t hey are a lie t hat has been t aken from t he t ales of t he ancient s.' This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ギΒ͡ェヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ル∇ケク∠ ぴ ｚユを⊥ - や⇔ギΒ͡ヰ∇ヨゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ れ ぁ ギｚヰョ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔キヲ⊥ヰセ ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡レよ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔キヱ⊥ギ∇ヨョｚ - や⇔ギΒ͡レハ ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ ラゅミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ - ギ∠ Α͡コぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇トΑ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ モ ∠ わ͡ ボ⊥ プ∠ - ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ムｚ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ - や⇔キヲ⊥バタ ∠ ヮ⊥ ボ⊥ ワ͡ ∇ケほ⊥シ ∠ ザ ∠ ら∠ ハ ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ ル∠ ｚユを⊥ - ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ モ ∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ ｚユを⊥ - ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ - ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ゲ∠ よ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ゲ∠ ジ ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ヤ∇タほ⊥シ ∠ - ゲ͡ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ - ゲ⊥ を∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ - ケ⊥ グ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ボ∇らゎ⊥ Ι ∠ - ゲ⊥ ボ∠ シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ - ゲ∠ ボ∠ シ ∠ び ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ハ ∠ る∠ バ∠ ∇ジゎ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ - ゲ͡ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ∇ヤャあ ∀る∠ェやｚヲ∠ャ (Leave Me alone (t o deal) wit h whom I creat ed lonely (wit hout any wealt h and children et c.). And t hen grant ed him resources in abundance. And children t o be by his side. And made life smoot h and comfort able for him. Aft er all t hat he desires t hat I should give more. Nay! Verily, he has been opposing Our Ayat . I shall oblige him t o face a severe t orment ! Verily, he t hought and plot t ed. So let him be cursed, how he plot t ed! And once more let him be cursed, how he plot t ed! Then he t hought . Then he frowned and he looked in a bad t empered way. Then he t urned back, and was proud. Then he said: "This is not hing but magic from t hat of old, t his is not hing but t he word of a human being!'' I will cast him int o Hellfire. And what will make you

know what Hellfire is It spares not (any sinner), nor does it leave (anyt hing unburned)! Burning and blackening t he skins! Over it are ninet een (angels as keepers of Hell).) ぴ74:11-30び Then Allah said here,

び ュ͡ ヲ⊥デ∇ゲガ ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ジ ͡ レ∠ シ ∠ぴ (We shall brand him on t he snout !) Ibn Jarir said, "We will make his mat t er clear and evident so t hat t hey will know him and he will not be hidden from t hem, j ust as t he branding mark on t he snout s (of animals).'' Ot hers have said,

び⊥ヮヨ⊥ ジ ͡ レ∠ シ ∠ぴ (We shall brand him) This is t he mark of t he people of t he Hell-fire; meaning, ` We will blacken his face on t he Day of Judgement ,' and t he face has been referred t o here as snout .

∇やヲ⊥ヨジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇クま͡ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ べ∠ル∇ヲヤ∠よ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ヲヤ∠よ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ フ ∠ ゅ∠トプ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥レ∇ん∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡エら͡ ∇ダョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ョ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ダΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ろエ ∠ ら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨも͡ べ∠ル ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∀ブ͡もべ∠デ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∇ビや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡エら͡ ∇ダョ⊥ ∇や∇ヱキ∠ ゅ∠レわ∠ プ∠ - ユ͡ Α͡ゲダ ｚ ャゅ∠ミ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ∠ト ∠ ルゅプ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ を͡ ∇ゲェ ∠ - ∀リΒ͡ム∇ジョあ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰレｚ ヤ∠カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わヘ∠ ⇒∠ガわ∠ Α∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ワ∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ケギ͡ ⇒∠ホ キ∃ ∇ゲェ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇や∇ヱギ∠ ビ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ト ⊥シ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョヱ⊥ゲ∇エョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇モよ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁャべ∠ツャ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エらあ ジ ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∇モホ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ホほ∠プ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠レよ∂ ケ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠レ∠ヤ∇Α∠ヲΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョヲ∠ ⇒∠ヤわ∠ Α∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べｚル͡ま べ∠ヰ∇レョ∂ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ゅ∠レャ∠ギ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡ピ⇒∠デ

り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡ ∇Ιや ゆ ⊥ や∠グ∠バ∠ャ∠ヱ ゆ ⊥ や∠グ∠バ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らビ ͡ ケ ゅ∠レよ∂ ケ∠ び-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ (17. Verily, We have t ried t hem as We t ried t he People of t he Garden, when t hey swore t o pluck t he fruit s in t he morning,) (18. Wit hout (saying: "If Allah wills.'')) (19. Then t here passed over it a Ta'if from your Lord while t hey were asleep.) (20. So by t he morning, it became like As-Sarim.) (21. Then t hey called out (one t o anot her as soon) as t he morning broke.) (22. Saying: "Go t o your t ilt h in t he morning, if you would pluck (t he fruit s).'') (23. So t hey depart ed, and t hey were whispering:) (24. "No poor person shall ent er upon you int o it t oday.'') (25. And t hey went in t he morning wit h Hard Qadirin.) (26. But when t hey saw it , t hey said: "Verily, we have gone ast ray.'') (27. "Nay! Indeed we are deprived!'') (28. The Awsat among t hem said; "Did I not t ell you, ` Why do you not Tusabbihun.''') (29. They said: "Glory t o Our Lord! Verily, we have been wrongdoers.'') (30. Then t hey t urned one against anot her, blaming.) (31. They said: "Woe t o us! Verily, we were Taghin.'') (32. "We hope t hat our Lord will give us in exchange bet t er t han it . Truly, we hope in our Lord.'') (33. Such is t he punishment , but t ruly, t he punishment of t he Hereaft er is great er if t hey but knew.)

A Parable of the Removal of the Earnings of the Disbelievers This is a parable t hat Allah made of t he behavior of t he Quraysh disbelievers wit h t he great mercy, and t remendous favors He grant ed t hem. The mercy and favor of sending of Muhammad t o t hem. But t hey met him wit h denial, rej ect ion and opposit ion. Therefore Allah says,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ヲヤ∠よ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We have t ried t hem) meaning, ` We have t est ed t hem.'

び͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ べ∠ル∇ヲヤ∠よ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠ミぴ (as We t ried t he People of t he Garden,) This refers t o a garden cont aining different t ypes of fruit s and veget at ion.

び∠リΒ͡エら͡ ∇ダョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ョ⊥ ͡ゲ∇ダ∠Β∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ヨジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ (when t hey swore t o pluck t he fruit s of t he (garden) in t he morning,) meaning, t hey vowed bet ween t hemselves during t he night t hat t hey would pluck t he fruit of t he garden in t he morning so t hat poor and t he beggars would not know what t hey were doing. In t his way t hey would be able t o keep it s fruit for t hemselves and not give any of it in charit y.

び ∠ラヲ⊥レ∇ん∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Wit hout (saying: "If Allah wills.'')) meaning t heir vow t hat t hey made. Therefore, Allah broke t heir vow. He t hen said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨも͡ べ∠ル ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リあョ ∀ブ͡もべ∠デ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ∠ ゅ∠トプ∠ ぴ (Then t here passed over it a Ta'if from your Lord while t hey were asleep. ) meaning, it was afflict ed wit h some heavenly dest ruct ion.

び ユ͡ Α͡ゲダ ｚ ャゅ∠ミ ∇ろエ ∠ ら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So by t he morning it became like As-Sarim.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "Like t he dark night .'' At h-Thawri and As-Suddi bot h said, "Like t he crop when it is harvest ed wit hered and dry.''

びリ ∠ Β͡エら͡ ∇ダョ⊥ ∇や∇ヱキ∠ ゅ∠レわ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then t hey called out (one t o anot her as soon) as t he morning broke.) meaning, when it was (early) morning t ime t hey called each ot her so t hat t hey could go t oget her t o pick t he harvest or cut it (it s fruit s). Then Allah said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ を͡ ∇ゲェ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∇ビや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ぴ ((Saying:) "Go t o your t ilt h in t he morning, if you would pluck (t he fruit s).'') meaning, ` if you want t o pluck your harvest fruit .'

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥わヘ∠ ⇒∠ガわ∠ Α∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ∠ト ∠ ルゅ∠プぴ (So t hey depart ed, and t hey were whispering:) meaning, t hey spoke privat ely about what t hey were doing so t hat no one could hear what t hey were saying. Then Allah, t he All-Knower of secret s and privat e discussions, explained what t hey were saying in privat e. He said,

ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰレｚ ヤ∠カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わヘ∠ ⇒∠ガわ∠ Α∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ∠ト ∠ ルゅ∠プぴ び ∀リΒ͡ム∇ジョあ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (So t hey depart ed, and t hey were whispering: "No poor person shall ent er upon you int o it t oday.'') meaning, some of t hem said t o ot hers, "Do not allow any poor person t o ent er upon you in it (t he garden) t oday.'' Allah t hen said,

び∃キ∇ゲェ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇や∇ヱギ∠ ビ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey went in t he morning wit h Hard) meaning, wit h st rengt h and power.

び∠リΑ͡ケギ͡ ⇒∠ホぴ

(Qadirin) meaning, t hey t hought t hey had power t o do what t hey claimed and what t hey were desiring.

びラ ∠ ヲぁャべ∠ツャ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ワ∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (But when t hey saw it , t hey said: "Verily, we have gone ast ray.'') meaning, when t hey arrived at it and came upon it , and it was in t he condit ion which Allah changed from t hat lust er, brilliance and abundance of fruit , t o being black, gloomy and void of any benefit . They believed t hat t hey had been mist aken in t he pat h t hey t ook in walking t o it . This is why t hey said,

び∠ラヲぁャべ∠ツャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, we have gone ast ray.) meaning, ` we have walked down a pat h ot her t han t he one we were seeking t o reach it .' This was said by Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers. Then t hey changed t heir minds and realized wit h cert aint y t hat it was act ually t he correct pat h. Then t hey said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョヱ⊥ゲ∇エョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay! Indeed we are deprived (of t he fruit s)!) meaning, ` nay, t his is it , but we have no port ion and no share (of harvest ).'

び∇ユヰ⊥ ト ⊥シ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ (The Awsat among t hem said,) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Ikrimah, Muhammad bin Ka` b, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Ad-Dahhak and Qat adah all said, "This means t he most j ust of t hem and t he best of t hem.''

び∠ラヲ⊥エあらジ ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∇モホ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Did I not t ell you, ` Why do you not Tusabbihun') Muj ahid, As-Suddi and Ibn Jurayj all said t hat ,

び∠ラヲ⊥エあらジ ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ (Why do you not Tusabbihun) t his means "why do you not say, ` If Allah wills''' As-Suddi said, "Their making except ion due t o t he will of Allah in t hat t ime was by glorifying Allah (Tasbih).'' Ibn Jarir said, "It is a person's saying, ` If Allah wills.''' It has also been said t hat it means t hat t he best of t hem said t o t hem, "Did I not t ell you, why don't you glorif y Allah and t hank Him for what He has given you and favored you wit h''

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠レよあ ケ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ

(They said: "Glory t o Our Lord! Verily, we have been wrongdoers.'') They became obedient when it was of no benefit t o t hem, and t hey were remorseful and confessed when it was not of any use. Then t hey said,

ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ホほ∠ヘ∠ レ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚルま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョヲ∠ ⇒∠ヤわ∠ Α∠ ("...Verily, we have been wrongdoers.'' Then t hey t urned one against anot her, blaming.) meaning, t hey st art ed blaming each ot her for what t hey had resolved t o do, prevent ing t he poor people from receiving t heir right of t he harvest ed fruit . Thus, t heir response t o each ot her was only t o confess t heir error and sin.

びリ ∠ Β͡ピ⇒∠デ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚル͡ま べ∠レ∠ヤ∇Α∠ヲΑ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ (They said: "Woe t o us! Verily, we were Taghin.'') meaning, ` we have t ransgressed, t respassed, violat ed and exceeded t he bounds unt il what t his happened t o us.'

ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ べｚル͡ま べ∠ヰ∇レョあ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ゅ∠レャ∠ギ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らビ ͡ ケ∠ (We hope t hat our Lord will give us in exchange bet t er t han it . Truly, we hope in our Lord.) It has been said, "They were hoping for somet hing bet t er in exchange in t his life.'' It has also been said, "They were hoping for it s reward in t he abode of t he Hereaft er.'' And Allah knows best . Some of t he Salaf ment ioned t hat t hese people were from Yemen. Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "They were from a village t hat was called Darawan which was six miles from San` a' (in Yemen). '' It has also been said, "They were from t he people of Et hiopia whose fat her had left t hem t his garden, and t hey were from t he People of t he Book. Their fat her used t o handle t he garden in a good way. What ever he reaped from it he would put it back int o t he garden as it needed, and he would save some of it as food for his dependant s for t he year, and he would give away t he excess in charit y. Then, when he died, and his children inherit ed t he garden t hey said, ` Verily, our fat her was foolish for giving some of t his garden's harvest t o t he poor. If we prevent t hem from it , t hen we will have more.' So when t hey made up t heir minds t o do t his t hey were punished wit h what was cont rary t o t heir plan. Allah t ook away all of what t hey possessed of wealt h, gain and charit y. Not hing remained for t hem.'' Allah t hen says,

び⊥ゆや∠グバ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Such is t he punishment ,) meaning, such is t he punishment of whoever opposes t he command of Allah, is st ingy wit h what Allah has given him and favored him wit h, wit hholds t he right of t he poor and needy, and responds t o Allah's blessings upon him wit h ungrat efulness (or disbelief).

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(but t ruly, t he punishment of t he Hereaft er is great er if t hey but knew.) meaning, t his is t he punishment in t his life, as you have heard, and t he punishment of t he Hereaft er is even harder.

モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イレ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡バレｚ ャや ろ ͡ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ∇エゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ - リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨャ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ∠ラヲ⊥シケ⊥ ∇ギ∠ゎ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ る∀ ピ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠よ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∀リ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲΒｚ ガ ∠ ゎ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヤシ ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠ャ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ラ͡ま ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠ミゲ∠ ゼ ⊥ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎほ∠Β∇ヤプ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ハ∠コ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ (34. Verily, for t hose who have Taqwa are Gardens of Delight wit h t heir Lord.) (35. Shall We t hen t reat t he Muslims like t he criminals) (36. What is t he mat t er wit h you How j udge you) (37. Or have you a Book wherein you learn,) (38. That you shall t herein have all t hat you choose) (39. Or have you oat hs from Us, last ing unt il t he Day of Judgement , t hat yours will be what you j udge) (40. Ask t hem, which of t hem will st and as suret y for t hat !) (41. Or have t hey "part ners'' Then let t hem bring t heir "part ners'' if t hey are t rut hful!)

Κ ∠ プ∠ キ͡ ヲ⊥イジ ぁ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ベ ∃ ゅ∠シ リ∠ハ ブ ⊥ ゼ ∠ ∇ムΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∀るャｚ͡ク ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ⊥ ワ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ る⇔ バ∠ ゼ ͡ ⇒∠カ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヴ͡ル∇ケグ∠ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠シ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ キ͡ ヲ⊥イジ ぁ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ギΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ⊥ ケ͡ ∇ギわ∠ ∇ジレ∠ シ ∠ ゑ ͡ Α͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ ゆ ⊥ あグム∠ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠∇ジゎ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ∀リΒ͡わョ∠ ン͡ギ∇Βミ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∇ョぺ⊥ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ょ ⊥ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ュぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ∠ ∇んョぁ ュ∃ ゲ∠ ∇ピョｚ リあョ ユ⊥ヰプ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ (42. The Day when t he Shin shall be laid bare and t hey shall be called t o prost rat e t hemselves, but t hey shall not be able t o do so.) (43. Their eyes will be cast down and ignominy will cover

t hem; t hey used t o be called t o prost rat e t hemselves, while t hey were.) (44. Then leave Me alone wit h whoever denies t his narrat ion. We shall punish t hem gradually from direct ions t hey perceive not .) (45. And I will grant t hem a respit e. Verily, My plan is st rong.) (46. Or is it t hat you ask t hem a wage, so t hat t hey are heavily burdened wit h debt ) (47. Or t hat t he Unseen is in t heir hands, so t hat t hey can writ e it down)

The Terror of the Day of Judgement Aft er Allah ment ions t hat t hose who have Taqwa, will have Gardens of Delight wit h t heir Lord, He explains when t his will be, and it s act ual occurrence. He says,

Κ ∠ プ∠ キ͡ ヲ⊥イジ ぁ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ベ ∃ ゅ∠シ リ∠ハ ブ ⊥ ゼ ∠ ∇ムΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (The Day when t he Shin shall be laid bare and t hey shall be called t o prost rat e t hemselves, but t hey shall not be able t o do so.) meaning, t he Day of Judgement and t he horrors, eart hquakes, t rials, t est s and great mat t ers t hat will occur during it . Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Sa` id AlKhudri said t hat he heard t he Prophet saying,

リ ∃ ョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ぁモミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ヮホ͡ ゅ∠シ ∇リハ ∠ ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ブ ⊥ ゼ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ » ￢⇔ ゅ∠Αケ͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ ギ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇らΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∃るレ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ボ∠ら∠デ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ヰニ ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥バΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ギイ ⊥ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ͡ ょ ⊥ ワ∠ ∇グΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⇔るバ∠ ∇ヨシ ⊥ ヱ∠ «や⇔ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ (Our Lord will reveal His Shin, and every believing male and female will prost rat e t o Him. The only people who will remain st anding are t hose who prost rat ed in t he worldly life only t o be seen and heard (showing off). This t ype of person will t ry t o prost rat e at t hat t ime, but his back will made t o be one st iff plat e (t he bone will not bend or flex).)'' This Hadit h was recorded in t he Two Sahihs and ot her books from different rout es of t ransmission wit h various wordings. It is a long Hadit h t hat is very popular. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∀るャｚク͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ⊥ ワ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ る⇔ バ∠ ゼ ͡ ⇒∠カぴ (Their eyes will be cast down and ignominy will cover t hem;) means, in t he final abode, due t o t heir crimes and arrogance in t he worldly life. Thus t hey will be punished wit h t he opposit e of what t hey did. When t hey were called t o prost rat e in t he worldly life, t hey refused t o do so even t hough t hey were healt hy and secure. Therefore, t hey will be punished wit h t he lack of abilit y t o do so in t he Hereaft er. When t he Almight y Lord makes Himself visible (before t he believers), t hen t he believers will fall down in prost rat ion t o Him, but no one of t he disbelievers and hypocrit es will be able t o prost rat e. rat her, t heir backs will become one plat e.

Everyt ime one of t hem at t empt s t o prost rat e, he will bow his neck but will not be able t o prost rat e. This is j ust like in t he life of t his world, when t hese people were in opposit ion t o what t he believers were doing.

For Whoever denies the Qur'an Then Allah says,

び͡ゑΑ͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ ゆ ⊥ あグム∠ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ͡ル∇ケグ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then leave Me alone wit h such as belie t his narrat ion.) meaning, t he Qur'an. This is a sever t hreat which means, ` leave Me alone wit h t his person; I know about him and how I will gradually punish him and increase him in his falsehood. I am giving him respit e for a while, t hen I will seize him wit h a might y and powerful punishment .' Thus, Allah says,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ヰィ ⊥ ケ͡ ∇ギわ∠ ∇ジレ∠ シ ∠ぴ (We shall punish t hem gradually from direct ions t hey perceive not .) meaning, and t hey will not even be aware of it . Rat her, t hey will believe t hat it is a noble blessing from Allah, but really t he same mat t er is act ually a form of humiliat ion (for t hem). This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

- リ ∠ Β͡レよ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∃ ゅｚョ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁギヨ͡ ル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ｚ モ∠よ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ネ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ジル⊥ (Do t hey t hink t hat in wealt h and children wit h which We expand t hem, We hast en unt o t hem wit h good t hings. Nay, but t hey perceive not .) (23:55,56) Allah also said,

あモミ⊥ ゆ ∠ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミあ ク⊥ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ェゲ͡ プ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジヤ͡∇らョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ (So, when t hey forgot t hat which t hey had been reminded, We opened for t hem t he gat es of everyt hing, unt il in t he midst of t heir enj oyment in t hat which t hey were given, all of a sudden, We punished t hem, and lo! They were plunged int o dest ruct ion wit h deep regret s and sorrows.) Therefore, Allah says here,

び ∀リΒ͡わョ∠ ン͡ギ∇Βミ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∇ョぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ

(And I will grant t hem a respit e. Verily, My plan is st rong.) meaning, ` I will delay t hem, give t hem respit e and ext end t heir t ime. Yet , t his is My plan, and My plot against t hem.' Thus, Allah says,

び∀リΒ͡わョ∠ ン͡ギ∇Βミ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, My plan is st rong.) meaning, ` great against whoever opposes My command, rej ect s My Messengers and dares t o disobey Me.' In t he Two Sahihs it is recorded from t he Messenger of Allah t hat he said,

∇ユャ∠ ロ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ユ͡ ャ͡ゅｚヌヤ͡ャ ヶ͡ヤ∇ヨΒ⊥ ャ∠ ヴャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» «ヮ∇わヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ (Verily Allah t he Exalt ed gives respit e t o t he wrongdoer unt il He seizes him and he will not be able t o escape Him.) Then he recit ed,

ラ ｚ ま͡ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ニ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや グ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ グ⊥ ∇カぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠セ ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ロ⊥ グ∠ ∇カぺ∠ (Such is t he punishment of your Lord when He seizes t he t owns while t hey are doing wrong. Verily, His punishment is painful (and) severe.) (11:102) In reference t o Allah's st at ement ,

∇ュぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ∠ ∇んョぁ ュ∃ ゲ∠ ∇ピョｚ リあョ ユ⊥ヰプ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠∇ジゎ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ょ ⊥ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ (Or is it t hat you ask t hem for a wage, so t hat t hey are heavily burdened wit h debt Or t hat t he Unseen is in t heir hands, so t hat t hey can writ e it down) t he explanat ion of t hese t wo Ayat prece- ded in Surat At -Tur. The meaning of it is, ` you, O Muhammad, call t hem t o Allah wit hout t aking any wages from t hem. rat her, you hope for t he reward wit h Allah. Yet , t hey rej ect t hat which you have brought t o t hem simply due t o ignorance, disbelief and obst inacy.'

れ ͡ ヲ⊥エ∇ャや ょ ͡ エ ͡ ⇒∠ダミ∠ リ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ͡ ∇ムエ ⊥ ャ͡ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プぴ び ∀ュヲ⊥ヌ∇ムョ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ン∠キゅ∠ル ∇クま͡

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢͡ へ∠ゲバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ グ∠ ら͡ レ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケｚ リあョ る∀ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ヮ⊥ ミ∠ ケ∠ や∠ギゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャｚぴ - リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠らわ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プ - ∀ュヲ⊥ョ∇グ∠ョ ゅｚヨャ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ボャ͡∇ゴΒ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キ⊥ ゅ∠ムΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ∀ラヲ⊥レ∇イヨ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ミグあ ャや ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ シ ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨャ∠ゅ∠バ∇ヤャあ ∀ゲ∇ミ͡ク (48. So, wait wit h pat ience for t he decision of your Lord, and be not like t he Companion of t he Fish when he cried out (t o Us) while he was Makzum.) (49. Had not a grace from his Lord reached him, he would indeed have been (left in t he st omach of t he fish, but We forgave him), so he was cast off on t he naked shore, while he was t o be blamed.) (50. Then his Lord chose him and made him of t he right eous.) (51. And verily, t hose who disbelieve would almost make you slip wit h t heir eyes (t hrough hat red) when t hey hear t he Reminder (t he Qur'an), and t hey say: "Verily, he is a madman!'') (52. But it is not hing else t han a Reminder t o all t he creat ures (` Alamin).)

The Command to be Patient and to refrain from being Hasty like Yunus was Allah says,

び∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プぴ (So wait wit h pat ience) ` O Muhammad, persevere against t he harm your people cause you and t heir rej ect ion. For verily, Allah will give you aut horit y over t hem, and make t he final vict ory for you and your followers in t his life and t he Hereaft er.'

び͡れヲ⊥エ∇ャや ょ ͡ エ ͡ ⇒∠ダミ∠ リ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and be not like t he Companion of t he Fish) meaning, Dhun-Nun, who was Yunus bin Mat t a, when he went off angry wit h his people. Various t hings happened t o him, such as riding on a ship at sea, being swallowed by a (large) fish, t he fish carrying him off int o t he ocean, being in t he darkness and dept h of t he sea and hearing t he sea's and it s dwellers glorificat ion of t he Most High, t he Most Able (Allah). For He (Allah) is t he One Whose execut ion of divine decree cannot be resist ed. Aft er all of t his, he (Yunus) called out from t he layers of darkness,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヴあルま͡ マ ∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ｚ ラ∠ぺぴ び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ("That none has t he right t o be worshipped but You (O Allah), Glorified (and Exalt ed) are You! Truly, I have been of t he wrongdoers.'') (21:87) Then Allah said concerning him,

ヴ⇒͡イレ⊥ル マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ ユあ ピ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βイ ｚ ル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らイ ∠ わ∠ ∇シゅプ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや (So We answered his call, and delivered him from t he dist ress. And t hus We do deliver t he believers.) (21:88) Allah also says,

ヮ͡ レ͡ ∇トよ∠ ヴ͡プ ゑ ∠ ら͡ ヤ∠ャ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡エらあジ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ (Had he not been of t hem who glorify Allah, he would have indeed remained inside it s belly (t he fish) t ill t he Day when t hey are resurrect ed.) (37:143,144) So here (in t his Surah), Allah says,

び∀ュヲ⊥ヌ∇ムョ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ン∠キゅル∠ ∇クま͡ぴ (when he cried out (t o Us) while he was Makzum.) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and As-Suddi, all said, "while he was dist ressed.'' Then Allah goes on t o say,

びリ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠らわ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プぴ (Then his Lord chose him and made him of t he right eous.) Imam Ahmad recorded from ` Abdullah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

リ ͡ ∇よ ザ ∠ ル⊥ ヲ⊥Α ∇リョ͡ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ :メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ ヶ͡ピら∠ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ヴｚわョ∠ (It is not befit t ing for anyone t o say t hat I am bet t er t han Yunus bin Mat t a.) Al-Bukhari recorded t his Hadit h and it is in t he Two Sahihs report ed from Abu Hurayrah. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ボャ͡∇ゴΒ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キ⊥ ゅ∠ムΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, t hose who disbelieve would almost make you slip wit h t heir eyes) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and ot hers have said,

び∠マル∠ ヲ⊥ボャ͡∇ゴΒ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (would make you slip) "In order t o have some effect on you.''

び∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よほ∠よ͡ ぴ (wit h t heir eyes) meaning, ` t hey will affect you by looking at you wit h t heir eyes (i.e., t he evil eye).' This means ` t hey are j ealous of you due t o t heir hat red of you, and were it not for Allah's prot ect ion of you, defending you against t hem (t hen t heir evil eye would harm you).'

The Effect of the Evil Eye is Real t his Ayah is a proof t hat t he effect of t he evil eye and it s afflict ion by t he command of Allah is real. Many Hadit hs have been report ed concerning t his t hrough numerous rout es of t ransmission. The Hadit h of Buraydah bin Al-Husayb Abu ` Abdullah bin Maj ah recorded from Buraydah bin Al-Husayb t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«る∠ヨェ ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∃ ∇Βハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅｚャま͡ る∠ Β∠ ∇ホケ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» (There is no Ruqyah except t o cure t he evil eye and t he st ing.) This is how Ibn Maj ah recorded t his Hadit h. Imam Muslim also recorded t his Hadit h in his Sahih on t he aut horit y of Buraydah himself, but he did not at t ribut e it t o t he Prophet . There is a st ory concerning t his incident (as report ed by Buraydah in Sahih Muslim), and At -Tirmidhi recorded t he Hadit h in t his manner (like Muslim's version). This Hadit h has also been recorded by Imam Al-Bukhari, Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi on t he aut horit y of ` Imran bin Husayn, however, he did not at t ribut e it t o t he Prophet . ` Imran's wording is,

«る∠ヨェ ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∃ ∇Βハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅｚャま͡ る∠ Β∠ ∇ホケ⊥ ゅ∠ャ» (There is no Ruqyah except t o cure t he evil eye and t he st ing.)'' Muslim recorded in his Sahih from Ibn ` Abbas t hat t he Prophet said,

ろ ͡ ボ∠ ら∠ シ ∠ ケ∠ ギ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ペ ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠シ ∀￢∇ヶ∠セ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ペ ｘェ ∠ リ ⊥ ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャや» «やヲ⊥ヤジ ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤジ ͡ ∇ピわ⊥ ∇シや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ リ ⊥ ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャや

(The evil eye is real. If anyt hing were t o overt ake t he divine decree (and change it ), t hen it would be t he evil eye. And if you perform Ghusl (t o remove t he evil eye) t hen wash well.) Muslim was alone in recording t his Hadit h, as Al-Bukhari did not ment ion it . It is report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "The Messenger of Allah used t o invoke Allah's prot ect ion for Al-Hasan and Al-Husayn (his grandsons) by saying,

ラ ∃ ゅ∠ト∇Βセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ∇リョ͡ る͡ ョｚ ゅｚわャや ぶ ͡ や れ ͡ ゅ∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ヨミ⊥ グ⊥ Β͡ハぺ⊥» «るｚョゅ∠ャ リ ∃ ∇Βハ ∠ あモミ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ∩∃るョｚ ゅ∠ワヱ∠ (I seek prot ect ion for you t wo by t he perfect Words of Allah from every Shayt an, and dangerous creat ure, and from every eye t hat is evil.) Then he would say:

モ ∠ Β͡ハゅ∠ヨ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ベ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇シま͡ ク⊥ あヲバ∠ Α⊥ ユ⊥ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や∠グム∠ ワ∠ » «ュゅ∠ヤジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (Thus, did Ibrahim used t o seek prot ect ion for Ishaq and Isma` il (his sons).)'' This Hadit h was recorded by Al-Bukhari and t he Sunan compilers.

The Hadith of Abu Umamah As` ad bin Sahl bin Hunayf Ibn Maj ah recorded from Abu Umamah As` ad bin Sahl bin Hunayf t hat ` Amir bin Rabi` ah passed by Sahl bin Hunayf while he was bat hing and he said, "I haven't seen t he skin of a beaut iful virgin girl nicer t han t his t hat I see t oday (i.e., comment ing on how nice Sahl's skin was).'' So he did not leave before he (Sahl) fell down on t he ground. So he was brought t o t he Messenger of Allah and it was said t o him (t he Prophet ) t hat Sahl had been afflict ed by a seizure. The Prophet t hen said,

«∨͡ヮよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヰ͡ わｚ ゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ » (Who do you blame (or hold responsible) for t his) The people replied, ""Amir bin Rabi` ah.'' Then t he Prophet said,

∇リョ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ン∠ぺケ∠ や∠クま͡ ∨⊥ロゅ∠カぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ モ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ヤハ ∠» «る∠ミゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ネ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ イ ͡ ∇バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ (Would one of you knowingly kill his brot her If one of you sees somet hing of his brot her t hat he likes, t hen let him supplicat e for blessings for him.) Then t he Prophet called for some wat er and he commanded ` Amir t o perform Wudu' wit h t he wat er. So he washed his face, his hands up t o his t wo elbows, his t wo knees, and t he inside of his Izar. Then t he Prophet commanded him t o pour t he wat er over Sahl. Sufyan said t hat Ma` mar relat ed from Az-Zuhri t hat he said, "The Prophet ordered him t o t urn t he wat er pot over (empt y it s cont ent s over) him (Sahl) from

behind him.'' An-Nasa'i recorded t his Hadit h t hrough diff erent rout es from Abu Umamah wit h t he wording, "And he t urned t he pot over pouring it s cont ent s over him (Sahl) from behind him.''

The Hadith of Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri Ibn Maj ah recorded t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri said, "The Messenger of Allah used t o seek refuge from t he evil eye of t he Jinns and t he evil eye of humans. Then when t he Mu` awwidhat an were revealed, he used t hem (for seeking prot ect ion) and abandoned everyt hing else. This was recorded by At -Tirmidhi, and An-Nasa'i. At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan.''

Ahmad recorded from Abu Sa` id t hat Jibril came t o t he Prophet and said, "O Muhammad, are you suffering from any ailment '' The Prophet said,

«ユ∠バル∠ » (Yes).'' Then Jibril said,

ゲあ セ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ∩∠マΑ͡ク∇ぽΑ⊥ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ Β͡ホ∇ケぺ∠ ぶ ͡ や ユ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ» ぶ ͡ や ユ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ ∩∠マΒ͡ヘ∇ゼΑ∠ ぶ ⊥ や∠ヱ ∩∠マΒ͡レ∇ゼゎ∠ リ ∃ ∇Βハ ∠ ヱ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ あモミ⊥ «マΒ͡ホ∇ケぺ∠ ("In t he Name of Allah I pray over you for healing (Ruqyah), from everyt hing t hat bot hers you, from t he evil of every soul and every evil eye t hat hat es you, may Allah cure you, in t he Name of Allah I pray over you for healing.'') This Hadit h has been recorded by Muslim and t he Sunan compilers except for Abu Dawud. Imam Ahmad also recorded from Abu Sa` id or Jabir bin ` Abdullah t hat t he Messenger of Allah was bot hered by some illness, and Jibril came t o him and said,

あモミ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ∩∠マΑ͡ク∇ぽΑ⊥ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ Β͡ホ∇ケぺ∠ ぶ ͡ や ユ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ» «マΒ͡ヘ∇ゼΑ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ∩∃リ∇Βハ ∠ ヱ∠ ギ∃ シ ͡ ゅ∠ェ (In t he Name of Allah I pray over you for healing (Ruqyah), from everyt hing t hat bot hers you, from every envious person and evil eye, may Allah cure you.)

Another Hadith from Abu Sa` id Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Sa` id t hat Jibril came t o t he Prophet and said, "O Muhammad, are you suffering from any ailment '' The Prophet said,

«ユ∠バル∠ » (Yes).'' Then Jibril said,

ゲあ セ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ∩∠マΑ͡ク∇ぽΑ⊥ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ Β͡ホ∇ケぺ∠ ぶ ͡ や ユ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ» ぶ ͡ や ユ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ ∩∠マΒ͡ヘ∇ゼΑ∠ ぶ ⊥ や∠ヱ ∩∠マΒ͡レ∇ゼゎ∠ リ ∃ ∇Βハ ∠ ヱ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ あモミ⊥ «マΒ͡ホ∇ケぺ∠ ("In t he Name of Allah I pray over you for healing (Ruqyah), from everyt hing t hat bot hers you, from t he evil of every soul and every evil eye t hat hat es you, may Allah cure you, in t he Name of Allah I pray over you for healing.'') This Hadit h has been recorded by Muslim and t he Sunan compilers except for Abu Dawud. Imam Ahmad also recorded from Abu Sa` id or Jabir bin ` Abdullah t hat t he Messenger of Allah was bot hered by some illness, and Jibril came t o him and said,

あモミ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ∩∠マΑ͡ク∇ぽΑ⊥ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ Β͡ホ∇ケぺ∠ ぶ ͡ や ユ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ» «マΒ͡ヘ∇ゼΑ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ∩∃リ∇Βハ ∠ ヱ∠ ギ∃ シ ͡ ゅ∠ェ (In t he Name of Allah I pray over you for healing (Ruqyah), from everyt hing t hat bot hers you, from every envious person and evil eye, may Allah cure you.)

The Hadith of Asma' bint ` Umays Imam Ahmad recorded from ` Ubayd bin Rifa` ah Az-Zuraqi t hat Asma' said, "O Messenger of Allah! Verily, Bani Ja` far are afflict ed wit h t he evil eye; should I seek t o have Ruqyah '' The Prophet replied,

«リ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇わボ∠ ら∠ ジ ∠ ャ∠ ケ∠ ギ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ペ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ∀￢∇ヶセ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » (Yes, for if anyt hing could overcome t he divine decree, it would be t he evil eye.) This Hadit h has been recorded like t his by At -Tirmidhi, Ibn Maj ah, and An-Nasa'i. At -Tirmidhi said concerning it , "Hasan Sahih.''

The Hadith of ` A'ishah Ibn Maj ah recorded from ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, t hat t he Messenger of Allah ordered her t o have Ruqyah performed as a cure against t he evil eye. This was report ed by AlBukhari and Muslim. The Hadit h of Sahl bin Hunayf Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Umamah bin Sahl bin Hunayf t hat his fat her informed him t hat t he Messenger of Allah went out on a

j ourney in t he direct ion of Makkah and t hey (t he Companions) accompanied him unt il t hey came t o t he valley of Kharrar from Al-Juhfah. They st opped t here and Sahl t ook a bat h. He (Sahl) was a whit e man, wit h a handsome body and nice skin. So t he brot her of Bani ` Adi bin Ka` b, ` Amir bin Rabi` ah looked at Sahl while he bat hed and he said, "I haven't seen t he skin of a beaut iful virgin girl nicer t han t his t hat I see t oday.'' Then Sahl suddenly had a seizure and fell t o t he ground. So he (Sahl) was brought t o t he Messenger of Allah and it was said t o him, "O Messenger of Allah! Can you do anyt hing for Sahl By Allah, he has not lift ed his head nor has he regained consciousness.'' The Prophet t hen said,

«∨∃ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヰ͡ わｚ ゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ » (Do you all blame (or hold responsible) anyone for what has happened t o him) They said, "` Amir bin Rabi` ah looked at him.'' So t he Prophet called ` Amir and he was very angry wit h him. He said,

マ ∠ ら⊥ イ ͡ ∇バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ ゅｚヤワ∠ ∩⊥ロゅ∠カぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ モ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ヤハ ∠» «∨∠ろ∇ミゲｚ よ∠ (Would one of you knowingly kill his brot her Why don't you ask Allah t o bless your brot her when you see somet hing (of him) t hat you like) Then t he Prophet said,

«ヮ∠ャ ∇モジ ͡ わ∠ ∇ビや» (Bat he for him.) So he (` Amir) washed his face, his hands, his elbows, his knees, his feet and t he inside of his Izar (waist wrapper) in a drinking vessel. Then t hat wat er was poured over him (Sahl). A man poured it over Sahl's head and his back from behind him, t hen t he cont ainer was t urned upside down and empt ied behind him. This was done, and aft erwards Sahl recovered and left wit h t he people having not hing wrong wit h him.''

The Hadith of ` Amir bin Rabi` ah Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad t hat ` Ubaydullah bin ` Amir said, "` Amir bin Rabi` ah and Sahl bin Hanayf went off t oget her int ending t o bat he. So t hey went about t heir business using coverings (t o cover t heir nakedness). So ` Amir removed a cloak of wool t hat he (Sahl) was using t o conceal himself. He (` Amir) said, ` I looked at him and my eye fell upon him while he was pouring wat er on himself bat hing. Then I heard a loud splash in t he wat er coming from where he was. So I went t o him, and I called him t hree t imes, but he did not answer me. So I went t o t he Prophet and informed him. Then, t he Prophet came walking, and he was wading in t he wat er. I can st ill pict ure t he whit eness of his shins. When he came t o Sahl (who was unconscious), he hit him on his chest wit h his hand and said,

«ゅ∠ヰら∠ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワキ∠ ∇ゲよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワゲｚ ェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇フゲ͡ ∇タや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや» (O Allah! Remove from him it s heat , it s cold and it s pain.) He (Sahl) t hen st ood up, and Allah's Messenger said,

∇リョ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩͡ヮ͡ジ∇ヘ∠ル ∇リョ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩͡ヮΒ͡カぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ン∠ぺケ∠ や∠クま͡» «ペ∠ェ リ ∠ ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ポゲあ ら∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ∩⊥ヮら⊥ イ ͡ ∇バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ョ (If one of you sees in his brot her, or himself, or his wealt h t hat which pleases him, t hen he should ask Allah t o bless it , for verily, t he evil eye is real.)

The Accusation of the Disbelievers and the Reply to Them Allah says,

び∀ラヲ⊥レ∇イヨ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey say: "Verily, he is a madman!'') meaning, t hey cut at him wit h t heir eyes and at t ack him wit h t heir t ongues saying, "Verily, he is a madman.'' They say t his because he came wit h t he Qur'an. Allah t hen says,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨャ∠ゅ∠バ∇ヤャあ ∀ゲ∇ミ͡ク Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (But it is not hing else but a Reminder t o all t he creat ures (` Alamin).) This is t he end of t he explanat ion (Tafsir) of Surah Nun (or Al-Qalam), and all praise and blessing belong t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Haqqah (Chapter - 69) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

- る⊥ ｚホゅ∠エ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ - る⊥ ｚホべ∠エ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ - る⊥ ホｚ ゅ∠エ∇ャやぴ ∇やヲ⊥ムヤ͡∇ワほ⊥プ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ - る͡ ハ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀キゅ∠ハ∠ヱ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ∇ろよ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ゲ∃ タ ∠ ∇ゲタ ∠ ウ ∃ Α͡ゲよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ムヤ͡∇ワほ⊥プ∠ ∀キゅ∠ハ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ - る͡ Β∠ ビ ͡ ゅｚトャゅ͡よ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る∠ Β∠ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨを∠ ヱ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠Βャ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ - る∃ Β∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ハ

コ⊥ ゅ∠イ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ヴ∠ハ∇ゲタ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン∠ゲわ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ジェ ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ - る∃ Β∠ ホ͡ ゅ∠よ リあョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ - る∃ Α∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠カ モ ∃ ∇ガル∠ - る͡ ゃ∠ デ ͡ ゅ∠ガ∇ャゅ͡よ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ムヘ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ゅｚル͡ま - る⇔ Β∠ よ͡ やｚケ り⇔ グ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇や∇ヲダ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠バ∠ ∇イレ∠ ャ͡ - る͡ Α∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ゅ∠ピデ ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ び る∀ Β∠ ハ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ラク⊥ ぺ⊥ べ∠ヰΒ∠ バ͡ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ (1. Al-Haqqah!) (2. What is Al-Haqqah) (3. And what will make you know what Al-Haqqah is) (4. Thamud and ` Ad denied t he Qari` ah!) (5. As for Thamud, t hey were dest royed by t he Taghiyah!) (6. And as for ` Ad, t hey were dest royed by a wind, Sarsar ` At iyah!) (7. Which Allah imposed on t hem for seven night s and eight days Husum, so t hat you could see men lying t oppled, as if t hey were t runks of dat e palms, Khawiyah!) (8. Do you see any remnant s of t hem) (9. And Fir` awn, and t hose before him, and t he cit ies overt hrown commit t ed AlKhat i'ah.) (10. And t hey disobeyed t heir Lord's Messenger, so He seized t hem wit h a punishment t hat was Rabiyah.) (11. Verily, when t he wat er rose beyond it s limit s, We carried you in t he ship.) (12. That We might make it an admonit ion for you and t hat it might be ret ained by t he ret aining ears.)

Warning concerning the Greatness of the Day of Judgement -Haqqah is one of t he names of t he Day of Judgement , because during it t he promise and t he t hreat will inevit ably occur. Due t o t his, Allah has declared t he great ness of t his mat t er. So He says,

び る⊥ ｚホゅ∠エ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And what will make you know what Al-Haqqah is)

Mention of the Destruction of the Nations Then Allah ment ions t he dest ruct ion of t he nat ions t hat denied t he Resurrect ion. He says,

び る͡ Β∠ ビ ͡ ゅト ｚ ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ムヤ͡∇ワほ⊥プ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ (As for Thamud, t hey were dest royed by t he Taghiyah!) It is t he cry which will silence t hem, and t he quake t hat will silence t hem. Qat adah said similar t o t his when he said, "At -Taghiyah is

t he shout .'' Muj ahid said, "At -Taghiyah means t he sins.'' This was also said by Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and bin Zayd. They said t hat it means t ransgression. Aft er ment ioning t his, Ibn Zayd recit ed t he following Ayat as proof for his st at ement ,

び べ∠ワや∠ヲ∇ピト ∠ よ͡ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ∇ろよ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Thamud denied t hrough t heir t ransgression.) Then Allah says,

び∃ゲタ ∠ ∇ゲタ ∠ ウ ∃ Α͡ゲよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ムヤ͡∇ワほ⊥プ∠ ∀キゅ∠ハ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And as for ` Ad, t hey were dest royed by a wind Sarsar) meaning, a cold wind. Qat adah, AsSuddi, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and At h-Thawri all said about ,

び∃るΒ∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ハぴ (` At iyah) "This means severe blowing of t he wind.'' Qat adah said, "It blew fiercely upon t hem unt il it pierced t heir heart s.'' Ad-Dahhak said,

び∃ゲタ ∠ ∇ゲタ ∠ ぴ (Sarsar) "This means cold, and

び∃るΒ∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ハぴ (` At iyah) means, it blew fiercely upon t hem wit hout any mercy or blessing.'' ` Ali and ot hers said, "It blew fiercely upon t heir st ored harvest unt il it was brought out wort hless.''

び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ワ∠ゲガ ｚ ∠シぴ (Which Allah imposed on t hem) meaning, He made it overpower t hem.

び⇔ゅョヲ⊥ジェ ⊥ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る∠ Β∠ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨを∠ ヱ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠Βャ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ぴ (for seven night s and eight days Husum,) Husum means, complet e, successive and unfort unat ely evil. Ibn Mas` ud, Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, At h-Thawri and ot hers all said, "Husum means in succession.'' It has been report ed t hat ` Ikrimah and Ar-Rabi` bin Khut haym bot h said, "It means it was unfort unat ely evil upon t hem.'' This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び∃れゅ∠ジエ ͡ ルｚ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ヴ͡プぴ

(in days of calamit y) (41: 16) It has been said t hat it is t hat which people now call A` j az (apparent ly used t o mean evil devast at ion). It seems as t hough t he people t ook t his t erm from Allah's st at ement ,

モ ∃ ∇ガル∠ コ⊥ ゅ∠イ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ヴ∠ハ∇ゲタ ∠ ゅヰ∠ Β͡プ ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン∠ゲわ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∃るΑ∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠カ (so t hat you could see t he people lying t oppled, as if t hey were A` j az (t runks) of dat e palms, Khawiyah!) Ibn ` Abbas said about ,

び∃るΑ∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠カぴ (Khawiyah) "It means ruined.'' Ot hers besides him said, "It means dilapidat ed.'' This means t hat t he wind would cause one of t hem (palm t ree) t o hit t he ground, and it will fall down dead on his head. Then his head would shat t er and it would remain a lifeless corpse as if it were wit hout branches, mot ionless. It has been confirmed in t he Two Sahihs t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ケヲ⊥よギｚ ャゅ͡よ ∀キゅ∠ハ ∇ろム∠ ヤ͡∇ワぺ⊥ヱ∠ ゅ∠らダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ れ ⊥ ∇ゲダ ͡ ル⊥ » (I was helped by an east erly wind and t he people of ` Ad were dest royed by a west erly wind.)

び る∃ Β∠ ホ͡ ゅ∠よ リあョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Do you see any remnant s of t hem) meaning, ` do you find any one of t hem left or anyone who even at t ribut es himself t o being from t hem' Rat her t hey are all gone, right down t o t he last of t hem, and Allah did not make for t hem any successors. Then Allah says,

び⊥ヮヤ∠∇らホ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ (And Fir` awn and t hose before him commit t ed (sin)) This has been recit ed wit h a Kasrah under t he let t er Qaf (in t he word Qabalahu, as Qiblahu), which changes t he meaning t o t hose who were wit h him in his t ime, and t hey were his followers who were disbelieving Copt ic people. Ot hers recit ed it wit h a Fat hah over t he let t er Qaf (as t he word Qablahu), which means t hose nat ions before him who were similar t o him. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ろ⇒∠ムヘ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (t he overt hrown cit ies) t hose nat ions t hat rej ect ed t heir Messengers.

び͡るゃ∠ デ ͡ ゅ∠ガ∇ャゅ͡よぴ

(commit t ed Al-Khat i'ah.) Al-Khat i'ah means t heir rej ect ion of what Allah revealed. Ar-Rabi` said,

び͡るゃ∠ デ ͡ ゅ∠ガ∇ャゅ͡よぴ (commit t ed Al-Khat i'ah.) "This means disobedience.'' Muj ahid said, "They commit t ed errors.'' Thus, Allah says,

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇や∇ヲダ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ぴ (And t hey disobeyed t heir Lord's Messenger, ) meaning t hey were all of t he same t ype, t hey all denied t he Messenger of Allah who was sent t o t hem. As Allah says,

び͡ギΒ͡ハヱ∠ ペ ｚエ ∠ プ∠ モ ∠シ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ モ ｘ ミ⊥ ぴ (Everyone of t hem denied t he Messengers, so My t hreat t ook effect .) So whoever denies a Messenger, t hen verily, he denies all of t he Messengers. This is as Allah says,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ュ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ろよ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ぴ (The people of Nuh belied t he Messengers)

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∀キゅ∠ハ ∇ろよ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ぴ (` Ad belied t he Messengers.)

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ∇ろよ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Thamud belied t he Messengers.) However, only one Messenger came t o every nat ion. Thus, Allah says here,

び る⇔ Β∠ よ͡ やｚケ り⇔ グ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇や∇ヲダ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ぴ (And t hey disobeyed t heir Lord's Messenger, so He seized t hem wit h a punishment t hat was Rabiyah.) Rabiyah means, great , severe and painful. Muj ahid said, "Rabiyah means severe.'' AsSuddi said, "It means dest ruct ive.''

A Reminder about the Blessing of the Ship Then, Allah says,

び⊥￢べ∠ヨ∇ャや ゅ∠ピデ ∠ ゅｚヨ∠ャ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, when t he wat er rose beyond it s limit s,) meaning, it rose up over it s shores by t he leave of Allah and it overcame all t hat exist ed. Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers said, "The wat er rising beyond it s boundary means it increased abundant ly.'' This happened due t o t he supplicat ion of Nuh against his people when t hey denied him, opposed him and worshipped ot her t han Allah. Therefore, Allah answered his supplicat ion and t he people of t he eart h were covered wit h t he flood except for t hose who were wit h Nuh in t he ship. Thus, are humans all from t he loins of Nuh and his progeny. For t his reason Allah reminds humanit y of His blessing,

び る͡ Α∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ゅ∠ピデ ∠ ゅｚヨ∠ャ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, when t he wat er rose beyond it s limit s, We carried you in t he ship.) meaning, a ship running along upon t he surface of t he wat er.

び⇔りゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠バ∠ ∇イレ∠ ャ͡ぴ (That We might make it an admonit ion for you) The pronoun "it '' here refers t o t he species of t he obj ect (ships) due t o t he general meaning alluding t o t his. Thus, t he meaning is, ` We caused it s t ype of creat ion (ships) t o remain (in t he eart h) for you, so t hat you ride upon t he current s of t he wat er in t he seas. ' This is as Allah says,

∇やヱ⊥ヲわ∠ ∇ジわ∠ ヤ͡ル∠ ヲ⊥らミ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘ や∠ヱ マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αヲ∠ わ∠ ∇シや や∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ よあ ケ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ロ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (and has appoint ed for you ships and cat t le on which you ride; In order t hat you may mount on t heir backs, and t hen may remember t he favor of your Lord when you mount t hereon) (43:12,13) And Allah said,

ラ ͡ ヲ⊥エ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや マ ͡ ∇ヤヘ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ｚΑあケク⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ ∀る∠Αや∠￢∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らミ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇んョあ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ∠ヱ (And an Ayah for t hem is t hat We bore t heir offspring in t he laden ship. And We have creat ed for t hem of t he like t hereunt o, on which t hey ride.) (36:41,42) Qat adah said, "Allah caused t his ship t o remain unt il t he first people of t his Ummah saw it .'' However, t he first view (t hat it refers t o all ships in general) is t he most apparent . Allah cont inues saying,

び∀るΒ∠ ハ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ラク⊥ ぺ⊥ べ∠ヰΒ∠ バ͡ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and t hat it might be ret ained by t he ret aining ears.) meaning, t hat a recept ive ear may underst and and reflect upon t his bount y. Ibn ` Abbas said, "This means an ear t hat is ret ent ive and hearing.'' Qat adah said,

び∀るΒ∠ ハ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ラク⊥ ぺ⊥ぴ (by t he ret aining ears.) means, "An ear t hat Allah gives int elligence, so it benefit s by what it hears from Allah's Book.'' Ad-Dahhak said,

び∀るΒ∠ ハ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ラク⊥ ぺ⊥ べ∠ヰΒ∠ バ͡ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat it might be ret ained by t he ret aining ears.) (69:12) means, "An ear t hat hears it and ret ains it , meaning t he person who has sound hearing, and correct int ellect .'' And t his is general concerning everyone who underst ands and ret ains.

ろ ͡ ヤ∠ヨ͡ ェ ⊥ ヱ∠ - り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る∀ ガ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ケ͡ ヲぁダャや ヴ͡プ オ ∠ ヘ͡ ル⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ プ∠ - り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ミｚ キ∠ ゅ∠わミｚ ギ⊥ プ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ろ ͡ ボｚ ゼ ∠ ルや∠ヱ - る⊥ バ∠ ホ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや ろ ͡ バ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ス ∠ ∇ゲハ ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ べ∠ヰも͡ べ∠ィ∇ケぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ - る∀ Β∠ ワ͡ や∠ヱ Ι ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ∠ ∇バゎ⊥ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - る∀ Β∠ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨを∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ び ∀る∠Βプ͡ ゅ∠カ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ヴ∠ヘ∇ガゎ∠ (13. Then when t he Trumpet will be blown wit h one blowing.) (14. And t he eart h and t he mount ains shall be removed from t heir places, and crushed wit h a single crushing.) (15. Then on t hat Day shall t he Event occur.) (16. And t he heaven will be rent asunder, for t hat Day it will be frail and t orn up.) (17. And t he angels will be on it s sides, and eight angels will, t hat Day, bear t he Throne of your Lord above t hem.) (18. That Day shall you be brought t o Judgement , not a secret of you will be hidden.)

A Mention of the Horrors of the Day of Judgement Allah informs of t he horrors t hat will t ake place on t he Day of Judgement . The first of t hese event s is t he blowing of fright (int o t he Trumpet ), which will be followed by t he blowing of dest ruct ion when everyone in t he heavens and t he eart h will be st ruck down except whoever Allah wills. Then, aft er t his will be t he blowing of st anding before t he Lord of all t hat exist s, and t he resurrect ion, and t he gat hering. And t his is t hat blowing. It is emphasized here t hat it is one blowing, because t he command of Allah cannot be opposed or prevent ed, and it does not need t o be repeat ed or st ressed. Thus, Allah goes on t o say,

び り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ミｚ キ∠ ゅ∠わミｚ ギ⊥ プ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやろ ͡ ヤ∠ヨ͡ ェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he eart h and t he mount ains shall be removed from t heir places, and crushed wit h a single crushing.) meaning, t hey will be st ret ched out t o t he ext ent of t he surface (of t he eart h) and t he eart h will change int o somet hing else ot her t han t he eart h.

び る⊥ バ∠ ホ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや ろ ͡ バ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then on t hat Day shall t he Event occur.) meaning, t he Day of Judgement .

び る∀ Β∠ ワ͡ や∠ヱ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ろ ͡ ボｚ ゼ ∠ ルや∠ヱぴ (And t he heaven will be rent asunder, for t hat Day it will be frail and t orn up.) Ibn Jurayj said, "This is like Allah's st at ement ,

び ⇔ゅよ∠ヲ∇よ∠ぺ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ろ ͡ エ ∠ わ͡ プ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he heaven shall be opened, it will become as gat es.) (78:19) Ibn ` Abbas said, "It (t he sky) will be t orn apart and t he Throne will be near it .''

びべ∠ヰも͡ べ∠ィ∇ケぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And t he angels will be on it s sides,) The word Malak here is referring t o t he species of angels (all of t hem); meaning t he angels collect ively will be st anding on t he sides of t he heavens. ArRabi` bin Anas said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びべ∠ヰも͡ べ∠ィ∇ケぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And t he angels will be on it s sides,) "This means t hat t hey will be st anding on what has been ground t o powder of t he heavens looking at t he people of t he eart h.'

The Children of Adam being presented before Allah Concerning t he st at ement of Allah,

び る∀ Β∠ プ͡ ゅ∠カ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ヴ∠ヘ∇ガゎ∠ Ι ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ∠ ∇バゎ⊥ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (That Day shall you be brought t o Judgement , not a secret of you will be hidden.) meaning, ` you will all be present ed t o t he Knower of t he secret s and privat e counsels. He is t he One from Whom none of your affairs are hidden. He is t he Knower of all t hings apparent , secret and hidden.' This is t he reason t hat Allah says,

び∀るΒ∠ プ͡ ゅ∠カ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ヴ∠ヘ∇ガゎ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (not a secret of you will be hidden.) Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Musa t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩∃れゅ∠ッ∇ゲハ ∠ ゐ ∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや チ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ » ギ∠ ∇レバ͡ プ∠ る⊥ ん∠ ャ͡ゅｚんャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ゲΑ͡クゅ∠バョ∠ ヱ∠ ∀メや∠ギ͡イ∠プ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わッ ∠ ∇ゲハ ∠ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ∀グ͡カへ∠ヱ ヮ͡ レ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ ∀グ͡カべ∠プ ヵ͡ギ∇Αほ∠∇ャや ヶ͡プ ブ ⊥ エ ⊥ ぁダャや ゲ⊥ Β͡トゎ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ «ヮ͡ャゅヨ͡ゼよ͡ (The people will be exhibit ed t hree t imes on t he Day of Judgement . The first t wo present at ions will be (t heir) arguing and offering excuses. During t he t hird present at ion t he pages (records) will fly int o t heir hands. Some of t hem will receive t he records in t heir right hands and some will receive t hem in t heir left hands.) Ibn Maj ah and At -Tirmidhi bot h recorded t his Hadit h.

∇やぼ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホや ュ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ワ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ レ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ ヴ͡プ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ - ∇ヮΒ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ペ ∃ ⇒∠ヤョ⊥ ヴあルぺ∠ ろ ⊥ レ∠レニ ∠ ヴあルま͡ - ∇ヮΒ∠ ら⇒∠わミ͡ - る∀ Β∠ ル͡ や∠キ ゅ∠ヰプ⊥ ヲ⊥トホ⊥ - る∃ Β∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ハ る∃ レｚ ィ ∠ ヴ͡プ - る∃ Β∠ ッ ͡ やｚケ る∃ ゼ ∠ Β͡ハ る͡ Β∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ガ∇ャや ュ͡ ゅｚΑΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠∇シぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∠ Β͡レワ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ び (19. Then as for him who will be given his Record in his right hand will say: "Here! read my Record!'') (20. "Surely, I did believe t hat I shall meet my account !'') (21. So, he shall be in a life, well-pleasing.) (22. In a loft y Paradise,) (23. The fruit s in bunches whereof will be low and near at hand.) (24. Eat and drink at ease for t hat which you have sent on before you in days past !)

The Happiness of the Person Who will receive His Book in His Right Hand and His Good Situation Allah informs of t he happiness of t hose who receive t heir Book in t he right hand on t he Day of Judgement and being pleased wit h t his. Out of his ext reme pleasure is his saying t o everyone t hat he meet s,

び∇ヮΒ∠ ら⇒∠わミ͡ ∇やぼ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホや ュ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ワぴ (Here! read my Record!) meaning, ` t ake my Book and read it .' He will say t his because he knows t hat what is in it is good and purely virt uous deeds. He will be of t hose whom Allah replaced t heir bad deeds (evils) wit h good deeds. ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd said, "The meaning of

び∇ヮΒ∠ ら⇒∠わミ͡ ∇やぼ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホや ュ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠ワぴ (Here! read my Record!) is ` Here, read my Book.'... The suffix ` Um' is a grammat ical addit ion.'' This is what he (` Abdur-Rahman) said. It seems apparent t hat t he suffix ` Um' means here ` you all.' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Abdullah bin Hanzalah - and he (Hanzalah) was t he Companion who was washed by t he angels for his funeral - said, "Verily, Allah will st op His servant on t he Day of Judgement and He will make his sins appear on t he out side of his Book of Records. Then He will say t o him, ` Did you do t his' The servant will respond, ` Yes my Lord.' Then Allah will say t o him, ` I will not expose you (or dishonor you) for it , for verily, I have forgiven you. ' The person will t hen say, ` Here (you all) read my Book!'''

び ∇ヮΒ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ペ ∃ ⇒∠ヤョ⊥ ヴあルぺ∠ ろ ⊥ レ∠レニ ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ (Surely, I did believe t hat I shall meet my account !) This will be when he (t he servant of Allah) will be saved from being disgraced and exposed on t he Day of Judgement . In t he Sahih, it is recorded from Ibn ` Umar t hat he was asked about t he privat e counsel. He responded by saying t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

∩ゅ∠ヰヤあミ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ ロ⊥ ケ⊥ あゲボ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ギ∠ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや ぶ ⊥ や ヶ͡ル∇ギΑ⊥ » ヶあルま͡ :ヴャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ マ ∠ ヤ∠ワ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ン∠ぺケ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∩∠ュ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ビぺ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヶ͡プ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ⊥ ∇ゲわ∠ シ ∠ ゲ⊥ プ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ .ヮ͡ レ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠レジ ∠ェ ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヴ∠ト∇バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇セほ∠∇ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ペ ⊥ プ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る⊥ レ∠ ∇バャ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よグ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワぴ «び∠リΒ͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (Allah will bring t he servant close (t o Him) on t he Day of Judgement and make him confess all of his sins. This will cont inue unt il t he servant t hinks t hat he is about t o be dest royed. Then Allah will say, "Verily, I have concealed t hese sins for you in t he worldly life and I have forgiven

you for t hem t oday.'' Then he will be given his Book of good deeds in his right hand. However, about t he disbeliever and t he hypocrit e, t he wit nesses will say, ("These are t hose who lied on t heir Lord, and verily, t he curse of Allah is on t he wrongdoers.'')) Allah's st at ement ,

び ∇ヮΒ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ペ ∃ ⇒∠ヤョ⊥ ヴあルぺ∠ ろ ⊥ レ∠レニ ∠ ヴあル͡まぴ (Surely, I did believe t hat I shall meet my account !) means, ` I used t o be cert ain in t he worldly life t hat t his day would definit ely come.' This is as Allah says,

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ やヲ⊥ボ⇒∠ヤョぁ ユ⊥ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁレヌ ⊥ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ ((They are t hose) who are cert ain t hat t hey are going t o meet t heir Lord.) (2:46) Allah t hen says,

び る∃ Β∠ ッ ͡ やｚケ る∃ ゼ ∠ Β͡ハ ヴ͡プ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (So he shall be in a life, well-pleasing.) (69:21) meaning, pleasant .

び る∃ Β∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ハ る∃ レｚ ィ ∠ ヴ͡プぴ (In a loft y Paradise,) meaning, having elevat ed cast les, beaut iful wide-eyed maidens, pleasant st at ions and et ernal j oy. It has been conf irmed in t he Sahih t hat t he Prophet said,

ゅ∠ヨミ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ あモミ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ る∃ ィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ る⊥ も∠ ゅ͡ョ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» «チ∇ケ∠ほ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ (Verily, Paradise has one hundred levels and bet ween each level is a dist ance like t he dist ance bet ween t he eart h and t he sky.) Then Allah says,

び る∀ Β∠ ル͡ や∠キ ゅ∠ヰプ⊥ ヲ⊥トホ⊥ ぴ (The fruit s in bunches whereof will be low and near at hand.) Al-Bara' bin ` Azib said, "This means close enough for one of t hem (t he people of Paradise) t o reach t hem while he is lying on his bed.'' More t han one person has said t his. Then Allah says,

る͡ Β∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ガ∇ャや ュ͡ ゅｚΑΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠∇シぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∠ Β͡レワ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ぴ び

(Eat and drink at ease for t hat which you have sent on before you in days past !) meaning, t his will be said t o t hem as an invit at ion t o t hem of blessing, favor and goodness. For verily, it has been confirmed in t he Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや∠ヱ ∩やヲ⊥よケ͡ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ やヱ⊥キギあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハや» «るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ∇リャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ (Work deeds, st rive, seek t o draw near (t o Allah) and know t hat none of you will be admit ed int o Paradise because of his deeds.) They (t he Companions) said, "Not even you O Messenger of Allah'' He replied,

«モ∇ツプ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ やヶ ∠ ル͡ ギ∠ ヨｚ ピ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ » (Not even me, except if Allah covers me wit h mercy from Himself and grace. )

∇ユャ∠ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βヤ∠Α メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ゅヨ∠ ゼ ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ろ ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ ∇Βヤ∠Α - ∇ヮΒ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゅ∠ョ ケ͡ ∇キぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ - ∇ヮΒ∠ ら͡ ⇒∠わミ͡ れ ∠ ヱ⊥ぺ ヴあレハ ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠ワ∠ - ∇ヮΒ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ョ ヴあレハ ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ べ∠ョ - る∠ Β∠ ッ ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや ｚユを⊥ - ロ⊥ ヲぁヤタ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ｚユを⊥ - ロ⊥ ヲぁヤピ⊥ プ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ - ∇ヮΒ∠ レ͡ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ - ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ムヤ⊥∇シ∇ゅプ∠ ゅ⇔ハや∠ケク͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ∇らシ ∠ ゅヰ∠ ハ ⊥ ∇ケク∠ る∃ ヤ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヤシ ͡ ヴ͡プ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぁヂエ ⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ - ∀ユΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ゅ∠レヰ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ - リ ͡ Β͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ゅ∠バデ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ｚ - リ ∃ Β͡ヤ∇ジビ ͡ ∇リョ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∀ュゅ∠バデ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゃト ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや (25. But as for him who will be given his Record in his left hand, will say: "I wish t hat I had not been given my Record!'') h(26. "And t hat I had never known how my account is!'') (27. "Would t hat it had been my end!'') (28. "My wealt h has not availed me;'') (29. "My power has gone from me!'') (30. (It will be said): "Seize him and fet t er him;'') (31. "Then t hrow him in t he blazing Fire.'') (32. "Then fast en him on a chain whereof t he lengt h is sevent y cubit s!'') (33. Verily, he used not t o believe in Allah, t he Most Great ,) (34. And urged not t he feeding of t he poor.) (35.

So, no friend has he here t his Day,) (36. Nor any food except filt h from Ghislin.) (37. None will eat it except t he Khat i'un.)

The Bad Condition of Whoever is given His Record in His Left Hand These Ayat inform about t he condit ion of t he wret ched people when one of t hem is given his Record (of deeds) in his left hand when t he people are brought before Allah. At t his t ime he will be very remorseful.

∇ユャ∠ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βヤ∠Α メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ヨゼ ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ろ ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ ∇Βヤ∠Α - ∇ヮΒ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゅ∠ョ ケ͡ ∇キぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ - ∇ヮΒ∠ ら͡ ⇒∠わミ͡ れ ∠ ヱ⊥ぺ び る∠ Β∠ ッ ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや ((He) will say: "I wish t hat I had not been given my Record! And t hat I had never known how my account is! Would t hat it had been my end!...'') Ad-Dahhak said, "Meaning a deat h which is not followed by any life.'' Likewise said Muhammad bin Ka` b, Ar-Rabi` and As-Suddi. Qat adah said, "He will hope for deat h even t hough in t he worldly life it was t he most hat ed t hing t o him.''

び ∇ヮΒ∠ レ͡ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヴあレハ ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠ワ∠ - ∇ヮΒ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ョ ヴあレハ ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ べ∠ョぴ (My wealt h has not availed me; my power has gone from me.) means, ` my wealt h and my honor did not prot ect me from t he punishment of Allah and His t orment . Now t he mat t er has ended wit h me alone and I have no helper nor anyone t o save me.' At t his Allah says,

び ロ⊥ ヲぁヤタ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ｚユを⊥ - ロ⊥ ヲぁヤピ⊥ プ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ぴ (Seize him and fet t er him; t hen t hrow him in t he blazing Fire.) meaning, He will command t he guardians of Hell t o forcibly remove him from t he gat hering place, fet t er him - meaning put iron collars on his neck - t hen carry him off t o Hell and cast him int o it , meaning t hey will submerge him in it . Allah said,

び ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ムヤ⊥∇シ∇ゅプ∠ ゅ⇔ハや∠ケク͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ∇らシ ∠ ゅ∠ヰハ ⊥ ∇ケク∠ る∃ ヤ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヤシ ͡ ヴ͡プ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then fast en him on a chain whereof t he lengt h is sevent y cubit s!) Ka` b Al-Ahbar said, "Every ring of it will be equal t o t he ent ire amount of iron found in t his world.'' Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas and Ibn Jurayj bot h said, "Each cubit will be t he forearm's lengt h of an angel.'' Ibn Jurayj report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

び⊥ロヲ⊥ムヤ⊥∇シ∇ゅプ∠ ぴ

(Then fast en him) "It will be ent ered int o his but t ocks and pulled out of his mout h. Then t hey will be arranged on t his (chain) j ust like locust s are arranged on a st ick t hat is being roast ed.'' Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "It will be ran int o his behind unt il it is brought out of his t wo nost rils so he will not be able t o st and on his t wo feet .'' Imam Ahmad recorded from ` Abdullah bin ` Amr t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

る∃ ヨ∠ イ ⊥ ∇ヨィ ⊥ ヴャま ケゅセぺヱ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ る⇔ タ ∠ ゅ∠タケ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠» り⊥ ゲ∠ Β͡ジョ∠ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ろヤ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャや モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ろ ͡ ピ∠ ヤ∠ら∠ ャ∠ ∩∃るレ∠ シ ∠ る͡ も∠ ゅ͡ヨジ ͡ ∇ヨカ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇れケ∠ ゅ∠ジャ∠ る͡ ヤ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヤジ あ ャや サ ͡ ∇ぺケ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ろヤ∠シ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ∇バホ∠ ヒ∠ ヤ⊥∇らゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇Βヤｚャや ゅ⇔ヘΑ͡ゲカ ∠ «ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇タぺ∠ (If a drop of lead like t his - and he point ed t o a skull bone - were sent from t he heaven t o t he eart h, and it is a dist ance of five hundred years t ravel, it would reach t he eart h before night . And if it (t he same drop of lead) were sent from t he head of t he chain (of Hell), it would t ravel fort y fall seasons, night and day, before it would reach it s (Hell's) cavit y or base.) At -Tirmidhi also recorded t his Hadit h and he said, "This Hadit h is Hasan.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

ぁヂエ ⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ びリ ͡ Β͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (Verily, he used not t o believe in Allah, t he Most Great , and urged not on t he feeding of t he poor.) meaning, he did not est ablish t he right of Allah upon him, of obedience t o Him and performing His worship. He also did not benefit Allah's creat ion nor did he give t hem t heir right s. For verily, Allah has a right upon t he servant s t hat t hey worship Him alone and not associat e anyt hing wit h Him. The servant s of Allah also have a right upon each ot her t o good t reat ment and assist ance in right eousness and piet y. For t his reason, Allah commanded performance of t he prayer and t he payment of Zakah. When t he Prophet was (in his last moment s) near deat h he said,

«ユ⊥ムル⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ り∠ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや» (The prayer (As-Salah) and your right hand possessions (i.e., slaves).) Allah says,

∇リョ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∀ュゅ∠バデ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ゅ∠レヰ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゃト ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ Ι ｚ -リ ∃ Β͡ヤ∇ジビ ͡ (So no friend has he here t his Day. Nor any food except filt h from t he washing of wounds. None will eat it except t he Khat i'un.) meaning, t here is no one t oday who can save him from t he punishment of Allah, nor any close friend or int ercessor whose request would be honored. He will have no food here except for t he filt hy washing of wounds. Qat adah said, "It will be t he worst food of t he people of t he Hellfire.'' Ar-Rabi` and Ad-Dahhak bot h said, "It (Ghislin) is a t ree in Hell.'' Shabib bin Bishr report ed from ` Ikrimah t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, ` Ghislin will be t he blood and fluid t hat will flow from t heir flesh.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, ` Ghislin is t he pus of t he people of t he Hellfire.''

ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ダ∇らゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ゲ∃ ハ ͡ ゅ∠セ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ よ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ユ∃ Α͡ゲミ∠ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケ∠ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ リ ∃ ワ͡ ゅ∠ミ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ よ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ゅｚョ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケｚ リあョ ∀モΑ͡ゴレ∠ゎ (38. So, I swear by what soever you see,) (39. And by what soever you see not ,) (40. That t his is verily t he word of an honored Messenger.) (41. It is not t he word of a poet , lit t le is t hat you believe!) (42. Nor is it t he word of a soot hsayer, lit t le is t hat you remember!) (43. This is t he revelat ion sent down from t he Lord of all t hat exist s.)

The Qur'an is the Speech of Allah Allah swears by His creat ion, in which some of His signs can be seen in His creat ures. These also indicat e t he perfect ion of His Names and At t ribut es. He t hen swears by t he hidden t hings t hat t hey cannot see. This is an oat h swearing t hat t he Qur'an is His Speech, His inspirat ion and His revelat ion t o His servant and Messenger, whom He chose t o convey His Message, and t he Messenger carried out t his t rust fait hfully. So Allah says,

ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡ダ∇らゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ び ユ∃ Α͡ゲミ∠ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケ∠ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ∠ (So I swear by what soever you see, and by what soever you see not , t hat t his is verily t he word of an honored Messenger.) meaning, Muhammad . Allah gave t his descript ion t o him, a descript ion which carries t he meaning of conveying, because t he dut y of a messenger is t o convey from t he sender. Therefore, Allah gave t his descript ion t o t he angelic Messenger in Surat At -Takwir, where he said,

ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ク ギ∠ レ͡ハ り∃ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ン͡ク ユ∃ Α͡ゲミ∠ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケ∠ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ びリ ∃ Β͡ョぺ∠ ユｚ を∠ ノ∃ ⇒∠トョぁ リ ∃ Β͡ムョ∠ (Verily, t his is t he Word of (t his Qur'an brought by) a most honorable messenger. Owner of power (and high rank) wit h Allah, t he Lord of t he Throne. Obeyed and t rust wort hy.) (81:19-21) And here, it refers t o Jibril. Then Allah says,

びラ ∃ ヲ⊥レ∇イヨ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ら⊥ エ ͡ ⇒∠タ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and your companion is not a madman. ) (81:22) meaning, Muhammad .

び ͡リΒ͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ペ ͡ プ⊥ Ι ｙ ゅ͡よ ロ⊥ や∠￢ケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed he saw him in t he clear horizon.) (81:23) meaning, Muhammad saw Jibril in his t rue form in which Allah creat ed him.

びリ ∃ Β͡レツ ∠ よ͡ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And he is not Danin wit h t he Unseen.) (81:24) meaning, suspicious.

び ユ∃ Β͡ィケｚ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇Βセ ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ よ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And it (t he Qur'an) is not he word of t he out cast Shayt an.) (81:25) This is similar t o what is being said here.

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ゲ∃ ハ ͡ ゅ∠セ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ よ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミｚ グ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚョ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ リ ∃ ワ͡ ゅ∠ミ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ よ͡ (It is not t he word of a poet , lit t le is t hat you believe! Nor is it t he word of soot hsayer, lit t le is t hat you remember!) So in one inst ance Allah applies t he t erm messenger t o t he angelic Messenger and in anot her inst ance He applies it t o t he human Messenger (Muhammad ). This is because bot h of t hem are conveying from Allah t hat which has been ent rust ed t o t hem of Allah's revelat ion and Speech. Thus, Allah says,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケｚ リあョ ∀モΑ͡ゴレ∠ゎぴ (This is t he revelat ion sent down from t he Lord of all t hat exist s.)

ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠Ε ∠ -モ ͡ Α͡ヱゅ∠ホΙ ｘやヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ヲｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ゎヲ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇バト ∠ ボ∠ ャ∠ ｚユを⊥ - リ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ り∀ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グわ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ⇒∠ェ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ∇ジエ ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ョぁ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バレ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ ∇ウらあ ジ ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ Β͡ボΒ∠ ∇ャや ペ ぁエ ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや び ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや (44. And if he had forged a false saying concerning Us,) (45. We surely would have seized him by his right hand,) (46. And t hen We cert ainly would have cut off Al-Wat in from him,) (47. And none of you could have prevent ed it from him.) (48. And verily, t his is a Reminder for t hose who have Taqwa.) (49. And verily, We know t hat t here are some among you t hat deny.) (50. And indeed it will be an anguish for t he disbelievers. (51. And verily, it (t his Qur'an) is an absolut e t rut h wit h cert aint y.) (52. So, glorif y t he Name of your Lord, t he Most Great .)

If the Prophet forged anything against Allah, then Allah would punish Him Allah says,

びゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ヲｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And if he had forged a false saying concerning Us,) meaning, ` if Muhammad forged somet hing against Us, as t hey claim, and added or removed anyt hing from t he Message, or said anyt hing from himself while at t ribut ing it t o Us, t hen We would surely be swift in punishing him. And of course, Muhammad did not do any of t his (as t he disbelievers claimed).' Thus, Allah says,

びリ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠Ε ∠ぴ (We surely would have seized him by his right hand,) It has been said t hat t his means, ` We would seize him by t he right hand because it is more st ronger in grabbing.'

びリ ∠ Β͡ゎヲ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇バト ∠ ボ∠ ャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (And t hen We cert ainly would have cut off Al-Wat in from him,) Ibn ` Abbas said, "It (Al-Wat in) refers t o t he art ery of t he heart , and it is t he vein t hat is at t ached t o t he heart .'' This has also been said by ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hakim, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, Muslim Al-Bat in and

Abu Sakhr Humayd bin Ziyad. Muhammad bin Ka` b said, "It (Al-Wat in) is t he heart , it s blood, and what ever is near it .'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゴイ ͡ ⇒∠ェ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (And none of you could have prevent ed it from him.) means, ` none of you would be able t o come bet ween Us and him if We want ed t o do any of t his t o him.' The meaning behind all of t his is t o say t hat he (Muhammad ) is t rut hful, right eous and guided because Allah det ermined what he is t o convey from Him, and Allah helps him wit h fant ast ic miracles and definit e proofs. Then Allah says,

びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ り∀ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グわ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, t his (Qur'an) is a Reminder for t hose who have Taqwa.) meaning, t he Qur'an. This is j ust as Allah says,

Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ∠ヱ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ びヴ⇔ヨハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇ホ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ や∠クや∠￢ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ (Say: "It is for t hose who believe, a guide and a healing. And as for t hose who disbelieve, t here is heaviness (deafness) in t heir ears, and it (t he Qur'an) is blindness for t hem.'') Then Allah says,

びリ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ョぁ ユ⊥ムレ͡ョ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バレ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, We know t hat t here are some among you t hat deny (t his Qur'an). ) meaning, wit h t his explanat ion and clarificat ion, t here will st ill be among you t hose who rej ect t he Qur'an. Then Allah says,

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ∇ジエ ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed it (t his Qur'an) will be an anguish for t he disbelievers (on t he Day of Resurrect ion).) Ibn Jarir said, "And verily t his rej ect ion will be anguish for t he disbelievers on t he Day of Judgement .'' He (Ibn Jarir) also ment ioned a similar st at ement from Qat adah. It is possible t hat t he meaning of t he pronoun (it ) may also refer t o t he Qur'an, in which case t he verse would mean t hat t he Qur'an and belief in it are a cause of anguish for t he disbelievers. This is as Allah says,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヶ͡プ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ムヤ∠シ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ び͡ヮよ͡

(Thus have We caused it (t he denial of t he Qur'an) t o ent er t he heart s of t he criminals. They will not believe in it .) (26:200,201) And Allah said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ェヱ∠ ぴ (And a barrier will be set bet ween t hem and t hat which t hey desire) (34:54). Therefore, Allah says here,

びリ ͡ Β͡ボΒ∠ ∇ャや ペ ぁエ ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, it (t his Qur'an) is an absolut e t rut h wit h cert aint y.) meaning, t he right and t rut hful news in which t here is no doubt , suspicion or confusion. Then Allah says,

び ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ ∇ウらあ ジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So glorify t he Name of your Lord, t he Most Great .) meaning, He Who sent down t his magnificent Qur'an. This is t he end of t he explanat ion (Tafsir) of Surat Al-Haqqah. And t o Allah belong all praise and blessings.

The Tafsir of Surah Sa'ala Sa'il (Chapter - 70) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

∀ノ͡プや∠キ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャあ - ノ∃ ホ͡ や∠ヱ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ∀モ͡もべ∠シ メ ∠ ほ∠シ ∠ぴ ゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや∠ヱ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇バゎ∠ - ァ ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠バヨ∠ ∇ャや ヵ͡ク ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ - る∃ レ∠ シ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ロ⊥ ケ⊥ や∠ギ∇ボョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ロ⊥ や∠ゲル∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ギΒ͡バよ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ヨィ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇らタ ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プ び ゅ⇔らΑ͡ゲホ∠ (1. A quest ioner asked concerning a t orment about t o befall) (2. Upon t he disbelievers, which none can avert ,) (3. From Allah, t he Lord of t he ways of ascent .) (4. The angels and t he Ruh

ascend t o Him in a Day t he measure whereof is fift y t housand years.) (5. So be pat ient , wit h a good pat ience.) (6. Verily, t hey see it (t he t orment ) afar off.) (7. But We see it near.)

A Request to hasten the Day of Judgement

び ノ∃ ホ͡ や∠ヱ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ∀モ͡もべ∠シ メ ∠ ほ∠シ ∠ぴ (A quest ioner asked concerning a t orment about t o befall) This Ayah cont ains an assumed meaning t hat is alluded t o by t he let t er "Ba''. It is as t hough it is saying, a quest ioner request ed t o hast en on t he t orment t hat is about t o fall. It is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ロギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ブ ∠ ヤ͡∇ガΑ⊥ リ∠ャヱ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ͡イ∇バ∠わ∇ジ∠Α∠ヱぴ (And t hey ask you t o hast en on t he t orment ! And Allah fails not His promise.) (22:47) meaning, t hat it s t orment will occur and t here is no avoiding it . Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas concerning t he Ayah,

び ノ∃ ホ͡ や∠ヱ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ∀モ͡もべ∠シ メ ∠ ほ∠シ ∠ぴ (A quest ioner asked concerning a t orment about t o befall) "That is t he quest ioning of t he disbelievers about t he t orment of Allah and it will occur t o t hem.'' Ibn Abi Naj ih report ed from Muj ahid t hat he said concerning Allah's st at ement

び∀モも͡ べ∠シ メ ∠ ほ∠シ ∠ぴ (A quest ioner asked), "A person called out (request ing) for t he t orment t hat will occur in t he Hereaft er t o happen.'' Then he said, "This is t heir saying,

∇ゲト ͡ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ ポ ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ペ ｚエ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ び∃ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ∇もや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅ∠イェ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (O Allah! If t his is indeed t he t rut h from you, t hen rain down st ones on us from t he sky or bring on us a painful t orment .)'' (8:32) Allah's st at ement ,

び∠リΑ͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤヤ͡バ∃ ホ͡ や∠ヱぴ (about t o befall (Waqi` ) upon t he disbelievers,) means, it is wait ing in preparat ion for t he disbelievers. Ibn ` Abbas said, "Waqi` means coming.''

び∀ノプ͡ や∠キ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ

(which non can avert ) meaning, t here is no one who can repel it if Allah want s it t o happen. Thus, Allah says,

びァ ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠バヨ∠ ∇ャや ヵ͡ク ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ぴ (From Allah, t he Lord of t he ways of ascent (Al-Ma` arij ).)

The Tafsir of "Lord of the ways of ascent Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, "Lord of t he ways of ascent means loft iness and abundance.'' Muj ahid said, "Lord of t he ways of ascent means t he ways of ascension int o t he heavens.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや∠ヱ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ぴ (The angels and t he Ruh Ta` ruj u t o Him) ` Abdur-Razzaq report ed from Ma` mar from Qat adah t hat Ta` ruj u means t o ascend. In reference t o t he Ruh, Abu Salih said, "They are creat ures from t he creat ion of Allah t hat resemble humans but t hey are not humans.'' It could be t hat here it means Jibril, and t his is a way of connect ing t he specific t o t he general (ot her angels). It could also be referring t o t he name of t he souls (Arwah) of t he Children of Adam (humans). For verily, when t hey (t he human souls) are t aken at deat h, t hey are lift ed up t o t he heavens j ust as t he Hadit h of Al-Bara' proves.

The Meaning of "a Day the measure whereof is fifty thousand years Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∃るレ∠ シ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ロ⊥ ケ⊥ や∠ギ∇ボョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ͡プぴ (in a Day t he measure whereof is fift y t housand years.) This refers t o t he Day of Judgement . Ibn Abi Hat im recorded from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said concerning t he Ayah,

び∃るレ∠ シ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ロ⊥ ケ⊥ や∠ギ∇ボョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ͡プぴ (in a Day t he measure whereof is fift y t housand years.) "It is t he Day of Judgement .'' The chain of narrat ion of t his report (t o Ibn ` Abbas) is aut hent ic. At h-Thawri report ed from Simak bin Harb from ` Ikrimah t hat he said concerning t his verse, "It is t he Day of Judgement .'' Ad-Dahhak and Ibn Zayd bot h said t he same. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas concerning t he Ayah,

ロ⊥ ケ⊥ や∠ギ∇ボョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや∠ヱ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ぴ び る∃ レ∠ シ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ジ∇ヨカ ∠ (The angels and t he Ruh ascend t o Him in a Day t he measure whereof is fift y t housand years.) "It is t he Day of Judgement t hat Allah has made t o be t he measure of fift y t housand years for t he disbelievers. '' Many Hadit hs have been report ed wit h t his same meaning. Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu ` Umar Al-Ghudani t hat he said, "I was wit h Abu Hurayrah when a man from Bani ` Amir bin Sa` sa` ah passed and it was said: ` This man is t he wealt hiest man of Bani ` Amir.' So Abu Hurayrah said, ` Bring him back t o me.' So t hey brought t he man back t o Abu Hurayrah. Then Abu Hurayrah said, ` I have been informed t hat you are a man of great wealt h.' The man from Bani ` Amir replied, ` Yes, by Allah. I have one hundred red-colored camels, one hundred brown-colored camels...' and so on he count ed numerous colored camels, t he races of t he slaves and t he t ypes of fet t ers for his horses t hat he owned. So Abu Hurayrah said, ` Beware of t he hooves of t he camels and t he cloven hooves of t he cat t le.' He cont inued repeat ing t hat t o him unt il t he color of t he man began t o change. Then t he man said, ` O Abu Hurayrah what is t his' Abu Hurayrah replied, ` I heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

ゅ∠ヰ͡ゎ∠ギ∇イ∠ル ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰボｚ ェ ∠ ヶ͡ト∇バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ モ ∀ よ͡ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ » «ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇シケ͡ ヱ∠ (Whoever has camels and does not give t heir due (Zakah) in t heir Naj dah and t heir Risl...) We int errupt ed saying, ` O Messenger of Allah! What is t heir Naj dah and Risl' He said,

る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ͡み∠プ ∩ゅ∠ワゲ͡ ∇ジΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワ͡ゲ∇ジハ ⊥ ヶ͡プ» ウ ⊥ト ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡ロゲ͡ セ ∠ へ∠ヱ ヮ͡ レ͡ ヨ∠ ∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ グあ ビ ∠ ほ∠ミ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ゎコ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰプ͡ ゅ∠ヘ∇カほ∠よ͡ ロ⊥ ぽ⊥ ト ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ゲ∃ ホ∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ネ ∃ ゅ∠ボよ͡ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ロ⊥ ケ⊥ や∠ギ∇ボョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ュ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ャヱ⊥ぺ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇れギ∠ Β͡ハぺ⊥ ゅ∠ワや∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ン∠ゲΒ∠ プ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ∠ツ∇ボΑ⊥ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∩∃るレ∠ シ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰボｚ ェ ∠ ヶ͡ト∇バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ゲ∀ ボ∠ よ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ .ヮ⊥ ヤ∠Β͡らシ ∠ ゅ∠ョ グあ ビ ∠ ほ∠ミ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ͡み∠プ ∩ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇シケ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ͡ ギ∠ ∇イル∠ ネ ∃ ゅ∠ボよ͡ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ウ ⊥ト ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ユｚ を⊥ ∩͡ロゲ͡ セ ∠ へ∠ヱ ヮ͡ レ͡ ヨ∠ ∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ

ぁモミ⊥ ヮ⊥ エ ⊥ト ∠ ∇レゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヘ͡ ∇ヤヌ ͡ よ͡ ブ ∃ ∇ヤニ ͡ れ ͡ や∠ク ぁモミ⊥ ロ⊥ ぽ⊥ ト ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ∩∃ゲホ∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ダ∇ボハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰル͡ ∇ゲボ∠ よ͡ ラ ∃ ∇ゲホ∠ れ ͡ や∠ク ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇れギ∠ Β͡ハぺ⊥ ゅ∠ワや∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇ゎコ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ∩⊥￢ゅ∠ら∇ツハ ∠ る∃ レ∠ シ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ロ⊥ ケ⊥ や∠ギ∇ボョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡プ ∩ゅ∠ワゅ∠ャヱ⊥ぺ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ .ヮ⊥ ヤ∠Β͡らシ ∠ ン∠ゲΒ∠ プ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ∠ツ∇ボΑ⊥ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ͡み∠プ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇シケ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡ゎ∠ギ∇イ∠ル ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰボｚ ェ ∠ ヶ͡ト∇バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ユ∀ レ∠ ビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ セ ∠ へ∠ヱ ヮ͡ レ͡ ヨ∠ ∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ グあ ビ ∠ ほ∠ミ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ ブ ∃ ∇ヤニ ͡ れ ͡ や∠ク ぁモミ⊥ ロ⊥ ぽ⊥ ト ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ゲ∃ ホ∠ ∇ゲホ∠ ネ ∃ ゅ∠ボよ͡ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ウ ∠ト ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰル͡ ∇ゲボ∠ よ͡ ラ ∃ ∇ゲホ∠ れ ͡ や∠ク ぁモミ⊥ ヮ⊥ エ ⊥ト ∠ ∇レゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヘ͡ ∇ヤヌ ͡ よ͡ ∇れギ∠ Β͡ハぺ⊥ ゅ∠ワや∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇ゎコ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ら∇ツハ ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ￢⊥ ゅ∠ダ∇ボハ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ロ⊥ ケ⊥ や∠ギ∇ボョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡プ ∩ゅ∠ワゅ∠ャヱ⊥ぺ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ «ヮ∠ヤΒ͡らシ ∠ ン∠ゲΒ∠ プ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ∠ツ∇ボΑ⊥ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∩∃るレ∠ シ ∠ (It is t heir difficult y and t heir ease, for verily, t hey will come on t he Day of Resurrect ion healt hier t han before. They will be more in number, fat t er and more lively and unruly. Then a soft , level plain will be spread out for t hem and t hey will t rample him wit h t heir hooves. When t he last of t hem has passed over him, t he first of t hem will ret urn t o t rample him again during a day whose measure will be fift y t housand years. This will cont inue unt il t he case of all t he people is decided bet ween t hem. Then he (t he wit hholder of Zakah) will see his pat h (i.e., eit her t o Paradise or Hell). If he had cows t hat he did not pay t he Zakah in t heir ease and t heir difficult t imes, t hen t hey will come on t he Day of Judgement healt hier t han t hey were before. They will be more in number, fat t er and more lively and unruly. Then a soft , level plain will be spread out for t hem and t hey will t rample him. Every one of t hem t hat has cloven hooves will t rample him wit h it s hooves, and every one of t hem t hat has a horn will but t him wit h it s horn. There will not be any hornless or bent horned animals among t hem. When t he last of t hem has passed over him, t he first of t hem will ret urn t o t rample him again during a day whose measure will be fift y t housand years. This will cont inue unt il t he case of all t he people is decided bet ween t hem. Then he (t he wit hholder of Zakah) will see his pat h (i.e., eit her t o Paradise or Hell). If he has any sheep t hat he does not pay t he due Zakah in t heir difficult y and t heir ease, t hen t hey will come on t he Day of Judgement healt hier t han t hey were before. They will be more (in number) fat t er and more lively and unruly. Then a soft , level plain will be spread out for t hem and t hey will t rample him. Every one of t hem t hat has a cloven hoof will t rample him

wit h it s hooves, and every one of t hem t hat has a horn will but t him wit h it s horn. There will not be any hornless or bent horned animals among t hem. When t he last of t hem has passed over him, t he first of t hem will ret urn t o t rample him again during a day whose measure will be fift y t housand years. This will cont inue unt il t he case of all t he people is decided bet ween t hem. Then he (t he wit hholder of Zakah) will see his pat h (i.e., eit her t o Paradise or Hell).) Then, t he man from Bani ` Amir said, ` What is t he due of t he camel, O Abu Hurayrah' Abu Hurayrah said, ` It is t hat you give (in your Zakah payment ) from your most valuable camels, t hat you lend a milking she-camel, t hat you lend your mount for riding, t hat you give t he milk (t o t he people) for drinking, and you lend t he male camel for breeding.''' This Hadit h was also recorded by Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i.

A Different Version of this Hadith Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

モ ∠ バ͡ ィ ⊥ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚボェ ∠ ヵあキぽ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャ ゴ∃ ∇レミ∠ ょ ͡ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ン∠ヲ∇ムわ⊥ プ∠ ∩∠ユレｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ル ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヨ∇エΑ⊥ ∩∠ウも͡ ゅ∠ヘタ ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ユ∠ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∩⊥ロゲ⊥ ∇ヰニ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ∇レィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇らィ ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ る∃ レ∠ シ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ロ⊥ ケ⊥ や∠ギ∇ボョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ュ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡プ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅｚョ͡ま ヮ⊥ ヤ∠Β͡らシ ∠ ン∠ゲΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠ラヱぁギバ⊥ ゎ∠ «ケゅｚレャや (There is not any owner of t reasure who does not pay it s due except t hat it will be made int o heat ed met al plat es and branded upon him in t he fire of Hell. His forehead, side and back will be scorched wit h t hese met al plat es. This will cont inue unt il Allah j udges bet ween His servant s on a Day whose measure is fift y t housand years of what you count . Then he will see his pat h, eit her t o Paradise or t o t he Fire.) Then he (Abu Hurayrah) ment ions t he rest of t he Hadit h about t he sheep and camels j ust as ment ioned before. In t his narrat ion (of Ahmad) t he Prophet also added,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀ゲ∇わシ ͡ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ゲ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∩∀ゲ∇ィぺ∠ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ゲ∠ ャ͡ :る∃ を∠ ゅ∠ヤん∠ ャ͡ モ ⊥ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや» «ケ∇コ͡ヱ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ (The horse is for t hree (on t he Day of Judgement ): for one man it is a reward, for anot her man it is a shield (prot ect ion), and upon anot her man it is a burden.) And t he Hadit h cont inues. Muslim also recorded t his Hadit h in it s ent iret y even t hough Al-Bukhari did not ment ion it . The int ent behind ment ioning t his here is t he Prophet 's st at ement ,

ロ⊥ ケ⊥ や∠ギ∇ボョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡プ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ユ∠ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠» «る∠レシ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ジ∇ヨカ ∠ (Unt il Allah j udges bet ween His servant s on a day whose measurement is fift y t housand years.)

Instructing the Prophet to have Patience Then Allah says,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヨィ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇らタ ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プぴ (So be pat ient , wit h a good pat ience.) meaning, ` be pat ient , O Muhammad, wit h your people's rej ect ion and t heir seeking t o hast en t he t orment since t hey t hink it will not occur.' Allah says in anot her Ayah,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゅ∠ヰよ͡ モ ⊥イ ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ぴ びぁペエ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ (Those who believe not t herein seek t o hast en it , while t hose believe are fearful of it , and know t hat it is t he very t rut h.) (42:18) Thus, Allah says,

び や⇔ギΒ͡バよ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hey see it (t he t orment ) afar off.) meaning, t he happening of t he t orment and t he est ablishment of t he Hour (Day of Judgement ). The disbelievers see t his as somet hing t hat is farfet ched. The word "Ba` id'' here means t hat which is impossible t o occur.

び ゅ⇔らΑ͡ゲホ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ゲル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (But We see it (quit e) near.) meaning, t he believers believe t hat it s occurrence is near, even t hough it s t ime of occurrence is unknown and no one knows when it will be except Allah. All of what is approaching t hen it is near and it will definit ely happen.

メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ - モ ͡ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ｚ ら∠ Α⊥ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヨェ ∠ モ ⊥ ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ͡ ∇ヰバ͡ ∇ャゅ∠ミ

- ヮ͡ Β͡レら∠ よ͡ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヵ͡ギわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ュ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや キぁ ヲ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ヮ͡ Α͡ヲ∇⇒ゎ⊥ ヴ͡わャｚや ヮ͡ わ͡ ヤ∠Β͡ダプ∠ ヱ∠ - ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ら∠ エ ͡ ⇒∠タヱ∠ - ヴ∠ヌャ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ - ヮ͡ Β͡イレ⊥Α ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ノ∠ ヨ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ - ヴｚャヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ よ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ - ン∠ヲゼ ｚ ヤあャ る⇔ ハ ∠ やｚゴル∠ び ヴ∠ハ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ (8. The Day t hat t he sky will be like t he Al-Muhl.) (9. And t he mount ains will be like ` Ihn.) (10. And no friend will ask a friend,) (11. Though t hey shall be made t o see one anot her, t he criminal would desire t o ransom himself from t he punishment of t hat Day by his children.) (12. And his wife and his brot her,) (13. And his Fasilah who shelt ered him,) (14. And all t hat are in t he eart h, so t hat it might save him.) (15. By no means! Verily, it will be t he fire of Hell,) (16. Nazza` ah t he Shawa!) (17. Calling (all) such as t urn t heir backs and t urn away t heir faces.) (18. And collect (wealt h) and hide it (from spending it in t he cause of Allah).)

Terrors of the Day of Judgement Allah says t hat t he t orment will befall t he disbelievers.

びモ ͡ ∇ヰヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day t hat t he sky will be like t he Al-Muhl.) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` At a, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Ikrimah, As-Suddi and ot hers have all said, "Like t he residue of oil.''

びリ ͡ ∇ヰバ͡ ∇ャゅ∠ミ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he mount ains will be like ` Ihn.) meaning, like fluffed wool. This was said by Muj ahid, Qat adah and As-Suddi. This Ayah is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

びス ͡ ヲ⊥ヘレ∠ヨ∇ャや リ ͡ ∇ヰバ͡ ∇ャゅ∠ミ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he mount ains will be like carded wool.) (101:5) Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲｚダら∠ Α⊥ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヨェ ∠ モ ⊥ ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And no friend will ask a friend, t hough t hey shall be made t o see one anot her.) Meaning, no close friend will ask his close friend about his condit ion while he sees him in t he worst of condit ions. He will be worried about himself and will not be able t o t hink of ot hers. Al-` Awfi

report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, "Some of t hem will know ot hers and t hey will be acquaint ed wit h each ot her. Then, t hey will flee from each ot her aft er t hat , as Allah says,

び ヮ͡ Β͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ ∀ラ∇ほ∠セ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや あモム⊥ ャ͡ぴ (Every man t hat Day will have enough t o make him careless of ot hers.)'' (80:37) This honorable Ayah is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

ン͡ゴ∇イΑ∠ Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇や∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇カや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ロ͡ ギ͡ ャ͡や∠ヱ リ∠ハ コ∃ ゅ∠ィ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∀キヲ⊥ャ∇ヲョ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ リ∠ハ ∀ギャ͡や∠ヱ びｘペェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ (O mankind! Have Taqwa of your Lord, and fear a Day when no fat her can avail aught for his son, and nor a son avail aught for his fat her. Verily t he promise of Allah is t rue.) (31:33) and He also says,

∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ヨェ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ る∀ ヤ∠ボ∠ ∇んョ⊥ ネ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ びヴ∠よ∇ゲホ⊥ や∠ク ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ (And if one heavily laden calls anot her t o (bear) his load, not hing of it will be lift ed even t hough he be near of kin.) (35:18) and He says,

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠ジル∠ぺ Κ ∠ プ∠ ケ͡ ヲぁダャや ヴ͡プ オ ∠ ヘ͡ ル⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジわ∠ Α∠ (Then, when t he Trumpet is blown, t here will be no kinship among t hem t hat Day, nor will t hey ask of one anot her.) (23:101) and similarly He says,

- ヮ͡ Β͡よぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ョあ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ - ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲぁ ヘ͡ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ ∀ラ∇ほ∠セ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや あモム⊥ ャ͡ - ヮ͡ Β͡レよ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ͡ ら∠ エ ͡ ⇒∠タヱ∠ び ヮ͡ Β͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ (That day shall a man flee fom his brot her, and from his mot her and his fat her, and from his wife and his children. Every man t hat Day will have enough t o make him careless of ot hers.) (80:34-37) Then Allah's saying here

ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヵ͡ギわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ュ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや キぁ ヲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ｚ ら∠ Α⊥ ぴ ヴ͡わャｚや ヮ͡ わ͡ ヤ∠Β͡ダプ∠ ヱ∠ - ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ら∠ エ ͡ ⇒∠タヱ∠ - ヮ͡ Β͡レら∠ よ͡ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ びｚΚミ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡イレ⊥Α ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ヮ͡ Α͡ヲ∇⇒ゎ⊥ (t he criminal would desire t o ransom himself from t he punishment of t he Day by his children, and his wife and his brot her, and his Fasilah (kindred) who shelt ered him, and all t hat are in t he eart h, so t hat it might save him. By no means!) means, no ransom will be accept ed from him even if he brought all of t he people of t he eart h (as ransom), and t he great est wealt h t hat he could find, even if it was enough gold t o fill t he ent ire eart h. Even t he child t hat he had who was dearer t o him t han t he last beat of his heart in t he life of t his world, he would wish t o use t he child as a ransom for himself against t he t orment of Allah on t he Day of Judgement when he sees t he horrors. However, even t his child would not be accept ed from him (as a ransom). Muj ahid and As-Suddi bot h said,

び͡ヮわ͡ ヤ∠Β͡ダプ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and his Fasilah) "This means his t ribe and his kin.'' ` Ikrimah said, "This means t he subdivision of his t ribe t hat he is from.'' Ashhab report ed from Malik t hat he said, "His Fasilah is his mot her.'' Allah said,

びヴ∠ヌャ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, it will be t he fire of Hell,) Here He is describing t he Hell- fire and t he severit y of it s heat .

び ン∠ヲゼ ｚ ヤあャ る⇔ ハ ∠ やｚゴル∠ ぴ (Nazza` ah t he Shawa!) Ibn ` Abbas and Muj ahid bot h said, "It is t he skin of t he head.'' Al-Hasan Al-Basri and Thabit Al-Bunani bot h said,

び ン∠ヲゼ ｚ ヤあャ る⇔ ハ ∠ やｚゴル∠ ぴ (Nazza` ah t he Shawa!) "This means respect able part s of t he face.'' Qat adah said,

び ン∠ヲゼ ｚ ヤあャ る⇔ ハ ∠ やｚゴル∠ ぴ (Nazza` ah t he Shawa!) "This means removing his import ant organs, and t he respect able part s of his face, his creat ion and his limbs.'' Ad-Dahhak said, "This means it will scrape t he flesh and t he skin off of t he bone unt il it leaves not hing of it remaining.'' Ibn Zayd said, "The Shawa is t he marrow of t he bones.'' As for,

び⇔るハ ∠ やｚゴル∠ ぴ (Nazza` ah) Ibn Zayd said, "It is cut t ing t heir bones and t ransformat ion of t heir skins and t heir form.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ヴ∠ハ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ ノ∠ ヨ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ - ヴｚャヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ よ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ぴ (Calling (all) such as t urn t heir backs and t urn away t heir faces. And collect and hide it .) meaning, t he Fire will call out t o it s children whom Allah creat ed for it , det ermining t hat t hey will perform t he deeds deserving of it in t he worldly life. So it will call t hem on t he Day of Judgement wit h an eloquent and art iculat e t ongue. Then it will pick t hem out from t he people of t he gat hering j ust as birds pick seeds. This is because t hey were, as Allah said, of t hose who t urned t heir backs and t urned away. This means t hey denied wit h t heir heart s and abandoned t he performance of deeds wit h t heir limbs.

び ヴ∠ハ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ ノ∠ ヨ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And collect and hide it .) meaning, he gat hered wealt h piling it up, and he concealed it , meaning he hid it and refused t o give t he obligat ory right of Allah t hat was due on it of spending and paying t he Zakah. It has been recorded in a Hadit h t hat t he Prophet said,

«マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やヶ ∠ハ ͡ ヲ⊥Βプ∠ ヶ͡ハヲ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ャ» (Do not hold back (your wealt h) or else Allah will hold back from you.)

ゲぁ ゼ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ｚジョ∠ や∠クま͡ - ゅ⇔ハヲ⊥ヤワ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ リ ∠ Βあヤダ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ - ゅ⇔ハヲ⊥レョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚジョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ハヱ⊥ゴィ ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨも͡ へ∠キ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ Κ ∠タ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ュ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇エヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ も͡ べｚジヤあャ - ∀ュヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ペ ｘェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョあ ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - リ ͡ Αあギャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホギあ ダ ∠ Α⊥ ラ ∃ ヲ⊥ョ∇ほョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョぁ ユ͡ヰよあ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠ェ ∇ユヰ͡ ィ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ョヲ⊥ヤョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヱぺ∠

∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キゅ∠バ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ￢∠ へ∠ケヱ∠ ヴ∠ピわ∠ ∇よや ユ͡ヰゎ͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハケ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヰハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠レ⇒∠ョΙ ６ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌプ͡ ゅ∠エΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ Κ ∠タ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨも͡ ゅ∠ホ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ∠ ∇ムョぁ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ (19. Verily, man was creat ed very impat ient ;) (20. Apprehensive when evil t ouches him;) (21. And suppressive when good t ouches him.) (22. Except t hose who are devot ed t o Salah.) (23. Those who wit h t heir Salah are Da'imun;) (24. And t hose in whose wealt h t here is a recognized right .) (25. For t he one who asks, and for t he deprived.) (26. And t hose who believe in t he Day of Recompense.) (27. And t hose who fear t he t orment of t heir Lord.) (28. Verily, t he t orment of t heir Lord is t hat before which none can feel secure.) (29. And t hose who guard t heir privat e part (chast it y).) (30. Except from t heir wives or t heir right hand possessions -- for (t hen) t hey are not blamewort hy.) (31. But whosoever seeks beyond t hat , t hen it is t hose who are t respassers.) (32. And t hose who keep t heir t rust s and covenant s.) (33. And t hose who st and firm in t heir t est imonies.) (34. And t hose who are wit h t heir Salah, Yuhafizun.) (35. Such shall dwell in t he Gardens, honored)

Man is Impatient Allah informs about man and his inclination to corrupt his behavior. Allah says,

び ゅ⇔ハヲ⊥ヤワ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, man was creat ed very impat ient ;) Then, Allah explains t his st at ement by saying,

び ゅ⇔ハヱ⊥ゴィ ∠ ゲぁ ゼ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ｚジョ∠ や∠クま͡ぴ (Apprehensive when evil t ouches him;) meaning, whenever any harm t ouches him he is fright ful, worried and complet ely t aken back due t o t he severit y of his t error and his despair t hat he will receive any good aft er it .

び ゅ⇔ハヲ⊥レョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚジョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And suppressive when good t ouches him.) meaning, if he at t ains any blessing from Allah, he is st ingy wit h it , not sharing it wit h ot hers. He will wit hhold t he right of Allah wit h t hat blessing. Imam Ahmad said t hat Abu ` Abdur-Rahman informed t hem t hat Musa bin ` Ali bin Rabah t old t hem t hat he heard his fat her narrat ing from ` Abdul-` Aziz bin Marwan bin Al-Hakim t hat he heard Abu Hurayrah saying, "The Messenger of Allah said,

«ノ͡ャゅ∠カ ∀リ∇らィ ⊥ ∠ヱ ∀ノ͡ャゅ∠ワ ウ ｘセ ⊥ :モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ゲぁ セ ∠» (The worst t hing t hat can be in a man is greedy impat ience and unrest rained cowardice.) Abu Dawud recorded t his Hadit h from ` Abdullah bin Al-Jarrah on t he aut horit y of Abu ` AbdurRahman Al-Muqri', and t his is t he only Hadit h t hrough ` Abdul-` Aziz wit h him.

The Exclusion of Those Who pray from what has preceded and an Explanation of Their Deeds and Their Prayer Then Allah says,

びリ ∠ Βあヤダ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except t hose who are devot ed t o Salah.) meaning, man is described wit h blamewort hy charact erist ics except for He whom Allah prot ect s, helps and guides t o good, making it s means easy for him -- and t hese are t hose people who perform Salah.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨも͡ へ∠キ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ Κ ∠タ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who wit h t heir Salah are Da'imun;) It has been said t hat t his means t hey guard it s t imes and t he element s obligat ory in it . This has been said by Ibn Mas` ud, Masruq and Ibrahim AnNakha` i. It has also been said t hat it means t ranquilit y and humble concent rat ion (in t he prayer). This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ Κ ∠タ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バゼ ͡ ⇒∠カ (Successful indeed are t he believers. Those who wit h t heir Salah are Khashi` un.) (23:1-2) This was said by ` Uqbah bin ` Amir. From it s meanings is t he same t erminology used t o describe st anding (st ill) wat er (Al-Ma' Ad-Da'im). This proves t he obligat ion of having t ranquilit y in t he prayer. For verily, t he one who does not have t ranquilit y (st illness of post ure) in his bowing and prost rat ing, t hen he is not being const ant (Da'im) in his prayer. This is because he is not being st ill in it and he does not remain (in it s posit ions), rat her he pecks in it (quickly) like t he pecking of t he crow. Therefore, he is not successful in performing his prayer. It has also been said t hat t he meaning here refers t o t hose who perform a deed and are const ant in it s performance and consist ent in it . This is like t he Hadit h t hat has been recorded in t he Sahih on t he aut horit y of ` A'ishah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«モ∠ホ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰョ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ャま͡ メ ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ハほ∠∇ャや ょ ぁ ェ ∠ ぺ∠» (The most beloved deeds t o Allah are t hose t hat are most consist ent , even if t hey are few.) Then Allah says,

モ ͡ も͡ べｚジヤあャ - ∀ュヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ペ ｘェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ び ュ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇エヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (And t hose in whose wealt h t here is a recognized right . For t he one who asks, and for t he deprived.) meaning, in t heir wealt h is a det ermined port ion for t hose who are in need. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ͡ Αあギャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホギあ ダ ∠ Α⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who believe in t he Day of Recompense.) meaning, t hey are sure of t he Final Ret urn (t o Allah), t he Reckoning and t he Recompense. Therefore, t hey perform t he deeds of one who hopes for t he reward and fears t he punishment . For t his reason Allah says,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇ゼョぁ ユ͡ヰよあ ケ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ワ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who fear t he t orment of t heir Lord. ) meaning, t hey are fearful and dreadful.

びラ ∃ ヲ⊥ョ∇ほョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he t orment of t heir Lord is t hat before which none can feel secure.) meaning, no one is safe from it (Allah's t orment ) of t hose who underst and t he command from Allah, except by t he securit y of Allah Himself. Then Allah says,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠ェ ∇ユヰ͡ ィ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who guard t heir privat e part (chast it y).) meaning, t hey keep t heir privat e part s away from t hat which is forbidden and t hey prevent t heir privat e part s from being put int o ot her t han what Allah has allowed t hem t o be in. This is why Allah says,

び∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except from t heir wives or t heir right hand possessions) meaning, from t heir female slaves.

∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ィ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ￢∠ へ∠ケヱ∠ ヴ∠ピわ∠ ∇よや リ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ョヲ⊥ヤョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥キゅ∠バ∇ャや

(for (t hen) t hey are not blamewort hy. But whosoever seeks beyond t hat , t hen it is t hose who are t respassers.) The explanat ion of t his has already preceded at t he beginning of Surat AlMu'minun, and t herefore does not need t o be repeat ed here. Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハケ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヰハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠レ⇒∠ョΙ ６ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who keep t heir t rust s and covenant s.) meaning, if t hey are given a t rust t hey do not deceit and when t hey make a covenant t hey do not break it . These are t he charact erist ics of t he believers which are opposit e of t he charact erist ics of t he hypocrit es. This is like what is report ed in t he aut hent ic Hadit h,

ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩∠ゆグ∠ ミ∠ ゐ ∠ ギｚ ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ :∀ゐゅ∠ヤ∠を ペ ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ Α∠ へ» «ラゅ∠カ リ ∠ ヨ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇ぼや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠ブヤ∠∇カぺ∠ (The signs of t he hypocrit es are t hree. When he speaks he lies, when he promises he breaks his promise, and when he is given a t rust he behaves t reacherously (wit h it ).) In anot her narrat ion it st at es,

ユ∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠カ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠ケギ∠ ビ ∠ ギ∠ ワ∠ ゅ∠ハ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩∠ゆグ∠ ミ∠ ゐ ∠ ギｚ ェ ∠ や∠クま͡» «ゲ∠イプ∠ (When he speaks he lies, when he makes a covenant he breaks it , and when he argues he is abusive.) Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨも͡ ゅ∠ホ ユ͡ヰゎ͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who st and firm in t heir t est imonies.) This means t hat t hey guard t heir t est imonies. They do not add or decrease from what t hey t est ify t o nor do t hey conceal t heir t est imonies. Allah says in anot her Ayah,

び⊥ヮら⊥ ∇ヤホ∠ ∀ユ͡をや∠￢ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (Who hides it , surely, his heart is sinful.) (2:283) Then Allah says,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌプ͡ ゅ∠エΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ Κ ∠タ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And t hose who are wit h t heir Salah, Yuhafizun.) meaning, t hey maint ain it s proper t imes, it s pillars, it s obligat ions and it s recommended act s. So Allah begins t his discussion (of t he believers' at t ribut es) wit h prayer and He concludes it wit h prayer. This proves t he import ance of it and t he praise of it s noble st at us, j ust as what preceded at t he beginning of Surat AlMu'minun. It is exact ly t he same discussion. This is why Allah says t here (in Al-Mu'minun),

サ ∠ ∇ヱキ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をゲ͡ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をケ͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ (These are indeed t he inherit ors. Who shall inherit t he Firdaws (Paradise). They shall dwell t herein forever.) (23:10-11) And He says here,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ∠ ∇ムョぁ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (Such shall dwell in t he Gardens, honored.) meaning, t hey will be honored wit h various t ypes of pleasures and delight s.

͡リΒ͡ヨ∠Β∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡バト ͡ ∇ヰョ⊥ マ ∠ ヤ∠ら∠ ホ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ͡ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや ぁモミ⊥ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇トΑ∠ ぺ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゴハ ͡ ͡メゅ∠ヨゼ あ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ゅｚヨョあ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚル͡ま Κ ｚ ミ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡バル∠ る∠ レｚ ィ ∠ モ ∠カ ∠ ∇ギΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ゅｚル͡ま ゆ ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ メ ∠ ギあ ら∠ ルぁ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケギ͡ ⇒∠ボャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボ⇒ヤ∠Α⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らバ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ガΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ホヲ⊥ら∇ジヨ∠ よ͡ リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツプ͡ ヲ⊥Α ょ ∃ ダ ⊥ ル⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ゅ⇔ハや∠ゲシ ͡ ゐ ͡ や∠ギ∇ィΙ ｘや ン͡グャｚや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∀るャｚ͡ク ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ⊥ ワ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ る⇔ バ∠ ゼ ͡ ⇒∠カ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ (36. So, what is t he mat t er wit h t hose disbelievers, before you Muht i` in) (37. On t he right and on t he left , ` Izin.) (38. Does every man of t hem hope t o ent er t he Paradise of Delight ) (39. But no! Verily, We have creat ed t hem out of t hat which t hey know!) (40. But no! I swear by t he Lord of t he east s and t he west s t hat surely We are Able) (41. To replace t hem by (ot hers) bet t er t han t hem; and We are not t o be out run.) (42. So, leave t hem t o plunge in vain t alk and play about , unt il t hey meet t heir Day which t hey are promised.) (43. The Day when t hey will come out of t he graves quickly as racing t o a Nusub,) (44. Wit h t heir eyes lowered in fear and humilit y, ignominy covering t hem (all over)! That is t he Day which t hey were promised!)

The Rebuke of the Disbelievers and the Threat against Them Allah rebukes t he disbelievers who, in t he t ime of t he Prophet , saw him and t he guidance Allah sent him wit h. They wit nessed t he magnificent miracles Allah aided him wit h. Then, aft er all of t his t hey fled from him and separat ed t hemselves from him. They fled right and left , group by group and part y by part y. This is as Allah says,

∀ゲヨ⊥ ェ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ - ∠リΒ͡ッ͡ゲ∇バョ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グわｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ び り∃ ケ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ジホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇れゲｚ プ∠ - り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ レ∠わ∇ジョぁ (Then what is wrong wit h t hem t hat t hey run away from admonit ion As if t hey were (fright ened) wild donkeys. Fleeing from a beast of prey.) (74:49-51) This is t he example of disbeliever. And t his Ayah is similar. As Allah says,

びリ ∠ Β͡バト ͡ ∇ヰョ⊥ マ ∠ ヤ∠ら∠ ホ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ͡ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (So what is t he mat t er wit h t hose disbelievers, before you Muht i` in) meaning, ` what is wrong wit h t hese disbelievers who are wit h you, O Muhammad Why are t hey Muht i` in, meaning hast ily running away from you' This is as Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "Muht i` in means depart ing.''

びリ ∠ Α͡ゴハ ͡ メ ͡ ゅ∠ヨゼ あ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ぴ (On t he right and on t he left , ` Izin.) The singular of ` Izin is ` Izah, which means separat ing. meaning in t heir separat ing and t heir differing. Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas about t he Ayah;

びリ ∠ Β͡バト ͡ ∇ヰョ⊥ マ ∠ ヤ∠ら∠ ホ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ͡ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (So what is t he mat t er wit h t hose disbelievers, before you Muht i` in.) "They are looking in your direct ion.'' Then t he Ayah;

びリ ∠ Α͡ゴハ ͡ ͡メゅ∠ヨゼ あ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ぴ (On t he right and on t he left , ` Izin.) he (Ibn ` Abbas) said, "Al-` Izin is a group among t he people. On t he right and on t he left means t hey are t urning away (right and left ) from him (t he Prophet ) and mocking him.'' Jabir bin Samurah narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah came out t o t hem while t hey were sit t ing in circles. So t he Messenger of Allah said,

«∨∠リΑ͡ゴハ ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ケぺ∠ ヶ͡ャ ゅ∠ョ»

(Why do I see you all ` Izin (in groups).) Ahmad, Muslim, Abu Dawud, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Jarir all recorded t his Hadit h. Then, concerning Allah's st at ement ,

ユ∃ Β͡バル∠ る∠ レｚ ィ ∠ モ ∠カ ∠ ∇ギΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや ぁモミ⊥ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇トΑ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びΚ ｚ ミ∠ (Does every man of t hem hope t o ent er t he Paradise of Delight But no!) meaning, is t his t heir wish, yet t hey flee from t he Messenger in aversion t o t he t rut h Are t hey hoping t hat t hey will be admit t ed int o t he Gardens of Delight Nay, rat her t heir abode is Hell. Then Allah affirms t he occurrence of t he Final Abode and t he t orment t hat will befall t hem t hat t hey are denying it s exist ence and claiming it t o be somet hing farfet ched. As a proof against t hem, Allah ment ions t he init iat ion of creat ion, and t hat repeat ing t he process is somet hing easier t han performing it t he first t ime. This is somet hing t hat t hey t hemselves confess t o. Allah says,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We have creat ed t hem out of t hat which t hey know!) meaning, from despised semen. This is as Allah says,

びリ ∃ Β͡ヰョｚ ￢∃ べｚョ リあョ ユぁムボ⊥ヤ∇ガル∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Did We not creat e you from a despised wat er (semen)) (77:20) Allah also says,

-ペ ∃ プ͡ や∠キ ￢∃ べｚョ リ͡ョ ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ -ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ ユｚ ョ͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゲ͡ ヌ ⊥ レ∠Β∇ヤプ∠ ぴ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ - ょ ͡ も͡ へ∠ゲわｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ∇ヤダ ぁ ャや リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ - ゲ⊥ も͡ へ∠ゲジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤ∇らゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ∀ケ͡キゅ∠ボ∠ャ ヮ͡ バ͡ ∇ィケ∠ び ゲ∃ タ ͡ ゅ∠ル Ι ∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ヲｚ ホ⊥ (So let man see from what he is creat ed! He is creat ed from a wat er gushing fort h. Proceeding from bet ween t he backbone and t he ribs. Verily He is able t o bring him back! The Day when all t he secret s will be examined. Then he will have no power, nor any helper.) (86:5-10) Then Allah says,

び͡ゆゲ͡ ⇒∠ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (But no! I swear by t he Lord of t he east s and t he west s) meaning, t he One Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h and made t he east and t he west . He is t he One Who subj ect ed t he st ars causing t hem t o appear in t he east ern part s of t he sky and vanish in t he west ern part s of it . The point of t his st at ement is t hat t he mat t er is not as t he disbelievers claim: t hat t here is no

final ret urn, no reckoning, no resurrect ion and no gat hering. Rat her all of t his will occur and come t o pass. There is no way of avoiding it . This is t he reason t hat Allah has st at ed a negat ion at t he beginning of t his oat h. This shows t hat He is swearing by a denial of t heir claim. This is a refut at ion of t heir false claim of rej ect ing t he Day of Judgement . They already wit nessed t he great ness of Allah's power in what is more convincing t han t he Day of Judgement , t hat is t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h, and t he subj ect ion of t he creat ures in t hem, t he animals, t he inanimat e obj ect s and t he ot her t ypes of creat ures t hat exist . This is why Allah says,

サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ⊥ ∇ヤガ ∠ ャ∠ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゲ∠ ん∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ リ ｚ ム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ (The creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h is indeed great er t han t he creat ion of mankind; yet , most of mankind know not .) (40:57) Allah also says,

れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ヴ ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ∃ キ͡ ゅ∠ボよ͡ リ ｚ ヰ͡ ボ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ よ͡ ヴ ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや (Do t hey not see t hat Allah, Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, and was not wearied by t heir creat ion, is able t o give life t o t he dead Yes, He surely is Able t o do all t hings.) (46:33) Allah says in anot her Ayah,

ケ∃ ギ͡ ⇒∠ボよ͡ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャ∠や ザ ∠ ∇Β⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ペ ⊥ ⇒ｚヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ユ⊥ヰヤ∠∇んョ͡ ペ ∠ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ びラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ リ⊥ミ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ (Is not He Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, able t o creat e t he like of t hem Yes, indeed! He is t he All-Knowing Supreme Creat or. Verily, His command, when He int ends a t hing, is only t hat He says t o it , "Be!''-- and it is!) (36:81,82) So here He says,

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケギ͡ ⇒∠ボャ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ゆ ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ メ ∠ ギあ ら∠ ルぁ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (But no! I swear by t he Lord of t he east s and t he west s t hat surely We are Able --t o replace t hem by (ot hers) bet t er t han t hem..) meaning, ` on t he Day of Judgement We will bring t hem

back (t o life) in bodies t hat are bet t er t han t hese bodies t hat t hey have now.' For verily, Allah's power is suit able (able) t o do t hat .

び∠リΒ͡ホヲ⊥ら∇ジヨ∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and We are not t o be out run.) meaning, ` We are not unable.' This is as Allah says,

ヴ∠ヤよ∠ - ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヌハ ͡ ノ∠ ヨ∠ ∇イルｚ リｚャぺ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ょ ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠レよ∠ ン ∠ ヲあ ジ ∠ ルぁ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ケギ͡ ⇒∠ホ (Does man t hink t hat We shall not assemble his bones Yes, We are able t o put t oget her in perfect order t he t ips of his fingers.) (75:3,4) Allah also says,

-リ ∠ Β͡ホヲ⊥ら∇ジヨ∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ケギｚ ホ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ぴ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ∠ ゼ ͡ レ⊥ルヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ん∇ョぺ∠ メ ∠ ギあ ら∠ ルぁ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ び (We have decreed deat h t o you all, and We are not out st ripped. To t ransfigure you and creat e you in (forms) t hat you know not .) (56:60,61) Ibn Jarir preferred t he meaning t o be: ` a nat ion who will obey Us and not disobey Us.' He (Ibn Jarir) int erpret ed it in t he same way as Allah's st at ement s,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ メ ∠ ギあ ら∠ ルぁ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (To replace t hem by (ot hers) bet t er t han t hem..) and:

Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇メギ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ￢⊥ へ∠ゲボ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ャやぴ び∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ (And if you t urn away, He will exchange you for some ot her people and t hey will not be like you.) (47:38) However, t he first int erpret at ion is more obvious since t he ot her Ayat support t hat , and Allah t he Most High knows best . Then Allah says,

び∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So leave t hem) meaning, ` O Muhammad!'

び∇やヲ⊥らバ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ガΑ∠ ぴ (t o plunge in vain t alk and play about ,) meaning, leave t hem in t heir denial, disbelief and obst inance.

び∠ラヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ン͡グャｚや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボ⇒∠ヤΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il t hey meet t heir Day which t hey are promised.) meaning, t hey are going t o know t he out come of t hat and t ast e it s evil consequences.

ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ゅ⇔ハや∠ゲシ ͡ ゐ ͡ や∠ギ∇ィΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツプ͡ ヲ⊥Α ょ ∃ ダ ⊥ ル⊥ (The Day when t hey will come out of t he graves quickly as racing t o a Nusub.) meaning, t hey will st and up out of t heir graves when t he Lord, Blessed be He t he Most High, calls t hem t o t he place of t he reckoning. They will rise up quickly as if t hey were rushing t owards some monument al obj ect . Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and Ad-Dahhak, all said, "As if t hey were rushing t owards a flag.'' Abu ` Aliyah and Yahya bin Abi Kat hir bot h said, "As if t hey were rushing t owards a goal.'' The maj orit y of recit ers recit ed t his word as "Nasb'' (inst ead of Nusub) wit h a Fat hah over t he let t er Nun and a Sukun over t he let t er Sad. This (Nasb) is a verbal noun meaning somet hing t hat is erect ed. Al-Hasan Al-Basri recit ed it as "Nusub'' wit h a Dammah over bot h t he let t er Nun and Sad. This (Nusub) means an idol. Wit h t his recit at ion t he Ayah means, as if t heir rushing t o t his place was like when t hey used t o hurry in t he worldly life t o t he idol when t hey saw it . They would rush hurriedly t o see who would be t he first of t hem t o t ouch it . This has been report ed from Muj ahid, Yahya bin Abi Kat hir, Muslim Al-Bat in, Qat adah, AdDahhak, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Abu Salih, ` Asim bin Bahdalah, Ibn Zayd and ot hers. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ る⇔ バ∠ ゼ ͡ ⇒∠カぴ (Wit h t heir eyes lowered in fear) meaning humbled.

び∀るャｚク͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ⊥ ワ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ぴ (covering t hem wit h humilit y.) meaning, in ret urn for how t hey behaved arrogant ly in t he worldly life by refusing t o be obedient (t o Allah).

び∠ラヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ン͡グャｚや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That is t he Day which t hey were promised!) This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surah Sa'ala Sa'il. And all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surah Nuh

(Chapter - 71) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ (In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

リ͡ョ マ ∠ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ケグ͡ ル∠ぺ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ル ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べｚルま͡ぴ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヴあルま͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ -ラ ͡ ヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲカ あ ぽ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ゲ⊥ ｚカぽ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ∠ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ (1. Verily, We sent Nuh t o his people (saying): "Warn your people before t here comes t o t hem a painful t orment .'') (2. He said: "O my people! Verily, I am a plain warner t o you,'') (3. "That you should worship Allah, and have Taqwa of Him, and obey me,'') (4. "He will forgive you of your sins and respit e you t o an appoint ed t erm. Verily, t he t erm of Allah when it comes, cannot be delayed, if you but know.'')

Nuh's Invitation to His People Allah says concerning Nuh t hat He sent him t o his people commanding him t o warn t hem of t he punishment of Allah before it befell t hem. He was t o t ell t hem t hat if t hey would repent and t urn t o Allah, t hen t he punishment would be lift ed from t hem. Due t o t his Allah says,

リ͡ョ マ ∠ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ケグ͡ ル∠ぺ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ル ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べｚルま͡ぴ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヴあルま͡ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ び ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ("Warn your people before t here comes t o t hem a painful t orment .'' He said: "O my people! Verily, I am a plain warner t o you.'') meaning, clarit y of t he warning, making t he mat t er apparent and clear.

び⊥ロヲ⊥ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ぴ

(That you should worship Allah, and have Taqwa of Him,) meaning, ` abandon t hose t hings t hat He has forbidden and avoid t hat which He has declared t o be sinful.'

び͡ラヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and obey me,) ` In t hat which I command you t o do and t hat which I forbid you from.'

び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ぴ (He will forgive you of your sins) meaning, ` if you do what I command you t o do and you believe in what I have been sent wit h t o you, t hen Allah will forgive you for your sins. '

びヴ６ヨジ ∠ ョぁ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲカ あ ぽ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and respit e you t o an appoint ed t erm.) meaning, ` He will ext end your life span and prot ect you from t he t orment t hat He would have made befall you if you did not st ay away from His prohibit ions.' This Ayah is used as proof by t hose who say t hat obedience (t o Allah), right eousness and maint aining t he family t ies t ruly increase t he life span of a person. This is like t hat which has been report ed in t he Hadit h,

«ゲ⊥ヨバ⊥ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ギ⊥ Α͡ゴゎ∠ ユ͡ ェ ͡ ゲｚ ャや る⊥ ヤ∠タ ͡ » (Maint aining t he family t ies increases t he life span.) Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ゲ⊥ ｚカぽ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ∠ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he t erm of Allah when it comes, cannot be delayed, if you but know.) means, hast en t o t he obedience (of Allah) before t he coming of His vengeance. For verily, if He commands t hat t o happen, it cannot be repulsed or prevent ed. For He is t he Great One Who compels everyt hing, and He is t he Almight y Whose might all of creat ion succumbs t o.

∇ユヤ∠プ∠ - や⇔ケゅ∠ヰル∠ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ ∇Βャ∠ ヴ͡ョ∇ヲホ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ヴあルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ヴあルま͡ヱ∠ - や⇔ケや∠ゲプ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ͡もべ∠ハキ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇キゴ͡ Α∠ ∇や∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ク∠ や∠￢ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ら͡ ⇒∠タぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ャ͡ ヴあルま͡ ｚユを⊥ - や⇔ケゅ∠ら∇ムわ͡ ∇シや ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ∇やヱぁゲタ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠Βを͡ れ ⊥ ∇ケゲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇レヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ｚユを⊥ - や⇔ゲ⇒∠ヰィ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲ͡ヘ∇ピ∠わ∇シや ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ - や⇔ケや∠ゲ∇シま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇キギ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ - や⇔ケや∠ケ∇ギョ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや モ ͡シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ - や⇔ケゅｚヘビ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ モ∠バ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ モ∠バ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レよ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∃ ヲ∠ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ケゅ∠ホヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚョ - や⇔ケゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ - や⇔ケや∠ヲ∇デぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ホゅ∠らデ ͡ れ ∃ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨシ ∠ - ゅ⇔ゎゅ∠らル∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ わ∠ ら∠ ル∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ - ゅ⇔ィや∠ゲシ ͡ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ - ゅ⇔ィや∠ゲ∇カま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ び ゅ⇔ィゅ∠イプ͡ Κ ⇔ ら⊥ シ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ムヤ⊥∇ジわ∠ ャあ - ゅ⇔デゅ∠ジよ͡ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ (5. He said: O my Lord! Verily, I have called t o my people night and day,) (6. But all my calling added not hing but t o (t heir) flight .) (7. And verily, every t ime I called unt o t hem t hat You might forgive t hem, t hey t hrust t heir fingers int o t heir ears, covered t hemselves up wit h t heir garment s, and persist ed, and magnified t hemselves in pride.) (8. Then verily, I called t o t hem openly (aloud).) (9. Then verily, I proclaimed t o t hem in public, and I have appealed t o t hem in privat e.) (10. I said (t o t hem): Ask forgiveness from your Lord, verily, He is Oft -Forgiving;) (11. He will send rain t o you Midrar,) (12. And give you increase in wealt h and children, and best ow on you gardens and best ow on you rivers.) (13. What is t he mat t er wit h you, t hat you do not hope for any Waqar from Allah) (14. While He has creat ed you (in) At war (st ages).) (15. See you not how Allah has creat ed t he seven heavens in t iers) (16. And has made t he moon a light t herein, and made t he sun a lamp) (17. And Allah has brought you fort h from t he (dust of) eart h) (18. Aft erwards He will ret urn you int o it (t he eart h), and bring you fort h.) (19. And Allah has made for you t he eart h a wide expanse.) (20. That you may go about t herein in broad roads.)

Nuh complains about his Encounter with His People Allah t ells about His servant and Messenger, Nuh, and t hat he complained t o his Lord about t he response he received from his people, and how he was pat ient wit h t hem for t his long period of t ime -- which was nine hundred and fift y years. He complained due t o his explaining and clarifying mat t ers for t hem and his calling t hem t o guidance and t he st raight est pat h. So he (Nuh) said,

び⇔やケゅ∠ヰル∠ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ ∇Βャ∠ ヴ͡ョ∇ヲホ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ヴあルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ

(O my Lord! Verily, I have called t o my people night and day,) meaning, ` I did not abandon calling t hem night and day, carrying out Your command and in obediance t o You.'

び や⇔ケや∠ゲプ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ͡もべ∠ハキ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇キゴ͡ Α∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (But all my calling added not hing but t o (t heir) flight .) meaning, ` t he more I called t hem t o come t o t he t rut h, t he more t hey fled from it and avoided it .'

∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ら͡ ⇒∠タぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ヴルあ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠Βを͡ ∇や∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ク∠ や∠￢ ヴ͡プ (And verily, every t ime I called unt o t hem t hat You might forgive t hem, t hey t hrust t heir fingers int o t heir ears, covered t hemselves up wit h t heir garment s,) meaning, ` t hey closed up t heir ears so t hat t hey could not hear what I was calling t hem t o.' This is similar t o what Allah said about t he disbelievers of t he Quraysh.

ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡∇ピゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇や∇ヲピ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (And t hose who disbelieve say: "List en not t o t his Qur'an, and make noise in t he midst of it s (recit at ion) t hat you may overcome.'') (41:26)

び∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠Βを͡ ∇や∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ (covered t hemselves up wit h t heir garment s,) Ibn Jarir recorded from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "They concealed t hemselves under false pret ences from him so t hat he would not recognize t hem.'' Sa` id bin Jubayr and As-Suddi bot h said, "They covered t heir heads so t hat t hey could not hear what he was saying.''

び∇やヱぁゲタ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and persist ed,) meaning, t hey cont inued in what t hey were upon of associat ing part ners wit h Allah and great disbelief.

び⇔やケゅ∠ら∇ムわ͡ ∇シや ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ (and magnified t hemselves in pride.) meaning, t hey were t urned away from following t he t rut h and submit t ing t o it .

び や⇔ゲ⇒∠ヰィ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ヴあルま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then verily, I called t o t hem openly.) meaning, openly among t he people.

び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇レヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then verily, I proclaimed t o t hem in public,) meaning, wit h open speech and a raised voice.

び⇔やケや∠ゲ∇シま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ケゲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and I have appealed t o t hem in privat e.) meaning, in discussions wit h t hem. So he t ried various t ypes of propagat ion t o be more effect ive wit h t hem.

What Nuh said when He called His People to Allah

び や⇔ケゅｚヘビ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (I said: Ask forgiveness from your Lord, verily, He is Oft -Forgiving;) meaning, ` ret urn t o Him and t urn away from what you are involved in. Repent t o Him soon, for verily, He is Most Accept ing of t he repent ance of t hose who t urn t o Him in repent ance. He will accept repent ance no mat t er what t he sin is, even if it is disbelief and polyt heism.' Thus, he said,

モ ͡シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ - や⇔ケゅｚヘビ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケや∠ケ∇ギョ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (I said: Ask forgiveness from your Lord, verily, He is Oft -Forgiving; He will send rain t o you Midrar,) meaning, cont inuous rain. Thus, it is recommended t o recit e t his Surah in t he prayer for rain due t o t his Ayah. This has been report ed from t he Commander of t he fait hful, ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab. He ascended t he Minbar t o perf orm t he prayer for rain, and he did not do more t han seeking Allah's forgiveness and recit ing t he Ayat t hat ment ion seeking Allah's forgiveness. Among t hese Ayat :

モ ͡シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ - や⇔ケゅｚヘビ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケや∠ケ∇ギョ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (I said: Ask forgiveness from your Lord, verily, He is Oft -Forgiving; He will send rain t o you Midrar, disbelievers of t he Quraysh. Qu ? s? ? ? ? A ? Nuh complains about his Encount er wit h His People Allah t ells about His servant and Messenger, Nuh, and t hat he complained t o his Lord about t he response he received from his people, and how he was pat ient wit h t hem for t his

long period of t ime -- which was nine hundred and fift y years. He complained due t o his explaining and clarifying mat t ers for t hem and his calling t hem t o guidance and t he st raight est pat h. So he (Nuh) said,

び⇔やケゅ∠ヰル∠ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ ∇Βャ∠ ヴ͡ョ∇ヲホ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ヴあルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぴ (O my Lord! Verily, I have called t o my people night and day,) meaning, ` I did not abandon calling t hem night and day, carrying out Your command and in obediance t o You.'

び や⇔ケや∠ゲプ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ͡もべ∠ハキ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇キゴ͡ Α∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (But all my calling added not hing but t o (t heir) flight .) meaning, ` t he more I called t hem t o come t o t he t rut h, t he more t hey fled from it and avoided it .'

∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ら͡ ⇒∠タぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ヴあルま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠Βを͡ ∇や∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ク∠ や∠￢ ヴ͡プ (And verily, every t ime I called unt o t hem t hat You might forgive t hem, t hey t hrust t heir fingers int o t heir ears, covered t hemselves up wit h t heir garment s,) meaning, ` t hey closed up t heir ears so t hat t hey could not hear what I was calling t hem t o.' This is similar t o what Allah said about t he disbelievers of t he Quraysh. n?A h complains about his Encount er wit h His People Allah t ells about His servant and Messenger, Nuh, and t hat he complained t o his Lord about t he response he received from his people, and how he was pat ient wit h t hem for t his long period of t ime -- which was nine hundred and fift y years. He complained due t o his explaining and clarifying mat t ers for t hem and his calling t hem t o guidance and t he st raight est pat h. So he (Nuh) said, NnA ? What Nuh said when He called His People t o Allah

び や⇔ケゅｚヘビ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (I said: Ask forgiveness from your Lord, verily, He is Oft -Forgiving;) meaning, ` ret urn t o Him and t urn away from what you are involved in. Repent t o Him soon, for verily, He is Most Accept ing of t he repent ance of t hose who t urn t o Him in repent ance. He will accept repent ance no mat t er what t he sin is, even if it is disbelief and polyt heism.' Thus, he said,

モ ͡シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ - や⇔ケゅｚヘビ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケや∠ケ∇ギョ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (I said: Ask forgiveness from your Lord, verily, He is Oft -Forgiving; He will send rain t o you Midrar,) meaning, cont inuous rain. Thus, it is recommended t o recit e t his Surah in t he prayer for rain due t o t his Ayah. This has been report ed from t he Commander of t he fait hful, ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab. He ascended t he Minbar t o perf orm t he prayer for rain, and he did not do more t han seeking Allah's forgiveness and recit ing t he Ayat t hat ment ion seeking Allah's forgiveness. Among t hese Ayat :

モ ͡シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ - や⇔ケゅｚヘビ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケや∠ケ∇ギョ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (I said: Ask forgiveness from your Lord, verily, He is Oft -Forgiving; He will send rain t o you Midrar,) Then he (` Umar) said, "Verily, I have sought rain wit h t he keys of t he sky which cause t he rain t o descend.'' Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers have said, "It (Midrar) means some of it (rain) following ot hers.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ モ∠バ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レよ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∃ ヲ∠ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇キギ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ モバ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ (And give you increase in wealt h and children, and best ow on you gardens and best ow on you rivers.) meaning, ` if you repent t o Allah, seek His forgiveness and obey Him, He will increase your provisions for you and provide you wit h wat er from t he blessings of t he sky. He will cause t he blessings of t he eart h and crops t o grow for you. He will increase your live st ock animals for you and give you more wealt h and children. This means t hat He will give you more wealt h, more children and gardens wit h various t ypes of fruit s. He will cause rivers t o flow among t hese gardens.' This is t he posit ion of t he invit at ion wit h encouragement . Then He made it balanced for t hem by using int imidat ion. He said,

び や⇔ケゅ∠ホヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚョぴ (What is t he mat t er wit h you, t hat you do not hope for any Waqar from Allah) meaning, great maj est y. This has been said by Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and Ad-Dahhak. Ibn ` Abbas said, "That you all do not magnify Allah in t he proper manner t hat He deserves t o be magnified. Meaning, you do not fear His punishment and His vengeance.''

び や⇔ケや∠ヲ∇デぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (While He has creat ed you (in) At war (st ages).) It has been said t hat t his means from a drop of sperm, t hen from a hanging clot , t hen from a lump of flesh. Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah, Qat adah, Yahya bin Rafi` , As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd, all said t his. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ゅ⇔ホゅ∠らデ ͡ れ ∃ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨシ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (See you not how Allah has creat ed t he seven heavens in t iers) meaning, one above anot her. Can t his be comprehended simply by hearing it only or is it of t he mat t ers t hat act ually can be perceived wit h t he senses which are known about t he movement s (of t he heavenly bodies) and t he eclipses. It is known t hat t hey (t he scholars) have many different opinions about t hese mat t ers t hat we will not discuss here. The only int ent here is t hat Allah

- ゅ⇔ホゅ∠らデ ͡ れ ∃ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨシ ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ び ゅ⇔ィや∠ゲシ ͡ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ (Allah has creat ed t he seven heavens in t iers and has made t he moon a light t herein, and made t he sun a lamp) meaning, He made a dist inct ion bet ween t hem (t he sun and moon) in reference t o t heir light ing. He made each one of t hem in a set manner wit h a dist inct qualit y so t hat t he night and day may be known. They (t he night and day) are known by t he rising and set t ing of t he sun. He also det ermined fixed st at ions and posit ions for t he moon, and He made it s light vary so t hat somet imes it increases unt il it reaches a maximum, t hen it begins t o decrease unt il it is complet ely veiled. This shows t he passing of mont hs and years. This is as Allah said,

や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢⇔ べ∠Βッ ͡ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ ゅ∠ョ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レジ あ ャや キ∠ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バわ∠ ャ͡ メ ∠ コ͡ ゅ∠レョ∠ ロ⊥ ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΓや モ ⊥ あダヘ∠ Α⊥ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α (It is He Who made t he sun a shining t hing and t he moon as a light and measured out for it s st ages t hat you might know t he number of years and t he reckoning. Allah did not creat e t his but in t rut h. He explains t he Ayat in det ail for people who have knowledge.) (10:5) Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ゅ⇔ゎゅ∠らル∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ わ∠ ら∠ ル∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah has brought you fort h from t he (dust of) eart h) This (Nabat ) is a verbal noun (for emphasis) and it s usage here is most excellent .

びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Aft erwards He will ret urn you int o it (t he eart h),) (71:18) meaning, when you die.

び⇔ゅィや∠ゲ∇カま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And bring you fort h.) meaning, on t he Day of Judgement He will repeat your creat ion j ust as He first originat ed you.

び ゅ⇔デゅ∠ジよ͡ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ

(And Allah has made for you t he eart h a wide expanse.) meaning, He spread it out , leveled it , set t led it , and st abilized it wit h firm and loft y mount ains.

び ゅ⇔ィゅ∠イプ͡ Κ ⇔ ら⊥ シ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ムヤ⊥∇ジ∠わャあぴ (That you may go about t herein in broad roads.) meaning, He creat ed it so t hat you may set t le in it and t ravel in it wherever you wish, from it s different sides, areas and regions. All of t his is from what Nuh informed t hem of concerning Allah's power and His great ness in creat ing t he heavens and t he eart h. It demost rat es t he favor t hat He did for t hem by making bot h heavenly benefit s and eart hly benefit s. For He is t he Creat or and t he Sust ainer Who made t he heaven as a building and t he eart h as a bed, and He enlarged His provisions for His creat ures. Therefore, He is t he One Who it is obligat ory t o worship, and accept as One God. No one should be associat ed wit h Him as a part ner, because He has no equal, peer, rival, coequal, mat e, son, minist er or advisor, rat her He is t he Most High, t he Most Great .

∇ユャｚ リ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱ ヴ͡ル∇ヲダ ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ゆ あ ケｚ ∀ゥヲ⊥ル メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ や⇔ゲ∇ムョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲム∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ケゅ∠ジカ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ョ ロ⊥ ∇キゴ͡ Α∠ や⇔キ∂ ヱ∠ ラ ｚ ケ⊥ グ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ∠ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ラ ｚ ケ⊥ グ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ - や⇔ケゅｚらミ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲ∇ジル∠ ヱ∠ ベ ∠ ヲ⊥バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゐ ∠ ヲ⊥ピΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ハや∠ヲシ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ びΙ ⇔Κ ∠ッ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや キ͡ ゴ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒん͡ ミ∠ ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ ぺ∠ (21. Nuh said: "My Lord! They have disobeyed me, and followed one whose wealt h and children give him no increase but loss.'') (22. "And t hey have plot t ed a might y plot .'') (23. "And t hey have said: ` You shall not leave your gods, nor shall you leave Wadd, nor Suwa` , nor Yaghut h, and Ya` uq and Nasr.' '') (24. "And indeed t hey have led many ast ray. And (O Allah): ` Grant no increase t o t he wrongdoers save error.''')

Nuh complains to His Lord about His People's Response Allah says t hat Nuh t urned t o Allah t o inform Allah - t he All Knowing from Whom not hing escapes - t hat he present ed t he clear call, as ment ioned previously, and t he comprehensive invit at ion in various ways. He called t hem somet imes by encouragement and somet imes by int imidat ing warnings. Yet , t hey disobeyed him, opposed him, denied him and followed t he children of t he world. They were t hose who were heedless of t he command of Allah and t hey possessed delight s of wealt h and children. However, t hese t hings (worldly benefit s) were also for gradual punishment and t emporary respit e, not for honor or blessing. Thus, Allah says,

び⇔やケゅ∠ジカ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ョ ロ⊥ ∇キゴ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ リ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚ や∠ヱぴ

(and followed one whose wealt h and children give him no increase but loss.) The meaning of Allah's st at ement ,

び や⇔ケゅｚらミ⊥ や⇔ゲ∇ムョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲ∠ム∠ョ∠ヱぴ (And t hey have plot t ed a might y plot .) is t hat t hey plot t ed a decept ive plot for t heir followers t ricking t hem int o believing t hat t hey were following t he t rut h and correct guidance. This is like what t hey will say t o t hem on t he Day of Judgement ,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ゲ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ムルｚ ラ∠ぺ べ∠レル∠ ヱゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ∇クま͡ ͡ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ゲ⊥ ∇ムョ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ び⇔やキや∠ギル∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ヱ∠ (Nay, but it was your plot t ing by night and day: when you orderd us t o disbelieve in Allah and set up rivals t o Him!) (34:33) For t his reason He says here,

The Idols of the People of Nuh and what happened to Him

∇ユム⊥ わ∠ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ラ ｚ ケ⊥ グ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ - や⇔ケゅｚらミ⊥ や⇔ゲ∇ムョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲ∠ム∠ョ∠ヱぴ ベ ∠ ヲ⊥バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゐ ∠ ヲ⊥ピΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ハや∠ヲシ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔キ∂ ヱ∠ ラ ｚ ケ⊥ グ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ び や⇔ゲ∇ジル∠ ヱ∠ (And t hey have plot t ed a might y plot . And t hey have said: ` You shall not leave your gods, nor shall you leave Wadd, nor Suwa` , nor Yaghut h, and Ya` uq and Nasr.') These are t he names of t heir idols which t hey used t o worship besides Allah. Al-Bukhari recorded from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "The idols t hat were among t he people of Nuh wound up among t he Arabs aft erwards. In reference t o Wadd, it became t he idol of t he people of Kalb in t he area of Dawmat AlJandal. Suwa` became t he idol of t he people of Hudhayl. Yaghut h became t he idol of t he people of Murad, t hen t he people of Bani Ghut ayf at Al-Juruf in t he area of Saba' worshipped it aft er t hem. Ya` uq became t he idol of t he people of Hamdan. Nasr became t he idol of t he people of Himyar for t he family of Dhu Kala` . These idols were all named aft er right eous men from t he people of Nuh. Then when t hese men died, Shayt an inspired his (Nuh's) people t o erect st at ues in honor of t hem at t heir gat hering places where t hey used t o come and sit , and t o name t hese st at ues aft er t hese men (wit h t heir names). So t hey did t his (as Shayt an suggest ed), but t hese st at ues were not worshipped unt il aft er t hose people (t he ones who built t hem) had died and t he knowledge was lost . Then, t hose st at ues were lat er worshipped.'' This has also been similarly report ed from ` Ikrimah, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah and Ibn Ishaq. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "These are st at ues t hat were worshipped in t he t ime of Nuh.'' Ibn Jarir recorded from Muhammad bin Qays t hat he said concerning Yaghut h, Ya` uq and Nasr, "They were right eous people bet ween t he t ime of Adam and Nuh, and t hey had followers who used t o adhere t o t heir guidance. Then, when t hey died, t heir companions who used t o follow t hem said, ` If we make images of t hem, it will increase our desire t o perform worship when we remember t hem.' So t hey made images of t hem. Then, when t hose

people died and ot her people came aft er t hem, Iblis approached t hem and said, ` They (your predecessors) used t o worship t hese st at ues and t hey were grant ed rain by t heir worship of t hem.' Thus, t hey (t he lat t er people) worshipped t hem.''

The Supplication of Nuh against His People and for whoever believed in Him Allah t hen says,

び⇔やゲΒ͡んミ∠ ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed t hey have led many ast ray.) meaning, by t he idols t hat t hey t ook for worship, t hey mislead a large number of people. For verily, t he worship of t hose idols cont inued t hroughout many generat ions unt il our t imes t oday, among t he Arabs, t he non-Arabs and all t he groups of t he Children of Adam. Al-Khalil (Prophet Ibrahim) said in his supplicat ion,

リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ルｚ ͡ま ゆ あ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇タΙ ｘ や ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇バルｚ ラ∠ぺ ヴ ｚ レ͡ よ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡レ∇らレ⊥ ∇ィや∠ヱぴ び͡サゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ リ ∠ ∇ヤヤ∠∇ッぺ∠ (And keep me and my sons away from worshipping idols."O my Lord! They have indeed led ast ray many among mankind...'') (14:35,36) Allah t hen says,

び⇔ΙΚ ∠ッ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Βヨ͡ ヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや キ͡ ゴ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Grant no increase t o t he wrongdoers save error.) This is a supplicat ion from him (Nuh) against his people due t o t heir rebellion, disbelief and obst inacy. This is j ust as Musa supplicat ed against Fir` awn and his chiefs in his st at ement ,

∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇キギ⊥ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ザヨ͡ ∇デや ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ぴ び∠ユΒ͡ャΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ (Our Lord ! Dest roy t heir wealt h, and harden t heir heart s, so t hat t hey will not believe unt il t hey see t he painful t orment .) (10:88) Verily, Allah responded t o t he supplicat ion of bot h of t hese Prophet s concerning t heir people and He drowned t heir nat ions due t o t heir rej ect ion of what he (t hat Prophet ) had come wit h.

∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ͡ ∇キほ⊥プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲ͡ ∇ビぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒ͡トカ ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ぴ Ι ∠ ゆ あ ケｚ ∀ゥヲ⊥ル メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ - や⇔ケゅ∠ダル∠ぺ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠

ラ͡ま マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ - や⇔ケゅｚΑキ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ケグ∠ ゎ∠ や⇔ケゅｚヘミ∠ や⇔ゲ͡ィゅ∠プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギヤ͡Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇やヲぁヤツ ͡ Α⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ⇔ レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヴ ∠ わ͡ ∇Βよ∠ モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ リヨ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ン ｚ ギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ゆ あ ケｚ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや キ͡ ゴ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ヱ∠ び や⇔ケゅ∠らゎ∠ (25. Because of t heir sins t hey were drowned, t hen were made t o ent er t he Fire. And t hey found none t o help t hem inst ead of Allah.) (26. And Nuh said: "My Lord! Leave not one of t he disbelievers on t he eart h Dayyar!'') (27. "If You leave t hem, t hey will mislead Your servant s, and t hey will beget none but wicked disbelievers.'') (28. "My Lord! Forgive me, and my parent s, and him who ent ers my home as a believer, and all t he believing men and women. And t o t he wrongdoers grant You no increase but dest ruct ion!'') Allah says,

び∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒ͡トカ ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ぴ (Because of t heir sins) It also has been recit ed as; (∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠Αゅ∠トカ ∠ ) (t heir errors.)

び∇やヲ⊥ホゲ͡ ∇ビぺ⊥ぴ (t hey were drowned,) meaning, for t heir numerous sins, rebellion, persist ence in disbelief and opposit ion t o t heir Messengers.

び⇔やケゅ∠ル ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ͡ ∇キほ⊥プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲ͡ ∇ビぺ⊥ぴ (t hey were drowned, t hen were made t o ent er t he Fire.) meaning, t hey will be carried from t he flood of t he seas t o t he heat of t he Fire.

び⇔やケゅ∠ダル∠ぺ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (And t hey found none t o help t hem inst ead of Allah.) meaning, t hey will have no helper, assist ant , or savior who can rescue t hem from t he punishment of Allah. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ユェ ͡ ケｚ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ タ ͡ ゅ∠ハ Ι ∠ぴ (This day t here is no savior from t he decree of Allah except him on whom He has mercy.) (11:43)

リ ∠ ョ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ケグ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ あ ケｚ ∀ゥヲ⊥ル メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケゅｚΑキ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (And Nuh said: "My Lord! Leave not one of t he disbelievers on t he eart h Dayyar!'') meaning, do not leave a single one of t hem on t he face of t he eart h, not even a lone individual. This is a met hod of speaking t hat gives emphasis t o t he negat ion. Ad-Dahhak said, "Dayyar means one.'' As-Suddi said, "Dayyar is t he one who st ays in t he home.'' So Allah answered his supplicat ion and He dest royed all of t hose on t he face of t he eart h who were disbelievers. He (Allah) even dest royed Nuh's (biological) son from his own loins, who separat ed himself from his fat her (Nuh). He (Nuh's son) said,

Ι ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ￢͡ べ∠ヨ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡レヨ⊥ ダ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ モ ∃ ら∠ ィ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ヱべ∠シぴ メ ∠ ゅ∠ェヱ∠ ユ∠ ェ ͡ ケｚ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ タ ͡ ゅ∠ハ び∠リΒ͡ホゲ∠ ∇ピヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ァ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ (I will bet ake myself t o some mount ain, it will save me from t he wat er. Nuh said: "This day t here is no savior from t he decree of Allah except him on whom He has mercy.'' And waves came in bet ween t hem, so he (t he son) was among t he drowned.) (11:43) Allah saved t he people of t he ship who believed wit h Nuh, and t hey were t hose whom Allah commanded Nuh t o carry wit h him. Allah said,

び∠ポキ∠ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇やヲぁヤツ ͡ Α⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡ま マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (If You leave t hem, t hey will mislead Your servant s,) meaning, ` if You leave a single one of t hem t hey will lead your servant s ast ray.' This refers t o t hose whom He will creat e aft er t hem.

び⇔やケゅｚヘミ∠ や⇔ゲ͡ィゅ∠プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギヤ͡Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hey will beget none but wicked disbelievers.) meaning, wicked in t heir deeds and disbelieving in t heir heart s. He (Nuh) said t his due t o what he knew about t hem since he remained among t hem for nine hundred and fift y years. Then he said,

び⇔ゅレ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヴ ∠ わ͡ ∇Βよ∠ モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ヱ∠ ン ｚ ギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ゆ あ ケｚ ぴ (My Lord! Forgive me, and my parent s, and him who ent ers my home as a believer,) Ad-Dahhak said, "This means, my Masj id.'' However, t here is no harm in underst anding t he Ayah according t o it s apparent meaning, which would be t hat he (Nuh) supplicat ed for every person who ent ered his house who was a believer. Then he said,

び͡ろ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∠リΒ͡レ͡ョ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤ͡ャ∠ヱぴ (and all t he believing men and women.) He supplicat ed for all of t he believing men and women, and t hat includes t hose of t hem who were living and t hose of t hem who were dead. For t his reason, it is recommended t o supplicat e like t his, in following t he example of Nuh, and t hat which has been report ed in t he narrat ions and well-known, legislat ed supplicat ions. Then, he said,

び⇔やケゅ∠らゎ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや キ͡ ゴ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t o t he wrongdoers, grant You no increase but dest ruct ion!) As-Suddi said, "But dest ruct ion.'' Muj ahid said, "But loss.'' This means in bot h t his life and in t he Hereaft er.This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Nuh. And all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Jinn (Chapter - 72) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ (In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゲ∀ ヘ∠ ル∠ ノ∠ ヨ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ヮ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ゅｚレョ∠ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ギ͡ ∇セゲぁ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ - ゅ⇔ら∠イハ ∠ ゅ⇔ル∠ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ギぁ ィ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ⇒∠バゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ べ∠レよあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ゼぁル リ∠ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ メ ⊥ ヲボ⊥ Α∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ら∠ エ ͡ ⇒∠タ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ゅ∠ョ メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ リｚャ ラ∠ぺ べｚレレ∠ ニ ∠ ゅｚルぺ∠ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ト∠トセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レヰ⊥ Β͡ヘシ ∠ ∀メゅ∠ィ͡ケ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔よ͡グミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ぁイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ⊥ ル͡Ηや ∇ユワ⊥ ヱキや∠ゴプ∠ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ メ ∃ ゅ∠ィゲ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥クヲ⊥バΑ∠ ザ ͡ ル͡Ηや リ ∠ ョあ

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リャｚ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠レニ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇やヲぁレニ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ボ∠ワケ∠ び や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ (1. Say: "It has been revealed t o me t hat a group of Jinn list ened. They said: ` Verily, we have heard a wonderful Recit at ion!') (2. ` It guides t o t he right pat h, and we have believed t herein, and we shall never j oin anyt hing wit h our Lord.') (3. ` And He, exalt ed be t he Jadd of our Lord, has t aken neit her a wife nor a son.') (4. ` And t hat t he foolish among us used t o ut t er against Allah t hat which was an enormit y in falsehood.') (5. ` And verily, we t hought t hat men and Jinn would not ut t er a lie against Allah.') (6. ` And verily, t here were men among mankind who t ook shelt er wit h t he males among t he Jinn, but t hey increased t hem in Rahaq.') (7. ` And t hey t hought as you t hought , t hat Allah will not send any Messenger.')

The Jinns listening to the Qur'an and Their Belief in It Allah commands His Messenger t o inform his people t hat t he Jinns list ened t o t he Qur'an, believed in it , affirmed it s t rut hfulness and adhered t o it . So Allah says,

∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀ゲ∠ヘル∠ ノ∠ ヨ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び͡ギ∇セゲぁ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ゅ⇔ら∠イハ ∠ ゅ⇔ル∠ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ゅｚル͡ま (Say: "It has been revealed t o me t hat a group of Jinn list ened. They said: ` Verily, we have heard a wonderful Recit at ion! It guides t o t he right pat h''') meaning, t o what is correct and success.

び⇔やギ∠ェぺ∠ べ∠レよあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ゼぁル リ∠ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ぴ (and we have believed t herein, and we shall never j oin anyt hing wit h our Lord.) This posit ion (t hat t hey t ook) is similar t o what Allah said,

∠ラヲ⊥バ͡ヨ∠わ∇ジ∠Α リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ゲ∠ヘル∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇プゲ∠ タ ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラや∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや (And when We sent t owards you a group of t he Jinns list ening t o t he Qur'an.) (46:29) We have already present ed t he Hadit hs t hat have been narrat ed concerning t his, so t here is no need t o repeat t hem here. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ギぁ ィ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ⇒∠バゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And He, exalt ed be t he Jadd of our Lord,) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ギぁ ィ ∠ぴ (t he Jadd of our Lord,) "This means, His act ions, His commands and His power.'' Ad-Dahhak report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "Allah's Jadd is His blessings, His power and His favor upon His creat ion.'' It has been report ed from Muj ahid and ` Ikrimah t hat t hey said, "It (Jadd) is t he magnificence of our Lord.'' Qat adah said, "Exalt ed is His magnificence, His great ness and His command.'' As-Suddi said, "Exalt ed is t he command of our Lord.'' It has been report ed from Abu Ad-Darda', Muj ahid and Ibn Jurayj t hat t hey said, "Exalt ed is His remembrance (Dhikr).''

The Jinns Affirmation that Allah does not have a Wife and Children Allah says,

び⇔やギ∠ャヱ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ら∠ エ ͡ ⇒∠タ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ゅ∠ョぴ (He has t aken neit her a wife nor a son.) meaning, far exalt ed is He above t aking a mat e and having children. This means t hat when t he Jinns accept ed Islam and believed in t he Qur'an t hey professed Allah's magnificence above having t aken a spouse and a child (or a son). Then t hey said,

び ゅ⇔ト∠トセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レヰ⊥ Β͡ヘシ ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat t he foolish among us used t o ut t er against Allah t hat which was an enormit y in falsehood.) Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Qat adah and As-Suddi, all said,

びゅ∠レヰ⊥ Β͡ヘシ ∠ぴ (t he foolish among us) "They were referring t o Iblis.''

びゅ⇔トト ∠セ ∠ぴ (t hat which was an enormit y in falsehood.) As-Suddi report ed from Abu Malik t hat he said, "This means a t ransgression.'' Ibn Zayd said, "A great inj ust ice.'' The foolish (Safih) also carries t he meaning of everyone in t he cat egory who claims t hat Allah has a spouse or a son. This is why Allah says here,

びゅ∠レヰ⊥ Β͡ヘシ ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat t he foolish among us used t o ut t er) meaning, nd He, eeA ? The Jinns Affirmat ion t hat Allah does not have a Wife and Children Allah says,

び⇔やギ∠ャヱ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ら∠ エ ͡ ⇒∠タ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ゅ∠ョぴ (He has t aken neit her a wife nor a son.) meaning, far exalt ed is He above t aking a mat e and having children. This means t hat when t he Jinns accept ed Islam and believed in t he Qur'an t hey professed Allah's magnificence above having t aken a spouse and a child (or a son). Then t hey said,

び ゅ⇔ト∠トセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レヰ⊥ Β͡ヘシ ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat t he foolish among us used t o ut t er against Allah t hat which was an enormit y in falsehood.) Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Qat adah and As-Suddi, all said,

びゅ∠レヰ⊥ Β͡ヘシ ∠ぴ (t he foolish among us) "They were referring t o Iblis.''

びゅ⇔トト ∠セ ∠ぴ (t hat which was an enormit y in falsehood.) As-Suddi report ed from Abu Malik t hat he said, "This means a t ransgression.'' Ibn Zayd said, "A great inj ust ice.'' The foolish (Safih) also carries t he meaning of everyone in t he cat egory who claims t hat Allah has a spouse or a son. This is why Allah says here,

びゅ∠レヰ⊥ Β͡ヘシ ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat t he foolish among us used t o ut t er) meaning, before his accept ance of Islam.

び⇔ゅト∠トセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (against Allah t hat which was an enormit y in falsehood.) meaning, falsehood and a lie. Thus, Allah says,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ぁイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ⊥ ル͡Ηや メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ リｚャ ラ∠ぺ べｚレレ∠ ニ ∠ ゅｚルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔よ͡グミ∠ (And verily, we t hought t hat men and Jinn would not ut t er a lie against Allah.) meaning, ` we did not t hink t hat humans and Jinns would j oin each ot her in lying about Allah by at t ribut ing a spouse and a son t o Him. So when we heard t his Qur'an we believed in it and we knew t hat t hey (Jinns and men) had been lying about Allah in t his mat t er.'

Among the Causes of the Transgression of the Jinns were that Humans sought Refuge with Them Allah says,

リ ∠ ョあ メ ∃ ゅ∠ィゲ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥クヲ⊥バΑ∠ ザ ͡ ル͡Ηや リ ∠ ョあ ∀メゅ∠ィ͡ケ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔ボ∠ワケ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱキや∠ゴプ∠ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや (And verily, t here were men among mankind who t ook shelt er wit h t he males among t he Jinn, but t hey increased t hem in Rahaq.) meaning, ` we used t o t hink t hat we had some virt uous st at us over mankind because t hey used t o seek refuge wit h us whenever t hey (men) would set t le in a valley or any place in t he wilderness, t he open count ry st eppes and ot her places.' This was t he cust om of t he Arabs in t he pre-Islamic days of ignorance. They used t o seek refuge wit h t he great est Jinn of a part icular place so t hat no harm or evil would afflict t hem. Like one would do if he ent ered int o t he land of his enemies, in t he vicinit y of a great and powerful man, he would seek t he prot ect ion and guardianship of t hat man. So when t he Jinns saw t hat t he humans were seeking refuge wit h t hem due t o t heir fear of t hem, t hey increased t hem in Rahaq which means fear, t error and fright . They did t his so t hat t he people would be more afraid of t hem and seek refuge wit h t hem even more. As Qat adah said concerning t his Ayah,

び⇔ゅボ∠ワケ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱキや∠ゴプ∠ ぴ (but t hey increased t hem in Rahaq.) means, "t he Jinns were courageous and increased in insolence against t hem.'' As-Suddi said, "A man used t o set out wit h his family (on a j ourney) unt il he came t o a piece of land where he would set t le. Then he would say, ` I seek refuge wit h t he mast er (Jinn) of t his valley from t he Jinns, or t hat myself, my wealt h, my child or my animals are harmed in it .''' Qat adah said, "When t hey sought refuge wit h t hem inst ead of Allah, t he Jinns would overcome t hem wit h harm because of t hat .'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded from ` Ikrimah t hat he said, "The Jinns used t o fear humans j ust like humans fear t hem, or even worse. So whenever humans would come t o a valley t he Jinns would flee. So t he leader of t he people would say, ` We seek refuge wit h t he leader of t he inhabit ant s of t his valley.' So t he Jinns said, ` We see t hese people fleeing from us j ust like we flee from t hem.' Thus, t he Jinns st art ed coming near t he humans and afflict ing t hem wit h insanit y and madness.'' Thus, Allah said,

リ ∠ ョあ メ ∃ ゅ∠ィゲ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥クヲ⊥バΑ∠ ザ ͡ ル͡Ηや リ ∠ ョあ ∀メゅ∠ィ͡ケ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔ボ∠ワケ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱキや∠ゴプ∠ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや (And verily, t here were men among mankind who t ook shelt er wit h t he males among t he Jinn, but t hey increased t hem in Rahaq.) meaning, in sin. Abu ` Aliyah, Ar-Rabi` and Zayd bin Aslam, all said,

び⇔ゅボ∠ワケ∠ ぴ

(in Rahaq) "This means in fear.'' Muj ahid said, "The disbelievers would increase in t ransgression.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リｚャ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠レニ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇やヲぁレニ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey t hought as you t hought ,) means, "t he Jinns were courageous and increased in insolence against t hem.'' As-Suddi said, "A man used t o set out wit h his family (on a j ourney) unt il he came t o a piece of land where he would set t le. Then he would say, ` I seek refuge wit h t he mast er (Jinn) of t his valley from t he Jinns, or t hat myself, my wealt h, my child or my animals are harmed in it .''' Qat adah said, "When t hey sought refuge wit h t hem inst ead of Allah, t he Jinns would overcome t hem wit h harm because of t hat .'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded from ` Ikrimah t hat he said, "The Jinns used t o fear humans j ust like humans fear t hem, or even worse. So whenever humans would come t o a valley t he Jinns would flee. So t he leader of t he people would say, ` We seek refuge wit h t he leader of t he inhabit ant s of t his valley.' So t he Jinns said, ` We see t hese people fleeing from us j ust like we flee from t hem.' Thus, t he Jinns st art ed coming near t he humans and afflict ing t hem wit h insanit y and madness.'' Thus, Allah said,

リ ∠ ョあ メ ∃ ゅ∠ィゲ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥クヲ⊥バΑ∠ ザ ͡ ル͡Ηや リ ∠ ョあ ∀メゅ∠ィ͡ケ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔ボ∠ワケ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱキや∠ゴプ∠ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや (And verily, t here were men among mankind who t ook shelt er wit h t he males among t he Jinn, but t hey increased t hem in Rahaq.) meaning, in sin. Abu ` Aliyah, Ar-Rabi` and Zayd bin Aslam, all said,

び⇔ゅボ∠ワケ∠ ぴ (in Rahaq) "This means in fear.'' Muj ahid said, "The disbelievers would increase in t ransgression.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リｚャ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠レニ ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇やヲぁレニ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey t hought as you t hought , t hat Allah will not send any Messenger.) meaning, Allah would never send a Messenger aft er t his long period of t ime. This was said by Al-Kalbi and Ibn Jarir.

や⇔ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ⇔ゅシ∠ゲ∠ェ ∇ろゃ∠ ヤ͡ョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ジヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ∠ヨプ∠ ノ͡ ∇ヨジ ｚ ヤ͡ャ ギ∠ バ͡ ⇒∠ボョ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ギ⊥ バ⊥ ∇ボル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚルぺ∠ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ら⊥ヰセ ⊥ ヱ∠ ン͡ケ∇ギル∠ Ι ∠ ゅｚルぺ∠ヱ∠ - や⇔ギ∠タケｚ ゅ⇔よゅ∠ヰセ ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ ラ ∠Ι ｘ や ノ͡ ヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠

∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ヨよ͡ ギ∠ Α͡ケぺ⊥ ゲｘ セ ∠ ぺ∠ び や⇔ギ∠セケ∠ (8. ` And we have sought t o reach t he heaven; but we found it filled wit h st ern guards and flaming fires.') (9. ` And verily, we used t o sit t here in st at ions, t o (st eal) a hearing, but any who list ens now will find a flaming fire wat ching him in ambush.') (10. ` And we know not whet her evil is int ended for t hose on t he eart h, or whet her t heir Lord int ends for t hem guidance.')

The Jinns stealing Information from the Sky before the the Messenger was sent and striking Them with flaming Fire after His Coming Allah informs about t he Jinns when He sent His Messenger Muhammad and revealed t he Qur'an t o him. Among t he ways He prot ect ed it (t he Qur'an) was by filling sky wit h st ern guards guarding it from all of it s sides. The devils were t hen expelled from t he places where t hey used t o sit prior t o t hat . This was so t hat t hey could not st eal anyt hing from t he Qur'an and t ell it t o t he soot hsayers, t hereby causing mat t ers t o be confused and mixed up. If t his happened it would not be known who was being t rut hful. Allah did t his out of His kindness t o His creat ion, His mercy upon His servant s and His prot ect ion of His Might y Book (t he Qur'an). This is why t he Jinns said,

や⇔ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ⇔ゅシ∠ゲ∠ェ ∇ろゃ∠ ヤ͡ョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ル∇ギィ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ∠￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ジヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ リ∠ヨプ∠ ノ͡ ∇ヨジ ｚ ヤ͡ャ ギ∠ バ͡ ⇒∠ボョ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ギ⊥ バ⊥ ∇ボル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚルぺ∠ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ら⊥ヰセ ⊥ ヱ∠ び や⇔ギ∠タケｚ ゅ⇔よゅ∠ヰセ ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ ラ ∠Ι ｘ や ノ͡ ヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (And we have sought t o reach t he heaven; but found it filled wit h st ern guards and flaming fires. And verily, we used t o sit t here in st at ions, t o (st eal) a hearing, but any who list ens now will find a flaming fire wat ching him in ambush.) meaning, whoever would like t o st eal some informat ion by list ening, he will find a flaming fire wait ing in ambush for him. It will not pass him or miss him, but it will wipe him out and dest roy him complet ely.

∇ュぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ リ∠ヨよ͡ ギ∠ Α͡ケぺ⊥ ゲｘ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ン͡ケ∇ギル∠ Ι ∠ ゅｚルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ギ∠セケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ (And we know not whet her evil is int ended for t hose on eart h, or whet her t heir Lord int ends for t hem guidance.) meaning, ` we do not know if t his -- t he mat t er which has occurred in t he sky -- is int ended for t hose who are in t he eart h or if t heir Lord int ends some guidance for t hem.' They st at ed t his in such a manner out of t heir et iquet t e in phrasing t heir speech,

because t hey did not at t ribut e t he doing of evil t o anyone and t hey at t ribut ed t he good t o Allah. Verily, it has been recorded in t he Sahih,

«マ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゲぁ ゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ» (And evil is not at t ribut ed t o You (Allah).) It used t o be t hat shoot ing st ars (met eors) occurred before t his, however it did not happen much, rat her only occasionally. As was report ed in t he Hadit h of Ibn ` Abbas when he said, "While we were sit t ing wit h t he Messenger of Allah a shoot ing st ar flashed in t he sky. So t he Prophet said,

«∨や∠グワ∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ» (What did you all used t o say about t his) We replied, "We used t o say t hat a great person has been born and a great person has died.'' The Prophet said,

ヶ͡プ ゲ∠ ∇ョほ∠∇ャや ヴ∠ツホ∠ や∠クま͡ ぶ ∠ や リ ｚ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠マャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠» «￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや (This is not so, rat her whenever Allah decrees a mat t er in t he heaven...)'' and t hen he went on t o narrat e t he rest of t he Hadit h which we have already ment ioned in it s ent iret y in Surah Saba'. This is what caused t hem t o seek t he reason for t his occurrence. So t hey set out searching in t he east and t he west . Then t hey found t he Messenger of Allah recit ing (t he Qur'an) while leading his Companions in prayer. Thus, t hey knew t hat t his Qur'an was t he reason for t he sky being guarded. Therefore, some among t hem believed in it and t he ot hers became more rebellious in t heir t ransgression. A discussion of t his has preceded in a Hadit h of Ibn ` Abbas concerning Allah's st at ement in Surat Al-Ahqaf,

∠ラヲ⊥バ͡ヨ∠わ∇ジ∠Α リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ や⇔ゲ∠ヘル∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇プゲ∠ タ ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラや∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや (And (remember) when We sent t owards you (Muhammad) a group of t he Jinn (quiet ly) list ening t o t he Qur'an.) (46:29) There is no doubt t hat when so many shoot ing st ars began appearing in t he sky, it horrified humans and Jinns alike. They were very dist urbed and alarmed by it . They t hought t hat it was t he dest ruct ion of t he world. As-Suddi said, "The sky was never guarded except if t here was a Prophet in t he eart h or t he religion of Allah was vict orious and dominant in t he eart h.'' So t he devils before t he t ime of Muhammad had t aken sit t ing st at ions for t hemselves in t he heaven of t his world and t hey would list en t o t he mat t ers t hat occurred in t he heaven. But when Allah sent Muhammad as a Prophet and Messenger, t hey were suddenly pelt ed one night (wit h t he flaming, shoot ing st ars). So t he people of Ta'if were fright ened because of t his and t hey began t o say, ` The dwellers of t he sky have been dest royed.' This was because t hey saw t he severe fires in t he sky and t he shoot ing flames. They began freeing t heir servant s and abandoning t heir luxuries. So ` Abd Yalayl bin ` Amr bin ` Umayr said t o t hem and he was referred t o for j udgement among t hem "Woe t o you O people of Ta'if! Hold on t o your wealt h and look at t hese guiding st ars in t he sky.If you see t hem remaining in t heir place, t hen t he dwellers of t he sky have not been dest royed, rat her t his has

happened because of Ibn Abi Kabshah (-- meaning Muhammad ). And if you look and see t hat you can no longer see t hese st ars, t hen verily t he dwellers of t he sky have been dest royed.'' So, t hey looked and saw t hat t he st ars st ill remained, and t hus, t hey kept t heir wealt h. The devils also were fright ened during t hat night . They went t o Iblis and informed him of what happened t o t hem. So he (Iblis) said, "Bring me a handful of dirt from every land so t hat I may smell it .'' So t hey brought it and he smelled it and said, "It is your friend in Makkah.'' Then he sent a group of seven Jinns t o Makkah, and t hey found t he Prophet of Allah st anding in prayer in AlMasj id Al-Haram while recit ing t he Qur'an. They drew near t o him eager t o hear t he Qur'an, unt il t heir chest s almost pressed against him. Then t hey accept ed Islam and Allah revealed t heir mat t er t o His Messenger . We have ment ioned t his chapt er in it s ent iret y in t he first sect ion of t he Kit ab As-Sirah wit h lengt hy discussion. Allah knows best and unt o Him is all praise and blessings.

ペ ∠ も͡ へ∠ゲデ ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ゅｚレョ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ゅレｚ ョ͡ ゅｚルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ゴ∠ イ ͡ ∇バルぁ リｚャ ラ∠ぺ べｚレレ∠ ニ ∠ ゅｚルぺ∠ヱ∠ - や⇔キ∠ギホ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ ゅｚルぺ∠ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔よ∠ゲワ∠ ロ⊥ ゴ∠ イ ͡ ∇バルぁ リ∠ャヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ボ∠ワケ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ガよ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠ガΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ リ͡ョ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ヨプ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥トジ ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ゅｚレョ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅｚレ͡ョ ゅｚルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥トジ ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ - や⇔ギ∠セケ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲｚ エ ∠ ゎ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ る͡ ボ∠ Α͡ゲト ｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠ボわ∠ ∇シや ヲ͡ ャｚぺ∠ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ら∠トェ ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ イ ∠ ャ͡ ∇チゲ͡ ∇バΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ わ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャあ - ゅ⇔ホ∠ギビ ∠ ￢⇔ べｚョ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βボ∠ ∇シΙ ∂ び や⇔ギ∠バタ ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ムヤ⊥∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ (11. ` There are among us some t hat are right eous, and some t he cont rary; we are groups having different ways.') (12.` And we t hink t hat we cannot escape Allah in t he eart h, nor can we escape Him by flight .') (13. ` And indeed when we heard t he Guidance, we believed t herein, and whosoever believes in his Lord shall have no fear, eit her of a decrease in t he reward of his good deeds or an increase in t he punishment for his sins.') (14. ` And of us some are Muslims, and of us some are Al-Qasit un. And whosoever has embraced Islam, t hen such have sought t he right pat h.' '') (15. And as for t he Qasit un, t hey shall be firewood for Hell.) (16. If t hey had believed in Allah, and went on t he way, We would surely have best owed on t hem wat er in abundance.) (17. That We might t ry t hem t hereby. And whosoever t urns away from t he Reminder of his Lord, He will cause him t o ent er in a Sa` ad t orment .)

The Jinns testify that among Them there are Believers, Disbelievers, Misguided and Guided Allah says t hat t he Jinns said about t hemselves,

び∠マャ͡ク∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キ ゅｚレョ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ゅｚレ͡ョ ゅｚルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (There are among us some t hat are right eous, and some t he cont rary;) meaning, ot her t han t hat .

び⇔やキ∠ギホ͡ ペ ∠ も͡ へ∠ゲデ ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ぴ (We are groups having different ways.) meaning, on numerous differing pat hs and having different t hought s and opinions. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and ot hers have said,

び⇔やキ∠ギホ͡ ペ ∠ も͡ へ∠ゲデ ∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ぴ (We are groups having different ways.) "This means among us are believers and among us are disbelievers.'' Ahmad bin Sulayman An-Naj j ad report ed in his (book of) Amali t hat he heard AlA` mash saying, "A Jinn came t o us, so I said t o him, ` What is t he most beloved food t o your kind' He replied, ` Rice.' So we brought t hem some rice and I saw t he morsels being lift ed but I did not see a hand lift ing it . So I asked him, ` Do you have t hese desires (religious innovat ions) among your kind as we have among ours' He replied, ` Yes.' Then I said, ` Who are t he Rafidah among you' He said, ` They are t he worst of us.''' I present ed t his chain of narrat ion t o our Shaykh, Al-Hafiz Abi Al-Haj j aj Al-Mizzi and he said it s chain is aut hent ic t o Al-A` mash.

The Jinns confess to Allah's Perfect Power Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

リ∠ャヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ゴ∠ イ ͡ ∇バルぁ リｚャ ラ∠ぺ べｚレレ∠ ニ ∠ ゅｚルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔よ∠ゲワ∠ ロ⊥ ゴ∠ イ ͡ ∇バルぁ (And we t hink t hat we cannot escape Allah in t he eart h, nor can we escape Him by flight .) meaning, ` we know t hat t he power of Allah is decisive over us and t hat we cannot escape Him in t he eart h. Even if we t ry t o flee, we know t hat He has complet e cont rol over us and t hat none of us can escape Him.'

び͡ヮよ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ ゅｚルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(And indeed when we heard t he Guidance, we believed t herein,) They were proud of t his, and it is somet hing for t hem t o be proud of, as well as a great honor for t hem and a good charact erist ic. Concerning t heir st at ement ,

び⇔ゅボ∠ワケ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ガよ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠ガΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ リ͡ョ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ヨ∠プぴ (and whosoever believes in his Lord shall have no fear, eit her of a decrease in t he reward of his good deeds or an increase in t he punishment for his sins.) Ibn ` Abbas, Qat adah and ot hers said, "This means, he should not fear t hat t he reward for his good deeds will be decreased or t hat he will be burdened wit h anyt hing ot her t han his sins.'' This is as Allah says,

び⇔ゅヨ∇ツワ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ フ ⊥ ゅ∠ガΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then he will have no fear of inj ust ice, nor of any curt ailment .) (20:112)

び∠ラヲ⊥トジ ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ゅｚレョ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅｚレ͡ョ ゅｚルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And of us some are Muslims, and of us some are Al-Qasit un.) meaning, ` among us t here is t he Muslim and t he Qasit .' The Qasit is he who behaves unj ust ly wit h t he t rut h and deviat es from it . This is t he opposit e of t he Muqsit , t he one who is j ust .

び⇔やギ∠セケ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲｚ エ ∠ ゎ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (And whosoever has embraced Islam, t hen such have sought t he right pat h.) meaning, t hey sought salvat ion for t hemselves.

び ゅ⇔ら∠トェ ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ イ ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥トジ ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And as for t he Qasit un, t hey shall be firewood for Hell.) meaning, fuel, for t hey will be used t o kindle it (t he Fire). Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

￢⇔ べｚョ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βボ∠ ∇シΙ ∂ る͡ ボ∠ Α͡ゲト ｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠ボわ∠ ∇シや ヲ͡ ャｚぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ わ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ゅ⇔ホ∠ギビ ∠ (If t hey had believed in Allah, and went on t he way, We would surely have best owed on t hem wat er in abundance. That We might t ry t hem t hereby.) The comment at ors have differed over t he explanat ion of t his. There are t wo views concerning it . The First View That if t he deviant ones would st and firmly upon t he pat h of Islam, being j ust upon it and remaining upon it ,

び⇔ゅホ∠ギビ ∠ ￢⇔ べｚョ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βボ∠ ∇シΙ ∂ぴ

(We would surely have best owed on t hem wat er in abundance.) meaning, a lot . The int ent behind t his is t o say t hat t hey would be given an abundance of sust enance. Wit h t his, t he meaning of Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ヮΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ わ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ぴ (That We might t ry t hem t hereby.) is t hat , ` We will t est t hem.' As Malik report ed from Zayd bin Aslam, he said, "That We might t ry t hem - means, so t hat We may t est t hem t o see who will remain upon t he guidance from t hose who will t urn back t o sin.''

Mentioning Those Who held this View Al-` Awfi report ed similar t o t his from Ibn ` Abbas, and likewise said Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib, ` At a, As-Suddi, Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi, Qat adah and Ad-Dahhak. Muqat il said, "This Ayah was revealed about t he disbelievers of t he Quraysh when t hey were deprived of rain for seven years.'' The Second View

び͡る∠ボΑ͡ゲト ｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠ボわ∠ ∇シや ヲ͡ ャｚぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (If t hey had believed in Allah, and went on t he way,) meaning, of misguidance.

び⇔ゅホ∠ギビ ∠ ￢⇔ べｚョ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βボ∠ ∇シΙ ∂ぴ (We would surely have best owed on t hem wat er in abundance.) meaning, ` t hen We would have increased t heir sust enance t o allow a gradual respit e.' As Allah says,

あモミ⊥ ゆ ∠ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミあ ク⊥ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ェゲ͡ プ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジヤ͡∇らョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ (So, when t hey forgot t hat wit h which t hey had been reminded, We opened for t hem t he gat es of everyt hing, unt il in t he midst of t heir enj oyment in t hat which t hey were given, all of a sudden, We t ook t hem, and lo! They were plunged int o dest ruct ion wit h deep regret s and sorrows. ) (6:44) Allah also says,

- リ ∠ Β͡レよ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∃ ゅｚョ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁギヨ͡ ル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ｚ モ∠よ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ネ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ジル⊥

(Do t hey t hink t hat in wealt h and children wit h which We expand t hem. We hast en unt o t hem wit h good t hings. Nay, but t hey percieve not .) (23:55,56) This is t he view of Abu Mij laz and it agrees wit h t he opinion of Ibn Humayd. For verily, he (Ibn Humayd) said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び͡る∠ボΑ͡ゲト ｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠ボわ∠ ∇シや ヲ͡ ャｚぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (If t hey had believed in Allah, and went on t he way,) "This means t he pat h of misguidance.'' Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hat im bot h recorded t his. Al-Baghawi also ment ioned it from Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Zayd bin Aslam, Al-Kalbi and Ibn Kaysan. It seems t hat he (Al-Baghawi) t ook t his posit ion. And it is support ed by Allah's saying, "That We might t ry t hem t hereby.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ムヤ⊥∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ∇チゲ͡ ∇バΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び⇔やギ∠バタ ∠ (And whosoever t urns away from t he Reminder of his Lord, He will cause him t o ent er in a Sa` ad t orment .) meaning, a harsh, severe, agonizing and painful punishment . Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Qat adah and Ibn Zayd, all said,

び⇔やギ∠バタ ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ぴ (in a Sa` ad t orment .) "This means harsh having no relaxat ion in it .'' It has also been report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "It is a mount ain in Hell.'' It has been relat ed from Sa` id bin Jubayr t hat he said, "It is a well in Hell.''

ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ギ∠ イ ͡ ⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ - や⇔ギ∠らャ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ミ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ∇らハ ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヨャｚ ヴあルま͡ ∇モホ⊥ - や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇セぺ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ リ∠ャ ヴあルま͡ ∇モホ⊥ - や⇔ギ∠セケ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ッ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ョぺ∠ Ι ∠ - や⇔ギ∠エわ∠ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ギ∠ ィ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇リャ∠ヱ∠ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡ルゲ∠ Β͡イΑ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ゾ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ͡ヮ͡わ⇒∠ヤ⇒∠シ͡ケ∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ビ∠Κよ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ - や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ル ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠

∇リョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ び や⇔キ∠ギハ ∠ モ ぁ ホ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ͡タゅ∠ル ブ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ッぺ∠ (18. And t he Masj ids are for Allah, so invoke not anyone along wit h Allah.) (19. And when t he servant of Allah st ood up invoking Him in prayer t hey j ust made round him a dense crowd as if st icking one over t he ot her.) (20. Say: "I invoke only my Lord, and I associat e none as part ners along wit h Him.'') (21. Say: "It is not in my power t o cause you harm, or t o bring you t o t he right pat h.'') (22. Say: "None can prot ect me from Allah's punishment , nor can I find refuge except in Him.'') (23. "(Mine is) but conveyance from Allah and His Messages, and whosoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger, t hen verily, for him is t he fire of Hell, he shall dwell t herein forever.'') (24. Till, when t hey see t hat which t hey are promised, t hen t hey will know who it is t hat is weaker concerning helpers and less import ant concerning numbers.)

The Command to worship Allah Alone and shun Shirk Allah commands His servant s t o single Him out alone for worship and t hat none should be supplicat ed t o along wit h Him, nor should any part ners be associat ed wit h Him. As Qat adah said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ギ∠ イ ͡ ⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he Masj ids are for Allah, so invoke not anyone along wit h Allah.) "Whenever t he Jews and Christ ians used t o ent er t heir churches and synagogues, t hey would associat e part ners wit h Allah. Thus, Allah commanded His Prophet t o t ell t hem t hat t hey should single Him out alone for worship.'' Ibn Jarir recorded from Sa` id bin Jubayr t hat he said concerning t his verse,

び や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ギ∠ イ ͡ ⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he Masj ids are for Allah, so invoke not anyone along wit h Allah.) "The Jinns said t o t he Prophet of Allah , ` How can we come t o t he Masj id while we are dist ant - meaning very far away - from you And how can we be present for t he prayer while we are far away from you' So Allah revealed t his Ayah,

び や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ギ∠ イ ͡ ⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he Masj ids are for Allah, so invoke not anyone along wit h Allah.)'' The Jinns crowding t oget her t o hear t he Qur'an Allah said,

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ミ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ∇らハ ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヨャｚ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ギ∠らャ͡

(And when t he servant of Allah st ood up invoking Him in prayer t hey j ust made round him a dense crowd as if st icking one over t he ot her.) Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, "When t hey heard t he Prophet recit ing t he Qur'an t hey almost mount ed on t op of him due t o t heir zeal. When t hey heard him recit ing t he Qur'an t hey drew very near t o him. He was unaware of t hem unt il t he messenger (i.e., Jibril) came t o him and made him recit e,

びあリイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョあ ゲ∀ ヘ∠ ル∠ ノ∠ ヨ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ヴ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ ∠ェ ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "It has been revealed t o me t hat a group of Jinn list ened.'') (72:1) They were list ening t o t he Qur'an.'' This is one opinion and it has been report ed from Az-Zubayr bin Al-` Awwam. Ibn Jarir recorded from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "The Jinns said t o t heir people,

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ミ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ∇らハ ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヨャｚぴ び⇔やギ∠らャ͡ (when t he servant of Allah st ood up invoking Him in prayer t hey j ust made round him a dense crowd as if st icking one over t he ot her.) )'' This is t he second view and it has also been report ed from Sa` id bin Jubayr. Al-Hasan said, "When t he Messenger of Allah st ood up and said none has t he right t o be worshipped except Allah, and he called t he people t o t heir Lord, t he Arabs almost crowded over him t oget her (against him).'' Qat adah said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ミ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ⊥ ∇らハ ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ヨャｚ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ギ∠らャ͡ (when t he servant of Allah st ood up invoking Him in prayer t hey j ust made round him a dense crowd as if st icking one over t he ot her.) "Humans and Jinns bot h crowded t oget her over t his mat t er in order t o ext inguish it . However, Allah insist ed upon helping it , support ing it and making it vict orious over t hose who opposed it .'' This is t he t hird view and it has also been report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr and Ibn Zayd. It was also t he view preferred by Ibn Jarir. This view seems t o be t he most apparent meaning of t he Ayah due t o Allah's st at ement which follows it ,

び や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇セぺ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "I invoke only my Lord, and I associat e none as part ners along wit h Him.'') meaning, when t hey harmed him, opposed him, denied him and st ood against him in order t o t hwart t he t rut h he came wit h, and t o unit e against him, t he Messenger said t o t hem

びヴあよケ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇キ∠ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (I invoke only my Lord,) meaning, ` I only worship my Lord alone, and He has no part ners. I seek His help and I put my t rust in Him.'

び⇔やギ∠ェぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇セぺ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and I associat e none as part ners along wit h Him.)

The Messenger does not have Power to harm or give Guidance Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び や⇔ギ∠セケ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ッ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ョぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヴあルま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "It is not in my power t o cause you harm, or t o bring you t o t he right pat h.'') meaning, ` say: I am only a man like you all and I have received revelat ion. I am only a servant among t he servant s of Allah. I have no cont rol over t he affairs of your guidance or your misguidance. Rat her all of t hese t hings are referred t o Allah.' Then he (t he Prophet ) says about himself t hat no one can save him from Allah eit her. This means, ` if I disobey Allah, t hen no one would be able t o rescue me from His punishment .'

び⇔やギ∠エわ∠ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ リ͡ョ ギ∠ ィ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇リャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and nor can I find refuge except in Him.) Muj ahid, Qat adah and As-Suddi all said, "No place t o escape t o.''

It is only obligatory upon the Messenger to convey the Message Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ヮわ͡ ⇒∠ヤ⇒∠シケ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ゅ⇔ビ∠Κよ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ ((Mine is) but conveyance from Allah and His Messages,) This is an except ion relat ed t o t he previous st at ement ,

び∀ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡ルゲ∠ Β͡イΑ⊥ リ∠ャぴ (None can prot ect me from Allah's punishment ,) meaning, ` not hing can save me from Him and rescue me except my conveyance of t he Message t hat He has obligat ed me t o carry out .' This is as Allah says,

ラ͡まヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ べ∠ョ ∇ヒヤあよ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ほ∠⇒∠Αぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ヨ⊥ ダ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠シケ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ピヤｚよ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ び͡サゅｚレャや (O Messenger! Proclaim which has been sent down t o you from your Lord. And if you do not , t hen you have not conveyed His Message. Allah will prot ect you from mankind.) (5:67) Then Allah says,

ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ル ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ゾ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び⇔やギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ (and whosoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger, t hen verily, for him is t he fire of Hell, he shall dwell t herein forever.) meaning, ` I will convey unt o you all t he Messages of Allah, so whoever disobeys aft er t hat , t hen his reward will be t he fire of Hell wherein he will abide forever.' This means, t hey will not be able t o avoid it nor escape from it . Then Allah says,

∇リョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ び や⇔キ∠ギハ ∠ モ ぁ ホ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ͡タゅ∠ル ブ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ッぺ∠ (Till, when t hey see t hat which t hey are promised, t hen t hey will know who it is t hat is weaker concerning helpers and less import ant concerning numbers.) meaning, unt il t hese idolat ors from t he Jinns and humans see what has been promised t o t hem on t he Day of Judgement . Then on t hat day, t hey will know who's helpers are weaker and fewer in number -- t hem or t he believers who worship Allah alone. This means t hat t he idolat ors have no helper at all and t hey are fewer in number t han t he soldiers of Allah.

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ゅｚョ ∀ょΑ͡ゲ∠ホ∠ぺ ン͡ケ∇キぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇ヌΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ハ - や⇔ギ∠ョぺ∠ ヴあよケ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ジΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リ͡ョ ヴ∠ツゎ∠ ∇ケや リ ͡ ョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ - や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ラ∠ぺ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャあ - や⇔ギ∠タケ∠ ヮ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ

ヴ∠ダ∇ェ∠ぺ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヅ ∠ ゅ∠ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヤ⇒∠シケ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ピ∠ヤ∇よ∠ぺ び や⇔キ∠ギハ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ (25. Say: "I know not whet her t hat which you are promised is near or whet her my Lord will appoint for it a dist ant t erm.'') (26. "The All-Knower of t he Unseen, and He reveals t o none His Unseen.'') (27. Except t o a Messenger whom He has chosen, and t hen He makes a band of wat ching guards t o march before him and behind him.) (28. Till he knows t hat t hey have conveyed t he Messages of t heir Lord. And He surrounds all t hat which is wit h t hem, and He keeps count of all t hings.)

The Messenger of Allah does not know when the Hour will be Allah commands His Messenger t o say t o t he people t hat he has no knowledge of when t he Hour will be and he does not know whet her it s t ime is near or far.

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ゅｚョ ∀ょΑ͡ゲ∠ホ∠ぺ ン͡ケ∇キぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び や⇔ギ∠ョぺ∠ ヴあよケ∠ (Say: "I know not whet her which you are promised is near or whet her my Lord will appoint for it a dist ant t erm.'') meaning, a long period of t ime. In t his noble Ayah is an evidence t hat t he Hadit h t hat many of t he ignorant people oft en circulat e, which says t hat t he Prophet will not remain under t he eart h more t han one t housand years (i.e., t he Hour will be before t hat period) is a baseless lie. We have not seen it in any of t he Books (of Hadit h). Verily, t he Messenger of Allah was asked about t he t ime of t he Hour and he would not respond. When Jibril appeared t o him in t he form of a bedouin Arab, one of t he quest ions he asked t he Prophet was, "O Muhammad! Tell me about t he Hour'' So t he Prophet replied,

«モ͡もゅｚジャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇ハほ∠よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ メ ⊥ ヱ⊥ぽ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ» (The one quest ioned about it knows no more t han t he quest ioner.) On anot her occasion when a bedouin Arab called out t o t he Prophet in a loud voice saying, "O Muhammad! When will be t he Hour'' The Prophet said,

«∨ゅ∠ヰャ∠ れ ∠ ∇キギ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∩∀るレ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ マ ∠エ ∠ ∇Αヱ∠ » (Woe unt o you. Verily, it will occur so what have you prepared for it ) The man replied, "I have not prepared much for it of prayers and fast ing, but I love Allah and His Messenger.'' The Prophet t hen replied,

«ろ∇らら∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ノ∠ ョ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルほ∠プ∠ »

(Then you will be wit h whomever you love.) Anas said, "The Muslims were not happier wit h anyt hing like t hey were upon (hearing) t his Hadit h.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

リ ͡ ョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇ヌΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ハぴ び∃メヲ⊥シケｚ リ͡ョ ヴ∠ツゎ∠ ∇ケや (The All-Knower of t he Unseen, and He reveals t o none His Unseen. Except t o a Messenger) This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び∠￢べ∠セ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リョあ ￢∃ ∇ヶゼ ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲト ⊥ Β͡エΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will never compass any t hing of His knowledge except t hat which He wills.) (2:255) Similarly, Allah says here t hat He knows t he unseen and t he seen and t hat no one of His creat ion can at t ain any of His knowledge except t hat which Allah allows him t o have. Thus, Allah says,

リ ͡ ョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇ヌΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ハぴ び∃メヲ⊥シケｚ リ͡ョ ヴ∠ツゎ∠ ∇ケや (The All-Knower of t he Unseen, and He reveals t o none His Unseen. Except t o a Messenger whom He has chosen,) This includes t he angelic Messenger and t he human Messenger. Then Allah says,

び⇔やギ∠タケ∠ ヮ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ マ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ジΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (and t hen He makes a band of wat ching guards t o march before him and behind him.) meaning, He part icularly gives him addit ional guardian angels who prot ect him by t he command of Allah and t hey accompany him wit h t hat which is wit h him of Allah's revelat ion. Thus, Allah says,

ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヅ ∠ ゅ∠ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヤ⇒∠シケ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ピヤ∠∇よぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ラ∠ぺ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャあぴ び や⇔キ∠ギハ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ヴ∠ダ∇ェ∠ぺ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ (Till he knows t hat t hey have conveyed t he Messages of t heir Lord. And He surrounds all t hat which is wit h t hem, and He keeps count of all t hings.) The pronoun ` he' which is in His st at ement ,

び∠ユ∠ヤ∇バ∠Β͡ャぴ

(Till he knows) refers t o t he Prophet . Ibn Jarir recorded from Sa` id bin Jubayr t hat he said concerning t he Ayah,

リ ͡ ョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ - や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇ヌΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ハぴ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ マ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ジΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リ͡ョ ヴ∠ツゎ∠ ∇ケや び や⇔ギ∠タケ∠ ヮ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ (The All-Knower of t he Unseen, and He reveals t o none His Unseen. Except t o a Messenger whom He has chosen, and t hen He makes a band of wat ching guards t o march before him and behind him.) "These are four guardians among t he angels along wit h Jibril,

び∠ユ∠ヤ∇バ∠Β͡ャぴ (Till he knows) This means Muhammad ,

∇ユヰ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ヅ ∠ ゅ∠ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヤ⇒∠シケ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ピヤ∠∇よぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ び⇔やキ∠ギハ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ヴ∠ダ∇ェ∠ぺ∠ヱ (t hat t hey have conveyed t he Messages of t heir Lord. And He surrounds all t hat which is wit h t hem, and He keeps count of all t hings.)'' This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hat im. It has also been report ed by Ad-Dahhak, As-Suddi and Yazid bin Abi Habib. ` Abdur-Razzaq report ed from Ma` mar, from Qat adah,

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヤ⇒∠シケ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ピ∠ヤ∇よ∠ぺ ∇ギホ∠ ラ∠ぺ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャあぴ (Till he knows t hat t hey have conveyed t he Messages of t heir Lord.) "So t hat t he Prophet of Allah would know t hat t he Messengers had conveyed t heir Messages from Allah and t hat t he angels have prot ect ed t hem and defended t hem.'' This has also been report ed by Sa` id bin Abi ` Arubah from Qat adah, and Ibn Jarir preferred t his int erpret at ion. Al-Baghawi said, "Ya` qub recit ed it as, (∠ユヤ∠∇バΒ⊥ャ͡) (in order t o be known) t his means, so t hat t he people may know t hat t he Messengers had conveyed t he Message.'' It also could carry t he meaning t hat t he pronoun refers t o Allah (i.e., So t hat He (Allah) may know). This opinion has been ment ioned by Ibn Al-Jawzi in Zad Al-Masir. The meaning of t his is t hat He prot ect s His Messengers t hrough His angels so t hat t hey will be able t o convey His Messages. He prot ect s what He reveals t o t hem of revelat ion so t hat He will know t hat t hey have indeed conveyed t he Messages of t heir Lord. This is like His st at ement ,

リ∠ョ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇バレ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ヴ͡わャｚや る∠ ヤ∠∇らボ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮ∇Βら∠ ボ͡ ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ょ ⊥ ヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Α リｚヨョ͡ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ノ⊥ ら͡ わｚ Α∠

(And We made t he Qiblah which you used t o face, only t hat We know who followed t he Messenger from t hose who would t urn on t heir heels.) (2:143) Allah also said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ｚ ヨ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ヨ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Verily, Allah knows t hose who believe, and t hat He knows t he hypocrit es.) (29:11) It should be added t o t hese examples t hat from Allah's knowledge is t hat He knows all t hings before t hey occur, and t his is somet hing definit e and cert ain. Therefore, He says aft er t his,

び⇔やキ∠ギハ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ヴ∠ダ∇ェ∠ぺ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヅ ∠ ゅ∠ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And He surrounds all t hat which is wit h t hem, and He keeps count of all t hings.) This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Jinn, and all praises and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Muzzammil (Chapter - 73) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ (In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ダあル - Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ユ͡ ホ⊥ - モ ⊥ あョｚゴヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ゎあ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇キコ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ゾボ⊥ ルや る∠ ゃ∠ セ ͡ ゅ∠ル ラ ｚ ま͡ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ボを∠ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ͡ボ∇ヤレ⊥ シ ∠ ゅｚル͡ま - Κ ⇔ Β͡ゎ∇ゲゎ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ホ ュ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ほ⇔∇デヱ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや Κ ⇔ Β͡わ∇らゎ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇モわｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ∠ ∇シや ゲ͡ ミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱ - Κ ⇔ Α͡ヲデ ∠ ゅ⇔エ ∠ ∇らシ ∠ び ロ⊥ ∇グガ ͡ ｚゎゅ∠プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ゆ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケｚ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠

(1. O you wrapped up!) (2. St and (t o pray) all night , except a lit t le.) (3. Half of it or less t han t hat , a lit t le.) (4. Or a lit t le more. And Rat t il t he Qur'an Tart il.) (5. Verily, We shall send down t o you a Word Thaqil.) (6. Verily, rising (Nashi'ah) at night is bet t er for underst anding and more suit able for speech (recit at ion).) (7. Verily, for you in t he day is lengt hy Sabh.) (8. And remember t he Name of your Lord and (Tabat t il) devot e yourself t o Him wit h complet e devot ion.) (9. Lord of t he east and t he west ; La ilaha illa Huwa, so t ake Him as a t rust ee.)

The Command to stand at Night (in Prayer) Allah commands His Messenger t o cease being wrapped up, and t his means t o be covered during t he night . He commands him t o get up and st and in prayer t o His Lord. This is as Allah says,

∇ユヰ⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ノ͡ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ツヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ヴ∠プゅ∠イわ∠ ゎ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱ ⇔ゅバ∠ヨ∠デ∠ヱ ゅ⇔プ∇ヲカ ∠ (Their sides forsake t heir beds, t o invoke t heir Lord in fear and hope, and t hey spend out of what We have best owed on t hem.) (32:16) Thus, t he Prophet did as Allah ordered him, by st anding for prayer at night . This was obligat ory upon him alone, as Allah said,

マ ∠ ん∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ マ ∠ ャｚ る⇔ ヤ∠プ͡ ゅ∠ル ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ギイ ｚ ヰ∠ わ∠ プ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔キヲ⊥ヨ∇エョｚ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ (And in some part s of t he night offer t he Salah wit h it (t he Qur'an), as an addit ional prayer for you. It may be t hat your Lord will raise you t o Maqam Mahmud.) (17:79) Here Allah explains how much prayer he should perform. Allah says,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ユ͡ ホ⊥ - モ ⊥ あョｚゴヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O you wrapped up! St and all night , except a lit t le.) Ibn ` Abbas, Ad-Dahhak and As-Suddi all said,

びモ ⊥ あョｚゴヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O you wrapped up!) "This means, O you who are asleep.'' Qat adah said, "The one who is wrapped up in his garment s.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ヮヘ∠ ∇ダルあ ぴ (Half of it ) means, inst ead of t he whole night .

び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇キコ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ゾボ⊥ ルや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ぴ

(A lit t le less t han t hat , or a lit t le more.) meaning, ` We have commanded you t o st and in prayer for half of t he night , eit her a lit t le more t han it or a lit t le less. There is no hardship on you concerning t hat (slight increase or decrease).

The Way of reciting the Qur'an Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔ΚΒ͡ゎ∇ゲゎ∠ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ゎあ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Rat t il t he Qur'an Tart il.) meaning, recit e it slowly, for t hat will help in underst anding t he Qur'an and cont emplat ing it . This is how t he Prophet used t o recit e. ` A'ishah said, "He (t he Prophet ) used t o recit e t he chapt er slowly, so much so t hat it would be longer t han chapt ers t hat were act ually longer t han it .'' In Sahih Al-Bukhari, it is recorded from Anas t hat he was asked about t he recit at ion of t he Messenger of Allah , so he replied, "He used t o elongat e t he let t ers.'' Then he (Anas) recit ed,

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ (In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.) (1:1) and he elongat ed "In t he Name of Allah,'' and he elongat ed "The Most Gracious,'' and he elongat ed "The Most Merciful.'' Ibn Jurayj report ed from Ibn Abi Mulaykah, who narrat ed from Umm Salamah t hat she was asked about t he recit at ion of t he Messenger of Allah , so she said, "He used t o pause in his recit at ion, verse by verse.

ゆ あ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや - ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ びリ ͡ Αあギャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ͡ ヤ͡⇒∠ョ - ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや (In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful. All praise is Allah's, t he Lord of all t hat exist s. The Most Gracious, t he Most Mercif ul. The Only Owner of t he Day of Recompense.) (1:1-4) This was recorded by Ahmad, Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi. We have already ment ioned t he Hadit hs which prove t he recommendat ion of slow rhyt hmic recit at ion and beaut ificat ion of t he voice while recit ing at t he beginning of t his Tafsir. For example, t he Hadit h which st at es,

«ユ⊥ムゎ͡ や∠ヲ∇タほ∠よ͡ ラ ∠ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや やヲ⊥レΑあ コ∠ » (Beaut ify t he Qur'an wit h your voices.) and t he Hadit h,

«ラへ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ｚ ピ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚレ͡ョ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠» (He is not of us who does not chant nicely wit h t he recit at ion of t he Qur'an.) and t he Hadit h,

«キ⊥ヱや∠キ メ ͡ へ ゲ͡ Β͡ョや∠ゴョ∠ ∇リョ͡ や⇔ケゅ∠ョ∇ゴョ͡ や∠グワ∠ ヶ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠» (Verily, he has been given t his windpipe from t he windpipes of t he family of Dawud.) Referring t o Abu Musa. Abu Musa replied, "If I knew t hat you had been list ening t o my recit at ion, I would have t ruly beaut ified it for you.'' It has been narrat ed from Ibn Mas` ud t hat he said, "Do not scat t er t he (recit at ion of) Qur'an out like t he scat t ering of sand, and do not rush t hrough it like t he hast y recit at ion of poet ry. St op at it s amazing part s and make your heart move wit h it . None of you should let his concern be t o reach t he end of t he chapt er.'' This has been recorded by Al-Baghawi. Al-Bukhari recorded from Abi Wa'il t hat he said, "A man came t o Ibn Mas` ud and said, ` I read t he Mufassal chapt ers (from Qaf t o An-Nas) last night in one unit of prayer.' Ibn Mas` ud said, ` This is rushing like t he hast e of recit ing poet ry. t he Most Merciful. The Only Owner of t he Day of Recompense.) (1:1-4) This was recorded by Ahmad, Abu Dawud and At Tirmidhi. We have already ment ioned t he Hadit hs which prove t he recommendat ion of slow rhyt hmic recit at ion and beaut ificat ion of t he voice while recit ing at t he beginning of t his Tafsir. For example, t he Hadit h which st at es,

«ユ⊥ムゎ͡ や∠ヲ∇タほ∠よ͡ ラ ∠ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや やヲ⊥レΑあ コ∠ » (Beaut ify t he Qur'an wit h your voices.) and t he Hadit h,

«ラへ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ リ ｚ ピ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚレ͡ョ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠» (He is not of us who does not chant nicely wit h t he recit at ion of t he Qur'an.) and t he Hadit h,

«キ⊥ヱや∠キ メ ͡ へ ゲ͡ Β͡ョや∠ゴョ∠ ∇リョ͡ や⇔ケゅ∠ョ∇ゴョ͡ や∠グワ∠ ヶ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠» (Verily, he has been given t his windpipe from t he windpipes of t he family of Dawud.) Referring t o Abu Musa. Abu Musa replied, "If I knew t hat you had been list ening t o my recit at ion, I would have t ruly beaut ified it for you.'' It has been narrat ed from Ibn Mas` ud t hat he said, "Do not scat t er t he (recit at ion of) Qur'an out like t he scat t ering of sand, and do not rush t hrough it like t he hast y recit at ion of poet ry. St op at it s amazing part s and make your heart move wit h it . None of you should let his concern be t o reach t he end of t he chapt er.'' This has been recorded by Al-Baghawi. Al-Bukhari recorded from Abi Wa'il t hat he said, "A man came t o Ibn Mas` ud and said, ` I read t he Mufassal chapt ers (from Qaf t o An-Nas) last night in one unit of prayer.' Ibn Mas` ud said, ` This is rushing like t he hast e of recit ing poet ry.

The Magnificence of the Qur'an Allah t hen said,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡ボを∠ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ͡ボ∇ヤレ⊥ シ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We shall send down t o you a Word Thaqil.) Al-Hasan and Qat adah bot h said, "The act ions wit h it .'' It has also been said t hat it means it will be heavy at t he t ime of it s revelat ion due t o it s magnificence. This is similar t o what Zayd bin Thabit said. He said, "The Messenger of

Allah received some revelat ion while his t high was on t op of my t high, and my t high was almost crushed due t o it .'' Imam Ahmad recorded from ` Abdullah bin ` Amr t hat he said, "I asked t he Prophet , ` O Messenger of Allah! Do you feel anyt hing when revelat ion comes (t o you)' The Messenger of Allah replied,

∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∩∠マャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ろ ⊥ ム⊥ ∇シぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ モ ∠タ ͡ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇シぺ∠» «ヂ∠ら∇ボゎ⊥ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇レレ∠ ニ ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヶ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α り∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ (I hear a ringing and t hen I remain quiet when t hat occurs. There has not been a single t ime t hat revelat ion has come t o me except t hat I t hought t hat my soul was about t o be t aken (deat h).)'' Ahmad was alone in narrat ing t his. In t he beginning of Sahih Al-Bukhari, it is recorded from ` A'ishah t hat Al-Harit h bin Hisham asked t he Messenger of Allah , "How does t he revelat ion come t o you'' The Prophet replied,

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゲ∠ イ ∠ ∇ャや る͡ ヤ∠ダ ∠ ∇ヤタ ∠ モ ͡ ∇んョ͡ ヶ͡プ ヶ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠Β∇ェぺ∠» ∩∠メゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ヶあレハ ∠ ユ⊥ ダ ∠ ∇ヘΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩ｚヶヤ∠ハ ∠ ロ⊥ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヶ͡ハほ∠プ∠ ヶ͡レヨ⊥ ヤあム∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡ャ モ ⊥ んｚ ヨ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠Β∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ «メヲ⊥ボΑ∠ (Somet imes it comes t o me like t he ringing of a bell, and it is most severe upon me. Then t his st at e passes away from me aft er I have grasped what is inspired. Somet imes t he angel comes t o me in t he form of a man and t alks t o me and I grasp what ever he says.) ` A'ishah added, "Verily, I saw him receiving revelat ion and I not iced t he sweat dropping from his forehead on a very cold day as t he revelat ion ended.'' This is t he wording recorded by Al-Bukhari. Imam Ahmad recorded from ` A'ishah t hat she said, "If t he Messenger of Allah received any revelat ion while he was on his riding animal, it would begin moving it s Jiran int ensely.'' The Jiran is t he bot t om of t he neck. Ibn Jarir chose t he int erpret at ion t hat it (t he revelat ion) is heavy in bot h ways simult aneously. This is as ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, "Just as it is heavy in t his world, it will also be heavy on t he Day of Judgement in t he Scales.''

The Virtue of standing at Night for Prayer Allah says,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡ホ ュ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ほ⇔∇デヱ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや る∠ ゃ∠ セ ͡ ゅ∠ル ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, rising (Nashi'ah) at night is bet t er for underst anding and more suit able for speech (recit at ion).) ` Umar, Ibn ` Abbas and Ibn Zubayr, all said, "The ent ire night is Nashi'ah.'' Muj ahid and ot hers said t he same. It is said "Nasha'a'' when a person st ands at night t o pray. In one narrat ion from Muj ahid he said, "(It is) aft er ` Isha' (prayer).'' This was also said by Abu Mij laz,

Qat adah, Salim, Abu Hazim and Muhammad bin Al-Munkadir. The point is t hat Nashi'ah of t he night refers t o it s hours and it s t imes, every hour of it is called Nashi'ah, so it refers t o t he periods of t ime. The purpose of t his is t hat st anding at night (for prayer) is bet t er for t raining t he heart and t he t ongue, and more conducive t o recit at ion. Thus, Allah says,

び⇔ΚΒ͡ホ ュ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ほ⇔∇デヱ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ぴ (is bet t er for underst anding and more suit able for speech (recit at ion).) meaning, more comprehensive for t he mat t er of performing t he recit at ion and bet t er for underst anding it t han in t he recit at ion of t he day. This is because t he dayt ime is t he t ime for people t o disperse and move about , t o raise voices and be lively. Al-Hafiz Abu Ya` la Al-Mawsili said, "Ibrahim bin Sa` id Al-Jawhari t old us t hat Abu Usamah t old us t hat Al-A` mash informed us t hat Anas bin Malik recit ed t his Ayah as: (ｚラま͡ る∠ ゃ∠ セ ͡ ゅ∠ル モ ͡ ∇Βヤｚャや ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ゆ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡ホ) (` Verily, rising at night is bet t er for underst anding and more correct for t he speech.') So a man said t o him, ` We recit e it ;

び⇔ΚΒ͡ホ ュ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (more suit able for speech).' So Anas said t o him, ` Most correct (Aswab), most suit able (Aqwam), t he best for preparat ion (Ahya') and similar words are all t he same (in meaning).''' Thus, Allah cont inues saying,

びΚ ⇔ Α͡ヲデ ∠ ゅ⇔エ ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, for you in t he day is lengt hy Sabh.) Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah and "At a' bin Abi Muslim, all said, "Leisure t ime and sleep.'' Abu Al-` Aliyah, Muj ahid, Abu Malik, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and Sufyan At h-Thawri, all said, "A long amount of leisure t ime.'' Qat adah said, "Leisure, aspirat ions and act ivit ies.'' ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said concerning t he st at ement ,

びΚ ⇔ Α͡ヲデ ∠ ゅ⇔エ ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ヴ͡プ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, for you in t he day is lengt hy Sabh.) "This means for your needs. Therefore, leave t he night open for your religious devot ion. Allah said t his when t he (volunt ary) night prayer was obligat ory. Then, Allah blessed His servant s, light ened t he mat t er and removed it s obligat ion.'' Then he recit ed,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ユ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ (St and (t o pray) all night , except a lit t le.) t o t he end of t he Ayah, t hen he recit ed,

モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ヴ ͡ ん∠ ヤ⊥を⊥ リ͡ョ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ マ ∠ ルｚぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び⊥ヮ∠ヘ∇ダ͡ル∠ヱ

(Verily, your Lord knows t hat you do st and less t han t wo- t hirds of t he night , or half of it .) (73:20) unt il he reached,

び∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ジ ｚ Β∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (So recit e of it what is easy.) (73:20) and Allah says,

マ ∠ ん∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ マ ∠ ャｚ る⇔ ヤ∠プ͡ ゅ∠ル ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ギイ ｚ ヰ∠ わ∠ プ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔キヲ⊥ヨ∇エョｚ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ (And Tahaj j ud in some part s of t he night (also offer t he Salah wit h it ), as an addit ional prayer for you. It may be t hat your Lord will raise you t o Maqam Mahmud.) (17:79) In fact , t his is as t rue as what he (` Abdur-Rahman) said, The proof for t his view is what Imam Ahmad recorded in his Musnad, t hat Sa` id bin Hisham divorced his wife and t hen t raveled t o Al-Madinah in order t o sell some propert y he had wit h her. He int ended t o use it s money t o buy an animal and a weapon and t hen go for Jihad against t he Romans unt il he died. In t he process of t his he met a group of his people and t hey informed him t hat a group of six men from his people had int ended t hat in t he t ime of t he Messenger of Allah , upon which he said,

«∨∀るレ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∀り∠ヲ∇シぺ⊥ ヶ ｚ プ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠» (Is t here not for you all an excellent example in me) So he forbade t hem from t hat and made t hem t est ify t hat t hey would t ake t heir wives back. Then he (Sa` id) ret urned t o us and informed us t hat he went t o Ibn ` Abbas and asked him about t he Wit r (prayer). Ibn ` Abbas said, "Shall I not inform you of t he person who is t he most knowledgeable person on t he eart h about t he Wit r prayer of t he Messenger of Allah '' He said, "Yes.'' Ibn ` Abbas t hen said, "Go t o ` A'ishah and ask her, t hen ret urn t o me and inform me of what she t ells you.'' He said, "Then I went t o Hakim bin Aflah and request ed him t o go wit h me t o her. But he said, ` I do not want t o be near her. Verily, I forbade her from saying anyt hing concerning t hese t wo part ies (t he part ies of ` Ali and Mu` awiyah), but she refused and cont inued being involved wit h t hem (in t heir conflict ).' So I adj ured him by Allah, so he came wit h me and we ent ered upon her (in her house).'' So she said, "Is t his t he Hakim t hat I know'' He (Hakim) said, "Yes.'' Then she said, "Who is t his t hat is wit h you'' He said, "Sa` id bin Hisham.'' She said, "Who is Hisham'' He said, "He is Ibn ` Amir.'' She t hen asked Allah t o have mercy upon him (` Amir). Then she said, "Yes, ` Amir was a t rue man.'' Then I (Sa` id) said, "O Mot her of t he believers! Inform me about t he charact er of t he Messenger of Allah .'' She replied, "Have you not read t he Qur'an'' I said, "Of course.'' Then she said, "Verily, t he charact er of t he Messenger of Allah was t he Qur'an.'' I was about t o st and and leave, but t hen I remembered t o ask about t he night prayer of t he Messenger of Allah . I said, "O Mot her of t he believers! Inform me about t he night prayer of t he Messenger of Allah .'' She said, "Have you not read t he Surah,

びモ ⊥ あョｚゴヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O you wrapped up.) I said, "Of course.'' She t hen said, "Verily, Allah made st anding at night (for prayer) obligat ory at t he beginning of t his Surah. So t he Messenger of Allah and his Companions st ood for an ent ire year during t he night (in prayer) unt il t heir feet swelled. Allah held back t he revelat ion of t he end of t his Surah for t welve mont hs. Then, Allah revealed t he

light ening of t his burden at t he end of t his Surah. Then, t he st anding for night prayer became volunt ary aft er it used t o be obligat ory.'' I was about t o leave when I remembered t o ask her about t he Wit r prayer of t he Messenger of Allah . So I said, "O Mot her of t he believers! Inform me about t he Wit r prayer of t he Messenger of Allah .'' She said, "We used t o prepare his Siwak (t oot hst ick) for him and his ablut ion wat er, and Allah would awaken him whenever He wished t o awaken him during t he night . Then, he would clean his t eet h wit h t he Siwak and perform ablut ion. Then, he would pray eight (Rak` ahs) unit s of prayer and he would not sit during t hem except at t he end of t he eight h one. At t his point he would sit and remember his Lord t he Most High, and supplicat e t o Him. Aft erwards he would st and wit hout saying t he greet ing of peace (Taslim). He would t hen pray a nint h unit of prayer and t hen sit . He would remember Allah Alone and t hen supplicat e t o Him (during t his sit t ing). Then, he would say t he greet ings of peace (t o conclude t he prayer) making it audible t o us. Then, he would pray t wo more unit s of prayer aft er t his salut at ion of peace, while he would be sit t ing. So t hese are eleven unit s of prayer, O my son. Then, when he became older and heavier, he would perform Wit r prayer wit h seven unit s of prayer, and t hen he would pray t wo ext ra unit s of prayer aft er t hem while sit t ing aft er t he salut at ion of peace. So t hese are nine unit s of prayer, O my son. Whenever t he Messenger of Allah used t o pray a part icular prayer, he liked t o remain consist ent in it s performance. If he would ever be preoccupied from performing t he night prayer by oversleeping, pain or illness, he would pray t welve unit s of supererogat ory prayer during t he day. I do not know of Allah's Prophet ever recit ing t he ent ire Qur'an in one night before morning nor did he fast an ent ire mont h ot her t han t he mont h of Ramadan.'' So I went t o Ibn ` Abbas and t old him what she had said. Ibn ` Abbas t hen said, "She has spoken t rut hfully and if I had went t o her house I would have remained unt il she spoke direct ly t o me and I could see her lips moving.'' This is how Imam Ahmad recorded t his narrat ion in it s ent iret y. Muslim also recorded similarly in his Sahih. Ibn Jarir recorded from Abu ` Abdur-Rahman t hat he said, "When t he Ayah

びモ ⊥ あョｚゴヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O you wrapped.) (73:1) was revealed, t he people st ood in night prayer for an ent ire year unt il t heir feet and shins swelled. This cont inued unt il Allah revealed,

び∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ジ ｚ Β∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (So recit e of it what is easy.) (73:20) Then t he people relaxed.'' Al-Hasan Al-Basri and As-Suddi bot h said t he same. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ゾボ⊥ ルや ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ダあル - Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ユ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ (St and (t o pray) all night , except a lit t le. Half of it or less t han t hat , a lit t le.) (73:2,3) "This became difficult on t he believers. Then Allah light ened t he mat t er for t hem and had mercy on t hem when He revealed aft er t his,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ヴッ ∠ ∇ゲョｚ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ シ ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ び∠ラヱ⊥ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ

(He knows t hat t here will be some among you sick, ot hers t raveling t hrough t he land, seeking of Allah's bount y.) unt il Allah says,

び∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ジ ｚ Β∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (So, recit e you of t he Qur'an as much as may be easy for you.) (73:20) So Allah made t he mat t er easy - and unt o Him is due all praise - and he did not make mat t ers difficult .'' Then Allah says,

び ⇔ΚΒ͡わ∇ら∠ゎ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇モわｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ∠ ∇シや ゲ͡ ミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ (And remember t he Name of your Lord and (Tabat t al) devot e yourself t o Him wit h complet e devot ion.) meaning, make much remembrance (Dhikr) of Him, devot e yourself t o Him and spend your t ime worshipping Him when you have complet ed your occupat ions and what you need from t he affairs of your worldly mat t ers. This is as Allah says,

び ∇ょダ ∠ ルゅ∠プ ろ ∠ ∇ビゲ∠ プ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (So when you have finished (your occupat ion), devot e yourself for Allah's worship.) (94:7) meaning, when you have complet ed your t asks and occupat ions, t hen busy yourself in His obedience and His worship so t hat you will have free t ime for leisure. The meaning of t his was said by Ibn Zayd, or close t o it s meaning. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Abu Salih, ` At iyah, Ad-Dahhak and As-Suddi, all said,

び⇔ΚΒ͡わ∇らゎ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇モわｚ ら∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And (Tabat t al) devot e yourself t o Him wit h complet e devot ion.) "This means, make your worship solely for Him alone.'' Al-Hasan said, "St rive and devot e yourself t o Him.'' Ibn Jarir said, "A devout worshipper is called Mut abat t il. An example of t his is t he report ed Hadit h t hat he (t he Prophet ) forbade At -Tabat t ul, which means t ot al devot ion t o worship while avoiding get t ing married.'' Allah said,

ロ⊥ ∇グガ ͡ ｚゎゅ∠プ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ∠ ゆ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケｚ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ (Lord of t he east and t he west ; La ilaha illa Huwa. So t ake Him a t rust ee.) meaning, He is t he Owner and Cont roller of affairs in t he east ern regions and t he west ern regions. He is t he One except whom t here is no deit y wort hy of worship. Just as you single Him out for worship, you should also single Him out for reliance. Therefore, t ake Him as a guardian and t rust ee. This is as Allah says in anot her Ayah,

び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇モミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プぴ

(So worship Him and rely upon him.) (11:123) It is also similar t o His st at ement ,

びリ ⊥ Β͡バわ∠ ∇ジル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ぴ (You (Alone) we worship, and you (Alone) we ask for help.) (1:5) The Ayat wit h t his meaning are numerous. They cont ain t he command t o make worship and act s of obedience exclusively for Allah, and t o rely solely upon Him.

や⇔ゲ∇イワ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ゲイ ⊥ ∇ワや∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タや∠ヱぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヤヰあ ョ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇バレｚ ャや ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ͡ル∇ケク∠ ヱ∠ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ヨィ ∠ や∠ク ゅ⇔ョゅ∠バデ ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡エィ ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ムル∠ぺ べ∠レ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや ブ ⊥ ィ ⊥ ∇ゲゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ ダ ｚ ビ ⊥ べ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べｚル͡ま - Κ ⇔ Β͡ヰョｚ ゅ⇔らΒ͡んミ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や⇔ギ͡ヰ⇒∠セ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヴ∠ダバ∠ プ∠ - Ι ⇔ ヲシ ⊥ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ラ͡ま ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ - Κ ⇔ Β͡よヱ∠ や⇔グ∇カぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グカ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゲ∀ ト ͡ ヘ∠ レ⊥ョ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや - ゅ⇔らΒ͡セ ラ ∠ ギ∠ ∇ャヲ͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ びΙ ⇔ ヲ⊥バ∇ヘョ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ (10. And be pat ient wit h what t hey say, and keep away from t hem in a good way.) (11. And leave Me alone t o deal wit h t he deniers, t hose who are in possession of good t hings of life. And give t hem respit e for a lit t le.) (12. Verily, wit h Us are Ankal, and Jahim.) (13. And a food t hat chokes, and a painful t orment .) (14. On t he Day when t he eart h and t he mount ains will (Tarj ufu) shake, and t he mount ains will be a heap of sand poured out .) (15. Verily, We have sent t o you a Messenger t o be a wit ness over you, as We did send a Messenger t o Fir` awn.) (16. But Fir` awn disobeyed t he Messenger; so We seized him wit h a severe punishment .) (17. Then how can you prot ect yourselves from t he punishment , if you disbelieve, on a Day t hat will make t he children gray-headed) (18. Whereon t he heaven will be cleft asunder His promise is cert ainly t o be accomplished.)

The Command to be Patient with the Harms of the Disbelievers and a Discussion of what They will receive because of it

Allah commands His Messenger t o be pat ient wit h what t he foolish who rej ect him among his people say. Allah also commands him t o keep away from t hem in a nice way. This means in a way t hat is not blamewort hy. Then Allah says t o him, as a t hreat and a warning t o his people and He (Allah) is t he Most Great , Whose anger not hing can st and before,

び͡るヨ∠ ∇バレｚ ャや ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴル͡ ∇ケク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And leave Me alone t o deal wit h t he deniers, t hose who are in possession of good t hings of life.) meaning, ` leave Me t o deal wit h t he rich rej ect ors, who own great wealt h.' For verily, t hey are more able t o obey t han ot hers besides t hem, and t hey are request ed t o give t he right s (t o people) because t hey have what ot hers do not have.

び⇔ΚΒ͡ヤホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヤヰあ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And give t hem respit e for a lit t le.) meaning, for a lit t le while. This is as Allah says,

びナ ∃ Β͡ヤビ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲぁ ト ∠ ∇ツル∠ ｚユを⊥ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ あわヨ∠ ル⊥ ぴ (We let t hem enj oy for a lit t le, t hen in t he end We shall oblige t hem t o (ent er) a great t orment .) (31:24) Thus, Allah says,

び⇔Ιゅ∠ムル∠ぺ べ∠レ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, wit h Us are Ankal,) and t hese are fet t ers. Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah, Tawus, Muhammad bin Ka` b, ` Abdullah bin Buraydah, Abu ` Imran Al-Jawni, Abu Mij laz, Ad-Dahhak, Hammad bin Abi Sulayman, Qat adah, As-Suddi, Ibn Al-Mubarak, At h-Thawri and ot hers have all said t his.

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡エィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and Jahim.) This is a blazing fire.

び∃るダ ｚ ビ ⊥ や∠ク ゅ⇔ョゅ∠バデ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And a food t hat chokes,) Ibn ` Abbas said, "This means it will get st uck in t he t hroat and it will not ent er or come out .''

び⊥メゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやブ ⊥ ィ ⊥ ∇ゲゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and a painful t orment . On t he Day when t he eart h and t he mount ains will (Tarj uf) shake,) meaning, t hey will quake.

び⇔ΚΒ͡ヰョｚ ゅ⇔らΒ͡んミ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ

(And t he mount ains will be a heap of sand poured out .) meaning, t hey will become like hills of sand aft er t hey had been firm rocks. Then t hey will be ut t erly dest royed and not hing will remain of t hem. This will occur unt il t he ent ire eart h becomes a flat land and no curvat ure will be seen in it . Thus, t here will be no valleys and no hills. This means t hat no part of it will be low or elevat ed.

Your Messenger is like the Messenger to Fir` awn, and You know what happened to Fir` awn Then addresses t he disbelievers of t he Quraysh, and along wit h t hem t he rest of mankind,

び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や⇔ギ͡ヰ⇒∠セ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We have sent t o you a Messenger t o be a wit ness over you,) meaning, wit nessing your deeds.

べ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や⇔ギ͡ヰ⇒∠セ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べｚルま͡ぴ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚ ャや ラ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヴ∠ダバ∠ プ∠ - Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ びΚ ⇔ Β͡よヱ∠ や⇔グ∇カぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇グカ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ (as We did send a Messenger t o Fir` awn. But Fir` awn disobeyed t he Messenger; so We seized him wit h a severe punishment .)

び⇔ΚΒ͡よヱ∠ や⇔グ∇カぺ∠ぴ (severe punishment ) Ibn Abbas, Muj ahid, Qat adah, As-Suddi, and At h-Thawri said t hat t his means severe. This means, ` you should beware of denying t his Messenger, lest you be afflict ed by t hat which befell Fir` awn. Allah seized him wit h t he seizing of One Might y and Powerful.' This is as Allah says,

び ヴ∠ャ∇ヱΙ ｙ や∠ヱ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやメ ∠ ゅ∠ムル∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ロ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So Allah seized him wit h punishment for his last and first t ransgression.) (79:25) ` Therefore, you will be even more deserving of dest ruct ion and ruin if you deny your Messenger, because your Messenger is more noble and a great er t han Prophet Musa, t he son of ` Imran.' This has been report ed from Ibn ` Abbas and Muj ahid.

The Threat of the Day of Judgement Allah says,

ゅ⇔らΒ͡セ ラ ∠ ギ∠ ∇ャヲ͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ラ͡ま ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ ゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ぴ び (Then how can you proct ect yourselves from t he punishment , if you disbelieved, on a Day t hat will make t he children gray-headed) Ibn Jarir quot ed in t he recit at ion of Ibn Mas` ud: "How can you, O people, fear a Day t hat makes t he children grey-headed, if you disbelieve in Allah and do not t est ify t o Him'' So t he first int erpret at ion would mean, ` how can you at t ain safet y for yourselves from t he Day of t his great horror if you disbelieve' It could imply t he meaning, ` how can you all at t ain piet y if you disbelieve in t he Day of Judgement and rej ect it .' Bot h of t hese meanings are good. However, t he first int erpret at ion is closer t o t he t rut h. And Allah knows best . The meaning of Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔ゅらΒ͡セ ラ ∠ ギ∠ ∇ャヲ͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On a Day t hat will make t he children gray-headed) is t hat t his will happen due t o t he severit y of it s horrors, it s eart h- quakes and it s dist ur- bing confusion. This is when Allah will say t o Adam, "Send a group t o t he Fire.'' Adam will say, "How many'' Allah will t hen reply, "From every t housand, nine hundred and ninet y-nine t o t he Fire, and one t o Paradise.'' Then Allah says,

び͡ヮよ͡ ゲ∀ ト ͡ ヘ∠ レ⊥ョ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャやぴ (Whereon t he heaven will be cleft asunder) Al-Hasan and Qat adah bot h said, "This means, because of it (t he Day of Judge- ment ), due t o it s severit y and it s horror.'' Then Allah says,

び⇔Ιヲ⊥バ∇ヘョ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミぴ (His promise is cert ainly t o be accomplished.) meaning, t he promise of t his Day will be fulfilled. This means it will occur and t here is no way around it , and it will come t o pass and t here is no avoiding it .

-Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ヮ͡ よあケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ヨプ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グゎ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ヴ ͡ ん∠ ヤ⊥を⊥ リ͡ョ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ケ⊥ あギボ∠ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ マ ∠ バ∠ ョ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョあ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ん∠ ヤ⊥を⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ダル͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠わプ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ダ∇エゎ⊥ リｚャぺ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ シ ∠ ラ∠ぺ ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ∠ ジ ｚ Β∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥￢ゲ∠ ∇ホゅ∠プ

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲョｚ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ジ ｚ Β∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥￢ゲ∠ ∇ホゅ∠プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ジェ ∠ ゅ⇔ッ∇ゲホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや や⊥ヲッ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル６Ι ∇やヲ⊥ョギあ ボ∠ ゎ⊥ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ユ∠ ヌ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ (19. Verily, t his is an admonit ion, t herefore whosoever wills, let him t ake a pat h t o His Lord!) (20. Verily, your Lord knows t hat you do st and a lit t le less t han t wo-t hirds of t he night , or half t he night , or a t hird of t he night , and also a part y of t hose wit h you. And Allah measures t he night and t he day. He knows t hat you are unable t o pray t he whole night , so He has t urned t o you. So, recit e you of t he Qur'an as much as may be easy for you. He knows t hat t here will be some among you sick, ot hers t raveling t hrough t he land, seeking of Allah's bount y, yet ot hers fight ing in Allah's cause. So recit e as much of t he Qur'an as may be easy,

This is a Surah that Men of Sound Understanding receive Admonition from Allah says,

び͡ログ͡ ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t his) meaning, t his Surah.

び∀りゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グゎ∠ ぴ (an admonit ion,) meaning, men of underst anding receive admonit ion from it . Thus, Allah says,

び⇔ΚΒ͡らシ ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ヨ∠プぴ (t herefore whosoever wills, let him t ake a pat h t o His Lord.) meaning, from t hose whom Allah wills t hat t hey be guided. This is similar t o t he st ipulat ion t hat Allah ment ions in anot her Surah,

ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ゼゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ (But you cannot will, unless Allah wills. Verily Allah is Ever All-Knowing, Al-Wise.) (76:30)

Abrogation of the Obligation to offer the Night Prayer and a Mention of its Valid Excuses Then Allah says,

モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや ヴ ͡ ん∠ ヤ⊥を⊥ リ͡ョ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ マ ∠ ルｚぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び∠マバ∠ ョ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョあ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ん∠ ヤ⊥を⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ダル͡ ヱ∠ (Verily, your Lord knows t hat you do st and a lit t le less t han t wo-t hirds of t he night , or half t he night , or a t hird of t he night , and also a part y of t hose wit h you.) meaning, somet imes like t his and somet imes like t hat , and all of t hese are done unint ent ionally. However, you all are not able t o be consist ent wit h t he night prayer Allah has commanded you, because it is difficult for you. Thus, Allah says,

び∠ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ケ⊥ あギボ∠ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah measures t he night and t he day.) meaning, somet imes t he night and day are equal, and somet imes one of t hem will be longer or short er t han t he ot her.

び∠ゆゅ∠わプ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ダ∇エゎ⊥ リｚャぺ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ぴ (He knows t hat you are unable t o pray t he whole night ,) meaning, t he obligat ion which He prescribed for you.

び∠ユヤ͡ハ ∠ ラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ∠ ジ ｚ Β∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (So, recit e you of t he Qur'an as much as may be easy.) meaning, wit hout specificat ion of any set t ime. This means, st and and pray during t he night as much as is easy (for you). Allah uses t he t erm recit at ion (Qira'ah) t o mean prayer (Salah). This is as Allah says in Surah Subhan (AlIsra'),

び∠マゎ͡ Κ∠ダよ͡ ∇ゲヰ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And offer your Salah neit her aloud) (17:110) meaning, your recit at ion.

びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ろプ͡ ゅ∠ガゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Nor in low voice.) (17:110) Then Allah says,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲョｚ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ シ ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ ∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ び∇やヱ⊥￢ゲ∠ ∇ホゅ∠プ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ (He knows t hat t here will be some among you sick, ot hers t raveling t hrough t he land, seeking of Allah's bount y, yet ot hers fight ing in Allah's cause.) meaning, He knows t hat t here will be people of t his nat ion who will have excuses for not praying t he (volunt ary) night prayer. They are t hose who are ill and t herefore t hey are not able t o perform it , and t hose who are t raveling in t he land seeking t he bount y of Allah in business and t rade, and ot hers who will be busy wit h t hat which is more import ant t o t hem. An example of t his is going on expedit ions t o fight in t he way of Allah. This Ayah, rat her, t his ent ire Surah was revealed in Makkah even t hough fight ing was not legislat ed unt il aft er it was revealed. Thus, it is among t he great est of t he signs of prophet hood, because it informs about unseen mat t ers of t he fut ure. Thus, Allah says,

び∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ジ ｚ Β∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (So recit e as much of t he Qur'an as may be easy,) meaning, st and and pray at night what ever is easy for you t o do of it . Allah said;

び∠りヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎへ∠ヱ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and perform Salah and give Zakah,) meaning, est ablish your obligat ory prayers and pay your obligat ory Zakah. This is a proof for t hose who say t hat Zakah was made obligat ory in Makkah, but t he various amount s of Nisab and how much was t o be given was clarified in Al-Madinah. And Allah knows best . Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan, Qat adah and ot hers from t he Salaf have said, "Verily, t his Ayah abrogat ed t he st anding for prayer at night t hat Allah previously made obligat ory for t he Muslims.'' It has been confirmed in t he Two Sahihs t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t o a man,

«る∠ヤ∇Βヤｚャや∠ヱ ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ れ ∃ や∠ヲヤ∠タ ∠ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨカ ∠» (Five obligat ory prayers during a day and a night (are obligat ory).)'' The man said, "Is t here anyt hing ot her t han t his (of prayer) t hat is obligat ory upon me'' The Messenger of Allah replied,

«ネｚヲ∠ト∠ゎ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∩ゅ∠ャ» (No, except what you may do volunt arily.)

The Command to give Charity and do Good Deeds Allah says,

びゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ジェ ∠ ゅ⇔ッ∇ゲホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやぴ (and lend t o Allah a handsome loan.) meaning, from charit able donat ions. For verily, Allah will reward for t his t he best and most abundant of rewards. This is as Allah says,

ヮ⊥ ヘ∠ ハ ͡ ゅ∠ツΒ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔レジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ⇔ッ∇ゲホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや チ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ボΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや や∠ク リｚョぴ び⇔りゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ ゅ⇔プゅ∠バ∇ッぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ (Who is he t hat will lend t o Allah a goodly loan so t hat He may mult iply it t o him many t imes) (2:245) Then Allah says,

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ レ͡ハ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル６Ι ∇やヲ⊥ョギあ ボ∠ ゎ⊥ ぴ び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ユ∠ ヌ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ (And what ever good you send before you for yourselves, you will cert ainly find it wit h Allah, bet t er and great er in reward.) meaning, for all t hat you send before yourselves, you will get it (back) and it will be bet t er t han what you kept for yourselves in t he worldly life. Al-Hafiz Abu Ya` la Al-Mawsili report ed from Al-Harit h bin Suwayd, from ` Abdullah t hat Messenger of Allah said,

«∨͡ヮを͡ ケ͡ や∠ヱ メ ͡ ゅ∠ョ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ょ ぁ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ョ ∇ユム⊥ Αぁ ぺ∠» (Which of you hold his wealt h t o be more beloved t o him t han t he wealt h of his heir) rThey said, "O Messenger of Allah! There is not a single one of us who does not hold his wealt h t o be more beloved t o him t han t he wealt h of his heir.'' The Messenger of Allah t hen said,

«ラヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや» (Know what you are saying!) They replied, "What do we know ot her t han t his, O Messenger of Allah'' He t hen said,

«ゲｚカぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ を͡ ケ͡ や∠ヱ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩ュ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡» (The wealt h of one of you is only t hat which he sends fort h, and t he wealt h of his heir is t hat which he leaves behind.) Al-Bukhari also recorded t his Hadit h. Then Allah says,

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ (And seek forgiveness of Allah. Verily, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most -Merciful.) meaning, remember Him and seek forgiveness from Him oft en for all of your mat t ers. For verily, He is Most Forgiving, Most Merciful t o whoever seeks His forgiveness. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Muzzammil, and all praise and blessings are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Muddaththir (Chapter - 74) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

マ ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠Βを͡ ヱ∠ - ∇ゲらあム∠ プ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ヱ∠ - ∇ケグ͡ ル∠ほプ∠ ∇ユホ⊥ - ゲ⊥ あをｚギヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ - ゲ⊥ ん͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ リ⊥レ∇ヨゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ∇ゲイ ⊥ ∇ワゅ∠プ ゴ∠ ∇ィゲぁ ャや∠ヱ - ∇ゲヰあ ト ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ プ∠ - ケ͡ ヲ⊥ホゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ゲ∠ ボ͡ ル⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ - ∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プ マ ∠ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ び ゲ∃ Β͡ジΑ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ - ∀ゲΒ͡ジ∠ハ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ (1. O you enveloped in garment s!) (2. Arise and warn!) (3. And magnify your Lord!) (4. And purify your garment s!) (5. And keep away from Ar-Ruj z!) (6. And give not a t hing in order t o have more.) (7. And be pat ient for t he sake of your Lord!) (8. Then, when t he Naqur is sounded.) (9. Truly, t hat Day will be a Hard Day.) (10. Far from easy for t he disbelievers.)

The First Ayat to be revealed after ` Read! It has been confirmed in t he Sahih Al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim on t he aut horit y of Abu Salamah t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah informed him t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah speaking about t he t ime period (of t he pause in) revelat ion. The Prophet said,

͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ⇔ゎ∇ヲタ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇クま͡ ヶ͡ゼ∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠レ∇Βら∠ プ∠ » ヵ͡グャｚや マ ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや モ ∠ ら∠ ホ͡ ヵ͡ゲダ ∠ よ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇バプ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヶ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ギ͡ハゅ∠ホ ∩∠￢や∠ゲエ ͡ よ͡ ヶ͡ル￢∠ ゅ∠ィ

∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇Αヲ∠ ワ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇んゃ͡ イ ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥ヤョあ コ∠ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥ヤョあ コ∠ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ヶ͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ゃイ ͡ プ∠ :(ヴャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や) メ ∠ ゴ∠ ∇ルほ∠プ∠ .ヶ͡ルヲ⊥ヤョｚ ゴ∠ プ∠ び ∇ケグ͡ ル∠ほプ∠ ∇ユホ⊥ - ゲ⊥ あをｚギヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ まメン

び∇ゲイ ⊥ ∇ワゅ∠プぴ «ノ∠よゅ∠わゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ ⊥ ∇ェヲ∠ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ ヨ͡ ェ ∠ ｚユを⊥ (While I was walking I heard a voice from t he sky. So I lift ed my gaze t owards t he sky and saw t he same angel who had come t o me at t he cave of Hira'. He was sit t ing on a chair bet ween t he sky and t he eart h. So I fled from him (in fear) unt il I fell down t o t he ground. Then, I went t o my family and I said, ` Wrap me up, wrap me up. So, t hey wrapped me up! So Allah revealed, (O you wrapped up! Arise and warn!) unt il (And keep away) ぴHere, Abu Salamah added, ` ArRuj z means idols.'び (Aft er t his, t he revelat ion st art ed coming st rongly and frequent ly in succession.) This is t he wording of Al-Bukhari. The way t his Hadit h is narrat ed necessit at es t hat revelat ion had descended before t his. This is due t o t he Prophet 's st at ement ,

«￢や∠ゲエ ͡ よ͡ ヶ͡ル￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ヵ͡グャｚや マ ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや や∠クみ͡プ∠ » (The same angel who had come t o me at t he cave of Hira'.)'' That angel was Jibril, who had came t o him wit h Allah's st at ement ,

∇リョ͡ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ -ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ ∇ぺゲ∠ ∇ホやぴ - ユ͡ ヤ∠ボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ ン͡グャｚや - ュ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ミΙ ｘやマ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ぺゲ∠ ∇ホや - ペ ∃ ヤ∠ハ ∠ び ∇ユヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ユ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ (Read! In t he Name of your Lord Who has creat ed. He has creat ed man from a clot . Read! And your Lord is t he Most Generous. Who has t aught by t he pen. He has t aught man t hat which he knew not .) (96:1-5) Aft er t his first occurrence (in t he cave) t here was a period of t ime t hat passed, t hen t he angel descended again. Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Salamah bin ` AbdurRahman t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah informed him t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

ヶ͡ゼ∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠レ∇Βら∠ プ∠ ∩⇔りゲ∠ ∇わプ∠ ヶあレハ ∠ ヶ ⊥ ∇ェヲ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ｚユを⊥ » モ ∠ ら∠ ホ͡ ヵ͡ゲダ ∠ よ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇バプ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ⇔ゎ∇ヲタ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ∀ギ͡ハゅ∠ホ ∩ヶ͡ル￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ヵ͡グャｚや マ ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゅ⇔ホゲ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇んゃ͡ イ ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヶ ∠シ ͡ ∇ゲミ⊥ :∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ヶ͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ゃイ ͡ プ∠ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ⊥ ∇Αヲ∠ ワ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ :ヴャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゴ∠ ∇ルほ∠プ∠ ∩ヶ͡ルヲ⊥ヤョｚ ゴ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥ヤョあ コ∠ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥ヤョあ コ∠ マ ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠Βを͡ ヱ∠ - ∇ゲらあム∠ プ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ヱ∠ - ∇ケグ͡ ル∠ほプ∠ ∇ユホ⊥ - ゲ⊥ あをｚギヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び ∇ゲイ ⊥ ∇ワゅ∠プ ゴ∠ ∇ィゲぁ ャや∠ヱ - ∇ゲヰあ ト ∠ プ∠ «ノ∠よゅ∠わゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ ⊥ ∇ェヲ∠ ∇ャや ヶ ∠ ヨ͡ ェ ∠ ｚユを⊥ (Then t he revelat ion ceased coming t o me for a period of t ime.Then, while I was walking, I heard a voice from t he sky. So I lift ed my gaze t owards t he sky t o see t he same angel who had come t o me, sit t ing on a chair bet ween t he sky and t he eart h. So I fled from him a short dist ance before I fell down t o t he ground. Then I came t o my family and said t o t hem, ` Wrap me up, wrap me up! So, t hey wrapped me up! Then Allah revealed, (O you wrapped up! Arise and warn! And magnify your Lord. And purify your garment s. And keep away from Ar-Ruj z!)( Aft er t his, t he revelat ion st art ed coming st rongly and frequent ly in succession.) They bot h (AlBukhari and Muslim) recorded t his Hadit h by way of Az-Zuhri. At -Tabarani recorded from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "Verily, Al-Walid bin Al-Mughirah prepared some food for t he Quraysh. So when t hey had eat en from it he said, ` What do you have t o say about t his man' Some of t hem said, ` He is a magician.' Ot hers said, ` He is not a magician.' Then some of t hem said, ` He is a soot hsayer.' But ot hers said, ` He is not a soot hsayer.' Some of t hem said, ` He is a poet .' But ot hers said, ` He is not a poet .' Some of t hem said, ` This is magic from t hat of old.' Thus, t hey event ually all agreed t hat it was magic from ancient t imes. Then, when t his news reached t he Prophet , he became grieved, covered his head and wrapped himself up. This is when Allah revealed,

マ ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠Βを͡ ヱ∠ - ∇ゲらあム∠ プ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ヱ∠ - ∇ケグ͡ ル∠ほプ∠ ∇ユホ⊥ - ゲ⊥ あをｚギヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ - ゲ⊥ ん͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ リ⊥レ∇ヨゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ∇ゲイ ⊥ ∇ワゅ∠プ ゴ∠ ∇ィゲぁ ャや∠ヱ - ∇ゲヰあ ト ∠ プ∠ び ∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プ マ ∠ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠

(O you enveloped in garment s! Arise and warn! And magnify your Lord (Allah)! And purify your garment s! And keep away from Ar-Ruj z (t he idols)! And give not a t hing in order t o have more (or consider not your deeds of obedience t o Allah as a favour t o Him). And be pat ient for t he sake of your Lord (i.e., perf orm your dut y t o Allah)!) Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ∇ケグ͡ ル∠ほプ∠ ∇ユホ⊥ ぴ (Arise and warn!) means, prepare t o go fort h wit h zeal and warn t he people. Wit h t his t he Prophet at t ained messengership j ust as he at t ained prophet hood wit h t he first revelat ion.

び ∇ゲらあム∠ プ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And magnify your Lord!) t o declare t he great ness of Him. Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas;

び ∇ゲヰあ ト ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠Βを͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And purify your garment s!) "This means, do not let your garment s t hat you wear be from earnings t hat are unlawful.'' It has also been said, "Do not wear your clot hes in disobedience.'' Muhammad bin Sirin said,

び ∇ゲヰあ ト ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠Βを͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And purify your garment s!) "This means clean t hem wit h wat er.'' Ibn Zayd said, "The idolat ors would not clean t hemselves, so Allah commanded him t o clean himself and his garment s.'' This view was preferred by Ibn Jarir. Sa` id bin Jubayr said,

び ∇ゲヰあ ト ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠Βを͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And purify your garment s!) "This means purify your heart and your int ent ions.'' Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi and Al-Hasan Al-Basri bot h said, "And beaut ify your charact er.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ∇ゲイ ⊥ ∇ワゅ∠プ ゴ∠ ∇ィゲぁ ャや∠ヱぴ (And keep away from Ar-Ruj z!) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, "Ar-Ruj z are idols, so keep away from t hem.'' Similar t o t his was said by Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Qat adah, AzZuhri and Ibn Zayd, "Verily, it is t he idols.'' This is like Allah's st at ement ,

リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ノ͡ ト ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ペ ͡ ゎｚ や ヴ あ ら͡ レｚ ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び∠リΒ͡ボ͡ヘ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ

(O Prophet ! have Taqwa of Allah, and obey not t he disbelievers and t he hypocrit es.) (33:1) and Allah's st at ement ,

ヴ͡ョ∇ヲ∠ホ ヴ͡プ ヴ͡レ∇ヘヤ⊥∇カや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワ ヮ͡ Β͡カΙ ６ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び∠リΑ͡ギジ ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや モ ∠ Β͡らシ ∠ ∇ノら͡ わｚ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ウヤ͡∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ (And Musa said t o his brot her Harun: "Replace me among my people, act well and follow not way of t he corrupt ers.'') (7:142) Then Allah says,

び ゲ⊥ ん͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ リ⊥レ∇ヨゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And give not a t hing in order t o have more.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "Do not give any gift seeking t o get (back in ret urn) more t han it .'' Khusayf report ed from Muj ahid;

び ゲ⊥ ん͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ リ⊥レ∇ヨゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And give not a t hing (Tamnun) in order t o have more.) "Do not slacken in seeking more good. Tamnun in t he language of t he Arabs means t o become weak.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プ マ ∠ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And be pat ient for t he sake of your Lord!) meaning, make your pat ience wit h t heir harms be for t he Face of your Lord, t he Might y and Maj est ic. This was st at ed by Muj ahid. Ibrahim AnNakha` i said, "Be pat ient in your giving for t he sake of Allah, t he Might y and Maj est ic.''

Reminding of the Day of Judgement Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

- ∀ゲΒ͡ジ∠ハ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ プ∠ - ケ͡ ヲ⊥ホゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ゲ∠ ボ͡ ル⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ び ゲ∃ Β͡ジΑ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (Then, when t he Naqur is sounded. Truly, t hat Day will be a Hard Day -- far from easy for t he disbelievers) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Ash-Sha` bi, Zayd bin Aslam, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd, all said,

び͡ケヲ⊥ホゅｚレャやぴ

(Naqur) "It is t he Trumpet .'' Muj ahid said, "It is in t he shape of a horn.'' Ibn Abi Hat im narrat ed t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Ashaj t old t hem t hat Asbat bin Muhammad relat ed t o t hem from Mut arrif, from ` At iyah Al-` Awfi, from Ibn ` Abbas,

び ケ͡ ヲ⊥ホゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ゲ∠ ボ͡ ル⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (Then, when t he Trumpet is sounded.) The Messenger of Allah said,

ラ ∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ ホ∠ ラ ͡ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ェ ͡ ゅ∠タヱ∠ ユ⊥ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ » «∨⊥オヘ⊥ ∇レ∠Β∠プ ゲ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヴ∠わョ∠ ゲ⊥ ヌ ͡ わ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ヰ∠ ∇らィ ∠ ヴ∠レェ ∠ ヱ∠ (How can I be comfort able when t he one wit h t he horn has placed it in his mout h, leaned his forehead forward, and is wait ing t o be commanded so t hat he can blow) The Companions of t he Messenger of Allah said, "What do you command us, O Messenger of Allah'' He replied,

ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∩⊥モΒ͡ミヲ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇バル͡ ヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅ∠レら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホ» «ゅ∠レ∇ヤミｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ (Say: "Allah is sufficient for us, and what an excellent Trust ee He is. We put our t rust in Allah.'') It has been recorded like t his by Imam Ahmad on t he aut horit y of Asbat . Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ∀ゲΒ͡ジ∠ハ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Truly, t hat Day will be a Hard Day.) meaning, severe.

び ゲ∃ Β͡ジΑ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (Far from easy for t he disbelievers.) meaning, it will not be easy for t hem. This is as Allah says,

び∀ゲジ ͡ハ ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒ム∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ (The disbelievers will say: "This a Hard Day.'') (54:8) We have report ed from Zurarah bin Awfa, t he j udge of Al-Basrah, t hat he lead t he people in t he morning prayer and he recit ed t his Surah. Then, when he reached Allah's st at ement ,

- ∀ゲΒ͡ジ∠ハ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠Α グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ プ∠ - ケ͡ ヲ⊥ホゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ゲ∠ ボ͡ ル⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ び ゲ∃ Β͡ジΑ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (Then, when t he Naqur is sounded. Truly, t hat Day will be a Hard Day -- far from easy for t he disbelievers.) he made a moaning sound and t hen he fell down dead. May Allah have mercy on him.

Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ギΒ͡ェヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ル∇ケク∠ ぴ ｚユを⊥ - や⇔ギΒ͡ヰ∇ヨゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ れ ぁ ギｚヰョ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔キヲ⊥ヰセ ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡レよ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔キヱ⊥ギ∇ヨョｚ - や⇔ギΒ͡レハ ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ ラゅミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ - ギ∠ Α͡コぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇トΑ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ モ ∠ わ͡ ボ⊥ プ∠ - ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ムｚ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ - や⇔キヲ⊥バタ ∠ ヮ⊥ ボ⊥ ワ͡ ∇ケほ⊥シ ∠ ザ ∠ ら∠ ハ ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ ル∠ ｚユを⊥ - ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ モ ∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ ｚユを⊥ - ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ - ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ゲ∠ よ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ゲ∠ ジ ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ヤ∇タほ⊥シ ∠ - ゲ͡ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ - ゲ⊥ を∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ び ケ⊥ グ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ボ∇らゎ⊥ Ι ∠ - ゲ⊥ ボ∠ シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ - ゲ∠ ボ∠ シ ∠ び-ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ハ ∠ る∠ バ∠ ∇ジゎ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ -ゲ͡ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ∇ヤャ∂ ∀る∠ェやｚヲ∠ャ (11. Leave Me alone (t o deal) wit h whom I creat ed lonely.) (12. And t hen grant ed him resources in abundance.) (13. And children at t ending.) (14. And made life smoot h and comfort able for him.) (15. Aft er all t hat he desires t hat I should give more.) (16. Nay! Verily, he has been opposing Our Ayat .) (17. I shall force him t o Sa` ud!) (18. Verily, he t hought and plot t ed.) (19. So let him be cursed, how he plot t ed!) (20. And once more let him be cursed, how he plot t ed!) (21. Then he t hought .) (22. Then he frowned and he looked in a bad t empered way;) (23. Then he t urned back, and was proud.) (24. Then he said: "This is not hing but magic from t hat of old,) (25. "This is not hing but t he word of a human being!'') (26. I will cast him int o Saqar.) (27. And what will make you know (exact ly) what Saqar is) (28. It spares not , nor does it leave (anyt hing)!) (29. Scorching for t he humans!) (30. Over it are ninet een.)

A Threat for Whoever claims that the Qur'an is Magic

Allah t hreat ens t his wicked person whom He has favored wit h t he blessings of t his world, yet he is ungrat eful for t he blessings of Allah and he meet s t hem wit h disbelief (in Allah) and rej ect ion of His Ayat . He invent s lies against Allah's Ayat and claims t hat t hey are t he words of a man. Allah recount s t o him His favors upon him when He says,

び や⇔ギΒ͡ェヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ル∇ケク∠ ぴ (Leave Me alone (t o deal) wit h whom I creat ed lonely.) meaning, he came out of t he womb of his mot her alone, wit hout any wealt h or children. Then, Allah provided him wit h

び⇔やキヱ⊥ギ∇ヨョｚ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ョぴ (resources in abundance.) meaning, vast and abundant . Allah t hen made for him,

び や⇔キヲ⊥ヰセ ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡レよ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And children at t ending.) Muj ahid said, "They are not absent .'' This means t hat t hey are present wit h him. They do not t ravel for business and t rade. Rat her, t heir servant s and hired workers handle all of t hat for t hem while t hey are sit t ing wit h t heir fat her. He enj oys t heir company and delight s in being wit h t hem.

び や⇔ギΒ͡ヰ∇ヨゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ れ ぁ ギｚヰ∠ョ∠ヱぴ (And made life smoot h and comfort able for him.) meaning, ` I made possible for him t o amass wealt h, luxuries and ot her t han t hat .'

び や⇔ギΒ͡レハ ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘ ラゅミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ - ギ∠ Α͡コぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇トΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Aft er all t hat he desires t hat I should give more. Nay! Verily, he has been opposing Our Ayat .) meaning, obst inat e. This refers t o his ungrat efulness for his blessings aft er knowing (t hese blessings). Allah says,

び や⇔キヲ⊥バタ ∠ ヮ⊥ ボ⊥ ワ͡ ∇ケほ⊥シ ∠ぴ (I shall force him t o Sa` ud!) Qat adah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "Sa` ud is a rock in Hell t hat t he disbeliever will be dragged across on his face.'' As-Suddi said, "Sa` ud is a slippery rock in Hell t hat he will be forced t o climb.'' Muj ahid said,

び や⇔キヲ⊥バタ ∠ ヮ⊥ ボ⊥ ワ͡ ∇ケほ⊥シ ∠ぴ (I shall force him t o Sa` ud!) "This is a harsh port ion of t he t orment .'' Qat adah said, "It is a t orment t hat cont ains no relaxat ion (break for relief).'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ムｚ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, he t hought and plot t ed.) meaning, ` We only caused him t o face t he grievous t orment of Sa` ud, t hat is Our bringing him close t o t he harsh t orment , because he was far away from fait h.' This was because he t hought and plot t ed, meaning he cont emplat ed what he should say about t he Qur'an when he was asked about it . So he deliberat ed over what st at ement he should invent against it .

び∠ケギｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and plot t ed.) meaning, he cont emplat ed.

び ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ モ ∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ ｚユを⊥ - ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ モ ∠ わ͡ ボ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (So let him be cursed, how he plot t ed! And once more let him be cursed, how he plot t ed!) This is a supplicat ion against him.

び ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ ル∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then he t hought .) meaning, he t hought again and deliberat ed.

び∠ザら∠ ハ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then he frowned) meaning, he cont ract ed his eyebrows t oget her and frowned.

び∠ゲジ ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and he looked in a bad t empered way.) meaning, he scowled and was disgust ed. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ゲ∠ よ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then he t urned back, and was proud.) meaning, he t urned away from t he t rut h and arrogant ly refused t o accept and submit t o t he Qur'an.

び ゲ⊥ を∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ (Then he said: "This is not hing but magic from t hat of old.'') meaning, ` t his is magic t hat Muhammad received from t hose who were before him, and he is merely saying what he got from t hem.' This is why he said,

び ゲ͡ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ へ∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ぴ (This is not hing but t he word of a human being!) meaning, it is not t he Words of Allah. The person who is ment ioned in t his discussion is Al-Walid bin Al-Mughirah Al-Makhzumi. He was one of t he chiefs of t he Quraysh -- may Allah curse him. Among t he narrat ions about t his is what was report ed by Al-` Awfi from Ibn ` Abbas. He (Ibn ` Abbas) said, "Al-Walid bin Al-Mughirah ent ered t he house of Abu Bakr bin Abi Quhafah and asked him about t he Qur'an. When Abu Bakr informed him about it , he left and went t o t he Quraysh saying, ` What a great t hing t his is t hat Ibn Abi Kabshah is saying. I swear by Allah t hat it is not poet ry, nor magic, nor t he prat t ling of insanit y. Verily, his speech is from t he Words of Allah!' So when a group of t he Quraysh heard t his t hey gat hered and said, ` By Allah, if Al-Walid convert s (t o Islam) all of t he Quraysh will convert .' When Abu Jahl bin Hisham heard t his he said, ` By Allah, I will deal wit h him for you.' So he went t o Al-Walid's house and ent ered upon him. He said t o Al-Walid, ` Don't you see t hat your people are collect ing charit y for you' Al-Walid replied, ` Don't I have more wealt h and children t han t hey do' Abu Jahl answered, ` They are saying t hat you only went t o Ibn Abi Quhafah's house so t hat you can get some of his f ood.' Al-Walid t hen said, ` Is t his what my t ribe is saying Nay, by Allah, I am not seeking t o be close t o Ibn Abi Quhafah, nor ` Umar, nor Ibn Abi Kabshah. And his speech is only inherit ed magic of old.' So Allah revealed t o His Messenger ,

び や⇔ギΒ͡ェヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ル∇ケク∠ ぴ (Leave me alone wit h whom I creat ed lonely.) unt il His st at ement ,

び ケ⊥ グ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ボ∇らゎ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (It spares not , nor does it leave (anyt hing)!)'' Qat adah said, "They claim t hat he (Al-Walid) said, ` By Allah, I t hought about what t he man says, and it is not poet ry. Verily, it has a sweet ness and it is t ruly elegant . Verily, it is exalt ed and it is not overcome. And I have no doubt t hat it is magic.' So Allah revealed,

び ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ モ ∠ わ͡ ボ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (So let him be cursed, how he plot t ed!)

び ゲ∠ ジ ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ ザ ∠ ら∠ ハ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then he frowned and he looked in a bad t empered way.) He cont ract ed his eyes t oget her and scowled.'' Allah says,

び ゲ∠ ボ∠ シ ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ヤ∇タほ⊥シ ∠ぴ (I will cast him int o Saqar.) meaning, ` I will engulf him in it from all his sides.' Then Allah says,

び ゲ⊥ ボ∠ シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And what will make you know (exact ly) what Saqar is) This is t o give fright and emphasis t o it s mat t er. Then Allah explains t his by His saying,

び ゲ⊥ ボ∠ シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (It spares not , nor does it leave (anyt hing)!) meaning, it eat s t heir flesh, veins, nerves and t heir skins. Then t heir organs will be changed int o somet hing else. They will remain in t his (form), not living or dying. This was st at ed by Ibn Buraydah, Abu Sinan and ot hers. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ゲ͡ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ∇ヤャあ ∀るェ ∠ やｚヲャ∠ぴ (Scorching for t he humans!) Muj ahid said, "This means for t he skin.'' Qat adah said,

び ゲ͡ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ∇ヤャあ ∀るェ ∠ やｚヲャ∠ぴ (Scorching for t he humans!) "This means burning t he skin.'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "Burning t he skin of man.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ハ ∠ る∠ バ∠ ∇ジゎ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ぴ (Over it are ninet een.) meaning, t he first of t he guardians of Hell. They are magnificent in (t heir appearance) and harsh in t heir charact er.

ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ る⇔ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ べ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ボ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ギｚ ハ ͡ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キ∠ や∠キ∇ゴΑ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ へ∠クゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや∠ヱ ∀チ∠ゲョｚ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ぁモツ ͡ Α⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ キ∠ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠

ウ ͡ ∇らダ ぁ ャや∠ヱ - ゲ∠ よ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ∇クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱ - ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ Κ ｚ ミ∠ - ゲ͡ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ∇ヤャ͡ - ゲ͡ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ∇ヤャあ や⇔ゲΑ͡グル∠ - ゲ͡ ら∠ ム⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ギ∇ェ͡Η ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ - ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇シぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ び ゲ∠ カ ｚ ほ∠わ∠ Α∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ュ∠ ギｚ ボ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ヨャ͡ (31. And We have set none but angels as guardians of t he Fire. And We have fixed t heir number only as a t rial for t he disbelievers, in order t hat t he People of t he Script ure may arrive at a cert aint y and t hat t he believers may increase in fait h, and t hat no doubt may be left for t he People of t he Script ure and t he believers, and t hat t hose in whose heart s is a disease and t he disbelievers may say: "What does Allah int end by t his example'' Thus Allah leads ast ray whom He wills and guides whom He wills. And none can know t he host s of your Lord but He. And t his is not hing but a reminder t o mankind.) (32. Nay! And by t he moon.) (33. And by t he night when it wit hdraws.) (34. And by t he dawn when it bright ens.) (35. Verily, it is but one of t he great est (signs).) (36. A warning t o mankind) (37. To any of you t hat chooses t o go forward, or t o remain behind.)

The Number of Guardians of Hell and what the Disbelievers said about that Allah says,

び͡ケゅｚレャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ べ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We have set none as (Ashab) guardians of t he Fire) meaning, it s guardians.

び⇔るム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (but angels.) Guardian angels, st ern and severe. This is a refut at ion of t he idolat ors of t he Quraysh when t hey ment ioned t he number of guardian angels. Abu Jahl said, "O people of Quraysh! Are not every t en among you able t o defeat one of t hem'' So Allah said,

び⇔るム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ べ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We have set none but angels as guardians of t he Fire.) meaning, ext remely st rong in t heir creat ion. They cannot be st ood against nor defeat ed. It has been said t hat Abu Al-Ashaddayn, and his name was Kaladah bin Usayd bin Khalaf, said, "O people of Quraysh! You defend me against t wo of t hem and I will defend you against sevent een of t hem.'' He said t his t hinking himself t o be very great . For t hey claimed t hat he achieved such st rengt h t hat he would st and on a skin of cow hide and t en people would t ry t o pull it out from under his feet , but t he skin would be t orn t o pieces and st ill not be removed from under him. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ギｚ ハ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(And We have fixed t heir number only as a t rial for t he disbelievers,) meaning, ` We only have ment ioned t heir number as being ninet een as a t est from Us for mankind.'

び∠ょ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ボ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ (In order t hat t he People of t he Script ure may arrive at a cert aint y) meaning, so t hat t hey may know t hat t his Messenger is t rue. For he speaks according t o t he same t hing t hat t hey have wit h t hem of heavenly revealed Script ures t hat came t o t he Prophet s before him. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔ゅレ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キ∠ や∠キ∇ゴΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat t he believers may increase in fait h.) meaning, t o t heir fait h. This is due t o what t hey wit ness from t he t rut hfulness of t he informat ion of t heir Prophet , Muhammad .

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∀チゲ∠ ョｚ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ (and t hat no doubt may be left for t he People of t he Script ure and t he believers, and t hat t hose in whose heart s is a disease) meaning, among t he hypocrit es.

び⇔Κん∠ ョ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ へ∠クゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや∠ヱぴ (and t he disbelievers may say: "What does Allah int end by t his example'') meaning, t hey say, "What is t he wisdom in ment ioning t his here'' Allah says,

び⊥￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ぁモツ ͡ Α⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Thus Allah leads ast ray whom He wills and guides whom He wills.) meaning, by way of examples like t his, fait h becomes firm in t he heart s of some people and it is shaken wit h ot hers. This has a profound wisdom and it is an irrefut able proof. None knows t he Soldiers of Allah except Him Allah says,

び∠ヲワ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ キ∠ ヲ⊥レィ ⊥ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And none can know t he host s of your Lord but He.) meaning, none knows t heir number and t heir count except Allah. This is so t hat one does not make t he mist ake of t hinking t hat t hey are only ninet een in all. It has been confirmed in t he Hadit h concerning Al-Isra' t hat is report ed in t he Two Sahihs and ot her collect ions, t hat t he Messenger of Allah said in describing t he Frequent ed House (Al-Bayt Al-Ma` mur), which is in t he sevent h heaven,

ゅ∠ャ マ ∃ ヤ∠ョ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ∇らシ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ あモミ⊥ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ » «ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゲ∠ カ ͡ へ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キヲ⊥バΑ∠ (Sevent y t housand angels ent er int o it every day and t hey do not ret urn t o it as it is all t hat is due upon t hem (one visit in t heir lifet ime).) Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ゲゼ ∠ ら∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t his is not hing but a reminder t o mankind.) Muj ahid and ot hers said,

び∠ヴワ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t his is not .) "This means t he Hellfire which has been described.''

び͡ゲ∠ゼら∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (but a reminder t o mankind. ) Then Allah says,

び ゲ∠ よ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ∇クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱ - ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay! And by t he moon. And by t he night when it wit hdraws.) meaning, when it wit hdraws.

び ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇シぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ウ ͡ ∇らダ ぁ ャや∠ヱぴ (And by t he dawn when it bright ens.) meaning, when it shines.

び ゲ͡ ら∠ ム⊥ ∇ャや ン∠ギ∇ェ͡Η ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, it is but one of t he great est (signs).) meaning, t he great t hings. This refers t o t he Hellfire. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak and ot hers of t he Salaf, all said t his.

ゲ∠ カ ｚ ほ∠わ∠ Α∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ュ∠ ギｚ ボ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ヨャ͡ - ゲ͡ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ∇ヤャあ や⇔ゲΑ͡グル∠ ぴ び (A warning t o mankind -- t o any of you t hat chooses t o go forward, or t o remain behind.) meaning, for whoever wishes t o accept t he warning and be guided t o t he t rut h, or hold back from accept ing it , t urn away from it and rej ect it .

ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ∀るレ∠ Β͡ワケ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ -リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジわ∠ Α∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヴ͡プ - ͡リΒ͡ヨ∠Β∇ャや -リ ∠ Βあヤダ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ⊥ ル∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ゲ∠ ボ∠ シ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ム∠ ヤ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ノ∠ ョ∠ チ ⊥ ヲ⊥ガル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ バ͡ ∇トル⊥ マ ⊥ ル∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ⇒∠ゎぺ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ -リ ͡ Αあギャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ よ͡ ゆ ⊥ あグム∠ ル⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ツも͡ べ∠ガャ⊥や ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡バヘ͡ ⇒ｚゼャや る⊥ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘセ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ - リ ⊥ Β͡ボΒ∠ ∇ャや - り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ レ∠わ∇ジョぁ ∀ゲヨ⊥ ェ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ッゲ͡ ∇バョ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グわｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや ぁモミ⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ∇モよ∠ - り∃ ケ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ジホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇れゲｚ プ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガΑ∠ Ι ｚ モ∠よ Κ ｚ ミ∠ - り⇔ ゲ∠ ゼ ｚ レ∠ ョぁ ゅ⇔ヘ⊥エタ ⊥ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ミ∠ ク∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ヨプ∠ - り∀ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ び り͡ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや (38. Every person is a pledge for what he has earned,) (39. Except t hose on t he Right .) (40. In Gardens t hey will ask one anot her,) (41. About criminals (and t hey will say t o t hem):) (42. "What has caused you t o ent er Hell'') (43. They will say: "We were not of t hose who used t o offer t he Salah,'') (44. "Nor did we feed t he poor;'') (45. "And we used t o speak falsehood wit h vain speakers.'') (46. "And we used t o deny t he Day of Recompense,'') (47. "Unt il Al-Yaqin came t o us.'') (48. So no int ercession of int ercessors will be of any use t o t hem.) (49. Then what is wrong wit h t hem t hat t hey t urn away from admonit ion) (50. As if t hey were wild donkeys.) (51. Fleeing from a Qaswarah.) (52. Nay, everyone of t hem desires t hat he should be given pages spread out .) (53. Nay! But t hey fear not t he Hereaft er.) (54. Nay, verily, t his is an admonit ion.) (55. So, whosoever wills receives admonit ion from it !) (56. And t hey will not receive admonit ion unless Allah wills; He is t he One, deserving of t he Taqwa and He is t he One Who forgives.)

What will take place in the Discussion between the People of Paradise and the People of the Hellfire Allah informs t hat ,

び ∀るレ∠ Β͡ワケ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ (Every person is a pledge for what he has earned,) meaning, bound t o his deed on t he Day of Judgement . Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers have said t his.

びリ ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except t hose on t he Right .) For verily, t hey will be

びリ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジわ∠ Α∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヴ͡プぴ (In Gardens t hey will ask one anot her, about criminals (and t hey will say t o t hem)) meaning, while t hey are in loft y rooms t hey will ask t he criminals, who will be in t he lowest levels (of Hell), saying t o t hem,

-リ ∠ Βあヤダ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ⊥ ル∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - ゲ∠ ボ∠ シ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ム∠ ヤ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ユ⊥ バ͡ ∇トル⊥ マ ⊥ ル∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ("What has caused you t o ent er Hell'' They will say: "We were not of t hose who used t o offer t he Salah, nor did we feed t he poor.'') meaning, ` we did not worship Allah, nor did we do good t o His creat ures of our own species (i.e., ot her people).'

びリ ∠ Β͡ツも͡ べ∠ガャ⊥や ノ∠ ョ∠ チ ⊥ ヲ⊥ガル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And we used t o speak falsehood wit h vain speakers.) meaning, ` we used t o speak about what we had no knowledge of.' Qat adah said, "It means t hat every t ime someone went ast ray we would go ast ray wit h t hem.''

びリ ⊥ Β͡ボΒ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ⇒∠ゎぺ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ -リ ͡ Αあギャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ よ͡ ゆ ⊥ あグム∠ ル⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And we used t o deny t he Day of Recompense, unt il t he cert aint y (Al-Yaqin) came t o us.) meaning, deat h. This is as Allah says,

びリ ⊥ Β͡ボΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ∇ギら⊥ ∇ハや∠ヱぴ (And worship your Lord unt il t here comes unt o you t he cert aint y.) (15:99) The Messenger of Allah said,

ロ⊥ ￢∠ ゅィ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ラヲバヌョ リよ ラゅヨんハ ヶレバΑ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅｚョぺ∠» «ヮあよケ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ⊥ Β͡ボΒ∠ ∇ャや (Concerning him verily, Al-Yaqin (deat h) came t o him from his Lord.)'' Allah t hen says,

びリ ∠ Β͡バヘ͡ ⇒ｚゼャや る⊥ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘセ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠ゎ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (So no int ercession of int ercessors will be of any use t o t hem.) meaning, whoever has t hese charact erist ics, t hen t he int ercession of whoever t ries t o int ercede for him will be of no benefit on t he Day of Judgement . This is because int ercession is only useful if t he condit ions for it are met . However, whoever comes before Allah as a disbeliever on t he Day of Judgement , t hen he will get t he Hellfire and t here is no way of avoiding it . He will abide in it (Hell) forever.

The Disapproval of the Disbelievers' Rejection and Their Position Then Allah says,

びリ ∠ Β͡ッゲ͡ ∇バョ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グわｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (Then what is wrong wit h t hem t hat t hey t urn away from admonit ion) meaning, ` what is wrong wit h t hese disbelievers who are t urning away from what you are calling t hem t o and reminding t hem of'

び り∃ ケ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ジホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇れゲｚ プ∠ - り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ レ∠わ∇ジョぁ ∀ゲヨ⊥ ェ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ぴ (As if t hey were wild donkeys. Fleeing from a Qaswarah.) meaning, as if t hey were fleeing from t he t rut h and t urning away from it , like a wild donkey when it flees from somet hing t hat is t rying t o cat ch it , like a lion. This was said by Abu Hurayrah. Hammad bin Salamah report ed from ` Ali bin Zayd who report ed from Yusuf bin Mihran who narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "It (Qaswarah) is t he lion in t he Arabic language. It is called Qaswarah in t he Abyssinian language, Sher in t he Persian language and Awba in t he Nabt iyyah (Nabat ean) language.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

ゅ⇔ヘ⊥エタ ⊥ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや ぁモミ⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ び り⇔ ゲ∠ ゼ ｚ レ∠ ョぁ (Nay, everyone of t hem desires t hat he should be given pages spread out .) meaning, each one of t hese idolat ors want s t o have a book revealed t o him as Allah revealed t o t he Prophet . Muj ahid and ot hers have said t his. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽル⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∀る∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや モ ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ べ∠ョ モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ び⊥ヮ∠わ∠ャゅ∠シ͡ケ (And when t here comes t o t hem a sign t hey say: "We shall not believe unt il we receive t he like of t hat which t he Messengers of Allah had received.'' Allah knows best wit h whom t o place His Message.) (6:124) It is report ed in a narrat ion from Qat adah t hat he said, "They want t o be declared innocent (on t he Day of Judgement ) wit hout having t o do any deeds.'' Then Allah says,

び り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガΑ∠ Ι ｚ モ∠よ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay! But t hey fear not t he Hereaft er.) meaning, t hey were only corrupt ed by t heir lack of fait h in it and t heir rej ect ion of it s occurrence.

The Qur'an is a Reminder Then Allah says,

び り∀ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay, verily, t his is an admonit ion.) meaning, t ruly t he Qur'an is a reminder.

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ミ∠ ク∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ヨ∠プぴ (So, whosoever wills receives admonit ion (from it )! And t hey will not receive admonit ion unless Allah wills;) This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ゼゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And you cannot will unless Allah wills.) (81:29) Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び͡りゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He is t he One, deserving t he Taqwa and He is t he One Who forgives.) This means t hat He deserves t o be feared and He is eligible t o forgive t he sin of whoever t urns t o Him and repent s. This was said by Qat adah. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Muddat ht hir, all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah. ffer t he Salah, nor did we feed t he poor.'') meaning, ` we did not worship Allah, nor did we do good t o His creat ures of our own species (i.e., ot her people).'

びリ ∠ Β͡ツも͡ べ∠ガャ⊥や ノ∠ ョ∠ チ ⊥ ヲ⊥ガル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And we used t o speak falsehood wit h vain speakers. peakersieA ワ The Qur'an is a Reminder Then Allah says,

び り∀ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay, verily, t his is an admonit ion.) meaning, t ruly t he Qur'an is a reminder.

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ミ∠ ク∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ヨ∠プぴ (So, whosoever wills receives admonit ion (from it )! And t hey will not receive admonit ion unless Allah wills;) This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ゼゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And you cannot will unless Allah wills.) (81:29) Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び͡りゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ (He is t he One, deserving t he Taqwa and He is t he One Who forgives.) This means t hat He deserves t o be feared and He is eligible t o forgive t he sin of whoever t urns t o Him and repent s. This was said by Qat adah. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Muddat ht hir, all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Qiyamah (Chapter - 75) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

る͡ ョ∠ やｚヲヤｚャや ザ ͡ ∇ヘレｚ ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ - ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヌハ ͡ ノ∠ ヨ∠ ∇イルｚ リｚャぺ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ょ ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぺ∠ -

リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ∇モよ∠ - ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠レよ∠ ン ∠ ヲあ ジ ∠ ルぁ ラ∠ぺ ヴヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ケギ͡ ⇒∠ホ ベ ∠ ゲ͡ よ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ - る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅｚΑぺ∠ モ ⊥ ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ - ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ ゲ∠ イ ⊥ ∇ヘΒ∠ ャ͡ ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや ノ∠ ヨ͡ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ - ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ブ ∠ ジ ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ - ゲ⊥ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや - ケ∠ コ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ - ゲぁ ヘ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ グ͡ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ほ⊥ｚらレ∠ Α⊥ - ゲぁ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ - ∀り∠ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや モ ͡ よ∠ - ゲ∠ カ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ び ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α͡クゅ∠バョ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ (1. Nay! I swear by t he Day of Resurrect ion.) (2. And nay! I swear by An-Nafs Al-Lawwamah.) (3. Does man t hink t hat We shall not assemble his bones) (4. Yes, We are able t o put t oget her in perfect order t he t ips of his fingers.) (5. Nay! Man desires t o break out ahead of himself.) (6. He asks: "When will be t his Day of Resurrect ion'') (7. So, when Bariqa t he sight .) (8. And t he moon will be eclipsed.) (9. And t he sun and moon will be j oined t oget her.) (10. On t hat Day man will say: "Where (is t he refuge) t o flee'') (11. No! There is no refuge!) (12. Unt o your Lord will be t he place of rest t hat Day.) (13. On t hat Day man will be informed of what he sent forward, and what he left behind.) (14. Nay! Man will be well informed about himself,) (15. Though he may put fort h his

The Oath about the Final Return on the Day of Resurrection and the Refutation against the Plots of the Thinkers It has been ment ioned previously on more t han one occasion t hat if t he t hing t hat is being sworn about is somet hing t hat is being negat ed, t hen it is permissible t o use t he word "La'' (Nay) before t he oat h t o emphasize t he negat ion. Here, what is being sworn about is t he affirmat ion of t he final abode and t he refut at ion against t he claim of t he ignorant t hat t he resurrect ion of bodies will not occur. This is why Allah says,

る͡ ョ∠ やｚヲヤｚャや ザ ͡ ∇ヘレｚ ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ び (Nay! I swear by t he Day of Resurrect ion. And nay! I swear by An-Nafs Al-Lawwamah.) Qat adah said, "This means, I swear by bot h of t hese t hings.'' This has also been report ed from Ibn ` Abbas and Sa` id bin Jubayr. Concerning t he Day of Judgement , it is well known what it is. In reference t o An-Nafs Al-Lawwamah, Qurrah bin Khalid report ed from Al-Hasan Al-Basri t hat he said about t his Ayah, "Verily, by Allah, we t hink t hat every believer blames himself. He says (quest ioning himself), ` What did I int end by my st at ement What did I int end by my eat ing What did I int end in what I said t o myself' However, t he sinner proceeds ahead and he does not

blame himself.'' Ibn Jarir recorded from Sa` id bin Jubayr t hat he said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び る͡ ョ∠ やｚヲヤｚャや ザ ͡ ∇ヘレｚ ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And nay! I swear by An-Nafs Al-Lawwamah) "He crit icizes himself in good and bad.'' Similar has been report ed from ` Ikrimah. Ibn Abi Naj ih report ed from Muj ahid: "He is sorry for what he missed (of good deeds) and he blames himself for it .'' Allah said;

び ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヌハ ͡ ノ∠ ヨ∠ ∇イルｚ リｚャぺ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ょ ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Does man t hink t hat We shall not assemble his bones) meaning, ` on t he Day of Judgement does he t hink t hat We are not able t o ret urn his bones and gat her t hem from t heir various places'

び ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠レよ∠ ン ∠ ヲあ ジ ∠ ルぁ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ケギ͡ ⇒∠ホ ヴ∠ヤ∠よぴ (Yes, We are able t o put t oget her in perfect order t he t ips of his fingers.) meaning, ` does man t hink t hat We will not gat her his bones Surely, We will gat her t hem and We are quit e able t o put t oget her his fingert ips. This means Our power is suit able t o gat her (and recreat e) t hem, and if We wished We could surely resurrect him wit h more t han what he originally had. We could make his Banan, which are t he t ips of his fingers, all equal (in lengt h).' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ ゲ∠ イ ⊥ ∇ヘΒ∠ ャ͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay! Man desires t o break out ahead of himself .) Sa` id report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "This means t o proceed forward.'' Muj ahid said about ,

び⊥ヮョ∠ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ ゲ∠ イ ⊥ ∇ヘΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ (t o break out ahead of himself.) "This means t hat he want s t o proceed ahead following his own whims.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "This refers t o t he disbeliever who denies t he Day of Reckoning.'' Ibn Zayd said t he same t hing. Thus, Allah says aft er t his,

び る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅｚΑぺ∠ モ ⊥ ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ ぴ (He asks: "When will be t his Day of Resurrect ion'') meaning, he says when will t he Day of Judgement be His quest ion is only a quest ion of denying it s occurrence, and rej ect ing it s exist ence. This is as Allah says,

モ⊥ホ リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま ギ⊥ ∇ハヲ∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ヴ∠わョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲガ ͡ ⇒∠わ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ｚ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠バΒあョ ユ⊥ムャｚ び ∠ラヲ⊥ョ͡ギ∇ボ∠わ∇ジ∠ゎ (And t hey say: "When is t his promise if you are t rut hful'' Say: "The appoint ment t o you is for a Day, which you cannot put back for an hour nor put forward.'') (34:29-30) Here Allah says,

び ゲ⊥ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ベ ∠ ゲ͡ よ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (So, when Bariqa t he sight .) Abu ` Amr bin Al-` Ala' recit ed t his Ayah as Bariqa wit h a Kasrah under t he let t er Ra, which means t o be diminished. That which he (Abu ` Amr) has said resembles t he st at ement of Allah,

び∇ユヰ⊥ プ⊥ ∇ゲデ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ギぁ ゎ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (Their gaze ret urning not t owards t hem.) (14:43) meaning, t hey will be looking t his way and t hat way in horror. Their gaze will not be able t o rest upon anyt hing due t o t he severit y of t he t error on t hat Day. Ot hers recit ed it as Baraqa wit h a Fat hah over t he let t er Ra, and it s meaning is close t o t he first recit at ion (Bariqa). The int ent here is t hat t he eyes will be dazzled, humbled, diminished, and humiliat ed on t he Day of Judgement due t o t he severit y of t he horrors and t he great ness of t he mat t ers t hat t hey will wit ness on t hat Day. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや ブ ∠ ジ ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he moon will be eclipsed.) meaning, it s light will go away.

び ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや ノ∠ ヨ͡ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he sun and moon will be j oined t oget her.) Muj ahid said, "They will be rolled up.'' In explaining t his Ayah, Ibn Zayd recit ed t he following Ayat ,

び ∇れケ∠ ギ∠ ム∠ ルや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥イレぁ ャや や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ - ∇れケ∠ ヲあ ミ⊥ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや や∠クま͡ぴ (When t he sun is wound round and it s light is lost and is overt hrown, and when t he st ars fall.) (81:1,2) It has been report ed from Ibn Mas` ud t hat he recit ed t he Ayah as, (∠ヱノ∠ ヨ͡ ィ ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ) (and t he sun and t he moon will be j oined bet ween each ot her.) Allah said,

び ゲぁ ヘ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ

(On t hat Day man will say:"Where (is t he refuge) t o flee'') meaning, t he human will see t hese horrors on t he Day of Judgement and he will want t o flee. He will say, "Where (is t he place) t o flee t o'' This means, where is t he escape or refuge Allah t hen says,

び ゲぁ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ - ケ∠ コ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (No! There is no refuge! Unt o your Lord will be t he place of rest t hat Day.) Ibn Mas` ud, Ibn ` Abbas, Sa` id bin Jubayr and several ot hers of t he Salaf said, "There will be no salvat ion.'' This Ayah is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び∃ゲΒ͡ムルｚ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ほ∃イ ∠ ∇ヤョｚ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (You will have no refuge on t hat Day nor t here will be for you any denying.) (42:47) meaning, ` t here will be no place for you t o hide.' This is like what Allah says here,

び∠ケコ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (There is no refuge.) meaning, ` t here will be no place for you t o seek shelt er.' Thus, Allah says,

び ゲぁ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (Unt o your Lord will be t he place of rest t hat Day.) meaning, t he place of ret urn and t he final dest inat ion. The Deeds of Man will be placed before Him on t he Day of Judgement Then Allah says,

び ゲ∠ カ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ グ͡ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ほ⊥ｚらレ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (On t hat Day man will be informed of what he sent forward, and what he left behind.) meaning, he will be informed of all of his deeds, t he old of t hem and t he recent of t hem, t he first of t hem and t he last of t hem, t he small of t hem and t he large of t hem. This is as Allah says,

マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲッ ͡ ゅ∠ェ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びや⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ (And t hey will find all t hat t hey did, placed before t hem, and your Lord t reat s no one wit h inj ust ice.) (18:49) Likewise, Allah says here,

ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - ∀り∠ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや モ ͡ よ∠ ぴ び ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α͡クゅ∠バョ∠ (Nay! Man will be well informed about himself, t hough he may put fort h his excuses.) meaning, he will be a wit ness against himself, knowing full well what he did, even t hough he will t ry t o make excuses and deny it . This is as Allah says,

び ゅ⇔らΒ͡ジェ ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ マ ∠ ら∠ ⇒∠わミ∠ ∇ぺゲ∠ ∇ホやぴ ((It will be said t o him): "Read your book. You are sufficient as a reckoner against yourself t his Day.'') ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

び ∀り∠ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや モ ͡ よ∠ ぴ (Nay! Man will be well informed about himself.) "His hearing, his sight , his t wo hands, his t wo legs and his limbs.'' Qat adah said, "This means he is a wit ness against himself.'' In anot her narrat ion from Qat adah he said, "By Allah! If you wish t o see him, you would see him as someone who sees t he short comings of t he people and t heir sins, yet he is heedless of his own sins.'' It used t o be said, "Verily, it is writ t en in t he Inj il: ` O Son of Adam, do you see t he small splint ers in t he eye of your brot her and disregard t he t ree st ump t hat is in your eye, so you do not see it ''' Muj ahid said,

び ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α͡クゅ∠バョ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Though he may put fort h his excuses.) "This means, even t hough he argues in defense of it , he is a wit ness against it .'' Qat adah said,

び ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α͡クゅ∠バョ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Though he may put fort h his excuses.) "Even t hough he will t ry t o make false excuses on t hat Day, t hey will not be accept ed from him.'' As-Suddi said,

び ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α͡クゅ∠バョ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Though he may put fort h his excuses.) "This means his argument .'' This is as Allah says,

ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥

(There will t hen be no Fit nah for t hem but t o say: "By Allah, our Lord, we were not t hose who j oined ot hers in worship wit h Allah.'') (6:23) Allah also says,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΒ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ん⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや (On t he Day when Allah will resurrect t hem all t oget her; t hen t hey will swear t o Him as t hey swear t o you (O Muslims). And t hey t hink t hat t hey have somet hing. Verily, t hey are liars!) (58:18) Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas:

び ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α͡クゅ∠バョ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (Though he may put fort h his excuses.) "This is apologizing. Haven't you heard t hat Allah said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇バョ∠ ∠リΒ͡ヨ͡ヤ⇒ｚヌャや ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ (The Day when t heir excuses will be of no profit t o wrongdoers.) (40:52) and He says,

び∠ユヤ∠ジ ｚ ャや グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will offer submision t o Allah on t hat Day.) (16:87) and He says,

び∃￢ヲ⊥シ リ͡ョ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バル∠ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ユ∠ ヤ∠ジ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ャほ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then t hey will (falsely) submit : "We used not t o do any evil.'') (16:28) and t heir st at ement ,

び∠リΒ͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (By Allah, our Lord, we were not t hose who j oined ot hers in worship wit h Allah.) (6:23)''

ヮ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヨィ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ヮ͡ よ͡ モ ∠イ ∠ ∇バわ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ジャ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ポゲあ エ ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ - ヮ⊥ ル∠ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ∇ノら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ぺゲ∠ ホ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ - ヮ⊥ ル∠ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ヱ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ - る∠ ヤ∠ィ ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇モよ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ - ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠Βよ∠

- り∀ ゲ∠ ニ ͡ ゅ∠ル ゅ∠ヰよあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ - り∀ ゲ∠ ッ ͡ ゅルｚ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ び り∀ ゲ∠ ホ͡ ゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ぁリヌ ⊥ ゎ∠ - り∀ ゲ∠ シ ͡ ゅ∠よ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヱ∠ (16. Move not your t ongue concerning t o make hast e t herewit h.) (17. It is for Us t o collect it and t hat it be recit ed.) (18. And when We have recit ed it t o you, t hen follow it s recit at ion.) (19. Then it is for Us t o make it clear.) (20. But no! Rat her you love t he present life of t his world,) (21. And neglect t he Hereaft er.) (22. Some faces t hat Day shall be Nadirah.) (23. Looking at t heir Lord.) (24. And some faces t hat Day will be Basirah,) (25. Thinking t hat some calamit y is about t o fall on t hem.)

How the Prophet received the Revelation This is Allah t eaching His Messenger how t o receive t he revelat ion from t he angel. For verily, he (t he Prophet ) was rushing in his at t empt s t o grasp t he revelat ion and he would be recit ing t he revelat ion wit h t he angel while he was recit ing it . Therefore, Allah commanded him t hat when t he angel brings some revelat ion t o him he should j ust list en. Allah would make sure t o collect it in his chest , and He would make it easy for him t o recit e it in t he same way t hat it was revealed t o him. Allah would explain it , int erpret it and clarify it for him. So t he first phase was gat hering it in his chest , t he second phase was recit at ion and t he t hird phase was it s explanat ion and clarificat ion of it s meaning. Thus, Allah says,

び ヮ͡ よ͡ モ ∠イ ∠ ∇バわ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ジャ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ポゲあ エ ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (Move not your t ongue concerning t o make hast e t herewit h.) meaning, wit h t he Qur'an. This is as Allah says,

マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ツ∇ボΑ⊥ ラ∠ま モ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ͡ や￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇モイ ∠ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び⇔ゅヨ∇ヤハ ͡ ヴ͡ル∇キコ͡ ゆ あ ケｚ モ⊥ホヱ∠ ヮ⊥ Β⊥ ∇ェヱ∠ (And be not in hast e wit h t he Qur'an before it s revelat ion is complet ed t o you, and say: "My Lord! Increase me in knowledge. '') (20:114) Then Allah says,

び⊥ヮバ∠ ∇ヨィ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (It is for Us t o collect it ) meaning, ` in your chest .'

び⊥ヮル∠ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat it be recit ed.) meaning, ` t hat you recit e it .'

び⊥ヮ⇒∠ル∇ぺゲ∠ ホ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (And when We have recit ed it t o you,) meaning, ` when t he angel has recit ed it t o you from Allah,'

び⊥ヮ∠ルや∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ∇ノら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プぴ (t hen follow it s recit at ion.) meaning, ` list en t o it t hen recit e it as he t aught you t o recit e it .'

び ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then it is for Us t o make it clear.) meaning, ` aft er memorizing it and recit ing it , We will explain it t o you, clarify it and inspire you wit h it s meaning according t o what We int ended and legislat ed.' Imam Ahmad recorded from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o st ruggle very hard t o grasp t he revelat ion and he used t o move his lips (rapidly wit h t he recit at ion). The narrat or, Sa` id, t hen said, "Ibn ` Abbas said t o me, ` I will move my lips like t he Messenger of Allah used t o move his lips (in order t o show you).''' Then, t he subnarrat or said, "And Sa` id said t o me, ` I will move my lips like I saw Ibn ` Abbas moving his lips (in order t o show you).''' Then Allah revealed,

ヮ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヨィ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ヮ͡ よ͡ モ ∠イ ∠ ∇バわ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ジャ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ポゲあ エ ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ び ヮ⊥ ル∠ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ヱ∠ (Move not your t ongue concerning t o make hast e t herewit h. It is for Us t o collect it and t hat it be recit ed.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "This means He will collect it in his chest t o recit e it .

び ヮ⊥ ル∠ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ∇ノら͡ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ぺゲ∠ ホ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (And when We have recit ed it t o you, t hen follow it s recit at ion.) meaning, list en t o it and pay at t ent ion.

び ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then it is for Us t o make it clear (t o you).) So aft er t his, when Jibril would leave, he would recit e it as Jibril had t aught him t o recit e it .'' This has also been recorded by Al-Bukhari and Muslim. Al-Bukhari's wording says, "So whenever Jibril would come t o him he would be silent , and when Jibril had left he would recit e it j ust as Allah, t he Might y and Sublime had promised him.''

The Cause of rejecting the Day of Judgement is Love of the World and Heedlessness of the Hereafter

Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ - る∠ ヤ∠ィ ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇モよ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (But no! Rat her you love t he present life of t his world. And neglect t he Hereaft er.) meaning, t he only t hing t hat has caused t hem t o rej ect t he Day of Judgement and oppose t he t rue revelat ion and t he Might y Qur'an Allah revealed t o His Messenger is t hat t heir only concern is t he present worldly life. They are preoccupied and dist ract ed from t he Hereaft er. nt , and when Jibril had left he would recit e it j ust as Allah, t he Might y and Sublime had promised him.'' sed t o move his lips (rapidly wit h t he recit at ion). The narrat or, Sa` id, t hen said, "Ibn ` Abbas said t o me, ` I will move my lips like t he Messenger of Allah used t o move his lips (in order t o show you).''' Then, t he subnarrat or said, "And Sa` id said t o me, ` I will move my lips like I saw Ibn ` Abbas moving his lips (in order t o show you).''' Then Allah revealed,

ヮ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヨィ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ヮ͡ よ͡ モ ∠イ ∠ ∇バわ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ジャ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ポゲあ エ ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ び ヮ⊥ ル∠ や∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ヱ∠ (Move not your t ongue concerning t o make hast e t herewit h. It is for Us t o collect it and t hat it be recit ed. rec?kA ? The Cause of rej ect ing t he Day of Judgement is Love of t he World and Heedlessness of t he Hereaft er Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやラ ∠ ヱケ⊥ グ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ - る∠ ヤ∠ィ ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇モよ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (But no! Rat her you love t he present life of t his world. And neglect t he Hereaft er.) meaning, t he only t hing t hat has caused t hem t o rej ect t he Day of Judgement and oppose t he t rue revelat ion and t he Might y Qur'an Allah revealed t o His Messenger is t hat t heir only concern is t he present worldly life. They are preoccupied and dist ract ed from t he Hereaft er.

Seeing Allah in the Hereafter Then Allah says,

び り∀ ゲ∠ ッ ͡ ゅｚル グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ぴ (Some faces t hat Day shall be Nadirah.) which comes from t he word Nadarah, which means splendid, radiant , glowing, delight ed wit h goodness.

び り∀ ゲ∠ ニ ͡ ゅ∠ル ゅ∠ヰよあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (Looking at t heir Lord.) meaning, t hey will see Him wit h t heir very eyes. This is j ust as was recorded by Al-Bukhari in his Sahih,

«ゅ⇔ルゅ∠Βハ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ わ∠ シ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡» (Verily, you all will see your Lord wit h your own eyes.) The believers seeing Allah in t he abode of t he Hereaft er has been confirmed in t he aut hent ic Hadit hs from numerous rout es of t ransmission wit h t he scholars of Hadit h. It is not possible t o deny t his or refuse it . Examples would be t he Hadit hs of Abu Sa` id and Abu Hurayrah, and t hey are bot h recorded in t he Two Sahihs. They bot h ment ioned t hat some people said, "O Messenger of Allah! Will we see our Lord on t he Day of Judgement '' The Prophet said,

ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや る͡ Α∠ ∇ぼケ⊥ ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱぁケゅ∠ツゎ⊥ ∇モワ∠ » «∨∀ゆゅ∠エシ ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥キ (Are you harmed by seeing t he sun and t he moon when t here are no clouds beneat h t hem) They replied, "No.'' The Prophet t hen said,

«マ͡ャグ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ » (Then you will surely see your Lord like t hat .) In t he Two Sahihs it is recorded from Jabir t hat he said, "The Messenger of Allah looked at t he moon on a night when it was full, and he said,

ラ ͡ み͡プ∠ ∩∠ゲヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや や∠グワ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡» ネ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤデ ⊥ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ り∃ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥らヤ∠∇ピゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや «やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇プゅ∠プ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや (Verily, you will see your Lord j ust as you see t his moon! So if you are able t o avoid missing a prayer before t he rising of t he sun (Faj r prayer) or before it s set t ing (` Asr prayer) t hen do so.)'' Among t he Hadit hs, which Muslim was alone in recording, is a narrat ion from Suhayb t hat t he Prophet said,

:ヴャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ や∠クま͡» ∇ヂΒあ ら∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡コぺ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨͡ケゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レイ あ レ∠ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇ギゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∨ゅ∠レワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥

∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ やヲ⊥ト∇ハぺ⊥ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∩∠ゆゅ∠イエ ͡ ∇ャや ブ ⊥ ゼ ͡ ∇ムΒ∠ プ∠ «り∠キゅ∠Αゴあ ャや ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ͡ ヌ ∠ レｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ (When t he people of Paradise ent er t he Paradise, Allah will say, ` Do you want me t o give you anyt hing ext ra' They will say, ` Haven't you whit ened our faces Haven't you ent ered us int o Paradise and saved us from t he Fire' Then He will remove t he veil and t hey will not be given anyt hing more beloved t o t hem t han looking at t heir Lord, and t hat will be t he ext ra (Ziyadah).) Then he recit ed t his Ayah,

び∀りキ∠ ゅ∠Αコ͡ ヱ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥レジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあぴ (For t hose who have done good is t he best and ext ra (Ziyadah).) (10:26) Also among t he Hadit hs, which Muslim was alone in recording, is t he Hadit h of Jabir in which t he Prophet said,

«マ∠エ∇ツΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ヴヤｚイ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» (Verily, Allah will appear before t he believers while He is laughing.) This will t ake place on t he open plains of t he Resurrect ion place. In some of t hese Hadit hs, it ment ions t hat t he believers will be looking at t heir Lord on t he open plains and some ment ion t hat t his will occur in t he Gardens of Paradise. If it were not due t o fear of t aking up a lot of space, we would present all of t hese Hadit hs wit h t heir rout es of t ransmission and wordings from t hose t hat are in t he Sahih collect ions, t he collect ions of good narrat ions, t he Musnad collect ions and t he Sunan collect ions. However, we have ment ioned t his in separat e places in t his Tafsir, and Allah is t he Giver of success. This issue is somet hing t hat t he Companions, t he Successors and t he Salaf of t his nat ion have agreed upon, and all praise is due t o Allah. It is somet hing t hat is agreed upon bet ween t he Imams of Islam and t he guides of all mankind.

Blackening of the Faces of the Disobedient People on the Day of Judgement Allah says,

り∀ ゲ∠ ホ͡ ゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ぁリヌ ⊥ ゎ∠ - り∀ ゲ∠ シ ͡ ゅ∠よ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び (And some faces t hat Day will be Basirah. Thinking t hat some calamit y is about t o fall on t hem.) These are t he faces of t he sinners t hat will be Basirah on t he Day of Judgement . Qat adah said, "This means gloomy.'' As-Suddi said, "Their (t he faces) color will change.''

びぁリヌ ⊥ ゎ∠ ぴ

(Thinking) meaning, t hey will be cert ain.

び∀りゲ∠ ホ͡ ゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺぴ (t hat some calamit y is about t o fall on t hem.) Muj ahid said, "A disast er.'' Qat adah said, "An evil.'' As-Suddi said, "They will be cert ain t hat t hey are going t o be dest royed.'' Ibn Zayd said, "They will t hink t hat t hey are going t o ent er int o t he Hellfire.'' This sit uat ion is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ キぁ ヲ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヂ ぁ Β∠ ∇らゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day when some faces will become whit e and some faces will become black.) (3:106) Similarly Allah says,

- り∀ ゲ∠ ゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジョぁ る∀ ム∠ エ ͡ ⇒∠ッ - り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ジョぁ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ぴ - り∀ ゲ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヰボ⊥ ワ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ - り∀ ゲ∠ ら∠ ビ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヱ∠ び り⊥ ゲ∠ イ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ム∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ (Some faces t hat Day will be bright . Laughing, rej oicing at t he good news. And ot her faces, t hat Day will be dust -st ained; darkness will cover t hem, such will be t he disbelieving, wicked.) (80:38-42) Allah also says,

ヴ∠ヤ∇ダゎ∠ - る∀ ら∠ タ ͡ ゅｚル る∀ ヤ∠ョ͡ ゅ∠ハ - る∀ バ∠ ゼ ͡ ⇒∠カ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ぴ び る⇔ Β∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ェ や⇔ケゅ∠ル (Some faces, t hat Day will be humiliat ed. Laboring, weary. They will ent er in t he hot blazing Fire.) (88:2-4) unt il Allah says,

る∃ レｚ ィ ∠ ヴ͡プ る∀ Β∠ ッ ͡ や∠ケ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ ∇バジ ∠ ャあ - る∀ ヨ∠ ハ ͡ ゅｚル グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ぴ び る∃ Β∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ハ ((Ot her) faces t hat Day will be j oyful. Happy wit h t heir endeavor. In a loft y Paradise.) (88:8-10) And t here are ot her similar Ayat and discussions (in t he Qur'an).

リ ｚニ ∠ ヱ∠ - ベ ∃ や∠ケ ∇リョ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ - ヴ ∠ ホ͡ や∠ゲわｚ ャや ろ ͡ ピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ や∠クま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ - ベ ͡ ゅｚジャゅ͡よ ベ ⊥ ゅｚジャや ろ ͡ ヘｚ わ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ - ベ ⊥ や∠ゲヘ͡ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ - ヴｚヤタ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ベ ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ - ベ ⊥ ゅ∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ - ヴｚトヨ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ょ ∠ ワ∠ ク∠ ｚユを⊥ - ヴｚャヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ょ ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぺ∠ - ヴ∠ャ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ ｚユを⊥ - ヴ∠ャ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ヴ ｙ レ͡ ョｚ リあョ る⇔ ヘ∠ ∇トル⊥ マ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ - ン⇔ギシ ⊥ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇わΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ - ンｚヲジ ∠ プ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠ガ ∠ プ∠ る⇔ ボ∠ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ｚユを⊥ - ヴ∠レ∇ヨΑ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ∃ ギ͡ ⇒∠ボよ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ - ヴ∠んルｙΙや∠ヱ ゲ∠ ミ∠ グｚ ャや リ ͡ ∇Βィ ∠ ∇ヱゴｚ ャや び ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ Β͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ (26. Nay, when it rea- ches t o t he collarbones.) (27. And it will be said: "Who can cure him'') (28. And he will t hink t hat it was t he part ing;) (29. And one shank will be j oined wit h anot her shank.) (30. The drive will be on t hat Day t o your Lord!) (31. So, he neit her believed nor prayed!) (32. But on t he cont rary, he denied and t urned away!) (33. Then he walked in conceit t o his family admiring himself!) (34. Woe t o you! And t hen woe t o you!) (35. Again, woe t o you! And t hen woe t o you!) (36. Does man t hink t hat he will be left neglect ed) (37. Was he not a Nut fah of semen emit t ed) (38. Then he became an ` Alaqah; t hen shaped and fashioned in due proport ion.) (39. And made of him t wo sexes, male and female.) (40. Is it not so t hen, t hat He would be able t o give life t o t he dead)

Certainty will occur at the Time of Death Allah informs of the condition at the time of death and what terrors it contains. May Allah make us firm at t hat t ime wit h t he Firm St at ement . Allah says,

びヴ ∠ ホ͡ や∠ゲわｚ ャや ろ ͡ ピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ や∠クま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay, when it reaches t o t he collarbones.) If we make t he word "Kalla'' negat ive, t hen t his Ayah means, ` O son of Adam! You are not able t o deny t hat which I informed you of at t hat t ime (deat h). This will become somet hing wit nessed by you wit h your own eyes.' If we consider t he word "Kalla'' t o be a word of affirmat ion, t hen t his would be t he most obvious meaning. In t his case it would mean t hat it is cert ainly t rue when t he soul reaches t he collarbones - meaning, ` your soul will be pulled out of your body and it will reach your collarbones.' This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠ゎ グ∃ ゃ͡ レ∠ Β͡ェ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ - ュ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇ヤエ ⊥ ∇ャや ろ ͡ ピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ や∠クま͡ Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ぴ -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ͡ ∇らゎ⊥ Ι ｚ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま べ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲゎ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レΑ͡ギョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ラ͡ま Ι ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ (Then why do you not (int ervene) when (t he soul of t he dying person) reaches t he t hroat And you at t he moment are looking on, but We are nearer t o him t han you, but you see not , t hen why do you not if you are exempt from t he reckoning and recompense, bring back t he soul, if your are t rut hful) (56:83-87) Thus, Allah similarly says here,

びベ ∃ や∠ケ ∇リョ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ - ヴ ∠ ホ͡ や∠ゲわｚ ャや ろ ͡ ピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ や∠クま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay, when it reaches t o t he collarbones. And it will be said: "Who can cure him) ` Ikrimah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "Meaning, who is t he person who recit es divine prayers of healing so t hat he may come and cure him'' Abu Qilabah made a similar st at ement when he said,

びベ ∃ や∠ケ ∇リョ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ ぴ (And it will be said: "Who can cure him) "This means who is t he doct or t hat can cure him'' Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak and Ibn Zayd all have similar st at ement s. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said concerning t he Ayah,

びベ ͡ ゅｚジャゅ͡よ ベ ⊥ ゅｚジャや ろ ͡ ヘｚ わ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And one shank will be j oined wit h anot her shank.) "This is t he last day of t he days of t his world and t he first day of t he days of t he Hereaft er. So t here will be hardships t hat will meet (more) hardships, except for he whom Allah has mercy upon.'' ` Ikrimah said,

びベ ͡ ゅｚジャゅ͡よ ベ ⊥ ゅｚジャや ろ ͡ ヘｚ わ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And one shank will be j oined wit h anot her shank.) "The great mat t er (will be j oined) wit h t he great mat t er.'' Muj ahid said, "A t est (will be j oined) wit h a t est .'' Al-Hasan Al-Basri said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びベ ͡ ゅｚジャゅ͡よ ベ ⊥ ゅｚジャや ろ ͡ ヘｚ わ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ

(And one shank will be j oined wit h anot her shank. ) "These are your t wo shins when t hey are bound t oget her.'' In anot her narrat ion from him (Al-Hasan) he said, "His t wo legs have died and t hey will not carry him while he used t o walk around on t hem.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びベ ⊥ ゅ∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (The drive will be on t hat Day t o your Lord!) meaning, t he place of ret urn and t he dest inat ion. This is t hat t he soul ascends int o t he heavens and Allah says, "Ret urn my servant t o t he eart h, for verily, I have creat ed t hem from it , I ret urn t hem int o it , and from it I will bring t hem out at anot her t ime.'' This has been report ed in t he lengt hy Hadit h of Al-Bara'. Verily, Allah says,

る⇔ ヌ ∠ ヘ∠ ェ ∠ ユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゲ⊥ ワ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レヤ⊥シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇わプｚ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ∠ ぺ∠ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱぁキケ⊥ ｚユを⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥デゲあ ヘ∠ Α⊥ びリ ∠ Β͡らジ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇ャや ネ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ ∇ムエ ⊥ ∇ャや (He is t he Irresist ible (Supreme), over His servant s, and He sends guardians over you, unt il when deat h approaches one of you, Our messengers t ake his soul, and t hey never neglect t heir dut y. Then t hey are ret urned t o Allah, t heir True Mast er. Surely, for Him is t he j udgement and He is t he swift est in t aking account .) (6:61,62)

Mentioning the Case of the Denier Allah says,

び ヴｚャヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ - ヴｚヤタ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ベ ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, he neit her believed nor prayed! But on t he cont rary, he denied and t urned away!) This is t o inform about t he disbeliever who used t o deny t he t rut h in his heart in t he abode of t his worldly life, and he used t o t urn away from act ing according t o it s way. Thus, t here is no good in him, int ernally or ext ernally. Therefore, Allah says,

ｚユを⊥ - ヴｚャヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ - ヴｚヤタ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ベ ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ び ヴｚトヨ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ょ ∠ ワ∠ ク∠ (So he neit her believed nor prayed! But on t he cont rary, he denied and t urned away! Then he walked in conceit (full pride) t o his family admiring himself!)(75:31-33) meaning, st ubborn, cruel, obst inat e, want on, lazy, having no concern and doing no deeds. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヰム͡ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らヤ∠ボ∠ ルや ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥らヤ∠ボ∠ ルや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t hey ret urned t o t heir own people, t hey would ret urn j est ing.) (83:31) Allah also says,

リｚャ ラ∠ぺ リ ｚニ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ - や⇔ケヱ⊥ゲ∇ジョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ び ケ∠ ヲ⊥エΑ∠ (Verily, he was among his people in j oy! Verily, he t hought t hat he would never come back (t o Us)!) (84:13,14) meaning, ret urn.

び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ∠ヤ∠よぴ (Yes! Verily, his Lord has been ever beholding him!) (84:15) Ad-Dahhak report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said,

び ヴｚトヨ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ょ ∠ ワ∠ ク∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then he walked in conceit t o his family admiring himself!) "This means arrogant ly.'' Qat adah and Zayd bin Aslam bot h said, "St rut t ing.'' Allah t hen says,

び ヴ∠ャ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ヴ∠ャ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Woe t o you! And t hen woe t o you! Again, woe t o you! And t hen woe t o you!) This is a definit e warning and t hreat from Allah t o t hose who disbelieve in Him and st rut about when walking. This means, ` you deserve t o st rut like t his while you have disbelieved in your Creat or and Maker.' This is what is commonly said in t his t ype of sit uat ion in order t o mock and int imidat e (someone). This is as Allah says,

び ユ⊥ Α͡ゲム∠ ∇ャや ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ マ ∠ ルｚま͡ ∇ベク⊥ ぴ (Tast e you (t his)! Verily you were (pret ending t o be) t he might y, t he generous!) (44:49) Similarly, Allah says,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ぴ (Eat and enj oy yourselves for a lit t le. Verily, you are criminals.) (77:46) Allah also says,

び͡ヮル͡ ヱ⊥キ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プぴ

(So worship what you like besides Him.) (39:15) And like Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ ͡ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハやぴ (Do what you will.) (41:40) There are ot her examples of t his as well. Abu ` Abdur-Rahman AnNasa'i recorded from Sa` id bin Jubayr t hat he said, "I ment ioned t o Ibn ` Abbas,

び ヴ∠ャ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ヴ∠ャ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Woe t o you! And t hen woe t o you! Again, woe t o you! And t hen woe t o you!) He (Ibn ` Abbas) replied, ` The Messenger of Allah said t his t o Abu Jahl, t hen Allah, t he Might y and Sublime, revealed t his Ayah.''' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded from Qat adah t hat he said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ヴ∠ャ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ヴ∠ャ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Woe t o you! And t hen woe t o you! Again, woe t o you! And t hen woe t o you!) "It is a t hreat followed by a t hreat , j ust as you hear it . They claim t hat t he Prophet of Allah grabbed t he clot hes of t he enemy of Allah, Abu Jahl. The Prophet t hen said t o him, ` Woe t o you! And t hen (again) woe t o you! Again woe t o you! And t hen (again) woe t o you!' At t his t he enemy of Allah, Abu Jahl, said, ` Are you t hreat ening me, O Muhammad By Allah! Neit her you nor your Lord are able t o do anyt hing, and verily, I am t he might iest person walking bet ween it s (Makkah's) t wo mount ains.'''

Man will not be left neglected Allah says,

び ン⇔ギシ ⊥ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇わΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ょ ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Does man t hink t hat he will be left neglect ed) As-Suddi said, "Meaning not resurrect ed.'' Muj ahid, Ash-Shafi` i and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam, all said, "Meaning, he will not be commanded and prohibit ed.'' Apparent ly t he Ayah includes bot h meanings. This means t hat he will not be left neglect ed in t his worldly life, wit hout being commanded and prohibit ed. He also will not be left neglect ed in his grave unat t ended t o wit hout being resurrect ed. Rat her he will be commanded and prohibit ed in t his life, and gat hered back t o Allah in t he abode of t he Hereaft er. The int ent here is t o affirm t he exist ence of t he abode of t he final ret urn and t o refut e whoever rej ect s it from t he people of deviance, ignorance and st ubbornness. Thus, Allah uses t he beginning of creat ion as a proof for t he repet it ion of t he creat ion in His saying,

び ヴ∠レ∇ヨΑ⊥ ヴ ｙ レ͡ ョｚ リあョ る⇔ ヘ∠ ∇トル⊥ マ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Was he not a Nut fah of semen emit t ed) meaning, was not man a weak drop of sperm from a despised fluid known as semen, t hat is emit t ed from t he loins int o t he wombs

び ンｚヲジ ∠ プ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠ガ ∠ プ∠ る⇔ ボ∠ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then he became an ` Alaqah; t hen shaped and fashioned in due proport ion.) meaning, he became a clot , t hen a lump of flesh, t hen he was formed and t he soul was blown int o him. Then he became a perfect creat ion wit h healt hy limbs, as eit her a male or a female by t he permission and decree of Allah. Thus, Allah says,

び ヴ∠んルｙΙや∠ヱ ゲ∠ ミ∠ グｚ ャや リ ͡ ∇Βィ ∠ ∇ヱゴｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (And made of him t wo sexes, male and female.) Then Allah says,

び ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ Β͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ∃ ギ͡ ⇒∠ボよ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Is it not so t hen, t hat He would be able t o give life t o t he dead) meaning, is not He Who made t his perfect creat ion from t his weak drop of sperm able t o repeat t hat as He did originally And "t he abilit y t o repeat t hat '' eit her refers t o t he originat ion only, or t o bot h t hat and t he process of perfect ing it , according t o t wo different views, as in Allah's saying;

ラ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ぺ⊥ギ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (And He it is Who originat es t he creat ion, t hen He will repeat it ; t his is easier for Him.) (30:27) The first view is more popular, and Allah knows best .

Supplication upon completing this Surah Abu Dawud recorded from Musa bin Abi ` A'ishah t hat he said, "A man used t o pray on t op of his house and whenever he recit ed,

び ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ Β͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ∃ ギ͡ ⇒∠ボよ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Is it not so t hen, t hat He would be able t o give life t o t he dead) he would say, ` Glory t o You, of course.' So t he people asked him about t hat and he said, ` I heard it from t he Messenger of Allah .''' Abu Dawud was alone in t ransmit t ing t his Hadit h and he did not ment ion who t his Companion was, but t here is no harm in t hat . This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Qiyamah, all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Insan (Chapter - 76) Which was revealed in Makkah

It has been ment ioned previously t hat it is recorded in Sahih Muslim from Ibn ` Abbas t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o recit e in t he Morning prayer on Friday:

び∠モΑ͡ゴレ∠ゎ ユャやぴ (Alif Lam Mim. The revelat ion...)(32) and;

び͡リ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ ぴ (Has t here not been over man...) (76)

び͡ユΒ͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

リ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ワギｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ∂ ∀リΒ͡ェ リ ͡ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ ぴ ァ ∃ ゅ∠ゼ∇ョぺ∠ る∃ ヘ∠ ∇トルぁ リ͡ョ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ゅｚル͡ま -や⇔ケヲ⊥ミ∇グョｚ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ モ ∠ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ワ∠ ゅｚル͡ま -や⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ͡ヮΒ͡ヤ∠わ∇らルｚ び-や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘミ∠ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ͡ミゅ∠セ ゅョｚ ま͡ (1. Has t here not been over man a period of t ime, when he was not a t hing wort h ment ioning) (2. Verily, We have creat ed man from Nut fah Amshaj , in order t o t ry him, so, We made him hearer and seer.) (3. Verily, We guided him t o t he way, whet her he be grat eful or ungrat eful.)

Allah created Man after He did not exist Allah informs t hat He brought man int o exist ence aft er he was not even a t hing wort h ment ioning, due t o his lowliness and weakness. Allah says,

リ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ワギｚ ャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀リΒ͡ェ リ ͡ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ヴヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ミ∇グョｚ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ (Has t here not been over man a period of t ime, when he was not a t hing wort h ment ioning) Then Allah explains t his by saying,

び∃ァゅ∠ゼ∇ョぺ∠ る∃ ヘ∠ ∇トルぁ リ͡ョ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゅ∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We have creat ed man from Nut fah Amshaj ,) meaning, mixed. The words Mashaj and Mashij mean somet hing t hat is mixed t oget her. Ibn ` Abbas said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∃ァゅ∠ゼ∇ョぺ∠ る∃ ヘ∠ ∇トルぁ リ͡ョぴ (from Nut fah Amshaj ,) "This means t he fluid of t he man and t he fluid of t he woman when t hey meet and mix.'' Then man changes aft er t his from st age t o st age, condit ion t o condit ion and color t o color. ` Ikrimah, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas all made st at ement s similar t o t his. They said, "Amshaj is t he mixing of t he man's fluid wit h t he woman's fluid.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ヮΒ͡ヤわ∠ ∇らルｚ ぴ (in order t o t ry him,) means, ` We t est him.' It is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔Κヨ∠ ハ ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Αぁ ぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ (That He may t est you which of you is best in deed.) (67:2) Then Allah says,

び⇔やゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so, We made him hearer and seer.) meaning, ` We gave him t he facult ies of hearing and sight so t hat he would be able t o use t hem for obedience and disobedience.'

Allah guided Him to the Path, so Man is either Grateful or Ungrateful Allah says,

び∠モΒ͡らジ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ワ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We guided t o him t he way,) meaning, ` We explained it t o him, made it clear t o him and showed it t o him.' This is as Allah says,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠ヨバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲぁらエ ∠ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ヰ∠ プ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや

(And as for Thamud, We guided t hem but t hey preferred blindness t o guidance.) (41:17) Allah also said,

びリ ͡ Α∠ギ∇イレｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Α∠ギ∠ワ∠ヱぴ (And We guided him t o t he t wo ways.) (90:10) meaning, ` We explained t o him t he pat h of good and t he pat h of evil.' This is t he st at ement of ` Ikrimah, ` At iyah, Ibn Zayd and Muj ahid from what is well-known from him and t he maj orit y. Allah t hen says,

び⇔やケヲ⊥ヘミ∠ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ͡ミゅ∠セ ゅｚョま͡ぴ (Whet her he be grat eful or ungrat eful.) This is his decree. Thus, wit h t his he is eit her wret ched or happy. This is like what has been recorded by Muslim in a Hadit h from Abu Malik Al-Ash` ari. He said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰボ⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヨプ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∠ジ∇ヘ∠ル ∀ノ͡もゅ∠ら∠プ ヱ⊥ギ∇ピ∠Α サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ぁモミ⊥ » «ゅ∠ヰボ⊥ わ͡ ∇バョ⊥ (All of mankind wakes up in t he morning t he merchant of his own soul. So he eit her imprisons it or set s it free. )

- や⇔ゲΒ͡バシ ∠ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ヤ∇ビぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ∠ジ ͡ ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ギ∠わ∇ハ∠ぺ べｚルま͡ぴ ゅ∠ヰィ ⊥ や∠ゴョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ サ ∃ ∇ほミ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ケ∠ や∠ゲ∇よΙ ｘや ラ ｚ ま͡ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヱ⊥ゲイ あ ヘ∠ Α⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ⊥ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ⇔レ∇Βハ ∠ - や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘ⇒∠ミ ロ⊥ ぁゲセ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ⇒∠ガΑ∠ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ∇グレｚ ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プヲ⊥Α - や⇔ゲΒ͡イ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ⇔レΒ͡ム∇ジョ͡ ヮ͡ らあ ェ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨバ͡ ∇トΑ⊥ ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲル⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヮ͡ ∇ィヲ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヨ⊥ バ͡ ∇トル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - や⇔ゲΒ͡シぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡わΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよあ ケｚ リ͡ョ フ ⊥ ゅガ ∠ ル∠ ゅｚル͡ま - や⇔ケヲ⊥ムセ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゲｚ セ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ホヲ∠ プ∠ - や⇔ゲΑ͡ゲト ∠ ∇ヨホ∠ ゅ⇔シヲ⊥らハ ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠

ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ゴィ ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ケヱ⊥ゲシ ⊥ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ツル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒ｚボャ∠ヱ∠ ュ͡ ヲ∠Β∇ャや び や⇔ゲΑ͡ゲェ ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ レｚ ィ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ (4. Verily, We have prepared for t he disbelievers iron chains, iron collars, and Sa` ir.) (5. Verily, t he Abrar (right eous believers) shall drink of a cup mixed wit h Kafur.) (6. A spring wherefrom t he servant s of Allah will drink, causing it t o gush fort h abundant ly.) (7. They fulfill (t heir) vows, and t hey fear a Day whose evil will be wide-spreading.) (8. And t hey give food, inspit e of t heir love for it , t o t he poor, t he orphan and t he capt ive,) (9. (Saying): "We feed you seeking Allah's Face only. We wish for no reward, nor t hanks from you.'') (10. "Verily, We fear from our Lord a Day t hat is ` Abus and Qamt arir.'') (11. So, Allah saved t hem from t he evil of t hat Day, and gave t hem Nadrah (a light of beaut y) and j oy.) (12. And t heir recompense shall be Paradise, and silken garment s, because t hey were pat ient .)

The Recompense of the Disbelievers and the Righteous Allah informs of what he has wait ing for t hose who disbelieve in Him from His creat ures of chains, iron collars and Sa` ir. Sa` ir is t he flame and fire of t he Hell. This is as Allah says,

ヴ͡プ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らエ ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ モ ⊥ジ ͡ ⇒∠ヤジ ｚ ャやヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ボ͡ ⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡プ モ ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ∇ビｘΙや ク͡ ま͡ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲイ ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ͡プ ｚユを⊥ ユ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや (When iron collars will be rounded over t heir necks, and t he chains, t hey shall be dragged along, in t he boiling wat er, t hen t hey will be burned in t he Fire.) (40:71,72) Aft er ment ioning t he blazing Fire He has prepared for t hese wret ched people, Allah goes on t o say,

ゅ∠ヰィ ⊥ や∠ゴョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ サ ∃ ∇ほミ∠ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ケ∠ や∠ゲ∇よΙ ｘや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘ⇒∠ミ (Verily, t he Abrar (right eous believers) shall drink of a cup mixed wit h Kafur.) The propert ies of t he Kafur (camphor) are well known; cooling, having a nice fragrance and in addit ion t o t his it s t ast e will be delicious in Paradise. Al-Hasan said, "The coolness of t he camphor will be in t he pleasant ness of ginger.'' Thus Allah said,

び や⇔ゲΒ͡イ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヱ⊥ゲイ あ ヘ∠ Α⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや キ⊥ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ⇔レ∇Βハ ∠ぴ (A spring wherefrom t he servant s of Allah will drink, causing it t o gush fort h abundant ly.) meaning, t his (drink) t hat will be mixed for t hese right eous people will be t aken from Kafur, which is a spring t hat Allah's close servant s will drink direct ly from, wit hout it being mixed wit h anyt hing, and t hey will drink t o t heir fill from it . The word Yashrabu (t o drink) includes t he meaning of Yarwa (t o quench one's t hirst ). Allah t hen says,

び⇔やゲΒ͡イ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヱ⊥ゲイ あ ヘ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (causing it t o gush fort h abundant ly (Tafj ir).) meaning, t hey will have cont rol of it however and wherever t hey wish. They will have access t o it from t heir cast les, t heir homes, t heir sit t ing rooms and t heir residences. At -Tafj ir means t o cause t o gush fort h or flow out . This is as Allah says,

チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ゲ∠ イ ⊥ ∇ヘゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁ リ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔ハヲ⊥ら∇レΑ∠ (And t hey say: "We shall not believe in you unt il you cause a spring t o gush fort h from t he eart h for us.) (17:90) And Allah says,

び⇔やゲ∠ヰル∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤカ ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ゲイ ｚ プ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (We caused a river t o gush fort h in t he midst of t hem.) (18:33) Muj ahid said,

び⇔やゲΒ͡イ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヱ⊥ゲイ あ ヘ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (causing it t o gush fort h abundant ly.) "This means t hat t hey will divert it t o wherever t hey wish.'' ` Ikrimah and Qat adah bot h made similar st at ement s. At h-Thawri said, "They will cause it t o flow wherever t hey wish.''

The Deeds of these Righteous People Allah says,

ロ⊥ ぁゲセ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ⇒∠ガΑ∠ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ∇グレｚ ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プヲ⊥Αぴ び や⇔ゲΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ (They fulfill vows, and t hey fear a Day whose evil will be wide-spreading.) meaning, t hey devot e t o worship Allah using t hat which He made obligat ory upon t hem from act ions of obligat ory obedience t hat is based on Islamic legislat ion. They also worship Him by fulfilling t heir vows. Imam Malik report ed from Talhah bin ` Abdul-Malik Al-Ayli, who report ed from AlQasim bin Malik, from ` A'ishah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ラぺ∠ ケ∠ グ∠ ル∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∇バト ͡ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ぶ ∠ や ノ∠ Β͡トΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ケ∠ グ∠ ル∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ヮ͡ダ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ぶ ∠ やヶ ∠ダ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ (Whoever makes a vow t o obey Allah, t hen he should obey Him. And whoever makes a vow t o disobey Allah, t hen he should not disobey Him.) Al-Bukhari also recorded t his Hadit h from Malik. These people also abandon t hose forbidden t hings which He (Allah) has prohibit ed for t hem, due t o t heir fear of having an evil reckoning on t he Day of Ret urn. This is t he Day when t he evil will spread out among all people except for t hose upon whom Allah has had mercy. Ibn ` Abbas said, "Spreading.'' Qat adah said, "By Allah! The evil of t hat Day will spread unt il it fills t he heavens and t he eart h.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ヮらあ ェ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨバ͡ ∇トΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey give food, inspit e of t heir love for it ,) It has been said t hat t his means t he love of Allah, t he Most High. In t heir view t he pronoun refers t o Allah. However, t he most apparent meaning is t hat t he pronoun refers t o t he food. This would mean, t hey give food while t hey t hemselves love it and desire it . This was st at ed by Muj ahid and Muqat il, and it was t he preferred opinion of Ibn Jarir. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ヮあらェ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ヴ∠ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (And gives his wealt h, in spit e of love for it .) (2:177) Allah also says,

び∠ラヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ゅｚヨ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゲｚ ら͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠レゎ∠ リ∠ャぴ (By no means shall you at t ain Al-Birr unless you spend of t hat which you love.) (3:92) In t he Sahih, t here is a Hadit h which st at es,

∀ウΒ͡エ∠タ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ベ ∠ ギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ る͡ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや モ ⊥ツ ∠ ∇プぺ∠» «ゲ∇ボヘ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ゼ∇ガゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠レピ͡ ∇ャや モ ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ∩∀ウΒ͡エセ ∠ (The best charit y is t hat which you give while you are healt hy, covet ous, hoping for wealt h and fearing povert y.) This means in t he condit ion of your love for wealt h, your eagerness for it and your need for it . Thus, Allah says,

ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡わΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レΒ͡ム∇ジョ͡ ヮ͡ らあ ェ ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠バト ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨバ͡ ∇トΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ゲΒ͡シぺ∠ヱ∠

(And t hey give food, inspit e of t heir love for it , t o t he poor, t he orphan and t he capt ive,) Concerning t he poor person and t he orphan, an explanat ion of t hem and t heir charact erist ics has already preceded. In reference t o t he capt ive, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan and Ad-Dahhak all said, "He is t he capt ive among t he people of t he Qiblah (i.e., t he Muslims).'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "At t hat t ime (when t his Ayah was revealed) t heir (t he Muslims') capt ives were idolat ors.'' Proof for t his is t hat on t he day of Badr t he Messenger of Allah commanded his Companions t o t reat t he capt ives respect fully. They (t he Companions) would give t hem preference over t hemselves when eat ing t heir meals. ` Ikrimah said, "They (capt ives) are t he slaves.'' Ibn Jarir preferred t his opinion since t he Ayah generally refers t o bot h t he Muslim and t he idolat ors. Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` At a', Al-Hasan and Qat adah all made similar st at ement s. The Messenger of Allah advised t reat ing servant s well in more t han one Hadit h. This held such import ance wit h him t hat t he last st at ement of advice t hat he gave (before dying) was his saying,

«ユ⊥ムル⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ り∠ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや» (The prayer (As-Salah) and what your right hand possesses (slaves).) Muj ahid said, "He (t he capt ive) is t he prisoner.'' This means t hat t hese (right eous) people give food t o ot hers even t hough t hey t hemselves desire it and love it , saying at t he same t ime,

び͡ヮヤｚャや ヮ͡ ∇ィヲ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヨ⊥ バ͡ ∇トル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (We feed you seeking Allah's Face only.) meaning, hoping for t he reward of Allah and His pleasure.

び⇔やケヲ⊥ムセ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲル⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (We wish for no reward, nor t hanks from you.) meaning, ` we do not seek any reward from you in ret urn for it . We also are not seeking for you t o t hank us in front of t he people.' Muj ahid and Sa` id bin Jubayr bot h said, "By Allah! They do not say t his wit h t heir t ongues, but rat her, Allah knows it in t heir heart s and He commends t hem for it . Every seeker should seek aft er t his.''

び や⇔ゲΑ͡ゲト ∠ ∇ヨホ∠ ゅ⇔シヲ⊥らハ ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠レよあ ケｚ リ͡ョ フ ⊥ ゅ∠ガル∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We fear from our Lord a Day t hat is ` Abus and Qamt arir.) meaning, ` we only do t his so t hat perhaps Allah may have mercy on us and t reat us wit h gent leness on t he Day t hat is ` Abus and Qamt arir.' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, "` Abus means difficult and Qamt arir means long.'' ` Ikrimah and ot hers said from Ibn Abbas,

び⇔やゲΑ͡ゲト ∠ ∇ヨホ∠ ゅ⇔シヲ⊥らハ ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (a Day t hat is ` Abus and Qamt arir (hard and dist ressful, t hat will make t he faces look horrible from ext reme dislike t o it .)) "The disbeliever will frown on t hat day unt il sweat will flow bet ween his eyes like t ar.'' Muj ahid said, "Abus ` Abis means (frowning wit h) t he t wo lips and Qamt arir means drawing up t he face in a scowl.'' Sa` id bin Jubayr and Qat adah said, "Faces will be made t o frown due t o dismay. Qamt arir is t he cont ract ion of t he forehead and what is bet ween t he t wo eyes due t o dismay.'' Ibn Zayd said, " ` Abus is t he evil and Qamt arir is t he severit y.''

Some Details concerning the Reward of the Righteous in Paradise and what it contains of Delights Allah says,

り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ツル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒ｚボャ∠ヱ∠ ュ͡ ヲ∠Β∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゲｚ セ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ホヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケヱ⊥ゲシ ⊥ ヱ∠ (So, Allah saved t hem from t he evil of t hat Day, and gave t hem Nadrah (a light of beaut y) and j oy.) This is used as a way of eloquence in st at ing similarit y (i.e., t wo similar t hings).

び͡ュヲ∠Β∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゲｚ セ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ホヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, Allah saved t hem from t he evil of t hat Day,) meaning, He prot ect s t hem from t hat which t hey fear of it .

び⇔りゲ∠ ∇ツル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒ｚボャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and gave t hem Nadrah (a light of beaut y)) meaning, in t heir faces.

び⇔やケヱ⊥ゲシ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And j oy) in t heir heart s. Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Qat adah, Abu ` Aliyah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas all st at ed t his. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び り∀ ゲ∠ ゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジョぁ る∀ ム∠ エ ͡ ⇒∠ッ - り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ジョぁ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ぴ (Some faces t hat Day will be bright , laughing, rej oicing at good news.) This is because if t he heart is happy, t hen t he face will be enlight ened. As Ka` b bin Malik said in his lengt hy Hadit h about Allah's Messenger , whenever he was happy, t hen his face will be radiant unt il it will be as if it is a piece of t he moon. ` A'ishah said, "The Messenger of Allah ent ered int o my home happy and his facial expression was glowing.'' And t he Hadit h cont inues. dAllah t hen says,

び∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ゴィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t heir recompense because t hey were pat ient ) meaning, due t o t heir pat ience He will give t hem, best ow upon t hem and accommodat e t hem wit h Paradise and silken garment s. This means a home t hat is spacious, a delight ful life and fine clot hing. Al-Hafiz Ibn ` Asakir said in his biography of Hisham bin Sulayman Ad-Darani, "Surat Al-Insan was recit ed t o Abu Sulayman Ad-Darani, and when t he recit er reached t he Ayah where Allah says,

び や⇔ゲΑ͡ゲェ ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ レｚ ィ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ゴィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t heir recompense shall be Paradise, and silken garment s, because t hey were pat ient .) he (Abu Sulayman) said, ` Because t hey were pat ient in leaving off t heir desires in t he world.'''

ゅ⇔ジ∇ヨセ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ Ι ∠ マ ͡ も͡ や∠ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ゃム͡ わｚ ョぁ ぴ ∇ろヤ∠ャあク⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥⇒∠ヤニ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ る⇔ Β∠ ル͡ や∠キヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΑ͡ゲヰ∠ ∇ョコ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ ツ ｚ プ͡ リあョ る∃ Β∠ ル͡ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠トΑ⊥ ヱ∠ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ャ∇グゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰプ⊥ ヲ⊥トホ⊥ る∃ ツ ｚ プ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やゲ∠ Α͡ケや∠ヲホ∠ - ∇やゲ∠ Α͡ケや∠ヲホ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ゆ ∃ やヲ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅミ∠ ゅ⇔シ∇ほミ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΑ͡ギ∇ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥ケギｚ ∠ホ -Κ ⇔ Β͡らジ ∠ ∇ヤシ ∠ ヴｚヨジ ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ⇔レ∇Βハ ∠ -Κ ⇔ Β͡らイ ∠ ル∠コ ゅ∠ヰィ ⊥ や∠ゴョ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤｚガ ∠ ョぁ ラ ∀ ギ∠ ∇ャヱ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ヲ⊥トΑ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ユｚ を∠ ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ - や⇔ケヲ⊥んレｚョ や⇔ぽ⊥ャ∇ぽャ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇らジ ͡ェ ∠ ∀ゲ∇ツカ ⊥ サ ∃ ギ⊥ レ⊥シ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠Βを͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ハ - や⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゅ⇔ム∇ヤョ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡バル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ボシ ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ ツ ｚ プ͡ リ͡ョ ケ∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠シぺ∠ ∇やヲぁヤェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ベ ∀ ゲ∠ ∇らわ∠ ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ - や⇔ケヲ⊥ヰデ ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ゲセ ∠ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ム∇ゼョｚ ユ⊥ムΒ⊥ ∇バシ ∠ (13. Reclining t herein on raised couches, t hey will see t here neit her t he excessive heat , nor t he excessive cold.) (14. And t he shade t hereof is close upon t hem, and t he bunches of fruit t hereof will hang low wit hin t heir reach.) (15. And among t hem will be passed round vessels of silver and cups of cryst al --) (16. (Qawarir) Cryst al-clear, made of silver. They will det ermine t he measure t hereof.) (17. And t hey will be given t o drink t here of a cup (of wine) mixed wit h Zanj abil (ginger),) (18. A spring t here, called Salsabil.) (19. And round about t hem will (serve) boys of everlast ing yout h. If you see t hem, you would t hink t hem scat t ered pearls.) (20. And when you look t here (in Paradise), you will see a delight (t hat cannot be imagined), and a great dominion.) (21. Their garment s will be of fine green silk, and Ist abraq. They will be adorned wit h bracelet s of silver, and t heir Lord will give t hem a purifying drink.) (22. (And it will be said t o t hem): "Verily, t his is a reward for you, and your endeavor has been accept ed.'')

The raised Couches and the lack of Heat and Cold Allah t ells us about t he people of Paradise and t he et ernal delight s t hey will experience, as well as t he comprehensive favors t hat t hey will be given. Allah says,

び͡マ͡もや∠ケｘΙや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ゃム͡ わｚ ョぁ ぴ (Reclining t herein on raised couches.) This has already been discussed in Surat As-Saffat and t he difference of opinion about t he meaning of reclining. Is it lying down, reclining on t he elbows, sit t ing down cross-legged, or being firmly seat ed We have also ment ioned t hat t he AlAra'ik are couches beneat h curt ained canopies. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔やゲΑ͡ゲヰ∠ ∇ョコ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヨセ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ Ι ∠ぴ (t hey will see t here neit her t he excessive heat , nor t he excessive bit t er cold.) meaning, t here will be no dist urbing heat wit h t hem, nor any painful cold, rat her t here will only be one climat e t hat will be always and et ernal and t hey will not want it t o be changed.

The Shade and Fruit Clusters will be near

びゅ∠ヰヤ⊥⇒∠ヤニ ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ る⇔ Β∠ ル͡ や∠キヱ∠ ぴ (And t he shade t hereof is close upon t hem.) meaning, t he branches will be close t o t hem.

び⇔ΚΒ͡ャ∇グゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰプ⊥ ヲ⊥トホ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠ャあク⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he bunches of fruit t hereof will hang low wit hin t heir reach.) meaning, whenever he at t empt s t o get any fruit , it will come nearer t o him and come down from it s highest branch as if it hears and obeys. This is as Allah says in anot her Ayah,

び∃ラや∠キ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠レィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And fruit s of t he t wo gardens will be near at hand.) (55:54) Allah also says,

び る∀ Β∠ ル͡ や∠キ ゅ∠ヰプ⊥ ヲ⊥トホ⊥ ぴ (The fruit s in bunches whereof will be low and near at hand.) (69:23) Muj ahid said,

び⇔ΚΒャ͡∇グゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰプ⊥ ヲ⊥トホ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠ャあク⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And t he bunches of fruit t hereof will hang low wit hin t heir reach.) "If he st ands it will rise wit h him an equal amount , if he sit s it will lower it self for him so t hat he can reach it and if he lies down it will lower it self for him more so t hat he can reach it . So t his is Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔ΚΒ͡ャ∇グゎ∠ ぴ (will hang low wit hin t heir reach). '' Qat adah said, "No t horn or dist ance will repel t heir hands away from it (t he fruit ).''

Vessels of Silver and Drinking Cups Allah says,

び∃ゆやヲ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ る∃ ツ ｚ プ͡ リあョ る∃ Β∠ ル͡ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠トΑ⊥ ∠ヱぴ (And among t hem will be passed round vessels of silver and cups of cryst al) meaning, servant s will go around t hem wit h cont ainers of food made of silver and cups of drink. These are drinking vessels t hat do not have handles or spout s. Then Allah says,

び∃るツ ｚ プ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やゲ∠ Α͡ケや∠ヲホ∠ ∇やゲ∠ Α͡ケや∠ヲホ∠ ぴ ((Qawarir) Cryst al-clear, made of silver.) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and ot hers have all said, "It (Qawarir) is t he whit eness of silver in t he t ransparency of glass.'' Qawarir is only made of glass. So t hese cups are made of silver, but due t o t heir fine t hinness, what is inside of t hem will be visible from out side of t hem (as if t hey are glass). This is among t he t hings of which t here is not hing like in t his world. Allah said,

び⇔やゲΑ͡ギ∇ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥ケギｚ ∠ホぴ (They will det ermine t he measure t hereof.) meaning, according t o t he amount t hat will quench t heir t hirst . It will not be more t han t hat nor less t han it , rat her it will be prepared in an amount t hat is suit able for quenching t he t hirst of t heir drinkers. This is t he meaning of t he st at ement of Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Abu Salih, Qat adah, Ibn Abza, ` Abdullah bin ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr, Ash-Sha` bi and Ibn Zayd. This was st at ed by Ibn Jarir and ot hers. This is t he most excellent provision, dist inct ion and honor.

The Ginger Drink and the Drink of Salsabil Allah says,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡らイ ∠ ル∠コ ゅ∠ヰィ ⊥ や∠ゴョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ⇔シ∇ほミ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And t hey will be given t o drink t here of a cup mixed wit h Zanj abil (ginger),) meaning, t hey -t he right eous -- will also be given a drink from t hese cups.

び⇔ゅシ∇ほミ∠ ぴ (a cup) meaning, a drink of wine.

び⇔ΚΒ͡らイ ∠ ル∠コ ゅ∠ヰィ ⊥ や∠ゴョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミぴ (mixed wit h Zanj abil (ginger),) So on one occasion t hey will be given a drink t hat is mixed wit h camphor, and it is cool. Then on anot her occasion t hey will be given a drink mixed wit h ginger, and it is hot . This is so t hat t heir affair will be balanced. However, t hose who are nearest t o Allah, t hey will drink from all of it however t hey wish, as Qat adah and ot hers have said. The st at ement of Allah has already preceded which says,

び͡ヮヤｚャや キ⊥ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ⇔レ∇Βハ ∠ぴ (A spring wherefrom t he servant s of Allah will drink.) (76:6) And here Allah says,

びΚ ⇔ Β͡らジ ∠ ∇ヤシ ∠ ヴｚヨジ ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ⇔レ∇Βハ ∠ぴ (A spring t here, called Salsabil.) ` Ikrimah said, "It (Salsabil) is t he name of a spring in Paradise.'' Muj ahid said, "It is called t his due t o it s cont inuous flowing and t he severit y of it s current .''

The Boys and Servants Allah says,

∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤｚガ ∠ ョぁ ラ ∀ ギ∠ ∇ャヱ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ フ ⊥ ヲ⊥トΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥んレｚョ や⇔ぽ⊥ャ∇ぽャ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇らジ ͡ェ ∠ (And round about t hem will (serve) boys of everlast ing yout h. If you see t hem, you would t hink t hem scat t ered pearls.) meaning, young boys from t he boys of Paradise will go around serving t he people of Paradise.

び∠ラヱ⊥ギヤｚ∠ガョぁ ぴ (everlast ing yout h.) meaning, in one st at e forever which t hey will be never changing from, t hey will not increase in age. Those who have described t hem as wearing earings in t heir ears have

only int erpret ed t he meaning in such a way because a child is befit t ing of t his descript ion and not an adult man. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔やケヲ⊥んレｚョ や⇔ぽ⊥ャ∇ぽャ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇らジ ͡ェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ぴ (If you see t hem, you would t hink t hem scat t ered pearls.) meaning, when you see t hem dispersing t o fulfill t he needs of t heir mast ers, t heir great number, t heir beaut iful faces, handsome colors, fine clot hing and ornament s, you would t hink t hat t hey were scat t ered pearls. There is no bet t er qualit y t han t his, nor is t here anyt hing nicer t o look at t han scat t ered pearls in a beaut iful place. Allah says,

び∠ろ∇Α∠ぺ∠ケ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when you look) meaning, ` when you see it , O Muhammad.'

びｚユを⊥ ぴ (t here) meaning, t here. This refers t o Paradise and it s beaut y, it s vast ness, it s loft iness and t he j oy and happiness it cont ains.

び⇔やゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゅ⇔ム∇ヤョ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡バル∠ ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぴ (You will see a delight , and a great dominion.) meaning, t here will be a great kingdom t hat belongs t o Allah and a dazzling, splendid dominion. It has been confirmed in t he Sahih t hat Allah will say t o t he last of t he people of t he Fire t o be t aken out of it , and t he last of t he people t o ent er int o Paradise,

«ゅ∠ヰャ͡ゅ∠ん∇ョぺ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» (verily, you will have similar t o t he world and t en worlds like it (in addit ion t o it ).'') If t his is what He will give t o t he least of t hose who will be in Paradise, t hen what do you t hink about t he one who will have a higher st at us and will be favored even more by Allah , nor any painful cold, rat her t here will only be one climat e t hat will be always and et ernal and t hey will not want it t o be changed. This refers t o Paradise and it s beaut y, it s vast ness, it s loft iness and t he j oy and happiness it cont ains.

び⇔やゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゅ⇔ム∇ヤョ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡バル∠ ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぴ (You will see a delight , and a great dominion.) meaning, t here will be a great kingdom t hat belongs t o Allah and a dazzling, splendid dominion. It has been confirmed in t he Sahih t hat Allah will say t o t he last of t he people of t he Fire t o be t aken out of it , and t he last of t he people t o ent er int o Paradise,

«ゅ∠ヰャ͡ゅ∠ん∇ョぺ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» (verily, you will have similar t o t he world and t en worlds like it (in addit ion t o it ).'') If t his is what He will give t o t he least of t hose who will be in Paradise, t hen what do you t hink about t he one who will have a higher st at us and will be favored even more by Allah

The Garments and Ornaments Allah says,

び∀ベゲ∠ ∇らわ∠ ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇ツカ ⊥ サ ∃ ギ⊥ レ⊥シ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠Βを͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ Β∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ハぴ (Their garment s will be of fine green silk, and Ist abraq.) meaning, among t he garment s of t he people of Paradise is silk and Sundus, which is a high qualit y silk. These garment s will be shirt s and similar clot hing from t he undergarment s. Concerning Ist abraq (velvet ), from it t here is t hat which has a glit t er and shimmer t o it , and it is t hat which is worn as out er clot hes, j ust as is well-known in clot hing.

び∃るツ ｚ プ͡ リ͡ョ ケ∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠シぺ∠ ∇やヲぁヤェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (They will be adorned wit h bracelet s of silver,) This is a descript ion of t he right eous. In reference t o t hose who will be near t o Allah, t hen t heir descript ion is as Allah says,

や⇔ぽ⊥ャ∇ぽャ⊥ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ワ∠ ク∠ リ͡ョ ケ∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠シぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヤｚエ ∠ Α⊥ ぴ び∀ゲΑ͡ゲェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ シ ⊥ ゅ∠らャ͡ヱ∠ (Wherein t hey will be adorned wit h bracelet s of gold and pearls and t heir garment s t herein will be of silk.) (22:23) Aft er Allah ment ions t he out ward beaut ificat ion wit h silk and ornament s, He t hen says,

び⇔やケヲ⊥ヰデ ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ゲセ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ボシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t heir Lord will give t hem a purifying drink.) meaning, it will purify t heir insides of envy, despise, hat red, harm and t he ot her reprehensible charact er t rait s. This is j ust as we have recorded from t he Commander of t he believers, ` Ali bin Abi Talib, t hat he said, "When t he people of Paradise come t o t he Gat e of Paradise, t hey will find t wo springs t here. Then it will be as if t hey were inspired wit h what t o do, so t hey will drink from one of t hem and Allah will remove what ever harmfulness t here may be wit hin t hem. Then t hey will bat he in t he ot her spring and a glow of delight will run all over t hem. Thus, Allah informs of t heir out ward condit ion and t heir inner beaut y.'' Allah t hen says,

び や⇔ケヲ⊥ム∇ゼョｚ ユ⊥ムΒ⊥ ∇バシ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t his is a reward for you, and your endeavor has been accept ed.) meaning, t his will be said t o t hem in honor of t hem and as a goodness t owards t hem. This is as Allah says,

る͡ Β∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ガ∇ャや ュ͡ ゅｚΑΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠∇シぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∠ Β͡レワ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ぴ び (Eat and drink at ease for t hat which you have sent fort h before you in days past !) (69:24) Allah also says,

∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇をケ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ る⊥ ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヤゎ͡ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥キヲ⊥ルヱ∠ ぴ び∠ラヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ (And it will be cried out t o t hem: "This is t he Paradise which you have inherit ed for what you used t o do.'') (7:43) Then Allah says,

び⇔やケヲ⊥ム∇ゼョｚ ユ⊥ムΒ⊥ ∇バシ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ (and your endeavor has been accept ed) mean- ing, ` Allah t he Exalt ed will reward you for a small amount (of deeds) wit h a large amount (of reward).'

∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プ - Κ ⇔ Α͡ゴレ∠ゎ ラ ∠ や￢∠ ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ∠ル リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ - や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ͡をや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ノト ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ͡ ∇ムエ ⊥ ャ͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ - Κ ⇔ Β͡タぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ∠ ∇シや ゲ͡ ミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱ ￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ - Κ ⇔ Α͡ヲデ ∠ Κ ⇔ ∇Βャ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇エらあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ギイ ⊥ ∇シゅ∠プ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ボを∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ケヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ る∠ ヤ∠ィ ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ べ∠レ∇ャギｚ よ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ゃセ ͡ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ べ∠ル∇キ∠ギ∠セ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エｚル ヴ∠ャま͡ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ヨプ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グゎ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ Κ ⇔ Α͡ギ∇らゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ん∇ョぺ∠

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ゼゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヴ͡プ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ モ ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや∠ヱ (23. Verily, it is We Who have sent down t he Qur'an t o you by st ages.) (24. Therefore be pat ient wit h const ancy t o t he command of your Lord, and obey neit her a sinner nor a disbeliever among t hem.) (25. And remember t he Name of your Lord every morning and aft ernoon.) (26. And during t he night , prost rat e yourself t o Him, and glorify Him a long night t hrough.) (27. Verily, t hese love t he present life of t his world, and put behind t hem a heavy Day.) (28. It is We Who creat ed t hem, and We have made t hem of st rong build. And when We will, We can replace t hem wit h ot hers like t hem wit h a complet e replacement .) (29. Verily, t his is an admonit ion, so whosoever wills, let him t ake a pat h t o his Lord.) (30. But you cannot will, unless Allah wills. Verily, Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise.) (31. He will admit t o His mercy whom He wills and as for t he wrongdoers -- He has prepared a painful t orment .)

Mention of the Qur'an's Revelation and the Command to be Patient and remember Allah Allah reminds His Messenger of how He blessed him by revealing t he Magnificent Qur'an t o him.

び∠マよあ ケ∠ ユ͡ ∇ムエ ⊥ ャ͡ ∇ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プぴ (Therefore be pat ient wit h const ancy t o t he command of your Lord.,) meaning, ` j ust as you have been honored by what has been revealed t o you, t hen be pat ient wit h His decree and decision and know t hat He will handle your affairs in a good manner.'

び⇔やケヲ⊥ヘミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ͡をや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ノト ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And obey neit her a sinner (At him) nor a disbeliever (Kafur) among t hem.) meaning, ` do not obey t he disbelievers and t he hypocrit es if t hey wish t o det er you from what has been revealed t o you. Rat her convey t hat which has been revealed t o you from your Lord and put your t rust in Allah, for verily, Allah will prot ect you from t he people.' The At him is t he sinner in his deeds and t he Kafur is t he disbeliever in his heart .

びΚ ⇔ Β͡タぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ∠ ∇シや ゲ͡ ミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ (And remember t he Name of your Lord every morning and aft ernoon.) meaning, at t he beginning of t he day and at it s end.

びΚ ⇔ Α͡ヲデ ∠ Κ ⇔ ∇Βャ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇エらあ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ギイ ⊥ ∇シゅ∠プ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And during t he night , prost rat e yourself t o Him, and glorify Him a long night t hrough.) This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

マ ∠ ん∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ マ ∠ ャｚ る⇔ ヤ∠プ͡ ゅ∠ル ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ギイ ｚ ヰ∠ わ∠ プ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔キヲ⊥ヨ∇エョｚ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ (And in some part s of t he night offer t he Salah wit h it (t he Qur'an), as an addit ional prayer (Taj haj j ud) for you. It may be t hat you Lord will raise you t o Maqam Mahmud.) (17:79) Similarly, Allah also says,

ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ダあル - Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ユ͡ ホ⊥ - モ ⊥ あョｚゴヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ ラ ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや モ ͡ ゎあ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇キコ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ゾボ⊥ ルや びΚ ⇔ Β͡ゎ∇ゲゎ∠ (O you wrapped! St and all night , except a lit t le. Half of it or a lit t le less t han t hat , or a lit t le more. And recit e t he Qur'an Tart il.) (73:1-4)

The Censure of Love for the World and informing about the Day of the Final Return Allah reprimands t he disbelievers and t hose similar t o t hem who love t he world and are devot ed and dedicat ed t o it , who put t he abode of t he Hereaft er behind t hem in disregard. He says;

∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ケヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱケ⊥ グ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ る∠ ヤ∠ィ ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ ￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ボを∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ (Verily, t hese love t he present life of t his world, and put behind t hem a heavy Day.) meaning, t he Day of Judgement . Then Allah says,

び∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ べ∠ル∇キ∠ギ∠セ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エｚルぴ (It is We Who creat ed t hem, and We have made t hem of st rong build.) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and ot hers have said, "This means t heir creat ion.''

び⇔ΚΑ͡ギ∇らゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ん∇ョぺ∠ べ∠レ∇ャギｚ よ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ゃセ ͡ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(And when We will, We can replace t hem wit h ot hers like t hem wit h a complet e replacement .) meaning, ` when We wish, We will resurrect t hem on t he Day of Judgement and change t hem, repeat ing t heir creat ion in a new form.' Here t he beginning of t heir creat ion is a proof for t he repet it ion of t heir creat ion. Ibn Zayd and Ibn Jarir bot h said,

び⇔ΚΑ͡ギ∇らゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ん∇ョぺ∠ べ∠レ∇ャギｚ よ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ゃセ ͡ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when We will, We can replace t hem wit h ot hers like t hem wit h a complet e replacement .) "This means, if We wish We can bring anot her group of people besides t hem (in t heir place).'' This is like Allah's st at ement ,

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ ゅ⇒͡よ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇らワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まぴ び や⇔ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや (If He wills, He can t ake you away, O people, and bring ot hers. And Allah is capable over t hat .) (4:133) This is also like His st at ement ,

マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ギ∃ Α͡ギィ ∠ ペ ∃ ∇ヤガ ∠ よ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユ⇒⊥ム∇らワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まぴ び ゴ∃ Α͡ゴバ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (If He wills, He can remove you and bring a new creat ion! And for Allah t hat is not hard or difficult .) (14:19-20)

The Qur'an is a Reminder, and Guidance comes from the Help of Allah Allah t hen says,

び∀りゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グゎ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t his is an admonit ion,) meaning, t his Surah is a reminder.

び⇔ΚΒ͡らシ ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ヨ∠プぴ (so whosoever wills, let him t ake a pat h t o his Lord.) meaning, a pat h and a way. This means, whoever wishes t o be guided by t he Qur'an. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘ や ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や∠クゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(And what loss have t hey if t hey had believed in Allah and in t he Last Day.) (4:39) Then Allah says,

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ゼゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (But you cannot will, unless Allah wills.) meaning, no one is able t o guide himself, ent er int o fait h or bring about any benefit for himself,

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Unless Allah wills. Verily, Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise.) meaning, He is Most Knowledgeable of who deserves t o be guided. So, He makes guidance easy for him and He predest ines for him t hat which will be a cause for it . However, whoever deserves misguidance, He avert s guidance from him. Unt o Him belongs t he most excellent wisdom and t he most irrefut able argument . Thus, He says,

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise.) Then He says,

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ギｚ ハ ∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヴ͡プ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ モ ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ (He will admit t o His mercy whom He wills and as for t he wrongdoers -- He has prepared a painful t orment .) meaning, He guides whomever He wishes and He leads ast ray whomever He wishes. Whoever He guides, t here is no one who can lead him ast ray; and whoever He leads ast ray, t here is no one who can guide him. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Insan. And all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Mursalat (Chapter - 77) Which was revealed in Makkah The Revelation of this Surat and its Recitation in the Maghrib Prayer -Bukhari recorded from ` Abdullah - t hat is Ibn Mas` ud -- t hat he said, "While we were wit h t he Messenger of Allah in a cave at Mina,

び͡ろ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (By t he Mursalat .) was revealed t o him. He was recit ing it and I was learning it from his mout h. Verily, his mout h was moist wit h it when a snake leaped out at us. The Prophet said,

«ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホや» (Kill it !) So we quickly went aft er it , but it got away. Then t he Prophet said,

«ゅ∠ワゲｚ セ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ホヱ⊥ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∩∇ユミ⊥ ゲｚ セ ∠ ∇ろΒ∠ ホ͡ ヱ⊥ » (It was saved from your harm j ust as you all were saved from it s harm.)'' Muslim also recorded t his Hadit h by way of Al-A` mash. Imam Ahmad recorded from Ibn ` Abbas, who report ed from his mot her t hat she heard t he Prophet recit ing

び ゅ⇔プ∇ゲハ ⊥ ͡ろ⇒∠ヤ∠シ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (By t he Mursalat .) in t he Maghrib prayer. In a report from Malik on t he aut horit y of Ibn ` Abbas, he narrat ed t hat Umm Al-Fadl (his mot her) heard him (Ibn ` Abbas) recit ing

び ゅ⇔プ∇ゲハ ⊥ ͡ろ⇒∠ヤ∠シ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (By t he Mursalat ` Urfa.) (77:1) so she said, "O my son! You reminded me wit h your recit at ion of t his Surat . Verily, it is t he last t hing I heard from t he Messenger of Allah . He recit ed it in t he Maghrib prayer (i.e., before he died).'' Bot h Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t his report in t he Two Sahihs by way of Malik.

び͡ユΒ͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

-ゅ⇔ヘ∇ダハ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヘダ ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャゅ∠プ -ゅ⇔プ∇ゲハ ⊥ ͡ろ⇒∠ヤ∠シ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠プ -ゅ⇔ホ∇ゲプ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ホゲ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャゅ∠プ -⇔やゲ∇ゼ∠ル れ ͡ ゲ͡ゼ⇒ｚレャやヱ や∠クみ͡プ∠ -∀ノ͡ホヲ∠ャ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ -や⇔ケ∇グル⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔ケ∇グハ ⊥ -や⇔ゲ∇ミク͡ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ -∇ろィ ∠ ゲ͡ プ⊥ ￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ -∇ろジ ∠ ヨ͡ デ ⊥ ュ⊥ ヲ⊥イレぁ ャや ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヵ ∂ Ι -∇ろわ∠ ホ∂ ぺ⊥ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ぁゲャや や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ -∇ろヘ∠ ジ ͡ ル⊥ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや -モ ͡ ∇ダヘ∠ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ -モ ͡ ∇ダヘ∠ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ -∇ろヤ∠ィ ∂ ぺ⊥ び-リ ∠ Β͡よグ∂ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ∂ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ

(1. By t he Mursalat ` Urfa.) (2. The ` Asifat ` Asfa.) (3. And t he Nashirat Nashra.) (4. The Fariqat t hat separat e.) (5. The Mulqiyat t hat remind,) (6. Excusing or warning.) (7. Surely, what you are promised will occur.) (8. Then when t he st ars lose t heir light s.) (9. And when Furij at t he heaven.) (10. And when t he mount ains are blown away.) (11. And when t he Messengers are Uqqit at .) (12. For what Day are t hese signs post poned) (13. For t he Day of Sort ing Out (t he men of Paradise from t he men dest ined for Hell).) (14. And what will explain t o you what is t he Day of Sort ing Out ) (15. Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers (of t he Day of Resurrect ion)!)

Allah's swearing by Different Creatures about the Occurrence of the Hereafter Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said,

び ゅ⇔プ∇ゲハ ⊥ ͡ろ⇒∠ヤ∠シ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (By t he Mursalat ` Urfa.) "The angels.'' From Masruq, Abu Ad-Duha, Muj ahid in one narrat ions from him, As-Suddi and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, st at ement s similar t o t his have been report ed. It has been report ed from Abu Salih t hat he said, "These are t he Messenger.'' In anot her narrat ion from him (Abu Salih) he said t hat it means t he angels. Abu Salih has also said t he meaning of Al-` Asifat , An-Nashirat , Al-Fariqat and Al-Mulqiyat , t hat t hey all refer t o t he angels. At h-Thawri narrat ed from Salamah bin Kuhayl, who report ed from Muslim Al-Bat in, who report ed from Abu Al-` Ubaydayn t hat he asked Ibn Mas` ud about t he meaning of Al-Mursalat ` Urfa, and he (Ibn Mas` ud) said, "The wind.'' He said t he same about Al-` Asifat ` Asfa and An-Nashirat Nashra, t hat t hey all refer t o t he wind. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and Qat adah all said t he same. Ibn Jarir confident ly affirmed t hat Al-` Asifat ` Asfa means t he wind j ust as Ibn Mas` ud and t hose who followed him said.However, he (Ibn Jarir) did not affirm whet her An-Nashirat Nashra are t he angels or t he wind as has preceded. It has been report ed from Abu Salih t hat An-Nashirat Nashra is t he rain. The most obvious meaning is as Allah says,

び∠ウホ͡ や∠ヲャ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠Αゲあ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And we send t he winds fert ilizing.) (15:22) He also says,

∇ンギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ⇔ンゲ∇ゼよ⊥ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠Αゲあ ャや モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び͡ヮわ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ (And it is He Who sends t he winds as heralds of glad t idings, going before His mercy (rain).) (7:57) Similarly, Al-` Asifat are winds. It is said (in Arabic) t hat t he winds ` Asifat when t hey make noise wit h t heir blowing. Likewise, An-Nashirat are t he winds t hat scat t er int o clouds in t he horizons of t he sky according t o t he will of t he Lord. Allah t hen says,

∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔ケ∇グハ ⊥ - や⇔ゲ∇ミク͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠プ - ゅ⇔ホ∇ゲプ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ホゲ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャゅ∠プぴ び や⇔ケ∇グル⊥ (The Fariqat t hat separat e, t he Mulqiyat t hat remind, excusing or warning.) meaning, t he angels. This was said by Ibn Mas` ud, Ibn ` Abbas, Masruq, Muj ahid, Qat adah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, As-Suddi and At h-Thawri. There is no difference of opinion here, because t hey (t he angels) are t he ones who descend wit h Allah's command t o t he Messengers, separat ing bet ween t he t rut h and falsehood, guidance and misguidance, and t he lawful and t he forbidden. They bring t he revelat ion t o t he Messengers, which cont ains exempt ion or absolvement for t he creat ures and a warning for t hem of Allah's t orment if t hey oppose His command. Allah said,

び ノ∀ ホ͡ ヲ∠ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギハ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, what you are promised will occur.) This is t he subj ect of t hese oat hs. This means, what you all have been promised concerning t he est ablishment of t he Hour (Judgement Day), t he blowing of t he horn, t he resurrect ion of t he bodies, t he gat hering of t hose of old and t hose of lat t er t imes on one common ground and t he rewarding of every doer of a deed based upon his deed. If he did good, t hen his reward will be good, and if he did evil, t hen his reward will be evil. All of t his will occur, meaning it will come t o pass and t here is no avoiding it .

A Mention of some of what will occur on the Day of Judgement Then Allah says,

び ∇ろジ ∠ ヨ͡ デ ⊥ ュ⊥ ヲ⊥イレぁ ャや や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (Then when t he st ars lose t heir light s.) meaning, t heir light will leave. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び ∇れケ∠ ギ∠ ム∠ ルや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥イレぁ ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he st ar fall.) (81:2) It is also similar t o His st at ement ,

び ∇れゲ∠ ん∠ わ∠ ルや ょ ⊥ ミ͡ や∠ヲム∠ ∇ャや やク∠ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he st ars have fallen and scat t ered.) (82:2) Then Allah says,

び ∇ろィ ∠ ゲ͡ プ⊥ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when Furij at t he heaven.) meaning, it is cleft asunder, becomes split , it s sides fall and it s edges become weak.

び ∇ろヘ∠ ジ ͡ ル⊥ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he mount ains are blown away.) meaning, t hey will be removed and no sight or t race of t hem will remain. This is as Allah says,

び ゅ⇔ヘ∇ジル∠ ヴあよケ∠ ゅ∠ヰヘ⊥ ジ ͡ レ∠Α ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey ask you concerning t he mount ains: Say, "My Lord will blast t hem and scat t er t hem as part icles of dust .'') (20:105) Allah also says,

り⇔ コ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠よ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ン∠ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ あΒジ ∠ ル⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ "ぴ び や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ケキ͡ ゅ∠ピル⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ゲゼ ∠ェ ∠ ヱ∠ (And (remember) t he Day We shall cause t he mount ains t o pass away (like clouds of dust ), and you will see t he eart h as a leveled plain, and we shall gat her t hem all t oget her so as t o leave not one of t hem behind.) (18:47) Then He says,

び ∇ろわ∠ ホあ ぺ⊥ モ ⊥シ ⊥ ぁゲャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he Messengers are Uqqit at .) Al-` Awfi narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said t hat Uqqit at means "Gat hered.'' Ibn Zayd said, "This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び∠モシ ⊥ ゲぁ ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day when Allah will gat her t he Messengers t oget her.) Muj ahid said,

び∇ろわ∠ ホあ ぺ⊥ぴ (Uqqit at .) "This means post poned.'' At h-Thawri narrat ed from Mansur, who narrat ed from Ibrahim t hat he said concerning t he word,

び∇ろわ∠ ホあ ぺ⊥ぴ (Uqqit at .) "This means promised.'' It seems as t hough he holds t his t o be similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ノ∠ ッ ͡ ヱ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよあ ケ∠ ケ͡ ヲ⊥レよ͡ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや ろ ͡ ホ∠ ゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢͡ へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ ∇ΒΒあ ら͡ レｚ ャゅ͡よ ￢∠ ヴ⇒͡ィヱ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ (And t he eart h will shine wit h t he light of it s Lord: and t he Book will be produced; and t he Prophet s and t he wit nesses will be brought forward; and it will be j udged bet ween t hem wit h t rut h, and t hey will not be wronged.) (39:69) Then Allah says,

ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ - モ ͡ ∇ダヘ∠ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ - ∇ろヤ∠ィ あ ぺ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヵ あ Ε ∠ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ - モ ͡ ∇ダヘ∠ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ (For what Day are t hese signs post poned For t he Day of Sort ing Out . And what will explain t o you what is t he Day of Sort ing Out Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers!) Allah is saying, ` for which day are t he Messengers post poned and t heir mat t er expect ed, so t hat t he Hour will be est ablished' This is as Allah says,

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇ハヱ∠ ブ ∠ ヤ͡∇ガョ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや リ ｚ ら∠ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや メ ⊥ ｚギら∠ ゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ュ∃ ゅ∠ボわ͡ ルや ヱ⊥ク ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ び ケ͡ ゅｚヰボ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ ェ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇やヱ⊥コゲ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや (So t hink not t hat Allah will fail t o keep His promise t o His Messengers. Cert ainly, Allah is Almight y, All-Able of Ret ribut ion. On t he Day when t he eart h will be changed t o anot her eart h and so will be t he heavens, and t hey will appear before Allah, t he One, t he Irresist ible.) (14:47, 48) This is t he Day of Sort ing Out , as Allah says,

びモ ͡ ∇ダヘ∠ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ (t he Day of Sort ing Out .) Then Allah says, in magnifying it s mat t er,

グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ - モ ͡ ∇ダヘ∠ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ (And what will explain t o you what is t he Day of Sort ing Out Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers.) meaning, woe unt o t hem from Allah's t orment t hat is coming in t he fut ure.

マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ バ⊥ ら͡ ∇わル⊥ ｚユを⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘやマ ͡ ヤ͡∇ヰル⊥ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ユぁムボ⊥ヤ∇ガル∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ケ∃ ギ∠ ホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ∃ Β͡ムョｚ ケ∃ や∠ゲホ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ リ ∃ Β͡ヰョｚ ￢∃ べｚョ リあョ リ ∠ Βよ͡ グあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケギ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇バレ͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ケギ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ュ∃ ヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ⇔ゅゎヲ∇ョ∠ぺ∠ヱ ￢⇔ べ∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ゅ⇔ゎゅ∠ヘミ͡ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや モ ͡ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ ゅ⇔ゎや∠ゲプ⊥ ￢⇔ べｚョ ユ⊥ム⇒∠レ∇Βボ∠ ∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ガヨ͡ ⇒∠セ ヴ ∠シ ͡ や∠ヱケ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ びリ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ (16. Did We not dest roy t he ancient s) (17. So shall We make lat er generat ions t o follow t hem.) (18. Thus do We deal wit h t he criminals.) (19. Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers!) (20. Did We not creat e you from a despised wat er) (21. Then We placed it in a place of safet y,) (22. For a known period) (23. So We did measure; and We are t he best t o measure.) (24. Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers!) (25. Have We not made t he eart h Kifat (a recept acle)) (26. For t he living and t he dead) (27. And have placed t herein fixed t owers, and have given you Furat wat er) (28. Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers!)

The Call to contemplate the various Manifestations of Allah's Power Allah says,

びリ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘやマ ͡ ヤ͡∇ヰル⊥ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Did We not dest roy t he ancient s) meaning, t hose who rej ect ed t he Messengers and opposed what t hey came t o t hem wit h.

びリ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ͡Ι ｘ や ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ バ⊥ ら͡ ∇わル⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (So shall We make lat er generat ions t o follow t hem.) meaning, from t hose who are similar t o t hem. Thus, Allah says,

びリ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ モ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ (Thus do We deal wit h t he criminals. Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers!) Ibn Jarir said t his. Then Allah reminding His creat ures of His favor, and using t he beginning of creat ion t o support t he idea of repeat ing it , He says:

びリ ∃ Β͡ヰョｚ ￢∃ べｚョ リあョ ユぁムボ⊥ヤ∇ガル∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Did We not creat e you from a despised wat er) meaning, weak and despised in comparison t o t he power of t he Creat or. This is similar t o what has been report ed in t he Hadit h of Busr bin Jahhash (t hat Allah says),

モ ͡ ∇んョ͡ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ルゴ⊥ ͡イ∇バゎ⊥ ヴ∇ルぺ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ∠ ∇よや» «∨͡ログ͡ ワ∠ ("(O) Son of Adam ! How can you t hink t hat I am unable, and yet I creat ed you from somet hing like t his (i.e., semen)'')

びリ ∃ Β͡ムョｚ ケ∃ や∠ゲホ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Then We placed it in a place of safet y,) meaning, ` We gat hered him in t he womb, where t he fluid of t he man and t he woman set t les. The womb has been prepared for t his, as a prot ect or of t he fluid deposit ed in it . Allah said:

び ュ∃ ヲ⊥ヤ∇バョｚ ケ∃ ギ∠ ホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (For a known period) meaning, for a fixed period of t ime, which is from six mont hs t o nine mont hs. Thus, Allah says,

びリ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケギ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇バレ͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ケギ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So We did measure; and We are t he best t o measure. Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers!) Then Allah says,

び ⇔ゅゎヲ∇ョ∠ぺ∠ヱ ￢⇔ べ∠Β∇ェぺ∠ - ゅ⇔ゎゅ∠ヘミ͡ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘやモ ͡ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Have We not made t he eart h Kifat for t he living and t he dead) Ibn ` Abbas said, "Kifat means a place of shelt er.'' Muj ahid said, "It holds t he dead so t hat not hing is seen of it .'' Ash-Sha` bi said, "It s int erior is for your dead and it s surface is for your living.'' Muj ahid and Qat adah also said t his.

び∃ろ⇒∠ガヨ͡ ⇒∠セ ヴ ∠シ ͡ や∠ヱケ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And have placed t herein fixed t owers,) meaning, t he mount ains. The eart h is held in place wit h t hem so t hat it does not shake and sway.

び⇔ゅゎや∠ゲプ⊥ ￢⇔ べｚョ ユ⊥ム⇒∠レ∇Βボ∠ ∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (and have given you Furat wat er) meaning, cold and delicious wat er from t he clouds or from what He causes t o gush fort h from t he springs of t he eart h.

びリ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱぴ (Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers!) meaning, woe t o whoever reflect s upon t hese creat ed t hings which demonst rat e t he great ness of t heir Creat or, t hen aft er t hat cont inues t o rej ect Him and disbelieve in Him.

ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ͡ト ∠ ルや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ͡ト ∠ ルやぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∃ Β͡ヤニ ∠ Ι ｚ -ょ ∃ バ∠ セ ⊥ ゑ ͡ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ン͡ク モ ｙニ ͡ ∀るヤ∠⇒∠ヨィ ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ - ゲ͡ ∇ダボ∠ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ケ∃ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ よ͡ ヴョ͡ ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ - ょ ͡ ヰ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボト ͡ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ リ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ ∀ゲ∇ヘタ ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ͡ わ∠ ∇バΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ク∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ ム∠ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡みプ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バヨ∠ ィ ∠ モ ͡ ∇ダヘ∠ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ びリ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ ラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギΒ͡ムプ∠ ∀ギ∇Β∠ミ (29. (It will be said t o t he disbelievers): "Depart you t o t hat which you used t o deny!'') (30. "Depart you t o a shadow in t hree columns,'') (31. "Neit her shady nor of any use against t he fierce flame of t he Fire.'') (32. Verily, it (Hell) t hrows sparks (huge) as Al-Qasr,) (33. As if t hey were Sufr camels.) (34. Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers (of t he Day of Resurrect ion)!) (35. That will be a Day when t hey shall not speak (during some part of it ),) (36. And t hey will not be permit t ed t o put fort h any excuse.) (37. Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers (of t he Day of Resurrect ion)!) (38. That will be a Day of Decision! We have brought you and t he men of old t oget her!) (39. So, if you have a plot , use it against Me (Allah)!) (40. Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers (of t he Day of Resurrect ion)!)

The driving of the Criminals to their Final Abode in Hell and how it will be done Allah informs about t he disbelievers who deny t he final abode, t he recompense, Paradise, and t he Hellfire. On t he Day of Judgement it will be said t o t hem:

ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ͡ト ∠ ルや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヤ͡ト ∠ ルやぴ びょ ∃ バ∠ セ ⊥ ゑ ͡ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ン͡ク モ ｙニ ͡ (Depart you t o t hat which you used t o deny! Depart you t o a shadow in t hree columns,) meaning, a flame of fire when it rises and ascends wit h smoke. So due t o it s severit y and st rengt h, it will have t hree columns.

びょ ͡ ヰ∠ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∃ Β͡ヤニ ∠ Ι ｚぴ (Neit her shady nor of any use against t he fierce flame of t he Fire.) meaning, shade of t he smoke t hat comes from t he flame -- which it self will not have a shade, nor will it benefit against t he flame. This means it will not prot ect t hem from t he heat of t he flame. Allah said,

び ゲ͡ ∇ダボ∠ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ケ∃ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ よ͡ ヴ͡ョ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, it t hrows sparks as Al-Qasr,) meaning, it s sparks will shoot out from it s flame like huge cast les. Ibn Mas` ud said, "Like fort s.'' Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Qat adah and Malik who report ed from Zayd bin Aslam and ot hers said, "This means t he t runk of t rees.''

び ∀ゲ∇ヘタ ⊥ ∀るヤ∠⇒∠ヨィ ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ぴ (As if t hey were Sufr camels.) means, black camels. This is t he view of Muj ahid, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, and Ad-Dahhak, and Ibn Jarir favored t his view. Ibn ` Abbas Muj ahid, and Sa` id bin Jubayr said about ,

び∀ゲ∇ヘタ ⊥ ∀るヤ∠⇒∠ヨィ ͡ぴ (Sufr camels.) "Meaning ropes of ships.''

び ゲ͡ ∇ダボ∠ ∇ャゅ∠ミ ケ∃ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ よ͡ ヴ͡ョ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, it (Hell) t hrows sparks as Al-Qasr.) Imam Al-Bukhari recorded from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said: "We were direct ed t o t he t imber a lengt h of t hree cubit s or more in order t o use it for const ruct ion of buildings. We used t o call it Al-Qasr.

び ∀ゲ∇ヘタ ⊥ ∀るヤ∠⇒∠ヨィ ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ぴ (As if t hey were Sufr camels.) These (Jimalat ) are ropes of ships t hat are bundled unt il t hey resemble t he int est ines of men.''

びリ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱぴ (Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers!)

The Inability of the Criminals to speak, make Excuses, or step forward on the Day of Judgement Then Allah says,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボト ͡ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (That will be a Day when t hey shall not speak,) meaning, t hey will not speak.

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ͡ わ∠ ∇バΒ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ク∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will not be permit t ed t o put fort h any excuse.) meaning, t hey will not be able t o speak, nor will t hey be grant ed permission t o speak so t hat t hey can make excuses. Rat her, t he proof will be est ablished against t hem, and t hey will be called upon t o speak about t he wrong t hat t hey did, but t hey will not be able t o say anyt hing. The court s of t he Day of Judgement will occur in st ages. Somet imes t he Lord informs of t his st age and somet imes He informs of t hat st age. This is t o show t he t errors and calamit ies of t hat Day. Thus, aft er all t he det ails of t his discussion, He says:

びリ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱぴ (Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers!) Then Allah says,

ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡みプ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バヨ∠ ィ ∠ モ ͡ ∇ダヘ∠ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギΒ͡ムプ∠ ∀ギ∇Β∠ミ ユ⊥ ム∠ャ (That will be a Day of Decision! We have brought you and t he men of old t oget her! So if you have a plot , use it against Me!) This is an address from t he Creat or t o His servant s. He says t o t hem,

びリ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バヨ∠ ィ ∠ モ ͡ ∇ダヘ∠ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ (That will be a Day of Decision! We have brought you and t he men of old t oget her!) meaning, He will gat her all of t hem by His power on one common plane, He will make t hem hear t he caller and He will cause t hem t o see. Then He says,

びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギΒ͡ムプ∠ ∀ギ∇Β∠ミ ユ⊥ ム∠ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ (So, if you have a plot , use it against Me!) This is a serious t hreat and a harsh warning. It means, ` if you are able t o save yourselves from being seized by Me, and rescue yourselves from My ruling, t hen do so. But you are cert ainly not able t o do so.' This is as Allah says,

∇やヱ⊥グヘ⊥ レ∠ゎ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト ∠ わ∠ ∇シや ラ ͡ ま͡ ザ ͡ ル͡Ηや∠ヱ リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バヨ∠ Αぴ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥グヘ⊥ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グヘ⊥ ルゅ∠プ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゲ͡ ⇒∠ト∇ホぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ びリ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤジ ⊥ よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ (O assembly of Jinn and men! If you have power t o pass beyond t he zones of t he heavens and t he eart h, t hen pass beyond (t hem)! But you will never be able t o pass t hem, except wit h aut horit y (from Allah)!) (55:33) Allah also says,

びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱぁゲツ ⊥ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And you will not harm Him in t he least .) (11:57) It is narrat ed in a Hadit h (t hat Allah said),

∇リャ∠ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ルヲ⊥バヘ∠ ∇レわ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡バ∇ヘル∠ やヲ⊥ピヤ⊥∇らゎ∠ ∇リャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ∩ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ゅ∠Α» «ヶ͡ルヱぁゲツ ⊥ わ∠ プ∠ ヵあゲッ ∠ やヲ⊥ピヤ⊥∇らゎ∠ ("O My servant s! You all can never at t ain My benefit and t hereby benefit Me, and you all can never at t ain My harm and t hereby harm Me.'')

ゅｚヨョ͡ ヮ∠ ミ͡ ヲ∠ プ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∃ ヲ⊥Βハ ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ∃ ⇒∠ヤニ ͡ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ゅｚル͡ま ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∠ Β͡レワ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バミ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バミ∠ ∇ケや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゑ ∃ Α͡ギェ ∠ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ リ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠

(41. Verily, t hose who had Taqwa, shall be amidst shades and springs.) (42. And fruit s, such as t hey desire.) (43. "Eat and drink comfort ably for t hat which you used t o do.'') (44. Verily, t hus We reward t he Muhsinin.) (45. Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers!) (46. Eat and enj oy yourselves for a lit t le while. Verily, you are criminals.) (47. Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers!) (48. And when it is said t o t hem: "Bow down yourself!'' They bow not down.) (49. Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers!) (50. Then in what st at ement aft er t his will t hey believe) r camels.) These (Jimalat ) are ropes of ships t hat are bundled unt il t hey resemble t he int est ines of men.''

びリ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱぴ (Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers!) esµA ? Verily, t hose who had Taqwa, shall be amidst shades and springs.) (42. And fruit s, such as t hey desire.) (43. "Eat and drink comfort ably for t hat which you used t o do.'') (44. Verily, t hus We reward t he Muhsinin.) (45. Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers!) (46. Eat and enj oy yourselves for a lit t le while. Verily, you are criminals.) (47. Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers!) (48. And when it is said t o t hem: "Bow down yourself!'' They bow not down.) (49. Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers!) (50. Then in what st at ement aft er t his will t hey believe)

The Final Abode for Those Who have Taqwa Allah informs t hat His servant s who have Taqwa and worship Him by performing t he obligat ions and abandoning t he forbidden t hings, will be in gardens and springs on t he Day of Judgement . This means t hey will be in t he opposit e condit ion of t he wret ched people, who will be in shades of Al-Yahmum, which is purt rid, black smoke. Allah says,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヮ∠ ミ͡ ヲ∠ プ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And fruit s, such as t hey desire.) meaning, and from ot her t ypes of fruit s, t hey will have what ever t hey request .

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∠ Β͡レワ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ぴ (Eat and drink comfort ably for t hat which you used t o do.) meaning, t his will be said t o t hem out of kindness for t hem. Reest ablishing what He has previously ment ioned, Allah says;

びリ ∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや ン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, t hus We reward t he Muhsinin.) meaning, ` t his is Our reward for whoever does good deeds.'

びリ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱぴ (Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers!)

A Threat for Whoever denies the Day of Judgement Allah says,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ぴ (Eat and enj oy yourselves for a lit t le while. Verily, you are criminals.) This is an address t o t he deniers of t he Day of Judgement . It is commanding t hem wit h a command of t hreat and int imidat ion. Allah says, s

び⇔ΚΒ͡ヤホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バわｚ ヨ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ぴ (Eat and enj oy yourselves for a lit t le while.) meaning, for a period of t ime t hat is short , small and brief.

び∠ラヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, you are criminals.) meaning, t hen you all will be driven t o t he fire of Hell which has already been ment ioned.

びリ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱぴ (Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers!) This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

びナ ∃ Β͡ヤビ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲぁ ト ∠ ∇ツル∠ ｚユを⊥ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ あわヨ∠ ル⊥ ぴ (We let t hem enj oy for a lit t le while, t hen in t he end We shall oblige t hem t o a great t orment .) (31:24) Allah also says,

Ι ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ギ∠ Α͡ギゼ ｚ ャや ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ボ⊥ Α͡グル⊥ (Verily, t hose who invent a lie against Allah, will never be successsful. (A brief) enj oyment in t his world! And t hen unt o Us will be t heir ret urn, t hen We shall make t hem t ast e t he severest t orment because t hey used t o disbelieve.) (10:69,70) Then Allah says,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バミ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バミ∠ ∇ケや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま∠ヱぴ

(And when it is said t o t hem: "Bow down yourself!'' They bow not down.) meaning, when t hese ignorant disbelievers are ordered t o pray wit h t he congregat ion (of believers), t hey refuse and t urn away from it arrogant ly. Thus, Allah says,

びリ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱぴ (Woe t hat Day t o t he deniers!) Then Allah says,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゑ ∃ Α͡ギェ ∠ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ぴ (Then in what st at ement aft er t his will t hey believe) meaning, if t hey do not believe in t his Qur'an, t hen what t alk will t hey believe in This is as Allah says,

び∠ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや￢∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゑ ∃ Α͡ギェ ∠ ン あ ほ∠ら͡ プ∠ ぴ (Then in which speech aft er Allah and His Ayat will t hey believe) (45: 6) This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Mursalat , and all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah. He is t he Giver of success and securit y.

The Tafsir of Surat An-Naba (Chapter - 78) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Beneficent , t he Most Merciful.

ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ン͡グャｚや - ユ͡ Βヌ ͡ バ∠ ∇ャや み͡ら∠ レｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジわ∠ Α∠ ユｚ ハ ∠ぴ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Β∠シ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Β∠シ Κ ｚ ミ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガョ⊥ - や⇔キゅ∠ゎ∇ヱぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ - や⇔ギ⇒∠ヰョ͡ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘや モ ͡ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ゎゅ∠らシ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲル∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ィ∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βレ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔セゅ∠バョ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔シゅ∠らャ͡ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ィゅｚワヱ∠ ゅ⇔ィや∠ゲシ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔キや∠ギセ ͡ ゅ⇔バ∇らシ ∠

ゅ⇔ら∂ ェ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガレ⊥ ャあ - ゅ⇔ィゅｚイを∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ れ ͡ や∠ゲダ ͡ ∇バヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ び ゅ⇔プゅ∠ヘ∇ャぺ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ゎゅ∠らル∠ ヱ∠ (1. What are t hey asking about ) (2. About t he great news,) (3. About which t hey are in disagreement .) (4. Nay, t hey will come t o know!) (5. Nay, again, t hey will come t o know!) (6. Have We not made t he eart h as a bed,) (7. And t he mount ains as pegs) (8. And We have creat ed you in pairs.) (9. And We have made your sleep as a t hing for rest .) (10. And We have made t he night as a covering,) (11. And We have made t he day for livelihood.) (12. And We have built above you seven st rong,) (13. And We have made (t herein) a shining lamp.) (14. And We have sent down from t he Mu` sirat wat er Thaj j aj .) (15. That We may produce t herewit h grains and veget at ions,) (16. And gardens t hat are Alfaf.)

Refutation against the Idolators' Denial of the Occurrence of the Day of Judgement In rej ect ion of t he idolat ors' quest ioning about t he Day of Judgement , due t o t heir denial of it s occurrence, Allah says,

び ユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや み͡ら∠ レｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ -ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジわ∠ Α∠ ユｚ ハ ∠ぴ (What are t hey asking about About t he great news,) meaning, what are t hey asking about They are asking about t he mat t er of t he Day of Judgement , and it is t he great news. Meaning t he dreadful, horrifying, overwhelming informat ion.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガョ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ン͡グャｚやぴ (About which t hey are in disagreement .) meaning, t he people are divided int o t wo ideas about it . There are t hose who believe in it and t hose who disbelieve in it . Then Allah t hreat ens t hose who deny t he Day of Judgement by saying,

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Β∠シ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Β∠シ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay, t hey will come t o know! Nay, again, t hey will come t o know!) This is a severe t hreat and a direct warning.

Mentioning Allah's Power, and the Proof of His Ability to resurrect the Dead Then, Allah begins t o explain His great abilit y t o creat e st range t hings and amazing mat t ers. He brings t his as a proof of His abilit y t o do what ever He wishes concerning t he mat t er of t he Hereaft er and ot her mat t ers as well. He says,

び や⇔ギ⇒∠ヰョ͡ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘやモ ͡ バ∠ ∇イル∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Have We not made t he eart h as a bed,) meaning, an est ablished, firm and peaceful rest ing place t hat is subservient t o t hem.

び や⇔キゅ∠ゎ∇ヱぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And t he mount ains as pegs) meaning, He made t hem as pegs for t he eart h t o hold it in place, make it st able and firm. This is so t hat it may be suit able for dwelling and not quake wit h t hose who are in it . Then Allah says,

び ゅ⇔ィ∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ∠ヱぴ (And We have creat ed you in pairs.) meaning, male and female, bot h of t hem enj oying each ot her, and by t his means procreat ion is achieved. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

ゅ⇔ィ∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ び⇔るヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ キｚ ヲ∠ ョｚ ユ⊥ムレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レム⊥ ∇ジわ∠ ャあ (And among His signs is t his t hat He creat ed for you wives from among yourselves, t hat you may find repose in t hem, and He has put bet ween you affect ion and mercy.) (30:21)

び ゅ⇔ゎゅ∠らシ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲル∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have made your sleep as a t hing for rest .) meaning, a cessat ion of movement in order t o at t ain rest from t he frequent repet it ion and going about in search of livelihood during t he day. A similar Ayah has been ment ioned previously in Surat Al-Furqan.

び ゅ⇔シゅ∠らャ͡ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have made t he night as a covering,) meaning, it s shade and darkness covers t he people. This is as Allah says,

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱぴ (By t he night as it conceals it .) (91:4) Qat adah comment ed;

び ゅ⇔シゅ∠らャ͡ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And We have made t he night as a covering,) meaning, a t ranquil residence. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ゅ⇔セゅ∠バョ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have made t he day for livelihood.) meaning, ` We made it radiant , luminous, and shining so t hat t he people would be able t o move about in it .' By it t hey are able t o come and go for t heir livelihood, earning, business dealings and ot her t han t hat as well. In reference t o Allah's st at ement ,

び や⇔キや∠ギセ ͡ ゅ⇔バ∇らシ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βレ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have built above you seven st rong,) meaning, t he seven heavens in t heir vast ness, loft iness, perfect ion, precision, and adornment wit h bot h st able and moving st ars. Thus, Allah says,

び ゅ⇔ィゅｚワヱ∠ ゅ⇔ィや∠ゲシ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We have made (t herein) a shining lamp.) meaning, t he radiant sun t hat gives light t o all of t he world. It s light glows for all of t he people of t he eart h. Allah t hen says,

び ゅ⇔ィゅｚイを∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ れ ͡ や∠ゲダ ͡ ∇バヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And We have sent down from t he Mu` sirat wat er Thaj j aj .) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "From t he Mu` sirat means from t he clouds.'' This was also st at ed by ` Ikrimah, Abu Al-` Aliyah, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, At h-Thawri, and it is preferred by Ibn Jarir. Al-Farra' said, "They are t he clouds t hat are filled wit h rain, but t hey do not bring rain. This is like t he woman being called Mu` sir when (t he t ime of) her menst rual cycle approaches, yet she does not menst ruat e.'' This is as Allah says,

ヮ⊥ ト ⊥ジ ⊥ ∇らΒ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔よゅ∠エシ ∠ ゲ⊥ Β͡んわ⊥ プ∠ ウ ∠ ⇒∠Αゲあ ャや モ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ ン∠ゲわ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ∠ジミ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ び͡ヮ͡ャ∠Κ͡カ ∇リョ͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ベ ∠ ∇キヲ∠ ∇ャや (Allah is He Who sends t he winds, so t hat t hey raise clouds, and spread t hem along t he sky as He wills, and t hen break t hem int o fragment s, unt il you see rain drops come fort h from t heir midst !) (30:48) meaning, from it s midst . Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔ゅィゅｚイを∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョぴ

(wat er Thaj j aj ) Muj ahid, Qat adah, and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas all said, "Thaj j aj means poured out .'' At -Thawri said, "Cont inuous.'' Ibn Zayd said, "Abundant .'' In t he Hadit h of t he woman wit h prolonged menst rual bleeding, when t he Messenger of Allah said t o her,

«ブ⊥シ∇ゲム⊥ ∇ャや マ ͡ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠» (I suggest you t o make an absorbent clot h for yourself.)'' Meaning, ` dress t he area wit h cot t on.' The woman replied, "O Messenger of Allah! It (t he bleeding) is t oo much for t hat . Verily, it flows in profusely (Thaj j a).'' This cont ains an evidence for using t he word Thaj j t o mean abundant , cont inuous and flowing. And Allah knows best . Allah said,

び ゅ⇔プゅ∠ヘ∇ャぺ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ゎゅ∠らル∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ら∂ ェ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ガレ⊥ ャあぴ (That We may produce t herewit h corn and veget at ion, and gardens t hat are Alfaf.) meaning, ` so t hat We may bring out great abundance, goodness, benefit , and blessing t hrough t his wat er.'

びゅ⇔ら∂ ェ ∠ぴ (grains) This refers t o t hat which is preserved for (t he usage) of humans and cat t le.

び⇔ゅゎゅ∠らル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and veget at ions) meaning, veget ables t hat are eat en fresh.

び∃ろ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And gardens) meaning, gardens of various fruit s, differing colors, and a wide variet y of t ast es and fragrances, even if it is ingat hered at one locat ion of t he eart h. This is why Allah says

び ゅ⇔プゅ∠ヘ∇ャぺ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And gardens t hat are Alfaf.) Ibn ` Abbas and ot her said, "Alfaf means gat hered.'' This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

∇リョあ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ∠ヱ れ ∀ ケ∠ ヲ͡ ⇒∠イわ∠ ョぁ ノ∀ ト ∠ ホ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ ラ ∃ ヲ∠ ∇レタ ͡ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∀ ヲ∠ ∇レタ ͡ ∀モΒ͡ガ∠ル∠ヱ ネ ∀ ∇ケコ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠

ヴ͡プ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ モ ⊥ あツヘ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ギ∃ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ￢∃ べ∠ヨよ͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ジΑ⊥ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΓ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ モ ͡ ミ⊥ Ι ｙや (And in t he eart h are neighboring t ract s, and gardens of vines, and green crops, and dat e palms, growing int o t wo or t hree from a single st em root , or ot herwise, wat ered wit h t he same wat er; yet some of t hem We make more excellent t han ot hers t o eat . Verily, in t hese t hings t here are Ayat for t he people who underst and.) (13:4)

ヴ͡プ オ ⊥ ヘ∠ レ⊥Α ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ゅ⇔わ⇒∠ボΒ͡ョ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ モ ͡ ∇ダヘ∠ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ろ ͡ エ ∠ わ͡ プ⊥ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ィや∠ヲ∇プぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほわ∠ プ∠ ケ͡ ヲぁダャや ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ゅ⇔よや∠ゲシ ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや れ ͡ ゲ∠ Βあ シ ⊥ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔よ∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡んら͡ ⇒ｚャ - ゅ⇔よゅ∠⇒ョ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ピ⇒ｚトヤあャ - や⇔キゅ∠タ∇ゲョ͡ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ゅ⇔よや∠ゲセ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔キ∇ゲよ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グΑ∠ Ι ｚ - ゅ⇔よゅ∠ボ∇ェぺ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ - ゅ⇔ボ⇒∠プヱ͡ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ - ゅ⇔ホゅｚジビ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヨェ ∠ び ゅ⇔よやｚグミ͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔よゅ∠ジェ ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ Α͡ゴルｚ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ - ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠ダ∇ェ∠ぺ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ (17. Verily, t he Day of Decision is a fixed t ime,) (18. The Day when t he Trumpet will be blown, and you shall come fort h in crowds.) (19. And t he heaven shall be opened, and it will become as gat es.) (20. And t he mount ains shall be moved away from t heir places and t hey will be as if t hey were a mirage.) (21. Truly, Hell is a place of ambush) (22. A dwelling place for t he Taghun,) (23. They will abide t herein Ahqab.) (24. Not hing cool shall t hey t ast e t herein, nor any drink.) (25. Except Hamim, and Ghassaq) (26. An exact recompense (according t o t heir evil crimes).) (27. For verily, t hey used not t o look for a reckoning.) (28. But t hey denied Our Ayat Kidhdhaba.) (29. And all t hings We have recorded in a Book.) (30. So t ast e you. No increase shall We give you, except in t orment .)

Explaining the Day of Decision and what occurs during it

Allah says about t he Day of Decision -- and it is t he Day of Judgement -- t hat it is at a fixed t ime, wit h a set appoint ment . It s t ime cannot be added t o or decreased. No one knows it s exact t ime except Allah. This is as Allah says,

び ∃キヱ⊥ギ∇バョｚ モ ∃ィ ∠Ι ６ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ あカぽ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And We delay it only for a t erm fixed.) (11:104)

び ゅ⇔ィや∠ヲ∇プぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほわ∠ プ∠ ケ͡ ヲぁダャや ヴ͡プ オ ⊥ ヘ∠ レ⊥Α ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day when t he Trumpet will be blown, and you shall come fort h in crowds.) Muj ahid said, "Groups aft er groups.'' Ibn Jarir said, "This means t hat each nat ion will come wit h it s Messenger. It is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ⇒∠ョみ͡よ͡ サ ∃ ゅ∠ルぺ⊥ ｚモミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ハ∇ギル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day when We shall call t oget her all human beings wit h t heir Imam.) (17:71)'' Al-Bukhari report ed concerning t he explanat ion of Allah's st at ement ,

び ゅ⇔ィや∠ヲ∇プぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほわ∠ プ∠ ケ͡ ヲぁダャや ヴ͡プ オ ⊥ ヘ∠ レ⊥Α ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day when t he Trumpet will be blown, and you shall come fort h in crowds.) Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ラヲ⊥バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ガ ∠ ∇ヘレｚ ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ» (That which is bet ween t he t wo blowings is fort y.) Someone asked, "Is it fort y days, O Abu Hurayrah'' But he (Abu Hurayrah) refused t o reply, saying "no comment .'' They t hen asked, "Is it fort y mont hs'' But he (Abu Hurayrah) refused t o reply, saying "no comment .'' They asked again, "Is it fort y years'' But he (Abu Hurayrah) refused t o reply, saying "no comment .'' (Abu Hurayrah added:) "Then t he Prophet went on t o say,

ろ ⊥ ら⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠ミ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わら⊥ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ ￢⇔ ゅ∠ョ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇レΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ » ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヌハ ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∩ヴ∠ヤ∇らΑ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∀￢∇ヶ∠セ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ジ∇ルみ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ∩⊥モ∇ボら∠ ∇ャや ペ ⊥ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ｚミゲ∠ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∩͡ょル∠ グｚ ャや ょ ⊥ ∇イハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠

(Then Allah will send down a rain from t he sky and t he dead body will sprout j ust as a green plant sprout s. Every part of t he last person will det eriorat e except for one bone, and it is t he coccyx bone (t ailbone). From it t he creat ion will be assembled on t he Day of Judgement .)''

び ⇔ゅよ∠ヲ∇よ∠ぺ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ろ ͡ エ ∠ わ͡ プ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he heaven shall be opened, and it will become as gat es.) meaning, pat hs, and rout es for t he descending of t he angels.

び ゅ⇔よや∠ゲシ ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや れ ͡ ゲ∠ Βあ シ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he mount ains shall be moved away from t heir places and t hey will be as if t hey were a mirage.) This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

ゲｚ ョ∠ ぁゲヨ⊥ ゎ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ィ ゅ∠ヰら⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ン∠ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ び͡ゆゅ∠エジ ｚ ャや (And you will see t he mount ains and t hink t hem solid, but t hey shall pass away as t he passing away of t he clouds.) (27:88) He also says,

びス ͡ ヲ⊥ヘレ∠ヨ∇ャや リ ͡ ∇ヰバ͡ ∇ャゅ∠ミ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he mount ain will be like carded wool.) (101:5) And Allah says here,

び⇔ゅよや∠ゲシ ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ぴ (As if t hey were a mirage.) meaning, t hey appear t o t he one who looks at t hem as if t hey are somet hing, but t hey are act ually not hing. Aft er t his t hey will be complet ely removed. Not hing will be seen of t hem, and t here will be neit her base nor t race of t hem. This is as Allah says,

- ゅ⇔ヘ∇ジル∠ ヴあよケ∠ ゅ∠ヰヘ⊥ ジ ͡ レ∠Α ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ Ι∠ヱ ゅ⇔ィ∠ヲハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ン∠ゲゎ∠ Ι ｚ - ゅ⇔ヘ∠ダ∇ヘタ ∠ ゅ⇔ハゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ワケ⊥ グ∠ Β∠ プ∠ び ゅ⇔わ∇ョぺ∠ (And t hey ask you concerning t he mount ains, say: "My Lord will blast t hem and scat t er t hem as part icles of dust . Then He shall leave t hem as a level smoot h plain. You will see t herein not hing crooked or curved.'') (20:105-107) And He says,

び⇔りコ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠よ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ン∠ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ あΒジ ∠ ル⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ "ぴ (And t he Day We shall cause t he mount ains t o pass away, and you will see t he eart h as a leveled plain.) (18:47) Allah t hen says,

び や⇔キゅ∠タ∇ゲョ͡ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, Hell is a place of ambush) meaning, it is wait ing in preparat ion.

び∠リΒ͡ピ⇒ｚトヤ͡ャぴ (for t he Taghun) These are t he disobedient rej ect ors who oppose t he Messengers.

び⇔ゅよゅ∠⇒∠ョぴ (A dwelling place) meaning, a place of ret urn, final dest inat ion, final out come, and residence. Allah said,

び ゅ⇔よゅ∠ボ∇ェぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡んら͡ ⇒ｚャぴ (They will abide t herein Ahqab.) meaning, t hey will remain in it for Ahqab, which is t he plural of Huqb. Huqb means a period of t ime. Khalid bin Ma` dan said, "This Ayah, and t he Ayah,

び∠マよぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ except your Lord wills. )11:107( bot h refer t o t he people of Tawhメ0d. Ibn Jar0r recorded t his st at ement . Ibn Jar0r also recorded from Sa0lim t hat he heard Al-Hメasan being asked about Alla0h s st at ement ,

び ゅ⇔よゅ∠ボ∇ェぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡んら͡ ⇒ｚャぴ (They will abide t herein Ahqab) "In reference t o Ahqab, it has no specific amount of t ime ot her t han it s general meaning of et ernit y in t he Hellfire. However, t hey have ment ioned t hat t he Huqb is sevent y years, and every day of it is like one t housand years according t o your reckoning (in t his life).'' Sa` id report ed from Qat adah t hat he said, "Allah says,

び ゅ⇔よゅ∠ボ∇ェぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡んら͡ ⇒ｚャぴ (They will abide t herein Ahqab.) (78:23) And it is t hat which has no end t o it . Whenever one era comes t o an end, a new era follows it . It has been ment ioned t o us t hat t he Huqb is eight y years.'' Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said,

び ゅ⇔よゅ∠ボ∇ェぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Β͡んら͡ ⇒ｚャぴ (They will abide t herein Ahqab) "No one knows how much t ime t his Ahqab is, except for Allah, t he Might y and Sublime. It has been ment ioned t o us t hat one Huqb is eight y years, and t he year is t hree hundred and sixt y days, and each day is equivalent t o one t housand years according t o your reckoning (in t his life).'' Ibn Jarir has recorded bot h of t hese st at ement s. Allah's st at ement :

び ゅ⇔よや∠ゲセ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔キ∇ゲよ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グΑ∠ Ι ｚぴ (Not hing cool shall t hey t ast e t herein, nor any drink.) meaning, t hey will not find any coolness in Hell for t heir heart s, nor any good drink for t hem t o part ake of. Thus, Allah says,

び ゅ⇔ホゅｚジビ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヨェ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except Hamim, and Ghassaq) Abu Al-` Aliyah said, "The Hamim has been made an except ion t o t he coolness, and Ghassaq is t he except ion t o t he drink.'' This has also been said by Ar-Rabi` bin Anas. In reference t o t he Hamim, it is t he heat t hat has reached it s maximum t emperat ure and point of boiling. The Ghassaq is gat hered from t he pus, sweat , t ears, and wounds of t he people of Hellfire. It is unbearably cold wit h an int olerable st ench. May Allah save us from t hat by His beneficence and grace. Then He cont inues,

び ゅ⇔ボ⇒∠プヱ͡ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ぴ (An exact recompense.) meaning, t hat which will happen t o t hem of t his punishment is in accordance wit h t heir wicked deeds, which t hey were doing in t his life. Muj ahid, Qat adah, and ot hers have said t his. Then Allah said,

び ゅ⇔よゅ∠ジェ ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (For verily, t hey used not t o look for a reckoning.) (78:27) meaning, t hey did not believe t hat t here would be an abode in which t hey would be t aken t o account .

び ゅ⇔よやｚグミ͡ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (But t hey denied Our Ayat Kidhdhaba.) meaning, t hey used t o deny t he evidences of Allah and His proofs for His creat ion, which He revealed t o His Messengers. So t hey met t hese proofs wit h rej ect ion and obst inance. His st at ement ,

び⇔ゅよやｚグミ͡ ぴ (Kidhdhaba) it means rej ect ion, and it is considered a verbal noun t hat does not come from a verb. Allah said;

び ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠ダ∇ェ∠ぺ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And all t hings We have recorded in a Book.) meaning, ` surely We know t he deeds of all of t he creat ures, and We have writ t en t hese deeds for t hem. We will reward t hem based upon t his.' If t heir deeds were good t hen t heir reward will be good, and if t heir deeds were evil t heir reward will be evil. Allah t hen says,

び ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ Α͡ゴルｚ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ ぴ (So t ast e you. No increase shall We give you, except in t orment .) This means t hat it will be said t o t he people of t he Hellfire, "Tast e t hat which you were in. We will never increase you in anyt hing except t orment according t o it s t ype (of sin), and somet hing else similar t o it .'' Qat adah report ed from Abu Ayyub Al-Azdi, who report ed from ` Abdullah bin ` Amr t hat he said, "Allah did not reveal any Ayah against t he people of t he Hellfire worse t han t his Ayah,

び ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ Α͡ゴルｚ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ ぴ (So t ast e you. No increase shall We give you, except in t orment .)'' Then he said, "They will cont inue increasing in t orment forever.''

ょ ∠ ハ ͡ や∠ヲミ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ら⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ペ ∠ も͡ へ∠ギェ ∠ - や⇔コゅ∠ヘョ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ヲ∇ピャ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ｚ - ゅ⇔ホゅ∠ワキ͡ ゅ⇔シ∇ほミ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔よや∠ゲ∇ゎぺ∠ び ゅ⇔よゅ∠ジェ ͡ ￢⇔ べ∠トハ ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リあョ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ - ゅ⇔よ∠グミ͡ (31. Verily, for t hose who have Taqwa, t here will be a success;) (32. Hada'iq and vineyards,) (33. And Kawa` ib At rab,) (34. And a cup Dihaq.) (35. No Laghw shall t hey hear t herein, nor lying;) (36. Rewarded from your Lord wit h a sufficient gift .)

The Great Success will be for Those Who have Taqwa Allah informs about t he happy people and what He has prepared for t hem of est eem, and et ernal pleasure. Allah says,

び や⇔コゅ∠ヘョ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, for t hose who have Taqwa, t here will be a success;) Ibn ` Abbas and Ad-Dahhak bot h said, "A place of enj oyable recreat ion.'' Muj ahid and Qat adah bot h said, "They are successful and t hus, t hey are saved from t he Hellfire.'' The most obvious meaning here is t he st at ement of Ibn ` Abbas, because Allah says aft er t his,

び∠ペも͡ へ∠ギェ ∠ぴ (Hada'iq) And Hada'iq are gardens of palm t rees and ot her t hings.

び ゅ⇔よや∠ゲ∇ゎぺ∠ ょ ∠ ハ ͡ や∠ヲミ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ら⇒∠レ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ペ ∠ も͡ へ∠ギェ ∠ぴ (And vineyards, and Kawa` ib At rab,) meaning, wide-eyed maidens wit h fully developed breast s. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and ot hers have said,

び∠ょハ ͡ やヲ∠ミぴ (Kawa` ib) "This means round breast s. They meant by t his t hat t he breast s of t hese girls will be fully rounded and not sagging, because t hey will be virgins, equal in age. This means t hat t hey will only have one age.'' The explanat ion of t his has already been ment ioned in Surat AlWaqi` ah. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ゅ⇔ホゅ∠ワキ͡ ゅ⇔シ∇ほミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And a cup Dihaq.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "Cont inuously filled.'' ` Ikrimah said, "Pure.'' Muj ahid, AlHasan, Qat adah, and Ibn Zayd all said,

び⇔ゅホゅ∠ワキ͡ ぴ (Dihaq) "This means complet ely filled.'' Then Allah says,

び ゅ⇔よ∠グミ͡ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ヲ∇ピャ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ｚぴ (No Laghw shall t hey hear t herein, nor lying;) This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ユΒ͡を∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∀ヲ∇ピ∠ャ Ι ｚぴ (Free from any Laghw, and free from sin.) (52:23) meaning, t here will not be any vain, wort hless speech t herein, nor any sinful lying. Rat her, it will be t he abode of peace, and everyt hing t hat is in it will be free of any short comings. Allah t hen says,

び ゅ⇔よゅ∠ジェ ͡ ￢⇔ べ∠トハ ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケｚ リあョ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ ∠ぴ (Rewarded from your Lord wit h a sufficient gift .) meaning, ` t his t hat We have ment ioned t o you is what Allah will reward t hem wit h, and t hey will be given it by His favor and from Him. It will be a kindness, mercy, gift , and recompense from Him. It will be sufficient , suit able, comprehensive and abundant .' The Arabs say, "He gave me and he sufficed me.'' This means t hat he sufficient ly provided for me.'' From t his comes t he saying, "Allah is sufficient for me.''

Ι ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ゆ あ ケｚ ぴ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ゅ⇔よゅ∠トカ ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ヨ∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤｚ∠ム∠わ∠Α Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ヘ∂ タ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ￢∠ べセ ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ペ ぁエ ∠ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ゅ⇔よや∠ヲタ ∠ ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ⇔らΑ͡ゲホ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ケグ∠ ル∠ぺ べｚル͡ま - ゅ⇔よゅ∠⇒ョ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βヤ∠⇒∠Α ゲ⊥ プ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ギΑ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢⊥ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや び ゅ⇔よ∠ゲゎ⊥ (37. The Lord of t he heavens and t he eart h, and what soever is in bet ween t hem, t he Most Gracious, wit h Whom t h- ey cannot dare t o speak.) (38. The Day t hat Ar-Ruh and t he angels will st and fort h in rows, t hey will not speak except him whom Ar-Rahman allows, and he will speak what is right .) (39. That is t he True Day. So, whosoever wills, let him seek a place wit h His Lord!) (40. Verily, We have warned you of a near t orment -- t he Day when man will see t hat which his hands have sent fort h, and t he disbeliever will say: "Woe t o me! Would t hat I were dust !'')

No one will dare to speak before Allah -- not even the Angels without first receiving Permission Allah informs of His magnificence and His maj est y, and t hat He is t he Lord of t he heavens and t he eart h, and what ever is in t hem and bet ween t hem. He explains t hat He is t he Most Gracious, Whose mercy covers all t hings. Then He says,

び⇔ゅよゅ∠トカ ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ム͡ヤ∇ヨ∠Α Ι ∠ぴ (Wit h Whom t hey cannot dare t o speak.) meaning, no one is able t o begin addressing Him except by His permission. This is as Allah says,

び͡ヮ͡ル∇ク͡み͡よ Ι ｚ ま͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや や∠ク リ∠ョぴ (Who is he t hat can int ercede wit h Him except wit h His permission) (2:255) It is also similar t o His st at ement ,

び͡ヮル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ユ⊥ ヤｚム∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ

(On t he Day when it comes, no person shall speak except by His leave.) (11:105)

び∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤｚム∠ わ∠ Α∠ Ι ｚ ゅ⇔ヘ∂ タ ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day t hat Ar-Ruh and t he angels will st and fort h in rows, t hey will not speak) (78:38) The word Ruh here is referring t o t he angel Jibril. This has been said by Ash-Sha` bi, Sa` id bin Jubayr and Ad-Dahhak. This is as Allah says,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ -リ ⊥ Β͡ョΙ ｘやゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや ヮ͡ よ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Α͡ケグ͡ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや (Which t he t rust wort hy Ruh has brought down. Upon your heart t hat you may be of t he warners.) (26:193-194) Muqat il bin Hayyan said, "The Ruh is t he noblest of t he angels, t he closest of t hem t o t he Lord, and t he one who delivers t he revelat ion.'' Allah said;

び⊥リ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (except him whom Ar-Rahman allows,) This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び͡ヮル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ユ⊥ ヤｚム∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day when it comes, no person shall speak except by His leave.) (11:105) This is similar t o what has been confirmed in t he Sahih, t hat t he Prophet said,

«モ⊥シゲぁ ャや ゅｚャま͡ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ユ⊥ ヤｚム∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ » (And none will speak on t hat Day except t he Messengers.)'' Allah said,

び⇔ゅよや∠ヲタ ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (and he will speak what is right .) meaning, t he t rut h. And from t he t rut h is t he fact t hat t here is no god wort hy of worship except Allah. This is as Abu Salih and ` Ikrimah bot h said. In reference t o Allah's st at ement ,

びぁペエ ∠ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That is t he True Day.) meaning, it will come t o pass and t here is no avoiding it .

び⇔ゅよゅ∠⇒∠ョ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ヨ∠プぴ

(So, whosoever wills, let him seek a place wit h His Lord!) meaning, a place of ret urn, a pat h t hat leads t o Him, and a way t hat he may pass by t o get t o Him.

The Day of Judgement is Near Allah said,

び⇔ゅらΑ͡ゲホ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ケグ∠ ル∠ぺ べｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We have warned you of a near t orment ) meaning, t he Day of Judgement . It is ment ioned here t o emphasize t he fact t hat it s occurrence has become close, because everyt hing t hat is coming will cert ainly come t o pass.

び⊥ロや∠ギΑ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ ￢⊥ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (t he Day when man will see t hat which his hands have sent fort h,) meaning, all of his deeds will be present ed t o him -- t he good and bad, and t he old and new. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

びや⇔ゲッ ͡ ゅ∠ェ ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will find all t hat t hey did, placed before t hem.) (18:49) t It is also similar t o His st at ement ,

び ゲ∠ カ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ グ͡ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ほ⊥ｚらレ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (On t hat Day man will be informed of what he sent forward, and what he left behind.) (75:13) Then Allah says,

び⇔ゅよ∠ゲゎ⊥ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βヤ∠⇒∠Α ゲ⊥ プ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t he disbeliever will say: "Woe t o me! Would t hat I were dust !'') meaning, t he disbeliever on t hat Day will wish t hat he had only been dust in t he worldly life. He will wish t hat he had not been creat ed and t hat he had never come int o exist ence. This will be when he sees t he t orment of Allah and he looks at his wicked deeds t hat will be writ t en down against him by t he noble right eous scribes among angels. It has been said t hat he will only wish for t hat when Allah passes j udgement bet ween all of t he animals t hat were in t he worldly life. He will rect ify mat t ers bet ween t hem wit h His j ust wisdom t hat does not wrong anyone. Even t he hornless sheep will be allowed t o avenge it self against t he sheep wit h horns. Then, when t he j udgement bet ween t hem is finished, He (Allah) will say t o t hem (t he animals), "Be dust .'' So t hey will all become dust . Upon wit nessing t his t he disbeliever will say,

び⇔ゅよ∠ゲゎ⊥ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βヤ∠⇒∠Αぴ (Would t hat I were dust !) meaning, ` I wish I was an animal so t hat I would be ret urned t o dust .' Somet hing of similar meaning t o t his has been report ed in t he well-known Hadit h about t he Sur. There are also narrat ions recorded from Abu Hurayrah, ` Abdullah bin ` Amr, and ot hers concerning t his. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat An-Naba'. And all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah. He is t he Giver of success and prot ect ion from error.

The Tafsir of Surat An-Nazi` at (Chapter - 79) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

- ゅ⇔ト∇ゼル∠ ͡ろ⇒∠ト͡ゼ⇒ｚレャや∠ヱ - ゅ⇔ホ∇ゲビ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ハゴ͡ ⇒ｚレャや∠ヱぴ れ ͡ ゲ∠ よあギ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠プ - ゅ⇔ボ∇らシ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ボら͡ ⇒ｚジャゅ∠プ - ゅ⇔エ∇らシ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エら͡ ⇒ｚジャや∠ヱ - る⊥ プ∠ キ͡ やｚゲャや ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ ら∠ ∇わゎ∠ - る⊥ ヘ∠ ィ ͡ やゲｚ ャや ブ ⊥ ィ ⊥ ∇ゲゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ - る∀ バ∠ ゼ ͡ ⇒∠カ ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ - る∀ ヘ∠ ィ ͡ や∠ヱ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀ゆヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヌハ ͡ ゅｚレミ⊥ や∠ク￢͡ ぺ∠ - り͡ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ⇒∠エ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キヱ⊥キ∇ゲヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚル￢͡ ぺ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ - り∀ ゲ∠ ジ ͡ ⇒∠カ ∀りゲｚ ∠ミ や⇔ク͡ま マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - り⇔ ゲ∠ ガ ͡ ルｚ び り͡ ゲ∠ ワ͡ ゅｚジャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ワ や∠クみ͡プ∠ - ∀りギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ∇ィコ∠ (1. By t hose who pull out , drowning.) (2. By t hose who free briskly.) (3. And by t he swimmers, swimming.) (4. And by t he racers, racing.) (5. And by t hose who arrange affairs.) (6. On t he Day t he Raj ifah shakes,) (7. Followed by t he Radifah.) (8. Heart s t hat Day will t remble.) (9. Their vision humiliat ed.) (10. They say: "Shall we indeed be brought back from Al-Hafirah'') (11. "Even aft er we are bones Nakhirah'') (12. They say: "It would in t hat case, be a ret urn wit h loss!'') (13. But it will be only a single Zaj rah.) (14. When behold, t hey are at As-Sahirah.)

Swearing by Five Characteristics that the Day of Judgement will occur

Ibn Mas` ud, Ibn ` Abbas, Masruq, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Abu Salih, Abu Ad-Duha and As-Suddi all said,

び ゅ⇔ホ∇ゲビ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ハゴ͡ ⇒ｚレャや∠ヱぴ (By t hose who pull out , drowning.) "These are t he angels who remove t he souls from t he Children of Adam.'' Among t hem are t hose whose souls are removed by t he angels wit h difficult y, as if he is being drowned during it s removal. There are t hose people whose souls t he angels remove wit h ease, as if t hey were unraveling him (i.e., his soul from him) due t o t heir briskness. This is t he meaning of Allah's st at ement ,

び ゅ⇔ト∇ゼル∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠トゼ ͡ ⇒ｚレャや∠ヱぴ (By t hose who free briskly.) This has been ment ioned by Ibn ` Abbas. In reference t o Allah's st at ement ,

び ゅ⇔エ∇らシ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エら͡ ⇒ｚジャや∠ヱぴ (And by t he swimmers, swimming.) Ibn Mas` ud said, "They are t he angels.'' Similar st at ement s have been report ed from ` Ali, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, and Abu Salih. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ゅ⇔ボ∇らシ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ボら͡ ⇒ｚジャゅ∠プぴ (And by t he racers, racing.) It has been narrat ed from ` Ali, Masruq, Muj ahid, Abu Salih, and AlHasan Al-Basri t hat t his means t he angels. Then Allah says,

び や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ れ ͡ ゲ∠ よあギ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠プぴ (And by t hose who arrange affairs.) ` Ali, Muj ahid, ` At a', Abu Salih, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, ArRabi` bin Anas, and As-Suddi all said, "They are t he angels.'' Al-Hasan added, "They cont rol t he affairs from t he heaven t o t he eart h, meaning by t he command of t heir Lord, t he Might y and Maj est ic.''

The Description of the Day of Judgement, the People, and what They will say Then Allah says,

び る⊥ プ∠ キ͡ やｚゲャや ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ ら∠ ∇わゎ∠ - る⊥ ヘ∠ ィ ͡ やｚゲャや ブ ⊥ ィ ⊥ ∇ゲゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day t he Raj ifah shakes, followed by t he Radifah.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "These are t he t wo blast s (of t he Trumpet ) -- t he first and t he second.'' Muj ahid, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak

and ot hers have made similar st at ement s. It has been report ed from Muj ahid t hat he said, "In reference t o t he first , it is t he st at ement of Allah,

び る⊥ ヘ∠ ィ ͡ やｚゲャや ブ ⊥ ィ ⊥ ∇ゲゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day t he Raj ifah shakes,) This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥メゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやブ ⊥ ィ ⊥ ∇ゲゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day t he eart h and t he mount ains shake.) (73:14) The second is Ar-Radifah, and it is like t he Allah's st at ement ,

び り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ミｚ キ∠ ゅ∠わミｚ ギ⊥ プ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやろ ͡ ヤ∠ヨ͡ ェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he eart h and mount ains shall be removed from t heir places, and crushed wit h a single crushing.) (69:14)'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び る∀ ヘ∠ ィ ͡ や∠ヱ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀ゆヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ぴ (Heart s t hat Day will t remble.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "This means afraid.'' Muj ahid and Qat adah also said t his.

び る∀ バ∠ ゼ ͡ ⇒∠カ ゅワ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ぴ (Their vision humiliat ed.) meaning, t he eyes of t he people. It means t hat t he eyes will be lowly and disgraced from what t hey will wit ness of t errors. Allah t hen says,

び り͡ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ⇒∠エ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥キヱ⊥キ∇ゲヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅｚル￢͡ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ (They say: "Shall we indeed be brought back from Al-Hafirah'') meaning, t he idolat ors of t he Quraysh and whoever rej ect s t he Hereaft er as t hey did. They consider t he occurrence of t he resurrect ion aft er being placed in Al-Hafirah -- which are t he graves -- as somet hing farfet ched. This has been said by Muj ahid. They feel t hat t his is somet hing impossible aft er t he dest ruct ion of t heir physical bodies and t he disint egrat ion of t heir bones and t heir decaying. Thus, Allah says,

び り⇔ ゲ∠ ガ ͡ ルｚ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヌハ ͡ ゅｚレミ⊥ や∠ク￢͡ ぺ∠ぴ (Even aft er we are bones Nakhirah) It has also been recit ed: (⇔りゲ∠ カ ͡ ゅ∠ル) (Nakhirah) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and Qat adah, all said, "This means decayed.'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "It is t he bone when it has decayed and air ent ers int o it .'' Concerning t heir saying,

び∀りゲ∠ ジ ͡ ⇒∠カ ∀りゲｚ ∠ミ や⇔ク͡ま マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ (It would in t hat case be a ret urn wit h loss.) (79:12) Muhammad bin Ka` b said t hat t he Quraysh said, "If Allah brings us back t o life aft er we die, t hen surely we will be losers.'' Allah t hen says,

び り͡ ゲ∠ ワ͡ ゅｚジャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ワ や∠クみ͡プ∠ - り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ∇ィコ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (But it will be only a single Zaj rah. When behold, t hey are at As-Sahirah.) meaning, t his is a mat t er t hat is from Allah t hat will not occur t wice, nor will t here be any opport unit y t o affirm it or verify it . The people will be st anding and looking. This will be when Allah commands t he angel Israfil t o blow int o t he Sur, which will be t he blowing of t he resurrect ion. At t hat t ime t he first people and t he last people will all be st anding before t heir Lord looking. This is as Allah says,

ラ͡ま ラ ∠ ヲぁレヌ ⊥ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジわ∠ プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇んら͡ ャｚ (On t he Day when He will call you, and you will answer wit h His praise and obedience, and you will t hink t hat you have st ayed but a lit t le while!) (17:52) Allah has also said,

び ゲ͡ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ウ ∃ ∇ヨヤ∠ミ∠ り∀ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And our commandment is but one as t he t winkling of an eye.) (54:50) Allah also says,

び⊥ゆゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ͡ ダ ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ウ ͡ ∇ヨヤ∠ミ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t he mat t er of t he Hour is not but as a t winkling of t he eye, or even nearer.) (16:77) Allah t hen says,

び り͡ ゲ∠ ワ͡ ゅｚジャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ワ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (When behold, t hey are at As-Sahirah.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "As-Sahirah means t he ent ire eart h.'' Sa` id bin Jubayr, Qat adah and Abu Salih have all said t his as well. ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, AdDahhak, and Ibn Zayd have all said, "As-Sahirah means t he face of t he eart h.'' Muj ahid said, "They will be at it s (t he eart h's) lowest part , and t hey will be brought out t o highest part .'' Then he said, "As-Sahirah is a level place.'' Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said,

び り͡ ゲ∠ ワ͡ ゅｚジャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ワ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (When behold, t hey are at As-Sahirah.) "Allah says,

れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや メ ⊥ ｚギら∠ ゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び ケ͡ ゅｚヰボ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ ェ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇やヱ⊥コゲ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ (On t he Day when t he eart h will be changed t o anot her eart h and so will be t he heavens, and t hey will appear before Allah, t he One, t he Irresist ible.) (14:48) and He says,

- ゅ⇔ヘ∇ジル∠ ヴあよケ∠ ゅ∠ヰヘ⊥ ジ ͡ レ∠Α ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ Ι∠ヱ ゅ⇔ィ∠ヲハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ン∠ゲゎ∠ Ι ｚ - ゅ⇔ヘ∠ダ∇ヘタ ∠ ゅ⇔ハゅ∠ホ ゅ∠ワケ⊥ グ∠ Β∠ プ∠ び ゅ⇔わ∇ョぺ∠ (And t hey ask you concerning t he mount ains: say, "My Lord will blast t hem and scat t er t hem as part icles of dust . Then He shall leave t hem as a level smoot h plain.You will see t herein not hing crooked or curved.) (20:105-107) and Allah says,

び⇔りコ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠よ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ン∠ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ あΒジ ∠ ル⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ "ぴ (And t he Day We shall cause t he mount ains t o pass away, and you will see t he eart h as a leveled plain.) (18:47) and t he eart h will be brought fort h which will have mount ains upon it , and it will not be considered from t his eart h (of t his life). It will be an eart h t hat no sin will be performed on it , nor will any blood be shed upon it .''

キ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ロ⊥ や∠キゅ∠ル ∇クま͡ - ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゑ ⊥ Α͡ギェ ∠ ポ ∠ ゅ∠ゎぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ ぴ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ヴ∠ピデ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ょワ∠ ∇クや ン⇔ヲデ ⊥ サ ͡ ギｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ゼ∇ガわ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴｚミゴ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ ャｚ モ∠ワ ゲ∠ よ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヴ∠ダハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グｚ ム∠ プ∠ ン∠ゲ∇らム⊥ ∇ャや る∠ Α∠ Ι ｘ や ロ⊥ や∠ケほ∠プ∠ ロ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇ハｘΙや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ぁよケ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ン∠キゅ∠レプ∠ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠エ ∠ プ∠ ヴ∠バ∇ジΑ∠ リ∠ヨャあ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇らバ͡ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱΙ ｙ や∠ヱ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやメ ∠ ゅ∠ムル∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや び ヴ∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ (15. Has t here come t o you t he st ory of Musa) (16. When his Lord called him in t he holy valley of Tuwa,) (17. Go t o Fir` awn; verily, he has t ransgressed all bounds.) (18. And say t o him:

"Would you purify yourself'') (19. "And t hat I guide you t o your Lord, so you should fear Him'') (20. Then he showed him t he great sign.) (21. But he denied and disobeyed.) (22. Then he t urned back, st riving.) (23. So he gat hered and called out ,) (24. Saying: "I am your lord, most high.'') (25. So Allah seized him wit h punishing example for t he Hereaft er and t he first (life).) (26. In t his is a lesson for whoever fears.)

Mentioning the Story of Musa and that it is a Lesson for Those Who fear Allah Allah informs His Messenger Muhammad about His Messenger Musa. He ment ions t hat he sent Musa t o Fir` awn and He aided him wit h miracles. Yet , even aft er t his, Fir` awn cont inued in his disbelief and t ransgression unt il Allah seized him wit h a might y and powerful punishment . Thus is t he punishment of whoever opposes you (Muhammad ) and rej ect s t hat which you have been sent wit h. This is why Allah says at t he end of t he st ory,

び ヴ∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ リ∠ヨャあ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇らバ͡ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (In t his is a Lesson for whoever fears.) Allah begins by saying,

び ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ゑ ⊥ Α͡ギェ ∠ ポ ∠ ゅ∠ゎぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ ぴ (Has t here come t o you t he st ory of Musa) meaning, have you heard of his st ory

び⊥ヮよぁ ケ∠ ロ⊥ や∠キゅ∠ル ∇クま͡ぴ (When his Lord called him) meaning, He called out speaking t o him.

び͡サギｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや キ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャゅ͡よぴ (in t he holy valley) meaning purified

びン⇔ヲデ ⊥ぴ (Tuwa) According t o what is correct , it is t he name of a valley, as preceded in Surah Ta Ha. So, He said t o him:

び ヴ∠ピデ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ょワ∠ ∇クやぴ (Go t o Fir` awn; verily, he has t ransgressed all bounds.) meaning, he has become haught y, rebellious and arrogant .

び ヴｚミゴ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ ャｚ モ∠ワ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (And say t o him: "Would you purify yourself'') meaning, say t o him, "Will you respond t o t he pat h and way t hat will purify you'' This means, ` will you submit (accept Islam) and be obedient '

び∠マよあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat I guide t o your Lord,) meaning, ` I will guide you t o t he worship of your Lord.'

びヴ∠ゼ∇ガわ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so t hat you fear) meaning, ` so t hat your heart will become humble, obedient , and submissive t o Him aft er it was hard, evil, and far away from goodness.'

び ン∠ゲ∇らム⊥ ∇ャや る∠ Α∠ Ι ｘ や ロ⊥ や∠ケほ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then he showed him t he great sign.) This means t hat Musa showed him -- along wit h t his t rut hful call -- a st rong evidence and a clear proof of t he t rut hfulness of what he had come up wit h from Allah.

び ヴ∠ダハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グｚ ム∠ プ∠ ぴ (But he denied and disobeyed.) meaning, he (Fir` awn) rej ect ed t he t rut h and opposed what Musa commanded him wit h of obedience. So what happened wit h him was t hat his heart disbelieved, and Musa (i.e., his call) could not int ernally or ext ernally affect it . Along wit h t his, his knowledge t hat what Musa had come t o him wit h was t he t rut h, did not necessit at e his being a believer in it . This is because recognit ion is t he knowledge of t he heart , and fait h is it s act ion. And it (fait h) is t o comply wit h t he t rut h and submit t o it . Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ヴ∠バ∇ジΑ∠ ゲ∠ よ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then he t urned back, st riving.) meaning, in responding t o t he t rut h wit h falsehood. This was by his gat hering t he group of magicians in order t o confront t hat which Musa had come up wit h of spect acular miracles.

び ン∠キゅ∠レ∠プ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠エ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So he gat hered (his people) and called out ) meaning, among his people.

び ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ｘ や ユ⊥ ム⊥ ぁよケ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ

(Saying; I am your lord, most high.'') Ibn ` Abbas and Muj ahid bot h said, "This is t he word which Fir` awn said aft er he said,

びン͡ゲ∇Βビ ∠ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇リョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (` I have not known of any ot her god for you all ot her t han me) for t he past fort y years.''' Allah t hen says,

び ヴ∠ャ∇ヱΙ ｙ や∠ヱ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやメ ∠ ゅ∠ムル∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ロ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (So Allah seized him wit h a punishing example for t he Hereaft er and t he first (life). ) meaning, Allah avenged Himself against him wit h a severe vengeance, and He made an example and admonit ion of him for t hose rebellious people in t he world who are like him.

び⊥キヲ⊥プ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ ∇プあゲャや ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And on t he Day of Resurrect ion, evil indeed is t he gift gift ed ぴi.e., t he curse (in t his world) pursued by anot her curse (in t his world) pursued by anot her curse (in t he Hereaft er)び.) (11:99) This is as Allah says,

Ι ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒Β͡ボ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α る⇔ ヨｚ も͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α (And We made t hem leaders invit ing t o t he Fire: and on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t hey will not be helped.) (28:41) Allah said;

び ヴ∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ リ∠ヨャあ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇らバ͡ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (In t his is a lesson for whoever fears.)

ゅ∠ヰム∠ ∇ヨシ ∠ ノ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レよ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ュ͡ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠￢ぺ∠ぴ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠エッ ⊥ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ズ ∠ ト ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ヱ∠ - ゅ∠ワやｚヲジ ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ワ￢∠ べ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ェキ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ゅ⇔バ⇒∠わョ∠ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠シ∇ケぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ハ∇ゲョ∠ ヱ∠ び ∇ユム⊥ ヨ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ６ ヱ∠

(27. Are you more difficult t o creat e or is t he heaven t hat He const ruct ed) (28. He raised it s hei- ght , and has perfect ed it .) (29. It s night He covers and He brings out it s forenoon.) (30. And aft er t hat He spread t he eart h,) (31. And brought fort h t herefrom it s wat er and it s past ure.) (32. And t he mount ains He has fixed firmly,) (33. As provision and benefit for you and your cat t le.)

Creating the Heavens and the Earth is more difficult than repeating Creation in refut at ion of t he claim rej ect ing resurrect ion due t o t he renewal of creat ion aft er it s original st at e, Allah says;

び∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ￢∠ ぴ (Are you) ` O people'

び⊥￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ュ͡ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (more difficult t o creat e or is t he heaven...) meaning, ` rat her t he heaven is more difficult t o creat e t han you.' As Allah said;

ペ ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ⊥ ∇ヤガ ∠ ャ∠ぴ び͡サゅｚレャや (t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h is great er t han t he creat ion of mankind;) (40:57) And His saying;

ケ∃ ギ͡ ⇒∠ボよ͡ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャ∠や ザ ∠ ∇Β⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ペ ⊥ ⇒ｚヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ユ⊥ヰヤ∠∇んョ͡ ペ ∠ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (Is not t he One Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, capable of creat ing t he similar t o t hem. Yes, indeed! He is t he Supreme Creat or, t he All-Knowing.) (36:81) Then Allah says,

びゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∠よぴ (He const ruct ed) He explains t his by His st at ement ,

び ゅ∠ワやｚヲジ ∠ プ∠ ゅヰ∠ ム∠ ∇ヨシ ∠ ノ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ぴ

(He raised it s height , and has perfect ed it .) meaning, He made it a loft y st ruct ure, vast in it s space, wit h equal sides, and adorned wit h st ars at night and in t he darkness. Then Allah says,

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠エッ ⊥ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ズ ∠ ト ∠ ∇ビぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (It s night He covers and He brings out it s forenoon.) meaning, He made it s night dark and ext remely black, and it s day bright , luminous, shining and clear. Ibn ` Abbas said, "He did Aght asha of it s night means t hat He made it dark.'' Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr and a large group have said t his as well. In reference t o Allah's st at ement ,

びゅ∠ヰ⇒∠エッ ⊥ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And He brings out it s forenoon.) meaning, He illuminat ed it s day. Then Allah says,

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ェキ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱぴ (And aft er t hat He spread t he eart h,) He explains t his st at ement by t he st at ement t hat follows it ,

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ハ∇ゲョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワ￢∠ べ∠ョ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ぴ (And brought fort h t herefrom it s wat er and it s past ure.) It already has been ment ioned previously in Surat Ha Mim As-Saj dah t hat t he eart h was creat ed before t he heaven was creat ed, but it was only spread out aft er t he creat ion of t he heaven. This means t hat He brought out what was in it wit h a forceful act ion. This is t he meaning of what was said by Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers, and it was t he explanat ion preferred by Ibn Jarir. In reference t o t he st at ement of Allah,

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠シ∇ケぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅら∠ イ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And t he mount ains He has fixed firmly,) meaning, He set t led t hem, made t hem firm, and est ablished t hem in t heir places. And He is t he Most Wise, t he All-Knowing. He is Most Kind t o His creat ion, Most Merciful. Allah t hen says,

び ∇ユム⊥ ヨ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ６ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ゅ⇔バ⇒∠わョ∠ ぴ (As provision and benefit for you and your cat t le.) meaning, He spread out t he eart h, caused it s springs t o gush fort h, brought fort h it s hidden benefit s, caused it s rivers t o flow, and caused it s veget at ion, t rees, and fruit s t o grow. He also made it s mount ains firm so t hat it (t he eart h) would be calmly set t led wit h it s dwellers, and He st abilized it s dwelling places. All of t his is a means of beneficial enj oyment for His creat ures (mankind) providing t hem of what cat t le t hey need, which t hey eat and ride upon. He has grant ed t hem t hese beneficial t hings for t he period t hat t hey need t hem, in t his worldly abode, unt il t he end of t ime and t he expirat ion of t his life.

ゲ⊥ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ン∠ゲ∇らム⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ ｚョべｚトャや れ ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ - ン∠ゲΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ユ⊥ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや れ ͡ コ∠ ゲあ よ⊥ ヱ∠ - ヴ∠バシ ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ - ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ を∠ や￢∠ヱ - ヴ∠ピデ ∠ リ∠ョ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ボョ∠ フ ∠ ゅ∠カ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ - ン∠ヱ∇ほヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ユ∠ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ン∠ヱ∇ほ∠ヨ∇ャや ヴ ∠ ワ͡ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ - ン∠ヲヰ∠ ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ヘレｚ ャや ヴ∠ヰル∠ ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ユ∠ Β͡プ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠シ∇ゲョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや リ ͡ハ ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジΑ∠ ケ⊥ グ͡ レ⊥ョ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ - べ∠ヰ⇒∠ヰわ∠ レ⊥ョ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ - ゅ∠ワや∠ゲ∇ミク͡ リ͡ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲん⊥ ら∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ リ∠ョ び ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠エッ ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ Βｚ ゼ ͡ハ ∠ (34. But when t here comes t he Great est Cat ast rophe) (35. The Day when man shall remember what he st rove for.) (36. And Hell shall be made apparent for whoever sees.) (37. Then for him who t ransgressed) (38. And preferred t he life of t his world,) (39. Verily, his abode will be t he Hell;) (40. But as for him who feared st anding before his Lord, and forbade himself from desire.) (41. Verily, Paradise will be his abode.) (42. They ask you about t he Hour when will be it s appoint ed t ime) (43. What do you have t o ment ion of it .) (44. To your Lord it is limit ed.) (45. You are only a warner for t hose who fear it ,) (46. The Day t hey see it (it will be) as if t hey had not t arried (in t his world) except an (` Ashiyyah) aft ernoon or it s (Duha) morning.)

The Day of Judgement, its Pleasures and Hell, and that its Time is not known Allah says,

び ン∠ゲ∇らム⊥ ∇ャや る⊥ ョｚ べｚトャや れ ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ (But when t here comes t he Great Cat ast rophe) This refers t o t he Day of Judgement . This has been said by Ibn ` Abbas. It has been called t his because it will overcome every mat t er. It will be fright ful and horrif ying. As Allah says,

びぁゲョ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ワ∇キぺ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや∠ヱぴ

(And t he Hour will be more grievous and more bit t er.) (54:46) Then Allah says,

び ヴ∠バシ ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゲ⊥ ｚミグ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day when man shall remember what he st rove for.) meaning, at t hat t ime t he Son of Adam will reflect upon all of his deeds, bot h t he good and t he evil. This is as Allah says,

びン∠ゲ∇ミグあ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヴｚル∠ぺ∠ヱ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゲ⊥ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t he Day will man remember, but how will t hat remembrance avail him) (89:23) Then Allah says,

び ン∠ゲΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ユ⊥ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや れ ͡ コ∠ ゲあ よ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Hell shall be made apparent for whoever sees.) meaning, it will become apparent for t he onlookers, so t he people will see it wit h t heir own eyes.

び ヴ∠ピデ ∠ リ∠ョ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then for him who t ransgressed) meaning, who rebels and behaves arrogant ly.

び ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ を∠ や￢∠ヱぴ (And preferred t he life of t his world,) meaning, he gives it precedence over t he mat t ers of his religion and his Hereaft er.

び ン∠ヱ∇ほヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ユ∠ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (Verily his abode will be t he Hell;) meaning, his final dest inat ion will be Hell, his food will be from t he t ree of Zaqqum, and his drink will be from Hamim.

リ ͡ハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ヘレｚ ャや ヴ∠ヰル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ボョ∠ フ ∠ ゅ∠カ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び ン∠ヲヰ∠ ∇ャや (But as for him who feared st anding before his Lord and forbade himself from desire.) meaning, he fears t he st anding before Allah, he fears Allah's j udgement of him, he prevent s his soul from following it s desires, and he compels it t o obey it s Mast er.

び ン∠ヱ∇ほヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ ワ͡ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ

(Verily Paradise will be his abode.) meaning, his final abode, his dest inat ion, and his place of ret urn will be t he spacious Paradise. Then Allah says,

ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ ユ∠ Β͡プ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠シ∇ゲョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや リ ͡ハ ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジΑ∠ ぴ び べ∠ヰ⇒∠ヰわ∠ レ⊥ョ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ - ゅ∠ワや∠ゲ∇ミク͡ リ͡ョ (They ask you about t he Hour -- when will be it s appoint ed t ime What do you have t o ment ion of it . To your Lord it is limit ed.) meaning, it s knowledge is not wit h you, nor wit h any creat ure. Rat her t he knowledge of it is wit h Allah. He is t he One Who knows t he exact t ime of it s occurrence.

る⇔ わ∠ ∇ピよ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ろヤ∠ボ⊥ を∠ ぴ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ∇ヤハ ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ヴ ｘ ヘ͡ ェ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚほ∠ミ∠ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Α び͡ヮヤｚャや (Heavy is it s burden t hrough t he heavens and t he eart h. It shall not come upon you except all of a sudden. They ask you as if you have a good knowledge of it . Say: "The knowledge t hereof is wit h Allah.'') (7:187) Allah says here,

び べ∠ヰ⇒∠ヰわ∠ レ⊥ョ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ (To your Lord it is limit ed.) Thus, when Jibril asked t he Messenger of Allah about t he t ime of t he last Hour he said,

«モ͡もゅｚジャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇ハほ∠よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ メ ⊥ ヱ⊥ぽ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ» (The one quest ioned about it knows no more t han t he quest ioner.) Allah said,

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ リ∠ョ ケ⊥ グ͡ レ⊥ョ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ (You are only a warner for t hose who fear it ,) meaning, ` I sent you t o warn mankind and caut ion t hem t o beware of t he t orment and punishment of Allah. So whoever fears Allah, fears st anding before Him, and His t hreat , t hen he will follow you, and t hus be successful and vict orious. However, whoever denies you and opposes you, t hen he will only suffer loss and failure.' Allah t hen says,

ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠エッ ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ Βｚ ゼ ͡ハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ん∠ら∇ヤ∠Α ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ぴ び (The Day t hey see it (it will be) as if t hey had not t arried (in t his world) except an (` Ashiyyah) aft ernoon or it s (Duha) morning.) meaning, when t hey st and up from t heir graves t o go t o t he place of Gat hering, t hey will feel t hat t he period of t he worldy life was short , it will seem t o t hem t hat it was only t he aft ernoon of one day. Juwaybir report ed from Ad-Dahhak from Ibn ` Abbas:

ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠エッ ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ Βｚ ゼ ͡ハ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ん∠ら∇ヤ∠Α ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ぴ び (The Day t hey see it (it will be) as if t hey had not t arried (in t his world) except an (` Ashiyyah) aft ernoon or it s (Duha) morning.) "As for ` Ashiyyah, it is t he t ime bet ween noon unt il t he set t ing of t he sun.

びゅ∠ヰ⇒∠エッ ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or it s (Duha) morning) what is bet ween sunrise and midday (noon).'' Qat adah said, "This refers t o t he t ime period of t he worldly life in t he eyes of t he people when t hey see t he Hereaft er.'' This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat An-Nazi` at . And t o Allah belongs all praise and t hanks.

The Tafsir of Surah ` Abasa (Chapter - 80) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ (In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

マ ∠ Α͡ケ∇ギΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ヴ∠ヨ∇ハΙ ｘ や ロ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ラ∠ぺ - ヴｚャヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ザ ∠ ら∠ ハ ∠ぴ リ ͡ ョ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ - ン∠ゲ∇ミグあ ャや ヮ⊥ バ∠ ヘ∠ レ∠わプ∠ ゲ⊥ ミｚ グｚ ∠Α ∇ヱぺ∠ - ヴｚミゴｚ Α∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヴｚミゴｚ Α∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ンｚギダ ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ - ヴ∠レ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや ろ ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ - ヴ∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ - ヴ∠バ∇ジΑ∠ ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ∠ョ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ -

ヴ∠プ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ミ∠ ク∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ヨプ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ - ヴｚヰヤ∠ゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ シ ∠ ン͡ギ∇Αほ∠よ͡ り∃ ゲ∠ ヰｚ ト ∠ ョぁ る∃ ハ ∠ ヲ⊥プ∇ゲョｚ る∃ ョ∠ ゲｚ ム∠ ョぁ ブ ∃ エ ⊥タ ⊥ び り∃ ケ∠ ゲ∠ よ∠ ュ∃ や∠ゲミ͡ (1. He frowned and t urned away.) (2. Because t here came t o him t he blind man.) (3. And how can you know t hat he might become pure) (4. Or he might receive admonit ion, and t he admonit ion might profit him) (5. As for him who t hinks himself self-sufficient ,) (6. To him you at t end;) (7. What does it mat t er t o you if he will not become pure) (8. But as for him who came t o you running,) (9. And is afraid.) (10. Of him you are neglect ful and divert your at t ent ion t o anot her.) (11. Nay; indeed it is an admonit ion.) (12. So, whoever wills, let him pay at t ent ion t o Him (it ).) (13. In Records held in honor,) (14. Exalt ed, purified.) (15. In t he hands of ambassadors (Safarah),) (16. Honorable and obedient .)

The Prophet being reprimanded because He frowned at a Weak Man More t han one of t he scholars of Tafsir ment ioned t hat one day t he Messenger of Allah was addressing one of t he great leaders of t he Quraysh while hoping t hat he would accept Islam. While he was speaking in direct conversat ion wit h him, Ibn Umm Makt um came t o him, and he was of t hose who had accept ed Islam in it s earliest days. He (Ibn Umm Makt um) t hen began asking t he Messenger of Allah about somet hing, urgent ly beseeching him. The Prophet hoped t hat t he man would be guided, so he asked Ibn Umm Makt um t o wait for a moment so he could complet e his conversat ion. He frowned in t he face of Ibn Umm Makt um and t urned away from him in order t o face t he ot her man. Thus, Allah revealed,

マ ∠ Α͡ケ∇ギΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ヴ∠ヨ∇ハΙ ｘ や ロ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ラ∠ぺ - ヴｚャヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ザ ∠ ら∠ ハ ∠ぴ び ヴｚミゴｚ Α∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ (He frowned and t urned away. Because t here came t o him t he blind man. And how can you know t hat he might become pure) meaning, he may at t ain purificat ion and cleanliness in his soul.

び ン∠ゲ∇ミグあ ャや ヮ⊥ バ∠ ヘ∠ レ∠わプ∠ ゲ⊥ ミｚ グｚ ∠Α ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or he might receive admonit ion, and t he admonit ion might profit him) meaning, he may receive admonit ion and abst ain from t he forbidden.

び ンｚギダ ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ - ヴ∠レ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや リ ͡ ョ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ぴ (As for him who t hinks himself self-sufficient . To him you at t end;) meaning, ` you face t he rich person so t hat perhaps he may be guided.'

び ヴｚミゴｚ Α∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (What does it mat t er t o you if he will not become pure) meaning, ` you are not responsible for him if he does not at t ain purificat ion.'

び ヴ∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ - ヴ∠バ∇ジΑ∠ ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ リ∠ョ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (But as for him who came t o you running. And is afraid.) meaning, ` he is seeking you and he comes t o you so t hat he may be guided by what you say t o him.'

び ヴｚヰヤ∠ゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ぴ (Of him you are neglect ful and divert your at t ent ion t o anot her.) meaning, ` you are t oo busy.' Here Allah commands His Messenger t o not single anyone out wit h t he warning. Rat her, he should equal warn t he noble and t he weak, t he poor and t he rich, t he mast er and t he slave, t he men and t he women, t he young and t he old. Then Allah will guide whomever He chooses t o a pat h t hat is st raight . He has t he profound wisdom and t he decisive proof. Abu Ya` la and Ibn Jarir bot h recorded from ` A'ishah t hat she said about ,

び ヴｚャヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ザ ∠ ら∠ ハ ∠ぴ (He frowned and t urned away.) was revealed.'' At -Tirmirdhi recorded t his Hadit h but he did not ment ion t hat it was narrat ed by ` A'ishah. I say it is report ed like t his in Al-Muwat t a' as well.

The Characteristics of the Qur'an Allah says,

び り∀ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay; indeed it is an admonit ion.) meaning, t his Surah, or t his advice in conveying knowledge equally among people, whet her t hey are of noble or low class. Qat adah and As-Suddi bot h said,

び り∀ ゲ∠ ミ͡ ∇グゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay; indeed it is an admonit ion.) "This means t he Qur'an.''

び ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ミ∠ ク∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ヨ∠プぴ

(So, whoever wills, let him pay at t ent ion t o Him (it ).) meaning, so whoever wills, he remembers Allah in all of his affairs. The pronoun could also be underst ood t o be referring t o t he revelat ion since t he conversat ion is alluding t o it . Allah said:

び り∃ ゲ∠ ヰｚ ト ∠ ョぁ る∃ ハ ∠ ヲ⊥プ∇ゲョｚ - る∃ ョ∠ ゲｚ ム∠ ョぁ ブ ∃ エ ⊥タ ⊥ ヴ∠プぴ (In Records held in honor, exalt ed, purified.) meaning, t his Surah or t his admonit ion. Bot h meanings are connect ed t o each ot her. Act ually, all of t he Qur'an is in honored pages, meaning respect ed and revered.

び∃るハ ∠ ヲ⊥プ∇ゲョｚ ぴ (exalt ed) meaning, elevat ed in st at us.

び∃りゲ∠ ヰｚ ト ∠ ョぁ ぴ (purified) meaning, from impurit y, addit ions and deficiency. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び り∃ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ シ ∠ ン͡ギ∇Αほ∠よ͡ ぴ (In t he hands of ambassadors (Safarah),) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak, and Ibn Zayd, all said, "These are t he angels.'' Al-Bukhari said, "Safarah (ambassadors) refers t o t he angels. They t ravel around rect ifying mat t ers bet ween t hemselves. The angels when t hey descend wit h t he revelat ion of Allah, bringing it like t he ambassador who rect ifies mat t ers bet ween people.'' Allah said,

び り∃ ケ∠ ゲ∠ よ∠ ュ∃ や∠ゲミ͡ ぴ (Honorable and obedient .) meaning, t hey are noble, handsome, and honorable in t heir creat ion. Their charact er and t heir deeds are right eous, pure and perfect . Here it should be not ed t hat it is necessary for one who carries t he Qur'an (i.e., t he angel) t o be following right eousness and guidance. Imam Ahmad recorded from ` A'ishah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

り͡ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ジ ｚ ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ∀ゲ͡ワゅ∠ョ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ぺ⊥ゲ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや» ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∩ｘベゅ∠セ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∩͡りケ∠ ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや ュ͡ や∠ゲム͡ ∇ャや «ラや∠ゲ∇ィぺ∠ (He who recit es t he Qur'an proficient ly, will be wit h t he noble, right eous, ambassador angels, and t he one who recit es it wit h difficult y will receive t wo rewards.) This Hadit h was report ed by t he group.

- ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ン あ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ - ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ べ∠ョ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや モ ∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ ｚユを⊥ - ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ジ ｚ Α∠ モ ∠ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや ｚユを⊥ - ロ⊥ ケ∠ ギｚ ボ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ る∃ ヘ∠ ∇トルぁ リ͡ョ ヂ ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ - ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ￢∠ べ∠セ や∠クま͡ ｚユを⊥ - ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ホほ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ - ヮ͡ ョ͡ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゲ͡ ヌ ⊥ レ∠Β∇ヤプ∠ - ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ - ゅ⇔ボ∂ セ ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ゅ∠レ∇ボボ∠ セ ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ゅ⇔ら∂ タ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇らら∠ タ ∠ Κ ⇔ ∇ガル∠ ヱ∠ ⇔ゅルヲ⊥わ∇Α∠コ∠ヱ - ゅ⇔ら∇ツホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ら∠レハ ͡ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ら∂ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇わら∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ゅ⇔バ⇒∠わョ∠ ゅ⇔よ∂ ぺ∠ヱ∠ る⇔ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠プヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ら∇ヤビ ⊥ ペ ∠ も͡ へ∠ギェ ∠ ヱ∠ び ∇ユム⊥ ヨ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ６ ヱ∠ (17. Qut ila mankind! How ungrat eful he is!) (18. From what t hing did He creat e him) (19. From a Nut fah He creat ed him and t hen set him in due proport ion.) (20. Then He made t he pat h easy for him.) (21. Then He causes him t o die and put s him in his grave.) (22. Then when it is His will, He will resurrect him.) (23. Nay, but has not done what He commanded him.) (24. Then let man look at his food:) (25. We pour fort h wat er in abundance.) (26. And We split t he eart h in cleft s.) (27. And We cause t herein Habb t o grow,) (28. And grapes and Qadb,) (29. And olives and dat e palms,) (30. And Ghulb Hada'iq,) (31. And fruit s (Fakihah) and herbage (Abb).) (32. A provision and benefit for you and your cat t le.)

The Refutation against Whoever denies Life after Death Allah rebukes t hose who deny t he Resurrect ion and t he Final Gat hering.

び ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ べ∠ョ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや モ ∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ (Qut ila mankind!) Ad-Dahhak report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said,

び⊥リ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや モ ∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ (Qut ila mankind!) "May man be cursed.'' Abu Malik also made a similar st at ement . He said, "This refers t o t he rej ect ing t ype of man, due t o his abundant denial wit hout any support ing argument . Rat her he denies simply because he t hinks it is farfet ched and because he lacks knowledge of it .'' Ibn Jurayj said,

び⊥ロゲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ べ∠ョぴ (How ungrat eful he is!) "This means none is worse in disbelief t han he is.'' Qat adah said,

び⊥ロゲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ べ∠ョぴ (How ungrat eful he is!) "This means none is more cursed t han he is.'' Then Allah explains how He creat ed him from somet hing despised and t hat He is able t o bring him back t o life j ust as He creat ed him init ially. Allah says,

び ロ⊥ ケ∠ ギｚ ボ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ る∃ ヘ∠ ∇トルぁ リ͡ョ - ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ン あ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぴ (From what t hing did He creat e him From a Nut fah He creat ed him, and t hen set him in due proport ion.) meaning, He decreed his life span, his sust enance, his deeds, and whet her he would be miserable or happy.

び ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ジ ｚ Α∠ モ ∠ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then He made t he pat h easy for him.) Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, "Then He made his coming out of his mot her's belly easy for him.'' This was also said by ` Ikrimah, Ad-Dahhak, Abu Salih, Qat adah, As-Suddi, and it was t he explanat ion preferred by Ibn Jarir. Muj ahid said, "This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘミ∠ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ͡ミゅ∠セ ゅｚョま͡ モ ∠ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ワ∠ ゅｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, We guided him on t he pat h, he is eit her grat eful or ungrat eful.) (76:3) meaning, We explained it t o him, clarified it , and made it easy for him t o act upon.'' Al-Hasan and Ibn Zayd bot h said t he same. This is t he most correct view and Allah knows best . Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ホほ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then He causes him t o die and put s him in his grave.) Aft er creat ing man, Allah causes him t o die and makes him t he inhabit ant of a grave. Allah said;

び ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ￢∠ べ∠セ や∠クま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then when it is His will, He will resurrect him.) meaning, He resurrect s him aft er his deat h and t his is called Al-Ba` t h (resurrect ion) and An-Nushur (resuscit at ion).

ゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ へ∠クま͡ ｚユを⊥ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲゎ⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ わ∠ レ∠ゎ (And among His signs is t his t hat He creat ed you from dust , and t hen behold, you are human beings scat t ered.) (30:20)

ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ジ∇ム∠ル ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠ワゴ⊥ ゼ ͡ レ⊥ル ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠ヌバ͡ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルや∠ヱぴ びゅヨ⇔ ∇エャ∠ (And look at t he bones, how We bring t hem t oget her and clot he t hem wit h flesh.) (2:259) In t he Two Sahihs it is narrat ed by way of Al-A` mash from Abu Salih, from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Prophet said,

∩∠ペヤ͡カ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∩͡ょル∠ グｚ ャや ょ ∠ ∇イハ ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヴ∠ヤ∇ら∠Α ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ͡ ∇よや ぁモミ⊥ » «ょｚミゲ∠ Α⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プヱ∠ (All of t he Sons of Adam (men) will decay except for t he bone of coccyx (t ailbone). From it he (man) was creat ed and by it he will be reconst ruct ed.)'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヂ ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay, but has not done what He commanded him.) Ibn Jarir said, "Allah is saying, ` Nay, t he mat t er is not as t his disbelieving man says. He claims t hat he has fulfilled Allah's right upon him regarding himself and his wealt h.

び⊥ロゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヂ ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ぴ (But he has not done what He commanded him.) Allah is saying t hat man has not fulfilled for his Lord t he obligat ions t hat were imposed upon him.'' What seems apparent t o me of it s act ual meaning -- and Allah knows best -- is t hat t he Ayah

び ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ル∠ぺ ￢∠ べ∠セ や∠クま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then when it is His will, He will resurrect him.) means, He will resurrect him.

び ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ ヂ ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ

(Nay! But he has not done what He commanded him.) means, He has not done it (resurrect ed t hem) as of yet , unt il t he t ime period has expired and t he ext ent of t he eart hly life of humanit y is complet e, according t o t he lives of all whom Allah has writ t en it t o exist from t he t ime t hey are brought int o exist ence int o t he world. Verily, Allah has decreed t he exist ence of mankind, and it s durat ion, t herefore, when t hat is finished wit h Allah, He resurrect s t he creat ures and repeat s t heir creat ion j ust as He init ially creat ed t hem.

The Growth of the Seed and Other Things is a Proof of Life after Death

び ヮ͡ ョ͡ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゲ͡ ヌ ⊥ レ∠Β∇ヤプ∠ ぴ (Then let man look at his food) This is a call t o reflect upon Allah's favor. It also cont ains an evidence in t he veget at ion's coming t o life from t he lifeless eart h, t hat t he bodies can be brought t o life aft er being decayed bones and scat t ered dust .

び ゅ⇔ら∂ タ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ヨ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇らら∠ タ ∠ ゅｚルぺ∠ぴ (We pour fort h wat er in abundance.) meaning, ` We sent it down from t he sky t o t he eart h.'

び ゅ⇔ボ∂ セ ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ゅ∠レ∇ボボ∠ セ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (And We split t he eart h in cleft s.) meaning, ` We cause it (t he wat er) t o set t le in it (t he eart h), and it ent ers int o it s boundaries, and mingles wit h t he part s of t he seeds t hat are left in t he eart h. From t his t he seeds grow, rise up and appear on t he surface of t he eart h (in t he form of veget at ion).'

び ゅ⇔ら∇ツホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ら∠レハ ͡ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ら∂ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇わら∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ぴ (And We cause t herein Habb t o grow. And grapes and Qadb,) Al-Habb refers t o all t ypes of seeds (or grains). Grapes are well-known. Al-Qadb are t he moist (green) herbal plant s t hat animals graze on. It is also called Al-Qat . Ibn ` Abbas, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak and As-Suddi, all said t his. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "Al-Qadb is fodder.''

び⇔ゅルヲ⊥わ∇Αコ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And olives) It is well-known, and it is a food j ust as it s j uice is a food. It is eat en for breakfast and used as an oil.

び⇔Κ∇ガル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And dat e palms,) It (i.e., it s fruit ) is eat en as Balah, Busr, Rut ab and Tamr, Niya' and Mat bukh, all of which are variet ies of dat es t hat range from unripe, ripe and dried in t heir t ext ures. It s j uice is also ext ract ed t o make pulpy fruit drinks and vinegar.

び ゅ⇔ら∇ヤビ ⊥ ペ ∠ も͡ へ∠ギェ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Ghulb Hada'iq,) meaning, gardens. Al-Hasan and Qat adah bot h said, "Ghulb are gardens of dat e palms t hat are t hick and handsome.'' Ibn ` Abbas and Muj ahid bot h said, "It means everyt hing t hat is gat hered and collect ed.'' Allah said,

び ゅ⇔よ∂ ぺ∠ヱ∠ る⇔ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠プヱ∠ ぴ (And fruit s (Fakihah) and herbage (Abb).) Fakihah includes every t ype of fruit . Ibn ` Abbas said, "Al-Fakihah is everyt hing t hat is eat en ripe, and Al-Abb is what t he eart h grows t hat is eat en by grazing animals and not people.'' In one narrat ion report ed from him he said, "It is t he grass for t he livest ock animals.'' Abu ` Ubayd Al-Qasim bin Sallam report ed from Ibrahim At -Taymi t hat he said, "Abu Bakr As-Siddiq was asked about Allah's st at ement ,

び ゅ⇔よ∂ ぺ∠ヱ∠ る⇔ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠プヱ∠ ぴ (And fruit s (Fakihah) and herbage (Abb).) and he said, ` What sky would shade me and what eart h would carry me if I said about t he Book of Allah t hat which I did not have knowledge of.' '' hIn reference t o what Ibn Jarir recorded from Anas, t hat he said, "Umar bin Al-Khat t ab recit ed

び ヴｚャヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ザ ∠ ら∠ ハ ∠ぴ (He frowned and t urned away.) t hen when he reached t his Ayah

び ゅ⇔よ∂ ぺ∠ヱ∠ る⇔ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠プヱ∠ ぴ (And fruit s (Fakihah) and herbage (Abb).) he said, ` We already know what Al-Fakihah is, but what is Al-Abb' Then he said, ` By your life, O Ibn Al-Khat t ab, t his is somet hing over burdensome (i.e., unnecessary t o ask about ).''' This report has an aut hent ic chain of narrat ion. More t han one person has narrat ed it from Anas. The meaning of t he narrat ion is t hat ` Umar want ed t o know how it looks, it s t ype and it s exact descript ion, because he (` Umar) and everyone who reads t his Ayah knows t hat it is one of t he plant s t hat grows from t he eart h. This is clear due t o t he Allah's saying,

⇔ゅルヲ⊥わ∇Α∠コ∠ヱ - ゅ⇔ら∇ツホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ら∠レハ ͡ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ら∂ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇わ∠らル∠ほ∠プぴ び ゅ⇔よ∂ ぺ∠ヱ∠ る⇔ ヰ∠ ム͡ ⇒∠プヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ら∇ヤビ ⊥ ペ ∠ も͡ へ∠ギェ ∠ ヱ∠ - Κ ⇔ ∇ガル∠ ヱ∠ (And We cause t herein t he Habb t o grow. And grapes and Qadb, and olives and dat e palms. And Ghulb Hada'iq. And fruit s (Fakihah) and herbage (Abb).) And t hen He says,

び ∇ユム⊥ ヨ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ６ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ゅ⇔バ⇒∠わョ∠ ぴ (A provision and benefit for you and your cat t le.) meaning, a means of livelihood for you all and your cat t le in t his life unt il t he (coming of) t he Day of Judgement .

ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲぁ ヘ͡ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - る⊥ ｚカべｚダャや れ ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや あモム⊥ ャ͡ - ͡ヮΒ͡レ∠よ∠ヱ ヮ⊥ わ͡ ら∠ エ ͡ ⇒∠タヱ∠ - ヮ͡ Β͡よぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ョあ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ - り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ジョぁ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ - ヮ͡ Β͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ ∀ラ∇ほ∠セ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ - ∀り∠ゲら∠ ビ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヱ∠ - り∀ ゲ∠ ゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジョぁ る∀ ム∠ エ ͡ ⇒∠ッ び り⊥ ゲ∠ イ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ム∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ - り∀ ゲ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヰボ⊥ ∠ワ∇ゲ∠ゎ (33. Then when t here comes As-Sakhkhah) (34. That Day shall a man flee from his brot her.) (35. And from his mot her and his fat her.) (36. And from his wife and his children.) (37. Every man t hat Day will have enough t o make him careless of ot hers.) (38. Some faces t hat Day will be bright ,) (39. Laughing, rej oicing at good news.) (40. And ot her faces t hat Day will be dust st ained.) (41. Darkness will cover t hem.) (42. Such will be t he disbelieving, t he wicked evil doers.)

The Day of Judgement and the fleeing of the People from Their Relatives during it Ibn ` Abbas said, "As-Sakhkhah is one of t he names of t he Day of Judgement t hat Allah has magnified and warned His servant s of.'' Ibn Jarir said, "Perhaps it is a name for t he blowing int o Trumpet .'' Al-Baghawi said, "As-Sakhkhah means t he t hunderous shout of t he Day of Judgement . It has been called t his because it will deafen t he ears. This means t hat it pierces t he hearing t o such an ext ent t hat it almost deafens t he ears.''

- ヮ͡ Β͡よぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ョあ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ - ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲぁ ヘ͡ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び ヮ͡ Β͡レよ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ͡ ら∠ エ ͡ ⇒∠タヱ∠ (That Day shall a man flee from his brot her. And from his mot her and his fat her. And from his wife and his children.) meaning, he will see t hem and t hen flee from t hem, and seek t o get away from t hem because horror will be so great and t he mat t er will be so weight y. There is an aut hent ic Hadit h relat ed concerning t he int ercession t hat st at es t hat every one of t he great Messengers of firm resolve will be request ed t o int ercede wit h Allah on behalf of t he creat ion, but each of t hem will say, "O myself! O myself ! Today I will not ask You (O Allah) concerning anyone but myself.'' Even ` Isa bin Maryam will say, "I will not ask Him (Allah) concerning

anyone but myself t oday. I will not even ask Maryam, t he woman who gave birt h t o me.'' Thus, Allah says,

- ヮ͡ Β͡よぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ョあ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ - ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲぁ ヘ͡ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ び ヮ͡ Β͡レよ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ͡ ら∠ エ ͡ ⇒∠タヱ∠ (That Day shall a man flee from his brot her, and from his mot her and his fat her, and from his wife and his children.) Qat adah said, "The most beloved and t hen t he next most beloved, and t he closest of kin and t hen t he next closest of kin -- due t o t he t error of t hat Day.'' Allah said,

び ヮ͡ Β͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ ∀ラ∇ほ∠セ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや あモム⊥ ャ͡ぴ (Every man t hat Day will have enough t o make him careless of ot hers.) meaning, he will be preoccupied in his business and dist ract ed from t he affairs of ot hers. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded from Ibn ` Abbas t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ゅ⇔ャ∇ゲビ ⊥ り⇔ ゅ∠ゼョ⊥ り⇔ や∠ゲハ ⊥ り⇔ ゅヘ∠ ェ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ » (You will all be gat hered barefoot , naked, walking and uncircumcised.) So his wife said, "O Messenger of Allah! Will we look at or see each ot her's nakedness'' The Prophet replied,

ゅ∠ョ :メゅホ ヱぺ ヮ͡ Β͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ ∀ラ∇ほ∠セ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや あモム⊥ ャ͡» «ゲ∠ヌレｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠ピ∠ ∇セぺ∠ (Every man among t hem on t hat Day will have enough (worries) t o make him careless of ot hers) -- or he said: (he will be t oo busy t o look.) Ibn ` Abbas narrat ed t hat t he Prophet said,

«ゅ⇔ャ∇ゲビ ⊥ り⇔ や∠ゲハ ⊥ り⇔ ゅ∠ヘェ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ » (You will all be gat hered barefoot , naked and uncircumcised.) So a woman said, "Will we see or look at each ot hers nakedness'' He replied,

«ヮΒ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ ∀ラ∇ほ∠セ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョや あモム⊥ ャ͡ ∩⊥るル∠ ゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ゅ∠Α» (O so-and-so woman! Every man among t hem on t hat Day will have enough (worries) t o make him careless of ot hers.) At -Tirmidhi said, "This Hadit h is Hasan Sahih.''

The Faces of the People of Paradise and the People of the Fire on the Day of Judgement

Allah says;

び り∀ ゲ∠ ゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジョぁ る∀ ム∠ エ ͡ ⇒∠ッ - り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ジョぁ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ぴ (Some faces t hat Day will be bright (Musfirah), laughing, rej oicing at good news.) meaning, t he people will be divided int o t wo part ies. There will be faces t hat are Musfirah, which means bright .

び り∀ ゲ∠ ゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジョぁ る∀ ム∠ エ ͡ ⇒∠ッぴ (Laughing, rej oicing at good news.) meaning, happy and pleased due t o t he j oy t hat will be in t heir heart s. The good news will be apparent on t heir faces. These will be t he people of Paradise.

び り∀ ゲ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヰボ⊥ ワ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ - り∀ ゲ∠ ら∠ ビ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And ot her faces t hat Day will be dust -st ained. Darkness (Qat arah) will cover t hem.) meaning, t hey will be overcome and covered wit h Qat arah, which is darkness. Ibn ` Abbas said,

び り∀ ゲ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヰボ⊥ ワ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ぴ (Darkness (Qat arah) will cover t hem.) "This means t hat t hey (t he faces) will be overcome wit h darkness.'' Allah said,

び り⊥ ゲ∠ イ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャや り⊥ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ム∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (Such will be t he disbelieving, t he wicked evildoers.) meaning, t hey are disbelievers in t heir heart s, evildoers in t heir act ions. This is as Allah says,

び⇔やケゅｚヘミ∠ や⇔ゲ͡ィゅ∠プ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギヤ͡Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will beget none but wicked disbelievers.) (71:27) This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat ` Abasa, and t o Allah all praise and t hanks are due.

The Tafsir of Surat At-Takwir (Chapter - 81) Which was revealed in Makkah What has been narrated about This Surah Imam Ahmad recorded from Ibn ` Umar t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヵ ⊥ ∇ぺケ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴャ͡ま ゲ∠ ヌ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ロ⊥ ｚゲシ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » :∇ぺゲ∠ ∇ボΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ リ ∃ ∇Βハ ∠ び ∇れケ∠ ヲあ ミ⊥ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや や∠クま͡ぴ ヱ び ∇れゲ∠ ト ∠ ヘ∠ ルや ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや や∠クま͡ぴ ヱ «び ∇ろボｚ ゼ ∠ ルや ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや や∠クま͡ぴ (Whoever wishes t o look at t he Day of Judgement as if he is seeing it wit h his own eyes, t hen let him read, (When t he sun is wound round.) (81:1) (and; (When t he heaven is cleft asunder.) (82:1) (and; (When t he heaven is split asunder.) (84:1)) Likewise, At -Tirmidhi has also recorded t his Hadit h.

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

- ∇れケ∠ ギ∠ ム∠ ルや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥イレぁ ャや や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ - ∇れケ∠ ヲあ ミ⊥ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや や∠クま͡ぴ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ - ∇ろヤ∠ト あハ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ゼバ͡ ∇ャや や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ - ∇れゲ∠ Βあ シ ⊥ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ∇れゲ∠ イ あシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠エら͡ ∇ャや や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ - ∇れゲ∠ ゼ ͡ェ ⊥ ス ⊥ ヲ⊥ェヲ⊥ ∇ャや ン あ ほ∠よ͡ - ∇ろヤ∠ゃ͡ シ ⊥ り⊥ キ∠ ヱ⊥￢∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ∇ろィ ∠ ヱあ コ⊥ サ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘレぁ ャや ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ∇れゲ∠ ゼ ͡ ル⊥ ブ ⊥ エ ⊥ ぁダャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ∇ろヤ∠わ͡ ホ⊥ ょ ∃ ル∠ク

る⊥ ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ∇れゲ∠ バあ シ ⊥ ユ⊥ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ∇ろト ∠ゼ ͡ ミ⊥ び ∇れゲ∠ ツ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ べｚョ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ∇ろヨ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ - ∇ろヘ∠ ャ͡∇コぺ⊥ (1.When t he sun is Kuwwirat .) (2. And when t he st ars Inkadarat .) (3. And when t he mount ains are made t o pass away;) (4. And when t he pregnant she-camels are neglect ed;) (5. And when t he wild beast s are gat hered t oget her.) (6. And when t he seas become as blazing fire.) (7. And when t he souls are j oined wit h t heir mat es.) (8. And when t he female infant (Al-Maw'udah) buried alive is quest ioned (Su'ilat ):) (9. For what sin was she killed) (10. And when t he pages are laid open.) (11. And when t he heaven is Kushit at ;) (12. And when Hell is Su` irat .) (13. And when Paradise is brought near.) (14. Every person will know what he has brought .)

What will happen on the Day of Judgement, and that is the rolling up of the Sun Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas:

び ∇れケ∠ ヲあ ミ⊥ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや や∠クま͡ぴ (When t he sun is Kuwwirat .) "This means it will be darkened.'' Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas; "It will go away.'' Qat adah said, "It s light will go away.'' Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "Kuwwirat means it will sink in.'' Abu Salih said, "Kuwwirat means it will be t hrown down.'' At Takwir means t o gat her one part of somet hing wit h anot her part of it (i.e., folding). From it comes t he folding of t he t urban (` Imamah) and t he folding of clot hes t oget her. Thus, t he meaning of Allah's st at ement ,

び∇れ∠ケヲあ ミ⊥ ぴ (Kuwwirat ) is t hat part of it will be folded up int o anot her part of it . Then it will be rolled up and t hrown away. When t his is done t o it , it s light will go away. Al-Bukhari recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Prophet said,

«る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ͡ や∠ケヲｚ ム∠ Α⊥ ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや» (The sun and t he moon will be rolled up on t he Day of Judgement .) Al-Bukhari was alone in recording t his Hadit h and t his is his wording of it .

Dispersing the Stars

び ∇れケ∠ ギ∠ ム∠ ルや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥イレぁ ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(And when t he st ars Inkadarat .) meaning, when t hey are scat t ered. This is as Allah says,

び ∇れゲ∠ ん∠ わ∠ ルや ょ ⊥ ミ͡ や∠ヲム∠ ∇ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he st ars have fallen and scat t ered.) (82:2) The basis of t he word Inkidar is Insibab, which means t o be poured out . Ar-Rabi` bin Anas report ed from Abu Al-` Aliyah, who report ed from Ubayy bin Ka` b t hat he said, "Six signs will t ake place before t he Day of Judgement . The people will be in t heir market places when t he sun's light will go away. When t hey are in t hat sit uat ion, t he st ars will be scat t ered. When t hey are in t hat sit uat ion, t he mount ains will fall down upon t he face of t he eart h, and t he eart h will move, quake and be in a st at e of mixed up confusion. So t he Jinns will t hen flee in fright t o t he humans and t he humans will flee t o t he Jinns. The domest ic beast s, birds and wild animals will mix t oget her, and t hey will surge t oget her in a wave (of chaos).

び ∇れゲ∠ ゼ ͡ェ ⊥ ス ⊥ ヲ⊥ェヲ⊥ ∇ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he wild beast s are gat hered t oget her.) This means t hey will be mixed.

び ∇ろヤ∠ト あハ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅゼ ∠ バ͡ ∇ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he pregnant she camels are neglect ed;) This means t heir owners will neglect t hem.

び ∇れゲ∠ イ あシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠エら͡ ∇ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he seas become as blazing fire)'' Then he (Ubayy) went on t o say, "The Jinns will say, ` We come t o you wit h news.' So t hey will all go t o t he sea, and it will be a blazing fire. While t hey are in t hat st at e, t he eart h will be split wit h one huge crack t hat will ext end from t he lowest , sevent h eart h t o t he highest , sevent h heaven. So while t hey are in t hat st at e, a wind will come t hat will kill all of t hem.'' Ibn Jarir recorded t his narrat ion wit h t his wording.

Moving of the Mountains, abandoning of the Pregnant She-Camels, and the gathering of the Wild Beasts Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ∇れゲ∠ Βあ シ ⊥ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he mount ains are made t o pass away;) meaning, t hey will not remain in t heir places and t hey will be dest royed. Then t he eart h will be left as a flat , level plain. Then Allah says,

び ∇ろヤ∠ト あハ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ゼバ͡ ∇ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(And when t he pregnant she-camels (` Ishar) are neglect ed (` Ut t ilat );) ` Ikrimah and Muj ahid said, "` Ishar are (pregnant she-) camels.'' Muj ahid said, "` Ut t ilat means abandoned and left .'' Ubayy bin Ka` b and Ad-Dahhak bot h said, "Their owners will neglect t hem.'' Ar-Rabi` bin Khut haym said, "They will not be milked or t ied up. Their mast ers will leave t hem abandoned.'' Ad-Dahhak said, "They will be left wit h no one t o t end t o t hem.'' And t he meaning of all of t hese st at ement s is similar. What is int ended is t hat t he ` Ishar is a t ype of camel. It is act ually t he best t ype of camel, and part icularly t he pregnant females of t hem when t hey have reached t he t ent h mont h of t heir pregnancies. One of t hem is singularly referred t o as ` Ushara', and she keeps t hat name unt il she gives birt h. So t he people will be t oo busy t o t end t o her, t ake care of her or benefit from her, aft er she used t o be t he most import ant t hing t o t hem. This will be due t o what will suddenly overt ake t hem of t he great , t errifying and horrible sit uat ion. This is t he mat t er of t he Day of Judgement , t he coming t oget her of it s causes, and t he occurrence of t hose t hings t hat will happen before it .

び ∇れゲ∠ ゼ ͡ェ ⊥ ス ⊥ ヲ⊥ェヲ⊥ ∇ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he wild beast s are gat hered t oget her.) meaning, gat hered. This is as Allah says,

ゲ⊥ Β͡トΑ∠ ゲ∃ も͡ ゅ∠デ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ る∃ よｚ へ∠キ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ リ͡ョ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇デゲｚ プ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ん∇ョぺ∠ ∀ユ∠ョぺ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βェ ∠ ゅ∠レイ ∠ よ͡ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ｚユを⊥ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ (There is not a moving creat ure on eart h, nor a bird t hat flies wit h it s t wo wings, but are communit ies like you. We have neglect ed not hing in t he Book, t hen unt o t heir Lord t hey shall be gat hered.) (6:38) Ibn ` Abbas said, "Everyt hing will be gat hered, even t he flies.'' This st at ement was recorded by Ibn Abi Hat im. Allah also says,

び⇔り∠ケヲ⊥ゼ∇エ∠ョ ゲ∠ ∇Βト ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (And (so did) t he birds assembled.) ぴ38:19び meaning, gat hered.

The Blazing of the Seas Allah says,

び ∇れゲ∠ イ あシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠エら͡ ∇ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he seas become as blazing fire.) Ibn Jarir recorded from Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib t hat ` Ali said t o a Jewish man, "Where is t he Hell'' The man said, "The sea.'' ` Ali t hen said, "I t hink he is t rut hful, as Allah says

び ケ͡ ヲ⊥イ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And by t he seas kindled (Masj ur).) (52:6) and;

び ∇れゲ∠ イ あシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠エら͡ ∇ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he seas become as blazing fire.)'' This has already been discussed previously wit h t he explanat ion of Allah's st at ement ,

び ケ͡ ヲ⊥イ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And by t he seas kindled (Masj ur).) (52:6)

Joining the Souls Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ∇ろィ ∠ ヱあ コ⊥ サ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘレぁ ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he souls are j oined wit h t heir mat es.) meaning, every t ype (of soul) will be gat hered wit h it s peer (or mat e). This is as Allah says,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ ⊥ ∇ェやぴ (It will be said t o t he angels): "Assemble t hose who did wrong, t oget her wit h t heir companions (from t he devils).) (37:22) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded from An-Nu` man bin Bashir t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

び ∇ろィ ∠ ヱあ コ⊥ サ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘレぁ ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ ￢⊥ ゅ∠よゲ∠ ツ ぁ ャや: ぁモミ⊥ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ノ∠ ョ∠ あモミ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ ぶ ∠ や ゴｚ ハ ∠ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ :

べ∠ョ る͡ レ∠ ヨ∠ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タほ∠プ∠ - る⇔ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ゅ⇔ィや∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ぴ べ∠ョ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ - る͡ レ∠ ヨ∠ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボら͡ ⇒ｚジャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボら͡ ⇒ｚジャや∠ヱ - る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠

«￢ゅよ∠ ゲ∠ ツ ぁ ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ((And When t he souls are j oined wit h t heir mat es.)( Those who are alike. Every man will be wit h every group of people who performed t he same deeds t hat he did. (This is because Allah says, (And you (all) will be in t hree groups. So t hose on t he Right Hand - how (fort unat e) will be t hose on Right Hand! And t hose on t he Left Hand - how (unfort unat e) will be t hose on t he Left Hand!) (56: 7-10) (They are t hose who are alike.)

Questioning the Female Infant Who was buried Alive Allah says,

び ∇ろヤ∠わ͡ ホ⊥ ょ ∃ ル∠ク ン あ ほ∠よ͡ - ∇ろヤ∠ゃ͡ シ ⊥ り⊥ キ∠ ヱ⊥￢∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he female infant (Al-Maw'udah) buried alive is quest ioned: For what sin was she killed) The maj orit y have recit ed it as Su'ilat (she is quest ioned), as it is here. Al-Maw'udah is t he female infant t hat t he people of t he pre-Islamic t ime of ignorance would bury in t he dirt due t o t heir hat red of girls. Therefore, on t he Day of Judgement , t he female infant will be asked what sin she commit t ed t hat caused here t o be murdered. This will be a means of fright ening her murderer. For verily, if t he one who was wronged is quest ioned, what does t he wrongdoer (t he one who is guilt y of t he oppression) t hink t hen ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

び ∇ろヤ∠ゃ͡ シ ⊥ り⊥ キ∠ ヱ⊥￢∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he female infant (Al-Maw'udah) buried alive Su'ilat :) "This means t hat she will ask.'' Abu Ad-Duha made a similar st at ement when he said, "She will ask, meaning she will demand rest it ut ion for her blood.'' The same has been report ed from As-Suddi and Qat adah. Hadit hs have been report ed concerning t he Maw'udah. Imam Ahmad recorded from ` A'ishah, who report ed from Judamah bint Wahb, t he sist er of ` Ukkashah, t hat she said, "I was in t he presence of t he Messenger of Allah when he was wit h some people, and he said,

ヶ͡プ れ ⊥ ∇ゲヌ ∠ レ∠ プ∠ る͡ ヤ∠Β͡ピ∇ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヨ∠ ワ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠» ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∇ユワ⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤΒ͡ピΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∠サケ͡ ゅ∠プヱ∠ ュ͡ ヱぁゲャや «ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ∇ユワ⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ (I was about t o prohibit sexual relat ions wit h breast feeding women, but t hen I saw t hat t he Romans and t he Persians have sexual relat ions wit h t heir women who breast feed t heir children and it does not harm t he children at all.) Then t hey asked him about int errupt ion of sexual int ercourse t o prevent t he male discharge from ent ering t he womb of t he woman, and he said,

«ろ∠ヤゃ͡ シ ⊥ り⊥ キ∠ ヱ⊥￢∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ぁヶヘ͡ ガ ∠ ∇ャや キ⊥ ∇ぺヲ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク» (That is t he minor infant icide and it is t he female infant buried alive (Maw'udah) t hat will be quest ioned.)'' Muslim, Ibn Maj ah, Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i, all recorded t his Hadit h as well.

The Atonement for burying Infant Girls Alive Abdur-Razzaq said t hat Isra'il informed t hem from Simak bin Harb, from An-Nu` man bin Bashir, who report ed from ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab t hat he said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ∇ろヤ∠ゃ͡ シ ⊥ り⊥ キ∠ ヱ⊥￢∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he female infant buried alive is quest ioned.) "Qays bin ` Asim came t o t he Messenger of Allah and said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Verily, I buried some daught ers of mine alive in t he period of pre-Islamic ignorance.' The Messenger of Allah said,

«る∠らホ∠ ケ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ り∃ ギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ あモミ⊥ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ペわ͡ ∇ハぺ∠» (Free a slave for each one of t hem.) Then Qays said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Verily, I am an owner of camels.' The Prophet said,

«る∠ルギ∠ よ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ り∃ ギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ あモミ⊥ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プ» (Then sacrifice a camel for each one of t hem.)''

The Distribution of the Pages Allah says,

び ∇れゲ∠ ゼ ͡ ル⊥ ブ ⊥ エ ⊥ ぁダャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he pages are laid open.) Ad-Dahhak said, "Every person will be given his paper in his right hand or in his left hand.'' Qat adah said, "O Son of Adam ! It (your paper) is writ t en in, t hen it is rolled up, t hen it will be dist ribut ed t o you on t he Day of Judgement . So let each man look at what he himself dict at ed t o be writ t en in his paper

Removing the Heavens, kindling Hellfire, and Paradise being brought near Allah says,

び ∇ろト ∠ゼ ͡ ミ⊥ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he heaven is Kushit at ;) Muj ahid said, "It drawns away.'' As-Suddi said, "St ripped off.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ∇れゲ∠ バあ シ ⊥ ユ⊥ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when Hell is Su` irat .) As-Suddi said, "It is heat ed.'' In reference t o Allah's st at ement ,

び ∇ろヘ∠ ャ͡∇コぺ⊥ る⊥ ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when Paradise is brought near.) Ad-Dahhak, Abu Malik, Qat adah, and Ar-Rabi` bin Khut haym, all said, "This means it will be brought near t o it s inhabit ant s.''

Everyone will know what He has brought on the Day of Judgement Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ∇れゲ∠ ツ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ べｚョ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ∇ろヨ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ぴ (Every person will know what he has brought .) This is t he conclusive response of t he previous st at ement s, meaning at t he t ime t hese mat t ers occur, every soul will know what it has done, and t hat will be brought fort h for it , as Allah says,

や⇔ゲツ ∠ ∇エョぁ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚョ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ギ⊥ イ ͡ ゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ や∠ギョ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ キぁ ヲ∠ ゎ∠ ￢∃ ヲ⊥シ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ びや⇔ギΒ͡バよ∠ (On t he Day when every person will be confront ed wit h all t he good he has done, and all t he evil he has done, he will wish t hat t here were a great dist ance bet ween him and his evil.) (3:30) Allah also says,

び ゲ∠ カ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ グ͡ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ほ⊥ｚらレ∠ Α⊥ ぴ (On t hat Day man will be informed of what he sent forward, and what he left behind.) (75:13)

や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱ - ザ ͡ レｚ ム⊥ ∇ャや ケ͡ や∠ヲイ ∠ ∇ャや - ザ ͡ レｚ ガ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケ∠ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ザ ∠ ヘｚ レ∠ ゎ∠ や∠クま͡ ウ ͡ ∇らダ ぁ ャや∠ヱ - ザ ∠ バ∠ ∇ジハ ∠ ユｚ を∠ ノ∃ ⇒∠トョぁ リ ∃ Β͡ムョ∠ ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ンク͡ ギ∠ レ͡ハ り∃ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ン͡ク ユ∃ Α͡ゲミ∠ ペ ͡ プ⊥ Ι ｙ ゅ͡よ ロ⊥ や∠￢ケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ラ ∃ ヲ⊥レ∇イヨ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ら⊥ エ ͡ ⇒∠タ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ リ ∃ Β͡ョぺ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ よ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ リ ∃ Β͡レツ ∠ よ͡ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ͡リΒ͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∀ゲ∇ミ͡ク Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇グゎ∠ リ ∠ ∇Αほ∠プ ユ∃ Β͡ィケｚ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇Βセ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ゼゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ヨャ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ (15. But nay! I swear by Al-Khunnas.) (16. Al-Jawar Al-Kunnas.) (17. And by t he night when it ` As` as.) (18. And by t he day when it Tanaffas.) (19. Verily, t his is t he Word a most honorable messenger.) (20. Dhi Quwwah, wit h t he Lord of t he Throne -- Makin,) (21. Obeyed t here, t rust wort hy.) (22. And your companion is not a madman.) (23. And indeed he saw him in t he clear horizon.) (24. And he wit hholds not a knowledge of t he Unseen.) (25. And it is not t he word of t he out cast Shayt an.) (26. Then where are you going) (27. Verily, t his is no less t han a Reminder for t he creat ures.) (28. To whomsoever among you who wills t o walk st raight .) (29. And you cannot will unless t hat Allah wills -- t he Lord of all t hat exist s.)

The Explanation of the Words Al-Khunnas and Al-Kunnas Muslim recorded in his Sahih, and An-Nasa'i in his Book of Tafsir, in explaining t his Ayah, from ` Amr bin Hurayt h t hat he said, "I prayed t he Morning prayer behind t he Prophet , and I heard him recit ing,

や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱ - ザ ͡ レｚ ム⊥ ∇ャや ケ͡ や∠ヲイ ∠ ∇ャや - ザ ͡ レｚ ガ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ びザ ∠ ヘｚ レ∠ ゎ∠ や∠クま͡ ウ ͡ ∇らダ ぁ ャや∠ヱ - ザ ∠ バ∠ ∇ジハ ∠ (But nay! I swear by Al-Khunnas, Al-Jawar Al-Kunnas, and by t he night when it ` As` as, and by t he day when it Tanaffas.)'' Ibn Jarir recorded from Khalid bin ` Ar` arah t hat he heard ` Ali being asked about t he Ayah; (ゅ∠ャ ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ ザ ͡ レｚ ガ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ. ケ͡ や∠ヲイ ∠ ∇ャや ザ ͡ レｚ ム⊥ ∇ャや) (Nay! I swear by Al-Khunnas, Al-Jawar AlKunnas.) and he said, "These are t he st ars t hat wit hdraw (disappear) during t he day and sweep across t he sky (appear) at night .'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びザ ∠ バ∠ ∇ジハ ∠ や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱぴ (And by t he night when it ` As` as.) There are t wo opinions about t his st at ement . One of t hem is t hat t his refers t o it s advancing wit h it s darkness. Muj ahid said, "It means it s darkening.'' Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "When it begins.'' Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "When it covers t he people.'' This was also said by ` At iyah Al-` Awfi. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah and Al-` Awfi bot h report ed from Ibn ` Abbas:

び∠ザバ∠ ∇ジハ ∠ や∠クま͡ぴ (when it ` As` as) "This means when it goes away.'' Muj ahid, Qat adah and Ad-Dahhak, all said t he same. Zayd bin Aslam and his son ` Abdur-Rahman also made a similar st at ement , when t hey said,

び∠ザバ∠ ∇ジハ ∠ や∠クま͡ぴ (when it ` As` as) "This means when it leaves, and t hus it t urns away.'' I believe t hat t he int ent in Allah's saying,

び∠ザバ∠ ∇ジハ ∠ や∠クま͡ぴ (when it ` As` as) is when it approaches, even t hough it is correct t o use t his word for depart ing also. However, approachment is a more suit able usage here. It is as if Allah is swearing by t he night and it s darkness when it approaches, and by t he morning and it s light when it shines from t he east . This is as Allah says,

び ヴｚヤイ ∠ ゎ∠ や∠クま͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ - ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱぴ (By t he night as it envelops. By t he day as it appears in bright ness) (92:1-2) and He also says,

び ヴ∠イシ ∠ や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱ - ヴ∠エツ ぁ ャや∠ヱぴ (By t he forenoon. By t he night when it darkens.) (93:1-2) Allah also says,

び⇔ゅレ∠ムシ ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゥ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇タΗ ͡ やペ ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠プぴ (Cleaver of t he daybreak. He has appoint ed night for rest ing.) (6:96) And t here are ot her similar Ayat t hat ment ion t his. Many of t he scholars of t he fundament als of language have said t hat t he word ` As` as is used t o mean advancing and ret reat ing, wit h bot h meanings sharing t he same word. Therefore, it is correct t hat t he int ent could be bot h of t hem, and Allah knows best . Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びザ ∠ ヘｚ レ∠ ゎ∠ や∠クま͡ ウ ͡ ∇らダ ぁ ャや∠ヱぴ (And by t he day when it Tanaffas.) Ad-Dahhak said, "When it rises.'' Qat adah said, "When it bright ens and advances.''

Jibril descended with the Qur'an and it is not the Result of Insanity Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ユ∃ Α͡ゲミ∠ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケ∠ メ ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, t his is t he Word of a most honorable messenger.) meaning, indeed t his Qur'an is being conveyed by a noble messenger, which is referring t o an honorable angel, who has good charact er and a radiant appearance, and he is Jibril. Ibn ` Abbas, Ash-Sha` bi, Maymun bin Mihran, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Ad-Dahhak and ot hers have said t his.

び∃りヲｚ ホ⊥ ン͡クぴ (Dhi Quwwah) This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び∃りゲｚ ョ͡ ヱ⊥ク ン∠ヲボ⊥ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ぴ (He has been t aught by one might y in power, Dhu Mirrah.) (53:5-6) meaning, might y in creat ion, might y in st rengt h and might y in act ions.

び∃リΒ͡ムョ∠ ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ン͡ク ギ∠ レ͡ハぴ (wit h t he Lord of t he Throne Makin,) meaning, he has high st at us and loft y rank wit h Allah.

びｚユを∠ ノ∃ ⇒∠トョぁ ぴ (Obeyed t here,) meaning, he has prest ige, his word is list ened t o, and he is obeyed among t he most high gat hering (of angels). Qat adah said,

びｚユを∠ ノ∃ ⇒∠トョぁ ぴ (Obeyed t here) "This means in t he heavens. He is not one of t he lower ranking (ordinary) angels. Rat her he is from t he high ranking, prest igious angels. He is respect ed and has been chosen for (t he delivery of) t his magnificent Message.'' Allah t hen says,

び∀リΒ͡ョぺ∠ぴ (t rust wort hy.) This is a descript ion of Jibril as being t rust wort hy. This is somet hing very great , t hat t he Almight y Lord has commended His servant and angelic Messenger, Jibril, j ust as He has commended His servant and human Messenger, Muhammad by His st at ement ,

びラ ∃ ヲ⊥レ∇イヨ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ら⊥ エ ͡ ⇒∠タ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And your companion is not a madman.) Ash-Sha` bi, Maymun bin Mihran, Abu Salih and ot hers who have been previously ment ioned, all said, "This refers t o Muhammad .'' Allah said,

び ͡リΒ͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ペ ͡ プ⊥ Ι ｙ ゅ͡よ ロ⊥ や∠￢ケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed he saw him in t he clear horizon.) meaning, indeed Muhammad saw Jibril, who brought him t he Message from Allah, in t he form t hat Allah creat ed him in (i.e., his t rue form), and he had six hundred wings.

び͡リΒ͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャや ペ ͡ プ⊥ Ι ｙ ゅ͡よぴ (in t he clear horizon. ) meaning, clear. This refers t o t he first sight ing which occurred at AlBat ha' (Makkah). This incident is ment ioned in Allah's st at ement ,

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ - ン∠ヲわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ り∃ ゲｚ ョ͡ ヱ⊥ク - ン∠ヲボ⊥ ∇ャや ギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ぴ び ヴｚャギ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ル∠キ ｚユを⊥ - ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ｘやペ ͡ プ⊥ Ι ｙ ゅ͡よ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ∠ェ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ - ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βシ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ぴ び ヴ∠ェ∇ヱ∠ぺ べ∠ョ (He has been t aught by one might y in power (Jibril). Dhu Mirrah, t hen he rose. While he was in t he highest part of t he horizon. Then he approached and came closer. And was at a dist ance of t wo bows' lengt h or less. So (Allah) revealed t o His servant what He revealed.) (53:5-10) The explanat ion of t his and it s confirmat ion has already preceded, as well as t he evidence t hat proves t hat it is referring t o Jibril. It seems apparent -- and Allah knows best -- t hat t his Surah (At -Takwir) was revealed before t he Night Journey (Al-Isra'), because not hing has been ment ioned in it except t his sight ing (of Jibril), and it is t he first sight ing. The second sight ing has been ment ioned in Allah's st at ement ,

- ヴ∠ヰわ∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや り͡ ケ∠ ∇ギシ ͡ ギ∠ レ͡ハ - ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ る⇔ ャ∠∇ゴル∠ ロ⊥ や∠￢ケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ り∠ ケ∠ ∇ギジ あ ャや ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ ∇クま͡ - ン∠ヱ∇ほヨ∠ ∇ャや る⊥ ｚレィ ∠ ゅ∠ワ∠ギレ͡ハ び (And indeed he saw him (Jibril) at a second descent . Near Sidrah Al-Munt aha. Near it is t he Paradise of Abode. When t hat covered t he lot e t ree which did cover it !) (53:13-16) And t hese Ayat have only been ment ioned in Surat An-Naj m, which was revealed aft er Surat Al-Isra' (The Night Journey). The Prophet is not St ingy in conveying t he Revelat ion (ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや リ ∃ Β͡レヌ ∠ よ͡ ) (He is not Zanin over t he Unseen) meaning Muhammad is not following false conj ect ure about what Allah revealed. Ot hers have recit ed t his Ayah wit h t he ` Dad' in t he word Danin, which means t hat he is not st ingy, but rat her he conveys it t o everyone. Sufyan bin ` Uyaynah said, "Zanin and Danin bot h have t he same meaning. They mean t hat he is not a liar, nor is he a wicked, sinful person. The Zanin is one who follows false supposit ion, and t he Danin is one who is st ingy.'' Qat adah said, "The Qur'an was unseen and Allah revealed it t o Muhammad , and he did not wit hhold it from t he people. Rat her he announced it , conveyed it , and offered it t o everyone who want ed it .'' ` Ikrimah, Ibn Zayd and ot hers have made similar st at ement s. Ibn Jarir preferred t he recit at ion Danin. I say t hat bot h of recit at ions have been confirmed by numerous rout es of t ransmission, and it s meaning is correct eit her way, as we have ment ioned earlier.

The Qur'an is a Reminder for all the Worlds and It is not the Inspiration of Shaytan Allah says,

び ユ∃ Β͡ィケｚ リ ∃ ⇒∠ト∇Βセ ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ よ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And it is not t he word of t he out cast Shayt an.) meaning, t his Qur'an is not t he st at ement of an out cast Shayt an. This means t hat he is not able t o produce it , nor is it befit t ing of him t o do so. This is as Allah says,

ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠Βｚゼャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ろャ∠ゴｚ レ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱ⊥ゴ∇バヨ∠ ャ∠ ノ͡ ∇ヨジ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ (And it is not t he Shayat in who have brought it down. Neit her would it suit t hem nor t hey can. Verily, t hey have been removed far from hearing it .) (26:210-212) Then Allah says,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇グゎ∠ リ ∠ ∇Αほ∠プぴ

(Then where are you going) meaning, where has your reason gone, in rej ect ing t his Qur'an, while it is manifest , clear, and evident t hat it is t he t rut h from Allah. This is as Abu Bakr AsSiddiq said t o t he delegat ion of Bani Hanifah when t hey came t o him as Muslims and he commanded t hem t o recit e (somet hing from t he Qur'an). So t hey recit ed somet hing t o him from t he so called Qur'an of Musaylimah t he Liar, t hat was t ot al gibberish and t erribly poor in st yle. Thus, Abu Bakr said, "Woe unt o you! Where have your senses gone By Allah, t his speech did not come from a god.'' Qat adah said,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇グゎ∠ リ ∠ ∇Αほ∠プぴ (Then where are you going) meaning, from t he Book of Allah and His obedience. Then Allah says,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあ ∀ゲ∇ミ͡ク Ι ｚ ま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ぴ (Verily, t his is no less t han a Reminder t o t he creat ures.) meaning, t his Qur'an is a reminder for all of mankind. They are reminded by it and receive admonit ion from it .

び ユ∠ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ヨャ͡ぴ (To whomsoever among you who wills t o walk st raight .) meaning, whoever seeks guidance, t hen he must adhere t o t his Qur'an, for verily it is his salvat ion and guidance. There is no guidance in ot her t han it .

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ゼゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And you cannot will unless (it be) t hat Allah wills -- t he Lord of all t hat exist s.) This means t hat t he will is not left t o you all, so t hat whoever wishes t o be guided, t hen he is guided, and whoever wishes t o be ast ray, t hen he goes ast ray, rat her, all of t his is according t o t he will of Allah t he Exalt ed, and He is t he Lord of all t hat exist s. It is report ed from Sulayman bin Musa t hat when t his Ayah was revealed,

び ユ∠ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠セ リ∠ヨャ͡ぴ (To whomsoever among you who wills t o walk st raight .) Abu Jahl said, "The mat t er is up t o us. If we wish, we will st and st raight , and we do not wish, we will not st and st raight .'' So Allah revealed,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ ぁ ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢∠ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ゼゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And you cannot will unless (it be) t hat Allah wills t he Lord of t he all t hat exist s.) This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat At -Takwir, and all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Infitar

(Chapter - 82) Which was revealed in Makkah The Virtues of Surat Al-Infitar An-Nasa'i recorded from Jabir t hat Mu` adh st ood and lead t he people in t he Night prayer, and he made t he recit at ion of his prayer long. So t he Prophet said,

∇リハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∨⊥クゅ∠バョ⊥ ゅ∠Α ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∀ラゅｚわ∠プ∠ぺ» び ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ∂ やマ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ∠ ∇シや ウ ͡ らあ シ ∠ぴ び ヴ∠エツ ぁ ャや∠ヱぴ ヱ∠ «び ∇れゲ∠ ト ∠ ヘ∠ ルや ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや や∠クま͡ぴ (Are you put t ing t he people t o t rial O Mu` adh Why don't you recit e (Glorify t he Name of your Lord t he Most High) (87), (By t he forenoon) (93), and (When t he heaven is cleft asunder) (82))'' The basis of t his Hadit h is found in t he Two Sahihs, however t he ment ioning of

び ∇れゲ∠ ト ∠ ヘ∠ ルや ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや や∠クま͡ぴ (When t he heaven is cleft asunder.) has only been ment ioned by An-Nasa'i. It has been previously ment ioned in a narrat ion from ` Abdullah bin ` Umar t hat t he Prophet said,

リ ∃ ∇Βハ ∠ ヵ ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ヌ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ロ⊥ ｚゲシ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » :∇ぺゲ∠ ∇ボΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ び ∇れケ∠ ヲあ ミ⊥ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや や∠クま͡ぴ ヱ

び ∇れゲ∠ ト ∠ ヘ∠ ルや ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや や∠クま͡ぴ

ヱ «び ∇ろボｚ ゼ ∠ ルや ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや や∠クま͡ぴ (Whoever would be pleased t o look at t he Day of Resurrect ion wit h his own eyes, t hen let him recit e, (When t he sun is Kuwwirat .) (81) and; (When t he heaven is cleft asunder) (82) and; (When t he heaven is split asunder) (84).)

ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ (In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

-∇れゲ∠ ん∠ わ∠ ルや ょ ⊥ ミ͡ や∠ヲム∠ ∇ャや や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ -∇れゲ∠ ト ∠ ヘ∠ ルや ￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや や∠クま͡ぴ ∇ろヨ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ -∇れゲ∠ ん͡ ∇バよ⊥ ケ⊥ ヲ⊥らボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ -∇れゲ∠ イ ∂ プ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠エら͡ ∇ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ゲｚ ビ ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゅヰ∠ Αぁ ほ∠Α -∇れゲ∠ カ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅｚョ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ヴ͡プ -マ ∠ ャ∠ギ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ポ ∠ やｚヲジ ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや -ユ͡ Α͡ゲム∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ よ∂ ゲ∠ よ͡ び-マ ∠ ら∠ ミｚ ケ∠ ￢べ∠セ ゅｚョ り∃ ケ∠ ヲ⊥タ ン ∂ ぺ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠エャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ -リ ͡ Α∂ギャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグ∂ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ∇モよ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ び-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α -リ ∠ Β͡らわ͡ ⇒∠ミ ゅ⇔ョや∠ゲミ͡ (1. When t he heaven is cleft asunder (Infat arat ).) (2. And when t he st ars Int at harat .) (3. And when t he seas Fuj j irat .) (4. And when t he graves Bu` t hirat .) (5. A person will know what he has sent forward and left behind.) (6. O man! What has made you careless about your Lord, t he Most Generous) (7. Who creat ed you, fashioned you perfect ly, and gave you due proport ion.) (8. In what ever form He willed, He put you t oget her.) (9. Nay! But you deny (t he Day of) AdDin.) (10. But verily, over you t o wat ch you) (11. Kiraman Kat ibin,) (12. They know all t hat you do.) What will happen on t he Day of Judgement Allah says,

び ∇れゲ∠ ト ∠ ヘ∠ ルや ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや や∠クま͡ぴ (When t he heaven is cleft asunder (Infat arat ).) meaning, it split s. This is as Allah says,

び͡ヮよ͡ ゲ∀ ト ͡ ヘ∠ レ⊥ョ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャやぴ (Whereon t he heaven will be cleft asunder (Munfat ir)) (73:18) Then Allah says,

び ∇れゲ∠ ん∠ わ∠ ルや ょ ⊥ ミ͡ や∠ヲム∠ ∇ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he st ars Int at harat .) meaning, fallen.

び ∇れゲ∠ イ あ プ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠エら͡ ∇ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he seas Fuj j irat .) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "Allah will cause some of it t o burst fort h over ot her part s of it .'' Al-Hasan said, "Allah will cause some part s of it t o burst fort h over ot her part s of it , and it s wat er will go away.'' Qat adah said, "It s fresh wat er will mix wit h it s salt wat er.''

び ∇れゲ∠ ん͡ ∇バよ⊥ ケ⊥ ヲ⊥らボ⊥ ∇ャや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he graves Bu` t hirat .) Ibn ` Abbas said, "searched.'' As-Suddi said, "Tub` at hiru means t hat t hey will be moved and t hose who are in t hem will come out .''

び ∇れゲ∠ カ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ゅｚョ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ∇ろヨ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ぴ (A person will know what he has sent forward and left behind.) meaning, when t his happens t hen t his will occur. Mankind should not forget about Allah Allah says,

び ユ͡ Α͡ゲム∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲｚ ビ ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O man! What has made you careless about your Lord, t he Most Generous) This is a t hreat . It is not an at t empt t o get a reply as some people mist akenly t hink. They consider it as if t he Most Generous is asking t hem so t hat t hey will say, "His honor deceived him (or made him careless of his Lord).'' rat her t he meaning of t his Ayah is, "O Son of Adam! What has deceived you from your Lord, t he Most Generous -- meaning t he Most Great -- so t hat you went fort h disobeying Him, and you met Him wit h t hat which was unbefit t ing.'' This is similar t o what has been report ed in t he Hadit h,

ゅ∠ョ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ∠ ∇よや ゅ∠Α :る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » «∨∠リΒ͡ヤシ ∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャや ろ ∠ ∇らィ ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クゅ∠ョ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ∠ ∇よや ゅ∠Α ∨ヶ͡よ ポ ∠ ゲｚ ビ ∠ (Allah will say on t he Day of Judgement : "O Son of Adam! What has deceived you concerning Me O Son of Adam What was your response t o t he Messengers'') Al-Baghawi ment ioned t hat Al-Kalbi

and Muqat il said, "This Ayah was revealed about Al-Aswad bin Shariq who st ruck t he Prophet and he was not punished in ret aliat ion. So Allah revealed,

び͡ユΑ͡ゲム∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ よあ ゲ∠ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲｚ ビ ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (What has made you careless about your Lord, t he Most Generous)'' Then Allah said,

びマ ∠ ャ∠ギ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ポ ∠ やｚヲジ ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (Who creat ed you, fashioned you perfect ly, and gave you due proport ion.) meaning, ` what has deceived you concerning t he Most Generous Lord'

びマ ∠ ャ∠ギ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ポ ∠ やｚヲジ ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (Who creat ed you, fashioned you perfect ly, and gave you due proport ion.) meaning, ` He made you complet e, st raight , and perfect ly balanced and proport ioned in st at ure. He fashioned you in t he best of forms and shapes.' Imam Ahmad recorded from Busr bin Jahhash Al-Qurashi t hat one day t he Messenger of Allah spat in his palm and placed his finger on it . Then he said,

∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ルゴ⊥ イ ͡ ∇バゎ⊥ ヴ∇ルぺ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ∠ ∇よや ゅ∠Α :モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ» マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ャギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇Αヲｚ シ ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∨͡ログ͡ ワ モ ͡ ∇んョ͡ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇バヨ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ∩∀ギΒ͡もヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇レョ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ヤャ͡ヱ∠ ∩͡リ∇Αキ∠ ∇ゲよ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ろ ∠ ∇Βゼ ∠ ョ∠ ベ ⊥ ギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ :ろ ∠ ∇ヤホ⊥ ヶ ∠ ホ͡ や∠ゲわｚ ャや ろ ͡ ピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇バレ∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ «∨͡るホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや ラ ⊥ や∠ヱぺ∠ ヴｚル∠ぺ∠ヱ (Allah t he Might y and Sublime says: "O Son of Adam! How can you escape Me when I creat ed you from somet hing similar t o t his (spit ) Then I fashioned you and made your creat ion balanced so t hat you walked bet ween t he t wo out er garment s. And t he eart h has a burial place for you. So you gat hered (wealt h) and wit hheld it unt il your soul reached your collarbone (i.e., deat h comes). Then, at t hat t ime you say, ` I will give charit y now.' But how will t here be t ime for charit y'') This Hadit h has also been recorded by Ibn Maj ah . Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びマ ∠ ら∠ ミｚ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠セ ゅｚョ り∃ ケ∠ ヲ⊥タ ン あ ぺ∠ ヴ͡プぴ (In what ever form He willed, He put you t oget her.) Muj ahid said, "In which resemblance: t he fat her, t he mot her, t he pat ernal uncle, or t he mat ernal uncle.'' In t he Two Sahihs it is recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat a man said, "O Messenger of Allah! Verily, my wife has given birt h t o a black boy.'' The Prophet said,

«∨∃モよ͡ ま͡ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ∇モワ∠ » (Do you have any camels) The man said, "Yes.'' The Prophet t hen said,

«ゅ∠ヰル⊥ や∠ヲ∇ャぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ » (What color are t hey) The man said, "Red.'' The Prophet said,

«ベ∠ケ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ » (Do any of t hem have pat ches of gray) The man said, "Yes.'' The Prophet asked him,

«マ͡ャク ゅ∠ワゅ∠ゎぺ∠ ヴ∇ルほ∠プ∠ » (How did t his happen t o t hem) The man replied, "It is probably an inherit ed genet ical st rain.'' The Prophet t hen said,

«ベ∇ゲハ ͡ ヮ⊥ ハ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ や∠グワ∠ ヱ∠ » (Likewise, t his (wit h your son) is probably an inherit ed genet ical st rain.) The Cause of Decept ion and alert ing t o t he Fact t hat Angels record t he Deeds of t he Children of Adam Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ͡ Αあギャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ∇モよ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay! But you deny (t he Day of) Ad-Din.) meaning, ` you are only compelled t o oppose t he Most Generous and meet Him wit h disobedience, by your rej ect ion in your heart s of t he Hereaft er, t he recompense and t he reckoning.' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α - リ ∠ Β͡らわ͡ ⇒∠ミ ゅ⇔ョや∠ゲミ͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠エャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ (But verily, over you t o wat ch you (are) Kiraman Kat ibin, t hey know all t hat you do.) (82:10-12) meaning, ` indeed t here are noble guardian angels over you, so do not meet t hem wit h evil deeds, because t hey writ e down all t hat you do.'

- ユ∃ Β͡エィ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚイヘ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡バル∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ケ∠ や∠ゲ∇よΙ ｘやラ ｚ ま͡ぴ - リ ∠ Β͡らも͡ べ∠ピよ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ユ∠ ワ⊥ ゅョ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ͡ Αあギャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ル∇ヲ∠ヤ∇ダ∠Α

ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョ ｚユを⊥ - リ ͡ Αあギャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘ や∠ヱ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨゎ∠ Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - リ ͡ Αあギャや び ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ (13. Verily, t he Abrar (t he right eous believers) will be in Delight ;) (14. And verily, t he wicked will be in t he blazing Fire (Hell),) (15. Therein t hey will ent er, and t ast e it s burning flame on t he Day of Recompense,) (16. And t hey will not be absent t herefrom.) (17.And what will make you know what t he Day of Recompense is) (18. Again, what will make you know what t he Day of Recompense is) (19. (It will be) t he Day when no person shall have power for anot her, and t he Decision, t hat Day, will be wit h Allah.)

The Reward of the Righteous and the Sinners Allah informs of what the righteous will receive of delight. They are t hose who obeyed Allah and did not meet Him wit h disobedience (sins). Then He ment ions t hat t he evildoers will be in Hell and et ernal t orment . Due t o t his He says,

びリ ͡ Αあギャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇ヲヤ∠∇ダΑ∠ ぴ (Therein t hey will ent er, and t ast e it s burning flame on t he Day of Recompense,) meaning, t he Day of Reckoning, Recompense, and Judgement .

びリ ∠ Β͡らも͡ べ∠ピよ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ユ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will not be absent t herefrom.) meaning, t hey will not be absent for even one hour from t he t orment . The t orment will not be light ened from t hem, nor will t hey be grant ed t he deat h t hat t hey will be request ing, or any rest -- not even for a single day. Allah t hen says,

びリ ͡ Αあギャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And what will make you know what t he Day of Recompense is) This is a magnificat ion of t he affair of t he Day of Judgement . Then Allah affirms it by saying,

びリ ͡ Αあギャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Again, what will make you know what t he Day of Recompense is) Then He explains t his by saying,

び⇔ゅゃ∇Βセ ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨゎ∠ Ι ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ

((It will be) t he Day when no person shall have power for anot her, ) meaning, no one will be able t o benefit anyone else, or help him out of t hat which he will be in, unless Allah gives permission t o whomever He wishes and is pleased wit h. We will ment ion here a Hadit h (where t he Prophet said),

マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ やヱ⊥グボ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ∩ユ͡セゅ∠ワ ヶ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠Α» «ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ぶ ͡ やリ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ (O children of Hashim! Save yourselves from t he Fire, for I have no power t o cause you any benefit from Allah.) This has been ment ioned previously at t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat AshShu` ara' (see 26:214). Thus, Allah says,

び͡ヮヤｚャ͡ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ ｘ や∠ヱぴ (and t he Decision, t hat Day, will be wit h Allah.) "By Allah, t he Decision is for Allah t oday (now), but on t hat Day no one will t ry t o disput e wit h Him about it .'' This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Infit ar. All praise and blessings are due t o Allah, and He is t he Giver of success and freedom from error.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Mutaffifin (Chapter - 83) Which was revealed in Al-Madinah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠わ∇ミや や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - リ ∠ Β͡ヘヘあ ト ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱぴ -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ルコ∠ ヱｚ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ャゅ∠ミ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プ∇ヲわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ - ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をヲ⊥バ∇らョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ぁリヌ ⊥ Α∠ Ι∠ぺ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ ャ͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ (1. Woe t o Al-Mut affifin.) (2. Those who, when t hey have t o receive by measure from men, demand full measure,) (3. And when t hey have t o give by measure or weight t o men, give less t han due.) (4. Do t hey not t hink t hat t hey will be resurrect ed,) (5. On a Great Day) (6. The Day when (all) mankind will st and before t he Lord of all t hat exist s)

Increasing and decreasing in the Measure and Weight will be a Cause for Regret and Loss An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah bot h recorded from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "When t he Prophet came t o Al-Madinah, t he people of Al-Madinah were t he most t errible people in giving measurement (i.e., t hey used t o cheat ). Thus, Allah revealed,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヘヘあ ト ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱぴ (Woe t o Al-Mut affifin.) Aft er t his, t hey began t o give good measure.'' The meaning of t he word Tat fif here is t o be st ingy wit h measurement and weight , eit her by increasing it if it is due from t he ot hers, or decreasing it if it is a debt . Thus, Allah explains t hat t he Mut affifin t hose whom He has promised loss and dest ruct ion, whom are meant by "Woe'' are

び͡サゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠わ∇ミや や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who, when t hey have t o receive by measure from men,) meaning, from among t he people.

び∠ラヲ⊥プ∇ヲわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ぴ (demand full measure,) meaning, t hey t ake t heir right by demanding full measure and ext ra as well.

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ルコ∠ ヱｚ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ャゅ∠ミ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t hey have t o give by measure or weight t o (ot her) men, give less t han due.) meaning, t hey decrease. Verily, Allah commanded t hat t he measure and weight should be given in full. He says in anot her Ayah,

͡サゅ∠ト∇ジ͡ボャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ルコ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤミ͡ やク͡ま モ ∠ ∇Βム∠ ∇ャや やヲ⊥プ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ユ͡ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや (And give full measure when you measure, and weigh wit h a balance t hat is st raight . That is good and bet t er in t he end.) (17:35) Allah also says,

ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ブ ⊥ あヤム∠ ル⊥ Ι ∠ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇Βム∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥プ∇ヱ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ びゅ∠ヰバ∠ ∇シヱ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ (And give full measure and full weight wit h j ust ice. We burden not any person, but wit h t hat which he can bear.) (6:152) and He says,

びラ ∠ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ∇コヲ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And observe t he weight wit h equit y and do not make t he balance deficient .) (55:9) Allah dest royed t he people of Shu` ayb and wiped t hem out because of t heir cheat ing in weight s and measurement s. ning, t hey t ake t heir right by demanding full measure and ext ra as well.

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ルコ∠ ヱｚ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ャゅ∠ミ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t hey have t o give by measure or weight t o (ot her) men, give less t han due.) meaning, t hey decrease. Verily, Allah commanded t hat t he measure and weight should be given in full. He says in anot her Ayah,

͡サゅ∠ト∇ジ͡ボャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ルコ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤミ͡ やク͡ま モ ∠ ∇Βム∠ ∇ャや やヲ⊥プ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ユ͡ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや (And give full measure when you measure, and weigh wit h a balance t hat is st raight . That is good and bet t er in t he end.) (17:35) Allah also says,

ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ブ ⊥ あヤム∠ ル⊥ Ι ∠ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅよ͡ ラ ∠ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇Βム∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥プ∇ヱ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ びゅ∠ヰバ∠ ∇シヱ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ (And give full measure and full weight wit h j ust ice. We burden not any person, but wit h t hat which he can bear.) (6:152) and He says,

びラ ∠ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ∇コヲ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And observe t he weight wit h equit y and do not make t he balance deficient .) (55:9) Allah dest royed t he people of Shu` ayb and wiped t hem out because of t heir cheat ing in weight s and measurement s. be able t o bare. Imam Malik report ed from Nafi` who report ed from Ibn ` Umar t hat t he Prophet said,

ょ ∠ Β͡ピΑ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡ヨャ∠ゅ∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ ャ͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ » «ヮ∇Βル∠ ク⊥ ぺ⊥ フ ͡ ゅ∠ダ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ エ ͡ ∇セケ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ (This will be t he Day t hat mankind will st and before t he Lord of all t hat exist s, unt il one of t hem will sink up t o t he middle of his ears in sweat .) Al-Bukhari recorded t his Hadit h from Malik and ` Abdullah bin ` Awn, bot h of whom report ed it from Nafi` . Muslim also recorded it from t wo rout es. Anot her Hadit h: Hadit h;uA ? give less t han due.) meaning, t hey decrease.

Verily, Allah commanded t hat t he measure and weight should be given in full. He says in anot her Ayah,

͡サゅ∠ト∇ジ͡ボャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ルコ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤミ͡ やク͡ま モ ∠ ∇Βム∠ ∇ャや やヲ⊥プ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ユ͡ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや (And give full measure when you measure, and weigh wit h a balance t hat is st raight . That is good and bet t er in t he end.) (17:35) Allah also says,

ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ブ ⊥ あヤム∠ ル⊥ Ι ∠ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ モ ∠ ∇Βム∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥プ∇ヱ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ びゅ∠ヰバ∠ ∇シヱ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ (And give full measure and full weight wit h j ust ice. We burden not any person, but wit h t hat which he can bear.) (6:152) and He says,

びラ ∠ や∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲジ ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅよ͡ ラ ∠ ∇コヲ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And observe t he weight wit h equit y and do not make t he balance deficient .) (55:9) Allah dest royed t he people of Shu` ayb and wiped t hem out because of t heir cheat ing in weight s and measurement s.

Threatening the Mutaffifin with standing before the Lord of all that exists Then Allah says as a t hreat t o t hem,

び ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をヲ⊥バ∇らョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ぁリヌ ⊥ Α∠ Ι∠ぺぴ (Do t hey not t hink t hat t hey will be resurrect ed, on a Great Day) meaning, do t hese people not fear t he resurrect ion and st anding before He Who knows t he hidden mat t ers and t he innermost secret s, on a Day t hat cont ains great horror and t remendous fright Whoever loses on t his Day will be made t o ent er int o a blazing fire. Then Allah says,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ ャ͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day when (all) mankind will st and before t he Lord of all t hat exist s) meaning, t hey will st and barefoot ed, naked and uncircumcised at a st at ion t hat will be difficult , hard, and dist ressful for t he criminals. They will be covered by t he command from Allah, and it will be t hat , which t he st rengt h and t he senses will not be able t o bare. Imam Malik report ed from Nafi` who report ed from Ibn ` Umar t hat t he Prophet said,

ょ ∠ Β͡ピΑ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡ヨャ∠ゅバ∠ ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ ャ͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ » «ヮ∇Βル∠ ク⊥ ぺ⊥ フ ͡ ゅ∠ダ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ エ ͡ ∇セケ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ (This will be t he Day t hat mankind will st and before t he Lord of all t hat exist s, unt il one of t hem will sink up t o t he middle of his ears in sweat .) Al-Bukhari recorded t his Hadit h from Malik and ` Abdullah bin ` Awn, bot h of whom report ed it from Nafi` . Muslim also recorded it from t wo rout es. Anot her Hadit h: Hadit u ?? ? u A ? Threat ening t he Mut affifin wit h st anding before t he Lord of all t hat exist s Then Allah says as a t hreat t o t hem,

び ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥をヲ⊥バ∇らョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ぁリヌ ⊥ Α∠ Ι∠ぺぴ (Do t hey not t hink t hat t hey will be resurrect ed, on a Great Day) meaning, do t hese people not fear t he resurrect ion and st anding before He Who knows t he hidden mat t ers and t he innermost secret s, on a Day t hat cont ains great horror and t remendous fright Whoever loses on t his Day will be made t o ent er int o a blazing fire. Then Allah says,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ ャ͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day when (all) mankind will st and before t he Lord of all t hat exist s) meaning, t hey will st and barefoot ed, naked and uncircumcised at a st at ion t hat will be difficult , hard, and dist ressful for t he criminals. They will be covered by t he command from Allah, and it will be t hat , which t he st rengt h and t he senses will not be able t o bare. Imam Malik report ed from Nafi` who report ed from Ibn ` Umar t hat t he Prophet said,

ょ ∠ Β͡ピΑ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡ヨャ∠ゅ∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ ャ͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ » «ヮ∇Βル∠ ク⊥ ぺ⊥ フ ͡ ゅ∠ダ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ エ ͡ ∇セケ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ (This will be t he Day t hat mankind will st and before t he Lord of all t hat exist s, unt il one of t hem will sink up t o t he middle of his ears in sweat .) Al-Bukhari recorded t his Hadit h from Malik and ` Abdullah bin ` Awn, bot h of whom report ed it from Nafi` . Muslim also recorded it from t wo rout es. Anot her Hadit h: Imam Ahmad recorded from Al-Miqdad, who was Ibn AlAswad Al-Kindi, t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや ろ ͡ Β∠ ル͡ ∇キぺ⊥ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ や∠クま͡» ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ダわ∠ プ∠ メゅホ リ ͡ ∇Βヤ∠Β͡ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ モ ∃ Β͡ョ ケ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ケ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ミ∠ ベ ͡ ゲ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ ザ ⊥ ∇ヨｚゼャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βら∠ ボ͡ ハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡

∇リョ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Αヲ∠ ∇ボェ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βわ∠ ら∠ ∇ミケ⊥ «ゅ⇔ョゅ∠イ∇ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ イ ͡ ∇ヤΑ⊥ (On t he Day of Judgement , t he sun will draw near t he servant s unt il it is a mile or t wo away from t hem. Then t he sun will burn t hem, and t hey will be submersed in sweat based upon t he amount of t heir deeds. From among t hem t here will be t hose whose sweat will come up t o t heir t wo heels. From among t hem t here will be t hose whose sweat will come up t o t heir t wo knees. From among t hem t here will be t hose whose sweat will come up t o t heir groins. From among t hem t here will be t hose who will be bridled in sweat (up t o t heir necks).) This Hadit h was recorded by Muslim and At -Tirmidhi. In Sunan Abu Dawud it is recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o seek refuge wit h Allah from t he hardship of st anding on t he Day of Judgement . It has been report ed from Ibn Mas` ud t hat t hey will be st anding for fort y years wit h t heir heads raised t oward t he sky. No one will speak t o t hem, and t he right eous and wicked among t hem will all be bridled in sweat . It has been report ed from Ibn ` Umar t hat t hey will be st anding for one hundred years. Bot h of t hese st at ement s have been recorded by Ibn Jarir. In t he Sunans of Abu Dawud, An-Nasa'i, and Ibn Maj ah, it is recorded from ` A'ishah t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o begin his lat e night prayer by declaring Allah's great ness t en t imes, praising Allah t en t imes, glorifying Allah t en t imes, and seeking Allah's forgiveness t en t imes. Then he would say,

«ヶ͡レプ͡ ゅ∠ハヱ∠ ヶ͡レ∇ホコ⊥ ∇ケや∠ヱ ヶ͡ルギ͡ ∇ワやヱ∠ ヶ͡ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや» (O Allah! Forgive me, guide me, provide for me, and prot ect me.) Then he would seek refuge from t he hardship of t he st anding on t he Day of Judgement .

ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∃ Βあイシ ͡ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚイヘ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ ∠リΒ͡よグあ ∠ムヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ ∀ュヲ⊥ホ∇ゲョｚ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ - ∀リΒあイ͡シ ゅョ∠ ぁモミ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゆ ⊥ あグム∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ リ ͡ Αあギャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ Α⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ ユ∃ Β͡をぺ∠ ギ∃ わ∠ ∇バョ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ や∠ケ ∇モよ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘや ｚユを⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よヲ⊥イ∇エヨ∠ ャｚ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ン͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ワ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ダャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥

(7. Nay! Truly, t he Record of t he wicked is in Sij j in.) (8. And what will make you know what Sij j in is) (9. A Regist er inscribed.) (10. Woe, t hat Day, t o t hose who deny.) (11. Those who deny t he Day of Recompense.) (12. And none can deny it except every t ransgressor beyond bounds, t he sinner!) (13. When Our Ayat are recit ed t o him, he says: "Tales of t he ancient s!'') (14. Nay! But on t heir heart s is t he Ran (covering) which t hey used t o earn.) (15. Nay! Surely, t hey will be veiled from seeing t heir Lord t hat Day.) (16. Then verily, t hey will indeed ent er t he burning flame of Hell.) (17. Then, it will be said t o t hem: "This is what you used t o deny!'')

The Record of the Wicked and some of what happens to Them Allah says t ruly,

び∃リΒあイシ ͡ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚイヘ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Nay! Truly, t he Record of t he wicked is in Sij j in.) meaning, t hat t heir final dest inat ion and t heir abode will be in Sij j in, which is derived from t he word prison (Sij n), and here it means st rait ened circumst ances. Thus, Allah expresses t he great ness of t his mat t er, saying;

び ∀リΒあイ͡シ ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And what will make you know what Sij j in is) meaning, it is a great mat t er, an et ernal prison, and a painful t orment . Some have said t hat it is beneat h t he sevent h eart h. It has been ment ioned previously in t he lengt hy Hadit h of Al-Bara' bin ` Azib t hat t he Prophet said,

やヲ⊥らわ⊥ ∇ミや ゲ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや ゥ ͡ ヱ⊥ケ ヶ͡プ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や メヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ろ ⊥ ∇エゎ∠ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ∀リΒあイ͡シ∠ヱ .リ ∃ Βあイシ ͡ ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠わミ͡ «る∠バよ͡ ゅｚジャや (Allah says concerning t he soul of t he disbeliever, ` Record his book in Sij j in.' And Sij j in is beneat h t he sevent h eart h.)'' it is known t hat t he dest inat ion of t he wicked people will be Hell, and it is t he lowest of t he low. For Allah says,

∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠シ モ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇キキ∠ ケ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ び͡ろ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ (Then We reduced him t o t he lowest of t he low. Save t hose who believe and do right eous deeds.) (95:5-6) Here Allah says,

ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∃ Βあイシ ͡ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚイヘ⊥ ∇ャや ょ ∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ び ∀リΒあイ͡シ ゅ∠ョ (Nay! Truly, t he Record of t he wicked is in Sij j in. And what will make you know what Sij j in is) and it is full of hardship and misery. Allah says,

マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ ∇や∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ルゲｚ ボ∠ ョぁ ゅ⇔ボあΒッ ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ャぺ⊥ へ∠クま∠ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥らを⊥ (And when t hey shall be t hrown int o a narrow place t hereof, chained t oget her, t hey will exclaim t herein for dest ruct ion.) (25:13) Then Allah says,

び ∀ュヲ⊥ホ∇ゲョｚ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミぴ (A Regist er inscribed.) This is not an explanat ion of His st at ement ,

び ∀リΒあイ͡シ ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And what will make you know what Sij j in is) It is only an explanat ion of t he dest inat ion t hat will be recorded for t hem, which is Sij j in. Meaning, it is inscribed, writ t en, and complet ed. No one can add t o it and no one can remove anyt hing from it . This was said by Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi. Then Allah said,

びリ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱぴ (Woe, t hat Day, t o t hose who deny.) meaning, when t hey come t o t he imprisonment , Allah t hreat ened t hem wit h, on t he Day of Judgement , and t he disgraceful t orment . The st at ement , "Woe,'' has already been discussed previously and t here is no need t o repeat it here. Basically, it means dest ruct ion and devast at ion. This is like what is said, "Woe t o so-and-so.'' This is similar t o what has been recorded in t he Musnad and t he Sunan collect ions on t he aut horit y of Bahz bin Hakim bin Mu` awiyah bin Haydah,

び ∀リΒあイ͡シ ゅョ∠ ∠ (Nay! Truly, ! TrulrsA ? t he Record of t he wicked is in Sij j in. And what will make you know what Sij j in is) and it is full of hardship and misery. Allah says,

マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ ∇や∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ルゲｚ ボ∠ ョぁ ゅ⇔ボあΒッ ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ャぺ⊥ へ∠クま∠ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケヲら⊥ を⊥ (And when t hey shall be t hrown int o a narrow place t hereof, chained t oget her, t hey will exclaim t herein for dest ruct ion.) (25:13) Then Allah says,

び ∀ュヲ⊥ホ∇ゲョｚ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミぴ (A Regist er inscribed.) This is not an explanat ion of His st at ement ,

び ∀リΒあイ͡シ ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And what will make you know what Sij j in is) It is only an explanat ion of t he dest inat ion t hat will be recorded for t hem, which is Sij j in. Meaning, it is inscribed, writ t en, and complet ed. No one can add t o it and no one can remove anyt hing from it . This was said by Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi. Then Allah said,

びリ ∠ Β͡よグあ ム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱぴ (Woe, t hat Day, t o t hose who deny.) meaning, when t hey come t o t he imprisonment , Allah t hreat ened t hem wit h, on t he Day of Judgement , and t he disgraceful t orment . The st at ement , "Woe,'' has already been discussed previously and t here is no need t o repeat it here. Basically, it means dest ruct ion and devast at ion. This is like what is said, "Woe t o so-and-so.'' This is similar t o what has been recorded in t he Musnad and t he Sunan collect ions on t he aut horit y of Bahz bin Hakim bin Mu` awiyah bin Haydah, who report ed from his fat her, who report ed from his grandfat her t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∀モ∇Α∠ヱ ∩∠サゅｚレャや マ ∠エ ͡ ∇ツΒ⊥ ャ͡ ゆ ⊥ グ͡ ∇ムΒ∠ プ∠ ゐ ⊥ あギエ ∠ Α⊥ ヵ͡グヤｚャ͡ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ» «ヮ∠ャ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ (Woe unt o whoever speaks, and lies in order t o make t he people laugh. Woe unt o him, woe unt o him.) Then Allah says, in explaining who are t he wicked, disbelieving deniers,

びリ ͡ Αあギャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ Α⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who deny t he Day of Recompense.) meaning, t hey do not believe it will happen, and t hey do not believe in it s exist ence. Thus, t hey consider it a mat t er t hat is farfet ched. Allah t hen says,

び ユ∃ Β͡をぺ∠ ギ∃ わ∠ ∇バョ⊥ ぁモミ⊥ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゆ ⊥ あグム∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And none can deny it except every t ransgressor, sinner.) meaning, t ransgressive in his act ions by doing t hat which is forbidden and exceeding t he limit s when acquiring t he permissible. He is a sinner in his st at ement s, because he lies whenever he speaks, he breaks his promises whenever he makes t hem, and he behaves in an abusive and wicked manner whenever he argues. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゅ∠レわ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ や∠クま͡ぴ (When Our Ayat are recit ed t o him, he says: "Tales of t he ancient s!'') meaning, whenever he hears t he Words of Allah from t he Messenger , he denies it and has ill t hought s about it . Thus, he believes t hat it is a collect ion gat hered from t he books of t he ancient s. This is as Allah says,

ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ よぁ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ へ∠クゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ びリ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘや (And when it is said t o t hem: "What is it t hat your Lord has sent down'' They say: "Tales of t he men of old!'') (16:24) Similarly Allah says,

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇ヨゎ⊥ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰら∠ わ∠ わ∠ ∇ミや リ ∠ Β͡ャヱｚ Ι ｘ や ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡タぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ (And t hey say: "Tales of t he ancient s, which he has writ t en down: and t hey are dict at ed t o him morning and aft ernoon.'') (25:5) Then Allah cont inues saying,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲヤ⊥ホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ や∠ケ ∇モよ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay! But on t heir heart s is t he Ran (covering) which t hey used t o earn.) meaning, t he mat t er is not as t hey claim, nor as t hey say: "Verily, t his Qur'an is t ales of t he ancient s.'' Rat her, it is t he Word of Allah, His inspirat ion and His revelat ion t o His Messenger . The only t hing t hat blocked t heir heart s from believing in it is t he dark covering cast over it from t he many sins and wrong t hey commit t ed t hat has covered up t heir heart s. Thus, Allah says,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ や∠ケ ∇モよ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay! But on t heir heart s is t he Ran (covering) which t hey used t o earn.) This dark covering known as Rayn overcomes t he heart s of t he disbelievers, t he covering of Ghaym is for t he right eous, and t he covering of Ghayn is for t hose who are near t o Allah. Ibn Jarir, At -Tirmidhi, An-Nisa'i, and Ibn Maj ah all recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Prophet said,

ヶ͡プ ￢⊥ や∠キ∇ヲシ ∠ ∀る∠わ∇ムル⊥ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ ょ ∠ ル∠ ∇クぺ∠ や∠クま͡ ギ∠ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» uベ ∩⊥ヮら⊥ ∇ヤホ∠ モ ∠ ボ͡ タ ⊥ ゅヰ∠ ∇レョ͡ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ヮら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ uA ay! But on t heir heart s is t he Ran (covering) which t hey used t o earn.) meaning, t he mat t er is not as t hey claim, nor as t hey say: "Verily, t his Qur'an is t ales of t he ancient s.'' Rat her, it is t he Word of Allah, His inspirat ion and His revelat ion t o His Messenger . The only t hing t hat blocked t heir heart s from believing in it is t he dark covering cast over it from t he many sins and wrong t hey commit t ed t hat has covered up t heir heart s. Thus, Allah says, uuA ? "What is it t hat your Lord has sent down'' They say: "Tales of t he men of old!'') (16:24) Similarly Allah says,

ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇ヨゎ⊥ ヴ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰら∠ わ∠ わ∠ ∇ミや ∠リΒ͡ャヱｚ ｘΙや ゲ⊥ Β͡ト⇒∠シぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ びΚ ⇔ Β͡タぺ∠ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ (And t hey say: "Tales of t he ancient s, which he has writ t en down: and t hey are dict at ed t o him morning and aft ernoon.'') (25:5) Then Allah cont inues saying,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ や∠ケ ∇モよ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay! But on t heir heart s is t he Ran (covering) which t hey used t o earn.) meaning, t he mat t er is not as t hey claim, nor as t hey say: "Verily, t his Qur'an is t ales of t he ancient s.'' Rat her, it is t he Word of Allah, His inspirat ion and His revelat ion t o His Messenger . The only t hing t hat blocked t heir heart s from believing in it is t he dark covering cast over it from t he many sins and wrong t hey commit t ed t hat has covered up t heir heart s. Thus, Allah says,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ や∠ケ ∇モよ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay! But on t heir heart s is t he Ran (covering) which t hey used t o earn.) This dark covering known as Rayn overcomes t he heart s of t he disbelievers, t he covering of Ghaym is for t he right eous, and t he covering of Ghayn is for t hose who are near t o Allah. Ibn Jarir, At -Tirmidhi, An-Nisa'i, and Ibn Maj ah all recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Prophet said,

ヶ͡プ ￢⊥ や∠キ∇ヲシ ∠ ∀る∠わ∇ムル⊥ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ ょ ∠ ル∠ ∇クぺ∠ や∠クま͡ ギ∠ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» キ∠ や∠コ ∇ラま͡ヲ∠ ホ ∩⊥ヮら⊥ ∇ヤホ∠ モ ∠ ボ͡ タ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ヮら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ͡ やメ ⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠プ ∩∇れキ∠ や∠コ «び ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ や∠ケ ∇モよ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ

(Verily, when t he servant commit s a sin, a black spot appears in his heart . If he repent s from it , his heart is polished clean. However, if he increases (in t he sin), t he spot will cont inue t o increase. That is t he st at ement of Allah: ((Nay! But on t heir heart s is t he Ran (covering) which t hey used t o earn.)) At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.'' The wording of An-Nasa'i says,

∀る∠わ∇ムル⊥ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヶ͡プ ろ ∠ ム͡ ル⊥ る⇔ ゃ∠ Β͡トカ ∠ ほ∠ト ∠ ∇カぺ∠ や∠クま͡ ギ∠ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ヤホ∠ モ ∠ ボ͡ タ ⊥ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ゎヱ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ネ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩ ￢⊥ や∠キ∇ヲシ ∠ ラ ⊥ やｚゲャや ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ら∠ ∇ヤホ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇バゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ギ∠ Α͡コ キ∠ ゅ∠ハ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩ :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ヵ͡グャｚや «び ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅｚョ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ や∠ケ ∇モよ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Whenever t he servant commit s a wrong, a black spot is put in his heart . So, if he refrains from it , seeks forgiveness and repent s, his heart is polished clean. But if he ret urns t o t he sin, t he spot will increase unt il it overcomes his (ent ire) heart , and t his is t he Ran t hat Allah ment ions when He says: (Nay, but on t heir heart s is t he Ran (covering) which t hey used t o earn.)) Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よヲ⊥イ∇エヨ∠ ャｚ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay! Surely, t hey will be veiled from seeing t heir Lord t hat Day.) meaning, t hey will have a place on t he Day of Judgement , and lodging in Sij j in. Along wit h t his t hey will be veiled from seeing t heir Lord and Creat or on t he Day of Judgement . Imam Abu ` Abdullah Ash-Shafi` i said, "In t his Ayah is a proof t hat t he believers will see Him (Allah), t he Might y and Sublime, on t hat Day.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ダャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then verily, t hey will indeed ent er t he burning flame of Hell.) meaning, along wit h t his being prevent ed from seeing t he Most Gracious, t hey will also be among t he people of t he Fire.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ ゎ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ン͡グャｚや や∠グ⇒∠ワ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then, it will be said t o t hem: "This is what you used t o deny!'') (83:17) meaning, t his will be said t o t hem by way of scolding, rebuking, belit t ling, and humi- liat ion.

ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ ΒあΒヤあハ ͡ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ケ͡ や∠ゲ∇よΙ ｘやょ ∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ ラ ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ∀ュヲ⊥ホ∇ゲョｚ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミ ラ ∠ ヲぁΒヤあハ ͡ ゅ∠ョ フ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α マ ͡ も͡ へ∠ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ユ∃ Β͡バル∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ケ∠ や∠ゲ∇よΙ ｘや ペ ∃ Β͡ェケｚ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ユ͡ Β͡バレｚ ャや り∠ ゲ∠ ∇ツル∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ͡プ ザ ͡ プ∠ ゅ∠レわ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ∀マ∇ジ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ⇒∠わカ ͡ ュ∃ ヲ⊥わ∇ガョｚ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ⇔レ∇Βハ ∠ ユ∃ Β͡レ∇ジゎ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ィ ⊥ や∠ゴョ͡ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジヘ͡ ⇒∠レわ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや (18. Nay! Verily, t he Record of Al-Abrar (t he right eous believers) is (preserved) in ` Illiyyin.) (19. And what will make you know what ` Illiyyin is) (20. A Regist er inscribed,) (21. To which bear wit ness t hose nearest .) (22. Verily, Al-Abrar (t he right eous believers) will be in Delight .) (23. On t hrones, looking.) (24. You will recognize in t heir faces t he bright ness of delight ). (25. They will be given t o drink of pure sealed Rahiq.) (26. Sealed wit h musk, and for t his let t hose st rive who want t o st rive.) (27. It will be mixed wit h Tasnim:) (28. A spring whereof drink t hose nearest t o Allah.)

The Record Book of the Righteous and Their Reward Allah says t hat t ruly,

び͡ケや∠ゲ∇よΙ ｘやょ ∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he Record of Al-Abrar (t he right eous believers)) These people are in a sit uat ion t hat is t he opposit e of t he wicked people.

び∠リΒあΒヤあハ ͡ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ぴ (is in ` Illiyyin.) meaning, t heir final dest inat ion is ` Illiyyin, which is t he opposit e of Sij j in. It has been report ed from Hilal bin Yasaf t hat Ibn ` Abbas asked Ka` b about Sij j in while he was present , and Ka` b said, "It is t he sevent h eart h and in it are t he souls of t he disbelievers.'' Then Ibn ` Abbas asked him about ` Illiyyin, so he said, "It is t he sevent h heaven and it cont ains t he souls of t he believers.'' This st at ement -- t hat it is t he sevent h heaven -- has been said by ot hers as well. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びリ ∠ ΒあΒヤあハ ͡ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ケ͡ や∠ゲ∇よΙ ｘやょ ∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay! Verily, t he Record of Al-Abrar (t he right eous believers) is in ` Illiyyin.) "This means Paradise.'' Ot hers besides him have said, "` Iliyyin is locat ed at Sidrat Al-Munt aha.'' The obvious meaning is t hat t he word ` Illiyyin is t aken from t he word ` Uluw, which means highness. The more somet hing ascends and rises, t he more it becomes great er and increases. Thus, Allah magnifies it s affair and ext ols it s mat t er by saying,

びラ ∠ ヲぁΒヤあハ ͡ ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And what will make you know what ` Illiyyin is) Then He says by way of affirming what will be writ t en for t hem,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ∀ュヲ⊥ホ∇ゲョｚ ∀ょ⇒∠わ͡ミぴ (A Regist er inscribed. To which bear wit ness t hose nearest .) They are t he angels. This was st at ed by Qat adah. Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "Those nearest t o Allah in each heaven will wit ness it .'' Then Allah says,

び ユ∃ Β͡バル∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ケ∠ や∠ゲ∇よΙ ｘやラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, Al-Abrar (t he right euos believers) will be in Delight .) meaning, on t he Day of Judgement t hey will be in et ernal pleasure and gardens t hat cont ain comprehensive bount ies.

び͡マも͡ や∠ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (On t hrones,) These are t hrones beneat h canopies from which t hey will be gazing. It has been said, "This means t hat t hey will be gazing at t heir kingdom and what Allah has given t hem of good and bount ies t hat will not end or perish. It has also been said,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α マ ͡ も͡ へ∠ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (On t hrones, looking.) "This means t hat t hey will be looking at Allah, t he Might y and Sublime.'' This is t he opposit e of what t hose wicked people have been described wit h,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よヲ⊥イ∇エヨ∠ ャｚ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケｚ リ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay! Surely, t hey (evildoers) will be veiled from seeing t heir Lord t hat Day.) (83:15) Thus, it has been ment ioned t hat t hese (right eous people) will be allowed t o look at Allah while t hey are upon t heir t hrones and elevat ed couches. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ユ͡ Β͡バレｚ ャや り∠ ゲ∠ ∇ツル∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヴ͡プ フ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ぴ (You will recognize in t heir faces t he bright ness of delight .) meaning, ` you will not ice a glow of delight in t heir faces when you look at t hem.' This is a descript ion of opulence, decorum, happiness, composure, and aut horit y t hat t hey will be experiencing from t his great delight . Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ュ∃ ヲ⊥わ∇ガョｚ ペ ∃ Β͡ェケｚ リ͡ョ ラ ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ぴ (They will be given t o drink of pure sealed Rahiq.) meaning, t hey will be given drink from t he wine of Paradise. Ar-Rahiq is one of t he names of t he wine (in Paradise). Ibn Mas` ud, Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan, Qat adah and Ibn Zayd all said t his. Ibn Mas` ud said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∀マ∇ジョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ⇒∠わカ ͡ぴ (Sealed wit h musk,) "This means it will be mixed wit h musk.'' Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "Allah will make t he wine have a pleasant aroma for t hem, so t he last t hing t hat He will place in it will be musk. Thus, it will be sealed wit h musk.'' Qat adah and AdDahhak bot h said t he same. Then Allah says,

び∠ラヲ⊥ジヘ͡ ⇒∠レわ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ザ ͡ プ∠ ゅ∠レわ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ (and for t his let (all) t hose st rive who want t o st rive.) meaning, for a sit uat ion like t his, let t he boast ers boast , compet e, and st rive t o gain more. Let t he compet it ors compet e and race t oward t he likes of t his. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや モ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ モ ͡ ∇んヨ͡ ャ͡ぴ (For t he like of t his let t he workers work.) (37:61) Allah t hen says,

び ユ∃ Β͡レ∇ジゎ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ィ ⊥ や∠ゴョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (It will be mixed wit h Tasnim.) meaning, t his wine t hat is being described is mixed wit h Tasnim. This refers t o a drink called Tasnim, and it is t he most excellent and exalt ed drink of t he people of Paradise. This was said by Abu Salih and Ad-Dahhak. Thus, Allah says,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲｚ ボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ⇔レ∇Βハ ∠ぴ (A spring whereof drink t hose nearest t o Allah.) (83:28) meaning, t hose who are near t o Allah, will drink from it as t hey wish, and t he companions of t he right hand will be given a drink t hat is mixed wit h it . This has been said by Ibn Mas` ud, Ibn ` Abbas, Masruq, Qat adah and ot hers.

∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ョゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴョ∠ ゅ∠ピわ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱぁゲョ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムエ ∠ ∇ツΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ - リ ∠ Β͡ヰム͡ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らヤ∠ボ∠ ルや ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥らヤ∠ボ∠ ルや ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲぁャべ∠ツャ∠ ￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ケ͡ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プ - リ ∠ Β͡ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠ェ ゆ ∠ ヲあ を⊥ ∇モワ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α マ ͡ も͡ へ∠ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムエ ∠ ∇ツΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ケ⊥ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや (29. Verily, t hose who commit t ed crimes used t o laugh at t hose who believed.) (30. And, whenever t hey passed by t hem, used t o wink one t o anot her.) (31. And when t hey ret urned t o t heir own people, t hey would ret urn j est ing;) (32. And when t hey saw t hem, t hey said: "Verily, t hese have indeed gone ast ray!'') (33. But t hey were not sent as wat chers over t hem.) (34. But t his Day t hose who believe will laugh at t he disbelievers) (35. On t hrones, looking.) (36. Are not t he disbelievers paid for what t hey used t o do)

The Wicked Behavior of the Criminals and Their mocking of the Believers Allah informs t hat t he criminals used t o laugh at t he believers in t he worldly life. In ot her words, t hey would mock t hem and despise t hem. Whenever t hey would pass by t he believers, t hey would wink at each ot her about t hem, meaning in cont empt of t hem.

びリ ∠ Β͡ヰム͡ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らヤ∠ボ∠ ルや ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥らヤ∠ボ∠ ルや や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t hey ret urned t o t heir own people, t hey would ret urn j est ing.) meaning, when t hese criminals t urn back, or ret urn t o t heir homes, t hey go back pleased. This means t hat what ever t hey request , t hey find it . Yet , wit h t his, t hey st ill are not grat eful for Allah's favor upon t hem. Rat her t hey busy t hemselves wit h despising and envying t he believers.

びラ ∠ ヲぁャべ∠ツャ∠ ￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t hey saw t hem, t hey said: "Verily, t hese have indeed gone ast ray!'') meaning, ` because t hey are upon a religion ot her t han t heir own religion.' Allah t hen says,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠ェ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤシ ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (But t hey were not sent as wat chers over t hem.) meaning, t hese criminals have not been sent as guardians over t he deeds and st at ement s of t hese believers. These wrongdoers have not been made responsible for t hem. So, why are t hey so concerned wit h t hem, and why have t hey made t hem t he focus of t heir at t ent ion This is as Allah says,

び ͡ラヲ⊥ヨヤあ∠ムゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ゃジ ∠ ∇カや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ン͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョあ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨェ ͡ ゲ∠ ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ヱ∠ ン͡ゲ∇ミク͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ヲジ ∠ ル∠ぺ ヴｚわェ ∠ ゅ⇔Α∂ ゲ͡ ∇ガシ ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ⊥ ∇グガ ∠ ゎｚ ゅ∠プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Αゴ∠ ィ ∠ ヴあルま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムエ ∠ ∇ツゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゴも͡ べ∠ヘ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ぺ∠ (He (Allah) will say: "Remain you in it wit h ignominy! And speak you not t o Me!'' Verily t here was a part y of My servant s, who used t o say: "Our Lord! We believe, so forgive us, and have mercy on us, for You are t he Best of all who show mercy!'' But you t ook t hem for a laughing st ock, so much so t hat t hey made you forget My remembrance while you used t o laugh at t hem! Verily, I have rewarded t hem t his Day for t heir pat ience: t hey are indeed t he ones t hat are successful.) (23:108-111) Thus, Allah says here,

び∠ュ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プぴ (But t his Day) meaning, t he Day of Judgement .

び∠ラヲ⊥ムエ ∠ ∇ツΑ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (t hose who believe will laugh at t he disbelievers) meaning, as ret ribut ion for how t hose people laughed at t hem.

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α マ ͡ も͡ へ∠ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ (On t hrones, looking.) meaning, looking at Allah as reward for bearing t he false claims against t hem t hat t hey were misguided. They were not misguided at all. Rat her t hey were t he close Awliya' of Allah, who will be looking at t heir Lord in t he place of His honor. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ケ⊥ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや ゆ ∠ ヲあ を⊥ ∇モワ∠ ぴ (Are not t he disbelievers paid for what t hey used t o do) meaning, ` will t he disbelievers be recompensed for t heir mockery and belit t lement against t he believers, or not ' This means t hat t hey surely will be paid in full, complet ely and perfect ly (for t heir behavior). This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Mut affifin, and all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Inshiqaq (Chapter - 84) Which was revealed in Makkah is report ed from Abu Salamah t hat while leading t hem in prayer, Abu Hurayrah recit ed,

び ∇ろボｚ ゼ ∠ ルや ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや や∠クま͡ぴ (When t he heaven is split asunder.) and he prost rat ed during it s recit at ion. Then when he complet ed t he prayer, he informed t hem t hat t he Messenger of Allah prost rat ed during it s recit at ion. This was recorded by Muslim and An-Nasa'i on t he aut horit y of Malik. Al-Bukhari recorded from Abu Rafi` t hat he prayed t he Night prayer wit h Abu Hurayrah) recit ed,

び ∇ろボｚ ゼ ∠ ルや ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや や∠クま͡ぴ (When t he heaven is split asunder.) t hen he prost rat ed. So Abu Rafi` said somet hing t o him about it (quest ioning it ). Abu Hurayrah replied, "I prost rat ed behind Abul-Qasim (t he Prophet ), and I will never cease prost rat ing during it s recit at ion unt il I meet him.''

び͡ユΒ͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ -∇ろボｚ ェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ∂ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ∇ろル∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ -∇ろボｚ ゼ ∠ ルや ￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや や∠クま͡ぴ ∇ろル∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ -∇ろヤｚガ ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∇ろボ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ -∇れギｚ ョ⊥ チ ⊥ ∇ケ∇Ιや マ ∠ よ∂ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∀ゥ͡キゅ∠ミ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゅヰ∠ Αぁ ほ∠Α -∇ろボｚ ェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ∂ ゲ∠ ャ͡ -ヮ͡ レ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ -ヮ͡ Β͡ボ⇒∠ヤヨ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔ェ∇ギミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ょ ⊥ ヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Αヱ∠ -や⇔ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ゅ⇔よゅ∠ジェ ͡ ょ ⊥ シ ∠ ゅ∠エΑ⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠

-ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヰニ ∠ ￢へ∠ケヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ -や⇔ケヱ⊥ゲ∇ジョ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ -や⇔ゲΒ͡バシ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇ダΑ∠ ヱ∠ -や⇔ケヲら⊥ を⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ -ケ∠ ヲ⊥エΑ∠ リｚャ ラ∠ぺ リ ｚニ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ -や⇔ケヱ⊥ゲ∇ジョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ͡プ び-や⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ (1. When t he heaven is split asunder,) (2. And list ens t o and obeys it s Lord -- and it must do so.) (3. And when t he eart h is st ret ched fort h,) (4. And has cast out all t hat was in it and became empt y.) (5. And list ens t o and obeys it s Lord -- and it must do so.) (6. O man! Verily, you are ret urning t owards your Lord wit h your deeds and act ions, a sure ret urning, and you will meet .) (7. Then as for him who will be given his Record in his right hand,) (8. He surely will receive an easy reckoning,) (9. And will ret urn t o his family Masrur (in j oy)!) (10. But whosoever is given his Record behind his back,) (11. He will invoke dest ruct ion,) (12. And he shall ent er a blazing Fire, and made t o t ast e it s burning.) (13. Verily, he was among his people in j oy!) (14. Verily, he t hought t hat he would never ret urn!) (15. Yes! Verily, his Lord has been ever beholding him!)

Splitting the Heavens asunder and stretching the Earth forth on the Day of Resurrection Allah says,

び ∇ろボｚ ゼ ∠ ルや ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや や∠クま͡ぴ (When t he heaven is split asunder,) This refers t o t he Day of Judgement .

びゅ∠ヰよあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ∇ろル∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And list ens t o and obeys it s Lord) meaning, it list ens t o it s Lord and obeys His command t o split apart . This will occur on t he Day of Judgement .

び∇ろボｚ ェ ⊥ ∠ヱぴ (and it must do so.) meaning, it is right for it t o obey t he command of it s Lord, because it is great and cannot be rej ect ed, nor overcome. Rat her it overpowers everyt hing and everyt hing is submissive t o it . Then Allah says,

び ∇れギｚ ョ⊥ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(And when t he eart h is st ret ched fort h,) meaning, when t he eart h is expanded, spread out and ext ended. Then He says,

び ∇ろヤｚガ ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∇ろボ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And has cast out all t hat was in it and became empt y.) meaning, it t hrows out t he dead inside of it , and it empt ies it self of t hem. This was said by Muj ahid, Sa` id, and Qat adah.

び ∇ろボｚ ェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ∇ろル∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And list ens t o and obeys it s Lord, and it must do so.) The explanat ion of t his is t he same as what has preceded.

The Recompense for Deeds is True Allah says,

び⇔ゅェ∇ギミ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∀ゥ͡キゅ∠ミ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ (O man! Verily, you are ret urning t owards your Lord wit h your deeds and act ions, a sure ret urning,) meaning, ` verily you are hast ening t o your Lord and working deeds.'

び͡ヮΒ͡ボ⇒∠ヤヨ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (and you will meet .) ` Then you will meet t hat which you did of good or evil.' A proof for t his is what Abu Dawud At -Tayalisi recorded from Jabir, t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

マ ∠ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ゃセ ͡ ゅ∠ョ ∇ズハ ͡ ∩⊥ギヨｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠Α :モ ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ» ∇モヨ∠ ∇ハや∠ヱ ∩⊥ヮホ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヘョ⊥ マ ∠ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ゃセ ͡ (∇リョ∠ ) ∇ょら͡ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∀ろΒあ ョ∠ «ヮΒ͡ホゅ∠ヤョ⊥ マ ∠ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ゃセ ͡ ゅ∠ョ (Jibril said, "O Muhammad! Live how you wish, for verily you will die; love what you wish, for verily you will part wit h it ; and do what you wish, for verily you will meet it (your deed).) There are some people who refer t he pronoun back t o t he st at ement "your Lord.'' Thus, t hey hold t he Ayah t o mean, "and you will meet your Lord.'' This means t hat He will reward you for your work, and pay you for your effort s. Therefore, bot h of t hese t wo views are connect ed. Al` Awfi recorded from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said explaining,

び⇔ゅェ∇ギミ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∀ゥ͡キゅ∠ミ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ リ ⊥ ⇒ジ ∠ ル͡Ηや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ

(O man! Verily, you are ret urning t owards your Lord wit h your deeds and act ions, a sure ret urning,) "What ever deed you do, you will meet Allah wit h it , whet her it is good or bad.''

The Presentation and the Discussion that will take place during the Reckoning Then Allah says,

ょ ⊥ シ ∠ ゅ∠エΑ⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ - ヮ͡ レ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ び や⇔ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ゅ⇔よゅ∠ジェ ͡ (Then as for him who will be given his Record in his right hand, he surely, will receive an easy reckoning,) (84:7-8) meaning, easy wit hout any difficult y. This means t hat he will not be invest igat ed for all t he minut e det ails of his deeds. For verily, whoever is reckoned like t hat , he will cert ainly be dest royed. Imam Ahmad recorded from ` A'ishah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ゆあグハ ⊥ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ズ ∠ ホ͡ ヲ⊥ル ∇リョ∠ » (Whoever is int errogat ed during t he reckoning, t hen he will be punished.) ` A'ishah t hen said, "But didn't Allah say,

び や⇔ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ゅ⇔よゅ∠ジェ ͡ ょ ⊥ シ ∠ ゅ∠エΑ⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (He surely will receive an easy reckoning,)'' The Prophet replied,

∇リョ∠ ∩⊥チ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや マ ͡ ャ͡ク ∇リム͡ ⇒⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∩͡ゆゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ポ ͡ や∠ク ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠» «ゆあグハ ⊥ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ズ ∠ ホ͡ ヲ⊥ル (That is not during t o t he Reckoning, rat her it is referring t o t he present at ion. Whoever is int errogat ed during t he Reckoning on t he Day of Judgement , t hen he will be punished.) This Hadit h has also been recorded by Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Jarir. In reference t o Allah's st at ement ,

び や⇔ケヱ⊥ゲ∇ジョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ょ ⊥ ヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Αヱ∠ ぴ (And will ret urn t o his family Masrur!) This means t hat he will ret urn t o his family in Paradise. This was said by Qat adah and Ad-Dahhak. They also said, "Masrur means happy and delight ed by what Allah has given him.'' Allah said;

び ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヰニ ∠ ￢∠ へ∠ケヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (But whosoever is given his Record behind his back,) meaning, he will be given his Book in his left hand, behind his back, while his hand is bent behind him.

び や⇔ケヲ⊥らを⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (He will invoke dest ruct ion,) meaning, loss and dest ruct ion.

び や⇔ケヱ⊥ゲ∇ジョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ - や⇔ゲΒ͡バシ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇ダΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And he shall ent er a blazing Fire, and made t o t ast e it s burning. Verily, he was among his people in j oy!) meaning, happy. He did not t hink about t he consequences, nor feared what (fut ure) was in front of him. His light happiness will be followed by long grief.

び ケ∠ ヲ⊥エΑ∠ リｚャ ラ∠ぺ リ ｚニ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, he t hought t hat he would never ret urn!) meaning, he used t o believe t hat he would not ret urn t o Allah, nor would Allah bring him back (t o life) aft er his deat h. This was said by Ibn ` Abbas, Qat adah and ot hers. Allah t hen says,

び や⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ヴ∠ヤ∠よぴ (Yes! Verily, his Lord has been ever beholding him!) meaning, cert ainly Allah will repeat his creat ion j ust as he began his creat ion, and He will reward him based upon his deeds, whet her t hey were good or bad. He was ever wat chf ul of him, meaning All-Knowing and All-Aware.

ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ - ペ ∠シ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱ - ペ ͡ ヘ∠ ゼ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ - ペ ∃ ら∠デ リ∠ハ ゅ⇔ボ∠らデ ∠ リ ｚ ら⊥ ミ∠ ∇ゲわ∠ ャ∠ - ペ ∠ジ ∠ ゎｚ や や∠クま͡ Ι ∠ ラ ⊥ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ￢∠ ン͡ゲホ⊥ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ Α⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ͡ よ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ - ユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ゲゼ あ ら∠ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ヨよ͡

ラ ∃ ヲ⊥レ∇ヨョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ び (16. But no! I swear by Ash-Shafaq;) (17. And t he night and what it Wasaqa,) (18. And t he moon when it It t asaq.) (19. You shall cert ainly t ravel from st age t o st age.) (20. What is t he mat t er wit h t hem, t hat t hey believe not ) (21. And when t he Qur'an is recit ed t o t hem, t hey fall not prost rat e.) (22. Nay, t hose who disbelieve deny.) (23. And Allah knows best what t hey gat her,) (24. So, announce t o t hem a painful t orment .) (25. Save t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, for t hem is a reward t hat will never come t o an end.)

Swearing by the Various Stages of Man's Journey It has been report ed from ` Ali, Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ubadah bin As-Samit , Abu Hurayrah, Shaddad bin Aws, Ibn ` Umar, Muhammad bin ` Ali bin Al-Husayn, Makhul, Bakr bin ` Abdullah Al-Muzani, Bukayr bin Al-Ashaj , Malik, Ibn Abi Dhi'b, and ` Abdul-` Aziz bin Abi Salamah Al-Maj ishun, t hey all said, "Ash-Shafaq is t he redness (in t he sky).` Abdur-Razzaq recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat he said, "Ash-Shafaq is t he whit eness.'' So Ash-Shafaq is t he redness of t he horizon, eit her before sunset , as Muj ahid said or aft er sunset , as is well known wit h t he scholars of t he Arabic Language. Al-Khalil bin Ahmad said, "Ash-Shafaq is t he redness t hat appears from t he set t ing of sun unt il t he t ime of t he last ` Isha' (when it is complet ely dark). When t hat redness goes away, it is said, ` Ash-Shafaq has disappeared.''' Al-Jawhari said, "Ash-Shafaq is t he remaining light of t he sun and it s redness at t he beginning of t he night unt il it is close t o act ual night t ime (darkness).'' ` Ikrimah made a similar st at ement when he said, "Ash-Shafaq is t hat what is bet ween Al-Maghrib and Al-` Isha'.'' In t he Sahih of Muslim, it is recorded from ` Abdullah bin ` Amr t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ペ∠ヘゼ ｚ ャや ょ ͡ ピ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゆ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ∇ホヱ∠ » (The t ime of Al-Maghrib is as long as Ash-Shafaq has not disappeared.)'' In all of t his, t here is a proof t hat Ash-Shafaq is as Al-Jawhari and Al-Khalil have said. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan and Qat adah, all said t hat ,

び∠ペシ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and what it Wasaqa) means "What it gat hers.'' Qat adah said, "The st ars and animals it gat hers.'' ` Ikrimah said,

びペ ∠シ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱぴ (And by t he night and what it Wasaqa,) "What it drives int o due t o it s darkness, because when it is night t ime everyt hing goes t o it s home.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びペ ∠ジ ∠ ゎｚ や や∠クま͡ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ

(And by t he moon when it It t asaqa.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "When it comes t oget her and becomes complet e.'' Al-Hasan said, "When it comes t oget her and becomes full.'' Qat adah said, "When it complet es it s cycle.'' These st at ement s refer t o it s light when it is complet ed and becomes full, as t he idea was init iat ed wit h "The night and what it gat hers.'' Allah said,

びペ ∃ ら∠デ リ∠ハ ゅ⇔ボ∠らデ ∠ リ ｚ ら⊥ ミ∠ ∇ゲわ∠ ャ∠ぴ (You shall cert ainly t ravel from st age t o st age.) Al-Bukhari recorded from Muj ahid t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

びペ ∃ ら∠デ リ∠ハ ゅ⇔ボ∠らデ ∠ リ ｚ ら⊥ ミ∠ ∇ゲわ∠ ャ∠ぴ (You shall cert ainly t ravel from st age t o st age.) "St age aft er st age. Your Prophet has said t his.'' Al-Bukhari recorded t his st at ement wit h t his wording. ` Ikrimah said,

び∃ペら∠デ リ∠ハ ゅ⇔ボ∠らデ ∠ぴ (From st age t o st age.) "St age aft er st age. Weaned aft er he was breast feeding, and an old man aft er he was a young man.'' Al-Hasan Al-Basri said,

び∃ペら∠デ リ∠ハ ゅ⇔ボ∠らデ ∠ぴ (From st age t o st age.) "St age aft er st age. Ease aft er difficult y, difficult y aft er ease, wealt h aft er povert y, povert y aft er wealt h, healt h aft er sickness, and sickness aft er healt h.''

The Disapproval of Their Lack of Faith, giving Them Tidings of the Torment, and that the Ultimate Pleasure will be for the Believers Allah said,

ラ ⊥ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ￢∠ ン͡ゲホ⊥ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ (What is t he mat t er wit h t hem, t hat t hey believe not And when t he Qur'an is recit ed t o t hem, t hey fall not prost rat e.) meaning, what prevent s t hem from believing in Allah, His Messenger and t he Last Day, and what is wrong wit h t hem t hat when Allah's Ayat and His Words are recit ed t o t hem t hey do not prost rat e due t o awe, respect and reverence Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥よグあ ム∠ Α⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ͡ よ∠ ぴ

(Nay, t hose who disbelieve deny.) meaning, from t heir mannerism is rej ect ion, obst inacy, and opposit ion t o t he t rut h.

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah knows best what t hey gat her,) Muj ahid and Qat adah bot h said, "What t hey conceal in t heir chest s.''

び ユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ゲゼ あ ら∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, announce t o t hem a painful t orment .) meaning, ` inform t hem, O Muhammad, t hat Allah has prepared for t hem a painful t orment .' Then Allah says,

び͡ろ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Save t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds,) This is a clear except ion meaning, ` but t hose who believe.' This refers t o t hose who believe in t heir heart s. Then t he st at ement , "and do right eous good deeds,'' is referring t o t hat which t hey do wit h t heir limbs.

び∀ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (for t hem is a reward) meaning, in t he abode of t he Hereaft er.

び∃ラヲ⊥レ∇ヨョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ぴ (t hat will never come t o an end.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "Wit hout being decreased.'' Muj ahid and AdDahhak bot h said, "Wit hout measure.'' The result of t heir st at ement s is t hat it (t he reward) is wit hout end. This is as Allah says,

び∃クヱ⊥グ∇イョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠トハ ∠ぴ (A gift wit hout an end.) (11:108) As-Suddi said, "Some of t hem have said t hat t his means wit hout end and wit hout decrease.'' This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Inshiqaq. All praise and t hanks are due t o Allah, and He is t he giver of success and freedom from error.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Buruj (Chapter - 85) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ

(In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

- ͡キヲ⊥ハ∇ヲ∠ヨ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ - ァ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲら⊥ ∇ャや れ ͡ や∠ク ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや - キ͡ ヱ⊥ギ∇カΙ ｙやょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ モ ∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ - キ∃ ヲ⊥ヰ∇ゼョ∠ ヱ∠ ギ∃ ヰ͡ ⇒∠セヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ - ∀キヲ⊥バホ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇クま͡ - キ͡ ヲ⊥ホヲ∠ ∇ャや れ ͡ や∠ク Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨボ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ∀キヲ⊥ヰセ ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ン͡グャｚや - ギ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ - ∀ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥よヲ⊥わΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥レわ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ びペ ͡ Α͡ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ (1. By t he heaven holding t he Buruj .) (2. And by by t he Promised Day.) (3. And by t he Wit ness and by t he Wit nessed.) (4. Cursed were t he People of t he Dit ch.) (5. Of fire fed wit h fuel.) (6. When t hey sat by it .) (7. And t hey wit nessed what t hey were doing against t he believers.) (8. And t hey had no fault except t hat t hey believed in Allah, t he Almight y, Wort hy of all praise!) (9. To Whom belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h! And Allah is Wit ness over everyt hing.) (10. Verily, t hose who put int o t rial t he believing men and believing women, and t hen do not t urn in repent ance, t hen t hey will have t he t orment of Hell, and t hey will have t he punishment of t he burning Fire.)

The Interpretation of the Word Buruj Allah swears by the heaven and its Buruj. The Buruj are t he giant st ars, as Allah says,

モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ィヱ⊥ゲよ⊥ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぴ び や⇔ゲΒ͡レョぁ や⇔ゲ∠ヨホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ィや∠ゲシ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ (Blessed is He Who has placed in t he heaven Buruj , and has placed t herein a great lamp (t he sun), and a moon giving light .) (25:61) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qat adah and As-Suddi, all said, "Al-Buruj are t he st ars.'' Al-Minhal bin ` Amr said,

びァ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲら⊥ ∇ャや れ ͡ や∠ク ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ

(By t he heaven holding t he Buruj .) "The beaut iful creat ion.'' Ibn Jarir chose t he view t hat it means t he posit ions of t he sun and t he moon, which are t welve Buruj . The sun t ravels t hrough each one of t hese "Burj '' (singular of Buruj ) in one mont h. The moon t ravels t hrough each one of t hese Burj in t wo-and-a-t hird days, which makes a t ot al of t went y-eight posit ions, and it is hidden for t wo night s.

The Explanation of the Promised Day and the Witness and the Witnessed Allah says,

び キ∃ ヲ⊥ヰ∇ゼョ∠ ヱ∠ ギ∃ ヰ͡ ⇒∠セヱ∠ - キ͡ ヲ⊥ハ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (And by t he Promised Day. And by t he Wit ness, and by t he Wit nessed.) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

び キ͡ ヲ⊥ハ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ び∠ギ͡ヰ∠セ∠ヱぴ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ろよ∠ ゲ∠ ビ ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∀ザ∇ヨ∠セ ∇ろバ∠ ヤ∠デ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩͡るバ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∀る∠ハゅ∠シ ヮ͡ Β͡プヱ∠ ∩͡るバ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ∠ツ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ぶ ∠ やメ ⊥ ほ∠∇ジΑ∠ ∀ユ͡ヤ∇ジョ⊥ ∀ギ∇ら∠ハ ゅ∠ヰボ⊥ プ͡ や∠ヲΑ⊥ .ロ⊥ ク∠ ゅ∠ハぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゲ∠ セ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ グ⊥ Β͡バわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ロゅｚΑま͡ び∃キヲ⊥ヰ∇ゼョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ «る∠プ∠ゲ∠ハ ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ (And by t he Promised Day.)( This refers t o t he Day of Judgement . (And by t he Wit ness.) This refers t o Friday, and t he sun does not rise or set on a day t hat is bet t er t han Friday. During it t here is an hour t hat no Muslim servant cat ches while asking Allah from some good except t hat Allah will give it t o him. He does not seek refuge from any evil in it except t hat Allah will

prot ect him. (And by t he Wit nessed.)( This refers t o t he day of ` Arafah (in Haj j ).) Ibn Khuzaymah also recorded t he same Hadit h. It has also been recorded as a st at ement of Abu Hurayrah and it is similar (t o t his Hadit h).

The Oppression of the People of the Ditch against the Muslims Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び キ͡ ヱ⊥ギ∇カΙ ｙ やょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ モ ∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ (Cursed were (Qut ila) t he People of t he Dit ch (Ukhdud).) meaning, t he companions of t he Ukhdud were cursed. The plural of Ukhdud is Akhadid, which means dit ches in t he ground. This is informat ion about a group of people who were among t he disbelievers. They went aft er t hose among t hem who believed in Allah and t hey at t empt ed t o force t hem t o give up t heir religion. However, t he believers refused t o recant , so t hey dug a dit ch for t hem in t he ground. Then t hey lit a fire in it and prepared some fuel for it in order t o keep it ablaze. Then t hey t ried t o convince t hem (t he believers) t o apost at e from t heir religion (again), but t hey st ill refused t hem. So t hey t hrew t hem int o t he fire. Thus, Allah says,

∇クま͡ - キ͡ ヲ⊥ホヲ∠ ∇ャや れ ͡ や∠ク ケ͡ ゅｚレャや - キ͡ ヱ⊥ギ∇カΙ ｙやょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ モ ∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ - ∀キヲ⊥バホ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ び ∀キヲ⊥ヰセ ⊥ (Cursed were t he People of t he Dit ch. Of fire fed wit h fuel. When t hey sat by it . And t hey wit nessed what t hey were doing against t he believers.) meaning, t hey were wit nesses t o what was done t o t hese believers. Allah said,

ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨボ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ギ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや (And t hey had no fault except t hat t hey believed in Allah, t he Almight y, Wort hy of all praise!) meaning, t hey did not commit any sin according t o t hese people, except for t heir fait h in Allah t he Almight y, Who does not t reat unj ust ly t hose who desire t o be wit h Him. He is t he Most Might y and Most Praisewort hy in all of His st at ement s, act ions, legislat ion, and decrees. He decreed what happened t o t hese servant s of His at t he hands of t he disbelievers - and He is t he Most Might y, t he Most Praisewort hy - even t hough t he reason for t his decree is unknown t o many people. Then Allah says,

び͡チ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ

(To Whom belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h!) Among His perfect At t ribut es is t hat He is t he Owner of all of t he heavens, t he eart h, what ever is in t hem, and what ever is bet ween t hem.

び∀ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah is Wit ness over everyt hing.) meaning, not hing is concealed from Him in all of t he heavens and t he eart h, nor is anyt hing hidden from Him.

The Story of the Sorcerer, the Monk, the Boy and Those Who were forced to enter the Ditch Imam Ahmad recorded from Suhayb t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∩∀ゲェ ͡ ゅ∠シ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∠ラゅ∠ミ∠ヱ マ ∀ ヤ͡ョ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リヨ∠ Β͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ» ヶあレシ ͡ ゲ∠ ら⊥ ミ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヶあルま͡ :マ ͡ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ゲ⊥ ェ ͡ ゅｚジャや ゲ∠ ら͡ ミ∠ ∩∠ゲ∇エジ あ ャや ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤあハ ∠ ほ⊥ャ͡ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ヤビ ⊥ ヶ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ∇ノプ∠ ∇キゅ∠プ ∩ヶ͡ヤィ ∠ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ツ ∠ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤピ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∩∠ゲ∇エジ あ ャや ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤバ∠ Α⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ヤビ ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ノ∠ プ∠ ギ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヮ⊥ ら∠ イ ∠ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヤミ∠ ∇リョ͡ ノ∠ ヨ͡ ジ ∠ プ∠ ょ ͡ ワ͡ やｚゲャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ョ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ゲ∠ ェ ͡ ゅｚジャや ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ や∠クま͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮョ⊥ ゅ∠ヤミ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ッ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∨∠マジ ∠ ら∠ ェ ∠ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ や∠クま͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ⇒∠プ ょ ͡ ワ͡ やｚゲャや ヴ∠ャま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ゅ∠ムゼ ∠ プ∠ ∨∠マジ ∠ ら∠ ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ ヶ͡レジ ∠ ら∠ ェ ∠ :∇モボ⊥ プ∠ マ ∠ よ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ェ ͡ ゅｚジャや ∩⊥ゲェ ͡ ゅｚジャや ヶ͡レジ ∠ ら∠ ェ ∠ :∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ∠ポヲ⊥よ͡ゲ∇ツ∠Α ∇ラぺ∠ マ ∠ ヤ⊥∇ワぺ∠ キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ る∃ バ∠ Β͡ヌプ∠ る∃ よｚ や∠キ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ ∇クま͡ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ れ ∠ や∠ク ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Βら∠ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ラぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ろ ͡ ジ ∠ ら∠ ェ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ る∃ ヨ∠ Β͡ヌハ ∠

ヴ∠ャま͡ ょ ぁ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ょ ͡ ワ͡ やｚゲャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ .やヱ⊥コヲ⊥イ∠Α ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ⇒∠プ や⇔ゲイ ∠ェ ∠ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨͡ゲェ ͡ ゅｚジャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ぶ ͡ や ∇リョ͡ ヴ∠ッ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ょ ͡ ワ͡ やｚゲャや ゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラま͡ ∩⊥サゅｚレャや コ∠ ヲ⊥イΑ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ る∠ よｚ やｚギャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ ∇モわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プ ゲ͡ ェ ͡ ゅｚジャや ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ .サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ツョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠わ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ョケ∠ ヱ (Among t he people who came before you, t here was a king who had a sorcerer, and when t hat sorcerer became old, he said t o t he king, "I have become old and my t ime is nearly over, so please send me a boy whom I can t each magic.'' So, he sent him a boy and t he sorcerer t aught him magic. Whenever t he boy went t o t he sorcerer, he sat wit h a monk who was on t he way and list ened t o his speech and admired t hem. So, when he went t o t he sorcerer, he passed by t he monk and sat t here wit h him; and on visit ing t he sorcerer t he lat t er would t hrash him. So, t he boy complained about t his t o t he monk. The monk said t o him, "Whenever you are afraid of t he sorcerer, say t o him: ` My people kept me busy.' And whenever you are afraid of your people, say t o t hem: ` The sorcerer kept me busy.''' So t he boy carried on like t hat (for some t ime). Then a huge t errible creat ure appeared on t he road and t he people were unable t o pass by. The boy said, "Today I shall know whet her t he sorcerer is bet t er or t he monk is bet t er.'' So, he t ook a st one and said, "O Allah! If t he deeds and act ions of t he monk are liked by You bet t er t han t hose of t he sorcerer, t hen kill t his creat ure so t hat t he people can cross (t he road).'' Then he st ruck it wit h a st one killing it and t he people passed by on t he road.

モ ⊥ツ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∩ｚヶ∠レよ⊥ ∇ヵぺ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ⇒∠プ マ ∠ ャ͡グ͡よ ょ ∠ ワ͡ やｚゲャや ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇カほ∠プ∠ ∩ｚヶヤ∠ハ ∠ ｚメギ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ろ ∠ Β͡ヤわ⊥ ∇よや ラ ͡ み͡プ∠ ∩ヴ∠ヤわ∠ ∇らわ⊥ シ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヶあレョ͡ ゲ∠ も͡ ゅ∠シヱ∠ ソ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇よほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ミほ∠∇ャや ￢⊥ ン͡ゲ∇らΑ⊥ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤピ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムプ∠ ヶ ∠ ヨ͡ バ∠ プ∠ ∀ザΒ͡ヤ∠ィ マ ͡ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ヘ∇ゼΑ∠ ヱ∠ ͡￢や∠ヱ∇キ∠ほ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ マ ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヶ͡レヘ͡ ∇セや :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ ゅ∠Αや∠ギヰ∠ よ͡ ロ⊥ ゅ∠ゎほ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ノ∠ ヨ͡ ジ ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡ヘ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∩や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヶ͡ヘ∇セぺ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ョ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ⇒∠プ ∩⊥ノヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ゅ∠レヰ⊥ ワ ∩∠ポゅ∠ヘゼ ∠ プ∠ ぶ ∠ やれ ⊥ ∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ろ ∠ ∇レョ∠ へ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩ｚモィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や .ロ⊥ ゅ∠ヘゼ ∠ プ∠ ぶ ∠ や ゅ∠ハギ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ べ∠プ

The boy came t o t he monk and informed him about it . The monk said t o him, "O my son! Today you are bet t er t han I, and you have achieved what I see! You will be put t o t rial. And in case you are put t o t rial, do not inform (t hem) about me.'' The boy used t o t reat t he people suffering from congenit al blindness, leprosy, and ot her diseases. There was a court ier of t he king who had become blind and he heard about t he boy. He came and brought a number of gift s for t he boy and said, "All t hese gift s are for you on t he condit ion t hat you cure me.'' The boy said, "I do not cure anybody; it is only Allah who cures people. So, if you believe in Allah and supplicat e t o Him, He will cure you.'' So, he believed in and supplicat ed t o Allah, and Allah cured him.

メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ザ ⊥ ヤ͡∇イΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ヲ∠ ∇エル∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ザ ∠ ヤ∠イ ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ⇒∠プ ∨∠ポゲ∠ ダ ∠ よ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ キｚ ケ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∩⊥ラゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ゅ∠Α :マ ⊥ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩⊥ぶや マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ∩ゅ∠ャ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨ゅ∠ルぺ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ⇒∠プ .ヶあよケ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∩⊥ぶや マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨ヵ͡ゲ∇Βビ ∠ ゆ ｘ ケ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ プ∠ ∩͡ュゅヤ∠ピ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ｚ キ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ あグバ∠ Α⊥ ∇メゴ∠ Α∠ ヮ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ミほ∠∇ャや ￢∠ ン͡ゲ∇らゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エシ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ｚヶレ∠ よ⊥ ∇ヵぺ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ⇒∠プ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヶ͡ヘ∇セぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ￢∠ や∠ヱ∇キほ∠∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ヱ ソ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇よほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ .ゅ∠ャ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨ゅ∠ルぺ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩ｚモィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヶ͡ヘ∇ゼΑ∠ ロ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∩⊥ぶや マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヶあよケ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨ヵ͡ゲ∇Βビ ∠ ゆ ｘ ケ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ ょ ͡ ワ͡ やｚゲャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ｚ キ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇メゴ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ⇔ツ∇Αぺ∠ ∩ヴ∠よほ∠プ∠ マ ∠ レ͡ Α͡キ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ノィ ͡ ∇ケや :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ょ ͡ ワ͡ やｚゲャゅ͡よ ヶ ∠ ゎ͡ ほ⊥プ∠ ∩⊥ロゅｚボセ ͡ ノ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ヮ͡ シ ͡ ∇ぺケ∠ ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘョ∠ ヶ͡プ ケ∠ ゅ∠ゼ∇レヨ͡ ∇ャや ノ∠ ッ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ノ∠ ッ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ∩ヴ∠よほ∠プ∠ ∩∠マレ͡ Α͡キ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ノィ ͡ ∇ケや :ヴ∠ヨ∇ハほ∠∇ヤャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ ゅｚボセ ͡ ノ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ヮ͡ シ ͡ ∇ぺケ∠ ベ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘョ∠ ヶ͡プ ケ∠ ゅ∠ゼ∇レヨ͡ ∇ャや ∩ヴ∠よほ∠プ∠ ∩∠マレ͡ Α͡キ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ノィ ͡ ∇ケや :ュゅ∠ヤピ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ .チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや

や∠クま͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ や∠グミ∠ ヱ∠ や∠グミ∠ モ ͡ ら∠ ィ ∠ ヴャ͡ま ゲ∃ ヘ∠ ル∠ ノ∠ ョ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ロヲ⊥ワギ͡ ∇ワギ∠ プ∠ ゅｚャ͡ま∠ヱ ヮ͡ レ͡ Α͡キ ∇リハ ∠ ノ∠ ィ ∠ ケ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ケク⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ピヤ∠よ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡レヘ͡ ∇ミや ｚユヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ モ ∠ ら∠ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ や∇ヲヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ やヲ⊥らワ∠ グ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ラヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ やヲ⊥ワギ͡ ∇ワギ⊥ プ∠ モ ⊥ ら∠ イ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ブ ∠ ィ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ろ∇ゃセ ͡ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ マ ͡ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ザ ⊥ ヨｚ ヤ∠わ∠ Α∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤピ⊥ ∇ャや ￢∠ ゅ∠ィヱ∠ ∩ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ Β͡ルゅ∠ヘミ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∨∠マよ⊥ ゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇イイ ∠ ャ∠ や∠クま͡ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ケ∃ ヲ⊥ホ∇ゲホ⊥ ヶ͡プ ゲ∃ ヘ∠ ル∠ ノ∠ ョ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ プ∠ ヶ͡プ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ホゲあ ピ∠ プ∠ ゅｚャ͡ま∠ヱ ∩͡ヮレ͡ Α͡キ ∇リハ ∠ ノ∠ ィ ∠ ケ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ゲ∠ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや :ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤピ⊥ ∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ⇒∠プ ゲ∠ ∇エら∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ やヲ⊥イイ ｚ ヤ∠プ∠ ∩͡ゲ∇エら∠ ∇ャや .ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ やヲ⊥ホゲ͡ ピ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ろ∇ゃセ ͡ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡レヘ͡ ∇ミや Lat er, t he court ier came t o t he king and sat at t he place where he used t o sit before. The king said, "Who gave you back your sight '' The court ier replied, "My Lord.'' The king t hen said, "I did'' The court ier said, "No, my Lord and your Lord - Allah'' The king said, "Do you have anot her Lord beside me'' The court ier said, "Yes, your Lord and my Lord is Allah.'' The king t ort ured him and did not st op unt il he t old him about t he boy. So, t he boy was brought t o t he king and he said t o him, "O boy! Has your magic reached t o t he ext ent t hat you cure congenit al blindness, leprosy and ot her diseases'' He said, "I do not cure anyone. Only Allah can cure.'' The king said, "Me'' The boy replied, "No.'' The king asked, "Do you have anot her Lord besides me'' The boy answered, "My Lord and your Lord is Allah.'' So, he t ort ured him also unt il he t old about t he monk. Then t he monk was brought t o him and t he king said t o him, "Abandon your religion.'' The monk refused and so t he king ordered a saw t o be brought which was placed in t he middle of his head and he fell, sawn in t wo. Then it was said t o t he man who used t o be blind, "Abandon your religion.'' He refused t o do so, and so a saw was brought and placed in t he middle of his head and he fell, sawn in t wo. Then t he boy was brought and it was said t o him, "Abandon your religion.'' He refused and so t he king sent him t o t he t op of such and such mount ain wit h some people. He t old t he people, "Ascend up t he mount ain wit h him t ill you reach it s peak, t hen see if he abandons his religion; ot herwise t hrow him from t he t op.'' They t ook him and when t hey ascended t o t he t op, he said, "O Allah! Save me from t hem by any means t hat You wish.'' So, t he mount ain shook and t hey all fell down and t he boy came back walking t o t he king. The king said, "What did your companions (t he people I sent wit h you) do'' The boy said, "Allah saved me from t hem.'' So, t he king ordered some people t o t ake t he boy on a boat t o t he middle of t he sea, saying, "If he renounces his religion (well and good), but if he refuses, drown him.'' So, t hey t ook him out t o sea and he said, "O Allah! Save me from t hem by any means t hat you wish.'' So t hey were all drowned in t he sea.

ゅ∠ョ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ⇒∠プ マ ͡ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤピ⊥ ∇ャや ￢∠ ゅ∠ィヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ｚユを⊥ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ヰ͡ Β͡ルゅ∠ヘミ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∨∠マよ⊥ ゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ へ ゅ∠ョ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ヶヤ͡ゎゅ∠ボよ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ジャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ :マ ͡ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ゅャ∠ マ ∠ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ゅｚャ͡ま∠ヱ ∩ヶ͡レわ∠ ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ へ ゅ∠ョ ろ ∠ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イゎ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨∠ヲワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩ヶ͡ヤ∇わホ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ヱ∠ ネ∇グィ ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヶ͡レら⊥ ヤ⊥∇ダゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ギ∃ ェ ͡ や∠ヱ ギ∃ Β͡バタ ∠ ヶ͡プ .ュ͡ ゅ∠ヤピ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ ぶ ͡ や ユ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ :∇モホ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩ヶ͡わル∠ ゅ∠レミ͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヰ∠シ ユ∠ ∇ヰジ ｚ ャや ノ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ .ヶ⇒͡レわ∠ ∇ヤわ∠ ⇒∠ホ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ろ ∠ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ や∠クま͡ マ ∠ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ぶ ͡ や ユ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠ョケ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ シ ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ギ͡ ら͡ ミ∠ ヶ͡プ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤピ⊥ ∇ャや ノ∠ ッ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ヮ͡ビ∇ギタ ⊥ ヶ͡プ ユ⊥ ∇ヰｚジャや ノ∠ ホ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ュゅ∠ヤピ⊥ ∇ャや :サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ⇒∠プ ∩∠れゅ∠ョヱ∠ ユ∇ヰジ ｚ ャや ノ͡ッ∇ヲョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ Α∠ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ョ ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ :マ ͡ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ モ ∠ Β͡ボプ∠ .ュゅ∠ヤピ⊥ ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ へ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ヤぁミ⊥ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ∠ へ ∇ギホ∠ ∩∠マよ͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ ぶ ͡ や∠ヱ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∨⊥ケグ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡キゅ∠カほ∠∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇れギｚ ガ ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡マム∠ ジ あ ャや ロ͡ や∠ヲ∇プほ∠よ͡ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ノ∠ ィ ∠ ケ∠ ∇リョ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∩⊥ラや∠ゲΒあレャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ろョ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ッぺ⊥ヱ∠ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムプ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨエ ͡ ∇ホほ∠プ∠ ゅｚャ͡ま∠ヱ ∩⊥ロヲ⊥ハギ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ レ͡ Α͡キ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ リ ∃ ∇よゅよ ∀り∠ぺゲ∇ョや れ ͡ ￢∠ ゅ∠イプ∠ ∩∠ラヲ⊥バプ∠ や∠ギわ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱぁキゅ∠バわ∠ Α∠

メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ⇒∠プ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ノ∠ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ろジ ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ほ∠ム∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮバ⊥ ͡ッ∇ゲゎ⊥ «ペ∠エ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ͡ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ∇ロゅｚョぺ⊥ ゅ∠Α ヵ͡ゲ͡ら∇タや :ヶ ぁ ら͡ ダ ｚ ャや Then t he boy ret urned t o t he king and t he king said, "What did your companions do'' The boy replied, "Allah, saved me from t hem.'' Then he said t o t he king, "You will not be able t o kill me unt il you do as I order you. And if you do as I order you, you will be able t o kill me.'' The king asked, "And what is t hat '' The boy said, "Gat her t he people in one elevat ed place and t ie me t o t he t runk of a t ree; t hen t ake an arrow from my quiver and say: ` In t he Name of Allah, t he Lord of t he boy.' If you do t his, you will be able t o kill me.'' So he did t his, and placing an arrow in t he bow, he shot it , saying, "In t he Name of Allah, t he Lord of t he boy.'' The arrow hit t he boy in t he t emple, and t he boy placed his hand over t he arrow wound and died. The people proclaimed, "We believe in t he Lord of t he boy!'' Then it was said t o t he king, "Do you see what has happened That which you feared has t aken place. By Allah, all t he people have believed (in t he Lord of t he boy).'' So he ordered t hat dit ches be dug at t he ent rances t o t he roads and it was done, and fires were kindled in t hem. Then t he king said, "Whoever abandons his religion, let him go, and whoever does not , t hrow him int o t he fire.'' They were st ruggling and scuffling in t he fire, unt il a woman and her baby whom she was breast feeding came and it was as if she was being somewhat hesit ant of falling int o t he fire, so her baby said t o her, "Be pat ient mot her! For verily, you are following t he t rut h!'') Muslim also recorded t his Hadit h at t he end of t he Sahih. Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar relat ed t his st ory in his book of Sirah in anot her way t hat has some differences from t hat which has j ust been relat ed. Then, aft er Ibn Ishaq explained t hat t he people of Naj ran began following t he religion of t he boy aft er his murder, which was t he religion of Christ ianit y, he said, "Then (t he king) Dhu Nuwas came t o t hem wit h his army and called t hem t o Judaism. He gave t hem a choice t o eit her accept Judaism or be killed, so t hey chose deat h. Thus, he had a dit ch dug and burned (some of t hem) in t he fire (in t he dit ch), while ot hers he killed wit h t he sword. He made an example of t hem (by slaught ering t hem) unt il he had killed almost t went y t housand of t hem. It was about Dhu Nuwas and his army t hat Allah revealed t o His Messenger :

∇クま͡ - キ͡ ヲ⊥ホヲ∠ ∇ャや れ ͡ や∠ク ケ͡ ゅｚレャや - キ͡ ヱ⊥ギ∇カΙ ｙやょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ モ ∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ - ∀キヲ⊥バホ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨボ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ∀キヲ⊥ヰセ ⊥ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや マ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ン͡グャｚや - ギ͡ Β͡ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや び ∀ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ (Cursed were t he People of t he Dit ch. Of fire fed wit h fuel. When t hey sat by it . And t hey wit nessed what t hey were doing against t he believers. And t hey had no fault except t hat t hey believed in Allah, t he Almight y, Wort hy of all praise! To Whom belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h! And Allah is Wit ness over everyt hing.) (85:4-9)'' This is what Muhammad bin Ishaq said in his book of Sirah -- t hat t he one who killed t he People of t he Dit ch was Dhu Nuwas, and his name was Zur` ah. In t he t ime of his kingdom he was called Yusuf. He was t he son of Tuban As` ad Abi Karib, who was t he Tubba` who invaded Al-Madinah and put t he

covering over t he Ka` bah. He kept t wo rabbis wit h him from t he Jews of Al-Madinah. Aft er t his some of t he people of Yemen accept ed Judaism at t he hands of t hese t wo rabbis, as Ibn Ishaq ment ions at lengt h. So Dhu Nuwas killed t went y t housand people in one morning in t he Dit ch. Only one man among t hem escaped. He was known as Daws Dhu Tha` laban. He escaped on a horse and t hey set out aft er him, but t hey were unable t o cat ch him. He went t o Caesar, t he emperor of Ash-Sham. So, Caesar wrot e t o An-Naj ashi, t he King of Abyssinia. So, he sent wit h him an army of Abyssinian Christ ians, who were lead by Aryat and Abrahah. They rescued Yemen from t he hands of t he Jews. Dhu Nuwas t ried t o flee but event ually fell int o t he sea and drowned. Aft er t his, t he kingdom of Abyssinia remained under Christ ian power for sevent y years. Then t he power was divest ed from t he Christ ians by Sayf bin Dhi Yazin Al-Himyari when Kisra, t he king of Persia sent an army t here (t o Yemen). He (t he king) sent wit h him (Sayf AlHimyari) t hose people who were in t he prisons, and t hey were close t o seven hundred in number. So, he (Sayf Al-Himyari) conquered Yemen wit h t hem and ret urned t he kingdom back t o t he people of Himyar (Yemenis). We will ment ion a port ion of t his -- if Allah wills -- when we discuss t he Tafsir of t he Surah:

びモ ͡ Β͡ヘ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Have you not seen how your Lord dealt wit h t he Owners of t he Elephant ) (105:1)

The Punishment of the People of the Ditch Allah said,

び͡ろ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥レわ∠ プ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hose who put int o t rial t he believing men and believing women,) meaning, t hey burned (t hem). This was said by Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, and Ibn Abza.

び∇やヲ⊥よヲ⊥わΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (and t hen do not t urn in repent ance,) meaning, ` t hey do not cease from what t hey are doing, and do not regret what t hey had done before.'

び͡ペΑ͡ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (t hen t hey will have t he t orment of Hell, and t hey will have t he punishment of t he burning Fire.) This is because t he recompense is based upon t he t ype of deed performed. Al-Hasan AlBasri said, "Look at t his generosit y and kindness. These people killed Allah's Awliya' and He st ill invit es t hem t o make repent ance and seek forgiveness.''

∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ゲ⊥ Β͡ら∠ム∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠

ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ - ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ ン͡ギ∇らΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ - ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠ゼ∠ャ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ズ ∠ ∇トよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ∀メゅｚバ∠プ - ギ⊥ Β͡イヨ∠ ∇ャや ス ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ヱ⊥ク - キ⊥ ヱ⊥キヲ∠ ∇ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ - キ͡ ヲ⊥レイ ⊥ ∇ャや ゑ ⊥ Α͡ギェ ∠ ポ ∠ ゅ∠ゎぺ∠ モ ⊥ ワ∠ - ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ - ∃ょΑ͡グ∇ム∠ゎ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Αグ͡ ャｚや モ ͡ よ∠ ド ∃ ヲ⊥ヘ∇エョｚ ゥ ∃ ∇ヲャ∠ ヴ͡プ - ∀ギΒ͡イョｚ ∀ラや∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ - ∀テΒ͡エョぁ び (11. Verily, t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, for t hem will be Gardens under which rivers flow. That is t he supreme success.) (12. Verily, t he punishment of your Lord is severe and painful.) (13. Verily, He it is Who begins and repeat s.) (14. And He is Oft -Forgiving, Al-Wadud.) (15. Owner of t he Throne, Al-Maj id (t he Glorious).) (16. Doer of what He int ends.) (17. Has t he st ory reached you of t he host s.) (18. Of Fir` awn and Thamud) (19. Nay! The disbelievers (persist ed) in denying.) (20. And Allah encompasses t hem from behind!) (21. Nay! This is a Glorious Qur'an,) (22. In Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz!)

The Reward of the Righteous, and the Harsh Seizing of the Disbelieving Enemies of Allah Allah informs about His believing servant s t hat

び⊥ゲ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΕ ∠ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ぴ (for t hem will be Gardens under which rivers flow.) This is t he opposit e of what he has prepared for His enemies of Fire and Hell. Thus, He says,

び⊥ゲΒ͡らム∠ ∇ャや コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ (That is t he supreme success.) Then Allah says,

び ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠ゼ∠ャ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ズ ∠ ∇トよ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t he punishment of your Lord is severe and painful.) meaning, indeed His punishment and His vengeance upon His enemies, who have rej ect ed His Messengers, and opposed His command, is severe, great and st rong. For verily, He is t he Owner of power, Most St rong. He is t he One t hat what ever He want s, t hen it will be however He want s it t o be, in t he mat t er of a blinking of an eye, or even swift er. Thus, Allah says,

び ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ ン͡ギ∇らΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, He it is Who begins and repeat s.) meaning, from His perfect st rengt h and power is t hat He begins t he creat ion, and He repeat s it j ust as He began it , wit hout opposit ion or resist ance.

び キ⊥ ヱ⊥キヲ∠ ∇ャや ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He is Oft -Forgiving, Al-Wadud.) meaning, He forgives t he sin of whoever repent s t o Him and humbles himself before Him, no mat t er what t he sin may be. Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers have said about t he name Al-Wadud, "It means Al-Habib (t he Loving).''

び͡ス∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャや ヱ⊥クぴ (Owner of t he Throne,) meaning, t he Owner of t he Might y Throne t hat is above all of t he creat ion. Then He says,

び͡ギΒ͡イヨ∠ ∇ャやぴ (Al-Maj id (t he Glorious).) This word has been recit ed in t wo different ways: eit her wit h a Dhammah over it s last let t er (Al-Maj idu), which is an at t ribut e of t he Lord, or wit h a Kasrah under it s last let t er (Al-Maj id), which is a descript ion of t he Throne. Nevert heless, bot h meanings are correct .

び ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨャあ ∀メゅｚバ∠プぴ (Doer of what He int ends.) meaning, what ever He want s He does it , and t here is no one who can count er His ruling. He is not asked about what He does due t o His great ness, His power, His wisdom and His j ust ice. This is as we have relat ed previously from Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, t hat it was said t o him during t he illness of (his) deat h, "Has a doct or seen you'' He replied, "Yes.'' They said, "What did he say t o you'' He replied, "He said, ` I am t he Doer of what ever I int end.''' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ - キ͡ ヲ⊥レイ ⊥ ∇ャや ゑ ⊥ Α͡ギェ ∠ ポ ∠ ゅ∠ゎぺ∠ モ ⊥ ワ∠ ぴ (Has t he st ory reached you of t he host s. Of Fir` awn and Thamud) meaning, has t he news reached you of what Allah caused t o befall t hem of t orment , and t hat He sent down upon t hem t he punishment t hat no one was able t o ward off from t hem This is t he affirmat ion of His st at ement ,

び ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠ゼ∠ャ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ズ ∠ ∇トよ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ

(Verily, t he punishment of your Lord is severe and painful.) meaning, when He seizes t he wrongdoer, He seizes him wit h a severe and painful punishment . It is t he seizing punishment of One Most Might y, and Most Powerful. Then Allah says,

び ∃ょΑ͡グ∇ム∠ゎ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや モ ͡ よ∠ ぴ (Nay! The disbelievers (persist ed) in denying.) meaning, t hey are in doubt , suspicion, disbelief and rebellion.

び ∀テΒ͡エョぁ ∇ユヰ͡ も͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ (And Allah encompasses t hem from behind!) meaning, He has power over t hem, and is able t o compel t hem. They cannot escape Him or evade Him.

び ∀ギΒ͡イョｚ ∀ラや∠￢∇ゲホ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Nay! This is a Glorious Qur'an.) meaning, magnificent and noble.

びド ∃ ヲ⊥ヘ∇エョｚ ゥ ∃ ∇ヲャ∠ ヴ͡プぴ (In Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz!) meaning, among t he most high gat hering, guarded from any increase, decrease, dist ort ion, or change. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Buruj , and all praise and blessings are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat At-Tariq (Chapter - 86) Which was revealed in Makkah The Virtues of Surat At-Tariq An-Nasa'i recorded t hat Jabir said, "Mu` adh lead t he Maghrib prayer and he recit ed Al-Baqarah and An-Nisa'. So t he Prophet said,

ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ マ ∠ Β͡ヘ∇ムΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ ∩⊥クゅ∠バョ⊥ ゅ∠Α ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∀ラゅｚわ∠プ∠ぺ» ゅ∠ワゅ∠エッ ⊥ ヱ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ベ ͡ ケ͡ ゅｚトャや∠ヱ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャゅ͡よ «∨ゅ∠ワヲ͡ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ (Are you put t ing t he people t o t rial O Mu` adh! Was it not sufficient for you t o recit e As-Sama'i wat -Tariq, and Ash-Shamsi wa Duhaha, and somet hing like t hem)

ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

-ベ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚトャや ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ -ベ ͡ ケ͡ ゅｚトャや∠ヱ ￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ -∀ナ͡プゅ∠ェ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅｚヨャｚ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ラ͡ま -ょ ⊥ ホ͡ ゅｚんャや ユ⊥ ∇イｚレャや -ペ ∃ プ͡ や∠キ ￢べｚョ リ͡ョ ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ -ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ ユｚ ョ͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゲ͡ ヌ ⊥ レ∠Β∇ヤプ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ -͡ょ͡もへ∠ゲわｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ∇ヤダ ぁ ャや リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ り∃ ヲｚ ホ⊥ リ͡ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ -ゲ⊥ も͡ へ∠ゲジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤ∇らゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ -∀ケ͡キゅ∠ボ∠ャ ヮ͡ バ͡ ∇ィケ∠ び-ゲ∃ タ ͡ ゅ∠ル Ι ∠ ヱ∠ (1. By t he heaven, and At -Tariq;) (2. And what will make you t o know what At -Tariq is) (3. The st ar, At h-Thaqib.) (4. There is no human being but has a prot ect or over him.) (5. So, let man see from what he is creat ed!) (6. He is creat ed from a wat er gushing fort h,) (7. Proceeding from bet ween t he backbone and t he ribs.) (8. Verily, He is Able t o bring him back!) (9. The Day when all t he secret s will be examined.) (10. Then he will have no power, nor any helper.)

Swearing by the Existence of Humanity surrounded by the Organized System of Allah Allah swears by t he heaven and what He has placed in it of radiant st ars. Thus, He says,

びベ ͡ ケ͡ ゅｚトャや∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (By t he heaven, and At -Tariq;) Then He says,

びベ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚトャや ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And what will make you t o know what At -Tariq is) Then He explains it by His saying,

びょ ⊥ ホ͡ ゅｚんャや ユ⊥ ∇イレｚ ャやぴ (The st ar of At h-Thaqib.) Qat adah and ot hers have said, "The st ar has been named Tariq because it is only seen at night and it is hidden during t he day.'' His view is support ed by what

has been ment ioned in t he aut hent ic Hadit h t hat prohibit s a man t o come t o his family Taruq. This means t hat he comes t o t hem unexpect edly at night t ime. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ょ͡ホゅｚんャやぴ (At h-Thaqib.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "The illuminat ing.'' ` Ikrimah said, "It is illuminat ing and it burns t he Shayt an'' Then Allah says,

び ∀ナ͡プゅ∠ェ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅｚヨャｚ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ラ͡まぴ (There is no human being but has a prot ect or over him.) meaning, every soul has a guardian over it from Allah t hat prot ect s it from t he calamit ies. This is as Allah says,

ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヌヘ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リあョ ∀ろ⇒∠らボあ バ∠ ョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ (For Him, t here are angels in succession, before and behind him. They guard him by t he command of Allah.) (13:11)

How Man is created is a Proof of Allah's Ability to Return Him to Him Allah says,

びペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ ユｚ ョ͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゲ͡ ヌ ⊥ レ∠Β∇ヤプ∠ ぴ (So, let man see from what he is creat ed!) This is alert ing man t o t he weakness of his origin from which he was creat ed. The int ent of it is t o guide man t o accept (t he realit y of) t he Hereaft er, because whoever is able t o begin t he creat ion t hen he is also able t o repeat it in t he same way. This is as Allah says,

ラ ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ペ ∠ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ぺ⊥ギ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (And He it is Who originat es t he creat ion, t hen He will repeat it ; and t his is easier for Him.) (30:27) Then Allah says,

びペ ∃ プ͡ や∠キ ￢∃ べｚョ リ͡ョ ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ぴ

(He is creat ed from a wat er gushing fort h.) meaning, t he sexual fluid t hat comes out burst ing fort h from t he man and t he woman. Thus, t he child is produced from bot h of t hem by t he permission of Allah. Due t o t his Allah says,

びょ ͡ も͡ へ∠ゲわｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ∇ヤダ ぁ ャや リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ぴ (Proceeding from bet ween t he backbone and t he ribs.) meaning, t he backbone (or loins) of t he man and t he ribs of t he woman, which is referring t o her chest . Shabib bin Bishr report ed from ` Ikrimah who narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said,

びょ ͡ も͡ へ∠ゲわｚ ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ∇ヤダ ぁ ャや リ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ぴ (Proceeding from bet ween t he backbone and t he ribs.) "The backbone of t he man and t he ribs of t he woman. It (t he fluid) is yellow and fine in t ext ure. The child will not be born except from bot h of t hem (i.e., t heir sexual fluids).'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ∀ケ͡キゅ∠ボ∠ャ ヮ͡ バ͡ ∇ィケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, He is Able t o bring him back (t o life)!) This means t hat He is able t o ret urn t his man t hat is creat ed from fluid gushed fort h. In ot her words, He is able t o repeat his creat ion and resurrect him t o t he final abode. This is clearly possible, because whoever is able t o begin t he creat ion t hen he surely is able t o repeat it . Indeed Allah has ment ioned t his proof in more t han one place in t he Qur'an.

On the Day of Judgement, Man will have no Power or Assistance In t his regard Allah says,

び ゲ⊥ も͡ へ∠ゲジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ヤ∇らゎ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (The Day when all t he secret s will be examined.) meaning, on t he Day of Judgement t he secret s will be t est ed. This means t hat t hey will be exposed and made manifest . Thus, t he secret will be made open and t hat which is concealed will be well known. It is confirmed in t he Two Sahihs on t he aut horit y of Ibn ` Umar t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ロ͡ グ͡ ワ :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ヮ͡ わ͡ ∇シや ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ∀￢や∠ヲ͡ャ ケ∃ キ͡ ゅ∠ビ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ノ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ » «ラゅ∠ヤプ⊥ リ ͡ ∇よ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヤプ⊥ り⊥ ケ∠ ∇ギビ ∠ (Every bet rayer will have a flag raised for him behind his back, and it will be said, ` This is t he bet rayal of so-and-so, t he son of so-and-so.') Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ヮャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (Then he will have no) meaning, man on t he Day of Judgement .

び∃りヲｚ ホ⊥ リ͡ョぴ (any power) meaning, wit hin himself.

び∃ゲタ ͡ ゅ∠ル Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (nor any helper.) meaning, from ot her t han himself. This st at ement means t hat he will not be able t o save himself from t he t orment of Allah, and nor will anyone else be able t o save him.

ネ ͡ ∇ギダ ｚ ャや れ ͡ や∠ク チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ∂ や∠ヱ - ノ͡ ∇ィゲｚ ャや れ ͡ や∠ク ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ - メ ͡ ∇ゴヰ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヲ∠ ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ∀モ∇ダ∠プ メ ∀ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや モ ͡ ヰあ ヨ∠ プ∠ - や⇔ギ∇Βミ∠ ギ⊥ Β͡ミぺ∠ヱ∠ - や⇔ギ∇Βミ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΒ͡ムΑ∠ び や⇔ギ∇Αヱ∠ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヤヰ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ (11. By t he sky which gives rain, again and again.) (12. And t he eart h which split s.) (13. Verily, t his is t he Word t hat separat es.) (14. And it is not a t hing for amusement .) (15. Verily, t hey are but plot t ing a plot .) (16. And I am planning a plan.) (17. So, give a respit e t o t he disbelievers; deal gent ly wit h t hem for a while.)

Swearing to the Truthfulness of the Qur'an and the Failure of Those Who oppose it Ibn ` Abbas said, "Ar-raj ` means rain.'' It has also been narrat ed from him t hat he said, "It means t he clouds t hat cont ain rain.'' He also said,

び ノ͡ ∇ィゲｚ ャや れ ͡ や∠ク ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (By t he sky (having rain clouds) which gives rain, again and again.) "This means t hat it rains and t hen it rains (again).'' Qat adah said, "It ret urns t he sust enance of t he servant s (creat ures) every year. Were it not for t his, t hey would all be dest royed and so would t heir cat t le.''

びネ ͡ ∇ギダ ｚ ャや れ ͡ や∠ク チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ∂ や∠ヱぴ

(And t he eart h which split s.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "Split t ing t o bring fort h plant growt hs.'' This was also said by Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Ikrimah, Abu Malik, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, As-Suddi and ot hers. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ∀モ∇ダ∠プ メ ∀ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (Verily, t his is t he Word t hat separat es.) Ibn ` Abbas said (Fasl is), "True.'' Qat adah also said t he same. Someone else said, "A j ust ruling.''

びメ ͡ ∇ゴヰ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヲ∠ ワ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And it is not a t hing for amusement .) meaning, rat her it is serious and t rue. Then Allah informs about t he disbelievers saying t hat t hey rej ect Him and hinder ot hers from His pat h. Allah says,

び や⇔ギ∇Βミ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΒ͡ムΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t hey are but plot t ing a plot .) meaning, t hey plot against t he people in t heir calling t hem t o oppose t he Qur'an. Then Allah says,

び∠リΑ͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや モ ͡ ヰあ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, give a respit e t o t he disbelievers;) meaning, wait for t hem and do not be in hast e concerning t hem.

び⇔やギ∇Αヱ∠ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヤヰ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ぴ (deal gent ly wit h t hem for a while.) meaning, a lit t le while. This means t hat you will see what befalls t hem of t orment , punishment and dest ruct ion. This is as Allah says,

びナ ∃ Β͡ヤビ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲぁ ト ∠ ∇ツル∠ ｚユを⊥ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ あわヨ∠ ル⊥ ぴ (We let t hem enj oy for a lit t le while, t hen in t he end We shall oblige t hem t o (ent er) a great t orment .) (31:24) This is t he end of t he Tafsir Surat At -Tariq, and unt o Allah is all praise and t hanks.

The Tafsir of Surah Sabbih (Chapter - 87) Which was revealed in Makkah The Virtues of Surat Al-A` la

This Surah was revealed in Makkah before t he migrat ion t o Al-Madinah. The proof of t his is what Al-Bukhari recorded from Al-Bara' bin ` Azib, t hat he said, "The first people t o come t o us (in Al-Madinah) from t he Companions of t he Prophet were Mus` ab bin ` Umayr and Ibn Umm Makt um, who t aught us t he Qur'an; t hen ` Ammar, Bilal and Sa` d came. Then ` Umar bin AlKhat t ab came wit h a group of t went y people, aft er which t he Prophet came. I have not seen t he people of Al-Madinah happier wit h anyt hing more t han t heir happiness wit h his coming (t o Al-Madinah). This was reached t o such an ext ent t hat I saw t he children and lit t le ones saying, ` This is t he Messenger of Allah who has come.' Thus, he came, but he did not come unt il aft er I had already recit ed (i.e., learned how t o recit e)

び ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ∂ やマ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ∠ ∇シや ウ ͡ らあ シ ∠ぴ (Glorify t he Name of your Lord, t he Most High.) (87:1) as well as ot her Surahs similar t o it .'' It has been confirmed in t he Two Sahihs t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t o Mu` adh,

⇒⇒͡よ ろ ∠ ∇Βヤｚタ ∠ ゅヤｚワ∠ » び ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ∂ やマ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ∠ ∇シや ウ ͡ らあ シ ∠ぴ び ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠エッ ⊥ ヱ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ «び ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱぴ (Why didn't you recit e "Glorify t he Name of your Lord, t he Most High,''; "By t he sun and it s bright ness,'' and "By t he night when it envelopes.'') Imam Ahmad recorded from An-Nu` man bin Bashir t hat t he Messenger of Allah recit ed

び ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ∂ やマ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ∠ ∇シや ウ ͡ らあ シ ∠ぴ ヱ

び る͡ Β∠ ゼ ͡ ⇒∠ピ∇ャや ゑ ⊥ Α͡ギェ ∠ ポ ∠ ゅ∠ゎぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ ぴ Surat Al-A` la (chapt er 87) and Surat Al-Ghashiyh (chapt er 88) in t he t wo ` Id prayers. If t he ` Id prayer fell on Friday, he would recit e t hem in bot h prayers (` Id and Salat Al-Jumu` ah). Muslim also recorded t his in his Sahih, as well as Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah. The wording of Muslim and t he Sunan compilers says, "He used t o recit e

び ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ∂ やマ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ∠ ∇シや ウ ͡ らあ シ ∠ぴ ヱ

び る͡ Β∠ ゼ ͡ ⇒∠ピ∇ャや ゑ ⊥ Α͡ギェ ∠ ポ ∠ ゅ∠ゎぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ ぴ Surat Al-A` la (chapt er 87) and Surat Al-Ghashiyh (chapt er 88) for t he t wo ` Ids and Jumu` ah. If t hey occurred on t he same day, he would recit e t hem in bot h of t hem.'' In his Musnad, Imam Ahmad recorded on t he aut horit y of Ubayy bin Ka` b, Abdullah bin ` Abbas, ` Abdur-Rahman bin Abza, and t he Mot her of t he believers, ` A'ishah, t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o recit e

び ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ∂ やマ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ∠ ∇シや ウ ͡ らあ シ ∠ぴ ヱ

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヱ

び ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Glorify t he Name of your Lord, t he Most High.) and (Say: ` O you who disbelieve.') and (Say: ` He is Allah, t he One.') ` A'ishah added in her version t hat he would also recit e t he Mu` awwidhat ayn (Al-Falaq and An-Nas).

ユΒ͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

-ンｚヲジ ∠ プ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや -ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ∠や マ ∠ よ∂ ケ∠ ユ∠ ∇シや ウ ͡ らあ シ ∠ぴ -ヴ∠ハ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱ -ン∠ギヰ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ -ヴ∠ジレ∠ゎ Κ ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ も⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ボレ⊥ シ ∠ -ン∠ヲ∇ェぺ∠ ￢べ∠んビ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ジ ∂ Β∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ -ヴ∠ヘ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ヰイ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ￢べ∠セ リ∠ョ ゲ⊥ ミｚ グｚ ∠Β∠シ -ン∠ゲ∇ミグ∂ ャや ろ ͡ バ∠ ヘ∠ ルｚ ラ͡ま ∇ゲミ∂ グ∠ プ∠ -ン∠ゲ∇ジΒ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤ∇ダΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや -ヴ∠ボ∇セ∇Ιや ゅ∠ヰら⊥ レｚ イ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ -ヴ∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ び-ゅ∠Β∇エ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ -ン∠ゲ∇らム⊥ ∇ャや

(1. Glorify t he Name of your Lord, t he Most High.) (2. Who has creat ed, and t hen proport ioned it .) (3. And Who has measured; and t hen guided.) (4. And Who brings out t he past urage,) (5. And t hen makes it dark st ubble.) (6. We shall make you recit e, so you shall not forget ,) (7. Except what Allah may will He knows what is apparent and what is hidden.) (8. And We shall make easy for you t he easy.) (9. Therefore remind in case t he reminder profit s.) (10. The reminder will be received by him who fears,) (11. But it will be avoided by t he wret ched,) (12. Who will ent er t he great Fire.) (13. There he will neit her die nor live.)

The Command to pronounce Tasbih and its Response Imam Ahmad recorded from Ibn ` Abbas t hat whenever t he Messenger of Allah would recit e

び ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ∂ やマ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ∠ ∇シや ウ ͡ らあ シ ∠ぴ (Glorify t he Name of your Lord, t he Most High.) he would say,

«ヴ∠ヤ∇ハほ∠∇ャや ヶ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥» (Glory t o my Lord, t he Most High.) Ibn Jarir recorded from Ibn Ishaq Al-Hamdani t hat whenever Ibn ` Abbas would recit e

び ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ∂ やマ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ∠ ∇シや ウ ͡ らあ シ ∠ぴ (Glorify t he Name of your Lord, t he Most High.) he would say, "Glory t o my Lord, t he Most High,'' and whenever he would recit e

び る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (I swear by t he Day of Resurrect ion.) (75:1) and t hen reach t he end of it

び ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヴ ∠ Β͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ケ∃ ギ͡ ⇒∠ボよ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Is not He able t o give life t o t he dead) (75:40) he would say, "Glory t o You, of course.'' Qat adah said,

び ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ∂ やマ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ∠ ∇シや ウ ͡ らあ シ ∠ぴ (Glorify t he Name of your Lord, t he Most High.) "It has been ment ioned t o us t hat whenever t he Prophet of Allah used t o recit e it he would say,

«ヴ∠ヤ∇ハほ∠∇ャや ヶ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥»

(Glory t o my Lord, t he Most High.)''

The Creation, the Decree, and the bringing forth of Vegetation Allah says,

び ンｚヲジ ∠ プ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (Who has creat ed, and t hen proport ioned it .) meaning, He creat ed t hat which has been creat ed, and He fashioned every creat ion in t he best of forms. Then Allah says,

び ン∠ギヰ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And Who has measured; and t hen guided.) Muj ahid said, "He guided man t o dist ress and happiness, and he guided t he cat t le t o t heir past ures.'' This Ayah is similar t o what Allah has said about Musa's st at ement t o Fir` awn,

びン∠ギワ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ∇ヤカ ∠ ￢∃ ヴ∠セ ｚモミ⊥ ヴ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや ゅ∠レよぁ ケ∠ ぴ (Our Lord is He Who gave t o each t hing it s form and nat ure, t hen guided it aright .) (20:50) meaning, He decreed a set measure and guided t he creat ion t o it . This is j ust as is confirmed in Sahih Muslim on t he aut horit y of ` Abdullah bin ` Amr t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ペ ∠ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ ペ ͡ も͡ ゅ∠ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∠ Α͡キゅ∠ボョ∠ ケ∠ ギｚ ホ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ る∃ レ∠ シ ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ジ∇ヨガ ∠ よ͡ チ ∠ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ れ ͡ やヲ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや «￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ セ ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ (Verily, Allah ordained t he measure of all creat ion fift y t housand years before He creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h, and His Throne was over t he wat er.) Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ヴ∠ハ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ァ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (And Who brings out t he past urage,) meaning, all t ypes of veget at ion and crops.

び ン∠ヲ∇ェぺ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠んビ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (And t hen makes it dark st ubble.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "Dried up and alt ered.'' It has been narrat ed t hat Muj ahid, Qat adah and Ibn Zayd, all made similar st at ement s.

The Prophet does not forget the Revelation Allah says,

び∠マも⊥ ͡ゲ∇ボレ⊥ ∠シぴ (We shall make you t o recit e,) meaning, ` O Muhammad.'

びヴ∠ジレ∠ゎ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so you shall not forget (it ),) This is Allah informing and promising him (t he Prophet ) t hat He will t each him a recit at ion t hat he will not forget .

び⊥ヮヤｚャや ￢∠ べ∠セ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except what Allah may will.) Qat adah said, "The Prophet did not forget anyt hing except what Allah willed.'' It has been said t hat t he meaning of Allah's st at ement ,

びヴ∠ジレ∠ゎ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (so you shall not forget ,) is, "do not forget '' and t hat which would be abrogat ed, is merely an except ion t o t his. Meaning, ` do not forget what We t each you t o recit e, except what Allah wills, which He removes and t here is no sin on your leaving it off (not ret aining it ).' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びヴ∠ヘ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ヰイ ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ (He knows what is apparent and what is hidden.) meaning, He knows what t he creat ures do openly and what t hey hide, whet her it be st at ement s or deeds. None of t hat is hidden from Him. Then Allah says,

び ン∠ゲ∇ジΒ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ジ あ Β∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And We shall make easy for you t he easy.) meaning, ` We will make good deeds and st at ement s easy for you, and We will legislat e such Law for you t hat is easy, t olerant , st raight and j ust , wit h no crookedness, difficult y or hardship in it .'

v Allah t hen says,

び ン∠ゲ∇ミグあ ャや ろ ͡ バ∠ ヘ∠ ルｚ ラ͡ま ∇ゲミあ グ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Therefore remind in case t he reminder prof it s.) meaning, remind where reminding is beneficial. From here we get t he et iquet t e of spreading knowledge, t hat it should not be wast ed upon t hose who are not suit able or wort hy of it . The Commander of t he believers, ` Ali said, "You do not t ell people any st at ement t hat t heir int ellect s do not grasp except t hat it will be a Fit nah (t rial) for some of t hem.'' He also said, "Tell people t hat which t hey know. Would you like for Allah and His Messenger t o be rej ect ed'' Allah said:

び ヴ∠ゼ∇ガΑ∠ リ∠ョ ゲ⊥ ミｚ グｚ ∠Β∠シぴ (The reminder will be received by him who fears,) meaning, ` he whose heart fears Allah and who knows t hat he is going t o meet Him, will receive admonit ion from what you convey t o him, O Muhammad.'

- ン∠ゲ∇らム⊥ ∇ャや ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ヴ∠ヤ∇ダΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや - ヴ∠ボ∇セΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰら⊥ レｚ イ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ゅ∠Β∇エ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ れ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ (But it will be avoided by t he wret ched, who will ent er t he great Fire. There he will neit her die nor live.) meaning, he will not die and t hus be allowed t o rest , nor will he live a life t hat is beneficial t o him. Inst ead, his life will be harmful t o him, because it will be t he cause of his feeling of t he pain of t orment and various t ypes of punishment s what he is being punished wit h. Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Sa` id t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠» ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ヨΒ⊥ プ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ∀サゅ∠ルぺ⊥ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ラ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇エΑ∠ モ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャや グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ￢⊥ ゅ∠バヘ∠ ゼ ぁ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ プ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ∩ゅ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇ヰル∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わら⊥ ∇レΑ∠ :メゅホ ヱぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ら͡ ∇レΒ⊥ プ∠ り∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らツ あ ャや ゲ͡ ∇ヰル∠ :メゅホ ヱぺ ラ ͡ や∠ヲΒ∠ エ ∠ ∇ャや :メゅホ ヱぺ ∩͡りゅ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや :メゅホ ヱぺ «モ∇Βジ ｚ ャや モ ͡ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ヶ͡プ る͡ らｚ エ ͡ ∇ャや れ ∠ ゅ∠らル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わら⊥ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや (Concerning t he people of t he Fire who are deserving of it , t hey will not die nor will t hey live. Regarding t he people t hat Allah want s mercy for, He will cause t hem t o die in t he Fire. Then He will allow t he int ercessors t o come t o t hem, and a man will t ake his groups of support ers and plant t hem (or he said (t hey will be plant ed) in t he River of Al-Haya (or he said (Al-Hayah, or Al-Hayawan, or Nahr Al-Jannah). Then t hey will sprout up like t he sprout ing of t he seed on t he moist bank of a flowing st ream.) Then t he Prophet said,

ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠￢や∠ゲ∇ツカ ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ イ ∠ゼ ｚ ャや ラ ∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョぺ∠» «∨∠￢や∠ゲ∇ツカ ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠￢や∠ゲ∇ヘタ ∠ (Haven't you all seen t he t ree t hat is green, t hen it t urns yellow, t hen it t urns green (again)) Abu Sa` id t hen said t hat some of t hose present said, "It is as if t he Prophet used t o live in t he desert wilderness (i.e., due t o his parables of nat ure).'' Ahmad also recorded from Abu Sa` id t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠» メゅホ ゅヨミ ヱぺ ∀サゅ∠ルぺ⊥ ∇リム͡ ⇒⇒ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ラ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ Β͡ヨΒ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠Αゅ∠トガ ∠ よ͡ :メゅホ ヱぺ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ら⊥ Β͡ダゎ⊥ ∩͡るハ ∠ ゅ∠ヘゼ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ⊥ ゅ⇔ヨ∇エ∠プ やヱ⊥ケゅ∠タ や∠クま͡ ヴ∇わェ ∠ る⇔ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョま͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ やヲぁんら⊥ プ∠ ゲ∠ も͡ ゅ∠らッ ∠ ゲ∠ も͡ ゅ∠らッ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ￢∠ ヶ͡イプ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ やヲ⊥ツΒ͡プぺ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠Α:メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや «モ∇Βジ ｚ ャや モ ͡ Β͡ヨェ ∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ る͡ らｚ エ ͡ ∇ャや れ ∠ ゅ∠らル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わら⊥ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ (Concerning t he people of t he Fire who will be dwellers of it , t hey will not die in it nor will t hey live. However, t here will be a group of people - or as he said -( whom t he Fire will burn due t o t heir sins - or he said - (t heir wrongdoings. So, He will cause t hem t o die unt il t hey become burnt coal. Then t he int ercession will be allowed and t hey will be brought group aft er group, and t hey will be scat t ered over t he rivers of Paradise. Then it will be said: "O people of Paradise! Pour down upon t hem.'' Then t hey will sprout like t he growing of t he seed t hat is upon t he moist bank of t he flowing st ream.'' Then, a man from among t he people present said, "It is as if t he Messenger of Allah used t o live in t he desert wilderness.'' Muslim also recorded t his Hadit h.

- ヴｚヤダ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ユ∠ ∇シや ゲ∠ ミ∠ ク∠ ヱ∠ - ヴｚミゴ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ョ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ ヴ∠ボ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ - ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲを͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ブ ͡ エ ⊥タ ⊥ - ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや ブ ͡ エ ⊥ダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡ヘャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ び ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョヱ∠

(14. Indeed whosoever purifies himself shall achieve success.) (15. And remembers t he Name of his Lord, and performs Salah.) (16. Rat her you prefer t he life of t his world.) (17. Alt hough t he Hereaft er is bet t er and more last ing.) (18. Verily, t his is in t he former Script ures) (19. The Script ures of Ibrahim and Musa.)

A Statement concerning the People of Success Allah says,

び ヴｚミゴ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ョ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Indeed whosoever purifies himself shall achieve success.) meaning, he purifies himself from despised charact erist ics and he follows what Allah has revealed t o t he Messenger .

び ヴｚヤダ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ユ∠ ∇シや ゲ∠ ミ∠ ク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And remembers t he Name of his Lord, and performs Salah.) meaning, he est ablishes t he prayer in it s appoint ed t ime, seeking t he pleasure of Allah, obedience t o His command, and implement at ion of His Law. We have already report ed from t he Commander of t he believers, ` Umar bin ` Abdul-` Aziz, t hat he used t o command t he people t o give t he Sadaqat Al-Fit r, and he would recit e t his Ayah:

び ヴｚヤダ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ユ∠ ∇シや ゲ∠ ミ∠ ク∠ ヱ∠ - ヴｚミゴ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ョ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Indeed whosoever purifies himself shall achieve success. And remembers t he Name of his Lord, and performs Salah.) Abu Al-Ahwas said, "If someone comes t o any of you begging, and he want s t o pray, t hen he should give charit y (Zakah) before he prays. For verily, Allah t he Exalt ed says,

び ヴｚヤダ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ユ∠ ∇シや ゲ∠ ミ∠ ク∠ ヱ∠ - ヴｚミゴ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ョ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Indeed whosoever purifies himself shall achieve success. And remembers t he Name of his Lord, and performs Salah.)'' Qat adah said concerning t his Ayah,

び ヴｚヤダ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ユ∠ ∇シや ゲ∠ ミ∠ ク∠ ヱ∠ - ヴｚミゴ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ョ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Indeed whosoever purifies himself shall achieve success. And remembers t he Name of his Lord, and performs Salah (Fasalla).) "He purifies his wealt h and pleases his Creat or.''

This World is Worthless in Comparison to the Hereafter Then Allah says,

び ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡を∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ (Rat her you prefer t he life of t his world.) meaning, ` you give it precedence over t he mat t er of t he Hereaft er, and you prefer it because of what it cont ains of usefulness and benefit for you in livelihood, and your ret urns (i.e., income, profit able gain).'

び ヴ∠ボ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱぴ (Alt hough t he Hereaft er is bet t er and more last ing.) meaning, t he reward of t he final abode is bet t er t han t he worldly life, and it is more last ing. For indeed, t his worldly life is lowly and t emporal, whereas t he Hereaft er is noble and et ernal. Thus, how can an int elligent person prefer t hat which is short -lived over t hat which is et ernal. How can he give import ance t o t hat which will soon pass away from him, while ignoring t he import ance of t he abode of et ernit y and infinit y. Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮゎ͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡ べ͡よ ゲｚ ッ ∠ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルキ⊥ ょ ｚ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇らΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ やヱ⊥ゲを͡ べ∠プ ∩⊥ロゅ∠Β∇ルギ⊥ よ͡ ゲｚ ッ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡へ «ヴ∠レ∇ヘΑ∠ (Whoever loves his worldly life, will suffer in his Hereaft er, and whoever loves his worldly life, will suffer in his Hereaft er, and whoever loves his Hereaft er, will suffer in his worldly life. Therefore, chose t hat which is everlast ing over t hat which is t emporal.) Ahmad was alone in recording t his Hadit h.

The Scriptures of Ibrahim and Musa Allah t hen says,

ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ブ ͡ エ ⊥タ ⊥ - ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや ブ ͡ エ ⊥ダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡ヘャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョヱ∠ (Verily, t his is in t he former Script ures -- t he Script ures of Ibrahim and Musa.) This Ayah is similar t o Allah's st at ement in Surat An-Naj m,

ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ヱ∠ - ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ブ ͡ エ ⊥タ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ほらｚ レ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ - ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ケ∠ ∇コヱ͡ り∀ ケ∠ コ͡ ヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゴ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ｚ ぺ∠ - ヴｚプヱ∠ ン͡グャｚや

フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ヮ⊥ Β∠ ∇バシ ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ヴ∠バシ ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ リ ͡ ⇒∠ジル͡Θャ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ヴ∠プ∇ヱΕ ∠ や ￢∠ へ∠ゴイ ∠ ∇ャや ロ⊥ や∠ゴ∇イΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ - ン∠ゲΑ⊥ び ヴ∠ヰわ∠ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや (Or is he not informed wit h what is in t he Script ures of Musa. And of Ibrahim who fulfilled (or conveyed) all t hat (Allah ordered him t o do or convey): t hat no burdened person (wit h sins) shall bear t he burden (sins) of anot her. And t hat man can have not hing but what he does. And t hat his deeds will be seen. Then he will be recompensed wit h a full and t he best recompense. And t hat t o your Lord is t he End (Ret urn of everyt hing).) (53:36-42) And so fort h, unt il t he end of t hese Ayat . Abu ` Aliyah said, "The st ory of t his Surah is in t he earlier Script ures.'' Ibn Jarir preferred t he view t hat t he meaning of Allah's st at ement ,

びへ∠グワ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t his) is referring t o His previous st at ement ,

- ヴｚヤダ ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ユ∠ ∇シや ゲ∠ ミ∠ ク∠ ヱ∠ - ヴｚミゴ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ョ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ ヴ∠ボ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や∠ヱ - ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや り∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲを͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇モよ∠ び (Indeed whosoever purifies himself shall achieve success. And remembers t he Name of his Lord, and offers Salah. Rat her you prefer t he life of t his world. Alt hough t he Hereaft er is bet t er and more last ing.) Then Allah says,

びへ∠グワ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t his) meaning, t he cont ent of t his discussion,

ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ブ ͡ エ ⊥タ ⊥ - ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや ブ ͡ エ ⊥ダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡ヘャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ び ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョヱ∠ (in t he former Script ures, t he Script ures of Ibrahim and Musa.) This view t hat he (At -Tabari) has chosen is good and st rong. Similar t o it has been report ed from Qat adah and Ibn Zayd. And Allah knows best . This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-A` la (Sabbih). All praise and blessings are due t o Allah, and He is t he Giver of success and prot ect ion from error.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Ghashiyah

(Chapter - 88) Which was revealed in Makkah Reciting Surat Al-A` la and Al-Ghashiyah in the Friday Prayer has already been ment ioned on t he aut horit y of An-Nu` man bin Bashir t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o recit e Surat Al-A` la (87) and Al-Ghashiyah in t he ` Id and Friday prayers. Imam Malik recorded t hat Ad-Dahhak bin Qays asked An-Nu` man bin Bashir, "What else did t he Messenger of Allah recit e on Friday along wit h Surat Al-Jumu` ah'' An-Nu` man replied, "AlGhashiyah (88).'' This narrat ion has been recorded by Abu Dawud, An-Nasa'i, Muslim and Ibn Maj ah.

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

る∀ バ∠ ゼ ͡ ⇒∠カ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ - る͡ Β∠ ゼ ͡ ⇒∠ピ∇ャや ゑ ⊥ Α͡ギェ ∠ ポ ∠ ゅ∠ゎぺ∠ ∇モワ∠ ぴ ∇リョ͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ジゎ⊥ - る⇔ Β∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ェ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ヴ∠ヤ∇ダゎ∠ - る∀ ら∠ タ ͡ ゅｚル る∀ ヤ∠ョ͡ ゅ∠ハ Ι ｚ - ノ∃ Α͡ゲッ ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∀ュゅ∠バデ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚ - る∃ Β∠ ル͡ や∠￢ リ ∃ ∇Βハ ∠ びネ ∃ ヲ⊥ィ リ͡ョ ヴ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ジΑ⊥ (1. Has t here come t o you t he narrat ion of Al-Ghashiyah (t he overwhelming)) (2. Some faces t hat Day will be Khashi` ah.) (3. Laboring, weary.) (4. They will ent er int o Fire, Hamiyah.) (5. They will be given t o drink from a boiling (Aniyah) spring,) (6. No food will t here be for t hem but from Dari` ,) (7. Which will neit her nourish nor avail against hunger.)

The Day of Judgement and what will happen to the People of the Fire during it Al-Ghashiyah is one of the names of the Day of Judgement. This was said by Ibn ` Abbas, Qat adah and Ibn Zayd. It has been called t his because it will overwhelm t he people and overcome t hem. Allah t hen says,

び る∀ バ∠ ゼ ͡ ⇒∠カ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ぴ (Some faces t hat Day will be Khashi` ah.) meaning, humiliat ed. This was said by Qat adah. Ibn ` Abbas said, "They will be humble but t his act ion will be of no benefit t o t hem.'' Then Allah says,

び る∀ ら∠ タ ͡ ゅｚル る∀ ヤ∠ョ͡ ゅ∠ハぴ (Laboring, weary.) meaning, t hey did many deeds and became weary in t heir performance, yet t hey will be cast int o a blazing Fire on t he Day of Judgement . Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Burqani narrat ed from Abu ` Imran Al-Jawni t hat he said, " ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab passed by t he monast ery of a monk and he said: ` O monk!' Then t he monk came out , and ` Umar looked at him and began t o weep. Then it was said t o him: ` O Commander of t he fait hful! Why are you weeping' He replied: ` I remembered t he st at ement of Allah, t he Might y and Maj est ic, in His Book,

び る⇔ Β∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ェ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ヴ∠ヤ∇ダゎ∠ - る∀ ら∠ タ ͡ ゅｚル る∀ ヤ∠ョ͡ ゅ∠ハぴ (Laboring, weary. They will ent er int o Fire, Hamiyah.) So t hat is what has made me cry. ''' AlBukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

び る∀ ら∠ タ ͡ ゅｚル る∀ ヤ∠ョ͡ ゅ∠ハぴ (Laboring, weary.) "The Christ ians.'' It is narrat ed t hat ` Ikrimah and As-Suddi bot h said, "Laboring in t he worldly life wit h disobedience, and weariness in t he Fire from t orment and perdit ion.'' Ibn ` Abbas, Al-Hasan, and Qat adah all said,

び る⇔ Β∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ェ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ヴ∠ヤ∇ダゎ∠ ぴ (They will ent er int o Fire, Hamiyah) meaning, hot wit h int ense heat .

び る∃ Β∠ ル͡ や∠￢ リ ∃ ∇Βハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ジゎ⊥ ぴ (They will be given t o drink from a boiling (Aniyah) spring.) meaning, it s heat has reached it s maximum limit and boiling point . This was said by Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan and As-Suddi. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ノ∃ Α͡ゲッ ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∀ュゅ∠バデ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ (No food will t here be for t hem but from Dari` ,) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "A t ree from t he Hellfire.'' Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Abu Al-Jawza' and Qat adah, all said, "It is Ash-Shibriq (a t ype of plant ).'' Qat adah said, "The Quraysh called it AshShabraq in t he spring and Ad-Dari` in t he summer.'' ` Ikrimah said, "It is a t horny t ree which reaches down t o t he ground.'' Al-Bukhari relat ed t hat Muj ahid said, "Ad-Dari` is a plant t hat is called Ash-Shibriq. The people of t he Hij az call it Ad-Dari` when it dries, and it is poisonous.'' Ma` mar narrat ed t hat Qat adah said,

び ノ∃ Α͡ゲッ ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∀ュゅ∠バデ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ

(No food will t here be for t hem but from Dari` ,) "This is Ash-Shibriq. When it dries it is called Ad-Dari` .'' Sa` id narrat ed from Qat adah t hat he said,

び ノ∃ Α͡ゲッ ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∀ュゅ∠バデ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ (No food will t here be for t hem but Dari` ,) "This is of t he worst , most disgust ing and loat hsome of foods.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びネ ∃ ヲ⊥ィ リ͡ョ ヴ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ジΑ⊥ Ι ｚぴ (Which will neit her nourish nor avail against hunger.) This means t hat t he int ent in eat ing it will not be achieved, and not hing harmful will be repelled by it .

る∃ レｚ ィ ∠ ヴ͡プ る∀ Β∠ ッ ͡ や∠ケ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ ∇バジ ∠ ャあ - る∀ ヨ∠ ハ ͡ ゅｚル グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ぴ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ る∀ Α∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ィ ∀リ∇Β∠ハ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ る⇔ Β∠ ピ͡ ⇒∠ャ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ｚ る∃ Β∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ハ ベ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヨル∠ ヱ∠ ∀るハ ∠ ヲ⊥ッ∇ヲョｚ ∀ゆや∠ヲ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀る∠ハヲ⊥プ∇ゲョｚ ∀ケゲ⊥ シ ⊥ び ∀るを∠ ヲ⊥ん∇らョ∠ ヶ ぁ よ͡ や∠ケコ∠ ヱ∠ ∀る∠プヲ⊥ヘ∇ダ∠ョ (8. Faces t hat Day will be j oyful,) (9. Glad wit h t heir endeavor.) (10. In a loft y Paradise.) (11. Where t hey shall neit her hear harmful speech nor falsehood.) (12. Therein will be a running spring.) (13. Therein will be t hrones raised high.) (14. And cups set at hand.) (15. And Namariq, set in rows.) (16. And Zarabi, spread out (Mabt hut hah).)

The Condition of the People of Paradise on the Day of Judgement Aft er ment ioning t he sit uat ion of t he wret ched people, Allah changes t he discussion t o ment ion t hose who will be happy. He says,

び∃グゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ぴ (Faces t hat Day.) meaning, on t he Day of Judgement .

び∀るヨ∠ ハ ͡ ゅｚルぴ (will be j oyful,) meaning, pleasure will be not iceable in t hem (t hose faces). This will only occur due t o t heir st riving. Sufyan said,

び る∀ Β∠ ッ ͡ や∠ケ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ ∇バジ ∠ ャあぴ (Glad wit h t heir endeavor.) "They will be pleased wit h t heir deeds.'' Then Allah says,

び る∃ Β∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ハ る∃ レｚ ィ ∠ ヴ͡プぴ (In a loft y Paradise.) meaning, elevat ed and brilliant , secure in t heir dwellings.

び る⇔ Β∠ ピ͡ ⇒∠ャ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ｚぴ (Where t hey shall neit her hear harmful speech nor falsehood.) meaning, t hey will not hear in t he Paradise t hat t hey will be in, any foolish word. This is as Allah says,

び⇔ゅヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ や⇔ヲ∇ピャ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ｚぴ (They shall not hear t herein any Laghw, but only Salam.) (19:62) Allah also says,

び∀ユΒ͡を∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∀ヲ∇ピ∠ャ Ι ｚぴ (Free from any Laghw, and free from sin.) (52:23) and He says,

ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡ホ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡を∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ヲ∇ピャ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ び ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ (No Laghw will t hey hear t herein, nor any sinful speech. But only t he saying of: "Salam! Salam!'' ) (56:25-26) Then Allah cont inues,

び る∀ Α∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ィ ∀リ∇Β∠ハ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プぴ (Therein will be a running spring.) meaning, flowing freely. This is ment ioned wit h t he int ent of emphasizing affirmat ion. It is not int ended t o mean t hat t here is only one spring. So here it refers t o springs collect ively. Thus, t he meaning is t hat in it (Paradise) are flowing springs. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ろ ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ヤゎ͡ ろ ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゲ⊥ イ ｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠» «マ∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや メ ͡ ゅ∠らィ ͡ (The rivers of Paradise spring fort h from beneat h hills -- or mount ains -- of musk.)

び ∀る∠ハヲ⊥プ∇ゲョｚ ∀ケゲ⊥ シ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プぴ (Therein will be t hrones raised high.) meaning, loft y, delight ful, numerous couches, wit h elevat ed ceilings. Upon which will be seat ed wide-eyed, beaut iful maidens. They have ment ioned t hat whenever t he friend of Allah wishes t o sit on t hese loft y t hrones, t hey (t he t hrones) will lower t hemselves for him.

び ∀るハ ∠ ヲ⊥ッ∇ヲョｚ ∀ゆや∠ヲ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And cups set at hand.) meaning, drinking cont ainers t hat are prepared and present ed for whoever among t heir mast ers (i.e., t he people of Paradise) want s t hem.

び ∀る∠プヲ⊥ヘ∇ダ∠ョ ベ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヨル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Namariq set in rows.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "An-Namariq are pillows.'' This was also said by ` Ikrimah, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, As-Suddi, At h-Thawri and ot hers. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ∀る∠をヲ⊥ん∇らョ∠ ヶ ぁ よ͡ や∠ケコ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Zarabi, spread out (Mabt hut hah).) Ibn ` Abbas said, "Az-Zarabi are carpet s.'' This was also said by Ad-Dahhak and ot hers. Here t he word Mabt hut hah means placed here and t here for whoever would like t o sit upon t hem.

ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ - ∇ろボ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ モ ͡ よ͡ Η ͡ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ ∇ろら∠ ダ ͡ ル⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ - ∇ろバ∠ プ͡ ケ⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ͡￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ゲミあ グ∠ プ∠ - ∇ろエ ∠ト ͡シ ⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ヴｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ - ゲ∃ ト ͡ ∇Βジ ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ジャｚ - ∀ゲミあ ∠グョ⊥ べ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ミΙ ｘや ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ヮ⊥ よ⊥ あグバ∠ ∇Βプ∠ - ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ び ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ - ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠Αま͡ (17. Do t hey not look at t he camels, how t hey are creat ed) (18. And at t he heaven, how it is raised) (19. And at t he mount ains, how t hey are root ed) (20. And at t he eart h, how it is out spread) (21. So remind t hem -- you are only one who reminds.) (22. You are not a Musayt ir over t hem.) (23. Save t he one who t urns away and disbelieves.) (24. Then Allah will punish him wit h t he great est punishment .) (25. Verily, t o Us will be t heir ret urn;) (26. Then verily, for Us will be t heir reckoning.)

The Exhortation to look at the Creation of the Camel, the Heaven, the Mountains and the Earth Allah commands His servant s t o look at His creat ions t hat prove His power and great ness. He says,

び ∇ろボ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ モ ͡ よ͡ Η ͡ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Do t hey not look at t he camels, how t hey are creat ed) Indeed it is an amazing creat ion, and t he way it has been fashioned is st range. For it is ext remely powerful and st rong, yet gent le, carrying heavy loads. It allows it self t o be guided by a weak rider. It is eat en, benefit is derived from it s hair, and it s milk is drunk. They are reminded of t his because t he most common domest ic animal of t he Arabs was t he camel. Shurayh Al-Qadi used t o say, "Come out wit h us so t hat we may look at t he camels and how t hey were creat ed, and at t he sky and how it has been raised.'' Meaning, how Allah raised it in such magnificence above t he ground. This is as Allah says,

ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βレ∠ よ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠Α ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びァ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲプ⊥ リ͡ョ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒ｚレΑｚ コ∠ ヱ∠ (Have t hey not looked at t he heaven above t hem, how we have made it and adorned it and t here are no rift s on it ) (50:6) Then Allah says,

び ∇ろら∠ ダ ͡ ル⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And at t he mount ains, how t hey are root ed) meaning, how t hey have been erect ed. For indeed t hey are firmly affixed so t hat t he eart h does not sway wit h it s dwellers. And He made t hem wit h t he benefit s and minerals t hey cont ain.

び ∇ろエ ∠ト ͡シ ⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And at t he eart h, how it is out spread) meaning, how it has been spread out , ext ended and made smoot h. Thus, He direct s t he bedouin t o consider what he himself wit nesses. His camel t hat he rides upon, t he sky t hat is above his head, t he mount ain t hat faces him, and t he eart h t hat is under him, all of t his is proof of t he power of t he Creat or and Maker of t hese t hings. These t hings should lead him t o see t hat He is t he Lord, t he Most Great , t he Creat or, t he Owner, and t he Cont roller of everyt hing. Therefore, He is t he God ot her t han Whom none deserves t o be worshipped.

The Story of Dimam bin Tha` labah

These are t he t hings Dimam swore by aft er quest ioning t he Messenger of Allah . This can be seen in what Imam Ahmad recorded from Thabit , who report ed t hat Anas said, "We were prohibit ed from asking t he Messenger of Allah anyt hing. Thus, it used t o amaze us when an int elligent man from t he people of t he desert (bedouin Arabs) would come and ask him about somet hing while we were list ening. So a man from t he people of t he desert came and said, ` O Muhammad! Verily, your messenger has come t o us and he claims t hat you claim t hat Allah sent you.' He (t he Prophet ) said,

«ベ∠ギタ ∠ » (He t old t he t rut h.) The man said, Who creat ed t he heaven∨ He (t he Prophet ) replied,

«ぶや» ,(Alla0h.) The man said, Who creat ed t he eart h∨ He (t he Prophet ) replied,

«ぶや» ,(Alla0h). The man said, ` Who erect ed t hese mount ains and placed in t hem what ever is in t hem' He (t he Prophet ) replied, や,(Allah). Then t he man said, ` By t he One Who creat ed t he heaven, t he eart h, and erect ed t hese mount ains, did Allah send you' He (t he Prophet ) said,

«ユ∠バル∠ » (Yes.) The man t hen said, ` Your messenger claims t hat we are obligat ed t o pray five prayers during our day and night .' He (t he Prophet ) said,

«ベ∠ギタ ∠ » (He t old t he t rut h.) The man t hen said, ` By He Who has sent you, did Allah command you wit h t his' He (t he Prophet ) replied,

«ユ∠バル∠ » (Yes.) The man t hen said, ` Your messenger also claims t hat we are obligat ed t o give charit y from our wealt h.' He (t he Prophet ) said,

«ベ∠ギタ ∠ » (He t old t he t rut h.) Then t he man said, ` By He Who has sent you, did Allah command you wit h t his' He (t he Prophet ) replied,

«ユ∠バル∠ » (Yes.) The man t hen said, ` Your messenger claims t hat we are obligat ed t o perform pilgrimage (Haj j ) t o t he House (t he Ka` bah), for whoever is able t o find a way t here.' He (t he Prophet ) said,

«ベ∠ギタ ∠ » (He t old t he t rut h.) Then t he man t urned away t o leave while saying, ` By He Who has sent you wit h t he t rut h, I will not add anyt hing t o t hese t hings and I will not decrease anyt hing from t hem.' The Prophet t hen said,

«るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや リ ｚ ヤ∠カ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ ャ∠ ベ ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ラま͡» (If he has spoken t rut hfully, he will cert ainly ent er Paradise.) This Hadit h was recorded by AlBukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah.

The Messenger is only charged with delivering the Message Allah says,

び ゲ∃ ト ͡ ∇Βジ ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ジャｚ - ∀ゲミあ ∠グョ⊥ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ゲミあ グ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So remind t hem -- you are only one who reminds. You are not a Musayt ir over t hem) meaning, "O Muhammad! Remind t he people wit h what you have been sent wit h t o t hem.''

び⊥ゆゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ み͡プ∠ ぴ (your dut y is only t o convey (t he Message) and on Us is t he reckoning.) (13:40) Then Allah says,

び ゲ∃ ト ͡ ∇Βジ ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ジャｚぴ (You are not a Musayt ir over t hem.) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and ot hers said, "You are not a dict at or over t hem.'' This means t hat you cannot creat e fait h in t heir heart s. Ibn Zayd said, "You are not t he one who can force t hem t o have fait h.'' Imam Ahmad recorded from Jabir t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ャ :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや モ ∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ホぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥» ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠ョキ͡ ヶあレョ͡ やヲ⊥ヨダ ∠ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ぶや «モ∠ィヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰボあ エ ∠ よ͡ ゅｚャま͡ (I have been commanded t o fight t he people unt il t hey say La ilaha illallah (none has t he right t o be worshipped except Allah). So if t hey say t hat , t hey have safeguarded t heir blood and wealt h from me - except for what is right fully due from it - and t heir reckoning is wit h Allah, t he Might y and Maj est ic.)'' Then he recit ed,

び ゲ∃ ト ͡ ∇Βジ ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ジャｚ - ∀ゲミあ ∠グョ⊥ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ゲミあ グ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So remind t hem - you are only one who reminds. You are not a dict at or over t hem -) This is how Muslim recorded t his Hadit h in his Book of Fait h, and At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i also recorded it in t heir Sunans in t he Books of Tafsir. This Hadit h can be found in bot h of t he Two Sahihs.

The Threat for Whoever turns away from the Truth Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ヴｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎ リ∠ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Save t he one who t urns away and disbelieves.) meaning, he t urns away from act ing upon it s pillars, and he disbelieves in t he t rut h wit h his heart and his t ongue. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び ヴｚャヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ - ヴｚヤタ ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ベ ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So he neit her believed nor prayed! But on t he cont rary, he belied and t urn away!) (75:31-32) Thus, Allah says,

び ゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ミΙ ｘやゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヮ⊥ よ⊥ あグバ∠ ∇Βプ∠ ぴ (Then Allah will punish him wit h t he great est punishment .) Allah t hen says,

び ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠Αま͡ べ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, t o Us will be t heir ret urn;) meaning, t heir place of ret urn and t heir resort .

び ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then verily, for Us will be t heir reckoning.) meaning, ` We will reckon t heir deeds for t hem and requit e t hem for t hose deeds.' If t hey did good, t hey will receive good, and if t hey did evil, t hey will receive evil. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Ghashiyah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Fajr (Chapter - 89) Which was revealed in Makkah Recitation of Surat Al-Fajr in the Prayer An-Nasa'i recorded a narrat ion from Jabir t hat Mu` adh prayed a prayer and a man came and j oined him in t he prayer. Mu` adh made t he prayer long, so t he man went and prayed (alone) at t he side of t he Masj id, and t hen left . When Mu` adh was informed of t his he said, "(He is) a hypocrit e.'' He (Mu` adh) t hen informed t he Messenger of Allah of what happened. The Prophet t hen asked t he young man (about it ) and he replied, "O Messenger of Allah! I came t o pray wit h him, but he made t he prayer t oo long for me. So I left him and prayed at t he side of t he Masj id. Then I went t o feed my she-camel.'' The Messenger of Allah t hen said,

∇リョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∨⊥クゅ∠バョ⊥ ゅ∠Α ∀ラゅｚわ∠プ∠ぺ» び ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ∂ やマ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ∠ ∇シや ウ ͡ らあ シ ∠ぴ び ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠エッ ⊥ ヱ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ び ゲ͡ ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ «び ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱぴ (Are you causing t rouble Mu` adh Why don't you recit e (` Glorify t he Name of your Lord t he Most High'), (` By t he sun and it s bright ness'), (` By t he dawn'), (and (` By t he night as it envelops'))

ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful

モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱ -ゲ͡ ∇ゎヲ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ノ͡ ∇ヘゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ -ゲ∃ ∇ゼハ ∠ メ ∃ ゅΒ∠ャヱ∠ -ゲ͡ ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ -ゲ∃ ∇イェ ͡ ン͡グャ∂ ユ∀ ジ ∠ ホ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ∇モワ∠ -ゲ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユャ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや -キ͡ ゅ∠ヨバ͡ ∇ャや れ ͡ や∠ク ュ∠ ケ∠ ま͡ -∃キゅ∠バ͡よ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ィ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヱ∠ -͡ギ⇒∠ヤ͡ら∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇んョ͡ ∇ペヤ∠∇ガΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや -キ͡ ゅ∠ゎ∇ヱ∇Ιや ン͡ク ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヱ∠ -キ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャゅ͡よ ゲ∠ ∇ガダ ｚ ャや ょ ｚ ダ ∠ プ∠ -キ∠ ゅ∠ジヘ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲん∠ ∇ミほ∠プ∠ -͡ギ⇒∠ヤ͡ら∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇や∇ヲピ∠ デ ∠ び-キ͡ ゅ∠タ∇ゲヨ͡ ∇ャゅ͡らャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ -ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ヅ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ (1. By t he dawn;) (2. And by t he t en night s,) (3. And by t he even and t he odd.) (4. And by t he night when it depart s.) (5. Is t here (not ) in t hem sufficient proofs for men of underst anding!) (6. Saw you not how your Lord dealt wit h ` Ad) (7. Iram of t he pillars,) (8. The like of which were not creat ed in t he land) (9. And Thamud, who hewed out rocks in t he valley) (10. And Fir` awn wit h Al-Awt ad) (11. Who did t ransgress beyond bounds in t he lands.) (12. And made t herein much mischief.) (13. So, your Lord poured on t hem different kinds of severe t orment .) (14. Verily, your Lord is Ever Wat chful.)

The Explanation of Al-Fajr and what comes after it Concerning Al-Faj r, it is well known t hat it is t he morning. This was said by ` Ali, Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah, Muj ahid and As-Suddi. It has been report ed from Masruq and Muhammad bin Ka` b t hat Al-Faj r refers t o t he day of Sacrifice (An-Nahr) in part icular, and it is t he last of t he t en night s. ` The t en night s' refers t o t he (first ) t en days of Dhul-Hij j ah. This was said by Ibn ` Abbas, Ibn Zubayr, Muj ahid and ot hers among t he Salaf and t he lat t er generat ions. It has been confirmed in Sahih Al-Bukhari from Ibn ` Abbas t hat t he Prophet said,

リ ｚ ヰ͡ Β͡プ ぶ ͡ や ヴ∠ャま͡ ょ ぁ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ウ ⊥ ャ͡ゅｚダャや モ ⊥ ヨ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや ュ∃ ゅｚΑ∠ぺ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» «ュゅｚΑほ∠∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ ∇リョ͡ (There are no days in which right eous deeds are more beloved t o Allah t han t hese days.) meaning t he t en days of Dhul-Hij j ah. They said, "Not even fight ing Jihad in t he way of Allah'' He replied,

ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘレ∠ よ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∩͡ぶや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰイ ͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ャヱ∠ » «￢∇ヶゼ ∠ よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ∇リョ͡ ∇ノィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (Not even Jihad in t he way of Allah; except for a man who goes out (for Jihad) wit h his self and his wealt h, and he does not ret urn wit h any of t hat .)

Explanation of Night Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ゲ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱぴ (And by t he night when it depart s.) Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "When it goes away.'' ` Abdullah bin Zubayr said,

び ゲ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱぴ (And by t he night when it depart s.) "As some part s of it remove ot her part s of it .'' Muj ahid, Abu Al-` Aliyah, Qat adah, and Malik who report ed it from Zayd bin Aslam and Ibn Zayd, t hey all said;

び ゲ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱぴ (And by t he night when it depart s.) "When it moves along.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ゲ∃ ∇イェ ͡ ン͡グャあ ユ∀ ジ ∠ ホ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プ ∇モワ∠ ぴ (There is indeed in t hem sufficient proofs for men wit h Hij r!) meaning, for he who possesses int ellect , sound reasoning, underst anding and religious discernment . The int ellect has only been called Hij r because it prevent s t he person from doing t hat which is not befit t ing of him of act ions and st at ement . From t his we see t he meaning of Hij r Al-Bayt because it prevent s t he person performing Tawaf from clinging t he wall facing Ash-Sham. Also t he t erm Hij r AlYamamah (t he cage of t he pigeon) is derived from t his meaning (i.e., prevent ion). It is said, "Haj ara Al-Hakim so-and-so (The j udge passed a j udgement prevent ing so-and-so),'' when his j udgement prevent s t he person from his libert y (i.e., of freely ut ilizing his wealt h). Allah says,

び⇔やケヲ⊥イ∇エョｚ や⇔ゲ∇イェ ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey will say: "Hij r Mahj ur.'') (25:22) All of t hese examples are different cases but t heir meanings are quit e similar. The oat h t hat is referred t o here is about t he t imes of worship and t he act s of worship t hemselves, such as Haj j , Salah and ot her act s of worship t hat Allah's pious,

obedient , servant s who fear Him and are humble before Him, seeking His Noble Face, perform in order t o draw nearer t o Him.

Mentioning the Destruction of ` Ad Aft er ment ioning t hese people, and t heir worship and obedience, Allah says,

び ∃キゅ∠バ͡よ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Saw you not how your Lord dealt wit h ` Ad) These were people who were rebellious, disobedient , arrogant , out side of His obedience, deniers of His Messengers and rej ect ors of His Script ures. Thus, Allah ment ions how He dest royed t hem, annihilat ed t hem and made t hem legends t o be spoken of and an exemplary lesson of warning. He says,

び キ͡ ゅ∠ヨバ͡ ∇ャや れ ͡ や∠ク ュ∠ ケ∠ ま͡ - ∃キゅ∠バ͡よ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Saw you not how your Lord dealt wit h ` Ad Iram of t he pillars,) These were t he first people of ` Ad. They were t he descendant s of ` Ad bin Iram bin ` Aws bin Sam bin Nuh. This was said by Ibn Ishaq. They are t hose t o whom Allah sent His Messenger Hud. However, t hey rej ect ed and opposed him. Therefore, Allah saved him and t hose who believed wit h him from among t hem, and He dest royed ot hers wit h a furious, violent wind.

ゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ジェ ⊥ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る∠ Β∠ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨを∠ ヱ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠Βャ∠ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ガ ｚシ ∠ぴ モ ∃ ∇ガル∠ コ⊥ ゅ∠イ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ヴ∠ハ∇ゲタ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや ン∠ゲわ∠ プ∠ び る∃ Β∠ ホ͡ ゅ∠よ リあョ ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ - る∃ Α∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠カ (Which Allah imposed on t hem for seven night s and eight days in succession, so t hat you could see men lying overt hrown, as if t hey were hollow t runks of dat e palms! Do you see any remnant s of t hem) (69: 7-8) Allah ment ioned t heir st ory in t he Qur'an in more t han one place, so t hat t he believers may learn a lesson from t heir demise. Allah t hen says,

び キ͡ ゅ∠ヨバ͡ ∇ャや れ ͡ や∠ク ュ∠ ケ∠ ま͡ぴ (Iram of t he pillars.) This is an addit ional explanat ion t hat adds clarificat ion who t hey act ually were. Concerning His saying,

び͡キゅ∠ヨバ͡ ∇ャや れ ͡ や∠クぴ (of t he pillars.) is because t hey used t o live in t rellised houses t hat were raised wit h firm pillars. They were t he st rongest people of t heir t ime in t heir physical st at ure, and t hey were

t he might iest people in power. Thus, Hud reminded t hem of t his blessing, and he direct ed t hem t o use t his power in t he obedience of t heir Lord Who had creat ed t hem. He said,

ゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ル ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ￢∠ べ∠ヘヤ∠カ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ∇クま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ クや∠ヱぴ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ￢∠ Γや∠￢ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プ る⇔ ト ∠ ∇ジよ∠ ペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ キ∠ や∠コヱ∠ び∠ラヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ (And remember t hat He made you successors aft er t he people of Nuh and increased you amply in st at ure. So remember t he graces from Allah so t hat you may be successful.)(7:69) Allah also said,

ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∀キゅ∠ハ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ ン͡グャｚや ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ り⇔ ヲｚ ホ⊥ ゅｚレ͡ョ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ び⇔りヲｚ ホ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ (As for 'Ad, t hey were arrogant in t he land wit hout right , and t hey said: "Who is might ier t han us in st rengt h'' See t hey not t hat Allah Who creat ed t hem was might ier in st rengt h t han t hem.) (41:15) And Allah says here,

び ͡ギ⇒∠ヤ͡ら∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇んョ͡ ∇ペヤ∠∇ガΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ヴ͡わャｚやぴ (The like of which were not creat ed in t he land) meaning, t here had been none creat ed like t hem in t heir land, due t o t heir st rengt h, power and t heir great physical st at ure. Muj ahid said, "Iram was an ancient nat ion who were t he first people of ` Ad.'' Qat adah bin Di` amah and AsSuddi bot h said, "Verily, Iram refers t o t he House of t he kingdom of ` Ad.'' This lat t er st at ement is good and st rong. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ͡ギ⇒∠ヤ͡ら∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇んョ͡ ∇ペヤ∠∇ガΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ヴ͡わャｚやぴ (The like of which were not creat ed in t he land) Ibn Zayd considered t he pronoun of discussion here t o refer t o t he pillars, due t o t heir loft iness. He said, "They built pillars among t he hills, t he likes of which had not been const ruct ed in t heir land before.'' However, Qat adah and Ibn Jarir considered t he pronoun of discussion t o refer t o t he t ribe (of ` Ad), meaning t hat t here was no t ribe t hat had been creat ed like t his t ribe in t he land - meaning during t heir t ime. And t his lat t er view is t he correct posit ion. The saying of Ibn Zayd and t hose who follow his view is a weak one, because if He int ended t hat , He would have said "The like of which were not produced in t he land.'' But He said:

び͡ギ⇒∠ヤら͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇んョ͡ ∇ペヤ∠∇ガΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ぴ

(The like of which were not creat ed in t he land.) Then Allah says,

び キ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャゅ͡よ ゲ∠ ∇ガダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ィ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや キ∠ ヲ⊥ヨを∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Thamud, who hewed (Jabu) rocks in t he valley) meaning, t hey cut t he rocks in t he valley. Ibn ` Abbas said, "They carved t hem and t hey hewed t hem.'' This was also said by Muj ahid, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak and Ibn Zayd. From t his t erminology it is said (in t he Arabic language), "t he hewing of leopard skin'' when it is t orn, and "The hewing of a garment '' when it is opened. The word ` Jayb' (pocket or opening in a garment ) also comes from Jabu. Allah says,

びリ ∠ Β͡ワゲ͡ ⇒∠プ ゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥Βよ⊥ メ ͡ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わエ ͡ ∇レゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And you hew in t he mount ains, houses wit h great skill.) (26:149)

A Mention of Fir` awn Allah t hen says,

び キ͡ ゅ∠ゎ∇ヱｘΙや ン͡ク ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ (And Fir` awn wit h Al-Awt ad) Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "Al-Awt ad are t he armies who enforced his commands for him.'' It has also been said t hat Fir` awn used t o nail t heir hands and t heir feet int o pegs (Awt ad) of iron t hat he would hang t hem from. A similar st at ement was made by Muj ahid when he said, "He used t o nail t he people (up) on pegs.'' Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan and As-Suddi all said t he same t hing. Allah said,

び キ∠ ゅ∠ジヘ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲん∠ ∇ミほ∠プ∠ - ͡ギ⇒∠ヤ͡ら∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇や∇ヲピ∠ デ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Who did t ransgress beyond bounds in t he lands. And made t herein much mischief.) meaning, t hey rebelled, were arrogant , and went about making corrupt ion in t he land, and harming t he people.

びゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ヅ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ょ ｚ ダ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, your Lord poured on t hem different kinds of severe t orment .) meaning, He sent down a t orment upon t hem from t he sky and caused t hem t o be overcome by a punishment t hat could not be repelled from t he people who were criminals.

The Lord is Ever Watchful Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び キ͡ ゅ∠タ∇ゲヨ͡ ∇ャゅ͡らャ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, your Lord is Ever Wat chful.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "He hears and He sees.'' This means t hat He wat ches over His creat ion in t hat which t hey do, and He will reward t hem in t his life and in t he Hereaft er based upon what each of t hem st rove for. He will bring all of t he creat ion before Him and He will j udge t hem wit h j ust ice. He will requit each of t hem wit h t hat which he deserves, for He is far removed from inj ust ice and t yranny.

ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ バｚ ル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ミほ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒ヤ∠わ∇よや ゅ∠ョ や∠クま͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ ケ∠ ギ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ヤわ∠ ∇よや ゅ∠ョ や∠クま͡ べｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ - リ ͡ ョ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヴあよケ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ Ι ｚ モ∠よ Κ ｚ ミ∠ - リ ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ワぺ∠ ヴあよケ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ホ∠ ∇コケ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ͡ュゅ∠バ∠デ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲッ ぁ ゅ∠エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ユ∠ Β͡わΒ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇ムゎ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨ∂ ャｚ Κ ⇔ ∇ミぺ∠ ゐ ∠ や∠ゲわぁ ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ͡ Β͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや び ゅ⇔ヨ∂ ィ ∠ ゅ⇔ら∂ ェ ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや (15. As for man, when his Lord t ries him by giving him honor and bount ies, t hen he says: "My Lord has honored me.'') (16. But when He t ries him by st rait ening his means of life, he says: "My Lord has humiliat ed me!'') (17. But no! But you t reat not t he orphans wit h kindness and generosit y!) (18. And urge not one anot her on t he feeding of t he Miskin!) (19. And you devour t he Turat h -- devouring wit h greed.) (20. And you love wealt h wit h love Jamma.)

Wealth and Poverty are both a Test and Honor or Disgrace for the Servant Allah refut es man in his belief t hat if Allah gives Him abundant provisions t o t est him wit h it , it is out of His honor for him. But t his is not t he case, rat her it is a t rial and a t est , as Allah says,

- リ ∠ Β͡レよ∠ ヱ∠ メ ∃ ゅｚョ リ͡ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁギヨ͡ ル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぺ∠ぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ｚ モ∠よ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ネ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ジル⊥ (Do t hey t hink t hat in wealt h and children wit h which We enlarge t hem. We hast en unt o t hem wit h good t hings. Nay, but t hey perceive not .) (23:55-56) Likewise, from anot her angle, if Allah t est s him and t ries him by curt ailing his sust enance, he believes t hat is because Allah is humiliat ing him. As Allah says,

びｚΚミ∠ ぴ

(But no!) meaning, t he mat t er is not as he claims, neit her in t his nor in t hat . For indeed Allah gives wealt h t o t hose whom He loves as well as t hose whom He does not love. Likewise, He wit hholds sust enance from t hose whom He loves and t hose whom He does not love. The point is t hat Allah should be obeyed in eit her circumst ance. If one is wealt hy, he should t hank Allah for t hat , and if he is poor, he should exercise pat ience.

From the Evil that the Servant does regarding Wealth Allah said,

-ユ∠ Β͡わΒ∠ ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇ムゎ⊥ Ι ｚ モ∠よぴ (But you t reat not t he orphans wit h kindness and generosit y!) This cont ains t he command t o honor him (t he orphan). Abu Dawud recorded from Sahl bin Sa` id t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰミ∠ ͡ユΒ͡わ∠Β∇ャや モ ⊥ プ͡ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ» (The guardian of t he orphan and I will be like t hese t wo in Paradise.) And he put his t wo fingers t oget her - t he middle finger and t he index finger.

び-リ ͡ Β͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁッゅ∠エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And urge not one anot her on t he feeding of t he Miskin!) meaning, t hey do not command t hat t he poor and t he needy be t reat ed wit h kindness, nor do t hey encourage each ot her t o do so.

び∠ゐや∠ゲわぁ ャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ (And you devour t he Turat h) meaning, t he inherit ance.

び⇔ゅヨ∂ ャｚ Κ ⇔ ∇ミぺ∠ぴ (devouring wit h greed.) meaning, however t hey can get it , whet her lawful or forbidden.

び ゅ⇔ヨ∂ ィ ∠ ゅ⇔ら∂ ェ ⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And you love wealt h wit h love Jamma.) meaning, in abundance. This increases some of t hem in t heir wickedness.

マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ミ∂ キ∠ ゅ⇔ミ∂ キ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや ろ ͡ ミｚ キ⊥ や∠クま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ イ ∠ よ͡ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢∠ ヴ͡ィヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヘ∂ タ ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ∂ タ ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βヤ∠Α メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ - ン∠ゲ∇ミグあ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゲ⊥ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ - ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ よ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ゆ ⊥ あグバ∠ Α⊥ Ι ｚ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ プ∠ - ヴ͡ゎゅ∠Βエ ∠ ャ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ョｚギホ∠ - る⊥ レｚ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トヨ⊥ ∇ャや ザ ⊥ ∇ヘｚレャや ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ Αｚ ∠ほΑ - ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ホ∠ ゅ∠をヱ∠ ペ ⊥ を͡ ヲ⊥Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡プ ヴ͡ヤカ ⊥ ∇キゅ∠プ - る⇔ Βｚ ッ ͡ ∇ゲョｚ る⇔ Β∠ ッ ͡ や∠ケ マ ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ͡バィ ͡ ∇ケや び ヴ͡わレｚ ィ ∠ ヴ͡ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや∠ヱ - ン͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ (21. Nay! When t he eart h is flat ened, Dakkan Dakka.) (22. And your Lord comes wit h t he angels in rows.) (23. And Hell will be brought near t hat Day. On t hat Day will man remember, but how will t hat remembrance avail him) (24. He will say: "Alas! Would t hat I had sent fort h for my life!'') (25. So on t hat Day none will punish as He will punish.) (26. And none will bind as He will bind.) (27. "O t ranquil soul!'') (28. "Come back t o your Lord, -- well-pleased and well-pleasing!'') (29. "Ent er t hen among My servant s,'') (30. "And ent er My Paradise!'')

On the Day of Judgement Everyone will be recompensed according to what He did of Good or Evil Allah informs of what will happen on t he Day of Judgement of t he great horrors. He says,

びｚΚミ∠ ぴ (Nay!) meaning, t ruly.

び⇔ゅミ∂ ∠キ ゅ⇔ミ∂ キ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやろ ͡ ミｚ キ⊥ や∠クま͡ぴ (When t he eart h is flat ened, Dakkan Dakka.) meaning, t he eart h and t he mount ains will be flat t ened, leveled and made even, and t he creat ures will rise from t heir graves for t heir Lord.

び∠マよぁ ケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ (And your Lord comes) meaning, for t he session of Judgement bet ween His creat ures. This is aft er t hey request ed t he best of t he Sons of Adam -- Muhammad -- t o int ercede wit h Allah. This will occur only aft er t hey have request ed t he ot her great Messengers, one aft er anot her. Yet ,

all of t hem will say, "I cannot do t hat for you.'' This will cont inue unt il t he beseeching of t he men reaches Muhammad , and he will say, "I will do it , I will do it .'' So he will go and seek t o int ercede wit h Allah as t he session of Judgement will have come, and Allah will allow him t o int ercede for t hat (t he Judgement ). This will be t he first of t he int ercessions, and it is t he praisewort hy st at ion t hat has already been discussed in Surat Subhan (Al-Isra'). So Allah will come for t he session of Judgement as He wills, and t he angels will also come, lined up in rows upon rows before Him. Then Allah says,

び∠ユレｚ ヰ∠ イ ∠ よ͡ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢∠ ヴ͡ィヱ∠ ぴ (And Hell will be brought near t hat Day.) In his Sahih, Imam Muslim bin Al-Haj j aj recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ノ∠ ョ∠ ュ∃ ゅ∠ョコ͡ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ∇らシ ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ イ ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ » «ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヱぁゲイ ⊥ Α∠ マ ∃ ヤ∠ョ∠ ブ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ∇らシ ∠ ュゅ∠ョコ͡ あモミ⊥ (Hell will be brought on near t hat Day and it will have sevent y t housand leashes, and each leash will have sevent y t housand angels pulling it .) At -Tirmidhi also recorded t he same narrat ion. Allah said:

び⊥リ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゲ⊥ ミｚ グ∠ わ∠ Α∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (On t hat Day will man remember,) meaning, his deeds, and what he did before in his past and recent t imes.

びン∠ゲ∇ミグあ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (but how will t hat remembrance avail him) meaning, how can remembrance t hen benefit him

び ヴ͡ゎゅ∠Βエ ∠ ャ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ョｚギホ∠ ヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βヤ∠Α メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ (He will say: "Alas! Would t hat I had sent fort h for my life!'') meaning, if he was a disobedient person, he will be sorry for t he act s of disobedience he commit t ed. If he was an obedient person, he will wish t hat he performed more act s of obdedience. This is similar t o what Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal recorded from Muhammad bin Abi ` Amirah, who was one of t he Companions of t he Messenger of Allah . He said, "If a servant fell down on his face (in prost rat ion) from t he day t hat he was born unt il t he day he died as an old man, in obedience t o Allah, he would scorn t his act on t he Day of Judgement . He would wish t o be ret urned t o t his life so t hat he could earn more reward and compensat ion.'' Allah t hen says,

び ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ よ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ゆ ⊥ あグバ∠ Α⊥ Ι ｚ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ プ∠ ぴ

(So on t hat Day none will punish as He will punish.) meaning, t here is no one more severely punished t han t hose whom Allah punishes for disobeying Him.

び ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ホ∠ ゅ∠をヱ∠ ペ ⊥ を͡ ヲ⊥Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And none will bind as He will bind.) meaning, t here is no one who is more severely punished and bound t han t hose t he Az-Zabaniyah punish t he disbelievers in t heir Lord. This is for t he criminals and t he wrongdoers among t he creat ures. In reference t o t he pure and t ranquil soul - which is always at rest and abiding by t he t rut h it will be said t o it ,

び͡マよあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ͡バィ ͡ ∇ケや る⊥ レｚ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トヨ⊥ ∇ャや ザ ⊥ ∇ヘｚレャや ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ Αｚ ほ∠Αぴ (O t ranquil soul! Come back t o your Lord.) meaning, t o His company, His reward and what He has prepared for His servant s in His Paradise.

び∃るΒ∠ ッ ͡ やｚケぴ (well-pleased) meaning, wit hin it self.

び⇔るΒｚ ͡ッ∇ゲョｚ ぴ (well-pleasing.) meaning, pleased wit h Allah, and He will be pleased wit h it and grat ify it .

び ン͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ヴ͡プ ヴ͡ヤカ ⊥ ∇キゅ∠プぴ (Ent er t hen among My servant s,) meaning, among t heir ranks.

び ヴ͡わレｚ ィ ∠ ヴ͡ヤカ ⊥ ∇キや∠ヱぴ (And ent er My Paradise!) This will be said t o it at t he t ime of deat h and on t he Day of Judgement . This is like t he angels giving glad t iding t o t he believer at his t ime of deat h and when he rises from his grave. Likewise is t his st at ement here. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded from Ibn ` Abbas concerning Allah's st at ement ,

マ ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ͡バィ ͡ ∇ケや - る⊥ レｚ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トヨ⊥ ∇ャや ザ ⊥ ∇ヘｚレャや ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ Αｚ ほ∠Αぴ び る⇔ Βｚ ッ ͡ ∇ゲョｚ る⇔ Β∠ ッ ͡ や∠ケ (O t ranquil soul! Come back t o your Lord, well-pleased and well-pleasing!) He said, "This Ayah was revealed while Abu Bakr was sit t ing (wit h t he Prophet ). So he said, ` O Messenger of Allah! There is not hing bet t er t han t his!' The Prophet t hen replied,

«や∠グワ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ゅ∠ョぺ∠» (This will indeed be said t o you.)'' This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Faj r, and all praise and blessings are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Balad (Chapter - 90) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

- ギ͡ ヤ∠ら∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ モ ｘェ ͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ - ギ͡ ヤ∠ら∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ - ギ∃ ら∠ ミ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ - ギ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ギ∃ ャ͡や∠ヱヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ - ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ リｚャ ラ∠ぺ ょ ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ∠バ∇イル∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ - ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ∠ぺ ょ ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぺ∠ - や⇔ギ∠らャぁ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ョ びリ ͡ Α∠ギ∇イレｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ワ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ヘ∠ セ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ジャ͡ヱ∠ - リ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇Βハ ∠ (1. Nay! I swear by t his cit y;) (2. And you are free in t his cit y.) (3. And by t he beget t er and t hat which he begot .) (4. Verily, We have creat ed man in Kabad.) (5. Does he t hink t hat none can overcome him) (6. He says: "I have wast ed wealt h in abundance!'') (7. Does he t hink t hat none sees him) (8. Have We not made for him t wo eyes) (9. And a t ongue and t wo lips) (10. And shown him t he t wo ways)

Swearing by the Sanctity of Makkah and Other Things that Man was created in Hardship Here Allah has sworn by Makkah, t he Mot her of t he Towns, addressing it s resident (during t he non-sacred mont hs,) free in t his cit y in order t o draw his at t ent ion t o t he significance of it s sanct it y when it s people are in t he st at e of sanct it y. Khusayf report ed from Muj ahid;

び ギ͡ ヤ∠ら∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (Nay! I swear by t his cit y;) "The word "La'' (Nay) refers t o t he refut at ion against t hem (Quraish). I swear by t his cit y.'' Shabib bin Bishr narrat ed from ` Ikrimah, from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said,

び ギ͡ ヤ∠ら∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ ユ⊥ ジ ͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ (Nay! I swear by t his cit y;) "This means Makkah.'' Concerning t he Ayah:

び ギ͡ ヤ∠ら∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ モ ｘェ ͡ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ (And you are free in t his cit y.) he (Ibn ` Abbas) said, "O Muhammad! It is permissable for you t o fight in it .'' Similar was report ed from Sa` id bin Jubayr, Abu Salih, ` At iyah, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "Allah made it lawful (t o fight in) for him (t he Prophet ) for one hour of a day.'' The meaning of what t hey have said was ment ioned in a Hadit h t hat is agreed- upon as being aut hent ic. In it t he Prophet said,

れ ͡ や∠ヲヨｚジャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ョ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ ギ∠ ヤ∠ら∠ ∇ャや や∠グワ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ぶ ͡ や る͡ ョ∠ ∇ゲエ ⊥ よ͡ ∀ュや∠ゲ∠ェ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩∠チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ヶ͡ャ ∇ろヤｚェ ͡ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ロゅ∠ヤカ ∠ ヴ∠ヤわ∠ ∇ガΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ イ ∠セ ∠ ギ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ゲェ ⊥ ∇れキ∠ ゅ∠ハ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∃ケゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀る∠ハゅ∠シ «ょ͡もゅ∠ピ∇ャや ギ⊥ ワ͡ ゅｚゼャや ヒ͡ ヤあら∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∩͡ザ∇ョほ∠∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠ヰわ͡ ョ∠ ∇ゲエ ⊥ ミ∠ (Verily, Allah made t his cit y sacred on t he Day t hat He creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h. Therefore, it is sacred by t he sanct it y of Allah unt il t he Day of Judgement . It s t rees should not be uproot ed, and it s bushes and grasses should not be removed. And it was only made lawful for me (t o fight in) for one hour of a day. Today it s sanct it y has been rest ored j ust as it was sacred yest erday. So, let t he one who is present inform t hose who are absent .) In anot her wording of t his Hadit h, he said,

ラ ｚ ま͡ :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボプ∠ ぶ ͡ やメ ͡ ヲ⊥シケ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠わボ͡ よ͡ ゾ ∠ カ ｚ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ » «ユ⊥ムャ∠ ∇ラク∠ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シゲ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ ぶ ∠ や (So, if anyone t ries t o use t he fight ing of t he Messenger (t o conquer Makkah) as an excuse (t o fight t here), t hen t ell him t hat Allah permit t ed it for His Messenger and He has not permit t ed it for you.) Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ギ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ギ∃ ャ͡や∠ヱヱ∠ ぴ (And by t he beget t er and t hat which he begot .) Muj ahid, Abu Salih, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, Sufyan At h-Thawri, Sa` id bin Jubayr, As-Suddi, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Khusayf, Shurahbil bin Sa` d and ot hers have said, "Meaning, by t he beget t er, Adam, and t hat which he begot is his

children.'' This view t hat Muj ahid and his companions have chosen is good and st rong. This is support ed by t he fact t hat Allah swears by t he Mot her of t he Towns, which are dwellings. Then aft er it He swears by t he dwellers t herein, who is Adam, t he fat her of mankind, and his children. Abu ` Imran Al-Jawni said, "It refers t o Ibrahim and his progeny.'' Ibn Jarir recorded t his st at ement as did Ibn Abi Hat im. Ibn Jarir preferred t he view t hat it is general and it refers t o every fat her and his children. This meaning is also accept able. Allah t hen says,

び ギ∃ ら∠ ミ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Verily, We have creat ed man in Kabad.) Ibn Abi Naj ih and Jurayj report ed from ` At a, from Ibn ` Abbas concerning t he phrase ` in Kabad', "He was creat ed while in hardship. Don't you see him'' Then he ment ioned his birt h and t he sprout ing of his t eet h. Muj ahid said,

び∃ギら∠ ミ∠ ヴ͡プぴ (in Kabad.) "A drop of sperm, t hen a clot , t hen a lump of flesh, enduring in his creat ion.'' Muj ahid t hen said, "This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び⇔ゅワ∇ゲミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇わバ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ワ∇ゲミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ぁョぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇わヤ∠ヨ∠ ェ ∠ぴ (His mot her bears him wit h hardship. And she brings him fort h wit h hardship.) (46:15) and she breast -feeds him wit h hardship, and his livelihood is a hardship. So he endures all of t his.'' Sa` id bin Jubayr said,

び ギ∃ ら∠ ミ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Verily, We have creat ed man in Kabad.) "In hardship and seeking livelihood.'' ` Ikrimah said, "In hardship and long-suffering.'' Qat adah said, "In difficult y.'' It is report ed from Al-Hasan t hat he said, "Enduring t he hardships of t he world by life and t he severit y of t he Hereaft er.''

Man is encompassed by Allah and His Bounties Allah says,

び ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ リｚャ ラ∠ぺ ょ ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Does he t hink t hat none can overcome him) Al-Hasan Al-Basri said,

び ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ リｚャ ラ∠ぺ ょ ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Does he t hink t hat none can overcome him) "Meaning no one is able t o t ake his wealt h.'' Qat adah said,

び ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ リｚャ ラ∠ぺ ょ ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Does he t hink t hat none can overcome him) "The Son of Adam t hinks t hat he will not be asked about t his wealt h of his -- how he earned and how he spent it .'' Allah said:

び や⇔ギ∠らャぁ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ョ ろ ⊥ ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ (He says: "I have wast ed wealt h in abundance!'') This means, t he Son of Adam says, "I spent an abundance of wealt h.'' Muj ahid, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, As-Suddi and ot hers have said t his.

び ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ ラ∠ぺ ょ ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Does he t hink t hat none sees him) Muj ahid said, "Does he t hink t hat Allah, t he Might y and Maj est ic, does not see him.'' Ot hers among t he Salaf have said similar t o t his. Allah said;

びリ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇Βハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚャ モ∠バ∇イル∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Have We not made for him t wo eyes) meaning, for him t o see wit h t hem.

び⇔ゅルゅ∠ジャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And a t ongue) meaning, for him t o speak wit h, and so t hat he can express t hat which is inside of him.

び͡リ∇Βわ∠ ヘ∠ セ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t wo lips) In order t o help him wit h speaking, eat ing food, and beaut ifying his face and his mout h.

The Ability to distinguish between Good and Evil is also a Blessing

びリ ͡ Α∠ギ∇イレｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Α∠ギ∠ワ∠ヱぴ (And shown him t he t wo ways) This refers t o t he t wo pat hs. Sufyan At h-Thawri narrat ed from ` Asim, from Zirr, from ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud t hat he said,

びリ ͡ Α∠ギ∇イレｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Α∠ギ∠ワ∠ヱぴ

(And shown him t he t wo ways) "The good and t he evil.'' Similar t o t his has been report ed from ` Ali, Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Abu Wa'il, Abu Salih, Muhammad bin Ka` b, Ad-Dahhak, and ` At a' Al-Khurasani among ot hers. Similar t o t his Ayah is Allah's st at ement ,

͡ヮΒ͡ヤ∠わ∇らルｚ ァ ∃ ゅ∠ゼ∇ョぺ∠ る∃ ヘ∠ ∇トルぁ リ͡ョ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ゅｚルま͡ぴ ゅｚョ͡ま モ ∠ Β͡らジ ｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ワ∠ ゅｚル͡ま - や⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘミ∠ ゅｚョま͡ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ͡ミゅ∠セ (Verily, We have creat ed man from Nut fah Amshaj , in order t o t ry him: so We made him hearer and seer. Verily, We showed him t he way, whet her he be grat eful or ungrat eful.) (76:2-3)

マ ぁ プ∠ - る⊥ ら∠ ボ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ - る∠ ら∠ ボ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ エ ∠ わ∠ ホや Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ や∠ク ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡わΑ∠ - る∃ ら∠ ピ∠ ∇ジョ∠ ン͡ク ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ͡プ ∀ュゅ∠バ∇デま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ - る∃ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ｚユを⊥ - る∃ よ∠ ゲ∠ ∇わョ∠ や∠ク ゅ⇔レΒ͡ム∇ジョ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ - る∃ よ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ボョ∠ - る͡ ヨ∠ ェ ∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇や∇ヲタ ∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇らダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ∇や∇ヲタ ∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒Α∠ ゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - る͡ レ∠ ヨ∠ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ び り⊥ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ぽョぁ ∀ケゅ∠ル ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ - る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ (11. But he has not at t empt ed t o pass on t he pat h t hat is st eep.) (12. And what will make you know t he pat h t hat is st eep) (13. Freeing a neck) (14. Or giving food in a day full of Masghabah,) (15. To an orphan near of kin.) (16. Or t o a Miskin cleaving t o dust .) (17. Then he became one of t hose who believed and recommended one anot her t o pat ience, and recommended one anot her t o compassion.) (18. They are t hose on t he Right ,) (19. But t hose who disbelieved in Our Ayat , t hey are t hose on t he Left .) (20. Upon t hem Fire will Mu'sadah.)

The Encouragement to traverse upon the Path of Goodness Ibn Zayd said,

び る∠ ら∠ ボ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ エ ∠ わ∠ ホや Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (But he has not at t empt ed t o pass on t he pat h t hat is st eep.) "This means, will he not t raverse upon t he pat h which cont ains salvat ion and good Then He explains t his pat h by his saying,

び∀ュゅ∠バ∇デま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ マ ぁ プ∠ - る⊥ ら∠ ボ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And what will make you know t he pat h t hat is st eep Freeing a neck, or giving food.)'' Imam Ahmad recorded from Sa` id bin Marj anah t hat he heard Abu Hurayrah saying t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∇ヵぺ∠ ゆ ∃ ∇ケま͡ あモム⊥ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ やペ ∠ わ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ョ͡ ぽ⊥ョ る⇔ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ペ ∠ わ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ペ ⊥ わ͡ ∇バΒ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ⇔よ∇ケま͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヲ∃ ∇ツハ ⊥ «ァ∇ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや ァ ͡ ∇ゲヘ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ∩∠モ∇ィゲあ ャや モ ͡ ∇ィゲあ ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ∩∠ギΒ∠ ∇ャや ギ͡ Β∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ (Whoever frees a believing slave, Allah will free for every limb (of t he slave) one of his limbs from t he Fire. This is t o such an ext ent t hat He (Allah) will free a hand for a hand, a leg for a leg, and a privat e part for a privat e part .) ` Ali bin Al-Husayn t hen said (t o Sa` id), "Did you hear t his from Abu Hurayrah'' Sa` id replied, "Yes.'' Then ` Ali bin Al-Husayn said t o a slave boy t hat he owned who was t he swift est of his servant s, "Call Mut arrif!'' So when t he slave was brought before him he said, "Go, for you are free for t he Face of Allah.'' Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, all recorded t his Hadit h from Sa` id bin Marj anah. Imam Ahmad recorded from ` Amr bin ` Abasah t hat t he Prophet said,

ゅ⇔わ∇Βよ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ヤャや ヴ∠レよ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ヮ⊥ ∇ヤャや ゲ∠ ミ∠ ∇グΒ⊥ ャ͡ や⇔ギイ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ ヴ∠レよ∠ ∇リョ∠ » ヮ⊥ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ギプ͡ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ る⇔ ヨ∠ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ペ ∠ わ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ュ͡ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや ヶ͡プ る⇔ ら∠ ∇Βセ ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠セ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇リョ͡ «る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル (Whoever builds a Masj id so t hat Allah may be remembered in it , Allah will build a house for him in Paradise; and whoever frees a Muslim person, t hen it will be his ransom from Hell; and whoever grows grey in Islam, t hen it will be a light for him on t he Day of Judgement .) According t o anot her rout e of t ransmission, Ahmad recorded from Abu Umamah, who report ed from ` Amr bin ` Abasah t hat As-Sulami said t o him, "Narrat e a Hadit h t o us t hat you heard from t he Messenger of Allah , wit hout any deficiency or mist akes.'' He (` Amr) said, "I heard him saying,

∇ラぺ∠ モ ∠ ∇らホ∠ やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ヨプ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや ヶ͡プ キ∃ ゅ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ る⊥ を∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ ャ͡ヱ⊥ ∇リョ∠ » ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ モ ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ よ͡ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ゑ ∠ ∇レエ ͡ ∇ャや やヲ⊥ピヤ⊥∇らΑ∠

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ぶ ͡ やモ ͡ Βら͡ シ ∠ ヶ͡プ る⇔ ら∠ ∇Βセ ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠セ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∇ユワ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡ ぶ ͡ やモ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ユ∇ヰジ ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ョケ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ∩∃るら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ペ ⊥ ∇わハ ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ほ∠ト ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ｚヱギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ヒ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ヲ∃ ∇ツハ ⊥ あモム⊥ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ やペ ∠ わ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ⇔る⇒∠レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ る⇔ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ペ ∠ わ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡プ リ ͡ ∇Βィ ∠ ∇ヱコ∠ ペ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ や⇔ヲ∇ツハ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇リョ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ゆ ∃ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ る∠ Β∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ヨを∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ぶ ͡ やモ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ «ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ￢∠ ゅ∠セ ゆ ∃ ゅ∠よ ヵ あ ぺ∠ (Whoever has t hree children born t o him in Islam, and t hey die before reaching t he age of pubert y, Allah will ent er him int o Paradise by virt ue of His mercy t o t hem. And whoever grows gray in t he way of Allah (fight ing Jihad), t hen it will be a light for him on t he Day of Judgement . And whoever shoot s an arrow in t he way of Allah (fight ing Jihad) t hat reaches t he enemy, whet her it hit s or misses, he will get t he reward of freeing a slave. And whoever frees a believing slave, t hen Allah will free each of his limbs from t he Fire for every limb t hat t he slave has. And whoever equipped t wo riding animals in t he way of Allah (for fight ing Jihad), t hen indeed Paradise has eight gat es, and Allah will allow him t o ent er any of t hem he choses.)'' Ahmad recorded t his Hadit h from different rout es of t ransmission t hat are good and st rong, and all praise is due t o Allah.Allah said,

び る∃ ら∠ ピ∠ ∇ジョ∠ ン͡ク ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ͡プ ュ∀ ゅ∠バ∇デま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or giving food in a day full of Masghabah,) Ibn ` Abbas said, "Of hunger.'' ` Ikrimah, Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak, Qat adah and ot hers all said t he same. The word ` Saghb' means hunger. Then Allah says,

び⇔ゅヨΒ͡わ∠Αぴ (To an orphan) meaning, he gives food on a day like t his t o an orphan.

び∃るよ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ボョ∠ や∠クぴ (near of kin.) meaning, who is relat ed t o him. Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Ad-Dahhak and As-Suddi all said t his. This is similar t o what was relat ed in a Hadit h t hat was collect ed by Imam Ahmad on t he aut horit y of Salman bin ` Amir who said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah say,

ユ͡ ェ ͡ ゲｚ ャや ヵ͡ク ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ る∀ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ リ ͡ Β͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る⊥ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ ｚ ャや» «る∠ヤタ ͡ ヱ∠ る∀ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ :ラ ͡ ゅ∠わレ∠ ∇をや (Charit y given t o t he poor person is count ed as one charit y, while if it is given t o a relat ive it is count ed as t wo: charit y and connect ing t he t ies (of kinship).) At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i bot h recorded t his Hadit h and it s chain of narrat ion is aut hent ic. Then Allah says,

び る∃ よ∠ ゲ∠ ∇わョ∠ や∠ク ゅ⇔レΒ͡ム∇ジョ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or t o a Miskin cleaving t o dust (Dha Mat rabah).) meaning, poor, miserable, and clinging t o t he dirt . It means t hose who are in a st at e of dest it ut ion. Ibn ` Abbas said, "Dha Mat rabah is t hat who is dej ect ed in t he st reet and who has no house or anyt hing else t o prot ect him against t he dirt .'' Allah said;

び∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then he became one of t hose who believed) meaning, t hen, along wit h t hese beaut iful and pure charact erist ics, he was a believer in his heart , seeking t he reward of t hat from Allah. This is as Allah says,

∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ∠ ∇バシ ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ヴ∠バシ ∠ ヱ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ や キ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥ム∇ゼョｚ ユ⊥ヰΒ⊥ ∇バシ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ほプ∠ (And whoever desires t he Hereaft er and st rives for it , wit h t he necessary effort due for it while he is believer, t hen such are t he ones whose st riving shall be appreciat ed.) (17:19) Allah also says,

び∀リョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ん∇ルぺ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ミ∠ ク∠ リあョ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ぴ (Whoever works right eousness -- whet her male or female -- while being a t rue believer....) (16:97) Allah says,

び͡るヨ∠ ェ ∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇や∇ヲタ ∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇らダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ∇や∇ヲ∠タや∠ヲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ (and recommended one anot her t o pat ience, and recommended one anot her t o compassion.) meaning, he was from t he believers who worked right eous deeds, and advised each ot her t o be pat ient wit h t he harms of t he people, and t o be merciful wit h t hem. This is similar t o what has been relat ed in t he noble Hadit h,

ヶ͡プ ∇リョ∠ やヲ⊥ヨェ ∠ ∇ケや ∩⊥リヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨェ ͡ やｚゲャや» «￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ∇リョ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや (The merciful people will be t reat ed wit h mercy by t he Most Merciful (Allah). Be merciful t o t hose who are on t he eart h and He Who is above t he heavens will be merciful t o you.) In anot her Hadit h he said,

«サゅｚレャや ユ͡ ェ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇リョ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ユ⊥ ェ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» (Allah will not be merciful wit h whoever is not merciful wit h t he people.) Abu Dawud recorded from ` Abdullah bin ` Amr t hat he narrat ed (from t he Prophet ),

ゅ∠ルゲ͡ Β͡らミ∠ ペ ｚェ ∠ ∇フゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ∠ Β͡ピタ ∠ ∇ユェ ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ゅｚレ͡ョ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ (Whoever does not show mercy t o our children, nor does he recognize t he right of our elders, t hen he is not of us.) Then Allah says,

び る͡ レ∠ ヨ∠ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (They are t hose on t he Right ,) meaning, t hose who have t hese charact erist ics are t he companions of t he Right Hand.

The Companions of the Left Hand and Their Recompense Then Allah says,

び る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャや ょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ (But t hose who disbelieved in Our Ayat , t hey are t hose on t he Left .) meaning, t he companions of t he Left Hand.

び り⊥ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ぽョぁ ∀ケゅ∠ル ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ぴ (Upon t hem Fire will Mu'sadah.) meaning, it will be sealed over t hem and t here will be no way for t hem t o avoid it , nor will t hey have any way out . Abu Hurayrah, Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Muj ahid, Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi, ` At iyah Al-` Awfi, Al-Hasan, Qat adah and As-Suddi, all said,

び⊥り∠ギ∠タ∇ぽョぁ ぴ (Mu'sadah.) "This means shut .'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "It s doors will be closed.'' Ad-Dahhak said,

び⊥り∠ギ∠タ∇ぽョぁ ぴ (Mu'sadah.) "It will be sealed over t hem and it will have no door.'' Qat adah said,

び⊥り∠ギ∠タ∇ぽョぁ ぴ (Mu'sadah.) "It will be shut and t here will be no light in it , no crevice (escape), and no way out of it forever.'' This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Balad, and all praise and blessings are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surah Wash-Shams wa Duhah (Chapter - 91) Which was revealed in Makkah Recit at ion of Surah Ash-Shams wa Duhaha in t he ` Isha' Prayer The Hadit h of Jabir which was recorded in t he Two Sahihs has already been ment ioned. In it t he Messenger of Allah said t o Mu` adh,

⇒⇒͡よ ろ ∠ ∇Βヤｚタ ∠ ゅｚヤワ∠ » び ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ∂ やマ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ∠ ∇シや ウ ͡ らあ シ ∠ぴ び ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠エッ ⊥ ヱ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ «び ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱぴ (Why didn't you pray wit h (t he recit at ion of) (Glorify t he Name of your Lord t he Most High) (87), (By t he sun and Duhaha) (91), and (By t he night as it envelops) (92))

ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

͡ケゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ -ゅ∠ヰ⇒ヤ∠ゎ や∠クま͡ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ -ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠エッ ⊥ ヱ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ -ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ￢べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱ -ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱ -ゅ∠ヰ⇒ｚヤィ ∠ や∠クま͡ -ゅ∠ワやｚヲシ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ヱ∠ -ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠エデ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケ∇Ιや∠ヱ -ゅ∠ヰ⇒ｚミコ∠ リ∠ョ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ -ゅ∠ワや∠ヲ∇ボゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワケ∠ ヲ⊥イプ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヨ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ャほ∠プ∠ び-ゅ∠ヰ⇒ｚシキ∠ リ∠ョ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠カ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ (1. By t he sun and Duhaha.) (2. By t he moon as it Talaha.) (3. By t he day as it Jallaha.) (4. By t he night as it Yaghshaha.) (5. By t he heaven and Ma Banaha.) (6. By t he eart h and Ma Tahhaha.) (7. By Nafs, and Ma Sawwaha (Who apport ioned it ).) (8. Then He showed it it s Fuj ur and it s Taqwa.) (9. Indeed he succeeds who purifies it .) (10. And indeed he fails who Dassaha.)

Allah swears by His Creation that the Person Who purifies Himself will be Successful and the Person Who corrupts Himself will fail Muj ahid said,

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠エッ ⊥ ヱ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (By t he sun and Duhaha.) "This means, by it s light .'' Qat adah said,

びゅ∠ヰ⇒∠エッ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (wa Duhaha.) "The whole day.'' Ibn Jarir said, "The correct view is what has been said, ` Allah swears by t he sun and it s dayt ime, because t he clear light of t he sun is dayt ime.'''

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒ヤ∠ゎ や∠クま͡ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (By t he moon as it Talaha.) Muj ahid said, "It follows it (t he sun).'' Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said,

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒ヤ∠ゎ や∠クま͡ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ (By t he moon as it Talaha.) "It follows t he day.'' Qat adah said, "` as it Talaha (follows it )' is referring t o t he night of t he Hilal (t he new crescent moon). When t he sun goes down, t he Hilal is visible.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒ｚヤィ ∠ や∠クま͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (By t he day as it Jallaha.) Muj ahid said, "When it illuminat es.'' Thus, Muj ahid said,

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒ｚヤィ ∠ や∠クま͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (By t he day as it Jallaha.) "This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び ヴｚヤイ ∠ ゎ∠ や∠クま͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (By t he day as it Taj alla.) (92:2)'' And t hey have said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱぴ (By t he night as it Yaghshaha.) meaning, when it covers t he sun, which t akes place when sun disappears and t he horizons become dark. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (By t he heaven and Ma Banaha.) The meaning here could be for descript ive purposes, meaning "By t he heaven and it s const ruct ion.'' This was said by Qat adah. It could also mean "By t he heaven and it s Const ruct or.'' This was st at ed by Muj ahid. Bot h views are int errelat ed, and const ruct ion means raising. This is as Allah says,

び∃ギ∇Αほ∠よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βレ∠ よ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (Wit h Hands did We const ruct t he heaven.) (51:47) meaning, wit h st rengt h.

チ ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バシ ͡ ヲ⊥ヨャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ギ∃ ∇Αほ∠よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇Βレ∠ よ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇バレ͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇セゲ∠ プ∠ (Verily, We are able t o ext end t he vast ness of space t hereof. And We have spread out t he eart h: how excellent a spreader are We!) (51:47-48) This is also similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠エデ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱぴ (By t he eart h and Ma Tahaha.) Muj ahid said, "Tahaha means He spread it out .'' Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said,

びゅ∠ヰ⇒∠エデ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and Ma Tahaha.) "This means what He creat ed in it .'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "Tahaha means t hat He proport ioned it .'' Muj ahid, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, As-Suddi, At h-Thawri, Abu Salih and Ibn Zayd all said t hat

びゅ∠ヰ⇒∠エデ ∠ぴ (Tahaha) means, He spread it out . Allah t hen says,

び ゅ∠ワやｚヲシ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (By Nafs, and Ma Sawwaha (Who apport ioned it ).) meaning, He creat ed it sound and wellproport ioned upon t he correct nat ure (Al-Fit rah). This is as Allah says,

ゲ∠ ト ∠ プ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや り∠ ゲ∠ ∇トプ͡ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ リ ͡ Αあギヤ͡ャ マ ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ∇ユホ͡ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ び͡ヮヤｚャや ペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ャ͡ モ ∠ Α͡ギ∇らゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや (So set you your face t owards t he religion, Hanif. Allah's Fit rah wit h which He has creat ed mankind. No change let t here be in t he Khalqillah.) (30:30) The Messenger of Allah said,

∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ や∠キヲあ ヰ∠ Α⊥ ロ⊥ や∠ヲよ∠ ほ∠プ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇トヘ͡ ∇ャや ヴヤ∠ハ ギ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥Α キ∃ ヲ⊥ャ∇ヲョ∠ ぁモミ⊥ » る⇔ ヨ∠ Β͡ヰよ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ Β͡ヰら∠ ∇ャや ギ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∩͡ヮル͡ ゅ∠ジイ あ ヨ∠ Α⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ や∠ゲダ あ レ∠ Α⊥ «∨∠￢ゅ∠ハ∇ギィ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲぁジエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ∩∠￢ゅ∠バ∇ヨィ ∠ (Every child t hat is born, is born upon t he Fit rah, but his parent s make him a Jew, a Christ ian, or a Zoroast rian. This is j ust as t he animal is born, complet e wit h all of it s part s. Do you not ice any mut ilat ion in it ) Bot h Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t his Hadit h from Abu Hurayrah. In Sahih Muslim, it has been narrat ed from ` Iyad bin Himar Al-Muj ashi` i t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

￢∠ ゅ∠ヘレ∠ ェ ⊥ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ ∠ ヶあルま͡ :モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » «ユ͡ヰレ͡ Α͡キ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わャ∠ゅ∠わ∇ィゅ∠プ リ ⊥ Β͡デゅ∠Βゼ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ ゅ∠イプ∠ (Allah t he Might y and Maj est ic says, "Verily I creat ed My servant s Hunafa' (as monot heist s), but t hen t he devils came t o t hem and dist ract ed t hem from t heir religion.)'' Then Allah says,

び ゅ∠ワや∠ヲ∇ボゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワケ∠ ヲ⊥イプ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヨ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ャほ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then He showed it it s Fuj ur and it s Taqwa.) meaning, He showed him t o his t ransgression and his Taqwa. This means t hat He clarified t hat for it and He guided it t o what has been ordained for him. Ibn ` Abbas said,

び ゅ∠ワや∠ヲ∇ボゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワケ∠ ヲ⊥イプ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヨ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ャほ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then He showed it it s Fuj ur and it s Taqwa.) "He explained t he good and t he evil t o it (t he soul).'' Muj ahid, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak and At h-Thawri all said t he same. Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "He gave him inspirat ion (t o see what was) good and evil.'' Ibn Zayd said, "He made it s Fuj ur and it s Taqwa inside of it .'' Ibn Jarir recorded from Abul-Aswad Ad-Dili t hat he said, "` Imran bin Husayn said t o me, ` Do you t hink t hat what t he people do, and what t hey st rive for is a t hing t hat is pre-ordained and predest ined for t hem, or is it a t hing which is only writ t en aft er t he Message comes t o t hem from t he Prophet , when t here will be an evidence against t hem' I said, ` Rat her it is somet hing preordained upon t hem.' Then he said, ` Is t hat an inj ust ice' Then I became ext remely fright ened of him (due t o what he was saying), and I said t o him, ` There is not hing except t hat He (Allah) creat ed it and possesses it in His Hand. He is not asked about what He does, while t hey (His creat ion) will be asked.' He (` Imran) t hen said, ` May Allah guide you! I only asked you about t hat in order t o inform you t hat a man from Muzaynah or Juhaynah t ribe came t o t he Allah's Messenger and asked him: "O Messenger of Allah! Do you consider t he act ions of mankind and t heir st ruggles t o be preordained for t hem and writ t en for t hem from Qadr, or somet hing writ t en for t hem only aft er t he Message came t o t hem from t heir Prophet , when t here will be an evidence against t hem'' He (t he Prophet ) replied:

«ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヶ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ∀￢∇ヶ∠セ ∇モよ∠ » (Rat her it is somet hing preordained for t hem.) So t he man said, "Then what is t he point of our act ions'' The Prophet replied,

∩ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ヮ⊥ ゃ⊥ あΒヰ∠ Α⊥ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ャ∠ゴ͡ ∇レヨ∠ ∇ャや ン∠ギ∇ェΗ ͡ ヮ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ » :ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ͡ やゆ ͡ ゅ∠わミ͡ ヶ͡プ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ペ ⊥ Α͡ギ∇ダゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワや∠ヲ∇ボゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワケ∠ ヲ⊥イプ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヨ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ャほ∠プ∠ - ゅ∠ワやｚヲシ ∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ «び (Whoever Allah creat ed for one of t he t wo posit ions (Paradise or Hell), He makes it easy for him (t o at t ain). The proof of t hat is in t he Book of Allah (By Nafs, and Ma Sawwaha (Who apport ioned it ). Then He showed it it s Fuj ur and it s Taqwa).)'' Ahmad and Muslim bot h recorded t his Hadit h. Allah t hen says,

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒ｚシキ∠ リ∠ョ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠カ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒ｚミコ∠ リ∠ョ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ (Indeed he succeeds who purifies it . And indeed he fails who Dassaha.) This could mean t hat whoever purifies himself by obedience t o Allah, t hen he will be successful. This is as Qat adah said, "He cleanses it from t he lowly and despicable charact erist ics.'' Similar t o t his has been report ed from Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah and Sa` id bin Jubayr.

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒ｚシキ∠ リ∠ョ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠カ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed he fails who Dassaha.) meaning, t o conceal it . This means t hat he makes it dull, and he disregards it by neglect ing t o allow it t o receive guidance. He t reat s it in t his manner unt il he performs act s of disobedience and he abandons obedience of Allah. It also could mean t hat he is indeed successful whose soul Allah purifies, and he has failed whose soul Allah corrupt s. This is like what was report ed by Al-` Awfi and ` Ali bin Abi Talhah from Ibn ` Abbas. At -Tabarani recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah used t o st op whenever he recit ed t his Ayah,

び ゅ∠ワや∠ヲ∇ボゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワケ∠ ヲ⊥イプ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヨ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ャほ∠プ∠ - ゅ∠ワやｚヲシ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (By Nafs, and Ma Sawwaha (Who apport ioned it ). Then He showed it it s Fuj ur and it s Taqwa.) Then he would say,

∩ゅ∠ワゅ∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワや∠ヲ∇ボゎ∠ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ れ ͡ へ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや» «ゅ∠ワゅｚミコ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヱ∠ (O Allah! Give my soul it s good. You are it s Guardian and Mast er, and t he best t o purify it .)'' Anot her Hadit h Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Zayd bin Arqam said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ュ͡ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩͡モジ ∠ ム∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゴ∇イバ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや» ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ れ ͡ へ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや .ゲ͡ ∇らボ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ͡ や∠グハ ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇ガら⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ リ ͡ ∇らイ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ゅ∠ヰΒぁ ャ͡ヱ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワゅミｚ コ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰミあ コ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワや∠ヲ∇ボゎ∠ ∩⊥ノゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ょ ∃ ∇ヤホ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや .ゅ∠ワゅ∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ャ り∃ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ノヘ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ノら∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ «ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠イわ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥

(O Allah! Verily, I seek refuge wit h You from weakness, laziness, senilit y (of old age), cowardliness, st inginess and t he t orment of t he grave. O Allah! Give my soul it s good and purify it , for You are t he best t o purify it . You are it s Guardian and Mast er. O Allah! Verily, I seek refuge wit h You from a heart t hat is not humble, a soul t hat is not sat isfied, knowledge t hat does not benefit and a supplicat ion t hat is not answered.) Zayd t hen said, "The Messenger of Allah used t o t each us t hese (words) and we now t each t hem t o you.'' Muslim also recorded t his Hadit h.

メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ボ∇セぺ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ ルや ク͡ ま͡ - べ∠ワや∠ヲ∇ピト ∠ よ͡ キ⊥ ヲヨ⊥ を∠ ∇ろよ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ぴ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よグｚ ム∠ プ∠ - ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠Β∇ボシ ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや る∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ル ヮ͡ ヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ∠ワやｚヲジ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ら͡ ル∠グよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ∠ ギ∇ョギ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥ゲボ∠ バ∠ プ∠ び ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ら∇ボハ ⊥ フ ⊥ ゅ∠ガΑ∠ (11. Thamud denied t hrough t heir t rans- gression.) (12. When t heir most wicked went fort h.) (13. But t he Messenger of Allah said t o t hem: "Be caut ious! That is t he she-camel of Allah! (Do not harm it ) and (bar it not from having) it s drink!'') (14. Then t hey denied him and t hey killed it . So t heir Lord dest royed t hem because of t heir sin, Fasawwaha!) (15. And He feared not t he consequences t hereof.)

The Rejection of Thamud and Allah's Destruction of Them Allah informs t hat Thamud rej ect ed t heir Messenger because of t he inj ust ice and t ransgression t hey pract iced. This was said by Muj ahid, Qat adah and ot hers. Therefore, t his result ed in a rej ect ion in t heir heart s for t he guidance and convict ion t heir Messenger came t o t hem wit h.

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ボ∇セぺ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ ルや ク͡ ま͡ぴ (When t heir most wicked went fort h.) meaning, t he most wicked person of t he t ribe, and he was Qudar bin Salif, t he one who killed t he she-camel. He was leader of t he t ribe of Thamud, and he is t he one whom Allah refers t o in His saying,

び ゲ∠ ボ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ヴ∠デゅ∠バわ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら∠ エ ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇や∇ヱキ∠ ゅ∠レプ∠ ぴ (But t hey called t heir comrade and he t ook (a sword) and killed (her).) (54:29) This man was might y and respect ed among his people. He was of noble lineage and a leader who was obeyed. This is j ust as Imam Ahmad recorded from ` Abdullah bin Zam` ah. He said t hat t he Messenger of Allah gave a sermon in which he ment ioned t he she-camel and he ment ioned t he man who killed her. Then he said,

び ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ボ∇セぺ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ ルや ク͡ ま͡ぴ»

ヮ͡ ト ͡ ∇ワケ∠ ヶ∠プ ∀ノΒ͡レョ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ∀ュ͡ケゅ∠ハ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ ∇ルや «る∠バ∇ョコ∠ ヶ͡よぺ∠ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ((When t heir most wicked went fort h.)( A st rong and might y man who was invincible among his t ribe, like Abu Zam` ah, went fort h t o her.) This Hadit h was recorded by Al-Bukhari in his Book of Tafsir, and Muslim in his Book of t he Descript ion of t he Hellfire. At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i bot h recorded it in t heir Sunans in t heir Books of Tafsir.

The Story of Salih's She-Camel Allah t hen says,

び͡ヮヤｚャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ (But t he Messenger of Allah said t o t hem) referring t o Salih.

び͡ヮヤｚャや る⊥ ホ∠ ゅ∠ルぴ (That is t he she-camel of Allah!) meaning, ` beware of t ouching t he she-camel of Allah wit h any harm.'

びゅ∠ヰ⇒∠Β∇ボシ ⊥ ∠ヱぴ (and it s drink!) meaning, ` do not t ransgress against her in her drinking, for she has been allocat ed a day t o drink and you have been allocat ed a day t o drink, as is known t o you.' Then Allah says,

びゅ∠ワヱ⊥ゲボ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よグｚ ∠ム∠プぴ (Then t hey denied him and t hey killed it .) which means t hey rej ect ed what he came wit h. This result ed in t hem killing t he she-camel t hat Allah had brought out of t he rock as a sign for t hem and a proof against t hem.

び∇ユヰ͡ ら͡ ル∠グよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁ ケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ∠ ギ∇ョギ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So t heir Lord dest royed t hem because of t heir sin,) meaning, He became angry wit h t hem and He annihilat ed t hem.

びゅ∠ワやｚヲジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ

(Fasawwaha!) meaning, He made t he punishment descend upon t hem all equally. Qat adah said, "It has reached us t hat t he leader of t ribe of Thamud did not kill t he she-camel unt il t heir yout h, t heir elderly, t heir males and t heir females all pledged allegiance t o him. So when t he people cooperat ed in killing her, Allah dest royed t hem all wit h t he same punishment due t o t heir sin.'' Allah said,

び⊥フゅ∠ガΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He feared not ) it has also been recit ed as (ゅ∠ヤプ∠ フ ⊥ ゅ∠ガΑ∠ ) (So He feared not )

びゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ら∇ボハ ⊥ぴ (t he consequences t hereof.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "Allah does not fear any consequences from anyone else.'' Muj ahid, Al-Hasan, Bakr bin ` Abdullah Al-Muzani and ot hers all said t he same. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Ash-Shams, and all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Layl (Chapter - 92) Which was revealed in Makkah The Recitation of Surat Al-Layl in the ` Isha' Prayer The st at ement of t he Prophet t o Mu` adh has already preceded, where he said,

ゆろ ∠ ∇Βヤｚタ ∠ ゅｚヤヰ∠ プ∠ » び ヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ∂ やマ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ∠ ∇シや ウ ͡ らあ シ ∠ぴ び ゅヰ∠ ⇒∠エッ ⊥ ヱ∠ ザ ͡ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱぴ «びヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱぴ (Why did you not pray wit h (t he recit at ion of) (Glorify t he Name of your Lord t he Most High) (87), and (By t he sun and Duhaha) (91), and (By t he night as it envelops) (92))

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ヴｚヤイ ∠ ゎ∠ や∠クま͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ - ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱぴ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ - ヴｚわゼ ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β∠ ∇バシ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ヴ∠んルｙΙや∠ヱ ゲ∠ ミ∠ グｚ ャや ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ あジΒ∠ レ⊥ ジ ∠ プ∠ - ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ベ ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ - ヴ∠ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ヴ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ - ヴ∠レ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ モ ∠ガ ͡ よ∠ リ∠ョ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ - ン∠ゲ∇ジΒ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ン∠ゲ∇ジバ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ あジΒ∠ レ⊥ ジ ∠ プ∠ - ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ び ンｚキゲ∠ ゎ∠ や∠クま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ョ (1. By t he night as it envelops.) (2. By t he day as it appears.) (3. By Him Who creat ed male and female.) (4. Cert ainly, your effort s and deeds are diverse.) (5. As for him who gives and has Taqwa,) (6. And believes in Al-Husna.) (7. We will make smoot h for him t he pat h of ease.) (8. But he who is greedy and t hinks himself self-sufficient ,) (9. And denies Al-Husna.) (10. We will make smoot h for him t he pat h t o evil.) (11. And what will his wealt h avail him when he goes down (in dest ruct ion))

Swearing by the Diversity of Mankind in Their Efforts and informing of the Different Results of that Allah swears by saying:

びヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ や∠ク͡み∠ヤ∇Βヤｚ∇ャやぴ (By t he night as it envelops.) meaning, when it covers t he creat ion wit h it s darkness.

び ヴｚヤイ ∠ ゎ∠ や∠クま͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (By t he day as it appears.) meaning, wit h it s light and it s radiance.

び ヴ∠んルｙΙや∠ヱ ゲ∠ ミ∠ グｚ ャや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (By Him Who creat ed male and female.) This is similar t o Allah's saying,

び ゅ⇔ィ∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ∠ヱぴ (And We have creat ed you in pairs.) (78:8) It is also similar t o saying,

び͡リ∇Βィ ∠ ∇ヱコ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (And of everyt hing We have creat ed pairs.) (51:49) And j ust as t hese t hings t hat are being sworn by are opposit es, likewise t hat which t his swearing is about are opposing t hings. This is why Allah says,

び ヴｚわゼ ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β∠ ∇バシ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Cert ainly, your effort s and deeds are diverse. ) meaning, t he act ions of t he servant s t hat t hey have performed are also opposit es and diverse. Therefore, t here are t hose who do good and t here are t hose who do evil. Allah t hen says,

び ヴ∠ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ヴ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ (As for him who gives and has Taqwa.) meaning, he gives what he has been commanded t o give and he fears Allah in his affairs.

び ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ベ ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And believes in Al-Husna.) meaning, in t he compensat ion for t hat . This was said by Qat adah. Khusayf said, "In t he reward.'' Then Allah says,

び ン∠ゲ∇ジΒ⊥ ∇ヤ͡ャ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ あジΒ∠ レ⊥ ジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (We will make smoot h for him t he pat h of ease.) Ibn ` Abbas said, "Meaning for goodness.'' Thus, Allah says,

び∠モガ ͡ よ∠ リ∠ョ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (But he who is greedy) meaning, wit h t hat which he has.

びヴ∠レ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ (and t hinks himself self-sufficient ,) ` Ikrimah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "This means he is st ingy wit h his wealt h and considers himself t o be in no need of his Lord, t he Might y and Maj est ic.'' This was recorded by Ibn Abi Hat im.

び ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And denies Al-Husna.) meaning, t he recompense in t he abode of t he Hereaft er.

び ン∠ゲ∇ジバ⊥ ∇ヤ͡ャ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ あジΒ∠ レ⊥ ジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (We will make smoot h for him t he pat h t o evil.) meaning, t he pat h of evil. This is as Allah says,

ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ダ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プぺ∠ ょ ⊥ あヤボ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ グ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ゲｚ ョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚ ぺ∠ (And We shall t urn t heir heart s and t heir eyes away, as t hey refused t o believe t herein for t he first t ime, and We shall leave t hem in t heir t respass t o wander blindly.) (6:110) And t here are many Ayat wit h t his meaning, proving t hat Allah rewards t hose who int end good wit h success, while whoever int ends evil is abandoned, and all of t his is in accordance wit h a preordained decree. There are also many Hadit hs t hat prove t his.

The Narration of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Bakr t hat he said t o t he Messenger of Allah , "O Messenger of Allah! Do we act according t o what has already been decided, or is t he mat t er j ust beginning (i.e., st ill undecided)'' He replied,

«ヮ∇レョ͡ パ ∠ ゲ͡ プ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モよ∠ » (Indeed it is according t o what has already been decided.) Then Abu Bakr said, "Then what (good) are deeds, O Messenger of Allah'' He replied,

«ヮ∠ャ ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∀ゲジ ｚ ∠Βョ⊥ モ ｘ ミ⊥ » (Everyone will find it easy t o do such deeds t hat will lead him t o what he was creat ed for.)

The Narration of ` Ali Al-Bukhari recorded from ` Ali bin Abi Talib t hat t hey (t he Companions) were wit h t he Messenger of Allah at t he cemet ery of Baqi` Al-Gharqad for a funeral, when t he Prophet said,

る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ボョ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» «ケゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ボョ∠ ヱ∠ (There is none among you except t hat his place has already been writ t en, a seat in Paradise and a seat in t he Hellfire.) They said, "O Messenger of Allah! Should we depend on t his'' He replied,

«ヮ∠ャ ペ ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∀ゲジ ｚ ∠Βョ⊥ モ ｘ ム⊥ プ∠ ∩ やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハや» (Perform deeds for everyone will have t he deeds of what he was creat ed for (Paradise or Hell) made easy for him.) Then he recit ed t he Ayah

- ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ベ ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ - ヴ∠ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ヴ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ び ン∠ゲ∇ジΒ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ あジΒ∠ レ⊥ ジ ∠ プ∠ (As for him who gives and has Taqwa, and believes in Al-Husna. We will make smoot h for him t he pat h of ease.)'' unt il t he Ayah:

びン∠ゲ∇ジバ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ぴ (t he pat h t o evil) He (Imam Al-Bukhari) also recorded anot her similar narrat ion from ` Ali bin Abi Talib in which he said, "We were at a funeral in t he cemet ery of Baqi` Al-Gharqad when t he Messenger of Allah came and sat down. So we came and sat around him and he had a st ick wit h him. Then he bowed his head and he began t o scrat ch t he ground wit h his st ick. He t hen said,

ゅｚャま͡ る∃ シ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇レョ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» る⇔ Βｚ ボ͡ セ ∠ ∇ろら∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ゅｚャま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡ケゅｚレャや∠ヱ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ムョ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ «り∠ギΒ͡バシ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ (There is not anyone among you -- or is not a single soul (t hat has been creat ed) -- except t hat his place has been writ t en in Paradise or in t he Fire, and it has been writ t en t hat he will be miserable or happy.) A man said, "O Messenger of Allah! Should we j ust depend on what has been writ t en for us and give up performing deeds For whoever of us is of t he people of happiness t hen he will be of t he people of happiness, and whoever among us is of t he people of misery t hen he will be of t he people of misery.'' The Prophet replied,

∩͡りキ∠ ゅ∠バジ ｚ ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ͡ ヨ∠ バ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ｚ Β∠ Β⊥ プ∠ り͡ キ∠ ゅ∠バジ ｚ ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠» モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ͡ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ ｚ Β∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ボゼ ｚ ャや モ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ :ぺ∠ゲ∠ ホ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ボゼ ｚ ャや (Those people who are t he people of happiness, t hey will have t he deeds of t he people of happiness made easy for t hem. And t hose people who are t he people of misery, t hey will have t he deeds of t he people of misery made easy for t hem.) Then he recit ed t he Ayah:

- ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ベ ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ - ヴ∠ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ヴ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ び ヴ∠レ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ モ ∠ガ ͡ よ∠ リ∠ョ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ - ン∠ゲ∇ジΒ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ あジΒ∠ レ⊥ ジ ∠ プ∠ «び-ン∠ゲ∇ジバ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∂ジΒ∠ レ⊥ ジ ∠ プ∠ -ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ヱ∠ (As for him who gives and has Taqwa, and believes in Al-Husna. We will make smoot h for him t he pat h of ease (goodness). But he who is greedy and t hinks himself self-sufficient , and belies Al-Husna. We will make smoot h for him t he pat h t o evil.)) The ot her compilers of t he Group have also recorded t his Hadit h.

The Narration of ` Abdullah bin ` Umar Imam Ahmad recorded from Ibn ` Umar t hat ` Umar said, "O Messenger of Allah! Do you t hink t hat t he deeds t hat we do are a mat t er t hat is already predet ermined or are t hey somet hing j ust beginning or new'' The Prophet replied,

ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩͡ゆゅｚトガ ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇よや ゅ∠Α ∇モヨ∠ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∩⊥ヮ∇レョ͡ パ ∠ ゲ͡ プ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ» ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ り͡ キ∠ ゅ∠バジ ｚ ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ ゅョｚ ぺ∠ ∩∀ゲジ ｚ Β∠ ョ⊥ ゅ６ヤミ⊥ ￢͡ ゅ∠ボゼ ｚ ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡りキ∠ ゅ∠バジ ｚ ヤ͡ャ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ «￢ゅ∠ボゼ ｚ ヤ͡ャ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ (It is somet hing t hat has already been predet ermined. Therefore, work deeds, O son of AlKhat t ab! For verily, each person will have t hings made easy for him. So whoever is from t he people of happiness, t hen he will work deeds for happiness, and whoever is from t he people of misery, t hen he will work deeds for misery.)'' This Hadit h has been recorded by At -Tirmidhi in t he Book of Al-Qadar and he said "Hasan Sahih.'' Anot her Hadit h Narrat ed by Jabir Ibn Jarir recorded from Jabir bin ` Abdullah t hat he said, "O Messenger of Allah! Are we performing deeds for somet hing t hat has already been predet ermined or is t he mat t er based upon what we are j ust doing (now)'' The Prophet replied,

«ヮ∇レョ͡ パ ∠ ゲ͡ プ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ョほ∠ャ͡» (It is a mat t er t hat has been predet ermined.) Then Suraqah said, "Then what is t he purpose of deeds'' The Messenger of Allah t hen said,

«ヮ͡ヤヨ∠ バ∠ ャ͡ ∀ゲｚジΒ∠ ョ⊥ モ ∃ ョ͡ ゅ∠ハ ぁモミ⊥ »

(Everyone who does deeds will have his deeds made easy for him.) Muslim also recorded t his Hadit h. Ibn Jarir recorded from ` Amir bin ` Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr t hat he said, "Abu Bakr used t o free servant s upon t heir accept ance of Islam in Makkah. He used t o free t he elderly and t he women when t hey accept ed Islam. So his fat her said t o him, ` O my son! I see t hat you are freeing people who are weak. But if you freed st rong men t hey could st and wit h you, defend you and prot ect you.' Abu Bakr replied, ` O my fat her! I only want -- and I t hink he said -- what is wit h Allah.' Some people of my family have t old me t his Ayah was revealed about him:

- ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ベ ∠ ギｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ - ヴ∠ボゎｚ や∠ヱ ヴ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ び ン∠ゲ∇ジΒ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ロ⊥ ゲ⊥ あジΒ∠ レ⊥ ジ ∠ プ∠ (As for him who gives and has Taqwa, and believes in Al-Husna. We will make smoot h for him t he pat h of ease.)'' Then Allah says,

び ンｚキゲ∠ ゎ∠ や∠クま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ピΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And what will his wealt h avail him when he goes down) Muj ahid said, "This means when he dies.'' Abu Salih and Malik said -- narrat ing from Zayd bin Aslam, "When he goes down int o t he Fire.''

- ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや∠ヱ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Κ ｘ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ヤャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ - ヴ∠ボ∇セｘΙや Ι ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰ⇒∠ヤ∇ダΑ∠ Ι ∠ - ヴｚヌヤ∠ゎ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ン͡グャｚや - ヴ∠ボ∇ゎｘΙや ゅ∠ヰら⊥ レｚ イ ∠ Β⊥ シ ∠ ヱ∠ - ヴｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ン͡グャｚや る∃ ヨ∠ ∇バルあ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ギ∃ ェ ∠Ι ６ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ヴｚミ∠ゴ∠わ∠Α ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ヴ∠ヤ∇ハｘΙや ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや Ι ｚ ま͡ - ン∠ゴ∇イゎ⊥ び ヴ∠ッ∇ゲ∠Α (12. Truly, on Us is (t o give) guidance.) (13. And t ruly, unt o Us (belong) t he last (Hereaft er) and t he first (t his world).) (14. Therefore I have warned you of a Fire Talazza.) (15. None shall ent er it save t he most wret ched.) (16. Who denies and t urns away.) (17. And t hose wit h Taqwa will be far removed from it .) (18. He who gives of his wealt h for self-purificat ion.) (19. And who has (in mind) no favor from anyone t o be paid back.) (20. Except t o seek t he Face of his Lord, t he Most High.) (21. He, surely, will be pleased.)

The Matter of Guidance and other than it is in the Hand of Allah, and Allah's Warning about the Hellfire

Qat adah said,

び ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ヤャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Truly, on Us is (t o give) guidance.) "This means, We will explain what is lawful and what is prohibit ed.'' Ot hers have said t hat it means, "Whoever t raverses upon t he pat h of guidance, t hen he will reach Allah (i.e., in t he Hereaft er).'' They consider t his Ayah like Allah's saying,

び͡モΒ͡らジ ｚ ャや ギ⊥ ∇ダホ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ (And upon Allah is t he responsibilit y t o explain t he St raight pat h.) (16:9) This has been ment ioned by Ibn Jarir. Allah said;

び ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや∠ヱ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Κ ｘ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t ruly, unt o Us (belong) t he last (Hereaft er) and t he first (t his world).) This means, ` t hey bot h belong t o Us and I (Allah) am in complet e cont rol of t hem.' Then Allah says,

び ヴｚヌヤ∠ゎ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ぴ (Therefore I have warned you of a Fire Talazza.) Muj ahid said, "Blazing.'' Imam Ahmad recorded from Simak bin Harb t hat he heard An-Nu` man bin Bashir giving a sermon, in which he said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah giving a sermon, in which he said:

«ケゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ ∇ルぺ∠» (I have warned you of t he Fire.) And he said it in such a voice t hat if a man was in t he market place he could hear it from where I am st anding now. And he said it (wit h such force) t hat t he garment t hat was on his shoulder fell down t o his feet .'' Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Ishaq t hat he heard An-Nu` man bin Bashir giving a sermon, in which he said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヶ͡ヤ∇ピΑ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ゎゲ∠ ∇ヨィ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βョ∠ ギ∠ ホ∠ ゾ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ヶ͡プ ノ⊥ ッ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ «ヮ⊥ビゅ∠ョキ͡ (Verily, t he person t o be punished light est of t he people of t he Fire on t he Day of Judgement will be a man who will have placed on t he soles of his feet t wo coals t hat will cause his brain t o boil.)'' Imam Al-Bukhari also recorded t his narrat ion. Muslim recorded t hat Abu Ishaq narrat ed from An-Nu` man bin Bashir t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヤ∇バル∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ヶ͡ヤ∇ピ∠Α ゅ∠ヨ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ビ ⊥ ゅ∠ョキ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヶ͡ヤ∇ピ∠Α ケ∃ ゅ∠ル ∇リョ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ミやゲ∠ セ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔よや∠グ∠ハ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ や⇔ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ン∠ゲΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩⊥モィ ∠ ∇ゲヨ͡ ∇ャや «ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ワほ∠ャ∠ (Verily, t he light est punishment received by t he people of t he Hellfire will be a man who will have t wo sandals whose st raps will be made of fire t hat will cause his brain t o boil j ust as a cauldron boils. Yet he will not t hink t hat anyone is receiving a t orment more severe t han him, even t hough he will be receiving t he light est punishment of t hem.) Allah says,

び ヴ∠ボ∇セΙ ｘやΙ ｚ ま͡ べ∠ヰ⇒∠ヤ∇ダΑ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (None shall ent er it save t he most wret ched.) meaning, none will ent er surrounded by it on all sides except t he most wret ched. Then Allah explains who t his (t he most wret ched) is by His saying,

び∠ゆグｚ ミ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (Who denies) meaning, in his heart .

びヴｚャヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t urns away.) meaning, from act ing wit h his limbs and performing deeds according t o t heir pillars. Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ヴ∠よぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚャま͡ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ る∠ ⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや モ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ぁモミ⊥ » (All of my followers will ent er Paradise on t he Day of Judgement except for whoever refuses.) They (t he Companions) said, "Who would refuse, O Messenger of Allah'' He replied,

∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡ルゅ∠ダハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠カ ∠ キ∠ ヶ͡レハ ∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ヴ∠よぺ∠ (Whoever obeys me, he will ent er Paradise, and whoever disobeys me, t hen he has refused.) Al-Bukhari also recorded t his Hadit h. Allah t hen says,

び ヴ∠ボ∇ゎΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰら⊥ レｚ ∠イΒ⊥ ∠シ∠ヱぴ (And t hose wit h Taqwa will be far removed from it .) meaning, t he right eous, pure, most pious person will be saved from t he Fire. Then He explains who he is by His saying,

び ヴｚミ∠ゴ∠わ∠Α ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚやぴ (He who gives of his wealt h for self-purificat ion.) meaning, he spends his wealt h in obedience of his Lord in order t o purify himself, his wealt h and what ever Allah has best owed upon him of religion and worldly t hings.

び ン∠ゴ∇イゎ⊥ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇バルあ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ギ∃ ェ ∠Ι ６ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And who has (in mind) no favor from anyone t o be paid back.) meaning, giving his wealt h is not done so t hat he may gain some favor from someone wherein t hey ret urn some good t o him, and t herefore he gives t o get somet hing in ret urn. He only spends his wealt h

びヴ∠ヤ∇ハΙ ｘ や ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ∠￢べ∠ピ͡わ∇よやぴ (t o seek t he Face of his Lord, t he Most High) meaning, hoping t o at t ain t he blessing of seeing Him in t he final abode in t he Gardens of Paradise. Allah t hen says,

び ヴ∠ッ∇ゲ∠Α フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (He, surely, will be pleased.) meaning, indeed t hose wit h t hese charact erist ics will be pleased.

The Cause of this Revelation and the Virtue of Abu Bakr Many of t he scholars of Tafsir have ment ioned t hat t hese Ayat were revealed about Abu Bakr As-Siddiq. Some of t hem even ment ioned t hat t here is a consensus among t he Qur'anic comment at ors concerning t his. There is no doubt t hat he is included in t he meaning of t hese Ayat , and t hat he is t he most deserving of t he Ummah t o be described wit h t hese charact erist ics in general, for indeed, t he wording of t hese Ayat is general. As in Allah's saying,

- ヴｚミゴ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ョ ヴ͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚや - ヴ∠ボ∇ゎΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰら⊥ レｚ ∠イΒ⊥ ∠シ∠ヱぴ び ン∠ゴ∇イゎ⊥ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇バルあ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ギ∃ ェ ∠Ι ６ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (And t hose wit h Taqwa will be far removed from it . He who gives of his wealt h for selfpurificat ion. And who has (in mind) no favor from anyone t o be paid back.) However, he (Abu Bakr) was t he first and foremost of t his Ummah t o have all of t hese charact erist ics and ot her praisewort hy charact erist ics as well. For verily, he was t rut hful, pious, generous, charit able,

and he always spent his wealt h in obedience of His Mast er (Allah) and in aiding t he Messenger of Allah . How many Dirhams and Dinars did he spend seeking t he Face of His Most Noble Lord. And did not consider any of t he people as owning him some favor t hat he needed t o get compensat ion for. Rat her, his virt ue and kindness was even shown t owards leaders and chiefs from all t he ot her t ribes as well. This is why ` Urwah bin Mas` ud, who was t he chief of t he Thaqif t ribe, said t o him on t he day of t he Treat y of Hudaybiyyah, "By Allah, if I did not owe you a debt , which I have not paid you back for, I would have responded t o you (i.e., your call t o Islam).'' Abu Bakr As-Siddiq became angry wit h him for saying such a t hing (i.e., I owe you somet hing). So if t his was his posit ion wit h t he chiefs of t he Arabs and t he heads of t he t ribes, t hen what about t hose ot her t han t hem. Thus, Allah says,

￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや Ι ｚ ま͡ - ン∠ゴ∇イゎ⊥ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇バルあ リ͡ョ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ギ∃ ェ ∠Ι ６ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ヴ∠ッ∇ゲ∠Α フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ヴ∠ヤ∇ハｘΙや ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ヮ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ (And who has (in mind) no favor from anyone t o be paid back. Except t o seek t he Face of his Lord, t he Most High. He, surely, will be pleased.) And in t he Two Sahihs it is recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

る⊥ ル∠ ゴ∠ カ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わハ ∠ キ∠ ぶ ͡ や モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ リ ͡ ∇Βィ ∠ ∇ヱコ∠ ペ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ゲ∇Βカ ∠ や∠グワ∠ ∩͡ぶや∠ギ∇らハ ∠ ゅ∠Α る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャや (Whoever equipped t wo riding animals in t he way of Allah, t he Gat ekeepers of Paradise will call t o him saying, "O servant of Allah! This is good.'') So Abu Bakr said, "O Messenger of Allah! The one who is called from t hem will not have any need. Will t here be anyone who will be called from all of t hem'' The Prophet replied,

«ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » (Yes, and I hope t hat you will be one of t hem.) This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Layl, and all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Ad-Duha (Chapter - 93) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ (In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ マ ∠ハ ∠ キｚ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ - ヴ∠イシ ∠ や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱ - ヴ∠エツ ぁ ャや∠ヱぴ - ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Κ ｘ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ヴ∠ヤホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡わΑ∠ ポ ∠ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ - ヴ∠ッ∇ゲわ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ マ ∠ Β͡ト∇バΑ⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ も͡ べ∠ハ ポ ∠ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ - ン∠ギヰ∠ プ∠ Ι ６ べ∠ッ ポ ∠ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ - ン∠ヱべ∠プ Κ ∠ プ∠ モ ∠ も͡ べｚジャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ - ∇ゲヰ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∠ユΒ͡わ∠Β∇ャや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ - ヴ∠レ∇ビほ∠プ∠ び ∇ゐギあ エ ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ - ∇ゲヰ∠ ∇レゎ∠ (1. By t he forenoon.) (2. By t he night when it darkens.) (3. Your Lord has neit her forsaken you nor hat es you.) (4. And indeed t he Hereaft er is bet t er for you t han t he present .) (5. And verily, your Lord will give you so t hat you shall be well-pleased.) (6. Did He not find you an orphan and gave you a refuge) (7. And He found you unaware and guided you) (8. And He found you poor and made you rich) (9. Therefore, t reat not t he orphan wit h oppression.) (10. And repulse not t he one who asks.) (11. And proclaim t he grace of your Lord.)

The Reason for the Revelation of Surat Ad-Duha Imam Ahmad recorded from Jundub t hat he said, "The Prophet became ill, so he did not st and for prayer for a night or t wo. Then a woman came and said, ` O Muhammad! I t hink t hat your devil has finally left you.' So Allah revealed,

マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ マ ∠ハ ∠ キｚ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ - ヴ∠イシ ∠ や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱ - ヴ∠エツ ぁ ャや∠ヱぴ び ヴ∠ヤホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (By t he forenoon. By t he night when it darkens. Your Lord has neit her forsaken you nor hat es you.)'' Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hat im and Ibn Jarir, all recorded t his Hadit h. This Jundub (who narrat ed it ) is Ibn ` Abdullah Al-Baj ali Al-` Alaqi. In a narrat ion from Al-Aswad bin Qays, he said t hat he heard Jundub say t hat Jibril was slow in coming t o t he Messenger of Allah . So t he idolat ors said, "Muhammad's Lord has abandoned him.'' So Allah revealed,

マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ マ ∠ハ ∠ キｚ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ - ヴ∠イシ ∠ や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱ - ヴ∠エツ ぁ ャや∠ヱぴ び ヴ∠ヤホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (By t he forenoon. By t he night when it darkens. Your Lord has neit her forsaken you nor hat es you.)

び ヴ∠イシ ∠ や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱ - ヴ∠エツ ぁ ャや∠ヱぴ (By t he forenoon. By t he night when it darkens.) Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, "When t he Qur'an was revealed t o t he Messenger of Allah , Jibril was delayed from coming t o him for a number of days (on one occasion). Therefore, t he Messenger of Allah was affect ed by t his. Then t he idolat ors began t o say, ` His Lord has abandoned him and hat es him.' So Allah revealed,

び ヴ∠ヤホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ マ ∠ハ ∠ キｚ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (Your Lord has neit her forsaken you nor hat es you.)'' In t his, Allah is swearing by t he forenoon and t he light t hat He has placed in it .

び ヴ∠イシ ∠ や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱぴ (By t he night when it darkens (Saj a).) meaning, it set t les, darkens meaning, it set t les, darkens and overcomes t hem. This was said by Muj ahid, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Zayd and ot hers. This is a clear proof of t he power of t he Creat or of t his (light ) and t hat (darkness). This is as Allah says,

び ヴｚヤイ ∠ ゎ∠ やク∠ ま͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ャや∠ヱ - ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ や∠クま͡ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや∠ヱぴ (By t he night as it envelops. By t he Day as it appears.) (92:1-2) Allah also says,

ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ゅ⇔レ∠ムシ ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βャｚや モ ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゥ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇タΗ ͡や ペ ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠プぴ び ユ͡ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ Α͡ギ∇ボゎ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ら∇ジェ ⊥ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ((He is t he) Cleaver of t he daybreak. He has appoint ed t he night for rest ing, and t he sun and t he moon for reckoning. Such is t he measuring of t he Almight y, t he All-Knowing.) (6:96) Allah t hen says,

び∠マよぁ ケ∠ マ ∠ハ ∠ キｚ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (Your Lord has neit her forsaken you) meaning, ` He has not abandoned you.'

びヴ∠ヤホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (nor hat es (Qala) you.) meaning, ` He does not hat e you.'

The Hereafter is Better Than This First Life

び ヴ∠ャヱｙΙや リ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ り⊥ ゲ∠ カ ͡Κ ｘ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And indeed t he Hereaft er is bet t er for you t han t he present .) meaning, t he abode of t he Hereaft er is bet t er for you t han t his current abode. For t his reason t he Messenger of Allah used t o be t he most abst inent of t he people concerning t he worldly t hings, and he was t he great est of t hem in his disregard for worldly mat t ers. This is well known by necessit y from his biography. When t he Prophet was given t he choice at t he end of his life bet ween remaining in t his life forever and t hen going t o Paradise, or moving on t o t he company of Allah, he chose t hat which is wit h Allah over t his lowly world. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "The Messenger of Allah was lying down on a st raw mat and it left marks on his side. Then when he woke up he began t o rub his side. So I said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Will you allow us t o spread somet hing soft over t his st raw mat ' He replied,

ょ ∃ ミ͡ や∠ゲミ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ャや モ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ヤん∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∩ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁ ヤ͡ャヱ∠ ヶ͡ャゅ∠ョ» «ゅ∠ヰミ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゥ ∠ や∠ケ ｚユを⊥ り∃ ゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ モ ｚニ ∠ (I have not hing t o do wit h t his world. The parable of me and t his world is like a rider who rest s in t he shade of a t ree, t hen he passes on and leaves it .)'' At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah bot h recorded t his Hadit h by way of Al-Mas` udi. At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.''

The Numerous Bounties of the Hereafter are waiting for the Messenger of Allah Then Allah says,

び ヴ∠ッ∇ゲわ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ マ ∠ Β͡ト∇バΑ⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, your Lord will give you so t hat you shall be well-pleased.) meaning, in t he final abode Allah will give him unt il He pleases him concerning his followers, and in t hat which He has prepared for him from His generosit y. From t his will be t he River of Al-Kawt har, which will have domes of hollowed pearls on it s banks, and t he mud on it s banks will be t he st rongest frangrance of musk, as will be ment ioned. Imam Abu ` Amr Al-Awza` i recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah was shown t hat which his Ummah would be blessed wit h aft er him, t reasure upon t reasure. So he was pleased wit h t hat . Then Allah revealed,

び ヴ∠ッ∇ゲわ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ マ ∠ Β͡ト∇バΑ⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, your Lord will give you so t hat you shall be well-pleased.) So, Allah will give him in Paradise one million palaces, and each palace will cont ain what ever he wishes of wives and servant s.'' This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hat im from his rout e of t ransmission. This chain of narrat ion is aut hent ic t o Ibn ` Abbas, and st at ement s like t his can only be said from t hat which is Tawqif.

A Mention of some of Allah's Favors upon the Messenger Enumerating His favors upon His Messenger, Muhammad Allah says;

び ン∠ヱべ∠プ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡わΑ∠ ポ ∠ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Did He not find you an orphan and gave you a refuge) This refers t o t he fact t hat his fat her died while his mot her was st ill pregnant wit h him, and his mot her, Aminah bint Wahb died when he was only six years old. Aft er t his he was under t he guardianship of his grandfat her, ` Abdul-Mut t alib, unt il he died when Muhammad was eight years old. Then his uncle, Abu Talib t ook responsibilit y for him and cont inued t o prot ect him, assist him, elavat e his st at us, honor him, and even rest rain his people from harming him when he was fort y years of age and Allah commissioned him wit h t he prophet hood. Even wit h t his, Abu Talib cont inued t o follow t he religion of his people, worshipping idols. All of t his t ook place by t he divine decree of Allah and His decree is most excellent . Unt il Abu Talib died a short t ime before t he Hij rah. Aft er t his (Abu Talib's deat h) t he foolish and ignorant people of t he Quraysh began t o at t ack him, so Allah chose for him t o migrat e away from t hem t o t he cit y of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj among t hose who helped him (in Al-Madinah). Allah caused his Sunnah t o be spread in t he most perfect and complet e manner. Then, when he arrived at t heir cit y, t hey gave him shelt er, support ed him, defended him and fought before him (against t he enemies of Islam) -- may Allah be pleased wit h all of t hem. All of t his was from Allah's prot ect ion for him, guarding over him and caring for him. Then Allah says,

び ン∠ギヰ∠ プ∠ Ι ６ べ∠ッ ポ ∠ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (He found you unaware and guided you) This is similar t o Allah's saying,

ろ ∠ レ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョあ ゅ⇔ェヱ⊥ケ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ や⇔ケヲ⊥ル ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ ン͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ びゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼルｚ リ∠ョ ヮ͡ よ͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰルｚ (And t hus We have sent t o you a Ruh from Our command. you knew not what is t he Book, nor what is Fait h. But We have made it a light wherewit h We guide whosoever of our servant s We will...) (42:52) Allah says,

び ヴ∠レ∇ビほ∠プ∠ Κ ⇔ も͡ べ∠ハ ポ ∠ ギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And He found you poor and made you rich) meaning, ` you were poor having dependent s, so Allah made you wealt hy and independent of all ot hers besides Him.' Thus, Allah combined for him t he t wo posit ions: t he one who is poor and pat ient , and t he one who is wealt hy and t hankful. In t he Two Sahihs it has been recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヴ∠レピ͡ ∇ャや リ ｚ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡チゲ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや り͡ ゲ∠ ∇んミ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ヴ∠レピ͡ ∇ャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠» «ザ∇ヘレｚ ャや ヴ∠レビ ͡ (Wealt h is not det ermined by abundance of possessions, but wealt h is t he richness of t he soul.) In Sahih Muslim, it is recorded from ` Abdullah bin ` Amr t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ バ∠ レｚ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プゅ∠ヘミ∠ ベ ∠ コ͡ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ » «ロゅ∠ゎへ (Whoever accept s Islam, is provided wit h his basic needs, and Allah makes him cont ent wit h what He has given him, t hen he will be successful.)

How should this Bounty be responded to Then Allah says,

び ∇ゲヰ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∠ユΒ͡わ∠Β∇ャや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ (Therefore, t reat not t he orphan wit h oppression.) meaning, ` j ust as you were an orphan and Allah shelt ered you, t hen do not oppress t he orphan.' In ot her words, ` do not humiliat e him, scorn him or despise him. Rat her, you should be kind and gent le t o him.' Qat adah said, "Be like a merciful fat her t o t he orphan.''

び ∇ゲヰ∠ ∇レゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ モ ∠ も͡ べｚジャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And repulse not t he one who asks.) meaning, ` j ust as you were ast ray and Allah guided you, t hen do not scorn t he one who asks for knowledge seeking t o be guided.' Ibn Ishaq said,

び ∇ゲヰ∠ ∇レゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ モ ∠ も͡ べｚジャや ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And repulse not t he one who asks.) "This means do not be oppressive, arrogant , wicked, or mean t o t he weak among Allah's servant s.'' Qat adah said, "This means respond t o t he poor wit h mercy and gent leness.''

び ∇ゐギあ エ ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And procalim t he grace of your Lord.) meaning, ` j ust as you were poor and needy, and Allah made you wealt hy, t hen t ell about Allah's favor upon you.' Abu Dawud recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Prophet said,

«サゅｚレャや ゲ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇リョ∠ ぶ ∠ や ゲ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» (Whoever is not t hankful t o t he people, t hen he is not t hankful t o Allah.) At -Tirmidhi also recorded t his Hadit h and he said, "Sahih''. Abu Dawud recorded from Jabir t hat t he Prophet said,

∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ロゲ∠ ム∠ セ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ミ∠ グ∠ プ∠ ￢⇔ ゅ∠ヤよ∠ ヶ ∠ ヤ͡∇よぺ⊥ ∇リョ∠ » «ロ∠ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ (Whoever overcomes some t est (i.e., calamit y) and ment ions it (t o ot hers), t hen he is indeed t hankful. And whoever conceals it , t hen indeed he was ungrat eful.) Abu Dawud was alone in recording t his Hadit h. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Ad-Duha, and unt o Allah is due all praise and t hanks.

The Tafsir of Surah Alam Nashrah (Surat Ash-Sharh) (Chapter - 94) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ポ ∠ ケ∠ ∇コヱ͡ マ ∠ レ∠ハ ゅ∠レ∇バッ ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ - ポ ∠ ケ∠ ∇ギタ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ∇ゥゲ∠ ∇ゼル∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ - ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ミク͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バプ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ - ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ヰニ ∠ ヂ ∠ ボ∠ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚや や∠クみ͡プ∠ - ⇔やゲ∇ジΑ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ジバ⊥ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ - ⇔やゲ∇ジΑ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ジバ⊥ ∇ャや ノ∠ ョ∠ び ∇ょビ ∠ ∇ケゅ∠プ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ - ∇ょダ ∠ ルゅ∠プ ろ ∠ ∇ビゲ∠ プ∠ (1. Have We not opened your breast for you) (2. And removed from you your burden.) (3. Which weighed down your back) (4. And have We not raised high your fame) (5. Verily, along wit h every hardship is relief,) (6. Verily, along wit h every hardship is relief.) (7. So when you have finished, devot e yourself t o Allah's worship.) (8. And t o your Lord t urn int ent ions and hopes.)

The Meaning of opening the Breast Allah says,

びポ ∠ ケ∠ ∇ギタ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ∇ゥゲ∠ ∇ゼル∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Have We not opened your breast for you) meaning, ` have We not opened your chest for you.' This means, ` We illuminat ed it , and We made it spacious, vast and wide.' This is as Allah says,

び͡ユ⇒∠ヤ∇シΘ ͡ ャ͡ ロ⊥ ケ∠ ∇ギタ ∠ ∇ゥゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヮ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや キ͡ ゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ヨ∠プぴ (And whomsoever Allah wills t o guide, He opens his breast t o Islam.) (6:125) And j ust as Allah expanded his chest , He also made His Law vast , wide, accommodat ing and easy, cont aining no difficult y, hardship or burden.

A Discussion of Allah's Favor upon His Messenger Concerning Allah's statement,

びポ ∠ ケ∠ ∇コヱ͡ マ ∠ レ∠ハ ゅ∠レ∇バッ ∠ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And removed from you your burden.) This means

び∠ゲカ ｚ ほ∠ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ら͡ ル∠ク リ͡ョ ュ∠ ギｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや マ ∠ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ ャあぴ (That Allah may forgive you your sins of t he past and t he fut ure.) (48:2)

びポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ヰニ ∠ ヂ ∠ ボ∠ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚやぴ (Which weighed down your back) Al-Inqad means t he sound. And more t han one of t he Salaf has said concerning Allah's saying,

びポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ヰニ ∠ ヂ ∠ ボ∠ ル∠ぺ ン͡グャｚやぴ (Which weighed down your back) meaning, ` it s burden weighed heavy upon you.'

The Tafsir of Surah Wat-Tin waz-Zaytun (Chapter - 95) Which was revealed in Makkah The Recitation of Surat At-Tin in the Prayer while traveling Malik and Shu` bah narrat ed from ` Adi bin Thabit , who narrat ed t hat Al-Bara' bin ` Azib said, "The Prophet used t o recit e in one of his Rak` ahs while t raveling ` At -Tin waz-Zayt un' (Surat At -

Tin), and I have never heard anyone wit h a nicer voice or recit at ion t han him.'' The Group has recorded t his Hadit h in t heir books.

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ギ͡ ヤ∠ら∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レΒ͡シ ケ͡ ヲ⊥デヱ∠ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥わ∇Αゴｚ ャや∠ヱ リ ͡ Βあわャや∠ヱぴ ｚユを⊥ - ユ∃ Α͡ヲ∇ボゎ∠ リ ͡ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ - リ ͡ Β͡ョΙ ｘや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠シ モ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇キキ∠ ケ∠ マ ∠ よ⊥ グあ ム∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ - ラ ∃ ヲ⊥レ∇ヨョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや びリ ∠ Β͡ヨム͡ ⇒エ ∠ ∇ャや ユ͡ ム∠ ∇ェほ∠よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ - リ ͡ Αあギャゅ͡よ ギ⊥ ∇バよ∠ (1. By At -Tin and Az-Zayt un.) (2. By Tur Sinin.) (3. By t his cit y of securit y.) (4. Verily, We creat ed man in t he best form.) (5. Then We reduced him t o t he lowest of t he low.) (6. Save t hose who believe and do right eous deeds. Then t hey shall have a reward wit hout end.) (7. Then what causes you t o deny aft er t his t he Recompense) (8. Is not Allah t he best of j udges)

The Explanation of At-Tin and what comes after it Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas t hat what is meant by At -Tin is t he Masj id of Nuh t hat was built upon Mount Al-Judi. Muj ahid said, "It is t his fig t hat you have.''

び͡ラヲ⊥わ∇Αゴｚ ャや∠ヱぴ (By Az-Zayt un.) Ka` b Al-Ahbar, Qat adah, Ibn Zayd and ot hers have said, "It is t he Masj id of Jerusalem (Bayt Al-Maqdis).'' Muj ahid and ` Ikrimah said, "It is t his olive which you press (t o ext ract t he oil).''

びリ ∠ Β͡レΒ͡シ ケ͡ ヲ⊥デヱ∠ ぴ (By Tur Sinin.) Ka` b Al-Ahbar and several ot hers have said, "It is t he mount ain upon which Allah spoke t o Musa.''

びリ ͡ Β͡ョΙ ｘ や ギ͡ ヤ∠ら∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ぴ

(By t his cit y of securit y.) meaning Makkah. This was said by Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, AlHasan, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Ibn Zayd and Ka` b Al-Ahbar. There is no difference of opinion about t his. Some of t he Imams have said t hat t hese are t hree different places, and t hat Allah sent a Messenger t o each of t hem from t he Leading Messengers, who delivered t he Great Codes of Law. The first place is t hat of t he fig and t he olive, which was Jerusalem, where Allah sent ` Isa bin Maryam. The second place is Mount Sinin, which is Mount Sinai where Allah spoke t o Musa bin ` Imran. The t hird place is Makkah, and it is t he cit y of securit y where whoever ent ers is safe. It is also t he cit y in which Muhammad was sent . They have said t hat t hese t hree places are ment ioned at t he end of t he Tawrah. The verse says, "Allah has come from Mount Sinai meaning t he one upon which Allah spoke t o Musa bin ` Imran; and shined from Sa` ir - meaning t he mount ain of Jerusalem from which Allah sent ` Isa; and appeared from t he mount ains of Faran - meaning t he mount ains of Makkah from which Allah sent ` Isa; and appeared from t he mount ains of Faran - meaning t he mount ains of Makkah from which Allah sent Muhammad .'' Thus, He ment ioned t hem in order t o inform about t hem based upon t heir order of exist ence in t ime. This is why He swore by a noble place, t hen by a nobler place, and t hen by a place t hat is t he nobler t han bot h of t hem.

Man becoming Lowly even though He was created in the Best Form and t he Result of t hat Allah says,

び ユ∃ Α͡ヲ∇ボゎ∠ リ ͡ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ͡プ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ゅ∠レ∇ボ∠ヤ∠カ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Verily, We creat ed man in t he best form.) This is t he subj ect being sworn about , and it is t hat Allah creat ed man in t he best image and form, st anding upright wit h st raight limbs t hat He beaut ified.

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠シ モ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇キキ∠ ケ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then We reduced him t o t he lowest of t he low.) meaning, t o t he Hellfire. This was said by Muj ahid, Abu Al-` Aliyah, Al-Hasan, Ibn Zayd and ot hers. Then aft er t his at t ract iveness and beaut y, t heir dest inat ion will be t o t he Hell-fire if t hey disobey Allah and belie t he Messengers. This is why Allah says,

び͡ろ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Save t hose who believe and do right eous deeds.) Some have said,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヤヘ͡ ⇒∠シ モ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇キキ∠ ケ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then We reduced him t o t he lowest of t he low.) "This means decrepit old age.'' This has been report ed from Ibn ` Abbas and ` Ikrimah. ` Ikrimah even said, "Whoever gat hers t he Qur'an (i.e., he memorizes it all), t hen he will not be ret urned t o decrepit old age.'' Ibn Jarir preferred t his explanat ion. Even if t his was t he meaning, it would not be correct t o exclude t he believers from t his, because some of t hem are also overcome by t he senilit y of old age. Thus, t he meaning here is what we have already ment ioned (i.e., t he first view), which is similar t o Allah's saying,

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ ゲ∃ ∇ジカ ⊥ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ラ ｚ ま͡ - ゲ͡ ∇ダバ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ び͡ろ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ (By Al-` Asr. Verily man is in loss, except t hose who believe and perform right eous deeds.) (103:1-3) Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∃ラヲ⊥レ∇ヨョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then t hey shall have a reward wit hout end.) meaning, t hat will not end, as we have ment ioned previously. Then Allah says,

び∠マよ⊥ グあ ム∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ (Then what causes you t o deny) meaning, ` O Son of Adam!'

び͡リΑあギャゅ͡よ ギ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ぴ (aft er t his t he Recompense) meaning, ` in t he recompense t hat will t ake place in t he Hereaft er. For indeed you know t he beginning, and you know t hat He Who is able t o begin (t he creat ion) is also able t o repeat it which is easier. So what is it t hat makes you deny t he final ret urn in t he Hereaft er aft er you have known t his' Then Allah says,

びリ ∠ Β͡ヨム͡ ⇒∠エ∇ャや ユ͡ ム∠ ∇ェほ∠よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Is not t he Allah t he best of j udges) meaning, ` is He not t he best of j udges, Who does not oppress or do any inj ust ice t o anyone' And from His j ust ice is t hat He will est ablish t he Judgement , and He will give ret ribut ion t o t he person who was wronged in t his life against whoever wronged him. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat wat -Tin waz-Zayt un and all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surah Iqra' (Surat Al-` Alaq) (Chapter - 96) Which was revealed in Makkah This was the First of the Qur'an revealed

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

∇リョ͡ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ -ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ ∇ぺゲ∠ ∇ホやぴ - ユ͡ ヤ∠ボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ ン͡グャｚや - ュ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ミΙ ｘやマ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ぺゲ∠ ∇ホや - ペ ∃ ヤ∠ハ ∠ び ∇ユヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ユ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ (1. Read! In t he Name of your Lord Who creat ed.) (2. He has creat ed man from a clot .) (3. Read! And your Lord is t he Most Generous.) (4. Who has t aught by t he pen.) (5. He has t aught man t hat which he knew not .)

The Beginning of the Prophethood of Muhammad and the First of the Qur'an revealed Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` A'ishah said: The first t hing t hat began happening wit h t he Messenger of Allah from t he revelat ion was dreams t hat he would see in his sleep t hat would come t rue. He would not see any dream except t hat it would come t rue j ust like t he (clearness of) t he daybreak in t he morning. Then seclusion became beloved t o him. So, he used t o go t o t he cave of Hira' and devot e himself t o worship t here for a number of night s, and he would bring provisions for t hat . Then he would ret urn t o Khadij ah and replenish his provisions for a similar number of night s. This cont inued unt il t he revelat ion suddenly came t o him while he was in t he cave of Hira'. The angel came t o him while he was in t he cave and said, "Read!'' The Messen- ger of Allah said,

«￢ン͡ケゅ∠ボよ͡ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ョ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ » (I replied: "I am not one who reads.) Then he said, "So he (t he angel) seized me and pressed me unt il I could no longer bear it . Then he released me and said: ` Read!' So I replied: ` I am not one who reads.' So, he pressed me a second t ime unt il I could no longer bear it . Then he released me and said:

びペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ ∇ぺゲ∠ ∇ホやぴ (Read in t he Name of your Lord who has creat ed.) unt il he reached t he Ayah,

び∇ユヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ (That which he knew not . )'' So he ret urned wit h t hem (t hose Ayat ) and wit h his heart t rembling unt il he came (home) t o Khadij ah, and he said,

«ヶ͡ルヲ⊥ヤョあ コ∠ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥ヤョあ コ∠ » (Wrap me up, wrap me up!) So t hey wrapped him up unt il his fear went away. Aft er t hat he t old Khadij ah everyt hing t hat had happened (and said),

«ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ゼカ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ » (I fear t hat somet hing may happen t o me.) Khadij ah replied, "Never! By Allah, Allah will never disgrace you. You keep good relat ions wit h your relat ives, you speak t he t rut h, you help t he poor and t he dest it ut e, you serve your guest s generously, and you help t he deserving, calamit y afflict ed people.'' Khadij ah t hen accompanied him t o her cousin Waraqah bin Nawfal bin Asad bin ` Abdul-` Uzza bin Qusay, who, during t he period of ignorance became a Christ ian and used t o scribe t he Script ures in Arabic. He would writ e from t he Inj il in Hebrew as much as Allah willed for him t o writ e. He was an old man and had lost his eyesight . Khadij ah said t o him, "O my cousin! List en t o t he st ory of your nephew. '' Waraqah asked, "O my nephew! What have you seen'' Allah's Messenger described what he saw. Waraqah said, "This is An-Namus whom Allah had sent t o Musa. I wish I was young and could live unt il t he t ime when your people would drive you out .'' Allah's Messenger asked,

«∨∇ユワ⊥ ヶ ｚィ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ガョ⊥ ヱ∠ ぺ∠» (Will t hey drive me out ) Waraqah replied in t he affirmat ive and said, "Anyone who came wit h somet hing similar t o what you have brought , was t reat ed wit h host ilit y and enmit y; and if I should remain alive t ill t hat day t hen I would firmly support you.'' But Waraqah did not remain. He died and t he revelat ion paused unt il Allah's Messenger became sad according t o what we were t old. Due t o t his grief he set out a number of t imes wit h t he int ent of t hrowing himself from t he mount ain t ops. However, every t ime he would reach t he peak of a mount ain t o t hrow himself from it , Jibril would appear t o him and say, "O Muhammad! You are t ruly t he Messenger of Allah!'' Therefore, his worry would be eased, his soul would be set t led and he would ret urn (down from t he mount ain). Then, when t he revelat ion did not come again for a long t ime, he set out as he had done before. So when he reached t he peak of t he mount ain, Jibril appeared t o him again and said t o him t he same as he had said before.'' This Hadit h has been recorded in t he Two Sahihs by way of Az-Zuhri. We have already discussed t his Hadit h's chain of narrat ion, it s t ext and it s meanings at lengt h in t he beginning of our explanat ion of Sahih Al-Bukhari. Therefore, whoever would like t o read it , it is researched t here, and all praise and blessings are due t o Allah. So t he first t hing t hat was revealed of t he Qur'an were t hese noble and blessed Ayat . They are t he first mercy t hat Allah best owed upon His servant s and t he first bount y t hat Allah favored t hem wit h.

The Honor and Nobility of Man is in His Knowledge These Ayat inform of t he beginning of man's creat ion from a dangling clot , and t hat out of Allah's generosit y He t aught man t hat which he did not know. Thus, Allah exalt ed him and honored him by giving him knowledge, and it is t he dignit y t hat t he Fat her of Humanit y, Adam, was dist inguished wit h over t he angels. Knowledge somet imes is in t he mind, somet imes on t he t ongue, and somet imes in writ ing wit h t he fingers. Thus, it may be int ellect ual, spoken and writ t en. And while t he last (writ t en) necessit at es t he first t wo (int ellect ual and spoken), t he reverse is not t rue. For t his reason Allah says,

ユ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ - ユ͡ ヤ∠ボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユ∠ ヤｚハ ∠ ン͡グャｚや - ュ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ミΙ ｘや マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ぺゲ∠ ∇ホやぴ び ∇ユヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや

(Read! And your Lord is t he Most Generous. Who has t aught by t he pen. He has t aught man t hat which he knew not .) There is a narrat ion t hat st at es, "Record knowledge by writ ing.'' There is also a saying which st at es, "Whoever act s according t o what he knows, Allah will make him inherit knowledge t hat he did not know.''

ラ ｚ ま͡ - ヴ∠レ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや ロ⊥ や∠￢ケｚ ラ∠ぺ - ヴ∠ピ∇トΒ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ラ ｚ ま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ - ヴ∠ヰ∇レΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ - ヴ∠バ∇ィゲぁ ャや マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ - ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ろ ∠ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ - ヴｚヤタ ∠ や∠クま͡ ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ ユ∠ヤ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ - ヴｚャヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グｚ ミ∠ ラ͡ま ろ ∠ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ - ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャゅ͡よ - る͡ Β∠ タ ͡ ゅｚレャゅ͡よ ゅ⇔バ∠ヘ∇ジレ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ わ∠ レ∠Α ∇ユャｚ リ͡ゃャ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ - ン∠ゲΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ネ ⊥ ∇ギレ∠ シ ∠ - ヮ⊥ Α∠ キ͡ ゅ∠ル ネ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ - る∃ ゃ∠ デ ͡ ゅ∠カ る∃ よ∠ グ͡ ⇒∠ミ る∃ Β∠ タ ͡ ゅ∠ル び ゆ͡ゲわ∠ ∇ホや∠ヱ ∇ギイ ⊥ ∇シや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ∇バト ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ - る∠ Β∠ ル͡ ゅ∠よゴｚ ャや (6. Nay! Verily, man does t ransgress.) (7. Because he considers himself self-sufficient .) (8. Surely, unt o your Lord is t he ret urn.) (9. Have you seen him who prevent s) (10. A servant when he prays) (11. Have you seen if he is on t he guidance) (12. Or enj oins Taqwa) (13. Have you seen if he denies and t urns away) (14. Knows he not t hat Allah sees) (15. Nay! If he ceases not , We will scorch his forehead --) (16. A lying, sinful forehead!) (17. Then let him call upon his council.) (18. We will call out t he guards of Hell!) (19. Nay! Do not obey him. Fall prost rat e and draw near (t o Allah)!)

The Threat against Man's Transgression for the sake of Wealth Allah informs t hat man is very pleased, most evil, scornful and t ransgressive when he considers himself self-sufficient and having an abundance of wealt h. Then Allah t hreat ens, warns and admonishes him in His saying,

び ヴ∠バ∇ィゲぁ ャや マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Surely, unt o your Lord is t he ret urn.) meaning, ` unt o Allah is t he final dest inat ion and ret urn, and He will hold you account able for your wealt h, as t o where you obt ained it from and how did you spend it .'

Scolding of Abu Jahl and the Threat of seizing Him Then Allah says,

び ヴｚヤタ ∠ や∠クま͡ や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ - ヴ∠ヰ∇レΑ∠ ン͡グャｚや ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Have you seen him who prevent s. A servant when he prays) This was revealed about Abu Jahl, may Allah curse him. He t hreat ened t he Prophet for performing Salah at t he Ka` bah. Thus, Allah first ly admonished him wit h t hat which was bet t er by saying,

び ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ラ͡ま ろ ∠ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Have you seen if he is on t he guidance.) meaning, ` do you t hink t his man whom you are prevent ing is upon t he st raight pat h in his act ion, or

び ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚ ャゅ͡よ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (Or enj oins Taqwa) in his st at ement s Yet , you rebuke him and t hreat en him due t o his prayer.' Thus, Allah says,

び ン∠ゲΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ ユ∠ヤ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ (Knows he not t hat Allah sees) meaning, doesn't t his person who is prevent ing t his man who is following correct guidance know t hat Allah sees him and hears his words, and He will compensat e him in full for what he has done Then Allah says by way of warning and t hreat ening,

び͡ヮわ∠ レ∠Α ∇ユャｚ リ͡ゃャ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay! If he ceases not ,) meaning, if he does not recant from his discord and obst inacy,

び͡るΒ∠ タ ͡ ゅｚレャゅ͡よ ゅ⇔バ∠ヘ∇ジレ∠ ャ∠ぴ (We will scorch his forehead.) meaning, ` indeed We will make it ext remely black on t he Day of Judgement .' Then He says,

び る∃ ゃ∠ デ ͡ ゅ∠カ る∃ よ∠ グ͡ ⇒∠ミ る∃ Β∠ タ ͡ ゅ∠ルぴ (A lying, sinful forehead!) meaning, t he forehead of Abu Jahl is lying in it s st at ement s and sinful in it s act ions.

び ヮ⊥ Α∠ キ͡ ゅ∠ル ネ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ぴ (Then let him call upon his council.) meaning, his people and his t ribe. In ot her words, let him call t hem in order t o seek help from t hem.

び る∠ Β∠ ル͡ ゅ∠よゴｚ ャや ネ ⊥ ∇ギレ∠ シ ∠ぴ (We will call out t he guards of Hell!) ` And t hey are t he angels of t orment . This is so t hat he may know who will win -- Our group or his group' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Abu Jahl said, ` If I see Muhammad praying at t he Ka` bah, I will st omp on his neck.' So t his reached t he Prophet , who said,

«る∠ムも͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠» (If he does, he will be seized by t he angels.)'' This Hadit h was also recorded by At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i in t heir Books of Tafsir. Likewise, it has been recorded by Ibn Jarir. Ahmad, At Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Jarir, all recorded it from Ibn ` Abbas wit h t he following wording: "The Messenger of Allah was praying at t he Maqam (prayer st at ion of Ibrahim) when Abu Jahl bin Hisham passed by him and said, ` O Muhammad! Haven't I prevent ed you from t his' He t hreat ened t he Prophet and t hus, t he Messenger of Allah became angry wit h him and reprimanded him. Then he said, ` O Muhammad! What can you t hreat en me wit h By Allah, I have t he most kinsmen of t his valley wit h me in t he large.' Then Allah revealed,

び る∠ Β∠ ル͡ ゅ∠よゴｚ ャや ネ ⊥ ∇ギレ∠ シ ∠ - ヮ⊥ Α∠ キ͡ ゅ∠ル ネ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ぴ (Then let him call upon his council. We will call out t he guards of Hell!)'' Ibn ` Abbas t hen said, "If he had called his people, t he angels of t orment would have seized him at t hat very inst ant .'' At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.'' Ibn Jarir recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat Abu Jahl said, "Does Muhammad cover his face wit h dust (i.e., from prost rat ion) while he is among you all'' They (t he people) replied, "Yes.'' Then he said, "By Al-Lat and Al-` Uzza, if I see him praying like t his, I will st omp on his neck, and I will cert ainly put his face in t he dust .'' So t he Messenger of Allah came and he began praying, which made it possible for Abu Jahl t o st omp on his neck. Then t he people became surprised at him (Abu Jahl) because he began ret reat ing on his heels and covering himself wit h his hands. Then it was said t o him, "What 's t he mat t er wit h you'' He replied, "Verily, bet ween me and him is a dit ch of fire, monst ers and wings.'' Then t he Messenger of Allah said,

«や⇔ヲ∇ツハ ⊥ や⇔ヲ∇ツハ ⊥ る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ ∇わヘ∠ ト ∠ わ∠ ∇カゅ∠ャ ヶあレョ͡ ゅ∠ル∠キ ∇ヲャ∠» (If he had come near me, t he angels would have snat ched him limb by limb.) The narrat or added; "Allah revealed an Ayah, but I do not know whet her it is concerning t he Hadit h of Abu Hurayrah or not :

び ヴ∠ピ∇トΒ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ラ ｚ ま͡ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay! Verily, man does t ransgress.) t o t he end of t he Surah.'' Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal, Muslim, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Abi Hat im all recorded t his Hadit h.

Amusement for the Prophet

Then Allah says,

び⊥ヮ∇バ͡トゎ⊥ Ι ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay! Do not obey him.) meaning, ` O Muhammad! Do not obey him in what he is forbidding from such as st eadfast ness in worship and perf orming worship in abundance. Pray wherever you wish and do not worry about him. For indeed Allah will prot ect you and help you, and He will defend you against t he people.'

びゆ͡ゲわ∠ ∇ホや∠ヱ ∇ギイ ⊥ ∇シや∠ヱぴ (Fall prost rat e and draw near (t o Allah)!) This is j ust like what has been confirmed in t he Sahih of Muslim on t he aut horit y of Abu Salih who report ed from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩∀ギィ ͡ ゅ∠シ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ケ∠ ∇リョ͡ ギ⊥ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠» «￢ゅ∠ハギぁ ャや やヱ⊥ゲん͡ ∇ミほ∠プ∠ (The closest t hat a servant can be t o his Lord is when he is in prost rat ion. Therefore, make abundant supplicat ions (i.e., while prost rat ing).)'' It has also been ment ioned previously t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o prost rat e when he recit ed

び ∇ろボｚ ゼ ∠ ルや ￢⊥ べ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや や∠クま͡ぴ (When t he heaven is split asunder.) (84:1) and

びペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ン͡グャｚや マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ユ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ ∇ぺゲ∠ ∇ホやぴ (Read! In t he Name of your Lord Who has creat ed.) (96:1) This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surah Iqra' (Surat Al-` Alaq). Unt o Allah is due all praise and t hanks, and He is t he Giver of success and prot ect ion against error.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Qadr (Chapter - 97) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

る⊥ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ - ケ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ∇ャや る͡ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ ゅｚルま͡ぴ メ ⊥ ゴｚ レ∠ ゎ∠ - ゲ∃ ∇ヰセ ∠ ブ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ケ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ∇ャや る⊥ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ - ケ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ∇ャや - ゲ∃ ∇ョぺ∠ あモミ⊥ リあョ ユ͡ヰよあ ケ∠ ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや∠ヱ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや び ゲ͡ ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや ノ͡ ヤ∠∇トョ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ (1. Verily, We have sent it down in t he Night of Al-Qadr.) (2. And what will make you know what t he Night of Al-Qadr is) (3. The Night of Al-Qadr is bet t er t han a t housand mont hs.) (4. Therein descend t he angels and t he Ruh by t heir Lord's permission wit h every mat t er.) (5. There is peace unt il t he appearance of dawn.)

The Virtues of the Night of Al-Qadr (the Decree) Allah informs t hat He sent t he Qur'an down during t he Night of Al-Qadr, and it is a blessed night about which Allah says,

び∃るミ∠ ゲ∠ ⇒∠らョぁ る∃ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ヴ͡プ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ べｚルま͡ぴ (We sent it down on a blessed night .) (44:3) This is t he Night of Al-Qadr and it occurs during t he mont h of Ramadan. This is as Allah says,

び⊥ラへ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ Β͡プ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ ン͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ツョ∠ ケ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ヰセ ∠ぴ (The mont h of Ramadan in which was revealed t he Qur'an.) (2:185) Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers have said, "Allah sent t he Qur'an down all at one t ime from t he Preserved Tablet (Al-Lawh AlMahfuz) t o t he House of Might (Bayt ul-` Izzah), which is in t he heaven of t his world. Then it came down in part s t o t he Messenger of Allah based upon t he incident s t hat occurred over a period of t went y-t hree years.'' Then Allah magnif ied t he st at us of t he Night of Al-Qadr, which He chose for t he revelat ion of t he Might y Qur'an, by His saying,

∇リョあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ケ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ∇ャや る⊥ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ - ケ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ∇ャや る⊥ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び ゲ∃ ∇ヰセ ∠ ブ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ (And what will make you know what t he Night of Al-Qadr is The Night of Al-Qadr is bet t er t han a t housand mont hs.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah "When Ramadan would come, t he Messenger of Allah would say,

∩∀ポケ∠ ゅ∠らョ⊥ ∀ゲ∇ヰ∠セ ∩∠ラゅ∠ツョ∠ ケ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ヰセ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ » ゆ ⊥ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ウ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヘゎ⊥ ∩⊥ヮョ∠ ゅ∠Βタ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や チ ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇プや ヮ͡ Β͡プ モ ぁ ピ∠ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡ユΒ͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ⊥ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ペ ⊥ ヤ∠∇ピゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ∇リョ∠ ∩∃ゲ∇ヰセ ∠ ブ ͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ る∀ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∩⊥リΒ͡デゅ∠Βゼ ｚ ャや «ュ͡ゲェ ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ュ∠ ゲ͡ ェ ⊥ (Verily, t he mont h of Ramadan has come t o you all. It is a blessed mont h, which Allah has obligat ed you all t o fast . During it t he gat es of Paradise are opened, t he gat es of Hell are closed and t he devils are shackled. In it t here is a night t hat is bet t er t han one t housand mont hs. Whoever is deprived of it s good, t hen he has t ruly been deprived.)'' An-Nasa'i recorded t his same Hadit h. Aside from t he fact t hat worship during t he Night of Al-Qadr is equivalent t o worship performed for a period of one t housand mont hs, it is also confirmed in t he Two Sahihs from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ビ ⊥ ゅ⇔よゅ∠ジわ͡ ∇ェや∠ヱ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ケ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ∇ャや る∠ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇リョ∠ » «ヮ͡ら∇ルク∠ ∇リョ͡ ュ∠ ギｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ (Whoever st ands (in prayer) during t he Night of Al-Qadr wit h fait h and expect ing reward (from Allah), he will be forgiven for his previous sins.)

The Descent of the Angels and the Decree for Every Good during the Night of Al-Qadr Allah says,

あモミ⊥ リあョ ユ͡ヰよあ ケ∠ ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや∠ヱ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ゴｚ レ∠ ゎ∠ ぴ び ゲ∃ ∇ョぺ∠ (Therein descend t he angels and t he Ruh by t heir Lord's permission wit h every mat t er.) meaning, t he angels descend in abundance during t he Night of Al-Qadr due t o it s abundant blessings. The angels descend wit h t he descending of blessings and mercy, j ust as t hey descend when t he Qur'an is recit ed, t hey surround t he circles of Dhikr (remembrance of Allah) and t hey lower t heir wings wit h t rue respect for t he st udent of knowledge. In reference t o Ar-Ruh, it is said t hat here it means t he angel Jibril. Therefore, t he wording of t he Ayah is a met hod of adding t he name of t he dist inct obj ect (in t his case Jibril) separat e from t he general group (in t his case t he angels). Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∃ゲ∇ョぺ∠ あモミ⊥ リあョぴ (wit h every mat t er.) Muj ahid said, "Peace concerning every mat t er.'' Sa` id bin Mansur said, ` Isa bin Yunus t old us t hat Al-A` mash narrat ed t o t hem t hat Muj ahid said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ヴワ͡ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ぴ (There is peace) "It is securit y in which Shayt an cannot do any evil or any harm.'' Qat adah and ot hers have said, "The mat t ers are det ermined during it , and t he t imes of deat h and provisions are measured out (i.e., decided) during it .'' Allah says,

び ユ∃ Β͡ムェ ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ョぺ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ベ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プぴ (Therein is decreed every mat t er of decree.) (44:4) Then Allah says,

び ゲ͡ ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや ノ͡ ヤ∠∇トョ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ぴ (There is peace unt il t he appearance of dawn.) Sa` id bin Mansur said, "Hushaym narrat ed t o us on t he aut horit y of Abu Ishaq, who narrat ed t hat Ash-Sha` bi said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

あモミ⊥ リあョ ユ͡ヰよあ ケ∠ ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゥ ⊥ ヱぁゲャや∠ヱ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ゴｚ レ∠ ゎ∠ ぴ び ゲ͡ ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャや ノ͡ ヤ∠∇トョ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヴ ∠ ワ͡ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ - ゲ∃ ∇ョぺ∠ (Wit h every mat t er, t here is a peace unt il t he appearance of dawn.) ` The angels giving t he greet ings of peace during t he Night of Al-Qadr t o t he people in t he Masj ids unt il t he coming of Faj r (dawn).''' Qat adah and Ibn Zayd bot h said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び∠ヴワ͡ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤシ ∠ぴ (There is peace.) "This means all of it is good and t here is no evil in it unt il t he coming of Faj r (dawn).''

Specifying the Night of Decree and its Signs This is support ed by what Imam Ahmad recorded from ` Ubadah bin As-Samit t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ｚリヰ⊥ ョ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇リョ∠ ∩ヶ͡ホや∠ヲら∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇ゼバ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ケ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ∇ャや る⊥ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠» ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ルク∠ ∇リョ͡ ュ∠ ギｚ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ み͡プ∠ リ ｚ ヰ͡ わ͡ ら∠ ∇ジェ ͡ ￢∠ ゅ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや ∇ヱぺ∠ ノ∃ ∇らシ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ノ∃ ∇ジゎ͡ :ゲ∃ ∇ゎヱ͡ る⊥ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ∩∠ゲカ ｚ ほ∠ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ «る∠ヤ∇Βャ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡ へ ∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ ん∠ ャ͡ゅ∠を ∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ ジ ∠ ョ͡ ゅカ ∠ (The Night of Al-Qadr occurs during t he last t en (night s). Whoever st ands for t hem (in prayer) seeking t heir reward, t hen indeed Allah will forgive his previous sins and his lat t er sins. It is an odd night : t he nint h, or t he sevent h, or t he fift h, or t he t hird or t he last night (of Ramadan).) The Messenger of Allah also said,

ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ∩∀るイ ∠ ∇ヤよ∠ る∀ Β∠ プ͡ ゅ∠タ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ケ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ∇ャや る͡ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ り∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ キ∠ ∇ゲよ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩∀るΒ∠ ィ ͡ ゅ∠シ る∀ レ∠ ミ͡ ゅ∠シ ∩ゅ⇔バデ ͡ ゅ∠シ や⇔ゲヨ∠ ホ∠ ヴ∇わェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ∠ョ∇ゲΑ⊥ ょ ∃ ミ∠ ∇ヲム∠ ャ͡ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ｚゲ∠ェ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ エ ∠ Β͡らタ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠ウら͡ ∇ダΑ⊥ る∠ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや モ ∠ ∇んョ͡ ∩∀ネゅ∠バセ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ る⇔ Α∠ ヲ͡ わ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ «グ͡ゃ∠ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠バ∠ョ ァ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ヤ͡ャ モ ぁエ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩͡ケ∇ギら∠ ∇ャや (Verily, t he sign of t he Night of Al-Qadr is t hat it is pure and glowing as if t here were a bright , t ranquil, calm moon during it . It is not cold, nor is it hot , and no shoot ing st ar is permit t ed unt il morning. It s sign is t hat t he sun appears on t he morning following it smoot h having no rays on it , j ust like t he moon on a full moon night . Shayt an is not allowed t o come out wit h it (t he sun) on t hat day.) This chain of narrat ion is good. In it s t ext t here is some oddit ies and in some of it s wordings t here are t hings t hat are obj ect ionable. Abu Dawud ment ioned a sect ion in his Sunan t hat he t it led, "Chapt er: Clarificat ion t hat t he Night of Al-Qadr occurs during every Ramadan.'' Then he recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said, "The Messenger of Allah was asked about t he Night of Al-Qadr while I was list ening and he said,

«ラゅ∠ツョ∠ ケ∠ あモミ⊥ ヶ͡プ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ » (It occurs during every Ramadan.)'' The men of t his chain of narrat ion are all reliable, but Abu Dawud said t hat Shu` bah and Sufyan bot h narrat ed it from Ishaq and t hey bot h considered it t o be a st at ement of t he Companion (Ibn ` Umar, and t hus not t he st at ement of t he Prophet ). It has been report ed t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri said, "The Messenger of Allah performed I` t ikaf during t he first t en night s of Ramadan and we performed I` t ikaf wit h him. Then Jibril came t o

him and said, ` That which you are seeking is in front of you.' So t he Prophet performed I` t ikaf during t he middle t en days of Ramadan and we also performed I` t ikaf wit h him. Then Jibril came t o him and said; ` That which you are seeking is ahead of you.' So t he Prophet st ood up and gave a sermon on t he morning of t he t went iet h of Ramadan and he said,

る∠ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヶあルみ͡プ∠ ∇ノィ ͡ ∇ゲΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヶ ∠ バ͡ ョ∠ ブ ∠ ム∠ わ∠ ∇ハや ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ » ゲ͡ カ ͡ や∠ヱほ∠∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇ゼバ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ Β͡ジ∇ルぺ⊥ ヶあルま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡ケ∇ギボ∠ ∇ャや リ ∃ Β͡デ ヶ͡プ ギ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇シぺ∠ ヶあルほ∠ミ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ ∩∃ゲ∇ゎヱ͡ ヶ͡プ «￢ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (Whoever performed I` t ikaf wit h me, let him come back (for I` t ikaf again), for verily I saw t he Night of Al-Qadr, and I was caused t o forget it , and indeed it is during t he last t en (night s). It is during an odd night and I saw myself as if I were prost rat ing in mud and wat er.) The roof of t he Masj id was made of dried palm-t ree leaves and we did not see anyt hing (i.e., clouds) in t he sky. But t hen a pat ch of wind-driven clouds came and it rained. So t he Prophet lead us in prayer unt il we saw t he t races of mud and wat er on t he forehead of t he Messenger of Allah , which confirmed his dream.'' In one narrat ion it adds t hat t his occurred on t he morning of t he t went y-first night (meaning t he next morning). They bot h (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) recorded it in t he Two Sahihs. Ash-Shafi` i said, "This Hadit h is t he most aut hent ic of what has been report ed.'' It has also been said t hat it is on t he t went y-t hird night due t o a Hadit h narrat ed from ` Abdullah bin Unays in Sahih Muslim. It has also been said t hat it is on t he t went y-fift h night due t o what Al-Bukhari recorded from Ibn ` Abbas t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ツョ∠ ケ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゲ͡ カ ͡ や∠ヱほ∠∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇ゼバ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ジヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ャや» «ヴ∠ボ∇らゎ∠ る∃ ジ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠カ ヶ͡プ ∩ヴ∠ボ∇らゎ∠ る∃ バ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠シ ヶ͡プ ∩ヴ∠ボ∇らゎ∠ る∃ バ∠ シ ͡ ゅ∠ゎ (Seek it in t he last t en (night s) of Ramadan. In t he nint h it st ill remains, in t he sevent h it st ill remains, in t he fift h it st ill remains.) Many have explained t his Hadit h t o refer t o t he odd night s, and t his is t he most apparent and most popular explanat ion. It has also been said t hat it occurs on t he t went y-sevent h night because of what Muslim recorded in his Sahih from Ubay bin Ka` b t hat t he Messenger of Allah ment ioned t hat it was on t he t went y-sevent h night . Imam Ahmad recorded from Zirr t hat he asked Ubayy bin Ka` b, "O Abu Al-Mundhir! Verily, your brot her Ibn Mas` ud says whoever st ands for prayer (at night ) t he ent ire year, will cat ch t he Night of Al-Qadr.'' He (Ubayy) said, "May Allah have mercy upon him. Indeed he knows t hat it is during t he mont h of Ramadan and t hat it is t he t went y-sevent h night .'' Then he swore by Allah. Zirr t hen said, "How do you know t hat '' Ubayy replied, "By a sign or an indicat ion t hat he (t he Prophet ) informed us of. It rises t hat next day having no rays on it -- meaning t he sun.'' Muslim has also recorded it . It has been said t hat it is t he night of t he t went y-nint h. Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal recorded from ` Ubadah bin As-Samit t hat he asked t he Messenger of Allah about t he Night of Decree and he replied,

∩͡ゲカ ͡ や∠ヱほ∠∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇ゼバ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ジヨ͡ わ∠ ∇ャゅ∠プ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ツョ∠ ケ∠ ヶ͡プ» ゐ ∃ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∠リΑ͡ゲ∇ゼハ ͡ ヱ∠ ン∠ギ∇ェま͡ ゲ∃ ∇ゎヱ͡ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰルｚ み͡プ∠ ノ∃ ∇らシ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∠リΑ͡ゲ∇ゼハ ͡ ヱ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヨカ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∠リΑ͡ゲ∇ゼハ ͡ ヱ∠ «る∠ヤ∇Βャ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡ へ ヶ͡プ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∠リΑ͡ゲ∇ゼハ ͡ ヱ∠ ノ∃ ∇ジゎ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∠リΑ͡ゲ∇ゼハ ͡ ヱ∠ (Seek it in Ramadan in t he last t en night s. For verily, it is during t he odd night s, t he t went yfirst , or t he t went y-t hird, or t he t went y-fift h, or t he t went y-sevent h, or t he t went y-nint h, or during t he last night .) Imam Ahmad also recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said about t he Night of Al-Qadr,

ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠リΑ͡ゲ∇ゼハ ͡ ヱ∠ る∃ バ∠ シ ͡ ゅ∠ゎ ∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ バ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠シ る⊥ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡» キ͡ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヶ͡プ る∠ ヤ∠∇Βヤｚャや マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ る∠ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや «ヴ∠ダエ ∠ ∇ャや (Verily, it is during t he t went y-sevent h or t he t went y-nint h night . And verily, t he angels who are on t he eart h during t hat night are more numerous t han t he number of pebbles.) Ahmad was alone in recording t his Hadit h and t here is not hing wrong wit h it s chain of narrat ion. At Tirmidhi recorded from Abu Qilabah t hat he said, "The Night of Al-Qadr moves around (i.e., from year t o year) t hroughout t he last t en night s.'' This view t hat At -Tirmidhi ment ions from Abu Qilabah has also been recorded by Malik, At h-Thawri, Ahmad bin Hanbal, Ishaq bin Rahuyah, Abu Thawr, Al-Muzani, Abu Bakr bin Khuzaymah and ot hers. It has also been relat ed from Ash-Shafi` i, and Al-Qadi report ed it from him, and t his is most likely. And Allah knows best .

Supplication during the Night of Decree It is recommended t o supplicat e oft en during all t imes, especially during t he mont h of Ramadan, in t he last t en night s, and during t he odd night s of it even more so. It is recommended t hat one say t he following supplicat ion a lot : "O Allah! Verily, You are t he Oft Pardoning, You love t o pardon, so pardon me.'' This is due t o what Imam Ahmad recorded from ` A'ishah, t hat she said, "O Messenger of Allah! If I find t he Night of Al-Qadr what should I say'' He replied,

«ヶあレハ ∠ ブ ⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ヲ∠ ∇ヘバ∠ ∇ャや ぁょエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ヲｘ ヘ⊥ ハ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ ｚユヰ⊥ ∇ヤャや :ヶ͡ャヲ⊥ホ» (Say: "O Allah! Verily, You are t he Oft -Pardoning, You love t o pardon, so pardon me.'') At Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah have all recorded t his Hadit h. At -Tirmidhi said, "This Hadit h is Hasan Sahih.'' Al-Hakim recorded it in his Must adrak (wit h a different chain of narrat ion) and

he said t hat it is aut hent ic according t o t he crit eria of t he t wo Shaykhs (Al-Bukhari and Muslim). An-Nasa'i also recorded it . This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surah Laylat Al-Qadr, and all praise and blessings are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Lam Yakun (Al-Bayyinah) (Chapter - 98) Which was revealed in Al-Madinah The Messenger of Allah recited this Surah to Ubayy Imam Ahmad recorded from Anas bin Malik t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t o Ubayy bin Ka` b,

マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヶ͡ルゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ま͡» び͡ょ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ͡ ム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぴ « (Verily, Allah has commanded me t o recit e t o you (Those who disbelieve from among t he People of t he Script ure.)) Ubayy said, "He (Allah) ment ioned me by name t o you'' The Prophet replied,

«ユ∠バル∠ » (Yes.) So he (Ubayy) cried. Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i all recorded t his Hadit h from Shu` bah.

ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ͡ ム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぴ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ -る⊥ レ∠ Β∂ら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∠ Β∂ムヘ∠ レ⊥ョ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ -る∀ ヨ∠ Β∂ ホ∠ ∀ょわ⊥ ミ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ -り⇔ ゲ∠ ヰｚ ト ∠ ョぁ ゅ⇔ヘ⊥エタ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ∂ ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ベ ∠ ゲｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ -る⊥ レ∠ Β∂ら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢べ∠ィ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢べ∠ヘレ∠ ェ ⊥ リ ∠ Α∂ギャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ダヤ͡∇ガョ⊥ び-る͡ ヨ∠ Β∂ ボ∠ ャや リ ⊥ Α͡キ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ (1. Those who disbelieve from among t he People of t he Script ure and t he idolat ors, were not going t o leave unt il t here came t o t hem t he Bayyinah.) (2. A Messenger from Allah recit ing purified pages.) (3. Wherein are upright Books.) (4. And t he People of t he Script ure differed not unt il aft er t here came t o t hem t he Bayyinah.) (5. And t hey were commanded not , but t hat t hey should worship Allah, making religion purely for Him alone, Hunafa', and t hat t hey perform Salah and give Zakah, and t hat is t he right religion.)

Mentioning the Situation of the Disbelievers among the People of the Scripture and the Idolators As for t he People of t he Script ure, t hey are t he Jews and t he Christ ians, and t he idolat ors are t he worshippers of idols and fire among t he Arabs and t he non-Arabs. Muj ahid said, t hey are not going

び∠リΒムあ ヘ∠ レ⊥ョぴ (t o leave) "Meaning, t hey will not be finished unt il t he t rut h becomes clear t o t hem.'' Qat adah also said t he same t hing.

び⊥る∠レΒあ ∠ら∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ぴ (unt il t here came t o t hem t he Bayyinah.) meaning, t his Qur'an. This is why Allah says,

ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ͡ ム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぴ び る⊥ レ∠ Βあら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ リ ∠ Βあムヘ∠ レ⊥ョ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ (Those who disbelieve from among t he People of t he Script ure and idolat ors, were not going t o leave unt il t here came t o t hem t he Bayyinah.) Then He explains what t he Bayyinah is by His saying,

び り⇔ ゲ∠ ヰｚ ト ∠ ョぁ ゅ⇔ヘ⊥エタ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョあ ∀メヲ⊥シケ∠ ぴ (A Messenger from Allah, recit ing purified pages.) meaning, Muhammad and t he Magnificent Qur'an he recit es, which is writ t en down among t he most high gat hering in purified pages. This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

ン͡ギ∇Α∠ほ͡よ - り∃ ゲ∠ ヰｚ ト ∠ ョぁ る∃ ハ ∠ ヲ⊥プ∇ゲョｚ - る∃ ョ∠ ゲｚ ム∠ ョぁ ブ ∃ エ ⊥タ ⊥ ヴ∠プぴ び り∃ ケ∠ ゲ∠ よ∠ ュ∃ や∠ゲミ͡ - り∃ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ シ ∠ (In Records held in honor. Exalt ed, purified, in t he hands of scribes (angels). Honorable and obedient .) (80:13-16) Then Allah says,

び る∀ ヨ∠ Βあ ホ∠ ∀ょわ⊥ ミ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プぴ (Wherein are upright Books.) Ibn Jarir said, "Meaning in t he purified pages are Books from Allah t hat are upright , j ust and st raight . They have no mist akes in t hem because t hey are from Allah, t he Might y and Maj est ic.''

The Differing only occurred after the Knowledge came Allah says,

ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ｚ ま͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ベ ∠ ゲｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び る⊥ レ∠ Βあ ら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ (And t he People of t he Script ure differed not unt il aft er t here came t o t hem t he Bayyinah.) This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

ゅ∠ョ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲｚ ヘ∠ ゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∠マ͡ゃ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥∠ヱ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レΒあ ら∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ (And be not as t hose who divided and differed among t hemselves aft er t he Bayyinat came t o t hem. It is t hey for whom t here is an awful t orment .) (3:105) This refers t o t he people of t hose divinely revealed Script ures t hat were sent down t o t he nat ions t hat were before us. Aft er Allah est ablished t he proofs and evidences against t hem, t hey divided and differed concerning t hat which Allah had int ended in t heir Script ures, and t hey had many differences. This is like what has been report ed in a Hadit h t hat has many rout es of t ransmission,

∩⇔るホ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ギ∇ェま͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや キ∠ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ∇レを͡ ヴヤ∠ハ やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや ン∠ケゅ∠ダレｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ヱ∠

リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ヱ∠ ゐ ∃ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る⊥ ｚョほ⊥∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ベ ⊥ ゲ͡ わ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⇔るホ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ «り∠ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ ゅｚャま͡ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰヤぁミ⊥ ∩⇔るホ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ (Verily, t he Jews differed unt il t hey became sevent y-one sect s. And verily, t he Christ ians differed unt il t hey became sevent y-t wo sect s. And t his Ummah will divide int o sevent y-t hree sect s, and all of t hem will be in t he Fire except one.) They said, "Who are t hey, O Messenger of Allah'' He replied,

«ヶ͡よゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ゅ∠ョ» ((Those who are upon) what I and my Companions are upon.)

The Command of Allah was merely that They make their Religion solely for Him Allah says,

び∠リΑあギャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ダヤ͡∇ガョ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ Ι ｚ ま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And t hey were commanded not , but t hat t hey should worship Allah, making religion purely for Him alone,) This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥ル Ι ｚ ま͡ メ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚ リ͡ョ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ びラ ͡ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ (And We did not send any Messenger before you but We revealed t o him: La ilaha illa Ana.) (21:25) Thus, Allah says,

び∠￢べ∠ヘレ∠ ェ ⊥ぴ (Hunafa') meaning, avoiding Shirk and being t ruly devout t o Tawhid. This is like Allah's st at ement ,

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや ラ ͡ ぺ∠ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚ る∃ ョｚ ぺ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プ ゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ び∠れヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚト∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ

(And Verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming): "Worship Allah, and avoid t he Taghut (false deit ies).'') (16:36) A discussion of t he word Hanif has already been ment ioned previously and in Surat Al-An` am, so t here is no need t o repeat it here.

び∠りヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and perform Salah) And t his is t he best of t he physical forms of worship.

び∠りヲ∠ミゴｚ ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (and give Zakah,) This is doing good t o t he poor and t he needy.

び͡るヨ∠ Βあ ボ∠ ャや リ ⊥ Α͡キ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (and t hat is t he right religion.) meaning, t he upright and j ust religion, or t he nat ion t hat is st raight and balanced.

リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ る͡ Αｚ ゲ͡ ら∠ ∇ャや ゲぁ セ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ル ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ｚ ま͡ ラ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ぼ⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ - る͡ Αｚ ゲ͡ ら∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ ∇リョ͡ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ヴ ∠ゼ ͡カ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ッ ͡ ケあ び ヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ (6. Verily, t hose who disbelieve from among t he People of t he Script ure and idolat ors, will abide in t he fire of Hell. They are t he worst of creat ures.) (7. Verily, t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, t hey are t he best of creat ures.) (8. Their reward wit h t heir Lord is Et ernal Gardens, underneat h which rivers flow. They will abide t herein forever, Allah will be pleased wit h t hem, and t hey well-pleased wit h Him. That is for him who fears his Lord.)

Mentioning the Worse and Best of Creation and Their Recompense Allah informs of what will happen t o t he wicked disbelievers among t he People of t he Script ure and t he idolat ors who oppose t he Allah's divinely revealed Books and t he Prophet s whom He

sent . He says t hat t hey will be in t he fire of Hell on t he Day of Judgement and t hey will abide t herein forever. This means t hat t hey will remain in it and t hey will have no way out of it and t hey will not cease being in it .

び͡るΑｚ ゲ͡ ら∠ ∇ャや ゲぁ セ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ (They are t he worst of creat ures.) meaning, t hey are t he worst creat ion t hat Allah has fashioned and creat ed. Then Allah informs about t he sit uat ion of t he right eous people who believed in t heir heart s and performed right eous deeds wit h t heir bodies. He says t hat t hey are t he best of creat ion. Abu Hurayrah and a group of t he scholars have used t his Ayah as a proof t hat t he believers have a st at us among t he creat ures t hat is bet t er t han t he angels. This is because Allah says,

び͡るΑｚ ゲ͡ ら∠ ∇ャや ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ (They are t he best of creat ures.) Then Allah says,

び∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ぼ⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ぴ (Their reward wit h t heir Lord) meaning, on t he Day of Judgement .

リ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘ や ゅ∠ヰわ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ∇リョ͡ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ラ ∃ ∇ギハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ぴ び⇔やギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ (is Et ernal Gardens underneat h which rivers flow. They will abide t herein forever,) meaning, having no end, no break and no conclusion.

び⊥ヮ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヴ ∠ッ ͡ ケあ ぴ (Allah will be pleased wit h t hem, and t hey well-pleased wit h Him.) The condit ion of Him being pleased wit h t hem is more illust ri- ous t han all of t he everlast ing delight s t hat t hey will be given.

び⊥ヮ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッ∠ケ∠ヱぴ (and t hey well-pleased wit h Him.) Due t o t he comprehensive favors He has given t hem. Then Allah says,

び⊥ヮよｚ ケ∠ ヴ ∠ゼ ͡カ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ

(That is for him who fears his Lord.) meaning, t his is t he reward t hat will be at t ained by t hose who revere Allah and fear Him as He deserves t o be feared. This is t he person who worships Allah as if he sees Him, and he knows t hat even t hough he does not see Him, indeed Allah sees him. Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

«∨͡るΑｚ ゲ͡ ら∠ ∇ャや ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ら͡ ∇カぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» (Shall I not inform you of t he best of creat ion) They said, "Of course, O Messenger of Allah!'' He said,

ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ∩͡ぶや モ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プ ヮ͡ シ ͡ ゲ∠ プ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠レバ͡ よ͡ ∀グ͡カへ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ» ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ら͡ ∇カぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ .ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ン∠ヲわ∠ ∇シや る∀ バ∠ ∇Βワ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ «るｚΑゲ͡ ら∠ ∇ャや (A man who t akes t he reins of his horse in t he way of Allah, and whenever t here is a fearful cry from t he enemy, he climbs upon it . Shall I not inform you of t he best of creat ion) They said, "Of course, O Messenger of Allah!'' He said,

ヶ͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ り∠ ゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ユ⊥ Β͡ボΑ⊥ ∩͡ヮヨ͡ レ∠ ビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ る∃ ヤｚを⊥ ヶ͡プ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ» «∨͡るΑｚ ゲ͡ ら∠ ∇ャや ゲあ ゼ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ら͡ ∇カぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ .り∠ ゅ∠ミゴｚ ャや (A man who has a flock of sheep and he est ablishes t he prayer and gives t he obligat ory charit y. Shall I not inform you of t he worst of creat ion) They said, "Of course.'' He said,

«ヮ͡よ ヶ͡ト∇バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ メ ⊥ ほ∠∇ジΑ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚや» (The person who is asked by Allah and he does not give by Him.) This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Lam Yakun (Al-Bayyinah), and all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surah Idha Zulzilat (Az-Zalzalah) (Chapter - 99) Which was revealed in Makkah The Virtues of Surat Az-Zalzalah Imam Ahmad recorded from ` Abdullah bin ` Amr t hat he said, "A man came t o t he Messenger of Allah and said, ` Teach me what t o recit e, O Messenger of Allah!' The Prophet said,

«ゲャや れ ͡ や∠ヱク∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ ∇ぺゲ∠ ∇ホや» (Recit e t hree from t hose ぴwhich beginび wit h t he let t ers Alif, Lam, Ra') The man t hen said t o him, ` I have become old in age, my heart has hardened and my t ongue has become harsh.' The Prophet said,

«ユェ れ ͡ や∠ヱク∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ぺゲ∠ ∇ホゅ∠プ» (Then recit e from t hose ぴwhich beginび wit h t he let t ers Ha-Mim.) The man said t he same t hing as he had said before, so t he Prophet said,

«れゅ∠エらあ ジ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ ∇ぺゲ∠ ∇ホや» (Recit e t hree from t he Musabbihat .) The man again said t he same t hing as he had said before. Then t he man said, ` Rat her give me somet hing t o recit e t hat is comprehensive (of all of t hese), O Messenger of Allah.' So t he Prophet t old him t o recit e

び ゅ∠ヰャ∠や∠ゴ∇ャコ͡ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやろ ͡ ャ∠ゴ͡ ∇ャコ⊥ や∠クま͡ぴ (When t he eart h quakes wit h it s Zilzal.) Then when he (t he Prophet ) finished recit ing t he Surah t o him t he man said, ` By He Who has sent you you wit h t he t rut h as a Prophet , I will never add anyt hing else t o it .' Then t he man t urned away and left , and t he Prophet said,

«モ͡イ∇Αヱ∠ ゲぁ ャや ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇プぺ∠ ∩⊥モイ ͡ ∇Αヱ∠ ゲぁ ャや ウ ∠ ヤ∠∇プぺ∠» (The lit t le man has been successful, t he lit t le man has been successful.) Then t he Prophet said,

«ヮ͡よ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠» (Bring him back t o me.) So t he man came t o him and t he Prophet said t o him,

ロ͡ グ͡ ヰ∠ ャ͡ や⇔ギΒ͡ハ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヴ∠エ∇ッほ∠∇ャや ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ よ͡ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥» «るｚョほ⊥∇ャや (I have also been commanded t o celebrat e ` Id Al-Adha, which Allah has made a celebrat ion for t his Ummah.) The man said ` What do you t hink if I am only able t o acquire a borrowed milking she-camel -- should I slaught er it ' The Prophet said,

ポ ∠ ゲ∠ プ͡ ゅ∠ニぺ∠ ユ⊥ あヤボ∠ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇バセ ∠ ∇リョ͡ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ マ ∠ レｚ ム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ャ» ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヨゎ∠ ポ ∠ や∠グプ∠ マ ∠ わ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ハ ペ ⊥ ヤ͡∇エゎ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ よ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠セ ゾ ぁ ボ⊥ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ «モ∠ィヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ͡ や ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ マ ∠ わ͡ Βｚ エ ͡ ∇ッぺ⊥ (No. But you should cut your hair, clip your nails, t rim your must ache, shave your pubic area and t hat will be t he complet ion of your sacrifice wit h Allah, t he Might y and Maj est ic.)'' Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i recorded t his (Hadit h.

び͡ユΒ͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ろ ͡ ィ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ -ゅ∠ヰャ∠や∠ゴ∇ャコ͡ チ ⊥ ∇ケ∇Ιや ろ ͡ ャ∠ゴ͡ ∇ャコ⊥ や∠クま͡ぴ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ -ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ゅ∠ョ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ -ゅ∠ヰャ∠ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙや グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ -ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ヴ∠ェ∇ヱぺ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ -ゅ∠ワケ∠ ゅ∠ら∇カぺ∠ ゐ ⊥ ∂ギエ ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ -∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Β⊥ ャ∂ ゅ⇔ゎゅ∠わ∇セぺ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ケ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇ダΑ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ⇒∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ -ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ び-ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ や⇔ゲ∂ セ ∠ (1. When t he eart h quakes wit h it s Zilzal.) (2. And when t he eart h t hrows out it s burdens.) (3. And man will say: "What is t he mat t er wit h it '') (4. That Day it will declare it s informat ion.) (5. Because your Lord will inspire it .) (6. That Day mankind will proceed in scat t ered groups t hat t hey may be shown t heir deeds.) (7. So, whosoever does good equal t o t he weight of a speck of dust shall see it .) (8. And whosoever does evil equal t o t he weight of a speck of dust shall see it .)

The Day of Judgement, what will take place during it, the Condition of the Earth and the Condition of the People Ibn ` Abbas said,

び ゅ∠ヰャ∠や∠ゴ∇ャコ͡ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやろ ͡ ャ∠ゴ͡ ∇ャコ⊥ や∠クま͡ぴ

(When t he eart h quakes wit h it s Zilzal.) "This means t hat it will move from beneat h it .''

び ゅ∠ヰャ∠ゅ∠ボ∇をぺ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケΕ ∠ やろ ͡ ィ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he eart h t hrows out it s burdens.) meaning, it will t hrow fort h t hat which is in it of t he dead. More t han one of t he Salaf have said t his and it is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

∀￢∇ヴ∠セ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャや る∠ ャ∠ゴ∠ ∇ャコ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇ユム⊥ よｚ ケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚ や サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ び ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ (O mankind! Have Taqwa of your Lord! Verily, t he eart hquake (Zalzalah) of t he Hour is a t errible t hing.) (22:1) This is also similar t o His saying,

び ∇ろヤｚガ ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ∇ろボ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ - ∇れギｚ ョ⊥ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘ や や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And when t he eart h is st ret ched fort h, and has cast out all t hat was in it and became empt y.) (84:3-4) Muslim recorded in his Sahih from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ͡ や∠ヲト ⊥ ∇シほ⊥∇ャや メ ∠ ゅ∠ん∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ワギ͡ ら͡ ミ∠ ク∠ ゅ∠ヤ∇プぺ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや ヶ͡ボ∇ヤゎ⊥ » や∠グワ∠ ヶ͡プ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ モ ⊥ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや ￢⊥ ヶ͡イΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡るツ ｚ ヘ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ょ ͡ ワ∠ グｚ ャや ろ ⊥ ∇バト ∠ ホ∠ や∠グワ∠ ヶ͡プ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ノ⊥ デ ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや ￢⊥ ヶ͡イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ろ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ∇ろバ∠ ト ͡ ホ⊥ や∠グワ∠ ヶ͡プ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ベ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚジャや ￢⊥ ヶ͡イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ヨェ ͡ ケ∠ «ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ∠ルヲ⊥ハ∠ギ∠Α ｚユを⊥ ∩ヵ͡ギΑ∠ (The eart h will t hrow out t he pieces of it s liver (it s cont ent s). Gold and silver will come out like columns. A murderer will come and say, ` I killed for t his' The one who broke t he t ies of kinship will say, ` For t his I severed t he t ies of kinship' The t hief will say, ` For t his I got my hands amput at ed' Then t hey will leave it t here and no one will t ake anyt hing from it .)'' Then Allah says,

び ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ゅ∠ョ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ (And man will say: "What is t he mat t er wit h it '') meaning, he will be baffled by it s sit uat ion aft er it used t o be st able, set t led and firm, and he used t o be set t led upon it s surface. This refers t o t he alt erat ion of t he st at e of t hings and t he eart h moving and shaking. There will come t o it inescapable quaking t hat Allah prepared for it . Then it will t hrow out it s dead people -- from t he first t o t he last generat ions. At t hat t ime t he people will be baffled by t he

event s and t he eart h changing int o ot her t han t he eart h, and t he heavens as well. Then t hey will be present ed before Allah, t he One, t he Irresist ible. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ゅ∠ワケ∠ ゅ∠ら∇カぺ∠ ゐ ⊥ あギエ ∠ ゎ⊥ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (That Day it will declare it s informat ion.) meaning, it will speak of what t he people did upon it s surface. Imam Ahmad, At -Tirmidhi and Abu ` Abdur-Rahman An-Nasa'i all recorded a Hadit h from Abu Hurayrah -- and in t he wording of An-Nasa'i's version it st at es -- t hat he said, "The Messenger of Allah recit ed t his Ayah,

び ゅワ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ら∇カぺ∠ ゐ ⊥ あギエ ∠ ゎ⊥ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (That Day it will declare it s informat ion.) Then he said,

«∨ゅ∠ワケ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇カ∠ぺ ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケ∇ギゎ∠ ぺ∠» (Do you know what is it s informat ion) They said, ` Allah and His Messenger know best .' He said,

ゅ∠ヨよ͡ る∃ ョ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ギ∃ ∇らハ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ギ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅ∠ワケ∠ ゅ∠ら∇カぺ∠ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ » ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グミ∠ ヱ∠ や∠グミ∠ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ :メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ͡ ∇ヰニ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ «ゅ∠ワケ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇カぺ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ヰ∠ プ∠ ∩や∠グミ∠ ヱ∠ や∠グミ∠ (Verily, it s informat ion is t hat it will t est ify against every male and female servant , about what t hey did upon it s surface. It will say t hat he did such and such on such and such day. So t his is it s informat ion.)'' Then At -Tirmidhi said, "This Hadit h is Sahih Gharib.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ヴ∠ェ∇ヱぺ∠ マ ∠ よｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ほ∠よ͡ ぴ (Because your Lord will inspire it .) It is apparent t hat t he implied meaning here is t hat He will permit it (t he eart h). Shabib bin Bishr narrat ed from ` Ikrimah t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

び ゅ∠ワケ∠ ゅ∠ら∇カぺ∠ ゐ ⊥ あギエ ∠ ゎ⊥ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ (That Day it will declare it s informat ion.) "It s Lord will say t o it , ` Speak.' So it will speak.'' Muj ahid comment ed (on "inspire it ''), " He commands it (i.e., t o speak). '' Al-Qurazi said, "He will command it t o separat e from t hem.'' Then Allah says,

び⇔ゅゎゅ∠わ∇セぺ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ケ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇ダΑ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ

(That Day mankind will proceed in scat t ered groups (Asht at )) meaning, t hey will ret urn from t he st at ion of t he Judgement in separat e groups. This means t hat t hey will be divided int o t ypes and cat egories: bet ween t hose who are miserable and t hose who are happy, and t hose who are commanded t o go t o Paradise and t hose who are commanded t o go t o t he Hellfire. AsSuddi said, "Asht at means sect s.'' Allah said,

び∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Β⊥ ャあぴ (t hat t hey may be shown t heir deeds.) meaning, so t hat t hey may act and be rewarded for what t hey did in t his life of good and evil.

The Recompense for Every Minute Deed Therefore Allah goes on t o say,

∇モヨ∠ ⇒∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ヨ∠プぴ び ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ や⇔ゲ∂ セ ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ (So whosoever does good equal t o t he weight of a speck of dust shall see it . And whosoever does evil equal t o t he weight of speck of dust shall see it .) Al-Bukhari recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ∩∀ゲ∇わシ ͡ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ゲ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∩∀ゲ∇ィぺ∠ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ゲ∠ ャ͡ ∩∃るを∠ ゅ∠ヤん∠ ャ͡ モ ⊥ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや» ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰト ∠ よ∠ ケ∠ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ゲ∠ プ∠ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ .∀ケ∇コ͡ヱ モ⊥ィケ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∩∃るッ ∠ ∇ヱケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ァ ∃ ∇ゲョ∠ ヶ͡プ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠Β∠ デ ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠デほ∠プ∠ ぶ ͡ やモ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ る͡ ッ ∠ ∇ヱゲｚ ャや∠ヱ ァ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡Β∠ デ ͡ ヶ͡プ ∇ろよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ∇ろレｚ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠Β∠ デ ͡ ∇ろバ∠ ト ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∃れゅ∠レジ ∠ェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ れ ∃ ゅ∠レジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰを⊥ や∠ヱ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワケ⊥ ゅ∠をへ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ リ ͡ ∇Βプ∠ ゲ∠ セ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔プゲ∠ セ ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∇レョ͡ ∇ろよ∠ ゲ͡ ゼ ∠ プ∠ ゲ∃ ヰ∠ レ∠ よ͡ ∇れゲｚ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ャ͡ ヶ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ れ ∃ ゅ∠レジ ∠ェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヶ ∠ ボ͡ ∇ジΑ∠

∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘヘぁ ∠バ∠ゎ∠ヱ ゅ⇔Β⇒あレピ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰト ∠ よ∠ ケ∠ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ .∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ モ ͡ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヶ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ ゅ∠ワケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゅ∠ホケ͡ ヶ͡プ ぶ ͡ やペ ｚェ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ヶ ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ ￢⇔ や∠ヲル͡ ヱ∠ ￢⇔ ゅ∠Αケ͡ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ガプ∠ ゅヰ∠トよ∠ ケ∠ モ ∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀ゲ∇わシ ͡ «ケ∇コ͡ヱ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ (The horses are for t hree. For one man t hey are a reward, for anot her man t hey are a shield, and for anot her man t hey are a burden. In reference t o t he man for whom t hey are a reward, he is t he man who keeps t hem t o be used in t he way of Allah. Thus, t hey spend t heir ent ire life grazing in t he past ure or garden (wait ing in preparat ion for Jihad). So what ever afflict s t hem during t hat lengt hy period in t he past ure or garden, it will be count ed as good deeds for him. Then, if t heir lengt hy period is ended and t hey are used for a noble bat t le or t wo, t heir hoof print s and t heir dung are count ed as good deeds for him. When t hey passed t hrough a st ream from which t hey did drink, t hough he (t heir owner) does not int end t o quench t heir t hirst , yet , it would be count ed as good deeds, Therefore, t hey are a reward for t hat man. A man who keeps t hem t o maint ain himself and t o be independent of ot hers (i.e., begging, et c.), and he does not forget t he right of Allah upon t heir necks and t heir backs (i.e., t heir Zakah), t hen t hey are a shield for him (from t he Hellfire). A man who keeps t hem in order t o boast , brag and show off, t hen t hey are a burden for him (on Judgement Day).) So t he Messenger of Allah was t hen asked about t he donkeys and he said,

り∠ クｚ ゅ∠ヘ∇ャや る∠ Α∠ ゅ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ぶ ⊥ や メ ∠ ゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ» る∠ バ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや ∇モヨ∠ ⇒∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ヨ∠プぴ び ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ や⇔ゲ∂ セ ∠ り∃ ケｚ ク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ « (Allah has not revealed anyt hing concerning t hem except t his single, comprehensive Ayah: (So whosoever does good equal t o t he weight of a speck of dust shall see it . And whosoever does evil equal t o t he weight of speck of dust shall see it .)) Muslim also recorded t his Hadit h. In Sahih Al-Bukhari, it is recorded from ` Adi t hat t he Prophet said,

«る∠ら⇒あΒデ ∠ る∃ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∃りゲ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ ペ あゼ ͡ よ͡ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや やヲ⊥ボ⇒⇒ｚゎや»

(Fear (ward off) t he Fire, even if by giving half a dat e in charit y, and even by saying a single word of good.) In t he Sahih as well, he (` Adi) narrat ed (from t he Prophet ):

∇リョ͡ パ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ｚ ゲ∠ ボ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ» ポ ∠ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇ヤゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ボ∇ジわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや ￢͡ ゅ∠ルま͡ ヶ͡プ ポ ∠ ヲ͡ ∇ャキ∠ «テ͡ジら∠ ⇒∇レョ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ マ ∠ ヰ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ ヱ∠ (Do not under rat e any good act , even if it is offering drinking wat er from your bucket t o one who is seeking a drink, or meet ing your brot her wit h a cheerful face.) It is also recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Prophet said,

∀り∠ケゅ∠ィ ラ ｚ ゲ∠ ボ͡ ∇エゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩͡れゅ∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや ￢͡ ゅ∠ジル͡ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バョ∠ ゅΑ∠ » «りゅ∠セ リ ∠シ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠イャ͡ (O part y of believing women! None of you should belit t le a gift sent by your neighbor, even if it is a Firsan of a sheep.) The word Firsan in t his Hadit h means it s hoof. In anot her Hadit h he said,

«ベ∠ゲ∇エョ⊥ ブ ∃ ∇ヤヌ ͡ よ͡ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ モ ∠ も͡ ゅｚジャや やヱぁキケ⊥ » (Give somet hing t o t he beggar, even if it is a burnt hoof.) It has been report ed from ` A'ishah t hat she gave a single grape in charit y and t hen she said, "To how much dust is it equivelent '' Imam Ahmad recorded from ` Awf bin Al-Harit h bin At -Tufayl t hat ` A'ishah t old him t hat t he Prophet used t o say,

リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩͡ゆヲ⊥ルグぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠ゲボｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ ポ ͡ ゅｚΑま͡ ∩⊥るゼ ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ハゅ∠Α» «ゅ⇔らャ͡ゅ∠デ ぶ ͡ や (O ` A'ishah! Beware of t he sins t hat are belit t led, for indeed t hey will be t aken account of by Allah.) This Hadit h was recorded by An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah.Imam Ahmad recorded from ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ ∇バヨ͡ わ∠ ∇イΑ∠ リ ｚ ヰ⊥ ルｚ ͡み∠プ ∩͡ゆヲ⊥ルグぁ ャや れ ͡ や∠ゲボｚ エ ∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡» «ヮ∠レ∇ムヤ͡∇ヰΑ⊥ ヴ∇わェ ∠ モ ͡ィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや (Beware of t he sins t hat are belit t led. For verily, t hey are gat hered in a man unt il t hey dest roy him.) And indeed t he Messenger of Allah made an example of t hem (sins t hat are t aken light ly) by saying t hat t hey are like a people who set t le in barren land. Then t heir leader comes and

orders t he men t o go out one at a t ime and each bring back a st ick unt il t hey have gat hered a large number of st icks. Then t hey kindled a fire and burned everyt hing t hat t hey t hrew int o it .This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Idha Zulzilat (Az-Zalzalah) and all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-` Adiyat (Chapter - 100) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ (In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

- ゅ⇔ェ∇ギホ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αケ͡ ヲ⊥ヨャゅ∠プ - ゅ⇔エ∇らッ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αギ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャや∠ヱぴ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ∠ ∇トシ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ - ゅ⇔バ∇ボル∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ゲを∠ ほ∠プ∠ - ゅ⇔エ∇らタ ⊥ れ ͡ ゲ∠ Β͡ピヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠プ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ∀キヲ⊥レム∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ラ ｚ ま͡ - ゅ⇔バ∇ヨィ ∠ や∠クま͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ - ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠ゼ∠ャ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや あょエ ⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ - ギ∀ Β͡ヰゼ ∠ ャ∠ - ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ モ ∠ダ あ ェ ⊥ ヱ∠ - ケ͡ ヲ⊥らボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ゲ∠ ん͡ ∇バよ⊥ び ∀ゲΒ͡らガ ∠ ャｚ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰよｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ (1. By t he ` Adiyat (st eeds), snort ing.) (2. St riking sparks of fire.) (3. And scouring t o t he raid at dawn.) (4. And raise t he dust in clouds t he while.) (5. And penet rat ing fort hwit h as one int o t he midst .) (6. Verily, man is ungrat eful t o his Lord.) (7. And t o t hat He bears wit ness.) (8. And verily, he is violent in t he love of wealt h.) (9. Knows he not t hat when t he cont ent s of t he graves are poured fort h) (10. And t hat which is in t he breast s shall be made known) (11. Verily, t hat Day t heir Lord will be Well-Acquaint ed wit h t hem.)

Swearing by the Horses of War about the Ungratefulness of Man and His Zeal for Wealth Allah swears by t he horses when t hey are made t o gallop int o bat t le in His pat h (i.e., Jihad), and t hus t hey run and pant , which is t he sound t hat is heard from t he horse when it runs.

び ゅ⇔ェ∇ギホ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠Αケ͡ ヲ⊥ヨャゅ∠プぴ (St riking sparks of fire.) meaning, t he st riking of t heir hooves on t he rocks, which causes sparks of fire t o fly from t hem.

び ゅ⇔エ∇らタ ⊥ れ ͡ ゲ∠ Β͡ピヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠プぴ (And scouring t o t he raid at dawn.) meaning, t he raid t hat is carried out in t he early morning t ime. This is j ust as t he Messenger of Allah used t o perform raids in t he early morning. He would wait t o see if he heard t he Adhan (call t o prayer) from t he people. If he heard it he would leave t hem alone, and if he didn't hear it he would at t ack. Then Allah says,

び ゅ⇔バ∇ボル∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ゲを∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (And raise t he dust in clouds t he while.) meaning, dust at t he place of t he bat t le wit h t he horses.

び ゅ⇔バ∇ヨィ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ∠ ∇トシ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (And penet rat ing fort hwit h as one int o t he midst .) means, t hen are all in t he middle of t hat spot , t oget her. Allah's saying;

び ゅ⇔エ∇らタ ⊥ れ ͡ ゲ∠ Β͡ピヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠プぴ (And scouring t o t he raid at dawn.) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and Qat adah, all said, "This means t he invasion of t he horses in t he morning in t he way of Allah.'' And His st at ement ,

び ゅ⇔バ∇ボル∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ゲを∠ ほ∠プ∠ ぴ (And raise t he dust in clouds t he while.) This is t he place in which t he at t ack t akes place. The dust is st irred up by it . And His st at ement ,

び ゅ⇔バ∇ヨィ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ∠ ∇トシ ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ (And penet rat ing fort hwit h as one int o t he midst .) Al-` Awfi narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas, ` At a, ` Ikrimah, Qat adah and Ad-Dahhak t hat t hey all said, "This means int o t he midst of t he disbelieving enemy.'' Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び ∀キヲ⊥レム∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, man is ungrat eful (Kanud) t o his Lord.) This is t he subj ect what is being sworn about , and it means t hat he (man) is ungrat eful for t he favors of His Lord and he rej ect s t hem. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Abu Al-Jawza', Abu Al-` Aliyah, Abu Ad-Duha, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Muhammad bin Qays, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and Ibn Zayd all said, "Al-Kanud means ungrat eful.'' Al-Hasan said, "Al-Kanud is t he one who count s t he calamit ies (t hat befall him) and he forget s Allah's favors.''

Concerning Allah's statement,

び ∀ギΒ͡ヰゼ ∠ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And t o t hat He bears wit ness.) Qat adah and Sufyan At h-Thawri bot h said, "And indeed Allah is a wit ness t o t hat .'' It is also possible t hat t he pronoun (He) could be referring t o man. This was said by Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi. Thus, it s meaning would be t hat man is a wit ness himself t o t he fact t hat he is ungrat eful. This is obvious in his condit ion, meaning t his is apparent from his st at ement s and deeds. This is as Allah says,

ぶや ギ∠ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ジョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヨ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ リ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョぴ び͡ゲ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒∠セ (It is not for t he idolat ors, t o maint ain t he Masaj id of Allah, while t hey wit ness disbelief against t hemselves.) (9:17) Allah said;

び ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠ゼ∠ャ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや あょエ ⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ (And verily, he is violent in t he love of wealt h.) meaning, and indeed in his love of t he good, which is wealt h, he is severe. There are t wo opinions concerning t his. One of t hem is t hat it means t hat he is severe. There are t wo opinions concerning t his. One of t hem is t hat it means t hat he is severe in his love of wealt h. The ot her view is t hat it means he is covet ous and st ingy due t o t he love of wealt h. However, bot h views are correct .

The Threat about the Hereafter Then Allah encourages abst inence from worldly t hings and st riving for t he Hereaft er, and He informs of what t he sit uat ion will be aft er t his present condit ion, and what man will face of horrors. He says,

び ケ͡ ヲ⊥らボ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ ゲ∠ ん͡ ∇バよ⊥ や∠クま͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ (Knows he not t hat when t he cont ent s of t he graves are poured fort h) meaning, t he dead t hat are in it will be brought out .

び ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ ぁ ャや ヴ͡プ ゅ∠ョ モ ∠ダ あ ェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t hat which is in t he breast s shall be made known) Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers have said, "This means what was in t heir souls would be exposed and made apparent .''

び ∀ゲΒ͡らガ ∠ ャｚ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰよｚ ケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ

(Verily, t hat Day t heir Lord will be Well-Acquaint ed wit h t hem.) meaning, He knows all of t hat t hey used t o do, and He will compensat e t hem for it wit h t he most deserving reward. He does not do even t he slight est amount of inj ust ice. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-` Adiyat , and all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Qari` ah (Chapter - 101) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

る⊥ ハ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ - る⊥ ハ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ - る⊥ ハ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャやぴ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ - ゐ ͡ ヲ⊥ん∇らヨ∠ ∇ャや ス ͡ や∠ゲヘ∠ ∇ャゅ∠ミ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ レ⊥ Α͡コヲ∠ ョ∠ ∇ろヤ∠ボ⊥ を∠ リ∠ョ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ - ス ͡ ヲ⊥ヘレ∠ヨ∇ャや リ ͡ ∇ヰバ͡ ∇ャゅ∠ミ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ヮ⊥ レ⊥ Α͡コヲ∠ ョ∠ ∇ろヘｚ カ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ る∃ Β∠ ッ ͡ やｚケ る∃ ゼ ∠ Β͡ハ ヴ͡プ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ び る∀ Β∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ェ ∀ケゅ∠ル ∇ヮΒ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ る∀ Α∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠ワ ヮ⊥ ぁョほ⊥プ∠ (1. Al-Qari` ah.) (2. What is Al-Qari` ah) (3. And what will make you know what Al-Qari` ah is) (4. It is a Day whereon mankind will be like mot hs scat t ered about .) (5. And t he mount ains will be like wool, carded.) (6. Then as for him whose Balance will be heavy,) (7. He will live a pleasant life.) (8. But as for him whose Balance will be light ,) (9. His mot her will be Hawiyah.) (10. And what will make you know what it is) (11. A fire Hamiyah!)

Al-Qari` ah is one of the names of the Day of Judgement, like AlHaqqah, At-Tammah, As-Sakhkhah, Al-Ghashiyah and other names. Then Allah int ensifies concern and fright for it by saying,

び る⊥ ハ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And what will make you know what Al-Qari` ah is) Then He explains t his by saying,

びゐ ͡ ヲ⊥ん∇らヨ∠ ∇ャや ス ͡ や∠ゲヘ∠ ∇ャゅ∠ミ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ

(It is a Day whereon mankind will be like mot hs scat t ered about .) meaning, in t heir scat t ering, t heir dividing, t heir coming and t heir going, all due t o being bewildered at what is happening t o t hem, t hey will be like scat t ered mot hs. This is like Allah's st at ement ,

び∀ゲゼ ͡ わ∠ レぁョ ∀キや∠ゲ∠ィ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ぴ (As if t hey were locust s spread abroad.) (54:7) Allah said,

びス ͡ ヲ⊥ヘレ∠ヨ∇ャや リ ͡ ∇ヰバ͡ ∇ャゅ∠ミ メ ⊥ ゅら∠ イ ͡ ∇ャや ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And t he mount ains will be like wool, carded.) meaning, t hey will become like carded wool t hat has began t o wear out (fade away) and be t orn apart . Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, ` At a' Al-Khurasani, Ad-Dahhak and As-Suddi have all said,

び͡リ∇ヰバ͡ ∇ャゅ∠ミぴ (like wool (` Ihn). ) "Woolen.'' Then Allah informs about t he result s received by t hose who performed t he deeds, and t he honor and disgrace t hey will experience based upon t heir deeds. He says,

び ヮ⊥ レ⊥ Α͡コヲ∠ ョ∠ ∇ろヤ∠ボ⊥ を∠ リ∠ョ ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ (Then as for him whose Balance will be heavy.) meaning, his good deeds are more t han his bad deeds.

び る∃ Β∠ ッ ͡ やｚケ る∃ ゼ ∠ Β͡ハ ヴ͡プ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ぴ (He will live a pleasant life.) meaning, in Paradise.

び ヮ⊥ レ⊥ Α͡コヲ∠ ョ∠ ∇ろヘｚ カ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (But as for him whose Balance will be light .) meaning, his bad deeds are more t han his good deeds. Then Allah says,

び る∀ Α∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠ワ ヮ⊥ ぁョほ⊥プ∠ ぴ (His mot her will be Hawiyah.) It has been said t hat t his means he will be falling and t umbling headfirst int o t he fire of Hell, and t he expression ` his mot her' has been used t o refer t o his brain (as it is t he mot her of his head). A st at ement similar t o t his has been report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah, Abu Salih and Qat adah. Qat adah said, "He will fall int o t he Hellfire on his head.'' Abu Salih made a similar st at ement when he said, "They will fall int o t he Fire on t heir heads.'' It has also been said t hat it means his mot her t hat he will ret urn t o and end up wit h in t he Hereaft er will be Hawiyah, which is one of t he names of t he Hellfire. Ibn Jarir said, "Al-

Hawiyah is only called his mot her because he will have no ot her abode except for it .'' Ibn Zayd said, "Al-Hawiyah is t he Fire, and it will be his mot her and his abode t o which he will ret urn, and where he will be set t led.'' Then he recit ed t he Ayah,

び⊥ケゅｚレャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Their abode will be t he Fire.) (3:151) Ibn Abi Hat im said t hat it has been narrat ed from Qat adah t hat he said, "It is t he Fire, and it is t heir abode.'' Thus, Allah says in explaining t he meaning of Al-Hawiyah,

び ∇ヮΒ∠ ワ͡ ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (And what will make you know what it is). Allah's st at ement

び る∀ Β∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ェ ∀ケゅ∠ルぴ (A fire Hamiyah!) meaning, ext reme heat . It is a heat t hat is accompanied by a st rong flame and fire. It is narrat ed from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Prophet said,

リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀￢∇ゴィ ⊥ ∩∠ラヱ⊥ギホ͡ ヲ⊥ゎ ヶ͡わャｚや ュ∠ キ∠ へ ヶ͡レよ∠ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ル» «ユｚレヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ル ∇リョ͡ や⇔￢∇ゴィ ⊥ (The fire of t he Children of Adam t hat you all kindle is one part of t he sevent y part s of t he fire of Hell.) They (t he Companions) said, "O Messenger of Allah! Isn't it sufficient '' He replied,

«や⇔￢∇ゴィ ⊥ リ ∠ Βあわシ ͡ ヱ∠ る∃ バ∠ ∇ジわ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろヤ∠ツ あ プ⊥ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡» (It is more t han it by sixt y-nine t imes.) This has been recorded by Al-Bukhari and Muslim. In some of t he wordings he st at ed,

ｚリヰ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ ∩や⇔￢∇ゴィ ⊥ リ ∠ Βあわシ ͡ ヱ∠ る∃ バ∠ ∇ジわ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろヤ∠ツ あ プ⊥ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡» «ゅ∠ワゲあ ェ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ (It is more t han it by sixt y-nine t imes, each of t hem is like t he heat of it .) It has been narrat ed in a Hadit h t hat Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Prophet said,

ヶ͡ヤ∇ピΑ∠ ∩͡ラゅ∠ヤ∇バル∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇リョ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや モ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» «ヮ⊥ビゅ∠ョキ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ (Verily, t he person who will receive t he light est t orment of t he people of t he Hellfire will be a man who will have t wo sandals t hat will cause his brain t o boil. )'' It has been confirmed in t he

Two Sahihs that the Messenger of Allah said,

モ ∠ ミ∠ ぺ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ゅ∠Α :∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ボプ∠ ゅ∠ヰよあ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや ろ ͡ ム∠ わ∠ ∇セや ヶ͡プ ザ ∃ ヘ∠ ル∠ :リ ͡ ∇Βジ ∠ ヘ∠ レ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ラ ∠ ク͡ ほ∠プ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ヶ͡ツ∇バよ∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅョ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∩͡ブ∇Βダ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ザ ∃ ヘ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠わゼ あ ャや ブ ͡ ∇Βダ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワキ͡ ∇ゲよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢͡ ゅ∠わゼ あ ャや «ゅ∠ワゲあ ェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ (The Hellfire complained t o it s Lord and said, "O Lord! Some part s of me devour ot her part s of me.'' So He (Allah) permit t ed it t o t ake t wo breat hs: one breat h in t he wint er and one breat h in t he summer. Thus, t he most severe cold t hat you experience in t he wint er is from it s cold, and t he most severe heat t hat you experience in t he summer is from it s heat . ) In t he Two Sahihs it is recorded t hat he said,

り∠ ギｚ セ ͡ ラ ｚ み͡プ∠ ∩͡りゅ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ やヱ⊥キゲ͡ ∇よほ∠プ∠ ゲぁ エ ∠ ∇ャや ギｚ わ∠ ∇セや やク∠ ま͡» «ユｚレヰ∠ ィ ∠ ウ ͡ ∇Βプ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゲあ エ ∠ ∇ャや (When t he heat becomes int ense pray t he prayer when it cools down, for indeed t he int ense heat is from t he breat h of Hell.) This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Qari` ah, and all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat At-Takathur (Chapter - 102) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ

In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

Κ ｚ ミ∠ - ゲ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ボヨ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ケコ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ - ゲ⊥ を⊥ ゅｚムわｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ャぺ∠ぴ ∇ヲャ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ユ∠ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ヱ⊥ ゲ∠ わ∠ ャ∠ - リ ͡ Β͡ボΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ リ ͡ハ ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚリヤ⊥⇒∠∇ジわ⊥ ャ∠ ｚユを⊥ - リ ͡ Β͡ボΒ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ヱ⊥ ゲ∠ わ∠ ャ∠ び ユ͡ Β͡バレｚ ャや (1. The mut ual increase divert s you,) (2. Unt il you visit t he graves.) (3. Nay! You shall come t o know!) (4. Again nay! You shall come t o know!) (4. Again nay! You shall come t o know!) (5. Nay! If you knew wit h a sure knowledge.) (6. Verily, you shall see t he blazing Fire!) (7. And again, you shall see it wit h cert aint y of sight !) (8. Then on t hat Day you shall be asked about t he delight s!)

The Result of Loving the World and Heedlessness of the Hereafter Allah says t hat all are preoccupied by love of t he world, it s delight s and it s adornment s, and t his dist ract s you from seeking t he Hereaft er and desiring it . This delays you unt il deat h comes t o you and you visit t he graves, t hus becoming it s inhabit ant s. In Sahih Al-Bukhari, it is recorded in t he Book of Ar-Riqaq (Narrat ions t hat soft en t he Heart ) from Anas bin Malik, who report ed t hat Ubayy bin Ka` b said, "We used t o t hink t hat t his was a part of t he Qur'an unt il t he Ayah was revealed which says;

び ゲ⊥ を⊥ ゅｚムわｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ャぺ∠ぴ (The mut ual increase divert s you.)'' He was referring t o t he Hadit h in which t he Prophet said,

«ょ∠ワ∠ク ∇リョ͡ キ∃ や∠ヱ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ͡ ∇よゅ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠» (If t he Son of Adam had a valley of gold, he would desire anot her like it ...) Imam Ahmad recorded from ` Abdullah bin Ash-Shikhkhir t hat he said, "I came t o t he Messenger of Allah while he was saying,

び ゲ⊥ を⊥ ゅｚムわｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ャぺ∠ぴ

ゅｚャま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ョ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ∇モワ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ャゅ∠ョ ヶ͡ャゅ∠ョ :ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ⊥ ∇よや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ホギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∠ろ∇Βヤ∠∇よほ∠プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ジら͡ ャ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∠ろ∇Β⇒∠レ∇プほ∠プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤミ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ «∨∠ろ∇Βツ ∠ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ ((The mut ual increase divert s you.)'' He was referring t o t he Hadit h in which t he Prophet said,

«ょ∠ワ∠ク ∇リョ͡ キ∃ や∠ヱ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ͡ ∇よゅ͡ャ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠» (If t he Son of Adam had a valley of gold, he would desire anot her like it ...) Imam Ahmad recorded from ` Abdullah bin Ash-Shikhkhir t hat he said, "I came t o t he Messenger of Allah while he was saying,

び ゲ⊥ を⊥ ゅｚムわｚ ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ャぺ∠ぴ ゅｚャま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ョ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ∇モワ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ャゅ∠ョ ヶ͡ャゅ∠ョ :ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ⊥ ∇よや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ホギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∠ろ∇Βヤ∠∇よほ∠プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ジら͡ ャ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∠ろ∇Β⇒∠レ∇プほ∠プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヤミ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ «∨∠ろ∇Βツ ∠ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ ((The mut ual increase divert s you.)( The Son of Adam says, "My wealt h, my wealt h.'' But do you get anyt hing (of benefit ) from your wealt h except for t hat which you at e and you finished it , or t hat which you clot hed yourself wit h and you wore it out , or t hat which you gave as charit y and you have spent it )'' Muslim, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i also recorded t his Hadit h. Muslim recorded in his Sahih from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヮ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ョ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ャゅ∠ョ ヶ͡ャゅ∠ョ :ギ⊥ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » ベ ∠ ギｚ ダ ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩ヴ∠ヤ∇よほ∠プ∠ ザ ∠ ら͡ ャ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩ヴ∠レ∇プほ∠プ∠ モ ∠ ミ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ :∀ゐゅ∠ヤ∠を «サゅｚレヤ͡ャ ヮ⊥ ミ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ゎヱ∠ ∀ょ͡ワや∠グ∠プ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ン∠ヲシ ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩ヴ∠ツ∇ョほ∠プ∠ (The servant says "My wealt h, my wealt h.'' Yet he only get s t hree (benefit s) from his wealt h: t hat which he eat s and finishes, t hat which he eat s and finishes, t hat which he wears unt il it is worn out , or t hat which he gives in charit y and it is spent . Everyt hing else ot her t han t hat will go away and leave him for t he people.) Muslim was alone in recording t his Hadit h. Al-Bukhari recorded from Anas bin Malik t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇ら∠Α∠ヱ ラ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇をや ノ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∀るを∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ろ ∠ Βあヨ∠ ∇ャや ノ⊥ ら∠ ∇わΑ∠ » ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ワぺ∠ ノ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ワぺ∠ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ ら∠ ∇わΑ∠ :∀ギ͡ェや∠ヱ «ヮヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇ら∠Α∠ヱ ∩⊥ヮャ⊥ゅ∠ョヱ∠ (Three t hings follow t he deceased person, and t wo of t hem ret urn while one remains behind wit h him. The t hings which follow him are his family, his wealt h and his deeds. His family and his wealt h ret urn while his deeds remain.) This Hadit h has also been recorded by Muslim, At Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i. Imam Ahmad recorded from Anas t hat t he Prophet said,

ソ ⊥ ∇ゲエ ͡ ∇ャや :ラ ͡ ゅ∠わレ∠ ∇をや ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ら∠Α∠ヱ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ⊥ ∇よや ュ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ » «モ∠ョほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ (The Son of Adam becomes old wit h senilit y, but yet t wo t hings remain wit h him: greed and hope.) Bot h of t hem (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) recorded t his Hadit h in t he Two Sahihs.

The Threat of seeing Hell and being questioned about the Delights

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay! you shall come t o know! Again nay! you shall come t o know!) Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "This is a t hreat aft er a t hreat .'' Ad-Dahhak said,

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay! you shall come t o know!) "Meaning, ` O you disbelievers.'

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Again nay! you shall come t o know!) meaning, ` O you believers.''' Then Allah says,

びリ ͡ Β͡ボΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ヲャ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay! you shall come t o know! Again nay! you shall come t o know!) Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "This is a t hreat aft er a t hreat .'' Ad-Dahhak said,

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ

(Nay! you shall come t o know!) "Meaning, ` O you disbelievers.'

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Again nay! you shall come t o know!) meaning, ` O you believers.''' Then Allah says,

びリ ͡ Β͡ボΒ∠ ∇ャや ユ∠ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ヲャ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay! If you knew wit h a sure knowledge.) meaning, ` if you knew wit h t rue knowledge, you would not be divert ed by rivalry for wealt h away from seeking t he abode of t he Hereaft er unt il you reach t he graves.' Then Allah says,

びリ ͡ Β͡ボΒ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ヱ⊥ ゲ∠ わ∠ ャ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ユ∠ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ヱ⊥ ゲ∠ わ∠ ャ∠ぴ (Verily, you shall see t he blazing Fire! And again you shall see it wit h cert aint y of sight !) This is t he explanat ion of t he previous t hreat which was in Allah's saying,

び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ｚユを⊥ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ (Nay! you shall come t o know! Again nay! you shall come t o know!) Thus, Allah t hreat ens t hem wit h t his sit uat ion, which is what t he people of t he Fire will see. It is a Fire, which if it exhaled one breat h, every angel who is near (t o Allah) and every Prophet who was sent would all fall down on t heir knees due t o fear, awe and t he sight of it s horrors. This is based upon what has been report ed in t he narrat ions concerning it . Allah t hen says,

び ユ͡ Β͡バレｚ ャや リ ͡ハ ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚリヤ⊥⇒∠∇ジわ⊥ ャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ (Then on t hat Day you shall be asked about t he delight s!) meaning, ` on t hat Day you all will be quest ioned concerning your grat it ude t owards t he favors t hat Allah blessed you wit h, such as healt h, safet y, sust enance and ot her t hings. You will be asked did you ret urn His favors by being t hankful t o Him and worshipping Him.' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Al-Husayn bin ` Ali As-Suda'i narrat ed t o him from Al-Walid bin Al-Qasim, who report ed from Yazid bin Kaysan, who report ed from Abi Hazim, who report ed from Abu Hurayrah t hat he said, "Once while Abu Bakr and ` Umar were sit t ing, t he Prophet came t o t hem and said,

«∨ゅ∠レヰ⊥ ワ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ∠ジ∠ヤ∇ィ∠ぺ ゅ∠ョ» (What has caused you t wo t o sit here) They replied, ` By He Who has sent you wit h t he t rut h, not hing has brought us out of our houses except hunger.' The Prophet said,

«ロ⊥ゲ∇Βビ ∠ ヶ͡レィ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヶ͡レん∠ バ∠ よ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ»

(By He Who has sent me wit h t he t rut h, not hing has brought me out ot her t han t his.) So t hey went unt il t hey came t o t he house of a man from t he Ansar, and t he woman of t he house received t hem. The Prophet said t o her,

«∨∀ラゅ∠ヤプ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠» (Where is so-and-so) She replied, ` He went t o fet ch some drinking wat er for us.' So t he man came carrying his bucket and he said, ` Welcome. Not hing has visit ed t he servant s (of Allah) bet t er t han a Prophet who has visit ed me t oday.' Then he hung his bucket near a palm t ree, and climbed it and ret urned t o t hem wit h a clust er of dat es. So t he Prophet said,

«∨∠ろ∇Β⇒∠レわ∠ ∇ィや ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠» Why didn't you pick (some of t hem)) The man replied, ` I want ed you t o choose wit h your own eyes.' Then he t ook a blade (t o slaught er a sheep) and t he Prophet said,

«ゆヲ⊥ヤエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ポ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡» (Do not slaught er one t hat gives milk.) So he slaught ered a sheep for t hem t hat day and t hey all at e. Then t he Prophet said,

∇リョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グワ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ｚリャ⊥ほ∠∇ジわ⊥ ャ∠» ∩や∠グワ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らタ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ やヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲゎ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∩⊥ネヲ⊥イ∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ «ユΒ͡バレｚ ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ や∠グヰ∠ プ∠ (You will be asked about t his on t he Day of Judgement . Hunger caused you t o come out of your homes and you did not ret urn unt il you had eat en t his meal. So t his is from t he delight s.)'' Muslim also recorded t his Hadit h. It has been confirmed in Sahih Al-Bukhari and t he Sunans of At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah from Ibn ` Abbas t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

る⊥ エ ｚダ あ ャや :サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プ ∀ラヲ⊥ら∇ピョ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠わヨ∠ ∇バル͡ » «パや∠ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ (Two favors are t reat ed unj ust ly by most people: healt h and free t ime.) This means t hat t he people are lacking grat it ude for t hese t wo favors. They do fulfill t heir obligat ions t o t hem. Therefore, whoever does not maint ain t he right t hat is obligat ory upon him, t hen he is unj ust . Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Prophet said,

ゅ∠Α : る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ :ラゅヘハ メゅホ モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ » マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ィヱｚ コ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡モよ͡ み͡∇ャや∠ヱ モ ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ヤヨ∠ ェ ∠ ∩∠ュキ∠ へ リ ∠ ∇よや ゲ⊥ ∇ムセ ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Αほ∠プ∠ ∩⊥サぺ∠∇ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ノ⊥ よ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ マ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠￢ゅ∠ジレあ ャや «∨∠マャ͡ク∠ (Allah t he Might y and Maj est ic says on t he Day of Judgement , "O Son of Adam! I made you ride upon t he horses and camels, I gave you women t o marry, and I made you reside and rule (in t he eart h). So where is t he t hanks for t hat '') Ahmad was alone in recording t his Hadit h in t his manner. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat At -Takat hur, and all praise and blessings are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-` Asr (Chapter - 103) Which was revealed in Makkah How ` Amr bin Al-` As was aware of the Qur'an's Miracle due to this Surah They have ment ioned t hat ` Amr bin Al-` As went t o visit Musaylimah Al-Kadhdhab aft er t he Messenger of Allah was commissioned (as a Prophet ) and before ` Amr had accept ed Islam. Upon his arrival, Musaylimah said t o him, "What has been revealed t o your friend (Muhammad ) during t his t ime'' ` Amr said, "A short and concise Surah has been revealed t o him.'' Musaylimah t hen said, "What is it '' ` Amr replied;

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ - ゲ∃ ∇ジカ ⊥ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ラ ｚ ま͡ - ゲ͡ ∇ダバ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ ペ あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇や∇ヲタ ∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ び ゲ͡ ∇らダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ∇や∇ヲタ ∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ ヱ∠ (By Al-` Asr. Verily, man is in loss. Except t hose who believe and do right eous deeds, and recommend one anot her t o t he t rut h, and recommend one anot her t o pat ience.) So Musaylimah t hought for a while. Then he said, "Indeed somet hing similar has also been revealed t o me.'' ` Amr asked him, "What is it '' He replied, "O Wabr (a small, furry mammal; hyrax), O Wabr! You are only t wo ears and a chest , and t he rest of you is digging and burrowing.'' Then he said, "What do you t hink, O ` Amr'' So ` Amr said t o him, "By Allah! Verily, you know t hat I know you are lying.'' I saw t hat Abu Bakr Al-Khara'it i ment ioned a chain of narrat ion for part of t his st ory, or what was close t o it s meaning, in volume t wo of his famous book Masawi' ul-Akhlaq. The Wabr is a small animal t hat resembles a cat , and t he largest t hing on it is it s ears and it s t orso, while t he rest of it is ugly. Musayli- mah int ended by t he composit ion of t hese nonsensical verses t o produce somet hing which would oppose t he Qur'an. Yet , it was not even convin- cing

t o t he idol wor- shipper of t hat t ime. At -Tabarani recorded from ` Abdullah bin Hisn Abi Madinah t hat he said, "Whenever t wo men from t he Companions of t he Messenger of Allah used t o meet , t hey would not part unt il one of t hem had recit ed Surat Al-` Asr in it s ent iret y t o t he ot her, and one of t hem had given t he greet ings of peace t o t he ot her.'' Ash-Shafi` i said, "If t he people were t o ponder on t his Surah, it would be sufficient for t hem.''

ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ -ゲ∃ ∇ジカ ⊥ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηや ラ ｚ ま͡ -ゲ͡ ∇ダバ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ ペ ∂エ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇や∇ヲタ ∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢ び-ゲ͡ ∇らダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ∇や∇ヲタ ∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ ヱ∠ (1. By Al-` Asr.) (2. Verily, man is in loss.) (3. Except t hose who believe and do right eous deeds, and recommend one anot her t o t he t rut h, and recommend one anot her t o pat ience.)

Al-` Asr is the time in which the movements of the Children of Adam occur, whether good or evil. Malik narrat ed from Zayd bin Aslam t hat he said, "It is t he evening.'' However, t he first view is t he popular opinion. Thus, Allah swears by t his, t hat man is in Khusr, which means in loss and dest ruct ion.

び͡ろ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚ ま͡ぴ (Except t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds) So Allah makes an except ion, among t he species of man being in loss, for t hose who believe in t heir heart s and work right eous deeds wit h t heir limbs.

びあペ∠エ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇や∇ヲ∠タや∠ヲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ (And recommend one anot her t o t he t rut h,) This is t o perform act s of obedience and avoid t he forbidden t hings.

び͡ゲ∇らダ ｚ ャゅ͡よ ∇や∇ヲ∠タや∠ヲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ (And recommend one anot her t o pat ience.) meaning, wit h t he plot s, t he evils, and t he harms of t hose who harm people due t o t heir commanding t hem t o do good and forbidding t hem from evil. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-` Asr, and all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Humazah (Chapter - 104) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

- ロ⊥ キ∠ ギｚ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ョ ノ∠ ヨ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚや - り∃ ゴ∠ ヨ∠ ャぁ り∃ ゴ∠ ヨ∠ ワ⊥ モ あ ム⊥ ャあ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱぴ - る͡ ヨ∠ ト ∠エ ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ グ∠ ら∠ レ⊥Βャ∠ Κ ｚ ミ∠ - ロ⊥ ギ∠ ヤ∠∇カぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ョ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ょ ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや - り⊥ ギ∠ ホ∠ ヲ⊥ヨ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ケ⊥ ゅ∠ル - る⊥ ヨ∠ ト ∠エ ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ͡プ - り∀ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ぽョぁ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅヰ∠ ルｚ ま͡ - り͡ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ⊥ ヤ͡ト ｚ ゎ∠ び り͡ キ∠ ギｚ ヨ∠ ョぁ ギ∃ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ (1. Woe t o every Humazah Lumazah.) (2. Who has gat hered wealt h and count ed it .) (3. He t hinks t hat his wealt h will make him last forever!) (4. But no! Verily, he will be t hrown int o AlHut amah.) (5. And what will make you know what Al-Hut amah is) (6. The fire of Allah, AlMuqadah,) (7. Which leaps up over t he heart s.) (8. Verily, it shall Mu'sadah upon t hem,) (9. In pillars st ret ched fort h.) Al-Hammaz refers t o (slander) by speech, and Al-Lammaz refers t o (slander) by act ion. This means t hat t he person finds fault wit h people and belit t les t hem. An explanat ion of t his has already preceded in t he discussion of Allah's st at ement ,

び ユ∃ Β͡ヨレ∠ よ͡ ￢͡ べｚゼョｚ コ∃ ゅｚヨワ∠ ぴ (Hammaz, going about wit h slander) (68:11) Ibn ` Abbas said, "Humazah Lumazah means one who reviles and disgraces (ot hers).'' Muj ahid said, "Al-Humazah is wit h t he hand and t he eye, and Al-Lumazah is wit h t he t ongue.'' Then Allah says,

び ロ⊥ キ∠ ギｚ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ョ ノ∠ ヨ∠ ィ ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (Who has gat hered wealt h and count ed it .) meaning, he gat hers it piling some of it on t op of t he rest and he count s it up. This is similar t o Allah's saying,

び ヴ∠ハ∇ヱほ∠プ∠ ノ∠ ヨ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And collect (wealt h) and hide it .) (70:18) This was said by As-Suddi and Ibn Jarir. Muhammad bin Ka` b said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び⊥ロキ∠ ギｚ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠ョ ノ∠ ヨ∠ ィ ∠ぴ (gat hered wealt h and count ed it .) "His wealt h occupies his t ime in t he day, going from t his t o t hat . Then when t he night comes he sleeps like a rot t ing corpse.'' Then Allah says,

び ロ⊥ ギ∠ ヤ∠∇カぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ョ ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ょ ⊥ ジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぴ (He t hinks t hat his wealt h will make him last forever!) meaning, he t hinks t hat gat hering wealt h will make him last forever in t his abode (t he worldly life).

びｚΚミ∠ ぴ (But no!) meaning, t he mat t er is not as he claims, nor as he reckons. Then Allah says,

び͡るヨ∠ ト ∠エ ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ラ ｚ ∠グ∠らレ⊥Β∠ャぴ (Verily, he will be t hrown int o Al-Hut amah.) meaning, t he person who gat hered wealt h and count ed it , will be t hrown int o Al-Hut amah, which is one of t he descript ive names of t he Hellfire. This is because it crushes whoever is in it . Thus, Allah says,

ヴ͡わャｚや - り⊥ ギ∠ ホ∠ ヲ⊥ヨ∇ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ケ⊥ ゅ∠ル - る⊥ ヨ∠ ト ∠エ ⊥ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ ポ ∠ や∠ケ∇キぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ び り͡ ギ∠ ゃ͡ ∇プΙ ｘ や ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ⊥ ヤ͡ト ｚ ゎ∠ (And what will make you know what Al-Hut amah is The fire of Allah, Al-Muqadah, which leaps up over t he heart s.) Thabit Al-Bunani said, "It will burn t hem all t he way t o t heir heart s while t hey are st ill alive.'' Then he said, "Indeed t he t orment will reach t hem.'' Then he cried. Muhammad bin Ka` b said, "It (t he Fire) will devour every part of his body unt il it reaches his heart and comes t o t he level of his t hroat , t hen it will ret urn t o his body.''

Concerning Allah's statement,

び り∀ ギ∠ タ ∠ ∇ぽョぁ ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ぴ (Verily, it shall Mu'sadah upon t hem.) meaning, covering, j ust as was ment ioned in t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Balad (see 90:20). Then Allah says,

び り͡ キ∠ ギｚ ヨ∠ ョぁ ギ∃ ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヴ͡プぴ (In pillars st ret ched fort h. ) "At iyah Al-` Awfi said, "Pillars of Iron.'' As-Suddi said, "Made of fire.'' Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, "He will make t hem ent er pillars st ret ched fort h, meaning t here will be columns over t hem, and t hey will have chains on t heir necks, and t he gat es (of Hell) will be shut upon t hem.'' This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Humazah, and all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Fil (Chapter - 105) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ - モ ͡ Β͡ヘ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ や⇔ゲ∇Βデ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠シ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ - モ ∃ Β͡ヤ∇ツゎ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ - モ ∃ Βあイシ ͡ リあョ り∃ ケ∠ ゅ∠イエ ͡ よ͡ ユ͡ヰΒ͡ョ∇ゲゎ∠ - モ ∠ Β͡よゅ∠よぺ∠ びメ ͡ ヲ⊥ミ∇ほョｚ ブ ∃ ∇ダバ∠ ミ∠ (1. Have you not seen how your Lord dealt wit h t he Owners of t he Elephant ) (2. Did He not make t heir plot go ast ray) (3. And He sent against t hem birds, in flocks (Ababil).) (4. St riking t hem wit h st ones of Sij j il.) (5. And He made t hem like ` Asf, Ma'kul.) This is one of t he favors Allah did for t he Quraysh. He saved t hem from t he People of t he Elephant who had t ried t o t ear down t he Ka` bah and wipe out all t races of it s exist ence. Allah dest royed t hem, defeat ed t hem, t hwart ed t heir plans, made t heir effort s in vain and sent t hem back rout ed. They were people who were Christ ians, and t hus, t heir religion was closer t o t he True Religion (Islam) t han t he idolat ry of t he Quraysh. However, t his was a means of giving a sign and preparing t he way for t he coming of t he Messenger of Allah . For verily, he was born during t hat same year according t o t he most popular opinion. So t he t ongue of dest iny was saying, "We will not help you, O people of Quraysh, because of any st at us you may have over t he Et hiopians (Abyssinians). We are only helping you in order t o defend t he Ancient House (t he Ka` bah), which We will honor, magnify, and venerat e by sending t he unlet t ered Prophet , Muhammad , t he Finalit y of all Prophet s.''

A Summary of the Story of the People of the Elephant This is t he st ory of t he people of t he Elephant , in brief, and summarized. It has already been ment ioned in t he st ory of t he People of t he Dit ch t hat Dhu Nuas, t he last king of Himyar, a polyt heist -- was t he one who ordered killing t he People of t he Dit ch. They were Christ ians and

t heir number was approximat ely t went y t housand. None of t hem except a man named Daws Dhu Tha` laban escaped. He fled t o Ash-Sham where he sought prot ect ion from Caesar, t he emperor of Ash-Sham, who was also a Christ ian. Caesar wrot e t o An-Naj ashi, t he king of Et hiopia (Abyssinia), who was closer t o t he home of t he man. An-Naj ashi sent t wo governors wit h him: Aryat and Abrahah bin As-Sabah Abu Yaksum, along wit h a great army. The army ent ered Yemen and began searching t he houses and loot ing in search of t he king of Himyar (Dhu Nuwas). Dhu Nuwas was event ually killed by drowning in t he sea. Thus, t he Et hiopians were free t o rule Yemen, wit h Aryat and Abrahah as it s governors. However, t hey cont inually disagreed about mat t ers, at t acked each ot her, fought each ot her and warred against each ot her, unt il one of t hem said t o t he ot her, "There is no need for our t wo armies t o fight . Inst ead let us fight each ot her (in a duel) and t he one who kills t he ot her will be t he ruler of Yemen.'' So t he ot her accept ed t he challenge and t hey held a duel. Behind each man was a channel of wat er (t o keep eit her from fleeing). Aryat gained t he upper hand and st ruck Abrahah wit h his sword, split t ing his nose and mout h, and slashing his face. But ` At awdah, Abrahah's guard, at t acked Aryat and killed him. Thus, Abrahah ret urned wounded t o Yemen where he was t reat ed for his inj uries and recovered. He t hus became t he commander of t he Abyssinian army in Yemen. Then t he king of Abyssinia, An-Naj ashi wrot e t o him, blaming him for what had happened (bet ween him and Aryat ) and t hreat ened him, saying t hat he swore t o t read on t he soil of Yemen and cut off his forelock. Therefore, Abrahah sent a messenger wit h gift s and precious obj ect s t o An-Naj ashi t o appease him and flat t er him, and a sack cont aining soil from Yemen and a piece of hair cut from his forelock. He said in his let t er t o t he king, "Let t he king walk upon t his soil and t hus fulfill his oat h, and t his is my forelock hair t hat I send t o you.'' When AnNaj ashi received t his, he was pleased wit h Abrahah and gave him his approval. Then Abrahah wrot e t o An-Naj ashi saying t hat he would build a church for him in Yemen t he like of which had never been built before. Thus, he began t o build a huge church in San` a', t all and beaut ifully craft ed and decorat ed on all sides. The Arabs called it Al-Qullays because of it s great height , and because if one looked at it , his cap would be in danger of falling off as he t ilt ed his head back. Then Abrahah Al-Ashram decided t o force t he Arabs t o make t heir pilgrimage t o t his magnificent church, j ust as t hey had performed pilgrimage t o t he Ka` bah in Makkah. He announced t his in his kingdom (Yemen), but it was rej ect ed by t he Arab t ribes of ` Adnan and Qaht an. The Quraysh were infuriat ed by it , so much so t hat one of t hem j ourneyed t o t he church and ent ered it one night . He t hen relieved himself in t he church and ran away (escaping t he people). When it s cust odians saw what he had done, t hey report ed it t o t heir king, Abrahah, saying; "One of t he Quraysh has done t his in anger over t heir House in whose place you have appoint ed t his church.'' Upon hearing t his, Abrahah swore t o march t o t he House of Makkah (t he Ka` bah) and dest roy it st one by st one. Muqat il bin Sulayman ment ioned t hat a group of young men from t he Quraysh ent ered t he church and st art ed a fire in it on an ext remely windy day. So t he church caught on fire and collapsed t o t he ground. Due t o t his Abrahah prepared himself and set out wit h a huge and powerful army so t hat none might prevent him from carrying out his mission. He t ook along a great , powerful elephant t hat had a huge body t he like of which had never been seen before. This elephant was called Mahmud and it was sent t o Abrahah from An-Naj ashi, t he king of Abyssinia, part icularly for t his expedit ion. It has also been said t hat he had eight ot her elephant s wit h him; t heir number was also report ed t o be t welve, plus t he large one, Mahmud -- and Allah knows best . Their int ent ion was t o use t his big elephant t o demolish t he Ka` bah. They planned t o do t his by fast ening chains t o t he pillars of t he Ka` bah and placing t he ot her ends around t he neck of t he elephant . Then t hey would make t he elephant pull on t hem in order t o t ear down t he walls of t he Ka` bah all at one t ime. When t he Arabs heard of Abrahah's expedit ion, t hey considered it an ext remely grave mat t er. They held it t o be an obligat ion upon t hem t o defend t he Sacred House and repel whoever int ended a plot against it . Thus, t he noblest man of t he people of Yemen and t he great est of t heir chiefs set out t o face him (Abrahah). His name was Dhu Nafr. He called his people, and whoever would respond t o his call among t he Arabs, t o go t o war against Abrahah and fight in defense of t he Sacred House. He called t he people t o st op Abrahah's plan t o

demolish and t ear down t he Ka` bah. So t he people responded t o him and t hey ent ered int o bat t le wit h Abrahah, but he defeat ed t hem. This was due t o Allah's will and His int ent t o honor and venerat e t he Ka` bah.

Dhu Nafr was captured and taken along with the army of Abrahah. The army cont inued on it s way unt il it came t o t he land of Khat h` am where it was confront ed by Nufayl bin Habib Al-Kat h` ami along wit h his people, t he Shahran and Nahis t ribes. They fought Abrahah but he defeat ed t hem and capt ured Nufayl bin Habib. Init ially he want ed t o kill him, but he forgave him and t ook him as his guide t o show him t he way t o Al-Hij az. When t hey approached t he area of At -Ta'if, it s people -- t he people of Thaqif -- went out t o Abrahah. They want ed t o appease him because t hey were fearful for t heir place of worship, which t hey called Al-Lat . Abrahah was kind t o t hem and t hey sent a man named Abu Righal wit h him as a guide. When t hey reached a place known as Al-Mughammas, which is near Makkah, t hey set t led t here. Then he sent his t roops on a foray t o capt ure t he camels and ot her grazing animals of t he Makkans, which t hey did, including about t wo hundred camels belonging t o ` Abdul-Mut t alib. The leader of t his part icular expedit ion was a man named Al-Aswad bin Mafsud. According t o what Ibn Ishaq ment ioned, some of t he Arabs used t o sat irize him (because of t he part he played in t his hist orical in t his hist orical incident ). Then Abrahah sent an emissary named Hanat ah Al-Himyari t o ent er Makkah, commanding him t o bring t he head of t he Quraysh t o him. He also commanded him t o inform him t hat t he king will not fight t he people of Makkah unless t hey t ry t o prevent him from t he dest ruct ion of t he Ka` bah. Hanat ah went t o t he cit y and he was direct ed t o ` Abdul-Mut t alib bin Hashim, t o whom he relayed Abrahah's message. ` Abdul-Mut t alib replied, "By Allah! We have no wish t o fight him, nor are we in any posit ion t o do so. This is t he Sacred House of Allah, and t he house of His Khalil, Ibrahim, and if He wishes t o prevent him (Abrahah) from (dest roying) it , it is His House and His Sacred Place (t o do so). And if He let s him approach it , by Allah, We have no means t o defend it from him.'' So Hanat ah t old him, "Come wit h me t o him (Abrahah).'' And so ` Abdul-Mut t alib went wit h him. When Abrahah saw him, he was impressed by him, because ` Abdul-Mut t alib was a large and handsome man. So Abrahah descended from his seat and sat wit h him on a carpet on t he ground. Then he asked his t ranslat or t o say t o him, "What do you need'' ` Abdul-Mut t alib replied t o t he t ranslat or, "I want t he king t o ret urn my camels which he has t aken from me which are t wo hundred in number.'' Abrahah t hen t old his t ranslat or t o t ell him, "I was impressed by you when I first saw you, but now I wit hdraw from you aft er you have spoken t o me. You are asking me about t wo hundred camels which I have t aken from you and you leave t he mat t er of a house which is (t he foundat ion of) religion and t he religion of your fat hers, which I have come t o dest roy and you do not speak t o me about it '' ` Abdul-Mut t alib said t o him, "Verily, I am t he lord of t he camels. As for t he House, it has it s Lord Who will defend it .'' Abrahah said, "I cannot be prevent ed (from dest roying it ).'' ` Abdul-Mut t alib answered, "Then do so.'' It is said t hat a number of t he chiefs of t he Arabs accompanied ` Abdul-Mut t alib and offered Abrahah a t hird of t he wealt h of t he t ribe of Tihamah if he would wit hdraw from t he House, but he refused and ret urned ` Abdul-Mut t alib's camels t o him. ` Abdul-Mut t alib t hen ret urned t o his people and ordered t hem t o leave Makkah and seek shelt er at t he t op of t he mount ains, fearful of t he excesses which might be commit t ed by t he army against t hem. Then he t ook hold of t he met al ring of t he door of t he Ka` bah, and along wit h a number of Quraysh, he called upon Allah t o give t hem vict ory over Abrahah and his army. ` Abdul-Mut t alib said, while hanging on t o t he ring of t he Ka` bah's door, "There is no mat t er more import ant t o any man right now t han t he defense of his livest ock and propert y. So, O my Lord! Defend Your propert y. Their cross and t heir cunning will not be vict orious over your cunning by t he t ime morning comes.'' According t o Ibn Ishaq, t hen ` Abdul-Mut t alib let go of t he met al ring of t he door of t he Ka` bah, and t hey left Makkah and ascended t o t he mount ains t ops. Muqat il bin Sulayman ment ioned t hat t hey left one hundred animals (camels) t ied near t he Ka` bah hoping

t hat some of t he army would t ake some of t hem wit hout a right t o do so, and t hus bring about t he vengeance of Allah upon t hemselves. When morning came, Abrahah prepared t o ent er t he sacred cit y of Makkah. He prepared t he elephant named Mahmud. He mobilized his army, and t hey t urned t he elephant t owards t he Ka` bah. At t hat moment Nufayl bin Habib approached it and st ood next t o it , and t aking it by it s ear, he said, "Kneel, Mahmud! Then t urn around and ret urn direct ly t o whence you came. For verily, you are in t he Sacred Cit y of Allah.'' Then he released t he elephant 's ear and it knelt , aft er which Nufayl bin Habib left and hast ened t o t he mount ains. Abrahah's men beat t he elephant in an at t empt t o make it rise, but it refused. They beat it on it s head wit h axes and used hooked st affs t o pull it out of it s resist ance and make it st and, but it refused. So t hey t urned him t owards Yemen, and he rose and walked quickly. Then t hey t urned him t owards Ash-Sham and he did likewise. Then t hey t urned him t owards t he east and he did t he same t hing. Then t hey t urned him t owards Makkah and he knelt down again. Then Allah sent against t hem t he birds from t he sea, like swallows and herons. Each bird carried t hree st ones t he size of chickpeas and lent ils, one in each claw and one in it s beak. Everyone who was hit by t hem was dest royed, t hough not all of t hem were hit . They fled in panic along t he road asking about t he whereabout s of Nufayl t hat he might point out t o t hem t he way home. Nufayl, however, was at t he t op of t he mount ain wit h t he Quraysh and t he Arabs of t he Hij az observing t he wrat h which Allah had caused t o descend on t he people of t he elephant . Nufayl t hen began t o say, "Where will t hey flee when t he One True God is t he Pursuer For Al-Ashram is defeat ed and not t he vict or. Ibn Ishaq report ed t hat Nufayl said t hese lines of poet ry at t hat t ime, "Didn't you live wit h cont inued support We favored you all wit h a revolving eye in t he morning (i.e., a guide along t he way). If you saw, but you did not see it at t he side of t he rock covered mount ain t hat which we saw. Then you will excuse me and praise my affair, and do not grieve over what is lost bet ween us. I praised Allah when I saw t he birds, and I feared t hat t he st ones might be t hrown down upon us. So all t he people are asking about t he whereabout s of Nufayl, as if I have some debt t hat I owe t he Abyssinians.'' ` At a' bin Yasar and ot hers have said t hat all of t hem were not st ruck by t he t orment at t his hour of ret ribut ion. Rat her some of t hem were dest royed immediat ely, while ot hers were gradually broken down limb by limb while t rying t o escape. Abrahah was of t hose who was broken down limb by limb unt il he event ually died in t he land of Khat h` am. Ibn Ishaq said t hat t hey left (Makkah) being st ruck down and dest royed along every pat h and at every wat er spring. Abrahah's body was afflict ed by t he pest ilence of t he st ones and his army carried him away wit h t hem as he was falling apart piece by piece, unt il t hey arrived back in San` a'. When t hey arrived t here he was but like t he baby chick of a bird. And he did not die unt il his heart fell out of his chest . So t hey claim. Ibn Ishaq said t hat when Allah sent Muhammad wit h t he prophet hood, among t he t hings t hat he used t o recount t o t he Quraysh as blessings t hat Allah had favored t hem wit h of His bount ies, was His defending t hem from t he at t ack of t he Abyssinians. Due t o t his t hey (t he Quraysh) were allowed t o remain (safely in Makkah) for a period of t ime. Thus, Allah said,

∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ - モ ͡ Β͡ヘ∇ャや ょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ よぁ ケ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ や⇔ゲ∇Βデ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠シ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ - モ ∃ Β͡ヤ∇ツゎ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ - モ ∃ Βあイシ ͡ リあョ り∃ ケ∠ ゅ∠イエ ͡ よ͡ ユ͡ヰΒ͡ョ∇ゲゎ∠ - モ ∠ Β͡よゅ∠よぺ∠ びメ ͡ ヲ⊥ミ∇ほョｚ ブ ∃ ∇ダバ∠ ミ∠

(Have you not seen how your Lord dealt wit h t he Owners of t he Elephant Did He not make t heir plot go ast ray And He sent against t hem birds, in flocks (Ababil). St riking t hem wit h st ones of Sij j il. And He made t hem like ` Asf, Ma'kul.)

ブ ͡ ∇Βダ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠わゼ あ ャや る∠ ヤ∠∇ェケ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ヤΑ͡ま - ズ ∃ ∇Αゲ∠ ホ⊥ ブ ͡ ⇒∠ヤΑ͡Ηぴ リあョ ユ⊥ヰヨ∠ バ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや - ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゆ ｚ ケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バ∠Β∇ヤ∠プ びフ ∃ ∇ヲカ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ネ ∃ ヲ⊥ィ (For t he Ilaf of t he Quraysh, t heir Ilaf caravans, in wint er and in summer. So, let t hem worship t he Lord of t his House, Who has fed t hem against hunger, and has made t hem safe from fear.) (106:1-4) meaning, t hat Allah would not alt er t heir sit uat ion because Allah want ed good for t hem if t hey accept ed Him. Ibn Hisham said, "Al-Ababil are t he groups, as t he Arabs do not speak of j ust one (bird).'' He also said, "As for As-Sij j il, Yunus An-Nahwi and Abu ` Ubaydah have informed me t hat according t o t he Arabs, it means somet hing hard and solid.'' He t hen said, "Some of t he comment at ors have ment ioned t hat it is act ually t wo Persian words t hat t he Arabs have made int o one word. The t wo words are Sanj and Jil, Sanj meaning st ones, and Jil meaning clay. The rocks are of t hese t wo t ypes: st one and clay.'' He cont inued saying, "Al-` Asf are t he leaves of t he crops t hat are not gat hered. One of t hem is called ` Asfah.'' This is t he end of what he ment ioned. Hammad bin Salamah narrat ed from ` Asim, who relat ed from Zirr, who relat ed from ` Abdullah and Abu Salamah bin ` Abdur-Rahman t hat t hey said,

び∠モΒ͡よゅ∠よぺ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βデ ∠ぴ (birds Ababil.) "In groups.'' Ibn ` Abbas and Ad-Dahhak bot h said, "Ababil means some of t hem following aft er ot hers.'' Al-Hasan Al-Basri and Qat adah bot h said, "Ababil means many.'' Muj ahid said, "Ababil means in various, successive groups.'' Ibn Zayd said, "Ababil means different , coming from here and t here. They came upon t hem from everywhere.'' Al-Kasa'i said, "I heard some of t he grammarians saying, "The singular of Ababil is Ibil.'' Ibn Jarir recorded from Ishaq bin ` Abdullah bin Al-Harit h bin Nawfal t hat he said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びモ ∠ Β͡よゅ∠よぺ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βデ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠シ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And He sent against t hem birds, Ababil.) "This means in divisions j ust as camels march in divisions (in t heir herds).'' It is report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,

びモ ∠ Β͡よゅ∠よぺ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βデ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠シ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And He sent against t hem birds, Ababil.) "They had snout s like t he beaks of birds and paws like t he paws of dogs.'' It has been report ed t hat ` Ikrimah said comment ing on Allah's st at ement ,

び∠モΒ͡よゅ∠よぺ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βデ ∠ぴ

(birds, Ababil.) "They were green birds t hat came out of t he sea and t hey had heads like t he heads of predat ory animals.'' It has been report ed from ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr t hat he comment ed:

び∠モΒ͡よゅ∠よぺ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βデ ∠ぴ (birds, Ababil.) "They were black birds of t he sea t hat had st ones in t heir beaks and claws.'' And t he chains of narrat ion (for t hese st at ement s) are all aut hent ic. It is report ed from ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr t hat he said, "When Allah want ed t o dest roy t he People of t he Elephant , he sent birds upon t hem t hat came from sea swallows. Each of t he birds was carrying t hree small st ones -t wo st ones wit h it s feet and one st one in it s beak. They came unt il t hey gat hered in rows over t heir heads. Then t hey gave a loud cry and t hrew what was in t heir claws and beaks. Thus, no st one fell upon t he head of any man except t hat it came out of his behind (i.e., it went t hrough him), and it did not fall on any part of his body except t hat it came out from t he opposit e side. Then Allah sent a severe wind t hat st ruck t he st ones and increased t hem in force. Thus, t hey were all dest royed.''

Concerning Allah's statement,

びメ ͡ ヲ⊥ミ∇ほョｚ ブ ∃ ∇ダバ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (And He made t hem like ` Asf, Ma'kul.) Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "This means st raw, which t he common people call Habbur.'' In a report from Sa` id he said, "The leaves of wheat .'' He also said, "Al-` Asf is st raw, and Al-Ma'kul refers t o t he fodder t hat is cut for animals.'' Al-Hasan AlBasri said t he same t hing. Ibn ` Abbas said, "Al-` Asf is t he shell of t he grain, j ust like t he covering of wheat .'' Ibn Zayd said, "Al-` Asf are t he leaves of veget at ion and produce. When t he cat t le eat it t hey defecat e it out and it becomes dung.'' The meaning of t his is t hat Allah dest royed t hem, annihilat ed t hem and repelled t hem in t heir plan and t heir anger. They did not achieve any good. He made a mass dest ruct ion of t hem, and not one of t hem ret urned (t o t heir land) t o relat e what happened except t hat he was wounded. This is j ust like what happened t o t heir king, Abrahah. For indeed he was split open, exposing his heart when he reached his land of San` a'. He informed t he people of what happened t o t hem and t hen he died. His son Yaksum became t he king aft er him, and t hen Yaksum's brot her, Masruq bin Abrahah succeeded him. Then Sayf bin Dhi Yazan Al-Himyari went t o Kisra (t he king of Persia) and sought his help against t he Abyssinians. Therefore, Kisra dispat ched some of his army wit h Sayf Al-Himyari t o fight wit h him against t he Abyssinians. Thus, Allah ret urned t heir kingdom t o t hem (i.e., t he Arabs of Yemen) along wit h all t he sovereignt y t heir fat hers possessed. Then large delegat ions of Arabs came t o him (Sayf Al-Himyari) t o congrat ulat e him for t heir vict ory. We have ment ioned previously in t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Fat h t hat when t he Messenger of Allah approached t he mount ain pass t hat would lead him t o t he Quraysh on t he Day of AlHudaybiyyah, his she-camel knelt down. Then t he people at t empt ed t o make her get up but she refused. So, t he people said, "Al-Qaswa' has become st ubborn.'' The Prophet replied,

∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∃ペヤ⊥ガ ⊥ ͡よ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ポ ∠ や∠ク ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩⊥￢や∠ヲ∇ダボ∠ ∇ャや れ ͡ ほ∠ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョ» «モΒ͡ヘ∇ャや ザ ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ェ ゅ∠ヰジ ∠ ら∠ ェ ∠

(Al-Qaswa' has not become st ubborn, for t hat is not part of her charact er. Rat her, she has been st opped by He Who rest rained t he Elephant (of Abrahah).) Then he said,

る⇔ ト ｚカ ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ヶあルヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» «ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ∇らィ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ぶ ͡ やれ ͡ ゅ∠ョゲ⊥ ェ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヌ あ バ∠ Α⊥ (I swear by He in Whose Hand is my soul, t hey (t he Quraysh) will not ask me for any mat t er (of t he t reat y) in which t he sacred t hings of Allah are honored except t hat I will agree wit h t hem on it .) Then he beckoned t he she-camel t o rise and she st ood up. This Hadit h is of t hose t hat Al-Bukhari was alone in recording. It has been recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat on t he Day of t he conquest of Makkah, t he Messenger of Allah said,

ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ テ ∠ ヤｚシ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠モΒ͡ヘ∇ャや る∠ ムｚ ョ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ザ ∠ ら∠ ェ ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ま͡» ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ゲェ ⊥ ∇れキ∠ ゅ∠ハ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ «ょ͡もゅ∠ピ∇ャや ギ⊥ ワ͡ ゅｚゼャや ヒ͡ ヤあら∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∩͡ザ∇ョほ∠∇ャゅ͡よ ゅ∠ヰわ͡ ョ∠ ∇ゲエ ⊥ ミ∠ (Verily, Allah rest rained t he Elephant from Makkah, and He has given His Messenger and t he believers aut horit y over it . And indeed it s sacredness has ret urned j ust as it was sacred yest erday. So, let t hose who are present inform t hose who are absent . ) This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Fil, and all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surah Quraysh (Chapter - 106) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ (In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ブ ͡ ∇Βダ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠わゼ あ ャや る∠ ヤ∠∇ェケ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ヤΑ͡ま - ズ ∃ ∇Αゲ∠ ホ⊥ ブ ͡ ⇒∠ヤΑ͡Ηぴ リあョ ユ⊥ヰヨ∠ バ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや - ろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゆ ｚ ケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バ∠Β∇ヤ∠プ びフ ∃ ∇ヲカ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ネ ∃ ヲ⊥ィ (1. For t he Ilaf of t he Quraysh.) (2. Their Ilaf caravans, in wint er and in summer.) (3. So, let t hem worship t he Lord of t his House.) (4. Who has fed t hem against hunger, and has made t hem safe from fear.)

This Surah has been separated from the one that preceded it in the primary Mushaf (the original copy of ` Uthman). They (t he Companions) wrot e "In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful'' on t he line (i.e., t he space) bet ween t hese t wo Surahs. They did t his even t hough t his Surah is direct ly relat ed t o t he one which precedes it , as Muhammad bin Ishaq and ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam have bot h clarified. This is because t he meaning of bot h of t hem is, "We have prevent ed t he Elephant from ent ering Makkah and We have dest royed it s people in order t o gat her (Ilaf) t he Quraysh, which means t o unit e t hem and bring t hem t oget her safely in t heir cit y.'' It has also been said t hat t he meaning of t his (Ilaf) is what t hey would gat her during t heir j ourney in t he wint er t o Yemen and in t he summer t o Ash-Sham t hrough t rade and ot her t han t hat . Then t hey would ret urn t o t heir cit y in safet y during t heir j ourneys due t o t he respect t hat t he people had for t hem because t hey were t he resident s of Allah's sanct uary. Therefore, whoever knew t hem would honor t hem. Even t hose who came t o t hem and t raveled wit h t hem, would be safe because of t hem. This was t heir sit uat ion during t heir j ourneys and t ravels during t heir wint er and summer. In reference t o t heir living in t he cit y, t hen it is as Allah said,

ブ ⊥ ト ｚガ ∠ わ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ⇔ゅレ͡ョや￢ ゅ⇔ョ∠ゲェ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ び∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや (Have t hey not seen t hat We have made it a secure sanct uary, while men are being snat ched away from all around t hem) (29:67) Thus, Allah says,

び∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ヤΑ͡ま ズ ∃ ∇Αゲ∠ ホ⊥ ブ ͡ ⇒∠ヤΑ͡Ηぴ (For t he Ilaf of t he Quraysh. Their Ilaf) This is a subj ect t hat has been t ransferred from t he first sent ence in order t o give it more explanat ion. Thus, Allah says,

びブ ͡ ∇Βダ ｚ ャや∠ヱ ￢͡ べ∠わゼ あ ャや る∠ ヤ∠∇ェケ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ヤΑ͡まぴ (Their Ilaf caravans, in wint er and in summer.) Ibn Jarir said, "The correct opinion is t hat t he let t er Lam is a prefix t hat shows amazement . It is as t hough He (Allah) is saying, ` You should be amazed at t he unit ing (or t aming) of t he Quraysh and My favor upon t hem in t hat .''' He went on t o say, "This is due t o t he consensus of t he Muslims t hat t hey are t wo separat e and independent Surahs.'' Then Allah direct s t hem t o be grat eful for t his magnificent favor in His saying,

びろ ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや や∠グ⇒∠ワ ゆ ｚ ケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バ∠Β∇ヤ∠プぴ (So, let t hem worship t he Lord of t his House.) meaning, t hen let t hem single Him out for worship, j ust as He has given t hem a safe sanct uary and a Sacred House. This is as Allah says,

ン͡グャｚや り͡ ギ∠ ∇ヤら∠ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ゆ あ ケ∠ ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ べ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ぴ リ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ￢∃ ヴ∠セ ぁモミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰョ∠ ゲｚ ェ ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや (I have been commanded only t o worship t he Lord of t his cit y, Who has sanct ified it and t o Whom belongs everyt hing. And I am commanded t o be from among t he Muslims.) (27:91) Then Allah says,

び∃ネヲ⊥ィ リあョ ユ⊥ヰヨ∠ バ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ (Who has fed t hem against hunger,) meaning, He is t he Lord of t he House and He is t he One Who feeds t hem against hunger.

び∃フ∇ヲカ ∇リョあ ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ (And has made t hem safe from fear.) meaning, He favors t hem wit h safet y and gent leness, so t hey should single Him out for worship alone, wit hout any part ner. They should not worship any idol, rival or st at ue besides Him. Therefore, whoever accept s t his command, Allah will give him safet y in bot h t his life and t he Hereaft er. However, whoever disobeys Him, He will remove bot h of t hem from him. This is as Allah says,

る⇔ レｚ ゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トョぁ る⇔ レ∠ ョ͡ や∠￢ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ る⇔ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ Κ ⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ゆ ∠ ゲ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ ユ͡ バ⊥ ∇ルほ∠よ͡ ∇れゲ∠ ヘ∠ ム∠ プ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ムョ∠ あモミ⊥ リあョ や⇔ギビ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ フ ͡ ∇ヲガ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ネ ͡ ヲ⊥イ∇ャや サ ∠ ゅ∠らャ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや ゅ∠ヰホ∠ や∠クほ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ロ⊥ ヲ⊥よグｚ ム∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ワ⊥ グ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ (And Allah put s forward t he example of a t ownship, t hat dwelt secure and well-cont ent : it s provision coming t o it in abundance from every place, but it denied t he favors of Allah. So, Allah made it t ast e ext reme of hunger and fear, because of t hat which t hey used t o do. And verily, t here had come unt o t hem a Messenger from among t hemselves, but t hey denied him, so t he t orment overt ook t hem while t hey were wrongdoers.) (16:112-113) This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surah Quraysh, and all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Ma` un

(Chapter - 107) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ぁネギ⊥ Α∠ ング͡ ャｚや マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ プ∠ - リ ͡ Αあギャゅ͡よ ゆ ⊥ あグム∠ Α⊥ ン͡グャｚや ろ ∠ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ぴ モ ∀ ∇Αヲ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ Β͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ͡ュゅ∠バ∠デ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぁヂエ ⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∠ユΒ͡わ∠Β∇ャや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ワゅ∠シ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ヤタ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ Βあヤダ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢へ∠ゲΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ (1. Have you seen him who denies Ad-Din) (2. That is he who repulses t he orphan,) (3. And urges not t he feeding of Al-Miskin.) (4. So, woe unt o t hose performers of Salah,) (5. Those who wit h t heir Salah are Sahun.) (6. Those who do good deeds only t o be seen,) (7. And wit hhold AlMa` un.)

Allah says, "O Muhammad! Have you seen the one who denies the Din'' Here t he word Din means t he Hereaft er, t he Recompense and t he Final Reward.

び ユ∠ Β͡わΒ∠ ∇ャや ぁネギ⊥ Α∠ ン͡グャｚや マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ プ∠ ぴ (That is he who repulses t he orphan, ) meaning, he is t he one who oppresses t he orphan and does not give him his j ust due. He does not feed him, nor is he kind t o him.

びリ ͡ Β͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぁヂエ ⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And urges not t he feeding of Al-Miskin.) This is as Allah says,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁッゅ∠エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ∠ユΒ͡わ∠Β∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇ムゎ⊥ Ι ｚ モ∠よ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ びリ ͡ Β͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ゅ∠バデ ∠ (Nay! But you t reat not t he orphans wit h kindness and generosit y! And urge not one anot her on t he feeding of Al-Miskin!) (89:17-18) meaning, t he poor man who has not hing t o sust ain him and suffice his needs. Then Allah says,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ワゅ∠シ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ヤタ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - リ ∠ Βあヤダ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ モ ∀ ∇Αヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ び (So, woe unt o t hose performers of Salah, t hose who wit h t heir Salah are Sahun.) Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers have said, "This means t he hypocrit es who pray in public but do not pray in privat e.'' Thus, Allah says,

び∠リΒあヤダ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあぴ (unt o t hose performers of Salah,) They are t hose people who pray and adhere t o t he prayer, yet t hey are mindless of it . This may eit her be referring t o it s act ent irely, as Ibn ` Abbas said, or it may be referring t o performing it in it s st ipulat ed t ime t hat has been legislat ed Islamically. This means t hat t he person prays it complet ely out side of it s t ime.

This was said by Masruq and Abu Ad-Duha. At a' bin Dinar said, "All praise is due t o Allah, t he One Who said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ワゅ∠シ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ヤタ ∠ リ∠ハぴ (wit h t heir Salah are Sahun.) and He did not say, ` t hose who are absent minded in t heir prayer.''' It could also mean t he first t ime of t he prayer, which means t hey always delay it unt il t he end of it s t ime, or t hey usually do so. It may also refer t o not fulfilling it s pillars and condit ions, and in t he required manner. It could also mean performing it wit h humilit y and cont emplat ion of it s meanings. The wording of t he Ayah comprises all of t hese meanings. However, whoever has any charact erist ic of t his t hat we have ment ioned t hen a port ion of t his Ayah applies t o him. And whoever has all of t hese charact erist ics, t hen he has complet ed his share of t his Ayah, and t he hypocrisy of act ions is fulfilled in him. This is j ust as is confirmed in t he Two Sahihs t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ∩͡ペプ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや り⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ∩͡ペプ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや り⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ » や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩∠ザ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ょ ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ザ ⊥ ヤ͡∇イΑ∠ ∩͡ペプ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや り⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩ゅ⇔バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ゲ∠ ボ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ホ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ヶ∠ル∇ゲホ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ «ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡ヤホ∠ ゅャｚま͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ぶ ∠ や ゲ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ (This is t he prayer of t he hypocrit e, t his is t he prayer of t he hypocrit e, t his is t he prayer of t he hypocrit e. He sit s wat ching t he sun unt il it is bet ween t he t wo horns of Shayt an. Then he st ands and pecks four (Rak` ahs) and he does not remember Allah (in t hem) except very lit t le.) This Hadit h is describing t he end of t he t ime for t he ` Asr prayer, which is t he middle prayer as

is confirmed by a t ext (Hadit h). This is t he t ime in which it is disliked t o pray. Then t his person st ands t o pray it , pecking in it like t he pecking of a crow. He does not have t ranquilit y or humilit y in it at all. Thus, t he Prophet said,

«ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡ヤホ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ぶ ∠ や ゲ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» (He does not remember Allah (in t hem) except very lit t le.) He probably only st ands t o pray it so t hat t he people will see him praying, and not seeking t he Face of Allah. This is j ust as if he did not pray at all. Allah says,

や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ハ ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギ͡ ⇒∠ガΑ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢へ∠ゲΑ⊥ ヴ∠ャゅ∠ジミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホ り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ (Verily, t he hypocrit es seek t o deceive Allah, but it is He Who deceives t hem. And when t hey st and up wit h laziness and t o be seen of men, and t hey do not remember Allah but lit t le.) (4:142) and Allah says here,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢へ∠ゲΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who do good deeds only t o be seen,) Imam Ahmad recorded from ` Amr bin Murrah t hat he said, "We were sit t ing wit h Abu ` Ubaydah when t he people ment ioned showing-off. A man known as Abu Yazid said, "I heard ` Abdullah bin ` Amr saying t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ノ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠シ ヮ͡ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ノ∠ ヨｚ シ ∠ ∩͡ヮ͡ヤ∠ヨ∠バ͡よ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ノ∠ ヨｚ シ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ロ∠ゲピｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ボｚ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮボ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ (Whoever t ries t o make t he people hear of his deed, Allah, t he One Who hears His creat ion, will hear it and make him despised and degraded.)'' from what is relat ed t o his st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢へ∠ゲΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who do good deeds only t o be seen.) is t hat whoever does a deed solely for Allah, but t he people come t o know about it , and he is pleased wit h t hat , t hen t his is not considered showing off. Allah said:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And wit hhold Al-Ma` un.) This means t hat t hey do not worship t heir Lord well, nor do t hey t reat His creat ion well. They do not even lend t hat which ot hers may benefit from and be helped by, even t hough t he obj ect will remain int act and be ret urned t o t hem. These people are even st ingier when it comes t o giving Zakah and different t ypes of charit y t hat bring one closer t o Allah. Al-Mas` udi narrat ed from Salamah bin Kuhayl who report ed from Abu Al` Ubaydin t hat he asked Ibn Mas` ud about Al-Ma` un and he said, "It is what t he people give t o each ot her, like an axe, a pot , a bucket and similar it ems.'' This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Ma` un, and all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Ma` un (Chapter - 107) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ぁネギ⊥ Α∠ ン͡グャｚや マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ プ∠ - リ ͡ Αあギャゅ͡よ ゆ ⊥ あグム∠ Α⊥ ン͡グャｚや ろ ∠ ∇Α￢∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ぴ モ ∀ ∇Αヲ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ Β͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ͡ュゅ∠バ∠デ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぁヂエ ⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∠ユΒ͡わ∠Β∇ャや リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ワゅ∠シ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ヤタ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ Βあヤダ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢へ∠ゲΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ (1. Have you seen him who denies Ad-Din) (2. That is he who repulses t he orphan,) (3. And urges not t he feeding of Al-Miskin.) (4. So, woe unt o t hose performers of Salah,) (5. Those who wit h t heir Salah are Sahun.) (6. Those who do good deeds only t o be seen,) (7. And wit hhold AlMa` un.)

Allah says, "O Muhammad! Have you seen the one who denies the Din'' Here t he word Din means t he Hereaft er, t he Recompense and t he Final Reward.

び ユ∠ Β͡わΒ∠ ∇ャや ぁネギ⊥ Α∠ ン͡グャｚや マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ プ∠ ぴ (That is he who repulses t he orphan, ) meaning, he is t he one who oppresses t he orphan and does not give him his j ust due. He does not feed him, nor is he kind t o him.

びリ ͡ Β͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ぁヂエ ⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And urges not t he feeding of Al-Miskin.) This is as Allah says,

ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁッゅ∠エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ∠ユΒ͡わ∠Β∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇ムゎ⊥ Ι ｚ モ∠よ Κ ｚ ミ∠ ぴ びリ ͡ Β͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャや ュ͡ ゅバ∠ デ ∠ (Nay! But you t reat not t he orphans wit h kindness and generosit y! And urge not one anot her on t he feeding of Al-Miskin!) (89:17-18) meaning, t he poor man who has not hing t o sust ain him and suffice his needs. Then Allah says,

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ワゅ∠シ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ヤタ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - リ ∠ Βあヤダ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ モ ∀ ∇Αヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ び (So, woe unt o t hose performers of Salah, t hose who wit h t heir Salah are Sahun.) Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers have said, "This means t he hypocrit es who pray in public but do not pray in privat e.'' Thus, Allah says,

び∠リΒあヤ∠ダヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあぴ (unt o t hose performers of Salah,) They are t hose people who pray and adhere t o t he prayer, yet t hey are mindless of it . This may eit her be referring t o it s act ent irely, as Ibn ` Abbas said, or it may be referring t o performing it in it s st ipulat ed t ime t hat has been legislat ed Islamically. This means t hat t he person prays it complet ely out side of it s t ime.

This was said by Masruq and Abu Ad-Duha. At a' bin Dinar said, "All praise is due t o Allah, t he One Who said,

び∠ラヲ⊥ワゅ∠シ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒ヤ∠タ ∠ リ∠ハぴ (wit h t heir Salah are Sahun.) and He did not say, ` t hose who are absent minded in t heir prayer.''' It could also mean t he first t ime of t he prayer, which means t hey always delay it unt il t he end of it s t ime, or t hey usually do so. It may also refer t o not fulfilling it s pillars and condit ions, and in t he required manner. It could also mean performing it wit h humilit y and cont emplat ion of it s meanings. The wording of t he Ayah comprises all of t hese meanings. However, whoever has any charact erist ic of t his t hat we have ment ioned t hen a port ion of t his Ayah applies t o him. And whoever has all of t hese charact erist ics, t hen he has complet ed his share of t his Ayah, and t he hypocrisy of act ions is fulfilled in him. This is j ust as is confirmed in t he Two Sahihs t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ∩͡ペプ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや り⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ∩͡ペプ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや り⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ » や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩∠ザ∇ヨゼ ｚ ャや ょ ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ザ ⊥ ヤ͡∇イΑ∠ ∩͡ペプ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや り⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠

ゅ∠ャ ∩ゅ⇔バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ゲ∠ ボ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ホ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ヶ∠ル∇ゲホ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ «ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡ヤホ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ぶ ∠ や ゲ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ (This is t he prayer of t he hypocrit e, t his is t he prayer of t he hypocrit e, t his is t he prayer of t he hypocrit e. He sit s wat ching t he sun unt il it is bet ween t he t wo horns of Shayt an. Then he st ands and pecks four (Rak` ahs) and he does not remember Allah (in t hem) except very lit t le.) This Hadit h is describing t he end of t he t ime for t he ` Asr prayer, which is t he middle prayer as is confirmed by a t ext (Hadit h). This is t he t ime in which it is disliked t o pray. Then t his person st ands t o pray it , pecking in it like t he pecking of a crow. He does not have t ranquilit y or humilit y in it at all. Thus, t he Prophet said,

«ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡ヤホ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ぶ ∠ や ゲ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ» (He does not remember Allah (in t hem) except very lit t le.) He probably only st ands t o pray it so t hat t he people will see him praying, and not seeking t he Face of Allah. This is j ust as if he did not pray at all. Allah says,

や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ハ ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠カ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハギ͡ ⇒∠ガΑ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢へ∠ゲΑ⊥ ヴ∠ャゅ∠ジミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ョゅホ∠ り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ ｚ ャや ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホ びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚ ま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ (Verily, t he hypocrit es seek t o deceive Allah, but it is He Who deceives t hem. And when t hey st and up wit h laziness and t o be seen of men, and t hey do not remember Allah but lit t le.) (4:142) and Allah says here,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢へ∠ゲΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who do good deeds only t o be seen,) Imam Ahmad recorded from ` Amr bin Murrah t hat he said, "We were sit t ing wit h Abu ` Ubaydah when t he people ment ioned showing-off. A man known as Abu Yazid said, "I heard ` Abdullah bin ` Amr saying t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

ノ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠シ ヮ͡ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ や ノ∠ ヨｚ シ ∠ ∩͡ヮ͡ヤ∠ヨ∠バ͡よ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ノ∠ ヨｚ シ ∠ ∇リョ∠ » «ロ∠ゲピｚ タ ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ボｚ ェ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮボ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ (Whoever t ries t o make t he people hear of his deed, Allah, t he One Who hears His creat ion, will hear it and make him despised and degraded.)'' from what is relat ed t o his st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢へ∠ゲΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ (Those who do good deeds only t o be seen.) is t hat whoever does a deed solely for Allah, but t he people come t o know about it , and he is pleased wit h t hat , t hen t his is not considered showing off. Allah said:

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (And wit hhold Al-Ma` un.) This means t hat t hey do not worship t heir Lord well, nor do t hey t reat His creat ion well. They do not even lend t hat which ot hers may benefit from and be helped by, even t hough t he obj ect will remain int act and be ret urned t o t hem. These people are even st ingier when it comes t o giving Zakah and different t ypes of charit y t hat bring one closer t o Allah. Al-Mas` udi narrat ed from Salamah bin Kuhayl who report ed from Abu Al` Ubaydin t hat he asked Ibn Mas` ud about Al-Ma` un and he said, "It is what t he people give t o each ot her, like an axe, a pot , a bucket and similar it ems.'' This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Ma` un, and all praise and t hanks are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Kawthar (Chapter - 108) Which was revealed in Al-Madinah and They also say in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ラ ｚ ま͡ - ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ルや∠ヱ マ ∠ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ モ あダ ∠ プ∠ - ゲ∠ を∠ ∇ヲム∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇Βト ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ べｚルま͡ぴ び ゲ⊥ わ∠ ∇よΙ ｘ や ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠セ (1. Verily, We have grant ed you Al-Kawt har.) (2. Therefore t urn in prayer t o your Lord and sacrifice.) (3. For he who hat es you, he will be cut off.) Muslim, Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i, all recorded from Anas t hat he said, "While we were wit h t he Messenger of Allah in t he Masj id, he dozed off int o a slumber. Then he lift ed his head smiling. We said, ` O Messenger of Allah! What has caused you t o laugh' He said,

«り∠ケヲ⊥シ ゅ⇔ヘ͡ルへ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろャ∠ゴ͡ ∇ルぺ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠» (Verily, a Surah was j ust revealed t o me.) Then he recit ed,

ラ ｚ ま͡ - ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ルや∠ヱ マ ∠ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ モ あダ ∠ プ∠ - ゲ∠ を∠ ∇ヲム∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇Βト ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ べｚルま͡ぴ び ゲ⊥ わ∠ ∇よΙ ｘ や ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠セ (Verily, We have grant ed you Al-Kawt har. Therefore t urn in prayer t o your Lord and sacrifice. For he who hat es you, he will be cut off.) Then he said,

«∨⊥ゲを∠ ∇ヲム∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ケ∇ギゎ∠ ぺ∠» (Do you all know what is Al-Kawt har) We said, ` Allah and His Messenger know best .' He said,

∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∩ｚモィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ルギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∀ ヰ∠ ル∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚ み͡プ∠ » ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ キ⊥ ゲ͡ ゎ∠ ∀チ∇ヲ∠ェ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∩∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ギ⊥ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャや ア ⊥ ヤ∠わ∠ ∇ガΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヶ͡プ ュ͡ ヲ⊥イレぁ ャや キ⊥ ギ∠ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ Β∠ ル͡ へ ヵ͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ マ ∠ ルｚ ま͡ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ゆ あ ケ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホほ∠プ∠ «ポ∠ギ∇バよ∠ ゐ ∠ ギ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ (Verily, it is a river t hat my Lord, t he Might y and Maj est ic, has promised me and it has abundant goodness. It is a pond where my Ummah will be brought t o on t he Day of Judgement . It s cont ainers are as numerous as t he st ars in t he sky. Then a servant of Allah from among t hem will be (prevent ed from it ) and I will say: "O Lord! Verily, he is from my Ummah (followers).'' Then He (Allah) will say: "Verily, you do not know what he int roduced (or innovat ed) aft er you.)'' This is t he wording of Muslim. Ahmad recorded t his Hadit h from Muhammad bin Fudayl, who report ed from Al-Mukht ar bin Fulful, who report ed it from Anas bin Malik. Imam Ahmad also recorded from Anas t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

∩͡ぽャ⊥∇ぽヤぁャや ュ⊥ ゅ∠Βカ ͡ ロ⊥ ゅ∠わプ∠ ゅ∠ェ ゲ∃ ∇ヰレ∠ よ͡ ゅル∠ ぺ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ る∠ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ろ ⊥ ∇ヤカ ∠ キ∠ » や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや ヮ͡ Β͡プ ヵ͡ゲ∇イΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヵ͡ギΒ∠ よ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇よゲ∠ ツ ∠ プ∠ や∠グワ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨⊥モΑ͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ゅ∠Α や∠グワ∠ ゅ∠ョ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∩⊥ゲプ∠ ∇クぺ∠ ∀マ∇ジ͡ョ «モ∠ィヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ヮ⊥ ミ∠ ゅ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ゲ⊥ を∠ ∇ヲム∠ ∇ャや (I ent ered Paradise and I came t o a river whose banks had t ent s made of pearls. So I t hrust my hand int o it s flowing wat er and found t hat it was t he st rongest (smell) of musk. So I asked, "O Jibril! What is t his'' He replied, "This is Al-Kawt har which Allah, t he Might y and Maj est ic has

given you.'') Al-Bukhari recorded t his in his Sahih, and so did Muslim, on t he aut horit y of Anas bin Malik. In t heir version Anas said, "When t he Prophet was t aken up t o t he heaven, he said,

フ ͡ ヲｚ イ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ぽ͡ ャ⊥∇ぽヤぁャや ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠らホ͡ ロ⊥ ゅ∠わプ∠ ゅ∠ェ ゲ∃ ∇ヰル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠» «ゲ∠を∇ヲム∠ ∇ャや や∠グワ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨⊥モΑ͡ゲ∇らィ ͡ ゅ∠Α や∠グワ∠ ゅ∠ョ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ (I came t o a river whose banks had domes of hollowed pearl. I said: "O Jibril! What is t his'' He replied: "This is Al-Kawt har.'')'' This is t he wording of Al-Bukhari. Ahmad recorded from Anas t hat a man said, "O Messenger of Allah! What is Al-Kawt har'' He replied,

ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∩ヶあよケ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ルゅ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∀ゲ∇ヰ∠ル ヲ∠ ワ⊥ » ∀ケヲ⊥Βデ ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∩͡モジ ∠ バ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ∠ヤ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡リら∠ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ⇔ッゅ∠Βよ∠ «ケ⊥ゴイ ⊥ ∇ャや ベ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ハほ∠ミ∠ ゅ∠ヰホ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ハぺ∠ (It is a river in Paradise which my Lord has given me. It is whit er t han milk and sweet er t han honey. There are birds in it whose necks are (long) like carrot s.) ` Umar said, "O Messenger of Allah! Verily, t hey (t he birds) will be beaut iful.'' The Prophet replied,

«ゲ∠ヨハ ⊥ ゅ∠Α ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ユ⊥ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥ミ͡ へ» (The one who eat s t hem (i.e., t he people of Paradise) will be more beaut iful t han t hem, O ` Umar.) Al-Bukhari recorded from Sa` id bin Jubayr t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about Al-Kawt har, "It is t he good which Allah gave t o him (t he Prophet ).'' Abu Bishr said, "I said t o Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Verily, people are claiming t hat it is a river in Paradise.''' Sa` id replied, ` The river which is in Paradise is part of t he goodness which Allah gave him.''' Al-Bukhari also recorded from Sa` id bin Jubayr t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Al-Kawt har is t he abundant goodness.'' This explanat ion includes t he river and ot her t hings as well. Because t he word Al-Kawt har comes from t he word Kat hrah (abundance) and it (Al-Kawt har) linguist ically means an abundance of goodness. So from t his goodness is t he river (in Paradise). Imam Ahmad recorded from Ibn ` Umar t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

￢⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩∃ょワ∠ ク∠ ∇リョ͡ ロ⊥ ゅ∠わプ∠ ゅ∠ェ る͡ レｚ イ ∠ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ∀ゲ∇ヰ∠ル ゲ⊥ を∠ ∇ヲム∠ ∇ャや» ∩͡リら∠ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ⇔ッゅ∠Βよ∠ ギぁ セ ∠ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩͡ぽャ⊥∇ぽヤぁャや ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヵ͡ゲ∇イΑ∠ «モ∠ジバ∠ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヴ∠ヤ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ (Al-Kawt har is a river in Paradise whose banks are of gold and it runs over pearls. It s wat er is whit er t han milk and sweet er t han honey.) This Hadit h was recorded in t his manner by At Tirmidhi, Ibn Maj ah, Ibn Abi Hat im and Ibn Jarir. At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.'' Then Allah says,

び ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ルや∠ヱ マ ∠ よあ ゲ∠ ャ͡ モ あダ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (Therefore t urn in prayer t o your Lord and sacrifice.) meaning, ` j ust as We have given you t he abundant goodness in t his life and t he Hereaft er -- and from t hat is t he river t hat has been described previously -- t hen make your obligat ory and opt ional prayer, and your sacrifice (of animals) solely and sincerely for your Lord. Woship Him alone and do not associat e any part ner wit h him. And sacrifice pronouncing His Name alone, wit hout ascribing any part ner t o Him.' This is as Allah says,

ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ヴ͡ゎゅ∠ヨョ∠ ヱ∠ ∠ンゅ∠Β∇エ∠ョ∠ヱ ヴ͡ムジ ⊥ ル⊥ ∠ヱ ヴ͡ゎΚ ∠タ ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ Α͡ゲセ ∠ Ι ∠ -リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや ゆ あ ケ∠ びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ (Say: "Verily, my Salah, my sacrifice, my living, and my dying are for Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s. He has no part ner. And of t his I have been commanded, and I am t he first of t he Muslims.'') (6:162-163) Ibn ` Abbas, ` At a,' Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah and Al-Hasan all said, "This means wit h t his t he Budn should be sacrificed.'' Qat adah, Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi, Ad-Dahhak, Ar-Rabi` , ` At a' Al-Khurasani, Al-Hakam, Isma` il bin Abi Khalid and ot hers from t he Salaf have all said t he same. This is t he opposit e of t he way of t he idolat ors, prost rat ing t o ot her t han Allah and sacrificing in ot her t han His Name. Allah says,

ヮ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ⊥ ∇シや ゲ͡ ミ∠ ∇グΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び∀ペ∇ジヘ͡ ャ∠ (And do not eat from what Allah's Name has not been pronounced over, indeed t hat is Fisq.) (6:121)

The Enemy of the Prophet is Cut Off Allah says,

び ゲ⊥ わ∠ ∇よΙ ｘ や ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠セ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (For he who hat es you, he will be cut off.) meaning, ` indeed he who hat es you, O Muhammad, and he hat es what you have come wit h of guidance, t rut h, clear proof and manifest light , he is t he most cut off, meanest , lowliest person who will not be remembered. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr and Qat adah all said, "This Ayah was revealed about Al-` As bin Wa'il. Whenever t he Messenger of Allah would be ment ioned (in his presence) he would say, ` Leave him, for indeed he is a man who is cut off having no descendant s. So when he dies he will not be remembered.' Therefore, Allah revealed t his Surah.'' Shamir bin ` At iyah said, "This Surah was revealed concerning ` Uqbah bin Abi Mu` ayt .'' Ibn ` Abbas and ` Ikrimah have bot h said,

"This Surah was revealed about Ka` b bin Al-Ashraf and a group of t he disbelievers of t he Quraysh.'' Al-Bazzar recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Ka` b bin Al-Ashraf came t o Makkah and t he Quraysh said t o him, ` You are t he leader of t hem (t he people). What do you t hink about t his wort hless man who is cut off from his people He claims t hat he is bet t er t han us while we are t he people of t he place of pilgrimage, t he people of cust odianship (of t he Ka` bah), and t he people who supply wat er t o t he pilgrims.' He replied, ` You all are bet t er t han him.' So Allah revealed,

び ゲ⊥ わ∠ ∇よΙ ｘ や ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠セ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (For he who hat es you, he will be cut off.)'' This is how Al-Bazzar recorded t his incident and it s chain of narrat ion is aut hent ic. It has been report ed t hat ` At a' said, "This Surah was revealed about Abu Lahab when a son of t he Messenger of Allah died. Abu Lahab went t o t he idolat ors and said, ` Muhammad has been cut off (i.e., from progeny) t onight .' So concerning t his Allah revealed,

び ゲ⊥ わ∠ ∇よΙ ｘ や ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠セ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (For he who hat es you, he will be cut off.)'' As-Suddi said, "When t he male sons of a man died t he people used t o say, ` He has been cut off.' So, when t he sons of t he Messenger of Allah died t hey said, ` Muhammad has been cut off.' Thus, Allah revealed,

び ゲ⊥ わ∠ ∇よΙ ｘ や ヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠セ ラ ｚ ま͡ぴ (For he who hat es you, he will be cut off.)'' So t hey t hought in t heir ignorance t hat if his sons died, his remembrance would be cut off. Allah forbid! To t he cont rary, Allah preserved his remembrance for all t he world t o see, and He obligat ed all t he servant s t o follow his Law. This will cont inue for all of t ime unt il t he Day of Gat hering and t he coming of t he Hereaft er. May t he blessings of Allah and His peace be upon him forever unt il t he Day of Assembling. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Kawt har, and all praise and blessings are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surah Qul ya Ayyuhal-Kafirun (Chapter - 109) Which was revealed in Makkah It has been confirmed in Sahih Muslim from Jabir t hat t he Messenger of Allah recit ed t his Surah (Al-Kafirun) and

び ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "He is Allah One.'') (112:1) in t he t wo Rak` ahs of Tawaf. It is also recorded in Sahih Muslim in a Hadit h of Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Messenger of Allah recit ed t hese t wo Surahs in t he t wo Rak` ahs (opt ional prayer) of t he Morning prayer. Imam Ahmad recorded from Ibn ` Umar t hat t he Messenger of Allah recit ed in t he t wo Rak` ahs before t he Morning prayer and t he t wo Rak` ahs aft er t he Sunset prayer on approximat ely t en or t went y different occasions,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "O Al-Kafirun!'') and

び ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: " He is Allah One.'') (112:1) Ahmad also recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said, "I wat ched t he Prophet t went y-four or t went y-five t imes recit ing in t he t wo Rak` ahs before t he Morning prayer and t he t wo Rak` ahs aft er t he Sunset prayer,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "O Al-Kafirun!'') and

び ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "He is Allah One.'') (112:1)'' Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said, "I wat ched t he Prophet for a mont h and he would recit e in t he t wo Rak` ahs before t he Morning prayer,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "O Al-Kafirun.'') and

び ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "He is Allah One.'') (112:1)'' This was also recor- ded by At -Tirmidhi, Ibn Maj ah and AnNasa'i. At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan.'' It has already been ment ioned previously in a Hadit h t hat it (Surat Al-Kafirun) is equivalent t o a fourt h of t he Qur'an and Az-Zalzalah is equivalent t o a fourt h of t he Qur'an.

び͡ユΒ͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

Ι ∠ ヱ∠ -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ Ι ∠ -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ -∇ユゎぁ ギ∠らハ ∠ ゅｚョ ∀ギ͡よゅ∠ハ べ∠ル∠ぺ Ι∠ヱ -ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら͡ ⇒∠ハ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ び-リ ͡ Α͡キ ヴ ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ Α͡キ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ -ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら͡ ⇒∠ハ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヱ∠

(1. Say: "O disbelievers!'') (2. "I worship not t hat which you worship.'') (3. "Nor will you worship whom I worship.'') (4. "And I shall not worship t hat which you are worshipping.'') (5. "Nor will you worship t hat which I worship.'') (6. "To you be your religion, and t o me my religion.'')

The Declaration of Innocence from Shirk This Surah is t he Surah of disavowal from t he deeds of t he idolat ors. It commands a complet e disavowal of t hat . Allah's st at ement ,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "O disbelievers!'') includes every disbeliever on t he face of t he eart h, however, t his st at ement is part icularly direct ed t owards t he disbelievers of t he Quraysh. It has been said t hat in t heir ignorance t hey invit ed t he Messenger of Allah t o worship t heir idols for a year and t hey would (in t urn) worship his God for a year. Therefore, Allah revealed t his Surah and in it

He commanded His Messenger to disavow himself from their religion completely Allah said,

びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ Ι ∠ぴ (I worship not t hat which you worship.) meaning, st at ues and rival gods.

び ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら͡ ⇒∠ハ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ (Nor will you worship whom I worship.) and He is Allah Alone, Who has no part ner. So t he word Ma (what ) here means Man (who). Then Allah says,

ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら͡ ⇒∠ハ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユゎぁ ギ∠らハ ∠ ゅｚョ ∀ギ͡よゅ∠ハ べ∠ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ び (And I shall not worship t hat which you are worshipping. Nor will you worship whom I worship.) meaning, ` I do not worship according t o your worship, which means t hat I do not go along wit h it or follow it . I only worship Allah in t he manner in which He loves and is pleased wit h.' Thus, Allah says,

び ギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ べ∠ョ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら͡ ⇒∠ハ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(Nor will you worship whom I worship.) meaning, ` you do not follow t he commands of Allah and His Legislat ion in His worship. Rat her, you have invent ed somet hing out of t he prompt ings of your own souls.' This is as Allah says,

∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ザ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ルｘΙや ン∠ヲ∇ヰゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ リ ｚヌ ｚ ャや Ι ｚ ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ͡まぴ びン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャや ユ⊥ ͡ヰよあ ケｚ リあョ ユ⊥ワ￢∠ べ∠ィ (They follow but a guess and t hat which t hey t hemselves desire, whereas t here has surely come t o t hem t he guidance from t heir Lord!) (53:23) Therefore, t he disavowal is from all of what t hey are involved. For cert ainly t he worshipper must have a god whom he worships and set act s of worship t hat he follows t o get t o him. So t he Messenger and his followers worship Allah according t o what He has legislat ed. This is why t he st at ement of Islam is "There is no God wort hy of being worshipped except Allah, and Muhammad is t he Messenger of Allah.'' This means t hat t here is no (t rue) obj ect of worship except Allah and t here is no pat h t o Him (i.e., way of worshipping Him) ot her t han t hat which t he Messenger came wit h. The idolat ors worship ot her t han Allah, wit h act s of worship t hat Allah has not allowed. This is why t he Messenger said t o t hem,

びリ ͡ Α͡キ ヴ ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ Α͡キ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ぴ (To you be your religion, and t o me my religion.) This is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,

∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∠ヨ∠ハ ヴあャ モ⊥ボプ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥よグｚ ミ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ゅｚヨョあ ∀￢ン͡ゲ∠よ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ べｚヨョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゃΑ͡ゲよ∠ (And if t hey belie you, say: "For me are my deeds and for you are your deeds! You are innocent of what I do, and I am innocent of what you do!'') (10:41) and He said,

び∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ べ∠レャ∠ぴ (To us our deeds, and t o you your deeds.) (28:55) Al-Bukhari said, "It has been said,

び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ぴ (To you be your religion.) means disbelief.

び͡リΑ͡キ ヴ ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ (and t o me my religion.) means, Islam. This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Qul ya AyyuhalKafirun.

The Tafsir of Surat An-Nasr (Chapter - 110) Which was revealed in Al-Madinah The Virtues of Surat An-Nasr It has been ment ioned previously t hat it (Surat An-Nasr) is equivalent t o one-fourt h of t he Qur'an and t hat Surat Az-Zalzalah is equivalent t o one-fourt h of t he Qur'an. An-Nasa'i recorded from ` Ubaydullah bin ` Abdullah bin ` Ut bah t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t o him, "O Ibn ` Ut bah! Do you know t he last Surah of t he Qur'an t hat was revealed'' He answered, "Yes, it was

びウ ⊥ ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ダル∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ぴ (When t here comes t he help of Allah and t he Conquest .) (110:1)'' He (Ibn ` Abbas) He (Ibn ` Abbas) said, "You have spoken t rut hfully.''

ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ -ウ ⊥ ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ダル∠ ￢べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ぴ マ ∠ よ∂ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ウら∂ ジ ∠ プ∠ -ゅ⇔ィヲ∇プぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ͡ Α͡キ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ び-ゅ∠よヲ∠ゎ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ロ⊥ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ (1. When t here comes t he help of Allah and t he Conquest .) (2. And you see t hat t he people ent er Allah's religion in crowds.) (3. So, glorify t he praises of your Lord, and ask His forgiveness. Verily, He is t he One Who accept s t he repent ance and Who forgives.)

This Surah informs of the Completion of the Life of Allah's Messenger Al-Bukhari recorded from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "Umar used t o bring me int o t he gat herings wit h t he old men of (t he bat t le of) Badr. However, it was as if one of t hem felt somet hing in himself (against my at t ending). So he said, ` Why do you (` Umar) bring t his (yout h) t o sit wit h us when we have children like him (i.e., his age)' So ` Umar replied, ` Verily, he is among t hose whom you know. Then one day he called t hem and invit ed me t o sit wit h t hem, and I do not t hink t hat he invit ed me t o be among t hem t hat day except t o show t hem. So he said, ` What do you say about Allah's st at ement ,

びウ ⊥ ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ダル∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ぴ (When t here comes t he help of Allah and t he Conquest .)' Some of t hem said, ` We were commanded t o praise Allah and seek His forgiveness when He helps us and gives us vict ory.' Some of t hem remained silent and did not say anyt hing. Then he (` Umar) said t o me, ` Is t his what you say, O Ibn ` Abbas' I said, ` No.' He t hen said, ` What do you say' I said, ` It was t he end of t he life of Allah's Messenger t hat Allah was informing him of. Allah said,

びウ ⊥ ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ダル∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ぴ (When t here comes t he help of Allah and t he Conquest .) which means, t hat is a sign of t he end of your life.

び ゅ∠よヲ͡ ゎ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ロ⊥ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ウらあ ジ ∠ プ∠ ぴ (So, glorify t he praises of your Lord, and ask His forgiveness. Verily, He is t he One Who accept s t he repent ance and Who forgives.)' So, ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said, ` I do not know anyt hing about it ot her t han what you have said.''' Al-Bukhari was alone in recording t his Hadit h. Imam Ahmad recorded from Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "When

びウ ⊥ ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ダル∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ぴ (When t here comes t he help of Allah and t he Conquest .) was revealed, t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヶ ｚ ャ∠ま͡ ∇ろΒ∠ バ͡ ル⊥ » (My deat h has been announced t o me.) And indeed he died during t hat year.'' Ahmad was alone in recording t his Hadit h. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "The Messenger of Allah used t o say oft en in his bowing and prost rat ing,

«ヶ͡ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ポ ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ユｚ ヰ⊥ ヤｚャや マ ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥» (Glory t o You, O Allah, our Lord, and praise be t o You. O Allah, forgive me.) He did t his as his int erpret at ion of t he Qur'an (i.e., showing it s implement at ion).'' The rest of t he group has also recorded t his Hadit h except for At -Tirmidhi. Imam Ahmad recorded from Masruq t hat ` A'ishah said, "The Messenger of Allah used t o oft en say t owards t he end of his life,

«ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎぺ∠ヱ∠ ぶ ∠ や ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ やラ ∠ ゅエ ∠ ∇らシ ⊥» (Glory t o Allah, and praise be unt o Him. I seek Allah's forgiveness and I repent t o Him.) And he said,

ヶ͡プ る⇔ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヤハ ∠ ン∠ケほ∠シ ∠ ヶあルぺ∠ ヶ͡ルゲ∠ ら∠ ∇カぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヶあよケ∠ ラ ｚ ま͡» ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ウ ∠ らあ シ ∠ ぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ ヶ͡ルゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡わョｚ ぺ⊥ :ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∩ゅ⇔よやｚヲゎ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∩⊥ロゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ - ウ ⊥ ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ゲ⊥ ∇ダル∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ や∠クま͡ぴ マ ∠ よあ ケ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヨエ ∠ よ͡ ∇ウらあ ジ ∠ プ∠ - ゅ⇔ィ∠ヲ∇プぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ͡ Α͡キ ヴ͡プ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ «び ゅ∠よヲ͡ ゎ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ロ⊥ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ (Verily, my Lord has informed me t hat I will see a sign in my Ummah and He has commanded me t hat when I see it , I should glorify His praises and seek His forgiveness, for He is t he One Who accept s repent ance. And indeed I have seen it (i.e., t he sign). (When t here comes t he help of Allah and t he Conquest (Al-Fat h). And you see t hat t he people ent er Allah's religion in crowds. So glorify t he praises of your Lord, and ask His forgiveness. Verily, He is t he One Who accept s t he repent ance and Who forgives.))'' Muslim also recorded t his Hadit h. The meaning of Al-Fat h here is t he conquest of Makkah, and t here is only one view concerning it . For indeed t he different areas of t he Arabs were wait ing for t he conquest of Makkah before t hey would accept Islam. They said, "If he (Muhammad is vict orious over his people, t hen he is a (t rue) Prophet .'' So when Allah gave him vict ory over Makkah, t hey ent ered int o t he religion of Allah (Islam) in crowds. Thus, t wo years did not pass (aft er t he conquest of Makkah) before t he peninsula of t he Arabs was laden wit h fait h. And t here did not remain any of t he t ribes of t he Arabs except t hat t hey professed (t heir accept ance) of Islam. And all praise and blessings are due t o Allah. Al-Bukhari recorded in his Sahih t hat ` Amr bin Salamah said, "When Makkah was conquered, all of t he people rushed t o t he Messenger of Allah t o profess t heir Islam. The various regions were delaying t heir accept ance of Islam unt il Makkah was conquered. The people used t o say, ` Leave him and his people alone. If he is vict orious over t hem he is a (t rue) Prophet .''' We have researched t he war expedit ion for conquest of Makkah in our book As-Surah. Therefore, whoever wishes he may review it t here. And all praise and blessings are due t o Allah.Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu ` Ammar t hat a neighbor of Jabir bin ` Abdullah t old him, "I ret urned from a j ourney and Jabir bin ` Abdullah came and greet ed me. So I began t o t alk wit h him about t he divisions among t he people and what t hey had st art ed doing. Thus, Jabir began t o cry and he said, ` I heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,

∩ゅ⇔ィや∠ヲ∇プぺ∠ ぶ ͡ や リ ͡ Α͡キ ヶ͡プ やヲ⊥ヤカ ∠ キ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ｚ ま͡» «ゅ⇔ィや∠ヲ∇プぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΒ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ (Verily, t he people have ent ered int o t he religion of Allah in crowds and t hey will also leave it in crowds.)'' This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat An-Nasr, and all praise and blessings are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surah Tabbat

(Chapter - 111) Which was revealed in Makkah

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ビ∠ぺ べ∠ョ - ょ ｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ヰ∠ ャ∠ ヴ͡よぺ∠ へ∠ギΑ∠ ∇ろらｚ ゎ∠ ぴ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや∠ヱ - ょ ∃ ヰ∠ ャ∠ れ ∠ や∠ク や⇔ケゅ∠ル ヴ∠ヤ∇ダΒ∠ シ ∠ -ょ ∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ び ギ∃ ジ ∠ ョｚ リあョ ∀モ∇ら∠ェ ゅ∠ワ͡ギΒ͡ィ ヴ͡プ - ょ ͡ ト ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや る∠ ャ∠ゅｚヨェ ∠ (1. Perish t he t wo hands of Abu Lahab and perish he!) (2. His wealt h and his children will not benefit him!) (3. He will ent er a Fire full of flames!) (4. And his wife t oo, who carries wood.) (5. In her neck is a t wist ed rope of Masad.

The Reason for the Revelation of this Surah and the Arrogance of Abu Lahab toward the Messenger of Allah Al-Bukhari recorded from Ibn ` Abbas t hat t he Prophet went out t o t he valley of Al-Bat ha and he ascended t he mount ain. Then he cried out ,

«ロゅ∠ェゅ∠ら∠タ ゅ∠Α» (O people, come at once!) So t he Quraysh gat hered around him. Then he said,

∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ エ ⊥ らあ ダ ∠ ョ⊥ ｚヱギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ャや ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇をｚギェ ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠» «ヶあルヲ⊥ホギあ ダ ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Βあジヨ∠ ョ⊥ ∨ (If I t old you all t hat t he enemy was going t o at t ack you in t he morning, or in t he evening, would you all believe me) They replied, "Yes.'' Then he said,

«ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グハ ∠ ∇ヵギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∀ゲΑ͡グ∠ル ヶあルみ͡プ∠ » (Verily, I am a warner (sent ) t o you all before t he coming of a severe t orment .) Then Abu Lahab said, "Have you gat hered us for t his May you perish!'' Thus, Allah revealed,

びょ ｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ヰ∠ ャ∠ ヴ͡よぺ∠ へ∠ギΑ∠ ∇ろらｚ ゎ∠ ぴ (Perish t he t wo hands of Abu Lahab and perish he!) t o t he end of t he Surah. In anot her narrat ion it st at es t hat he st ood up dust ing of his hands and said, "Perish you for t he rest of t his day! Have you gat hered us for t his'' Then Allah revealed,

びょ ｚ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ヰ∠ ャ∠ ヴ͡よぺ∠ へ∠ギΑ∠ ∇ろらｚ ゎ∠ ぴ (Perish t he t wo hands of Abu Lahab and perish he!) The first part is a supplicat ion against him and t he second is informat ion about him. This man Abu Lahab was one of t he uncles of t he Messenger of Allah.His name was ` Abdul-` Uzza bin Abdul-Mut t alib. His surname was Abu ` Ut aybah and he was only called Abu Lahab because of t he bright ness of his face. He used t o oft en cause harm t o t he Messenger of Allah . He hat ed and scorned him and his religion. Imam Ahmad recorded from Abu Az-Zinad t hat a man called Rabi` ah bin ` Abbad from t he t ribe of Bani Ad-Dil, who was a man of pre-Islamic ignorance who accept ed Islam, said t o him, "I saw t he Prophet in t he t ime of pre-Islamic ignorance in t he market of Dhul-Maj az and he was saying,

«やヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡ま ゅ∠ャ :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホ ∩⊥サゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヰΑぁ ぺ∠ ゅ∠Α» (O people! Say t here is no god wort hy of worship except Allah and you will be successful.) The people were gat hered around him and behind him t here was a man wit h a bright face, squint (or cross) eyes and t wo braids in his hair. He was saying, "Verily, he is an apost at e (from our religion) and a liar!'' This man was following him (t he Prophet ) around wherever he went . So, I asked who was he and t hey (t he people) said, "This is his uncle, Abu Lahab.'' Ahmad also recorded t his narrat ion from Surayj , who report ed it from Ibn Abu Az-Zinad, who report ed it from his fat her (Abu Zinad) who ment ioned t his same narrat ion. However in t his report , Abu Zinad said, "I said t o Rabi` ah, ` Were you a child at t hat t ime' He replied, ` No. By Allah, t hat day I was most int elligent , and I was t he st rongest blower of t he flut e (for music).''' Ahmad was alone in recording t his Hadit h. Concerning Allah's st at ement ,

びょ ∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ べ∠ョぴ (His wealt h and his children (Kasab) will not benefit him!) Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers have said,

び∠ょジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ (and his children (Kasab) will not benefit him!) "Kasab means his children.'' A similar st at ement has been report ed from ` A'ishah, Muj ahid, ` At a', Al-Hasan and Ibn Sirin. It has been ment ioned from Ibn Mas` ud t hat when t he Messenger of Allah called his people t o fait h, Abu Lahab said, "Even if what my nephew says is t rue, I will ransom myself (i.e., save myself) from t he painful t orment on t he Day of Judgement wit h my wealt h and my children.'' Thus, Allah revealed,

びょ ∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠ョ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ べ∠ョぴ

(His wealt h and his children will not benefit him!) Then Allah says,

びょ ∃ ヰ∠ ャ∠ れ ∠ や∠ク や⇔ケゅ∠ル ヴ∠ヤ∇ダΒ∠ シ ∠ぴ (He will ent er a Fire full of flames!) meaning, it has flames, evil and severe burning.

The Destiny of Umm Jamil, the Wife of Abu Lahab

びょ ͡ ト ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや る∠ ャ∠ゅｚヨェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや∠ヱぴ (And his wife t oo, who carries wood.) His wife was among t he leading women of t he Quraysh and she was known as Umm Jamil. Her name was ` Arwah bint Harb bin Umayyah and she was t he sist er of Abu Sufyan. She was support ive of her husband in his disbelief, rej ect ion and obst inacy. Therefore, she will be helping t o administ er his punishment in t he fire of Hell on t he Day of Judgement . Thus, Allah says,

リあョ ∀モ∇ら∠ェ ゅ∠ワ͡ギΒ͡ィ ヴ͡プ - ょ ͡ ト ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや る∠ ャ∠ゅｚヨェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや∠ヱぴ び ギ∃ ジ ∠ ョｚ (Who carries wood. In her neck is a t wist ed rope of Masad.) meaning, she will carry t he firewood and t hrow it upon her husband t o increase t hat which he is in (of t orment ), and she will be ready and prepared t o do so.

び ギ∃ ジ ∠ ョｚ リあョ ∀モ∇ら∠ェ ゅ∠ワ͡ギΒ͡ィ ヴ͡プぴ (In her neck is a t wist ed rope of Masad.) Muj ahid and ` Urwah bot h said, "From t he palm fiber of t he Fire.'' Al-` Awfi narrat ed from Ibn ` Abbas, ` At iyah Al-Jadali, Ad-Dahhak and Ibn Zayd t hat she used t o place t horns in t he pat h of t he Messenger of Allah . Al-Jawhari said, "Al-Masad refers t o fibers, it is also a rope made from fibers or palm leaves. It is also made from t he skins of camels or t heir furs. It is said (in Arabic) Masadt ul-Habla and Amsaduhu Masadan, when you t ight ly fast en it s t wine.'' Muj ahid said,

び ギ∃ ジ ∠ ョｚ リあョ ∀モ∇ら∠ェ ゅ∠ワ͡ギΒ͡ィ ヴ͡プぴ (In her neck is a t wist ed rope of Masad.) "This means a collar of iron.'' Don't you see t hat t he Arabs call a pulley cable a Masad

A Story of Abu Lahab's Wife harming the Messenger of Allah

Ibn Abi Hat im said t hat his fat her and Abu Zur` ah bot h said t hat ` Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr AlHumaydi t old t hem t hat Sufyan informed t hem t hat Al-Walid bin Kat hir relat ed from Ibn Tadrus who report ed t hat Asma' bint Abi Bakr said, "When

び∃ょヰ∠ ャ∠ ヴ͡よぺ∠ へ∠ギΑ∠ ∇ろらｚ ゎ∠ ぴ (Perish t he t wo hands of Abu Lahab and perish he)!) was revealed, t he one-eyed Umm Jamil bint Harb came out wailing, and she had a st one in her hand. She was saying, ` He crit icizes our fat her, and his religion is our scorn, and his command is t o disobey us.' The Messenger of Allah was sit t ing in t he Masj id (of t he Ka` bah) and Abu Bakr was wit h him. When Abu Bakr saw her he said, ` O Messenger of Allah! She is coming and I fear t hat she will see you.' The Messenger of Allah replied,

«ヶ͡ルや∠ゲゎ∠ ∇リャ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡» (Verily, she will not see me.) Then he recit ed some of t he Qur'an as a prot ect ion for himself. This is as Allah says,

Ι ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ラ ∠ や∠￢ゲ⊥ボ∇ャや れ ∠ ∇ぺゲ∠ ホ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ び や⇔ケヲ⊥わ∇ジョｚ ゅ⇔よゅ∠イェ ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘ ゅ͡よ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ (And when you recit e t he Qur'an, We put bet ween you and t hose who believe not in t he Hereaft er, an invisible veil.) (17:45) So she advanced unt il she was st anding in front of Abu Bakr and she did not see t he Messenger of Allah . She t hen said, ` O Abu Bakr! Verily, I have been informed t hat your friend is making defamat ory poet ry about me.' Abu Bakr replied, ` Nay! By t he Lord of t his House (t he Ka` bah) he is not defaming you.' So she t urned away saying, ` Indeed t he Quraysh know t hat I am t he daught er of t heir leader.''' Al-Walid or anot her person said in a different version of t his Hadit h, "So Umm Jamil st umbled over her waist gown while she was making circuit s (Tawaf) around t he House (t he Ka` bah) and she said, ` Cursed be t he reviler.' Then Umm Hakim bint ` Abdul-Mut t alib said, ` I am a chast e woman so I will not speak abusively and I am refined so I do not know. Bot h of us are children of t he same uncle. And aft er all t he Quraysh know best .'' This is t he end of t he Tafsir of t his Surah, and all praise and blessings are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Surat Al-Ikhlas (Chapter - 112) Which was revealed in Makkah The Reason for the Revelation of this Surah and its Virtues Imam Ahmad recorded from Ubayy bin Ka` b t hat t he idolat ors said t o t he Prophet , "O Muhammad! Tell us t he lineage of your Lord.'' So Allah revealed

∇ギャ∠ヲ⊥Α ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ギヤ͡Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ - ギ⊥ ヨ∠ ｚダャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや - ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ や⇔ヲ⊥ヘミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ (Say: "He is Allah, One. Allah He beget s not , nor was He begot t en. And t here is non comparable t o Him.'') Similar was recorded by At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Jarir and t hey added in t heir narrat ion t hat he said,

びギ⊥ ヨ∠ ダ ｚ ャやぴ "(As-Samad) is One Who does not give birt h, nor was He born, because t here is not hing t hat is born except t hat it will die, and t here is not hing t hat dies except t hat it leaves behind inherit ance, and indeed Allah does not die and He does not leave behind any inherit ance.

び ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ や⇔ヲ⊥ヘミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t here is none comparable t o Him.) This means t hat t here is none similar t o Him, none equal t o Him and t here is not hing at all like Him.'' Ibn Abi Hat im also recorded it and At Tirmidhi ment ioned it as a Mursal narrat ion. Then At -Tirmidhi said, "And t his is t he most correct .''

A Hadith on its Virtues Al-Bukhari report ed from ` Amrah bint ` Abdur-Rahman, who used t o st ay in t he apart ment of ` A'ishah, t he wife of t he Prophet , t hat ` A'ishah said, "The Prophet sent a man as t he commander of a war expedit ion and he used t o lead his companions in prayer wit h recit at ion (of t he Qur'an). And he would complet e his recit at ion wit h t he recit at ion of ` Say: He is Allah, One.' So when t hey ret urned t hey ment ioned t hat t o t he Prophet and he said,

«∨∠マャ͡ク∠ ノ⊥ レ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ヵ あ ほ∠ャ͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤシ ∠» (Ask him why does he do t hat .) So t hey asked him and he said, ` Because it is t he descript ion of Ar-Rahman and I love t o recit e it . So t he Prophet said,

«ヮぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ぺ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇カぺ∠» (Inform him t hat Allah t he Most High loves him.)'' This is how Al-Bukhari recorded t his Hadit h in his Book of Tawhid. Muslim and An-Nasa'i also recorded it . In his Book of Salah, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Anas said, "A man from t he Ansar used t o lead t he people in prayer in t he Masj id of Quba'. Whenever he began a Surah in t he recit at ion of t he prayer t hat he was leading t hem, he would st art by recit ing ` Say: He is Allah, One' unt il he complet ed t he ent ire Surah. Then he would recit e anot her Surah along wit h it (aft er it ). And used t o do t his in every Rak` ah. So his companions spoke t o him about t his saying; ` Verily, you begin t he prayer wit h t his Surah. Then you t hink t hat it is not sufficient for you unless you recit e anot her Surah as well. So you should

eit her recit e it or leave it and recit e anot her Surah inst ead.' The man replied, ` I will not leave it off. If you want me t o cont inue leading you (in prayer), I will do t his; and if you all do not like it , I will leave you (i.e., I will st op leading you).' They used t o consider him t o be of t he best of t hem t o lead t hem in prayer and t hey did not want anyone else t o lead t hem ot her t han him. So, when t he Prophet came t hey informed him of t his informat ion and he said,

ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ マ ∠ バ⊥ レ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ゅョ∠ ∩⊥ラゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ゅ∠Α» ヶ͡プ り͡ ケ∠ ヲぁジャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ュヱ⊥ゴャ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ェ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩∠マよ⊥ ゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ «∨∃るバ∠ ∇ミケ∠ あモミ⊥ (O so-and-so! What prevent s you from doing what your companions are commanding you t o do, and what makes you adhere t o t he recit at ion of t his Surah in every Rak` ah) The man said, ` Verily, I love it .' The Prophet replied,

«るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ゅ∠ワゅｚΑま͡ マ ∠ らぁ ェ ⊥» (Your love of it will cause you t o ent er Paradise.) This was recorded by Al-Bukhari, wit h a disconnect ed chain, but in a manner indicat ing his approval.

A Hadith that mentions this Surah is equivalent to a Third of the Qur'an Al-Bukhari recorded from Abu Sa` id t hat a man heard anot her man recit ing

び ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "He is Allah, One.'') and he was repeat ing over and over. So when morning came, t he man went t o t he Prophet and ment ioned t hat t o him, and it was as t hough he was belit t ling it . The Prophet said,

«ラへ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ゑ ∠ ヤ⊥を⊥ メ ⊥ ギ͡ ∇バわ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» (By He in Whose Hand is my soul, verily it is equivalent t o a t hird of t he Qur'an.) Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i also recorded it . Anot her Hadit h Al-Bukhari recorded from Abu Sa` id, may Allah be pleased wit h him, t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t o his Companions,

«∨∃るヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ヶ͡プ ラ ͡ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ゑ ∠ ヤ⊥を⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゴ⊥ イ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ぺ∠» (Is one of you not able t o recit e a t hird of t he Qur'an in a single night ) This was somet hing t hat was difficult for t hem and t hey said, "Which of us is able t o do t hat , O Messenger of Allah'' So he replied,

«ラへ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ゑ ⊥ ヤ⊥を⊥ ギ⊥ ヨ∠ ｚダャや ギ⊥ ェ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ャや ぶ ⊥ や» ("Allah is t he One, As-Samad'' is a t hird of t he Qur'an.) Al-Bukhari was alone in recording t his Hadit h.

Another Hadith that its Recitation necessitates Admission into Paradise Imam Malik bin Anas recorded from ` Ubayd bin Hunayn t hat he heard Abu Hurayrah saying, "I went out wit h t he Prophet and he heard a man recit ing ` Say: He is Allah, t he One.' So t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ろ∠ら∠ィ∠ヱ» (It is obligat ory.) I asked, ` What is obligat ory' He replied,

«るレｚイ ∠ ∇ャや» (Paradise.)'' At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i also recorded it by way of Malik, and At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih Gharib. We do not know of it except as a narrat ion of Malik.'' The Hadit h in which t he Prophet said,

«るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや マ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ゅ∠ワゅｚΑま͡ マ ∠ らぁ ェ ⊥» (Your love of it will cause you t o ent er Paradise.) has already been ment ioned.

A Hadith about repeating this Surah Abdullah bin Imam Ahmad recorded from Mu` adh bin ` Abdullah bin Khubayb, who report ed t hat his fat her said, "We became t hirst y and it had become dark while we were wait ing for t he Messenger of Allah t o lead us in prayer. Then, when he came out he t ook me by my hand and said,

«モ⊥ホ» (Say.) Then he was silent . Then he said again,

«モ⊥ホ» (Say.) So I said, ` What should I say' He said,

び ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ∩ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ ウ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ダゎ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ェヱ∠ ヶ͡ジ∇ヨゎ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ェ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ク∠ ヲあ バ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ «リ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚ ョ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ｚモミ⊥ マ ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ムゎ∠ (Say: "He is Allah, One,'' and t he t wo Surahs of Refuge (Al-Falaq and An-Nas) when you ent er upon t he evening and t he morning t hree t imes (each). They will be sufficient for you t wo t imes every day.)'' This Hadit h was also recorded by Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i. At Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih Gharib.'' An-Nasa'i also recorded t hrough anot her chain of narrat ors wit h t he wording,

«￢∇ヶセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ マ ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ » (They will suffice you against everyt hing.)

Another Hadith about supplicating with it by Allah's Names In his Book of Tafsir, An-Nasa'i recorded from ` Abdullah bin Buraydah, who report ed from his fat her t hat he ent ered t he Masj id wit h t he Messenger of Allah , and t here was a man praying and supplicat ing saying, "O Allah! Verily, I ask you by my t est ifying t hat t here is no God wort hy of worship except You. You are t he One, t he Self-Sufficient Sust ainer of all, Who does not give birt h, nor were You born, and t here is none comparable t o Him.'' The Prophet said,

∩ユ∠ヌ∇ハほ∠∇ャや ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇シゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ほ∠シ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ» ク∠ ま͡ ヵ͡グャｚや A Hadith about seeking a Cure by these Surahs Al-Bukhari recorded from ` A'ishah t hat whenever t he Prophet would go t o bed every night , he would put his palms t oget her and blow int o t hem. Then he would recit e int o t hem (his palms), ` Say: He is Allah, One', ` Say: I seek refuge wit h t he Lord of Al-Falaq', and ` Say: I seek refuge wit h t he Lord of mankind.' Then he would wipe what ever he was able t o of his body wit h t hem (his palms). He would begin wiping his head and face wit h t hem and t he front part of his body. He would do t his (wiping his body) t hree t imes. The Sunan compilers also recorded t his same Hadit h.

び ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

∇ギャ∠ヲ⊥Α ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ギヤ͡Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ - ギ⊥ ヨ∠ ｚダャや ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや - ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ び ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ や⇔ヲ⊥ヘミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ (1. Say: "He is Allah, One.'') (2. "Allah As-Samad.'') (3. "He beget s not , nor was He begot t en.'') (4. "And t here is none comparable t o Him.'') The reason for t he revelat ion of t his Surah has already been ment ioned. ` Ikrimah said, "When t he Jews said, ` We worship ` Uzayr, t he son of Allah,' and t he Christ ians said, ` We worship t he Messiah (` Isa), t he son of Allah,' and t he Zoroast rians said, ` We worship t he sun and t he moon,' and t he idolat ors said, ` We worship idols,' Allah revealed t o His Messenger ,

び ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "He is Allah, One.'') meaning, He is t he One, t he Singular, Who has no peer, no assist ant , no rival, no equal and none comparable t o Him. This word (Al-Ahad) cannot be used for anyone in affirmat ion except Allah t he Might y and Maj est ic, because He is perfect in all of His at t ribut es and act ions. Concerning His saying,

び ギ⊥ ヨ∠ ｚダャや ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ (Allah As-Samad.) ` Ikrimah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "This means t he One Who all of t he creat ion depends upon for t heir needs and t heir request s.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, "He is t he Mast er Who is perfect in His sovereignt y, t he Most Noble Who is perfect in His nobilit y, t he Most Magnificent Who is perfect in His magnificence, t he Most Forbearing Who is perfect in His forbearance, t he All-Knowing Who is perfect in His knowledge, and t he Most Wise Who is perfect in His wisdom. He is t he One Who is perfect in all aspect s of nobilit y and aut horit y. He is Allah, glory be unt o Him. These at t ribut es are not befit t ing anyone ot her t han Him. He has no coequal and not hing is like Him. Glory be t o Allah, t he One, t he Irresist ible.'' Al-A` mash report ed from Shaqiq, who said t hat Abu Wa'il said,

び⊥ギ∠ヨダ ｚ ャやぴ (As-Samad.) is t he Mast er Whose cont rol is complet e.''

Allah is Above having Children and procreating Then Allah says,

び ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ や⇔ヲ⊥ヘミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ - ∇ギャ∠ヲ⊥Α ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ギヤ͡Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぴ (He beget s not , nor was He begot t en. And t here is none comparable t o Him.) meaning, He does not have any child, parent or spouse. Muj ahid said,

び ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ や⇔ヲ⊥ヘミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ (And t here is none comparable t o Him.) "This means He does not have a spouse.'' This is as Allah says,

∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ノ⊥ Α͡ギよ∠ ぴ び∃￢∇ヴセ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヱ∠ る∀ ら∠ エ ͡ ⇒∠タ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ (He is t he Originat or of t he heavens and t he eart h. How can He have children when He has no wife He creat ed all t hings.) (6:101) meaning, He owns everyt hing and He creat ed everyt hing. So how can He have a peer among His creat ures who can be equal t o Him, or a relat ive who can resemble Him Glorified, Exalt ed and far removed is Allah from such a t hing. Allah says,

- や⇔キ∂ ま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ - や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや ペ ぁゼ ∠ レ∠ゎヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ ∠ ∇ゲト ｚ ヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ れ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや キ⊥ ゅ∠ムゎ∠ - や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ や∇ヲハ ∠ キ∠ ラ∠ぺ - や⇔ギ∂ ワ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠らイ ͡ ∇ャや ゲぁ ガ ͡ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ リ∠ョ ぁモミ⊥ ラ͡ま - や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ヤ͡ャ ヴ͡ピら∠ レ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - や⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヴ͡ゎへ Ι ｚ ま͡ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や∠ヱ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ ｚ ャや ヴ͡プ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ͡ヮΒ͡ゎや∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ぁヤミ⊥ ヱ∠ - や⇔ギ∂ ハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギｚ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠ダ∇ェぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚ び や⇔キ∇ゲプ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや (And t hey say: Ar-Rahman has begot t en a son. Indeed you have brought fort h (said) a t errible evil t hing. Whereby t he heavens are almost t orn, and t he eart h is split asunder, and t he mount ains fall in ruins, t hat t hey ascribe a son t o Ar-Rahman. But it is not suit able for ArRahman t hat He should beget a son. There is none in t he heavens and t he eart h but comes unt o Ar-Rahman as a slave. Verily, He knows each one of t hem, and has count ed t hem a full count ing. And all of t hem will come t o Him alone on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) (19:88-95) And Allah says,

∀キゅ∠ら͡ハ ∇モよ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ボら͡ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ∠ ∇ムョぁ び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α (And t hey say: "Ar-Rahman has begot t en a son. Glory t o Him! They are but honored servant s. They speak not unt il He has spoken, and t hey act on His command.) (21:26-27) Allah also says,

る⊥ ｚレイ ͡ ャや ろ ͡ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ら∠ジル∠ る͡ レｚイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∠ィ∠ヱぴ びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲツ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚ ま͡ び-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘダ ͡ Α∠ ゅｚヨハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ (And t hey have invent ed a kinship bet ween Him and t he Jinn, but t he Jinn know well t hat t hey have indeed t o appear before Him. Glorified is Allah! (He is free) from what t hey at t ribut e unt o Him!) (37:158-159) In Sahih Al-Bukhari, it is recorded (t hat t hat t he Prophet said),

ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∩͡ぶや リ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ン⇔ク∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇タぺ∠ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ» «ユ͡ヰΒ͡プゅ∠バΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ギャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ (There is no one more pat ient wit h somet hing harmful t hat he hears t han Allah. They at t ribut e a son t o Him, while it is He Who gives t hem sust enance and cures t hem.) Al-Bukhari also recorded from Abu Hurayrah t hat t he Prophet said,

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ⊥ ∇よや ヶ͡レよ∠ グｚ ミ∠ :モ ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚ ハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ» ヵ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ Α͡グ∇ムゎ∠ ゅョｚ ほ∠プ∠ ∩∠マャ͡ク∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヶ͡レヨ∠ わ∠ セ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠マャ͡ク∠ ペ ͡ ∇ヤガ ∠ ∇ャや メ ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ルぺ∠ギ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ヶ͡ルギ∠ Β͡バΑ⊥ ∇リャ∠ :ヮ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲボ∠ プ∠ :ヮ⊥ ャ⊥∇ヲボ∠ プ∠ ヵ ∠ ゅｚΑま͡ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇わセ ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠ハま͡ ∇リョ͡ ヶ ｚ ヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ワほ∠よ͡ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ギャ͡ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∩⊥ギヨ∠ ダ ｚ ャや ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ほ∠∇ャや ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ギャ∠ヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ や グ∠ ガ ∠ ゎｚ や «ギ∠ェぺ∠ や⇔ヲヘ⊥ ミ⊥ ヶ͡ャ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∇ギャ∠ヱ⊥ぺ

(Allah t he Might y and Maj est ic says, "The Son of Adam denies Me and he has no right t o do so, and he abuses Me and he has no right t o do so. In reference t o his denial of Me, it is his saying: ` He (Allah) will never re-creat e me like He creat ed me before.' But t he re-creat ion of him is easier t han his original creat ion. As for his cursing Me, it is his saying: ` Allah has t aken a son.' But I am t he One, t he Self-Sufficient Mast er. I do not give birt h, nor was I born, and t here is none comparable t o Me.'') This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Ikhlas, and all praise and blessings are due t o Allah.

The Tafsir of Al-Mu` awwidhatayn (Surahs Al-Falaq and An-Nas) (Chapters 113-114) Which were revealed in Al-Madinah The Position of Ibn Mas` ud concerning Al-Mu` awwidhatayn Imam Ahmad recorded from Zirr bin Hubaysh t hat Ubayy bin Ka` b t old him t hat Ibn Mas` ud did not record t he Mu` awwidhat ayn in his Mushaf (copy of t he Qur'an). So Ubayy said, "I t est ify t hat t he Messenger of Allah informed me t hat Jibril said t o him,

びペ ͡ ヤ∠ヘ∠ ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "I seek refuge wit h t he Lord of Al-Falaq.'')(113:1) So he said it . And Jibril said t o him,

びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "I seek refuge wit h t he Lord of mankind.'') (114:1) So he said it . Therefore, we say what t he Prophet said.''

The Virtues of Surahs Al-Falaq and An-Nas In his Sahih, Muslim recorded on t he aut horit y of ` Uqbah bin ` Amir t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

:テ ぁ ホ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んョ͡ ゲ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ る∠ ヤ∠∇Βヤｚャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ∇ろャ∠ゴ͡ ∇ルぺ⊥ れ ∃ ゅ∠Αへ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠» (Do you not see t hat t here have been Ayat revealed t o me t onight t he like of which has not been seen before) They are

«び ペ ͡ ヤ∠ヘ∠ ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "I seek refuge wit h, t he Lord of Al-Falaq.'')(113:1) and;

びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ

(Say: "I seek refuge wit h t he Lord of mankind.'') (114:1)) This Hadit h was recorded by Ahmad, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i. At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.''

Another Narration Imam Ahmad recorded from ` Uqbah bin ` Amir t hat he said, "While I was leading t he Messenger of Allah along one of t hese pat hs he said,

«∨⊥ょミ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ る⊥ ら∠ ∇ボハ ⊥ ゅ∠Α» (O ` Uqbah! Will you not ride) I was afraid t hat t his might be considered an act of disobedience. So t he Messenger of Allah got down and I rode for a while. Then he rode. Then he said,

リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ケ∠ ヲ⊥シ ゲ͡ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ケ∠ ヲ⊥シ マ ∠ ヨ⊥ ヤあハ ∠ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∩⊥るら∠ ∇ボハ ⊥ ゅ∠Α» «∨⊥サゅｚレャや ゅ∠ヨ͡ヰ͡よ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ホ∠ (O ` Uqbah! Should I not t each you t wo Surahs t hat are of t he best t wo Surahs t hat t he people recit e) I said, ` Of course, O Messenger of Allah.' So he t aught me t o recit e

びペ ͡ ヤ∠ヘ∠ ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "I seek refuge wit h t he Lord of Al-Falaq.'') (113:1) and

びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "I seek refuge wit h t he Lord of mankind.'') (114:1) Then t he call was given t o begin t he prayer and t he Messenger of Allah went forward (t o lead t he people), and he recit ed t hem in t he prayer. Aft erwards he passed by me and said,

ろ ∠ ∇ヨル͡ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ͡ヰ͡よ ∇ぺゲ∠ ∇ホや ∩⊥ょ∇Βボ∠ ハ ⊥ ゅ∠Α ろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ » «ろ ∠ ∇ヨホ⊥ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ヱ∠ (What do you t hink, O ` Uqayb Recit e t hese t wo Surahs whenever you go t o sleep and whenever you get up.)'' An-Nasa'i and Abu Dawud bot h recorded t his Hadit h.

Another Narration

:リ ͡ ∇Αグ∠ ワ∠ モ ͡ ∇んヨ͡ よ͡ やヱ⊥クヲｚ バ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや ラ ｚ ま͡ (Verily, t he people do not seek prot ect ion wit h anyt hing like t hese t wo:

びペ ͡ ヤ∠ヘ∠ ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "I seek refuge wit h t he Lord of Al-Falaq.'')(113:1) and;

«び サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ (Say: "I seek refuge wit h (Allah) t he Lord of mankind.'')) (114:1)

Another Narration An-Nasa'i recorded t hat ` Uqbah bin ` Amir said, "I was walking wit h t he Messenger of Allah when he said,

«∇モホ⊥ る⊥ ら∠ ∇ボハ ⊥ ゅ∠Α» (O ` Uqbah! Say!) I replied, ` What should I say' So he was silent and did not respond t o me. Then he said,

«∇モホ⊥ » (Say!) I replied, ` What should I say, O Messenger of Allah' He said,

«び ペ ͡ ヤ∠ヘ∠ ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ» (Say: "I seek refuge wit h t he Lord of Al-Falaq.'') So, I recit ed it unt il I reached it s end. Then he said,

«∇モホ⊥ » (Say!) I replied, ` What should I say O Messenger of Allah' He said,

«び サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ» (Say: "I seek refuge wit h t he Lord of mankind.'') So, I recit ed it unt il I reached it s end. Then t he Messenger of Allah said,

グ∀ Β͡バわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ク∠ ゅ∠バわ∠ ∇シや ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇んヨ͡ よ͡ ∀モ͡もゅ∠シ メ ∠ ほ∠シ ∠ ゅ∠ョ» «ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇んヨ͡ よ͡ (No person beseeches wit h anyt hing like t hese, and no person seeks refuge wit h anyt hing like t hese.)''

Another Hadith An-Nasa'i recorded t hat Ibn ` Abis Al-Juhani said t hat t he Prophet said t o him,

ゅ∠ョ モ ͡ツ ∠ ∇プほ∠よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ら͡ ∇カぺ⊥ ゅャ∠ぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ マ ∠ ャぁキ⊥ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ザ ∃ よ͡ ゅ∠ハ リ ∠ ∇よや ゅ∠Α» «∨∠ラヱ⊥クヲあ バ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや ヮ͡ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲｚ バ∠ わ∠ Α∠ (O Ibn ` Abis! Shall I guide you t o -- or inform you -- of t he best t hing t hat t hose who seek prot ect ion use for prot ect ion) He replied, "Of course, O Messenger of Allah!'' The Prophet said,

びペ ͡ ヤ∠ヘ∠ ∇ャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ» びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ あ ゲ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ «ラ ͡ ゅ∠ゎケ∠ ヲぁジャや ラ ͡ ゅ∠ゎゅ∠ワ (Say: "I seek refuge wit h t he Lord of Al-Falaq.'')( and (Say: "I seek refuge wit h t he Lord of mankind.'')( These t wo Surahs (are t he best prot ect ion).) Imam Malik recorded from ` A'ishah t hat whenever t he Messenger of Allah was suff ering from an ailment , he would recit e t he Mu` awwidhat ayn over himself and blow (over himself). Then if his pain became severe, ` A'ishah said t hat she would recit e t he Mu` awwidhat ayn over him and t ake his hand and wipe it over himself seeking t he blessing of t hose Surahs. Al-Bukhari, Abu Dawud, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah all recorded t his Hadit h. It has been report ed from Abu Sa` id t hat t he Messenger of Allah used t o seek prot ect ion against t he evil eyes of t he Jinns and mankind. But when t he Mu` awwi- dhat ayn were revealed, he used t hem (for prot ect ion) and aban- doned all else besides t hem. At -Tirmidhi, AnNasa'i and Ibn Maj ah recorded t his. At -Tirmidhi said, "This Hadit h is Hasan Sahih.''

ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ (In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

リ͡ョヱ∠ -ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゲ∂ セ ∠ リ͡ョ -ペ ͡ ヤ∠ヘ∠ ∇ャや ゆ ∂ ゲ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヴ͡プ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ん⇒ｚヘレｚ ャや ゲ∂ セ ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ -ょ ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ や∠クま͡ ペ ∃シ ͡ ゅ∠ビ ゲ∂ セ ∠ び-ギ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ ギ∃ シ ͡ ゅ∠ェ ゲ∂ セ ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ -ギ͡ ボ∠ バ⊥ ∇ャや (1. Say: "I seek refuge wit h t he Lord of Al-Falaq,'') (2. "From t he evil of what He has creat ed,'') (3. "And from t he evil of t he Ghasiq when Waqab,'') (4. "And from t he evil of t he blowers in knot s,'') (5. "And from t he evil of t he envier when he envies.'') Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Jabir said, "Al-Falaq is t he morning.'' Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, "Al-Falaq is t he morning.'' The same has been report ed from Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Abdullah bin Muhammad bin ` Aqil, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi and Ibn Zayd. Malik also report ed a similar st at ement from Zayd bin Aslam. Al-Qurazi, Ibn Zayd and Ibn Jarir all said, "This is like Allah's saying,

び͡ゥゅ∠ら∇タΗ ͡ やペ ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠プぴ (He is t he Cleaver of t he daybreak.).'' (6:96) Allah said,

びペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ゲあ セ ∠ リ͡ョぴ (From t he evil of what He has creat ed,) This means from t he evil of all creat ed t hings. Thabit Al-Bunani and Al-Hasan Al-Basri bot h said, "Hell, Iblis and his progeny, from among t hat which He (Allah) creat ed.''

びょ ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ や∠クま͡ ペ ∃シ ͡ ゅ∠ビ ゲあ セ ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (And from t he evil of t he Ghasiq when Waqab,) Muj ahid said, "Ghasiq is t he night , and ` when it Waqab' refers t o t he set t ing of t he sun.'' Al-Bukhari ment ioned t his from him. Ibn Abi Naj ih also report ed a similar narrat ion from him (Muj ahid). The same was said by Ibn ` Abbas, Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi, Ad-Dahhak, Khusayf, AlHasan and Qat adah. They said, "Verily, it is t he night when it advances wit h it s darkness.'' AzZuhri said,

びょ ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ や∠クま͡ ペ ∃シ ͡ ゅ∠ビ ゲあ セ ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (And from t he evil of t he Ghasiq when Waqab,) "This means t he sun when it set s.'' Abu AlMuhazzim report ed t hat Abu Hurayrah said,

びょ ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ や∠クま͡ ペ ∃シ ͡ ゅ∠ビ ゲあ セ ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ

(And from t he evil of t he Ghasiq when Waqab, ) "This means t he st ar.'' Ibn Zayd said, "The Arabs used t o say, ` Al-Ghasiq is t he declinat ion (of t he posit ion) of t he heavenly body known as Pleiades. The number of t hose who were ill and st ricken wit h plague would increase whenever it would decline, and t heir number would lessen whenever it rose.''' Ibn Jarir said, "Ot hers have said t hat it is t he moon.'' The support for t he people who hold t his posit ion (t hat it means t he moon) is a narrat ion t hat Imam Ahmad recorded from Al-Harit h bin Abi Salamah. He said t hat ` A'ishah said, "The Messenger of Allah t ook me by my hand and showed me t he moon when it rose, and he said,

«ょ ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ や∠クま͡ ペ ͡シ ͡ ゅ∠ピ∇ャや や∠グワ∠ ゲあ セ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぶ ͡ ゅ͡よ ヵ͡クヲｚ バ∠ ゎ∠ » (Seek refuge wit h Allah from t he evil of t his Ghasiq when it becomes dark.)'' At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i bot h recorded t his Hadit h in t heir Books of Tafsir in t heir Sunans. Allah said,

び ギ͡ ボ∠ バ⊥ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ん⇒ｚヘレｚ ャや ゲあ セ ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ (And from t he evil of t he blowers in knot s,) Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Qat adah and AdDahhak all said, "This means t he wit ches.'' Muj ahid said, "When t hey perform t heir spells and blow int o t he knot s.'' In anot her Hadit h it has been report ed t hat Jibril came t o t he Prophet and said, "Are you suffering from any ailment , O Muhammad'' The Prophet replied,

«∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » (Yes.) So Jibril said, "In t he Name of Allah, I recit e prayer (Ruqyah) over you, from every illness t hat harms you, from t he evil of every envious person and evil eye. May Allah cure you.''

Discussion of the Bewitchment of the Prophet t he Book of Medicine of his Sahih, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "The Messenger of Allah was bewit ched unt il he t hought t hat he had relat ions wit h his wives, but he had not had relat ions wit h t hem.'' Sufyan said, "This is t he worst form of magic when it reaches t his st age.'' So t he Prophet said,

ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ヶ͡ルゅ∠わ∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぶ ∠ や ラ ｚ ぺ∠ ろ ͡ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ぺ∠ ∩⊥るゼ ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ハ ゅ∠Α» ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ギ∠ バ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヶ͡ルゅ∠ゎぺ∠ ∨͡ヮΒ͡プ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Βわ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ ∇シや ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ヵ͡グャｚや メゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩ｚヶヤ∠∇ィケ͡ ギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ゲ⊥ カ ∠ ゅ∇ャや∠ヱ ヶ͡シ∇ぺケ∠ ∩∀ゆヲ⊥ら∇ト∠ョ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨͡モィ ⊥ ゲｚ ャや メ ⊥ ゅ∠よ ゅ∠ョ :ゲ͡ カ ∠ ゅ∇ヤャ͡ ヶ͡シ∇ぺケ∠

∇リョ͡ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ :ユ∠ ダ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よ ギ⊥ Β͡らャ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩⊥ヮらｚ デ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨∠ユΒ͡プヱ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩ゅ⇔ボプ͡ ゅ∠レョ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∩∠キヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ャ͡ ∀ブΒ͡ヤ∠ェ ペ ∃ ∇Αケ∠ コ⊥ ヶ͡レよ∠ ヶ͡プ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨∠リ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩∃るデ ∠ ゅ∠ゼョ⊥ ヱ∠ テ ∃ ∇ゼョ⊥ ヶ͡プ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ «ラ ∠ や∠ヱ∇ケク∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゃよ͡ ヶ͡プ る∃ プ∠ ヲ⊥ハや∠ケ ろ ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ∩∃ゲミ∠ ク∠ る∃ バ∠ ∇ヤデ ∠ あブィ ⊥ (O ` A'ishah! Do you know t hat Allah has answered me concerning t hat which I asked Him Two men came t o me and one of t hem sat by my head while t he ot her sat by my feet . The one who was sit t ing by my head said t o t he ot her one, ` What is wrong wit h t his man' The ot her replied, ` He is bewit ched.' The first one said, ` Who bewit ched him' The ot her replied, ` Labid bin A` sam. He is a man from t he t ribe of Banu Zurayq who is an ally of t he Jews, and a hypocrit e.' The first one asked, ` Wit h what (did he bewit ch him)' The ot her replied, ` Wit h a comb and hair from t he comb.' The first one asked, ` Where (is t he comb)' The ot her answered, ` In t he dried bark of a male dat e palm under a rock in a well called Dharwan.') ` A'ishah said, "So he went t o t he well t o remove it (t he comb wit h t he hair). Then he said,

る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ボル⊥ ゅ∠ワ￢∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ ｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ ヶ͡わャｚや ゲ⊥ ∇ゃら͡ ∇ャや ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ » «リΒ͡デゅ∠Βゼ ｚ ャや サ ⊥ ヱ⊥ぼケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠∇ガル∠ ラ ｚ ほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡￢ゅｚレエ ͡ ャや (This is t he well t hat I saw. It was as if it s wat er had henna soaked in it and it s palm t rees were like t he heads of devils.) So he removed it (of t he well). Then I (` A'ishah) said, ` Will you not make t his public' He replied,

ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ∠ Β͡をぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ルゅ∠ヘセ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ゅｚョぺ∠» «や６ゲセ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや リ ∠ ョ͡ (Allah has cured me and I hat e t o spread (t he news of) wickedness t o any of t he people.)''

ユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚ ャや リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚ ャや ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful.

-サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ヮ͡ ⇒∠ャま͡ -サ ͡ ゅｚレャや マ ͡ ヤ͡ョ∠ -サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ゆ ∂ ゲ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ヲ⊥ハぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ ヴ͡プ サ ⊥ ヲ͡ ∇シヲ∠ Α⊥ ング͡ ャｚや -サ ͡ ゅｚレガ ∠ ∇ャや ͡サや∠ヲ∇シ∠ヲ∇ャや ゲ∂ セ ∠ リ͡ョ び-サ ͡ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ る͡ レｚイ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ -サ ͡ ゅｚレャや ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ (1. Say: "I seek refuge wit h t he Lord of An-Nas,'') (2. "The King of An-Nas,'') (3. "The God of AnNas,'') (4. "From t he evil of t he whisperer who wit hdraws.'') (5. "Who whispers in t he breast s of An-Nas.'') (6. "Of Jinn and An-Nas.'') These are t hree at t ribut es from t he at t ribut es of t he Lord, t he Might y and Maj est ic. They are lordship, sovereignt y and divinit y. Thus, He is t he Lord of everyt hing, t he King of everyt hing and t he God of everyt hing. All t hings are creat ed by Him, owned by Him, and subservient t o Him. Therefore, He commands whoever is seeking prot ect ion t o seek refuge wit h t he One Who has t hese at t ribut es from t he evil of t he whisperer who wit hdraws. This (t he whisperer) is t he devil t hat is assigned t o man. For verily, t here is not any of t he Children of Adam except t hat he has a companion t hat beaut ifies wicked deeds for him. This devil will go t o any lengt hs t o confuse and confound him. The only person who is safe is He Whom Allah prot ect s. It is confirmed in t he Sahih t hat he (t he Prophet ) said,

«ヮ⊥ レ⊥ Α͡ゲホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ モ ∠ ミあ ヱ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ョ» (There is not a single one of you except t hat his companion (a devil) has been assigned t o him.) They (t he Companions) said, "What about you, O Messenger of Allah'' He replied,

ヶ͡ルゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩∠ユヤ∠∇シほ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヶ͡レル∠ ゅ∠ハぺ∠ ぶ ∠ やラ ｚ ぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ » «ゲ∃ ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ ゅｚャま͡ (Yes. However, Allah has helped me against him and he has accept ed Islam. Thus, he only commands me t o do good.) It is also confirmed in t he Two Sahihs from Anas, who report ed t he st ory of Safiyyah when she came t o visit t he Prophet while he was performing I` t ikaf, t hat he went out wit h her during t he night t o walk her back t o her house. So, t wo men from t he Ansar met him (on t he way). When t hey saw t he Prophet , t hey began walking swift ly. So, t he Messenger of Allah said,

«ヶ ∠ Β∠ ェ ⊥ ろ ⊥ ∇レよ͡ る⊥ Βｚ ヘ͡ タ ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ま͡ ∩ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ヤ͡∇シケ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠» (Slow down! This is Safiyyah bint Huyay!) They said, "Glory be t o Allah, O Messenger of Allah!'' He said,

∩ュｚギャや ン∠ゲ∇イョ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へ リ ͡ ∇よや リ ͡ ョ͡ ヵ͡ゲ∇イΑ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼ ｚ ャや ラ ｚ ま͡» :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ゅ∠ヨム⊥ ͡よヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヶ͡プ フ ∠ グ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ゼカ ∠ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ «や６ゲセ ∠ (Verily, Shayt an runs in t he Son of Adam like t he running of t he blood. And verily, I feared t hat he might cast somet hing int o your heart s -- or he said -- evil.) Sa` id bin Jubayr report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said concerning Allah's st at ement ,

び͡サゅｚレガ ∠ ∇ャや サ ͡ や∠ヲ∇シヲ∠ ∇ャやぴ (The whisperer (Al-Waswas) who wit hdraws.) "The devil who is squat t ing (perched) upon t he heart of t he Son of Adam. So when he becomes absent minded and heedless he whispers. Then, when he remembers Allah he wit hdraws.'' Muj ahid and Qat adah also said t his. Al-Mu` t amir bin Sulayman report ed t hat his fat her said, "It has been ment ioned t o me t hat Shayt an is Al-Waswas. He blows int o t he heart of t he Son of Adam when he is sad and when he is happy. But when he (man) remembers Allah, Shayt an wit hdraws.'' Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas;

び͡サや∠ヲ∇シヲ∠ ∇ャやぴ (The whisperer.) "He is Shayt an. He whispers and t hen when he is obeyed, he wit hdraws.'' As for Allah's saying;

びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ サ ⊥ ヲ͡ ∇シヲ∠ Α⊥ ン͡グャｚやぴ (Who whispers in t he breast s of An-Nas.) Is t his specific for t he Children of Adam as is apparent , or is it general, including bot h mankind and Jinns There are t wo views concerning t his. This is because t hey (t he Jinns) are also included in t he usage of t he word An-Nas (t he people) in most cases. Ibn Jarir said, "The phrase Rij alun min Al-Jinn (Men from t he Jinns) has been used in reference t o t hem, so it is not st range for t he word An-Nas t o be applied t o t hem also.'' Then Allah says,

びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ る͡ レｚ イ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぴ (Of Jinn and An-Nas.) Is t his explanat ory of Allah's st at ement ,

びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プ サ ⊥ ヲ͡ ∇シヲ∠ Α⊥ ン͡グャｚやぴ

(Who whispers in t he breast s of An-Nas.) Then, Allah explains t his by saying,

びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ る͡ レｚ イ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぴ (Of Jinn and An-Nas.) This is support ive of t he second view. It has also been said t hat Allah's saying,

びサ ͡ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ る͡ レｚ イ ͡ ∇ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ ぴ (Of Jinn and An-Nas) is an explanat ion of who is it t hat whispers int o t he breast s of mankind from t he devils of mankind and Jinns. This is similar t o Allah's saying,

ザ ͡ ∇ルΗ ͡や リ ∠ Β͡ト⇒∠Βセ ∠ や⇔ヱ∂ ギ⊥ ハ ∠ ヴ ｙ ら͡ ル͡ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや フ ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇カコ⊥ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥Α リ あイ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ び⇔やケヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ o(And so We have appoint ed for every Prophet enemies -- Shayat in among mankind and Jinn, inspiring one anot her wit h adorned speech as a delusion.) (6:112) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "A man came t o t he Prophet and said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Somet imes I say t hings t o myself t hat I would rat her fall from t he sky t han say (aloud openly). ' The Prophet said,

ヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇Βミ∠ キｚ ケ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや ぶ ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや ゲ∀ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や ∩⊥ゲら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や» «る͡ シ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇シヲ∠ ∇ャや (Allah is Most Great ! Allah is Most Great ! All praise is due t o Allah Who sent his (Shayt an's) plot back as only a whisper.)'' Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i also recorded t his Hadit h. This is t he end of t he Tafsir. All praise and t hanks are due t o Allah, t he Lord of all t hat exist s. ぴEvery effort has been made t o assure t he accuracy of t his publicat ion. If, however, any errors are not iced by t he reader, we would kindly request not ificat ion t o be correct ed in fut ure edit ions.び